


'rii .■■ .'■! :,; :,\, 






Book . F^ 3 



/ 

A 



IS^EW AND COMPLETE 



STATISTICAL GAZETTEER 



/f o 



UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 



FOUNDED ON AND COMPILED FROM 



OFFICIAL FEDERAL AND STATE RETUR.\S, 



SEYENTH NATIONAL CENSUS. 



EICHARD SWAIXSON FISHER, M.D., 

AUTHOR OF the'" BOOK OF THE WORLD ;" THE "PROGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES;" A " STATISTICAL 
ACCOUNT OF AMERICA," ETC., ETC. ; ALSO, LITERARY EDITOR OF " COLTON's AMERICAN 

atlas;" and editor of the "American railway guide." 

NEW YOrvK: 

PUBLISHED BY J. 11. COLT ON, 

No. 8G CEDAR STREET. 
1853. 

No, /' 




Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1853, by 

J. H. COLTON, 

in the Clerk's OiBce of the District Court of the United States for the Southern District of 

New York. 



N. Y. Steheottpe Association, Pudnet & Kussell, Printers, 

201 William Street. "9 JolJ" Street, N Y. 



EXPLANATION^ OF ABBREVIATIONS, ETC. 



MADE USE OF IN THE PREPARATION OF THIS WORK. 



brish bushel 

cap capital 

CO county 

er creek 

C. H. court-house 

dist district 

dwell dwelling 

fr. col free colored 

hund hundred 

isl island 



tat latitude 

long longitude 

manuf. manufacture 

m mile 

mtn mountain 

par parish 

pop population 

p.b post borough 

p. c per centum 

p. post office 



p.v post village 

pt port 

R. R. railroad 

r river 

si slaves 

sq. m square miles 

sta station 

t town 

ter territory 

V village 



Jlla Alabama 

drli Arkansas 

Calif. California 

Col Columbia 

Conn Connecticut 

Del Delaware 

Flor Florida 

Ga Georgia 

Ind Indian 

Ind Indiana 

/.'/ Illinois 

la Iowa 

Kif Kentucky 

La Louisiana 



Me Maine 

Mass Massachusetts 

Md Maryland 

jMich Michigan 

Mbm Minnesota 

Miss Mississippi 

Mo Missouri 

A". Eng New England 

AZ Hamp New Hampshire 

jV. Jer New Jersey 

JV. Mcx New Mexico 

JV. y. New York 

J\r. Car North Carolina 

^V. West North-West 



A^ebr Nebraska 

Ohio Ohio 

Oreg Oregon 

Penn Pennsylvania 

R. I. Rhode Island 

S. Car South Carolina 

Tenn Tennessee 

Tex Tsxas 

Utah Utah 

Verm Vermont 

Virg Virginia 

Wash Washington 

Wise Wisconsin 

U. S United States 



*,* Where no date is affixed to statistics, they must be understood as referring to the year 1850 
—the year of the statistical series used as the basis of the work. 

*,* The distances of places from the capitals of the several States, unless otherwise expressed, 
are by direct lines. When distances are given by railroad, canal, post-road, or river, it is so ex- 
pressed. 



A STATISTICAL ACCOUNT 

OF THE 

UNITED STATES OE AMERICA. 



The United States, a confederacy of sovereign States, and the most influential republic of the 
world, occupies the middle portion of North America. This confederation, cuusistiug originally of 
thirteen States, but now of xhirty-one States, the federal district, and several territorial append- 
ages, lies between the parallels of 24= and 49= north latitude, and the meridians of 10°east and 48^ 
west from Washington, or 07° and ]2o° from Greenwich, extending from the Atlantic to the Pacific 
Ocean, and from the British colonies on tlie north, to the republic of Mexico and the great Gulf on 
the south. Tlie whole extent of this boundary is now definitely settled by treaty.* The greatest 
width of this country, from east to west, is 2,000 miles, and the greatest depth, from north to south, 
1,730 miles. Its area may be estimated at 3,200,000 square miles, including California, Texas, etc. , 
recently acquired. It has a frontier of about 10,000 miles, of which 4,400 is sea-coast, and 1,500 
lalje-coast. 

The territory of the United States is traversed by two principal chains of mountains, the Allc- 
ghanics on the east side, and the Rocky Mountains on the west. These divide the country into 
three distinct regions: the Atlantic slope, the valley of the Mississippi, and the declivity from the 
Eocliy Mountains to the Pacific. 

The Allegh.\nies are less a chain of mountains than a long plateau, crested with several chains 
of mountains or hills, separated from each other by wide and elevated valleys. East of the Hudson 
the mountains are chiefly granitic, with rounded summits, often covered at their tops witli bogs and 
turf, and distributed in irregular groups without any marlied direction. Some peaks of the Green 
Mountains, in Vermont, and the White Mountains, in New Hampshire, rise to the height of 5,000 
to 6,400 feet above the sea. After passing the Hudson, the structure of the mountains seems to 
change. In Pennsylvania and Virginia tliey assume the form of long parallel ridges, varj'in" in 
height from 2,500 to 4,000 feet and occupying a breadth of one hundred miles. In North Carolina, 
the highest culmination is (5,476 feet; but in the northern part of Georgia and Alabama, where 
they terminate, they again lose the form of continuous chains, and break into groups of isolated 
mountains, touching at their base, some of which attain a considerable elevation. 

The Rocky Mountains are on a much grander scale than the Alleghanies. Their base is 300 
miles in breadth, and their loftiest summits, covered with everlasting snow, rise to the height of 10 
to 14,000 feet. These vast chains may be considered as a continuation of the Cordilleras of Mexico. 
They are distant from the Pacific Ocean from 5 to 000 miles, but between tliem and the coast several 
minor ranges intersect the country, of which the Maritime Range is the most conspicuous. 

The immense valley included between these two r.anges of mountains is intersected by the Jlis- 
sissippi River, which runs, from north to south, all through the United States. Tlie country west 
of the Mississippi, with little exception, is yet a wilderness, inhabited by roving bands of Indians, 
and beyond the limits of the organized States the whites have scarcely a settlement; but the 
country east of that river is thickly populated, and in the highest state of cultivation. The most 
remarkable feature in the face of the country is the low plain, from 50 to 100 miles wide, which 
extends along the Atlantic coast. Beyond this plain the land rises toward the interior till it ter- 
minates in the Alleghanies. The rest of the country east of the Mississippi is agreeably diversified 

* The treaties relative Ut these boun-iarit-s are, 1. Treaty of Paris, 1TS3. 2. Treaty of London, 1794. 3. Louisiana Treaty, 
1S08. 4. Treaty of Client. 1S14. 5. Convention c.f London, 1?1 s and llii. C. Florida Treaty, ISID. 7. Treaty with Mex- 
ico. 1S28. S. Treaty with Itussia. 1524. 9. AsLburlon Treaty, 1S42. 10. Texas Annexation Kesolulioiis, li«. 11. Oregon 
Treaty, 1S4G. 12. Treaty of Guadalupe, 1S43. 

6 



UNITED STATES OP AMERICA. 



with hills and valleys, plains and mountains. The soil of the low country, except on the banks of 
creeks and rivers, is sandy, and comparatively unproductive ; but the remainder has a strong, fertile 
soil, capable of supporting a dense population. The Pacific section is a highly varied country, 
abounding in wild and majestic scenery, and traversed by magnificent rivers. Much, however, of 
its interior is desert, and will probably never be inhabited by civilized man. The great California 
desert, indeed, is one of the dreariest regions of the world, the solitude being relieved only by a 
few oases in the neighborhood of streams, or on the borders of its numerous lakes ; on these alone 
is there even an aboriginal population. 

The shores of the United States are washed by three seas : the Atlantic Ocean, on the east, the 
Gulf of Mexico, on the south, and the Pacific Ocean, on the west. The principal bays and sounds 
on the Atlantic border are Passamaquoddy Bay, which lies between the State of Maine and the 
British province of New Brunswick ; Massachusetts Bay, between Cape Ann and Cape Cod ; Long 
Island Sound, between Long Island and the coast of Connecticut; Delaware Bay, which sets up 
between Cape May and Cape Heulopen, separating the States of New Jersey and Delaware ; Chesa- 
peake Bay, which communicates with the ocean between Cape Charles and Cape Henry, extending 
in a northern direction for 200 miles, through the States of Virginia and Maryland; Albemarle 
Sound, and Pamlico Sound, on the coast of North Carolina. There are no large b.ays or sounds on 
the coast of the Gulf of Mexico. On the Pacific coast, however, there are several excellent bays, 
but the principal and only one necessary to mention is the Bay of San Francisco, in the State of 
California. It is one of the finest baj's in the world, and capable of containing the navies of all the 
European powers at one time. 

With the exception of Michigan and Champlain, none of the great lakes of North America lie 
wholly within the territory of the United States ; the rest are on the northern boundary, where they 
form a connected chain, extending through a distance of more than 1,200 miles. The first in the 
chain is Lake Superior, the largest body of fresh water on the globe. Few persons are really aware 
of the magnitude of these great lakes ; they are truly inland seas, and navigation is as dangerous, 
and subjected to all the vicissitudes which are connected with the navigation of the Baltic, the 
Black Sea, or the Mediterranean. The following is a tabular statement of the extent of tliese fresh- 
water seas, with the mean depth of their waters, and their elevation above the sea. 

Naii>Ps. Mein Leor^.li. Me.in Ure.x.llh. Are™. 

Lake Superinr 40l) miles 811 niilfs S2,00« sq. m, 

" Mii'liigan 3211 " lO " 22,100 •' 

" Ililrnii 240 " SO " 20.4110 " 

" Gn-enBay 100 " 20 " 2.000 " 

" Krif 240 " 40 " 9.000 " 

" Ontario ISO " 85 " C.300 " 

" 8U Clair 20 " 14 " 360 " 

Lake Champl.ain, lying between Vermont and New York, is 128 miles long, and from 1 to 16 miles 
wide, and discharges its waters through the Sorel into the St. Lawrence. It is computed that the 
lakes contain above 14,000 cubic miles of water — a quantity more than five-sevenths of all the fresh 
water on the earth. The extent of country drained by the hakes, from the north-western angle 
of Superior to the St. Lawreucc, including also the area of the lakes themselves, is estimated at 
335,515 square miles. 

The principal rivers of the United States may be divided into four classes. First, the Mississippi 
aad its wide-spread bi-anches, which drain the waters of the whole country included between the 
Alleghany and Rocky Mountains; second, the rivers east of the Alleghany Mountains, which, 
rising from their eastern declivity, water the Atlantic plain, and hence flow into the ocean; fhiril, 
the system of rivers flowing into the Gulf of Mexico, which may be subdivided into those flowing 
from the southern slope of the AUeghanies, and those having their source in the north-western 
highlands of Texas ; and, fourth, those streams on the west of the Kocky Mountains, which flow 
into the P.acific Ocean. 

The Mississippi rises west of Lake Superior, in latitude 47° 47' north, amid lakes and swamps, 
dreary and desolate beyond description ; and after a south-east course of about 500 miles, reaches 
the Falls of the St. Anthony, where it descends perpendicularly 10 feet, and where are numerous 
rapids. From these falls it pursues at first a south-easterly, and then a southerly direction; and, 
after forming the boundary between Iowa, Missouri, and Arkansas, on the west, and Wisconsin, 
Illinois, Kentucky, Tennessee, and Mississippi, on the east, passes through Louisi.ana, and discharges 
itself through a delta of many mouths into the Gulf of Mexico. It is nearly 3,200 miles in length, 
and is navig.able, with few obstructions, to the Falls of St. Anthony. 

Its princip.al tributaries from the east are — 1. The Wisconsin, which joins it between the paral- 
lels of 42° and 43° north latitude; — 2. The Illinois, a navigable river, which joins it near latitude 
C 



Me;in Dp|.tli. 
1 900 fl'ct . 


Elev. 


above tlie Sea. 
. 590 feet. 


. . 1.000 '* . 




. . 578 " 


l.flOO " . 


.. 57S " 


1,000 " . 


..578 " 


S4 " . 


.. 665 " 


500 " . 


.. 2:S3 " 


20 " . 


.. 570 " 



UNITED STATES OF AMEKICA. 



38° 40' north; — 3. The Ohio, which is itself formed by the junction of the Alleghany and Monon- 
gahela rivers at Pittsburg. It flows in a south-westerly direction for 94o miles, separating the 
north-western States from Virginia and Kentucky, and falls into the Mississippi in 37° north lati- 
tude. The chief tributaries of the Ohio are the Wabash, the Cumberland, and the Tennessee, 
which last is formed of several streams from the western parts of Virginia and the Carolinas, which 
unite a little west of Knoxville, in the State of Tennessee, and runs at first south-west into Alabama, 
where it turns and runs north-west, through Tennessee into Kentucky, and joins the Oliio 10 miles 
below the mouth of the Cumberland ; antl — i. The Yazoo, which rises in the northern part of tlie 
State of Mississippi, and, running south-west, joins the Mississippi 100 miles above Natchez. 

The tributaries from the west are — 1. The Minnesota, or St. Peter's, which joins it about nine 
miles below the Falls of St, Anthony, after a south-cast course of several hundred miles; — 2. The 
Des Moines, which joins it near tlie parallel of 40° north latitude, after a south-easterly course of 
more than SOO miles ; — 3. The Missouri, which is formed by three brandies, called Jefferson's, 
Madison's, and Gallatin's rivers, all of which rise and unite in the Rocky Mountains. Tlie whole 
length, from the highest point of Jefferson's River, to the confluence with the Mississippi, is, by 
.actual course, about 2,500 miles, and to the Gulf of Mexico nearly 4,000 miles ; during the whole 
of which distance there is no cataract or considerable impediment to the navigation, except at Great 
Falls, which are above 2,000 miles from the Mississippi. At these falls the river descends, in the 
distance of 18 miles, 302 feet. The principal tributaries of the Missouri are the Yellow Stone, which 
rises in the Rocky Mountains, and joins it after a north-easterly course of 000 miles ; the Nebraska, 
or Platte, which rises also in those mountains, and, after an easterly course of 800 miles, joins the 
Missouri in Latitude 41° north; and the Kans.as, which joins it near latitude 39° north, after an 
easterly course of more thaB 600 miles; — 4. The Arkansas, which rises in the Rocky Mountains, 
and pursuing a south-easterly course, forms, for some distance, the boundary between the Indian 
Territory and Texas ; after which its course lies principally in the State of Arkansas, till it joins 
the Mississippi in 34° north latitude. Its length is more than 1,3110 miles; — 5. The Red River, 
which also rises in the Rocky Mountains, below Sante F6, and, after a south-easterly course of 
more than 1.000 miles, fiills into the Mississippi in latitude 31° north. 

The principal rivers east of the AUeghanies are — 1. The Connecticut, which rises in the highlands 
separating the United States from Canada, and running southerly, divides New Ilampsliire from 
Vermont, and passing through Massachusetts and Connecticut, falls into Long Island Sound. It is 
navigable for sloops for fifty miles to Hartford, and by means of canals and other improvements, 
has been rendered passable for boats 250 miles farther; — 2. The Hudson, which rises west of Lake 
Champlain, and pursuing a southerly course of more th.an 300 miles, falls into the Bay of New 
York, after receiving numerous aifluents. It is navig.able for ships to Hudson, 130 miles, and for 
sloops and steamboats to Troy, 40 miles farther. It is connected with Lakes Champlain, Erie, and 
Ontario by means of canals from Albany, and with the Delaware by a canal from Rondout; — 
3. The Delaware, which rises in New York, and flowing southerly, separates Pennsylvania from New 
York and New Jersey, and falls into Deliiware Eay, after a course of 300 miles. It is navigable for 
ships of the line 40 miles, to Philadelphia, and for sloops 35 miles farther, to the head of the tide 
at Trenton Falls; — 4. The Susquehanna, which .also rises in New York, and, pursuing a southerly 
zig-zag course through Pennsylvania, falls into the he.ad of Cliesapeake Bay, near the north-east 
corner of Maryl.and. During the last 50 miles the navigation is obstructed by an almost continued 
series of rapids ;^5. The Potomac, which rises in the AUeghanies, and, after forming, during its 
whole course, the boundary between Maryland and Virginia, falls into Chesapeake Bay. It is 
navigable for ships of the largest dimensions to Washington, the federal capital, about 200 miles 
from the ocean; but in the upper part of its course there are numerous obstacles, many of which, 
however, have been overcome by canals ; — 6. James River, which rises in the mountains, and falls 
into the southern part of Chesapeake Bay; and — 7. The S.avannah, which forms the dividing line 
between South Carolina and Georgia, and falls into the Atlantic in latitude 32° north. It is navi- 
gable for Large vessels to Savann.ah, 17 miles ; and for bo.ats to Augusta, 130 miles farther. 

The principal rivers which rise south of the AUeghanies, and fall into the Gulf of Mexico, are — 

1. The Appalachicola, which discharges itself into Apalachee Bay, in Florida. It is formed by the 
union of the Chattahoochee and Flint rivers, the former of which rises in the northern part of 
Georgia, and flowing south, receives the Flint at the south-west extremity of the State. During the 
latter part of its course, the Chattahoochee forms tlie boundary between Georgia .and Alabama ; — 

2. The Mobile, which discharges itself into Mobile B.iy. It is formed by two large rivers, the Ala- 
bama and Tombigbee, which unite ne.ar latitude 31° north, after having pursued each a separate 
course of many hundred miles. There is another system of rivers flowing into the Gulf from the 

7 



UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 



highlands of northern Texas, consisting of the Sabine, Trinity, Brazos, etc., which need only be 
mentioned here, as the geography of Texas will be minutely described elsewhere. 

The rivers flowing from the Rocliy Mountains to the Pacific, consist of — 1. The Columoia, which 
rises near latitude 55° north, and running south-west, falls into the ocean in latitude 4tl<i 15', after 
a course of 1 ,500 miles. Its principal tributaries are Clark's River, Lewis' River, and the Multno- 
mah or ■\Villamette, all of which join it on its left bank. This river was discovered in 1702, and 
settlements were made in the neighborhood by Americans in l.'ilO. The mouth of the river is ob- 
structed by flats, but vessels of 300 tons can ascend to the distance of 125 miles, and large sloops 
farther; — 2. The Sacramento and San Joaquin, emptying into the B: •'■ San Francisco ; — 3. The 
Buenaventura, rising in the coast range of the California Mountaing^. ...lies into Monterey Biiy; 
— 4. The Colorado, and River Gila (which separates Mexico from the United States), flow from the 
mountains near Santa Fc, and would, if not received by the Gulf of California, empty into the 
Pacific; they belong, however, to the same system of rivers. 



The government of the United States is a federal democratic republic. It is Ixased on the consti- 
tution of 1787, and amendments thereto. 

The electors of the most numerous branch of the several State Legislatures are qualified electors 
in the States respectively for all elective ofiicers of the general government. 

All legislative powers are vested in Congress, which consists of a Senate and House of Repre- 
sentatives. 

The "House of Representatives" is composed of members chosen every second year by the people 
of the several States, and in number in accordance with the population of each, and in order to 
ascertain the number each State is entitled to, a census is taken every ten years, excluding from 
the enumeration for this object two-thirds of the slaves, and all Indians not taxed. Each State is 
entitled to at least one representative. Vacancies are filled by intermediate elections. The House 
chooses its .speaker and other ofiicers. No person under twenty-five years of age, who has been 
less than seven years a citizen of the United States, and who is not a resident of the State electing 
him, is qualified for representative. 

The constitution provided for a specific number of representatives from each State to compose the 
House until the ascertainment of the population under the census of 1790; but since then legisla- 
tion has decennially fixed the number to be elected. From the 3d March, 1793, the apportionment 
was one representative to every 33,000 of the representative population; after 1803, one to every 
33,000 also ; after 1813, one to every 35,000 ; after 1823, one to every 40,000 ; after 1833, one to every 
47,000; after 1843, one to every 70,6.80; and after 3d March, 1853, 233 representatives to be di- 
vided pro rata to the several States. The following table shows the number of representatives to 
which each State has been entitled since the establishment of the government : 



states. 1787. 


1793. 


1803. 


1813. 


182.3. 


1S33. 


1843. 


1853, 


Maine — . 


— 




— 


7 


. « 


. T 


. « 


Xew nampshirc 8 


. 4 


. s. 


. 6. 


. 6. 


. 5 


. 4 


. 8 


MossarhHsetf8... 8 


.14 


.IT 


. 20 


. W 


. 12 


.111 


. 11 


Khode I.sland . . 1 


. 2 


. 2 


2 


. 2 . 


. 2 


. 2 


. 2 


Connecticut 5 


. T 


. T. 


7 


. fi . 


. fi 


. 4 


. 4 


Vermont — 


. 'i 


. 4 . 


. B . 


. .5 . 


. h 


. 4 


. 8 


New York C 


.in 


.IT. 


. 2T . 


.fW. 


. 40 


. S4 


. S3 


New .Tcrscv .... 4 . 


. s . 


. B . 


. fi . 


. 6 . 


. 6 


. 5 


. 5 


Pennsylvania. . . 8 . 


. i.i. 


. IS. 


. 2.') . 


. 2<i . 


. 2S 


. 24 


. 2.-) 


Delaware 1 . 


. 1 . 


. 1 . 


. ii . 


. 1 . 


. 1 


. 1 


. 1 


Marvl.tnd 6 


. R 


. 9 . 


. » 


. 9 


. 8 


. (1 


. 6 


Vireinia 10 


. 19 


. 22 . 


. 28 . 


. 22 . 


. 21 


. l.'i 


.18 


Narih Carolina.. 5 


. in 


. 12 . 


. l.S. 


. 18 . 


.18 


. 9 


. K 


South Carolina. . .•> 


. fi 


. S 


9 , 


9 


. 9 


. T 


. fi 


Georgia S 


. 2 


. 4 . 


. 6 . 


. T 


. 9 


. s 


. S 


Alabama — 


. — 


. — 




. 3 . 


. 5 


. T 


. T 



Sratps. 


17S7. 


17,0. 


1803. 


1SI3. 


192S. 


1S33. 


1813- 


18.53. 


Mississippi . . 


. . . — . 


. — 


. . — 


. — . 


, 1 


2 


. 4 


,=> 


Louisiana ... 


.. . — . 


— 


— 


— 


. 3 


. 8 


. 4 


4 


Tennessee . . . 


.. . — 


, — 


. 8 


. 6. 


. 9 


. 13 


. 11 


. 10 


K<'ntucky ... 


— , 


, 2 


, fi 


. 10 . 


. 12 


. 18 


. 10 


10 


(ihio 


— 


— 





. fi . 


. 14 


. 19 


. 21 


21 


In-liana 


, .. — • . 


. — 


. — 


. . — . 


. 3 


. T 


, 10 


. 11 


Illinois 


. .. — . 


. — 


. — 


. — . 


. 1 


. S 


. T 


. 9 


Missouri 


.. . — . 


, — 


. — 


. — . 


. 1 


. 2 


. 5 


. T 



A rkansaa — .. — .. — .. — .. — .. — .. 1.. 2 

Michiffan — .. — • .. • — .. — ... — .. — .. 3.. 4 

Florida — .. — .. — ..—.. — ..—.. 1.. 1 

Texas — ., — .. — .. — .. — ., — .. 2 . . 2 

Wisconsin — -.. — .. — .. — .. — .. — .. 3.. S 

California — .. — .. — .. — .. — .. — .. 2.. 2 



In addition to these representatives from States, the House admits a delegate from eacli organized 
Territory, who has the right to debate on subjects in wliich liis Territory is interested, but can not 
vote. California has tuw members by a special act. 

The " Senate" consists of two members from each State, elected by the Legislatures thereof 
respectively for six years. One-third the whole body is renewed biennially, and if vacancies hap- 
pen, by resignation or otherwise, during the recess of the Legislature of any State, the executive 
of such State makes a temporary appointment until the next meeting of the Legislature, which 
fills such vacancy. Senators must bo at least thirty years old, must have been citizens of the United 
States for nine years, and be residents of tlie State by which chosen. Each senator has one vote. 
The Vice-president of the United States hex officio President of the Senate, but a president^™ tem- 
pore is elected by and from among the Senators, wlio, in the absence of the president, acts in his stead. 



UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 



The constitutional government went into operation on tlie 4tli March, 1789, bvit a quorum of the 
first Congress, which met at the city of New Yorli, was not formed until the Cth April, nor was the 
first president of the United States inaugurated before the 30th April. The following is a complete 
list of sessions of Congress held up to the present time : 



gres! 

1st 



I! 



."Session, Cnfiimencecf. 

. e April, 1783. 

. 4.l!m.. 1T9I). 

. 6 I)e. 



Terminatf (I. 
.29Soi>t, 17S9. 



1790. 



„, I 1st 24 Oct., 

'''M 2.1 5 Nov., 

o. ilst 2nir., 

"^"l 2.1 3 Nov., 

4,1, .list 7 Dec., 

^'"l 2(1 5 " 

.15 May, 
.13 Nov., 
8 Dec, 
. 2 " 
.17 Nov., 
. 7 Dec, 
6 



1791 8 May, 1792. 



(1st 

5I1W 2(l 

i 3.1 



..Ilsl 
' I 2.1 

,nst 

''( 2.1 

<;,,,Jlsl 17 Oct 

"'" I 2.1 5 Nov., 1S(H 



61h.| 
71h -i 



g,,,.*'"' 2 Dec, 

"""( 2.1 1 •■ 



.170 
.12 Aiij., 1790 221 

8 Mar, 1791 SS 

.198 

1792. . . 2Miif., 1793 US 

179' ,;'. 9.1une, 1794 190 

17:. :.. 3 Mar., 179.i 121 

1795 1 .Iiine, 1796 178 

17915 8 Mar., 1797 89 

1797 lO.Iuly, 1797 57 

1797 16 •' 1798 246 

1798 3Mar., 1799 91 

1799 14 Mnv, ISiiO 165 

1800 8 Mar., 1801 107 

ISni 8M.iv, 1802 14S 

1S02 3 Mar., 1S03 SS 

1803 27 " 1804 163 

3 " 1S05 119 



Kith]!>;s- 



.26 Oct., 
. 7 Nov., 



1805 21 April, 1S06 141 

1S06 3 Mar, 1807 93 

1807 25 April, 1808 183 

ISOS 8Mar., 1809 117 



11th 



.,22 May, 
..27 Nov., 
. . 3 D..'C., 
.. 4 Nov., 
.. 2 " 
..24 May, 

1 Dec. 

1 19 Sept., 

u„,i1»' ■*l''='=-' 



12ih|^i; 

( 1st. 
13111^ 2. 
I 3. 



1809 28 .Tune, 1S09.. 

1809 1 May, ISin.. 

1810 8Maf., 1811.. 

1811 6 July, 1813.. 

1812 SMar., 1813.. 

1813 2 Aug., 1813. 



.. 38 
..166 
.. 91 
..246 
..122 
71 



15th 



2.1. 
lat. 



'1 2.1 16 Nov., Isl8 

ic„, J Ist 6 Dec, IM9 

lWh< „,, ,., „„.,' 



1813 18 April, 1.814 1.34 

1814 8 Mar., 1815 165 

1SI5 .30 April, 1816 149 

1816 SMar., 1817 92 

1S17 30 April, 1818 161 

' ' ' 3M:.r., 1819 108 

15 May, 1820 162 

1S20 8Mar., 1S21 Ill 



Con- 
gress. 

17lhJ 



Coinmeored. 



Termjn.^ted. 



2.1. 

lat. 
I 2,1.. 
( 1st 
) 2.1. 

20th j l.'J- 

i 1st. 
2.1. 



1st 3 Dec, 



ISth ■ 
19th J 



21slj 
22dj'|S; 

oojjlst. 

««"l2d: 



1821 

1822 8 Ml 

1823 27.Mav, 

1824 3. Mar., 

1.825 22 Mav, 

1826 3 Mar., 

1827 26 Mav, 

1S2S 8. Mar., 

1829 31 May. 



n.ivs of 

Du,.iti..n. 

8 May, 1822 irij 

1823 92 

1.824 179 

1825 88 



1826 169 

1827 90 

1828 176 

1S29 93 



27th 
2Sth 
29th 
80th 



1st 

K2.I 

( .8.1 

) 1st 

1 2.1 

1 Ist. 

I .3.1. 



261h]'j;J 



1 lat. 
) 2d. 
list. 
1 2d. 
1 1st. 
1 2d. 

81st«|^i- 

32d]^S;' 

33d ij^'; 



1 " 
7 " 
5 " 
4 S.-pt., 
4 Dec, 



81 May, 

6 Dec, 

5 " 
4 " 

1 " 

7 " 

6 " 
. 4 " 

3 " 

2 " 
1 " 
6 " 



1830. 
1.8:!1. 
1832. 
1833. 
1.S34. 
Is.So. 
1836. 
1S:'.7. 
18:57. 
1S.S8. 
18.39. 
1840. 
1841. 



]8:!0.. 
1S31 . 
1832.. 
1S33.. 



3 Mar. 
.14 .July 
. 3 .Mar. 
.80 .June, 1834 
. 8 Mar., 18:55 
. 4.1lllv, IS:!6 
. 3 Mar., 1837 
.16 Oct. 18.37 
. 9 .luly, 1838 
. 3 M;ir,, 1839 
.21 .Iiily, 1S40 
. 3,M:ir., 1811 
.13 Sept., 1S41 

1841 .31 Aua., 1842 

1842 3 Mar., 1813 

1813 17.IU1K-, 1844 



1844. 

1845 10 Aos., 

1816 SMar., 

l'<47 14 Ani., 

1818 8. Mar., 

1849 80Sipt. 

KR» SMar., 

18.51 81 Aug. 

18.52 8 Mar., 

1S..-.3 

l8S4 SMar., 



..176 
.. SS 
. .223 
.. 91 
..211 
.. 93 
..211 
.. 89 
.. 43 
..218 
.. 91 
..2:iS 
.. 87 
..lOS 
..263 
.. .88 
.196 



3 Mar., 1st5 91 



1846.. 
1847.. 
1848. . 
1849.. 
1S,50.. 
1861.. 
18.i2.. 
18.')3.. 
I^"i4.. 
1S.')5.. 



.2.53 
. 87 
'>.52 
!'89 

.801 
. 91 
.274 

. S3 



Besides its ordinary legislative capacity, the Senate is vested with certain judicial functions, and 
its members constitute a High Court of Impeachment. No person can be convicted by tliis court 
unless on the finding of a m:tjority of Senators, nor does judgment extend further than to retiiov:il 
from oiBce and dis.iualification. Representatives have the sole power of impeachment. 

The Executive Power is vested in a President, who is elected by an Electoral College, chosen by 
popular vote, or by the Legislature of the State, the number of electors being equal to the number 
of Sen;Uors and Representatives from the States to Congress. His term of office is four years, but 
he is eligible for re-election indefinitely. The electors forming the college are themselves chosen 
in the manner prescribed by the laws of the several States. A majority of the .aggregate number 
of votes given is necessary to the election of President and Vice-president, and if none of the can- 
didates has such a majority, then the election of President is determined by the House of Repre- 
sentatives, and that of tlie Vice-president by the Senate, from among the tliree c:indidate3 having 
the highest number of electoral votes, and in doing so, the vote is taken by States, the representa- 
tives of each State having only one vote, which must, of course, be determine.;! by a m:gority of 
their number. No person can be President or Vice-president who is not a native-born citizen, of 
the age of thirty-five years, and who has been a resident of the United States for fourteen years. 
The President is commander-in-chief of the army and navy, and of the militia when in the service 
of the Union. With the concurrence of two-thirds of the Senate, he has the power to make treaties, 
appoint civil and military ofiicers, levy war, conclude peace, and do all that rightly belongs to tlie 
executive power. He has a veto on all Laws passed by Congress, but so qualified, that notwitlisiand- 
ing his disapproval, any bill becomes a biw on its being afterw.ard approved of by two-tliirds of 
both houses of Congress. The Presi.lent has a s:ilary of §25,000 per annum, and " the white 
house" at Washington for a residence during his official term. The Vice-president is rx-officio 
President of the Senate; and in case of tlie death, resignation, or other disability of tlie President, 
the powers and duties of that office devolve upon him for tlie remainder of tlie term for wliioh the 
President had been elected. This provision of the constitution, for the first time since tlie founda- 
tion of the government, came into operation in 1841, on the demise of the late lamented General 
Harrison, who died 4th April, just one month after his inauguration, when John Tyler, the Vice- 
president, succeeded. Vice-president Fillmore also succeeded President Taylor under this provi- 

9 



UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 



sion. In case of the disability of the Vice-president, the President of the Senate pro tempore 
takes his place. The ofiBces of President and Vice-president have been occupied by the following 
gentlemen since the adoption of the constitution : 

PresiJenbt. Vice presidenU. Terms of Office. 

1. George Washinglon John Adams 80lh April, ITStf, to 4Ui March, 1793 

2. Do. do. Do. do. .'4lb March, 179.3, " " 1797 

3. .John Adams Thomas Jefferson " 1797" " IsOl 

4. Tlionias Jefferson Aaron Burr " ISIll " " lSii5 

5. Do. do. George Clinton " 1S05 " " 18li9 

6. James Madison Do. do. (.1. 20lh Apr., 1S12) " lSii9 " " 1S13 

7. Do. do Elbr.Gerrv(d.2;sJ November, 1S14) " 1S13 " " 1317 

8. .lames Monroe Daniel D. Tompkins " 1S17 " " 1-21 

9. Do. do Do. do " 1S21 " " lS2o 

10. John Quincy Adams John O. Calhoun " lS2o " " 1S29 

11. Andrew Jackson Do. do " 1S29 " " M^Vi 

12. Do. do Martin Van Buren " 1S33 " " 1n37 

13. Miirlin Van Buren Eichard M. Johnson " 1S37 " " 1&41 

., ( William Henrv Harrison John Tvler " 1»41 " 4lh April, 1&4I 

■'*• I .lohn TvlcT (on the death of General Harrison) 4th Aprii, 1841 " 41h March, 1S45 

15. James K. Polk Georee M. Dallas 4th March, 1345 " '• 1.349 

,, ( Zachary Tavlor Millard Fillmore " 1349 " 9lh July, 1S60 

^"^ ■) Millard Fillniore (on the death of General Tavlor) 911i July, ISoil " 4th March, IWS 

17. Franklin Pierce "Wm. P.ui'us King (d. IS Ap., 1853). 4lh March, 1S53 " '■ 1S67 

The administrative business of the nation is conducted by several officers, with the title of secre- 
taries, etc., who form what is termed the " Cabinet." These are the Secretary of State, the Secre- 
tary of War, the Secretary of the Navy, the Secretary of the Treasury, the Postmaster-general, 
the Secretary of the Interior, and the Attorney-general — the last being the official law authority 
for advisement in administrative affairs. Each of these presides over a separate Department. 

The " Department of State" was created by an act of Congress of the 1.5th of September, 1789; 
by a previous act of the 27th of July, 1789, it was denominated the Department of Foreign Affairs. 
It embraced, until the establishment of the Department of the Interior in 1849, what in some other 
governments are styled the Department of Foreign Affairs and Home Department ; but the duties 
now being divided, it confines its operations almost entirely to foreign matters, and hence its original 
title might with propriety and convenience be restored. 

The Secretary of State conducts all treaties between the United States and foreign powers, and 
corresponds officially with the public ministers of the government at foreign courts, and with min- 
isters of foreign powers, resident in the United States. He is intrusted with the publication of all 
treaties with foreign powers, preserves the originals of all treatiesandof the public correspondence 
growing out of international intercourse; grants passports to American citizens visiting foreign 
states, etc. He has charge of the Great Seal of the United States, but can not afBx it to any com- 
mission until signed by the President, nor to any instrument without authority of the President. 

Secretaries of State — Salary $6,000 per Annum. 



Thomas .TelTerson, Hi... 26 Sept., 17S9 
Edmun.lUandulph.ni.. 2 Jan., 1794 
Timothv Pii-kcrini;, !'((.. 4 Feb., 1795 

.lohn Marshall, I'./ 13 Mav, ISllO 

James Ma.lisi.n. Vu 8 Mar., isnl 

KolR-rl Smith. JW (i " 1309 

James M'mroe, \'<t 25 Nov., ISll 

J. Q. Adams, Mam. 5 Mar., 1317 



Henrv Clay, Ay S Mar., 1825 

M. Van Buren. JK r. ... . 6 •■ 1329 

Ed. P. Livinsslon. Zn... ISSI 

Louis M-Lane, Del. 7 Mar., 1833 

John Forsyth, (iu 1S:M 

D. Webster. J/.(*« 5 Mar., 1841 



John Nelson, Url. 29 Feb., 1,844 

J. C. Calhoun, S.C. 6 Mar., 1344 

J. Buchanan. /Vi 5 " 1845 

J. M. Clayton. Del. 6 " 1,849 

n. Webster, Mam. 20 July, 1S.50 

Edward EvereU 1S52 



H. S. Leaare, .S-. ('. 9 Mav, 1^43^ William L. Marcy.jV. K 5 Mar., 1S53 

A. P. Upshur, Va 24 June, 1843 I 



This department has subject to it the Diplomatic Bureau, and the Consular Bureau. The United 
States are represented by Ministers Plenipotentiary at the Courts of Great Brittiin, France, Rus- 
sia, Prussia, Spain, Mexico, Central America, Brazil, and Chili ; by Commissioners at the court of 
Pekin, China, and at the Sandwich Islands; by a Minister Resident at the Sublime Porte, and to 
the Swiss Confederation, and at other courts by Charges des Affaires ; and United States' Constils 
are stationed at all the important commercial ports in the world. Foreign Ministers accredited to 
the government of the United States are. Envoys Extraordinary and Ministers Plenipotentiary 
from Great Britain, Russia, the Argentine Republic, France, Spain, Chili, New Grenada, Brazil, 
Mexico, and Peru ; Ministers Resident from Portugal, Prussia, and Belgium; and Charges des 
Affairs from Denmark, Austria, Holland, Sweden, Naples, Sardinia, Venezuela, and Nicaragua. 
Foreign Consuls from all commercial nations reside in the several Collection Districts of the Union 

The " Department of the Interior" was established by an act of Congress of the 30th of March, 
1849. The Secretary of the Interior is intrusted with the supervision and management of all 
matters connected with the public domain, Indian affairs, pensions, patents, public buildings, the 
census, the penitentiary of the District of Columbia, the expenditures of the Federal .Judiciary, 
etc. Each of these interests is managed in a separate bureau or office, the immediate head of which 
is styled Commissioner, Superintendent, or Warden, as the case may be. 
10 



UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 



Secretaries of the Interior — Salary $0,000 jier Annum. 

Thomas H. Ewins, 0!iM 6 Mar., 1S49 | T.M.T. M-Kennon (.iec.) S Aug., 1S50 I Hubert Jl-Clelland, Mich., 5 Mar., l-,5:> 
Jamt-sA. PearceGli:d'cl)2U July, 1S6U | Alex. 11. 11. Suuirl, lu. . , 10 Sept., ISoU | 

The " Department of the Treasury" was created by an act of Congress of the 2cl of September, 
1789. The Secretary of the Treasury superintends all the fiscal concerns of the governmeut, and 
upon his own responsibility recommends to Congress measures for improving tlie condition of the 
revenue. All public accounts are finally settled at this department: and for this purpose it is 
divided into the office of the Secretary, who has the general superintendence, the offices of the two 
Controllers, the offices of the Six Auditors, the office of the Commissioner of Customs, the Treas- 
urer's office, the Registrar's office, the Solicitor's office, and tlie office of the Coast Survey. Assist- 
tant Treasurers' offices are also established at Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Charleston, New 
Orleans, and St. Louis. 

Secretaries of the Treasury — Salary SInOOO per Aninon. 

Mar. 



Alex. Hamilton, X. T. ..12 Sept., 17S9 

Oliver Wolcoll, Ct 4 Feb., I'tVa 

Samuel Uexier, ilasH 31 .Jan., 1SII2 

Albert Gallatin, /'(/ 26 Jan., 1S03 

Georse W. (.ainlibell, Ct. 9 Feb., Isl4 

Ale.v.~ J. Dallas, \'a 

Wm. U. Crawl'ord, Ga. . 



Kichard iUisb, Pit 

Samuel 1-). Ingham. Pa.. 

Louis M-Lane, Dt:l 

William J. Duane, Pa... 

Roger H. Taney, Mil. . . 
6 Oot., 1414 j Levi Woodbury, X. U... 
5 Mar., 1817 1 Thomas Ewing, Ohio 



7 Mar. 
5 ■' 



is^.'i 
1S29 
1S31 
1^83 
1*)3 
1S33 
1»41 



AV alter Fnrwar<l. Pa.. 
J. U. Spencer. X. Y. . 
George M. liibb, Kij.. 
K.J. Walker. MUh... 
W. M. Meredith./',!.. 
Thos. C"r\vin. Ohio. , 
James Guthrie, Ky. . . 



.13 Sept., 
. :i Mar., 
,.15 June, 
, . 6 Mar.. 
. 6 •• 
July, 



1S41 
l>4:i 
1S44 
1S46 
1S49 
LSDO 



5 Mar., lSo3 



The " Department of War" was created by an act of Congress of the 7th of August, 1789, and at 

first embr.aced not only military, but also naval affairs. The Secretary of War superintends every 

branch of military affairs, and has under his immediate direction the Adjutant-general's office, the 

Quartermaster-general's Bureau, the Paymaster's Bureau, the Subsistence Bureau, the Medical 

Bureau, the Engineer Bureau, the Topographical Bureau, the Ordnance Bureau, etc.; and the 

department has the superintendence of the erection of fortifications, of making public surveys, and 

other important services. 

Secretaries of War — Salary S6,000 per Annum. 

Isaac Shelley, Kt( 5 Mar., 1S17 , James W. Porter, Pn. .. R Mar., 1448 

J. C. Calhoun, i'. 0. 16 Dec, 1S17 ' William Wllkina. /'.i. .. .16 Feb., 1^44 

James Uarb()ur, Va 7 Mar., 1^25 Wm. L. Marcv, ^V. Y. 5 M.,r., l>4o 

Peter n. Porter, X 1'. 26 May, ly_'-i Geo. W. Crawl., nl, tfd. . 6 •■ 1S49 

J. H. Katon, Tenn 9 Mar., IS2i) i Edra. Bates (<leelined) . .20 July, 1S5:I 

Lewis Cass, MU:Jt 1S31 ' Charles M. Conrad. La... S .\ng., \ih\> 

Joel R. Poinsett, .S'. C. . . 1 " 1^37 | Jederson Davis, J/***' 5 Mar., 1S5:3 

John Bell, 'yti«« 5 " 1V41 

John M-Lean, Oliio 13 Sept, 1S41 

J. C. Speneer, X. Y. 12 Oct., 1841 1 

The " Department of the Navy" was created by .an act of Congress of the Z9[\ of .April, 1798. 
The Secretary of the A'avy issues all orders to the naval forces and superintends naval affairs gen- 
erally. Attached to the Department are — a Bure.au of Docks and Navy Yards, a Bureau of 
Ordnance and Hydrography, a Bureau of Construction, Equipment, and Repairs, a Bureau of 
Provisions and Clothing, a Bureau of Medical and Surgical Instruments, etc. ; and the National 
Observatory .at Washington is under the control of the Navy Department. The ministerial duties 
of these several Bureaux were formerly exercised by a Board of Navy Commissioners. 



Henry Knox, 3[aiis. 12 Sept., 17S9 

Tim. Piekermg. 7A/ 2 Jan., 1795 

James M-HenrV.JW 27 " 1796 

Sanil. Dexter, j/a.«. 13 May, ISUO 

Roger Griswold, Ct 8 Feb., ISOl 

Henry Dearborn, J/asy. . 5 Mar., 1^01 
Wdliani Euslis " .. 7 " 1S09 

John Armstrong, A". J'... 13 Jan., 1S13 

-Tames Monroe. Va 27 SepU, 1S14 

Wm. U. Crawford, Ga... 2 Mar., 1S15 



Secretaries of the Navy — Salary §6,000 per Annum. 



George Cabot, Ma.K 3 Mav, 179S 

Benjamin Slod. lard, J/.7. 21 ■' 179S 

Robert Smith. .)/</ 26 Jan., 1S02 

J. Cri'wiiingshield. Ham. 2 Mar., lS'i5 
P.aul Hamilion, .S. f..... 7 " 1S09 

William Jon.-s. /'« 12 .T.an., 1S13 

B.W. Cronnings'd, J/'c/.w.l9 Dec. 1S14 
Smith Thompson, X. i'..30 Nov., ISIS 



S. L. Southard, X.J. .... i Dec, 1S23 I T. W. Gilmer, Va 

John Braneh, A'. C. 9 Miu-., 1S29 .b.hn V. Ma-^on, I',;. ... 

Levi Wo,)dbiirv. X. II... 18:31 j George Kancron, J/(/.«s. 

Mahlon Diekerson, X. J. ls.34 .lolur V. .Mason. Va. 

J. K. Panliling, A'. 1'.. .. .30 June, 1838 WilHani B. Pre.ston, Vn.. 

G. P. Badger. X. l\ 5 Mar.. I,S4I Win. A. (Iraham, X. C. 

Aliel P. Up.-hur, Va 13 Sept.. 1S41 J. C. Dobbin, X. C. 

David llenshaw, J/a*s-...24 July, 1343 1 



1.5 Feb., 1S44 

14 Mar., Is44 

lU " 1M.1 

1S46 

C Mar, 184;l 
211 .Inly. lS.)i) 

b Mar., 18o3 



The " Department of the Post-office" was established under the authority of the Old Congress. 
The Postmaster-General has the chief direction of all postal arrangements with foreign states, as 
well as within the federal limits. The general business is managed by three Assistant Postmas- 
ters-general, who preside respectively over the Contract office, the Appointment oBico, and the 
Inspection, etc., offices. 

Postmasters-general — Salary §6.000 per Annum. 



Samuel Ostrood. J/(M«...26 Sept., 1789 I 
Timothy Piekerina, Pa.. 7 Nov., 1791 
Joseph llaliersliani. 6-'(/.. 2 .iHn.. 1795 1 

Gideon Granger. Ct. 17 Mar., 13112 ! 

R-ulK-n .T. Meigs. Oliio.. " 1814 ' 
John M'Lean, Ohio 9 Dec, 1823 ' 



William J. Barry. Ay. . , 9 Mar., 

Amos Kendall, A'v 1 Mav, 

.lohn M. Niles, Ct. 25 ■' ' 

Francis Granger. X. Y... 6 Mar., 
Charles A.Wiekliffe. Ki/.IS Sepi.. 
Cave Johnson, Tenn. ... 5 Mar., 



1829 I Jacob Collanier. Vt. 6 Mar., 1S49 

1835 1 Nalh.an K. Had. X K. .211 June, 18.50 

1340 James Campbell, Tenn.. 6 Mar., 1S58 

1S41 

1S41 

1845 I 

11 



UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 



The " Attorneys-general," who are considered as forming a part of tlie Cabinet, and who are the 
constitutional advisers and defendants of the government, are generally men of the greatest acquire- 
ments in their profession. The gentlemen who have held this office are enumerated in the annex- 
ed list : 

AUorneys-gciieral — Salary 5^4,000 per Annum. 



Edmund P.anilolph. r<j..2(; Pcpt, 17'SO 
William liriiilforil, i'a...2r.Ian., 1794 

Charles Let-, Va 10 Dec, 119.') 

Levi Liiicnln, JA'Ms .5 Mar., ISiil 

Eoberl SmiUi. M'l 2 " 18il.'i 

John Breekenrid^c A'y..2.3 Dec, 1S06 
Ca-sar A. lindney, /W...21 .Ian., 18li7 
■William I'incknev, J/rf..ll Dec, 1811 
EieharJ Kush, Pa 10 Feb., 1S14 



William Wirt, JW IC Dec, 1S17 

.Tdhn M'Ph. Berrien, Ga. 9 Mar., 1829 

Roger B. Taney, ^)M 18.31 

Benj. F. Butler. A'". 1'. ... .25 Dec, 1S85 

Felix Grundy, Tenn, 1 Sept., 1S33 

Henry D. Gilpin, Pn.. ..II Jan., 1.S40 
John J. Criltenden, Ky.. 5 Jfar., 1841 
Hugh S. Legar6. S. C. . .18 Sept, IS41 
Jolin Nelson, Md 1 July, 1343 



John Y. M.Tson, Va 5 Mar., 1845 

Nalhan Clifford 184T 

Isaac Toucey. €t. 1.S48 

Keverdy Joliiison, J/<?... 6 Mar., 1849 
J. J. Crillenden, Ky. ... .20 July, 1S50 
Caleb CusbiDg, J/a«$..,. 5 Mar., 1>53 



The judicial powers of the United States are vested in a Supreme Court, and in such other infe- 
rior courts as Congress may from time to time establisli. The present judicial establishment con- 
sists of a Supreme Court, Circuit Courts, and District Courts. 

The " Supreme Court," the higliest judicial tribunal of the Union, is composed of a Chief- Justice 
and eight Associate Justices, the Attorney-general, a Reporter, and Clerk. Tliis court is held in 
Wasliington, and has one session annually, commencing on the first Monday in December. 

The Supreme Court has exclusive jurisdiction in all controversies of a civil nature where a State 
is a p.irty, except between a State and its citizens, and except, also, between a State .and citizens 
of other States or aliens — in which latter case it has original but not exclusive jurisdiction. It 
has ■exclusively all such jurisdiction of suits and proceedings against ambassadors or other public 
ministers, or their domestics or domestic servants, as a court of law can have or exercise consist- 
ently with the law of nations ; and original, but not exclusive jurisdiction of all suits brought by 
ambassadors or other public ministers, in which a consul or a vice-consul is a party. It has 
appellate jurisdiction from iinal decrees and judgments of the circuit courts in cases where the 
matter in dispute, exclusive of costs, exceeds the sum or value of 2,000 dollars, and from final 
decrees and judgments of the highest courts of the several States in certain cases. It has power to 
issue writs of prohibition to the District Courts, when proceeding as Courts of Admiralty and 
maritime jurisdiction ; and writs of mandamus in cases warranted by the principles and usages of 
law to any courts appointed or persons liolding office under the authority of the United States. 
The trial of issues in fact in the Supreme Court in all actions at law against citizens of the United 
States is by jury, 

A final judgment or decree in any suit, in the highest court of law or equity of a State in which 
a decision in the suit could be bad, where is drawn in question the validity of a treaty or statute 
of, or any authorilty exercised under the United States, and tlie decision is ag.iinst their validity ; 
or where is drawn in question the validity of a statute of, or an authority exercised under any 
Jtate, on the ground of their being repugnant to the constitution, treaties, or laws of the United 
Jtates, and the decision is in favor of their validity ; or where is drawn in question the construction 
of any clause of the constitution, or of a treaty or statute of, or commission held under the United 
States, and the decision is against the title, right, privilege, or exemption, specially set up or 
claimed by either party, under such clause of the constitution, treaty, statute, or commission, 
may be re-examined, and reversed or affirmed, in the Supreme Court of the United States, upon a 
writ of error, the citation being signed by the Chief Justice, or Judge, or Chancellor of the court 
rendering or passing the judgment or decree complained of, or by a Justice of the Supreme Court 
of the United States, in the same manner, aud under the same regulations, and the writ has the 
same effect, as if the judgment or decree complained of h.ad been rendered or passed in a Circuit 
Court ; and the proceeding upon the revers.al is also the same, except th.at the Supreme Court, in- 
stead of remanding the cause for a final decision, may, at their discretion, if the cause shall have 
been once rem.anded before, proceed to a final decision of the same, and award execution. But no 
other error can be assigned or regarded as a ground of reversal in any such case, than such as 
appears on the face of the record, and immediately respect the before-mentioned questions of valid- 
ity or construction of the said constitution, treaties, statutes, commissions, or authorities, in 
dispute. 

Chief-Jusliccs of the Supreme Court — Salary §.5,000 jier Annum. 

John .Tav, N. T. 26 Sept, 17S9 1 Oliver Ellsworth, Ct 4 Mar., 1796 I Eoger B. Taney, Mil 28 Dec, 1835 

John Kutledge, S. C... 1 July, 1795 John Jav, iV: Y, 19 Dec, ISnO 

William Gushing, ilfa««..27 .lari., 1796 | John Marshall, Va 27 Jan., ISUl | 

The " Circuit Courts" are held by a Justice of the Supreme Court assigned to the Circtiit and by 
the Judge of the District in which the Court sits conjointly. The United States is divided into 
12 



UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 



nine judicial Circuits, in each of Tvhieh a Court is lield twice a year. The Circuits are as 
follows : 



VI. North Canlina, Snnlh Cnrnlina, anfl Georgia. 
VII. Ohio. In.iiana. Illinois, and Micliiiran. 
Vllt. K<-*nlueky. Trniussff, and Missouri. 
IX. Mississippi and Arkansas. 



I. Maine, N. ITanipshire, Massachusetts, and R. Island. 
II. Vermont, Conneotieut, and New York. 

III. New Jersey an<i Pennsylvania. 

IV. Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia. 
V. Alabama, Louisiana, and Kentucky. 

The States of Florida, Texas, Iowa, Wisconsin and California have not yet been attached to any 
circuit ; but the District Courts have the power of Circuit Courts. There is a local Circuit Court 
held in the District of Columbia by three judges specially appointed for that purpose. The Chief- 
Justice of that court sits also as District Judge of that District. 

The Circuit Courts of the United States have original cognizauce, concurrent with the courts of 
the several States, of all suits of a civil nature, at common law, or in equity, where the matter in 
dispute exceeds, exclusive of costs, the sum or value of 500 dollars, and the United States are 
plaintiffs or petitioners, or an alien is a party, or the suit is between a citizen of the State where 
the suit is brought and a citizen of another State. They have exclusive cognizance of all crimes 
and offenses cognizable under the authority of the United States (except where the laws of the 
United States otherwise direct), and concurrent jurisdiction with the District Courts of the crimes 
.and offenses cognizable therein. But no person can be arrested in one district for trial in another, 
in any civil action, before a Circuit or District Court. No civil suit can be brought, before either 
of said courts, against an inhabitiint of the United States, by any original process, in any other 
district than that whereof he is an inhabitant, or in which he shall be found at the time of serving 
the writ; and no District or Circuit Court has cognizance of any suit to recover the contents of 
any promissory note, or other chose in action, in favor of an assignee, unless a suit might htive 
been prosecuted in such court to recover the said contents, if no assignment had been made, ex- 
cept in cases of foreign bills of exchange. 

The Circuit Courts have appellate jurisdiction from final decrees and judgments of the District 
Courts, in all cases where the matter in dispute exceeds the sum or value of fifty dollars. They 
also have jurisdiction of certain cases, which may be removed into them before trial from the State 
courts. But no District Judge (sitting in the Circuit Court) can give a vote in any case of appeal, 
or error, from his own decision, but may assign the reasons of such his decision. The trial of 
issues in fact in the Circuit Courts, in all suits, except those of equity and of ailmiralty and mar- 
itime jurisdiction, is by jury. 

The " District Courts" are held respectively by a district judge alone. Each State is one district 
for the purposes of holding District or Circuit Courts therein, with the exception of New York, 
Pennsylvania, Virginia, Georgia, Florida, Mississippi, Louisiana, Arkansas, and California, each 
of which is divided into two districts, and of Alabama, Tennessee, and Iowa, each of which are 
divided into three districts. There are besides these. Territorial Courts, which are temporary, and 
lose that character whenever a Territory becomes a State. 

Each court has a clerk, a public attorney or prosecutor, .and a marshal — all of which are ap- 
pointed by the President of the United States, with the exception of the clerks, who are appointed 
by the courts severally. 

The District Courts of the United States have, exclusively of the courts of the several States, 
cognizance of all crimes and offenses that are cognizable under the authority of the United States, 
committed within their respective districts, or upon the high seas, where no other punishment than 
whipping, not exceeding thirty stripes, a fine not exceeding one hundred dollars, or a term of im- 
prisonment not exceeding six months, is to be inflicted, and also have exclusive original cognizance 
of all civil causes of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction, including all seizures under the laws of 
impost, navigation, or trade, of the United States, where the seizures are made on waters which 
are navigable from the sea by vessels of ten or more tons' burthen, within their respective dis- 
tricts, as well as upon the high seas, saving to suitors, in all cases, the right of a common-law 
remedy, where the common law is competent to give it ; and also have exclusive original cognizance 
of all seizures on land, or other waters than as aforesaid, made, and of all suits for penalties and 
forfeitures incurred, under the laws of the United States. And they also have cognizance, concur- 
rent with the courts of the several States, or their circuit courts, as the case may be, of all causes 
where an alien sues for a tort only in violation of the law of nations, or a treaty of the United States. 
They also have cognizance, concurrent as last mentioned, of all suits at common law, where the 
United States sue, and the matter in dispute amounts, exclusive of costs, to the sum or value of 
one hundred dollars They also have jurisdiction, exclusively of the courts of the several States, 
of all suits against consuls or vice-consuls, except for offenses above the description aforesaid. 



UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 



The trial of issues in fact, in the District Courts, in all causes, except civil causes of admiralty and 
maritime jurisdiction, is by jury. 

An act of the 18th of December, 1812, requires the district and territorial judges of the United 
States to reside within the districts and territories, respectively, for which they are appointed; 
and makes it unlawful for any judge, appointed under the authority of the United States, to exer- 
cise the profession or employment of counsel or attorney, or to be engaged in the practice of the 
law. And any person offending against the injunction or prohibition of this act. shall be deemed 
guilty of misdemeanor. 

Appeals are allowed from the District to the Circuit Courts in cases where the matter in dispute, 
exclusive of costs, exceeds the sum in value of ^uO, and from the Circuit Courts to the Supreme 
Court in cases where the matter in dispute exceeds the sum or value of $2,000 ; and in some cases 
where the inconvenience of attending a court by a justice of the fupreme Court is very great, the 
District Courts are invested with Circuit Court powers. 

The appointment of all judges of the United States is made by the President, by and with the 
advice of the Senate ; and the judges hold their several offices during good behavior, and can be 
removed only on impeachment. Their compensation is fixed by law, and can not be diminished 
during their period of office. 



GENERAL STATISTICS OF THE UNITED STATES. 



I. STATISTICS OF TOPULATION, ETC., ETC. 

1. Statement of the Extent, Population, Industry, and Wealth of each Slate and of the 
United States, on the 1st June, 1850. 



States and Territories. 



Alabama 

Arknnsas 

Ciiliroriiia 

ColiimMa District 

Connecticut 

Delaware 

Florida 

Georgia 

Illinnia 

Iniliana 

Indian Ter, 

Iowa 

Kt-ntuclcy 

Louisiana 

M:iine 

Mnrtland 

Massacliusetts 

Mieiiigan 

Miiiiiesola Ter. . . 

Mississippi 

Missottri 

Kebraslia Ter, ... 
New Hanipsbire . 

New .lersey 

New Mexico Ter.. 

New Y'Tlt 

Norlii Carnlina. . . 
Norlh-West Ter. . 

Oliio 

OreEjon Trr 

Pf-niisylvania . ... 

liliode Island 

S'ltith Carolina... 

Tennessee 

Texas 

X'lali Ter. 

Vermont 

Virjrinia 

Wasliington Ter.. 
Wisconsin 

14 



60,7'22 

52,198 

1SS,9S1 

6fl 

4,6T4 

2.130 

59.2153 

6'^.IIOM 

55.405 

33,SI)9 

1S7.171 

50,914 

37,6311 

46.4.31 

80.0110 

9.356 

7,8110 

56,243 

85,000 

47,156 

67.330 

136.700 

9,280 

8,320 

210,744 

46,000 

46,000 

587,564 

39,964 

841,463 

46,000 

1,360 

24,500 

46,600 

237,321 

187,923 

10,212 

61,853 



P„|.iil»tir.n, 


Piipulat'n 
to -(luare 

Miles. 


Mamifac 
turiiiK Es 
tHbii.-li ta 


FarmN ii) 
Culliva 

tioTI. 

41.964 


Cen,.i, 


Wtiite 


Clore.l. 


Total. 




Free. 


842.392 




426,486 


2,293 


771,671 


15.2 


1.022 


Ji22S.204.332 


162,139 


60S 


47,100 


2119.397 


4,0 


271 


17,758 


39.,841.025 


272,3li6 


33.201 


— 


308,507 






— 


22.161.372 


88,027 


9,973 


8,637 


51,687 


S61,4 


427 


264 


14.01SS74 


863,099 


7,693 


— 


370,792 


79.8 


8.913 


22,445 


15.5.707,980 


71,169 


18,073 


2,290 


91,5:i2 


48,6 


5!3 


6.063 


21,062,rw6 


47,211 


924 


89.3119 


37,444 


1.4 


121 


4.304 


22,362.270 


521.672 


2,931 


831,632 


906,1^6 


16.6 


1.4117 


.11.759 


354,425,714 


846,085 


6,485 


— 


3,')1.470 


16.3 


3.0911 


76.208 


166,265,006 


977,628 


10,788 


— 


983,416 


29.2 


4.326 


93,396 


202,650,264 


191.S79 


8:?5 





192,214 


3.7 


482 


14.305 


23,714,638 


761,417 


10,007 


210.981 


982.406 


26.0 


8,471 


74.777 


301,623.4.56 


2W>,49I 


17,462 


244,609 


617.762 


11.0 


1,021 


13.422 


2S3.998.764 


581.813 


1.860 


— 


683.169 


19.4 


3,6>2 


46.7611 


122.777,.'.71 


417,943 


74,723 


90,368 


533.084 


62.3 


8,363 


21.860 


219.217.364 


9S'),4,50 


9,064 


— 


994.514 


1261 


9,|-87 


.84.23, 


573.342.286 


396,1.97 


2,657 


— 


397.654 


7.0 


1.979 


34,039 


59.7s7.255 


6,03s 


89 


, — 


6.077 


.0 


5 


157 


— 


296,71b 


930 


309,878 


606.626 


12.8 


366 


83,900 


228.951.180 


592,004 


2.618 


87,422 


682,044 


10.1 


3,030 


.54,463 


137,247,707 


317,456 


,520 





317,976 


.84.2 


8.301 


29,229 


1 08.652.385 


465,518 


28,S2II 


222 


4S9„666 


60.0 


4.374 


23,905 


200,000,000 


61,530 


17 


, — 


61,547 


.2 


— 


— 


5,174,471 


8,043,326 


49.069 


— 


3,097,394 


67.6 


23.328 


170.621 


1,030.209,215 


563,023 


27,463 


233,543 


869,039 


19.3 


2,623 


56,916 


226,300,472 


l,9.'i5,108 


25,319 





1,9811.427 


49.5 


10,560 


148,887 


604,726,120 


13,' 88 


206 





18,294 


.0 


51 


1,164 


5,063,474 


2,25S,46;3 


68,828 





2,.3n.786 


60.2 


22,036 


127,.677 


722,436.120 


14:3,875 


3,670 


— 


147,515 


108.0 


1,144 


5.335 


KO.,508,794 


274,567 


8,956 


384,934 


663.607 


27.2 


1,473 


29.969 


283,257.694 


756,7.'>3 


6,401 


239.460 


1.002.014 


21.9 


2,7-9 


72,710 


201,246,636 


154.084 


397 


58,161 


212..592 


.8 


So- 


12,198 


52,740.473 


11,330 


24 


26 


11,3S0 


.0 


le 


926 


986,038 


813.402 


718 





314,120 


80.0 


1,335 


29,687 


92,20.5,049 


894,300 


5t838 


472,628 


1,421,661 


28.1 


4,4.33 


77,013 


430,701,082 


804.-5S 


6-33 


— 


306,391 


5.6 


1.273 


20,177 


42.056,595 



UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 



Progressive Movement of Population. 

Colored Persons. 



Censna 
Ye^rs, 

1790 ... 
ISOO . . . 
1810 ... 
1820 . . . 
1S30 . . . 
11S40 ... 
1850 . . . 



White 
I'er«oin. 
. ... 3.172.464. 
. ... 4.3114 489., 
. ... 5.862.004.. 
. ... 7.S66..')69. 
....10,532,060., 
. ...14,ls9,705., 
....19,630,738. 



Free. 
. 69.466... 
.1118,395... 
.186,446... 
.233.524... 
.819,699... 
.880,292... 
.428,661... 



. 697,897.. 
. 893.0,57.. 
.1,191.304.. 
.1.5.38,(198.. 
.2,(109.1143.. 
.2.487,356.. 
.8,204,089.. 



Tc.Tal Pop. 

... 8.929,SJ7., 
... 6,3116,941.. 
... 7.239,814., 
... 9,63s,191. 
...12.866.020. 
. ..17,(l6!l,4.')3. 
...23,263,438. 



«l„te. 



35.7.. 

.382.. 
, 34.3.. 
, »i.9.. 
. .34.7.. 
, 88.3.. 



Place of Origin. 

Mlline 

New Hampshire. 

Vernmnt 

Mjissachusetia . . 
KhuiJe Island .. . 

C'lnnectii-ut 

New York 2, 

New .IiTse.v. . . 
Peiuisylvuiiia . 

Delaware 

MarylauJ 



3. Origin of the Free Population of 1850. 
A, — Native Populalion. 

Place ol (Irigin. Pop. 

Tennessee 826,690 

Kentucky 859.407 



Place of Origin. P„p. 

Dist. of Columbia.. 82,236 

Virginia 1.26(1,982 



North Carolina 
Soutli Carolina. 

Ceorgia 

Kloriila 

Alaliatna . 



839.:i25 
44*,689 
52.'>.(j-.'il 
2.'', -117 
82il.9:i(l 



M i.-*sis-sippi 172.473 

Louisiana. ... 
Texas 



16(l,2,'.3 
51,041 



Ohio 
Miehiaan .. 
lii'liana .. . 

Illinois 

Mi^,soitri. .. 

Iowa 

Wisconsin . 
(.'aliti'rnia . 



Ensland 278,675 

Irelanil 961,719 

Scotland 70.550 

Wales 29.863 

Germany 573,225 



74,122 1 Minnesota . 
J?. — Foreign Population. 



.1,514,885 
. 153,(157 
. 038.117 
. 889.5117 
. 815,428 
. 66,738 
. 06.79(1 
6,698 
1,334 



82.2. 

92.2. 
, 2.5.2. 
, 86.8. 
, 20.8. 



Place of Orig 

Oregon 



slaves. 

! 27.911 

. 83 4.. 

. 29.1.. 

. .30.6.. 

. 2.3.S. 



Ti.lal. 

!l3.5.00 
..36.45 
..8.3.12 
. .33.4S 
...32.07 



Utah 

New Mexico 

Natives of the Ter- 
ritories, hut n-si<l- 
ing in oilier parts 
of the Union 



28.8 36.23 



P..p, 
3,175 
1,381 

68,421 



949 



France . 

Spain 

Portugal. 
Belgium. 



64,(169 
3,113 
1,274 
1,313 



HolKind 9,843 

Turkey 106 

Ihily 3.645 

Austria 9,16 

Switzerland 13.368 

Kussia 1,414 

Norway 12,678 

Denma'rk 1,838 



Sweden 


3.f)59 




10,M9 




34 


Greece 


S6 
759 




377 




551 


British America. . 


. 147,711 



Total 17,737,578 



IMcxico 13.317 



Central America .. 
Soulli .Vnicrica. , . . 

West Indies 

Samiwieh Islands . 
Other countries . . . 



141 
1.643 
5,772 

588 
8,214 



Total. 



.2,210,839 



f.— Origin Unknown. Total 39,164. 
4. Deaf and Dumb, Blind, Insane, and Idiotic, 1850. 





WliiiB Pe 


^.—Absolute Number of each Class. 

Colore.l t'ersooR. 










' 


Free. S 
Fem. Male. 

65 276... 

2.55 ,562... 

177 117... 

202 638.. 

aggregate Population. 

C.loreil Persons. 


iLve. 

Fem. 
213 


Aggres.^te of 
e.iLl. Cl/iss. 

9 717 


Deaf and Dumb 


W,,le, 

6,(127 


Kern. Male, 

. 4,058 78.. 

. 8.478 289.. 

. 7.469 144.. 


Jlind .. 


. . . 4,519 


049 

174 

455 




9 7(12 




7 697 






8.276 






B.- 

Wliite Person 


-Ratio of each Class to th( 








Slaves. 








Tolal Hat f 

niioitier. one to 

9.091... 2.151.. 

. 7,997... 2,445.. 

15.156... 1^90.. 

14.230... 17374.. 






"^eaf and Dumb. . 

3lind 

nsane 

diolic 


p. c. Number. One M 
. 0.04.... 143... 3,082.. 
. 0.04.... 494... .877.. 
. 0.07.... 321... 1,850.. 
. 0.07.... 436... 994.. 


p c. Numljer. One t'l 
0.03... 489... 6,652. 
0.11... 1,211... 2,645. 
0.01... 291... 11,010. 
0.10... 1,040... 8,1180. 


p. r. 

. 0,111... 
. 0.03... 

'. 0.03', !'. 


Nnml.er. 

9.723. 

9,7(12. 
15.768. 
16,700. 


2.3S5.. 0.04 

2.31111.. 0.114 

1,470.. 0.06 

. 1,470.. 0.06 



Total. 



46,474 



420 



! 1,394 811 0..32 3,031 1,067 0.09 60,899 455 0.21 

5. Pauperism, 1850. 

Number of paupers who received support within the year emling June IpI , IS'iO native 60,434, 
and foreign 0S,53S— total 134,972. 

Number of paupers who were receiving support on the 1st June, 18,>U native 13,473, and 
foreign 13,437— total 50,353. 

Total cost of pauper support within the year specified — .$2,954,800. 

The following exhibit shows the number and cost of paupers to each o( (lie St.Ttes, within the 
year 1850 : 



St.'tea. 


Paupers. 


Cost. 


states. Paupers. 


Cost 


States. 


Paupers. 


O.ist 


^late... 


Fanpers. 


Cost, 


Maine . . . 


5,,503. 


1151.604 


Pcnn 11,561. 


$232,1.38 


Alabama. 


803.. 


$17, .559 


Mi(liii;an. 


1,190.. 


$27..5,50 


N. Hamp. 


3.6011. 


157,351 


Delaware . 697. 


17,730 


Miss 


260.. 


18,132 


lodiatia .. 


1,1S2.. 


57,.5fi0 




3.654. 
16.777. 


1211,462 
892,715 


Marvland . 4,494. 
Virginia.. 6,113. 


71.668 
161,722 


La 


423.. 
T.. 


3',l,8ii0 
488 


Illinois ., 
Missouri , 


797.. 
2,977.. 


4.5.213 


Mass 


Texas ... 


53,243 


Eh. Island 


2„56il. 


45,837 


N.Carolina 1,931. 


60,085 


Arkansas 


105.. 


6,893 


Iowa 


135.. 


5,:!58 


Conn 


2.337. 


96,624 


8. Carolina 1,642. 


48,337 


Tennessee 


1,005.. 


■j0,080 


Wisconsin 


666.. 


14,743 


H. York . 


59.855. 


817,336 


Georgia .. 1,036 


27,820 


Kentucky 


1,126.. 


'.7„W5 








N. Jersey 


2,392. 


93,110 


Florida... 76. 


937 


Ohio 


2,513.. 


; 5.250 









6. Criminal Statistics. 
"Whole number of persons convicted of crime within the year endiucr June 1 , 1850 — native 13,000, 
and foreign 14,000— total 27,000. 

Whole number in prison on the 1st June of the same year — aitivo 4,300 and foreign 2,460 — 
total 6,700. 

15 



UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 



II.— STATISTICS OF EELIGION. 
1 . Statistics of Churches. 



stales. 


No of 
Cl.V 


Accninmo 


Vat..»orcii. 
Cr„pert). 


States. 


No. of 
Cli'a. 


Accommo- 
d.linn. 


V«liieofCli. 
I'n.penj. 




Sol 

602 

664 

l,4:i0 

221 

719 

4.0S4 

807 

3,509 

ISO 

909 

2,336 

1,678 

1,1 1!3 

1,72.3 

152 

1,235 


804,477 
2.33,892 
220,444 
6S2.90S 
98.736 
805.249 

1,890,2?9 
844,983 

1,606.418 
55.741 
890,265 
834,091 
558,204 
463.930 
612,892 
41,170 
888,008 


.$1,712,152 
1,401,5-6 
1.213.126 

10,205.2<4 
],2.52.9n0 
8,.'i64.8n( 

21.132,707 
3.540.436 

ll,6ol.sS5 

g40..S4o , 

S.947.8S4 

2,849.176 

889,393 

2.140,.S46 1 




910 

275 

104 

185 

1.939 

1.813 

3.890 

862 

1,947 

1,167 

773 

148 

244 

23 


275.979 

ltt4.0S0 

54.49.5 

89.930 

606.695 

672.0.^3 

1,447.632 

118.S93 

6S9..3.30 

479.078 

241.189 

87.7.i9 

TS.4.55 

9.600 


7.U542 
1,782,470 












M:iS->.:u'lltI9t'ttS 




89.315 


l!h.„U- Wand 




1,208,876 
2.260,093 
6,705.149 


Conni'clieiit 

Kow York 


Ki-ntueky 




Mirliigan 






1.512,435 
1,476.335 


Delaware 


Illinois 


Marvtaild 




1,558,590 
177,400 
350 600 






North Canilina 




South Carolina 




2.58 800 


Georgia 

Florida 






165 400 Totnl 


86,011 


18,849,896 


86,416,639 


Alabama 


l,182!o76 


1 





2 


. Statistics of Religious Denominations. 








DenominfiUori!), 


No. of 
Cliurclies 


Accnminoda 

tlUIIB. 


Value of 
Pn>perly. 


Denomiiiationa. 


No. of 
Cliur.I.ej. 


Accommoda 

tioflB. 

»1 12,1,84 

2,0411,316 

620.950 

5.070 

85.075 

2IS„552 

137,307 

205,462 

115,.347 


Value of 
Properly. 


Baptist 


8,791 
812 

1,674 
324 

1,422 

361 

714 

827 

81 

1,208 
110 


8,1.30,873 
290.050 
79.5,177 
1S1.9S6 
625.213 
108.005 
2S2.S23 
156,932 

16,675 
531,100 

29.900 


$10,981,882 

84.5.810 

7.973,962 

4,096.730 

11,261.970 

252.2.55 

1,709.867 

905.S8O 

.371.600 

2,867,880 

94.24.5 

14086,071 




a3i 

4,584 

1,112 

15 

63 

619 

248 

494 

825 


$443 .347 






14 869 889 


C<in^rei;;itinnal 




8,973.888 
108,100 


Dutch Eeformetl ... 










Frt-e 




690.065 






3,268 122 


German Reformed 


Ullivi'rsalist 


1.707,015 
741,980 




Total 




Mentmnite 


36,011 


13,849,896 


86,410,639 


Mt'llKKiisL 


12.467 4.209..333 



















N. B. The above tables do not include the church statistics of the District of Columbia and the Territories, 

III.— AG-EICITLTUEAL STATISTICS. 

1. A Statement shou-ing the number of Acres of improved and unimproved Land, in Farms, the 

cash value thereof, and the average casli, value per Acre, in each State and Territory. 



states and Territories. 



A res of im 


Acrea of untm 




Caali Tal. of land 


Average 




proved tnnd in 


Total. 


impioved and 


ca*li value 








unimproved. 


per acre. 


2.0.39.696 


2,61,5,797 


4.555.893 


$54,861,748 


$12 04 


2.251,488 


1,140,920 


8,392.414 


56.24.5.997 


16 28 


2.601.4ii9 


1,. 524.4 13 


4,125.822 


63 367.227 


15 36 


2,183.436 


1.222..576 


8.356,012 


109.070..347 


32 50 


.350.4,87 


197.4,51 


558.988 


17,070.802 


SO 83 


1,768.178 


61.5.701 


2*83.879 


72.720,422 


80 60 


12.408.903 


6,710.120 


19,119.088 


6.54.640.042 


29 00 


1.767,991 


984.9.55 


2.752.940 


120.237.511 


43 67 


8,028.619 


6.294.728 


14,923.3)7 


407 870,099 


27 33 


580,^02 


375.282 


9.50.144 


18.880.081 


19 75 


2,797.905 


1,830.4)5 


4,6.34,3.50 


87.178,5)5 


IS SI 


10,267 


11.187 


27.454 


1.780,460 


63 03 


10,360.136 


15.792.170 


26.1.52.811 


210.401.441 


8 27 


5,468.977 


]5..543,010 


20,9969-7 


67.801.760 


3 28 


4.O72.051 


12.14.5,049 


16.217.700 


82.431.684 


5 08 


6,378.479 


10.442.900 


22,821.879 


96,753.445 


4 19 


349.049 


1.236.210 


1,6,85.289 


632.3.11)9 


3 99 


4.4:».614 


7.702.067 


12,137.681 


64.333.224 


6 30 


8.444,358 


7.046.061 


10.490,419 


84,738 034 


5 22 


1,690,025 


8.989.01 S 


6.629.048 


76.814.398 


13 71 


639.107 


14,454.009 


16.093,776 


10.398.747 


1 09 


781.631 


1.816.084 


2,698,215 


15.206,245 


5 88 


5.175,173 


18,S0S.819 


18.984,022 


97.851.212 


5 16 


11,368.270 


10.972.478 


22.340.748 


1,54,330.202 


6 91 


9,851,493 


8,146.000 


17:997.493 


S58.7.58.0O3 


19 93 


1,929,110 


2.454,780 


4.383.890 


61,872.446 


11 83 


5.046.643 


7,746,879 


12,793.422 


136,3,85.173 


10 66 


5,039.5J5 


6.997.867 


12.037.412 


96.133 290 


7 99 


2,9.38.425 


6.791.246 


9.732.670 


63,225.813 


6 .50 


824.CS2 


1.911,382 


2.786.064 


10,6.57,567 


6 09 


1,045.190 


1,931.1.59 


2,976,653 


26 528,563 


9 .58 


62.324 


8,831.571 


8,893,895 


8,874.041 


99 


8,035 


23.846 


28.881 


161,948 


6 01 


182,a57 


299,951 


432.808 


2,849.170 


6 58 


16,838 


80,516 


40.849 


811.799 


05 


166,201 


124.370 


290,571 


1,658,952 


6 69 


118,457,622 


184,021,848 1 


803,078,970 


8,270,788,098 i 


iiv.10 79 



Maine 

I^ew Hampshire ... 

Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Kho<ie Island 

Connecticut 

New York 

New Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

Delaware 

Maryland 

Di^lriet orCiilurabia 

Viri;inia 

North Carolina 

South Carolina 

Georaia 

Florida 

Alabama , 

Mississippi , 

Louisiana , 

Texas 

Arkansaa , 

Tennessee 

Kentucky 

Ohio 

Michigan 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Missouri 

I'lwa ' 

^Vi•>ronsin 

California , 

Minnesota Territory , 
Orceon do. 

T'lah do. 

New Mexico do. 

Aggregate ... 
16 



UNITED STATES OP AMERICA. 



2. 


Stalement of Ih 


e Food 


Crops for the Year ending 1st June, 1850. 






VV|,.,,i, 
btiahela 


Rye, 

bustiels. 


Ind. Corn. 
Ijiijliels. 


Oat», 

bu,l,el3. 


Bnrley, 

busli-flB. 


B'kwheat, 
busbeU, 


Rice. 


re.18 and 
U...111., 
bu.beU. 


Potatiies. 


Ternu>ries.* 


Irisli, 
bublirls. 


Swetjl, 
busbels. 


Maine 


•Bi.'im 


102,916 


1.7.50.11.56 


2,181,037 


161.731 


104,.523 


_ 


205.541 


3.436.040 




New Hampshire. 


IS.i.fi.'iS 


183,117 


1.573 670 


973.3SI 


70,256 


65 265 


, 


70,856 


4.304.919 





Verin'^nt 


5:^.^.!l56 


176,23", 


2.032.396 


2.307,731 


42,15" 


209 819 





104.649 


4,961.014 





Massachuselts . . 


31,-.'ll 


4S 1,1 121 


2,345.490 


1,105,146 


112,3s5 


105,595 





43,7li9 


3.685.384 





Rhode Island . , . 


4'.l 


26,4119 


539,201 


215,232 


18,S75 


1.'215 





0.846 


661.1129 




Connecticut 


41.702 


6C0,S9S 


1.935,04.<i 


1.258.738 


19,095 


229,297 





19.090 


2.689.726 


80 


New York 


13.121.49S 


4,US,1V2 


17,853,1011 


26„552,S11 


3,686.1 i6S 


3,183,9,55 





741,616 


15,398,362 


5,623 


New -lersev 


1,6111,191 


1,255.57s 


!-.7.59.70J 


3,378.063 


G.192 


878.934 





14,174 


3,207.236 


608.016 


Pennsvlvania . . . 


15,367.691 


4,SU5,16o 


19.S35.214 


21,638.156 


1C5,5S1 


2,193.692 





56.231 


6.980,732 


62.172 


Delaware 


4.S2,.in 


S.066 


. 3.145,542 


604,518 


56 


8.616 





4.120 


240,542 


66.443 


Marvland 


4,494.681 


226,1114 


11.104.631 


2,242,151 


745 


103,671 





12.816 


764,939 


208,99.3 


Di3. of Columbia. 


17.3-1 


6,5119 


65,230 


8.131 


7,5 


37s 


. 


7,7.51 


23,292 


8,497 




11 0;^') fiir 


45S 931 


35 '"'51 319 


10,179,016 
1 062.078 


25,437 
2,735 


214.S9S 
16.704 


17.161 
6.465.868 


,521,681 
1.5S4.2.52 


1,316,983 
620,318 


1,813,671 
5,096.709 


North Carolina.. 


2,1.30,1112 


229,563 


27,941,051 


South Carolina.. 


1,0C6.'>77 


43,790 


16.'271,4.54 


2.322.1.55 


4„583 


2.83 


159.9311 613 1 li'>6 91111 


136,,(91 


4.337.469 


Oeoraia 


1,0S^,634 


63,750 


30,080,099 


8,820 011 


11,501 


2.50 


3^, ■,','..' .;:ii 


l.UJ.iill 'J'JT.-TO; 6,986.428 


Florida 


1.027 


1,1,52 


1,996,809 


66.686 





65 


] Il7", H'lll 


1:;,-. :,.V.I 7 s■•^' InTWf. 


Alabama 


291.11+4 


17,261 


2S,754,048 


2,965.697 


8,95S 


348 


2,311 '.".2 


>92.7ul 


'-'16,unl 5.475.204 


Mississippi 


137.990 


9,606 


22,446,652 


l,6o3.2S- 


229 


1,121 


2 719.,s56 


1,072,757 


2iil,482 


4,741.795 


Louisiana 


417 


475 


10.266.373 


89.637 


— 


3 


4,425,84a 


161,732 


96.632 


1,428,453 


Tex.as 


41,6S9 


8.1I1S 


5.926.611 


17S,883 


4,776 


69 


87.916 


179.332 


93,548 


1,323,170 


Arkansas 


199,C):)9 


S.047 


8.893.939 


6.56. iNl 


177 


175 


63.178 


285,738 


193,832 


788,149 


Tennessee 


l,619.3sl 


89.163 


52.276.223 


7.703.086 


2,737 


19,427 


268,a5i 


369,321 


1,067,814 


2,777,716 


Kentucky 


2.140,^22 


415,073 


58.675.591 


.8,2111,311 


95.34:J 


16.1197 


5,688 


202,574 


1,492,487 


998,184 


Ohio 


14,4X7 ,3.') 1 


42.5,7 1"* 


69.078.695 


13,172,742 


351,358 


638.061 


— 


60,1 6S 


5.057,769 


187,991 


Michigan 


4,9-'5,.S,S9 


105.S71 


,5.611.4211 


2,866,056 


75.249 


472.917 


— 


74,264 


2,359.897 


1,177 


Indiana 


6.214.4.'is 


73,792 


52,964.363 


5,6.55.014 


45,483 


149,740 





36,77i: 


2,0S3,:«7 


201.711 


Ilhnois 


9.414..')7,'j 


83.384 


57,646.981 


lo,OS7,'241 


1111 795 


184,.5li4 
23,611 




82,814 
46,017 


2..514.861 
939,006 


157,4.33 
835,505 


Missouri 


3.9^1. IBi 


44.26S 


86,214,537 


6,278,079 


9.631 


700 




l.SSii..^^! 


19.916 


8,656 799 


1 ,524 345 


'*b 093 


5'> .51 (} 


600 


4,776 
211.6.57 


276,120 
1,402,077 


6,343 
879 


"Wisconsin 


4,2S6,I31 


81,253 


1,988,979 


3,414,672 


209.692 


79,878 


California 


17,328 


— 


12,236 




9,712 


— 


— 


2.292 


9.292 


1,000 


Minn- Territory. 


1,401 


125 


16.725 


30,682 


1,216 


615 


— 


10.002 


21,145 


200 


Oregon Territory 


211,493 


106 


2.91S 


66,146 


— 


— 





6,666 


91.3'26 




Utah Territory.. 


107.702 


210 


9,899 


10,900 


1,799 


.332 





239 


43,963 


60 


New Mex. Ter. . 


19fi,,il6 


— 


365,411 


6 


5 


100 


— 


15,688 


3 




Aeffrecate 


lflO..'i03.S99 


14.1S<!.639 .592.326,61' 


116.567 8-9 


6.167.0111 


8,966.916 


216,312,710 


9,219.976 


65.796.793 88,2.59.196 



3. Slatement of Livt-Slock in the several Slates, for the year ending \st June, 1850. 



States and Territoriea. 



Maine 

New Hampshire .... 

Yerraonl 

Massachusetts 

Rhode Island 

Connecticut 

New York 

New .Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

Delaware 

Maryland 

District of Columbia. . 

Virginia 

North Carolina 

South Carolina 

Georgia 

Florida 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

Louisiana 

Texas 

Arkansas 

Tennessee 

Kentucky 

Ohio 

Michigan 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Missouri 

Iowa 

Wisconsin 

California 

Minnesota Territory .. 

Oregon Territory 

Utah Territory 

New Mexico "IVrrilory 

A.ggregate . 



41 
■34. 
61 
42. 
6. 
26. 

447. 
63. 

350. 
IS, 
T6. 



14S 
97, 

151. 
10, 

128, 

115, 
89. 
75: 
60. 

27i', 

815. 

463, 
58, 

814. 

267. 

326. 
38. 
.30, 
21 



,721 
2.33 
,067 
.216 
168 
.879 
.014 
955 
.398 
8.52 
,6S4 
.824 
.403 
.693 
,171 
331 
848 
,001 
.460 
,.514 
419 
,197 
,636 
,682 
,•397 
.506 
,299 
.653 
.299 
536 
,179 
.719 
860 
,046 
,429 
,079 



Aesea and 
mules. 



55 

19 

218 

34 

1 

49 

963 

4.089 

2,259 

791 

5,644 

67 

21,480 

26.2.59 

87.483 

57.879 

5.002 

59.895 

64.617 

44.S49 

12.364 

11.6.59 

75.:iii3 

65.609 

3.423 

70 

6.,599 

10 573 

41,067 

7,54 

156 

1,666 

14 

420 

.325 

8,664 



4,336,858 I 6.59,229 



183,6.56 

94.277 

146.128 

130.099 

28.698 

88.461 

93 1. .324 

118,736 

6311,224 

19,248 

86,859 

813 

817,619 

221,799 

193.214 

8.34.223 

72.876 

227,791 

214.'231 

106.576 

214.768 

93,161 

250,456 

217,475 

544,499 

99,676 

234,5.54 

294.671 

230,169 

45,704 

64,339 

4,280 

607 

9,427 

4,861 

10.635 



6.392.044 



83.893 
59,027, 
48,577 
46,611 

8.189 

46 988 

178.909 

12,070 

61,527 

9,797 
34,135 
104 
89,513 
87,809 
20.607 
73.286 

6,794 
06,961 
83,485 
64,968 
49,982 
34,239 
86,2.55 
62.074 
66,381 
65.350 
40.221 
76,156 
112,163 
21 ,892 
42,8111 

4,780 
665 

8,114 

5,266 
12,257 



Otlier oallle., Sbeep, 



126,890 
114.606 
164.143 

83,2.84 
9,376 

80,226 
767,406 

80,455 
562,195 

24,166 

98,695 
123 
669,137 
434.402 
563.935 
690.019 
18'2,415 
4*1,263 
436.254 
414.798 
636,805 
165.320 
414.051 
442.763 
749,067 
119,471 
3s9,891 
.541.209 
449,173 

69.025 

70.293 

253,599 

740 

24,188 
2,489 

10,085 



451. .577 

884,756 

1,014,122 

18S.651 

44.296 

174,181 

3,453,241 

160,488 

1,822,.367 

27.503 

177,902 

150 

1,810,(04 

695.249 

286.651 

660.435 

2,3,311 

371.8,80 

.304.929 

110,333 

99,098 

91,256 

811.591 

1.102.121 

8.948.929 

746.485 

1,122.493 

894,043 

762,511 

149,960 

124,892 

17,574 

80 

16,382 

3.262 

377,271 



M„598 

63,.I87 

66.296 

81.119 

19,509 

76,472 

1,018.262 

250,370 

1,040,306 

.56,261 

862,911 

1,635 

1,-830,7*! 

1.812,813 

1.065,503 

2,163,617 

209,4,53 

l,9li4„540 

1,682,7.34 

597,301 

6,83,614 

836,727 

8,101,800 

2,861 ,1 63 

1,9M,770 

206,s47 

2.253,776 

1,915.910 

1,7112,625 

3.'.3 2 17 

1.59.276 

2.776 

7.34 

80,236 

914 

7.314 



Value of 
liie.eUitk. 



*9,706,726 

S,S71.901 

12,64!,22S 

9,647,710 

1.532,637 

7,467,490 

78,570,499 

10,679,291 

41,500,1153 

1.849.281 

7,997.634 

71.643 

8.3.656,659 

17,717,64- 

16,060,015 

25,738,410 

2,880,058 

21.690,112 

19.403.663 

11.1.52.'275 

10,266,880 

6.617,969 

29.978,016 

29,.'.9 1.337 

44.121.741 

8.00S,7.'« 

22.178,565 

24,209,258 

19,892,680 

3.6=9.275 

4,S9r,395 

S,:»l,058 

92,869 

1,876.189 

.546.968 

1.494,629 



1.699,241 i 10,26S,866i 21.721,811 8n,316.608613.960.420 

n 



UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 



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f to' CO ci i~-^ r~-' CO -* -a" cj c^ o> 00 CI If 

-^ "^ rH rH Oi gj — ' rH t- C* 0> CO f 
rH C*C* rH 



10 CO iQ no ■ 

to to 10 OJ I 
00 in ci tn ■ 

Ci 00 LO CO I 

■3.-^_.to ! 



i'QOoaDa)-*'-HCcr-oot»toogpioTiiJOrHTr«OrHooorH'»j-coc 
r. rH m to CD r- m •»■ CO -s- o t- CO o o LO r^ ••»• o CO ci 10 •*< 00 -H CO cl f: 
r. -H c", CI CO in o 00 rH to •-;fv*i,^"J' cotorHGQClastocitjr^'3;cDt 
(■ ("^ -r in if r-T in o oi cJo CI t^ 10 ci 1" !o -^'oD 'J' t 

■*I^COCOOi rHinCIrH'I'inOCr. COCI'J'rH r 

rH rH CO ri CO -^ in 



I S I ci 



I I I I M I I I I M 



r- 0-. -i^ ^ ■;; ^. ; 



CJ 00 -^ 

C" in , rH 



t^oci-^fooor~iotoCTi 



II II II I I I I 



I IS I 



■♦■crio--' t^ooptoio-r-va 

rj CD rH I, -; C-. i^ rH CD CD O* — ff. 
C r- CO to I ^r CD CI t- Oi o: to Cl 



^ CO to I ^ CD 01 



-J- -1" CO rD - 
O 00 I- CI ov t 
OOCj ^fOir 



to t-~ c 

c; OD n 



Rge 



:i = l 






■^ if""'in>— C Ci- I- tD-c S oD -,7 n c i> -1 - 6ii c .2 r 

■= = s i 5 s t-- 55 « ixi si fl i I =2° e ° I 



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UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 



5. Statement of the Products of Animals for the year ending \st June, 1850. 



gt,lIot «iid 


U.K.I. 


Bullrf. 


(■1I.-H..., 


\„kiM.,f ,„i 


St:.rp^ .-.nJ 


W,.,.l. 


Hi.u.-r, 


Ch.-r,s.- 


v.il.ie ..frtnt- 


Terninriea. 


r..i.n.i,, 


,,„„„.f,. 


p.Hl.l.ls. 


.Sl,li46,773 


IfirnHiti.^^, 


p,.u„d,. 


,.„u„J., 


|„.u.„l.. 


i..«ls»l...6l,t. 


Maine 


1.364,034 


9,343,811 


2,434 454 


Lduisinna ... 


109,897 


68:1.069 


1.9,57 


1,4.58.990 


N. IlHinpshire 


1,108.476 


6.977,056 


3 19(1 563 


1,. 5.52 873 


T.-.xas 


131,374 


2,32(1,.556 


94,619 


1,106.032 


Vermont 


3,400,717 


12 137,98 . 


8,730,K14 


1.861 :);i6 


Arkriiieas 


182,595 


I 854,2,39 


30.088 


1.162913 


MaseachuS' tt§ 


855 13K 


8,071.37.1 


7,088 142 


2.,5:»l,924 


1 ennrssee . . . 


1,364 378 


8,139,585 


177.081 


6,401,765 


Rhoile Island 


12i),6!l2 


995 67C 


316,.).,h 


«67 4811 


Kentucky 


2 297,403 


9,887,523 


2l:l.954 


6,4()2„5!I8 


Cunii.-fti.ut . 


4!I7 454 


5.498,11'.: 


5,3113,277 


2,202,266 


Ohio 


10,196,371 


34 449.379 


20,819,542 


7,4:19,243 


New Yurk..., 


10.071 301 


79.766,094 


40,741 4i:: 


13 573.983 


Mirhigfin 


2.043 283 


7,065,878 


1,011.492 


I.;i28.:i27 


New jHi-8cy. .. 


375,3!i6 


9.4873U 


305 756 


2,038 .1.52 


Indiaiiji 


3,610,287 


12,881,53:5 


624,564 


6,.567,935 


PenneylvHiiia 


4481.570 


39,878,418 


2,50.5,034 


8.219,484 


niinoia 


2,150 113 


12 526,513 


1,278,225 


4,972.286 


DelHWiire 


57,7tB 


1,0.55,3 .8 


3,187 


37:1,(165 


Missouri 


1.627.164 


7.8:14,359 


203 57; 


3,367.106 


MarylHiHi .... 


480,826 


3,806,16, 


3,975 


1,«.54.8:I0 


lovvti 


373.898 


2,171,188 


209,810 


821,164 


Dist.iif Oolum 


.53.5 


14.87^ 


l,,50li 


9 038 


Wisconsin ... 


253.963 


3,63:1,750 


400.283 


920,178 


Vir-.'inm .... 


2,86n,7t>3 


11 C89 358 


436,298 


7,503.0116 


Ci.lifiii'nin 


5,52J 


705 


150 


100,173 


N. Carolina .. 


1170,738 


4,146 29J 


95,921 


5 767,8.511 


Minn 'IVr 


85 


1,100 


— 


2,840 


S. Carolina . . . 


487,233 


2 981.8511 


4,970 


1,302,(13- 


Ui'fgon 'IVrr. . 


29 686 


211,464 


36,980 


164,530 


Gf-oraia 


aao,iJi9 


4.640,559 


46.976 


6 339,7112 


Utairrerritni-y 


9,222 


83.309 


30.996 


67.985 


FlfJiiiirt 


23.247 


371 498 


18,015 


514,685 


Nt-w MeX Tcr. 


32,901 


111 


848 


82,125 




657.118 
.559,619 


4.008 811 
4,346.i34 


31 41"^ 


4 8'i3 485 












Mississjpjii . . 


21.191 


3,036 .582 


Assrcsftt.'. . 


52 789 174 


313.206,962 


10,5..535.8I9 


109,485,7.57 



6. Absolute and Relative Movement of Stocky Products^ etc., 1840 and 1850. 



St.irk.proJutts, etc. 

Horses 

Assps and mules 

Miieh cows 

Working oxen 

Other cattle 

Sheep 

Swine 

Wonl 

Wheat.., 

Kye 

Indian corn 

Oals 

Barley 

Buckwheat 

Rice 

Tobacco 

Cotton 

Susar — cani} 

" maple 

Hemp — (lew-rntieii . . . 

" water-rotled . . 

Flax 

ILay 

Hops 

Potatoes— Irish 

" sweet 

Wine 

Silk cocoons 

Value of h'tme-made 
mauuTaclures 



} 4,335, 



,6G9 head 



14,971,586 



19.311 
26.:i01 
35.802, 
84.82.9. 
18,(545. 

377 531 

123 071 
4 161 
7.291 
80.841 

219.16:3. 

790.479, 



,.374 " 
293 " 
114 pounds . 
.272 hushcls . 
,.56T " 
,875 •' 
341 " 
604 " 
,718 " 
422 pounds . 
.319 " 
275 " 



155,110,809 



10.5431 
1.238,5 



108 " 

1,502 pounds . 
■ 108,298,060 bushels . 

124.T34 pallons 
61,552 pounds . 

29,023,330 dollars , 



( 



4,:1.3.5, 

,569, 

6.392, 

1.699, 

10,208, 

21.721 

.SO 116. 

52,789, 

100,503, 

14,|.ss 

692,:!2G. 

146,507. 

6,167 

8.950 

215,:!12. 

199.7.52, 

987.449 

34 249, 

S4T,5S1, 

S:i, 

1. 

7.71.5, 

l.S.S:)^ 

M.4'i6, 

65.796. 

88,2,59, 

221 

10, 

27,481, 



Sfl8 head* . 

229 " * . 
,014 " 
,241 " 

,^5(i " 

,814 •' 
■,608 " 

174 pounds . 
.819 liushes . 

639 " 

612 '■ 

S79 " 
,1116 " 

916 " 
,710 pounds . 

646 " 

fiiO " 
,886 " 
,000 " 
.294 Ions 
,799 " 
,961 pounds . 
.579 loiLs 
.(J29 poiinils , 
.S biislu-ls . 
,196 •■ 
.240 callous . 
,843 pounds , 

,399 dollars . 



;;[ 



Decennial Movement. 
558,918 head or 12.9 per cent. 



incr. 3,388,655 " or 22.6 

incr. 2,410,440 " or 12.4 

incr. 4.016.315 " or 16.3 

incr. 16.9^7,060 pounds or 47.4 

incr. 16 680.627 bushels or 18.5 

d«:r. 4,466.923 " or 23.9 

iiier. 214.794.787 " or 66.9 

JMor. 23.496..58S " or 19.9 

incr. 1.00.6.612 " or 241 

iw-r. 1.665,173 " or 22.8 
incr. 134.471,288 pounds or 166.3 

den: 19,410.678 " or 8.9 

incr. 19C.970,:325 " or 24.9 

• incr. 126,720,077 " or 81.6 

- deer. 56,.301 tons or 53.1 

incr. 8,590,471 " or .3.5.3 
invr. 2.257 527 pounds or 182.2 

• deer. 4.242.071 bushels or 3.9 
incr. 96 606 gallons or 77.3 
deer. 611,709 pounds or 82.3 

- dtcr. 1,641,931 dollars or 5.8 



IV. STATISTICS OF M ANDFACTDEES.' 
1. General Statistics. 



The entire capital inyested in the various manufactures in the Uniteil States on the 
1st June, 18;J0— not including any estalilishments producing less than the annual 

value of .f 500— amounted in round numbers to #5.30,000,000 

Value of raw material, fuel, etc., used during the preceding year f550,000,000 

Number of persons employed •« " 1050 000 

Aggregate cost of labor « " .$240,000,000 

Value of articles consumed " " .#1,020,300,000 

The total capital invested in m.anufactures in 1840, was $267,726,579, and hence the manufac- 
turing capital of the Union has duplicated in the succeeding decade. 

• In the census of 1S50, all horses, asses, and mules in cities are omitted, and those only or mainly employed in agri- 
culture enumerated. 



UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 



2. Statistics of the Principal Manufactures. 



COTTON GOODS. 



3,739 $2, 
13,122 
241 
28.730 
111.875 

C.186 

6,320 

1,712 

7,663 



WOOLEN GOODS. 



Maine 

New Hampshire 

Vermont 

Massacliusetls 

Rhode Island 

Connet'licut 

New Yorlt 

New Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

Delaware 

Maryland 

Virginia 

North Carolina 

South Carolina 

Georgia 

Florida 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

Louisinna 

Texas 

Arkansas 

Tennessee 

Kentucky 

Ohio 

Michigan 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Missouri 

Iowa 

Wisconsin 

Calit'ornia 

District of Columbia . 



12 
44 
9 
213 
158 
128 
86 
21 
208 
12 
24 
27 
28 
18 
35 



J3,329,700 

10,950.000 

202,500 

28,455,630 

6,675.000 

4,219.100 

4,176,920 

1,483.500 

4,528.925 

460.100 

2.2:16,000 

1.908,900 

1,058.800 

8.57.200 

1.736,156 

80,000 

651,900 

38,000 



16500 
669.600 
2:19,000 
297,000 

43,000 

102,000 



85,000 



1,573,1111 

1,(;39,42 

114.415 

..289,309 

1,484,579 

J,500,062 

l,98.j,973 

666,645 

1,152.530 

312.068 

1,165.579 

828,375 

531,903 

295.971 

900,419 

30,000 

237,081 

21,500 



8,975 
297.500 
1H0.90' 
237,060 

28,320 

86,446 



3,022 

2,963 

1,619 

1,019 

2 272 

'"95 

715 

36 



31 

891 
402 
401 

95 

155 



144 



Total . 



74,.50l, 031 34,835.0.56 



92,286 



,.596,356 
,830,619 
196,100 
,712,461 
,447,120 
,257,522 
,591,989 
,109,524 
.323.262 
538,439 
,120.504 
,486,384 
831,342 
748338 
,1.35.044 

49.920 
382,260 

30,500 



16,637 
510.624 
273,439 
394,700 

44,200 

142.900 



36 
61 
72 

119 
45 

149 

249 
41 

380 
8 
38 

121 
1 



4 

25 

130 

15 

33 

16 

1 

1 

9 

1 

1,559 



$467,600 

2,437,700 

886,300 

9,089.342 

1.013,000 

3,773,950 

4,459,370 

494,274 

3.005,064 

148,500 

244.000 

392,640 

18,000 

68,000 



8,000 

10,900 
249,820 
870.220 
94,000 
171.545 
154.500 
20,000 
10,000 
?1,225 



700 



J495,940 

1,267,329 

830,684 

8,671,671 

1,463,900 

3.325,709 

3,838,292 

548,367 

3,282,718 

204.r' 

165.568 

488.899 

13,950 

30,392 



10,000 

1,675 

205,287 

578,423 

43,402 

120,486 

115,36 

16,000 

3.500 

33,630 

1,630 



624 

2127 

l,39:i 

11.130 

1,758 

5,488 

6,674 

898 

5,726 

140 

362 

668 

30 

78 



17 
318 
1,201 
129 
246 
17 

25 



25 



753,300 
,127,745 
,579,161 
770,565 
.381,825 
,465,216 
,030,604 
,164,446 
,321,866 
251,010 
295,140 
841,013 
23,750 

88,750 



15,000 

6.310 

318,819 

1,111,027 

90,242 

205,802 

206,572 

56,000 

13,000 

87,992 



2,400 



28,118,650 



25,755,988 



,43,207,555 



MALT AND 8PIEITU0U3 LIQUORS. 



Capiul i[ 
vested. 



Qunntitles and kmda of grain, etc., consumed. 



iMsliels of 
bailey 



Bushels or Busliels of Iluslieb Biisliels Hliils.of 
■ye. of oata. ofai>ple9, Inola' 



liopj 



Quantities of liquor produced. 



pGal'ons of 
jWliisky an 
jLigh wines. 



Gallons of 
mm. 



Maine 

Vermont 

Massachusetts . 
Rhode Islimd .. 

Connecticut 

New York 

New Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

Maryland 

Virginia 

North Carolina 

South Carolina 

Georgia 

Alabama 

Louisiana 

Kentuc:ky 

Tennessee 

Missouri 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michi(^an 

Iowa 

Wisconsin 

New Mexico Ter. . . 

Utah Ti-rritory ... 

Dist. of Columbia 

Total 



$17,000 

7,000 

457,500 

17.0011 

15,.500 

2.585.900 

4119,6.55 

1,719.960 

247,100 

1(10,915 

21.930 

3,475 

7,150 

500 

8,500 

168,895 

66.125 

298.900 

1 262,974 

334,950 

303.400 

139.425 

19.500 

98,700 

7.300 

3.000 

12,000 



2,.500 
80,000 
12,500 

,0G-,>.2,50 
103,700 
550,105 
76,900 
30,000 



10.000 
65,650 
3,000 
124.440 
3:10,950 
118.150 
98,000 
32,030 

91,020 

1,000 
5,000 



19,400 

20,000 

1,647,266 

254.OOO1 

1,483,555 

166,100; 

250,700 

64,650 

18,100 

20,150 



551,350 

258,400 

309,200 

3,588,140 

1,417.990 

703.,500 

212,300 

51,1.50 

29,9'10 

2,000 



26.600 

20,000] 
990,067 

,58,400 
517.180 24,790 



6,707 



54,300 
62,080 
4,700 

2,500 



460 
450 



1,500 



30,,520 — 

5,480 — 

24.900 — 

281,750 19500 



48,700 
48.700 
19,1.50 
7,200' 
9,200 
12,900 



1.000 
2,200 



55,130 



10 

60,940 24,500 
409,700, — 
51,200 10 



5,000 



1 

29 

6 

2 

581 

42 

263 

25 

14 



10 
18 

31 
178 
18 
30 
16 



131 

9 

20 

1,380 

197 

911 

126 

133 

75 

33 

15 



274 

1,59 

179 

1,033 

287 

274 

98 

19 

98 

21 

3 

5 



800 
25,800 
3,900 

'644,700 
34.7,10 

189,581 

26,380 

5,500 



120,000 

130,000 
,231,700 
,250.530 
i,548,810 
787,400 
879,440 
153.030 
45,900 
60,450 



220,000 
3,786,000 



3,000 
19,500, 1 

44,8.50 
96,94311, 
11,005 4, 
27,9351 2, 
10,3201 

31,320 

300 
1,350 



1,200 
2,488,800 



1,500 



3,000 



,491,745 
6,57,000 
939,400 
,8< 5.150 
,639,900 
,315.000 
690,900 
160,000 
127,000 
42,000 



18,3.34.254 3,787.195 11,067,6712.143.927 .56517 526,840 61,675 1.K14 5,487 1,177,924 42,133,955,6.500,500 



UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 



Statistics of the Principal Manufactures — (continued). 





PIG IRON. 


CAST IRON. 


WEOUGHT IRON. 


STATES. 


- £ 


■a 

1 
c 

O 


*T3 

E S 

,_ 3 


> 


z = 


^ 


i -■ 


It 




> 


i-6 
> S 


11 




1 
1 

3 

6 

13 

IS 

10 

ISO 

IS 
29 
2 

8 
3 

23 
21 
36 
1 
2 
2 
6 

1 


$214,000 

2.000 

62.500 

469,000 

225.600 

606,000 

967,000 

8,670,425 

1,420.000 
518,800 
2.5,000 

26,000 

11,000 

1,021.400 

924,700 

1,603,000 

15.000 

72.000 

65.000 

619,000 

15,000 


$14,939 

4.9(l( 

40,175 

185,741 

2,89.2'26 

321.027 

332,707 

3,782,427 

560,726 
153,307 
27,900 

25,840 

6,770 

254.900 
260,1.62 
630,037 
14,000 
24.400 
16,600 
97,367 

8,250 


$36,616 

6.00(t 

68,000 

296,123 

415,600 

597,920 

660,544 

6,071,513 

1,056,400 
621,924 

12,500 

67,300 
22,500 

676.100 
604,(137 
1,255.8,50 
21.000 
58.000 
70.200 
314.600 

27,000 


25 

26 

26 

68 

20 

00 

823 

45 

820 

13 

16 

64 

6 

6 

4 

10 

s 

8 
2 

16 
20 
183 
63 
14 
29 
6 
8 
15 
1 
2 


$1.50,101 
232.700 
290.720 

1,499,050 
428.S(I0 
6S0.800 

4.6'.'2.4S2 
503.260 

8,422,924 
878,500 
369,100 
471,160 
11. ,600 
185,700 
35,000 

216.625 

100.(100 

2.55,0011 

16,000 

139.500 

602,200 

2,06:i,(h5O 

196,450 

82,900 

260.400 

187.00(1 

5,500 

116,350 

5.000 

14,000 


$11*^670 *'*R-'. oim 


2 

8 

6 

1 

IS 

60 

53 

131 

2 

17 

39 

19 

3 

1 

42 
4 
11 

3 

2 


1 




New Hampshire 

Vermont 

Massjchusetta . . 
Rhode Island . . 

Connecticut 

New York 

New Jersey 

Pennsylvania. .. 

Delaware 

Maryland 

Virginia 

North Carolina . 
South Carolina . 

Georgia 

Florida 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

Louisiana 

Texas 

Arkansas 

Tennessee 

Kentucky 

Ohio 

Michigan 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Missouri 

Iowa 

Wisconsin 

California 

D. of Columbia. 


177,060 

160.003 

1,057.904 

268.267 

351.369 

2,393,768 

301,048 

2,372,467 

153,8.62 

259.190 

297,014 

8,341 

29,128 

11.950 

102,085 
50,370 
75.300 
8,400 

90,035 

295,533 

1,199,790 

91,865 

66,918 

172.330 

133,114 

2. .524 

S6.980 

8.530 

18,100 


371,710 

460.831 

2,235,635 

728,705 

981.400 

5.921,980 

686.430 

5,854.881 

267,462 

685.000 

674.416 

12.867 

87,683 

46,200 

271.126 

117.400 

312J500 

65,000 

264,.325 
744,316 
3,069..3.>0 
279,697 
149, '30 
441,185 
836,495 
8.500 
216.196 
29,740 
41,696 


$4,000 

62.700 

610.800 

20S.000 

629,600 

1,131.300 

1,016,.848 

7,620.066 

15.000 

780,660 

791.211 

108,000 

9,200 

2,500 

755.050 
176,000 
620,800 

17,000 

42,100 


$5,600 

60.194 
221,194 
111.760 
858.780 
838,314 
82(1.950 
6,488,391 

19,600 
439,611 
591,448 

28.114 

M36 
3,000 

385.016 
180,8(1(1 
604,498 

4,425 

24.609 


$10,400 
163,986 
42S.320 
222.400 
667.560 

1,423.968 
629,278 

8,902.907 
66,090 
771,481 

1,264,995 
66,980 

15.384 

7,500 

670,618 

299,700 

1,076,192 

11,760 

68,700 


Total 


877 


17,346,426 


7,005,289 


12,748,777 


1,391 


17,416,.561 


10..346,855!25,10S.155 


422 


14,495.220'9,69S,109 16,747,074 



V. INTERNAL IMPEO VEM ENTS. — R AI LE O A D S , ETC. 

In no other particular can the prosperity of a country be more strikingly manifested than by the 
perfection of its roads and other means of intern.al communication. The system of railroads, ca- 
nals, plank-roads, post-routes, river navigation, and telegraphs possessed by the United States, 
presents an indication of its advancement in power and civilization more wonderful than any other 
feature of its progress. In truth, the country in this respect occupies the'first place among the 
nations of the world. 

The primary design of nearly .all the great lines of railway in the United States has been to con- 
nect the sea-coast with the distant interior ; to effect which object it was necessary to cross the 
Alleghanies, which intersect every line of travel diverging to the West from the great commercial 
cities of the sea-board. 

The following are some of the v.ast enterprises which h.ave been undertaken to accomplish this 
great purpose, which have either been finished or are in such a state of progress as leaves no doubt 
of their being brought to a successful issue within a few ye.ars : 

First. The railroads connecting Portland, the commercial capital of Maine, with the British 
provinces, and through their public works, the St. Lawrence River and the lakes, with the West- 
ern St.ates of the Union. 

Second. The railroads from Boston westward, connecting at Albany with the roads of Centr.al 
New York, and, by the more northern route, traversing New Hamjishire and Vermont, continuing 
toward the West by the Ogdensburg Railroad, and bringing Montreal, the chief commercial city 
of Upper Canada, into communication with the capital of New England. 

Third. The New York and Erie Railroad, extending from New York city to Lake Erie, and 
intended to form a part of a continuous line from the Hudson to the Mississippi — a project likely 
to be effected within the ensuing ten years. 

Fourth. The Pennsylvania Central Railroad, from Phil.adelphia to Pittsburg, with numerous 
diverging branches, to points north and south of the general direction. This great route will 
reach St. Louis by a nearly due west course through Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois. The Pennsyl- 
vania eeotion will be completed about the end of 1853. 



UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 



Fifth. The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, one of the most magnificent works of the day, 
passes from Baltimore, through Maryland and Virginia, to Wheeling, on the Ohio. At the latter 
point it will form a connectian with the system of roads traversing the West and North-west. 

Sixth. The roads proposed to be constructed under authority of Virginia, and already com- 
menced, intended to establish communication between tide-water and the interior, and south- 
western parts of that State, and to continue the same through Tennessee to the Mississippi. 

Seventh. The several lines of railroad from Charleston and Savannah, penetrating South Caro- 
lina and Georgia, concentrating in north-eastern Alabama, and reaching the level region of the 
Mississippi by the valley of the Tennessee River. These roads, by their western continuation, 
will intersect lines running to every important point between the mountains and the Mississippi 
River. 

Eighth. The Mobile and Ohio Railroad, from the Mexican gulf to the mouth of the Ohio, and 
the Illinois Central Railroad to the lakes, a distance in a straight line of about 1,100 miles. 

It will be seen at a glance that the leading idea in all these vast enterprises was to overcome the 
barrier presented by this chain of mountains, to a direct and unrestricted intercourse between the 
sea-board and the West, and to supply the want of those natural channels of commerce, navigable 
rivers, extending into the section we desire to reach. The enormous aggregate of expense of the 
numerous works specified above, undertaken with this one object, and their importance as public 
improvements, may be estimated from the following brief notice of the New York and Erie Rail- 
road, which occupies the third place in our preceding enumeration : The longest continuous line 
of railroad in the world, and that in the construction of which the greatest natural obstacles have 
been overcome, is that which extends from the Hudson River, through the southern counties of 
New York, to Lake Erie. Its length is 469 miles, and it has branches of an additional length of 
68 miles. Nearly its whole course is through a region of mountains. The bridges by which it is 
carried over the Delaware and Susquehanna rivers, and other streams, and the viaducts upon 
which it crosses the v.alleys that intercept its route, are among the noblest monuments of power 
and skill to be found in our country. The most of these works are of heavy masonry ; but one of 
them is a wooden bridge, 187 feet in height, with one arch, the span of which is 275 feet. One of 
the viaducts is 1,200 feet long, and 110 feet high. The aggregate cost of this important work was 
$23,580,000, and the expense of construction was $42,333 per mile. 

The following table presents, in a convenient form, some of the principal facts connected with 
railroads in the United States on the 1st January, 1852 and 1853. 



Miles orrail- 
r.iad in cou ra« 
of construction. 



Miles of rail- 
States, etc. road com- 
pleted. 

Maine 815... 

New Hampsbire . . 4S9 — 

Vermont 880.-- 

Maasachusetls 1,089. . . . 

Khode Island 50 82. 

Conneelicul 547 261. 

New York 1,826 745. 

NewJersey 226 111. 

Pennsylvania 1,146 774 



Total. 



Delaware 45 . 

Maryland 876 . 

Virginia 478. 

North Carolina.... 249. 

South Carolina S40. 

Georffia 754. 

Florida — . 

Alabama 121 . 

Mississippi 98. 

Louisiana 63. 

Texas — . 

Tennessee 112. 

Kentueky 93 . 

Ohio 82S. 

Michigan 427. 



. 74S., 
. 414. 
.1,892. 



442 
536 
439 

67 1,156 

. 82 
. 808 
.2,571 
. 3.37 
.1,920 
. 56 
. 501 
.1,296 
. 634 
. 688 
. 983 

". 811 
. 366 
. 63 
. 33 
. 860 
. 507 
.2,720 
427 



11. 
125. 

818. 



190. 
278. 



Indiana 600 915 1,515 

Illinois 176 1,409 1.635 

Missouri — 515 515 

Wisconsin 20 421 441 



10,843 



10,893 



21,741 



States. 



Total. 



SOS 
542 

427 
1,206 



186i 

^o. of miles in No. ofmiles in 

operation. pn^ress. 

Maine 394 Ill 

New Hampshire.. 500 42 

Vermont 427 — 

Massachusetts 1,140 66 

Khode Island 50 82 

Connecticut 637 198 825 

New York 2,128 924 8,04T 

NewJersey 254 85 839 

Pennsylvania 1,244 908 2,147 

Delaware 16 11 21 

Maryland .'521 — 621 

Virginia 624 610 1,284 

North Carolina .. . 249 24S 49T 

South Carolina 599 296 895 

Georgia 857 691 1,648 

Florida 23 

Alabama 236 

Mississippi 95 

Loui-siana 63 

Texas 82 — 82 

Tennessee 185 609 694 

Kentucky 94 661 755 

Ohio l.,385 1,755 8.140 

Indiana 755 979 1,784 

Michigan 427 — 42T 

Illinois 296 1,772 2,068 

Missouri — 515 515 

Wisconsin !iO 470 620 



72S. 
875. 
200- 

609 ! 
661. 



964 
970 



Total 13,266 12,681 25,94T 



Measures are in progress for establishing railroads in California, with the object of connecting 
San Francisco with some of the principal towns of the State ; and no doubt, ere the lapse of many 
years, that important division of the Union will be in possession of as large a proportion of these 
facilities for travel and business as her population and resources require. 



SI 



UNITED STATES OP AMERICA. 



From the brief sketch of American railroads should not be excluded some mention of several 
projects which are not only closely connected with the interests of the United States, but possess 
something of national importance. The first of these, in point of vastncss of design, is the enter- 
prise of building a railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean. The routes propose4 
in this great work are almost as numerous as the persons who claim the merit of having first sug- 
gested .and brought forward the scheme of thus completing the chain of railroad connection between 
the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of the Union. No scientific survey of any route west of the fron- 
tier of Missouri has been made, but it is not probable tliat any could be found that would bring 
the line of travel between the Mississippi and the ocean within the limit of 1,G00 miles. 

The natural obstacles to be overcome are the Rocky Mountains and the Sierra Nevada, the 
deserts between the Missouri and the former chain, and those of the great basin, the flying sands, 
and the want of timber. Further explorations may lead to the discovery of means to overcome 
these difficulties. Should the cost not exceed the average of Western roads, it would form no ob- 
jection to the enterprise, since it would be only about $32,000,000, or only twenty-five per cent, 
more than has been expended upon the Erie Railroad— less than fifty per cent, greater than the 
aggregate expenditure upon the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, and not two-thirds of that incurred 
by the State of Massachusetts on her railroads. The only question, then, affecting the probabil- 
ity of the construction of the Pacific Railroad is that of practicability. 

This can only be determined by thorough surveys of some or all of the routes proposed, from 
the valley of the Rio Grande, the Arkansas, the Missouri, and the Upper Mississippi. If this 
road were completed, and the route continued westward by steamship to Calcutta, it would reduce 
the time required for the circuit of the globe, by the American overland route, to 93 days, as 
follows : from New York to San Francisco, 4 days ; to Hong-Kong, 2.5 days ; to Calcutta, days ; 
to Bombay, 13 days ; to England, 3.5 days ; to New York, 10 days. Total, 93 days. 

Another project for connecting, by the means of cheap and rapid conveyance, the two coasts of 
our confederacy, which deserves, as it has received, very great attention, is the proposition to 
build a railroad across the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, in Mexico. Its feasibility is established. 
The length of the road, according to the report of the surveyors, will be 166 miles from sea to 
sea ; but only about 80 miles from the head of n.avigable water on either side. 

The cost of the road, with all the necessary equipments, station-houses, etc., is estimated at 
97,848,000. The time expected to be required for its construction is three years. With this 
connecting link of communication completed, the voyage from New Orleans to San Francisco will 
be performed in eight or nine days. 

For the purpose of comparison, the subjoined statement has been prepared, showing the number 
of miles of railroads, with their costs, according to the most generally received authorities in all 
the countries of Europe in which those improvements have been introduced : 



COUNTRIES. 



Oreat Britain and Ireland 

German States, including Prussia and Austria 

France 

Belgium 

Russia 

Italy 



6,S90 

5,.3S'2 

1,018 

832 

2(10 

ITO 



14,142 



Aggreg.ite cost. 



$1,21.1.000.0(10 
32.'>,ST.'J,000 
23S,9i '.'lOOO 
4C2S.-i.ii(lfl 
l.'i.O( (0.(100 
15,(l00,((0(l 



l,S59,U(i8,000 



Coal p. mile. 



$177,000 
C1,000 
2,14,000 
49.000 
7S,000 
88,000 



131,300 



By these statistics it is made to appear that the average cost of European railroads was $131,300 
per mile. The average cost of American railroads completed previous to the commencement of the 
present year was $34,307 per mile. The excess of expenditure, therefore, in the construction of 
European roads over those in the United States, is $9.5,993 per mile, or about'280 per cent. ; but 
it may be remarked that the average cost of construction in the United States of all the roads does 
not exceed $27,300 per mile ; so that the actual excess is $103,000 per mile. 

The foregoing statements develop the striking fact that the United States possess an extent of 
railroad nearly equal to that of the rest of the world combined ; and, at our present rate of pro- 
gression, we are likely, in a few years, far to exceed it. / 

23 : 



UNITED STATES OP AMERICA, 



VI. — COMMEUCIAL STATISTICS. 
1. Statistical View of the Commerce of the United Slates, exhibiting the Value of Exports to 
and Imports from each Foreign Country, and the Tonnage of American and Foreign Vessels 
arriving from and departing to each foreign country, during the year ending June 30, 1850. 





COMMKRCE. 


NAVIGATION, 


COUNTRIES. 


VAT.0E OF ESPOKT9. 


ports. 


AUERICA>' TONKAGE 


FOREIGN TONNAGE. 




DoniP^tic 
proilure. 


Foreign pre 
duce. 


Tot.l. 


Entered 

the 
U. Sliaes. 


Cleared 
from llie 
U. StnleH, 


Entered 

tlie 
U. St.ifc«. 


Cleared 
from the 
U. Slutes. 




1666.4.35 
m.U6 
668,580 
98 176 
165.874 
867.140 
4,820,730 

2,188,101 

180,538 

864.335 

97.014 

2,168.867 

64,686 969 

8.021 740 

1.025,031 

186.307 

75.829 

502.613 

143,219 

171.984 

502.776 

8.612.802 

4,641,461 

8,1I6.&40 

16,9«.791 

1,015.486 

269.877 

2.517 

43 406 

12,575 

605.669 

8,266,.362 

20.624 

16,817 

4,530 2I>6 

816,062 

172,978 

186,874 

14,421 

47,043 

1,667,166 

50.677 

170,764 

45,664 

1,179.893 

204,397 

1,211,007 

1,498 791 

57,225 

970.619 

678,462 

2,723"767 
718.831 
60.024 
1.297.133 
■ 258.989 
1,485,961 

6T934 
22,256 

816.463 

730.932 

169.025 

24.414 


$198,606 

27.991 

51,610 

1,166 

20.7li6 

114 818 

885,742 

416,564 

262,952 
56.683 
6,*26 

875 403 
4,210.271 

183.679 
42.693 
60,482 
.39,061 

156,846 

16.551 

22.663 

178.644 

1,289,370 

501,374 

1.724,916 
168,165 
18,291 

1.382 
2,200 

28..55S 
96,866 
5.006 
1.450 
460.041 
9S,,691 
6.236 
6.627 
2152 
2.167 
289.904 
18.024 
86,136 
23.468 

312.111 
53.:M4 
139,181 
614.036 
12.967 
286,600 
340,003 

478 847 
846 311 
1.618 
125,588 
16.789 
119,266 

50,442 

18.821 
28.3.34 
20,8.37 
10,511 


$864,941 

98 (i36 

7211 190 

99:M2 

ISO 6X0 

9S1.9.iS 

6.200,522 

2,6M.665 
448,485 
421,018 
102.489 

2 543.760 
68 897.230 

8,206419 

1,1167,724 
246 789 
114.3SII 
(»,l.4'i9 
143,219 

188,536 

525,439 

3.791.446 

5,930,821 

3,618.214 

18.669,706 

1,173 641 

287.668 

2617 

44.787 

14,776 

634.217 

8,86.3.217 

25 5.89 

18 267 

4,990.297 

909 6.63 

178.214 

148.401 

16 673 

49 210 

1.807,070 

6:!.601 

256.900 

69.132 

1.492,004 
267,741 
1.360 1.S8 
2.012.827 
70.192 
1,266,219 
1,018.470 

8.197.114 
l.l:64,M2 
61 .'42 
1.422.721 
276.728 
1,605,217 

67 9.34 
72,698 

828 784 
769.260 
189.862 
84.925 


$1,511,672 

27 469 

1.032.117 

2.193 

527 

267.4'J9 

3,787,874 

1,686.967 

444,404 

630.146 

71,043 

2,404,954 

72118 971 

2,746.670 

293.783 

44.269 

ll.Yvl 

2,80,6.1116 

72,206 

178.690 

14.691 

1.126.968 

4,285,470 

1,368.992 

497 

25885.170 

1,702 855 

75,684 

12.661 
10,006 

380181 

1,702 214 

85.223 

1.8-36.866 

10.292.398 

2.067.866 

339.763 

114.729 

10,.328 

2,106,077 

822,629 

205 

467,601 

801,023 

1,544.771 

2,135,.366 

261.469 

691.992 

1,920,247 

9,.324.429 
2,653,877 

1.796.877 

170.753 

6,593,462 

9.417 
80.659 

402,699 
624,722 

4.618 

64,474 

26 


12,877 

240 

8,891 

449 

896 

12.940 

28.831 

2.751 

17,884 

8.689 

22.964 

3 892 

23,033 

489 8:J9 

18.906 

10.022 

2,-384 

16S 

28,537 

778 

4886 

2,788 

69.302 

889.765 

122 

B5l65 
1,223 

106.807 

8.660 

2,869 

618 

1,224 

359 
17.583 
12,827 
2,173 
10.269 
249.807 
41.768 
2.768 
1.586 
1,050 

81,417 

1833 

6,701 

808 

4898 

6,076 

44,690 

22,585 

8.549 

104.176 

11.636 

S46 

62.966 

13,980 

90 

14.510 

S.M'O 

21,969 

993 

"945 
8.531 
1,101 
881 
9,267 
89,065 


5,048 

649 
2,454 

502 
19,375 
21,156 

14963 

4070 

9,283 

4,982 

21.428 

440.682 

15.759 

10.014 

7.6,60 

2.665 

29.889 

1,912 

841 

4.225 

11.642 

93.883 

919,516 

4137 

2.157 

75,298 

917 

114,689 

14,1.58 

11.227 

905 

1,834 

13.706 

9,867 

647 

3,166 

264.018 

80,744 

2,976 

4,132 

908 

1,886 

3.826 
7,791 
2.83T 

5,968 

2,689 

47,981 

20,518 

8,290 

101,763 

8,609 

887 

58,113 

16,107 

867 

41,279 

10,332 

17,s:iu 

1,039 

8,843 

1,366 

6,213 
8,492 
2,642 
299 
31,623 
88,787 


2,121 

23,564 

45 

592 

966 

65,664 

3,978 

11,967 

3,248 

123 

5,766 

421, .6-30 

56.1120 

77,.607 

290 

286 

616 

904 

49,230 

447,372 

1,0'« 

17,4M 

883,426 

32,637 
10,216 
4,627 

98 
266 

4,779 

22,894 

1,215 

1,176 

33,0811 

3,074 

5,018 

836 

1,717 

9,511 
7,399 
7,871 

2,205 

429 

6,289 

86,1139 
653 
5,296 
2,708 
1,280 
9,868 

13,081 
1,186 

18,369 
1,808 
7,445 

2,586 

384 
1,891 

828 
4,195 

468 


8,990 




1,887 




9,822 


Swedish West Indies 


882 




8,2:i2 
2,690 






68,016 




200 




22,763 


Dutch Kast Indies 


8,320 




'16I 




864 




4,068 




209,078 




17,276 




22,972 




806 


Malta 


456 




2,188 






Mauritiua 







1,9.32 


British Guiana 

British West Indies 


2,63T 
-39,071 




466,627 




12,420 


Falkland Islands 


8,798 


British American Colonies 

Other Britisti possessions 

France on the Atlantic 

France on the Mediterranean . . . 


621,112 

428 

17,616 

8,676 

211 


Miquelon and French Fisheries . 
French Guiana 


1,008 
98 




702 


French possessions in Africa 

Spain on the Athinlie 


180 
10,583 


Spain on the Mrdilerranean 

Teneriffe and niher Canaries 

Manilla and Philippine Islands. . 


84,297 
1,376 
2,592 

29,703 


Other Spanish West Indies 


8,103 
7,681 




1,.379 




161 




611 


Italy 




Sicily 


1,633 


Sardinia 


6,300 




960 






Trieste and r,iher Austrian porls. 


6,889 


Hayti 


8,127 


Mexico 


80,104 




1,722 




6,287 


Venezuela 


2,697 


Bolivia 


370 




8,569 


Argentine Republic 


9,260 


Cisalpine llepublic 


1,167 


Chili 


25,388 




7,840 




8,106 







West Indies generally 


348 


South America generally 


549 




_ 




681 


South Sea Islands 


1,477 




1,185 




11,970 


All other places 


866 


Total 


186.946,912 


14.951.808 


151.898.720 


17S.188.818 


2.578,016 


2,632,788 


1,775,6l!8 


1,728,214 


SI 



















UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 



2. Statement of the Commerce of each Stale, from July 1, 1849, to June 30, 1850. 









VALUE OF EXPORTS. 






VALUE OF IMPORTS. 


STATES. 


nOMESTIO PEODtrCE. 


FOBEIGN PEODDCE. 


ToWl of 

Atnericnn & 

foreign 

produce. 










In Ameriiaii 
vessel*. 


In Foreign 
vessels. 


ToUl. 


[n Amen 

can 
vessels. 


In Foreign 
vessels. 


Tol.1. 


vessels. 


vessels. 


Toul. 


Maine 


$1,135.99^ 


1400,820 


»1,6368I8 


* 14,664 


$6,530 


$20,094 


$1,5.56 912 


$609 155 


$247,256 


$856,411 


N. Hiimp. . . . 


2,S:i5 


6,887 


8.722 


— 


205 


205 


8,927 


19,962 


29.117 


49.079 


Vermonl 


404.74S 


— 


404.749 


26.157 


— 


26,167 


48.906 


463,092 


— 


463,092 


Massachua'.'s. 


7.0ii".lo:i 


l,253,.37n 


8,253,47? 


1,898.497 


529,79S 


2,42.8.290 


10,680.763 


22,106,011 


8,268.673 


30,374.684 


Ehode Kslami 


21 1.^ 9119 


330 


206.29£ 


9,966 


— 


9,906 


216 266 


251.708 


6 696 


268.303 


ConneeticuL . 


241.262 





241.262 


668 


— 


668 


241.9:iO 


811.927 


60.468 


872.390 


New York. . 


38.9.M,4^S 


7,568,391 


41,602,800 


7,086,687 


4,123.302 


11.209,989 


52,712,789 


88,147,721 


22,975 803 


111,123,.524 


New Jersey . 


— 


1.655 


1.655 


— 


— 


— 


1 656 


— 


1.494 


1,494 


PennBVlvania 


8,428,150 


621,314 


4,049,464 


363,226 


88,917 


452,142 


4,501,606 


10,795,462 


1,270,692 


12,066,164 


Delaware . . . 






















Maryland! . . . 


4,657.155 


1,932.296 


6,589.481 


2.50,861 


127,011 


877,372 


6,967..353 


6,529,682 


594,619 


6,124,201 


Dist. of Col.. . 


72.175 


8 213 
1,047.917 


S(i,;iss 


aoo 


— . 


200 


80,588 


59.219 


600 


.59.819 


Virginia 


2,-365,241 


3,413.168 


2,488 


— 


2,488 


8.415,646 


172 87', 


2.53 721 


426,699 


N.Carolina.. 


259i;l6 


166.885 


416,511 


— 


— 


— 


410 .501 


179 249 


14-1,44.3 


;J23.692 


8. Carolina . . 


6,467,2111 


4.979 691 


11.446 892 


400 


■ 508 


908 


11.447,800 


1,818,6.58 


620.127 


1,933.785 


Georgia 


2 622,1.')2 


4 929,791 


7,151.94.3 


— 


— 


— 


7„561.948 


306 883 


831) 081 


636.964 


Florida 


1.113 97S 


1 493 991) 


2 6117.96s 


15,656 


— 


15,656 


2.623,624 


80 241 


05.468 


95.709 


Alabama 


4 6111.515 


5,94;i,:M;i 


10 .544 s5- 


— 


— 


— 


10,544 868 


103,l:J4 


757.228 


865,362 


Louisiana . . . 


20,927,761 


10,770,526 


87,698,277 


328 930 


78,143 


407,073 


88,105.350 


8,107,929 


2,662,670 


10,760,499 


Mississippi.. . 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


Tennessee. .. 


— 


— 


— 




— 


— 


— 


27 966 


— 


27.966 


Missouri 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


359 643 


— 


859.643 


Ohio 


117.9S9 


99,54:) 


217,.632 


— 


lori 


100 


217,6.32 


398 999 


ia3.505 


582.504 


Kentucky . .. 


















— 


190 987 


— 


190,987 


Michigan 


57.232 


74.813 


132.045 


— 


— 


— 


182,045 


144102 


— 


144.102 


Illinois 


1,232 


16.437 


17,649 


. — 


, — 


— 


17.699 


7,78:3 


7.922 


15,705 


Texas 


— 


'.M,95s 


24,95.> 


— 


— 


— 


24,958 


14,652 


10,998 


25,660 


California ... 






















Oregon 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


Total.... 


89,616,742 


47,330,170 


136.946 912 


9 998.299 


495:5.509 


14.951.80s'l51.898.720 


1.39.657.048! 88.481.276 


178.138,810 



3. Statement of the Navigation of each State. 



STATES. 


TONNAGE ENTERED UNITED STATES. 


TONNAGE CLEARED FROM U. STATES. 




A-MEP-ICAN. 


FoKEIGN. 


Total. 


A-MERICAN. 


Foreign. 


Total. 




No. 


Tons. 


No. 


Tons. 


Ko. 


Tons. 


So. 


Tons 


No. 


Tons. 


No, 


Tons. 


Maine 


253 
9 

330 
1,-316 

100 

109 
4,137 

852 

295 

7 

69 

140 

168 
47 
66 
40 

624 

178 

97 

18 

3 

140 


63.309 

8..572 

86.828 

3.39 .608 

■ 17.847 

22,,5S0 

1,502,290 

100,009 

70.427 
1260 
12.190 
19.185 
52.711 
11.883 
7.518 
11914 
175,969 

21,628 

7.2.54 

6.690 

494 

47,950 


1.040 

101 

174 

2,732 

19 

79 

8,832 

17 

186 

143 
2 
88 
88 

142 
71 
39 

112 

874 

186 

"894 

4 

18 

865 


89.877 

7.472 

12.607 

271.941 

2,075 

11 572 

7764.30 

1.601 

82,361 

29,161 

164 

18.775 

9115 

44.205 

45 134 

10.462 

84.106 

174,884 

18.248 

49.709 

648 

-3.177 

82,914 


1,293 
110 
504 

4,077 
119 
1,88 

7,969 

17 

537 

"488 

9 

1.57 

188 

805 

lis 

95 
152 
898 

314 

491 
22 
16 

495 


143,186 

11.044 

99.4:55 

611.449 

19.922 

84.152 

2,277.720 

1,601 

132,.370 

99,588 
1.414 
80.965 
28,300l 
96916 
57 017, 
17.980 
96 020 
880,863 

89,871 

56 963' 

7.338 

8.67 1| 

180,864 


585 

5 

322 

1,149 

94 

87 

3,611 

1 

309 

859 

8 
187 
212 
205 
68 
60 
76 
493 

137 

112 
4 
3 

803 


111.123 

682 

81.073 

272.278 

16.771 

17.515 

1,411..5;.7 

1,50 

81.276 

89.296 
1.520 
42 091 
80.7-39 
72222 
21.089 
10.022 
-32.268 
211,800 

15,486 

7.982 

1,043 

691 

104,266 


1,046 

102 

21 

2 7,57 

' 16 

69 

8,693 

10 

170 

162 

2 

98 

62 

170 
83 
42 

106 

860 

781 

390 

5 

12 

820 


91.014 

7.-531 

1.783 

274 674 

1.705 

9 802 

7;57..5:59 

981 

80.342 

87,.623 
200 
23,367 
11.498 
52.6-30 
61.524 
12.134 
80.717 
158,137 

18,322 

46,719 

998 

8.017 

75,862 


1.6.31 
107 
.342 

3.906 

no 

166 

7,303 

11 

479 

521 
10 
285 
274 
875 
141 
102 
182 
848 

268 

502 

9 

15 

623 


202.137 


New Hampshire.. 


8,213 
82.856 


Massachusetts. ... 
Ehode bland .... 

Connecticut 

New York 

New .Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

Delaware 

Maryland 

D. of C<ilumbia. .. 


546,952 

18.475 

27.:517 

2,149.096 

1,1-31 

111,618 

126,819 
1.720 
65.468 


North Carolina. . . . 
Boulh Carolina — 


42.2.32 

125,052 

72 563 


Florida 


22.158 




112,985 


Louisiana 

Mississippi 

Tennessee 


869,931 


Ohio 


88,80T 


Kentucky 

Michigan 


54.701 
2,041 


Texas -. 

California 

Oregon 


8,608 
180,123 






Total....*. 


8,412 


2.573,016 10,100 


1.775,623 


18,512 


4.348.6391 8.379 


2.682,788 


9,816 


1,728.214 


18,196 


4,861,002 



r SITED STATES OF AMEKICA. 



United >" 



^'f the Tvntitge of the stceral Distriits of the 
SOtkofJune, 1850. 






IWSuM 

BSBV* 

YaUvtMO*. 



I^lnlaD(i. 



Yoti " 

V>.Tfsm.>uJ>. S. H. 

lp*w x-il . . . * 

Salem ** 

BB»«r)y ... » 



BanwiaiHe . ** 

Sin:u>.-*t^l . ' 

Bnsl^'i - 

Kewpvrt - 

X. L.'uJ.'O . " 

J*. Havett . . * 

yurlitf id . . *^ 
CIlamplaiB . ^. T. 

CVwtf^-.* * 

Xia^^n. ... * 

tjtfoewt? * 

liu*uV. Cr. . » 

tJ(wop»'rt. . * 

j;«wY>Jf«... " 

C. Yincvut. . ** 

CUiii $priiis. " 

IVrviiiulioy S.i 

BuHifistwa. . * 

Camdca — " 
Xtfwart ... 

L Kas Har. - 
6. Ei^ H.ar. 

Flkiiadt;i[<&ia Peon. 



■'^^: 



Oidbri . 



!>ie 



STyFd 






sin u 



1«558 SS 

t» OS 






■ ttiCt 1 1 



DKTKICT& 









i<ia*i » 


<»:- 


IJJSSw 


i.:. 


3»K $a 


H.::^. 


l.S«« 


15i: 


S.HT ■»' 


SS.'; 


*S8U38 


4;-.; 


I,u*> * 


S5.i 


9ISSS 


^• 


l».«!il 40 


ai.4- 


S,389 *t 


*>;) 


StTS W 


3.r 


\k« i'. 


- ^' 






ss - 




i.- . 




s 




to 




i.:t :* 




SJl«5T 


S.I- 


2a.*)4 :? 


33.4- 


rasTs 




IJRJS 7-k 


!•■ 


1 365 84 


I.-J- 


3».S» H» 


39. 


43U 69 


W 


4^» W 


is:. 


SMJSO .-<» 


s».> 


*.«)6 3S 


ii. 


•-«-^ *■ 




» .><iV >-c 


^ 


S^l i» 


s.-r- 


*.'*J T^ 





..,.ir>ra 

i.„ - 
,.■5... " 

- reet ** 
■ t'4 .. ** 
wa D.ctfC. 



int. 



iioo. S.Car. 



- -wa. * 



•-■S... " 
^... * 
•la... Ftor. 

■'s... » 

St . . . » 
Ala. 



r-.eaas. 



ff .. . Twin. 
;e... K.. 

■ » >££$& 

: in. 

;ja . . . Oilio 

•.iv ... "* 
id... " 



S.W6 19 
S.SSt SI 

iaj43 w 

S4S IS 

saw so 

3«SS« 



MSJ 51 
WIS S3 

13« It 
«i$«a 

lASSSS 

1,T4S 19 
IflLJST 1« 



«t 4S 
1.3S1 U 



4,A15 « 



SS.IWS55 



U4-- 

9,."- 

3,1^ . , 
S.3io SI; 

a.s» IT 1 
I4,ei4 43 ' 

is,^.tfi :9, 

l.TW 3: 

5c»ir 4i> 

4,S«t) T» 
».S3tf 9S 

4,058 re 

4,S6* SI 
&3SS 90 
1.3S3 UiS 

sjss •« 
«,":* ;< 

S,8S9 35 
4.«>S 49 
1,*I* 09 

1,*« W 
14M 54 
!.**> 15 

1T.91J 10 
l.USl) SI 

91^96 «T 

588 SI 

9SS ST 
JT3 « 

838 « 
3»»T3 

a.(i6o ss 

S.S5l> l» 
1SJ38SS 

i,36r St 

460 3S 
1S5,*40 43 

1.SSI) Tl 



u^e4«' 



13.SI3 4I> I 



JCeh.' 

titinac * I 
--■>a. . Tex. 

-. OW5.I 

■jiai Isiijel. Tes. 



Twal llJSkTUS 1,»S.H» « 3J8S.4H 3S 



as 93 

1.4«S 4S 

15k£9 13 

4U1 S» 



r^as 

ira-^ 

3.S3? 
SS^>*> 

3.583 
5«S 



374 



i &' 



-< 91 

• 5t 

.. -4 91 

S.33« SI 

3.S3S II 

i:.'>ii> SI 
S.TSI so 

S4JS4 S9 

3,Ti«; gs 

S,45S » 
4.S1W 10 
5kS34 34 
4,0SS 73 
4.S«S n 
SJSS 90 
1.3S3 OS 
5,9SS TO 

15J91? S3 
5k20r K 
&.IUS 19 
1.14» W 

11*^ 04 
3.3S9 5S 
3.sas 4T 

1.45S 15 
S»*>3 5S 

i.rrss* 

19,IWS3 

i.:e5 4t> 

1,198 T4 

S5S or 

3.060 36 
S.I»3» 

34..137 SO 

i,s«;st 
4«ioas 

34S,I99 09 

usso n. 



iT.rss s» 

3,sa9 30 

S«.S!IS$ S» 
IJ30 » 

1J)4S« 

IT jm TT 

«;5«s 



5. The seneral Statement 



:-unts from Jane 30. 1549, to Jane 30. 1?5»). 



1S90. 



in 
TO i.- 

aeu* ■■ 
To a:-!'-*; 
jea.* .u . 

TDbttianctf, 

To 



•.S50 



lajsT] isjsr 

I 

4.S6tii «J5» 



jww satis. is4a. I 

BT (Mlance of uaoa^. per statemeac] 
i«o>ii>K<l S>r tiK ;nir fading SUilii 



3»appxrar« ^ senenl 9^i».J 



1^ amnoBi 



UI3SJ<CLS,3S^nB 



-.-.). 



.;UE3JU.3J3S,je4. 

q I 'I 



.... .. .. _ J :»* j'rar t>50| 15T,Sia SaStS 

.i li. *riQa aa iacfvase of :ii«» I 

i-onaijtfT - St,Sllii SLaU 

... .. oac bvin* aa uta.T«ise yji Jje. i 

yi^cciBcu uiaoa^ tublKr ^ una. — ' S319 



UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 



6. A comparative View of the reffislered and enrolled Tonnage of the United Stales, shounn^ 
the Tonnage employed in the Whale Fishfry ; also, the propf/rtion of the enrolled nvd licensed 
7'onnage employed in the Coasting Trade^ Cod Fishery, Mackerel Fishery, and Whale Fish- 
ery, from 1815 /<? \H60Anclusivc. 



Team. 



ItirgiiWrrJ ton 






Total tonnagi^. 



PfinodionorUieenri'lIeJ nnd tic»fi>^>j t'inna«eeinplriv#^ in the— 



L!>liiig trade I Cod fifttiery. 






181S.... 


K)4,294 ?■ 


. S13.883 0- 


1,308,127 78| — 


435 000 8- 


1 20.670 3S 


1816.... 


8011.759 6f 


571,4.'rt a" 


l,.-i72 21-<.53i — 


479 979 141 87,869 3i 


18U.... 


8119.124 71 


' 690,186 6f 


1.399.912 4 


4,874 41 


48I.4.'57 9i 


1 5.3,990 20 


1818.... 


600.1158 & 


019,095 5 


1 2.'.'),1M 21 


1 16,1.34 7i 


.5<i3.H0 :>; 


68.551 72 


J819.... 


612.'.t3ll 4- 


647,V21 17 


1.200.7.'il 6 


31,700 40 


623 .',.',0 21 


' 05.044 92 


J820.... 


619.047 K 


601, US 01 


1,2SO,160 2 


1 35,391 44 


.5.39.OS0 4f 


60,S42 ,55 


1821.... 


619.%90 41 


679 < 102 31 


l,2'J-i.958 73 


20,070 8i 


659.4:;.-, 57 


51,;i61 4S 


1822.... 


628,150 4; 


690 548 71 


1,321,699 11 


45,449 42 


573 OSO 02 


68,405 35 


1623.... 


639 920 715 


090,IH4 87 


l,;i30,.565 OS 


39.915 13 


50C,44J8 >>8 


67,621 14 


1824.... 


609 972 C( 


719 190 37 


1.389.16:! 02 


33.105 70 


.5S9.23i 01 


C8.419 00 


1825.... 


700.787 08 


722.323 69 


l,42;i,I10 77 


85.379 24 


587,273 07 


70.020 02 


182«.... 


737.97S 1.^ 


790.210 68 


I,,W4,IS9 8: 


41,7.17 32 


606 420 44 


6;i.761 42 


182T.... 


747,170 M 


S73.4;i7 34 


1.02O.6O7 7m 


45.0.'53 21 


732 937 65 


7404S 81 


1828.... 


812.019 m 


928,772 52 


1,741, .891 67 


51.621 08 


7.W.9.'2 12 


74.947 74 


1829.... 


650.142 8« 


610 e-M 8^ 


1.200,797 81 


57.284 38 


5m8S;-iS 10 


101,790 7h 


18»l).... 


570,675 'if. 


ei.MIl 10 


1,191,776 4-3 


38.911 82 


516,978 16 


61A54 ,57 


1831.... 


620,451 92 


647.394 3-' 


1,207,840 29 


82,315 79 


5.39,723 74 


60.977 SI 


1832.... 


680 959 77 


7.02,400 89 


1.439,4,'jo 21 


72 808 84 


649 027 40 


54.027 70 


1833.... 


7.50,126 72 


850,123 22 


1,006,149 94 


101. 1/58 17 


744,198 6' 


62.720 7n 


1834.... 


857,438 42 


901,468 07 


1,75^.907 14 


10S.060 14 


78:! 618 05 


66.403 70 


1835.... 


RS5.S21 60 


939,118 49 


1,^21,940 14 


97.640 00 


T92 301 20 


72.374 18 


18;i6.... 


897,774 51 


984,-328 14 


1,8^2.102 0.5 


144,680 ,V) 


873.023 21 


63,:t07 37 


183T.... 


810,447 29 


1,0^0,2.18 40 


1.890,685 09 


127,241 S! 


956,980 60 


80,551 89 


1883.... 


822..'j91 86 


1.173047 89 


1,99.VW9 «.' 


]19,6.'9 89 


1.041.105 18 


70.064 00 


1839... 


83*244 ,54 


1,202,234 27 


2,090,478 81 


131.845 25 


1.1,53.551 80 


72.258 68 


1840.... 


899,764 74 


1,280,999 35 


2,1^0,764 10 


136,926 04 


1,176.694 46 


76,0:15 651 


1841.... 


846,>-03 43 


1.184.940 90 


2,130,744 37 


157.405 17 


1.107.067 88 


66,551 84 


1842.... 


975.M58 74 


1,117,031 90 


2,090,390 69 


151612 74 


1,046.753 39 


54,804 02 


1843.... 


1.0(l9.30.'i 01 


1,149.297 92 


2,15i,6ol 9:! 


1.'52 .374 89 


1.076.155 59 


61,224 2.5 


1844.... 


1,0C'(.7M 91 


1.211. .330 11 


2.280,095 07 


168293 63 


1,109.014 44 


85.224 77 


1845.... 


1,09.'., 172 44 


1,321,8'^9 57 


2,417,002 00 


190.695 65 


1,190,898 27 


69.825 60 


1M6.... 


1.131,«H0 49 


1,431.798 32 


2..V.2.084 SI 


186,980 16 


1.289 870 89 


72.516 17 


184T.... 


1,211, .",12 92 


1,. '597,732 80 


2.>>:j9,ft45 77 


193,858 72 


!,452,6>:? 35 


70.177 52 


1843.... 


l,30o,sS6 85 


1,793,1,W 00 


3.154 041 85 


192,176 90 


I,620,9,SS 16 


82 651 82 


1849.... 


1.4.'}H.941 53 


1,895 073 71 


3.334,015 29 


180,180 29 


1.730.410 84 


42 970 19 


18.W.... 


1..W5.711 22 


1,949,748 01 


3..^i5.454 23 


146.010 71 


1,765.796 42 


85,046 80 



85,973 38 
46,210 SO 
47.427 72 
4S.725 43! 
61.052 11, 
64 44', 11 
64 424 25 
40,8:0 90; 
66 649 16 
35.9ii 87 
25,209 19 
11,.821 13 
16,096 831 
11.775 70' 
16.170 eo 
21.413 I61 
86.46:! 16 
81.451 13i 
43.6'.H 78 
73,853 78| 
58,111 94 



1.229 92 

1,168 00 

349 92 

614 63 

086 35 

1,053 6« 

1.924 40 

8,l:i3 ,50 

685 .37 

180 08 

226 88 
328 94 

ISO 34 

792 8T 
481 82 
877 47 
478 39 
364 16 

1,573 2« 

1,894 86 

6.229 55 

4.39 69 



877 31 
142 .33 
3'20 14 
206 92 
439 53 

4:J2 75 



A Slalement of the Number of Vessels huilt in the several States, and the Aggregate Ton- 
nage of each for the year ending 30th June, 1850. 



CLA£8 OF TE86£LS. 



Ships. 



Bne.. 



fa 



Maine 

New Hampshire 

Vermont 

Masaachuseltfl 

Ktiode Island 

Conne<*ticul 

New Yorit 

New Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

Delaware 

Maryland 

District of Columbia 

Vireinta 

North Carolina 

South Carolina 

Georgia., 

Florida 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

Louisiana 

Tennessee 

Kentucky 

Missouri 

Illinois 

Ohio 

Michigan 

Texas 

Oregon 

Total 



61 
5 
8 

26 
1 
7 



27 
50 
35 
39 
12 
125 

27 
23 



3 
3 
9 

112 

17 

107 

3 



II 
6 



1 
2 
1 
1 

82 
8 

81 
1 



34 
6 
1 

16 



.320 
10 
1 

121 
14 
47 

224 
67 

1S5 
16 

160 

8 

34 

83 

5 
2 



91,211 73 

6,914 32 

77 41 

3,5.8.36 14 
3.687 15 
4.819 79 

68,342 73 
6.201 68 

21.*i9 93 
1.848 62 

15,964 80 

258 17 

8.584 09 

2,651 59 

683 82 
79 75 
113 66 



81 


6.400 69 


5 


i.3.5:i 82 


13 


1.091 21 


31 


6,214 62 


14 


2,061 63 


1 


106 54 


2 


122 42 



272,218 54 
21 



UNITED STATES OP AMERICA. 



8. Statement showing the Number and Class of Vessels built, and the Tonnage thereof, in the 
several States and Territories of the United Stales from 1815 to 1850 inclusive. 





CLASS OF VESSELS. 


ll 

1 


-1 

1 




Ships. 


Brigs. 


Sell, .oners. 


stoops and 
canal boats. 


Steamers. 


1815 


186 
76 
84 
63 
58 
21 
43 
64 
65 
66 
56 
71 
63 
78 
44 
25 
72 
1.32 
144 
93 
25 
93 
67 
66 
83 
97 
114 
116 

% 
124 
100 
151 
254 
198 
247 


224 

122 

86 

85 

82 

60 

89 

131 

127 

156 

197 

187 

138 

108 

68 

66 

95 

143 

169 

94 

60 

65 

72 

79 

89 

109 

101 

91 

84 

47 

87 

164 

168 

174 

148 

117 


6S0 
7S1 
569 
428 
473 
301 
248 
260 
260 
877 
638 
482 
464 
474 
485 
40S 
416 
668 
625 
496 
802 
444 
507 
501 
439 
873 
310 
273 
18S 
204 
822 
576 
6S9 
701 
623 
647 


274 
424 
394 
832 
242 
152 
127 
168 
165 
166 
168 
227 
241 
196 
145 
116 
94 
122 
ISO 
ISO 
100 
164 
168 

122 
224 
157 
404 
173 
279 
342 
855 
892 
647 
370 
290 


15 

26 

85 

45 

8S 

S3 

48 

37 

84 

100 

65 

68 

,30 

VIA 

1.35 

90 

125 

64 

78 

137 

79 

168 

168 

225 

19S 

175 

208 

159 


1,814 

1.403 

1,0-3 

898 

850 

6.'!4 

507 

623 

622 

781 

994 

1,012 

9.34 

8.S4 

7S5 

037 

711 

1.065 

1,183 

9.S7 

607 

890 

949 

S93 

ais 

872 

7.S2 

1,021 

4S2 

706 

1,038 

1,420 

1,698 

l,8.il 

1,,547 

1,360 


154.624 89 

131.668 04 

86.393 87 

82.421 20 

79.817 86 

47,784 01 

65,856 01 

76.346 93 

75,007 57 

90 939 00 

114.997 25 

126 488 85 

104.M2 67 

98 375 58 

77,098 65 

68,094 24 

85.962 68 

144,639 16 

161.626 86 

ll,-i,83ll 87 

46.2,38 52 

1I.3.C27 49 

122 9S7 22 

113.135 44 

120.988 34 


1816 


1817 


1818 


1819 


1820 


1821 


1822 


1828 


1S24 


1825 


1826 


1827 


1828 


1829 


1830 


1881 


18.32 


1838 


1834 


1885 


1836 


1837.. 


1888 


1889 


1840 


1841 


118.898 71 
129,083 64 
63.617 77 
103.687 29 
146.018 02 
]8-i,203 93 


1842 


1848 


1844 


1846 


1846 




1848 


818 075 54 


1849 




1850 


272,213 54 



TII. STATEMENT OF THE DUTIES, EEVENUES, AND PUBLIC EXPENDITURES DUKING THE 
TEAES ENDING SOth .TUNE, 1849 AND 1850. 



RECEIPTS. 

1»'49. 

From castoms $28,846,788 82 

From sales of ptiblic lands, 1,688,9,59 55 
From miscellaneous sources 1,038,649 13 



Total receipts $31,074,847 50 

Avails of stocks, treasury 

notes, etc, issued $28,588,750 00 

Balance in treasury Ist July, 

1848 & 1849 16.3,584 60 



18S0, 

$39,668,686 43 

1,859,894 26 

1,847,218 83 



$48,375,798 90 

$4,045,950 00 

2,189,964 28 



Total means $59,816,632 10 $49,606,713 18 



KXPBNDrnTEES. 

1&49. Ifl.'iO 

Civil list $3,86.5,615 68 $3,042,770 07 

Foreign intercourse 7,973,<32 01 4,S3-i,594 76 

Miscellaneous 8,179,192 66 6,958,360 24 

Interior department — 8,400,624 87 

War department 17,290,9.36 68 9,101,2.39 16 

Navy department 9,869,818 20 7,923,818 18 

Public debt 16,463,272 89 7,487,366 41 

Total expenditures $67,631,667 82 $48,002,168 69 



Balances 1st July '49 & '60 $2,184,964 28 



$6,604,644 49 



VIII. STATEMENT OF THE PUBLIC DEBT 80th NOVEMBER, 1850. 



DENOMINATION OF DEBT. 


Rate 
|.er 
cent 


When redeemable. 


Amoant. 


Principal an-^l interest of old funded and unfunded debt Treasury notes ofl812 

and Yazoo scrip 

Debt of the cities of the DiatricI of Columbia, assumed per act 30th May, 1S86 
Oulatandinfr treasury notes issued previous to 22d July, 1346, payable or fundable 
Ouistanding treasury notes issued underact 26th June, 1S46, payable or fundable 
Outstan'ling treasury notes issued under act 2Slh Jan. 1847, payable or fundable 


G 
6 
5 
6 
6 
6 
6 


On presentation 
$60,000 per annum 
On presentation 
On presentation 
On presentatiim 
1st January, 1868 
31st Dec. 1862 
1st July, 1&53 
12th Nov.. 1866 
Ist Jan., 1868 
1st July, 1868 
9th Aug,, 1351 


$119,685 98 

900,000 00 

189,011 64 

25:850 00 

44,700 00 

164.828 00 


Loan of 15ih April, 1S42 


8,198,686 03 


" 8d March. 1843 


6.468,281 85 


« 22d July, 1846 \ 


4,999149 46 


" 2Sth Jan., 1847 


27,1.35,122 00 


" 8l3t March, 1S48 


15,740.000 00 


Me:dcan indemnity stock 


803.678 92 



Total debt per statement let December, 1880 $64,228,238 83 



UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 



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543 

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603 

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n 


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779 
2)6 
418 
405 
487 
098 
523 
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021 
809 
223 
773 
023 
772 
942 
876 
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335 
609 
612 
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702 
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326 
714 
333 
338 
624 
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391 
443 
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509 
957 
311 
940 
290 
800 
925 
502 
217 
909 
■i44 
671 
113 
663 
861 
070 
733 
680 






M >t. -O 75 CO K. 


a "^ 


^',i\l\'\,','j ^Jt£,x'0' 


.-.' T 


1 , 1 > 1 1 1 1 , , , 1 1 , »-* >-i .-HO to .-• to to to tffc ,U OD to 0-j ~: ^ 1 h.* hJ tO rf* -» 4,. O ,yj to ,y,, 

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to to — ,eT to 4- 4- 'a^ ^ — to cv ^jo 1 ^ « . ^ . - ^ — . r-. c -t ov -j (ys c-. co oa en =-, - 1 

to CO c- 0; to = ^ Ct ^ CO ^ to en to -t -t -1 ... .. J ,- .- to — to to to to :o 4- en — to to 4- -I 






_oatowtotototOi-'^^co-iwot_rf*444kOatooaio ^.-.-^^444.1 44 44 — 03 to 4- 44 jj 44 44 ,^ 


»" 


^^"01 en ^ 'to CO 'c: 4- 4- ^..'tolo'x V..';.)'x'toblc cc'v'o 4-';^ 10 to 'o';^ to 'ot to, 'ot b ^ to 44 CO -j'— ct*40*^— jen4-44— ..-. 






§ 3 =, 


'CCj .H to oj 01 — ^ to oi ao 4- ^ 44 oi -J — 1 -^ -1 c5 t; -t T r. ~ S 4^ S Co to el .^ 0. — ^ -t en 6'. s to. to -~t ot en ~ -i -,: / -i 


,726 
,028 
,070 
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,194 
,240 
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,233 
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,505 
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6^2 
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816 

,032 
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180 
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,131 
118 
.356 
295 
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918 
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,579 
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,0113 
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"1 


44 W 00 to to to to 44 44 44 M 44 44 A. CO to CO Co to to to to to ^0 to 44 to 44 44 44 to to W 4. 44 -4' 44 44 44444444444444^ 
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> 


cob '4- ya44-icnoo!otococo = t0 44 3 o 4- 4.10 to'to'to'-i'oc to'c '4- »l-J'to'= -i 4- 44 '-, '0 ov'co'toC^'to'oa en en bvto'44 en 

-t-^COittooiooi — ento-4?-^COct., C5-4=;<=.5j,CDlO4-C0Ct4*^44,;^— -4-^=-y_, ~, -o-. -toitOrf-COOnOtOXCoS^O 


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,332 
,828 
.168 
,231 
,312 
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,859 
,885 
,737 
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,225 
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,204 
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,276 
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..536 
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326 
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U ft 


o_ 






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270 
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368, 
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384 
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1 


v 


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? ~> 



29 



UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 



X, STATISTICS OF COINAGE. 



1. Deposits for Coinage, at the 
Mint of Ike United States and its 
Branehes, in the Year 1850. 



GOLD. 

Coins of U. S., old ,sland. 

Fureiiin Coins 

UiiiUMl Stales Uiillion.. 

Foreign liuUiun 

Total ol Gold 

BILVEIt. 

United States llulUon. . 

Foreign Bullion 

Foreign I'oins 

Total ol Silver 



Total. 



$9,996 

1.3113.740 

86.988,314 

113.110 



$38,365,160 



$269,263 

143,192 

1,526,696 



1,939,041 



$40,304,201 



Coinage of the Mint of the United 
Stales and its Branches, in the 
Year 1850. 



DenumiaHtiuns. 


Pieces. 1 Value. 


Denomi[iatiun9. 


Hieces. 


Value. 


GOLD. 






Gold & Copper 






Donb. Eagles 


1,311,261 


$26,225,220 00 


Coins 


7,268,420 


$32,026,200 


Eagles 


348 951 


8,489,610 00 








llallKagka.. 


172,182 


860,160 00 


BILVKB. 






yuar. Eagles 


858,219 


895,542 50 


Dollars 


47,500 


47.500 


Dollars 


511,8ul 


511,801 00 


llair Dollars.. 


2,6a3,0l'0 


1,841,800 








Quar. Dollars . 
Dimes 


0112,800 
2,411,511(1 


160.700 
244,180 


Total Gold . . 


2,701,764 


$.31,981,788 50 


COPPKR. 

Cents 

Half Cents . . 


4,426,844 
39,812 


44,2t)8 44 
199 66 


Half Dimes . . 


l,i;45,0ll0 


82,280 


Total 


14,688,2211 


$38,892,301 


Total Copper 


4,666,666 


$44,467 50 





3. Coinage of the Mint of the United States, from 1792, including the Coinage of the Branch 
Mints, from the Commencement of their Operations, in 1838. 



Years. 


Gold. 


Silver, 


Copper. 


WIIOIK COINAGK. 


hu. ul f-icce^. 


t..lue. 




$71,4,85 00 
102,727 60 
103,422 50 
2116.610 00 
218.285 00 
317,760 00 
422,570 00 
42:3.810 00 
258.877 60 
268,642 50 
]Tii,:367 50 
824.505 00 
487,495 00 
284,665 00 
169,875 00 
601.4:35 00 
497.906 00 
290.435 00 
477 140 00 
77,270 00 
3,175 00 

•242,940 00 

268,615 00 

1,819,1180 00 

189,:!25 00 

SS9S0 00 

72,425 00 

98,2011 00 

166,385 00 

92,246 00 

181,566 00 

140. 1j6 liO 

295,717 50 

64.8,11 6 00 

714,270 00 

798,485 00 

978,551) 00 

3.954,270 00 

2.1^6,176 00 

4,135,70" 00 

1,148,81)5 00 

1,8119,595 00 

1.366,8.58 00 

1,676,302 60 

1,091,697 60 

1,881,170 60 

8,108,797 60 

2.280 00 

8,766,447 50 

4.084,1 r7 00 

20,221,856 00 

8,776,512 60 

9,llo7 761 50 

31,951,7:3:3 50 


$:!70,688 80 

79,077 50 

12,591 45 

3811,291 00 

423,615 00 

224,296 UO 

74.785 00 

58 843 00 

87,118 00 

100,340 50 

149.883 60 

471.319 00 

697.448 75 

684.800 00 

707,376 00 

638,778 50 

608.:340 00 

814.1129 60 

620,951 60 

661,687 50 

17,808 00 

28.575 75 

607,788 60 

1,070,464 60 

1,1411,001) liO 

601.680 70 

825,762 46 

806,806 60 

895 .550 00 

1.752,477 00 

1.564.5t8 00 

2,002.090 00 

2 869,200 00 

1 575,600 00 
1.994,578 00 
2,49,5,400 00 
8.175.600 00 

2 579,iil)0 00 
2 7..9.000 00 

3.415.002 00 

8.443.003 00 
8,61)6,1(10 00 
2 096,010 00 
2,3:33 218 00 
2.159,296 00 
1.726,703 00 
1,1:32,7.50 00 
2,3:32,750 00 
8.834.75) 00 
2.2:35 651) 00 
1.873.2(10 00 
2,6,56,550 00 
2,874.450 00 
2,04l).(i60 00 
2,114,950 00 
1,866,100 00 


$11,373 00 

10,324 40 

9.610 84 

9,797 00 

9,106 68 

29,279 40 

13.628 87 

84,422 83 

25,203 03 

12.844 94 

13.483 48 
6,260 00 
9,6.52 21 

13,090 00 
8,001 63 

15.660 00 
2,495 95 

10,7,55 00 
4,180 00 
8,678 80 

2S,2li9 82 

89.484 00 
81,670 00 
26.710 00 
44,076 50 

3.890 00 
20,728 89 

12,620 00 
14,926 00 
16.844 25 
28.667 82 
25,636 24 
16.680 00 
17,116 00 
33.603 60 
23,620 00 

28.160 00 

19.161 00 
89 459 00 
23,100 00 
55,558 00 
6:1,702 00 
31.256 61 
24,627 00 
15,973 67 
23,83:! 90 
24,253 20 
23,987 52 
38.948 04 
41,208 00 
61,8:36 69 
64,1,57 99 
41,984 .32 
44,467 50 


1,834.420 
1,219.370 
1,095,165 
1,868.241 
1.865.681 
3,.387,972 
1,671,890 
3.615 869 
2,780 830 
2.046839 
2.260.861 
1,816,4(19 
2.781,846 
2,985,888 
2,801,884 
3.056,418 
1,649,570 
2,761,646 
1.755,:i31 
1,883,559 
69,567 
2,888,185 
5,168,967 
5,.537,0S4 
6,074,723 
6.492,809 
8.139,249 
3,813,788 
2,166.486 
4,7»6.894 
6.175,760 
f.,7;4.J34 
9,1)97,846 
6.11)0.853 
7.674,501 
8.:357.191 
11.792.284 
9.128,887 
10.807,790 
11,687,613 
16.996 342 
18.719.338 
13.()10.721 
16,780,311 
11,811.594 
10,668.240 
8,811,968 
11,743,153 
4,640,582 
9.051,8:34 
1.806.196 
1",)83,615 
16,:392,344 
12.6)9.790 
12.666.659 
14,558,220 


$453,641 60 


1796 


192,129 40 




125.524 29 


17y8 


645,693 00 


1799 


646 906 63 


1800 


571.385 40 


1801 

1802 


610,9,56 87 
616,075 83 


1^03 


870,693 63 


1804 


871.527 94 


18ii5 


8:3:3,239 43 




801,084 00 


18o7 


1,044,695 96 


18118 


982,066 00 


lSi9 


884,7.52 53 


1810 


1,1.55.868 60 


lijll 


1,I(.8,740 95 


1812 


1,115,219 50 


1813 


1,102,275 50 


1814 


642,.585 80 


181.5 


20.4S3 00 


1816 


66.7.-5 57 


1S17 


647.267 .50 


1818 


1,345.061 ,50 


1819 


1,426,825 00 


1820 


1,864.786 20 


1821 


1,018,977 46 


1822 


915 5(19 89 


1823 


967,976 00 


1824 


1858 297 00 


1825 


1,785,894 00 


1>,26 


2,110,679 25 


1827 


3,024,842 39 


1828 


1,741.881 24 


1829 


2,:306 875 60 


1830 


3,155 620 OO 


1881 


8,928.473 60 


1832 


8,4(11,165 00 


1833 


8 765.710 00 


1834 


7,3 -8 423 00 


18:j5 


6 61 8,667 00 


1836 


7,764.900 00 


IfS? 


8,299 838 00 


1888 


4.21 6 640 00 


1339 


8.576.467 61 


1840 


8 426.632 60 


1841 


2.240,321 17 


1842 


4.190.754 40 


1843 


1I.967.6;!0 70 


1844 


7.6S7.767 62 


1845 


6 668,595 64 


1846 


6.6::8.9li5 00 


1847 


22.657.671 69 


1848 


5,879.720 49 


1849 


11,164,695 83 


1860 


88,892,301 00 


Total 


$117,330,935 00 


$77,447^64 90 


$1,296,21 102 


870,586,129 


$196 074 710 92 



STATISTICAL GAZETTEER 



OF THE 



UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 



AAR 



ACK 



Aaronsburg, p. v., Centre co., I^enn. : on Elk cr., 51 m. 
N. W. Harrisburg. Pop. 226. 

A^E0».'8 KuN, p. o., Montgomery co., Kt/. : on a small 
tributary of Licking r., 49 m. E. Frankfort. 

Abbebville, p. v., La Fayette co., Mm. : 156 m. N. N.TV. 
Jackson. 

Abbeville district, ^S'. Car. Situate W., and contains 960 
sq. m. The Savannah washes its 3. W. and the Saluda its 
N. E. bordt-rs, while numerous streams, tributary to these 
rivers, drain the interior. The surrace is agreeably variega- 
ted by hill and dale, and a considerable part of tbo soil is rich 
and fertile. The products are chiefly Indian corn and cot- 
ton. Farms 1,S14; manof. 156; dwell. 2,391, and pop.— 
■wh. 12,693, fr. col. 3G3, si. 19,262— total, 32.318. Capital: 
Abbeville. Public Work^: Abbeville Branch R. R. 

Abbeville, p. v., and cap. Henry co. Ala. : on a branch 
of Tattayabba cr., 86 m. S. W. Montgomery ; it contains a 
C. H. and other public boiidinga. The " Abbeville Ban- 
ner" is issued weekly. Pop. fl'27. 

Abbhville, p. v., and cap. Abbeville disL, S. Car. : near 
the centre of the district, 90 ra. W. Columbia : it contains a 
C. H., a jail, an arsenal, a magazine, and several stores. 
The •' Abbevllte Banner" is issued weekly. A branch of 
the Greenville and Columbia R. R. terminates at this point. 
Abbeville, p. v., Vermillion par., La. : on W. side Ver- 
million r, 169 m. W. S. W. of Baton Rouge. 

Abbeytille, p. v., Medina co., Ohi^D : 109 m. N. E. Co- 
lumbus. 

Abbot, t, and p. o., Piscataquis co.. Me. : on Piscataquis 
r, 54 m. N. Augusta. 

Abbott's Ckeek, p. o., Davidson co.y MOar.: on a cr. 
of the same name, 94 m. W. Raleigh. 

Abbottstown, p. v., Adams co., Perm. : on Beaver cr., 
42 m. S. S. W. Harrisburg. 

Abboitsville, p. v., Darke co., Ohio : 94 m. W. Colum- 
bus. 

Abb's Valley, p. o., Tazewell co., Virg. : at the head 
of Tug fork of Sandy r., 223 ra. W. S. W. Richmond. 

Aberdeen, p. v., Monroe co., Mi.ss. : W. sido Tombigbee 

r., 142 m. N. E. Jackson. Two newspapers, the " Monroe 

Democrat," and the " Independent," arc issued weekly. 

Aberdeen, p. v.. Brown co., Ohio: on Ohio r., opposite 

Maysville, Ky., 86 m. S. S. W. Columbus. Pop. b07. 

Aberfoil, p. v., Macon co., Ala. : on a head cr. of Pea 
r., 84 m. E. S. E. Montgomery. 

Abb Spring, p. o., Calhoun co., Flor. : 71 m. S. W. Tal- 
lahassee. 

Abingdon, p. v.. Lake co., lU. : on Des Plainea r., 20S 
m. N. E. Springfield. 

Abingdon, p. v., Harford co., Md. : on W. side Bush cr., 
87 m. N. N. E. Annapolis. 
Abikqdon, p. v., and cap. Washiogtou co., Virg. : oa a 



cr. of Holsttm r., 252 m. "W. S. W. Richmond. It contains 
the county buildings, several factories and stores, and about 
3U0 dwellings. Two newspapers, the "Democrat" and 
" Virginian." are issued weekly. 

Abington, p. v., Windham co.. Conn.: S. of and near 
Mashamugit br. of Quinnebaug r., 42 m. E. N. E. Hart- 
ford. 

Abington, p. t, "Wayne co., Ind. : on "W. bank of E. 
fork ofWhite r., 56 m. E. Indianapolis. 

Abington, t and p. v., Plymouth co., Mass.: on Old 
Colony K. R., 19 m. S. Boston. The people are chiefly en- 
gaged in shoemaking. Pnp. 5,269, 

Ablngton, p. t, Montgomery co., Penn.: 94. m. E. Har- 
risburg. 

Abington Centre, p. v., Lucerne co., Penn. : (see Wa- 

VERLV). 

Aboitk, t and p. v., Allen co., Ind. : on Aboite cr. of 
Little r., 96 m. N. N. E. Indianapolis. 

Abradajitown, p. v., Marion co., J^tor, 

Abeau's Plains, p. o., Granville co., IT. Car. : 48 m. N. 
Raleigh. 

Abscota, p. v., Calhoun co., Mich. : 88 ra. 9. Lansing. 

AnsECUM, p. v., Atlantic co., N". Jer. : on Absecum cr., 2 
ra. above the bay, an<l 61 m. S. S. W. Trenton. 

AcADEMiA, p. v., Knox CO., Tenn. : on BuUrun cr. of 
Clinch r., 153 m. W. Nashville, 

AcADEMiA, p. v., Juniata co., Penn. : SI m. W. Harris- 
burg. 

Academy, p. o., Ontario co., IT. Y.: 180 m. W. Albany. 

AcoATiNK, p. v., Fairfax co., Virg. : 93 m. N. Rich- 
mond. 

Accident, p. v., Alleghany co., Md. : on Youghiogeny 
r, 2 m. below Pennsylvania Une, and 168 m. W. N. W. An- 
napolis. 

AccoMAO county, Virg. Situate on E. shore of Chesa- 
peake Bay, and contains 4S0 sq. m. Several islands in the 
adjacent waters belong to this county. Surface level, and 
soil mostly sandy. Corn and oats are the chief products, 
and some small quantity of cott4iu is grown. Farms 1,007; 
nianuf 17; dwell. 2,540, and pop.— wh. 9,742, fr. col. 3,161, 
si. 4,937— total, 17,890. Capital : Accomac C. H. 

AccoMAC Court-house, p. v., and cap. Accomac co., 
Virg : near the centre of the peninsula so called Drum- 

SIONDSIOWN. 

AcooRP, p. v., Ulster co., 27'. F! ; on Rondout cr., 64 m. 
S. S. W. Albany. 

AcuoR, p. v., Columbiana co., Ohio : 132 m. E. N. E. Co 
lumbus. 

Ackwobth, p. v., Cobb co., Ga. : 93 m. N. "W. Millcdg&- 
ville. 

AcKWOHTH, t. and p. v., Sullivan co., IT. Uam/p. : on N« 
side of Cold r., and 36 m. W. Concord. Pop. 1,251. 

81 



ACQ 



ADD 



AcQUACKANON'CK, t. and p. v., Passaic co., ^. Jer. : 
at head of navigation of Passaic r., 61 m. N. E. Trenton. 

AcQiTiNTON, p. v., King William co., Virg. 

AcBA, p. v., Greene co., iV! 11 ; 37 m. S. S. W. Albany. 

Acton, p. t, York co., Me. : near the head waters of Sal- 
mon Falls r., SO in. S. W. Augusta. Pop. 1,3S9. 

Acton, t and p. v., Middlesex co., Mass. : on N. of Stow 
r., 23 m. N. "W. Boston. Pop. 1,605. 

Acton Coeneb, p. o., Tork co., Me, : 83 m. S. "W, Au- 
gusta. 

Ada, t. and p. v., Kent co., Mich. : at the junction of 
Thorn Apple and Grand rivers, 4S m. "W. S. W. Lansing. 

Adaies, p. v., Nachitoches par., La. : on a cr. of Spanish 
Lake, 148 m. W. N. W. Baton Kouge. 

Adaie county, Ky. Situate 8. centrally, and contains 
440 sq. m. Drained by affluents of Green and Cumberland 
rivers. Surface hilly and broken ; soil various, but of av- 
erage fertility. Wheat, com, oata, and tobacco are the prin- 
cipal products, and some cotton. Farms 1,010; manuf. 19; 
dweU. 1,513, and po^— wh. 2,233, fr. col. 108, si. 1,T07— total, 
9,S98. Cajnt<il: Columbia. 

Adaie county, Mo. Situate N. E., and contains 560 eq. 
m. Drained by the head waters of numerous rivers flow- 
ing to the Mississippi, and by Chariton r., which passes 
thi'ough it. Surface level, and chiefly prairie or bottoms : 
Boila fertile. Farms 326 ; manuf. 5 ; dwell. 3S3, and pop. 
—wh. 2,283, fr. col. 8, si. 51— total, 2,842. Capital: Kirks- 
viUe. 

Adaie county, /«. Situate S. W., and coDtaina 576 sq. m. 
Taken from Pottowottamie in 1851. 

Adairsville, p. v., Cass co., Ga.: on N. W. of county, 
and 183 m. N. W. MiUedgevUle. 

Adauisville, p. v., Logan co., Ky. : on E. side Whip- 
poorwill cr., 164 ra. W. S. W. Frankfort. 

Adams county. III. Situate W. on Mississippi r., and con- 
tains 760 sq. m. Drained by Bear cr. and several streams 
tributary to the Illinois. Surface level or undulating — 
chie6y prairie : soils very rich, producing wheat, Indian 
com, oats, etc., abundantly, and some tobacco. Farms 
2,294 ; manuf. 118 ; dwell. 4,459, and pop.— wh. 26,370, fr. coL 
138— total, 26,508. Capital : Quincy. 

Adams county, Jful. Situate N. E., and contains 336 sq. 
m. It is drained in the N. by St, Mary's r., and in the S. 
by the Wabash. Surface generally level, but near the riv- 
ers undulating, mostly covered with timber. Soil marly 
clay, and very fertile, producing large quantities of wheat, 
Indian com, and hay; and horses, cattle, and hogs are ex- 
ported. Farms 576; manuf. 11 ; dwell. 1,002, and pop. — 
wh. 5,789, fr. col. 8— total, 5,797. Capital : Decatur. 

Adams county, la. Situate S. W., and contains 432 sq. m. 
Taken from Pottowottamie in 1S5I. 

Adams county. Miss. Situate S. W. on Mississippi r., and 
contains 44S sq. ra. Drained by the Homoehito r. and oth- 
er streams. Surface moderately hilly, except in the neigh- 
borhood of the river, where there are extensive alluvial 
tracts. Indian com and cotton are the principal pro- 
ducts. Famia 136; manuC15; dwell. 900, and pop.— wh. 
8,952, rr. col. 255, si. 14,415— total, 18,622. Capital : Wash- 
ington. Puhlic Works: Natchez and Malcolm i;. R. 

Adams county, Ohio. Situate S. on Ohio r., and contains 
560 sq. m. Drained chiefly by Bmsh cr. Surface some- 
what hilly, and the soils of average fertility. The principal 
products arc wheat, Indian corn, and oats. Iron ore of fine 
quality is found in this county. Farms 1,509 ; manuf. 26 ; 
dwell. 3,205, and pop.— wh. 18,828, fr. col. 55— total, 18,883. 
Capit<d: West Union. 

Adams county. Penn. Situate S., and contains 529 sq. 
m. Drained by Conewaga cr. and the head waters of Mo- 
nocacy r. Surface uneven, and soils fertile. Wheat, In- 
dian corn, and oats are the chief products. Farms 1,902 ; 
manuf. 124; dwell. 4,386, and pop.— wh. 25,426, fr. col. 655 
—total, 25,981. Capital : Gettysburg. 

Adams county, WUc Siluate centrally, and contains 



2,376 sq. m. Drained by tributaries of Wisconsin r., which 
runs through it. Surface undulating and well wooded 
with a soil of great fertility. Farms — ; dwell. 40, and pop. 
187. Capital : 

Adams, p. v., Irwin co., Ga. : 86 m. S. MilledgeviUo. 

Adams, L and p. v., Berkshire co., Mass. : on Hoosic r, 
191 m. N. N. W. Boston. Pop. 6,172. 

Adams, t. and p. v., UUlsdale co., 3{ich. : 62 m. S. Lansing. 

Adams, p. v., Adams co., JU. : 84 m. W. Springfield. 

Adams, t and p. v., Jefferson co., K. Y. : on Sandy cr., 146 
m. W. N. W. Albany. The Watertown and Eome E. E. runs 
by the village. Pop. of L 3,1 06. 

Adams, t. and p. v., Seneca co., Ohio: on a cr. of San- 
dusky r., &4 m. N. Columbus. Pop. 1,416. 

Adams, p. v., and cap. Sauk co., Wise. : on Baraboo r.,42 
m. N. W. Madison. 

Adams, p. v., Walworth co.. Wise. : 61 m. S. E. Madison. 

Adams Basin, p. v., Moiiroe co,, 2^. Y. : on Erie Canal, 
198 m. W. Albany. 

Adamsbtteg, p. v., Westmoreland co., Penn.: on a cr. 
of Youghiogeny r., and near the PennBylvania E. E., 146 
m. W. ilarrisburg. Pop.'30T. 

Adamsbttkg, p. v.. Gasconade co., Mo. : on Au Bceuf r., 
36 m. E. Jeff"erson City. 

Adams' Centee, p. v., Jefferson co., 2^. Y. : 144 m. W. 
Albany. 

Adams' Millb, p. o., Pulaski co,, Ky. : 81 m. 8. E. Frank- 
fort. 

Adams' Mtlm, p. v., Muskin^ozn co., Ohio: on Ohio Ca- 
nal, 61 m. W. Columbus. 

Adams' Run, p. o., Colleton dist, S. Car. 

Adamstown, p. v., Frederick co., Md,: on Monocacy 
r., 59 m. N. W. Annapolis. 

Adamstown, p. v., Lancaster co., Penn. : at the head of 
Conestoga cr., 43 m. E. Ilarrisburg. 

A damsville, p. v., Franklin co., Mass. : 79 m. W. Boston. 

Adajisville, p. v., Cass co., Mk'?t. : on Christiana r., 63 
m. S. W. Lansing. 

Adamsville, p. v., Muskingum co., Ohio: 69 m, E. Co- 
lumbus. 

Adamsyilie, p. v., Crawford co., Penn.: 216 m. N. W. 
n-orrisburg. 

Adamsville, p. v., Morgan co., Ky. : 9S m. E. Frankfort 

Adamsville, p. v., M*Nairy co., Te7m.: 119 m. S. W. 
Kashville. 

Adamsville, p. v., Newport co., K. I. 

Adamsville, p. v., Washington co., A1 K : 48 m. N. Al- 
bany. 

Adaeio, p. v., Eichland co., Ohio: 69 m. N. N. W. Co- 
lumbus. 

Addison comty, Verm. Situate W. on Lake Cham- 
plain, and contains 724 sq. m. Drained by Otter cr. and 
Mad and White rivers. Surface finely variegated by hill 
and dale. In the E. it is mountainous, and the soils good, 
especially those near the lake and rivers. A beautiAil white 
marble is quarried at Middlebury. Wheat. Indian com, 
and potatoes are the chief products. Farms 2,292 ; manuf. 
157 ; dwell. 4,679, and pop.— wh. 25,426, fr. col. 108— total, 
26.549. Capital : UidiUehMTy. PulUc Works :Iiu\limd and 
Buriington E. E. • 

Addison, p. v., Washington CO., Wise: 54 m. E.Madison. 

Addison, p. v., Du Page co., JU. : 16S m. N. W. Spring- 
field. 

Addison, t. and p. v., Steuben co., K Y. : on Canisteo r., 
179 m. W. S. W. Albany. Pop. 3,721. 

Addison, p. v., Gallia co., Ohio: on Ohior., 89 m. 8. E. 
Columbus. 

Addison, t. and p. v., Somersetco., Pemu : on the Toughi* 
ogcny r., 2 m. from State line, and 188 m. W. S. TV, Harris- 
burg. 

Addison, t and p. v., Addison co., Term. : near Lake 
Champlain, and 46 m. W. N. W. Monlpelier. Pop. 1,279 

AnnisoN Point, p. o., Washington co., Me. 



ADE 



AnKUNK, p. v., Ogle CO., m.: on Leaf r, a tributary of 
Kuck r., 17!) ni. N. Spriiii-'flcW- 

Ai.i-,i.L. p. v., anil cap. Dallas Co., la. : on Eaccoon cr. of 
D« .Moines r., 13'2 m. W. Iowa Cil.v. 

Adelpiii, p. v., Kos3 CO., Ohio: on a cr. of Scioto r., 3T 
m. S. S. W. Columbus. 

Adirondack, p. v., Essex co., X. T. : near llie sources of 
Adironilack r., l,SOn feet above the ocean, ami famous for 
the deposits of magnetic iron ore in ila vicinity; 95 m. 
N. N. W. Albany. 

Ainno.vi.icK mountains, iK K .- a cluster of mountams 
S. W. of Lake Champlain. Mt. Marey, one of the peaks, is 
6,4r,I feet high, and there are others ranging from 3,000 to 
6/100 feet In general altitude they are little inferior to the 
White Mouutainsof New Ilarapshire, and, like them, abound 

with the most magnillcent scenery. 

Adirondack river, jv: Y. : one of the head branches of 
the Hudson r., rising in the Adirondack mis. It is about 20 
miles long, and flows through lakes Henderson and San- 
ford, which are 1,900 feet above the ocean. 

Admiralty Inlet, Oreg.: an inlet or natural canal of 
rugefs Sound, in the N. W. part of the Territory, and 
emptying into the Strails of San Juan de Kuca. 

Adolpii, p. v., Chatham co., N. Car. 

Adrian, p. v., and cap. Lenawee Co., MU-h.: at the junc- 
tion of Beaver cr. and liaisin r., and on the Southern R. P.., 
60 m. S. E. Lansing. It is a flourishing village, with sev- 
eral mills and factories. Two newspapers are issued, the 
"Watch-Tower," weekly, and the "Family Favorite," 
monthly. Pop. of t. 3,009. 

Adriance, p. v., Dutchess CO., N'. T. : on the Hopewell 
setllcment, 79 ra. S. Albany. 

Ahamexticus mountain. Me. .• three elevations in Tork 
CO., 4 m. from the sea, and a noted landmark. The high- 
est summit has an elevation of 673 feet. 



ALA 

AoAWA.M. p. v., Hampden eo., Mass. : on W. side of C^.n- 
ueclieut r., 74 m. W. Boston. It has several mills and lac- 
tories. 

Ages'cy City, p. v., Wapello co., 7a. : CI m. S. W. Iowa 
City. 

Aoxsw'a Mills, p. o., Venango CO., renn. : IGS m. N. W . 
Harrisburg. 

Ai, p. v., and cap. Fulton co., Ohio: 132 m. N. W. Co- 
lumbus. 

Aid, t and p. v., Lawrence co., Ohio : on Symmes cr., 
92 m. S. S. W. C.ilumbus. Pop. SS4. 

Aiken, p. v., Barnwell dist., t>;. Car.: on S. side Shaw's 
cr. of Edisto r., M m. S. W. Cohmibia, and on the line of 
the S. Car. K. K., 120 m. W. Charleston. Pop. SoO. 

Aikin*s Store, p. o., Montgomery co.. Ark. : 07 m. W. .S. 
W. Little P.ock. 

Air Mount, p. o., Clark co., Ala. : 102 m. W. S. W. Mont- 
gomery. 

Akbon, p. v., Erio CO., AC Y. : on Muddy cr, 2M m. W. 
Albany. 

Akron, p. v., an<l cap. Summit co., Ohio: on Little Cuy- 
ahoga r., at the junction of the Ohio and Erie, and Ohio 
and Pennsylvania Canals, and at the terminus of tlio Akron 
branch of Pitlsburg and Cleveland E. K. The village has 
numero^ industrial esIablishnn-nLs and considerable tr.ide. 
Two newspapers, the "Summit Beacon," and the "Free 
Democratic Standard," are issued weekly. Pop. 3,220. 

Alabama, 1. and p. v., Genesee Co., JS\ Y. : 240 m. W. Al- 
bany, on Tonawanda cr., which, in the N. W. part of the 
town, furnishes a feeder to the Erie Canal. Pop. 2,0,")4. 

Alabama river, Ala. : is formed by the union of the 
Coosa and Tallapoos.a, and flowing S. W., it unites with 
Tombigbee r., forming Mobile r., 4S m. above Moi>ile Bay. 
It affords, in connection with ila branches, a great line of 
interior navigation. 



THE STATE OF ALABAMA. 



Alabama is bounded on the north by Tennessee, on the east by Georgia and Florida, on the south by Flor.da and the 
GiHf ofTetieo ami on the west by Milsissippi, and extends generally between latitudes 31o and 350 north, and long- 
m eslsoio'and SSO SP w«t from Greenwich, or SO OS' an.l 11° 29' from Washington; a narrow stnp, however, extends 
oh beyond The main body of the St.ate between Florida and Mississippi, reaching the Gul of Mexico which , stnk« m 
nb u 3 10^ Its length from north to south, excluding the strip of land .above ment^ned, ,s 22hm.es, and M, b eadth 
varks from 46 miles on the north line to 210 on the south line; and the area of the State is 50,722 square mdes. 

The nrh-eastem part of Alabama, being traversed by several ridges of the AUeghanies which termmate m h,s State, 
is decidedly mountainous, but presents nowhere any considerable elevations. South of this mountam region the surmce 
has "o-cncral declivity towari the Gulf of Mexico, tirst descending gradually from mountams to high hills and hen 
sinking to a vast plain, scarcely broken except by gentle swells ; and the more southern portion ,s a dead evel, but little 
Jl?ove the water surface of the ocean. The southern half of the State consists of ex ensire prairies and pine-barrens 
toterspersedwith alluvial river bottoms of great fcrlility ; and the lands of the centre and north are generally covered with 
"lood f not a very rich and productive soil. In the valley of the Tennessee, which occupies so large an area in the northern 
partof Ihe State, .alluvion is the prevailing formation; and the rich bottom-lands of this region are extensive, and form 
one of the richest agrieuUural districts wilhin the limits of the State. 

With the exception of the Tennessee, which takes a circular sweep through Northern Alabama, but receives no con- 
siderable tributary on its southern side, all the rivers flow into the Gulf of Mexico ; nearly the whole surface mdeed is 
drained into one single channel, the Mobile Eiver, which by several large arms gathers up the waters of the whole south- 
ern slope except those of a comparatively small tract in tlio south-east. The Chattahoochee although a large slream, and 
washing the eastern border for more than a hundred miles, receives only a few inconsiderable streams fVom this state ; 
and the Choclawhatchee, Conecuh, and Perdido are, in point of size, secondary rivers The Mobile, the great river 
of Alabama, is formed by the junction of two large rivers, the Alabama and Tombigbee, 50 mdes above Mobile Bay. A 
few miles below its junction it gives out a large branch, called the Tensaw. which receives also an arm from the Alah.™a 
and reaches Mobile Bay at Blakely. The Tombigbee. or Western Branch of the Mobile ,s ormed by- the confluence of two 
large streams, the Tombigbee Proper from Mississippi, and .he Black Warrior from Northern Alabama. It =■< ""l^ '''- 
sels drawing Ave or six feet of water to St. Stephens, 93 miles from the bay, and steamboate to Tuscaloosa on he Black 
Warrior, 235 miles, .and to Columbus, on the Tombigbee Proper, in Mississippi, about 300 miles. The length of^liis rn er 




of th;7i«;," and even t;"wetum'pka;on the Coosa, several miles above. The C,«sa and Tallapoosa »'»'l'^''!'' "'™^^^ 
in Georgia. The navigation of all these rivers, however, is interrupted during the season of low water in the summer 
months, and at best affords only a precarious means of transport for merchandise. j. „ „„„ „f .„„„ m miles 

The sea-coast of Alabama extends only from the Perdido to the western line of the State, a d, tance °f »°™ jW J'l^^' 
but it contains Mobile Bay, one of the largest and deepest basins on the Gulf, and the great outlet of the na^^gable wa- 



ALABAMA. 



ters of the iStatc. This fine sheet of water is about 30 miles long, and from three to IS miles broiul. and the main on 
trance has 15 feet of water at low tide, but vessels of more than eight or nine feet draft cannot approach nearer than 10 
or 11 miles from Mobile City, except at hi;^h wat<?r. Smaller vessels may go hence to New Orleans by an inland chan- 
nel through Pascagonla Sound, a long, narrow lagoon, lying between a range of low eand-islands and the mainland. 
Terdido Hay, on the south-eastern edge of the State, is of little consequence to commerce, and is, moreover, difficult of 
access, on account of the sand-bars and islands which block its entrance to the sea. 

Alabama has great mineral resources. The whole central region is underlaid with vast beds of iron ore, or occupied 
by coa! measures of great thickness and extent. The coal found here is of a highly bituminous character, and well 
adapted for steamboats and factories, and being in juxtaposition with the iron ores, will greatly facilitate the progress of 
mining industry. The country in this region is also well wooded, fertile, and easily attained from all directions, and in 
the succession of events must eventually become of great importance to the whole South. Bloomeries and rolling mills, 
with other establishments for manufacturing iron, have already been erected, and the products of these have become 
both extensive and valuable. The principal seats of these operations are on the Cahawba and Coosa rivers. Besitlea 
coa! and iron, Alabama yields lead ore, manganese, several descriptions of ochres, limestone, and marbles, and iu the 
north-eastern section gold in considerable quantities has been collected. Lead ore, or galena, is found in the limestone 
formation, chiefly in Benton County : it is a pure sulphuret an^ granular, closely attached to the rock, and passes it in 
irregular bunches. The carbonate is also found, and in its neighborhood there are veins of cabc spar and sulphate of 
barytea. Manganese occurs also in the limestone region, and has been used in the manufacture of chloride of lime. The 
ochres occur chiefly near Bucksville, and the red ochre found here is sufficiently rich to be used as an ore of iron. The 
marbles found in this State occur most plentifully on the Cahawba, and many of the beds afibrd specimens of great 
beauty : some are gray, with red veins ; others are red and yellow, and speciniena with greenish veins are not uncom- 
mon. There is also a bufl'-colored marble, filled with organic remains, and beds of white crystalline marble, clouded 
with red, occur. Black marble is also abundant The compactness and thickness of these formations are such as to 
elicit a favorable opinion of then* value, and cause them to be looked upon with great interest in connection with the 
industrial resources of the State. The resources of Alabama, however, have never been thoroughly examined; but 
there can be little doubt, taking the present knowledge of its mineral deposits as an index, that the researches now being 
instituted, will result in further and more valuable disclosures of a vast wealth of mineral within its borders, and be the 
means of placing the State in the first rank of mineral-producing districts. 

The soil, climate, and vegetation of Alabama vary with the position and elevation of ita several parts. In the north, 
where mountain is tho prevailing feature, the soil is but moderately fertile, but in the intervales there is much that cannot 
be excelled. The climate is here moderate, and the vegetation hardy: it is the region of the cereals, and a fine grazing 
country. The central parts of this State, less elevated and undulating, are well watered, and in the river-bottoms the 
land is extremely rich and productive. Tho valley of the Alabama is one of the most fertile regions of the Union. In 
the south the climate is vefy warm, the soils rich, but with great exceptions, and the principal growths of a tropical char- 
acter. The sugar-cane has been found to succeed well in the extreme southern strip between Florida and Mississippi, 
and indigo was formerly raised in considerable quantities; rice, also, grows well in the alluvial bottoms near the Gulf; 
but cotton, which thrives throughout tho State, is the great agricultural staple. The natiu-al growths and animals are in 
no way different from those of the neighboring States on the Gulf of Mexico. The most common of animals is the deer, 
and the country abounds in turkeys, partridges, geese, ducks, and various other species of smaller game; and fish in 
abundance may be taken in the rivers and "bays. 

Alabama was comprised within the limits of Georgia until 1S02, when that State ceded her lands west of Chattahoochee 
river to the United States; and in 1817 Alabama was separated from Mississippi, and erected into a Territory; in 1820 
it was admitted into the Union as an independent Sta.te. In ISIO the population was scarcely 10,000, but since then its 
growth has been extremely rapid, there having been a constant tide of immigration, chiefly planters, from the Atlantic 
States, In 1S20 it contained 1-27,901 inhabitants; in 1830, 809,527; in 1S40, 590,766; and in 1850, 771,671, of which 
426,507 wero white persons, 2,272 free colored, and S42,S92 slaves. 

In 1850 the State was divided into two districts, the "Northern" and the "Southern." The ITbrthem Diiftrict com- 
prised the counties of Benton, Blount, Cherokee, De Kalb, Fayette, Franklin, Hancock, Jackson, Jefferson, Lauderdale, 
Lawrence, Lewistown, Madison, Marion, Marshall, Morgan, St. Clair, and Walker; and the Southern I>htricf, the coun- 
ties of Autauga, Baldwin, Barbour, Bibb, Botler, ChamlK;rs, Choctaw, Clarke, Coffee, Conecuh, Coosa, Covington, Dale, 
Dallas, Green, llenry, Lowndes, Macon, Marengo, Mobile, Monroe, Montgomery, Terry, Pike, Pickens, Randolph, Rus- 
sell, Shelby, Sumter, Talladega, Tallapoosa, Tuscaloosa, Wilcox, and Washington. The IS counties in the north con- 
tained 214,666 inhabitants, of which 151,690 were whites, 495 free colored, and 62,4-81 slaves; and the S4 counties m tho 
south, 557,005, of which 274,817 wero whites, 1,777 free colored, and 280,411 slaves. Deaf and dumb, in the whole 
State, 211 ; blind, 308; insane, 245, and idiotic, 505. 

Alabama is principally engaged in agricultural pursuits; but it has also an increasing manufacturing interest, and a 
flourishing commerce. Ita principal agricultural staples are cotton and sugar ; and its chief manufactures arc coarse 
cotton fabrics, iron, machinery", agricultural implements, carriages, etc. The statistics of its various interests in 1860 
were as follows : 

Oceup^M Lands, ^c— Improved lands, 4,435.614 acres, and unimproved, 7,702,067 acres, valued at $64,323,224. 
Number of farms, 41,964. Value of farming implements and machinery, $5,125.06;3. 

Live Stock.—lloTscs, 120.001 : asses and mules, 59,895 ; milch cows, 227,291 ; working oxen, 66.961 ; other cattle, 
433,263; sheep, 871,880; and swine, 1,904.540— valued at $21,690,112. 

Pro(?tiCfe.— Wheat, 294,044 bushels; rye, 17,261; Indian corn, 28,754,048; oats, 2.9C5.G97; barley, 3,953 ; buckwheat, 
843; peas and heans, 892,701 ; Irish potatoes, 246,001; sweet potatoes, 5,475,304 bushels; rice, 2.311.252 pounds: tobnc- 
ro, 164,990 pounds; ginned cotton, 5W,429 bales of 400 pounds; hay, 32.685 tons; clover seed, 133 bushels, and other 
grass seed, 547; hops, 276 pounds ; water-rotted hemp, 70 tons; flax, 3,841 pounds; flaxseed, 67 bushels ; maple sugar, 
643 pounds; cane sugar, 8,243 hogsheads of 1,000 pounds; molasses, a3,428 gallons ; wine. 220 gallons ; value of products 
of orchard, $15,408, and of market-gardens, $.84.821 ; beeswax and honey, 897,021 pounds ; silk cocoons, 167 pounds ; 
wool, 657,118 pounds; butter, 4,008,811, and cheese, 81,412 pounds; and the value of animals slaughtered, $4,823,485. 
Home-made manufactures were valued at $1,934,120. 

J/(MiH/a('^wre.s.— Aggregate capital invested, $im(,OO0,OO0; value of raw material, fuel, etc-, consumed, $00,000,000; 
average number of hands employed, 00,000— males, 00,000, and females, 00,000; average monthly cost of male labor, 



ALABAMA. 



raw material, $23T,fi31 



and to fema.™, $2,946;' value o'f products fur the y^'^' ^^^^^^^^ 
790 OOO lbs. yam. Capit-il employed in cast-iron manulact.irc, !f21b,5,5 , ^ al ue o 
„..,' „. „ „ „.„„. iw (IS ner month : Mstines made, 1,91,5 tons ; value of 



themanufactnreofp,,-,rona„dlmth w-^^^^^^^ 

vtra^e num ,i , , ^_^ ^_^.^^ 3,081,000 yards sheolmg, cte., and 

> of raw material, $102,085 : hands employed, 
21. at average wase,; $30 05per month; castings made, 1,91.5 tons; value of all P'°'^^^f'^'"''''fJ^^i;'^^^^^^^ 
S;;^:^ironma^.^heZu...»ofp^^^ 

Tl^Z:^';^^::^^^^:^^^^^^^ country, m MohUe, ^d some of tho larger int..rior 



Mobile is the only port open t<5 the foreign trade. Shipping 



and, fkarances, 1S2 vessels, and 

n' vi^-tted by steam is 12,02S tons, chiefly employed on the rivers. During the year, three schooners of 113 tons « tre 
budi. The fouorng table wiU exhibit the movement of foreign commerce in this State, f^om ISIS to 1S51 : 

Imports. IV-irs. Exporta. 

1S29 $1.693,9.')S . 

1S30 2,294,954 . 

1831 2,41.'!,894 . 



Y.?3ra. Exports. 

181 J $96,S.5T . 

1819 50,906 . 

1S20 9G,6:J6 . 

1821 108,960 . 

1822 209,743 . 

1823 200,337 . 

460,727 . 

692,6:35 . 



86,421 
125,770 

91,604 
11.3,411 



1832... 


.. 2,736,387 


1833 ... 


.. 2,.527,961 


18.34 . . . 


.. 5,670,797 


18.35 ... 


... 7,574,692 


13.36 ... 


...11,184.166 


1S37 ... 


... 9.671,401 


18.33 ... 
1S39 ... 


... 9,683,244 



Import 3. 
. $233,730 
. 144.823 
. 224,4.35 
. 107,787 
. 265,918 
. 396,361 
. ,525,!155 
. 6.51.613 
. 609,385 



Years. 


Export?. 


Imports. 


1840 . . 


...$12,8.54.094 ... 


. . $574,651 


1841 .. 


... 10,981,271 ... 


.. 630.819 


1842 .. 


... 9.96.-.,675 ... 


.. 363,871 


184S .. 


... 11,1,57,460 ... 


. . 860,0,55 


1844.. 
1845 .. 


... 9,907.054 ... 


... «2,818 






1S46 .. 


... 5.260„317 ... 


... 269,607 


1847 .. 


. . . 9,0.51,580 . . . 


... 3911,161 


1848 .. 


... 11,927,749 ... 


... 419,396 


1849 .. 


. . . 12,833,725 . . . 


... 6r,7,U7 


1850 .. 


. . . 10,544,853 . . . 


... 86.5,362 



1324 

1825 692,6:35 ii3,4it i>™ yzv": ;:;,;'ock 

1326 1,527,112 179,.554 

18-27 1,376,:SM 201,909 

1S23 1,132,659 171,909 




Railroad 209 miles Ion-, extends from Selma to Guntersville ; tho Montgomery and West Point Eadroad is 80 m.Ies long 
fnd here are s^m otSer important lines chartered, and some in progress : these have been of eo.nparahvcly stna I beneSt 
afy^rut Xn op™ d for commerce, and their exterior connections built, the elfeet they will have m st.mulatmg proK 
Ltton a. d coiumpt on, will be felt in every direction-tho latent mineral wealth of the State w> 1 be dtsentombed the 
fine '"t^nland'ontte rivers will be entered and cultivated, mechanic trades wiU be demanded everywhere, and the 
whole eoun^ will e3n,erience a beneficial change in its material welfare. Besides these avenues of comtnc-rce, Alabama 
:i rc=il,The "luscle Shoab Canal," and the "Huntsvil.e Canal;" the former 85i miles long --J "-"r'extnd" 
the north bank of the Tennessee, and designed to overcome tho ohstraetion caused by the shoals ; and the latter extend- 
in" from Triana on the Tonaessee, 16 milea, to Hunts^alle. 

Ba2 -to January, 18,50, there was one bank in the State-the Bank of the State of Alal,ama-w.th branches at the 
prmc pal pit. I,., i^gre^ate condition, as published in the General Bank returns by the Federal Gov',rnment, ,, 
elibu:^ ^ the following tig^^res ; ^,..<.,-loans and discounts, $2,116,591 ; «t"cks «71,018 ; real estate «l.A601;om- 
investments $1 "■■><> 201 ; due by other banks, $923,209 ; notes of other banks, 16.029, and specie, $1,30. 393 ; ai^d h M^ 
Z.!i"S $i:6oi'ooo'; circulation, $2,553,363; deposits, $1,216,319; due other banks, $20,740; and other habamcs, 

*^e««««.-The Constitution provides that every white male citizen of the United States twenty-one years of age. 



» resident of the State one year, and in the county, city, or town three months next preceding, may 



vote for the election of 

aU constitutional officers. The executive power is vested in a Governor, who is chosen by a I'.'"^"'^ "^ ^"'/^ ,["[ •;™ '■■^^;'^ 
he must be at least thirty years of age, a citizen of the United States, and have resided in the State four j e.r.^ The 
General Assembly consists of a Senate and House of Eepresentatives : the Senate o 33 members, »f '^^ f J™: J^"' 
one half biemiially. and the House of 100 members, elected for two years. The qualifications extend """y '^/^ "°^ f^ 
idence. The Assembly meets in Montgomery on tho second Monday in November every second year, commencing 
1827. Tho Judiciary consists of a Supreme Court, with a Chief .lustiee and two associate Justices a "'■P"*'' f '"™'^ 
General, and Clerk; a Court of Chancery, with separate chanceUors for the three districts of the State, " °« CmJU't 
Courts, each with a Judge., Solicitor, etc. ; County, or Probate Courts, etc.. The judges of the Supreme and CLincery 
• Courts are elected bv joint vote of both houses of the legislamre for six years The Supreme Court has appclhile juris- 



ALA 



ALB 



diction only, iind holds its apasions at the capital, annually, on the first Monday of January and June, for the hearing 
and determining points of kiw taken by appeal or writ of error from the Chancery. Circuit, and Probate Courts. The 
volumes of reported decisions are 87 in number. For chancery legislation the Slate is divided into 3 Divisions and 3T 
Districts, in each of which at least one court is held annually. Circuit courts have jurisdiction in all civil and criminal 
cases in the State, and hold two sessions (spring and fall), in each county annually. In Mobile county criminal jurisdic- 
tion has been transferred to the Special City court of Mobile, which holds three terms each year, and has concurrent 
jurisdiction with the Circuit Courts, except in real actions. The judges of probate are also clerks of the court and re- 
gisters of deeds for their respective counties. 

Alabama, under the >aw regulating the distribution of Representativea to Congress, has b delegation oTsevm members. 

Finance.s. — On the Slst December, 1S49, the foreign debt of the State amounted to $6,693,9SS DS, and the domestic debt 
to $1,S4&.220 99— total debt $S,539,109 97. The annual liabilities of the State are— interest on debt $418,627 70, and the 
estimated current expenses of the government $97,678— total $510,305 70. The immediate means of the treasury on the 
1st Nov., 1S49, were— balance from former dates $588,792 44, taxes for 1850 $4S7,9S7 48, and interest on $1,100,000 U. 8. 
6 per cent, stock owned by the State $66,000— total $1,092,779 92, from which deduct annual disbursements, and the 
balance will be $596,474 22, of which $433,016 is the amount of notes of the Slate bank in the treasury. The real balance 
then is $178,458 22, which sum is morever liable for $60,000, appropriated for the rebuilding of the State House, liunil in 
Dec, 1S49. The State has resources besides the V. S. stock, and the treasury balance above alluded to, amounting to 
$1,766,907 64, its interest in the State bank, etc., all which may be applied to the discharge of the public debt. 

Jieligimis Denmnmatkm-'i. — The statistics of the principal denominations, according to their own returns in 1 850, were 
as follows : Presbyterians, 85 churches, 52 ministers, and 4,280 members ; Protestant Episcopal, 13 churches, 23 ministers, 
and 718 members ; Methodist Episcopal, 573 ministers, and 48,091 members ; Baptists, 516 churches, 302 ministers, and 
86,421 members ; Roman Catholics, 11 churches, 20 ministers, and 9,000 members, etc. The Protestant Episcopal Church 
is under the Bishop of Alabama, and the Roman Catholic Church under the Bishop of Mobile, the see of the latter 
including also West Florida. Besides these, the minor churches are all more or less in existence. 

Education. — Alabama has not been unmindfid of the education of its citizens, and has many highly efficient educa- 
tional establishments. Besides its primary and common schools, academies, etc.. which are comparatively numerous, 
there are the University of Alabama, at Tuscaloosa, founded in 1S3S; La Grange College, founded in 1830; Spring Hill 
College, founded in 1830 ; Howard College, at Marion, founded in 1841, and others of various distinction. The Univer- 
sity had in 1850, 9 teachers, 107 alumni, of which 16 were ministers, and 91 students— and a library of 7,123 volumes; 
the college at La Grange had 6 teachers, 111 alumni, and 70 students— and a library of 3,700 volumes : the college at 
Spring Hill had 12 teachers and 70 students — and a library of 4,000 ; and Howard College had 5 teachers and 70 students— 
and a library of 2,450 volumes. At Marion is also located the Howard Theological Institution, under Baptist auspices, 
and there are Law and Medical Schools attached to the University. 

Periodical Press. — The whole number of periodicals published in Alabama is 61, of which 31 are whig and 23 dem- 
ocratic in their policy, and 13 are devoted to literature, science, religion, etc. ; 6 are issued daily, 4 tri-wcekly, 1 semi- 
weekly, 49 weekly, and 1 semi-monthly. The circulation of the daily papers is in the aggregate 9,177 copies ; of the tri- 
weekly 550 copies ; of the semi-weekly — copies ; of the weekly 24,120 copies, and of the semi-monthly 750 copies — 
making in the aggregate about 4,230,441 copies annually. 
MoNTGOiEEEY 18 the State capital. 



Alacitua county, Flor. Situate E. centrally, and contains 
about 1,800 sq. m. Surface varied, but mostly level, and 
drained by head sources of Santa F§ r. and other streams. 
There are several lakes in the S. and E. portions, which 
communicate with St John's r. Soil highly congenial to 
all Southern staples. Farms 233; dwell. 274, and pop. — 
wh. 1,617, fr. col. 1, al. 90&-total, 2,524. Capital: New- 
nansville. 

ALAcinrA savannah, Flor. : situate N. W., in E. Flor., 
and comprises a fine savannah, about 50 m. in circumfer- 
ence, without a tree or bush, but encircled with hills, cov- 
ered with forests and orange groves on a very rich soil. 
The ancient Alachua Indian frown stood on the borders of 
this savannah, but the Indians removed on account of the 
unhealthiness of the locality. 

Alaiedon, p. v., Ingham co., Mich.: on a cr. of Grand 
r., 12 m. S. E. Lansing. Pop. 420. 

Alamo, p. v., Montgomery co., Iiid. : on a branch of 
Sugar cr., 42 ra. "W. N. W. Indianapolis. 

Alamo, t. and p. v., Kalamazoo co., Mich. : on a cr. of 
Kalamazoo r., 46 m. W. S. W. Lansing. 

Alamooe, p. o., Reynolds co., Mo. : 113 m. S. S. E. Jef- 
ferson City. 

Alamtjtcha, p. v., Lauderdale co., Miss. : 93 m. E. Jack- 
son. 

Alanthits Gbote, p. c, Gentry co., Mo. : 161 m. N. W. 
Jefferson City. 

Alapada, p. v., Lowndes co., Ga. : 210 m. S. Milledge- 
viUe. 

Alapaha river, Ga. : a luMinch of Suwannee r, rising in 
Dooly CO., and having a S. E. and S. course to the junction 
n Hamilton co., Flor. : it is navigable for boata throughout 
Ita whole length of 113 m. 
36 



Alaqita, p. v., Walton, co., Hor. : on a cr. so called, 114 
m. W. Tallahassee. 

Alaeka, p. T., Macon co., M Car. : 276 m. "W. S. "W. Ra- 
leigh. 

Alatamaha river, Ga. : a navigable stream, formed by 
the union of the Ockmulgee and Oconee rivers. After a 
course of about 100 m. from tlie junction, flowing in a gentle 
stream through forests and plains, it empties through sev- 
eral mouths into Alatamaha Sound, GO m. S. W. of Savan- 
nah, and thence passes to the Atlantic Ocean. It is navi- 
gable on both branches for about 800 m. for boats of 30 tons. 
The bar at the mouth has 14 feet of water at low tide. 

Alatamaha sound, Ga. : an arm of the Atlantic, which 
receives the Alatamaha r. It contains a number of beauti- 
ful islands, which are celebrated for the production of the 
long staple cotton called Sea Island cotton. 

Alba, p. v., Bradlbrd co., Penn. : 103 m. N. by E. Har- 
risburg. 

Albant county, K. Y. Situate N. centrally on Hudson 
r., and contains 515 sq. ra. Drained by Noruuxnskill, 
Vlamanskill, HaivankrauskilJ, and Coeyman's cr. : the Mo- 
hawk lies on the N. border. Surface uneven — in some 
places hilly: soils mostly sandy, but near the rivers highly 
fertile. Iron, limestone, etc., abound, and there are sul- 
phur springs. Farms 2,903 ; manuf. 893 ; dwell. 12,747, and 
pop.— wh. 92.110, fr. col. 1,169— total, 93,279. Capital: Al- 
bany. Public M^orks : Champlain Canal ; Albany and 
Schenectady E. R. ; Albany and Binghampton R. R. ; ex- 
tensive docks, etc. 

Albany, p. city and cap. Albany co., JVT K, and legisla- 
tive capital of the State of New York : on W. side Hudson 
r.. 376 m. N. N. E. Washington, lat. 42° 39' 03" N., long. 
30 16' 59" K. from ■Washington, or 73° 4i' 49" W. from " 



ALB 



ALB 



Greonwicli. Pop. 59JT1. The portion of tho city nii the 
river is built on a low flat, but beyond this the surfaee 
rises rapidly to an elevation of about 200 feet. The older 
part of the town is irregularly laid out, and sevej-al of Uie 
streets are narrow. The newer portions, however, are spa- 
cious and handsomo, and contain fine shojis and dwelling- 
houses. The pul)lic buildings, except tho Exeliange. are 
located on the heights, and have a commantling position, 
overlooking the vicinity. Among these, the Capitol, State 
House, and City Hall, are the most conspicuous. The 
Capitol is a large stone building, 115 feet long and 90 broad, 
fi-onting east on a flno park. It contains aeeoTuniodations 
for the Senate and Assembly, the State Library, aiul nu- 
merous apartments for the use of the government. Tho 
Blate House, a fine marble building, is situate on the E. 
Bide of the Parle sipiare, and accommodates the executive 
and administrative oifieers of the State; and the City Hall, 
an edifice of similar material, also on tho same side of the 
Park, contains the municipal offices. The Exchange is a 
large granite budding at the foot of State-street. The oth- 
er public buildings are the Albany Academy, the Medical 
College, the State Normal School, and numerous benevo- 
lent and literary institutions. Tho old State House, on the 
8. side of State-street, is now used as a depository for the 
geological collection made by the Statu surveyors. The 
city contains between 60 and 70 churches, of various de- 
nominations, many of which are substantial and elegant 
elructurcs ; the streets are well lighted with gas, and wa- 
ter is supplied through iron pipes. 

There are tiro daily papers issued in Albany, namely, the 
"Argus" (dem.), the "Evening Journal" (whig), the *' At- 
las" (dem.), the "State Eegister" (whig), and the "Ex- 
press" (neutral) ; and the four first of these issue also 
weekly editions. The " Knickerbocker," the *■ Dutchman," 
and the " Freeholder," are issued weekly ; these are neu- 
tral in politics, and devoted chiefly to general nows and lit- 
erature. All these papers are ably conducted, and enjoy a 
wide reputation. 

The manufactures of Albany are extensive and various: 
it has numerous iron works, carriage factories, type foun- 
deries, oil-cloth factories, sawing and planing machines, 
malting houses, and has long been famous for its breweries. 
The trade of tlie city is also large, and ila commercial con- 
nections with the north and west give employment to 
thousands of its juhabifanta, as merchants, store-keepers, 
laborers, etc. 

Albany is the chief entrepot of a vast internal commerce: 
ite situation for such a purpose is un.surpassed. The Hud- 
eon washes its shores, and it has connection by canal with 
Lake Champlain, a long line of icterior counties, and with 
the Great West through Buffalo. Eailroads also extend 
hence lo all points, and collect and distribute many million 
dollars' worth of property annually. The railroads center- 
ijig at Aii>any are the Hudson River E. R., the Harlem 
Extension II. R.. the Western, from Boston, several others 
from the direction of Canada, the great northern chain ex- 
tending to Bufl'alo, and a line is about being built to Bing- 
hampton. on the Susqnchannah, which will <>pen to the city 
the mineral treasures of Pennsylvania, and a large extent 
of fertile country inler^'ening. 

In the season of navigation, there arc also several daily 
lines of steamers to and from New York, and on an ave- 
rage 3,000 or 4.000 persons are daily carried between the 
two places, while innumerable sloops, cana! boats, and tow- 
boats tran<*port millions of tons of merchandize and pro- 
duce constituting the material of its vast commerce. Al- 
bany was originally a trading post of the Dutch, and dates 
as such from Ki'28. It was successively known as Beaver- 
wyk and Wilhelmstadt; but after the capitulation, in 1664, 
H obtained the name of Albany, in honor c)f the Duke of 
York and Albany, the proprietary of the colony. In 1686 
It was ch.nrlercd a* a city. 

Albaxv, p. v.. Baker co., Ga. : on "W. sido of Flint r..ll3 



m. S. 8. \V. Millcdgovillc. Al)raach of the Brunswick and 
Florida R. E. from Thoraasville to this point is projected. 

Albany, p. v., Wbitesldes co., Rl. : on E. bank of Mis- 
sissippi r., 18S ra. N. N. W. Springfield. 

Alrany, p. v., Delaware to., Ind. : on Mississinewa r., 
60 m. N. E. Indianapolis. 

Albany, 1. and p. o., Carroll co., JT. ffamp. : on Swid r., 
52 ui. N. by E. Concord. Pop. AX^. 

Alba?»v, p. v., Caddo par. La. : 19S m. N. "W. Baton 
Ronge. 

Aluany, p. v.. and cap. Clinton co., Ky. : on Spring cr. 
of Obey"s r., 116 m. S. Frankfort. 

Alriny, p. v., Green co.. Wise. : 89 m. S. S. W. Madison, 

Albany, t. and p. o., Oxford co., 3fe. : on Crooked r,, 43 
m. W. Augusta. V<>\k 747. 

Albany, p. v., Tuscarawas oo., Ok«o: SI m. E. by N. Co- 
lumbus. 

Albany, p. v., IK-iiry co., TVfin. ; o» S. (brk of Obion c., 
92 m. W. Nashville.. 

Albany, L aud p. o., Berks co.. Ponn. : SO m. E. by N. 
Harrisburg. 

Albany, t. and p. v., Orleans co., Vfrm. : 3'i m. N. by E. 
Monlpelier. Pop, 1,051. 

Alrany, v., Linn co., Oreg. Ta\: on E. oido of "Willa- 
raetto r,, 20 m. S. Salem. 

ALRrtMARLE t»ounty, Yirg. Situate centrally on tho E. 
base of Blue Eidge, and contains T04 sq. m. James r. 
washes its .southern border, and the inltrior is chiefly 
drained by Albemarle r. and the head waters of the Eivan- 
na. Surface diversified, and the soils good. Wheat, In- 
dian corn, and tobacco are the chief products. Farms 935; 
manuf. 102 ; dwell. 2,022, and pop.— wh, 11,^76, fr. col. 586, 
si. 13.:53S— total, 25.S00. Capital: Charlotleville. Pnhlvi 
Wor/ci : Virginia Central E. R. and James P.iver Canal. 

Albemarle, p. v., Carroll co., M/'.ss. : ST m. N. by E. Jaek- 
son. 

Albemarle, p. v., and cap. Stanley co., K C<n\ : S3 m. 
"W. by N. Raleigh. 

Albemarle, p. v.. Assumption par., La. : 46 m. S. by E. 
Baton Eouge. 

Albemarle sound, -K Car. : an arm of the Atlantic, ex- 
tending 60 m. inland, and is from 4 to 15 m. wide, receiving 
the waters of Eoanoke and Chowan rivers. It communi- 
cates with Chesapeake Bay by a canal through the Dismal 
Swamp, and with Pamlico Sound and the ocean, by nar- 
row inlets. 

Albertson's, p. c, Duplin co., N'. Car. : 69 m. S.E. Raleigh. 

Albia, p. v., and cap. Monroe co., la. : on a cr. of Des 
Moines r., 78 m. S. W. Iowa City. 

Albion, p. v., and cap. Edwards co., JIL: 142 m. S. E. 
Springfield. 

Albion, p. v.. Providence co., R. /. ; IS m. "W. Proridence. 

Albion, p. v., and cap. Noble co., L?i^. : on the N. side 
of Elkhart r., 120 m. N. N. E. Indianapolis. 

Albion, t. and p. c, Kemiebe<; oo., Me. : 21 m. N. E.Au- 
gusta. Pop, 1,604. 

Albion, t. and p. v., Dane co., WiJir. : 33 m. S. E. Madison. 

Albion, t, and p. v., Calhoun co., 3fifh. : at the junction of 
the forks of Kalamazoo r., and on the lino of the Michigan 
Central R. E., 96 ni. W. Detroit; it is a flourishing village, 
and has eonsider.able trade. Pop, of t, 1.666, 

Albion, p. v., and cap. Orleans co., N'. Y. : or. Erie ca- 
nal, 217 m. ^y. Albany, It contains a C. H., jail, and other 
CO. buildings, and a convenient landing. The Eoch'jster, 
Lockporl. and Niagara Falls R. R. passes thnmgh the 
village. Three newspapers are issued weekly — (he " Dem- 
ocrat." the " Republican," and the " American." Pop. 2,400. 

Ai.Bir.N, t. and p. v., Ashland co., Ohio: 63 m. N. by E. 
Columbus. 

Albion, p. v., Erie co., Penn. : 214 m.TV.N.W. Harrisburg. 

Albright's, p. o., Des Moines co.. La. ; 49 m. S. Iowa City. 

Albrigiitoville, p. v., Carbon co., Penn.: To m. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

3T 



ALB 



ALL 



Albu^uteque, p. v., Bei-nallillo CO., aVi J/tw. .* on E. side 
of Kio flrandc, 76 m. S. Santa F6. 

ALBURfin, t. and p. v., Grand Jsle CO., Venn. : on the 
Vermont Central li. K. Top. I,5CS. 

ALBrv-Gn peuiiisula, Verm, : a tpangwlar ton^e of land, 
projecting from Canada into Lake Cliaraplain. The sur- 
face is low and level, and the soil fertile. The narrow wa- 
ters dividing it from the mainland, are spanned by fine 
bridges to accommodate tlio railroads from the opposite 
shores, which here form a imion. 

ALnpEGn SrBiNGS, p. o.. Grand Isle co., Verm, : a fa- 
mous mineral spring is founrl here, the waters of which are 
said to be efficaeious in scrofulous affections. 

Alcona county, Jfich, flituato N. E. on Lake Huron, 
and contains GS2 .iq. m. Drained by Au Sable and Nene- 
lau rivers and their tributaries. A rn:w co. since ls.50. 

Alcove, p. o.. Fond du Lac co.. Wise, : 80 m. N. E. Mad- 
ison. 
Alden, p. v., M'llcnry co., lU, : 2+4 tn. N.E. Springdeld. 
Aldes, t. and p. v.. Una co.. X r. ■ on a branch of Buf- 
falo er., 254 ra. W. Albauy. Pop. 2,320. 

Alde.vville, p. v., Wayiic co., I'enn, : on a tributarj' of N. 
branch of Lackawaxen cr., 121 ni. N. E. Iliirrisburg. It 
contains a large hemlock tannery, belcmging to the daughter 
of the Hon. Zadook Pratt, which employs a eapiUal of 
$200,000, and tans animally 5»,(10U sides of sole-leather. Au 
extensive trade of lumber is carried on. Pop. about 4S0. 

Al.DER Ceeek, p. o., uneida co.; K Y. : 106 m. TV. N. W. 
Albany. 

ALDre, p. v., Loudon co., Virg, : on a branch of Goose 
cr., 9S m. N. P.iehmond. 

Alert, p. v., Eutler oo., Ohio: 08 m. ^Y. by S. Colam- 
bns. 

Alei.u,-der county, M. Situate in the extreme S. on 
Mississippi r. at the junction of the Ohio, and contains 22il 
sq. m. Drained by creeks flowing into the Mississippi and 
Cash rivers. Surface various : in the N. W. are immense 
bottoms backed by high bluffs, and in the E. prairies. The 
S. portion is subject to overflow, and contains a large lake 
called IIorse-.shoe Lake. Soils fertile and productive. 
Farms 202 ; manuf. 8 ; dwell. 465, and pop.— wh. 2,404, fr. 
col. 20— total, 2,+S4. Co^aaZ; Thebes. FiiUic Works: 
Illinois Central K. E., and extensive embankments. 

Alexander county, N. Car. Situate N. W. centrally, 
and contains 430 sq. m. Drained by creeks tributary ie 
Catawba and Yadkin rivers. Surface varied i}lea8anlly, 
and soils of ordinary fertility. Forms 633: manuf 4; dwelY 
827, and pop.— wh. »653, fr. col. 24, sl. 543- total, 5,221'. 
Capital : Taylorsville. 

Alexander lake. Conn, : a small lake in Killingly town- 
ship, one m. long and h.alf a m. wide : called by the In- 
dians Mashapaug. It is very deep. 

Alexander, t. and p. v., TN^aahington Co., 3fe, : 126 m. E. 
by N. Augusta. Pop. .%44. 

Alexander, p. v., Burke CO., Ga, ; 93 m. E. Milledgc- 
ville. 

Alexander, p. v., Putnam CO., Virg, : 240 m. W. by X. 
Eichmond. 

Alexander, t. and p. v., Genesee Co., A': Y. : on Buffalo 
and Rochester P. P., 293 m. W. Albany. Pop. 1,937. 

At.EXANDER9viLLE. p. v., Montgomery co., Ohio: on the 
Miami canal, 42 ni. W. S. W. Columbus. 

Alexandria county, Virff, Situate N. E. on Potomac r., 
and contains about 40 sq. m. This connty, until 1846, form- 
ed a portion of the District of Columbia. Surface uneven, 
and soils generally thin. Farms 94; manuf. S9; dwell. 
1,484, and pop.— wh. 7.213, fr. col. 1,413, sl. 1,882- total, 
10,008. (7«p;tai ; Alexandria. PiiMir TTori-s ; Chesapeake 
and Ohio Canal, and Orange and Alexandria R. R. 

Alexandria, p. v., and cap. Enpides p:rr. La. : on Red 

r., below the lower rapids. II contains a C. II., jail, and 

other CO. buildings, and has considerable trade, being the 

great cotton dep6t of the Red r. Two newspapers, the 

33 



"Red River P.epubUcan," and the "'Westem Democrat," 
are issued weekly. 

Alexandria, p. v., Clark co., 3fo.: on the S. side Des 
Moines r., 2 m. from its mouth, and 130 m. N. by E. Jef- 
ferson City. 

Alexan-dria, t and p. c, Grafton CO., IT. Ramp. : 29 m. 
N. W. Concord. 

Alexandria, t and p. v., .JelTerson CO., A^ Y. : on ^U 
Lawrence r., 166 m. N. "W. Albany. 

Alexandria, p. v., Licking co. Ohio : 33 m. E. N. E. 
Columbus. Pop. 349. 

Alexandela, p. v., Huntingdon CO., Pmn,: 86 m. W. 
narrisburg. 

Alexandria, p. v.,De Kalb co., Tenn, : on a cr. of Cum- 
berland r.. 42 m. E. Nashville. 

Alexandra, p. city, sea-port, and cap. Alexandria CO., 
Virff, : on Potomac r., 106 m. N. Richmond. The river la 
here deep enough for the largest ships. The port has con- 
siderable commerce. Tonnage in 1850, 8,733 tons. Tho 
Chesapeake and Ohio Can.il terminates here — also the 
Alexandria and Orange E. E. The " Alex.andria Gazette" 
is issued <laily and tri-weekly, and the "Southern Church- 
man," an Episcopal paper, weekly. Pop. 8,795. 

Alexandria, p. v., Benton co., Ala, : 5 m. S. W. Jack- 
soni-ille, and 93 m. N. by E. Montgomery. 

Alexandela, p. v., Madison CO., Ind. : 42 m. N. X. E. 
Indianapolis. 

Alexandria, p. v., and cap. Campbell CO., iy. ; 53 m. 
N. N. E. Frankfort. 

Alexandria Centre, p. o., Jefferson co.. A'! Y, : 147 m. 
N. W. Albany. 

Ai.exanoeiasa, p. v.^ Mechlenburg oo., y. Car. : 132 hl 
W. S. W. Raleigh. 

Alfont, p. v.. Madison Co., Tnd. : on Indianapolis and 
Bellefonlaine E. E., 23 m. N. E. IndianapolLs. 

ALFor.D, t. and p. v., Berkshire CO., Mass. : on Green r., 
112 m. W. Boston. 

Alkorpsville, p. v., Eobeson CO., N. Car. ; 73 m. S. 8, 
■W. Ealeigh. 

Alfred, t.. p. v., and cap. York co.. Me. : on Mousum r., 
73 m. S. W. Augusta. 

Alfred, t. and p. v., Alleghany Co., N. Y. : on Erie R. R,, 
825 nL from PiermonI, on Hudson r. Pop. 2,679. 

Algiers, p. v., Jefferson par., Za.: on the W. bank of the 
Mississippi, opposite New Orleans. The N. 0. Opelousas and 
Texas E. R. has its E. terminus here. Belleville and Mac- 
donough adjoin it ; the whole neighborhood is well settled. 
Alganbee, t. and p. v.. Branch county, Midi. : 75 m. 3. 
Lansing. Pop. 609. 

Algoma, t and p. v., 'Winnebago county. Wise. : S3 m, 
N. N. E. Mailison. Pop. 702. 

Algonac, t. and p v., St. Clair co., Mich. : 98 m. E. Lan- 
sing. 

Algonquin, p. o., Houghton co., Mich. : 865 m. N. W. 
Lansing. 

Algonqlin, p. v., M'Henry co., III. : on Fox r., 163 m. 
V. E. Springfield. 

Alhameka, p. v., Madison co., HI. (formerly Lowby- 
VILLE) : 73 m. S. S. W. Springfield. 

Altancb, v., Sl.ark CO., 0/iio: at tho intersection of the 
Cleveland and Pittsburg, and the Ohio and Penn.sylvania 
R. Rs., 6S m. from Cleveland, and 82 from Pitlsburs. 

Alida, p. v., Stephenson co., JU. : 6 m. \V. Pckitonica r., 
and 161 N. Springfield. 

ALI80N^A, p. v., Franklin CO., Tenn,: at the head waters 
of Duck r.. and on the line of the Nashville and Chatt,aniK>- 
ga R. R., and also at the junction of the M^Minnville and 
Manchester R. E. 
ALLAMOcnv, p. v„ Warren Co., If, Je^r. : 88 m. N. Trenton. 
Allandale, p. v., Habersham CO., Ga. : 98 m. N. Mil- 
Icdgeville. 

Allatoona, p. v., Cass co., Ga. : on a cr. of Etowah r. ; 
and 103 m. N. W. Milledgcville. The Western and Allan- 



ALL 



ALL 



tie li. R. iutersects it 33 m. from Atlanta^ :iiid lun m. fioiii 
Chattanooga. 

Alleuan county, SRcK Situato W. on Lake Miehitcan, 
and contains 832 sq. m. Drained l>y Kalamazoo rivLT and 
its tributaries, and Black r. Surface varied — elevated to 
ward the E.: soils sandy, or sand mixed witli clay, wifli 
rich alhivial valleys along the rivers. Timber abundant. 
Farws 57U ; manuf. 30 ; dwell. OCT, and pop— wb, 5,l:ii), fr. 
col. &— total, 5,125. Ctipit.id: Allegan. 

ALLr.G;.\.N, t., p. v., and cap. Allegan co., ^ficJl. : on Kala- 
mazoo r., at the head of navigatiun. The " Allegan Record" 
is published weekly. 

A-LLEGHAXY county, 3fd. Situati^ extreme N. AV., and 
contains 1,050 sq. m. Drained l)y lril)utarii-s of N. branch 
of Potomac r. and by Muiinngahela r. Surface mountain- 
ous, with broad valleys : soils fertile : coal and iron in pro- 
fusion. Farms S92 ; manuf. 24 ; dwell. 3,s50, and pop. — 
wh. 21,G33, fr. col. 412, si. 724— total, 22,T09. Capital : Cum- 
berlimd. PnhUc Worlcs: Baltimore and Ohio R. R. ; Ches- 
apeake and Ohio Canal, and several railroads from Cum- 
berland to coal mines. 

Alleguant county, IK Y. Situate S. "W., and contains 
1,1^5 aq. m. Drained by Genesee r., which flows through 
the county. Surface finely variegated, the Genesee valley 
being bounded by ranges of table land, which extend N. 
and S. : soils highly fertile, and famed for the quality of 
their cereal products. Bog iron abounds, and tliere is a 
epring from which Seneca oil is obtained. Farms S,1T3 ; 
manuf. 21)1 ; dwell. (),96S, and pop.— wh. 87,GS3, fV. col. 125— 
total, 37,8fiS. Capital: Angelica. Public Works: Gone- 
Bee Valley Canal ; New York and Erie K. R. ; Buffalo and 
New York City R. R. 

Alleghany county, Pt-nn.. Situate "W., and contains 1,022 
eq. m. Drained by Monongahela and Alleghany rivers, 
which, uniting near the centre of tlie county, form the Ohio 
r. Surface hilly and wooded, but fertile to a high degree. 
It is the centre uf the W. iron region. Farms 3,720 ; manuf. 
1,290 ; dweU. 22,5.^1, antl pop.— wh. 134,S27, fr. col. 3,463— to 
tal, 13S,290. Capital: Pittsburg. Fiiblic Worku : Penn- 
sylvania R. R. ; Ohio and Pennsylvania R. R. ; Steuben- 
ville K. R. ; Pennsylvania Canal, etc. 

Allegilaxy county, Vir(/. Situate centrally among the 
Alleghaniea, and contains 520 sq. m. Dritined by the head 
waters of James r. Surface varied, and in some parla rug- 
ged ; but in the valleys of the rivers the soils are rich and 
very productive. There are within the county several min- 
eral springs and much picturesque scenery. The products 
are wheat and oafs, with some tobacco. Farms 21 G ; manuf. 
10 ; dwell. ■iCA, and pop.— wh. 2,763, fr. col. 58, si. 694— total, 
8,515. Capital: Covington. 

Alleghany, t. and p. v., Cattaraugus co., 2K Y. (formerly 
Bdbton): on the New York and Erie R. R., 40S m. "W. N. 
W. New York. 

Alleghany, p. city, Alleghany co.,P<snn. .■ opposite Pitts- 
burg, of which it is a suburb. Three papers are published 
here— the *' Enterjirize," daily; "Freedom's Friend," daily 
and weekly; and the "News," weekly. Pop. 21,261. 

Alleghany Bridge, p. v., M'Kean co., Peim. : 129 m. 
N. W. Ilarrisburg. 

Alleghany mountains (called also, ApPALLAcmAN) con- 
Btihite a long range, varying from 50 to 200 m. in breadth, 
and extend from Catskil! MounUiin in N. York, through 
Pennsylvania, Marj-land, Virginia, N. Carolina, into Alaba- 
ma. Their course is N. E. and S. "W., parallel with the At- 
lantic Ocean, at a distance from it (if from GO to 150 m. 
These mounlains consist of a number of parallel ridges. 
known as the Blue Kidge, Laurel Mountain, Cumberland 
MounLiin, etc., and vary in elevation from GOO to 2,500 feet, 
forming the great watershed between the Atlantic slope and 
the Mitwissippi valley. Extensive valleys or glades lie be- 
tween the several ridges, in which is found much fine land, 
although generally of a rough and rugged aspect. They 
abound in rocks and mineral deposits, as iron, coal, etc. ; 



and at their eastern base considerable gold has been col- 
lected. 

Alleghany river: a large stream, forming one of the 
great constituents of the Ohio r. : it rises on the W. side of 
the Alleghany rats, in Pennsylvania, about 30 m. E. of Lake 
Erie, an<!, running first N. W., into New York, then bend- 
ing S. W., re-entering Pennsylvania, through which it has 
a devious course to Pittsburg, where it is joined by Mo- 
nongahela r., and the united streams constitute the Ohio. 
The Alleghany has a steady current^ and is navigable for 
boats to Hamilton, 260 m. above Pittsburg. Its banks are 
fertile, and for about 150 m. from the junction Iiave ridges 
of white oaks and eheslnnt^, with some patches of poor pilch 
pines, interspersrd wtth tractji of good land and low mead 
ows. The waters are always clear and limpid, whatever 
may be the state of the weather. 

Allemakee county, la. Situate in N. E. comer, and 
contains 720 sq. m. Drained by Upper Iowa, Yellow, and 
other rivers, tributaries of the Missi-ssippi, wliieh forms the 
E. border. Farms 2 ; dwell. 152, and pop. 777. Capital : 
Lansing. 

Allemance county, Nl Car. Situate N. middle, and con- 
tains .')7G sq. m. Wateri'd by Haw r. and its creeks, Great 
Allamance, etc. Surface pleasantly varied, and soils of 
average fertility. "NVheat, corn, oats, tobacco, and cotton 
arc the chief products. Farms 923; manuf. 3"^; ilwell. 
1,516, and pop.— wh. 7,924, fr. col. 324, si. 3,196- total, 
11,444., Capital: Graham. 

Allemance, p. v., GuilPjrd co., N'. Car. : on Great Alle- 
manee cr., 66 m. W. Raleigh. 

Allen county. Lid. Situate N. E., and contains 672 sq. 
m. The county is well watererl, and has numerous fine 
mill-streams. Little r. and Aboite r. rise in the W., and, 
uniting, fall into the Wabash ; and the St. Joseph's and St. 
Mary's, from Ohio, unite at Fort Wayne, and form the Slau- 
raee, which falls into Lake Erie. These were formerly 
navigable at high water, but are now only used for milling. 
Bee cr., Crooked cr.,and Cedar cr., afford also considerable 
power. Surface level, and well timbered. Soils excellent ; 
near the streams a sandy loam, and in the interior, clay, in- 
termixed with marl. In the N. W. are numerous oak- 
openings, or barrens. Farms 1,300; manuf. 127; dwell. 
3,097, .and poj).- wh. 16,S17, fr. col. 102— total, 16,919. Cap- 
ital : Fort Wayne. PubUo Woi'ks : Wabash and Erie 
Canal : several railroads are projected. 

Allen county, Ki/. Situate S. centrally, and contains 
510 sq. m. Dra'med by numerous tributaries of Green r., 
which bounds it on the N. Surface level or undu'iAing, 
and soils of average fertihty. The chief products are In- 
dian corn, oats, wheat, and tobacco, and some cotton. 
Farms 740; manuf 7 ; dwell. 1,249, and pop.— wh. 7,SS9,fr. 
col. 39, Bl. 1,314— toUil, 8,742. Capital : Scottsvdle. Pub- 
lic Works : Nashville and Lexington R. R. 

Allen county, Oltio. Situate N. W., and contains 3S0 
sq. m. Drained chiefly by the branches of Auglaize r. Sur- 
face elevated and rolling; soils very fertile. Wheat and 
In'lian corn arc the principal products. Timber is abun- 
dant. Farms 1,146; manuf. 5ii ; dweU. 2,070, and pop.— 
wh. 12.0S5, fr. col. 24— total, 12,109. Capital : Lima. Pub- 
lic Works: Miami Canal, and Ohio and Indiana R. R. 

Allen, t. and p. o., Alleghany co., If. Y. : 216 m. W. S. 
W. Albany. Poj.. X^r-t. 

Allen, p. v., Cumberland co., Penn. : 28 m. 3. W. Ilar- 
risburg. 

Allen Centre, p. o., Alleghany co., N. Y. : 216 m. W. S. 
W. Albany. 

Allen Centre, p. c. Union co., Ohio: 30 m. W. N. W. 
Columbus. 

Allendale, v., Bergen co., y. Jer. : on Earaapo and Pat- 
terson R. R., 9 m. N. Patterson. 

Allendale, p.v., Greene co.. Ky. : 71 m. S.S. W. FrankforL 

Allendale, p. v., Barnwell dUt., S. Car. : 89 m. S. S. W, 
Columbia. 

&9 



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ALV 



Allen's, p. o., Miiiriii co., Ohio: 6G m. W. Columbus. 

Allen'8 Bridge, p. o., Marion disl., *S'. Car. : SO m. E. 
Columbia, 

Allensbukgh, p. v., Highland co., Ohio: 63 m. S. W. 
Columbus. 

Allen's Fresh, p. o., Charles co., Md. : on the cr. of the 
same name, 42 m. S. S. W. Annapolis. 

Allen's Grove, p. o., Walworth co., Wise, : 49 m. S. E. 
Madison. 

Allen's Grove, p. c, Scolt co., Ja. : 46 m. E. Iowa City. 

Allen's Hill, p. o., Ontario co., N. Y. : ISl m. W. Al- 
bany. 

Allen Springs, p. v., Allen co., Ky. : near Sulphur fork 
of Big Barren r., 1(12 m. 8. W. Frankfort 

Allen's Settlement, p. o., Claiborne par.. La. : at the 
head of Crow's er., 193 in. N. E. Baton Kuuffe. 

Allen's Station, p. o., Hancock co., Teiin. : 194 ra. E. 
Nashville. 

Allenstown, t. and p. v., Merrimac co., N'. Ilamp. : on 
Suncook r., 10 m. S. E. Concord. Pop. 562. 

Allbnsville, p. v., Alleghany co., N. Y. : 21S m. W, 
Albany. 

Allenstille, p. v., Switzerland co., hid. : 86 m. S. E. 
IndianapoUa. 

Allensvtlle, p. v., Todd co., Ky. : on Elk fork of Red 
r., a tributary of the Cumberland, 151 m. S. W. FrankforL 

Allbnsville, p. v., Vinton co., Ohio: 46 m. S. S. E. Co- 
lumbus. 

Allenstille, p. v., Mitflin co., Penn. : 42 m. N. W. Ilar- 
riaburg, 

Allenton, p. v., Wilcox co., AUi. : on Pine Barren cr., 
49 m. S. W. Montgomery. 

Allenton, p. v., Washmgton co., R. I. : 28 m. 8. S. W. 
Providence. 

AiLENTowN, p. v., Monmouth co.. If. Jer. : 12 m. E. by 
N. Trenton. 

AiLENTOWN, p. v., Allen co., Ohio: 61 m. N. W. Colum- 
bus. 

AxLBNTOwN, p. v., and cap. Lehigh co., Pemi. : on S. side 
of Lehigh r, 7S m. E. by N. Harrisburg. It is beautifully 
situate on au elevation in the midst of a well cultivated, 
pleasant, and populous country. It contains, besides the 
county buildings, a bank, several handsome ohurehes, an 
academy, and eight schools, and a number of flourishing 
mills ; and its trade is considerable. SL\ newspapers are 
published here — five weekly, and one semi-monthly: the 
"Lehigh Keporter" (neutral); the "Allcntown Democrat;" 
the " Lehigh Patriot" (whig) ; the " Unabhcengiger P.epub- 
likaner" (dem.) ; and tho " Friedensbnthe" (neutral), are 
issued weekly ; and the " Youth's Friend," every second 
week. Pop. 3,780. 

Alligator, p. v., and cap. Columbia co., Fhr. (formerly 
Lancaster) : 97 m. E. S. E. Tallahassee. 

AiUGAioB, p. v., Crittenden CO., Ky. : 192 m. W. Frank- 
fort. 

Aluoatoe, p. v., St. Mary's par., La. : 52 m. B. S. W. 
Baton Rouge. 

Allison, p. v., Logan co., Ky. : 148 m. 8. W. Frankfort 

Allibonville, p. v., Marion co., Iiid. : on the Indianapo- 
lis and Peru It. Pv., 11 m. N. Indiana. 

Allow AT, p. v., Wayne co.. A". Y. : on the E. side of the 
outlet of Canandaigua Lake, 179 m. W. Albany. 

Allowavstown, p. v., Salem Co., Al Jer. : on Alloway's 
cr. of the Delaware, 60 m. S. S. W. Trenton. 

Allsboeough, p. T., Franklin co., Ala. : 169 m. N. W. 
Montgomery. 

AiMiRANTE, p. v., Walton CO., Ftcr. : on Tellow Water 
r., 146 m. W. N. W. Tallahassee. 

Almond, p. v.. Portage co.. Wise. : 92 m. N. Madison. 

Almond, t. and p. v., Alleghany eo„ K Y. : on Canisteo 
r., and on the N. Y. and Erie B. E., 194 m. W. Albany. 

Almont, t and p. v., Lapeer co., Midi,. : 61 m. E. Lan- 
sing. 

40 



Alna, t. and p. v., Lincoln co., Jf<?. ; on Sheepscoi r., 'H 
m. S. E. Augusta. Pop. 916. 

Alpena county, Mich. Situate N. E. on Lake Hnron, 
and contains 576 sq. m. : a new county since 1'%'JO. 

Alpha, p. v., Greene co., Ohio : 5S ni. W. Columbus. 

Alpine, p. v., Chattooga CO., Ga. .'152 m. J(. W. Mil- 
ledge^ille. 

Alpine, p. v., Clark co.. Ark. : 70 m. 8. W. Little Rock. 

Alpine DepOt, p. o., Morgan co., Virg.: on Baltimore 
and Ohio R. R., 148 m. N. Richmond. 

Alps, p. o., Renseelaer co., X. K.' 21 m. E. by S. Al- 
bany. 

ALQtnxA, p. v., Fayette co., Ind. : 60 m. E. by S. Indian- 
apolis. 

Alstead, t and p. v.. Chesbiro CO., JV. Hamp. : on Cold 
r, 39 m. E. Concord. Pop. 1,425, 

Alston, p. v., Fairfield disl., S. Car. : 33 m. N. Columbia. 

ALT.1M0NT, p. v.. and cap. Grundy co., Tenn.: centre of 
CO., 72 ni. E. S. E. Nashville. 

Altamost, v., Alleghany Co., 3rd. : a station on the Bal- 
timore and Ohio E. R., 221 m. W. Baltimore. 

Alta Springs, p. o.. Limestone co., Tiix.: 126 m. N. 
Austin City. 

Ai.tat, p. v., Steuben Co., JK Y. : 170 m. W. Albany. 

ALTHOtiSE's St, Berks co., Penn.: on Philadelphia and 
Reading E. R., 06 m. W. N. W. Philadelphia. 

Alto, p. o., Howard co., Ind. : 46 m. N. Indianapolis. 

Alto, t and p. o., Fond du Lac co.. Wise. : on E. branch 
of Rock r., 61 m. N. N. W. Madison. Po.. O.'iO. 

Alto, p. v., Louisa co., Virg. : 40 m. N. W. Richmond. 

Alton, t and p. v., Kent CO., Mich. : 58 m. W. N. W. 
Lansing. 

Alton, t. and p. city, Madison co., PI. : on Mississippi r., 
3 m. above the mouth of the Missouri. It possesses great 
commercial advantages, and will probably become an im- 
portant railroad terminus. Bituminous coal is abundant 
near the city. It is the largest place on the river above 
St Louis. Shurtliff College and other institutions of a high 
character are located here ; and there is also a weekly pa- 
per, the " Telegraph and Review," issued. The Chicago 
and Mississippi R. R. terminates here, and other Railroads 
are projected. Pop. 12,000. 

Alton, p. v., I>anklin co., Ohio : on a branch of Scioto 
r., 10 ra. W. Columbus. 

Alton, p. v. and cap. Denton CO., Tej-. ; between Hick- 
ory cr. and Elm fork of Trinity r., 203 m. N. N. W. Austin 
City. 

Alton, p. v., Penobscot co.. Me. 

Alton, t and p. v., Belknap co., Al ITamp. : on a b.iy 
of Lake Winnepiseogce, 22 ra. N. N. E. Concord. The Co- 
checo E. E. pa.s3es through the viUage, 27 m. N. W. Itom 
Dover. Pop. of 1. 1,796. 

Alton, p. v., Wayne CO., N. Y.: on the Eidge Eoad, 
109 m. W. Albany. 

Alton Hill, p. 0., Macon co., Tenn. : 216 m. E. S. E. 
Nashville. 

AiTooNA, p. v., Blair co., Penn.: on Pennsylvania E. E., 
131 m. W. Harrisburg. 

Aliim Bank, p. o., Bedford CO., Penm,: 86 m. W. 8. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Alitm Creek, p. o., Delaware Co., Ohio: on a cr. of tho 
same name, tributary to the Scioto r., 23 m. N. Colum- 
bus, 

Aura EocK, p. o., Alleghany co.,' Virg. : 149 m. W. Rich- 
mond. 

Alum Eitn. p. o., Monroe co., Oftio: on a cr. of tho s.arao 
name, flowing to the Ohio r., 106 m. E. 8. E. Columbus. 

Alcm Springs, p. o., Rockbridge CO., Virg.: Ill m. W. 
Richmond. 

Alvan, p. v., Jefl'erson co., Penn. : 122 m. W. N. W. Har- 
risburg. 

Alvika, p. v., Lycoming co., Penn. : 66 ra. N. W. Har- 
risburg. 



ALV 



AMS 



Altiso, v., Sauta Clara co., CuU/,: on CJuadalupe r., J^S 
m. 8. Vallego. 

Amacetta, p. T., Wayne co., Virg. : '2G3 ni. W. Rioh- 
motid. 

Amagansett, p. v., Suffolk co., X. T. : near tl/e E. ex- 
tremity of Long Island, on the Atlantic, 181 m. S. E. Al- 
bany. 

Amanda, p. v., Greenup co., Ay. : IGS m. E. N. E. Frank- 
fort. 

Amanda, t, and p. v., Fairflold co,, Ohio: on Clear cr., 
26 m. S. E. Columbus. Fop. l,mG. 

Amandavii.le, p. v., Elbert co., Ga.: S3 m. N. by E. 
Milled^'.-ville. 

Amazon, p. v., Madison co., /a.; 131 m. "W. by S. Iowa 
City. 

Amber, p. v., Onondaga co., 2^. V. : near Otisco Lake, 
120 m. AV. by N. Albany. 

Ambkrson's Valley, p. o., Franklin co., Penn.: 55 m. 
W. by S. Harriaburg. 

Ambler's Millh, p. o., LouJaa co., Vi'V. : 46 m. "W. N. 
"W". Richmond. 

Amboy, p. v., Lapeer co., Mich. : 73 m. E. by N. Lan- 
sing. 

Ambot, t. and p. o., Oswego co., iV; Z .■ on Salmon and 
Scriba creeks, 123 ra. W. Albany. Fop. 1 132. 

AjdBOY, p. v., Ashtabula co., Ohio: 168 m. N. E. Co- 
lumbus. 

Amboy Centre, p. c, Oswego co., Nl Y. : 124 m. "W. Al- 
bany. 

Amelia county, Virg. Situate in the S. E. on Appomat- 
tox r., and contains 29S sq. m. Drained by tiie tributaries 
of the Appomattox. Surface level or undulating, and Ilie 
soils originally rich and productive. The staples are com 
and tobacco. Farms 354; manuf. 5; dwi'll. 5GS, an<! pop. 
— wh. 2.794,. fr. col. 157, el. 6,819— total, 9,770. Capital: 
Amelia C. IL 

AuELLi, p. v., Clermont co., Ohio: 109 m. S. "W. Co- 
lumbus. 

Amilia Island, Nassau co., Flor.: between St. ifary's 
Sound and Niissan r. Fcrnandina, a village at its N. ex- 
tremity, was formerly cap. of the co., and had considerable 
commerce, but is now almost deserted. 

Amelia, p. v., and cap. Amelia co., Virg.: on Richmond 
and Danville R. R.. 36 m. W. Richmond. It contains the 
usual county offices, and several factories. 

Amenia. t. and p. v.. Duchess co., A^ K.* on ITousalonic 
r. The Harlem R. R. passes throutrh it S8 m. N. New York 
City, and in a valley between Taghkannic and Fishkill mts., 
62 m. S- by E. Albany. Marble, magnetic iron ore, and 
mineral springs are found in the township. Fop. 2.229. 

Amenia Union, p. v.. Duchess co., If. Y. : 67 m. 3. by E. 
Albany. 

America, p. v., "Wabash co., Tnd. : on P. co. line, 7S m. 
N. N. W. Indianapolis. A proposed R. R. from Kokomo to 
the Wabash, will intersect it, 

American river {Rio de Ins Am^ricatwR), Calif. : a trib- 
utary of Sacramento r., famous for its golden sands. It 
rises in many branches on the W. slope of the Sierra Nora- 
da, and disembogues opposite Sacramento City. 

Americus, p. v. and eap. Sumter co., Ga. : on a cr. of 
Flint r., and on the lino of the South-western R. R., 91 m. 
a Vf. MiiledgcTillo. 

Ameriocs, p. v., Tippecanoe co.. f/id. : on "Wabash r. and 
canal, 61 m. N. N. \V. Indianapolis. 

Ames, t and p. o., Mijnlgomery co., N'. Y. : 51 m. "W. 
N. W. Albany. 

Amesbcry. f. and p. v., E-ssex co., Masu.: on N. si.lo 
Merrimac r., 37 m. N. E. Boston. Considerable mnnufac- 
turea, favored by an immense water-powor, are. carried on, 
and vessels of large tonnage are Imilt on the I'owow, a tril> 
utary of the Merrimac, Tho Eastern R. K. passes through 
the E. part of the town. Pop. 3,143. 
AJoaviLLE, p. v., Boone co., lit. : on a branch of Rock 

F 



r., 17a m. N. E. Springfield, and on tlie Galena and (Uiieago 
Union R. R. 
Amesville, p. v., Ulster co., K. Y. 
A.ME3VLLLE, p. T., Athens co., Ohio: 89 m. S. E. Colum- 
bus. 

Amherst county, Fi/v- Situate centrally at the base of 
Blue Ridge, and contains 41S sq. m. Drained by Pedlar 
cr. and Tye r., aftluenta of James r., which waslies its S. 
boundary. Surface elevated and much varied by Iiill and 
dale. Soils good, and very productive of wheat. Indian 
corn, oats, and tobacco. Farms 72S ; dwell. 1,127, and pop. 
— wh. 6.353, fr. col. 393, si. 5,953— total, 13,699. Capital ; 
Amherst C. II. Public Wor/cJi: James River Canal. 

Amueust, t. and p. v., Hancock co.. Me. : 72 m. E. N. E. 
Augusta. P(ip, r2;\| 

Amueust, t. and p. v., Hampshire co., Mass. : 73 m. W. 
Boston ; is tlie scat L»f Amherst College, one of the best 
educatinnal establishments in tlie Union. Pop. 3,052. 

Amherst, t., p. v., and cap, Hillsburo' co,, X. Uamp. : on 
Souhegan r., a branch of the Merrimac, 24 in. S. S, "W. Con- 
cord. Pop, 1.613. 

Amueilst, I. and p. v., Lorain co., Ohio: lOS m. N. N. E. 
Columbus, and on the Cleveland and Sandusky R, P.l.-)on. 
Amiieust, p. v. and cap, Amherst co., Virg.: ty4 m. W. 
Richmond, on BufTalo cr. of James r. 

Amicaix^la, p. v., Lumpkin co., Ga.: 92 m. N. W. Mil- 
ledgeville. 

Amissville, p. v., Rappahannock co., Vifg- ■' on S. sido 
of Hedgernan's r„ S6 m. N. N. W. Richmond. 

Amitie river. Miss, and La.: rises in Mississipjii, and 
flows S. and S. E. 100 m. to Lake Maurepas, uniting at Gal- 
veston with the Iberville. 

Amite county, Mi-^s. Situate 3. W. on State line, and con- 
taHis S60 aq. m. Drained by the branches of Amit6 r. Sur- 
face, except near the streams, uneven, antl the soil inferior. 
Cotton, Indian com, and rice are tho staple products. 
Farms 510; manuf. 1 ; dwell. 660, and pop.— wh. 8.641, fr. 
col. 3, si. 6,050— total, 9,694. Capital: Liberty. 

Amittsville, p. v., Monongalia co., Virg.: 194 m. N. W. 
Richmond. 

Amity, t. and p. v., Aroostook co., Me. : 132 m. N. E. Au- 
gusta. The monument at the sources of the St. Croix lies at 
the N. E. corner of the town. Pop. 256. 
Amitt, p. v., Clark co., Arl: : 7S m. S. W. Little Rock. 
Amity, p. v., Johnson co., Iiid. : 19 m. S. S. E. Indiuuap- 
olis. ^ 

Amity, p. v., Orange co., X. Y.: on a branch of WillkiU 
r., near S. St,'ite line, 9S ra. S. Albany. 

Amity, p. v., Washington co., Fenn.: 193 m. Vr. by S. 
Harrisburg. 

Amityville, p. v., Suffulk co., X. Y.: 161 m. S. E. Al- 
bany. 

Ammonia, p. v., Shelby oo., Teym.: 171 m. "W. S. W. 
Nashville. 

Ammonooscc (Upper) river, X. JTamp. : rises N. of White 
mla., and, passing N. E., approaches the Androscoggin r. ; 
and tUenoe turning S. "W., flows on to the Connecticut. Ita 
length is about 50 m., and the valley through which it flows 
from 7 to 3 m. wide and 20 m. long. The scenery of the 
neighboring country is beautif\il. 

Ammonoosuc (Lower) river, X. fftfmp.: rises "W. nf ilie 
Whito mts., and, afler a course of 50 miles, falls into tlie 
Connecticut, at Haverhill, by a mouth 100 yards wide. The 
valley of the river is about half a mile wide, and about G or 
7 m. tVom the Notch of the Wliite mts. has a fall of some 
50 feet, cut through a mass of slratifled granite, 

Amoskeao, p. v., Ilillsboro' eo., X. Ilamp.: 17 m. S. E. 
Concord, on Merrimac r., at the Falls, wht-re the descent is 
54 feet in a mile and a half, and around whieli there is a 
canal. The vU. has considerable manufactures, and a 
newspaper, is issued weekly. 

Amsterdam, t. and p. v., Montgomery co., X. Y. : on the 
Mohawk r., 33 m. W. AlUany. Tho vU. is on the N. side 

41 



AMS 



AND 



of the r., and a station on tlie Utica and Schenectady E. II. 
The " IntelUgenccr," a newspaper published here, is la- 
Bucd weekly. Pop. of t- 4,1-3. r. k, w 

Amstekdam, p. v., Jefferson co., Oh,o: 121 m.E.by N. 
Columbus. , _^ . u - CO 

A.MSTZKP..M, p. v., Cass CO., M.: on the Wabash r., 63 

iisTBi^^M, p. '•., Botetourt co., Vlr^. : 122 m. W. E.ch- 

""^IcoexiA, p. 0., Washington co., D. C. : on the cr. of Uie 
Bamoname,4m.N.E.WashiEgton. 

AsAi>AEco, p. v., Eusk CO., r«. .• 262 m. N. E. Austm C,ty. 

Akauuac, p. v., Liberty co., r«-. : on the E. side of Gal- 
veston Bay. 210 m. E. by S. Austin Oly. 

ANAi.0Mi-NK,p.v., Cherokee co., r«t. (formerly Beasch- 
TowN) ; 184 m. N. E. Austin City. 

Ahamosa, p. V. and cap. Jones co., la.: 82 m. N. N. h. 

^"I^aotIi-e, p. v., Butler co., Penn.: 162 m. W. Harris- 

^"Sa.n-da3.b, p. v., Fairfax co., Vlrg.: 92 m. N. Eich- ^ 

Anaqcaescooe, p. v., -Washiiigton co., A'. K; SSm.N. 
by E. Albany. . j ■ 

Akastatia island, i^^or.: situate on the E. coast, and is 
18 m. long, and H broad. At its N. end, in lat. 29- 50', and 
long. 4^ 29' W. from Washington, is a signal tower, well 
known to seamen. 
Anciext, p. o., Dane co., Wise. 

Anceam, t. and p. v., Columbia co., A'. T. : 49 m. S. E 
Albany, on Ancram and Punch creeks, on the former of 
which are extensive iron work*-iron ore, as also galena, 
being plentiful in tlie vicinity. Pop. 1,6T0. 

A^CEA« Le.u>-mi«:, p. v., Columbia co„ K T. : on Punch 
cr , where there are considerable quantities of g.alena. 

ANDALrsiA, p. V. and cap. Covington co., Ala. : 72 m. S. 
Montgomery. „ .^ 

Andalusia, p. v., Kock Island co., HI: 126 m. N. W. 
Springfield. 
Andamsia, Bucks co., Penn. : 92 m. E. Hamsburg. 
AsDEE60>- eounlv, Ky. Situate N. centrally, and contains 
240 so m. Drained by Salt r. and its creeks, and Ken- 
tucky r, which washes its E. border. Surface vanous- 
chiefly undulating, and soils good, producing Indian com, 
wheat, etc., and some small quantity of tobacco and cotton. 
Farms 420; mannt. 37; dwell. &S:3, and pop.-wh. 4,948, 
fV col 30 si. l,2S2-total, 6,260. Capital: Lawrenceburg. 
'AKDEESOTt distric^ S. Oar. Situate N. W., and contains 
780 sq. m. ; lying between the Savannah and Saluda it .3 
well drained by a number of the large tributaries of these 
rivers The surface is undulafmg, and the soils very pro- 
ductive. The chief products are Indian corn, wheat, and 
tobacco, and an abundance of live stock is owned in the 
district. Farms 1,9S6 ; mannf. 66 ; dwell 2,440, and pop 
_wh. 13,871, fr. col. 90, si. 7,614-total, 21,47o. eajnUU . 
Anderson. Public Works: Anderson Branch of Green- 
ville and Columbia E. E., etc. 

Akdeeson countv, Tenn. Situate E. centrally, and con- 
tains 750 sq. m. Drained by Clinch r. and its creeks, and 
the head streams of the 9. fork of Cumberland r. Surface 
nneven-^ometimes hilly and broken, but soils of an aver- 
age fertility, producing wheat, corn, oats, and tobacco. 
Earms 698; mamif. 9 ; dweU. 1,091, and pop.-wh. 6,391, 
fr col. 41, Bl. 5U6-total, 6,933. Capital : Clinton. 

I^-nEE;o. county, r«e. Situate N. E. «""'"y' ^«^«"' 
Trinity and Neches rivers, and contains about 800 sq. m_ 
Drained by Caddo, Bmshy, Walnut, llnrricane, StiU s and 
?ont creeks of the Neches, and t:at-Bsh, Lake, Keaeheye 
and Parker's creeks of Trinity. Surface various, elevated 
to th middle, and sloping E. and W. Soils nel. and pro- 
duetive of sugar and cotton. Farms 200 ; dweU. 375, and 
^ZZ -2,k O. col.-, A. 600-total. 2,5*4. Capital : 
Palestine. 
43 



Andeesok, p. v., Clark co., M. : ICS ra. W. Sprmglleld. 
AuDEESON, L, p. v., and cap. Madison Co., Ind. : on 8. 
side of White r., 36 m. N. E. Indianapolis, and on the In- 
dianapolis and BeUefontaine E. E., where it is intersected 
by the Eichmond and Newcastle Extension E. E. The 
" Anderson Gazette" is issued weekly. 
Akdeesos, p. v., Warren Co., A-". Jer.: 66 m.N. Trenton. 
Andeeson, p. v., Walker co., Oa.: 172 m. N. W. MU- 
ledgeville. ,,_. 

Andeeson, p. v. and cap. Anderson dist, S. Car.: 110 
m. W. N. W. Columbus. A branch of GreenvUle and Co- 
lumbia E. E. terminates here, and it is probable that a rail- 
road will be bum westward through Eabun Gap, toward the 
Tennessee hncs. The " Anderson Gazette" is issued week- 
ly, and the " Farmer and Planter" monthly. 

ANDEESON, p. V. and cap. Grimes co., T.-=^.: on Hollands 
cr. of the Navasota r., 132 m. E. Austm City. 

Andeesosbdegb, p. v., Perry co., P<!nn.: 32 m. N. W. 
narrisburg. 

Aio-EESON ErvEE, p. o., Spencer co., M.: on a r. so 

caUed, flo^viug to the Ohio r., 122 m. S. S. W. Indianapolis. 

A^•DEE80s•a MiLi^, p. o., BuUer co., Pmn. : 163 m. W. 

Hartisburg. , ^ .^ .^ 

Am>EES0N'8 Stoee, p. 0., CasweU co.. A". Car. : 6b m. N. 

"^aI^e^ok's Sioee, p. 0., M'Xairy co., Tmn. : US m. W. 
S. W. Nashville. .„ _ t- v, 

A>i)EES0>-8 Stoee, p. 0., Morgan co., Oliio: B3 m. E. by 
S. Columbus. ^ , „ „f 

ANDEESONvn-LE, p. V., Franklin CO., Jnd.: on a cr. of 
White Water r., 49 m. E. by S. Indianapolis. 

ANI.E11S0XVIELE, p. v., Audersou dist., S.Car.:^'i^- 
cca er., at its juncUon with Savannah r., 120 m. W. by S. 

"^"'t. -d p. v., Delaware eo., K. T: on Papaeton 
branch of Delaware r., 71 m. S. S. W. Albany^ 
Ani.estii.le, p. v.. Perry Co., Pam.: 23 m. W. bj N. 

"Z%. v., PhUadelphia co.. Penn.: 93 m. W. Dar- 

"'SvEE p. v., Tolland CO., Cmn.: 18 m. E. Hartford 
tnov^E! p. v.: Henry Co., lU. : on N. side of Edward's 

'■•i:^;faI,!^;^co.,3..:onEinsr.,oftbe 

ton on the S. W. side of Merrimae r. It is noted as the 
S of aTheo. Seminary and other educational es^blish- 
ments; and has numerous manufaetmres. Fop. 6 .48. 

AunovEE t. and p. o., Merrimae CO., A. n,imp.. on 

Blac™wi:;:r'r.'23 m. N. W. Concord, or by the Northern 

E.E., which passes through it, 2Sm. Pop- 1,^20- 

IVnovEm p. v.. Sussex co., ^'. Jer. : 27 m. N Trenton^ 

ASDOVEE, t. and p. v., AUefihany co., A. T.^ 216 mvv. 

8 W Sy, or 858 m. W. N. W. from New York by Erie 

^rrvEE,ffn,?f;v., Windsor CO I..».:on.Ue^^^^^^^^^ 
waters of Williams' river, at the E. base of the Green 
Mountains. 69 m. S. Montpelier. Pop. i-o. 
iiounuiius, u., o;,„.,t, N W. on Missouri r., and 

AsUEEW county. Mo. Situate n. n. ou • 
contains 433 sq. m. Drained by Nodaway r. and the f„ 1 s 
TLittle Plater. Surface level mostly prairie.mdHie 
soils very productive. Farms ST3 ; maniif. o dw ell. 1,3 a 
and pop.-wh. 6,759, fr. col. 13, si. 662-total, 9,433. Cap. 

'"'L!::TT^. and cap. Jackson CO., la.: 5 m. K. of 

Mfcoqu^^isl and 53 m'^E. N. E. low-a City A newspa- 
per, the " Western Democrat," is issued weekly. 
Andeew Chapel, p. o., Madison CO., Tenn. : 121 m. ^N . 

"^^n^E^tr^ v., Morrow co., OMo: 51 m. N. Columbus. 



AND 



AsuBEWB, p. o., SpottaylTimia co., Tirg. : 40 m. N. Eich- 
mond. 

Androscoggin river, Me. : is formed by the junction of 
JJasalloway r., and the ouUet of Lalie Umljagog, in New 
llainp., in whicli Slate it has a S. course of about 40 m. 
After entering Maine, it takes a serpentine course, first, E., 
then S.. and Unally E., for about 100 m., when it runs over 
Pcjcpslieag Falls, and joins the Kennebec at Merry-meet- 
ing Bay, 6 m. above Bath, and IS m. from the sea : its whole 
course is about 160 m. The confluent streams from this 
bay is sometimes called the Sagadahock. 

AsGELici, t., p. v., and cap. Alleghany CO., JV: K ; on An- 
gelica or, of Genesee r., 221 m. W. by S. Albany. It con- 
tains the county buildings, a bank, the '• Alleghany County 
Bank," and several churches ; and a newspaper., the "An- 
gelica Reporter," is issued weekly. Top. 1,.''..D2. 

AsGEUNA county, Tea. Situate E. between Noches and 
Angelina rivers, and contains about ],S20 sq. m. Drained 
by Caney, King's, Buck, Shawnee, and other creeks of the 
Kcches, and by Durazno, PolTer, and others of Angelina r. 
Surface beautifully varied— the watershed running parallel 
and near to AngeUna r. Soils fertile, and produce cotton 
and sugar largely. Farms SS ; dwell. 1G6, and pop.— wh. 
946, tr. col. 24, si. 19lj— total, 1,165. Capitul : Marion. 

ANGELINA river, Teje. : a considerable stream in E. Tex- 
as falling into Neehes r. 2 m. below Bevelport. 

Anglev's BBA>-cn, p. 0., Barnwell dist, 3. Car. : 69 m. 
S. by W. Columbia. 

Angola, t., p. v., and cap. Steuben co., I/id. : 142 m. N. 
N. E. Indianapolis. 

Angola, p. v.. Lake co.. III. : I'H m. N. N. E. Spring- 
field, and 6 m, below the "Wisconsin State line. 
Angola, p. v., Erie co., K T : 264 m. W. Albany. 
Angostuea, p. v., Pike co., /f«?. ; about 130 m. S. S. W. 
Indianapolis. 
Angola, p. v., Sussex co., Del. 

Angola, p. o., Onslow co., Jf, Car, : 92 m. S. E. Ka- 
leigh. 

Annapoub Crrr, port of entry and p. o. ; co. seat., Anne 
Arundel co., and cap. of the State of Maryland ; on W. side 
of Severn r., 3 m. from its entrance into Chesapeake Bay, 
and distant 3S m. E. N. E. of Washington, D. C. Lat. oiO 
5S' 50" X., long. 76° 29' 26" W., from Greenwich, 0° 82' 
40" E. from Washington. In 1S30 the population was 2,623, 
in 1*40 2,792, and in ISoO -3,011— wh. 1,774, fir. eol. 5S.5, and 
si. 652. The government removed from St. Mary's, the old 
capital, to Annapolis, then called Providence, 16^9. Annap- 
olis is regularly laid out, its stree<s diverging from the State 
Ilouse and Episcopal church, as from two principal centres. 
The State House is a substantial building ; in this the old 
Congress held some of its sessions, and the Senate Chamber, 
in which Washington resigned his commission to that au- 
gust body, has been preserved unaltered. The State library 
contains about 25,000 volumes. The city has a market- 
house, a bank (the Farmer's Bank of Maryland), a theatre, 
and about 420 dwellings, many of which are elegant and 
spacious. St. John's College, formerly a branch of the Uni- 
versity, is located here ; it was founded in 17^, and in 1S50 
Had 6 professors, 30 students, 150 alumni, 8 of whom were 
ministers, and a library containing 3,292 volumes. The public 
press consists of two newspapers, the " Maryland Kepub- 
lican," and the " Free Press," issued weekly, together cir- 
culating 1,200 copies. Shipping owned in the colloe'tion 
district of Annapolis, on the Ist Juno, 1S50, was 2,323 tons, 
of which 336 was navigated by steam power. Some small 
manufactures are carried on, and the coasting trade hence 
is on a liberal scale. The city communicates with the in- 
terior lines of travel by the Annapolis and Elkridge E. E., 
21 m. in length, diverging from it in a N. W. direction to a 
junction with the Washington Branch P.. E., at a point IS 
m. from Baltimore, 22 m. from Washington. 

At.-NAPous, p. v., Jefferson co., 0!d<i : 123 m. E. by N. 
Columbus. 



ANT 

Annapolis Junction, p. o., Auue Arundel CO., 2IJ. : 21 
m. N. W. Annapolis. 

Ann Aeboe, t., p. v., and cap. Washtenaw CO., Mich. : 
on both sides of Huron r., and on the line of Central K. It., 
37 m. W. Detroit and 61 m. E. S. E. Lansing. It is the seat of 
the University of Michigan, and an impiTiaut point of in- 
ternal trade. There is a bank here ; and two newsjiapers, 
the "Michigan Argus" and the "Washtenaw Whig," are 
issued weekly. Pop. 4,S70. 

Anne Ani-NDEL county, 31(1 Situate W. shore, and con- 
tains 07S sq. m. Drained by creeks running to Patapsco, 
Severn, and West rivers. Surface is generally undulating, 
with some broken spots and swamps. Soils vary from 
sandy to clayey loam ; h-on, copper, etc., abundant, and 
marl fljund in several parts. Tobacco is largely grown— in 
fact, is the principal staple. Farms 1,295 ; manuf. 156 ; 
dweU. 8,712, and l)Op.— wh.16,642, fr. col. 4,602, si. 11,249— to- 
tal, 82,393. Capital: Annap.ilis. P,ihn<i n'wk.^ : Annapo- 
lis and Elliridge K. E. In li51 Howard co. was erected from 
Anne Arundel. 

Annaw.uka, p. v., De Kalb co., Ala. : 150 m. N. N. W. 
Montgomery. 
A-NNis<»cA.M, p. v., Essex CO., Mas3. : 32 m. N. W. Boston. 
Annix Ceeek, p. v., McKean co., rciut.: on a cr. so 
named, 13S m. N. W. Uarrisburg. 

Annviux, t. and p. o., Lebanon CO., Pmn. : on Swatara 
cr., IS in. E. by N. llarrisliurg. 
Anselm, p. v., Gallia CO., Ohio: SS m. S. E. Columbus. 
Anson county, K Car. Situ.ate S. on State line, and con- 
tains 760 sq. m. Drained by Yadkin r. and tribulari<.'8. 
Surface somewhat uneven, and the soils of a good quality, 
producing wheat, Indian com, and cotton. Cotton is its 
great staple. F.arms 675 ; manuf. 32 : dweU. 1,166, and pop. 
— wli. 6,556, fr. col. 101, si. 6,832— total, 13,4S9. Capitol: 
Wadesboro. 

Anson, t. and p. o., Somerset co., Ife. : on W. bank of 
Kennebec r., 31 m. N. Augusta. Pop. S4.S. 

Ansonia, p. v., New Haven Co., Cuim. : on Naugaluck 
E. E., 16 m. N. Bridgewater. A station on Naugatuck 
E. E., 16 m. N. Bridgeport. 
Antestown, p. v., Blair co., Penn. : S6 m. W. Ilarrisburg. 
AN-raoST, p. v., Delaware co., Iiid. : 49 m. N. E. Indian- 
apolis. 

Anthont'8 Ceeek, p. v., Greenbrier co., Virg. : on a cr. 
so caUcd, 178 m. W. Eichmond. 

ANxnONT's Nose : is the extreme point of a hill called the 
Klips, on the N. side of Mohawk r., and which forms a re- 
markable simihtude to a magnificent prouoscis, 300 or 400 
feet in length. 

Anthony's Nose : on the 9. side of Breakneck Hill, on 
the E. bank of the Hudson. It is a promontory of the 
Highlands, S77 feet above the river, having a resemblance 
to the human feature, indicated by its name. There is an- 
other similar formation below West Point, at the S. extrem- 
ity of thi; Highlands. 

Anthonv Shoals, p. o., Elbert CO., Ga. : SO m. N. N E. 
Milledgeviile. 

Anthony's Village, p. v., Kent CO., P. I. : 14 m. S. S.W. 
Providence. 
Anti Bane, p. o.. Hinds CO., Jfiss. 
Antictam creek, Md. : a line stream of the Potomac, 
running through Washington eo., Md. 

Antui county, MiA Situate N. W. on Lake Michigan, 
and contains 643 sq. m. A new county since lS5rt. 
Antioch, p. V. Troop CO., Ga.: lOS m. W. Milledgeviile. 
ANTipcH, p. v., Lake CO., III.: 182 m. N. N. E. Spring- 
fle4d. 
A NTiocn, p. v.. Contra Costa co., Calif. .- IS m. S. Tallejo. 
Antiuch, p. v., Pickens CO., Ala.: 106 m., W. N. W. 
Montgomery. 

Antioch, p. v., Monroe CO., 0/iia. : 102 m. E. by S. Co- 
lumbus. Pop. 107. 
An-iioch, p. v., Gibson CO., Teim. : 127 m. W. Nashville, 

13 



ANT 



Asnocn, p. v., York dist., S. Car. : 47 m. N. Columbia. 
AsTois, p. T., Clark CO., Ark. : on Antoin cr., 7S m. S. \V. 
LiWe Eock. 

A^TRIM, t. tnd p. c, Shiawassee co., Mick. : on Look- 
ing-glass r., 26 m. E. Lansing. Pop. 2S2. 

Antkim, t. and p. o., Hillsborough co., tT. Hamp. : on 
Contoocook r., 25 m. 8. W. Concord. Pop. 1,143. 
AsTKM, p. v., Guernsey co., Ohio. : SI m. E. Columbus. 
Antklm, p. v., Alleghany co., Fenn.: 152 m. W. Harris- 
burg. 

Antwerp, t. -and p. o., Jefferson CO., Jf. T.: on In- 
dian r., 146 m. N. W. Albany. The Watertown and Pots- 
dam E. E. passes through It. Pop. 8,665. 

Antweep, p. v., Paulding co., ffhio. : 123 m. N. W. Co- 
lumbus. 
Anvti, p. T., Clarke co., ArJc. : S m. S. TV. Little Eock. 
AosiA, p. v., Wilkes co., Ga. : 6S m. N. N. E. Millcdge- 
ville. 

Apollo, p. v., Armstrong co., Fenn. : 152 m. W. by N. 
Harrisburg. 

AppALAciiicoLA river: la formed by the union of the 
Chattahoochee and Flint rivers, on the S. conlitws of Geor- 
gia ; after which, flowing between E. ami W. Florida, it 
falls into the Gulf of Mexico, E. of Cnpe Escondilla. It is 
wide and deep, the tide running up for 60 m. The estuary 
(Apalache Bay) forms a fine harbor, but its entrance at 
low water is only 3 fathoms deep. The Appalachicola and 
its branches drain a basin having an area of nearly 20,000 
sq. m. 

AppALAcnicoLA. p. v., port, and cap., Franklin co., Flor. : 
on a bluff at the W. side of the entrance to Apalachieola r., 
62 ra. S. W. Tallah.a«see. The harbor is deep enough for 
large vessels, and the port has considerable coasting trade. 
The tonnage in ISoO was 2,050 tons, all navigated by steam, 
and chieHy employed on the river. In the foreign trade 
17,133 tons cleared, and 12,196 tons entered in the same 
year. A newspaper, the " Commercial Advertiser," is is- 
sued weekly. The village occupies a plot one mile square, 
and is regularly laid out. It contains the county buildings, 
and has numerous substantial warehouses and dwellings. 

Appalachin, p. v., Tioga co., K Y. ; 133 m. W. S. W. 
Albany. 

Appanoose county, la. Situate S. middle on State line, 
and contains 576 sq. m. Drained by Chariton r. and branch- 
es. Surface umlulating, chiefly prairie and soils fertile. 
Farms 153 ; monuf. 2 ; dweU. 521, and pop.— wh. 3,124, t'r. 
col. 7— total, 8,131. Capital : Centreville. 

Appeibon-8, p. o., Charles City CO., Virg.: 22 m. S. E. 
Eichmond. 

Apple Creek, p. o.. Cape Girardeau CO., 3fo. : on a cr. 
of the Mississippi so eaUed, 15T m. E. S. E. Jefferson 

Apple Creek, p. o., Wayne co., Oliw : on a cr. so caUcd, 
78 m. N. E. Columbus. 

Apple Geote, p. v., York co., Fenn. : 33 m. S. E. Har- 
risburg. 

Apple Grove, p. o., Morgan CO., Ala. : 146 m. N. N. W. 
Montgomery. 

Apple Grove, p. v.. Folk co., Ind. ; 112 m. W. by N. W. 
Iowa City. 

Apple Geovb, p. v., Meigs co., Ohio ; 85 m. S. E. Co- 
lumbus. 

Appleton, p. v.. Licking CO., 0!Uo ; 41 m. E. by N. Co- 
lumbus. Pop.i^42. 

Appleton, p. v.. Perry co. III. : 111 m. S. SpringBeld. 

Appleton, p. v., Winnebago co.. Wise. : 82 m. N. by E. 
Madison. 

Appling county, Ga, &ituate S. E., and contains 1,120 
m. Brained by Ocmulgee and Alatamaha rivers in the N., 
and the tributaries of Santilla r. in the S. Surface level, de- 
clining to S. E. : soils sandy and light Farms 313 ; dwell. 
410, and pop.— wh. 2,521, fr. col. 24, al. 404— total, 2,949. Cap- 
ital: Holmeaville. 



AHE _ 

Appling, p. v. and cap., Columbia CO., Ga.: on Great 
Kiokee er., 63 m. E. by N. MiUedgeville. 

Appling, p. v., Jefferson eo., JK Y. : 149 m. W. N. W. 
Albany. 

Appomattox county, Virff. Situate centrally between 
James and Appomattox rivers, and contains 820 sq. m. 
Drained chiefly by Appomattox r. and several tributaries 
of James r. Surface level and soils of good quality. Farms 
C02 ; manuf. 10 ; dwell. 735, and pop.— wh. 4,210, fr. col. 184, 
si. 4,799— total, 9,193. Capital: Clover Hill. 

Appomattox river, Virg. : is a braneb of James r., which 
it joins CO m. above its mouth, and is navigable to the falls 
20 ni. above the junction ; and, by means of a canal-boat, 
navigation is extended 80 m. farther up. 

AppoQUiNiMiNK, hund., l^Jewcastlc Co., De*.: area 73,078 
acres and pop. 8,327. 

Aquasco, p. v.. Prince George's co., Md. : on W. side 
Patnxent r., 2S m. S. S. W. Annapolis. 

AgtjEnrcT, p. v., Westmorland Co., Fenn. : 12S m. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Aqcedpct, sta., Dauphin Co., Fenn. . on Pennsylvania 
E. E., IS m. E. Harrisburg. 

Aqcia, p. v., Stafford co., Tirg. : on Jf. side of er. so 
called, 4 m. from ila confluence with Potomac r., 61 m. N. 
Eichmond. 

Aquia Creek Landing, Stafford CO., Virg. : the N. ter- 
minus of the Eichmond, Frederic, and Potomac E. E. 
Steamers from Washington connect the northern and south- 
ern lines of railroads— distance 55 m. 

Aqhilla, p. v., Franklin co., Ga. : S9 m. N. N. E. Mil- 
ledgeviUe. 

Aqoose. p. 0., Macon co.. A'. Car.: 273 m. W. S. W. Ea- 
leigh. . 

Aransas, p. v., Eefugio co., Tex. : 192 m. S. Austm C.ty. 
Aeaeat, p. o., Patrick CO., Virg. : 174 m. S. W. Eich- 
mond. 

Arator, p. v., Pc<tis CO., Mo. : on a cr. of south fork of 
Missouri r., 49 m. W. Jefferson City. 

Arba, p. v., Eandolph CO., F«V- • 163 m. N. W. Eich- 
mond. 

Arsacoochee, p. v., Eandolph ;co., Ala,: 73 m. H. !>. 
Moatgomcry. 

Aebitckle, p. v.. Mason co., Virg.: 163 m. W. by N. 
Richmond. 

Ar.cAi.iA, p. v., Bienville par., Za. .- 177 m. K. W. Baton 

Eouge. 

Arcadia, t. and p. v., Warao CO., A" Y. : on Meed cr., 
191 m. W. Albany. The v. lies on the Erie Canal. 

Arcadia, p. v., Morgan CO., III. : on N. county line, 86 
in. W. Springfield. 

Aecadi-a, p. v., Washington CO., F. I.: 23 m. S. S. W. 
Providence. 

Arcadia, p. v., Madison co., Mo. : on a cr. of St. Fran- 
cois r., 106 m. S. E. Jefferson City. 

Arcadia, p. v., Sullivan CO., Kn«. : 121 m. E. Nashville. 

ArcoeRj t. and p. o., Harrison Co., Ohio: 93 m. E. N. E. 
Columbus. Fop. ST6, 

ARcniBALD, p. o., Luzemo co., Ferni. : 92 m. N. E. Har- 
risburg. 

Abcola, p. v., Loudon co., rirg.: in S. E. extremity o« 
CO.. 92 m. N. Eichmond. 

Arcola, p. v., Warren Co., A' Car. : 49 m. N. N. E. Ea- 
leigh. 

Arcola, p. v., Lake co., Ohio : 151 m. K. N. E. Columbus. 
The iron works of the vUlage are extensive, and it is other- 
wise flourishing. 

Arena, t. and p. v., Iowa CO., Wi-K. : on the S. side Wb- 
consin r., 31 m. W. by N. Madison. Pop. 402. 

Arenac county, Mich, Situate E. on Saginaw Bay, and 
contains 504 sq. m. Drained by Kifle, Pine, and other 
streams. .V new co. since 1S50. 

Arendtsville, p. v., Adams CO., Fenn.: 42 m. S. S. W. 
Harrisburg. 



ABE 



Allt 



Arenzville, p. v., Cass co., III. : on a cr. of Illinois r., 
4& m. W. SpringfioI<I. 

Argkn'tlne, I, and p. o., Genesee co.^Mich.: on Sliia- 
wassee r., 36 m. E. Lansing. Pop. 436^ 

Argo. p. v., Carroll co., III. : 152 m. N. N. "W, SpringflL'ItJ, 

Argo, p. T., Hall CO., Ga.: 98 in. X. MiilLMigevilk'. 

Argo, p. t.. Crawford eo., Mv. : in tlio N. W. comer co., 
on a branch of Bourbease cr. of Maramec r., M m. K. Jef- 
ferson City. 

Argosvillb, p. T., Schoharie co., i^. 1'; 4'J ra. "W. Al- 
bany. 

Argus, p. t., Montgom<^ry co,, Ala. : 21 m. S. E. Mont- 
gomery. 

Argyle, t. and p. o., Penobscot co., 3Ie. : on W. side Pen- 
obscut r., 69 m. N. E. Augusta. Pop, 33S. 

Abgylk, p. v., Lafayette, co., Wiic : on Peketonica r,, 
86 m. S. W. Madieon. 

Argyle, p. v., Cumberland co., 2f, Car, : 43 m. S. Kaleigh. 

Argyle, p. v., Jefferson co., Mo. : 94 m. E. by S, Jeffer- 
son City. 

Akgylb, t. and p. v., Washington co,, iV". Y.: on Moses- 
kill, 3;{ m. N. Albany. Pop. 3:274. 

Argyle, p. v,, M'JJonough co.. III. : 70 m. N. "W. Spring- 
field. 

Ariel, p. v., Marion dist., S. Cttr. : 80 ni. E. Columbia. 

Ariel, p. v., 'VVayno co., Pfim. : 1()3 ni. N. E. Ilarrisluirg. 

Arispe, p. T., Bureau co., III.: Ids m. N. iSprinj^flu'Id. 

Ark, p. v., De Kalb co., Ga. : 74 in, N. W, Mitk-dgeville. 

Aekadelpuia, p. V. and cap. Clark co., Ark.: 79 m. S. 
"W. Little Koek. 

ABKA.VSAS county, Ark. Situate B. on Arkansas r., near 
its entrance into the Mississippi r, and contains 960 sq. m. 
Drained by a number of creeks, tributaries of Arkansas r., 
and of White r., which latter forms its N. E. border. Sur- 
face generally levtl, low, and subject to inundation. West- 
ward it rises somewhat, and here commences *' Grand Prai- 
rie," a fine, fertile country. Farms 153 ; dwell. 3-2S, and 
pop.— wh. 1,695, fr. col, 12, si, 1,D3S— total, 3,245. Ccqntal : 
Arkansas PosL 



Arkans.\3 Pi 'ST, p. v. and cap. Arkansa.-i ei>., vlr/-, ; on 
the N. siile of Arkansas r., 52 m. from its c<»nfluem-e wiili 
Mississippi r. It is the oldest town in the State, having 
been founded by the French in 16S5, 

Arkansas river: one of the principal Iributaric- of the 
Mississippi r. It rises in the Kocky nits., near the sources 
of the Del Norte, about lat. 40° N., and falls intrj liie 
Mississippi, 400 m. above Ked r., in lat. 3S^ 40'. Us whole 
Ipngtii is 2.170 m., of which 1,9S0 are navigable. It bur- 
passea all the rirers of the middle region of the U. S. in 
the gracefulness and regularity of its windings, and the 
beauty and lu.xuriance of the cotton-wood groves that ad^rn 
ils ban-ks. In spring floods, steambouta can jiscend it ne.ir- 
ly to its source : the channel is broad, and the navigation is 
safe, unobstructed by rocks, shoals, or rapids. Tlie shores, 
as far W. as Little Koek. are unhealthy, large tracts on buih 
sides being covered willi lakes and stagnant pools. The 
country is a dea<l level, and there the drainage is imper- 
fect. On the Great Prairie, that commences immediately 
ah{)ve the port, and extends for 90 in. up the country, the 
cHmate becomes more healthy, and this tract is tliorcughly 
ventilated; but in tlie elo3ely-\vo<»ied bottoms the air U 
heavy and inelastic, and the mosquitus very Iniulilesuiiie. 
Still further up, the climate and country improve. Near Ihu 
sources of the river, silver has been found ; and the soil <jf 
the districts through which the river flows ia so sjUurated 
witii sail, that the waters are strongly impregnated and 
reudere<l unfit for drinking. Independent r>f ihc too saline 
quality of the water, tlie vast proportion of red mold wliieh 
is carried away by the current, i)roduces a similar di^^quali- 
fying effect as to its uses for general purposes, Arkansas 
Kiver has been called the "Paradise of Savages," from the 
number of wild animals that are continually wandering 
along its banks. 

Aek;a.vsas (LitHe) river: a tributary of Arkau^as r. It 
rises in the deep sand alluvial district, and crosst-s tlie trailers' 
route fmm Missouri to Santa r6, and falls into tlie Arkan- 
sas Proper. 1,700 m. from its junction with the Mis-sissippi 
r., in lat. 320 30' N., and long. \)iP W. 



THE STATE OF ARKANSAS. 

Akkaksas is bounded on the north by Missouri, on tho east by Tennessee ami Mississippi, on the south by Lonisiana, 
and on the west by the Indian Territory and Texas ; and extends generally between the latitude? 33° and ZCP 30' nortli, 
and tiio longitudes S9^ 30' and 94^ 30' west lYom Greenwich, or 12° 2s' and 17-^ 2S' west from "Washington. Its lengih 
ft-om nortli to south is 242 miles, and its breadlh from east to west varies (Vom 170 miles on the soutii lijje to 25S miles on 
tlie 36lh parallel, where it is widest. The area of the State is 52,19S square miles. 

The surface of Arkansas presents great variations in its eondguratioii. Along tlio Mississippi Piver, wliich demarks W-^ 
boundary on the east, and for 30 to 50 miles inland, the country is low and Yvidely interspersed with lakes iHid sivamps, 
end with inconsiderable exception-s, is annually overflowed by the floods of tho Mississippi, Arkansas, and St. I'Vancis. 

In regard to the country west of the Mississippi, says Col. Long, it is proper to observe, that the bro.id valley of the 
Lower Mississippi, which is terminated to Uie north by the hilly country, connected with a continuous roHvy bar, or reef, 
traversing the beds both of the Mississippi and the Ohio, about 12 miles above their junction, and denominated the Grand 
Chain of those rivers respectively, and which stretches southward, intcrruptod by a single hill, or ridge, elevated niortr 
tJian a few feet above the reach of the highest floods; that this entire valley region, once probably an arm or esluary of 
the ocean, and inhabited by the monster* of the deep, but long sine* reclaimed by the immeiwe alluvion precii'itated 
over the Grand Chain, in cataracts ineomparably more grand and stupendous than that of Niagara, and Ijorrio thilliex 
on the backs of countless floods, is one- continued and almost boundless flat, broken only by a mnltiidicity of water- 
courses, lagoons, and bayous, some of them tributary to" tho Mississippi, an<I others supplied from it, and exhibits an r..*- 
pect variegated rather than embellished by the inequalities just mentioned, together with countless swamps, slashes, 
stagnant pools, etc. Across thia valley there are as yet no jjasses by land secure from frequent and protracted interrup- 
tions, occasioned by overflows from the rivers by which it is traversed, nor is there any encouraging prospect that n>ada 
can be hereafter constmeted to any tolerable advant-age, except in a very few instances. 

Tho country through which the St. Francis River passes is one continuous swamp. The surface presents, in ordi- 
nary times, an alternating appearance of lakes, bayous, cypress landa, and marshy ground : the lakes fVec from any growth 
of limber, except of cypress, growing in the water close to the hanks, and the bayous, also free from limber, but frequently 
lying in broad and deep valleys, wooded not less thickly than the high groimd. and containing ci^mparalively little 
undergrowth. The valleys are in many cases inundated to the depth of 15 or 20 feet, or even more. The ponite are 
mostly filled with very large cypress trees, growing in the water, where its depth docs not exceed 3 or 4 feet, except m 
time of overflow. The marshy ground is filled with trees of immense size, principally gum and sycamore, in the lower 
places, and white oak and hickory in those that are a little higher and dryer, having ocea.sionaIIy brakes of cane very 
thickly set, and frequently rising to the height of 20 a-nd .30 feet, and of proportionate diameter. 

Farther west the surface rises, and toward the centre of the State becomes moderately hilly, and farther west still il 

45 



ARKANSAS. 



rises into the Ozark Mountains. There are nuraerous and extensive prairies interspersed throughout, but much of the 
land is well wooded, and in many places it is covered with a heavy forest. 

Of the highlands that have been called the Ozark or Masserne Mountains, our knowledge is very imperfect They 
consist of several low ridges, irregular in their direction, and seldom rising to an elevation of more than 1,500 or '2.000 
feet. They appear to be composed chiefly of secondary rocks, limestones, clay slates, and sandstones, traversed in many 
places by dykes of greenstone, granite, and sienite. Those portions of this region which have been examined are 
found to be rich in metallic minerals, of which iron and lead, copper and zinc exist in great profusion. Coal an<i salt 
also abound ; and there are valuable thermal and sulphurous sprmgs. The Hot Springs of the Washita arc remarkable 
for their high temperature, but are not powerfully impregnated with any mineral substances; they burst forth in great 
numbers and volume in a small valley lying between two lufly ridges of sandstone, and vary in temperature from 105<> 
to 1510 Fahr. There are said to be more than seventy of these springs, several rising from the bed of a small stream 
which flows through tho valley, and others issuing from the bounding ridges, at various heights. The Washita oilstones, 
or novaculites, so much esteemed, are found in this region. 

The climate of Arkansas is temperate, but subject to sudden and frequent variations ; and tho whole country is ex- 
posed to the effect of tho coJd north winds which render the central portions of the United States so cheerless in the 
winter season. The same winds traverse southward to the equator, and are known in the Gidf of Mexico as the " nnrth- 
ers," the terror of seamen navigating that sea. Yet in the spring, summer, and fall the seasons are highly propitious to 
agriculture, and here cotton, Indian corn, and, in fact, all the great staples of the country find the cliraato highly con- 
genial. The soils vary from the most sterile to the most fertile, and on the margins of all the rivers the productiveness 
is unbounded. On most of these the soil is a rich alluvion deposited from the washings of the floods, deep and wide, 
covering millions of acres. Back from the rivers the soil becomes more and more sterile, and in many parts it is unfit for 
culture, either from scarcity of water or from metallic impregnation. The principal growths are pines, cj^iresses, syca- 
mores, and oaks, according to the formation, and on the prairies, which are extensive, is that rank grass for which this 
description of land is so famous. On the whole, Arkansas has many advantages for agriculture, and it has many dis- 
advantages. Where the latter, however, exist they are fully compensated for by tho abundance of its minerals. It is 
also well stocked with wild animals, as the buffalo, deer, elk, beaver, otter, rabbit, raccoon, wild cat, catamount, wolf, 
bear, etc., which are valuable for their skins, and there is also a plentiful supply of wild turkeys, geese, quails, and other 
species of birds. 

The State is traversed or washed by several of the largest rivers in America. The Mississippi bathes its eastern front for 
more than 850 miles by its windings, but affords no sites suitable for largo towns in the present condition of the country. 
Tho Arkansas, one of the largest tributaries of the Mississippi, traverses the whole breadth of the State through its centre 
by a very tortuous course of about 1,530 miles, and is navigable during tlie greater part of the year far above its western 
limits. The Red Kiver flows through the south-western comer, which is thus ren<iered accessible to steamboats. AH (he 
other rivers, some of which are of great magnitude, empty themselves into these three, aflbrding navigable facilities to 
almost every quarter of the State. The St. Francis is a large and full river, rising in the eastern highlands of Missouri. 
Its channel, however, is much obstructed by numerous rafts or jams of fallen trees, and above and below the northcra 
boundar>' its waters are dispersed in such a manner as to render the navigation intricate and difBcuK, The "Spread,'' 
as it is called by the inhabitants, extends for the space of about 50 miles, with a width in some parts of 20 miles, and is 
attributed to the earthquake of ISll, at which time a large tract of country sunk considerably below its former level, and 
the waters of the rivers were dissipated in numerous lakes and branehes. The White River has its sources in the south- 
western part of the State, and passes into Missouri, whence it soon returns, reaching the Mississippi in a general 
south-easterly course. Its length is not less than 600 miles; and although at present it is choked up in many places by 
accumulations of drift-wood, steamboats ascend it as far as Balervillc, 260 miles, and on the removal of these obstructions 
will be able to ascend it 200 miles farther. The White River receives several large tributaries from Missouri, of which 
the Big Black, a navigable stream, is the principal; the Cache and Little Red River have theU- courses wholly within 
this State. The Arkansas receives no considerable tributary. The Washita, a noble river running through a fertile and 
beautiful region, drains neariy the whole southern part of the State: rising near the western border, it flows nearly 
parallel with the White Kiver and the Arkansas, first east, and then south-east, and is navigable upward of 350 miles 
from its mouth. The Little Missouri, the Saline, the Bayou Bartholomew, tho Bayou Bceuff, and the Bayou Ma^on, are 
its principal tributaries. 

Arkansas formed a part of French Louisiana, and subsequently and until 1S19, a portion of Missouri Territory. At the 
latter date it was erected into a separate territory, uader its present name. In 1S36 it was admitted into the Union as an 
independent State. The progress of its population was comparatively slow from 1S20 to 1S40; but since — as shown by 
the last census — the progress compares well with tho most progressive of the States. In ISOO it contained only 1,052 
inhabitants, chiefly settled near the mouth of the Arkansas River, and consisting of Frenchmen, whose progenitors 
settled Arkansas Post, the oldest white settlement of the country. In 1S20 the population was 1-1,273 ; in 1S30, 30.335 ; in 
ISIO, 97,574, and in 1S50, 209,639, of which 1G2,06S were white persons, 5S9 free colored persons, and 4G,9S2 slaves. Deaf 
and dumb, S9 ; blind, 81 ; insane, 63 ; and idiotic, 102. The State was, at the latter date, divided into 51 counties, as 
follows : Arkansas, Ashley, Benton, Bradley, CarroU, Chicot, CInfk, Conway, Crawford, Crittenden, Dallas, Desha, Drew, 
Franklin, Fulton, Greene, Hempstead, Hot Springs, Independence, Izard, Jackson, Jefferson, Johnson, Lafayette, Law- 
rence, Madison, Marion. Mississippi, Monroe, Montgomery, Newton, Perry, Philips, Pike, Poinsett, Polk, Pope, Prairie, 
Pulaskj, Randolph, St. Francis, Saline, Scott, Searey, Sevier, Union, Van Buren, Washington, Washita, White, and Yell. 

Arkansas is almost wholly occupied in agricultural pursuits: its manufactures are merely in their inception, whether 
as to diversity or number of estalilishments ; nor has it the advantage of a seaward commerce. The statistics afforded 
by the census oflS50, and other official reports, exhibit the condition of the State to be as follows: 

Occupied lands, rfe.— Improved lands, 731,531 acres, and unimproved lands. 1,S1G,GS4 acres, valued at $15,265,245. 
Number of farms, 17,753. Value of farming implements and mae-hinery, $1,601,296. 

Zwe Sfwl-.—UoTsc-Sy 60.197 ; asses and mules, 41,559 ; milch cows, 93,151 ; worlung oxen, 84,239 ; other cattle, 105,820 ; 
sheep. 91,2oG; swine, a36,727— valued at $6,647,969. 

P/-o(?«cfe.— Wheat, 199,639 bushels ; r>'e, S,047 ; Indian com, 8,893,939 ; oats, 656,1?8 ; baricy, 177 : buckwheat, 175 ; peas 

and beans, 2S5.738 ; Irish potatoes, 193,832 ; sweet potatoes, 788,149 bushels ; rice, 63,179 pounds ; tobacco, 218.936 pounds ; 

ginned cotton, 65,346 bales of 400 pounds; hay, 3,977 tons ; clover seed, 90 bushels, and other grass seed, 43G ; hops, 157 

pounds; watcr-rottcd hemp, 15 tons ; flax, 12,291 pounds; flaxseed, 321 bushels; maple sugar, 9,330 pounds; molasses, 

46 



ARKANSAS 



ISfjaUoos; wine, 35 e:allon3; value of products of orchards, $40,111, and of market-garden product^ *17,l."o ; i)'.>,vv;i\ 
and honey. 192,3-33 pounds; silk coccoons, 33 pounds; wool,lS2.595 pounds; butter, 1,554,239, and clu'eae, 30,n:>s p<jun i.-»; 
and the value of animals slaughtered, $1,162,913, Home-made manufactures were valued at $633,217, 

^(?rt(//adi(/v*.— Aggregate capital invested, $0,000,0(iO ; value of raw material, fuel, etc., consumed, $00i\nao; 
average number of hands employed, 0,000; males, 0,000. and females, 000; average montlily cost of male labor. ;r()i!.ui.'0, 
and of female labor, $0,000: annual value of products. $000,000. The whole number of manufacturing e3tal>!islimonts, 
producing to the value of $500 and upward annually, was 271 ; and of these three were cotton factnrie3,_employinj; a 
capital of $16,500, and using 170 bales of cotton annually, valued at $S,975 ; hands employed, 13 males au'd IS ffumk-s ; 
entire monthly cost of male labor, $190, and of female labor, $106; annual product, 81,200 pounds yarn, vahu-d at 
$16,637. The remaining and most numerous of the industrial pursuits of Arkansas, are those incident to all agricultural 
States, or such as are immediately needed, as carriage-makers, blacksmiths, tanners, etc. The distribution of manufac- 
tures in this State is very unequal ; of the counties, 15 have no manufacturing establishments, 17 have less than live, 7 
have five and less than ten, 7 have ten and less than fifteen, 2 have fifteen and less than twenty, and 3 have twenty and 
upward. 

Commerce, Internal Communication, etc.— ^.r\ii:xT\^{xs has no direct intercourse with foreign countries. lis export 
staples are carried to New Orleans for shipment, and most of its supplies are drawn from the same quarter. On all the 
great rivers steamboats ply regularlj', and in sufficient numbers for the present wants of the population. Few of the 
roads are good, being chiefly earth tracks, almost impassable in wet weather. No railroads exist throughout the Slate, 
but there are several projected, and the spirit of enterprise appears to bo alive on tho subject. The initial point of iho 
system projected is Helena, on the Mississippi, whence a direct line will be built to Little Rock, the capital, with an ex- 
tension from that point to the Eed River to meet the Texas roads pointing east, and another extension by way of Van 
Buren and Fort Smith, to be ultimately carried into the Indian territory, this latter being a part and parcel of tho Grixit 
Southern Pacific Railroad. From these trunk lines branches will bo built tapping the principal valk-ys, and giving to 
each section of the State facilities of direct railroad communication with the Mississippi rivers, and Nuw Orleans tlic nat- 
ural outlet of Arkansas products; a raib-oad is also projected from the main trunk west of White River northward 
through the fine agricultural and mineral region of Northern Arkansas and Southern Missouri. 

BanTcs. — *'No bank or banking institution shall be hereafter ilSAI) incorporated or established in this State." None 
are now in operation, and the old "State Bank" has for some time been in liquidation. 

Governmt'nt.-^ln accordance with the State Constitution, adopted 4ih January, 1330, every free white male citizen 
of the United States, 21 years old, and a citizen of Arkansas for sLx months next before tho election, may vote in the 
district or county in which he resides. The Legislature consists of a Senate of 25 members, and a House of Representa- 
tives of 75 members. Senators must be at least 30 years of age, inhabitants of the State for one year before the election, 
and of the district at the time, and are chosen for four years. Representatives must be at least 25 years of age, resident 
in their counties, and are chosen for two years. The governor is elected by a plurality of votes; he must l>e 30 years 
of age, a native bom citizen of the United States, and have resided in the State four years, and is chosen lor four years 
(but is not eligible more than eight in any twelve years). His veto to any bill passed is negatived by a subsequent nwy- 
jority vote of each house. In case of his disability or death, first the President of the Senate, and after him the Speaker 
of tho Representatives, becomes governor to the end of the term. The Secretary of State, auditor, and treasurer, are 
elected by joint vote of the two houses. The Legislaturowects at the Capital biennially. 
Arkansas, under the law regulating the distribution of Representatives to Congress, has a delegation of two] menibers. 
The judiciary consists of a Supreme Court, which has a chief and two associate justices, an attorney, clerk, and reporter ; 
eLx circuit courts, each with a judge and attorney, and county courts, etc. The Supreme Court has appellate jurisdiction 
only, except in particular cases pointed out by the Constitution. It holds two terms annually, in April and Oetnb.T, at 
the seat of government. The justices are elected by the General Assembly, by joint ballot, for eight years. Ciritiit 
courts have original jurisdiction over all criminal cases not expressly provided for otherwise by law, and exclusive 
original jurisdiction of all crimes amounting to felony at common law; and original jurisdiction of all civil cases which 
are not cognizable before justices of the peace ; and in all matters of contract where the sum in controversy is over $100. 
Two terms are held annually in each circuit. Tho judges and prosecuting attorneys are elected by the people, the former 
for four years, and the latter for two years. The justices of the peace in each county form a county court, and have 
exclusive jurisdiction in civil cases below $100. The justices are elected in tois-ns for two years. 

Fin(inces.—i:he whole revenue for the biennial period 1S49-50, amounted to $329,615 54. and the whole amount re- 
ceived into the treasury from all sources, was $495,194 84. The total paid out amounted to $433,975 OS, leaving a balance 
of various accounts of $61,219 76. The State debt consists of bonds issued to the State Bank, and which are unre- 
deemed ; these consist of 6 per cents., amounting to $936,000, due 1S63, and accumulated interest thereon, $519,480 ; »nd 
5 per cents., $39,000, due 1SS7, and interest, $17,062 50— or a total of debt and interest, $1,506,562 50. on which the annual 
accruing interest is $90,131 80. The total value of taxable property in the State in 1S50, was $84,995,835, on which in 
that year a tax of $93,540 was levied. 

Jieliffious Denomi7iations.—'VhQ principal denominations in this State, according to statistics published by their own 
bodies in 1S50, exhibited the follomng stjitemenls of their relative strength: Baptists, 6 associations, 7S churches, 49 
ministers, and" 2,509 members ; Methodists. GO tr.iveling, 4 superannuated, and 153 local preachers, and 12,151 meuibfrs ; 
Roman Catholic, 7 churches, and 12 other stations, 6 ministers, and about 3,000 members ; Protestant Episcopal, 2 clergy. 
The Roman Catholics are under the Bishop of Little Rock, and the Protestant Episcopalians under the missionary 
Bishop of Arkansas. The Presbyterians are numerous, but in consequence of the statistics of this denomination being 
included in synods, not co-extensive with the State, it is impossible to assess the apportionment duo to Arkansas 
separately. 

ScfiooLs and Plication. — Although Arkansas has had advantages to foster education equal to any others of the new 
Stales, her improvident legislators have not improved them. There are but few common schools in tho State. In each 
township the 16th section is given by Congress for tho support of schools, and the revenue arising from lenses of salt 
eprings, and from estrays sold, forms part of the school fund. There are academies and high schools in Little Rock, 
FayetteviUe, Washington, Camden, and some other places. There is no State College, although Congress granted to the 
State seventy-two sections of land (2,592 acres) for the purpose of founding an institution of learning: this, by a law of 
the Legislature of 1349, and in utter defiance of the intentions of Congress, was distributed among the counties. The 
only effort to establish a college h.as been made by the Roman Catholics, In ISoO the Legislature granted them a charier 

47 



ARK 



ASH 



for Itie Colles;o of SL Andrews, near Fort Smith, in Crawford county. The college h:i5 a president and fivi- professors, 
and its course of studies embraces all the branches tiiu^bt in the best institutions. The Kcclesiusticitl Seminary is lucated 
on the college grounds, and is considered one of the finest ediflccs in the Union. St. Mary's Academy, fur young ladies, 
at Little Rook, is also a Catholic institution. 

PeriodUal Press. — lu all the State there are but 14 periodicals — 13 are issued weekly, and one at a period of two 
weeks. The aggregate circulation of the weekly papers is only 7,250 copies, or 3TT,000 copies annually. Of the whole 
number of papers, three are Whig in politics, and five Democratic, the remaining six being devoted to literature, religion, 
and various other subjects. Many single counties in New York and Ohio contribute more to literature than the whole 
of this State. 

" Arkansas, with all that nature lias done for her, is far behind hex neighbors in iraprovementa, population, and general 
prosperitj". It is a source of hurailiation to make these ncknowledgmenls; but the truth should be told, tliougii the 
)teai^ei>s faU.-^ Such was the language of the Committee on Arkansas Raib-oads, at the New Orleans Convention, in 
1851, and such must be the response of every intelligent resident of the Slate. "With her increase of population, and 
reviving prosperity, however, it is to be hoped that so magnificent a State, one so richly emiowed and so blessed with a 
propitious climate and soil, will take heed and redeem itself from the just opprobrium of the enlightened among them 
selves, and of the world that is observant of their progress. 

Little Rock is the State capital. 



Arkport, p. v., Steuben co., A^. T. : on Canisteo r., 21S 
m. W, by S. Albany. 

Adkville, p. v., Delaware co., 2>f, K ; 57 m. S. W. Al- 
bany. 

Arkweight, t. and p. v., Chautanque co., K. Y. : 396 m. 
"W. by S. Albany. Pop. 1,2=3. 

Arlington, p. o., Hancock co., Ohio: S3 m. N. N. "W. 
Columbus. 

Arlington, t. and p. t., 35ennington co., Vei'm.: on 
Green r. and Batlenkill, S9 m. S. S. W. Montpelier. Fine 
marble abounds in the t. Top. 1,084. 

Arlington, p. v., Bureau co., lU. : 110 m. N. Springfield. 

Armada, p. v., Macomb co., Mich. : on the N. branches 
of Clinton r., S4 m. W. Lansing. 

Armagh, p. v., Indiana co., Penn. : in S, E. comer of co., 
12S m. "SV. Ilarrisburg. 

Armenia, p. v., Scriven co., Ga.: 110 m. E. S. E. Mil- 
ledgeville. 

Armiesbubg, p. T., Parke co., Tnd. : on E. side of Ver- 
million r., 66 m. "W. Indianapolis. 

Armington, p. v., Tazewell co., III. : in the S. E. comer 
of CO., 42 m. N. by E. Springfield. 

Armstrong county, Penn. Situate "W. middle, and eon- 
tains 575 sq. m. Drained by several tributaries of Alle- 
ghany r., which runs through it. Surface somewhat hilly, 
but agreeably diversified. Soils of average fertility, pro- 
ducing principally wheat and oats. Farms 1,(!12; mannf. 
93 ; dwell. 5,052, and pop.— wh. 29,431, fr. col. 129— total, 
29,560. Capital: Kittaning. 

Armstrong, p. v., Wabash co., III. : on a cr. of Wabash 
r., 142 m. S. E. Springfield. 

Armstrong Academy, p. o., Choctaw Nation, Ind. T^r. 

Armstrong Mills, p. o., Bchnont co., Ohio: lOS m. E. 
Columbus. 

Armtjchee, p. v., Floyd co., Ga. : on the "W. side of Ar- 
mnchee cr. of Oostanaula r., a tributary of Coosa r., 144 m. 
N. W. Millcdgeville. 

Arneytown, p. v., Burlington co.. If. J&\ : 15 m. S. E. 
Trenton. 

Arniteim, p. v.. Brown co., Ofiic: 62 m. S. S. W. Colum- 
bus. Pop. 61. 

Arnoldsbueg, v., Gilmer co., Yirg.: 216 m. W. by N. 
Kichmond. 

Aksolbton, p. v., Ulster co., N. Z .• 5B m. S. Albany. 

Arnoldton, p. v., Campbell co., Virg, : 102 m. "W. S. W. 
Eichmond. 

Arnon, p. v., Wills CO., III. : 5 m. from Indiana State 
line, and 146 N. E. Springtleld. 

Aroostook: county, Me. Situate N. and N. E., and con- 
tains about 6,800 sq. m. Drained by the Woolastook, Alla- 
gash, Aroostook of the St. John, and Alattawamkeag of the 
Penobscot Numerous lakes and isolated hills are spread 
over tlte county. This is the largest county of the State, 
but is peopled only in ita S. E. portion. Wheat, oats, and 
potatoes are the chief products. Farms 1,22S ; manuf. 59 ; 
4S 



dwell. 2.03S, and pop.— wh. 12,529, fr. col. 6— total, 12,595. 
Capital: Iloulton. 

Aroostook, p. v., Aroostook co.. Me. 

ARoosr^ooK river, Me. : rises in the N. part of the State, 
its head waters being separated from those of Penobscot r. 
by a stretch of highlands. Its course is circuitous, general- 
ly easterly, until it falls iuto SL John's r. on the New Bmns- 
wick line, in lat. 40^* 05' N. The lands on this river are 
fertile, and produce the finest qualities of grain and grasses. 
Its length is upward of 100 m. 

Arbington, p. v., Williamson, co., Tenn. : 18 m. S. Nash- 
ville. 

Arrowood, p. v., Spartanbm-g dist., S. Car. : 72 m. N. N. 
W. Columbia. 

Arrow Rock. p. o., Saline co.. Mo. : on S. bank of Mis- 
souri r., 54 m. W. N. W. Jefferson City. 

Arrowsmtths, p. o., Defiance co., Ohio: 104 m. N. W. 
Columbus. 

Arsenal, p. o., Alleghany co., Penn. : 19 m. W. Ilarris- 
burg. 

Arthitrsburg, p. v., Duchess co., A^. T. : 76 m. S. by E. 
Albany. 

Ahtuurton, p. v., M'llenry co., III.: 173 m. N. E. 
Springfield. 

AitTic, p. v., De Kalb co., Ind.: 122 m. N. E. Indian- 
apolis. 

Asburt, p. T., La Salle co., lU. : in tlie N. E. part of the 
CO., a mile W. of Rock r. and 134 m. N. N. E. Spring- 
field. 

AsBiTRT, p. v., Fayette co., Ala,: on the E. aide of Loox- 
apatiUa cr., 126 m. N. W. Montgomery, 

AsBiTRY, p. v., Warren co., IT. Jer. : 41 m. N. Trenton. 

AsBURY, p. v., Perry co., Ohio: 47 ra. E. H. E. Columbus. 

AsBirRY, p. v., Montgomery co., Tenn.: 52 m. W. N W. 
Nashville. 

AsBURY, p. v., Troup co., Ga.: 102 m. W. Millcdgeville. 

Ascension parish, La. Situate S. W. of E. Dist., on 
both sides of Mississippi r., and contains :iSO sq. m. Dr.iined 
W. by tributaries of Grand r., and E. by those of Amitife, 
etc. Surface low and level, subject to inundation, from 
which it is partially protected by levees or embankments. 
Oranges, figs, peaches, etc., grow in profusion : cotton and 
sugar are the staple products. Farms 157 ; dwell. 755, and 
pop.— wh. 3,339, fr. col, 147, si. 7,266— total, 10,752. Capi- 
tal : Donaldsonville. 

Ascutney mountain. Verm, : situate in the towns of 
Wimisor and Welhersfield. It is chiefly composed of gran- 
ite, and is almost destitute of vegetation. Its elevation abovo 
the Connecticut r. is 3,116, and above the ocean, 3,320 feet. 
Its ascent is steep and rugged. 

AsiiAPOO Ferry, p. o., Colleton dist, S. Car. : lOS m. S. 
E. Columbia. 

AsnuoRorcn, p. v., and cap. Randolph co., A1 Car. : 69 
m. W. Raleigh. 

AsuBL'RNHAM, t. and p. o., Worcester co., Mass. : a hillj 



ASH 



AST 



district, drained Iiy tril)ut:iries of the Connecticut and Mer- 
riniac, -IS in. W. N. W. Boston. Top. 1,S75. 

Aphbuknmam Dki'6t, p. o., Worcester co., Mass. : on the 
Vermont and M.isaachusotts E. R., 11 m. N. "W. Fitchburg. 

AsiiBT, p. v., Coles CO., III. : 74 E. Springfield. 

AsFiBT, I. and p. o., Middlesex co., Mttss. : 44 m. N. "W. 
Bost<in, on a branch of Nashua r. Pop. 1,'21S, 

AsirBTSBUEG, p. v., Ilopkms co., Ky. : 122 m. W. by S. 
FranUfort. 

Ashe county, IH". Oar. Situate N. TV. extreme, and con- 
tains 760 sq. m. Brained by New r. of the Great Kana- 
wha, and other streams. Surface, an elevated plateau, be- 
' tween Blue Kidge and Stony Mountain : soils good. Farms 
l,2.5:i ; manuf. 3 ; dwell. 1.407, and pop.— wh. 8,096, fr. col. 
S6, si. 5,951— total, 8,777. Capital : Jefferson. 

Ash Creek, p. o., Oktibbeha cr., Miss. : 107 m. N. E. 
Jackson. 

AsHBRY, p. 0., Hancock co., Oltio : 70 m. N."W. Columbus. 

AsHFiELD, t. and p. c, Franklin co., Mass.: in S. W. 
part of CO., 162 m. W. Boston. 

AsHFORD, t. and p. o., Windham co., Conn. : 29 m. E. 
Ilartfurd. Pop. 1,291. 

AsHFORD, t. and p. v., Cattaraugus co., A^ K ; on S. side 
of Cattaraugus cr., 264 m. TV. by S. Albany. P-.p. l,Or.S, 

Asn Grotb, p. o., Green co.^ Mo. : 132 m. S. by W. Jef- 
ferson City. 

Asn GnovE, p. o., Iroquois co., lU. : 109 m. N. E. Spring- 
field 

AstupiTN, p. v., Washington co., Wise. : 76 m. E. by N. 
Madison. 

Ashland county, Ohio. Situate N. centrally, and con- 
tains 342 sq. m. It occupies the watershed between Lake 
Erie and the Ohio r. Drained in the S. by the branches 
of Walhondiug r., and in the N. by those of Vermillion and 
Black rivers. Surface rolling, and soils rich and produc- 
tive. Farms 2,235 ; manuf. 71 ; dwell. 4,123, and pop. 
— wh. 2.3,789, fr. col. 3— total 23,792. Capital : Ashland. 

AsuLAND, p. v., Wapello co., la. : 61 m. S. S. W. Iowa 
City, 

AsnxAND, p. v., Forsyth co., Ga. : 93 m. N. N. W. Mil- 
led geviile. 

AsHLANp, Franklin co., Ky. : the late home of Heniit 
Clat, tAs statesman of the Union; 1| m. S. E. Lexinrrlcn. 

AsnLAXD, p. v., Union co., Ky .; 16S m. W. Frankfort. 

AsuiAND, t. and p. v., Greene co., J^. T.: 44 m. S. W. 
Albany. Fop. 1,2S9. 

Asm-AND, p. v., Wayne co., Term. : on the 3. side of Buf- 
falo r., 69 m. S. W. Nashville. 

AsQLASD, p. v., Middlesex co., Mass. : 46 m. N. W. 
Boston. Pop. of 1. 1,304. 

Ashland, p. v., Dc Soto par., La. : 1S8 m. W. N. W. Baton 
Eouge. 

Ashland, p. v., Bertie co., K. Car. : SO m. E. by N. Ra- 
leigh. 

AsuLAND, p. v., Henry co., In<l. : 22 m. E. by N. Indian- 
apolis. 

AsiTLAXD, p. v., and cap. Ashland co., OJiio: 72 m. N. N. 
E. Columbus. Fop. of v. 1,264. The "Ashlander" (whig), 
and the " Ohio Union" (dem.), are published weekly. 

Ashland, p. v., Wayne, co., Fenn. : 132 m. N. E. ilarris- 
burg. 

Ashland Furnace, p. v., Cambria co., Penn. : 94 m. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Ashley county, Ark. Situate B. E. on State line, and 
contains 660 sq. m. Drained by creeks falling into the 
Bayou Bartholomew, on the E., and Spline and Waehita 
nvers on the W. Surface level prairie, and fertile. I arms 
173 ; dwell. 2C9, and pop.~wh. 1,409, fr. col. 5, si. e4J— total, 
2,058. Capital : Ashley C. H. 

Ashley, p. v., Carroll co., Arl\: 132 m. N. N. W. Little 
Rock. 

Ashley, p. v., Pike co., Mo. : on a branch of Indian cr., 
69 m. N. E. Jefferson City. 

G 



Ashley, v., Delaware co., Ohio : on Cleveland, Culumbus. 
and Cincinnati K. K., 31 m. N. Columbus. 

Ashley Fali^, p. v., Berkshire co., Mass.: 122 m. W. 
Boston. 

AsHLEYVTLu:, p. V., Hampden co., Mass. : 86 m. W. 
Boston. 

Ash RrDQE, p. o., Brown co., Ohio: 84 m. S. S. W. Co- 
lumbus. 

Ash Eidge, p. o., Pulaski co., lU. : ISO m. S. Springfield. 

Ash Pun, p. o., Pendleton co., ITy. : 49 m. N. N. E. 
Frank t'.rl. 

Ash SpEwa, p. o., Harrison co., Ttw. ; 312 m. N.E. 
Axistin City. 

Ashtabula county, Oltdo. Situate N. E. on Lake Erie, 
and contains 1,020 sq. m. Drained by Conneaut cr. and the 
Ashtabula and Grand rivers, which fall into Lake Erie, and 
by several creeks, affluents of Chenango cr., which flows 
toward the Ohio. Surface elevated and rolling, and soil 
generally fertile. Farms 2,243 ; mauuf. 251 ; dwell. 5,306, 
and pop.— wh. 2S,719, fr. col. 41- tntiil 2S,766. Capital : Jef- 
ferson. Puhlia Work£ : Cleveland, Painesville, and Ash- 
tabula Pv. R. 

Ashtabula, t. and p. v., Ashtabula co., Ohio: on Ash- 
tabula r., near ils entrance into Lake Erie, 171 m. N. E. 
Culunilms. It is a place of commercial activity, both as a 
shipping port and railroad dep6t, being on the line of the 
Lake Shore K. R. ; and contains several fine warehouses 
and stores. Two newspapers, the " Sentinel" and the " Tel- 
egraph," are issued weekly. Pop. of v. S21, of t. 2^177, 

AsHTON, p. 0., Dane co., Wise. 

AsuToN, p. v., Clark co., Mo. : 130 m. N. N. E. Jefferson 
City. 

Ashton's, p. 0., Shelby co., Ttsr. .• 1S2 m. E. by N. Aus- 
tin City. 

Ashton's Mills, p. o., Frederick co., Virg. : IIS m. N. 
Richmond. 

Ashuelot river, Ni Ramp.: situate chiefly in Cheshire 
CO. It has its source in a pond in Washington, and thence 
has a southerly course to Kecne, where it receives a con- 
siderable tributary, and another joins it at Swanzey. From 
the latter point its course is 3. W. to the Connecticut, which 
it joins 3 m. above the State line. 

AsHTTLLE, p. v., and cap. St. Clair co., Ala. : on S. side 
of Canoe cr. of Coosa r., 93 m. N. Montgomery. 

AsirviLLE, p. v., Pickaway co., Ohio : 23 m. S. Columbus. 

AsnviLLE, p. v., Holmes co., Miss. : 56 m. N. Jackson. 

Ash^t;lle, p. v., aud cap. Buncombe co., iV. Car. : on 
French Broad r., 218 m. W. Raleigh. Two newspapers, 
the '■ AshviUe Messenger" and the " AshvUle News," both 
■whig in politics, are published weekly. 

AsuwooD, v., Tensas par., La. : 102 m. N. N. W. Baton 
Rouge. 

AsHWOop, p. v., Maury co., Tenn. : 38 m. S. S. W. Nash- 
ville. 

Aspen Grove, p. o., Pittsylvania co., Virg. : near Ban- 
nister r. of the Dan, 102 m. W. S. W. Richmond. 

Aspen Wall, p. o., Charlotte co., Tirg. : 46 m. S. W. 
Richmond. 

Absabet, p. 0., Middlesex CO., Mass. : on the r. of same 
name, 33 m. N. W. Boston. 

Assumption parish, La. Situate S. W. of the State, and 
contains 396 sq. m. Drained by Bayou La Fourche, and 
other streams. Surface low and marshy, subject to inunda- 
tion. Soils rich aud fertile, producing corn, cotton, and 
sugar. Farms 520 ; dwell. 926, and pop. — wh. 5.170, fr. col. 
27, si. 5,341— total 10,533. Capital : Napoleonvillo. 

Assumption, p. v., and cap. Assumption par.. La. : on 
W. side Bayou La Fourche, 33 m. S. Baton Rouge. 

Assyria, p. v., Barry co., Mieh. : 33 m. S. W. Lansing. 

Astoria, p. v., Wright co., Mo. : on a branch of Gascon- 
ade r., 84 m. S. JoflVrson City. 

Astoria, p. v., Fnltou co., ///. ; on a run of Sugar cr., 
6 m. N. W. Illinois r. and 57 m. W. N. w! Springfield. 

49 



AST 



ATT 



Astoria, p. v., Quecn''8 co., Al Y. : on Hallelt's Cove, a bay 
of Ihc E:isl r., near llrllgate, 132 m. S. Allmny. Many New 
York merchants rosidt; here, and arc accommodated by reg- 
ular sleamhoiil navijration. 

Astoria, p. v., Clalsop co., Orerj.: on S. aide Columbia 
r., S m. from its mouth. It is a port of entry, and was for- 
merly a noted trading post, founded in ISlt by John J. 
Astor, tho modern Crcesus, and even at the present time is 
little more. There are many more eligible places than this 
for both foreign and internal commerce near the mouth of 
the river. 

AsTLTJsr, t. and p. c, Bradford co., Penn.: on the S. "W. 
side of Susquehannah r., J)8 m. E. N. E. llarrisburg. "Wy- 
alusing Falls are in this town. 

Atcuafalaya, p. v., Point Coupee par., La, : 42 m. N. 
"W. Baton liouge. 

Atouafatala river, La. : an outlet of the Mississippi r., 
from which it separates 2 m. below the mouth of Ked r., in 
31° 20' N. lat., and 90° 40' W. long., and hence has a course 
S., through Louisiana, upward of^ 147 m. to the bay of the 
same name on the Gulf coast. It receives in its course the 
Plaquemine, another outlet of the Mississippi, The navi- 
gation is obstructed by rana. 

Atciiison county, Mo. Situate in N. "W. comer of State, 
on Missouri r., and contains 5S0 sq. m. ' Drained by the 
Nishnabatona, the Nodoway, and the head watt^rs of Big 
and Little Tarkio rivers. Surface prairie, and exceedingly 
fertile. Farms 1S9; manuf. 5; dwell. 291. and pop. — wh. 
1,641, fr. col. 7, si. 30— total, 1,G7S. Capital: Linden. 

Athens county, Ohio. Situate S. E. on Ohio r., and con- 
tains 463 sq. m. Drained by Hocking r. and its tributaries. 
Surface somewhat hilly and broken, but the soils are very 
fertile. Limestone, iron ore, and bituminous coal are abun- 
dant, and salt wells have been successfully operated in sev- 
eral districts. Farms 1,372 ; manuf. RO ; dwell. 3,120, and 
pop.— wh. 1S,119, fr. col. 96— total, 1S,215. Capital : Athens. 
Piiblic Works : Hocking Canal, Belpr§ R. R., etc. 

Athens, p. v., and cap. Izard co., Ark. : on N. side of 
White r., 94 m. N. Little Rock. 

Athens, p. v., and cap. Limestone co., Ala. : on a cr. of 
Tennessee r., 166 m. N. Montgomery. 

Athens, p. v., and cap. Clark co., Ga. : on "W. bank of 
Oconee r., 57 m. N. Milled gevllle. It is the seat of tht? Uni- 
versity of Georgia, and is connected by R. R. with Savan- 
nah and Charleston. Four newspapers are published 
weekly — the " Athens "Whig," the " Athens Banner'' (dem.). 
the " Home of Mirth," and the " American Mechanic." 

Athens, p. v., Menard co., JU.: 8 m. E. of Sangamon, 
r. and 11 m. N. Springfield. 

Athens, p. v., Fayette co.^Ky.: on a small branch of 
Kentucky r., 33 m. E. S. E. Frankfort. 

Athens, p. o., Claiborne par., La. : 212 m. N. "W. Baton 
Rouge. 

Athens, t. and p. v., Somerset co., Me. : on a tributary of 
Kennebec, r., 3S m. N. Augusta. Pop. 1,466. 

Athens, p. v., Monroe co., J/(v*«. ; on a small tributary of 
Little Tombigbee r., 152 m. N. E. Jackson. 

Athens, t and p. o., Calhoun co., Mich. : on a tribntarj' 
of St. Joseph's r., 59 m. S. W. Lansing. Pop. .53'?. 

Athens, p. v., and cap. Gentry co., Mo. : 162 m. N. W. 
Jefferson City. 

Athens, p. v., Clark co., Mo. : on S. W. side of Des Moines 
r., 140 m. N. JefTerson City. 

Athens, t. and p. v., Greene co., J^. K ; on "W. side of 
Hudson r., opposite the city of Hudson, between which 
there is a steam ferry, 36 m. S. Albany. The v. is a place 
of considerable business, and numerous sloops ply to and 
from N. York City ; and the Albany and Troy steamboats 
make it a stopping place. Pop. 2,9SG. 

Athens, t., p. v., and cap. Athens co., Ohio: on the N. 

bank of Hoeking r., 62 m. S. E. Columbus. It is the seat 

of tho Ohio University, and contains numerous handsome 

buildings. The Cincinnati and Belpr6 R. R. passes 

50 



through it. A branch of the Slate Bank is located here, 
and a newspaper, the "■ Athens Messenger," is issued week- 
ly. Pop. of V. S9S, of t. 2,361. 

Athens, t. and p. v.. Bradford co., Penn.: at the jimc- 
tion of Chemung r. with the Susquehanna, 121 m. X. Har- 
risburg. The North Branch Canal terminates here. Pop. 
of village 706. 

Athens, p. v., and cap. M'Minn co., Tt-^n.; on Eastan- 
alla cr., and the East Tennessee and Georgia K. R.. 53 m. 
N. Dalton. A newspaper, the ''Athens Post," is issued 
weekly. 

Athens, p. v., and cap. Henderson co., T^. (fonnerly 
Alfred) : on a bram-h of Cedar cr., 222 m. N. N. AV. Austin 
City. 

Athens, p. v., Caroline co., Virg.: 88 m. N. Richmond. 

Athens, t. and p. o., "Windham co., Venn.: 7S m. S. 
Montpelier. 

Athensville, p. v., Greene co.^ III.: on Apple cr., in 
the N. E. comer of the co., 42 m. S. W. Springfield. 

Athensville, sta., Delaware co., Penn. : on Columbia 
R. R., 9 m. W. Philadelphia. 

Athol, t. and p. o., Worcester co., Mass. : on Miller's cr., 
61 m. W. N. W. Boston. Pop. 2,033. 

Athol, i. and p. o., "Warren co., JV; }'.- on a tributary of 
Hudson r., 62 m. N. N. "W. Albany. Pop. 1,590. 

Athol Depot, p. o., "Worcester co., J/i/w. ; on the "Ver- 
mont and Massachusetts E. R., 30 m. "W. Fitchburg and S3 
from Boston. 

Atkinson, t. and p. v., Piscataquis co., Mr\ : on S. side 
of Piscataquis r., 64 m. N. N. E. Augusta. Pop. S95. 

Atkinson, t and p. o.. Rockingham co., jV. Uamp. : 23 
m. S. E. Concord. Pop. 6iJ0. 

Atkinson's Mills, p. o., Mifflin co., Penn.: 53 m. "W. 
N. "W. llarrisburg. 

Atlantic county, K Jer. Situate S. E. on Atlantic 
Ocean, and contains 54S sq. ra. Drained by Great and 
Little Egg Harbor rivers, and lined on the coast by nu- 
merous low islands, forming shallow bays and inlets. Sur- 
face level, and soils light and sandy. Farms 327 ; manuf. 
62 ; dwell. 1,5S4, and pop.— wh. 8,750, fr. col. 210, si. 1— total, 
8,961. Capital : May's Landing. 

Atlanta, p. v., De Kalb co., Ga. : at the junction of the 
Georgia, Western, and Atlantic and the !Macon and West- 
ern railroads — an important dci 6t of internal commerce. 
Distance to Augusta 171 m. and to Charleston SOS m. ; to 
Savannah 292 in. ; to Montgomery, Ala., 175 m. ; to Chatta- 
nooga 104 m. ; to Nashville 291 m., and to Knoxville 263 m. 
by R. R. A newspaper, the "Atlanta InteUigencer,''' h is- 
sued weekly. Pop. 4,S12. 

Atlas, p. v.. Pike co., Til. : 63 m. W. by S. Springfield, 
gn the E. side, near Snycarteo Slough, which is navigablo 
for steamboats to this point in high flood. 

Atsion, p. v., Burlington co., JV! Jer. 

Attala county, J/w«. Situate centrally, and contains 
720 sq. m. Drained by the head branches of Pearl and nu- 
merous creeks of Big Black r. Surface undulating, an<i the 
soils fertile. Indian corn, rice, tobacco, and cotton are the 
chief products. Farms 1,336; manuf. 44; dwell. 1,431, and 
pop.— wh. 7,57S, fr. col. 9, al- 3,412— total, 10,999. Capital : 
Kosciusko. 

Attala viLLE, p. v., Attala co.. Miss. : 56 m. N. N. "W. 
Jackson. 

Attapuxgus, p. v., Decatur co., Ga. : on W. side of Flint 
r., 172 m. S. S. W. Milledgeville. 

Attica, p. v., Fountain co., T7i<I. : on the S. E. side of 
Wabash r., 66 m. N. W. Indianapolis. 

Attica, p. v., Greene co.. Wise. : 88 m. S. W. Madison. 

Attica, p. v.,Wyoming co., Al Y. : on Buffalo and P^oehcs- 
ter R. R., 82 m. E. Buffalo, and 25S m. W. Albany. The 
village has considerable trade, and carries on manufactures 
of several kinds. A weekly newspaper, the " Wyoming 
County Mhror," is published here, and circulates about SCO 
copies. 



ATT 



AUG 



Attica, p. v., Seuccii co., OJUo: in S. E. corner of co., 72 
m. N. Columbus. 

ArriCA Ce>-tke, p. o., 'Wyoming CO., N. Y, : 253 m. W. 
Albany. 

Attica, p. v., Lenawee co., 3Tir7i, : 73 m. S. E. Lansing:. 

Attleborocjgh. t. and p. o., Bristol co., Mass. : on Paw- 
tucket r., 33 m. S. "W. liostnn. Tbe Boston and Providence 
K. li. passes tbrough tbe t<iwn. Pop. 4,200. 

Ait LEBO ROUGH, p. T., Bucka co., Perm. : 21 m. N. N. E. 
rbila<ielplihi and lUO E. Harrisburg. 

Attlebuht, p. T., Ducbess co., !^. K ; 53 m. S, S. E. Al- 
bany. 

Atwater, p. v., Porta!^ co., Ohio: on Cleveland and 
PiiUbiir;: P.. E., 50 m. S. S. E. Clcreland and 113 m. E. N. 
E. CohiMibus. 

Atwood, p. T., De Kslb co., Ala.: 152 m. N. E. Mont- 
gomery. 

AiruBEErTATiBBn, p. 0., Fulton co., In.^. : 8 m. K. Indian- 
apolis. 

AuBunN, p. v., MacoH co^ Ala.: on Montgomery and 
"West Point li. R., GO m. "W. by N. Montgomery. 

AuBCBN, p. T., Gwinnett co., Ga. : 54 m. N. "W. Milledge- 
villo. 

Auburn, p. v., Sangamon co., HI. : on Sugar cr., 15 m. 
S. by W. Springfield. 

Auburn, p. t., and cap. De Kalb co., Ind. : on Eel r., 126 
m. N. E. Indianapolis. 

Auburn, p. v., Mahaska co., la. : 64 m. "W. by S. Iowa 
City. 

Auburn, p. v., Wake co., K Car. 

Auburn, t. and p. t., Fond du Lac CO., Wi^c: on Rod- 
man r., SO m. N. E. Madison. 

Auburn, p. t., Cumberland co., Me. 

Auburn, p. v., "Worccsler co., Mass. : 42 m. "W. Boston. 

Auburn, p. t., Oakland co., Mich. : 7S m. E. by S. Lan- 
sing. 

Auburn, p. v., Tlinds oo.. Miss. : 24 m,*W. by S. Jackson. 

Auburn, p. t., Lincoln co., Mo.: 72 m. N. E. Jefferson 
Cily. 

Auburn, p. v., and cap. Placer co., Calif. : on E. bank 
on the X. fork of American r., 6 m. above its confluence 
with the S. fort. 

Auburn, p. ▼., Rockingham co., K Ramp. Pop. SIO. 

Auburn, p. v., and cap. Cayuga co., A1 K ; at the outlet 
of Owaaco Lake, and on the Rochester and S}Tacu3e R. R., 
174 m. "W". Albany. It is tlie site of a State Prison, which 
occupies an area of 500.000 sq. ft,, inclosed by a stone wall 
4 (I. thick. The discipline of this prison is very strict, and 
the convicts are kept to hard labor. The Presbyterians 
have a theological seminary at Auburn, and there are also 
several flourishing academies. The' "Journal" and tbe 
" Advertiser" are publislicd daily : the " Capiga New Era," 
the "Caj*uga Chief," and the "Northern Christian Advo- 
cate," weekly, and the " Masonic Union," monthly. Nu- 
merous manufactures are carried on. Pop. 9,.'>iS. 

Auburn, p. r., Schuylkill co., Pemi.: on Philadelphia 
and Reading R. R., S3 m. N. "W. Pbiladelpliia. 

Auburn, t, and p. t., Geauga co., Ohio: on Chagrinc r., 
130 ra. N. E. Columbus. 

AuBURU, p. v., Fauquier co., Yirg.: SQ m. N. N. "W. 
Eiehmond. 

Auburn, p. v., Cannon co., Tenn. : 47 m. W. S. W. Nash- 
ville. 

Auburn Four Corners, p. o., Susquehanna co., Pewji. : 
in S. E. part of co., lOS m. N. E. Harrisburg. 

AuciLLA, p. T., Jefferson co., Jf'lor. : on the r. of the 
Barae name. 26 m. S. "W. Tallahassee. 

Audrain counly, Mo. Situate E. middle, and contains 
1,220 sq. m. Drained by tributaries of Salt r. Surface level 
or undulating, and soils excellent, producing tbe cereals 
abundantly and some tobacco. Farms 417; manuf. 10; 
dwell. 498, and pop.— wh. 8,04S, ir. co!. I, si. 407— total 
8,506. Capital : Mexico. 



Audubon county, Li. Situate S. \V., and contains 576 
sq. m., taken from the Pottowottamie in 1851. 

Audubon, p. t., Montgomery co., III. : 42 m. S. E. Spring- 
field. 

Audubon, p. v., Hardeman co., Tenn.: on a cr. of Big 
Hatchee r., 134 m. W. S. W. Nashville. 

Augerona, p. v., Jackson co., Vivg. : 3IS m. "W. N. "W. 
Richmond. 

Auglaize county, Ohio. Situate N. "W., and contains 396 
sq. m. Drained by Auglaize r. and it* trilmUirios. Surface 
undulating, and soil moderately fertile. Farms 1,393; 
manuf. 30; dwell. 2,020, and pop.— wh. 11,251, fr. col. S7— 
total 1],33S. Capital: "Wapaukonnctta. rtcblic Works: 
Miami Caual, etc. 

Auglaize, p. v., Van "Wert co., Ohio: on Little Auglaize 
r., 9S m. "VV. N. W. Columbus. 

Augusta county, Yirg. Situate centrally between Blue 
Ridge and Great North Mountain, and contains 860 sq. m. 
Drained by the head waters of Shenandoah and James 
rivers. Surface picturesquely varied, and soils fertile. 
There are several medicinal springs in the county. "Wheat, 
Indian corn, and oats are the chiof products, and cattle 
raising is much engaged in. Farms 1,2G4; manuf. ISl ; 
dweU. 3,207, and pop.— wh. 19,024, fr. er.I. 533, si. 5,05a— 
total 24,610. Capital: Staunton. Public ]Vor/:.s: Virginia 
Central R. R., etc 

Augusta, p. v., Benton co., Plor. : 160 m. S. E. Talla- 
hassee. 

Augusta, p. city, and cap. Richmond co., Ga. : on Sa- 
vannah r.,and at the intersection of the South Carolina, the 
Georgia, and the Burke County railroads. It is an im- 
portant commercial point, and the depot of an extensive 
and fertile country, the produce of whieh, cotton, tobacco, 
etc., is sent down to Charleston, 137 m., by R. R., and to 
Savannah by tbo Savannah r. The city is well laid out, and 
has many spacious stores and dwellings. The public build- 
ings are a City Hall, County Court House and Jail, a thea- 
tre, arsenal, hospital, and numerous churches. The ''Sen- 
tinel" and " Constitutionalist" are published daily, and have 
also tri-weekly and weekly editions ; the " Repubhc" is is- 
sued tri-weekly and weekly, ami there are two monthir 
publications issued — tbe " Southern Medical Journal" and 
the " Soutliern Cultivator." 

Augusta, p. v., Jacltson co., Ark. : 44 m, E. N. E. Little 
Rock. 

Augusta, p. v., Hancock co., III. : in S. E. comer of co., 
7S m. W. by N. SpringQeid. 

Augusta, p. v., Marion co., Ind. : in N. "W. comer of co., 
12 m. N. "W. Indianapolis. 

Augusta, p. v., Des Moines c/)., la. : on the Chicagua or 
Skunk r., 61 m. S. S. E. Iowa City. 

Augusta, p. v., Bracken co., Ay. ; on the S. bank of the 
Ohio r., 66 m. N. E. Frankfort, It is the seat of Augusta 
College, a Methodist establishment, founded in 1525. 

Augusta, t., p. city, and cap. Kennebec co.. Me., and cap- 
ital of the State of Maine: on both sides of Kennebec r., at 
the head of steamboat navigation, 43 ra. from the ocean. 
Lat. 440 1&' 4:i" N., and long. 69=^ 50' W. from G., or 7^ 12' 
E. from W., and distant .'>95 m. N. E. Washington. A fine 
bridge, 520 fed long, connects the two parts of the v., whicli 
is regularly laid out, and rises gradually from the shores of 
the river. It contains the State House, Insane Hospital, the 
CO. buildings, a U. S. Arsenal, and numerous ohurches and 
school-houses, many of whieh are elegant structures. The 
State House is located half a mile 6. of the v. The build- 
ing is of white granite, and has spacious halb for the legis- 
lature and executive officers. Four newspapers are pub- 
lished weekJy, the "Kennebec Journal" (whig), the "Age" 
(dem.), the " Maine Farmer" (agric), and the " Gospel 
Banner." The Kennebec and Portland R. R. terminates 
here, connecting the v. with Portland and other New 
England cities, and steamboats ply regularly between this 
place and the principal north Atlantic porta. Pop. 8,225 

51 



AUG 

Augusta, p. v., and cap. Perry co., Mm. : on Leaf cr., 
a branch of Pascagoula r., 100 m. S. E. Jackson. 

Augusta, p. v., SI. Charles co., Mo. : SO m. E. by N. Jef- 
ferson City. 
Augusta, p. v., Sussex co., A'. Jer. : 62 m. N. Trenlon. 
Augusta, p. v., Oneida co., J/. 1'. : on Shanandoah cr., 
90 m. W. by N. Albany. 

AcousTA, t and p. v., Carroll CO., Ohio : on a tribulary 
of Sandy cr., 114 m. E. by N. Columbus. Pop. 1,297. 

Augusta, t. and p. o., Northumberland co., Penn. : on 
E. bank of Susquehanna r., 3S m. N. Harrisburg. 

AuMA.\'8 Hui, p. 0., Montgomery CO., K Ccir. : 78 m. 3. 
W. P.aleigh. 

AuEARiA, p. T., Lumpkin co., Ga. : on a branch of Chat- 
tahoochee r., lOS m. N. W. MiUodgeTUle. Gold is found in 
■ the vicinity, and hence its name. 

AuKELiA, p. v., 'Washington CO., Ohio : in N. 'W. part of 
CO., on Duck cr, 86 m. E. by S. Columbus. 

AuEELius, L and p. v., Cayuga Co., A'. T. : between the 
outlela of Caj-uga and Owasco lakes, US m. W. Albany. 

AuEiESTiui:, p. v., Montgomery co., Jf. Y. : on the S. 
bank of the Mohawk, and on the Eric Canal, 42 m. W. N. 
W. Albany. 

AuEOEA, p. v., Marshall co., Ala. : on a cr. of Locust 
fork of Black Warrior r., 121 m. N. Montgomery. 

AuEORA, p. v., Kane CO., HI. : on E. side of Fox r., 123 m. 
K E. Springfield. The "Aurora Branch" of Galena and 
Chicago Union R. E. terminates here, and an extension 
continues the road to the Illinois r. at La Salle. 

AuEOEA, p. v., Dearborn co., Ind. : on Ohio r., 108 m. S. 
E. Indianapolis. It is a place of considerable business and 
commercial activity. A newspaper, tho " Western Com- 
mercial," is issued weekly. 

AuEOEA, p. v., MarshaU CO., Ei/. : 216 m. W. by N. 

Frankfort 

AuEOEA, t and p. v., Ilancock Co.. Me. .• 90 m. E. Augusta. 

AuEOEA, p. v., Cayuga Co., JK r. ; on tho E. bank of 

Cayuga Lake, and a steamboat station on the Cayuga and 

Susquehanna route. Pop. 600. 

AuitoBA, t. and p. v.. Portage co., Ohio : in N. W. cor- 
ner of CO., 126 m. E. N. E. Columbus. Pop. 82.3. 

Au Sable river, 21 Y. : rises near the sources of Hudson 
r., and empties into Lake Champlain, in the S. part of Clin- 
ton CO. It has two main branches, which unite at Au Sable 
Forks vill.ag6. Its falls afford extraordinary water-power. 
Immediately below the lower falls at Birmingham the river 
passes through a chasm for tho distance of 2 m., the walls 
of which are perpendicular rocks from T5 to 150 feet high 
and from 50 to 65 apart at tho top. 

An Sable, p. v., Kendall co., HI: on Au. Sable r. a 
branch of the lUinois r., 130 m. N. E. Springfield. 

Au Sable, v., Essex CO., N. Y. : 105 m. N. Albany. The 
" Au Sable Gazette" is publishod weekly. 

Ac Sable Foekb, p. o., Essex eo., M T. : at the junction 

of the forks of Au Sable r., 126 m. N. Albany. 

Austeelitz, p.T., Kent co., Mich. ; 57 m. W. by N. Lansing. 

Austeelitz, t. and p. v., Columbia co., If. Y. : on Green 

r., a branch of the Housatonic, 31 m. S. S. E. Albany. Pop 

1,874. 

Austin county, Tex. Situate S. E., centrally, on Brazos 
r, and contains about 1,100 sq. m. Drained by Caney, 
Piney, and Mill creeks fi-om the W., and Fishpond Spring 
and others (torn the E., tributaries of Brazos r. ; also by 
creeks of San Bernardo r., which bounds it W. Surface 
generally level, in the N. undulating, and along the streams 
heavily timbered. The prairies are extensive and the soils 
very fertile. Farms 230 ; dwell. 4.32, and pop.— wh. 2,2S6, 
fr. col. 0, 6l. 1,649— total 8,841. Capital: BellviUe. 

AusnN, p. T., Atchison co.. Mo. : 212 m. N. W. Jefferson 
City. 
Austin, p. v., Eoss eo., O/iio : 51 m. S. Columbus. 
.lusTTN, p. v., and cap. Tunica co., J/«s. / 103 m. N. 
Jackson. 



AVO 



B, p. o., Kalamazoo co., Mich. : 66 m. S. W 



AuSTln, p. city and cap. Travis co., 71^. : and capil.il of 
Ihe State of Texas, on N. side of Colorado r., about 200 m. 
tlom the Gulf, and 1,420 m. S. W. Washington. It is a-s yet 
a mere village, but is rapidly improving. Pop. abont 1,500 
Two newspapers, the "State Gazette," and (he "Soutli 
western American," are issued weekly. 

AusTlNBuBQ, p. T., AshUibula CO., Ohio: on N. side of 
Black r., 159 m. N. E. Columbus. 

Austin's Feeet, p. o., Grainger co., Te/in. : 176 m. E 
Nashville. 

Austin's La 
Lansing. 

AusTiNTTLLE, p. V., Wythe CO., Virg.: on Cripple cr.,206 
m. W. S. W. Eichmond. 

Autauga county, Ala. Situate centrally on Alabama r., 
and contains 1,152 sq. m. Drained by Autauga, Mulberry, 
and other creeks of tho Alabama; Ockmulgee cr. of Ca- 
tawba r., etc. Surface varied — in places broken and rough. 
Soils of average fertility ; very rich on the streams. Pro- 
ducts corn and cotton. Farms 711 ; manuf 61 ; dwell. 1.114, 
and pop.— wh. 6,274, fr. col. 19, si. 8,731)— total 15,023. Cap. 
ital: Kingston. J'uUic Works: Selma and Tennessee 
Elver E. E. 

Autauga vlLLE, p. v., Autauga Co., Ala. : IS m. W. N. 
W. Montgomery. 

AvA, p. v., Winnebago CO., lU. : 3 m. N. of Peketonica 
r., 172 m. N. N. E. Springfield. 
Ata, p. v., Oneida co., M Y. : 100 m. W. N. W. Albany. 
Avalanche lake. A"; Y.: a small body of water, between 
Mt M'Intyre and Mt. M'Mortin, in Essex co. : it is ele- 
vated 2,900 feet above tide, and is consequently the highest 
■water in the Slate. It is tributary to the Hudson. 
AvEEV, p. v., Monroe co., la. : 86 m. S. S. W. Iowa City. 
AvEET, p. v., Jo Daviess co.. Jit. : ISl m. N. W. Spring- 
fleld. 

AvEETSBOEOUGH, p. V., Cumberland co., A' Car. : on the 
E. side of Cape Fear r., 30 m. S. Ealeigh. 

AvxRv's Ceeek, p. 0., Buncombe CO., 2f. Car. : on a or. 
60 called, 228 m. W. by S. Ealeigh. 

Aveey's Gobe, p. o.j Franklin co., Verm. : 52 m. N. by 
W. Montpelier. 

AviLLA, p. v.. Noble Co., Ind. : 118 m.N.by E. Indianap- 
ohs. 
AviSTON, p. v., Clinton co.. III. : 81 m. S. Springfield. 
Avoyelles parish, Za. Situate E. of W. Dist., having 
tho Wacliifa, Eed Elver, and Bayou Atchafalaya on its E. 
border, and contains 1,200 sq. m. Drained by numerous 
tributaries of the border rivers. Surface low and sw.ampy 
near the rivers, and subject to inundations ; but in the W. 
more elevated, and the soils fertile, producing excellent cot- 
ton. Farms 393 ; manuf. 5 ; dwell. 792, and pop. — wh. 4,066, 
tr. col. 99, si. 5,161— total 9,326. Capital : MarksviUc. 
Avo, p. v., Patrick eo., Virff. : 162 m. S. W. Eichmond. 
Avoca, p. v., Livingston CO., HI.: on N. fork of Yer- 
million r., 92 m. N. E. Springfield. 

Avoca, p. v., Fond du Lac Co., Wise: 82 m. N. E. 
Madison. 

Avoca, p. v., Jefferson co.. Mo. : 89 m. W. by S. Jetfer- 
Bon City. 

Avoca, p. v., Steuben co., HT. Y. : on Conhocton r., 213 
m. W. by S. Albany, and a station on the Buffalo, Coming, 
and New York E. E. 

Avon, t. and p. v., Hartford co.. Conn. : 10 m. W. of 
Hartford, and a station on New llaven and Northampton 
R. E., 37 m. N. New Haven. Pop. 1,995. 

Avon, p. v., St. Genevieve co.. Mo. : 122 m. E. S. E. Jef- 
ferson City. 

Avon, t. and p. v., Kocfc CO., Wise. : on Sugar cr., 36 m. 
fl. Madison. Poi>. 55S 

AvoK, t. and p. v., Franklin co.. Me. : on Sandy r., 38 m. 
N. W. Augusta. 

Avon, t. and p. o., Ionia CO., Mich. : 32 m. W. N. W. 
Lansing. 



AVO 



BAK 



Avon, t. ;md p. v., Livingston Co., A'. Y. : 163 m. W. 
AJbany. Pop. •2,s07. 

Avon, t. and p. v., Lornin co., Ohw: on Lake Eric, lU 
in. N. N. E. Oolumljns. 

AvosnAUi, p. T., Chcsler CO., Pain.: 66 m. S. E. Ilar- 
risburs. 

Avon Lakb, p. a, Lorain Co., OMo ; 116 m. N. N. E. 
Columbus. 

AxEviLLE, p. T., Cattaraugos CO., J^. T. : 21S m. W. by 
8. Albany. 

Atebsvule, p. T., Deflance Co., CAto ; 13'2 m. N. W. 
Columbus. 

Atebsyille, p. v., Stokoe co., y. Car. : 113 m. W. N. W. 
Ealeigh. 

Atxettes, p. 0., King William co., Virg. : 25 m. N. E. 
Richmond. 

AzAilA, p. T., Barlliolomcw co., Tn4. : on E. side of E. 
fork of White r.. IS m. S. S. E. Indianapoli.^. 

AzTALiN, p. v., Jefferson Co., T(7.!C. .• 21 m. E. by S. 
Madison. 



B. 



Babcock Hill, p. o., OneUla co., iV: K ; SS m. "W. N. W. 
Albany. 

Babcock's GnoTE, p. o., Du Page co., III.: IGO m. N. 
N. E. Springfield. 

Babylon, p. v., Suffolk co., y. Y. ; on Great South Bay, 
142 m. S. S. E. Albany — a pleasant and fashionable sum- 
mer resort 

Bachelor's Geove, p. o., Eock co., Wii;c: 37 m. S. bj 
E. Madison. 

BACffELOR's Hall, p. o., Pittsylvania co., Virt;. : lis m. 
W, S. W. Eichmund, 

Bachelor's Home, p. o., Lee co., Virff.: 296 m. W. by 
8. Eiehmond. 

Bacuelou's Retreat, p. o., Pickens co., & Car. : 119 m. 
N. W. Columbia. 

Bachma^'s Mills, p. o., Carroll co., Md. : at the head of 
Bi? Pipe cr., 56 m. N. W. Annapolis. 

Bace Creek, Md. : a large cr. of Elk r., which, with the 
Chesapeake and Delaware Canal, forms a navigable pas- 
sage across the neck of the peninsula. 

Back Creek Vallet, p. o., Frederick co., Vffff. : in the 
valley of Back cr., a tributary of Potomac r., 12S m. N. by 
W. Eiehmond. 

Back Biver, Md. : a lajrge inlet of Chesapeake Bay, E. 
of Susquehanna r. 

Bacon's Castle, p. o., Surry co., Tz^'g. : 51 m. S. E. Eieh- 
mond. 

Bad Axe county, TH'-sy'. Situate E. of Mississippi r., nnd 
contains T20 sq. m. Drained by Kickapoo, Bad Axe, and 
Raccoon rivers. Surface generally level, with large bot- 
toms on the Mississippi: suils deep and rich. Erected since 
1S50. 

Bad Ase, p. v., Bad Axe co., Wi^c. : on Bad Axe r., a 
tributiiry of the Mississippi, 9S m. W, by N. Madison. 

Badger, p. o.. Fond du Lac co., Wise. : 70 m. K. E. 
Madison. 

Bagdad, p, v., Smith ca, Tain.: 52 m. E. N. E. Nash- 
ville. 

Bagdad, p. v., Lafayette co., Mo. : 9S m. "W. by N. Jef- 
ferson City. 

Bahama Chan>t.l, or Gulf of Florida, the narrow sea 
between the cn.ist of the T'nited SUiIls and the Bahama 
Islands, 135 m. long and 46 in mean breadth. The cuiTcnts 
here are most violent, and vessels are frequently wrecked 
In passing through this strait. 

BAiLEYSBrRGii, p. V., Perry co., Ptmn.: on the line of 
the Penn.tylvania R. R., 23 m. W. by N. Harrisburg. 

Bailey's Crree, p. o., Osage co., J/o. ; on a creek so 
called, CUling into the Missouri r., 24 m. E. JeCTcrson City. 



Bailey Creek, p. o., Tioga co., Peiin. : 105 m. N. by W. 
Harrisburg. 

Bailey's Foim Corners, \>. o., Greene co., N. Y. : 3S m 
S. S. W. Albany. 

Baileyville, t. and p. v., "Washington co., 3/>. ; on St. 
Croix r., immediately S. of the outlet of Schoudic Lakes, 
126 m. E. by N. Augusta. Pop. 431. 

Bainbridge, p. v., Macon co., Ala. : 53 m. E. Mont- 
gomery. 

Bainbridge, p. v., and cap. Decatur co., Ga. : on E. side 
of Flint r., 160 m. S. S. W. Milledgeville. 

Bainbhidgf, p. v., Putnam co., Lid. : on "Wiilnut fork of 
Eel r., 40 m. W. In<lianapoii8. 

Baikbridge, p. v., Williamson co., III.: on a branch of 
Big Muddy r., 142 m. S. by E. Springfield. 

Baisbridgj:, p. v., Christian co., K^.: 170 m. W. S. W- 
Frankfort. 

Bainbhidge, t. and p. v., Berrien co., Mich. : 102 m. W. 
S. W. Lansing, 

Bainbuipge, p. v., Boss co., Ohio: on S. side Paint cr., 
a tributary of the Scioto r., ami near the falls, 54 m. S. by 
W. Columbus. A branch of the Cincinnati. Hillsboro', and 
Parkersl>urg R. R. terminates here. 

BAiNiiitiDGE, p. v., Lane:ister co., Penn.: on the N. E. 
bank uf Susijiichanna r., 17 m. S. E. Harrisburg. 

Baixcridue, t and p. v., Chenango co.. N. Y.: on Sus- 
quelianna r., 96 m. W. by S. Albany. Pop. 8,3SS. 

Bainbridge, p. v., Robertson co., Tcnn. : 25 m. N. by "W. 
Nashville. 

Baiedstowx, p. v., Oglethorpe co., G<i. : 46 m. N. Mil- 
ledgeville. 

Baitlxg Hollow, p. v., Suffolk co., A1 K ; 152 m. 3. E. 
Albany. 

Baker county, Ga. Situate S. W., and contains 1,296 
sq. m. Drained by Chiekasawatchie cr. and lehawajiioch- 
away r., tributaries of Flint r., which traverses it in a N. E. 
and S. W. direction. Surface various — mostly level, and 
the soil sandy, but productive for cotton. Farms 4-U; 
manuf. 12; dwell. 755, and pop.— wh. 4,355, fr. col. 0, si. 
3,765— total S,120. Capitul: Newton. 

Baker's, p. o., "Washington co., Kij. : 42 m. S. "W. Frank- 
fort. 

Baeer's, p. 0., Champaign co., Ohio : 53 m. "W. Columbus. 

Baker's Corners, p. o., Walworth co., iri'sc. ; 56 m. E. 
by S. Madison. 

Baker's Falls, A*! Y. : on Hudson r., 52 m. aboTC AX- 
bany. The descent is 76 feet in 60 rotlo. 

Baeersfield, t and p. v., Franklin co.. Verm. : on a 
branch of Mis-^is'iue r., 40 m. N. by W. Montpelicr. I,ri2'^. 

Baker's Island : a small island in the Atlantic, off the 
ooast of Maine. 

Baker's Island : a small island off the Massachusetts 
coast, 5 m. E. N. E. Salem. There is a lighthouse on the 
N. cud. 

Baker's River, y. Ramp. : a considerable stream, form- 
ed of two branches — the N. branch from Moosheloc mts., 
and the S. branch from the town of Orange; alter tlieir 
union, the river has a S. E. course to the Pemegowaset r., 
into which it falls. 

Baker's Run, p. o., Hardy co., Yirg. : on a cr. so called, 
146 m. N. "W. Richmond. 

Baker^town, p. v., Alleghany co., Penn.: 162 m. "W. 
Harrisburg. 

BAKEiwvtLLE, p. v., Litchficld CO., Conn.: 82 m. W. 
Harlford. 

BAKEi*svn.i.E, p. v., Coshocton co., Ohio: 62 m. E. N. E. 
Columbus. 

Bakerstille, p. v., "Washington co., Md. : on the E. side 
Marsh cr., 94 m. W. N. W. Annapolis. 

Bakter.'^ville, p. v., Somerset co., Perm. : 12S m. W. 3. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Bageiwville, p. v., Yancey m., AC Car.: on Cane or. 
of Nolichuckj r., 193 m. W. Ralei?;b. 



BAL 



BAL 



Baldwin county, Aia. Situate S. "W. on Mobile Bay, 
and contains 2,180 sq. m. Drained by nunu-rDua creeks 
and tributaries of the bay, Alabama r., and I'crdido r. The 
coast on the Gulf of Mexico is lined by long sand islands, 
■which also incloao Mobile Bay from the soa. Surface near 
the coast a sand plain, but the land rises inland. Soils, ex- 
cept on the streams, poor. Cotton is the chief product 
Farms 121; manuf. 3S; dwell. 397. and pop.— wh. 2,100, 
fr. col. 9G, si. 2,21S— total 4,414. Oipital: Blakely. J^ul- 
Ug Works: Girard and Mobile R. K. (proposed). 

Baldwin county, Ga. Situate centrally, and contains 
329 sq. m. Drained by tributaries of Oconee r., which 
traverses from N. W. to S. K. Surface uneven, and the soil 
of arerage fertility— Indian corn and cotton being Ihe chief 
products. Farms 240; manuf. 3; dwell. 64T, and pop— 
wh. 8,522 fr. col. 24, si. 4,602— total 8,143. Capital: Mil- 
ledgeville. Puhlic Works : Milledgeville and Gordon K. K., 
and Eatonton E. R. 

Balcony Falls, p. o.,RorJ.vbridge oo., Yirg. : IIS m. \V. 
Eichmond, on James r., at the passage of the Blue Ridge, 
and the W. terminus of James River Canal. The river is 
here narrow, and crossed by a feeder dam, and the scenery 
highly picturesque. 

Bald Creek, p. o., Yancey co., N. Cni\ : on a cr. so 
called, 192 m. W. Ealeigh. 

Bald Eagle, p. o., Bath co., Jvfj. : 58 m. E. Frankfort 

Bald Eagle, p. o., Tork co., retm. : 82 m. S. by E. Ilar- 
risburg. 

Bald Eagle Mountains, Penn. : on the confines of 
Huntingdon and Centre counties, and N. E. of Juniata r., 
about SO m. "W. Harrisburg. Bald Eagle, or Sinking Spring 
Valley, lies at the E. base on the edge of Bedford county, 
and is 5 m. wide. It is remarkable for a phenomvnon called 
the " Swallows," -which absorb several large streams, and 
discharge them again after a subterranean passage of sev- 
eral miles. 

Bald Eagle Eiteb, Penn. : rises in Centre co., and runs 
N. E. to tho "W. branch of Susquebannah r. after a course 
of 60 miles. 

Bald Head, Me. : a headland on the S. "W. side of "Wells 
Bay, lat 43°, and long. 80° 35' W. from Greenwich. 

Bald IlE.iD, jV. Car. : a cape at the S. W. end of Smith's 
island, at the mouth of Cape Fear r. A lighthouse is erect- 
ed here, 24 m. N. N. W. from Frjing-pan Sboal, lat, 38° 
51', and long. 78° 18' W. from Greenwich. 

Bald Hill, p. o., Miiscogee co., Ga. : 96 m. "W. S. W. 
Milledge^■ille. 

Bald HilLj p. o., Norfolk co.. Jfass. : 22 m. S. S. W. 
Boston. 

Bald Mottnt, p. o., Xuceme co., P*'mi. : 82 m. N. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Bald Motjntxin, p. o., Oakland co., Jf/'cTi. 

Baldwin, p. v., Chemung co., ^V. J'. ; 156 m. W. S. V{. 
Albany. 

Baldwin, p. v., Butler co., Pen7i. : 173 m. "W. N. "W. 
Harrisburg. 

Baldwinsvtlle, p. v., "Woreester co., 3fa8s.: on the line 
of the Vermont and Massaehusotts R. R., 21 m. W. Fitch- 
burg, and 71 from Boston. 

Baldwinsville, p. v., Onondaga co., ^ Y.: on the N. 
W. side of Oswego r., 13S m. W. byN. Albany. A newspa- 
per, the " Onondaga Gazette," is issued weekly. 

Baldwinvule, p. v., Edgar co., HI. : 114 m, E. Spring- 
field. 

Balize, orNorth-east Passof the delta of the Mississippi 
r.. 100 m. below New Orleans. It is the principal ship pas- 
sage to and from the Gulf of Mexico, 

Balize, p. v., Ptaquemine par.. La. : on the pass of the 
same name, 158 m. S. by E. Baton Rouge. 

Ballabd county, Ky. Situate W. on the Ohio and Mis- 
sissippi rivers, and contains 372 sq. m. Drained by the 
Humphrey, Willow, and Mayfleld creeks. Surface rugged, 
but soils fertile, producing grain in abundance, with tobacco 
54 " 



and 6ome cotton. Farms 483 ; manuf. 7 ; dwell. 775, and 
pop.— wh. 4,623, fr. col. 26, si. S42— total 5,406. Capital: 
Blandville. Pullic Works: Mobile and Ohio R. R. 

Ballard's Beidge, p. o., Chowan co., .A''. Car. : 133 m. 
E. N. E. Raleigh. 

Ballardsville, p. v., Oldham co., Kr/. : on S. E. line of 
CO., 26 m. "W. N. W. Frankfort. 

Ballardsville, p. v., Boono co., Vtrg. : on E. side of 
Guyandotte r., 252 m. \V. Ricbraond. 

Ballard Vale, p. o., Essex co., Mass. 

Ballenger'b, p. o., Tipton co., Jiid. : 37 m. N. Indianap- 
olis. 

Ballew's Ferry, p. o., Calcasieu par., La. ; on E. side of 
Sabine r., 152 m. V>'. by S. Biptou Rouge. 

Ball Ground, p. o., Cherokee co., Ga. : 104 m. N. by "W, 
Milledgeville. 

Ball Play, p. o., Monroe co., Teiui.: 158 m. E. by S. 
Nashville. 

Ball's Pond, p. o., Fairfield co. Coiui.: 54 m. S. W. 
Hartford. 

Ballston Centre, p. v., Saratoga co., JV'", Y. : 24 m. N. 
N. "VV. Albany. 

Ballston Spa, p. v., and cap. Saratoga co., X. Y. : on a 
small branch of Kayaderosscras cr., 2T ni. N. N. "W. Alba- 
ny. It is much celebrated for its mineral springs, and is 
the most fashionable summer resort in the Union. Rail- 
roads connect it with Troy, Schenectady, and Albany, south- 
ward, and with Whitehall, etc., northward. Two newspa- 
pers, the '* Ballston Democrat," and " Ballston Journal," are 
issued weekly. 

Eallstown, p. v., Ripley co., Jiid.: 56 m. S. E. Indian- 
apolis. 

Ballsvtlle, p. v., Powhatan co., Tirg.: on Deep cr. of 
James r., 38 m. W. Richmond. 

Baltlmore county, Md. Situate N. E., and contains 631 
sq. m. Drained by Patapsco, Gwiun's, Jones, and Great 
Gunpowder Falls rivers. Surface uneven and varied. 
Soils thin and rocky, but fertile. Timber abundant, as also 
iron, copper, and other minerals, with building atone of va- 
rious kinds. Farms 1,655 ; manuf. 2,569 ; dwell. 30,065, and 
pop._wh. 175,853, fr. col. 28,570, si. 6,718— total 210,646. 
Capital: Baltimore. Public Works: Baltimore and Ohio 
R. R. ; Philadelphia, Wilmington, and Baltimore R. R. ; Bal- 
timore and Susquehanna R. R., with Westminster Brancn; 
and the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal. A R. R. also runs 
from Westchester, Pa., direct to Baltimore (in progress). 

Baltimore City, sea-porl, p. city, and cap. Baltimore co., 
3Id. : on the N. side Patapsco r., 14 m. from its entrance into 
Chesapeake Bay, and 204 m. from the Atlantic Ocean, by 
ship channel, and 2S m. N. Annapolis ; lat. 39° 17' 23", and 
long. 0° 24' E. Washington. 

The city is pleasantly situated on a slightly undulating 
ground, and some of the elevations in the vicinity command 
fine views. As laid out, it includes four miles square, and is 
built around the bay. The streets arc regular and spa- 
cious, the buildings mostly of brick, and some of them ex- 
hibiting beautiful architectural combinations. Jones' Falls, 
a small stream from the N., divides the city into two parts, 
and over it are erected several handsome stone and wooden 
"bridges. 

The harbor of Baltimore is capacious and safe, and con- 
sists of an inner basin and an outer harbor— the latter at 
Fell's Point, and accessible to tlie largest ships. The en- 
trance is commanded by Fort M'llcnry. 

The principal public buildings are the City Hall, the 
County Court House, the State Penitentiary, County Prison 
and House of Refuge, the Roman Catholic Cathedral, the 
finest in the Union, and numerous buildings devoted to 
collegiate, academic, and other literarj- and cducali.mal 
purposes. The monuments of Baltimore, and its nume- 
rous fountains, are distinguishing features in the adoniinenta 
of tbe city. 

Tlie population, in 1S50, amounted to 169,064 souls, of 



BAL 



BAN 



whii'ii 140,006 were whites, '2''.-14-J fr. eol.. ami '-MI4i"» si. 
The total value of real and personal estate was $S0,'2;i7,9t)0, 
ami llic taxes raised. $G17,994, of wliich $;iSl,509 was city 
tiix. Baltimore lias 4 cnUeges, 07 academies and private 
ficliools. and 71 primary and public schonls. The I'liivcr- 
sity, St. Mary's Uollege, and Washington Medical C'ollege, 
are tlic prineii)al co!le2;iate institutions. There are 99 
churches of all denominations, of which 6 are Baptist, 10 
Episcopal, 3 German lieformed, 8 Lutheran. 42 Methodist, 
4 I'resbylcrian, S Ilonian Catholic, and S otiiors not speci- 
fied. The public press consists of Q daily, 4 tri-weekly, 10 
■weekly, 1 semi-monthly, and 2 monthly periodieids and 
newspapers; and of these 6 are religious, 1 agricultural, 1 
musical, and 1 colonization ; the remainder are devoted to 
politics and general news. 

The industrial employments of the citizens are various 
and extensive. There are 2,243 establishuients; the man- 
ufacturing capital invested, $6,541,922 ; males employed, 
15,442; females employed, 5,044; raw material consumed, 
$9,444,244 ; monthly cost of labor, $459,441 ; annual pro- 
ducts, $2il,41(j,511 ; of these establislmienta, 71 arc blacksmith, 
8o(j boot and slioe, 111 cabinet ware, 120 cigar, 238 cloth- 
ing. 26 coach and carriage, 10 brass founding, 13 iron found- 
ing, 10 gunsmith, 12 machine, 10 pian<i-fort*', 17 printing 
and publishing, 24 sail-making, 21 ship-building, 13 ship- 
joiner, 16 ship-smith, 31 silver-smith, etc., 19 stove, 15 weav- 
ers, 21 wheelwright, and 10 whitesmith — the remainder va- 
rious, and of common interest. 

As a commercial city Baltimore ranks next to Now Or- 
leans among the southern ports. It has an immense inland 
trade, which will be greatly increased when the linos of 
communication are completed to a junction with those of 
Ohio and other western States. In 1S50, the principal re- 
ceipts from the interior for consumption and export, were : 
Cumberland coal, 146,645 tons, and anthracite, 160,fi00 tons ; 
wheat, 2,6il0,000 bushels (about 1,750,000 bushels taken by 
millers, and 85!),O0O bushels shipped) ; Indian corn, 3,000,000 
bushels ; oats, 450,000 bushels, and considerable lots of rye, 
barley, peas, and beans ; beef, pork, and bacon ; tobacco, 
41,^33 hhds. ; wool, 500,000 lbs., etc., etc. ; the inspections 
of fiour amounted to 896,592 barrels ; of corn meal, to 46,000 
barrels ; and of rye flour, to 5,441 barrels ; of leather, to 
413,974 sides. Flour and tobacco, however, arc the two 
great staples of Baltimore, and well has it been designated 
as "the greatest market for tobacco in the United States, 
and the principal flour market in the world." Its coastwise 
trade is also very extensive, and the shipping of BaltTmore 
is 4bund In every port from Passamaquoddy Bay to the 
Ilio Grande ; the lumber of Maine, and the cotton and sugar 
of the Gulf Stales are brought here in vast quantities, as are 
also the various manufactures and merchandises of the in- 
termediate Atlantic ports ; in 1S50, 25,000 bales cotton were 
landed from southern ports, and 63,000,000 feet of lumber 
from Bangor and other ports of Maine. The shipping 
owned in Uie collection district, of which Baltimore is the 
port, amounted on the 1st of June, 1S50, to 140,019 tons, of 
which was registered 90,670 tons ; enrolled and licensed 
57,612 tons, and licensed under 20 tons 737 tons ; and of the 
enrolled and licensed tonnage, 13,115 tons, navigated by 
steam-power. In 1549-50, 66 vessels, of an aggregate bur- 
den of 11,683 tons, were built in the port district. The Bal- 
timore clippers are pronounced to be the perfection of naval 
architecture; and they are no less fitted Ibr trade than for 
privateering, in which capacity they made a great figure in 
Uie last war with England. 

Boston, New York, and New OrU^ns arc the only sea- 
board ports of the I'nion, the ft>reign commerce of which 
exceeds th.at of Baltimore. In 1S49-50, the entrances 
amounted to 43S vessels and 99,583 tons, and the clear- 
ances to 521 vessels and 126,819 tons; and the value of mer- 
chandise imported was $6,121,201, and of that exported, 
$fi.9fJ7.353. The great bulk of the foreign commerce of 
Baltimore is carried on with the States of South America 



and the "West India colonies, and the continent <»f lliiiui.L'. 
With the British ports in Europe the couuection is very 
limited. 

There are 10 banks in Baltimore, with an aggregate 
cajiilal of $7,10l,i'51. The ciri-ulatiim in 1S50 amounted 
to $2,073,578, discounts to $li»,'.l25,106, and deposits to 
$3,64S,Hiy, and the amount of specie on hand to $2,113,758. 
There are also a number of insurance companies and sav- 
ings' institutions. 

The cily is bountifully 3upi)lied with pure and wholesome 
water from jmblic springs and fountains ; these are inclosed 
by circular railings, and covered by small, open templets, 
consisting of columns supporting a dome, which are highly 
ornamental. The city, however, derives its great supply 
from an elevated part of Jones' Falls, from which the wa 
ter is conducted through an aqueduct to a reservoir on Cal- 
vert-street, whence it is distributed in pii)es. 

The linos of travel diverging from Baltimore, aro; the 
Baltimore and riiiladolphia U. li., 97 m. long; the Balti- 
more and Susquehannah K. li., extending to llarrisburg, 
I'a. ; and the Baltimore and Ohio E. K., with a brancli II. K. 
to Washington ; and lines of steamships or sail-vessels ply 
to Philadelphia, Norfolk, and other Atlantic ports. These 
great routes of communication unite the cily willi every 
part of the Union, and insure a rapid arul certain transit to 
its ever-increasing trade. 

Baltimore was first laid out as a tnwn in 1T2'.I, and in 
1765 it contained only 50 houses. It was eh:irtcr.-d as a cily 
in 1T97. Since this period its increase has boon eonstaut, 
and its prosperity material. 

Baltimoue. p. v., Warren co„ Jnd.: on W. side of Wa- 
bash r., 72 m. W. N. W. Indianapolis. 

Balti.mork, hund., Sussex co., Del. : facing on the ocean. 
Area 52.210 acres, and pc pulation 2,301. 

Baltimoue. p. v.. Fairfield co., Ohio.: on botli sides of 
Miami Canal. 20 m. E. S. E. Columbus. Pop. 492. 

Baltimore, p. v., Barry co., Mich, : 32 m. W. by S. Lan- 
sing. 

Bancroft county, Ta. Situate N. W., and contains 432 
sq. m., tiiken from I'ottowotlomec in 1851. 

Bancuoft, p. v., Hampshire co., Mans.: 113 m. W 
Boston. 

Banqor, t., p. city, port of entry, and cap. Penobscot co., 
Me. : at the head of navigation on tlie Penobscot r., 30 m. 
N. by E. from Belfast Bay, and 60 from the sea. Lat. 44^ 
47' 50" N., and long. 68° 47' W. from Greenwich. Pop. 
14,432. Kenduskeag r. divides the city into two part.s, 
wliich are connected by bridges; a mile above the city it 
has a fall which alTords mill-power. The harbor is spa- 
eious, and at tide is deep enough for the largest vessels. 
The principal stai)lc of trade is timber. The Bangor Theo- 
logical Seminary, and other good schools, are located here ; 
and the periodical press consists of two daily papers, the 
" Mercury" and the "Whig and Courier," and four weekly 
papers, two of which are editions of the daily papers, and the 
others, the " Democrat" and the " Jeffersonian." Churches ot 
all denominations are numerous. There is a II. li. extending 
hence to Old Town, and another, the Kennebec and Pen- 
obscot II. K., will aftbrd, when finished, a direct R. R. com- 
nnuiication southward. Steamboats ply regularly to and 
from the river villages, and also to and from Boston and 
Portland. Bangor was incorporated as a town in 1791, and 
was chartered as a city in 1834. Just above the city, a 
bridge, 1,320 feet long, spans the Penobscot, connecting 
Bangor with Orrington. 

Bangor, t. and p. v., Franklin co., iV. T. : on n tributary 
of Salmon r . 152 ni. N. N. W. Albany. The Ndlhorn It. R. 
passes through it 63 m. W. Rouse's Point, and 5b E. Og>- 
densburg. Poji. 2,160, 

Bank Lick, p. o., Kenton co., A^/. : 62 m. N. Frank 
fort 

Bankstok, p. v., Choctaw co., Jftas.: S2 m. N. by E. 
Jackson. 

05 



BA\ 



BAR 



Banks\tlle, p. v., Fairfield co., Conn.: 5S m. S. "VV. 
Hartford. 

Eaxkton, p. v., Saline co., III. : between the middle and 
S. forks of Saline cr., 150 m. S. 3. E. SpriiipfieM. 

Baskee, p. o., Kane co., HI,: 159 m. N. N. E. Spring- 
field. 
Banitee, p. 0., Lafayette co., Miss. : 134 m. N. Jackson. 
Ban-xeiim:^vn, p. c, New Uanovcr co., K. Car. : 110 m. S. 
by E. Raleigh. 

Ba>-tasi, p. o., Clermont co., Ohio : 102 m. S. "W. Colum- 
bus. 

Bantam Falls, p. c, Litchfield co., Conn. : 86 m. W. 
Hartford. 
Baptist Mission, p. o., Cherokee Nation, Intl. Ter. 
Baptistown, p. v., Hunterdon co., -A'^ Jer: 29 m. W. N. 
W. Trenton. 

Baptist Valley, p. o., Tazewell co., Virff. : 348 m. W. 
by S. Kichmond. 

Baraboo, p. v., Sauk co., Tfisc. : on S. side Baraboo r., 
S3 m. N. by "W. Madison. 
Barber's, p. o., Columbia co., Fhr. 
Barber's Cornees, p. o., Will co., III. : 143 m. N. N. E. 
Springfield. 

Barber's Creee, p. c, Jackson co., 6^^. ; GO ni. N. Mil- 
ledgeville. 

Berber's Cross Eoads, p. o., Isle of Wight co., Virg. : 
C4 m. S. E. Richmond. 

Baebeesville. p. v., Jefferson co., hid. : 7C m. S. E. In- 
dianapolis. 

Barbope county, Ala, Situated S. E. on Chattahoochee 
r., and contains 980 sq. m. Drained by numerous creeks 
of Chattahoocliec r., the head waters of Choctawatchic r., 
and Pea r., which forms its W. border. Surface undulat- 
ing, and the soils generally fertile. Com and cotton are 
the staple products. Farms 1,325 ; mauuf. 39 ; dwell. 2,306, 
and pop.— wh. 12,842, fr. col. 10; si. 10,780— total 23,632. 
Capital: Clayton. 

Barboue county, Vlrg. Situate N. W., and contains 
3S0 sq. m. Dr.iined by the numerous creeks forming the 
E. fork of Monongahela r. Surface much diversified, some- 
what rough, and soils ricli, producing wheat, corn, oafs, and 
tobacco abundantly. Maple sugar is made largely. Farms 
1,0T5; dwell. 1,467, and pop.— wh. 8,671, fr. col. 221, si. 
113_total 9,005. CapU<il: Phillippa. 

Barbour, p. v., Choctaw co., Ala.: IIS m. W. Mont- 
gomery. 

Barbour's Mili5, p. o., Lycoming co., Penn. : 86 m. N. 
by W. Harrisburg. 

Baebourstille, p. v., and cap. Knox co., Ky. : on N. side 
Cumberland r., 112 m. S. E. by S. Frankfort. 

BABBotrRSTiLLK, p. V., CabcU CO., Vir(i. : on N. bank of 
Guyandotte r., 260 m. "W". by N. Richmond. 

Barboursvtlle, p. v., Orange co., Yirg. : G4 m. N. W. 
Richmond, near the line of the Central R. R. 

Bareoursville, p. v., Delaware co., K. K ; 96 m. "W. S. 
W. Albany. 

Barcelona, p. v., Chnutauque co., K. K .■ on Lake Erie, 
298 m. W. Albany, and on the Buflalo and State Lmo R.R. 
It is a port, and place of considerable business. 
Barclay, p. v., 'Whitesides co., lU. 
Bakclatsville, p. v., Cumberland co., N. Car. 
Bardstown, p. v., and cap. Nelson co., Ky. : on E. side 
of Beech fork of Salt r., 42 m. S. W. Frankfort. It is the 
site of St. Joseph's College, a Catholic institution. 
Bakesville, p. o., Monroe co., Ohio : 108 m. E. Columbus. 
Bap^eville, p. v., LanciLstcr co., Penn. 
Bap-gaintown, p. v., Atlantic co., X. Jer. : 56 m. S. by E. 
Trenton, 

Barges, p. o., Butler co., Ala. : on Pine Barren cr., 4S m. 
S. W. Montgomery. 

BARHAiisviLLE, p. T., Ncw Kent CO., Virg.: 40 m. E. 
Richmond, 
Bar Harbor, p. c, Hancock co., Me. : 93 m. W. Augusta. 
56 



B.tRiNG, t. and p. v., ■Washington co., Jfe. : on St. Croix 
r., 133 m. E. by X. Augu.sta. The Calais and Baring U. E., 
6 m. long, connects it with Calais. Pop. S30. 

Barker's SEiTLEiiiiNT, p. v., Barbour Co., Yii-g. : 172 m- 
N. W. Richmond. 

Barkersvillk, p. v., Saratoga CO., K. T, 

Baekersville, p. v., Mariou co., la. : SS m, W. by 3. 
Iowa City. 

BAEKUAiiSTEAD, t. and p. o., Litchfield co., Conn,: on a 
branch of Farniington r., 2-tm. N. W- Hartford. Pop. 1,525. 

Bark ErvKK, t. and p. o., Jeffferson co., Wise. : 31 m. E. 
Madison, 

Barksdale, p. o., Halifax co., Yirg.: on a cr. of Roan- 
oke r., 93 m. S. W. Richmond. 

Baelow, t. and p v., Washington co., Ohio: 7S m. E. 3. 
E. Columbus. Pop. 1,062. 

Eaenaed, t. and p. o., Windsor co.. Verm. : on tributaries 
of White and Queechee rivers, 33 m. S. Montpelier. P.l.M". 

Barnardsvili.e, p. v., Roane co., Teim. : on S. side of 
Tennessee r., 124 m. E. by S. Nashville. 

Barnborougu, p. v., Gloucc&ter co., K. Jer. 

Baknegat, v., Dutchess co., K. Y. : on E. side of Hudson 
r., 4 m. S. of Poughkeepsic, and 73 m. S. Albany. Noted 
for its lime. 

Barnegat, p. v.. Ocean co., N. Jer. : 56 ra. S. E. Trenton. 

Barnegat Bay asd Inlet, N. Jer, : a long, narrow Day, 
separated from the ocean by Island Beach and Squam 
Beach, and having its entrance southward by an inlet of the 
same name. It is 20 m. long, and from 1 to 4 m. wide, 
and receives several considerable creeks, of which Melede- 
cunk r., at its N. extremity, is the largest. 

Baeneeville, p. v., Schoharie co., 2^. F./SS m.W. byS. 
Albany. 

Barnes, p. o., Richland CO., Ohio.: S3 m. N. by E. Co- 
lumbus. 

Barnes' Corners, p. o., Lewis co., K. T. : 123 m. N. W. 
Albany. 

Barnes' Cross Roads, p. o.. Dale co., Ala. : 90 m. S. E. 
Montgomery. 

Barnesville, p. v.. Pike co., Ala, : 42 m. S. S. E. Montr 
gomery. 

Barnesvtlle, p. v., Montgomerj' co.. Ga. : 73 m. S. E. 
Millodgeville. 

Babnestille, p. v., Belmont co., Ohio: 96 m. E. by N. 
Columbus. 

Bakset, t. and p. t., Caledonia co.. Verm. : on W. side 
Connecticut r., 27 m. E. Montpelier. The Connecticut and 
Passumpsic Rivers R. R. passes through it, 51 m. N. of 
White River Junction, and 9 m. S. St. Johnsbury. P. 2,.^21, 

Baenets, p. o., Philips co., Arl: 

Earnhart's Island, A''. }' .' the most northerly of the 
S-t. Lawrence r. islands, belonging to (he TTnited Slates. 

Baeshart's Mills, p. o., Butler co., I'etm. ; 170 m. W. 
by N. Harrisburg. 

Barn Island (Great), J^. T. : lies in the East r. N. of 
Hell Gate, 147 m. S. by E. Albany, and is about 2 m. in cir- 
cuit. Little Barn Island lies to the N. E., and is separ- 
ated from the above by a narrow channel called Little Hell 
Gate, and at the confluence of Harlem r. with East r. 

Barnstable county, Mass. Situate S. E., and contains 
about 335 sq. m. This county includes the whole of Cape 
Cod, and is a sandy, unproductive region. Farms 7S9 ; 
manuf. 423; dwell. 6,532, and pop.— wh. 35,153, fr. eol. 12-3 
— toUii 35,276. A great portion of the male inhabitants de- 
rive their living from the fisheries or other maratirae em- 
ployments. Capital: Barnstable. 

Barnstable, t., p. v.. sea-port, and cap. Barnst.ible co., 
Mass. : on Barnstable Bay, 62 m. S. E. Boston. Tonnage 
of the port 91,103 tons, chiefly employed in the fisheries. 
The b.iy opens on Cape Cod Bay, and at its bar has from 6 
to 7 feet water. Pop. 4,903. 

Barnsteap, t. and p. v., Belknap co., 2^. Ilamp. : on 
Suncook r., 13 m. N. E. Concord. Pop. a,S4S. 



BAR 



BIS 



Bakswell disH-ict, S. Car. Silualo S. W., and coTilaina 
l,lGOsq. m., lying between the Savannah and Iho South 
Eilislo rivers. Drained by tlio Salliawatcliie, and the trib- 
utaries of tlie two first named rivers. Thero are several 
fiidphur springs in the district. Surface undulating and in- 
clining to the S. W. ; anrl llie soils fertile. Indian corn, 
rice, and cotton are the principal products. Farms 1,.WS; 
manuf. So; dwell. 2,460, and |)op.— wh. 12,2S9, fr. col. 311. 
si. 14,00S — total 26,003. Capital : Barnwell. PuhUc Works : 
South Carolina E. li. 

Eahnwell, p. v., and cap. CarnwcU dist., 5. Cat:: on 
Turkey cr., near Salkahatrhio r., 57 m. S. S. W. Columbia. 

Bakeacksville, p. v., Mariou co., Virg. 

Carri!, t. and p. v., Worcester co., J/i(,45. : on "Ware r., 
56 m. W. Boston. Two newspapers, the " Barre Patriot" 
and the " Barro Gazette," nro issued weekly. Pop. 2,9T6. 

Barre, t. and p. v., Washington CO., Vemn. : on (])nion 
r., 8 m. S. by E. Montiielier. The town furnishes fiiio 
building granite: the State llovisc at Monlpelier is con- 
structed of material furnished from its quarries. Pop. 1,S:;.';. 

Barre C£.ntke, p. o., Orleans CO., N. Y. : 226 m. W. Al- 
bany. 

Baere-v county, Ktj. Situate S. centrally, and contains 
646 sq. m. Drained by the head waters of Big Barren, 
an arm of Green r. Surface uneven, and sometimes roll- 
ing, and soils of average fertility, producing largely tobacco 
and the cereals. Farms 1,S1.3; mannf. 33; dwell. 2,607, 
and pop.— wh. 15,543, fr. col. 113, si. 4,6S4— total 20,240. 
Capital: Glasgow. I*ublic Works: Nafihville and Le.v- 
ington R. E. 

Bakrex. p. o., Harrison co., Ind. : 112 m. S. Indianapolis. 

Barren, p. o., "Williamson co., Teniu : 22 m. S. Nash\'ille. 

Barren Creek Springs, p. o., Somerset CO., Md, : on N. 
eide Barren cr. of the Nanticoke, 55 m. S. E. Annapolis. 

Barken Grote, p. o., Bureau CO., HI. : 54 m. N. Spring- 
field. 

Barren IIii-l, p. c, Montgomery co., Penn. : 92 m. E. 
by S. Ilarrisburg. 

Barren IIlll, p. 0., Henry co., Temi. : SS m. W. by N. 
Nashville. 

Baerfn Plain, p. o., Robertson co., Ttnii. : 20 m. N. 
Nashville. 

Barren Hidge, p. o., Tanzant co., Tej:. : 2S5 m. N. N. 
E. Austin City. 

Baeeen rivers, (Big and Little), K;/. : tributaries of 
Green r. 

Barreitsville, p. v., Lumpkin co., Ga. : 106 m. N. W. 
MilledgeviUe. 

Barreville, p. v., M'llenry co., HI. : on W. side Fox r., 
18S m. ST. E. Springfield. 

Baeeington, p. v., Cook co.. lU. : in N. W. part of co., 
1S2 m. N. E. Springfield. 

Bareington, t. and p. v., Strafford CO., JVI Uamp. : 28 
m. E. Concord. The " Devil's Den," a curious cave with 
several large chambers, exists under this town — one of the 
chambers is 60 feet long, 10 to 15 feet high, and 8 wide. It 
has also numerous small lakes, the outlets of which afford 
water power. Pop. 1,754. 

Barrington, t. and p. v., Tales co., N. T. : on E. side 
of Crooked Lake, 1T6 m. W. Albany. Pop. 1,.56G. 

Baerington, t. and p. v., Bristol co., R. I. : 8 m. E. S. E. 
Providence. Pop. 795.° 

Baee*s Stoee, p. o., Macoupin co., III.: 42 m. 8. W. 
Springfield. 

Barrt county, Mich. Situate W. centrally, and contains 
576 sq. m. Drained by Thorn Apple r., a tributary of Grand 
r., and in the S. by streams flowing to the Kalamazoo. 
Surface undulating, well timbered, and soils fertile. Farms 
733; manuf. 26; dwell. 1,037, and pop.— wh. 5,033, fr. col. 
89— total 6,072. Capital: Hastings. 

Baert county. Mo. Situate S. W. on the State line, and 
contains 650 sq. m. Drained E. by tributaries of White r. 
and W. by this head waters of Neosho r. of the Arkansas. 



Surface undulating; in the W. and middle hilly and hroUcn. 
Timber .abuudaiU. Farms 3S9 ; manuf. 2 ; dwell. 544, and 
pop.— wh. 3,31", fr. col. 0, Bl. 150— total 8,467. Capital: 
Cassvillo. 

Barry, t. and p. v., Schuylkill Co., Prttn. : on Deep er. 
of the Susquehanna, 44 m. N. E. Ilarrisburg. 

Baurv, p. v.. Pike CO., ///. ; TS m. W. Springfield. 

Barry, p. v., Lawrence CO., Ark. : 113 ni. N. N. E. Lit- 
tle Kock. 

Barry, p. v., Frederick CO., Md. : 62 m. W. N. W. An- 
napolis. 

IJarry, p. v., .Tackson co., Mich.: on Santlstonc cr., and 
on the line of tho Michigan Central H. K., 30 m. S. Lan- 
sing. 

Barry, p. v., Clay co., Mo. : 136 m. W. N. W. JelTerson 
City. 

Barry, p. v., Cuyahoga co., Ohio: 126 ra. N. N. E. Co- 
lumbus. 

Barey*s Bripoe, p. 0., Lunenburg Co., Virg. : CO m. S. 
W. Richmond. 

Barrvton, p. v., Choctaw co. (formerly cap. Wasliiuglon 
CO.), Ala. : on Oka Tappah cr. of Tombigbee r., IIS ni. W. 
S. W. Montgomery. 

Barrytown, p. v.. Duchess co., K. Y. : on E. side of 
Hudson r., 45 m. S. Alban.v. 

Bareytille, p. v., Sulli%an co., K. Y.: OS m. S. W. Al- 
bany. 

Baerytille, p. v.. Stark co., Ohio: 113 m. N. W. Co- 
lumbus. 

Bart, t. and p. o., Lancaster co., Penii ; at tho head of 
Octarara er., 4S m. E. Harrisburg. Pop. S,33S. 

Barter Brook, p. o., Augusta CO., Virg.: 93 m. W. 
Richmond. 

Bartdolouew county, Ind. Situate S., and contains 
405 sq. m. The priueipal streams are Driftwood r.. Flat 
Rock cr., and Clilly cr., which have extensive bott<)ms. 
Surface hilly and broken in the W., but elsewhere level or 
undulating. In the bottoms the soil is a rich alluvion mix- 
ed With disintegrated limestone and gravel; tho hilly parts 
have a clay soil. Every part of the county is well ailapled 
to .agriculture. Farms 1,249 ; manuf. 49 : dwell. 2,149, ami 
pop.— wh. 12.346, i"r. col. 82— total 12,428. Capital : Co- 
lumbus. Puhtio Worki: Madison and Indianapolis R. R., 
and tho Columbus and Jeffersonville R. E. 

Bartholomew, p. o., Drew CO., Ark.: on E. side Bayou 
Bartholomew, 104 m. S. E. Little Rock. 

Bartlett, t. and p. t., Coos CO., y. Ifamp. : on Raco r., 
at the foot of the White mts., 63 m. N. E. Concord. P. 761. 

Baetlett, p. v., Washington CO., Ohio : 76 m. S. E. Co- 
lumbus. 

Baeton, t. and p. v., Tioga CO., j^. T. : on the Sus/pie- 
hanua and Chemung rivers, 12S m. W. S. W. Albany. 

Baeton, t. and p. v., Orleans CO., Vorm,: on Barton r., 
86 m. N. E. Montpelior. Pop. 9ST. 

Baeton, p. v., Lowndes Co., Miss. : 123 m. N. E. Jack- 
son. 

Baeton, p. v., Washington co., Wise: 76 m. E. N. E. 
Madison. 

Barton Hill, p. o., Schoharie co., If. Y. : 88 m. W. Al- 
bany. 

Baeton'9 Ceeek, p. o., Dickson co., Tmn. : 42 m. W. 
Nashville. 

Baeton's Landino, p. o., Orleans CO.. Verm. 

Bartonsville, p. T., Monroo CO., Penn.: 112 m. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Bartonsville, p. v., Windham co., Voriii. : 92 nL S. 
Montpelier. 

Basan, p. o., Meigs co., Ohio: 84 m. S. E, Columbus. 
Basoouel, p. v., Jackson co., O'a. : 74 m. N. by W. Mil- 
ledgeviUe. 
Bascom, p. o., Seneca co., Ohio : 30 m. N. N.W. Columbus. 
Base Lake, p. o., Washtenaw co., Mich. : 46 m. S. E. 
Lansing. 



BAS 



BAT 



Basham's Gap, p. o., Morgan co., Ala.: US m. N. by 
W. Monlgomery. 

Basua-m's Mills, p. o., Johnson co., Ark.: &% m. "W. by 
N. LUlIc liock. 

Basiii, p. v., Clark co., Ala.: OS m. S. W. Montgom- 
ery. 

Basin Knoh, p. o., Johnson co., Mo.: 102 m. W. by N. 
Jefferson City. 

Baskknkiugf., p. v., Somerset co., N'. Jer.: 42 m. N. by 
E. Trenton, nH-niorablo for llie capture of Gen. Lcc by lUc 
Englisli in the Revolutionary War. 

Basnettville, p. v., Marion co., Vlrg, 

Bass Lake, p. o., D:u>c co., WUc. 

Ba83 lUvEB Hotel, p. o., Burlington co., N. Jer. : 57 m. 
6. E. Trenton. 

Basthop county, Tex. Situate S. W. on Colorado r., and 
contains about 1,400 sq. m. Drained by numerous creeks 
of the Colorado, which traverses the county from N. W. to 
S. E. Surface generally elevated and undulating— in the 
N. some low hills. The streams arc fringed witli heavy 
timber, between whith arc small and beautiful prairies. 
Soils a <leep black mold mixed with sand. Indigo and 
wild grapes grow sjjonlaneously, and the lands are highly 
favorable for cotton. Farms 219; manuf. 9; dwell. 377, and 
pop.— wh. 8,1S0, fr. col. 0, si. 919— total 4,099. Caxntal : 
Bastrop. 

Basteop, p. v., and cap. Morebanse par., Za. : on W. side 
of Bayou Bartholomew, 1G2 ra. N. by AV. Baton Itouge. 

Basteop, p. v., ami cap. Bastrojj co., Tiw. .* on N. side Bio 
Colorado, 2G m. E. S. E. Austin City. It is the centre of a 
rich agricultural country, and has great advantages as an 
interior commercial village. 

Batavia, p. v., Kane co., HI. : on the Aurora branch of 
the Galena and Chicago Union K. E., 86 m. W. Chieago, 
and 194 m. N. N. E. Springfield. 

Batavia, t, p. v., and cap. Genesee co., JV. T.: onTona- 
wanda or., 226 m. W. Albany. Several railroads terminate 
at and pass through the place ; and there are two newspa- 
pers, the " Bepublican Advocate" (whig), and the "Spirit 
of the Times" (dem.), issued weekly. It is a neat village, 
and has considerable trade. Fop. oft. 4 461, 

Batavia, L and p. v.. Branch co., Mic/t. : on Southern 
Michigan E. E,, 60 m. S. Lansing. Pop. 724. 

Batavia, p. v., and cap. Clermont co., 0/tio: on llie N. 
bank of the E. fork of Little Miami r., SS m. S. W. Colum- 
bus. The *' Clermont Sun" (dem.), and the " Clermont 
Courier" (whig), are published -weekly. The village has 
Bome maiuifactures. 

Batavia Kill, p. c, Delaware co., ^ K ; 77 m. S. "W. 
Albany. 

Bateman's Stoee, p. o., Houston co., Ga. : 42 m. S. S. 
W. Millcdgeville. 

Batj^s county, J/b. Situate S. "W. on State line, and con- 
tains 7S0 sq. m. Drained by tributaries of Osage r. Sur- 
face undulating — principally prairie, and soils very fertile. 
Timber plentiful on the rivers. Farms 472 ; dwell. 626, and 
pop.— wh. 3,520, fr. col. 8, 8l. 140— total 3,663. Capital: 
Batesville. 

BATESvnxi;, p. v., and cap. Independence co.. Ark. : on 
left bank of White r., 7S m. N. N. E. Little Eoek. 

Batesville, p. v., Habersham co., Ga. : 183 m. N. by W. 
Milledgeville. 

Batesville, p. v., Guernsey co., Ohio: 92 m. E. Colum- 
btis. 

Batesville. p. v., and cap. Bates co. (Jbmi^rli/ Harmo- 
ny Mission), Mo.: on N. bank of Osage r., 126 m. "W. Jef- 
ferson City. 

Bath connty, Ky. Situate N. E., and contains 260 sq. 
m. Drained by Slate and other creeks, tributaries of Lick- 
ing r., whirh forms its E. Border. Surface occasionally 
hilly with much level or rolling lands; and the soils very 
fertile. The chief products consist of the cereals and to- 
bacco. Farms 1,01S; manuf. 23; dwell. 1,595, and pop.— 
63 



wh. 9,477, fr. col. 103, al. 2,535— total 12,114. Capital. 
Owingsvillo, 

Batu county, Tlrff. Situate centrally among the Alle- 
ghanies, and contains 756 sq. m. Watered by the head 
streams of James r., flowiug E., and of Greenbrier, flowing 
W. to the Ohio. It is an elevated hilly country, and eon- 
tains a number of medicinal springs. Soils very fertile in 
the valleys, producing grain, and feeding thousands of cat- 
tle and sheep. Farms 261; manuf. 17; dwell. 410. and 
pop.- wh. 2,436, fr. cul. 43, si. 947— total 3,426. Capital: 
Bath C. H. 

Bath, p. v., Franklin co., Ind.: (s^eMiSERviLLE). 

Bath, p. v., ami cap. Mason co., JU.: ou the E. bank of 
Illinois r., 3S m. N. W. Springfield. 

Bath, t., p. c, and sea-port, Lincoln CO., 3fe. • on "W. 
bank of Keimebec r., 12 m. from the ocean, and 2S S. Au- 
gusta. It is one of the principal commercial towns of the 
State, and is largely engaged in ship-building. Tonnage, 
103,626 tons, of which 76.606 tons arc employed in foreign 
commerce, A branch of Ihe Kennebec and Portland E. E., 
9 m. long, conuecis the place with the general railroiul sys- 
tem of the U. S. Six newspapers are published here— tlie 
"Norlhern Tribune" (whig), tri-weekly and weekly; the 
"Eastern Times" (dem.) ; the "Weekly Mirror" (neutral), 
and the "Sagadahock Keview" (neqlral), weekly; and the 
"Journal of Education," semi-monthly. Pop. 8,020. 

Bath, p. v., Beaufort co., iV. Car.: on a cr. of Famlico 
Sound, 12S m. E. Ealeigh. 

Bath, t. and p. o., Grafton co., 2^. JIamp.: on Ammo- 
noosuc r., at its confluence with Connecticut r., 69 m. N. N. 
E. Concord. At the v. the Ammonoosuc is crossed by a 
bridge 350 feet long. Pop. oft. 1,514. 

Batu, t.. ]>. v., and cap. Steuben co., N, Y. : on the Con- 
hocton r.. 173 m. W. S. W.Albany. The "Steuben Cou- 
rier" (whig), the " Farmer's Advocate," and " Steuben 
Democrat" (dem.), are published weekly. The village is 
an important station on the Eufl;ilo, Corning, and Kew 
York City E. E., and has a large number of flourishing 
flour and saw mills. Pop. oft. 6,1 S5. 

Batu, t. and p. v.. Summit co., Ohio: on a cr. of Cuya- 
hoga r.,10S m. N. E. Columbus. Pop. 1,400. 

iiATU, p. v., Northampton co,, Penn. : 90 m. E. N. E. 
Ilarrisburg, 

Batu, p. v., and cap. Bath co., Yirg. : 132 m. W. N. W. 
Eichmond. The village is noted for its medicinal springs: 
tJie Warm Spring at this place has a temperature of 960 
Fahr.y and about 6 m. S. W. are hot springs, the tempera- 
ture being 112°; these are much visited by invalids. 

Bath Alum, p. v., Bath co., Yirg. 

Batu Spuing, p. o., Decatur co., Tenn. 

Baton Eouge, East, parish. La. Situate on the E. bank 
of Mississippi r., and contains 2SS sq. m. The lands are 
well drained by numerous streams, tributaries of Amilie r., 
which borders it E. Surface slightly elevated above flood 
mark. Soils productive of com, cotton, and sugar. Farms 
2S7, dwell. 1,044, and pop.— wh. 5,347, fr. col. 279, si. 6,%1 
—total 11,977. Capital: Baton Eouge. 

Baton Eocc.e, West, parish. La. Situate W. side of 
Mississippi, and contains 576 sq. m. Drained by creeks 
and bayoux falling into Bayon Atchafalaya, which bonlers 
it S. and W. Surface low, level, and subject to inundation, 
except along the streams where the land is slightly ele- 
vated. Cotton is the principal productitui. Farms 1-8; 
dwell. 392, and pop.— wh. 1,818, fr. col. H.)2, si. 4,350— total 
6,270. Capital: West Baton Eouge. 

Baton Eouge, p. v., ami cap. East Baton Eouge par.. 
La., and cap. of the Stale of Louisiana: on K. bank of Mis- 
sissippi r., 245 m. from its mouth, and l,12i) S. W. Washing- 
ton. It is the site of an V. S. barracks, an.l contains the St«tc 
House, the Louisiana Penitentiar\-, county offices, and other 
handsome pnhlic and private dwellings. It is mostly built 
upon an elevated plain, some 25 or 30 feet aboAe (he river, 
the business portion being at the foot of the blufl". The 



BAT 



BEA 



"Baton Kouge Gazette," and ''Democratic Advocate,'' art- 
publisho.l weekly. Pop. 4,262, 

Baton Kouge, C. H., p. v., and cap. West Baton Rouge, 
Im. : on tlie W. side of tlie Mississippi r., immediately oppo- 
site Baton liougc. 

Baton Kocge, p. V., Cheater dist,, S. Car. : 62 m. N. Co- 
lumliia. 

BATTAnATCTTTE Hver, Ahi. and Jfi-w. ; a trihut,iry of Toni- 
bigbce r. — it rrees in Alabama, and after a course of 70 m. 
disembogues in Monroe oo., Jfim. 

Batten Kill, a tributary of the TTudson r. from Vermont. 
It has a course of about 50 m., in which 11 fumisIu'S many 
excellent mill sites, and falls into the Hudson below Fort 
Miller Bridc:e. 

Battenville, p. v., Washington CO., N'. K ; 33 m. N. E. 
Albany. 

Battlebobough, p. v., Edgecomb co., K. Car. : 46 m. E. 
by N. llaleigh. 

Battle Creek, p. v., Calhoun co., JfSch. : at the junction 
of Battle er. and Kalamazoo r., 42 m. S. W. Lansing. The 
Michigan Central K. K. intersects the v. 120 m. "W. Detroit. 
Battle Creek, p. o., Marion eo., Ttvw. 
Eattlk Cbeek, JficTi, : the largest branch of Kalaraazno 
r. It is about 40 m. long, and furnishes many good mill 
sites. 

Battlefield, p. o., Lauderdale co., Mis$. : 83 m. E. 
Jacksitn. 

Battle Grocnd, p. o., Tippecanoe eo., /«<?. ; on the "W. 
side Tippecanoe r., 66 m. N. W. Indianaj)oli3, Famous as 
the scene of General Harrison's victory over the Indians. 

Baumstown, p. v., Berks co.,Tenn. : 52 m. E. by N. Har- 
risburg. 

Bavington, p. 0., "Washington co., Peiin, : 192 m. W. 
Ilarrisburg. 
Baxter's, p. c, Muskingum co.. Ohio : 50 m.W. Columbus. 
Bay, p. o.. Pope co., III.: on Big Bay cr., 1^3 m. S. S. E. 
Bpringfii,-ld, 

Bay Hundbed, p. o., Talbot co., Md. : on E. side of East- 
ern Bay of the Chesapeake, 23 m. S. E. Annapolis. 

Bay Mount, p. o., Greene co., Teun. : 1:32 m, E. Nash- 
ville. 

Batou CmcoT, p. T., St. Landrj- par., La. : 66 m. W. N. 
W. Baton Bouge. 

Bayou Gocla, p. v., IbcrviUe par.. La. : 22 m. W. by S. 
Baton Ilouge. 

Bayou Pierre, p. c, Caddo par., La. : 172 m. N. W. Ba- 
ton Rouge. 

Bayou Ramois, p. c, St. Marj's par.. La, : 53 m. 3. W. 
Baton Rouge. 

Bayou Rocge, p. o., Avoyelles par.. La. : 53 m. N. W, 
Baton Rouge. . 

Bay's Bottom, p. o., Gallia co., Ohio: 9S m. S. E. Co- 
lumbus. Pop. 1.302. 

Bazett, p. o., Navarre co., 7>j*. ; on Iho W. side of Trin- 
ity r., 210 m. N. N. E. Austin City. 

Bazetta, t. and p. v., Trumbull CO., Ohio: 145 m. N. E. 
Columbus. 

Beach Beanch, p. o., Beaufort dist., ^.S". Car. : 112 m. S. 
Columbia. 

Beach Gbote, p. o., Lucerne co., Penn. : 102 m. N. E. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Beacu Haten, p. v^ Lucerne co., Peiiii. : 93 m. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 
Beach Hill, p. 3^ Ulster co., N. Y. : 72 m. S. Albany. "■ 
Beach Land, p. o., Ciiattooga co., Ga.: 1C2 m. N. W. 
Milledgcville. 

JiEALE'8 Mills, p. c, Juniata co., Penn. : 34 m. W. Har- 
risburg. 

Beallrville, p. v., Washington co., Penn. : 203 m. W. by 
B. Ilarrisburg, 

Beali^ville, p. T., Monroe co., Ohio: 104 m. E. Co- 
Jumbua. 
BEAM9\^LLE, p. V., Dajkc CO., Ofiiu: 92 m. W. Columbus. 



Bi:an Blossum, p. o., Brawn co., Ind. : on a cr. so called, 
38 m. S. Indianapolis, 

Bean's Station, p. c, Grainger co., Tenn. : ISS m. E. l)y 
N. Nashville. 

Beantown, p. v., Charles co., Md.: 33 m. S. W. Anna- 
polis. 

Bear Branch, p. o., Duplin eo., Al Car. : 52 m. S. S. K. 
Rak-igh. 

Bear Bkanch, p. c, Ohio co., Ind. : S6 m. S. E. Indian- 
apoHs. 

Bear Creek, p. o., Jay co., Iiul. : on a cr. so called, a 
tributary of Wabash r., 62 ra. E. N. E. Indianapolis. 

Beak Ceeek, p. o., Montgomery co., III. : 46 m. S. Spring- 
field. 

Beae Creek, p. o., Cedar co., Mo.: on a cr. so called, a 
tributary of Sac r. of tho Ossage, 60 m. S. W. JclTerson 
City. 

Bear Ceeek, p. o., Poweshiek co., la. : 40 m. W. Iowa 
City. 

Bear Creek, p. o., Lucerne co., Penn. : 36 m. N. E. Har- 
risburg. 

Bear Creek, p, o., Montgomer>* co., Ohio.: 82 m. W. 
Columbus. 

Bear Creek, p. o., Sauk co., Wise. : 43 m. W. by N. Ma- 
dison. 

Bear Creek, p. o., Pickens co., Aht.: 124 m. N. W. 
Montgomery. 
Bear Creek, p. o.,S.Tbineco., Tea?.: 246m. E. Austin City. 
Beard's Bluff, p. o., MarslKiU co., Ala.: 132 m. N. 
Montgomery. 

Beardsto\vn, p. T., and cap. Cass co., lU.: on E. side of 
the Illinois r., 4S m. W. by N. Springfield. 

Beaedstown, p. v., Perry co., Tenn. : 78 m. S. W. Nasb- 
Tille. 

Bear Gap, p. o., Northumberland co., Pemi.: 72 m. N. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Beabmont, p. o., Schuylkill co., Penn. : 52 m. E. N. E. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Bear Range, p. o., Autauga co., Ahi.: 23 m. N. W. 
Montgomery. 
Bearsville, p. v., Ulster co., A'". Y. : GO la. S. S. E. Albany, 
Beaetown, p. v., Lancaster co., Ptvm, : 48 ra, S. E. Har- 
risburg. 

Bbar Wallow, p. c, Barren co., Ay. .- 108 m. S. by W. 
Frankfort. 
Beaseley, p. o., Jefferson eo., Fhr. 
Bbatie's Bluef, p. o., Madison co., Miss. : 32 m. N, by 
E. Jackson. 

Beattie's Ford, p. o., Lincoln co., H. Car: : 142 m. W. 
by S. Raleigh. 

Beatty's Beidge, p. 0., Bhklen CO., Al Cur. : S4 m. S. 
Ealcigh. 
Braty's Mili-S p. o., Marion co., Virff. 
Beatvstown, p. v., Warren co.. A'. Jer.: on Muscone- 
teong er., at thu W. b:;se of Schooley'a mt., 52 m. N, Tren- 
ton. 

Beaufort county, A': Car. Situate E. on Pamlico and 
Pungo rivers, and contains 670 gq. m. Surface flat, and 
subjei'i to inundation. Cotton and rice the sJajdcs. Farms 
594; nianuf. 73; dwell. 1,663, and pop.— wh. 7,063, fr. col. 
9W, si. 5,249— total 13,816. Capital: Washington. 

Beaufort district, S. Car. Situate in S. W. comer of 
the Sliite. and contains 1.120 sq. m. Facing S. E. nn the 
Atlantic, and lying between the Savannah and Canihahee 
rivers, and drained by tht-ir tributaries and the Ooosawat- 
chie r. The coast is lined with a uumln r of islands, the 
largest of which ar^ Hillou IL-ad, St. Ik-lena. and Port 
Royal, which form a number of canals and inlets. Surfaee 
low and marshy, and soil generally sanily. The chief pro- 
duets aro Indian corn, rice, and cotton. Farms 842 ; manuf. 
18: -dwell, 1,385, and pop.— wh. .'j,94,'i. fr. col. 581, si, 32,279 
— toUti ;J8.S05. Capitul: Coosawalchie. 
Beaufort, p, r., eea-port. and cap. Cartaret co., A^. Car.: 

59 



BEA 



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126 m, E. S. E. linJcigh. The harbor is spacious atid safe, 
and admits vessels drawing 14 feet water, culrance being 
had by Old Topsail Iiilet, 11 m. N. W. Cape Lcwkout. The 
port has a good coninierce, and the shipping belonging to 
the district in 1S50 was 3,250 tons, chiefly coasters. On 
Boguo Point, at the entrance of the harbor, stands .Fort 
Macon. 

Bkaufokt, p. v., Franklin co., Mo. : 53 m. E. Jefferson 
Citj". 

Beaitort, p. v., sea-port, and cap. Beaufort dist,, S. Car, : 
on the W. side of Port Koyal r., an inlet of the Atlantic, 10 
m. from the sea and 156 9. Columbia. The harbor is good, 
but on account of a bar at the mouth, vessels of more 
than 11 feet draft are prevented entrance. It has little or 
no commts-ee, and the site is unhealthy. 

EEAUTiioNT, p. o., Lucerne co., Penn*: T2 m. N. E. Uar- 
risbuFig. 

BEAtJMONT, p. v., and cap. Jefferson co., Tkc. ; on the W. 
bank of Nechcs r., 28 m. above its entrance into tiabine 
Bay, and 2'i4 m. E. by S. Austin City. 

Beaver county, Penn, Situate W., and contains SS-2 sq. 
m. Drained by Beaver r. and the Ohio, which flows Ihrmigh 
it. Surface uneven, sometimes hilly, but soils fertile. Coal 
andiron are abundant. Farms 1,841; manuf. 1S6; dwell. 
4,564, and pop.— wh. 26,444, fr. col. 245— total 26,6S9. Cap- 
iUil: Beaver. Public Works: Cleveland and Pittsburg 
li. R., Ohio and Pennsylvania E. E., Beaver and Erie 
Camil, etc. 

BEAVEtt, t. and p. v., Pike co., Ohio: on the line of the 
Cincinnati, Hillsboru', and l^arkersburg K. 1^.. 62 m. S. by 
E. Columbus. Pop. 520. 

Beavek, p. v., Anderson co., Tex.: 216 m. N. E. Austin 
City. 

Beaver, p. v., and cap. Beaver co., Penn. : at the con- 
fluence of Big Beaver r. with the Ohio r., 30 m., by the 
river course, below Pittsburg, and 1S7 in. W. Ilarrisburg. 
Two newspapers, the "B. Argus," and the " Western Star" 
(whig), are issued weekly. Pop. 2,550. 

Beaveb, p. v., Boone co., III. : on a cr. of Eock r., 164 
m. N. by E. Springfield. 

Beaver Beook, p. c, Sullivan co., K. Y. : 121 m. S. S. 
W. Albany. 

Beaver Creek, p. v., Bond co., PL : on Beaver cr. of 
Kaskaskia r., 72 m. S. by E. Springfield. 

Beaver Ceeee, p. o,, Pulaski co., IniJ. : on a cr. of Tip- 
pecanoe r., SI m. N. N. W. Indianapolis. 

Beavee Creek, p. o., Washington co., Md. : on a cr. of 
Autietam r., 74 m. N. W. Annapolis. 

Beater Creek, p. o., Campbell co., VJrff. : 9S m. W. by 
S. Pichraond. 

Beaver Dam, p. c, Kosciusko co., In<7. : 105 m. N. In- 
dianapolis. 

Beavek Bam, p. c, TTnion co., 2^. Oar. : 116 m. S. W. 
Ealeigh- 

Beaver Dam, p. o., Goochland co., Virg.: 21 m. W. 
Kichmond. 

Beater Bam, p. o., Dodge co.. Wise. : 51 m. N. E. Mad- 
ison. 

Beaver Dam, p. o., Allen co., Oliio: S9 m. N. W. Co- 
lumbus. 

Beateh Bam, p. c, Clark co., Miss. : 98 m. E. by S. 
Jackson. 

Beaver Dam Di!p6t, p. o., Hanover co., Virff. : on the 
lino of the Virginia Central E. K., 40 m. (28 m. durect) N. 
W. Kichraond. 

Beater Dam Forks, p. c, Tipton co., Tenn. : 15S m. 
W. S. W. Nashville. 

Beaver Bam Sprinqb, p. 0., Hickman co., Tmn. : 42 m. 
e. W. Na3h\-ille. 

Beaver Bams, p. o., Chemung co., y. Y. : 162 m. W. S. 
"W. Albany. 

Beater I8LANI>, p. o., Michilimackinac en., 3fii'?i. : 212 
m. N. N. W. Lansing. The Beavers arc a cluster of islands 
60 



at the enlrnnif of Lake Michigan. The largest, Big Beaver, 
contains about 25,000 acres, and is now in possesaion of a 
band of Mormons, under the direction of Strang, one of 
the most eminent advocates of the church. 

Beater Kn,L, p. o., Sullivan co., A'. Y. : on a cr. of same 
nanie, tributary to the Papacton Branch of Delaware r.. 74 
m. 8. S. W. Albany. 

Beatek Meadow, p. o., Chenango co., JT. Y. : 101 m. 
W. Albany. 

Beaver Meadows, p. o., Carbon co., P6nn. : in the an- 
thracite coal region of the Lehigh r., 73 m. N. E. Harris- 
burg. Pop. 525. 

Beatee Ponds, p. 0., Montgomery co., JTy. ; 00 m. E. by 
S. Frankfort. 

Beater ErocE, p. c, Knox co., TWwi. ; 153 m. E. by S. 
Nashville. 

Beater Eutn, p. o., Union co.. Ark. : 109 m. 8. Little 
Eock. 

Beaver Springs, p. o., Union co., Perm. : 53 m. N. W. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Bravep.town, p. v., Union co., P^in.: ."59 m. N. "W. 
Harrisburg, 

Beaver Valley, p. o., Columbia co., Perm. : 57 m. N. 
E. Harrisburg. 

Becket, t. and p. v., Berkshire co., Mass. : on the Green 
mountain range, 104 m. W. Boston. Pop. 1,22-3. 

Becket'8 Stoile, p. 0-, Pickaway co., Ohio: 25 m. S. Co- 
lumbus. 

Becketstixle, p. T., Tallapoosa co., Ala. : 32 m. N. E. 
Montgomerj'. 

Beckuamsville, p. v., Chester dist., S. Car. : on the "W. 
side of Wateree r., 44 m. N. Columbia. 

Beckley, p. o., Kaleigh co., Yirg.: 267 m. W. Eich- 
mond. 

Becktille, p. T., Carroll co., Miss. : 74 m. N. Jackson. 

Bedford county, Pemi. Situate S. middle, and con- 
tains 9S2 sq. m. Drained by the head waters of Eaystown 
Branch of Juniata r., and several tributaries of the N. branch 
of Potomac r. Surface uiountaino*is, with extensive and 
fertile valleys. Iron and bituminous coal abound. Farms 
1,S75; manuf. 117; dwell. 3,S96, and pop.— wh. 22,637, IJr. 
col. 415— total 23,052. Capital: Bedford. 

Bedford county, Tenn. Situate centrally, and contains 
6S0 sq. m. Drained by Duck r. of the Tennessee and its 
tributary creeks. Surface finely variegated with bill and 
dale, with abundance of timber, and the soils generally fer- 
tile. Farms 9S6; manuf. 2S; dwell. 2,75J, and pop.— wh. 
15,93S, fr. col. 71, si. 5,50;3— total 21,51*2. Capit<il : Shelby, 
ville. Puhlic Works: Nashville and Chattanooga E. E., 
and branch to Shelbyville. 

Bedford county, Virff. Situate at the E. base of the 
Blue Eidge, between James and Staunton rivers, the in- 
terior being drained principally by creeks fulling into the 
latter. It contains about COO sq. m. Surf;iee generally 
hilly, sometimes mountainous, and soils very fertile, pro- 
ducing Indian com, oats, tobacco, etc., abundantly, The 
" Peaks of Otter" overlook it from the west. Farms 1,364 ; 
manuf. 16 ; dwell. 2,396, and pop.— wh. 15,556, fr. col. 463, 
si. 10,061— total 26,080. Capital : JAhQTly. Public Works: 
Virginia and E. Tennes.see R. E. 

Bedford, p. v., and cap. Lawrence co., /«/?. .- between 
the E. fork of White r. and Salt r., 3 m. from the junction, 
and 64 m. S. S. W. Indianapolis E. E. ; is a place of somo 
importance. The New Albany and Salem E. E. passses 
through it N. and S., and the Cincinnati and St Louis E. R. 
E. and W. A branch of the State bajdc is Ic/'ated here. 

BEDropj>, p. v., and cap. Trimble co., A'y. : 38 m. N. W. 
Frankfort. A mile from the v. is an Epsom salts spring 
surcharged with sulphur, and near it accoramodalious aro 
provided for invalid visitors. 

Bedford, t. and p. v., Calhoun co., 3nc?i. : on Kalamazoo 
r.. 46 m. S. W. Lansing. The Michigan Central E. E. pass- 
es through the S. part of the t, 124 m. W. Detroit. P. 74T. 



BED 



BEL 



BEiiFor.D, t, auU p. v., Middlfsex co., MoiS.: on Shaw- 
8bccn r., 15 m. N. W. Boston. I'op. 975, 

BliUFOiU), t, and p. v., HUlsburough co., JV. Jhimp. : on 
Merrimac r., IS m. S. Concord. Tho t. has good walcr- 
powcr and furnishes various minerals. Top. 1,01(0. 

Beufobd, p. T., and cap. Westchesler CO., M. i'. : H» m. 
B. Alljany. Pop. :)M9. 

EKi>FoRn, u and p. v., Cujr.ihofra co., Ohio: ou Tinker's 
cr., 12S m. M. E. Columbus. Pep. 1,85-1, 

Bedford, t., p. t., and cap. Bedford co., Pmin. : on Roys- 
town branch of .Juniata r., 'M m. W. by S. IlaiTisburg. It 
is pleasantly situate in the midst of a mountain valley, and 
is celebrated for its mineral springs. Three newspiipers, 
the " B. Gazette" (dcm.), the " Jackson Democrat," and the 
" Democratic Inquirer" (whig), are published weekly. The 
accammodalicins for visitors are ample and superior. 

Bedfoed STiTiorr, p. o., TVestebester Co., Jf. Y. : on the 
line of the Harlem R. E., 42 m. N. New York City. 

Bedi, p. o., Grimes Co., Tw. .• 132 m. E. Austin City. 

Bee Branch, p. o., Teltis co., Mo. : CO m. W. by N. Jef- 
ferson City. 

Beech Bluit, p. o., Dallas CO., Arir. : 04 m. S. E. Little 
P.ock. 

BF.ECn Cbeek, p. o., Clinton CO., Pwm. ; 92 m. N. N. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Beech Fork, p. o., "Washington co.. Kg. ; on a creek of 
Salt r. so caUed, 45 m. S. W. Frankfort. 

EEEcn GiioVB, p. 0., Rush co., J:ul. : 42 m. E. S. E. In- 
dianapolis. 

Beech GnoTE, p. o., Philips CO., Arl:: 89 ra. E. byS. 
Little Rock. 

Beeoh Gbote, p. 0., Coffee Co., Tenn. : 43 m. S. E. Nash- 
Tillc. 

Beech Islasd, p. o, Edgefield dist., S. Car.: &S m. W. 
Columbia. 

Beech Lmid, p. o., Licking CO., Ohio: 32 m. E. N. E. 
Columbus. 

Beech Land, p. c, Union co.. Ark. : 112 m. 8. S. E. Lit- 
tle Rock. 

Beech Woods, p. o., 'Warren CO., Peiin.: 184 m. N. "W. 
Harrisburg. 

Beecuv Mibe, p. 0., Union CO., Im!. : 70 m. E. by S. In- 
dianapolis. 

Beehive, p. o., Clinton co., Jifo. : on Smith's fork of Little 
Platte r., 138 m. I?. W. .Jefferson City. 

Beekman, t. and p. v.. Duchess CO., K T. ; on FishkiU r., 
a triliulary of Hudson r., 8T m. S. Albany. Pop. 1,585. 

Beekmas's MiLis, p. o., Somerset co., 21. Jcr. : 22 m. N. 
by E. Trenton. 

Beek.mantow-:^, t. and p. o., Clinton co., N. Y. : on Lake 
Champlain, 140 m. N. Albany. In the "W. part of the town 
are the lakes Chazy and Cliateaugua, the sources of the r. 
of the same name. Pop, 3,384, 

Beeler'8 i^TATio.t, p. o., Marshall co., Tirg. : 240 m. N. 
W. Richmond. 

Bee Line, p. o., Allegan Co., Mich. : 60 m. W. Lansing. 

Beemeeville, p. T., Sussex Co., JV". Jer, : 7-3 m. N. Tren- 
ton. 

Bee Ridge, p. o,, Knox co., Mb.: 112 m. N. JetTerson 
City. 

Beeslet's PorsT, p. o., Cape May co., 27. ,/er. : 93 m. S. 
Trenton. 

Beetow!?, p. T., Grant oo.. Wise: CO m. W. by S. Mad- 
ison. 

Beetei^ p. 0., Kershaw dist., S. CUr. : 3S m. PT. E. Co- 
lumbia. 

Begley's, p. 0., Perry co., A'y. .■ 132 m. 6. E. Frankfort. 

Belair, p. 0., Richmond CO., Gt:.: on the line of the 
Georgia R. E., 11 m. W. Augusta, and 6S m. E. N. E. Mil- 
Icdgeville. 

Bel- Air, p. v., and cap. Harford Co., M'J. : between 
"Winter's and Bynham's Runs, S9 m. N. Annapolis. A 
newspaper, the " Gazelle," is issued weekly. The country 



in the vicinity comprises one of the finest agricultural dis- 
tricts of the Stale. 

llELAlB, p. o., Lancaster dist., S. Car. : OS m. N. by E. Civ- 
lunibia. 

Belcheb, p. o., "Wasbington co., jV". Y. : 42 m. K. by E. 
Albany. 

Bclchuktowk, I. and p. v., Hampshiro oo., i/lMs. ; 03 in. 
W. by S. Boston. 

Belkfj*, p. v., M'Uenry oo., Rl. : 1!9 m. N. E. Spring- 
fleld. 

Belew's Ckeek, p. o., Btokos co., M Car. : 108 m. W. N. 
W. Raleigh. 

Belfast, t., p. c. seaport, and cap. Waldo oo., Mf. : at 
the head of Belfast Bay, on the W. side of PcnobBcol r., 311 
m. from the ocean, and 37 m. E. Augusta. The harbor is 
spacious, and sufficiently deep for the largest vessels. The 
principal e-xports are lumber and fish. Sbip-building is e.v- 
tensively engaged in : in 1850, 83 vessels, and 0.215 tons, 
were built. The shipping belonging to the district amounts 
to 45,595 Um%, chiefly employed in the coasting trade, and 
the cod and mackerel fisheries. There are two newspapers 
published here, the "State Signal,'' and the "Reputilican 
Journal," botli democratic, and issued weelcly. It has reg- 
ular communication by steamboat with the porta north and 
south. Pop. 5,u<>2. 

Belfast, t. and p. v., Alleghany co., K Y. : on Genesee 
r., 233 m. W. by S. Alljany. The Genesee Valley Canal 
here leaves the river, and passes S. W. up tlie valley of 
Black cr. 

Belfast, p. v., Clermont co., Ohio : 93 m. S. W. Colum- 
bus. 

Belfast, p. v., Northampton CO., Penn.: 80 m. E. by N. 
H.arrisburg. 

Belfast, p. o., Marshall Co., Tcnn. : 50 m. S. Na,-<hville. 

Eelfof.d, p. o., Nash CO., A'". Car. : on Swift cr., 40 m. E. 
by N. Raleigh. 

Belgeade, t. and p. v., Kennebec co., 3fe. : 10 nL N. .\u- 
gusta. The town is almost surrounded by beautiful lakes, 
the outlets of which, in their course to the Kennebec, fnr- 
nisli extensive mill-power. Tho Androscoggin and Ken- 
nebec E. R. traverses the eastern edge of the town ; 67 m. 
N. E. Portland, and 15 S. W. WatcrvUle. 

Belgraiir Mills, p. v., Kennebec co., 3fe. : at tlie outlet 
of one of the lakes on the edge of Ihe town of Belgrade 10 
m. N. Augusta. 

BiiLKSAP county, 2f. Blimp. .Situate N. E., and contains 
4-34 sq. m. Drained by Suncook and Winnipiseogee rivers, 
Ihe Merrimac, and several creeks of Winnipiseogee Lal<e 
and Great Bay. Surface various, and soils moderately fer- 
tile. Farms 2,438; manuf. 103; dwell. 3,4;)0, and po|i.— 
wh. 17,093, fr. col. 2S- total 17,721. fi(j//«a/.' Gilford. PiA- 
lia Work\i: Boston, Concord, and Montreal K. E., an<l 
Cocheco Valley E. R. 

Bell county, Tm. Situate centrally on Little r., of the 
Brazos, and contains about 9"0 sq. m. Surface well drain- 
ed, and soils fertile. Erected since 1850. 

Bell, p. v.. Highland Co., Oltio : 69 m. 8. W. Cohlmbus. 

Bell, p. v., and cap. Bell Co., Tm\: on Little r. of the 
Rio Brazos, 64 m. N. N. E. Austin City. 

Bell Air, p. T., Crawford co., ///. ; on N. fork of Ein- 
barras r., 104 m. E. S. E. Springfield. 

Bell Aib, p. o., Cooper CO., Mo. : S4 m. W. by N. Jeffer- 
son City. 

Bell .4ni, p. o., Belmont Co., Ohio : 114 m. E. Columbus. 

Bell Brook, p. o., Greene Co., Ohio : 53 m. W. by S. C<> 
lumbus. 

Belle Ce.ntbe, p. a, Logan co., Ohio: ,M m. N. W. Co- 
lumbus. 

Bellefontatne, p. v., Choctaw co.. Miss. : 112 m. N. N. 
E. Jackson. 

Bellefon'Talne. p. v., and cap. Logan CO.. Ohio: 52 m. 
N. W. Columbus. It is an im|)ortant centre, and has a 
flourishing business. Railroads pass through the village, 

01 



BEL 



BEL 



N. and S., and E. and W. A newsi)ai)er, the " L. Gazette," 
is published weekjy. 

Bellefonte, p. v., and cap. Jackson co., Ala. : on Paint 
Keck cr. of the Tennessee r., 156 m. N. by E. Montgomery. 
A newspaper, the "Jackson County Democrat," is issued 
■weekly. 

Bellefonte, p. T., Pulaski co., Mo.: on the E. side of 
Gasconade r., 09 m. S. Jefferson City. 

Bellefonte, p. v., and cap. Centre co., Penn. : on Spring 
cr. of Bald Eaglo r., 6S ni, N. V*'. Ilarrisburg. It is exten- 
sively engaged in the iron trade, and has a connection by 
canal with West Branch Canal. Three new.spapers, the 
" C. Berichter," and the "C. Democrat" (dem.), and the 
"Democratic Whig," are issued weekly. Pop. 2,913. 

Eellefouktain, p. v., Columbia co., Wise. : 3S m. N. E. 
Madison. 

BELLEFOtntTAiN, p. V., Mahaska co., la. : on the S. aide 
of Des Moines r., 70 m. W. S. W. Iowa City. 

Belle Haten, p. o., Accomac co., Virg.: 112 m. E. by 
N. Eiehmond. 

Belle Isle, p. o., Onondaga co., A". Y. : 186 m. W. by N. 
Albany. 

Belleaiont, p. v., Lancaster co., Penn.: 42 m. E. by S. 
Harrisburg. 

Bellemonte, p. v., SL Louis CO., Mo.: lU m. E. by N. 
Jefferson City. 

Belle Ombke, p. T., Ballard co., Ky. : 240 m. W. by S. 
Frankfort. 

Belle Point, p. o., Boone co., la. : 132 m. "W. by N. 
Iowa City. 

Belle Point, p. c, Delaware co., O?iio: 2T m. N. Co- 
lumbus. 

Belle Psaikie, p. c, Hamilton co., III. : 14S m. S. S. E. 
Springfield. 

Belle Kivee, p. o., St, Clair co., 3nch.: Ill m. E. Lan- 
sing, on the r. so called, which fahs into St. Clair r. after a 
course of upward of 50 m. 

Belle Veknon, p. o., "Wyandott co., 07no: CG m. N. by 
W. Columbus. 

Belle Veenon, p. o., Fayette co., Penti. : 153 m. W. by 
S. Harrisburg. 

Bellevtew, p. o., Talbot co., Ga.: ST m. W. by S. Mil- 
led geville. 

Belleview, p. o., Rusk co., Tea. : 216 m. N. E. Austin 
City. 

Bellevtew, p. v., Callioun co., III. : on a beautiful 
prairie on the E. side of Bay cr., 69 m. W. S. W. Spring- 
field. 

Belletiew, p. v., Christian co., Ky. : 174 m. W. by B. 
Frankfort 

Belleview, p. v., Lebanon co., Penn. : S3 m. E. by N. 
Harrisburg. 

Belleview, p. c, and cap. Bossier par., Za^ : on E. side 
of Lake Bodeau, 210 m. N. "W. Baton Kouge. 

Belleville, p. t., Conecuh co., Afa.: at the head of 
Murder cr. of Conecuh r., 78 m. S. "W. Montgomery. 

Belleville, p. t., Desha co., Ark. : 118 m. S. E. Little 
Eock. 

Belleville, p. v., Hendricks co., Tiid. : 21 m. "W. S. W. 
Indianapolis. 

Belleville, p. v., and cap. St Clair co., III.: on Kock- 
land cr., 92 m. S. by W. Springfield. Tlie site is elevated, 
and the surrounding country highly fertile. Three news- 
papers are published here— the •• B. Advertiser" (dem.), the 
" Zcitung," a German paper (dem.), imd the " Illinois Ke- 
publifan" (whig). The village is one of the most flourish- 
ing of the interior. 

Belleville, p. t., Wayne co., JHiIi-. : 76 m. E. S. E. 
Lansing. 

Belleville, t. and p. v., Essex co., K Jer. : on W. side 
Passaic r., along which it extends 3 ni., 57 m. N. E. Tren- 
ton. It hns fine milling facihtics and considerable manu- 
factures, pop. 8,513, 
62 



Belleville, p. v., Jefferson co., A"! }' ; IGS m. W. N. W- 
Albany. It is situate on the Sackett's Harbor Branch R. B. 

Belleville, p. o., Bichland co., Ohio: on the S. side of 
Clear fork of Walhonding r., 50 m. N. by E. Columbus, and 
on the line of the Columbus and Lake Erie K. K., 47 m. N. 
Newark. 

Belleville, p. v., Mifflin co., Penn. : 63 m. N. W. Har- 
risburg. 

Belleville, p. c, Eoane co., Teim.: 112 m. E. by S. 
Nashville. 

Belleville, p. v., "Wood co., Virff. ; on E. side of Ohio r., 
12 m. S. Parkersburg, and 256 W. N. W. Richmond. 

Belleville Poet, p. v., Essex co., Maae. : 86 m. N. by E, 
Boston, 

Bellevue, p. v., Huron co., Ohio: 60 m. N. by E. Co- 
lumbus. 

Bellevite, t and p. v., Eaton co., Mic7i. : on Battle cr., 32 
m. W. S. W. Lansing. Pop. 769, 

Bellevtte, p. v., Jackson co., la.: on W. bank of Missis- 
sippi r., 58 m. N. E. Iowa City. It is a i>lace of considerable 
commercial activity. 

Bellefalb Mills, p. o., Stafford co., Virg.: 5S m. N, 
Richmond. 

Bellingham, t, and p. v., Norfolk co., Mass. : on Charles 
r., 82 m. S. W. Boston. Pop. 1,281. 

Bell Mount, p. o., Somerset co., Md.: 76 m. S. E. An- 
napolis. 

Bello^vs' FALI.S, p. v., Windham co., Ve?vn. : on the W. 
side of the Conueelieut v., at the falls so called, 78 m. S. l>y 
E. Montpelier. There is a canal around the falls, which 
prolongs the navigation of the r. Much picturesque scenery 
surrounds the v. ; it is more celebrated, however, as a rail- 
road centre, than for any peculiar industry. 

Bf.ll Plain, p. o., Marshall co., III.: 86 m. N. by E, 
Springfield. 

Bell Point, p. o., Giles co., Tirg.: 182 m. W. by S. 
Richmond. 

Bellport, p. v.. Suffolk co., A^. Y. : near Eire Place Cay, 
138 m. S. S. E. Albany. 

Bellsburgit, p. v., Dickson co., Tenn.: on S. side of 
Harpelli r., a tributary of Cumberland r., 25 m. W. Nash- 
ville. 

Bell's Cross Roads, p. o., Louisa co., Virg. : 42 m. N. 
W. Richmond, " 

Bell's LANnmo, p. o., Monroe co., Ala.: on E. side of 
Alabama r., 76 m. S. W. Montgomery, 

Bell's Mines, p. o., Crittenden co., Ky. : 192 m, W. by S. 
Frankfort. 

Bell's Store, p. o., Fairfield dist., S. Car.: 87 m. N. 
Columbia. 

Bell's Valley, p. o,, Rockbridge co., Virg. : lis m. W. 
by N. Richmond. 

Bell Vale, p. o., Orange co., A^ FI ; 85 m. S. by "V7. 
Albany. 

Bellttlle, p. v., Hamilton co., Flor. : 78 m. E. Talla- 
hassee. 

Bellvxlle, p. v., and cap. Austin co., 7hr. ; on Pincy 
fork of Brazos r., 7S m. E. by S. Auatln Cily. 

Belmont county, OMo. Situate E. on the Ohio r., and 
contains 536 sq. m. The interior is drained by Wheeling, 
M'Mahon's, and Captina creeks, and conlains the sources 
of several of the tributaries of Muskingum r. Surface ele- 
vated, hilly, and broken, but soils good. Farms 2,552; 
m.-muf. ls5 ; dwell. 5.82S, and pop.— wb. 33,7GG, fr. col. S34 
—total 34.6')0. Caintal:SU Clairsvillc. Pvllic Worku: 
Central Ohio R. R. 

Bklmont. p. 0., Snmter co., Ala. : 3 m. W. Tombigbce r., 
and 99 W. by N. Montgomen-. 

Belmont, p. o., Pike co., lU.: 69 m. W. by S. Spring- 
field. 

Bklmont, p. o., Crawford co., Arl:: 123 m. W. N. W. 
Little Roek. 

Belmont, p. o., Gonzales co., Ttxr. : 61 m. S. Austin City. 



BEL 



BEN 



Belmont, I. and p. v., Viahht co., M''.: Z'i m. E. by N. 
Augusta. 

Belmost, p. o., Panola co., JIfiss. : on N. "W. side of 
Tallahatchie r., 119 m. N. by E. Jackson. 

Bblmoxt, p. 0., Belmoat co., 0/uo: 103 m. E. C<^Iimi- 
bus. Pop. 105. 

Belmont, p. v., Newberry diat, S. Qir.: on N. E. eide 
of Lime r., 57 m. N. W. Columbia. 

Belmont, p. v., Fayette co., Term.: on a head cr. of 
Loosahatchie r., 143 m. W. S, "ff. Nashville. 

Belmont, p. o., Loudua co., Virg.: Ill m. N. Eieh- 
mond. 

Beloit, t. and p. t., Rock co., Wise: on both sides of 
Eock r., at the junction of Turtle cr.. 42 m. S. by E. Mad- 
ison. It has several mills, maehiiie-shnjjs, and a prosper- 
ous college, and nunibers about :J,0i)O itiliabitanta. The 
"Beloit Journal'' (whig) is issued weekly. A branch of 
the Galena and Chicago TTiiion K. K. extends to Beloit. 
In the vicinity are many of th'ise mounds which abound in 
the West. Pop. 2,730. 

Belpbe, t and p. v., "Washington co., 0/n'o : on the Ohio 
r., opposite Parkersburg, ST m. E. S. E. Cnlumbus. The t. 
occupies a beautiful meadow, as ita French name implies. 
Blonnerhasset. Island, the rendezvous of Aaron Burr and 
his co-patriots, lies a little below the v. Belpr§, from its 
position, will hereafter become an important railway centre 
— it is the point at which the Cincinnati, Hillsboro', and 
Parkersburg II. K. will meet with the North-western li. P., 
a branch of the Baltimore and Ohio R. P., by which a di- 
rect n^ute from Cincinnati to Baltimore, 517 m. long, will be 
effected. Pop. \62.3. 

Beltsvtllk, p. v., Prince George's co., Md. : on Wash- 
ington branch of Baltimore and Ohio P. P., 27 m. W. S. W. 
Baltimore, and IS W. by N. Annapolis. 

BELTinEar:, p. v., and cap. Boone co., III. : on K. branch 
of Kishwaukee r., and on tlie line of the Galena and (Chica- 
go Union P. R., 78 m. W. Chicago, and 193 m. N. N. E. 
Springtield. It is a flourishing town of some 2,000 inhab- 
itants. 

BELvmEUE, t. and p. v., Laraoelle co., Venn. : on a 
branch of Lamoelle r., at the W. base of the Green mts., 
S;3 ra. N. Montpelier. Pop 25(^. 

Belvidere, p. v., and cap. Warren co., y. Jef. : on the 
E. side of Delaware r., 45 m. N. N. W. Trenton, and on the 
Belvidere and Delaware R. R. It is destined to become an 
important cntrep6t of commerce between Philadelphia and 
N. W. New Jersey. Two newspapers, the "Warren Jour- 
nal" (dem.), and the " Warren Intelligencer" (whig), are 
issued weekly. 

Bem, p. o., Greene co., Tn.se..- 26 m. S. by W. Madison. 

Beman'k Cp.039 Road3, p. o., Sampson co., iVI Cc*/'. .' 62 
m. S. E. Ealcigh. 

Bemis Ckeek, p. o., Cambria co., P<^/in. : 103 m. W. Har- 
risburg. 

Bemds' irEiGiiTS, p. v.. Saratoga co., iV! Y.: on W. side 
of Hudson r.. 22 m. N. ^\JI)any. Noted in Iiistory as the 
scene of warlike operations in the Revolutionary War. 

Benbrook's iliLus, p. 0., Izard co., ArK: : S7 m. N. Little 
Eock. 

Bent>ersvtllb, p. v., Adams co., Penn.: 33 tn. S. W. 
Harrtsburg. 

Bendt's Landing, p. o., Tyler co., Ttx. : 194 m. E. by S. 
Austin City. 

Benedict, p. v., Charles co., 2fd.: on W. side Patuxent 
r., 82 m. B. by W. Annapolis. 

Benela, p. o., Chickasaw co.. Miss. : 133 m. N. E. Jack- 
son. 

Benevola, p. T., Washington co., Md. : 46 m. N. W. 
Annapolis. 

Benevola, p. T., Pickens co., Ala.: 117 m. W. N. W. 
Montgomery. 

Benezeite, p. 0., Elk CO., Penn.: 12S m. W. N. W. Ilar- 
risburg. 



Benfoud's Store, p. o., Somerset co., Prnxn.: 12o m. W. 
by 8. Ifarrisburg. 

Bengal, t and p. v., Clinton co.,J/ic7i. ; on Stony cr. of 
Grand r., 13 m. N. W. Lansing. P«p. 1-1:?. 

Benuaden, p. o., Wakulla co., Fioi\ : 2G m. S. W. Talla- 
hassee. 

Benicia. p. v., and cap. Solano co., Calif. : on N. W. side 
ofiSuisun Bay, 4 m. E. Vallejo. 

BENNETTSiiaRtt, p. V., Tompklns co., Nl Y. ;17'i m. W. by 
S. Albany. 

Bennett's Cobnees, p. o., Madisou co., iV". Y. : 110 m. W, 
by N. Albany. 

Bennett's Coeneus, p. c, Jackson co., Mick.: 85 m. 
S. W. Lansing. 

Bennett's Cheek, p. o., Steuben co., A^. 1'. ; 209 m. W. 
by S. Albany. 

Bennett's Feeet, p. o., Jackson co., Tenn. : 54 m. E. by 
N. Nashville. 

Bennett's Mills, p. o., Lewis co., Virg. : IsT m. N. W. 
Richmond. 

Bennett's Eivee, p. c, Fulton co., ArA: : 113 m. N. Lit- 
tle Rock. 

Bennettsville, p. v., St. Clair co., Ala. : 100 m. N. Mont- 
gomery. 

Bennettsville, p. v., Chenango co., iV. Y. : 101 m. W, 
Albany. 

Bennettsvili-e, p. v., and cap. Marlborough dist., S, 
Car. : 97 m. N. E. Columbia. 

Bennettsville, p. v., Clark co., Ind.: 91 m. S. by E. 
Indianapolis. 

Bennington county. Verm. Situate S. W. on the Stato 
line, and contains 612 sq. m. Drained in the W. by Iloosio 
r. and Batten Kill, in the E. by West and Deerfield rivers. 
Surface traversed by mountains. Lead and iron abound, 
aiwl also quarries of beautiful marble. Lands better adapt- 
ed to grazing than tillage, although In the W. there are 
several fertile valleys. Farms 1,397; manuf. 147; dwell. 
3.404, and pop.— wh. 1^.512, fr. eol. 77— toUil 13,5S9. Cap- 
Hal: Manchester. Public Works: Western Vermont R. R. ; 
Bennington Branch R. R. ; and the Bennington and New 
York E. R. 

Bennington, p. v., Ilillsbarough co., K I/amp. : 2S m. 
S. W. Concord. 

Bennington, p. v., Marion CO., la.: on N. side of Des 
Moines r., SS m. W. by S. Iowa City. 

Bennington, t. and p. v., Wyoming co., Al Y. : on Cay- 
uga and Tonawanda creeks, 253 m. W. Albany. P. 2,400. 

Bdnnington, p. v., Shiawassee co., Mich. : on N. side 
of Looking-glass r., 23 m. N. E. Lansing. 

BENNaNGTON, t. and p. v., Morrow co., Ohio : 83 m. N. by 
E. Columbus. Fop. I,2ii5. 

Bennington, p. v., Switzerland CO., Ind. : 90 m. S. E. 
Indianapolis. 

Bennington, t. and p. v., Bennington co., Venn.: on a 
branch of Iloosic r., 9S m. S. by W. Montpelier. It h.ia 
several mills, furnaces, and factories; and two newspapers, 
the "State Banner" (whig), and the ''Vermont Gazette" 
(dem."), published weekly. A branch of the Western Ver- 
mont R. E. comes to the v- from N. Bennington. P. 3,923. 

Bennington Centhe, p. o., Bennington co., Verm.: 99 
m. S. by W. Montpelier. 

Benson, p. v., Hamilton co., K. T; ; on Sacandaga r., 53 
m. N. W. Albany. 

Benson, t. and p. v., Rutland co., Venn. : on Lake 
Champlain, 54 m. S. W. Montpelier. Pop. 1,305. 

Benson's Landing, p. o., Rutland co., TV/v;;..- 50 m. 3. 
W. Montpelier, The lake is here about a mile wide. 

Bent Cheek, p. o., Appomattox co., Vlr. : Tl ni. W. by 
S. Eichmond. 

Bentivoolio, p. o., Albemarle co., Virg. : 66 m. W. by 
N. Richmond. 

Bentley'3 Coen-xrs, p. o., Jefferson co., K Y. : 142 m. 
N. W. Albany. 

6S 



BEN 



BER 



Bextlet Cheek, p. o., Bradford «o., I'tinn.: 118 m. N. 
by E. Harrisburg. 

BENTLEVTII.I.B, p. V., Wasbington »o., Peim.: 993 m. "W. 
by S. Harrisburg. 

Benton counly, Ala. Situate N. E., and contains 1,0S0 
eq. m. DraiiH'd by tbc head waters of Tallapoosa r. and 
several creeks of Coosa r. Surface generally elevated, leTel, 
or undulating. Well wooded on the streams; and soils 
highly fertile, producing wheat, Indian corn, and cotton. 
Gold is found within Uiis county. Farms 1,227 ; manuf. 
31 ; dweU. S,1SS, and pop.— wh. 18,-39T, ft. col. 8, sL 8,703— 
total 17,163. Ct/pi'te;.' Jacksonville. 

Benton county, Ark, Situate N. W. comer, and con- 
tains 1,020 sq. ra. Drained by the head streams of White 
and Illinois rivers, the latter a tributary of Arkansas r. 
Surface hilly and broken. Soils indifferent. Farms 295 ; 
manuf. 5; dwell. 572, and pop.— wh. 8,506, Ir. col. 1, si. 201 
— total 3,710. Capital : Bentonville. 

Benton county, Flor. Situate W. of E. Florida, on the 
gulf, being bounded E. by Withlacoochee r. Drained by a 
number of streams falling to the sea. Surface flat. Soils 
adapted to rice, cotton, and sugar. Farms S2 ; dwell. 113, 
and pop.— wh. 604, ft. col. 0, s!. 322— total 926. Capital: 
Melendez. 

Benton county, ImJ. Situate N. W., and contains 360 sq. 
m. Big and Little Pine creeks, which fall into the Wabash 
and Sugar cr., a tributary of the Illinois, drain the greater 
part of the coimty. Surface level or undxilating, and mostly 
prairie. Wheat, Indian com, and oats are the staple 
growths . Mt. Nebo and Mt. Gilboa, are noted mounds in 
the N. part of the county. Famis 149; dwell. ISO, and 
pop.— wh. 1,144, fl-. col. — total 1,144. ai^ntal: O.v- 
ford. 

Benton conntj-, Ta. Situate centrally, and contains 720 
eq. m. Dramed by Cedar r. and its creeks. Surface level 
or undulating— prairie chiefly, and very productive. Farms 
67; dwell. 121, and pop.— wh. 672, fr. col. 0— total 672. 
Capital : Vinton. 

Benton county, 3Ilnn. Situate E. side of Mississippi, 
and contains about 3,000 sq. m. Drained by numerous 
tributaries of the Mississippi. Surface varied, and many 
lakes. Timber of all kinds plentiful. Farms 20; manuf. 
1 ; dwell. 71, and pop.— wh. 410, tr. col. 2— total 413. Cap- 
ital : Sauk Eapids. 

Benton county, 3Io. Situate W. centrally, and contains 
5S0 sq. m. Drained by Osage r. and its tributaries. Sur- 
face rolling— in some parts hilly .and well timbered ; prairie 
covers three-fourths of the whole. The soils are exceed- 
ingly fertile, and produce abundantly wheat, Indian corn, 
and tobacco, with some cotton. Farms 510 ; manuf 10 ; 
dwell. 7S9, and pop.— wh. 4,546, fr. col. 9, si. 460— total, 5,115. 
Capital: Warsaw. 

Benton county, Oreg. Situate W. between the racifle 
Ocean and tbo Willamette r., and drained chiefly by Mary's 
r., and other tributaries of the Willamette. Mt. Snclling, near 
the centre of the co., is Iho loftiest eminence. Soils along 
the WiUamette valley exceedingly fertile, and the water- 
power afl'orded by that stream of great value. Contains 
16,000 sq. m. Farms 110 ; manuf. 1 ; dwell. 149, and pop. 
— wh. 810, tr. col. 4— total, 814. Capital: MarysN-ille. 

Benton county, Tenn. Situate N. W., and contains 3S0 
sq. m. Drained by Big S.andy and other creeks of Tennes- 
see r., which lies on the E. border. Surface level or undu- 
lating, and soils generaUy fertile, producing abundantly 
grain and tobacco. Farms 706 ; manuf. 2 ; dwell. 984, and 
pop.—wh. 5,931, tr. col. 21, si. 363— total, 6,315. Capital: 
Camden, rublic Worku : several .E. K's. are projected, 
centering at Camden ; one from Nashville, one to HoUy 
Springs, and one westward, via Dresden, to the Mississippi. 

Bexton, p. T., Lowndes co., Ala. : 28 m. S. W. Mont- 
gomery. 

Benton, p. v., and cap. Saline CO., Ark. : on N. Side of 
EaUne r., 24 m. S. W. LitUe Kock. 
61 



Benton, p. v., Elkhart co., In<I.: on N. E. side of Elk- 
hart r., 120 m. N. Indlaua])olis. 

EiN'TON, p. v., and cap. Franklm co.. Ill, : on E. side of 
Big Mud.ly r., liil m. B. by E. Springfield. The "B. Stand 
aid" t,whig) is issued weekly. 

Bejtton, p. T., and cap. Marshall CO., Ky. : on N. E. side 
Clark's r., 213 m. W. by S. Frankfort. 

Benton, p. T., and cap. Yazoo co.. Miss. : at the head of 
a cr, of Big Black r., 31 lu. N. by W. Jackson. 

Benton, p. v., Washtenaw co., Midi. : 51 m. 8. E. Lan- 
sing. 

Benton, p. v., and cap. Scott co., Mo. ; 6 m. "W of Missis- 
sippi r., and 169 m. S. E. Jefferson City. 

Benton, t. and p. v., Grafton CO., JV. ITamp. : 59 m. N. 
by W. Concord. The Boston, Concord, and Montreal 11. K. 
crosses the t., 73 m. from Concord. Pop. 479, 

Benton, t. and p. o., Yates co., Jf. Y. : 192 m. W. Al- 
bany. The p. o. is located at Bellona. Pop. 8.156. 

Benton, p. v.. Holmes co., 0/iio : 76 m. N. E. Columbus. 

Benton, p. v., Coliimbia co., P«i«. ; 62 m. N. by E. Ilar- 
risburg. 

Benton, p. v., and cap. Folk CO., Tfitin. : on the N. E. side 
of Tocco r., a little E. of its junction with the niwaa3.;e r., 
1.38 in. E. S. E. NashviUe. 

Benton, p. v., Iowa CO., Wixc. : 37 m. W. Madison. 

Benton Centre, p. o., Yates co., AT. Y. : 194 m. W 
Albany. 

Benton Kidge, p. o., Hancock co., Oliio : 76 m. N. W 
Columbus. 

Benton's Port, p. o.. Van Buren eo., !a. : on the E. 
side Dcs Moines r., 6« m. i. by W. Iowa City. 

Bentonsville, p. T., Johnson «o.. A'". Car. : 91 m. S. E. 
Ealeigh. 

Eentontiele, p. v., Fayette CO., Jn^. : 64 m. E. by S. 
Indianapolis. 

Bentonville, p. v., Adams co., Ohio. : 76 m. 8. by W. 
Colimibus. 

Bentonville, p. v., Coffee CO., Ala. : T3 m. S. Mont- 
gomery. 

Bentontille, p. v., Warren co., Vlrg. : 102 m. N. by 
W. P,ichmond. 

Bentonville, p. v., and cap. Benton co.. Ark. : at the 
head of Sugar cr. of Neosho r., 156 m. N. W. Little Eock. 

BENTTENnE, p. 0., Duupliin CO., Peim. : 18 m. N. Harris- 
burg. 

BENzrNGEK, t. and p. o.. Elk CO., Peim. : 123 m. N. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Beeea, p. v., Cuyahoga co., Oliio: at the fiills of E. 
branch of Eocky r., 118 m. N. E. Columbus. The Cleve- 
land, Columbus, and Cincinnati K. E. passes through Iho 
village, 12 m. S. W. Cleveland. 

Beeea, p. v., Granville Co., A^ Car. 

Bekgen county, N. Jer. Situate N. E. on Hudson r., and 
contains 350 sq. m. Drained by Uackensack, Saddle, and 
Eamapo rivers: surface various. The Palisades, facing 
the Hudson, are in Bergen county. Soils moderately fer- 
tile, producing grain and potatoes. Farms 1,129 ; manuf 
71 ; dwell. 2,006, and pop.—wh. 13,094, fr. col. 1,590, si. 41 
—total, 14,725, Capital : UaekcmacV. PuiUc Works : B&- 
mapo and Paterson E. E. 

Beegen, t., p. v., and cap. Hudson co., Jf. Jer. ; on Ber 
gen Hill, 48 m. N. E. Trenton. The t was settled by tlio 
banes as early as 1616. Pop. 2,756. 

Beegen, t. and p. v., Genessco CO., A^ T. : on Black cr., 
217 m. W. Albany. The Buffalo and Kochesler E. E. passes 
through the place. 

Beegen Ikon Woekb, p. 0., Ocean co., AT. Jer. 

Bekgen Point, p. v., Hudson co.. A': Jer. : the S. extrem- 
ity of the CO., between Newark Bay and the Kills. 

Beegee's Store, p. 0., Pittsylvania co., Virg. : 122 m. 
W. S. W. Eichmond. 

Bergholtz, p. o., Niagara Co., K Y. : 266 m. W. A*any. 

Beekelet county, Viig. Situate N, E, on Potomac r. 



BER 



BET 



anil contains ;!90 sq. ra. Drained Iiy Back cr. and other 
etrcams. Surface uneven and broken, and suil stubborn. 
"Wheat, corn, and oats are the staple prodnety. Farms 570; 
mauuf. Hi ; dwell. 1.66$, and pop. — wh. iKTM, fr. col. 249, 
8l. I,9oi>— total, ]1,T71. Capital: Marliusbury;h. Public 
Wurki^ : B.iUiniore and Ohio li. K. 

Eei'.klkt, t. and p. v., Bristol ec, Mass. : on Taunton r., 
49 m. S. W. lioston. Top. 90s 

Bekklky, p. v., Madison co., Ala.: 1C9 m. N. Mont- 
gomery. 

Beukley, p. v., Washita co.. Ark. : 1-1 ra. S. by E. Little 
Eook. 

Berkeley Springs, p. v., and cap. Morgan co., Vlfg. 

Becks county, Penn. Situate H. E., and contains 1,020 
sq. m. Drained by tributaries of Schuylkill r., which passes 
tUroutrh it. Surface diversifled ; mouTitains in N. W., and 
the soils generally fertile ; coal and iron abundant Atiri- 
cullural staples, wheat, corn, and rye. Farms 4,TS0 ; 
manuf. l,'2S(i; dwell. 12,931, and pop.— wh. T6,57G, fr. col. 
n53— total, 77,129. Cajntal : lioading. PuUic Works : 
rhiladelphia and Reading R. R. ; Schuylkill Navigation; 
and Union Canal. 

Berksuire county, Mass. Situate "W. on State line, and 
contains 1,400 sq. m. Drained by Ilousatonic and lloosic 
rivers. Surface broken, being traversed by Green mifl. : 
soils moderately fertile, and capable of cultivation to tlie 
hill tops. Farms 2,S9T; manuf. 387 ; dwell. 8,638, and pop. 
— wh. 4S,332, fr. col. 1,259— total, 49,591. Capital : Lenox. 
Puhlic Works : Ilousatonic E. R. ; Western R. R. ; Pitts- 
flekl and Xorth Adams R. R. ; Troy and Boston R. R., etc. 

Berkshire, p. v., Kane co., III. : 163 m. N. E. Spring- 
field. 

Berkshire, p. v., Tioga co., iV T.: 143 ra. W. N. W. 
Albany. 

BERKsnTEE, t. and p. v., Delaware co., Ohio : 23 m. N. by 
E. Columbus. Pop. l,r.55. 

Berkshire, p. v., Gwinnett co., Ga.: 75 m. N. W. 
Milled geville. 

Bebksuiee, t. and p. v., Fmnklin co., Verm.: on Missis- 
que r., 4S m. N. Montpelier. Pop. 1,9JJ5. 

Berkshire Valley, p. v., Morris co., J^. Jer. : on Rock- 
away r.. 61 m. N. Trenton. 

Berlix, p. v., Sumter co., Ala. : 12S m. "W. Montgomery. 

Berlix, p. v., Clinton co.,/Hf7. .-40 m.N. W. Indianapolis. 

Berlin, t. and p. v., Hartford co.. Conn.: 12 ra. H. W. 
Hartford. The New Haven, Hartfljrd, and Springfield R. R. 
passes through the t., 25 m. N. New Haven. Pop. 1,S68. 

Berlin, t. and p. v., Marquette co., U'wc. .• on Fox r., 73 
m. N. N. E. Madison. I'op. 1,0.^2. 

Berlin, p. v., Sangamon eo., III. : on tho Sangamon and 
Morgan R. R., 16 m. W. Springfield. 

Berlin, p. v., "Worcester co., Md. : near the head of Trap 
cr., 7S m. S. E. Annapolis. 

Berlin, t. and p. v., Worcester co., Mass. : on a branch 
of Assabet r., 32 m. W. by N. Boston. Poji. 866. 

Berlin, p. v., Coos co., IT. Ifavip. : on a branch of Am- 
monoosuc r., 84 m. N. Concord. The Atlantic and St. Law- 
rence R. R. passes through the town, 97 m. N. W. Portland. 

Berlin, t. and p. v., Rensselaer co., H. Y. : on Little 
Hoosic r., 22 m. E. Albany. Pop. 205. 

Berlin, t. and p. v., Hohnes co., Ohio: 74 m. N. E. 
Columbus. Pop. 1,452. 

Berlin, p. v., Somerset co., Penn.: 117 ni. W. 8. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Berlin, p. v.. Marshall co., Tenn. : about 3 ra. S. Duck r., 
and 42 S. Nashville. 

Berlin, p. t., Southampton co., Virg. : 51 m. S. by E. 
Richmond. 

Bkelin, t and p. v., Washington co., Vt^rvi. : on Onion 
r, 4 m. S. by W. Montpelier. The Vermont Central R. R. 
traverses the t. above and below Montpelier. Pop. 1.507. 

Berlin Centre, p. v., Mahoning co., Ohio : 129 m. N. E. 
Columbus. 

I 



Berlin Cross Roads, p. o., Jackson co., Oliio: (,15 m. 
S. S. K. Columbus. 

Berlin Fali^, p. o., Coos co., iV. Uamp. : on Andros- 
coggin r., 87 m. N. by E. Concord. 

Berlinville, p. v., Erie co., Ohio : 97 ra. N. N. E. 
Columbus. 

Bermuiuan, p. v., Adams co., Pfnm. : 21 m. S. by W. 
Harri.sl)urg. 

Bernadoite, p. v., Fulton co., III. : on Spoon r., 57 m 
N. W. Harrisburg. 

Bernalillo county, N. Mese^. Situate centrally on the 
Rio Grande, by the tributaries of which it is drained. Farms 
164; dwell. 1,6S4, and pop.— wh. 7,749, fr. col. 2— total, 7,751. 
Capital : Bernalillo. 

Bernardstown, t. and p. v., Franklin co., Masfi. : on W. 
side of Connecticut r., 76 m. W. by N. Boston. The Bratr 
tleborough Branch of Vermont and M:is3aehu setts R. R., 
and the Connecticut River R. E. form a junction in this 
locality. Pop. 937. 

Berne, t. and p. v., Albany co., N. Y. : 17 m. W. Alba- 
ny, on Fox's cr. of Schoharie cr. Pop. 3,441. 

Berne, p. v., Monroe co., Ohi<} : 10$ in. E. by S. Colum- 
bus. 

Bernbard's Bat, p. v., Oswego co., N.Y.:A\ m. W. N. W. 
Albany. Pop. 3.441. 

Berntille, p. v., Berks co., Penn.: on W. siile Schuyl- 
kill r., 51 ni. E. by N. Harrisburg. 

Berrien county, Mic?i. Situate S. W. comer, and con- 
tains 576 sq. m. Drained by Pawpaw, St. Josejdi, and Oa- 
lien rivers. Surface various : the valleys have a rich loimiy 
soil, and timber grows heavily. Farms 690; manuf. 64; 
dwell. 2,126, and pop.— wh. 11,17^^, fr. col. 23lt— total. 1 1.417. 
Capital: Berrien Spring. Puhlic Works: Central Michi- 
gan R. R. 

Berrien Springs, p. t., and cap. Berrien co., Mit-h. 

Berry, p. o., Dane co., 117,*^. 

Berrtsburq, p. v., Dauphin co., Penn. : 81 m. N. Har- 
risburg. 

Berrv'8 Ferry, p. o., Livingston co., Ky. : on Ohio r., 
opposite Golconda, 209 m. W. by S. Frankfort. 

Beurt'8 Lick, p. o., Butler co., Kij. : 132 m. S. W. Frank- 
fort. 

Berry's Mill, p. o., Union co., Ky. : 172 ra. W. by S. 
Frankfort. 

BERRY6VILLE, p. V., Knox CO. lud. : 97 m. S. W. Indian- 
apolis. 

Berryton, p. v., Cass co.. III. : on a cr. of Sangamon r., 
29 m. N. W. Springfield. 

BERR'iTiLLE, p. V., aud Cap. Clarke co., Virg. : 111 m. N. 
by W. Richmond. 

Bersueba, p. v., Henry co., Ga. : 66 m. W. by N. Mil- 
led geville. 

Bebtib county, TT'. Car. Situate N. E. on Albemarle 
Sound, and contains 6S0 aq. m. Drained by tributaries of 
Chowan and Roanoke rivers, the latter of which bounds it 3. 
Surface low and marshy, and the soils productive of Indian 
corn and cotton. The pineries arc valua!>le for naval stores. 
Farms M2 ; manuf. 50 ; dwell. 1,070, and pop.— wh. 5,344, 
fr. col. 313, si. 7,194— total, 12,851. Capital: Windsor. 

BERTRANn, t. and p. v., Berrien co., Mich.: on St. Joseph 
r.. 9S m. S. W. Lansing. 

Berwick, p. v., Warren CO., i?/. ; on W. fork f)f S[)oon 
r.. s:3 m. N. W. Springfield. 

Berwick, p. v., Seneca co., Ohio : 83 m. N. by W. 
Columbus. 

Berwick, p. v., Columbia co., Ponti.: on Susquelianna 
r. 63 m. N. by E. Harrisburg. Pop. 486. 

Berzelia, p. v., Columbia co., Ga. : on the line of the 
Georgia R. R., 21 ra. W. Augu.sfa, and G> m. E. by N. 
Milledgeville. 

Bertland, p. 0., Essex co., Virff. : 51 m. N. E. Rich- 
mond. 

Bethaiiy, t. and p. t.. New Haven co., Conn. : on W. 

05 



BET 



BlU 



side of ConnecUcut r., 2" m. S. S. W. Hartford. Pop. 
914. 

BETKAi-y, p. T., Panda co., Tic. ; 292 m. N. E. Austin 
City. 

Bethant, t. and p. v., Genesee co., X. Y. : on Little 
Tonawauda and Blaclc creeks, 229 m. W. Albany. The 
Buffalo and New York City E. E. passes tUrough. P.1,004. 
Bethany, p. T., BuUcr co., Oliui. : »9 m. W. S. Vf. Co- 
lumbus. 

Bethany, p. v., and cap. Wayne Co., J^enn. : on Dyberry 
cr., 123 m. N. E. Ilarrisburg. 

Bethany, p. t., Brooke CO., Tirg. : 252 m. N. W. Eich- 
mond. 

Bethany, p. v., and cap. Uarrison co., 3fo. : on Big cr. 
of the W. fork of Grand r., 15:3 m. N. \V. Jetrcrson City. 

Bethany Cuuech, p. o., Iredell co., Al Car. : IIT m. TV. 
Kalcigh. 

BETHAi'iA, p. v., stokes CO., IT. Car. : 100 m. Vf. by N. 
Baleigh. 

Bethania, v., Lancaster co, Penn. : 43 ni. E. by S 
Harrisburg. Has a printing and book-binding establish- 
ment and other manufactures, and about 40 dwellings. 

Bctiiel, p. v., Fairfield co.. Conn. : 53 m. 8. W. Hart- 
ford, and on the Danbiiry and Norwalk E. E., 19 m. N. 
Norwalk. 

Bethel, p. v., Glynn eo., Ga. : near the mouth of Alata- 
maha r., 153 m. S. E. MUlcdgeville. 

Bethel, p. v., Morgan co.. III. : on the line of the Sanga- 
mon and Morgan E. E., 45 m. W. Springfield. 
Bethel, p. v., Bath co., Kt/. : 69 m. E. Frankfort. 
Bethel, t. and p. v., O.xford eo.. Me. : on the Androscog- 
gin r., 49 m. W. Augusta, and on the Atlantic and St. 
LawTcnce P.. E., 70 m. from Portland. Pop. 2,2,')3. 

Bethel, p. v., Shelby co., Mo.: 92 m. N. Jefferson 
City. 
Bethel, p. t., 'Wayne eo., Itid. : 60 m. E. Indianapolis. 
Bethel, t. and p. v., Sullivan CO., A'. 1'. .• on branches 
of Delaware r., 113 m. S. W. Albany. Pop, 2,087. 

Bethel, p. v., Clermont co., Ohio : 86 m. 8. W. Indian- 
apolis. 
Bethel, p. t., Berks CO., Penn. : 51 m. E. Harrisburg. 
Bethel, p. v., York disl., S Car. : 79 m. N. Columbia. 
Betoel, t. and p. v., Windsor CO., rerm. : on TVhite r,, 
29 m. S. by W. Monlpelier. The t. contains a valuable 
soapstone quarry. The Vermont Central E. E. passes 
through the t., 39 m. from Windsor. Pop. 1,730. 
Bethel, p. v., Mercer co., Vtrg. : 20S m. W. Eiehmond. 
Betuesda, p. v., Williamson co., Tenn. : 24 m. S. Nash- 
ville. 

Bethlehem, t. and p. v., Litclifleld co.. Conn. : 81 m. W. 
Hartford. Pop. 815. 

Bethlehem, p. v., Sumter disf., ^S*. Car. : 41 m. E. Co- 
lumbia. 

Bethlehem, p. v., Clarke CO., Tnd. : 87 m. S. S. E. In- 
dianapolis. 

Bethlehem, t. and p. v., Grafton co., .?r. ITamp. : on 
Ammonoosuc r., 72 m. N. by W. Concord. Pop. 952. 

Bethlehem, p. v., Gilmer co., Tirg. : 213 m. W. N. W. 
Eiehmond. 

Betblehem, t. and p. t., Hunterdon co., iK Jer. : 37 m. 
N. by W. Trenton. Pop. 2,740. 
Bethlehem, p. v., Marshall co., Mhit, : 168 m. N. .Tackson. 
Bethlehem, t and p. v., Albany co., J^. T.: on Nor- 
manskiU, etc., 5 m. S. Albany. Pop. 4,102. 

Bethlehem, p. v., Columbus Co., Ala.: 63 m. E. by N. 
Montgomery. 

Bethleiie-m, t. and p. v., Northampton co., Penn. : on 
Lehigh r., at the mouth of Manokiey cr., S3 m. E. by N. 
Harrisburg. Settled by the Moravians in 1741, and still one 
of their principal localities. Pop. 1,516. 
Bethlehem Centre, p. v., Albany Co., A'! Y. 
Bethmont, p. v.. Orange co., M Car. ; 43 m. N. W. 
Ealeigh. 



BETreviLLE, p. v., Seneca co., Ohio: on a branch of 
Sandusky r., 85 m. N. by W. Columbus. 
BEOLAit, p. o., Johnson co.. A' Car. : 23 m. E. Ealeigh. 
Bevans, p. v., Sussex co., M Jer. : S9 m. N. Trcntnn. 
Betebly, p. v., Adams co., HI. : 73 m. W. Springfield. 
Beveely, p. v., Burlington co., A'. Jer. 
Beverly, t, p. v., and sea-port, Essex eo., JAij^a. ; 16 m. 
N. by E. Boston. It lies on the N. side of the bay, oppo- 
site Salem, with which it is connected by a bridge, 1,500 
feet long, over which the Eastern E. E. passes. A railroad 
also extends hence to Gloucester. Shipping owned in the 
district 3,173 tons, all in the coasting trade. Pop. 5,376. 

Beverly, p. v., Anson CO., A". Ca-r.: on Big Brown cr. 
of Yadkin r., 87 m. N. E. Ealeigh. 

Beverly-, p. v., Washington CO., Ohio : on N. side of 
Muskingum r., 7S m. E. S. E. Columbus. 

Beverly, p. v., and cap. Eandolph co., Virg. : on the 
E. fork of Monongahela r.. 165 m. W. N. W. Eiehmond. 

Beverly Farms, p. o., Essex co., jl/iws. ; 18 m. N by E. 
Boston. 

Bevts' Tavern, p. o., Hamilton co., Ohio: 106 m. S. W. 
Columbus. 

Bewleyvtlle, p. v., Breckenridge co., ATy. ; 112 m. W. 
by S. Frankfort. 

Bexar county. Tap. Situate W., and contains about 
120,000sq.m. It extends from 2SOto 86°30',and embraces 
all the country from the organized counties to the Pecos r. 
All the great interior rivers of Texas have their sources 
within its territory. Surface in the S. part, undulating or 
rolling prairie, interspersed with oak-openings and groves. 
On the N. ranges of hills run E and W., forming a water- 
shed between the streams of the E. and S. W. Lime and 
sandstone abundant, and Uiere are several mineral springs. 
Soil, a dark, sandy, calcareous loam, rich and productive. 
The southern part is only occupied. Farms 117 ; manut 
13; dwell. 1,204, and pop.— wh. 5,635, fr. col. 23, si. 889— 
total, 6,052. Capital: San Antonio. 

Bexae, p. v., Marion Co., Ma.: 150 m. N. W. Mont- 
gomery. 

Bibb county, A!a. Situate centrally, and contains 864 
sq. m. Drained by tributaries of Catawba r., which trav- 
erses the county centrally. Surface moderately undulating, 
and the soils, especially on the rivers, fertile. Products va- 
rious, Indian corn and cotton being the principal. Farms 
654; manuf 13; dwell. 1,153, and pop. — wh. 7,097, fr. col. 
11, si. 2,S61— total 9,969. Capital: Centreville. 

Bibb county, Ga. Situate centrally, and contains 4.32 sq- 
m. Drained by Ockmulgee r. and its tributaries. Surface 
uneven. .Soils generally sandy, but near the streams highly 
fertile, producing fine cotton. Farms 308 ; manuf. 82 ; 
dwell. 1,234, and pop.— wh. 7,009, fr. col. 53, si. 5,687— total, 
12,699. Capital : ^lacou. Public M'brks: Central GGore^Si 
E. E. ; Macon and Western E. E. ; and South-western E. E. 
Bickley's Mills, p. o., Eussell co., Virg. : 267 m. W. by 
S. Eiehmond. 

IiiDPEFORD, p. v., York CO., M^. : on S. side of Saco r., lit 
its mouth, 67 m. S. W. Augusta. The *' Mercantile Adver- 
tiser" (whig), is issued weekly. The Portland, Saco, and 
Portsmouth E. E. passes through the t., 36 m. from Ports- 
mouth and 15 from Portland. Pop. 6.095. 

BiDWELL's Bare, p. o.. Butte co., Calif.: on middle 
fork of Feather r., 113 m. N. by E. Vallejo. 

Bienville parish. La. Situate N. W. of W. dist.. having 
Lake Bistcneau for its W. border, and contains 1.O80 sq. m. 
Drained by Grand Bayou and the creeks Black Lake, Sa- 
line, and others, tributaries of Ecd r. Surface, a ])lateau 
somewhat elevated: soils fertile, producing excellent cot- 
ton. Farms 2ri ; manuf 2 ; dwell. 571, and pop.— wh. 
3,62-3, fr. col. 21, 8l. 1,395— total, 6,539. Capital: Mount 
Lebanon. 
Bio Bar, p. o.. Trinity co., Calif. 
Big Barren, p. o., Claiborne CO., Tenn. : on N. side of 
Clinch r., 176 m. E. Nashville. 



BIG 



BIN 



Rig Ueateh, p. o., Oakland co., Mich. : bO m. E. Lan- 
sing;. 

Big Ben-d, p. o., Gilmore co., Viri/.: 280 ra. "W". N. W. 
nichmnniJ. 

Bill Bend, p. o., Tenango cck, Petin. : 157 m. "W. N. W. 
IlarrisburfT. 

Big Besd, p, o., 'Waukeslia co., Wi-sr.: ^S lu. V,'. 
Madison. 

Big Bend, p. o., Avoyelles par., Za.: "S ui. N. "W. 
Baton Boiige. 

Big Bexp, p. o., 'Whitesiilca ca, ///. ; on a penin.sula of 
Eock r., V-id m. N. gpringfield. 

Big Brook, p. o., Oneida co., X. T. : OT ni. W. by N. 
Albany. 

BiGBT FonK, p, o., Monroe ca, Mm.: 121> m. ;?J. E. 
Jackson. 

BiGBYTiLi.B, p. v., Maury co., T<^nn. : on a or. of Diu-fc 
r, 47 m. S. by ^y. NiLshville. 

Big C.v>-e, p. o., Bt. Landry par., Za. : 5S m. 'W. Baton 
Eouge. 

Big Cedar, p. o., Jackson co., Mo. : 123 m. W. by N. 
Jefferson City. 

Big Clifty, p. c, Hardin co., A'y. ; G7 m. "W". by S. 
Frankfort, 

Big Creek, p. o., rhili|)s co., Arl: : 62 m. E. S. E. Little 
Eock. 

Big Creek, p. o., Fort Bend, Ttw.: ICiS m. E. by 9. 
Austin City. 

Big Creek, p. o., Forsyth co., Ga. : S3 m. N. W. Mil- 
IeJo;eville. 

Big Creek, p. o., Eapldes par., Za. : 107 m. N. W. Baton 
Eouge. 

Big Creek, p. o., Johnsoa CO., Mo. : S3 m. W. Jefferson 
City. 

r.iG Creek, p. o., Stokes co., A'". Car.: 102 m. W. by N. 
Ealeigh. 

Big Creetk, p. o., Tallabusha co., Mm.: 107 m. N. by 
E. Jackson. 

Big Creek, p. c, Shelby co-, Tenti. .- on a cr. so called, 
Vj> ni. "W. by S. Nashville. 

Big Cehuc, p. o., Ed^reflcld dist., .SI Car.: 53 m. W, 
Columbia. 

BiGELOw's Mills, p. o., La Porte co., Ind. : 131 m. N. W. 
Indianapolis. 

Big Falls, p. c, Orange co., K. Car. : 31 m. "W. by N. 
Ealeigh. 

Big Flattr, t. and p. o., Chemung co.. A'. Y.: on Che- 
mung r., 193 m. W. S. W. Albany. The N. Y. and Erie 
E. E. passes through the t, 293 m. from New York City, and 
17i5 m. from Dunkirk; also the navigable feeder of the 
Chemung Canal. Pop. 1,709. 
Big Foot Pk^urie, p. o., Walworth co.. Wi.sc. 
Big Glades, p. c, Kussell co., Virg.: 2^7 m. W. by S. 
Eiehmond. 

Big Hill, p. o., Madison co., A'y. ; 51 m. 3. E. Frank- 
fort. 

Big Hollow, p. o., Greene co., K T.: 39 m. S. "W. 
Albany. 

Bi6 IsLAXD. t. and p. v., Marion co., Ohio. : 4S m. N. by 
■W. Columbus. Pop. 004. 

Big Island, p. o., Bedford co., Virg., 113 m. W. by S. 
Richmond. 

Big Laurel, p. o., Yauccy co., X. Car. : on a cr. so call- 
ed, 219 m. W. Ealeigh. 

Big Lick, p. o., Eoanoke co., Tirg.: 13G m. W. by S. 
Richmond. 

Big Meadow, p. o., Grayson co., Ylrg. : 217 m. "W. S. "W. 
Richmond. 

Big Mills, p. o., Dorchester co., Md.: on Chicamaco- 
mico cr, 69 m. S. E. Annapolis. 
Big Neck, p. o., Adams co., TU. : 89 m. "W. Springfleld. 
Big Oak, p. o., Kemper co., MUs.: 102 m. E. N. E. 
Jackson. 



Big I'LAiiN, p. 0., Madison co., Ohio: 'Mi m. S. W. 
Columbus. 

Big Pond, p. o., Fayette Co., Ala. : I;j3 m. N. W. Mont- 
gomery. 

Big Pkairie, p. o., "WajTie oo., Ohio: 47 ra. N. E. 
Columbus. 

Big Keady, p. o., Edmondson oo., A'y. .• luS m. 8. W. 
Frankfort. 

Big I;iver Mill^^, p. a, St. Francois co.. Mo.: 9S m. 
E. S. E. JetTL-rsun City. 

Big Eock, p. o., Kane co.. III. : on a cr. so called, a trib- 
utary of Eock r., SOS m. N. E. Springfield. 

Big Sandy river: rises in the Alleghany Mountains, near 
the head waters of the Tennessee and Cumberland rivers, 
ami falls into the Ohio between Virginia and Kentucky, 
being tlie bnmuiary between these Stales for nearly 200 m. 
It is navigable to the Wascioto Mountains. The E. and W. 
branches join about 40 m. above its entrance to the Ohio. 

Big Skin Creek, p. o., Lewis co., Virg.: 1^7 m. W. N. 
W. Eiehmond. 

Big Si'RiNG, p. o., Marshall co., Ala.: 143 m. N. Mont- 
gomery. * 

Bui String, p. o., Pocahontas co., Virg. : 14T m. W. by 
N. Eiehmond. 

Bn? Si'RiKG, p. o., Breckenridge co., A"y. ; S5 m. W. S. W. 
Franklin. 

Big Spring, ]>. o., Cumberland co., Penn. : 42 m. N. E. 
I-Iarrist)urg. 

Big Si'ki.vo, p. o., Montgomery co., Mo.: 47 m. N. E. 
Jeffer.son City. 

Big Spuing, p. o., Ottawa CO., MicJi. : 57 m. W. by N. 
Lansing. 
Big Spring, p. o., Wilson co., Temt. : 20 m. E. Nashville. 
Big Speing, p. o., Shelby co.^IU.: 67 m. S. E. Sprmg- 
fleld. 

BiG^ Springs, p. o., La Porte co., Ind. : 12s m. N. W. 
Indianapolis. 

Big Strea-m Point, p. o., Yates co., y. T. : 1>>7 ni. W. 
Albany. 

Big Swamp, p. o., Columbus co., A'; Ca7\: 117 m. S. B. 
Ealeigh. 

Big Tree Coen-ebs, p. o., Erie co.. A". T. : 349 m. W. 
Albany. 

Big Woods, p. o., Calcasieu par., Za. : 130 m. W. Baton 
Eouge. 

Big Woods, p. o., Du Page co., III. : 193 m. N. E. 
Springfield. 

BiLLERirA, t. and p. v., Middlesex co., Ma-is.: on Con- 
cord and Shawaheen r., IS m. N. W. Boston. Tlie Mld.De- 
sex Canal and Lowell and Boston E. E. pa-is through the E. 
part of the town. Jt» manufactures are large, and its 
lacilities for increasing them immense. Pop, 1,0I(). 
Bplling's Grove, p. c, Livingston co., III.: S7 m. N. E. 

Springfield. 

BiLLiNGSVTLLE, p. V., Union CO., Ind.: 69 m. E. Indian- 
apolis. 

EiLosi, p. v., Harrison co., Miss. : on Point Caddo, of 
Bibfxi Bay, 149 m. S. by E. Jackson. The ''Sea-sborc 
Sentinel" is issued weekly. 

BiLoxr, p. v., Newton co,, Tex.: 232 m. E. Austin City. 

BiNGHAii, t. and p. o., Somerset co.. Me.: on E. side of 
Kennebec r., 42 m. N. Augusta. Pop. 7.52. 

BiNGn.wi, t. and p. v.. Putter co., Penn.: 1G9 m. N. W. 
Harrisburg. 

BiNGiiAMPTON, p. v., Le© CO., III.: 132 ni. N. l>y E. 
Springfield. 

BiNGHAMPTON, p. V., and cap. Broome co., K. Y. : at the 
junction of the Chenango and Susquehanna r. It is one 
of the most important inland villages of the State. The 
New York and Erie E. E. passes through it, 225 ni. from 
New York City, and it is the S. terminus nf the Chenango 
Ciinal. Eailroads will also be built from this point to 
Albany, Utiea, and Syracuse. Four papers are published 

67 



BIN 

in the village— 1 daily and 3 weetly. The v. is handsomely 
laid out, and has several fine buildings and bridges. Its 
trade with the surrounding country is Tery extensive, and 
is constantly increasing. 

BiNKLEv's Brihge, p. o., Laucastef CO., Peim.; 37 m. 
S. E. Ilarrisburg. 

BiRcuARDTiLLE, p. V., SusquchauDa CO., PeTvn. ; 134 m. 
N. E. Ilarrisburg. 

BiRooErrevii.i.E, p. v., Cleveland co^ JT. Oar. : 139 m. S, 
W. Raleigh. 

BiEon Pond, p. o., Crawford CO., M>. : 53 m. S. E. Jef- 
ferson City. 

BiEcn ErvHE, p. 0., Nicholas CO., Vlrg. : 185 m. W. by 
N. Kichmond. 
BiED, p. o., Hillsdalo co., Mich. : 67 m. S. Lansing. 
BiEDSAll., t. and p. o., Alleghany Co., X Y. : on Black 
cr., 231 m. W. by S. Albany. Pop. 507. 

BmnsBOROCon, p. v., Berks co., /Vnn, ; 6'2 m. E. by N. 
Harrisburgh. 

Bisn'8 Run, p. 0., Guernsey co., Ohio : 83 m. E. N. E. 
Columbus. 

BiEDsviLLE, p. v., Burke co., Ga. : 81 m. E. Milledge- 
Tiile. 

BiEMEianAM, p. v., Jackson co., Ala. ; 163 m. N. Mont- 
gomery. 

BiEjnsGHAJi, p. v., Pontotoc co., 3Im. : 163 m. N. N. E. 
Jackson. 

BiE,in.vGnAM, p. v., Schuyler co., Ill : on the W. side of 
Crooked cr. of Illinois r., 72 m. N. W. Springfleld. 

BiEMisonAii, p. v.. Van Biu-en co., la. ; 67 m. S. by W. 
Iowa City. 

BmMlSGnAM, p. T., Oakland co., Mich.: 70 m. E. by S. 
Lansing. It lies on the Detroit and I'ontiac li. 1;.,1S m. 
from the former place. 

BntMn(GnA.M, p. v., Erie co., Ohio : on W. side of Ver- 
million r., 96 m. N. Columbus. 

BiKMiNGHAM, p. V., Huntingdon co., Penn. : on W. 
branch of Little Juniata r., 96 tn. N. W. by W. Ilarrisburg. 
Lead and iron abound in the vicinity. 

Bishop Hill, p. v., Henry co.. III. : 98 m. N. by TT. 
Springfield. 

BisuoprrLLE, p. v., Sumter dist, S. Car. : 63 m. N. E. by 
E. Columbia. 

BiBSELL, p. 0., Calhoun co.. III. : 70 m. W. S. "W. Spring- 
field. 

Bbsel's, p. o., Geauga co., Ohio: 133 m. N. E. Co- 
lumbus. 

Brvi.NGsviLU!, p. v., Spartanburg dist., S. Car.: 89 m. 
N. W. Columbia. 

Blackdkeey, p. o., Sane co., lU. : 201 m. N. E. Spring- 
field. 
Black Bmn, p. o., Newcastle co., Del. .• 15 m. N. Dover. 
Black Bbook, t, and p. o., Clinton co., A'. Y. : on Saranac 
and An Sable r., and Black Br., 125 m. N. Albany. P. 2,525. 
Black Ckeek, p. o., Scriven co., Oa. ; 111 m. E. by S. 
Milledgeville. 

Black Ceeek, p. o., Luzerne co., Perm. : 93 m. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Black Ceeek, p. o., Sullivan co., Iiul. : on a cr. of 
■Wabash r., so called, S3 m. S. W. Indianapolis. 

Black Ceeek, p. o., Holmes co., Ohio : 68 m. N. E. 
Columbus. 

Black Creek, p. v., Alleghany co., A\ Y.: on a cr. so 
called, 229 m. W. by 8. Albany. 

Black Ceeek, p. o., Wayno co., I^. Car. : id m. S. E. 
r.alfigh. 

Black Earth, p. o., Dane co., Wise. : on a river so 
called, 13 m. TV. Madison. 

Black Face, p. c, Nottoway co., Tirff. : 47 m. S. TV. 
Eiehmond. 

Blackfoed county, Irtd. Situate N. E., and contains 169 
sq. ra. Surface level, but in some parts gently undulating, 
and the soils are excellent for farming purposes ; watered 
6S 



BLA 

by the Salamonie and Lick rivers. Timber abuurUuil 
Farms 306 ; manuf. 6 ; dwell. 514, and pop.— wh. 2,3W. fr. 
col. 11— total, 2,860. Capital: Hartford. 

Black Foek, p. o., Hancock CO., iy. ; on a cr, so caUed, 
114 m. W. Frankfort. 

Black Hawk county, la. Situate N. E. centrallv, and 
contains 766 sq. m. Drained by Cedar r. and its creeks. 
Surface undulating prairie, with some wood land. Farms 
9 ; manut 1 ; dwell. 26, and pop.— wh. 135. fr. ool. 0— toial, 
lS&—Capikil: Cedar Falls. 

Black Hawij, p. o., Carroll CO., Mi^.: on Abyaca cr. of 
Tazoo cr., 69 m. N. Jackson. 

Black Hawk, p. o., Beavw oo., Penn.: 197 m. W. Ilar- 
risburg. 

BLACKHE-rn (/ormerli/ Coal Mixes), p. o., Chesterfield 
CO., rirg. : 12 m. W. Kichmond. 

Black Hill, p. o., Kaufman CO., Tfx. ; 310 m. N. N. E. 
Austin City. 

Black Hole, p. o., Lycoming CO., Penn. : S3 ni. N. by 
W. Ilarrisburg. 

Black Hoese, p. o., Chester co., Penn.: M m. S. E. 
Ilarrisburg. 

BLACJt Hoese, p. o., Middlesex co., K Jer. : 27 m 
E. N. E. Trenton. 

Black Jack, p. o., Fayette co., Tex. : at tho head waters 
of Navldad r., 02 m. 8. E. Austin City. 

Black Jack. p. o., Scott co., Ark. : 100 m. W. Little 
Rock. 

Black Jack, p. o., De Soto par., La. : 137 m. N. W. 
Baton Rouge. 

Black Jack Grove, p. o., Hopkins co., Tii, : 256 m. 
N. N. E. Austin City. 

Black Lake, p. o., SL Lawrence co., JK r. .• on a lake so 
called, 152 m. N. E. Albany. Black Lake is a fine sheet of 
water, lying nearly parallel with the St. LaWTence r. ; at ita 
S. end it receives Indian r., and at ila N. end empties into 
Osweghatehie r., at the mouth of which is Ogdensburg, tho 
W. terminus of tho Northern E. E. 

Black Lajo), p. o., Tishemiugo co.. Miss. ; 193 m. N. E. 
Jackson. 

Black Lick, p. o., Indiana co., Penn. : 126 m. "VT. by N. 
Harrisburg. 

Black Mingo, p. o., Williamsburg dist, S. Car. : 77 m 
E. S. E. Columbia. 

Black Oak, p. o., Charleston dist., K. Car. : on an island 
so called of Santee r.. 61 m. E. 9. E. Columbia. 

Black Oak GkovB, p. o., Uardemau co., Tmn. : 139 m 
S. W. Nashville. 

Black Oak Pom-f, p. o., Hickory co., Mo. : 68 m. S. W. 
JcQerson City. 

Black river, N. T. : the third in Size wholly within the 
State. It rises in Herkimer co., has a course of 108 m., and 
empties into Blaek-rivcr Bay, at tho foot of Lake Ontario. 
At Leyden it falls 63 feet, whence to Carthage, 40 m., the r. 
is navigable for boats, but below to its mouth navig.ition is 
obstructed by rapids. From the falls, at Leyden, the Black 
River Canal extends S. to the Erio Canal at' Rome. 

Black Eitee, p. o., Jefferson co.. If. Y. : 133 m. N. TV. 
Albany. 

Black Ritee, t. and p. v., Lorain co., Oltio : on Black r. 
and Lake Erie, 108 m. N. N. E. Columbus, The v. has a 
good harbor and considerable trade. Pop. of I. 659. 

Black Eives Chapel, p. o.. New Hanover CO., X. Car.: 
79 m. S. by E. Raleigh. 

Black Ritee Falls, p. o.. La Crosse co., Wi-so. : US m 
N. W. Madison. 

Black Rock, t. and p. o., Erio co., If. K ; on Lake Erie, 
2.3S m. W. Albany. The city of Buflido is surrounded on 
three sides by the town. Several islands in the Niag.ara r. 
belong to Black Rock. Railroads extend hence to Niagara 
Falls and to Buffalo. Pop..7..'i08. 

Black Rook, p. o., Rappahannock co., Yirg. : 93 m. 
N. N. W. Richmond. 



BLA 



BLI 



Bla< ks ami Wuiti:^, p. o.. Nottuway, co., Virg.: 32 in. 
S. ^y. Kichmoml. 

Blacic's Bluff, p. v., Wilcox co., Ala. : on jUabama r., 
73 ui. S. W. Muiitgomcry. 

Blaoksuuiuui. p. v., Montgomery co., Virg. : oa a cr. of 
Now r., 179 in. \V. by ^. Kiohinond. 

Bi-ACKsniRES, p. o., Muriuii co., Vi/y: 207 m. N. W. 
liiehmond. 

Blackstocks, p. 0., Chester dist., S. C<ir. : on Charleston 
and South Carolina K. K., 41 m. N. by W. Colunil>ia. 

Black's Stoee, p. o., Tippah co., J/ias. ; 171 m. N. by E. 
Jackson. 

Blackstone (or Pawtucket) river: rises in Mass., and 
disembognes into Providence r., whore it famishes immense 
hydraulic power, and has been much used for manufactur- 
ing purposes. The Blackstone Canal, from Worcester to 
Providence, 45 m., follows the valley of this r. : it was 
completed in 1S29, and cost about $700,000. 

Blackstone, p. t-, Worcester co., Mu^s. : 33 m. S. W. 
Boston. Pop. 4,422. 

Black Swamp, p. o., Sandusky co., O/n'o: 92 m. N. by 
W. Columbus. 

Blacksville, p. v., Monongalia co., Vlri/. : near the 
Stale line, 217 m. N. W. liiehmond. 

Blacksville, p. v.. Barnwell dist., S. Ciir. : on the line 
of the South Carolina 11. K., 90 m. from Charleston, and 
49 m. S. S. W. Columbia. 

Black Walnut, p. o., Halifax co., Virff. : 100 m. S. W. 
Eiehmond. 

Black Warrioe river, Ala. ; Is formed of two head 
branches, Locu.st fork, or E. Branch, and Mulberry r., which 
unite in 8. W. part of Jackson co. Below the junction the 
r. has a general S. and S. W. direction, SO m. to the Tom- 
bigbee r., which it meets iu the 8. of Greene co. Steam- 
boats navigate to Tuscaloosa ; and for boats there is sufli- 
ciont water much farther. The whole IcnglU of the r. is 
about 160 m. 

Blaci; Water, p. 0., Sussex co., Virg. : G7 m. S. S. E. 
Kichniond. 

Black Water, p. o,, Sussex co., Z>t/,; 51 m. S. Dover, 

Black Watek, p. o., Kemiier co., Jfiss. ; 104 m. E. N. E. 
Jack.son. 

Black Watek, p. o., Morgan co., Ay. ; 9S m. E. by S. 
Frankfort 

Blackwell*8 Islantj : in East r., between New York 
and Long Itland. The City Penitentiary, Lunatic Asylum, 
<?tc., are located on the island. 

Black Wolf, p. o., Winnebago co., Wise. : on Winne- 
bago Lake, 73 m. N. N. E. Madison, 

Blackwood Town, p. v., Camden co., 2^. Jer. : 37 m. 
S. Trenton. 

Bladen county, K Car. Situate S. E. on Cape Fear r., 
and contains 1,080 sq. m. Surface low and swampy. In- 
dian corn, rice, cotton, and tar are produced. Farms 4-SG ; 
raanuf. 01 ; dwell. 1,005, and pop.— wli. 5,055, fr. col. S54, 
si. 4,35S— total, 9,767. Capital: Elizabeth. 

Bladen-sbcrg, p. v., Prince George's co., Jfd. : on the 
Washington Branch R. P., 7 m. from Washmgton, 33 from 
Baltimore, and 22 m. W. Annapolis. 

Bladensbuko, p. 0., Knox co., Ohio:4S m. N. N. E. 
Columbus. 

- Bladon Speings, p. 0., Choctaw co., Ala.: 121 m. W. by 
by S. Montgomery. 

Blain, p. o., Perry co., Pejm. : 21 m. W. Ilarrisburg. 

Blaise, p. v.. Lawrence co., Ki/.: on Blaine cr., 153 
m. E. FnmkforL 

Blain's Ceoss PoAns, p. o., Grainger co., Temi. : 4 m. 
N. Ilolstcn r., and 181 m. E. Nashville. 

Blaiu county, Pom. Situate centrally, and contains C;U 
«1. m. Drained by liead streams of Juniata r. Surface 
mountainous, diversified by extensive valleys: soils ordina- 
rily fertile. Farms 826 : manuf. 130 ; dwell. 3,718, and pop. 
— wh. 21,517, fr. cob 260-lolal, 21,777. Capital: UoUi- 



dayh.burg. Fuhlic Wnrks : Pennsylvania Canal and 
li. K. 

Blair FrnxACE, p. o,, Blair co., Peun: ST in. W. by N. 
Ilarrisburg. 

BLAin's Ferp.y, p. o., Roane co., 7'enii.: 108 m. E. by S. 
Na.shville. 

Blaihstown, p. v., Warren co., K. t/^r. : 61 ul N. by W. 
Trenton. Pop. of 1. 1,405. 

Blaiiesville, p. v., and cap. Union co., Ga.: on NolU-y 
cr., lis m. N. N. W. Milledgeville. 

Blairsville, p. v., Posey co., Iiid. : on Big cr. of Wabash 
r., 117 in. S. W. Indianapolis. 

Blairsville. p. v., Indiana co., Pain.: on Kiskinimitas 
r., and on the lino of Pennsylvania K. E., 193 m. from 
Harrisburg, an<i 58 from Pittsburg. Pop. 1,512. 

Blairsville, p. v., York tlist., i'. Car. : 8S m. N. by E. 
Columbia. 

BlasElky, t. and p. v.. Lucerne co., Pe7in. : on Lacka- 
waimock r., lOS m. N. E. Harrisburg. 

Blakely, J). v., soa-port, and cap. Baldwin co., Ala.: on 
the E. side of Tensaw r., opposite Mobile. The harbor ad- 
mits vessels drawing U feet water, and is in many respects 
superior to that of Moltile. 

Blakely. p. v., and cap. Early co., Ga.: 134 m. S. W, 
Milledgeville. 

Blakely, p. v., Stokes co., N. Car.: 108 m. W. by N. 
Ilaleigh. 

Blakssbuug, p. v., Wapello co., la. : 62 m. S. W. Iowa 
City. 

Blanc, p. o., Lucas co., Ohio : 122 m. N. N. W. Co- 
lumbus. 

Blanche, p. o., Lafayette co., Mo.: 0.3 m. W. by N. 
Jefferson City. 

Blanciiard, f, and p. v., Piscatafiuis co., Me. : on Pis- 
oata'juis r., 57 m. N. Augusta. Pop. 192. 

Blanchard Briuue, p. v., Ilaneoek co., Ohio: on Blan- 
charil cr., ST m. N. by W. Columbus. 

Blanxuester, p. v., Clinton oo,, Ohio: on Cincinnati 
and Hillsborough li. li., 39 m. from Cincinnati and 66 in. 
S. W. Columbus. 

Blanoensville, p. v., M'Donougli co., III.: on Decker's 
cr., Si ra. N. W. Spriugliehl. 

Blandvillb, p. v., and cap. Ballard co., Kij.: on N. aide 
of Mayfields r.. 243 in. W. Fraukf-.rt. 

Blanford, t. aiirl p. v., Hampden co., Mafts. : on branch- 
es of Wesindd r., 90 m. W. by S. Boston. Pop. 1,41S. 

Blanket Hill, p. o., Arm.struDg co., Penn.: 12-3 m. W. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Blauveltville, p. v., Koekland co., AC Y. : on the line 
of the New York and Eric P. P., 4 ui. W. Piermont aud 
106 m. S. Albany. 

BLAWENjiuucn, p. v., Somerset co,, 2f. Jer.: 16 m. 
N. N. E. Trenion. 

Bleckeil, t. and p. o.. Fulton co., N. T.: on Garoga er. 
and Stony cr. of Saot^ndaga r., 46 m. N. W. Albany. Ga- 
roga and Fish lakes are in this town. Pop. 511. 

Bledsoe county, Tenn. Situate S. E. centrally, and con- 
tains 520 sq. m. Drained by Sequalc^iy r., its creeks, (be 
head waters of Coney fork of Cumberland r., and of Eme- 
ry's r. of Ihi> Clinch. Considerable hills bountl tlie valley 
of Scquatchy r., which runs through the county in a N. and 
S. dircclion. The grains, tnbaceo, and cotton are produced. 
Farms 325; manuf. 2; dwell. 854, and pop.— uh. 5,042, ir. 
col. 90, si. 827— total, 5,959. Cajntal: Pikeville. 

Bledsoe's Landincj, p. o., Crilten<len co., Arl. : 131 m. 
E. N. E. Little Pock. 

Elendon, t and p. v., Franklin co., Ohio: on Alum and 
Big Walnut or., upper branches of Scioto r., 10 m. N. by E. 
Columbus. I'op. 1.323. 

Blenheim, 1. and p. v., Schoharie co., K. 1'. ; on Sehr>- 
liarie r., 85 m. S. W. Albany. Pop. 1,314. 

Bunk Bonny, p. o., St. Lawrence co, K. Y. : 13S m. 
N. K. Albany. 

C9 



13U 



BLU 



Ulisu's Mills, p. o., Fraukliu co., Mo. : OJ m. E. Jcffcr- 
8«vi City. 

Blissfield, t and p. v., Lenawee co., ^fU■?l. : on Eaisin 
r., and on the line of the Erie and Kalamazoo II, K., 22 in. 
from Toledo, and 74 m. S. E. Lansing. I'op. 9^ 

Blissville, p. v., Marshall co., Ind. : luG m. N. Indian- 
apolis. 

EussviLLE, p. v., JetTcrson co. IlL: 108 m. S. by E. 
Springfield. 

BnvEN MiLi^, p. c, M'ilenry co., HI. : Vil m. N. R 
Springtield. 

Block House, p. c, ScoU co., Yirg. : 257 m. W. by S. 
Kichinond. 

Block Isla>'d lies in the Atlantic Ocean 14 m. S. S. Vf. 
Judith Point. It constitutes the t of New Shoroham, 
Newport CO., S. I., and is S m. long and from 2 to 4 l>road. 
The surtaoe is unevon and occasionally elevated, and the 
soils sandy and gravelly loam moderately fertile. There 
are several ponds on the island. Formerly it was noted 
for its tiue cattle and dairies, but at the present time it is 
chiefly occupied by tishermen. 

Blockville, p. v., Chautauque co., ^V. Y. : 283 m. "W. S. 
"W. Albany. 

Bloodget Mills, p. c, Cortland co., 2i. Y.: 119 m. W. 
Albany. 

Blood's Point, p. o., De Kalb co., IH. : 242 m. N. by E. 
Springtield. 

Bloody Kun, p. o., Bedford co., Penn.: on Eaystown 
cr., 87 ra. W. S. W. Ilarrisbnrg. 
Bloom, p. o.. Cook co., III. : 251 ra. N. E. Springfield. 
Bloom, p. o., Kush Co., Ind.: 33 m. E. by S. Indian- 
apolis. 

Bloomfield, t. and p. v., Hartford co., C&mi. : on "Wood 
r., 7 m. N. W. Hartford. Pop. 1,421. 

Bloomfield, p. v., and cap. Greene co., Ind. : on the E. 
side of the W. fork of Wliile r., 65 m. B. W. Indianapolis. 
Bloomfield, p. v., Edgar co., III. : 152 ra. E. Springfield. 
Bloomfield, p v., Kemper co., Miss.: 93 m, E. N. E- 
Jackson. 

Bloomfield, p. v., and cap. Da-i'ia co., la.: 73 m. 
S. W. Iowa City. 

Bloosifield, p. v.. Nelson co., Ky. : 83 m. S. "W, Frank- 
fctft. 

Bloomfield, t. and p. o., Somerset co., Me. : on the Ken- 
nebec r., 29 ra. N. Augusta. Pop. 1,301. 

Bloomfield, p. v., and cap. Stoddart co., Mo. : 163 m. 
S. E. Jefl'erson City. 

Bloomfield, t. and p. v., Essex co., IT. Jer. : 49 m. N. E. 
Trenton. The v. is one of the most flourishing of the 
State. Pop. of t 3,3S5. 

Bloomfield, t. and p. v., Morrow co., Ohio : 51 m. N. by 
E. Columbus. Pop. 1,443. 

Bloomfield, t. and p. v., Cniwford co., Perm. : 197 m. 
N. W. Harrisburg. 

Bloomfield, p. v., Loudon co., Virg. : on Goose cr., 102 
m. N. by W. Itichmond. 

Bloomfield, t. and p. v., Essex co., Venn : on "W. side of 
Connecticut r., and drained by branches of Nulhegan r., 
63 m. N. E. Montpelier. Pop. 244. 

Bloo-mfield, t. and p. v., Walworth co., Wise. : in S. E. 
corner of eo., 67 ni. S. E. Madison. Pop. S79. 

Bloomingbuegh, p. v., Sullivan co., A'. Y. : 82 m. S. S. "W. 
Albany. 

BLooMisGBUTiGn, p. V., Fayctto co., Oliio: on a branch 
of Paint cr., 31 m. S, S. W. Columbus. 

Bloominqdale, p. v., Passaic co.. If. Jer. : 63 m, N. E. 
Trenton. 

Bloomingdale, p. v., Cabel co., Vii'g. : 254 m. W. by N. 
Ricbmond. 

Bloomingdale, p. v., Du Page co., 77/. ; 247 m. N. E. 
Springfield. 

Bloomingdale, p. v., Jefferson co., Ohio: 102 m. E. by 
N Columbus. 
70 



Bloomusg Grove, p. o., Franklin co., I/ul.: 62 ra. E. by 
S. Indianapolis. 

Blooming Gbove, t and p. o.. Orange co., A'". Y. : on 
Murderer's cr., 86 m. S. Albany. Newburg Branch li. II. 
traverses the N. "W. part of the t., and on the S. E. is the 
Scunnecunk mt. Pop. 2,184. 

Blooming Grove, p. o., Montgomery co., Tenn. : on a 
cr. so called, 49 m. W. by N. Nashville. 

Bloomings PORT, p. o., Eandolph co., Iiid. : 64 m. E. by 
N. Indianapolis. 

Bloomington, t. and p. v., "Winnebago co., Wise. : 63 m. 
S. E. Madison. Pop. 900. 

Bloomington, p. v., and cap. Monroe co., Iiid.: on the 
line of the New Albany and Salem Extension E. B., 106 ra. 
from New Albany, and 46 m. S. "W. Indianapolis. The 
Indiana University is looated here; and the new.spapers 
published in the v. %re the " Reporter" and the " Herald," 
weekly, and the " Christian Record," monthly. 

Bloomington, p. v., Clinton co., Ohio: 57 m. S. W. 
Columbus. 

Bloomingtox, p. v., and cap. M'Lean co., lU. : S3 m. 
N. E. Springfield. The Illinois Central K. R., and the 
Chicago and Mississippi E. R. will intersect at this poinl. 

Bloomington, p. v., Morgan co., Ay. ; 102 m. E. 
Frankfort. 

Bloomington, p. v., and cap. Macon co.. Mo. : on middle 
fork of Chariton r., and on the line of the Hannibal and 
Missouri R. R., 86 m. N. Jefferson City. The "■ Bloomington 
Gazette" is published weekly. 

Bloomington. p. v., Tipton co., Tejm. : IGl m. "W. S. "W. 
Nashville. 

Blooming Valley, p. o., Crawford co., Penn.: 197 m. 
N. "W. Harrisburg. 

Bloomingville, p. 0., Erie co., Ohio: 97 m. N. by E. 
Columbus. 

BLOOMSBrBGn, p. v., Halifax CO., Virg.: on S. E. side 
of the Dan r., 117 m. S. W. Richmond. 

ELooMSBURcn, p. v., and cap. Columbia co., Penn. : on 
the E. or main branch of Susquehanna r., 69 m. N. by E. 
Harrisburg. It is a thriving village on the North Branch 
Canal, and publishes two newspapers, the " Columbia 
Democrat," and the " Star of the North." Pop. 1,515. 

Bloomsbury, p. v., Vrarren co., H. Jer. : on Musconecong 
cr., 32 m. N. by W. Trenton. 

Bloomtille, p. v., Delaware CO., K. Y. : on the W. side 
of the W. branch of Delaware r., 57 m. S. "W. Albany. 

Bloomville, p.v.. Will CO., 111. : on Rock cr., of Kankakee 
r., 240 ra. N. E. Springfield. 

Bloomville, p. v., Seneca co., Ohio : 73 m. N. Colum- 
bus. 

Blossburg, p. v., Tioga co., Penn. : 100 m. N. by "W. 
Harrisburg. Bituminous coal, of excellent quality, abounds 
in the vicinity, and great facilities have been arranged for 
its transport to market by railroad and canal. 

Blossom Hill, p. o., Caddo parish, La. : 235 m. N. "W. 
Baton Rouge. 

Blount county, Ala. Situate N. centrally, and contains 
940 sq. m. Drained by Locust and Mulberry forks of Black 
"Warrior r. Surface various— in the S. rolling and uneven, 
and in the N. somewhat hilly : soils of average! fertiJity. 
"Wheal, Indian corn, and cotton are the staple growths. 
Farms 753; manuf. 9; dwell. 1,127, and pop.— wli. 6,941, Ir. 
col. 0, si. 4a6~total, 7,367. CapiUd: Blountsville. 

Blount county, Tenn. Situate E. on the State line, and 
contains 810 sq. m. Drained by tributaries of Tennessee r., 
which lies on the "W. border. Surface uneven — broken and 
hilly on the E., and the soils generally fertile. Iron is found 
herein. The products are the grains, with some tobacco 
and cotton. Farms 976 ; manuf. 3S ; dwell. 1,992, and pop. 
— wh. 11,183, fr. col. 115, si. l,0S4^total, 12,852- Capital: 
Maysville. 

Blount's Creek, p. o., Beaufort co., S. Car.: 92 m. 
E. S. E. Raleigh. 



BLO 



r.r.oDNT'6 Fkekv, p. 0., Columbia co., /'tor. / 03 m. E. 
Tallahassee. 

Blofnt's Speino, ji. 0., Blonnt CO., Ala. : 119 m. N. 
Montgomery. 

BLonsTSTOWN, p. v., Carlhoim Co., Flor. : 66 m. S. "W. 
TalHibassee. 

Bi.ouNTsnLiE, p. v., and cap. Blonnt CO., Ala.: on a 
cr. of Mulberry fork of Black Warrior r., 117 m. N. Mont- 
comery. 

" Blountstilie, p. v., Henry co., Inrl. : 52 m. E. by N. 
Indianapolis. 

BLOU.NTS-nLLE, p. v.. and cap. Sullivan co., Teim. 

Bj.de Ball, p. c, Cecil co., Ml. : M m. N. E. Annapolis. 

Blue Ball, p. o., Bullcr co., Ohio: 93 m. S. \Y. Colum- 
bus. 

Blue Ball, p. o., Lancaster co., Pnin. : 43 m. S. E. 
narrisbnrff. 

Blue Bell, p. o., Montgomery co,, r-'nii. : 91 m. E. 
Harrisburj?. 

Blue Cbeek, p. o., Adams co„ (>7ih: on a cr. so called 
of Ohio r., S3 m. S. S. W. Columbus. 

Blue Creek, p. c, Habersham co., Ga.: 119 m. N. E. 
Milledgeville. 

Blue Ceeee, p. o.. Pike co., Ala. : 37 m. S. Mont- 
gomery. 

Blue Ckeee, p. o., Franklin Co., Tin!.: C4 m. E. S. E. 
Indianapolis. 

Blue Eye, p. o., Benton co., AI:i.: 90 m. N. N. E. 
Monlgi>mery. 

Blue Grass, p. o., Pcott co., Ta. : -19 m. E. Iowa City. 

Blue Gkass, p. c, Fulton co., Intl. : 87 m. N. Indian- 
apolis. 

Blub ITill, f. and p. o., Hancock Co., Me. : on a bay 
formed between the mainland anrl Mt. Desert Jsland,29 m. 
S. E. Augusta. From a bill near the v. a most splendid 
view of the surrounding scenery is presented. Pop. 1,9,39. 

Blue Hill, p. 0., \Yilliam8on CO., ?<». : 31 m, N. Austin 
City. 

Blue House, p. o., CoUeton dist,, S. Car. : 76 m. S. by W. 
Coluinbin. 

Blue Lick, p. 0., Franklin CO., Ala.: 163 m. N. W. 
Montgomery. 

Blue Lick, p. o., Clark CO., Ind. : 91 m. S. S, E. 
Indianapolis. 

Blue Lick Springs, p. o., Nicholas co., Ki/. : on S. side 
ofLickingr., 61 m. E. Frankfort. 

Blue Mouxd, t. and p. o., Dane CO., TTisc. : 21 m. W. S. W. 
Madison. Pop.'315. 

Blue Mountais, p. o., Northumberland co., Pe:iii. 

Blue Plum, p. o., Washington Co., Teiin.: 193 m. E. 
Nashville. 

Blue"9 PoniT, p. o., Crittenden CO., Ark. : 129 m. E. N. E. 
Little Eock. 

Blue Posd, p. o., Cherokee co., Ala. : 139 m. N. E. 
Montgomery. 

Blue Eidge, or South Mountain: the eastern ridge of 
the Alleghany Mountains, which branches oft from the 
main range in North Carolina, and crosses the States of Vir- 
ginia. Maryland, etc., and extends to the highlands of the 
Hudson r. The Peaks of Otter, in Virginia, the highest 
part of the ridge, have an elevation of nearly 4,0110 feet ; 
and there are other peaks of not much less an altitude. 

Blue Eidoe, p. o., Botetourtco., Virg. : 116 m. W. Eich- 
mond. 

Blue ErooE, p. o., Tnoccy Co., N. Car. : 193 m. W. 
Ealeigh. 

Blue Eidge, p. o., GUmer co., Ga. : Kl m, N. W. Mil- 
ledgeville. 

Blue Ridge, p. c, Shelby CO., Iml. : 29 m. S. E. Indran- 
apolis. 
Blur Euver, p. o., Iowa co.. Wittc. : 53 m. W. Madison. 
Blue Eock, t. and p. o., Muskingum co., Ohio : on 
Muskingum r., 66 m. E. Columbus, rop. 1,476. 



BOG 

Blue Eock, p. o., CHiester co., renn.: 03 nL S. E. Ilar- 
risburg. 

Blue Spring, p. o., Morgan CO., Ala.: 147 in. N. Mont- 
gomery. 

Blue Spring, p. o., Smyfa Co., Virg.: 210 m. W. S. W, 
Eichmond. 

Blue Spring Grove, p. o.. Barren CO., Kij.: S6 m, 
S. S. W. Frankfort. The NashvUlo and Lexington E. E, 
will probably pass near this place. 

Blue Spuings, p. o,, Jackson co,. Mo. : 116 m, W. .loITi r- 
son City. Tlic Pacific K. E. from St. Louis will [.r.ibaljly 
intersect this point. 

Blue Stone, p. o., TazowcU Co., Virg.: 2S2 m. W. 
Eichmond. 

Blue Sulphur Springs, p. o., Greenbrier co., Virg. : 
130 m. W. Eichmc.nil. These springs arc much frequented 
by invalids; tliey are sit-uate in a mountain valley, and are 
surrounded by grand and picturesque scenery. 

Blue WiNO,'p. o., Ciranville co,. A'. Car.: 71 m, N. by 
W. Ealeigh. 

Bluff, p. o., Mercer co., III. : 10.3 m, N, W, Spring- 
field, 

Bluff, p, o„ Sauk CO., Win:: 31 m. N. W, Madison. 

Bluff Dale, p. o., Greene Co., ///. ,■ 87 m, W, S. W, 
Springfield. 

Bll-ff Dale, p. c, Dcs Moines co,, la.: 52 m. S, by E. 
Iowa City. 

Blltff Point, p. o,, Yates Co., jV. 3' .' 106 m. W. 
Albany. 

Bluff Port, p. o,, Sumjitcr co,, Ala. : on the W. side of 
Tombigbee r., opposite the mouth of Black Warrior r., 92 
m. W. Montgomery. 

Bluff Spring, p. o,, Talladega CO., Ala. : 74 m. N. 
Montgciiery. 

Bluff Spring, p. o., Talbot co., Ga. : 83 m. W. by S. 
Milledgeville. 

Bluff Spring, p. o., Attala co., Misn. : on E. side of Big 
Black r,, 69 in, N, N. E, .Jackson. 

Bluff Spring, p. o., Johnson CO., Mo. : 94 m. W. -Jeffer- 
son City. 

Bluff Springs, p. o., Gibson co., Tmn. : 137 m. W. by S. 
Nashville. 

Eluffton, p. v., and cap. Wells co., Ind. : 82 m. N. E. 
Indianapolis. The '• Eepubliean Bugle" and the " B. Ban- 
ner*' are publi-shed weekly. 

Blitfton, p. o., Beaufort dist., S. Car. : 116 m. S, by W, 
Columbia. 

Blutfton, p. v., Marquette CO., WUc: 3 m, N. Green 
Lake, and 58 m. N. by E, MadisoiL 

Bluffville, p, V,, Carroll CO., III. : on the E. side of 
Mississippi r., 223 m. N. N. W. Springfield. 

Blvtue, p. o., SchuylkiU CO., rmn.: 34 m. N. E. llar- 
ri^burg. 

Blytheville, p, v,, Jasper co,, Mo. : 159 m. S. W. Jeffer- 
son City. 

BoALSBURG, p. v.. Centre co,, I'enn. : on Spring cr., 69 
m. N. W. Ilarrisburg. 

BoARDjiAN, p. v., Mahoning CO., Ohio: 131 m. N. E, 
Columbus. 

Boaf.dtree, p. o,, Cherok-ee co,, Gel.: 100 m, N. W. 
Hilledgeville. 

BoPENHAM, p. v., Giles CO., Tm?!.: 62 m. S. by W. 
N.ashville. 

Bff.TiA, p. v., Mercer Co., Ohio: 97 m. N. W. Columbus. 

BcEBFF PnAiniE, p. o., Franklin par,. La. : on W. side 
of Cypress Lake, 103 m. N W. Baton Eruge. 

BoGASsvii.i.E, p, v„ L.nion disL, A Car.: 69 in. N. by 
W. Columbia, 

lioOAED, p. o,, Daviess co,, Inil. : S9 m, S, W, Inrlian- 
apnlis. 

I'.i.fiGY Depot, p. o., Choctaw Nation, Iml. 7>r. 

BoGce EuN, ji. o.. Stark co,, /;"/,,■ 100 m, N. N, W 
I Indianapolis. 

71 



BOl 



BOO 



BoiLLNG SpBiNG, p. o., Fentress co., Tenn. : on N. side 
of Ck-iir fork of New r., 61 m. E. Nashville. 

Boiling Spkings, p. c, Benton co., Ala. : 110 m. N. by E. 
Montgomery. 

Boiling Springs, p. c, Cumberland co., Penn, : 22 m. 
W. Harrisburg. 

BoiLSTuN, p. T., Henderson co., N. Car. : on a or. of 
Frcneb Broad r. so caUed, S-2S ra. "W. S. "ff. Kaleigb. 

Bois Blanc Island: in Lake Huron, S. E. Mackinaw. 
It is 10 m. long and 3 m. wide in its greatest breadth. A 
lighthouse has been erected on the E. point. 

Boke's Ceeek, p. o., Virion co., Ohio: 32 m. N. W. 
Columbus, 

Boland's, p. 0., Itawamba co., Miss. : on "W. side of Little 
Tombigbee r., 109 m. N. E. Jackson. 

Bolen's Mili£, p. 0., Vinton co., Ohio: 53 m. S. E. 
Columbus. 

BoLTQEE, p. o., Greene co., Ala.: 105 m. W. by N. 
Montgomery. 

BoLiNGTON, p. 0., Loudon CO., Virg. : 107 m. N. Eich- 
mond. 

BoLiTAE county, Mi-ts. Situate W. on ^lisslssippi r., and 
contains 720 sq. m. Drained by Large and William's Bay- 
oux, tributaries of Sunflower r., and has several lakes. Sur- 
face mostly level or undulating, and occasionally swampy ; 
soils rich and productive. Indian com and cotton are the 
principal staples. Farms 5T ; dwell. 95, and pop. — wh. 395, 
fr. col. 2, si. 2,1S0— total, 2,577. Capital: Bolivar. 

Bolivar, p. v., Jackson co., Ala. : on N. eide of Big 
Raccoon cr., 3 m. distant, an<l 172 m. N. Montgomery. 

Bolivak, p. v., and cap. Poinsett co., Ark. : lOS m. N. E. 
Little Rock. 

Bouvar, p. v., and cap. Boliver co., Miss. : on E. side 
of Mississijjpi r., lOS m. N. N. W. Jackson. 

Bolivar, p. v., and cap. Polk co,, Mo. : on a tributary 
of Sac r. of the Osage, 89 m. S. W. Jefferson City. 

Bolivar, t. and p. v., Alleghany co.. A-' K ; on a tribu- 
tary of Oswaye cr., 223 m. "W. by S. Albany. Pop 712. 

B<>LrvAR, p. v., Tusc;u-awa3 co., 0/iio: on W. side of 
Tuscarawas r. and on the Ohio Canal, 92 m, N. E. Columlius. 

Bolivar, p. v., and cap. Hardeman co., Ten7K : on S. W. 
side of Big Hatcheo r., 14-3 m. AV. S. "W". Nash^^lIe. 

Bolster's Mills, p. c, Cumberland co., Me.: 54 m. 
B. "W. Augusta. 

Bolton, t. and p. v., Tolland co., Conn. : on tho line of 
the Providence, Hartford, and Fiahkill K. E., 16 m. E. 
Hartford. Pop. 607. 

Bolton, p. v., Williamson co.. III.: 21S m. S. by E. 
Bpringfleld. 

Bolton, t. ami p. v., Worcester co., Mass.: between 
Concord and Nashua r., 29 ra. W. by N. Boston. P. 1,2G3. 

Boltok, t. and p. v., Warren co., N. Y. : on Lako George, 
57 m. N. Albany. Pop. 1 .147. 

Bolton, t. and p. v., Chittenden co., Ycrm. : on Onktn 
r., in the valley of which the Vermont Central R. R. runs, 
17 m. N. W. Montpelier, The N. part of the town lies on 
the Green mts. Pop.. 602, 

Bolton's Dep6t, p. o., Hinds co., Miss. : on tho line of 
Vicksburg, Jackson, and Brandon R. R., 27 m. from Vicks- 
burg, and 19 W\ Jackson. 

BoLTONviLLE, p. V., Cobb CO., Ga.: 103 m. N. W. Mil- 
ledge ville. 

Bolt's Foet, p. o., Lawrence co., Ky. : 114 m. E. Frank- 
fort. 

BoMBAT, t. and p. o., Franklin co., N. Y.: on St, Regis, 
and Racket r. and several tributaries of Salmon r., 12G m. 
N. N. W. Albany. Pop. .1,903. 

Bon Aie Spkings, p. o.. White co., Tenn. : 87 m. E. by S. 
Kash ville. 

Bonaparte, p. r., Du Page co.. III.: 233 m. N. E. 
Springfield. 

Bonaparte, p. v., Yan Buren CO.. la. : on the E. side 
Dee Moines r. 66 m. S. Iowa City. 



Eon Aq-caj p. o., Hickman co^ Teim. : 52 ni. S. W, 
Nashville. 

Bond county, HI. Situate S. centrally, aiwl contains 860 
sq. m. Drained by E. and W, forks of Shoal cr,. Beaver 
cr., and other streams, affluents of the Kaskaakia. Surface 
level or undulating, chiefly prairie, intermixed with timber; 
soil exceedingly rich and productive. Farms 605; manuf. 
17 ; dwell. 1,U76, and pop.— wh. 6,136, fr. ciil. 8— total, 0,144. 
Capital: Greenville. Puhlic Works: National Road. 

Bond's Village, p. v., Uampden co., Ma-^s.: S3 m. 
W. by S. Boston. 

BoNDviLLE, p. 0., Bennington co., Verm.: 76 m. S 
Montpelier. 

Bond Creek, p. o., Ritchie co,, Virff.: 2K m. W. N. W. 
Richmond. 

BoNB Yard, p. o., Tiahemingo co., J//.vs. ; 2U6 ni. N. E. 
Jackson. 

BoNUAM, p. V , and cap. Fannin co., Tex. : on the W. side 
of Bois d'Arc r., 267 m. N. by E. Austin City. A news- 
paper, the " B. Advertiser," is published weekly. 

BoNUOMME, p. o., St. Louis CO., Mo.: 00 m. K. Jefferson 
City. 

Bonn, p. v., Washington co., Ohio: on E. side of Duck 
cr. of Ohi& r., 90 ra. E. by S. Columbus. 

Bonnet Caere (^Square Bonnet, so called from a remark- 
able bend on the r.), p. v., and cap. St. John Baptist par., 
La. : on E. side Mississippi r., 37 m. S. S. E. Baton 
Rouge. 

Bonny Doon, p. o., Jefferson co., Ga. : 5S m. E. Mil- 
ledge ville. 

Bono, p. o., Lai\Tence co., Ind. : on the S. of the E. fork 
of White r., 63 m. S. Indianapolis. 

Box Pas, p. o., Richland co., III. : 165 m. S. S. E. Spring- 
field. 

Bonus Prairie, p. o., Boone co., III. : on the E. side of 
Piskashaw cr., 269 m. N. by E. Springfield. 

BooNE county, HI. Situate N. middle, and contains 433 
sq. m. Drained by Rock r. and its tributaries. Surface level, 
with some wet prairies, and soils of exceeding richness; 
timber plentiful. Farms S97; manuf. 17; dwell. 1,352, and 
pop.— wh. 7,621, fr. col. 5— total, 7,626. Capit<il : Belvi- 
dere. Puhlic Works: Galena and Chicago Union R. R., 
and braneb to BeloiL 

Boone county, Iml. Situate N. W. centrally, and con- 
tains 40S sq. m. The prevailing soil is a black loam sev- 
eral feet deep, resting on a substratum of clay, and in some 
places of sand and gravel ; it is verj- fertile. No part of the 
State is better limbered. The county is situated on the ridge 
or dividing swamps between White r. and tlie Wabash, and 
contains the sources of several fine streams, tributaries of 
these rivers. Farms 1,393; manuf. 28; dwell. 1,914, and 
pop.— wh. 11,611, fr. col. 20, total, 11,631. Capital: Leb- 
anon. PicbUc Works: Indianapolis and Lafayette R. E. 

Boone county, la. Situate centrally, and contains 576 
sq. m. Drained by Des Moines r. and tributark-s. Surface 
level or undulating— prairie intermixed with woodland, and 
soils excellent. Dwell. 119, and pop. — wb. 735, fr. col. — 
total 735. Capital : Booneville. 

Boone county, A'y. Situate N. on Ohio r., and contains 
812 sq. m. Drained by creeks flowing to the Ohio. Surface 
uneven, and soils not unproductive. Indian corn, wheat, 
and tobacco are the chief products. Farms 9^2; manuf. 16; 
dwell. 1,615, and pop.— wh. 9,044, fr. col. 37, si. 2,11)4— total 
11,185. Capital: Burlington. 

BooNE county. Mo. Situate centrally on Missouri r.. and 
contains 6S0 sq. m. Drained by Rock, Femme, Ced;ir, and 
other creeks. Surface chiefly level prairie intermixvd with 
woodland, and the soils fertile. The chief product.-*, besides 
grain, are tobacco and hemp. Farms 1,376; manuf. 21; 
dwell. 1,924, and pop.— wh. 11,800, fr. col. 13, si. 8,666— total 
14,979. Capitul : Columbia. 

Boone county, Virff. Situate W., and contains S90 sq. 
m. Drained by the head waters of Little Coal cr , a tribu- 



BOO 



BOS 



tary of Great Kanawha r. SurHice undulating, and soils 
fertile Coal ia abundant. Farms 3C1; manuf. 3; dwell. 
495, and pop.— wh. 3,054, fr. col. 0, al. 1S3— total 3,237. 
Capital : Boone C. II. 

Boone, p. v., Ashe co., JVI Car. : Hi m. 'W. N, W. 
Ealcigh. 

Booxii's Mills, p. o., Franklin co., Virg. : 13(J m. W. by 
S. Ilichmond. 

BooKB Vallkv, p. 0., Letcher co., Ey. : 169 m. E. by S. 
Frankfort. 

EooNEviLLE, t. and p. v., Oneida co., jV. Y. : on Black r., 
93 m. N. "VV. Albany. The Black Biver Canal passes 
through the town N. and S. centrally. Poji, 3,3UG. 

BoosETiLLE, p. v., and cap. Boone co., la.: OS m. W. 
N. W Iowa City. 

BooxEVTLLE, p. V., and cap. Owsley co., Ki/. : 75 m* E. 
by S. Frankfort. 

BooKEviLLE, p. T., and cap. Brazos co., Ttj\ : on Carters 
or. of Navasota r., 137 in. E. by N. Austin City. 

Boos Grove, p. o.. Porter co., Ind.: l'J3 m. N. "U'. 
Indiaoapniis. 

BooNniLL, p. o., Johnson co., N. Car. : on a cr. of Neusc 
r., 37 m. S. E. Kaleigh. 

BooN6BOEOUGir, p. V., "Washington co., 3fd. : 73 m. "W. 
N. W. Annapolis. The "Odd Fellow," a weekly news- 
paper, is pubUshed here. 

BooNSBORoroH, p. v., Washington co., Arl\ : 147 ni. 
N. W. Little Rock. 

Boon's Ceeek, p. o., 'Washington oo,, Tenn.: on a cr. so 
called of Watauga r., 247 m. E. Nashville. 

Boon's Hill, p. c, Lincoln co., Tenn. : 73 m. S. Nash- 
Tiile. 

Book's Lick, p. o., Howard co., Mo. : 52 m. N. "W. 
Jefferson City. 
BoosTON, p. v., Morris co., 2T. Jer. : 41 m. N. Trenton. 
Boonton's Tan Yard, p. a, Madison co., Virg.: 76m. 
N. "W. Eichmond. 

BoosviLLE, p. v., and cap. Scott co., Ark. : on Petite 
Jean cr. of Arkansas r., 147 m. W. N. "W. Little Rock. 

BooNTTLLE. p. V., and cap. Warrick co., Iiid. : 128 m. 
S. S. W. Indianapolis. 

BooxvaLE, p. T., and cap. Cooper co., Mo. : on S. side 
of Missouri r., 52 m. N. W. Jefferson City. It is a place of 
considerable business, and here are published weekly tlie 
" B. Weekly Democrat," and the " B. Observer"' (dem.)— the 
latter is also published semi-weekly. Numerous steamers 
make this a regular landuig place. 

BooTnu AT, t. and p. v., Lincoln co.. Me : between Sheeps- 
cot and Damariscotta r., with the ocean on the S. 37 m. 
S. by E. Augusta. It has a good harbor, and the inhab- 
itants are largely engaged in the fisheries. Pop.J2,504. 

BooTHSTiLLE, p. V., Mariou co., Virg, : 1S7 m. N. W. 
Richmond. 

BoRDEAUs, p. v., Abbeville dist, S. Car. : 73 m. W. 
Columbia. 

BoRDEXTOwx. p. T., Burlingtou co., A: Jer. : on E. side 
of Delaware r., S m. S. by E. Trenton. The site is elevated 
some GO feet above tl'.o river, an-l is remarkable for its 
beautiful scenery. Here Joseph Bonaparte resided while 
in America. The railroads connecting Now York and 
Philadelphia pass through the v„ and the Delaware and 
Earitan Canal has- its W. outlet at this place. 

BoRDLET, p. o., Union co.. JT^. ; 161 m. W. by S. Frank- 
fort. 

BoELAhi), p. v., Newton co., Arl:: on Buffalo fork of 
"White r., 104 m. N. N. W. Little Rock. 

BoRODixo, p. o. (formerly Moreauttlle), p. v., Avoy- 
elles par.. La. : S2 m. N. W. Baton Rouge. 

Borodino, p. o., Wayne co., Mich.: 82 ra. E. 3. E. 
Lansing. 

Borodino, p. t., Onondaga co., 2T. Y. : on Skaneatelcs 
lake, 127 m. W. by N. Albany. 
BoscAiVEX, L and p. v., Merrimac co., K /Tamp. : on W. 



side of Merrimac r. and Nurlhi-m i:. R.. lu m. X. ( ..n.nrd. 
Black Water r. passes Ihrougli the t., aud affords flrn- miU 
sites, pop. 2.063. 

Bossermam's Mills, p. v., Perry co., Penn. : 20 m. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Bossier county, La. Situate N. W. between Red r. and 
Bayou Durcheat, and contains 1,016 sq. m. Drained by 
Bayou and Lake Bodeau, and streams tributary to the bor- 
der rivers. Surface low and marshy; soils rich, producing 
corn, cotton, and sugar. Farms 333; dwell. 47s, and pop. 
— wh. 2,5(i7, fr. col. 0, si. 4,4o5— toial 6,9(52. Cupit'il : BelJu- 
view. The " great raff of Red r. lies within Ihi^ county. 

Bossier Point, p. o., Bossier par., La.: 177 m. N. W. 
Baton Rouge. 

BosTicK's Mills, p. o., Richmond co., Jl^.Car.: 123 m. 
S. W. by AV. Raleigh. 
Boston, p. v., Wayne co., Tnd. : 6S m. E. Indianapolis. 
Boston (formerly Kautatixcuuxk), p. v., Northampton 
CO., Penn.: 87 m. E. by N. Harrisburg. 

Boston, p. v., Yolo co., Calif, ; on W. sifle of Sacra 
mento r., at the mouth of American r., 60 ra. N. E. Vallejo. 
B*)ST0X, \\ o., Nelson co.. Ay. ; 47 m. S. W. Frankfort. 
Boston, t. and p. v., Ionia co., Midi.: on S. side of 
Grand r., 39 m. W. by N. Lansing. Pop, 424 
Boston, p. o.. Erie co., K. Y. : 247 m. W. Albany. 
Bo.stox, t. and p. v., Summit co., Ohio: on Cuyahoga r. 
of Lake Erie, and on the line of the Ohio Canal. 122 m. 
N. N. E. Columbus. The v. is a busy place and has con- 
siderable trade. Pop. I.ISO. 

BosTox, p. city, sea-port, and cap. Suff.ilk co., and capiual 
of the State of Massachusetts : at the he.nl of Massaehu*<_-tt3 
Bay, near the confluence of Charles and Mystic rivers. 
Those streams are navigable only for a few miles, but 
; uniting with Neponset and Weymouth rivers, lorni one of 
the noblest harbors of the world — land-loeketl, areessibk- to 
ships of the line, easily defended, and rarely obstructed by 
ice. It extemls 14 m. from Point Alderlon to Mt-dti.rd ; 
and from Chelsea to IlJngham is at least S m. wi<h\ civir- 
ing 75 sq. ra., and would hold aH the shipping of tlie rnion. 
The entrance for largo vessels is very narrow, bar.ly sutli- 
eient for two to s&\\ abreast. It is defended by three 
fortresses, two of which, on George's and Caslie islands, 
are on the largest scale, and constnicted with all the im- 
provements of modern science. The third, or Ciljidel. on 
Governor's isriand, is not yet completed. These will efTect- 
ually command ihe entrance, and, wdien tinishud. make it 
impregnable. The harbor is well adapted to eonnneree. 
The peninsula and island of Boston is literally fringed with 
whan-es and docks, while around the harbor and its afflu- 
ents are clustered many cities and villages, into which 
Boston overflows, all of which have piers and landing- 
places, viz, : Ilingham, Hull, Quiney, Milton, Dorchester, 
Roxbury. Brookllne, Brighton, Newton, Wateriown, Cam- 
bridge, Ciiarlest'jwn, Chelsea, Maiden, Medfjrd. and Som- 
ervjlle. Lat. 420 o^' o.-j" N., and long. 71° 04' O'J" W.— i32 
m. N. E. Washington City. 

The early settlers chose for their residence, in 1630, a 
peninsula, connected with the main by a n;irrow isiluiiu.^*, 
occasionally overflowed, an«l diviilcd at high tide into two 
islands. The entire tract contained 600 acres. It was 
called Shawmut or Trimountain, and derived its nam.- from 
its springs and three lofty hilLs. The spot was undoubtedly 
selected for pure water, facilities for commerce, and security 
fi-ora wolves and Indians. Boston soon became an import- 
ant sca-pnrt, and at an early period became distinguished 
for her enterpri:io and commerce, and was pecnliarly noted 
for her ship-building and fisheries. In 1710 the pop. was 
17.O0f. For more than half a century from this period tho 
growth of tlie city was checked by wars and the restrictive 
policy of England, and hence in 1790 fh'' city contained 
only IS.O;!^ inhabitants. Before the IJevohilion she was the 
first commercial city on the cna.st ; her reputation was 
identified with the country, and the colonists were generally 

73 



BOS 



BOS 



known as Botetuniana among the French and Canadians. 
But during that evenlful struggle, her citizens were com- 
pelled to ahandon their firesides, and their commeree was 
literally ruined, ller sacrifice for the common cause was 
severe, and Jier rccoverj- slow. I^cw York and Philadel- 
phia consequently outstripped her. But since 1790 the city 
has advanced rapidly. She embarked largely in the trade 
to India and China; in voyages to the North-west Coast, 
and in the fisheries, carrying trade, ete. ; and opened an ex- 
tensive business with Kussia, the Mediterranean, South 
America, Liverjiool, and the British Colonies. When com- 
merce was paralyzed by the embargo and war of 1S12, she 
commenced manufactures, which have since expanded 
Into every variety of form. More recently her citizens have 
taken a deep interest in railroads, and opened to the city an 
mterior lo which nature gave her no access, 

A i>eninsula, less than one mile square, was soon found 
insufficient for Boston, and the State annexed to her Dor- 
chester Point, a peninsula of 600 acres. To this, now eaUed 
South Boston, she is united by four bridges. At a later 
period ferries were established to Noddles Island (660 acres), 
and this now forms a ward of the city. Some hundred acres 
have also been reclaimed from the sea; but these narrow 
limits, about 3 sq. m. in extent, proved inadequate, and 
have long been exceeded, and the population outside the 
chartered limits of Boston already equals the population 
"Within. As a metropolitan district, Boston, indeed, may be 
said to extend a circuit of nine miles round the Exchange, 
within which limits the population in ISSO was 269,S74. 

The population of Boston proper, at successive decennial 
periods, has been as follows: inl790, it wa3lS,0SS; in 1800, 
24,937 ; in ISIO, 33,250 ; in 1S20, 43,298; in 1S30, 61,391 ; in 
1S40, 93,3'>3 ; and in 1S50, 18S,7SS. 

As Boston grew in population and manufactures, the 
natural spring, which gave it the Indian name of Shawniut, 
gradually failed ; and the water deteriorated, and the citi- 
zens were obliged to deepen the ancient wells from year to 
year. It was at length necessary to resort to a foreign sup- 
ply. In 1795 wooden pipes were laid by a company from 
Jamaica Pond, and as the demand increased, 10 in. iron 
pipes were substituted. This source having proved insuffi- 
cient, a new aqueduct was construcl^'d from Cochituate 
Lake, 20 m. from the Exchange, and was opened in 1S49. 
The mean elevation of the lake is 120 feet above the marsh 
level. The water is carried 144 m. by a brick conduit of an 
eUipUeal form, 6 feet 4 in. by 5 feet, with a regular descent 
of 3 1-6 inches per mile, to a large reservoir in Brooklino. 
Here a pond of 22 acres, and holding 100,000,000 gallons, 
has been formed by closing the outlet of a valley. The 
reservoir is 123 feet above the sea. The water is carried 
over Charles r. by two parallel pipes 80 in. diameter. From 
Brookline, large iron pipes, carry the water to a granite 
resen'ou* on the summit of Beacon Hill, holding 2,500.000 
gallons, and to another on Dorchester Ileights, holding 
6,000,000 gallons. These are 120 feet above the sea, and 
the water is hence conducted through 70 m. of pipe through 
the streets, and has generally been introduced into dwell- 
ings and stores. The head is sufficient to throw a 3 in. jet 
92 feet high, from the fountain on the Common. The 
aqueduct is competent to supply 14,000,000 gallons daily. 
East Boston is also supplied from this source, pipes being 
conducted over Charles and Mystic rivers. 

The city proper now is. and the suburbs soon will be, 
lighted with gas. 

The principal public buildings in Boston and its vicinity, 
are Quincy Market, a granite structure, 500 by 3S feet; the 
Slate House, a large and commodious building; Faneuil 
Hall, an ancient brick edifice; the Massachusetts General 
Hospital, a largo stono structure, at West Boston ; the old 
State House ; the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary ; 
the Institute for the Blind at South Boston; the Orphan 
A«ylum; the Farm School; the City Tlall, and SufTolk 
Court House, large granite buildiugs; the liogijttry of Deeds* 
U 



Ofllices ; the Merchants' Exchange, of granite, also ; the 
Atheneum, of free-stone ; the Custom House ; a Club House, 
of free-stone ; 23 large School-houses, costing $703,000; 41 
Primary School-houses ; 3 Theatres ; a Museum ; and 2 
large buildings of granite, used for concerts and lectures. 
Boston has also erected an extensive Jail, of Quincy granite, 
and a spacious Alms House, at Deer Island. At liaiusford's 
Island she has also the Quarantine Hospital, and the build- 
ings hitherto used for jads and alms houses at AVest and 
South Boston. The citizens of Boston have rarely been 
wanting in the cause of benevolence, and many of their 
institutions are richly endowed. Previous to 1S45, a single 
institution, the General Hospital and M'Lean Asylum, had 
received $*)40,943; and the entire amount of donations to 
such public objects was ascertained to have been, prior to 
1S46, $4,992,659. 

Very few of the ancient burial grounds are now used foe 
interments ; several have been planted, and contributo 
much lo the ornament of the city. In 1S31, Mount Auburn, 
in Cambridge, a spot remarkable for its natural beauties, 
was selected as a rural cemetery. It contains US acres, 
and during the last 13 years, 1,756 lots have been sold, 
realizing §175,000. Iloads and paths have been opened, a 
granite gateway and chapel built, and iron railing set round 
it; many tasteful monuments of marble have been erected, 
and it has become a place of frequent resort for the living 
as for the dead. At Forest Hill, Uoxbury, is another beau- 
tiful cemetery, and others at Brighton and Wood Lawn. 
The cemetery of Mount Auburn is the first instance in 
America of a largo tract having been chosen for its natural 
beauties, and improved by landscape gardening, to prepare 
it for the reception of the dead. 

Boston is the commercial emporium of Kew England, 
and next to New York among the commercial cUicb of the 
Union. In 1S50, the shipping owned in the district amount- 
ed to 320,6S7 tons. The foreign arrivals amounted to 2.S77 
vessels, of an aggregate burden of 47S,S59 tons ; and the 
foreign clearances, 2,S39 vessels, of 437,760 tons. The ship- 
ping built in the year 1S49-50, was 23,450 tons. The value of 
imports in 1&49 was $24,117,175 ; and of exports, $S,S43.974. 
Boston enjoys, also, a large local and coast-wise trade. 
Within the borders of Massachusetts arc two cities with 
over 30,000 inhabitants, ten with 10,000 to 20.000, ten towns 
with 6,000 to 10,000, twenty with 4,000 to 6;000. Between 
these and Boston an active commerce exists ; and by her 
iron arms she reaches through this populous interior to the 
north and west, to Canada and the Mississippi. Tlie coast- 
wise importations in 1S49 consisted in part of 269,S1S 
bales of cotton, 262,632 tons anthracite, 9S7,9SS barrels of 
fiour, 3,002,593 bushels of com, 621,513 bushels of oats, rye, 
and shorts, 3S,199 barrels turpentine, 663,530 sides of leather, 
156,556 barrels of pork, 200,500 pigs of lead, etc Large im- 
portations are .also made, particularly from New Orleans, 
of beef, hemp, sugar, molasses, tobacco, and other articles. 
Vessels of all sizes, ft-om 50 to 1,000 tona, are engaged in 
the coasting trade. The arrivals in 1S49 were 6.100 ves- 
sels, which number does not include sloops and schooners, 
laden with wood, stone, and sundries, some thousands an- 
nually, that do not report at the custom house. By railroad 
the tonnage transported amounted to 1,107,129 tons. 

The trade of Boston with the West and South is im- 
mense ; her manufactures and import'^ are sent by railw.ay 
and pnekcts to the farthest limits of the country. Lines 
of packets run to all the seaboard cities, freighted witli the 
cottons, boots, shoes, and other domestic goods, the produce 
of the State's industry. With California, also, Boston h:is 
had Large dealings: at least one fiflh of the shipping that 
sails from Atlantic ports for "El Dorado," hails lYom Bos- 
ton. 

In 1 S50, there were 29 banks in the city, and the banking 
capital amounted to $21,460,orin. The ami.iinl (U'l.osited in 
Savings' lianks, was $3,977,799 owne.i by 29,799 d.-posilors. 
The stock capital of Boston insurance conipauics, vas 



BOS 



BOW 



$5,4S3,000. There were also in the city numcruus nmlual, 
and several foreign insurance companies. 

The assessed value of property iu Boston is $179,525,000, 
and tlie city debt to about $7,000,000, chiefly owing on ac- 
count of the water-works. This debt is small compared 
with the wealth and resources of the city. The j)roperly 
of the city cojisists of the " Common," a beautiful park of 
43 acres, eneircled by an iron fence; the Public Garden, 
containing 14 acres, and several public squares and areas, 
enibehished by fountains. These are all devoted to the 
health and recreation of the citizens. She owns also val- 
uable pruperty that may be sold; the whole is valued at 
$5,071,000, and at the present time yields a revenue of 
$300,000 annually. The expenses of the city are cliiefly for 
hor schools, street improvements, watch, and the support 
of correctional and humane institutions. 

Some of the artificial structures which connect Boston 
with the main deserve notice. The Western Avenue, 7,000 
feet long, leads from the old peninsula to Brooklinc, Hux- 
bury, and Brighton; it is a soUdstructiu-e of granite, filled in 
with earth, and cost $700,000. Besides forming a wide 
carriage road, it creates a large water-power, and has re- 
deemed many acres from the harbor. West Boston Bridge 
and Causeway, 6,190 feet long, connects Boston with Cam- 
bridge; Canal Bridge is 2,790 feet long; Warren Bridge, 
1,S90 feet ; Long Wharf, 1,S00 feet long and 200 feet wide ; 
Central Wharf, 1,379 feet long and 150 feet wide; India 
Wharf, 9S0 feet long. Along these wharves are continuous 
blocks of warehouses, 4 or 5 sti:)ries high, ainl from 50 to SO 
feet deep. Granite, Connecticut, and Lewis's wharves arc 
of like size, and have ranges of large stone warehouses. 

The schools of Boston are frequently referred to as mod- 
els of perfection. Their number and excellence, with her 
liberal patronage of education, have given the city the title 
of (he Modern Athens, and their merit and importance can- 
not be overrated. In 1S50, her primary schools had 11,376 
scholars, her grammar schools 9,154, and other schools 471 
scholars. Boston has also a Latin and High SchocJ, in 
■which the higher branches are taught with signal ability. 
All these schools are open free of charge to all. Without 
Ihe chartered limits of the city are Harvard University, 
with its Law and Theological Schools, a Baptist College, 
and many excellent schools and academies. 

There are several public libraries in the city. The Athe- 
neum Library, the Boston and Mercantile libraries, the 
Law Library, the State Library, and several libraries of 
Harvard University. These together contain upward of 
150,000 volumes. 

There are SO periodicals and newspapers published in 
Boston, several of which are worked by steam presses, and 
have large circulations. These refer to almost every de- 
partment of literature, religion, science, agriculture, banks, 
railroads, belles-lettres, statistics, history, medicine, law, edu- 
cation, etc. 

The religious and charitable institutions of the city are 
also numerous. It has nearly 200 churches and i)laces of 
worship. There is also a General Hospital, two Insane 
Hospitals, an Asylum fur the Blind, an Eye and Ear In- 
firmary, a Lying-in-IIospilal, an Asylum f<jr Orphan Girls, 
and a Farm School for Boys. Most of tliese are liberally 
endowed. 

The United States have expended large sums in and 
around Boston on their fortresses and arsenal, extensive 
navy yard, dry dock, and rope walks, and stores of cannon, 
arms, and materiel, a Customs House, and hospitals for 
sick and infirm seaiLU-n. All these are situated in Boston 
Harbor, and are valw^l at $8,000,000. The navy yard is 
second only to that of Norfolk. 

Should Boston and her suburbs increase for 25 years at 
its present rate, its population will exceed 1,500,000. If we 
would seek for a solution of the growth of Boston in com- 
merce, wealth, and population, we may have it not only in 
Its contral position and admirable harbor, but in the enter- 



prise, intelligence, and frugality of her peujjle. lU-r enter- 
prise descends lineally from those bold anrestors who plant- 
ed an empire in the wilderness. Thf^^ir sjiirit and their IdVc 
of letters are inherited. These have guided its enturprise. 
But it is one thing to acquire and another to regain. The 
frugality of the people is the greot secret of accumulation, 
and lK*uce Boston has risen to its present gitrrious posilioi.. 
wliicli is every day becoming more and mure envlal)le and 
unapproachable. 

Boston, p. v., Andrew co., J/a. ; 1C3 m. N. W. Jefferson 
City. 

Boston", p. v., Williamson co., Tdnn.: 23 m. S. Nash- 
ville. 

Bi'SToN" CoBNEB, p. 0., Berkshire co., Mass. : 126 m. W. 
Boston. 

Boston, p. v., and cap. Bowie co., Ttx.: 297 m. N. E. 
Austin City. 

Boston, p. v., CuIpl:^pper co., Ylrg. : 7-6 m. N. N. W. 
Bielnuond. 

Boston, p. v., Thomas co., Ga.: 157 m. S. Milledgevillc. 

Bost's Mills, p. o., Cabarras co., N. Our. : 103 m. W. by 
S. Raleigh. 

Botanic Hill, p. o., Nash co., N. Car. : 39 m. E. N. E. 
Raleigh, 

BoTANicK Gaeden, p. o., Pcrry co., Tenn. : 73 m. S. W. 
Nashville. 

Botetourt county, Virff, Situate S. middle, W. of the 
Blue Kidgc, and contains 9S0 sq. m. Drained by James r. 
and tributaries. Surface hilly— with extensive valleys, and 
soil good, producing wheat, com, and tobacco. Farms 712; 
manuf. 3S ; dwell. 1,803, and pop.— wh. 10,749, fr. cul. 423, 
al. 3,736— total 14,90S. Capital: Fineastle. 

Botetoukt Springs, p. o., lioanoko co., Virg. : 137 m. 
W. by S. liichmond. 

BoTnELi-E, p. v., Fond du Lac co., TT7sc'. ; 6S m. N. by E. 
Madison. 

BoucKviLLE, p. o., Madison co., 7\^. T. : on the line of the 
Chenango C^iiuil, 90 m. AV. Albany. 

Bound Brouk, p. v., Somerset co., A^. Jer. : 24 m. N. by 
E. Trenton. 

Bounty La>~d, p. c, Pickms dist., S. Car. : 113 m. N. W. 
Columbia. 

Bourbon county, iu/. Situate N. E., centrally, ind con- 
tains 230 sq. m. Drained by numerous creeks, tributaries 
of S. fork of Licking r. Surface rolling, rising toward the 
sea; and the soils highly productive. Wlieat, rye, corn, 
and oats are ihe principal products. Farms 734; manuf. 
34 ; dwell. 1,.S4S, and pop.— wh. T,15S, fr. col. 242, si. 7,u26— 
toi.il 14,426. Capital: Paris. Puhlio Works: Lexington 
and Maysville E. E. 

Bourbon, p. v., Marshall co., Ind.: 102 m. N. by W. 
Indianapolis. 

BoouBONTONjp. v., Booneco.,il/b. ; 8S m. N. W. Jeflcrson 
City. 

BouRNEVTLLE, p. V., Eoss CO., Ohio : on the N. W. side 
of Paint cr., 49 m. S. Columbus. 

BoviNA, p. v., Warren co., il/Aw. .• on the lino of the 
Vicksburg, Jackson, and Brandon E. R.,36 m.W. Jacksim. 

BoviNA, t. and p. v., Delaware co., N, T. : SO m. W. S.W. 
Albany. 

Bow, t. and p. v., Merrimac co., K. Ilamp. : on Merri- 
mac r., 7 m. S. Concord. Bow Falls, of the Merrimac, are 
here overcome by a short canal. 

BowDAUK, p. 0., Greene co.. Mo. : 107 m. S. W. Jeflerson 
City. 

BowDOiN, t. and p. v., Lincoln co., Me. : 23 m. S. by W. 
Augufita. Pop. 1,857. 

BownoiN Centrk, p. o., Liucoln co., J/c. ." 25 in. S. by W. 
Augusta. 

BowDoiNBAM, t. and p. v., Lincoln co., M>\ : on Kenne- 
bec r., 23 m. S. Augusta. Tlie lumber trade and ship- 
bnil 'ling are Ihe principal occupations. P"l>. 2,:'oI. 

EowDON, p. v., Carroll co., Ga. : 113 ra. W. Milledgevilie. 

7S 



BOW 



BRA 



BuwDox, p. v., Talhuic-ra co., Ala.: O'i m. X. M<:)nt- 
goniery. 

Bowns's Praibie, p. o., Jones co.. In. : 41 m. N. Iowa 
City. 

EoTTESviLLE. p. V., CafroII CO., Ga. : 117 m. W. MiUedge- 
ville. 

Bower, p. o., Clearfield co., renn. : lOS m. TV. ?f. W. 
Harrisburg. 

BowEU Bank, t. and p. o., Piscataquis co., Jfe. : on Sebec 
Lake, 65 m. X. by E. Augusta. Pop. 17a 

Bower Hill, p. 0., 'WashLngion co., Penn.: 187 m. "W. 
Uarrisburg. 

BowEH's, p. o., Southampton co., Virg. : 71 m. S. by E. 
Eichmond. 

Bottee's Mflls, p. o., Lawrence co., Mo. : on Spring r., 
a branch of Neosho r., 146 m. S. "W". Jeflfcrson City. 

BowERsvTLLE, p. V., rrankUu co., Ga. : on a cr. of the 
Mid.lle fork of Broad r., 85 m. N. Milledgevilie. 

Bowers viixE, p. v., Greene co., Ohio: 52 m. "W. S. "W. 
Colurabug. 

Bowie county, r«r. Situate in the N. E. comer, between 
Eed r. and Sulphur Fork, and contains about 960 sq. m. 
Brained by namcrous creeks running N. and S. from a cen- 
tral watershed. Surface elevated, undulating, and well 
limbered, with small and beautifid prairies between the 
streams ; soils deep and fertile, producing excellent cotton 
and sugar. Farms 15S ; manuf. 5 ; dwell. 250, and pop.— 
wh. 1,271, ft-, col. 0, si. 1,641— total 2,012. Capital: Boston. 

BowLEsviLLE, p. T., Fluvanna co.. Vir^g. : 49 m. TV. by N. 
Fkichmond. 

Bowling Green, p. v., Oglethorpe co., Ga.: on Athens 
Branch of Georgia K. E., 46 m. N. Milledgevilie. 

Bowling Green, p. v., and cap. Olay co,, Ind.: on Eel 
r. of the W. fork of White r., 4S m. W. 8. "W. Indianapolis. 

Bowling Green, p. v., Fayette co., lU. : on the W. side 
of Beck's tT. of Kaskaskia r., 56 m. S. E. Springfldd. 

Bowling Green, p. v., and enp. TVarren co., 10/. : on the 
W. side of Big Barren r. of Green r., 122 m. S. "W. Frank- 
fort, and by r. course to the Ohio, ISO m. The v. is acces- 
sible to steamboats of 200 tons, and has considerable trade, 
chiefly in tobacco. The Nashville and Louisville E. E. will 
pass through Bowling Green. 

Bowling Green, p. v., and cap. Pike co., Mo. : 74 m. 
N. E. JelTerson City. 

Bowling Gkeex, p. o., "Wood co., Ohio : 52 m. N. "W. 
Columbus, 

Bowling Green, p. v., and cap. Caroline co., Tirg.: a 
few miles E. of Mattapony r., 37 m. N. Eichmond. 

BowLiNGsviLLE, p. V., Union dist., S. Car. : 67 ra. N. 
Columbia. 

Bowman's Creek, p. 0., "Wyoming CO., Penn.: 93 ra. 
N. N. E. Harrisburg. 

Bowman's Mills, p. 0., Eockingham^o., Virg. : 106 ra. 
N. "W. Eichmond. 

BowMANSviLLE, p. v., Lancastcr co., Penn. 

BowNE, t, and p. 0., Kent co., Mich. : 43 m. W. by N. 
Lansing. Pop. 220. 

BowsHERsviiLE, p. T., "Wyaudott CO., Ohio: 66 m. N. by 
"W. Columbus. 

BoxBOROTcn,! and p. v., Middlesex co., ^fasR. : between 
Concord and Nashua r., 25 m. N. W. by N. Boston. P. 31)0. 

BoxFORD, t. and p. v., Essex co., ^fatiS. : 23 m. N. Boston. 

BoxLEY, p. v., Ilamilton co., Ind. : 31 m. N. ludian- 
apolia. 

BoxviLLE, p. v., Montgomery co., Ga. : on the W. side 
of Oconee r., near its junction with the Ocmulgec, S4 m. S. 
Milledgevilie. 

Bo-i-D's- Creek, p. o., Serier co.. Teyy n. : on a cr. of Ilenry 
r. of the Tennessee, 1S3 m. E. Nashville. 

BoTDSTON's MiLis, p. 0., Kosciusko CO., Ind.: 93 m. N. 
Indian anoli 9. 

BoYr8\T:LLE, p. T., TVeakly co., Tenn. : at the head wa- 
lers of Obion r., IDS m. W. Nashville. 
7« 



BovmoN, p. v., and cap. Mecklenbnrgh co., Virg.: 74 
m. S. S. W. Eichmond. Eandolph Macon College, founded 
1532, is located about a mile to the wesU 

Boyer's Settlement, p. o., Buchanan co.. Mo. : on E. 
fork of Platte r., 149 m. "W. N. W. Jefferson City. 

Boteestown, p. v., Berks co., Penn.: 63 m. E. by N. 
Harrisburg. 

BoTKiN's Dep6t, p. 0., Kersliaw dist, S. Car. : on Cam- 
den Branch of the South Carolina E. E., 26 m. E. by N. 
Columbia. 

Boyle county, Ky. Situate centrally, an<I contains 226 
sq. m. Drained by creeks of Salt and Kentuck.v rivers. 
Surface rolling, and soils very fertile, producing the irrains 
and tobacco. Farms 443; manuf 53; dwell. 927, and pop. 
— wh. 5,3S9, fr. col. 813, si. 8,424— total 9,126. Capital: 
Danville. Puhlio Works: Nashville and Lexington II. E. 

BoTLSTON, t. and p. v.. "Worcester co., J/tfsa. ; on Nashua 
r., 39 m. W. Boston. Poj.. 01 ft. 

BoYLSTON Centre, p. o., 'Worcester co., Mass. : 37 m. W. 
Boston. 

BozRAH, t. and p. o.. New London co., C&nn. : 32 m. 
E. by S. Uarlford. Pop. S67. 

EozRAHviLLK, p. v., Ncw Loudon CO., Conn. : 30 m. E. by 
S. Hartford. 

Braceville, t. and p. t., Trumbull co., Ohio : on Ma- 
honing r., V^^ m. N. E. Columbus. Pop. 956. 

Bracee.\ county, Ky. Situate N. E. on the Ohio r., and 
contains 21S sq. m. Drained by N. fork of Licking and 
several creeks of the Ohio. Surface hilly and broken ; soils 
moderately productive. Farms 72'^ : manuf 21 ; dwell. 1.4.S7, 
and pop.— wh. 7,948, fr. col. 115, si. S40— total 8,903. Capi- 
tal: Brookville. 

Brackney, p. v., Susquehannah co., Penn, : 122 m. N. E. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Bradenville, p. v., AVestmoreland co., Penn. : 162 m. "W. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Braoford county, Penn. Situate N. E. on State line, 
and contains 1,180 sq. ra. Drained by the Chemung and 
Susquehanna rivers and their tributaries, tlie Towauda, 
Wyalnsing, and Sugar. Surface generally mountainoim, 
witli exceptions along the rivers, and Uie soils highly pro- 
ductive. Bituminous coal is found on the Towanda. 
Farms, 5,096; manuf 502; dwell. 7.491, and pop. — wh. 
42,634, fr. col. 197— total 42,831. Capitnl : Towamln. Pid>- 
lie Works: North Brancli of Pennsylvania Canals: Will- 
iamsport and Elmira E. E. 

Bradfoup, p. v.^ Harrison co,, 7»(r/. ;104 m. 9. Indian- 
apolis. 

BRADFOF.n, t. and p v., Steuben co,, X. Y. .* 163 m. W. by 
S. Albany. Pop. 2,ra0. 

Bradford, t. and p. v., Penobscot co., Me. : 68 m. N. E. 
Augusta. 

Bradford, t. and p. v.. Essex co., Masii. : on Merrlmac r., 
2S m. N. Boston. It is e«>nnected with Haverhill I>y a 
bridge, over which the Boston and Maine E. E. is carried, 
32 ra. from Boston, The t is noted for its boot and shoe 
factories. Pop. 1,S2S. 

Bradford, t. and p. v.. Merrimac co., K. Tfamp. : on the 
Concord and Claremont E. E,, 25 m. from Concord, P l.ill 

Bradford, p. v,. (>range co,, Vprm. : on Connecticut r,, 
29 m. E. by S. Morilj)elier. Two literary periodicals are 
published here, the " Vermont Family Gazette," weekly, 
and tlie "Green Mountain Gem." monthly. The Connec- 
ticut and Passumsic Eivcrs E. E. passes through the t. on 
the edge of the river. 

Bradford, p. v., Coosa cc, Ala. : 23 m. N. Mont/- 
gomery. 

Bradford Centre, p. o., Orange co,. Verm. : 27 m. 
E. by S. Montpelicr. 

Bradford Institute, p. o., Sumter dist., S. Car.: 42 m. 
E. Columbia. 

Bradford Springs, p. o., Sumter dist., ^iS. Car,: 42 m. 
E. Columbia. 



BHA 



BRA 



BiiADFORDviLLE, p. V., MafioQ CO,, A'//. ; on a or. of li'iU- 
tug fork of Sull r.. 47 m. S. AV. Frankfort. 

Bit.vDLKT county, Ark: Situate S. centrally, and contains 
800 sq. m. T)rained by Wachita and Spline rivers iind tht-ir 
tributaries. Surface rolling — chiefly prairie, and soils fer- 
tile. Farms 303; manuf. 1; dwell. 440, and pop.— wh. 
2,ti0] fr. col. 2, Bl. 1,22G— total S,S29. Cajjital: Warren. 

Bradley county, Temi, Situate S. E. on State lino, and 
contains 526 sq. m. Drained by creeksof Iliwassec r. Sur- 
face mounlainoue, rujiged, and except on tlte streams, of in- 
fi.-rior fertility. Indian corn is the chief producl, and some 
cotton and tobacco is also grown. Farms S^l3 ; manuf. 44 ; 
dwell. 1,955, and pop.— wb. 11,478, fr. col. 37, el- T44— total 
12,25'J. Capital : Clvyclanil. PuUii^ H'yrAs; East Ten- 
nessee II. R., etc. 
Bradley, p. o., Jackson cc, III. : 123 m. 8. Springfield. 
Bradley, p. o., Allegan cc, J/ie^. ; 76 m. W. by S. 
Lansing. 

Bradleytille, p. v., Sumter dist., S. Car. : 57 m. E. by S. 
Columbia. 

BKAi>?aAW, p. 0., Giles co., Teiin.: 63 m. S. l)y W. 
Nashville. 

Brady, t. and p. o., Kalamazoo cc, Mich. : on the head 
waters of Portage r., 6S ra. S. W. Lansing. Pop. 573.' 

Brady's Bend, p. c, Armstrong co., Pemu: 146 m. 
W. by N. Harrisburg. 

Bradytille, p. v., Adams co^ Ohio: 83 m. S. by "W. 
Columbus. 

Bradytille, p. t.» Cannon co., Teiui. : 46 m. 9. E. Nash- 
ville. 

Bragg's, p. o., Lowndes cc, Ala. : 31 m. S. W. Mont- 
gomery. 

Braggyille, p. v., Middlesex co., Muss. : 26 m. N. W. 
Boston. 
Braisaed's Bridge, p. c, Kenseelaer co., 2^. Y, 
Braistreb, t. and p. t., Norfolk co., Mass. : on the line 
of the Old Colony K. K., 10 m. S. Boston. Tho South Shore 
E. B. and the Fall Liver L, K. also diverge fri.m this t. 
It has considerable manufactures, and some 8hii)ping en- 
gaged in the coasting trade and the fljiberies. Braintree 
was the birth-place of the elder Adams. Pop. 2,969. 

Braintree, t. and p. v., Orange co., Venn, : at the head 
of Wliite r., and on the line of the Vermont Central L. K., 
IG ra. S. MontpcUer. Pop. 1,22S. 

BEAi>"rREM, p. v., Wyoming co., Penn, : on N. side of 
Susquehanna r., 102 ra. N. by E. UaiTisburg. 

Be AEELEYViLLE, p. V., MouToc CO., P&m. ." 105 m. E. N, E. 
Harrisburg. 

Brake's Eun, p. o., Hardy cc, Virg. : 122 m. N. 'W. 
Eicbmond. 

Bbima>-"8 Cohnees, p. o., Schenectady cc, 2v\ Y. : 18 
m. W. Albany. 

Brakcu county, Mich. Situate S. middle on State line, 
and contains 576 sq. m. Drained by several creeks of St. 
Joseph r. Surface rolling; wood and prairie, and tho soils 
rich and loamy. Farms 1,442; manuf. 53; dwell. 2,300, 
and pop.— wh. 12,456, fr. col. 16 — total 12,472. Capital : 
Branch. Public Works: Michigan Southern R.R. 

Branch, p. v., and cap. Branch eo., Midi. : on W. branch 
of Coldwater r., 03 m. S. by W. Lansing. Tho Mlcliigan 
Southern li. E. passes a little S. of the v., 95 m. from 
Monroe. 
Bb-ixch Dale, p. o., Schuylkill co., Penn. 
BEA^•c^ Hill, p. o., Clermont co., Ohio: 87 m. 8. W. 
Columbus. 

Beanch Island, p. a, Pickens diat, B. Car.: 124 m. 
N. W. Columbia. 

Brajsxh Post, p. o., Yates cc, iT T.:tiX the head of the 
W. arm of Crooked Lake, 167 m. W. Albany. 

EEA>-ciiT0'n'N, p. v., Cherokee co., Tex.: 136 m. N. E. 
Austin City. 

ERANcnviLLE, p. o., St. Clair co., Ala. : 7S m. N. Mont- 
go merj'. 



BRANCnviLLE, p. v., Sussex CO., A'. Jcr,: on Paulisrii 
Kill, m m. N. Trenton. 

Braxcuvji.le, p. v., Orangeburg dist., S. Car.: on Vs. 
side of Edisto r., 46 m. S. by E. Columbia. At this pcniit 
the Columbia Branch K. R. branches from the South Car- 
olina R. R., 62 m. from Charleston. 
Brandenbiiro, p. v., and cap.Meado cc. K;/. 
Brandon, p. v., and cap. Rankin co., J//y.s, .- at the E. 
terminus of the Vicksburg, Jackson, and Brandon R. R., 
14 ra. E. Jack^^on. Tlie '-B. Republican" (wliig) is issued 
weekly. Tho railroad will be continued eastward to Sclma, 
Ala. 
Brandon, p. v.. Knox co., Ohio: 89 m. N. E. Cnlarabus. 
Beajsuon, t. and p. c, Oakland co., Jlich. : 63 m. E. 
Lansing. I'oj'' '^''•'' 

Brandon, t. and p. t., Rutland co., F"t"rm. ; on Otter cr. 
of Lake C'hamplain, 42 m. S. by W. Monlpelier. ;,The Rut- 
land and Burlington K. E. passes through it, SO m. S. Bur- 
lington. Two newspapers, the "Vermont Tribune"' and 
the " Brandon Post," are issued weekly. Pop. 2,S35. 

Brandonville, p. v., Preston co., Virff.:lll m. N. TV. 
Richmond. 

Brand's Iron "Works, p. o., "Wftshington co., i?. I. : 2^ 
m. 9. by "VV. Providence. 
Bkanpt, p. v., Miami co., OJiio: 79 m. W. Columbus. 
Brandt, t. and p. v., Erie co., K Y. : on Lake Eric and 
CatJaraugus t-r., 26S m. "W. Albany. Pop. 1 (»:'«. 

Br.^ndywinr, p. v., Shelby co., Ind. : 23 m. S. E. Indian- 
apolis. 

Erandtwine, p. v.. Prince George's co,, Md. : 36 m. S. W. 
Annapi'lis. 

Braj^dywine creek: rises in Pennsylvania, whence it 
flows S. into Delaware, and after uniting with Christina cr. 
it enters the Delaware, forming the harbor of "Wilmington. 
It is navigable to Brandywine village, at which point there 
is 6 or 7 feet water at tide; and furnishes cxeelleut mill 
sites, which are occupied by numerous flour mills. 

Bbandy^tise, bund., Newcastle county, Del. : between 
Brandywine cr. and Delaware r., and contains 22,166 acres. 
It has numerous fi<mr and other mills. Pop. 3,492. 
Brandywine Manor, p. o., Chester co., Penn. 
BRANDYwaNE MiLLS, p. o., Summit eo., Ohio, 
Brandywine Springs, p. c, Newcastle, Dd. 
Branfoed,!. and p. v.. New Haven co., Conn. : on Bran- 
f.ird r. of Long Island Sound, 4=3 m. S. by W. Hartford, 
The New Haven and New Loudon R. R. passes through 
the t. 7 m. E. New Haven. Pop. 1,425. 

Brantlnguam, p. v., Lewis co., N'. Y.: 114 m. N. W. 
Albany. 

BRAsnEii'8 Falls, p. o.. Si. Lawrence co., M. Y. : on Deer 
r., and near the line of the Norlliem R. R., 152 m. N. W. 
Albany. The falls and rapids of tlio r. Aimish extensive 
water-power. 

Beasher's Iron "Woeeb, p. o., 8t. Lawrence co., N. Y. . 
161 m. N. W. Albany. 

BEAsnnRsviLLE, p. v.. Perry co., Ky. : 122 m. S. E. Frank- 
fort, 

Brasstown, p. T , Union co., Ga. : 142 m. N. by W. 
Millrdgeville. 

BRATTLEuoRoron, t. and p. v., Windham co., Term. : ou 
the W. side of Connecticut r., 99 m. S. by E. Montpelier. 
The Vermont and Massachusetts R. R. and the Vermont 
Valley R. R. here form a junction. 69 m. from Fitclil>urg, 
and 24 ft-om BelioWs Falls. Manufactures are extensive, 
and the t. one of the most flourishing in the Slate. Three 
newspapers are published here, the " Eagle," semi-weekly, 
and the "Vermont Phoenix," and the "AYindham County 
Democrat," weekly. 

Brattonsville, p. v., York dist, 5. Car.: 54 m. N. 
Columbia. Pop. 3.S1C. 

Beaxtox county. Virg. Situate N. W.. and contains SOO 
sq. m. Draine<i by Elk and Little Kanawha rivers and 
their numerous tributaries. Surface hilly in the S.— in oth- 

7T 



BRA 

er parls, broken and rough. Coal is found in the county. 
Soils moderately fertile, producing wheat, corn, and tobac- 
co. Large quantities of sugar are made. Farms 408; 
nianuf. 10; dwell. 679, and pop.— wh. 4,123, fr. col. 0, s\. 
69— total 4,212. Capital : Braxton C. H. 

Beaxto.v, p. v., and cap. Braxton co., Virg. ; on Elk r., 
1S9 m. W. by N. Richmond. 
Brazil, p. v., Clay co., Ind. : 54 m. W. Indianapolis. 
Beazokia county, Tex. Situate 8. E. on the Gulf, and 
contains about 1.2O0 sq. ra. Drained by the San Bernardo, 
Brazos, and innumerable streams flowing into these and the 
Gulf.of Mexico. Surface low and level : witliin 10 m. of the 
coast the country is an open prairie — the residue is beauti- 
fully variegated, with woods of live-oak lining the streams. 
Soil, except near the coast, a deep black mold, and very 
productive. Farms 134; dwell. 296, and pop.— wh. 1,329, 
fr. col. 5, si. 3,507— total 4,841. Capital: Brazoria. 

Brazoria, p. v., and cap. Brazoria co., TfO-.; on W. 
side of Brazos r., 53 m. from the Gulf, and 197 m. S. E. 
Austin City. 

Brazos county, Tecp. Situate centrally on the forks of 
Br.^os and Navasoto rivers, and contains 320 sq. m. Drain- 
ed by streams falling from a central watershed to the bor- 
der rivers. Surface elevated and undulating; timber skirt- 
ing the water-courses ; soils exceedingly rich and productive 
of sugar and cotton, with the grains. Farms 47; dwell. SI, 
and pnp._wh. 46G, fr. col. 0, si. 14S— total 614. Capit<il: 
Booneville. 

Brazos river, 7kc. ; one of the largest rivers of the State, 
emptying directly into the Gulf of Mexico. It rises in a 
vast number of tributaries in the hilly region of the N. W., 
and has a general S. S. E. direction. In its lower course 
it is navigable for ships— higher up, for steamers and boats. 
Its largest confluents are Little r., Tegua r., and the Nava- 
soto r. : the two first from the "W., and the latter from the E. 
Brazos Santiago, p. v., Cameron co., Tex. : a few miles 
N. of the mouth of the Eio Grande, and about 300 m. S. 
Austin City. 

Beeakabeen, p. 0., Schoharie co., IT. T. : 46 m. W. 
Albany. 

Breakn-eck, p. v., Butler co., Pemi.: 172 m. yf. by N. 
Harrisburg. 
Bruan's BEroGE, p. 0., St. Martin's par., La. 
Breathitt county, Ki/. Situate E., and contains 6S0 sq. 
m. Draineul by N. and middle forks of Kentucky. Sur- 
face hilly and broken — the N. and N. E. parts mountain- 
ous; and the soils, except on the rivers, indiflL-rently pro- 
ductive. Bituminous coal is abundant. Farms 433 ; manuf. 
15 ; dwell. GUS, and pop.— wh. 3,003, fr. col. 12, si. 170— 
total 8,TS5. Cajntal: Jackson. 

Breckesridge county, Ky. Situate N. "W. on Ohio r., 
and contains 456 sq. m. Drained by Rough cr. and its trib- 
utaries in the S., and by Sinking and other creeks of the 
Ohio in the N. Surface uneven, but soils productive. 
Sinks occur in this county. Farms 8S9 ; manuf. IS; dwell. 
1,452, and pop.— wh. 8,616, fr. col. 11, si. 1,966— total 10,593. 
Capital : Hardingsburg. 

Breeding's, p. o., Adair co., S'//. : 73 m. S. "W. Frank- 
fort. 

Breese, p. 0., Greene co., III. : 46 m. "W. by 8, Spring- 
field. 

Breinigsville, p. T., Lehigh co., Pemi.: 74 m. E.byN. 
Harrisburg. 
Breme.v, p. v., Cook CO., TIL : 152 m. N. E. Springfield. 
Bremen, p. o., Marshall co., Ind. : 106 m. N. by W. In- 
dianapolis. 

Bremen, p. o., Mecklenburg co., Ki/.: on the E. side of 
Pond er. of Green r., 146 m. "W. S. W. Frankfort. 

Bremen, t, and p. v., Lincoln co., 3fe. : occupies a penin- 
sula jutting into the Atlantic, 37 m. S. by E. Augusta. It 
is almost surrounded by navigable waters. Pop. 891. 

Bremen, p. v., Fan-field co., Ohio: on Eush cr., 37 m. 
B. E. Columbus. 
7S 



ERI 



Bremen, p. v., St Louis co.. Mo. : 109 m. E. Jefl'crson 
City. 

Bremer county, la. Situate N. E., and contams 432 sq. 
m. Taken from Poltowattomic in 1S51. 

Beenuam, p. v., and cap. Washington co., 7^. ; on New 
Tear's cr. of Brazos r., S4 m. E. Austin City. 

Brennebsvili-e, p. v., I'reble co.,- Ohio: S9 m. W. Co 
lumbus. 

B RENTS VTLLE, p. V., and cap. Prince William co., Jlrff.: 
on a branch <rfOecoqiiam r., 7S m. N. Kichmond. 

Brentwood, t. and p. v., Kockmgham co., y. Uamp.: 
on Exeter r., 83 m. S. E. Concord, Sulphate of iron i« 
abundant in this locality. Pop. 923. 

BnaST, p. 0., Monroe co., Mich. : on Lake Erie, at tho 
mouth of Stoney cr., 86 m. S. E. Lansing. The harbor 
facilities are very eligible for lake craft. 

Brewer, t. and p. o., Penobscot co., Me. : on the E. side 
of Penobscot r., oj)positc Bangor, 57 m. N. E. Augusta. 

Brewer Centre, p. o., Penobscot co.. Ma. : 59 m. N. E. 
Augusta. 

Erewerstille, p. v., Sumter co., Ala. : 105 m. W. by N. 
Montgomery. 

J Bbeweesville, p. v., Jennings co., Ind. : 67 m. S. "W. 
Indianapolis. 

Breweeton, p.v.,Onondagaco.,A'. T.: 112m.'W.byN. 
Albany. 

Brewerton, p. v., Laurens dist., S. CUr. : 61 m. W. by N. 
Columbia. 

Brewer Village, p. v., Penobscot co., Me. : opposite 
Bangor, 57 m. N. E. Augusta. Steamers call here regu- 
lariy. 

Brewtngton, p. v., Sumter dist,, S. Car. : 53 m. E. by S. 
Columbia. 

Brewster, t and p. v., Barnstable co., Mass. : on Capo 
Cod Bay, 67 m. S. E. Boston. It has some manufactures, 
but the inhabitants are chiefly fishermen. Pop. 1,526. 

Brewster's Station, p. o., Putnam co., A'". Y. : h2 m. S. 
Albany. 

Bf.icKERviLLE, p. v., Lancastcr co., Pejin. : 2S m. E. S. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Bricklani*, p. v., Lunenburgh co., Virg.: 66 m S. W. 
Ilichmond. 

Brick Meeting House, p. o., Cecil co., Md. : 59 m. N.N.E. 
Annapolis. 

Brick Store, p. o., Newton co., Ga,: 47 m. N. W, Mil- 
lad gevilJe. 

Bricksville, p. v., Cuyahoga co., Ohio: on Cuyahoga 
cr., US m. N. E. Columbus. 

Brickville, p. v., Lawrence co., Alu. : a little S. of Ten- 
nessee r., at Muscle Shoals, and 193 m. N. by W. Mont- 
gomery. 

Bridfj^bueg, p. v., Pliiladelphia co., Penn. : 91 m. E. 
Harrisburg. 
Bridge, p. o., St. Francis co.. Ark. 
Bridoebouougu, p. v., Burlington co., y.Jpr. 
Bridge Creek, p. o., Geauga co., Ohio: 12S m. N. E. 
Columbus: 

BnrDi;EFOETn's, p. o., Limestone co., Ala. : 196 m. N. byW. 
Montgomery, 

BiUDGEHAMPTON, p. V., SuflVilk CO., X. Y. / ou the E. end 
of Long Island, on the Atlantic. 137 m. S. E. Albany. 

Bripgepoet, t. and p. oity, Fairfield co., Coini.: on an 
arm of Long Island Sound, which receives Poquanock r., a 
fine mill stream, 7S m. S. W. Hartford. The harbor is 
eligiljlc for large steamboats and trading crafi, and ihe city 
has extensive manufactures. The New York and New 
Haven R. E. is here intersected by the Ilouaalonic E. R., 
giving it access to the E. and "W., and to the N. Th« 
'•Eepublican Standard" (whig) is published tri-weekly and 
weekly, and the "Eepublican Farmer" (dem.) weekly. 
Pop. 7,588. 

Bridgeport, p. v., Huntingdon co., Pen7i. : 02 ra. W. 
Harrisburg. 



BRI 



BRI 



BRiniiEPi>RT, p. v., Marioa co., /«(/,; on National Road, 
9 m. W. Iinlianapolis. 

Er.iDfiEPoRT, p. v., Franklin co,, Ky, : 5 m. from Frank- 
fort. 

Bridgeport, t. and p. v., Saginaw co., Mirh. : on the 
S. side of Cass r. of the Saginaw, 01 m. N. E. Lansing. 

Br.iDGnpORT, p. v., Madison co., N. Y. : on Chitlenango 
cr. of Oneida Lake, 105 m. W. by N. Albany. 

BEinQEi'OKT, p. v., Gloucester co., X. Jcr. : 34 m. S. by 
"W. Trenton. 

Cridgei'ort, p. v., Belmont co., Ohio: on the Ohio r. 
opposite Wheeling. 114 m. E. Coluntbus. It will eventually 
be an important K. R. centre, where the lines from Penn- 
sylvania and Virginia will conm'ot with those of Ohio. The 
'• Belmont Farmer," an agrieuUural paper, \% issued month- 
ly. Ita trade is cousidcraMo, and it has some substantial 
warehouses. 

Bridgei'okt, p. v., Harrison co., Tirg.: 1S6 m. N. "W. 
Richmond. 

Bridgeport, p. v., Brown co., Wise. : on E. side of Fox 
r., V23 m. N. E. Madison. 

Bridgeport, p. v., Jackson co., /a. : on Makoqueta r., 
57 m. N. E. Iowa City. 

Bridgeton, p. v., port, and cap Cumberland co.j-KiT^r..* 
on CohansL'y cr., 2U m. up, and 60 m. S. Trent<jn. Sloops 
come up to the port, and the v. has considerable business. 
Shipping owned in the district 14,473 tons. Two news- 
papers, the "Bridgeton Chronicle" and the "New Jersey 
Pioneer," arc i&saed weekly. On the "W. Bide of the cr. are 
extensive iron works. Pop. oft. 2,440. 
Beidgetox, p. v., Pars co., Ind. : 61 m. TV". Indianapolis. 
Bridgeton, L and p. v., Cumberland co., Jfe.: on Long 
Pond, 51 m. S. W. Augusta. From this point there is a 
navigable communication to Portland through the Oxford 
and Cumberland Canal. Pop. 2,T10. 

Bridgeton, p. v., St. Louis co.. Mo. : 13 m. N. *W. St. 
Louis and 101 m. E. Jefferson City. 

Bkidgetom, p. v., Shelby co., Ala.: 63 m. N. N. W. 
Montgomery. 

Bridgetown, p. v., Caroline co., Md.: 42 m. E. Anna- 
polis. 
Brtdge Valley, p. o., Bucks co., Pf^n?u 
Beidgeville, p. v., Dorchester co., JfcJ. 
BRiDGEvrLLE, p. T., Sussox CO., DeL : on the S. side of 
Nauticoke r., 3S m. "W. by S. Dover. 

BRrDGE\^LLE, p. v., Warren co., X. Jer. : on Pcquest r., 
43 m. N. by W. Trenton. 

Bridgeville, p. v., Sullivan co., X. Y, : 02 m. S. W. 
Albany. 

Bridgetille, p. T., Muskingum co., Ohio: 51 m. E. 
Columbus. 

Bridgewatee, p. v., Litchfield co., Conn.: 56 m. W. 
Hartford. 

Bridgewatep., p. v., Washtenaw CO., Jfic?i.: on N. 
branch of Raisin r., 57 ra. S. E. Lansing. 

Bridgewatee, t and p. v., Plymouth co., Mas.^. : on 
Taunton r., 29 m. S. Boston. Fall River E. R. passes 
through the t., and the Bridgewater Branch R. R. extends 
between South Abington and Bridgewater. It has numer- 
ous manufactures. Pop. 2,7ti0. 

Bridgewater, t and p. v., Grafton co., X. ITamp ; be- 
tween Pemegewasset r. and Newfound Lake, 3(J m. N. by 
W. Concord. Pop. 604. 

Bridgewater, p. t-, Oneida co., X. Y.. on a cr, of Un- 
adilla r.. TS m. W. Albany. Pop. l,30S. 

Bridgewater, t. and p. v., Williams co., Ohio : on the 

St. Josephs of the Maumee, 13S m. N. W. Columbus. P.493 

Bridgewatee, U and p. v., Aroostook co.. Me, Pop. 14'.». 

Bridgewatee, p. v., Bucks co., Penn. : 103 m. E. by N. 

Ilarrisburg. 

Bridgewater, p. v., Rockingham co., Virg. : 104 m. 
N. W. Richmond. 
Bridgewateb, p. t, Windsor co., Verm. : on Water- 



queecliy r., 4G m. S. Montpelier. Soapstone is extensively 
quarried in this t., also iron. Killiugtou Peak lies on the 
W. border. Pop. 1,311. 

Bridle Creek, p. o., Grayson co., Virg.: 200 m, W. by 
S. Richmond. 

Beidp'irt, t. and p. o., Addison co., T^=/v/).; on Lake 
Champlain, opposite Crown Pt-Hnt, 41 in. W. S. W. Mont- 
peher. The waters of tlie t. are strongly impregnated with 
sulphate of magnesia. Pop. 1,393. 

Brier Creek, p. o., Wilkes co., X. Cur. : 139 m. W. by 
N. RaleiglL 

Brier Creek, t. and p. o., Columbia co., Ptrin. : GO in, 
N. N. E. Harrisburg. 

Brier Hull, p. o., St Lawrence co., X. Y. : 1C9 m. N. W. 
Albany. 

Brigo's Mii,L3, p. o., Ohio co., iTy. ; 122 m. W by S. 
Frankfort. 

Cr.iGUT, p. o., Dearborn co., I/nL: 78 m. S. E. Indian- 
apolis. 

Bpjgiiton, t and p. o., Essex co.. Verm.: on the Green 
Mountains near tho Canada border, 52 m. K. E. Montpelier, 
St. Francis r. has ita soun>e in this locality. Pop. 193. 
. Brighton, p. v., Macoupin co.. III.: 42 m. S. by W. 
Springfield. 

Brighton, p. v., Beaufort dtst., S. Car. : 108 m. S. Co- 
lumbia. 

Brighton, t. and p. v., Washington co., la.: on the 3. 
side of Skunk r., 35 m. S. by W. Iowa City. 

Brighton, t. and p. v., Somerset co., Me.: 43 m. N. 
Augusta. Pop. 74S. 

Brighton, t. and p. v., Livingston co., Midi. : 53 m. E. by 
S. Lansing. Prp. 1,015. 

Brighton, t. and p. v., Middlesex co., Mass. : on Charles 
r., 5 m. W. Boston, with which it communicates by R. li. 
The Eosfon cattle market is located here, and in 1S49 tho 
animals sold counted 4G.4G5 beef cattle, 2i>,i'S5 store cattle, 
14->.905 sheep, and 80,120 swine, valued at $2,976,205. A 
Cemetery has been lately C3tabli."*hcd. Assessed valuation 
$1,146,212. Pop. 2,35G. 

Beiguton, t. and p. v., Monroe co., X. Y.: on the Erie 
Canal, 259 m. from Albany. Pop. 3.117. 

Brighton, v., Richmond co., X. Y.: a beautiful village 
and summer resort on Staten Islaud, 152 m. S. Albany. 

Brighton, t. and p. v., Loraiuo co„ Ohio: on the W. 
branch of Black r., SO m, N. N. K. Columbus. Pop. 009. 

Brighton, p. v., Beaver co., Penn.: on W. side Big 
Beaver r., 4 m. from its moutli, and 193 m. W. Ilarrisburg. 
It is connected with New Brighton by a fine bridge. The 
Ohio and Pennsylvania R. K. passes BrigUlon, 3S m. from 
Pittsburg 

Brighton, t and p. v., Kenosha co.. Wise. : 117 m. 
E. S. E. Madison, roj). sio. 

Bi:ighton, v., Sacramento co., Calif. : on E. side of Sa- 
cramento r., 53 HI. N. W. Vallejo. 
Bright Seat, p. v.. Anno Arundel co., Md. 
Beightstille, p. v., Marlborough dist., S. Car.: on 
Crooked cr. of Great Pedee r., 94 m. N. E. Columbia. 

Brimfield, p. 0., Peoria co.. Ill, : 46 m. N. by W. Spring- 
field. 

Brimfield, t. and p. v.. Hampden co.. Mass. : on Chico- 
pee and (>uinnebaug r., 03 m. W. S. W. Boston. P. 1.4:il. 
Beimfield. t. and p. v., Portage co., Ohio: 113 m. N. E. 
Columbus. Pop. 1,015. 

Brindletown, p. v., Burke co., X. Car. : on the E. side 
of Silver cr. of Catawba r., lOS ra. W. Raleigh. 

Bringham's Grove, p. o., Tippecanoe co., Ind.: 62 m. 
N. W. Indianapoliy. 

Beingiers, p. v., and cap. St. James par.. La.: on W. 
side of Mississippi r., 35 m. S. Baton Rnijjje. 

Br.iNKi.EYTiLLE, p. v., Halifax co., X. Car. : on Little 
Fishing cr., 54 m. N. E. Raleigh. 

Brinton, p. v., Champaign co., Ohio: 52 m. W. by N, 
Colmubus. 

70 



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Briscoe Run, p. o., Wood co., Vlrff. : 940 m. "W. N. "W. 
Eichmond. 

Beistebsbubgh, p. T., Fauquier co., Virg. : S9 m, N. by 
"W. Eichmond. 

Bristol county, Sfnss. Situate S. E. on Buzzards' Bay, 
and contaijis 620 sq. m. Drained by Taunton and other 
rivers. Coasta deeply indented. Surface level ; soils mod- 
erately fertile. Navigation and manufactures employ most 
of the inhabitants. Farms 2, 650 ; manuf. 562 ; dwell. 12,134, 
find pop.— wh. 74,760, fr. cpl., 1,432— total 76,192. Capi- 
tals: New Bedford and Taunton. Puhlic Works: Boston 
and Providenco E. E. ; Fall Eiver E. E. ; Taunton and 
New Bedford E. E., etc. 

BR16TOL county, Ji. I. SitiHite E. between Mt. Hope and 
Narraganeet bays, and contains 96 sq. m. Surface diversi- 
fied : soils, a gravelly loam and fertile. Farms 200 ; manuf. 
87 ; dwell. 1,167, and pop.— wh. 8,190, fr. col. 824— total 
8,514. CajnUd: Bristol. 

Bristol, t. and p. v., Hartford co.. Conn.: on branches 
of Farniinglon r., 14 m. A\'. by S. Hartford. It is distin- 
guished for its manufacturing industry, and especially for 
its clocks, etc. Pop. 2,SS4. 

E-RisTOL, p. v., Kendall co., lU. : on W. side Fox r., op- 
posite YorkviUe, 139 m. N. N. E, Springtlel.l. 

Bristol, p. v., Anne Arundel co., J/c?, ; 29 m. N. N. "W. 
Annapolis. 

Bristol, t. and p. c, Lincoln co., Me. : on the E. srde of 
Damariscotta r. at its mouth, 30 m. S. by E. Augusta. It 
has a good harbor, and some shipping engaged in the 
coasting trade and fisheries. Pop. 2,91(t. 

Bristol, t. and p. v., Grafton co., JVI ITamp. : between 
Peracgawasset r. and Newfotmd Lake, 81 m. N. by "W. 
Concord. Pop. 1,103. 

Bristol, t. and p. v., Ontario co., K Y.: on Mudd cr., 
1S2 m. W. Albany. 

Bristol, t. and p. v., Morgan co., 07tto : on Meigs cr. of 
Muskingham r., 66 m. E. by S. Columbus. Pup. 1,725. 

Bristol, t. and p. v., Eueks co., Fenn. : on the W. bank of 
Delaware r., and the E. terminus of the Delaware division 
of the Pennsylvania Canal, IdS m. E. Harrisburg. Im- 
mense amounts of coal are deposited here and shipped to 
the E. A newspaper, the "B. Gazette," is published week- 
ly. The Trenton and Philadelphia E. E. passes through 
Bristol, 19 ra. N. Philadelphia. Pop. 2,578. 

Bristol, t., p. v., port, and cap. Bristol co., Ji. I. : on the 
E. side of Narragansett Bay, IS m. S. by E. Providence. 
It has a good harbor, and is extensively engaged in coast- 
ing and the fisheries. The shipping owned in the district, 
13,193 tons. The "Bristol Phcenix" is published weekly. 
Mt. llope lies in this t, 2 m. N. E. of the C. II., which is 
a fine elevation of about 300 feet. Here King Philip, chief 
of the Pequods, held his court; the view from the summit 
is extensive and highly interesting. Pop. 4,616. 

Bristol, t. and p. v., Addison co., Verm.: on the New 
Haven r., 50 m. S. "W. Montpelier. The Green Mountains 
occupy the E. portions of the t., but in tho TV. the surface 
is level and fertile. Pop. 1,344, 

BafcTOL, t. and p. v., Kenosha co., Wi&c. : on Des Pki-ines 
r, 183 m. E. S. E. Madison. Pop. 1,225. 

Bristol Centee, p. o., Ontario co., IT. Y. : 192 m. "W. 
Albany. 

Brlstoltille, p. v., Trumbull co., Ohio: on Grand r., 
144 m. N. E. Columbus. 

Beibtolville, p. v., Barry co., MicJi. 

Briston. p. v., Elkhart co., Iji(f. : on tlie line of the In- 
diana Northern E. E., and S. of St. Josept r., 183 m. N. 
Indianapolis. 

Britton'8 Neck, p. o., Marron dist., S. Car.: 112 m. E. 
Columbia. 

Brixton, p. v., Alexandria co., Vlrg. : 93 m. N. Eich- 
mond. 

Broapalbin, t. .ind p. v., Fulton co., y. Y. : 86 m. N. W. 
Albany. Pop. 2,474. 
SO 



Broad Brook, p. o., Hartford co., Cojm. 

Broad Creek, hund., Sussex co., Del.: between li road 
cr. and Nanticoke cr., and contains 60,&i60 acres. Pop. 2,712. 

Broad Creek, p. o., Queen Anne co., J/d. 

Broadfoud, p. T., Smyth co., Virg. 

Broadkilm, bund., I^ussex co., J>el. : in the N. E. part of 
the CO., and contains 8,916 acres. Pop. 8,927. 

Broad Mountain, p. i>.,SeluiylkiIl co., Penn. 

Broad Oaks, p. o., Pope co., fU.: 373 ro. S. Springfield. 

Broad Eipple, p. o., Marion co., Ind. ; on a cr. of Broad 
r., 69 m. N. E. Milledgevillc. 

Broad river, Ga. : one of the W. branches of Savannah 
r., which it enters at Petersburg, 

Broad river, S. Car. : an arm of the Atlantic, between 
Port Eoyal Island and the main. Beaufort is situated on 
this river. 

Broad river, S. Car. : rises in North Carolina, and. re- 
ceiving the Pacolet and Tiger rivors. unites with the Saluda, 
above Columbus, forming the Congaree. 

Broad river, p. o., Elbert co., Ga. : on tho N. side of 
Broad r., 67 m. N. E. Millcdgeville. 

Broad Top, p. o., Huntingdon co., Penin.: 74 m, "W. 
Harrisburg. 

Broadway, p. o., "Warren co., K Jer. : on the lino of the 
Morris Canal, 37 m. N. by "W. Trenton. 

Broadwell, p. o., Harrison co., Ky. : 82 m. N. E. 
Frankfort. 

Brock, p. o., Darke co., Ohio : 84 m. W. Columbns. 

Bbockawattjlle, p. v., Jefferson eo., Penn. : 154 m. 
W. N. W. Harrisburg. 

Brockett's Bridge, p. o., Fulton CO., JV) K ; 73 m. 
"W. N. W. Albany. 

Brockport, p. v., Monroe co., 2^. Y.:oq the Erie Canal, 
217 m. "W. Albany. It has some manufactures, and a 
weekly newspaper, the " B. Watchman." 

Brock's Crossing, p. o., St. Croix co., Wise. : 212 m. N. W. 
Madison. 

Erock*s Gap, p. c, Eockingham eo., Tirg.: 102 m. 
N. W. Eichmond. 

Erokex Abkow, p. 0., St Cladr co., Ala. : 103 m. N 
Montgomery. 

Broken Sword, p. o., Crawford co., 0?do: 62 m. N 
Columbus. 

Bronson, p. 0., Huron co., Ohio : 78 m. N. Columbns. 

Bronbon'b Prairie, p. o.. Branch co., Midi. : 97 m. S. W. 
Lansing. 

Brookdale, p. 0., M'Honry co., III. : 273 m. N. N. E. 
Springfield. 

Brooke county, Virg. Situate N. "W., between the Ohio 
r. and the Pennsylvania State lino, and conhiins 154 sq. ra. 
Surface uneven, and soil fertile. Iron ore and bituminous 
coal are abundant Farms 284; manuf. 29; dwell. S39, and 
pop._wb. 4,92.3, fr. col. 100, el. 31— total 5,054. Capital: 
Wellsburg. Pullio Works: Pittsburg and Steubenville 
E. E. 

Erooefield, t. and p. v., Fairfield co., Conn. : on Still r., 
a branch of Ilouaatonic r., 42 m. S. W. Hartford. The Hou- 
satonic E. E. passes through it, 29 m. N. Bridgeport 
Pop. 1,860. 

Brooktield, p. T., Leo co., HI. : 196 m. N. Springfield. 

Brookfield, t. and p. t., Worcester co., Mass. : 58 m. W. 
Boston. 

BnooimELD, t and p. v., Carroll co., K. JTamp. : 31 m. 
N. E. Concord. Near tho centre of the t is a pond, the 
source of tho W. branch of Salmon Fall r., and there is a 
stiU larger pond on the N. W., which empties into Winni- 
piseogee Lake. Pop. 552. 

Beookfield, p. v., Jackson co., la. : 5S m. N. E. Iowa City. 

Brookfield, p. v., Madison co., A^. Y.: on Unadilla r., 
59 m. W. Albany. The tributaries of the Unadilla furnish 
fine mill sites, 

Brookfield, t. and p v., Trumbull co., OMo : on s 
branch of Shenango cr., 153 m. N. E. ColumbuB. P. 1,451. 



BRO 



BUG 



Brookfiet-d, t. and p. v., Tinjra en.. }',')in.: on Cowa- 
ncsque or. nfTio^ar., 142 m. N. N. W. Hnrrislmri:. 

Bi'.ooKFiEi.p, 1. and p. v.. Onm^n en.. IVr»?. ; 19 m. S. 
MiMitpcruT. Several ponds in Ihis t. art- s^mrcrs of tribula- 
ries of White r. Mar! is almnrJant. Top. 1,r,T'>. 

Brookfielp, t and p. v., Waula'slia co., If7.se. ; on Fox 
r., lliS in. E. Madison. The Mihvaukie and Mississippi 
li. Vi. pas,ses through fho t., 20 ni. W. Mtlwaukif. V. l.'.CSO. 

I'i:oo(iiiAVF-N, p. v., Lawrence en., Mi.ss. : ou a head 
Btreani of Bogne Chitio, 76 m. S. Jaekson. 

Br.iKiKnAVEN, t, Suffolk CO., K. Y. Pop. S.ridT. 

Brooklaxdville, p. v., Baltimore cct., Mif.: on the lino 
of the AVostminster Branch R. E., 17 ni. from lialtiniore. 

BiuioKi.iN, p. t., Hancock co., 3[e. : TiS m. K. vVuirusla. 

Brooklin, p. v., Clark co., Jifo.: l;JS m. N. E. Jefferson 
City. 

Brookltne, p. v., Madison co.. Oo.: on the "W". sldo of 
the middle fork of Broad r.. 71 m. N. N. E. Milled-jeville. 

Brooklisk, t. and p. v., Norfolk co., J/*'/.*;.'). .• 3 ni. W. by 
S. Bnslon. It is chiefly occnjiii-'d by the arisloeraey of Bos- 
ton, who have country seals and villas in this loealily. 
pop. 5.51(;. It is reaeiied hy the Western Avenue aii'l li.B. 

Brookune. p. v., Jackson par., /,-/. .- V>G ni. X. W. Baton 
pLougc. 

Brooki.ise. t. and p. o., Ilillsborougli co., y. ITumj). ; 33 
ni. S. by W. Concord, pop. TIS. 

Brookline. t. and p. v., Windham co., Ventr. : SG m. S. 
Monlpelicr. Pop. 2S5. 

Brookltx. p. v., Conecuh en., Ahi. : on the W. side of 
Conecuh r, 78 m. S. by AV. Monlgonury. 

Brooklyn, p. v., Campbell co., A'l/.: bS m. N. N. E. 
Frankfort, 

Brookltx, t,, p. t., and cnp. "Winilham co., Cnmi.: on 
Quinnebaug r., 38 m. E. by N. llarlford. P()p. l.rdS. 

Brooklyn, p. v., Schuyler co.. /U. : on W. side of Crooked 
cr.. 97 m. W. N. W. Springfiehl. 

Brooklyn, p. v., Noxubee co., ITiss. : 112 m. N. E. 
Jackson. 

BnooKLTy. p. v., Jackson ca.,Mich,: on Omose cr. of 
the N. branch of Raisin r., 44 m. S. by E. Lansing. 

Brooklyn, p. city, and cap. Kings co., K. Y. : on the W. 
end of Long Island, opposite Ne\y York City. 14.'> m. S. 
Albany. Pop. in ISID. 4.402 ; in 1^20, T,17o ; in ls:jri, lo,30fj ; 
in 1S40, 3t).'J;j3; and in 1S50, 9G,S3?. It is now the cifjhtli. 
in regard to population, in the Union, and the second in 
the State. IJwell.. in 1*50, 10,197. Value of real estate 
$32,010,711, and of personal property $3.i)50.5S!). 

Brooklyn was originally built on, very uneven ground, 
and still— although the grades have been greatly leveled— 
retains many of the natural beauties for which it was so 
pre-eminent. The Heights of Brooklyn, seen fVom the 
New York side of the East River, are unrivalled as city 
Bccnory, and there are also, farther back, eminences which 
affonl fine localities for residences. The streets are regu- 
larly laiii out, and are from GO to 100 feet wide ; an*! on ihc 
whole, no other city of the Union has 8i> many substantial 
and handsome public buildings. The City Hall is a fine 
marble structure, at the head of Fulton-street, and tlie liauk- 
ing houses, school-houses, and churches are elegant and 
conunodious. It is the city of churches. The city \» divi- 
ded into eleven wards, and governed by a mayor and 
common council, and in its police arrangements is much 
superior to the neighboring city of NewYork. It is lighted 
Uiroughout with gas, which has also been generally intro- 
duced into the dwellings of the ricli ; and there is a project 
on foot for introducing into the city a supply of water rn>m 
the S. side of Long Island. At present, water is supplied 
from the public jmnips or cisterns; and in case of an ex- 
t*.-nsive lire, there is not a sufficiency. The charter ofHeers 
of the city are the mayor, comptroller, street cominissioner, 
commissioner of repairs and supplies, collector of taxes, and 
chi.*f of police; au'i for each ward an alderman ami assist- 
ant aldfiman, a supervisor, an assessor, a commissioner 



of excise, and constable. These are elected by the citizens, 
and form respectively boards intrusted with the city gov- 
ernment. The city clerk, the attorney and oounst-Ior, the 
health oHicer, the city treasurer, the sealer of weights and 
measures, the clerk of police and justices courts, the city 
surveyors, etc, are appointed by the common council. For 
jiolice purposes, the city is divided into four districts, each, 
except the first district (which has 4S), liaving ^2 police- 
men, under a captain and two assistant captains. 

The commerce of Brooklyn is relatively large ; but as (lie 
city is within the collection districtof NewYork. no se]>:irate 
returns are made in the published accounts. TIio river front 
of the city is literally fringed with wharves, and backed by 
extensive warehouses, while the Atlantic Dock and its im- 
mense stores enhance the importance of its shipping facili- 
ties. The dock contains 42\ acres, and the pier front, facing 
on Buttermilk Channel, has a length of 3.000 feet. Ships 
of the largest size ente#it, and unload into the a'ljoining 
stores by means of patent cranes, worked by steam-power. 
Otlu'r dock facilities are about to be built beyond Red 
ilodj:. There are four banks in the city, two savings' in- 
stitutions, and four fire insurance companies, witli numerous 
other associations for commercial and economical purposes. 
Its churehes number G^i, of which 11 are Ei>iseoi»al, 7 Ro- 
man Catholic, 6 Baptist, 6 German Reformed, f> Congrega- 
tional, 7 Presbyterian, 11 Methodist Episcopal, and each 
one, African Methodist Episcopal, Universalist, Unitarian, 
Frieinls, Sailors' Bethel. Congregational Methodist, Ameri- 
can Primitive Methndist, Protestant Slethodist, Second 
Ailvont, and Reformed Presbyterian. The city contains 
thirteen school districts, which ar; under the superintend- 
ence of the Board of Eilucation. It also constitutes one 
colored school district. The public schools are entirely 
free to children residing within the respective districts in 
whi<-h the schools are located. Each district contains a 
valuable district library, the use of the books being free to 
all the inhabitants of the district, both male and female. 
In the larger <iistricts the libraries number between 3,000 
and 4,000 volumes each. Academics and high schools for 
youth of both sexes are also very numerous, and are gen- 
erally well and ably conducted. The Brooklyn Institute, 
Washington-street, is one of its highest institutions, and lias 
connecteil with it a Youths' Free Library, and free lectures 
and concerts are given during the winter. Among the 
benevolent institutions of the city, the most conspicuous 
are the City IIosj)ital, Raymond-street, and the Dispensary 
in Pineapple-street. 

In the east part of Brooklyn is the United States' Navy 
Yard, situate on the Wailabout. It covers some 40 acres, 
and contiguous thereto are mooring grounds, etc. The 
yard is inclosed on the land side by a high brick wall, and 
within are large ship-houseg, timber sheds, store-houses, 
workshops, etc. ; and an immense Dry Dock, the greatest 
work of the kind within the United States, has been lately 
completed. The Naval Hospital, half a mile east of the 
yard, occupies a oommanding eminence, and is surrounded 
by a fine park and grounds, about S3 acres in extent. 

The Greenwood Cemetery, on Gowanus Heights, in the 
S, part of the city, is one of the most picturesque and beau- 
tiful burial-plots any where to be found. It occupies near- 
ly 300 acres of land, and is laid out in avenues, embellished 
by shade trees and shrubbery. The surface is of every va- 
riety, interspersed with ponds and lakelets, and from its 
higher parts commands an extensive view of the harbor, and 
the scenery of the lower Hudson. Its monuments, erected in 
memory of the dead, some at the expense of the public or 
societies, and others in commemoration of private friendships 
or relations, are of every description, but chiefly of white 
marble, and finely sculptured. Altogether, it is the most 
extensive and most beautiful cemetery within the borders 
of the Union, and is an establishment of which the city 
may well be proud. 

For so large a city, Brooklyn is but poorly represented by 

61 



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ils press, n fact accounted for by its proximity to Xew York 
Cily, Itic liternry aa well as the commercial emporium of 
America. Foiir papers are publislied daily, the " B. Star," 
and the "■ B. Advertiser" (whii;), the " Daily Freeman" 
(indep't.), and the " B. Eagle'' (dem.) ; and the papers pub- 
lished weekly are the "Long Island Star" (whig), and the 
'•Independent" (temi>erance), and there is also a weekly 
edition of the "Eagle." The New York papers are deliv- 
ered here to citizens at the same time as in New York ; 
and as these generally contain more extended accounta of, 
and comments on current affairs, and arc conducted wilh 
more skill and talent, they have a nmch larg(;r circulation 
than the Brooklyn papers. The nearness of New York, 
indeed, affects every grade and profession in the same 
manner : few of the richer classes purchase their goods or 
provisions in Brooklyn ; and hence no department of life 
has the same vitality as it would have if the wealthy could 
be induced to purchase of their neighbor, instead of giving 
the profit of their custom to the traders |f the neighboring 
city. In many respects, however, BrookI}*u is only a sub- 
urb of the metropolis — a residence for business men, and 
not a mart of commerce. 

Brooklyn is connected with New York by five ferries: 
Hamilton Avenue Ferry and South Ferry (Atlantic-street), 
run to "Whitehall, in New York ; Fulton Ferry, from foot 
of Fulton-street, Brooklyn, to Fulton-street, New York ; 
Catharine Ferry, from foot of Maine-street, Brooklyn, to 
Catharine-street, New York ; and Jackson Ferry, fnitn foot 
of Jackson-street, Brooklyn, to foot of Govcrneur-street, 
New York. The steamboats on these ferries arc all of the 
first class, and commodious for carriages and wagons as 
■well as passengers. The fare ou the three first is one cent 
for each passenger. 

Brooklyn was the scene of stirring events at an early stage 
of the Eevolutionary War. In August, 177G, this part of 
Long Island became the seat of strife, and tht* fortifications 
then thrown np by the patriots may still be seen, but are 
now imdcrgoing the process of demolition to extend city 
improvements. The principal of these is Fort Green, 
■which will hence be known as Washington Park, and 
which will be devoted to recreation and health. Near the 
Navy Yard is tlic tomb in which are deposited the remains 
of 11.000 Americans who perished in the prison ships 
moored in the bay during the Revolution. At the conclu- 
sion of peace, in 17S3, BrookljTi contained only bd houses; 
nor was it until the period between 1^20 and 1^0 that it 
began to receive the overflowing population of Xew York. 
Since then it has rapidly increased, and in all probability 
the census of ISGO will find it a city of 200,000 souls. The 
only drawback, indeed, to its unlimited settlement, seems to 
be the want of a sufficient supi)!y of water for so large a 
population as cu-cumstances would indicate to be its destiny 
to contain. 

Brooklyn, t and p. v., Cuyahoga co., OMo: on a cr. of 
Cuyahoga r., 120 m. N. E. Columbus. The Cleveland and 
Columbus R. B., and Cleveland and Sandusky E. E. pass 
through the t immediately west of Clevt-land. Pop. 6,3T5. 

Brooklyn, I. and p. v., Susquehannah co., Fenn. : 133 
m. N. N. E. Harrislnirg. 

Brooklyn, p. v., Halifax co., Tirff. : 97 m. S. "W. Rich- 
mond. 

Brooicneal, p. v., Campbell co., Virff. : on the N. side 
of Roanoke r., 92 m. W. by S. Richmond. 

Brooks, t. and p. o., Waldo co., Me. : S" m. E. by N. 
Augusta. 

Brook's Gbote, p. o., Livingston co., A'. Y. : 212 m. W. 
Albany. 

Brook's, p. o., 'Jasper co., Tnd. : 96 m. N. W. Indian- 
apolis. 

Brook'6 Tan Yard, p. c, Macon co., Ten7i.: 49 m. 
E. N. E. Nashville. 

Brooksvillr, p. T., Blount co., Aln. : on a cr. of Ten- 
nessee r., 123 ra. X. by W. Montgomery. 
82 



Brooksville, p. v., Randolph co., Ga. : 183 m. S. W 
Milledgeville. 

Brooksville, t. and p. v., Hancock co,, JA=. ; on E. aide 
of Penobscot Bay, 49 m. E. Augusta. The t. occupies a 
peninsula navigable on three siiles. I'op. 1,333. 

Brooksvill?:. p. o., AlhemarU' co., Virg.: on the Virgi- 
nia Central R. K., ^\ m. X. W. Richmond. 

Brookville. p. o., Ogle CO., III. : on E. side of Elkhorn 
cr., 22G m. N. Springfield. 

Brookville, t., p. v., and cap. Franklin co., Itifh : be- 
tween the forks of Mhitrwater r.. about 2 m. X. of their 
junction, and 08 m. E. S. E. Indianapolis. It atso lies on 
the Whitewater Canal, 31 m. from Lawreiu-ehurg. Its 
manufactures are considerable. Two new.spapcrs. the 
" Franklin Democrat" and the " Indiana American" (whig), 
are published weekly. 

Brookville, p. o., and cap. Bracken co., Kij. : 62 m. N. E. 
Frankfort. 

Brookville, p. v., Montgomery co., Md,: on Reedy or. 
of Patuxent r., 37 m. N. W. Annapolis. 

Brookville, p. v., Noxubee co,. Miss. : lOS m. N. E. 
Jackson. 

Brookville, p. v., Marion co., Mo. ; on S. side of South 
Fabius r., 93 m. N. by E. Jefferson City. 

Brookville, p. v., Granville co., J^. Car. : 47 m. N. 
Raleigh. 

Brookville, p. v., Gcncssee co., 2^. T.: 226 ra. W. 
Albany. 

Brookville, p. v., and cap. Jefferson co., Penn. . on N. 
branch of Red Bank cr. of Alleghany r., 156 m. W. N. W. 
Harrisburg. It is a flourishing village, and has two news- 
papers, the " JefTersonian" (dem.) and the "Jefferson Star" 
(whig), issued weekly. Pop. 703. 

Brookville, p. v,, Jefferson co., la. : 92 m. S. by W, 
Iowa Cily. 

Beoome county, X. Y. Situate S. W. middle, and con- 
tains 627 sq. ra. Drained by Susquehanna r. and its tribu- 
taries, Chenango, Tiouglmioga, Nanticoke. Surface bro- 
ken and hilly, with extensive and fertile valleys bonlering 
the streams. Timber plentiful ; salt and su!])hur springs 
occur in several parts. Farms 2.497; inanuf. 229; dwell. 
5,651, and pop.— wh. 30,241, fr. col. 419— total, 30,660. Cap- 
itul : Binghampton. Public Works: Chenango Canal; 
New York and Erie E, E. ; and several railroads to Alba- 
ny, Utica, and SjTacuse (in j)rogress). 

Broome Centre, p. o., Schoharie co., X. Y. : 23 m. S. W. 
Albany. 

Brotzmanville, p. v., Warren co., X. Jer. : on the E. 
side of Delaware r., 57 m. N. by W. Trenton. 

Brower, p. 0., Berks co., Penn. ; 54 m. E. N. E. Harris- 
burg. 

Brower's Mills, p. o., Randolph co., X. Car. : 73 m. 
W. Raleigh. 

Brown county, PI Situate W. on Hlinois r., and con- 
tains SOS sq. m. Drained by Crooked and M'Kee's creeks. 
Surface undulating jirairie, witli bottoms and bluffs along 
the Illinois. Farms SIS : inanuf. 73 ; dwell. 1,:>53, and pop. 
— wh. 7,I>>4, fr. col. 14— total, 7,I9S. Cupitid : Mount Ster- 
ling. 

Brown county. T/k?. Situate S. ecnlrally, and contains 
320 sq. m. Surface hilly, with fertile valleys and rich bot- 
toms. Timber abundant ; corn and hemp grow well in the 
bottoms; wheal, oats, and grass on the hills. Drained by 
Salt cr. and its tributaries, and Bear Blossom cr. Farms 
.Vi5 ; manuf. ; 5 ; dwell. 790, and pop.— wh. 4,827, tt. col. 
19— total 4,S16. Oipitiil: Nashville. 

Brown county, Ohio. Situate S. W. on Ohio r., and con- 
tains 46S sq. m. Drained by White Oak, Spaight. Eagle, 
and Red Oak creeks. Surface generally level — on tlie Ohio 
somewhat broken; soils fertile, producing fine crops of 
wheat. Indian corn, oats, and tobacco. Farms 1 ,^43 ; manuf. 
92: dwell. 4,S3S, and pop.— wh. 26,520, (V. col. 813— total 
27,332. Capital : Georgi'town. 



BRO 



BRU 



B.OWN county, W!sc. Situate N. E., at the hea.l of <,ro n 
Bav, an,t contains 4T2 »q. m. Surlacc d.vers.fied, ^ th 
w„;,dlan,l and prairie, and soil excellent. I arms ISO, 
manuf.2I: dwell. ),t.c3, and pop.-wh. 6,173, fir. col. 42- 
total 6 215. Capitul : De Terc. 

towl-riBLnf.. and p. v.. Oxford Co., M: : on .aoo r., 

68 m. W. S. W. Augusta. Pop. l.-i2(). 

'^Bnow^•u..M, t and p. v., Lorain co. OTjo.- on Vernnl. 

lion r. of Lake Erie, 1..4 m. N. by K. Columbus. P. Vi.^ 

Browmkg, p. 0., Schuyler co., /«.: 89 m. W. ^. W. 

gpringflcld. , _ , ^ ^ Orleans co , T^™. : on Wil- 

Bi:owKisGTOX, t and p. v., uruans to., . 

lo,H.bv cr. of Barton r., 39 m. N. N. E. Montpeher The 

Oo,mec.icut and Passumsic Pavers E. K. pas.scs through 

^^Z^Z!^, p. v., Butler CO., Penn. : 193 m.W. by N. 

"BS:::^L.O.C^™K.p.v.,Orlean,co.,,>™,.:39m. 

^^;^rrUeMdis.,^C.,-.:.Om.N.Co. 

'" Bn "w^-s B.r^, p. 0., Sumter co., Ala. : on Tombigbee 

r 1 (IS m W. by N. Montgomery. 

r., 103 m. J e „ the line 

Bkownsdokocgh, p. v.. Oldham en., jxj.. 
of the LoaisviUe and Frankfort K. P.., 8T m. N. "ft . 

^''£:L^o, p. v., Hendricks CO., In,.: 13 m. N. W. 

'''B:~KO,p.v.,Bueksco.,i.-».:on^.eidecf 

Delaware r., 123 m. W. llarrisburg. 
BKOWNSBiiKG, p. v., Eoekbridge CO., nrg.: 10b m. W. 

''^^;Sr;^B, P.O., Kennebec CO., i/..:6m. distant 

""Z^'c^^ p. o., Albemarle co., Tlro-.-n m. W.by 

N. Paehmond. ior m 1 "W 

Bi^owN-s GEOTE, p. o., Hamilton CO., Oh,o : ISC m. S. W. 

^'"■s Mt.ts, p. 0., ^Vashington Co., 0>uo : 99 m. 

E. bv S. Columbus. 
BKOWN-6MaLS.p.o.,Burlinjlonco.,.V.r«. 

BnowN-a Store, p. v., Warren co., Ohio: S3 m. S. W 

"Cw::™.., p. v., seller CO., Ar,.: 133 m. W. S. W. 

"■ B™o->-. p. v.. -.1 cap. .Taokson co M : on the 
E skle of a branch of E. fork of White r., .51 m. S. Itid a,^- 
ap^lis. The "Jackson County Advocate" .s pubhshcd 

"bkIws-stow., t. and p. v.. Wayne co., ^^ck. :o. 
Lake Erie and Detroit r., «2 m. E. S. E. L;n-.S. T 
T. is located on i cr. of the same name, 2 m. from Iht 

lake. Pop. 1,047. , . w m 

Brown's Vallct. p. o., Montgomery Co., I,:''.. 42 m. 

•W. bv S. Indianapolis. „ ,, , 

Browssvillr, p. o., TaUadega co., .4Ja. .- Cb m. N. Mont. 

^Tr^ssvilt.!: (/ijnwrfyGEAOT PE.™tR), P- v., and cap. 
Prairie CO.. j4 I*. 

Beow>-sv„.,.k, p. v.. rnion co.. /,»/.: ™/- ^"'^ "' 
White r., and on tlic line of the .TunctLon E. E., 64 m. 
E. bv S. Indianapolis. 
BKowNSVilLE. p. v., and cap. Edmonson eo., iQ/. . on 
' the S. side of Green r., 103 m. S. W. Frankfort. 

Brownsv,t.lr. p. v., Cameron co., 7><r. .■ on the N bank 
of the P,io Grande, somewlmt below Malamoras, 826 m. !>. 
Austin L^tv. It is a nourishing v., and has considerable 
commerce with the river towns. Fort Brown was located 
here, and dves name to the v. The " Eio Grand Sentmel 
and "American Flag" are weekly newspapers published 

"BROWssvn.lE. p. v., Piscataquis co.. 3r^. : on Pleasant r. 
of the Piscataquis, 73 m. N. E. Augusta. 



73 m. N. W. 



Browsstille, p. v., Waahmgton co., Md. 

Annapolis. 

Brownsville, p. v.. Hinds CO., JfMS. 

Brownsville, p. v., Saline co., J/«. ; on N. s.de of Black 
r SS m W. by N. Jefferson City. 

"Brownsville, p. v., Gr.anville co., iX. Car. : on Grass cr. 
of Koanoke r., 49 m. N. Ealeigh. ^ ^ jy 

Brownsville, p. v., Johnson CO., Ark. ; Sb in. W . ^ . « . 

Little Eock. . „,. „ ,? c,-, 

Brownsville, p. v., Licking CO., Ohw: 2b m. E. Co- 
lumbus. Pop. ISO. 

Brownsville, p. v., Fayette co., Penn. : on the E bank 
of Monongahela r., at the mouth of Bedstone cr. Ib9 m. 
W llarrisburg. The ^•atlonal Uoad here crosses the r. by 
a fine bridge. Three newspapers, the " B. Free Press and 
the •• B. Herald" (both whig\ and the " Cumberland Pres- 
hvterian," are published weekly. 
'Brownsvhlle, p. v., MarlboMugh dist., S. Car 
Brownsville, p. v., and cap. Haywood co., Tenn.-liS 
n, W by S. Nashville. The line of the Mobile and Ohio 
1 l; K will pass through or near tliis village. 
I iLwNsviLLE, p. V. Windsor co., r«v«..- 4S m. S. Mont- 

""brown-town, p. v., Bradford Co., Venn.: 123 m. N. 

Brownville, t. and p. v., Jefferson co N. T.:on Lake 
Ontario, N. of Black r., 149 m. N. E. Albany The Cape 
Vincent Extension of the Watertown >°d /'"";^ ^;^_^ 
passes through the v., 76 m. from Kome and 21 m. from 
Cape Vineenl The lower falls of Black r. furnish exten- 
sive water-power, and below them the river is naMgable 
from the lakes. Pop. 4,2S2. 

Brownville. p. v., Ogden CO., mahTer. 

Brucetown, p. v., Frederick co., V<.rg.; 122 m.>. W. 

'B"™E,P.v..Knoxco.,/,«..:nn.l>eF.sideWa. 
hash, 4 m. from the river and 92 m. S. W. Indianapolis. 
BrVceville, p. v„ Carroll co., M.: on B« Pipe er., ..9 

m. N. W. Annai)..lis. r,; . « m W bv S 

Bri-ceville, p. v., Morgan CO., III. : 34 m. W. by ». 

""br^mn'p 0., Carter co.. Ay. .• 110 m. E. Frankfort. 
BIN p. o. Butler co., r»,n. : V.>S m. W. narr.slmrg^ 
Breinoton. p. v., King and Queen CO., Urg.: « m. 

N. N. E. Kichmond. /.„ , -nr 

Bruin's Cross Eoabs, p. o., Parke eo., Jnd. : 69 m. W. 

Indianapolis. . 

Bri-l; LANniNG. p. o., west Baton Eonge pa.. La^ 
BRUMEiELnviLLE, p. V., Bcrks CO., re,m. : 5b m. E. N. E. 

"bS»S's, P.O., Davidson CO., i.A»'.: 04 m.W. 

"^Se— !p.v.,Dcflanceeo.,OMoMUm.K.^ 

"E:;TowN,p.v.,Putnamco../„<^:44m.W.by8. 

'-r™ county, i^r... Situate S.E.cc.ner. and 
contains 1,34U sq. m. Drained by tributaries of C ape Fear 
r which forms it. E. border, and Waceamaw r Surt; ee 
fl. t md marshv, and soils indifferent. Eiee and pme are 
Z '"aples! Farms SSo; maimf. SO; dwell. 771, ami pop. 
_wh. 3.651, fr. col. 319, si. 3,802_total 7.272. Cap.tat: 

"■;::™^CKeounty.n,..,. Situa.eS.ofNoaawayrand 

contains 6S0 sq. in. Drained by the head «» "-^ ., !°!;'^ 
r Surface diversified, and soils of moderaU< ferlil.tj, pro- 
duein" tbundantly Indian corn, oats, and tobacco 1 arms 

s^,n^^it;.rsr;c;;.r^:;:^"^-^^ 

Jslln^s^Ind^-ouiited the bests. ofMason^d 
Dix'on's line. Ships drawing not more than 13 feet can 



BRU 



BtJC 



pass the bar at low tUie. The v. is ISJ m. above the bar and 
S in. above the lighthouse on St. Simon's Island. The ship- 
jjitig of the district in 1850 was 5:i3 tons. The Rrunswick 
Canal extends to the Alatamaha r. 12 m., and it is proposed 
lo build a railroad from IJrunswick to Thomasville, with a 
branch lo Tallahassee, and olhur branches from Troupvilie 
to Albany and from Thomasville t<i Hainbridge on Flint r. 
These, \v hen completed, will raise Brunswick to a high rank 
as a Southern port. 

Bkdnswick, p. v., Peoria co., III. : 93 m. N. by W. 
Springfield. 

Bbunswick, t. and p. v., Cumberland co., Me. : on An- 
droscoggin r., near its mouth, 29 m. S. by W. Augusta. 
Lat. 43° 53' N. and 69° 65' 01" W. The r. furnislies a navi- 
gation for steamers and extensive mill-power. Large 
quantities of lumber are brought to this port from the bord- 
ers of the Androscoggin, and a great deal is sawed at this 
point. A bridge connects it with Topsham, over whicli 
the Kennebec and Portland K. K. passes, 27 m. from Port- 
land, a branch of wliich it. K. also runs to Bath, 9 m. 
Bowdoin College, founded 1794, is located here, and has a 
medical school. Pop. 4,976. 

Brunswick, p. v., Chariton co., Mo. 

Bbunswiok, t. and p. v., Medina co., Ohio : 104 m. N. E. 
Columbus. Pop. 1,417. 

Brunswick, t. and p. v., Essex co,, Verm. : on Nulhe- 
ghan r. and Paul's stream of the Connecticut, 54 m. N. E. 
Montpelier. Two considerable ponds lie in the town, dis- 
charging their waters into tlie Connecticut. i*oi>. 119. 

Brush Cbeek, p. o., Eandolph co., N. Car. : 37 in. N. 
lialeigh. 

Brush Creek, p. o., Perry co., Ala. : 62 m. W. by N. 
Montgomery. 

Brush Ckeek, p. 0., Knox co., III. : lOS m. N. N. W. 
Springfield. 

Brush Hill, p. o., Du Page co., III.: 232 m. N. E. 
Springfield. 

BRusHLAJiD, p. 0., Delaware co., N. Y. : 63 m. S. W. 
Albany. 

Brush Euii, p. c, "Washington co., Peim. : 203 m. "W. 
llarrisburg. , 

Brush Mili-9, p. o., Franklin co., 2^^. J". ; on the line 
of the Northern (Ogdensburg) li. K., 6S m. from Pouse'a 
I'oint and 49 from Ogdensburg ; and 149 m. N. N. W. 
Albany. 

Brush Valley, p. c, Indiana co., I'e<im. : 142 m. "W. by 
N. Harrisburg. 

Beushville, p. v., Queen's co.. A^. Y. : on the line of the 
Long Island li. E., 14 m. from Brooklyn, and 14S S by E. 
Albany. 

Brushy Cekek, p. c, Anderson disl., .S". Ccm'. : 103 m. 
N. "VV. Columbia. 

Brushy Flat, p. o., "Watauga co., Al Car. 

Brushy Fork. p. o.. Coles co.. III. : on Brushy fork of 
Embarras r., 107 m. E. Springfield. 

Beushy Prairie, p. o., La Grange co., Ind.: 128 m. 
N. by E. Indianapolis. 

Bruynbwick, p. v., Ulster co., A^ Y. : "4 m. S. by W. 
Albany. 

Bryan county. Oa. Situate S. E. on the Atlantic, and 
contains 472 sq. m. Drained by Cannouchee and Ogeechee 
rivers. Surface low and flat, with much swamp ; soils 
light and sandy. Farms 209, dwell. 212, and pop. — wh. 
1,104, fr. col. 15, 8l. 2,245— total 3,424. Capital: Eden. 

Bryan, p. v.. Saline co., Mo. : on a cr. of Salt fork of 
Black r., 76 m. W. by N. JetTeraon City. 

Bryan, p. v., and cap. 'Williams co., Oliio: on Lick or. of 
Tiffin r., 132 m. N. "W. Columbus. The '• Family Visitor" 
(dcm.) is published weekly. 

EEVANSBURGn. p. T., JefTcrson co., Ind. : on the E. of 
Big cr., 91 m. S. E. Indianapolis. 

Ekyantown, p. v., Charles co., Md. : 8G m. S. "W. Anna- 
poli& 

84 



Bryansville, p. v., York co., Feim, : 22 m. S. Ilarria- 
burg. 

Beyant*8 Creek, p. o., Monroe co., Ind. : 4S m. S. "W. 
Indianapolis. 

BaYANTSviLLEjp. T., LawTeiice co.jind.: 63 m.S. by "W, 
Indianapolis. 

Brvantsville, p. v., Garrard co., Ky. : 42 m. 8. S. E. 
Frankfort. 

Buchanan county, la-. Situate E. centrally, and contains 
57G sq. m. Drained by Cedar and Wabesipinicon rivers. 
Surface rolling — chiefly prairie, and soils rich. Farms 45; 
inauuf, 1 ; dweU. 74, and pop.— wh. 517, fr. col. 0— total 517. 
Capital: Independence. 

Buchanan county, Mo. Situate N. "W., on Missouri r., 
and contains 820 sq. m. Drained by Little Platte r. and ids 
affluents. Surface generally prairie, with some woodland. 
Soils excellent. Farms 1.25S ; manuf. S9 ; dwell. 'i,030, and 
pop.— wh. 12,072, fr. col. 11, si. 902— total 12,975. Capital : 
Sparta. 

Buchanan, p. v., Alleghany co., Pcnn. : 163 m. "W. by N. 
llarrisburg. 

Buchanan, t. and p. v., Berrien co., MicTi. : on the W. 
side of St. Joseph's r., S6 m. W. S. W. Lansmg. 

Buck, p. o., Lancaster co., Feim. : 42 m. S. E. Harris- 
burg. 

BucKATOSEY, p. o., Clark co., Miss.: on Buckatoney r,, 
106 m. E. by S. Jackson. 

Buck Branch, p. o., De Kalb co., III. : on Somonauk 
cr., 212 m. N. E. Springfield. 

Buck Bridge, p. o., St. LawTcnce Co., IT. Y.: on Grasse 
r., 153 m. N. N. W. Albany, 

Buck Creek, p. o., Tuscaloosa co,, Ala.: 104 m. N. "W. 
Montgomery. 

Buck Creek, p. o., Scriven co., Ga. : on a cr. so called 
of Savannah r., 114 m. E. by S. Milled geTille. 

Buck Ceef£:, p. o., Greene co., Ind. : 69 m. S. S. W. 
Indianapolis. 

Buck Eye, p. c, Laurens co., Ga. : on a or. so called, 33 
m. S. E. Milledgeville. 

Buck Eye, p. o., Garrard co., Kij. : 44 m. S, S. E. Frank- 
fort. 

Buck Eye, p. o., Putnam co., Ohio: 102 m. N. VT. Co- 
lumbus. 

Buck Eye Cottage, p. o., Perry co., Ohio : 38 m. E. by 
S. Columbus. 

Buck Eye Fubnace, p. o., Jackson co., Ohio : 66 m. 
S. S. E. Columbus. 

Buck Eye Town, p. o., Frederick co., Md, : C8 m. N. "W. 
Annapolis. 

Buckfield, t. and p. v., Oxford co., Me. : on a branch of 
the Androscoggin r., 31 m. "W. by S. Augusta. A branch 
of the Atlantic and St. Lawrence K. K., 13 m. long, reaches 
this place from Mechanic's Falls, 36 m. Portland. P. 1,059 

Buck Groye, p. o., Eush co., I7id. : SS m. E. S. E, 
Indianapolis. 

EucKiiA^NON, p. o., Lewis CO., Tirg. : 194 m. "W. N. "W. 
Eichmond. 

Buck Heap, p. o., Morgan co., Ga. : on Oconee r., 27 m. 
N.Milledgeviilc. 

Buck Head, p. o., Fairfield dist,, S. Car. : 39 m. N. by "W. 
Columbia. 

Buck Head Causey, p. o., Colleton dist, S. Car, ; 106 
m. S. by E. Columbia. 

Buck Hollow, p. o., Franklin co., Ter77i. : 42 m. X.X.AV. 
Mont pel ier. 

BucKHORN, p. o., VTinston co., Miss. : 82 m. N. E. Jack- 
son. 

Buckjiorn, p. o., Brown co., /?/. .■ SS m.W. by N. Spring- 
field. 

BucKHORN, p. o., Carroll co., Ga. : 117 N. W. MUledge- 
vUle. 

BucKnoRN, p. o., Bienville par., La. : 1S7 m. N. TV. 
Baton liougc. 



BUG 



BUF 



BrrKiionN-, p. o., O'lumhia. co., Peiiii.: ~iZ m. N. by E. 
Ilarri^hiiri;. 

HiM'KTNGifAM ominty, Vtrff. Situate centrally. S. of .Tnnifs 
r..an<l onlaiiis 5-20 sq. m. Drained l)y tributanc? .pf.hinics 
r. BurfacL' undnlatinj: and v:iri<ni-s ami tiie soils ordinarily 
fertile. The prLiductions are wheat, Indian enrn, oats and 
to[)aoeo, with some cotton. Farm* CI6; niannf. d; dwell, 
1,0G2. and pop.— wh.5.42r), I'r. eol. L'50, si. S,1G1— total l:j.S;i7. 
CapiUd: Maysville. Public Worka: Kiehraond and Lyneii- 
burg li. 11. 

BucK!XGn.\«, t. and p. v., Bucks co., Penn. : 112 ni. K. 
Harrisburs. The inhabitants are eliiefly Quaki^rs. 

ErcKiM-.MAM, p. v., and cap. Buckingham co., Vtrg. : 62 
in. W. liiehniond. 

ErcKi.ANi». t. and p. o.. Franklin co., J/i/.*?. ; on S. side 
of Deerfield r., 91 m. W. Boston. Fop. I,()jt3. 

BrcKL.iND, II. c, Prince WiUiarn co., Virtj. : on the 
N. side of Oc'cn(tuan r.. S4 m. N. by \V. Kichmoud. 

BucKLAND, p. v., Hartford co., Con>i. 

BucKi.iN, p. v.,Winnel>ai;o en.. ///. : i^i*." m. X. Sjirintrndd, 

El'ck Foi.xt, p. o., Jackson co., Ttjuu : 67 m. F. N. K. 
Kashvillo. 

Buck Prairie, p. o., Lawrence co., J/o.; on N. side 
of Honey cr., 138 m. S. W. .lefTerson City. 

BucKi'.AM, p. v.. Queens co., X. }'. : on Beaver Dam cr., 
122 m. S. by E. Albany. 

Bucks county, Ptiuu Situate S. E. on Delaware r., and 
contains 54G sq. m. Drained by Neshaminy and Toliickon 
creeks, and the head waters of Perkiomen cr. Surface 
hilly, or rather rolling, but beautifully diversified, and soils 
of average fertility. Wheat and other grains are heavy 
crops. The county is noted for its pottery. Farms 4,707; 
manuf, 630; dwell. 9.757, and pup.— wh.54.oG6. fr. col. IJ^f, 
— total5G,091. Ciij/itiil: Doylestown. PiiUic JIo/A-.i; Nor- 
ristown. Doylestown, and New Hope R. E. ; Trenton and 
Philadelphia K. K. ; and Delaware Division of Pennsylva- 
nia Caiiuls. 

Br( Ks. p. T., Columbiana co., Ohio: 123 m. N. E. 
CoIanil)us. 

Bu(;K!-kin, p. 0., Gibson co., IiuL : 112 ni. S. W. Indiana- 
pglis. 

Bl'cksport, t. and p. v., Hancock co., Jfe. : on E. side 
of the Penobscot r., SO m. E. l)y N. Auj^usta. It has a fine 
harbor ani! considerable trade, especially in lumber. A 
ferry is established on the river. Pop, .3,3S1. 

Bl-ckspoht Cestee, i>. o., Hancock co., J^. .• 59 m, E. by 
K- Ausjuslii. 

BirriiST'^ivi', p. v., Somerset co., Peim. : lOS ra. W. by S. 
Uarrisburg. 

Bl'cksville. p. v., Bucks co., Perm.: 112 in. E. Harris- 
bnr^. 

BrcKsviLLi:, p. v., Horry dist., S. Cur.: 11-3 nu E. 
Columbia. 

BccK TooTU, p. o., Cattaraugus co., K T. : 25G m. 'W.S.W. 
Albany. 

BfovEcs, t.p.v., and cap. Crawford co., Ohio: on the S. 
side uf Sandusky r., 5(i ra. X. Columbus. It is one of the 
most flourishing towns of the Stale, and has consirlcra()le 
Irade, being central In a fine agricultural region. The 
"People's Forum" (dem.) is published weekly. The line 
of (lie Ohio and Indiana U. U. interaect-s it. Pop. 2.31.5. 

BrFL, p. v., Montgomery co., A'. 2' ; 52 ra. W. N. W. 
Albany. 

Birr.NA. Vista county, /<;. Situate N. W,, and contains 
576 sq. m. Take'n from I'otlowattomie in 1551. 

B.UENA Vista, p. o., Carroll" co., Tenn.: SG m. W. by S. 
^Qashville. 

BiTEN-A Vista, p. o., Prince George co., Jf(7. : 32 nu 
S. W. Annapolis. 

BrENA ViSTi, p. v., Atlantic co., .V. Jer.: 49 m, S. S. E. 
Trenton. 

Bl-kna VtSTA, p. o., Duplin co., K Car.: "I m. S. in- E. 



BrrxA Vista, p. o., JelTer?on co., fit'i. : 7G m. S. by E. 
Indianapolis. 

lk:t:NA Vista, p. o., Washita oo., Ark. : Si ni. S. by ^Y. 
Little Iloek. 

Blkna Vista, p. o.. Harrisi.n co., A';/.: 44 in. E. by N. 
Frankfort. 

ErnsA Vista, p. o., Monroe eo., Al-i.: 71 m. S. W. Mnnt- 
gnniery. 

BrF.N-A Vista, p. o., Sl.e[ttu-nson eo., IlL:Ti'o m. N. 
Sprini^field. 

BrK.vA Vista, p. o., Platte co., J/I*. ; 15G m. "W. by N. 
Jefferson Cily. 

Bl'i^na Vista, p. o., Chickasaw co., J/f.s.s-. ; V-:d m. N. E. 
Jackson. 

Bi'EN'A Vi'^ta. i>. o,, Clinton co.., /,i.: on tlie N. side of 
"Wapsipinieuii r. of the Mississippi, 42 m. E. by N. Iowa 
City. 

Bi-EXA A'isTA, p. o., Shelby eo., T'-x. : 237 m. E. N. E. 
Austin City. 

Bi-ENA Vista, p. o., Greenville dist., S. Car. : DS m. 
X. W. Columbia. 

BriiKA Vi^TA, p. o., Marion eo., o'.r.: 7S m. S. W. Mil- 
ledge vi lie. 

BfKNA VisTA, p. o., Holmes CO., Ohio: OS m. N. E. 
Columbus. 

Bl'ena Vista, p. o., Pifl-tage co., Urn-. ; 14S m. N. 
Madison. 

BuENA Vista Furnace, p. o., Uoekbridgo co., Virrj.: 
113 m. W. by N. Kiehmond. 

Bi-EXA Vista Si'eings, p. o., Logan co., K'j. : 144 m. 
S, W. Frankfort. 

Buffalo, p. v., Washita co., Ark. : SG in. S. I)y W. Litlle 
Bock. 

EirFFALo, p. v., White co., Jm!. : on the E. side of Tippe- 
canoe r., s3 m, N. W. Indianapoli.><. 

Buffalo, p. v., and cap. Dallas eo., Mo. : S3 m. S. by W 
JclTerstui City. 

BiFiALo, post city, port of entry, .ind cap. Frio co., 
.V i:.- at the outlet of Lake Erie, and Ih.- head of .\'iag;ira 
r., 2r)4 m. W. Albany. The city li^-s ()n BntTalo er.. which 
falls into llie lake, aiiii consiituh-s its barlmr. Tin- .lislance 
to Albany by railroad is 'Vi-i m., and by canal 3G4 m. LaU 
42^ 53' N., and long. 7S^ 55' W. Pop. in 1S4U, 1S,213, and 
in 1S50, 42.26(1. 

Buffalo is the great cntrepfit between the north-west and 
the stales oltlie Atlantic sea-ljoar<l— the gate llirongh wliich, 
Ihe bulk of conimereial material must pass fur a market. 
Us position is unrivaled on the lakes, and from the advant- 
ages possessed by ils port it has bei-onu> the rt-nil.-zvous 
lor a vast toimage employed on these western watrr-^. The 
harbor is s[>aeious and safe, the creek Iniving a dejith of 13 
<»r 14 feci for a mile up, and being from 12 to 16 rods wide. 
Its only iibsirui'lion is the sand and gravel at its moulh, 
driven in by tjales of wind, but this dcf-ct has been obvia- 
ted by the extension of a pier 1..VII I ft-i-t long from the S. side 
of the entrance. This pier, which has a liLrht-hoiiso at its 
encl, oper.-ilfs as a breakwater, and. by confining tho creek, 
has cleared its channel, so that vessels drawing S feet pass 
in without dinicnily. The increasing commerce of the 
port, however, demau'ts greater accommodations, and 
several valuable improvemeiils arc projected in the har- 
bor. 

The land on which the city is buill rises by a very gentle 

ascent two miles fniin the water, and from its lii;rh<-r parts 

affords fine views of the neighboring sci-iu'ry. ihi- lake, the 

Niagara Biver. and Canada shore being within the view. 

i The city is laid out in bro.i<i an<l regular streets, which 

contain numerous elegant stores, large warehouses, depftls 

of railroads, etc.. and most of the dwellings are snbstanti.al 

and neat. There are three public s(|iiares, whidi arid nmeh 

' to the salubrity and beauty of tin- city. The public build- 

' imrs are a coitrt-honse. jail, and other county ofilees. two 

1 markets, the citv offices, eliurches, banks, etc. The Bouian 

S5 



BUF 



BUF 



Ciilholic Cathedral, a. new edifice, is one of the finest tcin- 
plos in America. 

The city la divided into tlve wnrds, and is governed by a 
mayor and eonimon council. The charier offieers are a 
comptroller, treasurer, surveyor, etc., and in each ward arc 
health inspectors, and otlier ofllcers. The courla arc the 
County Court, the Keeorder's Cmirl, and the Police and 
Justices' Courts. In the Fire Department there are nine 
engine comjjanies, two liook and hiddcr, and a hose com- 
pany. Water is supplied to the citizens through pipes, and 
the streets are lighted with gas. Among the benevolent 
institutions of the city, the niosl conspicuous are the Or|)han 
Asylum, tiic City Hospital, the Hospital of the Sisters of 
Charity, the Female Orphan Asylum, and the Association 
for the Ilelief of the Poor. The city is well supplied with 
common schools, open to all children, and has many highly 
efficient academies and j>rivatc schools. 

The University of Butfalo was chartered in l'^4C, and has 
a medical department. The Young Men's Association, 
estabUshed in 1S35, is one of the best literary societies in the 
State, and has a fine library of fi,()00 or 7,000 volumes, and 
a select cabinet of mineral and zoological specimens. 
During the winter, a scries of lectures on literary and sci- 
entific subjects are delivered by eminent professors. The 
German Young Men's Association is a shiiilar institution, 
and has in its library nearly 2.000 volumes, chiefly valuable 
works in the German language. The rooms of both these 
are amply supplied with j>criodicals and newspapers. 

The j)ress of Buflido consists of the " B. Commercial Ad- 
vertiser," the oldest daily pajter in the city : a tri-weekly edi- 
tion is also issued ; the *' Patriot and Journal," weekly ; the 
""Western Literary Messenger," monthly; the "B. Medical 
Journal and Monthly Review ;" the B. Daily Courier," of 
which tri-weekly and weekly editions are also published ; 
the " Morning Express," daily, tri-weekly, and weekly ; 
the "B. Kepublic," daily and weekly; the "Daily Queen 
City;" the "Evangelical Christian," semi-monthly ; the "B. 
Christian Advocate ;" the " "Wool-Grower and Magazine 
of Agriculture and Ilorticnllure," monthly; the " B. Path- 
finder," weekly; and the following, which are German 
publicatioas : '* Der "Weltburger," semi-weekly and week- 
ly ; the " B. Telegraph," weekly ; and the *'B. Democrat," 
daily and weekly. 

There are in the city about 40 churches: 3 are Episco- 
pal, 4 Presbyterian, 1 Associate Keforraed Presbyterian 
(Scotch), 1 liefornied Presbyterian, 1 colored Presbyterian, 
5 Methodist Ei>iseopal, 4 Bsiptist. 1 I'nitarian, 1 t'niversal- 
ist, T Koman Cath-olic, 1 Lutheran, and 7 or 8 German 
churches of various denominations. 

The commerce carried on between Buffalo and Canada, 
in 1S50, amounted to $527,270, of which $230,190 was the 
value of exports, and .$.S07,074 of imports ; and the ship- 
ping employed in the transit of the merchandise represent- 
ed by these values, was — American vessels cleared, 2S2 
(29,696 tons), and entered, 246 (26,;i52 tons) ; and liritish 
vessels cleared, 466 (73,897 tons), and entered, 47!J (75,640 
tons). Total clearances, 74S vessels (103,593 tons), and 
total entrances, 719 vessels (101,992 tons). The value of 
imports from domestic lake ports, was $22,525,7S1, and of 
exportm, $44,5in,737. The arrivals, coastwise, numbered 
3,558 vessels (1,255,430 tons), and the clearances, 8,599 ves- 
sels (1,263,907 tons). Tlie value of merchandise delivered 
by tlie Erie Canal, was .$41,859,270, besides which the rail- 
road from Albany delivered goods to the value of $6,041,456. 
Forming the material of this commerce, we find the .sugars 
of Louisiana, the cottons of Tennessee and Mississippi, the 
hemp of Kentucky, the furs of Missouri and the distant 
West, the copper of Lake Superior, the lead of Wisconsin, 
the agricultural and forest products of all the States border- 
ing on the lakes, the manufactures of New England and 
New York, and a small amount in bond and otherwise of 
Canadian products. The imports into BufTalo, in 1850, 
from the "Western States, consisted in part of 1,103,039 bar- 



rels of fiour, 3,6'>1.346 bushels of wheat, 2.59.5,378 bu>lu-Is 
of Indian com, 52.124,275 feet boards and scantling, 
19,988,962 staves, 4,5G8,i'00 shingles, 161.110 boxes and 
3,158 casks of cheese, 40,135 kegs and 2,203 barrels of but- 
ter, 53,807 bales of wool. lO.lSJ sheep, 46.448 live and 7.420 
slaughtered hogs. etc. The exports consisted of the prop- 
erty landed at Buffalo from the Erie Canal, the Albany and 
Buffalo Kailroad, and the manufactures and jiroductions 
of the city itself; of these, castings, agricultural imple- 
ments, furniture, dry goods, groceries, etc., formed the great 
bulk, but included was almost every thing that is known to 
commerce. {For a full account oftht! coinmerce of Jiiifa- 
lOy cotusfdt Andrews* Jieport of the Trade and i 'ounnerce 
of the British North American Colonies icith the United 
t^tates, etc., presented to the V. A'. ,Senate [Dec. 23] in 1S51.) 
The shipping owned in the cnllection district of Buffalo, 
on the 30th June, ISoO, amounted to 39,679 tons, all of the 
class "permanent enrolled, and licensed," of which 23,083 
tons were propelled by steam, and the whole engaged in 
the coasting trade. The number of vessels built in the 
year ending at the same date, was 7 [1,730 tons] — 1 brig, 2 
schooners, and 4 steamers. 

Buffalo has 10 banks, and one savings' institution; also, 
including agencies, 44 fire, marine and life insurance com- 
panies. 

The railroads uniting Buffalo with Canada, the Great 
West, and the States eastward, are magnificent works. 
Those pointing east, are the great line terminating at Alba- 
ny, and there connecting with Ihe New England and 
Southern New York roads, and the navigation of the lluil- 
son; and the several lines uniting with the New York and 
Erie R.R., known as the Eufl'aloand New York City K. P., 
and tiie Buffalo, Corning, and New York E. II. The West 
is reached by the Buffalo and State Lino R. P., which con- 
nects with the system of roads in Ohio and the other lake 
States, and extends to the Mississippi Piver ; and Canada 
will be reached by the Buffalo and Brandtford P. P., the 
Great Western K. K., and others now being constructed. 
Railroads also nm to Niagara, Lewistown, etc. There are 
also several plank roads centering in Buffalo, and reaching 
back to the principal villages in the county. 

Buffalo was founded in ISOl by the Holland Land Com- 
pany, but for a long period it made little progress, since in 
1814, when burned by the Brilisli, it did not contain more 
than 200 houses; nor was it until the Erie Canal opened a 
navigable passage from the lake to the Hudson River, that 
it exhibited any uncommon rapidity of growth. Since that 
period, however, its prosperity has been unbounded, and its 
rise in the scale of importance as a commercial city has 
been such as its original founders could never have dreamed 
of. It now ranks as the fourth city of the State, and the 
Iwelfth of the United States, in respect of jjopulation, and in 
a commercial point of view is surpassed by only three or 
four of our sea-board ports. 

EiTFFALO. p. t., Guernsey co., Ohio : on Buffalo fork of 
Seneca cr., 69 m. E. Columlms. Pop, S34. 

Bi'FFAi-o, t. and p. o., Washington co., Penn. : ISO m. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Buffalo, p. v.. Pern* co., Tenn.: ou Buffalo r. of the 
Tennessee, 6:i m. W. S. W. Nashville. 

Buffalo, p. v., Putnam co., Virg. : on the E. side of 
Great Kanawha r., 253 m. W. by N. Richmond. 

Bl-ffalo, p. v., Henderson co., Tat.; on the N. bank 
of Trinity r., 216 m. N. by E. Austin City. 

Bi'FFALO City, p. v., Marion co., Ark, : 104 m. N. Little 
Kock. 

BirrFALO Cef.kk, p. o., Campbell co., Tenn. : on a cr. so 
called of the S. fork of Cumberland r., 132 m. E. by N. 
Nashville. 

Buffalo Cross Roads, p. o., Union co., Penn. : 53 m. 
N. by AV. Ilarrishurg. 

Buffalo For.n, p. o., Wytlie co., Yirg,: 203 m. "W. by S. 
Richmond. 



BUP 



BUR 



i'.iTFALo ror.D. p. o., Ilandolph c'>.. -Al <^nr. : Gl) ni. W. 
Kalri-Ii. 

IJt FFALO FoROE, p. o., Eockbrldge co., Vtrg. : on Ilufihlo 
cr.. 123 m. W. Richmond. 

BiFFALO Grove, p. o., Ogle co., III. : ou Elkhorn rr., 2'i7 
m. N. h:^priri|::fieM. 

Di'FFALo Heart, Sangamon co., III. : 23 m. N. E. Sprin^- 
fieUi. 

BiTFALo IIiLL, p. 0., Orange co., 2^. Cor. : 42 m. N. W. 
RalL-igh. 

Buffalo Laee, p. c, Marquette co., U7.sc'.; on the lake 
so called, 01 m. N. Madison. 

Buffalo Plains, p. o., Erie co., 2^. Y.: 249 m. W. 
Albany. 

Buffalo PnArare. p. v., Rock Island co., HI.: ISO m. 
N. N. W. Ppringficld. 

Buffalo Run, p. o., Centre co,, Penn. ; 67 m. W. N. W 
Harrisburg, 

Buffalo EtrN, p. o., Monroe co., Virff. : 163 m. W. 
Eichmond. 

Buffalo Springs, p. o., Aruherot oo., Mrj.: 02 m. W. 
Eichniond. 

BuFOKD, p. v., Ohio CO., Ki/. : 124 m. W. S. V,\ Frank- 
fort. 

BuFORD, p. v., Highland co., Ohio: 73 m. S. W. Co 
lunibiis. 

Buforb's, p. o.» Bedford co., Virg.: 123 m. W. Bich 
niond. 

Buford's ERrDGE. p. 0., Barnwell disL, S. Car. : on Sal- 
kawatehie r., 62 m. S. Columbia. 

BucGARO, p. 0., "Wilkes co., K Car.: ISO m. W. by N. 
Ealeigh. 

Bug Uall, p. o., Macon co., Ala. : 34 m. E. S. E. Mont- 
gomery. 

BULAH, p. o., Obion CO., Temi. : 164 m. W. Nashville. 

Bulger's Mills, p. o., Coosa eo., Ala.: 32 in. N. Mont- 
gomery. 

BrLLBONTJs' Grove, p. o., Will co.. III.: 213 m. N. E. 
Bpringncld. 

Bull Creek, p. o.. Wood co., Virg. : 243 m. W. N. W. 
Eietimond. 

Bullion-, p. o., Waukesha co., TT/^t. .* S6 m. E. Madison. 

Bullitt county, Ky. Situate N., and contains 24S sq. m. 
Drained by Salt r., which traverses it from E. to W. Sur- 
face generally rolling, but in N. E. uneven ; soils moderately 
fertile. Wheat, oats, and com are the iirineipal products. 
Some salt is made in the county. Farms 562 ; manuf. 14 ; 
dwell. 9Ti>, and pop.— wh. 5,392, fr. col. 27, si. 1..3.w— total 
6.774. C«7>(Vu^.' Shepherdsville. Public iru/-A-« ; Louis- 
ville and Nashville E. E. (projected). 

Bull Mili,*?. p. o., Taney co., Mo.: on Bull cr., 137 m. 
S. by W. Jetfersori City. 

Bullock county, Oa. Situate S. E., and contains $64 
sq. in. Drain^'d by tributaries of Ogcechee r., which 
bounds the county N. E., and C'onnouchee r., which lies on 
the S. W. Surface low and sandy, and soils iniiifft-rent. 
Cotton is the chief product, Farms412: luainif. 3; dwell. 
477, and pop.— wh. 2,S40, fr. col. d, si. 1.40i}— total 4,300. 
CapiUd : Statcsboro'. 

Bullock Cref,k, p. o., York dist., S. Cir.: on a or. so 
called of Broad r., 71 m. N. by E, Colnmbia. 

Bull Eun, p. o., Grainger -• >., Tenn. : on Bull Eun cr. of 
Clinch r., l.")9 m. E. Nashville. 

Bull's Head. p. o,, Duchess co., K. Y. 

Bull Swamp, p. o., Orangeburg rllst.. X Car. 

BuLLTOWN, p. v., Braxton co., Virg. : on Little Kana- 
wlia r., ISS m. W. N, W. Eichmon<I. 

Eui.LviLLE, p. v., Ciange co., K. Y.: 94 ra. S. by W. 
Albany. 

BuNroMn. p. o., Pontotoc co,, Mitfi. : 1.52 m. N. E. -Taekson. 

Bunoomrr county, la. Situate N. W.. and contains 720 
sq. in. Taken from Pottowattomie in T=<.".1. 

Buncombe county. A' Car. Situate AV., between Blue 



Eidge and Stony mta., and contains 900 sq. in. Drained by 
Frencli Broad, a tributary of Tennessee r. Surface, an ele- 
vated tal)le-lanil, with fine valleys, and a soil of gnoit (jual- 
ily. Black mtn.. 6,476 fi-et high, the loftiest summit of tlio 
AHeghanics, lies in the N. part of the county; and there is 
a warm spring in the S. W. Grazing is the chief occupa- 
tion, but considerable grain is produced. Faruis l,l(ij; 
manuf. 19; dwell. 1.942, and pop.~wh. 11,601, Jr. col. lo7, 
si. 1,717— total 13,425. Capital: Asheville. 

BiiNroMBE, p. v., Walton co., Ga. : 62 m. N. W. '\Vi\- 
ledgfville, 

Bundysburgh, p. v., Geauga co., Ohio: 142 m. N. E. 
Columbus. 

Bungeb'3 Mill, p. o., Greenbrier co., Virg. : 163 m. W. 
Eirlnnond. 

Bunker Hill, p. o., Macoupin co., PI. : on the line of 
the Terre Haute and Alton li. E., 33 m. S. Springfield. 

Bunker Hill, t. and p. v., Ingham co.,Mith.: 22 m. 
S. by E. Lansing. Pop. 3T4. 

Bunker Hill, p. o., Bucks co., Penn.: 102 m. E. by N. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Bunker Hill, p. o., Bedford co., Virg.: 116 m. W. by S. 
Eiebniond. 

Bunker's Hill, p. o., Catawba co., K. Car. : 1 12 m. W. 
Ealeigh. 

Bunker's Hull, p. v., Giles co., Tenn.: 67 m. S. by W. 
Nashville. 

Buaitois (Bourbeuse), p. o., Franklin co., 3fo. : on a cr. 
so called, 54 ra. E. by S. Jefferson City. 

BuRnANK, p. o., Wayne co., Ohio : 36 in. N. E. Columbus. 

BuRcnviLLE, t. an<l p. o., St. Clair co.^ Mich.: 104 m. 
E. by N. Lansing. Pop.'472. 

BuRi'ETT, p. v., Tompkins co., Ti. Y. : on the E. side of 
Seneca Lake, 157 m. W. by 8. Albany. 

BuiiEAU county. III. Situate N. middle, and contains 
864 sq. m. Drained by several tributaries of the Illinois 
r., which washes its S. E. border. Surface level or undu- 
lating — in some parts wet, and the soil is everywhere fertile, 
(Jruves of timber and prairies are frequently met with. 
Farms 741; manuf. 20; dwell. 1,464, and pop.—wh. S,S31, 
fr. col. 10— total S.S41. Capital : I'rinei-ton. I'uhlie Works : 
Central E. E. ; Chicago and Eock Island E. E. ; and Auiora 
Extension E. R. 

BuitoEss' Store, p. o., Northumberland co., Virg.: 5^ 
m. E. N. E. Richmond. 

Buroettstown, p. v., Washington co., Penn.: 1S7 m. 
W. Ilarrisburg. 

Burke county. Ga. Situate E., between Savannah and 
Ogeechee r., and contains 9S0 sq. m. Drained by Brier 
ami Beaver dam creeks of the Savannah and Buckhea<i cr. 
of the Ogeechee. Surtjice varied, and soils of average fer- 
tility, producing largely of cotton, Indian corn, etc. Farms 
712; manuf. 41; dwell. 1,017, and pop.— wh. 5,116, fr. col. 
152, si. 10,S32— total 16.100, Capital : Waynesboro'. Pah- 
He iro/7i*.s\' Burke County E. E. and Central Georgia R. E. 

Burke county, K. Car. Situate W. centrally, and con- 
tains 840 sq. m. Drained by ('atawba r. Surface elevated, 
and in the N. W. mountainous. Wheat, corn, oats, and 
tobacco are largely produced, and much attention is paid to 
live-.stock. Farms 373; manuf. 22; dwell. 933, ami I'op.— 
wh. 5,477, fr. col. 163, si. 2,132— total, 7,772, Capital : Mor- 
gantiiwn. 

Burke, t. and p. o., Franklin co.. K. Y. : on Chatcauguay 
r., 148 m. N. Albany. The Norfhern (Otjd.-jisburg) E. E. 
passes through the village, 4t> m. from Eouse's Point and 
69 from Ogdensburg. Pop. 2,777. 

Burke, t. and p. o., Caledonia co., Venn.: on brau'-hes 
of Passnmsic r.. 34 m. N. E. Montpeber. Burlu- Mountain 
in the S. E. of the town, is 3.5'(0 fi'et high. P<>P. 1.103. 

EintKE's Garden, p. o., Tazewell co., Virg.: 236 m. W. 
Eiclmiond. 

BuRKFSviLLE. p. o., and cap. rimiberland co.. K>/. : on 
the N. side of Cumberland r., lOS m. S. by W. Frankfurt. 

^7 



BUR 



Trince Eaward cu., Vir'j.: W m. 



, T<v. : on Little 
City. 
■ 64 m. N. Vi'. 

73 m. N. N. E. 



la.. 



BUKKESVILLE, p. ' 

■W. by S. KichmonJ. 

Bi'BKEviLLE, p. v., and cap. Kewlon co. 
Cow cr. of Sabine r., 232 m. IC. liy K. Austin City, 

BUEKITTSVILLE, p. V., I'rcderick Co., J/rf. 
Annapolis. 

Buiiicii-r8yii.LE, p. v., Alt.ila Co., 3IiM. 
Jaclison. 

BuBLESoii county, Tex. Situate centrally, on W. side of 
Brazos r., and contains about 1,101) sq. m. Drained by 
Cedar cr. of the Brazos, and by Davidson's, First, Seccmd, 
and Third furks of Yegua cr., which forms its S. border. 
Surface undulating, rising to the N., and prairie interspersed 
with woodland. SoUs famous for fertility. Farms 115 ; 
dwell. 224, and pop.— wh. 1,213, &■ col. 0,sl. 500— total 1.T13. 
Capital : Caldwell. 

Bi-Ki.ESiON, p. T., Franklin co., Ala.: 109 m. N. TV. 
Montgomery. 

BoELisGUAJi, p. v., Panola co., Miss. : 153 m. N. N. E. 
Jackson. 
BuKLisGnAM, p. v., Sullivan co., K T- 
BnnLisGnAM, p. v., Meigs co., Ohio: 73 m. S. E. Co- 
lumbus. 

BuKLixGTON county, iK Jer. Situate S., extending n-om 
the Delaware r. to the Atlantic. Drained by Assumpink, 
Crosswick's, Black's, Crafl's, Assiscunk, Itancocus, and I'en- 
saukin creeks of the Delaware, and Warling r. of Little Egg 
Harbor r. Surface level ; soils various, from sand to loamy 
.gravel and clay. Bog-iron ore and pine wood abundant ; 
also marl. In Springfield there is a petrifying well. Farms 
1,G3S; manuf. 452: dwell. 7,860, and pop.— wli. 21,194, fr. 
col. 2,009, si. 0— total 23,203. Capital : Mount Holly. I'uh- 
lic Work.'< : Camden and Amboy K. E. and Mount Holly 
Branch 11. E. 

BoKi.isoTON, t. and p. v., Hartford co.. Conn. : on Kar- 
miugton r., 19 m. W. Hartford. Top. 1,101. 

Buitu.NGTON, p. v.. East Baton Kouge p.ir. 
Amitio r., 10 nj. N. E. Baton liougc. 

Bnni.iNGTON, p. v., Carroll co., Ind. : on S. side of Wild 
Cat r., 4S m. N. by W. Indianapolis. 

BoELiNGTON, p. 0., Kane co., III.: 102 m. N. N. E. 
Springfield. 

BURUKGTOS, p. city, and cap. Des Moines co., /</. ; on 
the W. bank of the Mississippi r., 24S m. al ove St. Louis, 
and 02 m. S. S. E. Iowa City. The land on which the city 
is built rises gradually from the river to hills, which form 
an amphitheatre around it It has many fine public edi- 
fices, several mechanical and manufacturing establish- 
ments, and a large commerce. Three newspapers are pub- 
lished, the •' Telegraph," tri-wcekly and weekly ; and the 
"B. Hawk Eye" (whig), and the "Slate Gazette" (dem.), 
weekly. One of the Pacific lines of railroad will probably 
have its E. terminus at this point. Burlington was former- 
ly the State caiiilal ; it was laid out in 1*33, and in 1S60 
contained a population of 5,129, being tho largest city of 
the State. 

BitRLiNOTON, p. T., aud cap. Boone co., Kij. : 57 m. N. by 
E. Erankfort. The " B. Advertiser" (whig) is published 
weekly. 

BUEI.ISGTON, t. and p. o., Penobscot eo., ile.: 92 m. 
N. E. Augusta. Top. 4sl. 

BtntuNQTOs, t. and p. v., Calhoun co., Mich. 
Joseph r., 49 m. S. S. W. Lansing. Top. bll. 

BuBLiNGTON, t. and p. v., Middlesex co., Mass. : ( 
6heen r., 14 m. N. W. Boston. Pop. 547. 

BtmUNGTOX, t, p. city, and port of entry, Burlington Co., 
JiT. Jer. : on the E. side of the Delaware, opposite Bristol, 
18 m. S. by W. Trenton, and on the Camden and Amboy 
E. e', 16 m. from Camden. The city is encircled S. and 
E., by a small stream, so as to form an island, which is 
connected with the main by bridges and causeways. Bur- 
lington was founded 16TS, and incorporated 17M. The 
shipping of the district in 1S5D amounted to 7,575 tons. It 
63 



on St. 



Shaw 



BUK 

has a newspaper, the •' B. Gazette," published weekly ; and 
some manufactures and commerce. The official residence 
of the Protestant Episcopal Bishop of Kew Jersey is at 
Kiverside in this city. Pop. 5,.39S. 

BuKusGTos, t. and p. v., Otsego m., X'. Y. : CS ni. W. 
Albany. Pop. 1,885. 

BiRUNGTox, p. v., and cap. Lawrence Co., O?tlo : on the 
N. bank of Ohio r., at the extreme S. point of the State, 
lliS m. S. by E. Columbus. It has various manufatlures 
and several public buddings ; and enjoys considerable com- 
merce with the river towns. Pop. '?,529. 

BtTELixoTos, t. and p. v., Bradford CO., Pmn. : on Sugar 
cr., 102 m. N. Harrisburg. 

BURI.I.N0T0N, t., p. city, port of entry, and cap. Chitten- 
den CO., Venn.: on Lake Champlain, 31 in. W. N. AV, 
Montpelier. Lat 44° 17', and long. 72° 36' W. Tile village 
is situate on a bay, which, in the form of a regular curve, 
sets up a little on the E. side of the lake ; on the S. the 
level is low, but on the N. rises to a high blufl; which, dur- 
ing the war of 1812, was strongly fortifleil. The streets cross 
each other E. and W. and N. and 8., forming regular 
squares. Near the centre is a fine area on which the C. H. 
is located. Many of the houses are handsome structures, 
generally surrounded by shrubbery, with gardens in the 
rear; and there are commodious stores and warehouses. 
It is the largest and most convenient jdace in the State, and 
has a constant connection with the railroads leading through 
New England to Canada and the Great West. The lake is 
here 10 m. wide, and the harbor is protected from W. winds 
by a breakwater. The scenery on all sides is magnificent, 
combining lake and mountain views of great beauty and 
sublimity. The public buildings are the University of 
Yermout: it is an efficient and well-endowed institution, 
and has a medical department; the co. buildings, banks, 
ehurrhes, and several academic edifices. In tlie neigh- 
borhood are several flourishing manufacturing villages, 
chiefly on Winooski or Onion r. Three newspapers arc 
published here, the "B. Sentinel" and " B. Free Press," 
daily and weekly, and the " Courier," weekly. The ship- 
ping owned in the district in 1850 amounted to 4,630 tons, 
of which 8,096 tons was navigated by steam. The clear- 
ances in the foreign trade in 1849-50, amounted to .342 ves- 
sels, measuring 82,856 tons, and the entr.ance» to 4IM vessels, 
measuring 99,435 tons. The collection district of Burling- 
ton comprises the whole lake shore of Vermont. Pop. 
of t. 7,505. 
BUELTXGTON, p. \t.. P.acine Co., Wise. Pop. 1.629. 
BUEI.ISGTOX Fi.ATTS. p. o., Otscgo CO., Jf.T.: on Whar- 
tons cr. of TJnadilla r., 72 m. W. Albany. 

Bt;RSERSTiLLE, p. V., BarboUT Co., Tirff. : 178 m. N. W. 
P.ichmond. 

BiiEKETT, t. and p. v., Dodge co., Wise.: SO m. N. E. 
Madison. Pop. 816. 

BtESETT CoENEB, p. o., Dodge CO., Wiso. : 89 m. N. E. 
Madison. 

Buenett's Creek, p. c, White co., Ind. : 92 m. N. W. 
Indianapolis. 
Bl-rkiiam Tillage, p. v.. Waldo CO., Me. 
BuENiNO Speing, p. o., Wirt co., Tirg. : 22S m. W. N. W. 
Kichmond. 

BiiKNS, t. and p. v., Alleghany CO., I^. K .• on C anasera- 
ga cr., 217 m. W. by S. Albany. The Buflhlo and New 
York City E. R. passes through the village, 8 m. from Ilor- 
nellsviUe. Pop. 961. 

P.urns, t. and p. v., Shiawassee co., Mie7^. : on Shiawas- 
see r., 34 m. E. Lansing. Pop. 717. 
BuENS, p. v., Henry co.. III.: 103 m. N. by W. Spring- 

"bcenside, p. o., Clearfield CO., Penn. : 12S m. W. by N. 
Harrisburg. 

Brnss' Level, p. o., Cumberland CO., J>r. Car. 

BuExsviLLE, p. v., and cap. Yancey co., if. Car. : 203 m. 
W. Ealeigh. 



EUR 



BUT 



BuKNsviLLE, i>. v., M'Donougb co., JIL : lOT lu. N. W. 
Springfield. 

BcRNSviLLE, p. v., Dallas co., Ala.: 59 m. W. Mont- 
gomery. 

Burnt Cablns, p. o., FulUm co., Pen.ii. : 1-k m. W. S. "W. 
narrisburg. 

Burnt Corn, p. o., Monroe co., Ala, : 74 m. S. S. W. 
Montgomery. 

Elknt Hills, p. o., Saratoga co., X. Y. : 23 m. N. 
Albany. 

BrENT Oedinabv, p. o., .James City co., Tinj. : 49 m. E. 
by N. Richmond. 

BuKNT Pkauue, p. c, WbiU: co., lU.: 19S m. S. E. 
Springfield. 

Burnt Qcartfr, p. o., Dinwiddie co., Yirg. : 33 lu. 
S. S. W. Richmond. 

Burnt Shop, p. o., Orange en., X. Ctir. 

Bi'RNT Stand, p. o., Carroll co., Gu.: 112 m. N. "W. Mil- 
ledgcville. 

BuRNTvijLLE, p. V., Bruuswick CO., Virg. : C3 m. S. 3. "VV. 
Kichmond. 

BcR Oak, p. o., Mercer co., Mo. : 15'2 m. N. N. W. Jvf- 
ferson City. 

BuRRiLLTiLLE, t. and p. v.. Providence co,, 7?. T. : on 
Branch r. of the Blackstone, IT nL N. AV. Provideurc. It 
lias excellent water-power and some manufactures. Pop. 
S,53S. 

BuER Oaks, t. and p. o., St. Joseph co., Mich. : on Prairie 
r., T4 ra. S. S. W. Lansing. The Michigan Southern R. R. 
passes through this place, 110 m. from Monroe, and 133 m. 
from Chicago. 

Burr's Fehrt, p. o., Sabine par., Za.: on the Sabine r., 
21G m. N. ^V. by \V. Baton Rouge. 

Burr's Mills, p. o., JcQ'orson co., X. T.: 138 m. N. W. 
Albany. 

Burrsttlle, p. v., Caroliiie co., Md. : 44 m. E. S. E. 
Annapolis. 

Elrrsville, p. v., Russell co., Ala. : 73 m. E. Mont- 
gomery. 

BuRKTiLLE, p. 0., Litclificld CO., CoHJi.: Oil tho Hnc of the 
Naugatuck I^ R., 57 m. from Bridgeport, and 23 m. "W. by 
N. Hartford. 

BuRSONViLLE, p. V., Bucks CO., Putn. : lOS m. E. Ilar- 
risburg. 

BuKTOx, p. v., Adams co., III. : 126 m. W. Springfield. 

BuT-ToN, t. and p. v., Cattaraugus co., X. Y. : {nee Alle- 
ghany). Pop. 1,037. 

Burton, t. and p. v., Geanga co., Ohio : on Cuyahoga r., 
141 m. N. E. Columbus. Pnp. I,m;4. 

Burton's, p. o., Tishemingo co., Miss.: 206 m. N. E. 
Jackson. 

Burton's Corners, p. o., Boono co., III. : 292 m. N. by 
E. Springfield. 

Burtonsvtlle, p. v., Montgomery- co., X. Y. : 32 m. "W, 
by N. Albany. 

BuRTONsviLLE, p. V., Daricn co., Kij. : 129 m, W. by S. 
Frankfort. 

BuRTONTON, p. v., Copiah CO., Mis'!. : on Bayou Pierre, 
85 m. S. W. Jackson. 

BuRTViLLE, p. v., M*Kean co., Penn. 

EuRWELL's bay, p. o.. Isle of Wight eo., Virg. : on a bay 
of James r. so called, 63 m. S. E. Uiehmond. 

BusBAYViLLE, p. V., llouston CO., Git. : 42 m. S. W. Mil- 
ledgeville. 

Bush Kill, p. o., Fiko co., Penn.: 142 m. N. E. Ilar- 
risburg. 

Bushnell's Basin, p. o., Monroe co., X. Y. : on tho Erie 
Canal. 2.j6 m. from Albany, and 108 m. from Buffalo. 

BuBHNELLSviLLE, p. V., Grccnc CO., X. Y. : 43 m. S. by "W". 
Albany. 

Bush's Mills, p. o., Lewis co., Tirg.: 194 m. "W. N. "W. 
Richmond. 

Bush's Store, p. o.. Laurel co., Ky. : at the head of the 



8. fork of Rock Castle cr. of Cumberland r., 02 m. S. S. E. 
Frankfort. 

BusnviLLE, p. v., Franklin co., Ga. : OS ni. N. by E. Mil- 
ledu'eville. 

Busiiwh;k, t., King's co., X. Y. : on Isewli^wn cr., 149 
m. S. by E. Albany. Pop. 3,739. 

Bueuv Creek, p. o., "Williamson co., IW. : 22 m. N. 
Austin City. 

Business CoENEa, p. o., Yan Burcn co., la. : 62 m. S. by 
W. Iowa City. 

Buskirk's Bridge, p. o., Washington co., X. Y. : on 
lloosie r., 24 m. N. E. ^Ubany, and on the Troy and Boston 
R. R., 21 m. from Troy. 

BusTi, t. and p. v., Chaulauque co., X. Y. : on tlic S. side 
of Chautauque Lake. 2S3 m. W. S. W. Albiiny. P. M>'.U. 

BusTLKToN, p. o., Philadelphia co., J't-nn. : 93 m. E. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Butciiee'r Store, p. c, Randolph co., Virg.: 1G2 m. 
W. N. W. Richmond. 

IJuTii Creek, p. o., Marion co., Oreg. 7\*i: : on the creek 
so called, 23 m. N. E. Salem. 

BuTEViLLE. p. v., Marion co., Oreg. Ttr. : at Ibo mouth 
of Bute cr., 18 m. N. E. Salem. 

BuTLEu county, Ala. Situate centrally in S. dist., and 
contaiiLs 964 sq. m. Drained in the S. and I';, by tributa- 
rius of (.^oiiccidt r.. and in tlie N. W. by creeks of Alabama 
r. Surface undulating, and soils of average fertility. Corn 
and euttoii are the chief products. Farms 553; manur. 11 ; 
dw^-ll. 1,210, and pop.— wh. 7.162, fr. col. 35, si. 3,i;:;0— total 
lo,S36. Capital : Greenville. 

Butler county, Ja. Situate N. E.. and ctmtains 576 
sq. m. Taken I'rom Pottowattomie in 1-^51. 

Butler county, Ky. Situate W. cenlrally, and contains 
r»60 sq. m. Drained by triliutaries of Green r., whirli runs 
through it. Surface irregular, and soils fertile, prnilm-ing 
wheat, Indian corn, and tobacco. Farms 629; inanuf. 8; 
dwell. S97, and poj).— wh. 5,056, fi-. col. 13, si. 6Sl— tulal 
5,755. Capital : Morgantown. 

BuTi.ER county. Mo. Situate S. E. on State line, and con- 
tains 640 sq. in. Drained by St. Fran(;'<iis, Big Black, nnd 
Little Black rivers. Surface prairie, and thrTe is consider- 
able marsh iu the county. Soils very fertile. Farms 143; 
dwell. 265. and pop. — wh, 1,563, fr. col. 0, si. 53 — total 
1,616. Capital: Butler C. H. 

Butler county, Ohio. Situate S. W. on Slate line, and 
contains 434 sq. m. Drained by tributaries of Miami r., 
which travensea the county from !N. E. to S. W. Surface 
tnieven. Soils of excellent quality, producing wheat, t-orn, 
and oats abundantly, and excellent timber. Farms 2.262; 
manuf. 269 ; dwell. 5,315, and pop.— wh. 30,429. fr. col. 360 
—total 30,789. Capital: Hamilton. Puhlic WarJcs : Mia- 
mi Canal ; Cincinnati, Hamilton, and Dayton XI. U. ; Ilam- 
ilbm, Eaton and Kichmond R. R., etc. 

Butler county, Penn. Situate W. centrally, and con- 
tains S24 sq. m. Drained by tributaries of Alb-gbariy and 
Bear rivers. Surface uneven. l>ut the soils highly fertile. 
Wheat, Indian corn, buckwheat, etc.. are the cliief products. 
Iron is found. Farms 2.945 ; manuf. 148 ; dwell. 5,254. and 
pop.— wdi. 30.262. fr. col. ?4r— total 3it.346. Capital : Butler. 
Public Works: Pennsylvania anri Ohio R. R. 

Bl'tlek, p. v., De Kalb co,, ImL: 122 m. N. K. Indian- 
apolis. 

Butler, p. v., Baltimore co., Md. 

BiiTLEH, p. v., Rieldand co., Ohio: ,52 m. N. by E. 
Coluiid»us. 

Butler, t. .and p. v., Wayne co., X. Y : l.'O m. W by 
N. Albany. Pup. 2.272. 

Butler, p. v., and cap. (^'hoctaw co., Ala. : 1 12 m. W. by 
S. Montgomery. 

Butler, t.. p. v.. .and cap. Butler CO-, Pf^n).: on Cone- 
quenessing cr. of Beaver r., 162 m. W. liv X. Ilarrisburg, 
It is a hantlsome v.. with some man'ifartures. and has Ihreo 
newspapers, the "■Butler County Whig," tho •■ I)em'XTatic 

S9 



BUT 



CAD 



Hcnild," and the " Bullur Democrat," issued weekly. Pop. 
1,1M. 

EuTLEE, p. v., Frauklin par., La. : IIT m. "W. Baton 
Eouge. 

BuTLEB, p. v., Milwaukie co., Whc. : 14G m. E.Madison. 

Butler, p. v., Fulton co., Ky. : 204 in. W. S. W. Fninkfort. 

Butler, p. v., Keokuk co., Ja. : 62 m. S. W. Iowa 
City. 

Butler, p. v., and cap. Dodge co., JIo. : 156 m. N. by W. 
Jefferson City. 

Butler's Landing, p. o., Jackson co., T^'iui.: on E. 
side of Cumberland r., 69 m. E. N. E. Nashville. 

BuTLEBSviLLE, p. V., Andcrson dist., S. Car.: lis m. 
W. by N. Columbia. 

BoTLERviLLE, p. T., Butlcr CO., Ala. : 116 m. "W. by N. 
Montgomer)'. 

BuTLERviLLLE, p. V., "WaiTen CO., 07do : 73 m. S. W. 
Colunibus. 

BcTTAiiATcnr, p. o., Monroe co., Miss. : on r. so called, 
178 ra. N. E. Jackson. 

BiTTiE county, Calif. Situate N. E. between Sacramento 
r. and the E. State line. Drained chiefly by Feather r. 
and its branches, and also by numerous streams tributary 
directly to the Sacramento. The whole is included in the 
Gold Kegion, and has been very productive of that metal. 
Much of the soil, especially of the valleys, is rich and fer- 
tile, and well adapted to agricultural purposes. Pop. in 
1S50, about 4,TSG. 

Butte des Moets lakes, Wise. : these lakes are expan- 
sions of the Neenah or Fox r. Great Butte des Moris lake, 
4| m. above Lake Winnebago, is 8} m. long and from 1 to 
S m. wide, and Little Butte des Morts lake, immediatt-ly 
below Winnebago rapids, is 4} m. long and about a mile 
wide. 

Butte des Morts, t. and p. c, Winnebago co., Wise. : 
on Fox r., 153 m. N. N. E. Madison. The town takes its 
name from some mounds within it, which tradition says are 
the resting place (HiUs o/i/is DeatJ) of Indians slain in a 
great battle. These are now grown over with grass, and 
present much the same appearance as the ancient mounds 
so profusely scattered through the West. 

BuTTEviLLE, p. V., SuttcT CO., Calif.: on the E. side of 
Sacramento r., 76 m. N. by E. Vallejo. 

BuTTEitFLY, p. o., Oswcgo CO., N. T. .' 141 m. W. N. W. 
Albany. 

BuTTERjnLK CnA>-NEL, K. Y. : the passage between Long 
Island and Governor's Island, in the harbor of New York. 

Buttermilk Falls, p. o., Orange co., J\1 3' ; on Hudson 
r., 84 m. S. Albany. The falls from which the p. o. is 
named arc 2 m. below West Point, and consist of a beauti- 
ful and romantic cascade falling into the Hudson r. 

BuTTEKNUT litDGE, p. 0., Saudusky CO., Ohio : 9S m. N. 
Columbus. 

Butternuts, t and p. v., Otsego co., N. Y. : on Butter- 
nuts and Unadilla creeks, 82 m. W. by 9. Albany. The 
p. o. was formerly named Gilbertsville. Pop. 1,927. 

Butt's county, Ga. Situate centrally, and contains 3S6 
sq. m. Drained by tributaries of Ockmulgeo r. Surface 
level and soils good. Cotton and Indian corn are the prin- 
cipal products. Farms 891; manuf. 14; dwell. 642, and 
pop.— wh. 3,630, fr. col. 3, si. 2,S05— total 6,438. Capital: 
Jackson. 

BuTZTOWN, p. v., Northampton co., Penn. ; 94 m. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Buxton, t. and p. v., York co.. JM .' on E. side of Saco r. 
62 m. S. W. Augusta. The r. has here a fall of SO feet, and 
fumislies excellent water-power. Pop. 2,995. 

Buxton Centee, p. o., Y'ork co., Mj. : 63 m. S. W. 
Augusta. 

BuvcKSVTLLE, p. V., Coosa CO., Ala.: 31 m. N. Montr 
gomcry. 

Bur/.AitD's Roost, p. o., Franklin co., Ala.: IS m. W. 
Tuscunibia, and 207 N. W. Montgomery. 
30 



BvBERRY, t. and p. o., Philadelphia co., Penn.: on Po- 
qucssing cr., 9S m. E. by S. Harrisburg. 

Byersville, p. v., Livingston co., X. Y.: 202 m. W. 
Albany. 

Byesville, p. v., Guernsey co., Ohio : 79 ra. E. Columbus. 

Byfield, p. v., Essex co., Jfasti. : on Parker r., which has 
falls, and furnishes good water-power, 2S n\. N. by E. 
Boston. Dummer Academy, founded by the lieutenant- 
governor of that name in 1756, is located here. 

Byualia, p. v., Marshall co., J/w^. ; 167 m. N. Jackson. 

Byington, p. o.. Pike co., Ohio: 60 m. S. Columbus. 

Bvler's Mill, p. o., Morgan co., Mo, : on a cr. of Osage 
r., 54 m. W. S. W. Jelfersun City. 

Byeneville, p. v., Harrison co., Ind.: 113 m. S. Indian- 
apolis. 

Byron, p. v., La Porte co., Ind. : on the line of the 
Northern Indiana K. K., 12S m. N. by W. Indianapolis. 

Byron, p. v., Greene co., Ohio: 52 m. S. W. Co!unil)U3. 

Byron, p. v.. Ogle co., Hi. : on the W. side Kock r., 146 
m. N. by E. Springfield. 

Byron, p. v., Oxford co., 3fe. : 49 m. W. by N. Angusta. 

Byron, p. o., Shiawassee co., Mich. : on the E. side of 
Shiawassee r., 32 m. E. by N. Lansing. 

Byron, t and p. v., Genessee co., X. Y. : on Black cr. of 
Genessee r., 217 m. W. Albany. There are several suli)hur 
springs in the town. The Buffalo and Eochester E. E. 
passes through the village, 51 m. from Buffalo. P. 1,566. 

Bykon, t. and p. v., Fond du Lac co., Wise. : 106 m. 
N. N. E. Madison, and 6 m. S. of the base of Lake Winne- 
bago. Pop. SS2. 



Cabaeeas county, K Car. Situate 9. W., and contains 
432 eq. m. Drained by the tributaries of Eoeky r. of the 
Yadkin. Surface hilly and somewhat broken; and soils 
of average fertility, producing wheat, Indian corn, and 
cotton largely. Farms 875; manuf. 44; dwell. 1,296, anj 
pop.— wh. 6,943, fr. col. 119, si. 2,6S5— total 9,747 Capital : 
Concord. 

Cabeli. county, Virff. Situate W. on Ohio r., and con- 
tains 6S0 sq. UL Drained chiefly by the tributaries of Guy- 
andotte r., which flows throughout it. Surface hilly and 
broken, and the soils indifferent. Wheat and Indian corn 
are the chief products. Coal is plentiful. Farms 4PS ; 
manuf. 33 ; dwell. 976. and pop.— wh. 5,904, fr. col. 0, si. 8S9 
— total 6.299. Capital: CabeU C. H. Fuhlie Works: 
Guyandotte R. E. 

Cabell C. H., p. v., and cap, Cabell co., Virff. : 273 m. 
W. Richmond. 

Cabin Ceeek, p. o., Lewis co., JT//. ; on a creek so called 
of the Ohio r., 86 m. E. N. E. Frankfort. 

Cabin Hill, p. o., Delaware co., A'. Y.: 63 m. S. W, 
Albany. 

Cabin Hill, p. o., Elkhart co., Tnd. : 12S m. N. Indian- 
apolis. 

Cabin Point, p. v., Surrey co., Virff. : near Chipoak cr. 
of James r., 3S m. S. E. Richmond. 

Cabotville (See CniroPEE). 

Cabot, t. and p. o., Caledonia co.. Verm.: 17 nL N. E. 
Montpelier Po,.. 1,356, 

Caoapon DepOt, p. o., Morgan co., Virff.: on Great 
Caeapon cr. of the Potomac. 146 m. N. by W. Richmond, 
and by the Baltimore and Ohio R. R., 133 m. from Balti- 
more. 

Cacaponville, p. v., Hampshire co., Virff. : on Little 
Caeapon cr., 142 m. N. by W. Richmond. 

CAcnBMAsso, p. o., Dallas co., Ark:: 53 m. S. Little 
Rock. 

Caddo pariah, la. Situate N. W. between Rod r. and 
State line, and contains 1.036 sq. m. Well drained by 
creeks and bayoux of Red r. Lake Caddo occupies tho 



CAD 



CAL 



whole centre nf the county. Farms 3D5: <lwell. 742, and 
pnp.— -wh. 3,037, fr. col. S9, si. 5,20*— total SS'ii- Capital : 
t?hre\'eporL 

Caddo, p. v., Caddo par., La.: on Caddo Lake, 21S m. 
N. W. Baton Uouge. 

CAono Cove, p. o.. Montgomery co., ArK: : on Fourche 
Caddo, 7S ni. "W. S. W. Littfe Kock. 

Cahe's Cove, p. o., Blount co., Tenn. : on a er. of Ten- 
nessee r., 173 ni. E. S. E. Nasliville. 

Cadiz, p. v., Henry co., Ind.: on Duek or., 37 m. 
E. by N. Indianapolis. 

Cadi/,, t. and p. v., Greene en., Wise. : 41 m. S. S. W. 
Madison. Pop. 4o9« 

Cadiz, p. v., and cap. Trif^g co., A")/. ; on Little r. of Iho 
Cnniberland, 9 m. above its confluence, 172 m. W. S. W. 
Frankli)rt. 

Cadiz, t., p. v., and cap. Harrison co., Ohio: 102 m. E. by 
N. Columbus. It is a thrivintj village, liaa considerable 
trade with the neighborhood, and has two newspapers, the 
"C. Republican" (whig), and the *'C. Sentinel" (dem.), is- 
sued weekly. Pop. of v. 1,144, and t. 2,453. 

Cadron, p. v., Conway co., ArA: : on the X. side of Ar- 
kansas r., where Cadron cr. enters it, ."3 m. N. N. W. Little 
Eock. 

Cadwallader, p. o., Tuscarawas co., Ohio: S4 m. 
E. by N. Columbus. 

Cadyville, p. v., Clinton co., y. Y. : on N. side of Sar- 
onac r., 7 m. from its mouth at Platlsburg, and 13G m. N. 
Albany. 

Caueville, p. v., HajTTOod co., Tenn.: 1C2 m. "W. by S. 
Nasliville. 

Cahaba, p. v., and cap. Dallas co., Ala. : on the "W. bank 
of Alabama r., immediately below the confluence of tlie 
Cahaba r.. 49 ra. "W. by S. Montgomery. It has consideralile 
river trade, and is the centre of a fine agricultural coun- 
try deprnrlent on it fur a market. The "Dallas Gazette" 
(dera.) is issued weekly. 

Cahaba river, Ala. : a large tributary of the Alabama r., 
whieh it joins at Cahaba v., 195 m. above the cunfiuenco of 
the Alabama and Tombigbee. 

Caisb, p. o., Gwinnett co., Ga. : 7S m. N. 'W. Milledge- 
Tille. 

Cains, p. v., Lancaster co., Penn.: 43 m. S. E. Harris- 
burg. 

Cainsville, p. v., Wilson co., Tenn. : on a cr. of Stone's 
r., 31 m. E. by S. Ka-shville. 

CAisTrrii, p. v., Xew Hanover co., 2^. Car. : 103 m. 
S. S. E. Kaleigh. 

Ca Ira, p. v., Cumberland co., Virg. : on Willis r., 4S in. 
above its confluence with James r., and 4G m. W. S. W. 
Eiehm'md. 

Cairo, p. v., Decatur co.. Get. : at the head of Little r. of 
the Ocklockony, 15G ra. S. S. W. Milledgeville. 

Cairo, p. city^ Alexander co., Jll.: on the extreme S. 
point of the State, at the confluence of tlie C'Hiio and Mis- 
Bissippi r., 176 m, S. Springfield. It is destined to become 
an important commercial centre. The ground on wlilch it 
is planne«l is low and liable to inand:ition, but by building 
levies round the river fronts this may be prevented. The 
city is the property of a company, and great pains have been 
taken to improve its natural facilities. The Central 11. li. 1o 
Galena and Chicago comraencea here, and on the opposite 
Bide of the river the Mobile and Ohio R. R. will terminate — 
both these great works are in progress. 
Cairo, p. v., Stark co., Ohio : 1U3 m. N. E. Columbus. 
Cairo, p. v., Henderson co., Ky.: 163 m. W. by S. 
Frankfort. 

Caiko. t. and p. v., Greene co., A' T. : on Catskill cr., 
26 m. S. \y. Albany. Pop. 2,^31, 

Cairo, p. v., Edgefield dist., S. Car. : 76 m. W. P. W. Co- 
lumbia. 

Calais, t. and p. v.. "Washington co., J/c. .■ at the head of 
Cflvigetion of St Croix r., 133 m. E. N. E. Augusta. It is 



connected with Baring by a railroad, and a bri-ige is thrown 
over the St. CroLx, below the lower falls of iliut r., connects 
ingitwith the British territory. Extensive water-j)o\VLr is 
afiorded by the river falls. The li.le here rises 2i( feet. an<i 
vessels of the largest class ascend to the lower village. Its 
trad(! is chiefly in lumber. Three newspapers are printed 
in Calais— the " C. Advertiser"'' (wliig), the ''Fronlier Jour- 
nal" (dem.), and the "Sentiner' (whig)— all published 
weekly. Pop. 4,753. 

Calais, p. t., ^yashington co., Jl'rj/i.: ou the head 

branches of Onion r., 9 m. N". N. E. Montpelier. P. 1.41(i. 

Calais, p. v., Monroe co., Ohio ; 108 m. E by S. Columbu.s. 

Calamus, t. and p. o.. Dodge co., Wi.sc. : on a cr. of 

Beaver Dam r., 34 m. N. E. Madison. Pop. 413, 

Calapoova, p. v., Linn co., Oreff. Ter. : on a cr. of the 
same name. 39 m. S. Salem. The cr. falls into the Willa- 
mette r, at Albany. 
Calauuria, p. v.. Rowan co., K. Car, : lOS in.W. Raleigh. 
Calaveras river, Calif. ; a tributary oJ the San Joafiuin 
r. from the Sierra Nevada. The gold washings of this 
stream have been very productive. 

Calaveras county, Calif. Situate centrally on E. Slate 
line. Drained by the Mokolumne, Calaveras, and several 
of the branehes of Stanislaus r. Surface eastward, umjuii- 
tainous— in the west, a plain declining to the San .loaquin 
r. Throughout it is rich in gold, and its agricuUund ca- 
pacities are ample. Pop. in ISaO about 1C,SS4. 

Calcasieu river, La. : rises in Natcliitoclus parisli. S. W. 
of Red r., and flows in a generally S. cour>te to ihe tiulf of 
Mexico. Near its mouth it expands into a lake aliuul 20 
m. long and from 1 to 10 m. wide. The tide rises to Iho 
head of the lake, but both lake and river arc too shallow 
for a certain navigation. 

CALCASiEr parish, La, Situate S. W., between Sabine r. 
and Bayou Mernientcau, and contains 5,4(10 sq. m. Dr;iin- 
ed chiefly by Calcasieu r. and its numerous tributaries. 
Surface low, swampy, and containing several large lagoons. 
Cotton and sugar are the principal products. Farms 239; 
dwell. 543, and pop.— wh. 2,716, fr. col. 241, si. 957— total 
8,914. Capital: Lisbon. 

CALruTTA, p. v., Columbiana co., Ohio: 130 m. E. by S. 
Columbus. Pop. 147. 

Caldwell county, Ey. Situate W. on Tennessee r., and 
contains 5SG sq. m. Drained by tributaries of tin; Ten- 
nessee and Cumberland, the latter of which runs through 
it, and by the Treadwater cr. of the Ohio r. Surface lovel 
or undulating, and soils fertile, producing largely of wlieat, 
Indian com, oats, and tobacco. Iron is found in the county. 
Farms ss9; manuf. 35; dwell. 1,746, and pop. — wh. 9,S09, 
fr. col. 132, si. 3,Hi7— total 13,043. Capital: Eddyville. 

Caldwell parish, La. Situate centrally in W. Dist., and 
contains 576 sq. m. Drained by Wachita r. and tributaries. 
Surface E. level and alluvial — W. finely varie<i with hill 
and dale. Farms 1S5; manuf. 1; dwell. 30n, and pop.— 
wh. 1,5S4, tV. col. 0, si. 1,231— total 2,5il5. Capital: Co- 
luml)ia. 

Caldwell county, JTo. Situate N. W. midille, and con- 
tains 432 sq. m. Surface level prairie. Drained by Slioal 
er., the W. fork of Grand River, and other streams. Soil 
everywhere fertile. Farms 232 ; manuf. 7 ; dwell. 35S. and 
poj).- wh. 2,176, ft. col. 4, si. 13G— total 2,316. Capital: 
Kingston. 

Caldwell county, A^. Car. Situate N. W. at tlie E. base 
of the Blue Ridge, and contains 720 sq. m. Drained l»y 
tributnries of Catawba r., which bounds it S., and by the 
head waters of Yadkin r. Surface elevated and hilly — in 
the W. mountainous. Soils fertile, anrl grain crops atum- 
danl. Farms 366; manuf. S: dwell. 926, and pop. — wh. 
5,tniC, fr. col. li'9. si. 1,20S— total S.317. Capital: Lenoir. 

Caldwell county. Tea: Situate centrally on X. E. side 
of San Marco of the Guadalupe r., and contains 032 sq. m. 
Drained by Plum and other creeks. Surface elevated Bnd 
rolling — chiefly prairie, but in N. AV. somewhat hilly. Farms 

91 



CAL 



CAL 



51 ; dwell. 1T4, and pop.— wh. 1,054, fr. col. 1, si. 27-lr-total 
1,329. Cajntdl: LockliarL 

Caldwell, p.' v., Oraiiyo co., iVI Cur. : 43 ra. N, AV. 
Ilaleigli. 

Caldwell, t. and p. o., Essex co.. A' Jer. : on Deep and 
Green Brooks of the Passaic r., 51 ni. N. N. W. Trenton. 
It has considerable mantifaetnrea. Pop. 2,476. 

Caldwell, t. and p. v., Warren co., X. Y. : at the head 
of Lake George, 49 in. N. Albany. There is a rey;ular 
steamboat communication between this village and the out- 
let of the lake near Ticonderoga. The rains of Fort Wil- 
liam Henry and Fort George arc near this place, and are 
objects of interest to summer travelers, who resort to this 
neighborhood in great niinibcrs. Pop. 7£'2. 

Caldwkll, p. v., and cap. IJurleson en., Terr. : on David- 
son's cr. of the Yegua, a tributary of Brazos r., 54 m. E. N. K. 
Austin City. 

Caldwell's, p. o., Washita par.. La. : 14S ra. N. N. W. 
Baton Rouge. 

Caldwell's Praieie, p. c, Racine co.. Wise. : 72 m. 
E. S. E. Madison. 

Caledonia county, Verm. Situate N. E. on Connecticut 
r., and contains 71S sq. m. Drained chiefly by Paj^sumsie 
and Wells rivers, and contains also Ihe head streams of 
Lamoille and Onion rivers, f^urface finely varied, and in 
the W. hilly. A great portion of the county has good soils, 
producing wheat and other grain, and affording sustenance 
lo numerous cattle and sheep. Limestone and granite 
abound, and there are several sulphur springs. Farms 
2,754; manuf. 245; dwell. 4,231. and pop.— wh. 23,081, fr. 
col. 5 — total 23.itS6. Capit<jl: Danville. PiiUlc Works: 
Connecticut and Passumsic Rivers K. R., etc. 

Caledonia, p. v., I'ulaski co., ///. .• on the Ohio r., 13 m. 
above its junction with the Mississippi, and 103 S. Spring- 
field. 

Caledonia, t. and p. v.. Racine co., Wise: on Root r., 
87 ni. E. S. E. Madison. Pop. 1,0^3. 

Caledonia, p. v., Rusk co., Tea-. .• 233 m. N. E. Austin 
City. 

Caledonia, p. v., Lowndes co., JA/s«. ; on the S. side of 
Buttahatchec r. of Little Tombigbee r., 14G m. N. E. 
Jackson. 

Caledonia, t. and p. o., Kent co., Mich. : on Thorn- 
apple r., 44 m. W. by N. Lansing. Pop. 99. 

Caledonia, p. v., Washington co., Mo. : on the S. side of 
Big r. of the Maramec r., 9S m. S. E. Jefferson City. The 
neighborhood abounds in minerals. 

Cai.edc)Nia. p. v., Moore co., N. Car.: on a cr. of Deep 
r., 61 m. W. S. W. Raleigh. 

Caledonia, p. v., Marion co., Ohio: on the W. side of 
the W. branch of Whetstone r., 40 m. N. Columbus. 

Caledonia, p. v., Elk co., Peim. : 132 m. N. W. Ilarris- 
burg. 

Caledonia, t. and p. v., Livingston co., N. T.x 19S in. 
W. Albany. The town is drained by Genessec r., and has 



a fertile soil. The Buffalo, Corning, and New York R. R. 
passes through it to a junction with the Canandaigna and 
Niagara Falls R. R. Pnj). 1,804. 

Caledonia, p. v., Henry co., Tenn.: 93 m. W. Nash- 
ville. 

Calf Island, a small island in Detroit r., near its mouth, 
and near Goose Island. 

Calhoun county, Flor. Situate in W. Florida on the 
Gulf, and contains 1,2S0 sq. m. Drained by Chipola r., and 
the Appalachicoln, which forms its E. border. Surfiice low, 
and in some parts swampy. Soils excellent Farms 63 ; 
manuf. 1; dwell. 165; and pop.— wh. 886, fr. col. S8, si. 
4.'33— total 1,377. Capital: St. Joseph. Public Works: 
St, Joseph and lola R. R. 

Caluod-n county, III. Situate W. between the Illinois 
and Mississippi rivers, and contains 23G sq. m. Drained by 
Bay and other creeks. Surface elevatrd in the interior, and 
along the border rivers are high bluffs and extendi'd allu- 
vial bottoms. Farms 205 ; dwell. 600, and pop.— wh. 3,230, 
fr. col. 1— total 3,231. Capital : Hardin. 

Calhoun county, Mich. Situate S. centrally, and con- 
tains 720 sq. ra. Drained by St. Joseph and Kalamazoo 
rivers. Surface undulating and finely lumbered ; soils rich 
and loamy. Sandstone is abundant on the Kalamazoo. 
I'arms 1,724 ; manuf. 61 ; dwell. 3,433, and pop.— wh. 1S,965» 
fr. col. 197— total 19,102. Cajyital : UQX&haXi. Public Works: 
Michigan Central R. R. 

Calhoun county, Tex. Situate S. W. on Matagorda and 
Espiritu Santo bays, and contains about .56(5 sq. m. Mata- 
gorda island is included within this county. Drained by 
rivers and creeks falling into the adjacent bays. Surface 
low. and near tlie coast sandy ; the soils of the interior are 
rich and productive. Farms 23; dwell. 1S2, and pop. — wh. 
876, fr. col. 0, si. 2-34- total 1,110. Capital: Port Lav.^ca. 

Calhoun, p. v., Autauga co., Ala. : 22 m. N. W. Mont- 
gomery. 

Calhoun, p. t., and cap. Gordon co., Ga. : on the line 
of the Western and Atlantic R. R., 80 m. from Atlanta, and 
146 N. W. Milledgeville. 

Calhoun, p. v., Lumpkin co., Ga.: 137 m. N. N. W. 
Milledgeville. 

Calhoun, p. v., La Fayette co., Ark. : IIS m. S. by W. 
Little Rock. 

Calhoun, p. v., Henry co., Jfo. : at the head of Tebo cr. 
of the Osage r., 79 m. W. by S. Jefferson City. 

Caluodn, p. v., Daviess co., Ay. ; 161 m. W. by S. Frank- 
fort, 

Calhoun, p. v., Anderson dist., S. Ca?\ : 103 m. N. W. 
Columbia. 

Calhoun, p. v., M'Minn co.. Tenn.: on the N. aide of 
Iliwassee r., 126 m. E. S. E. Nashville. 

CALnotJN, p. v., Richland co.. III. : 102 m. S. E. Spring- 
field, 

Calhoun's Mills, p. o., Abbeville dist., S. Car. : 93 m. 
W. Columbia. 



THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA. 

California occupies all that portion of California Alta* westward of the following line, to wit— beginning at the 
interseetiou u f 42° north latitude, and 120° longitude west from Greenwich, or 42° 58' IVom Washington ; Ihenec south 
in a direct course to 39° north latitude ; theiice south-east to where the Rio Colorado intersects the parallel of 35° north 
latitude and iheiico down the mid channel of that river to the boundary between the United States and Mexico. Within 
these limits the surface measures 188,981 square miles, or 120.947.840 acres. 

This grand division of California (the only part, indeed, to wliich the name properiy applies) is traversed from N. to S. 
by two principal ranges of mountains, called respectively Sierra Keradu, which divides the region from the great basin, 
and the Coast Range, running almost parallel to and at a short distance from the Pacific coasL The main feature of this 
region is the long, low, broad valley of the San Joaquin and Sacramento rivers— the two valleys forming one— ^00 miles 
long and 50 miles broad. Lateral ranges, parallel with the Sierra, make the structure of the country, and break it into a 



■* CHlifiirniii Alln in itd full ejttent, ns acquired of Mesico, lies between 32" ami -li" N. Iitl., and 10ti» atid \iV W long., and h bounded N. by 
Orej-on. E. bj the crest of tlie Ilocky Mouiitriiim, S. \>y Uie l(i<i Gila an<l Calironiiii Bnja, ncd W. by tlic Pacific Oceiin, on wlncli it lias a front 
oritUil in. Tlie aren included witliin tliose limits is 448,691 Bfj. m. This extensive territory 18 now divided into tUe State of Califwuia, Utah 
Territory, and (in part) the Territory of New Mexico 

92 



CALIB'ORMIA. 



surface of valleys and mountains— the yalleys a few iiunJreds, and the mountains 2,00i1 to i.uOO fc-el aliove tlie sea. 
These form greater masses and become more elevated in Hie nortli, where some peaks, as the Shasl6, enter the 
regions of perpetual snows. The grenl valley is discriminated only by 'he names of the rivers that traverse it. II is a 
single geographical formation, lying between the two ranges, and stretching across the head of the Bay of San Fran- 
cisco, with which a delta of -^5 miles connects it. The two rivers rise at opposite ends of this long valley, receive numerous 
affluents— many of them bold rivers, becoming Ihemselrcs navigable rivers— flow toward each other, meet half w.iy, 
and enter the bay together in the region of tide water: making a conlinuous water line from one end to the other. The 
resources of this valley, mineral and agricultural, are immense, and perhaps no part of the world alTords greater facil- 
ities for easy development. Gold and quicksilver are the most valuable of its mineral products. The soil and climate, 
though varying mucli with locality, are generally well suited for agrieidture. Westward of the rivers, the soil is chieny 
dry aiid unproductive; but on the cast side the country is well watereil and luxuriantly fertUe, being intersected by 
numerous fine streams, forming large and beautiful bottoms of rich land, wooded principally with white oaks. The foot 
hills of the Sierra, which limit the valley, make a woodland country, diver.Mllcd with Undulating grounds tmil pretty 
vales. Near the Tulare Lakes, and on the margins of the Sacramento and San .Toa.juin rivers, the surface is composed 
of level plains, gradually changing into undulating, and riilling toward the mountains. The region west of the Coast 
Eange to the Paciflc— the only portion inhabited before the discovery of gold— has long been the scat of numerous 
missions; and around these, generally situated in Iho most lovely vales, agriculture has converted (he country into a 
perfect garden. All the cereals of temperate regions are cultivated, and the olive and grape thrive luxuriantly. Wheat 
is the first product of the north. The moisture of the coast seems particularly suited to the cultivation of roots, and to 
vegetables used for culinary purposes, which. In fact, grow to an extraordinary size. Few localities, indeed, can produce 
in such perfection so great a variety of grains and fruits. 

The coasts of California are generally precij.itous and rugged; and in relation to their extent present few good harltors. 
The bays of San Diego, Monterey, and San Francisco, tire the Unest, and their capacities extensive. San Francisco 
Bay is one of the most important in the world, not merely as a harbor, but also and mainly from the accessury advant- 
ages which belong to it— fertile and picturesque dependent country, general mildness of climate, connection with tho 
great central valley, etc. "When these advantages are taken into account, with its geographical position on the line of 
communication with Asia, its importance rises superior to all contingencies. Its latitudinal position is that of Lisbon; 
its climate that of Italy ; bold shores and mountains give it grandeur ; the extent and resources of its dependent country 
are the cynosure of the world. The bay is separated from the sea by low mountain ranges, and only a narrow gate, 
about a mile wide, affords an entrance. It is land-locked in every sense of the word, and protected on all sides from 
the weather. Passing through this narrow entrance, the bay opens to the right and left, extending in each direction 
about 85 miles, having a total length of 70 and a coast of 276 miles. It is divided by projecting points and straits into 
three separate compartments, of which the northern two are called San Pablo and Suisson bays. The surface is much 
broken by numerous islands— some mere rocks, and others grass-covered, rising to the height of 300 to SOO feel. liirectly 
fronting the entrance, mountains, a few miles from the shore, rise about 3,000 feet above the water, crowned by forests 
of lofty cypress, which are visible from the sea, and nnike a conspicuous landmark for vessels entering the bay. Behind, 
the rugged peak of Mt. Diavolo, 3,770 feet high, overlooks the surrounding country of the bay and the San Joaquin. 

The shore presents a varied character of rugged and broken hills, rolling .and undulating land, and rich alluvial tracts, 
backed by fertile and wooded ranges, suitable for towns, villages, and farms, with which it is beginning to be over- 
spread. Such is the bay and proximate country and shore of San Francisco. It is not a mere indentation of Iho coast, 
but a little sea to itself, connected with the ocean by a defensible gate. The head of the bay is about 40 miles dbtant 
from the sea. and there commences its connection with the noble valley of the San Joaquin and Sacramento. 

The climate of California is so remarkable in its periodical changes, and tor the long continuance of the wet and dry 
seasons, dividing as they do the year into about two equal parts, which have a most peculiar influence on the labor applied 
to agriculture and the products of the soil, and, in fact, connect themselves so inseparably with all the interests of the 
country, that it is deemed proper briefly to mention the causes which produce these changes, and which, it will be seen, 
must exercise an important and controlling influence on the commercial prosperity and resources of the country. 
It is a well-established theory, that the currents of the air tinder which the earth passes in its diurnal revolutions, follow 
the line of the sun's greatest attraction. These currents of air are drawn toward this line from great distances on each 
side of it, and, as the earth revolves from west to east, they blow from north-east and south-east, meeting, and, of course, 
causing a calm on the line. Thus, when the aun is directly, in common parlance, over the equator, in the month 
of March, these currents of air blow from some distance north of the Tropic of Cancer and south of the Trojiic of 
Capricorn in an oblique direction toward this line of the sun's greatest attraction, and form what .arw known as the north- 
east and south-east trade-winds. As the earth in its path round tho sun grailually brings the line of attraction north iu 
summer, these currents of air are carried uith it; so that about the middle of May the current from the north-east has 
exlcniled as far the SSth or 89th degree of north latitude, and by tho 20th of June, the period of the sun's greatest 
northern inclination, to the northern portions of California and the southern section of Oregon. These north-cast winds, 
in their progress across the continent toward the P.acific Ocean, pass over tho snow-capped ridges of the Rocky Mount- 
ains and the Sierra Nevada, and are, of course, deprived of all the moisture which can be extracted from them by the 
low temperature of those regions of eternal snow; and consequently no moisture can be precipitated from thorn, in 
the form of dew or rain, in a higher temperature than that to which they have been subjected. They therefore pass 
over the hills and plains of California, where tho temperature is very high in summer, in a very dry state; and, so 
far from being charged with moisture, they absorb,»like a sponge, all that tho atmosphere and surface of the earth can 
yield, until both become apparently perfectly dry. This process commences when the line of the sun's greatest attrac- 
tion comes north in summer, bringing with it these vast atmospheric movements, which on their approach produce the 
dry season in California, which, governed by these laws, continues until some time after the sun repasses tin- ciiiiator in 
September ; when, about the middle of November, the climate being relieved from these north-east currents of air, the 
south-west winds set in from the ocean, charged with moisture, the rains commence, and continue to fall — not constantly, 
as some persons have represented, but with sufllcient frequency to designate the period of their contiunauce — fi-om about 
the middle of November until the middle of May, in the latitude of San Francisco — as the ^et season. It fiilhovs. as a 
matt^T of course, that the /.Inj season commences first and continues longest in the southern porticms of tnc Mare, and 
that the climate of the northern part is influenced in a much less degree by the causes heretofore mentioned than 
any other section of the country. Consequently, wc flud, that as low down as latitude 39^, rains arc sufliciently frequent 

93 



CALIFORNIA. 



in summer to render irrigation quite unnecessary to the perfect maturity of any crop whieli is suited to the soil and 
climate. There is an extensive ocean-current of coM water which comes from Ilie nortliem regions of the Pacific, or, 
perhaps, (torn the Arctic, and flows along the coast of California. It conies charged willi. and emits in its prosross, cold 
air, whicli appears in the fnrm of fog when it comes in contactwith a liighcr temperature on the American coast— as tho 
gulf stream of the Atlantic exhales vapor when it meets in any part of its progrt-ss a hiwer temperature. This current 
has not l)een surveyed, and, therefore, its source, temperature, velocity, width, and course, have not been accurately 
ascertained. It is believed by Lieutenant Maury, on what he considers sufficient evidence— and nii higher authority can 
be cited— that this current comes from the coasts of China and Japan, flows northwardly to the peninsula of Kamta- 
chatka, and, making a circuit to the eastward, strikes the American coast in about latitude 41^ or 42^, it jjasaes tlience 
southwardly, and finally loses itself in the tropics. Below latitude 39° and west of the foot-hills of the Sierra Nevada, 
the forests of California are limited to somn scattering groves of oak in the valleys and along the borders of the streams, 
and of red-wood on the ridges and on the gorges of the hills— sometimes extending into the plains. Some of the hills 
are covered with dwarf shnibs, which may be used as fuel. TV'ith these exceptions, the whole State presents a surface 
without trees or shrubbery. It is covered, however, with various species of grass, and. for many miles from the coast, 
■with wild oats, which in the valleys grow most luxuriantly. These grasses and oats mature and ripen early in the dry 
season, and soon cease to protect the soil from the scorching rays of the sun. As the summer n<lvances, the moisture in 
the atmosphere and the earth, to a consiilerable depth, soon becomes exhausted, and the radiation of heat from the 
extensive naked plains and hill-sides is very great. The cold, drj* currents of air from the north-east, afler passing the 
Eoeky Mountains and the Sierra Nevada, descend to the Facifie, and absorb the moisture of the atmosphere to a great 
distance from the land. The cold air from the mountains and tliat which accompanies the great ocean-eurrent from 
the north-west thus become united, and vast banks of fog are generated, which, when driven by the wind, have a pene- 
trating or cuUiiig effect on the human skin, much more uncomfortable than would be felt in the humid atmosphere of 
the Atlantic at a much lower temperature. As the sun rises from day to day, week after week, and month after month, 
in unclouded brightness during the dry season, and pours down its broken rays on the dry, unprotected surface of the 
country, the heat becomes so much greater inland than it is on the ocean, that an under-current of cold air, bringing the 
fog with it, rushes over the coast range of bills, and through their numerous passes, toward the interior. Every day, as 
thf lieat inland attains a sufficient temperature, the cold, dry wind from the ocean commences to blow. This is usually 
from 11 to 1 o'clock ; and, as the day advances, the wind increases and continues to blow till late at night. "When the 
vacuum is filled, or the equilibrium of the atmosphere restored, the wind ceases; a perfect calm prevails ui til about the 
same hour the following day, when the same process conunences and progresses as before. And these phenomena are 
of daily occurrence, with few exceptions, throughout the dry season. These cold winds and Riga render the climate at 
San Francisco, and all along the coast of California, except the extreme southern portion of it, probably more uncom- 
fortable to those not accustomed to it in summer than in winter. A few miles inland, where the heat of the sim modifies 
and softens the wind from the ocean, tlie climate is moderate and delightful. The heat, in the middle of the day, is 
not so gre.it as to retard labor or render exercise in the open air uncomfortable. The nights are cool and pleasant 
This description of climate prevails in all the valleys along the coast range, and extends throughout the country, north 
and south, as far eastward as the valley of the Sacramento and San Joaquin. In this vast plain, the sea-breeze loses 
its influence, and the degree of heat in the middle of the day, during the summer months, is much greater than is known 
on the Atlantic coast in the same latitudes. It is dry, however, and probably not more oppressive. On the foot-hills of 
the Sierra Nevada, and especially in the deep ravines of the streams, the thermometer frequently rancres from llO*^ to 
1150 in the shade, during three or four hours of the day, say from 11 to 3 o'clock. In the evening, as the sun declines, 
the radiation of heat ceases. The cool, dry atmosphere from the mountains spreads over the whole country, and renders 
the nights cool and invigorating. 

The valleys which are situated parallel to the coast range, and those which extend castwardly in all dircction.s among 
the hills toward the great plain of the Sacramento, are of surpassing fertility. They have a deep, black, alluvial soil, which 
has 'he appearance of having been deposited when they were covered with water. This idea is strengthened by the 
fact, that the rising grounds on the borders of tliese valleys, and many hills of moderate elevation, have a soil precisely 
like that of the adjoining plains. This soil is so porous that it remains perfectly unbroken by gullies, notwithstnnding 
the great quantity of water which falls in it annually during the wet season. The land in the northern part of the State, 
on the Trinity and other rivers, and on the borders of Cleiir Lake, as far as it has been examined, is said to he remark- 
ably fertile. The great valley of the Sacramento and San Joaquin has evidently been at some remote period the bed of 
a lake ; and those rivers which drain it present the appearance <jf having cut thoir channels through the alluvial deposit 
after it had been formed. In fact, it is not possible that they could have been instrumental in forming tiie plain through 
■which they pass. Their head-waters come from the extreme ends of the valley, north and south ; and were it not for 
the supply of water received from the streams w hich flow into them from the Sierra Nevada, their beds would be almost, 
if not quite dry in the summer months. Tlie soil is very rich, and, with a proper system of drainage and embankment, 
■would undoubtedly be cnjiable of j>roduring any crop, except sngar-eane, now cullivated in the Atlantic States of the 
Union. There are many l)eautirul valleys and rich hill-sides among the foot-hills of the Sierra Nevada, ■which, when 
the profits of labor in mining shall be reduced so as to cause its application to agriculture, will probably support a large 
population. There is said to be a rich belt of well-timbered and watered country extending the whole length of the 
gold region between it and the Sierra Nevada, some twenty miles in width. There is no information sufficiently accu- 
rate respecting the eastern slope of the great snowy range, to enable us to form any opinion of its general character or 
soil. Some of its valleys have been visited by miners, who represent them as equal to any jiorlion of the country to the 
westward of it The great valley of the Colorado, situated between the Sierra Madre and the Sierra Nevada, is but 
little knoM-n. It is inhabited by numerous tribes of savages, who manifest the most decided hostility toward the whites, 
and have hitherto prevented ony explorations of their country, and do not permit emigrants to pass through it. There- 
fore, parties from Santa F§, on their way to California, arc compelled to make a circuit of near a thousand miles north- 
ward to the Salt Lake, or about the same distance southward by the route of the Oila. Although this valley is little known, 
there are indications that it is fertile and valuable. The name of the river "Colorado" is descriptive of its waters; they 
are as deei)ly colored as those of the Mis.souri or Ked liiver, while those of the Gila, which we know flows through 
barren lands, are clear. It would seem inii)Ossil)le for a large river to collect sediment enough in a sandy, barren soil, 
to color its waters .so deeply as to give it a name among those who flrst discovered and have since visited its shores. 
The probabilitj-, therefore, is, that this river flows through an alluvial volley of great fertility, which has never been 
U 



CALIFORNIA. 



explore']. This conjecture is strengthened hy the fad thut the IiKiiuns who inhubil it are ho^tik-, an-i npinise. as lUr as 
tliey can, all pertnuii.s who attempt to enter or explore it. This lui.s been tlieir uuiforni course of coiuhict respecting all 
portions of liie continent which have been fi-rlile, aboun'ling in game and the spontaneous productions of the earth. As 
this valley is situated in the direct route from Santa F6 to Cahfornia. its thorough exploration becomes a matter of very 
grtrat iniporlance, esi)ecially as it is highly probable that tho elevated regions to the north of it, covered « itli snow 
during most of the year, will force the line of the great national railway to the Pacific through some portion of it. Tho 
Boil situated west of the Sierra Nevada, an<l embracing the plain of the Sticramcnt«» and San Joaquin, covers an area, as 
nearly as can be cstimate<l, of between flfiy and sixty thousand square miles, and would, under a proper system of cultiva- 
tion, be capable of supporting a population equal to that of Oliio or New York at the present time. 

The climate and soil of California are well suited to the growth of wheal, barley, rye, and oats. The temperature 
along the coast is too cool for the successful culture of maixe us u fieW crop. The fact that oats, the species wliich ia 
cultivated in the Atlantic Stales, are annually self-sowed and produced on all the plains and bills along the coast, and as 
far inland as the sea-breeze has a marked influence on tlie climate, is sutficient pmof that all Ibe cereal grains may be 
eucccssfuily cultivated without tho aid of irrigation. It is quite true lliat «« >uiJ-ili,irij was extensively emi)lo.\cd at 
the missions, and undiuibtedly increase<l the jiroduct of all crops to which it was apidied, as it will in any country on 
earth if skillfully used. This »loes not pro\ e, however, that it was t*<Mntiully itt^ccmunj to tbu jiroduction of an ample 
reward to the husbandman. The experience of nil the old inliabitants ia sulTicient evidence of Ihis. If their imperfect 
mode of culture secured satisfartory returns, it is reasonable to presume that a more ijcrfecl system would produce 
greater results. There is abundant evidence to prove, thai in the rich alluvial valleys, ^\hc»t an<l barley have produced 
from forty to sixty bushels from one bushel of seed, ■trithout irr/i/ation. Iri.-h jioiatoes, turnii)s. onions, in fart all the 
edible roots known and cultivate.l in the Atlantic Slates, are produce<l in great perfection. In all Die vallev s east of the 
coast range of hills, the climate is sufficiently warm to mature crops of Indian corn, rice, and probably tobacco. The 
cultivation of the grape has attracted ranch attention at the missions, among the residents of towns, and the rural popu- 
lation, and been attended with much success, wherever it has been attempted. The dry season secures the fruit from 
those diseases which are so fatal in the Atlantic States, and it attains very great perfection. The wine made Imm it is 
of excellent quality, verj' palatable, and can be produced in any quantity. The grapes arc delicious, and protluced with 
verj- little labor. "When taken from tho vines in bundles, and suspended in a dry room by the stems, they become 
partially dry, retain their flavor, and remain several weeks, perhaps months, without decay. Apples, pears, and 
peaches are cultivated with facility ; and there is no reason to doubt that ail the fruits of the Atlantic States can be pro- 
duced in gn-at plenty and perfection. The grasses are very luxuriant and nutritious, affording excelh-nl pasture. The 
oats, which spring up the whole length of the sea-coast, and from forty to sixty miles inland, rentier the cultivation of 
Oiat crop entirely unnecessary, and yield a very great quantitiy of nutritious food for horses, cattle, and slieep. The 
dry season matures, and I may say citrt's, these grasses and oat.s, so tliat they remain in an exeeltenl state of preserva- 
tion during the summer and autumn, and yfit)rd an ample supply of forage. "While the whole surface of the country 
appears parched and vegetation destroyed, the numerous flocks and hCrds which roam over it continue in excellent 
condition. Although the mildness of the winter months and tho fertility of the soil secure to California very decided 
agricultural advantages, it is admitted that irriyution would be of very great importance, and necessarily increase the 
products of the soil in quantity and variety during the greater jiart of the dry scas<in. It should Ibercft>re be encour- 
aged by government, in the survey and disposition of the public lands, as far as practicable. The fanner derives some 
very important benefits from the dry season. His crops in harvest-time are never injured by rain; he can with perfect 
confidence permit thcni to remain in his fields as long after they have been gathered as his convenience may require; 
he has no fears that they will be injured by wet or unfavorable wi-atlier. Hence it is that many who have long beea 
accustomed to that cliuKite prefer it to the changeable weather east of the Hocky Mountains. 

As already stated, t lie forests of California south of latitude 39*^, ami west of the foot-bills of tho Sierra Nevada, are limited 
to detatched, scattering groves of oak in the valleys, and of red-wood on the ridges and on the gorges of the hills. It 
can be of no practical use to speculate on the causes which have denuded so large an extent of countr}', further than to 
ascertain whether the soil is or is not favorable to the growth of forest trees. When the dry season sets in, the entire 
surface is covered with a luxuriant growlb of grass and oat.s, which, as the sunmier advances, become perfectly dry. 
The remains of all dead trees and shrubs also become dry. These materials, therefore, are very combustible, and 
nsually take fire in the latter part of summer and beginning of autumn, which commonly passes over the whole country, 
destroying in its course the young shrubs and trees. In fact, it seems to be the same procesJ5 which has destroyed or 
prevented the growth of forest trees on the prairies of the Western States, and not any quality in the soil unfriendly 
to their growth. The absence of timber and the continuance of the dr>' season are apt to be regarded by farmers, on 
first going into the country, as irremediable defects, and as presenting obstacles almost insurmountable to the successful 
progress of agriculture. A little experience will modify these opinions. It is soon ascertained that the soil will yjroduco 
abundantly without manure ; that flocks and herds sustain themselves through the winter without being fed at the farm- 
yard, and consequently no labor is necessary to provide forage for them; that ditches are ea.sily dug, which present 
very good barriers for the protection of crops until live fences can be planted and have time to grow. Forest trees may 
be planted with little labor, and in very few years attain a sufficient size for building and fencing purposes. Time may 
be usefully emi)loyed in sowing various grain and root crops during the wet or winter season. There is no weather cold 
enough to destroy root crops, and therefore it is not necessary to gather them. They can be used or sold from the field 
where they grow. The labor, therefore, required in most of the old States lo ftdl the forests, clear the land of rubbish, and 
prepare it for seed, may here be applied to other objects. All these things, together with the perfect securiti/ of all 
crops in 7i<irvest~fiine from injur!/ hij wet ireat/ier, are probably sufficient to meet any expense which may be incurred 
in irrigation, or caused for a time by a scanly supply of timber. In the northern part of the State, above latitude ;J9°, 
and on the hills which rise from the great plain of the Sacramento and San Joaquin to the foot of the Sierra Xevada, 
the forests of timber are beautiful and extt-nsive. and would, if brought into use, be aulBcienlly productive to supply 
the wants of the southern and western portions of the State. 

The extent and value of the public lands suitable for agricultural purposes in California cannot be nsrertained with 
any degree of accuracy until some very important preliminary questions shall have been settled. It is not known 
■whether the Jesuits who founded the missions or their successors, the Franciscans, ever «lid, or do now, hold any title 
from the Spanish crown to the lands which they occupied. Xor has any investijralion been made to ascertain how far 
those titles, if they ever existed, have been invalidated by the acts of the priests or the decrees of the Mexican govern- 



CALIFORNIA. 



niont. A siipt-rfii-ial view of tlio nintter would bo very apt to lead to the supposition thai llie JcsuiU, so celebralod for 
wisdom and foresight, woulti not fail to weiire that which, at that time, would prol)aI)Iy have been oI>tairu'd by merely 
asking for it — a royal decree, granting to them all the lands they might rc(iuire in thai remote country for ecclesiastical 
purposes. There liave been some intimations to that eflect, but notlihig \$ dii*tinelly known. These missions embrace 
■within their limits some of the most valuable hiiids in the State, anti it is very important that it should be ascertained 
whether iliey belong to the government or may be justly claimed by individuals. Mo?t of the land tU for cultivation 
south of latitude ^9°, and west of the valley of the Sacramento and San Joa(iuin, is claimed under what purport to be 
grants from the Mexican government. On most of these grants the minerals and metals are reserved to the government;, 
conditions were eoupled with many of them which have not been complied with ; in other*, the boundaries described 
embrace two or three times as much land as the grant conveys. The Mexican law required all grants made by the 
provincial government, with few exceptions, to be crfhflrmed by the supreme goTcrnnienU The great distance which 
fccparate them, and tlie nnfrcquent or difficult means of communication, made a compliance with the law so expensive 
and tardy that it came to be almost disregarded. There were other causes which led to this neglect. Previous to the 
treaty with Mexico and the immigration of American citizens to that countrj', land was not regarded as of much value, 
except for grazing purposes. There was room enough for nil. Therefore, the claimants or proprietors di(] not moIe.«t 
one another, or inquire into the validity of titles. These extensive grants are described by natural boundaries, such as 
mountains, bays, and promontories, which, in many instances, might allow of a variation of several miles in the 
cstabli'^hment of a corner witli chain and cfimpase. liy the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, the United States purchased 
all the rights and interests of Mexico to and in California. This purchase not only embraced all the lands whicli had 
not been granted by Mexico, but all the reserved minerals and metals, and also reversionary rights whieJi might accrue 
to Mexico from a want of compliance on the part of the grantees with the conditions of their grants, or a want of perfec- 
tion ill the grttnis. The lands in the northern part of the State, above 30°. have not been explored or granted. They 
are supposed to embrace an area of about twenty millions of acres, a large portion of which is doubtless valuable for its 
timber and soil. Comparatively few grants have been obtained in the great valley of the Sacramento and San Joaquia. 
This vast tract, therefore, containing, as is estimated, from twelve to fllleen millions of acres, belongs mostly to the 
government. South of this valley and west of the Colorado, within the limits of California, as indicated in licr constitu- 
tion, there are said to be extonsive tracts of valuable unappropriated land ; and, on investigation, it will probably appear 
that there are many of them in detached bodies whicli have not been granted. 

The gold region of California is between 400 and 500 miles long, and from 40 to 50 miles broad, following the line 
of the Sierra Nevada. Further discoveries may, and probably will, increase the area. It eral)race.'i within its linnts 
those extensive ranges of hills which rise on the eastern border of the plain of the Sacramento and Sau Joa«iuia 
and, extending eastwardly from 50 to 60 miles, they attain an elevation of about 4,000 feet, and terminate at the base 
of tlic main ridge of the Sierra Nevada. There are numerous streams which have their sources in the springs of the 
Sierra, and receive the water from its melting snows, and that which falls in rain during the wet season. These 
streams form rivers, which have cut their channels through the ranges of foot-lulls westwardly to the plain, and disem- 
bogue into the Sacramento and San Joaquin. These rivers are from 10 to 15, and probably some of them 20 miles 
apart. The principal formation, or substratum, in these hills, is talcose slate; the superstratum, sometimes penetrating 
to a great depth, is quarts ; this, liowever, does not cover the entire face of the country, but extends in large bodies 
in \'arioU3 directions — is found in masses and small fragments on the surface, and seen along the ravines, and in the 
mountains overhanging the rivers, and in the hill-sides in its original beds. It crops out in the valleys and on the 
tops of the hills, and forms a striking feature of the entire country over which it extends. From innumerable evi- 
dences and indications, it has come to be the universally-admitted opinion, among the miners and intelligent men 
who liavc examined this region, that the gold, u-hether in detached jynrticle.s and 2neces, or in veinv, tons created iji 
comhination with t/is quartz. Gold is not found on the surface of the country, presenting the appearance of having 
l)ccn thrown up and scattered in all directions by volcanic action. It is only found in particular localities, and attended 
by peculiar circumstances and indications. It is found in the bars and shoals of the rivers, in ravines, and in what 
are called the "dry diggings." The rivers, in forming their channels, or breaking their way through the hills, have 
come in contact with the quartz containing the gold veins, and by constant attrition cut the gold into fine flakes and 
dust; and it is found among the sand and gravel of their beds at those places where the swiftness of the current 
reduces it, in the dry season, to the narrowest possible limits, and where a wide margin is consequently left on each 
aide, over which the walc-r rushes, during the wet season, with great force. As the velocity of some streams is greater 
than that of others, so is the gold found in fine or coarse particles, apparently corresponding to the degree of attritiou 
to which it has been exposed. The water Irom the hills and upper valleys, in finding its way to the rivers, has cut 
deep ravines, and, wherever it has come in contact with the quartz, has dissolved or crumbled it in pieces. In the 
dry season, these channels are mostly without water, and gold is found in the beds and margins of many of them iu 
large quantities, hut in a much coarser state than in the rivers, owing, undoubtedly, to the moderate flow and tempo- 
rary continuance of the current, which has reduced it to smooth shapes, not unlike pebbles, but has not had sufficient 
force to cut it into flakes or dust. The dry diggings are places where quartz containing gold has cropped out, and been 
disintegrated, crumbled to fragments, pebbles, and dust by the action of water and the atmosphere. The gold has been 
left as it was made, in all imaginable shapes— in pieces of all sizes, from one grain to several pounds in weight. The 
evidences that it was created in combination with quartz, are too numerous and striking to admit of doubt or cavil ; th^y 
arefomid in comhination in large quantities, 

A very large proportion of the pieces of gold found in these sihialions have more or less quartz adhering to them. In 
many specimens, they are so combined they cannot be separated without reducing the whole mass to powder, and sub- 
jecting it to the action of quicksilver. This gold, not having been exposed to the attrition of a strong current of water, 
retains in a great degree its original conformation. These diggings, in some places, spread over valleys of considerable 
extent, which have the appearance of an alluvion, formed by washings from the adjoining hills, of decomposed quartz 
and slate earth and vegetable matter. In addition to these facts, it is beyond doubt true that several vein-mines have 
been discovered in the quartz, tVom which numerous specimens have been taken, showing the minute connection 
between the gold and the rock, and indicating a value hitherto unknown in gold mining. These veins do not present 
the appearance of places where gold may have been lodged by some violent eruption. It is combined with the quartz 
in all imaginable foi-ms and degrees of richness. The rivers present very striking, ami it would seem, coneluaive 
evidence respecting the quantity of gold remaining undiscovered in the quartz veins. It is not probable that the gold 
9G 



CALIFOKNIA. 



\n the dry «lijjrgin<rs and that in the rivers — llu- foriner in lumps, the latter in dust— were ereatfd l)y difTLrent iirocrsses. 
That which is tDund in the rivers has unduuhtedly been cut or woni from the veins in the rock, with whieh Ihvir eurnnta 
Lave coTiie in contact. All of them appear to be e*iually rich. This is shown by Ilie fact that a laborin;* man may 
collect nearly as much in one river as he can in another. They intersect and out through the gold region, running 
from east to west, at irregular distances of flfteen to twenty, and perhaps some of them thinly miles apart. Hence ii 
ajipears that the gold veins are equally rich in all parts of that most remarkable section of country. Were it wunling. 
tliere are further proofs of this in the ravines and dO' diggings, which uniformly confirm what nature so jOainly shows 
in the rivers, 

Ttie quicksilver mines of California are believed to be numerous, extensive, and valuable, llilherto this metal, so 
»iw_'fal in the arts and mining, has been chiefly derived from Spain and Mexico, and its production been a monopoly. 
The best known mine in California is that near San Josfi, which is claimed by Mr. Forbes, of Tejiic, in Mexico. The 
cinnabar ore which produce the mineral lies near the surface, is easily pnxnired, and the mine is believed to have been 
remarkably productive. Discoveries o£ other like mmes are reported in other parts of the State, but little is publicly 
known respecting them, the belief being, however, that quicksilver will be eventually found in sufficient quantities for 
all purposes of extensive mining operations, if not for export. It is, undoubtedly, a fortunate circumstance, that nature, 
in bestowing on this State such vast metaUio wealth, has thus provided, almost in its immediate neighborhood, inex- 
haustible stores of the only agent by which gold can be successfully separated from its matric4?3. It is also behoved that 
California is rich in silver, copper, iron, and coa!. A silver mine has been discovered a short distance from Monterey, 
■which affords a very rich ore, and has been productive in comparison to the labor bestowed in operating it. In the 
neighborhood of San Francisco bifnminous coal is abundant, and the indications noted in many otiier sections leave no 
doubt of the great extent of coat formation in the State. With regard to other metals, time and circumstances are 
refiuired to develop our knowledge of them ; but there can be but one opinion on the .subject, that California is, in one 
part* or other of its territory, bounteously supplied with all the more useful as well as the precious metals. 

California offers a ver)- interesting and but partially explored field of research to the botanist. Almost every variety 
of vegetation, from the luxuriant productions of the tropici^, to the stinted and scanty growth of the frozen regions, may 
be found in this country. The labors of Douglas and others have made known to the world many of the m-jst valuable 
and remarkable species. Of these it Is possible here to mention only a few. Of the pine and oak, there are several not>le 
and useful varieties in different parts of the country. One of t\iese,phiu^ DoitglasH, first described by Douglas, is probably 
the grandest of the whole vegetable kingdom. It is found on the mountains about the Bay of San Fr-ineisco. and in 
some other sections of California, generally on elevated localities. Specimens of this tree occur of the height of 240 feet, 
the base of whose trunks have a circumference of nearly 60 feet. The trunk is quite destitute of branches, until above 
more than half the altitude, when they grow outward and upward in such a manner as to give the top the form of an 
inverted pyramid. From the ends of the branches hang the cones or seed-vessels, from 12 to 15 inches in length, and 
egg-shaped. The seeds are as large as a good sized bean, and furnish a common article of food to the Indians, who 
collect large quantities of them in the autumn, and pound them into a kind of cake, whieh is baked on healed stones. 
The wood is very fine-grained, and contains a great quantity of resin. The pimui Sabi/u'i^ p. Lambertiana, p. nohilis^ 
and p. restjiosa, are also fine species, though less in size than their gigantic relative. The former is, however, a large 
tree, being often found 110 feet high, and ti-om 10 to 12 in diameter. Among the elevated plains of Upper California it 
grows quite plentifully, as also on the low hills, near the coast, where it attains a larger size. The natives frequently 
build their tires against these trees to save the trouble of collecting fuel ; by this means, also, a sweet gum is made to 
exude from the trunk, which serves them for sugar. The white oak grows on the low and level parts of the country. It 
is not generally a large tree, being from 40 to 50 feet high, and from 2 to 3 feet in diameter at tly? base. The top is 
extremely thick and leafy, forming an almost impenetrable mass of bonghs. It is in some places very abundant. The 
gii**rciis 7iavalis occupies the prairies, river banks, and lower hills, and is 4 or 5 feet in diameter, with branches of 
corresponding dimensions, extending horizontally from the trunk. The live oak {q, virens) grows only on the highlands. 
It is from 2 to 5 feet in thickness, and from 60 to 70 in height. The maple, the ash, the beech, the chestnut, iu several 
varieties, compose large portions of the forests. It is impossible to give a full description of the flowering shrubs and 
plants of Calilbmia, so great is their variety and beauty. A species of raspberrj' {riOes specwsmn) is one of the most 
elegant flowering shrubs of the country. It is exceedingly abundant in some localities, and, with its long crimson 
stamens, and its deep green leaves, presents an appearance tnily lovely. The flowers bloom early in spring. 
In many places are found several species of 7nirmdus, one of which is from 3 to 4 f'^et in height, and is a very 
showy plant This country also has numerous species of pMox and Tieiich^niy and innumerable quantities of epilo- 
hiinn, anotJiera, or primrose, penUiem^n, papavef, or poppy, chfphi/iiinn, and S'll^'ia, A species of lily also grows 
here, the riKits of which are eaten by the natives. The Sciila 6«c(/Zf«;« grows along the whole coast; this is called by 
the natives " quamash^'' and the root forms a very common article of food. To prepare this for eating, a liole is made in 
the ground, and a number of .stones placed in it. on which a fire is kindled and kept burning until they are made hot, 
when the fire is extinguished, and the roots, wrappc<l in straw, leaves, and moss, are placed upon them. They are well 
roasted in a few hours, and are then laHeu off and hung up to dry. This root is also sometimes pounded and made into 
cakes, which are preserved for future use ; the taste is sweet, and rather agreeable, but if eaten too freely they are"^ apt to 
produce diarrhea. This plant is most abundant on the banks of rivers and on lowlands by the margins of foresf.s, in 
which localities arc also found several species ofpi/ro!^^ caprl/oliimi and lupimiu% which sometimes cover an immense 
extent of land. The arbidue is also abundant in simitar situations. The large species ((/. procei-a). is a fine shrub 
fVcquently attaining a growth which entitles it t<) be called a tree. The a. uva iirsi is found in almost every part of the 
colder sections of the country, and its berries are frequently eaten l>y the natives, and even by travelers. A very useful 
plant to the natives is the helonias teriaec, the fibres of which are stronger than any hemp. Cords made of this are used 
by the Indians for the purpose of snaring deer and other animals, and one the thickness of the little finger is so strong as 
not to be broken by the largest elk. The gooseberry grows in California, and bears plentifully. The sand-hills and 
moors are covered with a great variety of syngenesious plants, and on the more fertile and humid soil grows a gaudy- 
flowered currant-bush, and a pretty species of honeysuckle. Perhaps the most remarkable shrub here is the i/fi/^fra, a 
poisonous plant, which, however, affects some particular constitutions only. liy contact with the skin, it produe.cs 
tumors and violent inflammation. It is a slender shrub, preferring cool and shady places, and bearing a trefoil 
crenated leaf. Two roots— the plants of which are ver}' beautiful— are used by the natives for soap ; these are called 
amole and samate. On the rocky coast of Monterey are immense collections of sea-weed, /»-chw pyrifoniU^ which 

N 97 



CALIFORNIA. 



are said to have gathered there In such abundance as to have saved several vessels from splitting on the rocks when 
driven on them by the tempest, ' 

The animal kingdom in Califoniia U made up of most of the zoological varieties found east of the Rocky Mountains 
and of soine few species peculiar to the region itself. The black bear (»i-«!m Aniencama) is an inhabitant of .uany 
districts, and in its habits and appearance dilTers little from its congener of the north; the barren-ground bear (,.r«„ 
arctm) is of a lighter color, but in every other respect similar to the black bear; the grizzly bear (unmjh-o^) U also a 
denizen, and is the most formidable wild animal of the country. The Polar bear (,itrms maritime) is sometimes seen 
on Uie northern coast, but is evidently a stranger, borne down on floating ice from the higher latitudes. The raceoou 
iprooymi htor), the American badger (metes sat,wMm), the glutton or wolverine (giih /,«««), the common weasel 
{;«i«W« t-,^i/«,-«), the ermine (»«. ermhtm), the mink, martin, and skunk, are found in v.arious parts, and are valuable 

I, Tl"'"'' ^^ "'uo ''"'" ^'fT T '"''^' ■"""^■^""»- The species mostly seen are the common wolf (,luj,us Ameri. 
CO.™), the gray woir(i ffme«.s), the dusky wolf(/. n,Mll.),lbe black wolf (/. ater), and the prairie wolf (<-a,L Utran,) 
ro.ves are common, and of these two species exist, the red fox (c«n«/«to,«) and the gray fox (c. cinere^argenuuj). 
Of the cat tribe there are several species, as the cougar or puma Udh co,ic<,k>,% the northern lynx (/. cam„/,;,„„) the 
banded lynx (f./aecmt,,), and the red lynx (/ ru/a). These inhabit mosUy the dense forests and thieklv-wooded sides 
of the mountains, preymg on deer and other anim.als. In the Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers, as w"eU as on tnany 
parts of the coast, the common hair seal (plwca vitelihu,) is abundant, and follows the track of the salmon. The beaver 

c«*tor7SteO and the musk rat (JOer ^belM^ns) are also common, especiaUy at the confluence of the Sacramento with 
the Bay. The quality of the fur of these latter animals, however, is inferior to that obtained more to the north The 
moose (cen'm alc^) is foun.l in aU the woody and mountain regions, and near the coast, and the elk (cwn<« «,»«<?,.«, 

n rrT J°"^^ ™'"'*'' '" ™™"''' '"■'■'''■ '^''"^ "'■<' """y ■>*" 'P^<'''^ <"■ «'•" f<"""l in various parts, as the 
black-ta. ed deer (e. „mcrot,x), the long-tailcd or jumping deer (e. louewu,), etc. ; and the prong-horned antelope (a 
fi^rafer) is found m considerable numbers. The mountain sheep, or argali («>« montaua). inhabits the loftiest and 
coldest mountains ; m its general appearance it resembles the large domestic sheep, but has horns out of all proportion 
lo Its body, and is covered with a coarse short hair, of a dingy brown color, which can scarcely be called wool The 
oison (ic/s Americamci) is seldom seen, but is not altogether unknown to the hunter. The sea otter ilutra marina-) is 
abundant along the coast, and at the mouths of rivers, and the land otter (I. Bra^Ueml^) is found in many parts of the 
country. 01 rats, mice, marmots, hares, rabbits, and squirrels, there are numerous species in all parts of the countrj- 

Among the feathered tribes of California, the first wortliy of notice is the great vulture (sai-coramp/ws CatifaniMnm) 
second only to the huge condor of South America, and closely alUed to it in many respects. It is met with alomr the 
whole coast; it is solitary in its habits, rapacious, of enormous size, and singular in conformation and appearance and 
seems to hold the same position in the scenery of this country as il3 European congener, the lammcrgever, in that o'ftho 
Alps. It buUds m the highest trees of the mountain forests, and only aiiproacbes the valleys in search o'f its carrion food 
When full grown, it measures about 4 feet 8 inches from beak to end of the tail, and from 9 to 10 feet from tip to tip of iu 
wmgs. Its color is brownish black, the bill and legs yellow, and its quUls are much esteemed by the hunter for making 
tubc« for his pipe. The turkey buzzard (cathai-ks aura) is also found here, but is not common, but the black vulture 
(camrUs atratm) is found in every part. The golden eagle (aywito c/mjsotm), the bald eagle (ag.iila leucocen/uiia) 
the osprey or flsh-hawk (aquila luilwa), the black hawk or peregrine falcon (/uieo ^e,-e(/,v« «»), the jer-falcon ( /u/cfl 
ulamlwm), and several others of kindred species, but of lesser note, are found here, as the sparrow-hawk the pi-eon- 
hawk, and the gos-hawk-the latter identical with the European species so celebrated in the royal sport of falranry 
Owls of various species are found throughout the country; and among the birds common to the temper.ate re<'ion of the 
continent may be mentioned the shrike, the robin, the cat-bird, the thrush, the lark, the red-wing, the cross-bill "the raven 
the magpie, the jay, tho wood-pecker in numerous varieties and species. In some parts of the south the humming-bh-d 
IS quite numerous, and swallows of every description-barn, clilT, and bank swallow^arc as common as in any other 
section of the Uniom There is probably no other country which jiroduces so many varieties of grouse, or in so great 
""l^ T ■, "?'' '°'"-'' """^ "''™ "'■'' ^^"^ "'* ™ter-fowl, and the low lands near the ouUels of some of the streams 
m the Paciflc coast actually swarm with geese, ducks, widgeons, teal, cranes, curlews, snipes, and various other waders 
and swimmers. The swan (ajguu, huccinutor) is Uie largest swimming bird of the eountrv, and seems to dilfer nothine 
from the same species elsewhere. The white pelican {p. onocroUd,,,) is found on the coast, and large numbers fremient 
the bays and harbors. OtTthe coast, too, may be seen the mighty albatross; specimens of euormo.^ size are sometimes 
seen, measuring 4 feet in length and 10 or 12 across the wings. oomeumes 

_ The waters of California are replete with fish of every size and variety. The seas swarm densely, and the b.ays and 
nvcrs are alive w-itli the.r peculiar denizens. The California Gulf produces great numbers of edible shell-fish The 
oyster the pearl-shell the muscle, several species of haliotis, all afford either food or articles of trade and ornament to 
the itihabtonts. In California fish are generally little sought after, the productions of the earth being so nunurous 

n^Uv'f In ib r °, , """" 't""" "' '"" """"^ *'-^ ""■""' "" ^'""«'™' =""• ^"--'""^^ ""•• -'- «"l«i».cncc of Z 
natives. In the Co umbia, as well as in the San Joaquin and Sacramento rivers, and in almost every water-course 
having Its outlet m the sea, the number of (salmo) salmon are almost incredible. On some of these rivers from two o 
three thousand are somelimcs taken in a single day. The Indians sometimes capture them with a kind of wic^r bask ° 
smiilar to that used by the fishermen on the Atlantic co.ist for taking lobsters. This is done in the sprin-, when 1 e fiTl 
are on then- passage up the stream. They are .also taken with the spear, which consists of a sharp piece o bonefi tened 
to the end of a shaft of wood 12 or 15 feet iu length, and which the Indians use with great dextc^t y, frequeiil securing 
salmon of from 20 to 30 pounds in weight The fish are dried or salted, and preserved for lUlure use' They are alsf 
someumes taken with only a smaU scoop net, fastened to the end of a pole. Dougl.-« speaks of an individual measured 
by him which was 3 feet 6 mches long, and 10 inches broad, weighing 85 pounds. This size is not exa4 rid 
specimens nearly or quite as large having often been seem Some of the streams also abound with 4, fine 
sahnoD-trout, and with a smaU trout nearly resembling the one which affords so much sport to the angler of te 
older Slatj-s The sturgeon (a.:,j,r„.,cr tran.m^ntanu.) sometunes attain, great size in the large rivers bei,^ 
from 8 to 10 feet m length, and weighing nearly 500 pounds. In general, however, this flsh is of much smaller dimen! 
sums. It IS principally found not far from the mouths of the rivers. In the Bay of Monterey is a species of maetoel 
(,soomiercol,a.s) m great plenty, and easily t.ikem Here, as well .•« in most other parla of the coast, also swim seh^^ 
of a small flsh resemblmg, if not identical with, the .ardine of Italy, familiar to epicures. These are somet m "seen to 
such mimense numbers that the surface of the water for a great distance around resembles a Uving ma^ betg kept S 



CALIFORNIA. 



^.. oo„™on.,„ .y n.o. «n.. Porpo.es ^e ve^ nu.e... j^ ^^ ™ "^^^X^^^ 
weather may always be seen playinj tl.e.r pranks on the "•''™^' '^^ ° "re found i"™™"' P^''* °f "''^ ''^''-'^°'^'- 

r'e shdifish ar' in .4 country of very m,e water ^^'^^^f^;'^^ ^n "; ducf.ons of California bave bitterto 
The estimates and aseertainments by census, of f I'"'''''^ »' ;;;7 ;fr;,^^^^^^^^^^ „f i85.>, it can scarcely be con- 

been very incomplete, and in referoce to the P'P''''''^;*;^;' ^/J^^ffjs , rSenate, in tto fall of the year 1S50, 
sidered as an approxhnation. The est.mate made by Gene a Douglas of *-'= e en^^ ^^^ ^^_^^^_^ ^^ ^^^^ .^ ^^_^^ 
is perhaps more nearly accurate, and ,s g.ven beh w ^ ;^=.t ' ;..r h , i ^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^ ^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^^^^_._ 

s;::^':;:: ^;s:r sr^r n^" s^::z— . ...... ..^. . .^ condition of .. .... 

The following are the population returns referred to : 



Countieg. 



Census 

Butte ''•^^8 ••• 

Calaveras 10,334 



Colusi 



115 . 



Estimate. 

.. 14,000 

.. 16.000 

(with Trinity).. 
... 600 



8,572 

20,192 

612 

2,745 



ElDonTo"'' '■■.■.::'.'■.". aoJsl 22,000 erfim. 40,000 

Klamath (from Trinity)^ 

Los Angeles no returns 



Marin 



6,000 . 
600 . 



5.30 
7,S81 
1,03G 



Z 4400 .. 4,600 S,969 

M»r.p"5a 4.«"J <^^ ... 



66. 



400 . 
2,000 . 
1,600 . 



Mendocino 

Monterey '.8^2 

x^ 414 

Napa *'* 

Nevada (from Tuba) 

Placer (from El Dorado) 

Saer.imcnto ".000 IS.OOO 

Ban Dieso no returns. . . 2,000 

San.Joaquin 4,000 5,000 

San Francisco 21,000 25,000 



416 
, 2,723 
. 2,116 
. 21,365 
. 10,784 
. 12,.5S9 
2,032 
. 5,029 
. 36,1.51 



Nrit 



[■snf 
ties. 

San Louis Obispo — 

Santa Barbara 

Santa Clara 

Santa Cruz 

ShastS 

Sierra 

Siskiyou . . 
Solano . . . 
Sonoma. . . 

Sutter 

Trinity... 
Tuolumne 
Tulare . . . 
Yolo 



934 
2,181 
6,C64 
1,219 
4,050 
4,865 



C.=r«tia Pniiirl.-'ss' 

IKMi. EslJiiii'te. 

1,336 600... 

1,165 2,.500.... 

, . 3,802 6,000 ... 

074 1,000... 

378 ...(with Trinity), 
(ft-om Tuba) 
(from Trinity, Shastd, & Klamath) 2,240 

6s0 1.600 2,835 

661 1,000 2,337 

8,030 8,000 1,207 

659 10,200 1,"64 

..no returns.... 20,000 "."f 

(from Mariposa) Sfi'iS 

1,008 1.000. 



YubaV IW'32 J2^' 

Total 117,533 130,000. 



1,307 
. 22,005 

. 264,435 



-Hurabolt County, from Trinity, 

Tlie f.iUowing summary of the census of the blate in 1 
of Stale, to 



and San Bernardino County, from Los Angeles, are 



counties erected since 1S52. 



1852, is abstr.icted from tlie report 



of W. Van Voorhies, Secretary 
: last L.-gislature 



the-governor, and dated 25th January, 1853 : •■^";"^':^^J^^^Z^^Zt:[Zo^e of n.aKing a 
active measures°were commenced, which bave ^-n I---'- P ^;*; '^bc^ however,' baT been but in.per- 
cotTcct and complete exhibit of the populal.on and resonrces °f '« S'..te^ ^f^./eomplieated ami extensive an 

feetly accomplished, in consequence nr some ''^S'^/' " 'f^^^™ ^ ' ^ '"' ' ,,,„ mixed unsettled, and fluctnaUng 
nndertaking in a new and comparaUvely >'f ^^'J" fj^ .^' ^^''^"X™ t;i,, counties, the hostile tribes of Indians 
character of our population, the d.fltcnlly of tho o,,gl ^t" ™' '^^, " „„, „, „„,i„e,s ,.f the census agent was in 
infesting some sections, and the nustake..supp.,smon^on the^part of ;';-^";, .^ ^^^,^„^ ^,„^,,,„ „„ „pponunity which 
some way connected with taxaUon. 



isilion on the part of many that the business . 
Believftig that the occa-n of talung ^. e«»us^^^ 

•ght not be again soon et^oyed, of p,..cunng '"f'^^^f^^^^rtZ:::^^:<^^o< the census agenta to 
pertainingtothenaturalcuriosiliesand eatureso theState,Iembra^ l^a^ i„„„ctions not having been received 

:^^:r:;:m^ri^;r ^^;:=;r«,n^:r lycamed o. . . ..... ... .....^. . 



intelligence collected 



■esented in this particular an.l much useful and interesting m 

^>::TC;:^r r:;^ - ":;::=- -=- r irtSix::;^^"---^- ' ^' "^ " 

,0 conclude that much of the most uselhl and .ntcrestmg "- '" '" 'f ,,^^»^ ™n as yet returned, either as respects 

" P.,puMlon.-U will be observed that the county of El "" f''; '2;;''J;'^™ ^^ counties of the State. The 

pepul^n.productio.. Tl^.— a^be^n^of «.em^ „ „,e in this o^ce, 11,252; and 



Tote cast in this county i 



isrz:^ST:^itsv:^^^:^:^ 



.,„ . „.,.„, ««;».. -J';-r^,s ri-r.;;" 'y;;';".?;E»:"?;^?««s 



ounty of Yuba, with 

The county of Nevada, with a population 

of20 192. casts a vote of 5.132. The county of 

"population of 40,000; which is, in fact, an under esUmate, preservn; 



- ---• ----rtrpl^^i^^ll^Siir^b^ 

th; mttuber of votes and i..abita,,.. E^imating .^P^^t^of^^^^ 

. _ _, Ti,„M ,.on tie no doubt, however, in.ii ui 



of that county are given above. There can be no <>"';/"; '■7 ;;^;„V 
ioned, not more than five-sixlhs of the whole P"P;>'^". » ' " , , V,^":„ 
:enls who have made returns, set forth the fact "''•■-'-•'.,, 



has 
obtain 



of the State 264.4.35. This appears from the actmd re 

the data upon which I have based the estimate 

fonseouence of the difflcuUies previously mentis 

TenTaken. The reports of all the census "S™'-;;" j'-^ -^^^slX't^'th: ^^irm^Uo^Veturned and that estimated 

the whole population of their ■•<=»P«rt,ve countie addmg the, one '^^^ th p ^^ ^^ ^^^^_^^ ^^^^^^^^ p,,^ 



CALIFORNIA. 



increase in Ihe course of two years, taking the actual returns of the census, of 99.-135, an annual increase of 49,717, and 
an increase of 30 per cent, per annum; of llie increase per cent, per annum, tiie United StJites. according to the late 
census, was Z^, showing a difference t)f increase bf.twcen the Stale of California and tlic other Slates of the Union of 
2f>i per cent, per annum. Taking, however, the estimated and more probable census of the State, namely, 803,507, and 
it gives an annual positive increase of 71,753, an increase of 43 per cent, per annum, and a dilTercuce of Increase per 
cent, between California and other Slates of 89J. 



" This popiilation is composed as follows : 

White inhabitants, male 151,115 

" " female 29,741 

Citizens over 21 years of age 93,344 

Negroes, male 1,G37 

" female 253 

" over 21 years of age 1,259 

Mulatloes, male • 42 1 

" female 9S 

" over 21 years of age 4(»7 

Indians (domcsticaltd), male 19,675 

" " female 12,864 



Indians over 21 years of age 15.Sfi6 

Foreign residents, male 50.631 

" " female 4.8G0 

" over 21 years of age 39,444 

TOTAL. 

Whites 180,856 

Citizens over 21 years of age 93,344 

Negroes 1,890 

Mulatloes 522 

Indians (domesticated) 82,589 

Foreign residents 54.991 



" In this estimate the county of El Dorado is not included, which will probably add to the whites 30,000 ; to the citizens 
of the United States over 21 years of age 12,000 ; to the negroes 200 ; to the mulatloes 50 ; to the Indians 1,000 ; and to 
the foreign residents 5,000— making a final total of whites, 210,853 ; citizens over 21 years of age, 105,844 ; negroes, 2,090 ; 
mulatloes, 672 ; Indians (domesticated). 33.539 ; foreign residents, 59.991. 

"The counties of Nevada. Placer, and Tuba have reported 9.So9 Chinese. The other counties have embraced them 
without discrimination under the general liead of foreign residents, the number is believed to approximate 25.000. 

" Productions and CupitHL—rndeT this head, I regret to slat*-, that not only the county of El Dorado, entire, but that 
of Calave^.^s, also, in part, two of the most wealthy and productive of the State, have to be omitted, not having as yet 
been returnetl. 

"A few of the counties have reported on the subjects of horticulture, manufactures, milling, farming, and farming 
utensils, separately, while the others have combined them under the general head of ' capital employed for other purposes.' 

" The following items are not included under the general head above mentioned : 

Capital employed in stock, farming, and gardening $1,857,502 00 

" " fruits and orchards 866,910 00 

" " improvements and real estate 6,3 1S.316 00 

" " farming utensils 125,940 00 

« " milling 240,850 00 

— making the total capital employed for purposes other than those specified under general heads $49,500,951. Estimate 
of El Dorado and Calaveras counties. 10,000,000— making $59.S00,9S1. 

'•The articles of sheep, hogs, and poultry, although not specifically required by law, have been reported upon from 
twenty counties, and are as follows : sheep, S2,SG7, at $12 each— $994.404 ; hogs, 88,976, at $10 each— -839,760 ; poultry, 
96,230, at $2 each— 192,460 ; total value, $1,576,624. 

" For the number of horses, mules, cows, beef cattle, work oxen, bushels of barley, oats, wheat, potatoes, com, acres 
of land in cultivation, quartz-mills, cajjilal invested in quartz mining, capital invested in Placer mining, capita! invested 
in other mining, and eapitid employed for other purposes, rcfi-rcnce is made to the statistics of different counties respectively. 

"The following is the estimated value of the live-stock and agricultural producta. These prices are given at an aver- 
age much below the market value : 



Live.Rlock. 

Horses at $30 $1,943,190 00 

Mules at 50 823 900 00 

Cows at 50 5.216,950 00 

Beef cattle., at 25 7,8S4.S00 00 

Work oxen, at 50 1,453,250 00 



$17,327,090 00 



Agricultural- Products. 

Barley at $1 40 per bushel $3,163,227 00 

OaL< at 1 00 " 100,497 00 

"Wheat at 2 40 " 652,23100 

Totatoes at 1 50 " 2,089,755 00 

Corn at 2 50 " 150.330 00 



$6,162,040 00 



The counties of Sonoma, Santa Cruz, Santa Clara, Sacramento, Napa, Mendocino, Los Angeles, and Contra 

Costa have reported 5.553,655 pounds onions, valued at J1S6 000 

The counties of Yolo, Sierra, Santa Barbara, Santa Cruz, Santa Clara, and Monterey have reported 2,359,250 

cabbnges, valued at qq 777 

The counties of Sonoma, Santa Barbara, Santa Clara, and Monterey have reported 80,271 bush, of beans, value 72,492 

The county of Santa Barbara has reported 1.370 barrels olives, valued at 27,400 

The counties of Santa Barbara and Santa Clara have reported 26.81 1 grape vines, valued at 20,8U 

The counties of Yolo, Sonoma, Sierra, Sacramento, and Mendocino have reported 490,990 lbs. tnrntps, valued , . 14.927 

The county of Sacramento has reported 1,039,300 pounds tomatoes, valuetl at 82^403 

The counties of Santa Clara and Sacramento have reported 1 ,107,5il0 pounds of carrots, valued at 83.226 

The county of Sacramento has reported 358 acres of melons, valued at 17.900 

The county of Sacramento has reported 460.000 pumpkins, valued at 46,000 

The county of Santa Clara has reported 508,000 bricks, valued at 10,160 

The county of Marin has reporte.i 1.500,000 bricks per month, valued at (per annum) 360.000 

The counties of Santa Barbara and Los Angeles have reported 73,462 gallons wine, value. 146,934 

And 73,056 gallons brandy 109,584 

The counties of Santa Cruz and Nevada have reported capital invested in manufactures . 6 800 

100 



CAL 



CAM 



'SUowiniT tniiil t-apilal ami proiiuclitms of the ^L;ite as ft)ll(nvs : 



I llnrticiillure. manufactures, etc $1,1,^0,000 



(Jaartz mining 

I'lacer " 

OlhlT " 

Estimate f'lr El Duratlo mining;. 



5,^71,405 
4.174,419 
8.S51 ,G'i8 
2.5(10.1100 



Toliil capital emitloyed fnr purposes oUkt lliun 

those Ppecifletl uiuier pt^n<'ral heads, incliitl- 

ing t'Slimutfs for El Uonuio and Calavt-ras. . $59.SnO,000 

Livi-stock Is.(ui8.714 

Agriculiural products (>.lti-',040 

Land in t-ultivalion ],ln7.4S0 I 

Estimate for El Dorailo and Calaveras 5,000,000 I 3;liiS,520,GSl 

" In the above estimate it will be observed tluit the value of no lan<l except that in actual cultivation is inchideii, 

'■ With these facta now before us, it may not be uninteresting or devoid of utility to take a comparative view of our 
position in reference to the olhiT Stales of ihc nniou. 

'* Horf^es. — In these we are iu advance of fifteen of the States. Jfidei. — In those w'e are in advance of twenty-six of 
the States. MiU'k Cows. — In these we are in advance of twelvt; of the States. jr*i/7.: fU-tJi. — In these we are in advance 
of eiijht of the States. Skfpp. — In thtsc. a!lhnui;h having returns from only twenty counties, we are in advance of four 
States. Strine. — In these, alihoui^h only twenty counties have reported, we are in advance of tliree States. Valits o/ 
Zii>:-!itocl\ — In this we surpass twenty-two of the States. BarUy. — In this we are mdy equaled by one State, New York. 
We raise more than one-half as much of this article as is produced in the whole Union besides. Potatoes. — In this 
a;;aiu we stand next to New Turk, and raise on-'-Hfih the quantity produced by the balance of the Union. Tr/(€rt^. — In 
this we surpass ten of the Slates. Ont^v. — In this we cultivate more than three-fourths of our sister Stales. Indian Coin, 
—We produce less of this than any State of the I'nion. Jli'itns. — In this we surpass nine of the States, notwitlistanding 
only five counties have reported the quantity produced. Uai/. — In this, tliou-jth not returned from more than one-half 
counties, we exceed nine of the Stales. Fniit-fi. — In tlicse we excel all the States in variety, and one-half in quantity 
produced. JUiniii/j. — In this branch of industry we stand not only without a parallel, but wiih<nit a competit(tr. Ayri- 
cuUure.—'Vhis important branch has been comparatively but little attended to in this State, and consc(iuently in the value 
of cultivated land we are sui-piiascd by all the States of the Union. The fact, however, that we excel must of them in 
the productions of the soil, shows the fertility and pnxluctiveness of our lands in a nn)st favorable light. Tro'/t^. — Yolo, 
Trinity, Sutter, Santa Cruz, San Diego, Sacramento, and Nevada counties Iiave reported merchandise to the amount 
of $4,000,000. The remainder of the counties have include<l this item, with others, under the general head of 'Capital' 
employed for other purposes — iu these, too, we surpass more tlvan one-half the States. JUnerals. — The many interesting 
geological developments made by the census, place our State far in advance of all her sisters in the variety and import- 
ance of these great handmaids of science an*! civilization. Many matters ol interest are touched upon in the reports of 
the diiferent agents, which, on account of their isolated character, could not be arranged under general heads and class- 
ified. I have, therefore, endeavored to supply this defect by reference to them in this maimer. It is needless to say 
the estimates subnutted in this report are not claimed to be entirely accurate, but sutliciently so for practicable purposes. 
Tiiey will be found, I think, to present no exaggerated representation of our resources." 

Vallejo is the capital of the Stale ; the Legislature of 1S53, however, sat at Benicia. 



Caltfoenia, t. and p. o., Branch co., Mic/i. : G6 m. S. by 
W. Lansing. 

Cat.ifop.nia, p. v., Yallabasba co., Miss. : 109 m. N. by 
E. Jackson. 

Cai-ivoiesia, p. v., Clermont co., Ofiio: S7 m. S. W. Co- 
in tub us. 

CALtFORXiA. p. v., and cap. Moniteau co., 3f). : 2i m. W. 
Jefferson City. 

CALiyoENiA, p. v., Floyd CO., (r'ti. : 145 m. N. W. Mil- 
ledgeville. 

Calk's Ferut, p. o., Lexington dist., S. Car. 

Callaghas's. p. c, Alleghany co., Virg.: at the forks 
•sflhe roads leading to the Hot and Sulphur Springs, 5 m. 
W. of Covington, and 141 m. W. liichmond. 

Callasds, p. o., l*"ittsylvania co., Virg. : 122 m. W. S. "W. 
Riclimond. 

Callaway county, Kij. Situate W. on S. border, and 
contains 460 sq. m. Drained by Clark's and Blood rivers, 
tributaries of the Tennessee, which lies on its E. border. 
Surface levet. and soils moderately fertile. The products 
are wheat and Indian corn, with some Ixihacco and cotton. 
Farms 9:J3 ; manuf. 7 ; dwell. 1,1*11. and pop.— wh. 7,094, IV. 
col. 10, si. 9:»2— total 8,096. CapiUil : Murray. 

Callaway county, J/b. Situate centrally on Missouri r. 
and contains G40 sq. m. Drained by Au Yase and otlier 
<Teeks. Surface undulating, w'rth good limber, and the soils 
fertile. Wheat, corn, and tobacco arc the chief jtroduet;*. 
Farmsl.iSO; manuf. 33; dwell.l, G12,and pop.— wh. 9,S08, 
fr. col. -l-i, si. «,907— total 13.S27. Capital : Fulton. 

Callensbitiig, p. o., Clarion co., Penv. : on the S. side 
of Clarion r., a tributary of Alleghany r., 152 m. W. N. W. 
Harrislturg. 

Cai.lensville, p. v., Pendleton co., A'^. •' 49 m. N. E. 
Frankfort. 

Callicoon, p. v., Sullivan co., JV. Y. : on the E. side of 
ftie Delaware r., 6G m. S. W. Albany. 



Calltcoon DecSt, p. 0., Sullivan co., N'. Y. : on the New 
York and Erie li. l'.,141 m. from New York, and 323 from 
Dunkirk. 

Caln, p. 0., Chester co., Pi^an.: 5S m. E. by S. Harris- 
burg. 

Calno, p. o., Warren co., K Jt^r. : 51 m. N. by W. 
Trenton. 

Cahlmet county, TTZ-ie. Situate N. E. on Laki' Winne- 
bago, and contains 324 sq. m. Drained chiefly by the head 
streams of Manitouwoc and Sheboygan rivers. Surface v.a- 
ried — in the centre traver.sed by a rocky ridge ; and timber 
.abundant. Farms 125: manuf. 4; dwell. 3S3, and jiop. — 
wh. 1.721. fr. col. 122— total 1.S43. Capital : Mauehester. 

Calumet, p. o., Porter co., Ind. : on Calumet cr., 134 m. 
N. N. W. Indianapolis. 

Calumet Village, p. v., Fond du Lac co., Wi^c. : on 
the S. E. side of Winnebago Lake, S3 m. N. E. Madison. 

Calumic river, Ind. : rises on the W. side of La Porte co., 
and runs W. nearly parallel with Lake Michigan, into 
Illinois ; there a part of it empties into the lake, 15 m. N. E. 
of Chicago, and the other part returns directly K., parallel 
with its former course, and only 3 or 4 m. N. of it, falling 
into the lake at its extreme southern bend. The name was 
derived from calnnut, the Indian ''pipe of peace.'' Its 
original name was Ken-no-mo-kong. 

Calvaet, p. v., Athens co., Ohio: 63 ra. S.E. Columbus. 

Calvekt county, Md. Situate W. shore, and contains 
230 sq. m. I)raine<l hy creeks falling into Chesapeake Bay 
and Patuxenl r. Surface undulating, rising from tJie waters ; 
soil a fine mold, producing tobacco, corn, wheal, etc. Farms 
434 : dwelt. 1,00G, and pop.— wh. 3,63lt, fr. col. 1,4;J0, si. 4,486 
— lohil 9.'>46. Capita/ : Prince Frederick. 

Calvin, p. o., Huntingdon co., Perm.: 69 m. W. Ilar- 
risburg. 

C.YMAK, p. v., Warren CO., Ga. : on the line of the Geor- 
gia i;. n., 47 m. from Augusta, and 45 E. N. E. Milledge 

101 



CAM 



tUIo. a branch E. E. hence diverges to Warronlon, dis- 
tant 4 m. 

Camasciie. p. v., Clinton CO., la. : on the W. side of the 
Miasi»si])pi r, GT m. E. by N. Iowa Cily. A railroad is pro- 
jected to run hence to Iowa City. 

Cauaeoo, p. v., Lancaster co., Pmn, ; 46 m. E. S. E. 
Harriflburg. 
Cahabgo, p. v., Lincdn eo., Tenn. : CD m. S. Na.shville. 
Cajiaeoo, p. v., Monroe co., Mim. : U2 m. N. K. Jaelison. 
Camakoo, p. v., Jefferson co., Iiitl. : 76 m. 8. E. Indian- 
apolis. 

Camaego, p. v., Monlgomery co., iy. ; 62 m. E. by S. 
Frankfort. 

Cambkia county, Pmn. Situate W. centrally, and con- 
tains VM sq. m. Drained by TV. branch of Susquehanna r., 
and the head waters of the Connemaugh. Surface rough 
and sometimes mountainous— the Alloghanies making its 
E. and Laurel Eidge its W. border. The soils arc of aver- 
age fertility. Farms 1,089; mauuf. 126; dwell. 2,S99, and 
pop.— wh. 1T,645, fr. col. 12S— louil 17,773. Capital : Ebcns- 
burg. Public Works : Pennsylvania Canal and Pennsyl- 
vania E. R. 

Cambsia, p. v., Lucerne co., Pcnti. : 67 m. N. E. Harris- 
burg. 

Cambria, p. T., HUlsdale co., Mich. : 62 m. S. by 'W. 
Lansing. 

Camueia, t and p. v., Kiagara co., Jf. Y. : 24S m. W. 
Albany. The Eochestcr, Lockport, and Niagara Falls K. E. 
passes through the t, 6i m. from Eochestcr. Pop. 2,SC6. 

Cambbia, p. o., and cap. Wayne co., la.: 113 m. S. W. 
by W. Iowa City. 

Cambbia Mills, p. o., Hillsdale co., Mich. : 62 m. S. by 
W. Lansing. 

CAiiBEiLGE, p. T., Dallas CO., Ala. : 62 m. W. S. W. 
Montgomery. 

Cambkiuge, p. v., Dane CO., THso. ; on the W. side of a 
stream flowing into Lake Koshkonong, 19 m. E. by 8. 
Madison. 

CiMBEiDGE, city and p. o., TVaj-ne co., Ind. : on the "W. 
branch of White Water r., where it is crossed by the Na- 
tional Uoad and the Indiana Central E. K., 52 m. E. In- 
dianapolis. The White Water Canal has its northern ter- 
minus at Uagerstown, 7 m. N. of Cambridge. 

Cambeidge, p. v., Henry co., III. : 92 m. N. N. W. 
Springfield. 

Cambeidge, p. v., and cap. Dorchester co., Mtl. : on the 
S. side of Choptank r., 12 m. from Chesapeake Bay, and 37 
m. S. E. Annapolis. 

Cambeidge, t. and p, o., Somerset CO., Me. : 47 m. N. by E. 
Augusta. Pop. C33. 

Cambeidge, t. and p. o., Lenawee co., Mich. : 51 m. S. 
by E. Lansing. Pop. 974. 

CAMBEifOE, p. v.. Saline co., J/o. ; on the 8. side of the 
Missouri r., 64 m. W. N. W. Jefferson City. 

Cambeidge, t., p. city, and cap. Middlesex Co., MnfK. : 
8 m. N. W. Boston. The ■Obser>atory stands in laU 42° 22' 
4S" and long. 71° 08' W. Cambridge is the seat of Harvard 
University, one of the most flourishing schools of the United 
Stales, founded 1638 ; and here is located Mount Auburn 
Cemetery, a spot remarkable for its natural beauties. The 
puljlio buildings are at East Cambridge, at Lechmere's 
Point, a v. at the 9. E. extremity of the t., which is con- 
nected with Boston and Charlestown by bridges. A news- 
paper, the " C. Chronicle," is issued weekly. The t is also 
connected with Boston by E. E. Pop. 15,215. 

Cambeidge, t. and p. v., Washington co., iV: 1'. : on 
Hoosie r., 31 m. N. N. E. Albany. Pop. 0,698. 

Cambeidge, t., p. v., and cap. Guernsey co., Ohio : on the 
E. bank of Wells cr., 72 m. E. Columbus. Pop. oft. 2,489. 
CAjinEiDGE, p. T., AbbovUle dist, S. Car.: 74 m W. by 
N. Columbia. 

Cambeidge, t. and p. o., Lamoille Co., Vfrtn. : on La- 
moiUe r., 81 m. N. W. ilontpclier. Pop. 1,849. 
102 



CAM 

Cambeidge, p. v., Lancaster co., Peiin. : 46 m. E. S. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Cambeidge Poet, p. o., Middlesex co.. Mats. : 2 m. N.W. 
Boston. It is a place of considerable commerce, and sev- 
eral manulacturcs are established here. It has lately been 
incorporated with Cambridge City. 

Cambeidge Poet, p. v., Windham co., Venn. : 93 m. S. 
Montpelier. 

Camdex county, Ga. Situ.ate S. E. comer, facing the 
Atlantic, and having for its S. boundary St. Mary's r., and 
contains 765 sq. m. ^Drained by Buffalo cr., Sanlilla r., and 
several streams tributaries of the St. Mary's. Surface low 
and sandy, with swamps. Eice and cotton are the principal 
products.' Farms 235; mauuf. 5; dweU. 642, and pop.— 
wh. 2,069, fr. col. 4, si. 4,'246— total 6,319. Capital : JelTer- 
sont^n. 

Camdes county, Mo. Situate centrally, and contains 480 
sq. m. Drained by OBago r. and its tributaries. Surface 
level or undulating, with considerable woodland and a soU 
of great fertiUty. ^Farms 214; dwell. 360, and pop.-wh. 
2 208, fr. col. 0, 8l. 130— total 2,333. CapiUll : Erie. 

Camden county, Jf. Jer. Situate W. midiUe, on Dela- 
ware r., and contains 268 sq. m. Watered by creeks of the 
Delaware. Surface flat ; soils moderately fertile. Farms 
731 ; manut 143; dwell. 4,090, and pop.— wh. 23,325, fr. col. 
2,097, si. 0— total 25,422. Capital: Gii.m^<sa. PubliaWorks: 
Camden and Amboy E. E. 

Camden county, N. Car. Situate N. E. between Pas- 
quotank and North rivers, and contains 22=1 sq. m. Surface 
low and marshy, and soils indifferenU Farms 579 ; manuf. 
15 ; dwell. 770, and pop.-wh. 3,572, fr. coL 290, si. 2,18T— 
total 6,049. Capital : Camden C. H. 

Camden, p. v., and cap. WUeox co., Ala. : on a cr. of 
Alabama r., 63 m. W. S. W. Montgomery. 

Camdex, p. v., and cap. Benton co., Perm. : about 6 m. 
W. of Tennessee r., and 69 W. Nashville. The Nashville 
and Mississippi E. E. will pass through this place. 

Camden, p. v., and cap. Washita CO., Ark. : on the W. 
side of Washita r., 78 m. S. by E. Little Eock. 

Ca-mdex, p. v., Kent CO., Del. : on the S. branch of Jones' 
cr., 8 m. S. by E. Dover. 

Camden, p. v., Carroll co., Incl : on tho N. side of Pas- 
sianong cr., 63 m. N. N. W. Indianapolis. 

Camden, p. o., Schuyler co., /«. ; on a tributary of Crook- 
ed cr., 84 m. W. N. W. Springfleld. 

Camden, t and p. v., Waldo co.. Me. : on the W. side of 
Penobscot bay, 36 m. E. by 9. Augusta. It has a good har- 
bor and a number of vessels employed in the coasting trade 
•and the fisheries. Lime is the principal staple, and U export- 
ed in large quantities. Ship-building is also an extensive 
employment at this port. Pop. 4,005. 

Camden, p. v., Madison CO., MiM. : on a cr. of Big Black 
r., 30 m. N. by E. Jackson. 

Camden, U and p. o., HiUsdalo CO., Mich. : on LitUe SU 
Joseph's r., 60 m. S. by W. Lansing. Pop. r>94. 

Camden, p. v., Eay CO., Mo. : on the N. side of the Mis- 
souri r., 112 m. W. N. W. Jefl-erson City, and by course of 
the r., 342 m. above St. Louis. 

Camden, p. v.. and cap. Camden CO., If. Car. : on the E. 
side of Pasquotank r., 147 m. E. N. E. Ealeigh. The tm- 
nage of the district of which it is the port, amounted in 
1S60 to 11,948 tons. 

Camden, t. and p. v., Oneida CO., N: T.: oa Fish cr., 103 
m. W. N. W. Albany. The Watertown and Eonie E. E. 
passes through the village IS m. from Eome. Pop. 2,s20. 

Camden, t, p. city, port, and cap.. Camden co.. -V. Jer. : 
on the E. side of Delaware r., opposite Philadelphi.a, .'■>5 m. 
S. by W. Trenton. The city is united with Philadelphia by 
three ferries. The largest ships come up to the lower part 
of the city, and vessels of 150 tons to the central parts. The 
cily has considerable manufactures and trade, and contains 
numerous fine public buildings, churches, and school-houses. 
The Camden and Amboy E. E. has its ttrminus at this 



CAM 



CAM 



point, aud there is also a railroad to 'Wnodburj'. Three 
newspapers are publi.shiHl luTi? weekly, the " West Jersey- 
niau" (whig), the "C Phoenix," and tiie " C. Democrat'' 
(dem.) Pop. 9,C18. 

Camden, p. v., Preble co,, Ohio: on the "W. side Seven 
Mile or., 93 m. W. by S. Columbus. 

CiMDEN, p. v., and cap. Kershaw dist., S. Car.: on the 
E. side of Wateree r., 31 m. N. E. Columbia. The river is 
navigable to this point lor 70 tims fiat boats, but since the 
completion of the Camden Uranch of the South Carolina 
E. K. the bulk of its commercial material has Ijcen convey- 
ed by 4and, The villan;e has some manufactures, and its 
public buildings are commotUous and substantial. A news- 
paper, the " C. Journal," is issued semi-weekly. Camden 
is noted as the scene of two battles of the devolution — the 
one fought 16tb Aug., 17S0, and the other 23d April, ITSl. 
A monument, erected in honor of Baron De Kalb, and 
the foundation of which was laid by Lafayette in 1S25, 
stands at the end of De Kalb Street; it is of white marble, 
and the chief ornament of the village. 

Camden, p. v., Benton co., 'J'eim. : 69 m. "W. Nashville. 

Camden Mills, p. o., Rock Island co., ///. ; on Copper 
cr. of Kock r., 123 m. N. "W. by N. Springfield. 

Camdentille, p. v., Anderson co., A'^. ; 22 m. S. "W. 
Frankfort. 

Camel's Eump, Verm-.: one of the highest peaks of the 
Green Mountains, 17 m. W. Montpelier. Its elevation is 
4,1SS feet above the sea-level. 

Ca3ieron county, Teir. Situate S. ■^. on Gulf of Mexico, 
and contains about 5,000 sq. m. It incluiies the Isla del 
Padre, Its principal settlements are on the Eio Grande. 
Farms 11; dwell. 1,554, and pop.— wh. 8,469, fr. col. 19, si. 
53 — total S,541. In this enumeration Starr and Webb 
counties are also included. Capital : Santa Rita. 

Cameron, t and p. v., Steuben co., y. Y, : on the Canis- 
teo r., 21G m. W. by S. Albany. The New York and Erie 
K, R. passes through the village, 824 m. from New York 
City, and 145 m. from Dunkirk. Pop. 1,T01. 

Cameeon, p. v., Clinton co., Perm. : 75 m. N. "W. Uarris- 
burg. 

Cameeon, p. v., and cap. Milam co., Ti.<p. : on the N. side 
of Little r. of the Brazos r., C4 m. N. E. Austin City. 

C'AiiF.EON'a Mills, p. c, Steuben co., A'. K ; 222 m. TV. 
by S. Albany. 

Camillvs, t, and p. v., Onondago co., y. Y.: 12S m. W. 
Albany. The Erie Canal traverses the northern part of tlie 
town, and the Rochester and Syracuse E. R. intersects the 
village, 7 m. W. Syracuse. Pop. 3,10(5, 

Campbell county, 6a. Situate N. "W., and contains 3SS 
eq. m. Drained by Chattahoochee r. and its creeks. Sm-- 
face undulating, and soils of average fertility. Products 
wheat, Indian corn, and cotton. Farms 094 ; manuf. 18 ; 
dwell. 920, and pop.— wh. 5.71 8, fr.col. 7, si. 1,507— total 7,232. 
Capital: Campbellton. l*uhllc Works: La Grange R. E. 

Campbell county, Ky, Situate N. between the Ohio and 
Licking rivers, and contains 180 sq. m. Drained by creeks 
flowing into the border rivers. Surface uneven, and soils 
moderately productive. Wheat, c^irn. and tobacco are the 
staple produets. Fanr.s 730 ; manuf. 12; dwell. 2.319. and 
pop.— wh. 12.871, fr. col. 79, si. 177— total 13,127. Capital: 
Newport. Public Works : Lexington and Cincinnati E. E. 
(projected). 

C.4MPBELL county, Tenn. Situate N. E., and contains 
672 sq. m. Drained by Cumberland and New rivers, and 
Clinch r. washes ita S. E. border. Surface uneven and 
hilly — in the N. W. mountainous. Soils, with some excep- 
tions, fertile, and productive of tiie cereals and some col- 
ton. Farms 521; mamif. 14; dwell. 916, and pop. — wh. 
5,653, fr. col. 97, si. 818— total 6,ii6S. Capital: Jacksboro'. 
Ca-mpbell county, Virg. Situate S. between James and 
Staunton rivers, and contains 576 sq. m. Drained by Fall- 
ing r.. Otter cr. and other streams. Surface much broken, 
but soil productive. "Wheat, Indian corn, oals, and tobacco 



are the principal growths. Farms 758; manuf 119; dwell. 
2.203, and pop.— wh. 11,538, fr. col. 841, .si. l(l,aOG— total 
23,245. Capital: CamxihcWCS.. FuUic Works: Virgi- 
nia and East Tennessee R. E., etc. 

Cami'Kell, p. v., Coles co., BL: on the W. sirle of Em- 
barras r., 2 n\ from that stream, and 07 m. E. S. E. 
Springfield. 

Campiu'LL, p. v., Lawrence Co., Ohio: 90 m. S. by E. 
Columbus. 

Camphell C. II., p. v., and cap. Campbell co., Virg. : 92 
m. "W". S. W. Iliehnioud. 

Cami'bkll's Bp.idge, p. o., Marion dist., S. Car.: 89 m. 
E. by N. Columbia. 

CAMi'BELLSEUBGn. p. V., Hpury CO., Ky. : on the Louis- 
ville and Cincinnati K. R., 30 m. N. "W. Frankfort. 

Campbell's C<iunees, p. o., Oakland co., Mivh. 

Campbell's Mills, p. o., Windham co., Co^jm.: 83 m. 
E. N. E. Hartford. 

Campbell's Post, p. v., Portage co., Ohio: 122 m. N. E. 
Columbus. 

Campbell's Rest, p. o., Sullivan co., Temi. : 247 m. E. by 
N. Nash\ille. 

Campbell's Station, p. o., Knox co., Tenn. : on the N. 
side of Tennessee r., 129 ni. E. Nashville. 

Campbellsville, p. v., and cap. Taylor co., Ky. : 58 m. 
S. by W. Frankfort 

Campbellsville, p. v., Giles co., Tenn. : on a cr. of Ten- 
nessee r., 59 m. S. by W. Nashville. 

Campbellton, p. v., Jackson co., Flor.: on tlio W. side 
of Chipola r., 70 m. W. N. W. Tallahassee. 

Campbellton, p. v., and cap. Campljcll co., Ga. : on both 
sides of Clialtahoochee r., 93 m. W. N. W. Mille<igeville. 

Campbellton, p. v., Itawamba co.. Miss. : 173 m. N. E. 
Jackson. 

CAMpnr:LLT0WN, p. v., Steuben co., K. Y. : on E. side of 
Conhocton r., 174 ni. W. by S. Albany. The Bulfalo, Cor- 
ning, and New York R. R. passes through the village, 9 m. 
from Corning. 

Campbklltown, p. v., Lebanon co., Pemr.: 15 m. E. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Campiuxlville, p. v.. Duchess co., K. Y. : fr? m. S. by 
E. Alb.^Ily. 

Campbellville, p. T., Sullivan co., Pemi.: 87 m. N. 
Harrisburg. 

<;'.VMP Call, p. o., Cleveland co., K. Car.: 153 ra. S. W. 
Raleigh. 

Camp Creek, p. o., Kosciusko co., Jnd.: 78 m. N. by E. 
Indianapolis. 

Camp Creek, p. o., Jefferson co., Ar7c. : 52 m. S. by E. 
Little Rock. 

Camp Creek, p. o., Livingston co., Ky.: 19S ra. W. byS. 
Frankfort. 

Camp Creek, p. o., Greene co., Tenii. : on a cr. so called 
of Nolichucky r., 22S m. E. Nashville. 

Campello, p. 0., Plymouth co., Mass. 

Camp Ground, p. v., Appling co., Ga.: 117 m. S. S. E. 
Milled geville. 

Camp Hill, p. o., Tallapoosa co., Ala.: 4;3 ni. N. E 
Montgomery. 

Camp Izaud, p. o., Marion co., Flor. : 1G2 m. S. E. by E. 
Tallahassee, 

Camp Mills, p. o., Floyd co., Virg.: 103 m. W. S. W. 
Richmon<l. 

Campobello. p. v., Spartanburgh dist., S. Car. : 73 m. 
N. by W. Columliia. 

Camp Point, p. o., Adams co.. III. : 61 ni. W. by N. 
Springfield. 

Camp Ridge, p. o., Williamsburgh dist., X Car.: 77 m. 
E. by S. Columbia. 

Camp Spring, p. o., Lawrence co., Ala. : 160 in. N. N. "W. 
Moiitgomei*y. 

Campti, p. v.. Narhitoches par.. La. : on the N. E. Bide 
of Red r., 15S m. N. W. Baton Rouge. 

lOS 



CAM 



CAN 



Campton, t. and p. o., Gratton co., ^-. Ilamp. .-on Pcme- 
gemasset r., 44 m. N. by W. Concord. Pop. \.r-9. 
CA1.PTON V.L,.AOE, p. v., Grafton co, K. Uamp.: 4S m. 

^'llwrrv., Bradford co., P«,». : lU m. N. liar- 

^S^TOW., p. v., Essex CO., .V. Jcr. : on Elizabeth r 47 
m N N. W. Trenton. Considerable manufactures are car- 
rik ou in thi.. village. It derives its name from the f^^tc of 
the encampment of the American army at this pomt dur- 
ine the Kevolutionary war. ,, u i, „r 

Iabpvtllk, p. v., Tioga Co., N. Y.: on the N. bank of 
Susquehanna r., 12> m. W. S. W. Albany, and on the hnc 
of the New York and Erie E. E., 240 m. from New -iork 
and 229 m. from Dunkirk. 

Camptille, p. v., Lilchfleld co.. Conn. 

CAh-A, p. 0., Jennings CO., Ind,: 07 m. S. E. Ind.an- 

""ci^AAS, p. v., Marion co., AU.: 163 n^ N. W. Mont- 

^TIIaan, Land p. v., LitohBeld co., Conn.: on the E. 
side of llousatonic r., 42 m. N. W. Hartford. The r.ver 
between this and Salisbury has a fall of 60 feet, and atford 
extensive hydraulic power. Iron and lime are the ch.ef 
manufactures. The Housalonic E. E. passes through 
Canaan, 73 m.K. of Bridgeport. ToP. 2,727. 

Canaan, p. v., JefTcrson co., Jnd.: about 2 ra.^. of 
Indian Kentucky r., 76 m. 8. E. UdianapoliB. 

CANAAN, t. and p. v., Somerset co., Jft.; on the E. side 
of Kennebec r., 27 m. N. by E. Augusta. Pop. 1.6!)6. 

CANA^N, t. and p. o., Grafton CO., N. Bamp. : on Mas- 
comy r., 83 m. N. W. Concord. Pop. 1,6S6. 

Canaan, L and p. v., Columbia co., S. Y. .-22 m. 8. E. 
Albany The Hudson and lierkshu-e E. E., and the Albany 
and West Stockbridge (western) E. E. traverse ^e t~, and 
the latter touches the v., 83 m. from Albany. Pop. 1,941 

Cahaan, t. and p. o., Wayne co., Ohio: 84 m. K. E. 
Columbus. Pop. 1,923. 

Canaan, t and p. o., Wayne cc, Fenn.: on br..nehes 
of Lackawaxen cr., 1+3 m. N. E. Harrisburg. The E E. 
extending from Caibondalc to Honcsdale traverses the t. m 

its N. parL ■ ... -ki -p 

Canaan, t. and p. o., Essex CO., Term.: x^ the N. E. 

comer of the Suite, 67 m. N. E. Montpelier. JoP; -i'l- 
Canaam Centke, p. v., Columbia Co., N. Y. : lA m. S. E. 

Albany. , , . t^t -rr . ao 

Canaan Foira Coenebs, p. v., Columbia co., A^ Y. . 23 

m. S. E. Albany. 

Canaanvilw, p. v., Athens CO., Ohu, : iS m. S. E. 
Columbus. 

Casada creek. A". Y. : the W. and largest branch of the 
Mohawk r It is about 60 m. long, and in its course has 
several rapids and cascades, which afford views of much 
grandeur and iuterest. 

Canabian, p. v., Mississippi CO., Ar7c. : 142 m. N. E. 
Little Eock. „ _ , 

CANAnicK. t. .and p. v., Ontario CO., JV. Y. : on Honeyokc 
Lake 187 m. W. Albanv. Hemlock Lake bounds it on the 
W. Bide. The t. contains much fine agricultural land. 

Pop. 1,069. 

CANAJOHAP-re, t. and p. v., -Montg-fiery co., N. 1.: on 
the 8 side of Mohawk r., 42 m. W. Albany. The Erie 
Canal passes through tho village. The " Montgomery 
County Union" Cdcra.), is issued weekly. Pop. 4,097. 
c!nal, p. o., Onondaga CO., K Y : 122 m. W. Albany. 
Canal, t. and p. o., Venango CO., Penn. : 197 m.W. N.-ft . 
Harrisburg. . . 

Canal Dovp.e, p. o., Tuscarawas CO., Ohio: on the Ohio 
Canal, 80 m.E. by N. Columbus. 

Gasal Fulton, p. o.. Stark co., Ohw : on the E. side of 
Tuscarawas r., and on the Ohio Canal, 9b m. N. E. 
Columbus. 
Canal Ekwistillb, p. v., Coshocton co., Ohio: on the 

104 



N. side of Tuscarawas r., and on the Ohio Canal, 66 m. B. 
by N. Columbus. 

Canal Wincuestkk, p. v., Fairfield co., Oh.o: on a 
branch of Little Walnut cr., and on the Ohio Canal, 14 m. 
8. E. Columbus. Pop.^274. 

Canani.aig.ta lake, JV. Y: a beautiful sheet of water 
situate centrally in Ontario co. Its length, froin K to S., 
is 14 m., ami its medial breadth .abont 1 m. It dwcharges 
itself into the river of the same name at the v. of Canan- 

''"cI'nInpajgca river, K Y: is formed from tho waters 
discharged from the hike, and under various names-winds 
its course to the Seneca, the common recipient of a cluster 
of small lakes. , -.r tr . ™ 

Casandaioua, t., p. v., and cap. Ontnno co.. A. Y.on 
the W. side ol Caiiandaigua Lake, 177 m. W. Albany. The 
y is pleasantly situate at the outlet of the lake, and eonlains, 
besides the co. buildings, a number of subslanlial and 
elegant churches, stores, and dwellings. The "«"<--'"o 
Eepo,itory(whig), and the "Ontario Messenger" (.leuL), 
are published weekly. The Eochester and Syracuse E. E. 
passes through the v. 29 m. from Eochester, and ,t is he 
N terminus of the Canandaigna and Elmira P.. E., and the 
E. terminus of the Canandaigua and Niagara lallsR. K. 

^ "cJ A^DAiGtTA, p. o., Lenawee co., Midi. .• on the W. ^de 
of Bear cr. of Eaisin r., 64 m. S. by E. Lansing. The 
Southern Michig,inE.E. runs 4 m.N. of the village. 
Canasauga, p. o., Polk CO., Tenn.. : 142 m. E. 8. E. 

CANA8T0TA, p. v., Madison CO., y. Y : on the Erie Canal, 
and the Utica and Syracuse R. E., 201 m. f^om Albany. 

Canoia, L and p. o., Eockingham Co., N. Bump. : on the 
heicht of land between the Merrimac r. and the ocean, 17 
m S E Concord. The view from these heights is exlen- 
8ive,'reaching on one side to the White Mountains, and on 
the other to the distant Atlantic. Pop. I,4b2. 

Candoe, t. and p. v., Tioga Co., S. Y. : on Cottotong cr 
127 m. W. by S. Albany. Tho v. lies on the Cayuga and 
s'usquefianna E. K., 10 m. N. Owego. Pop..3,4M 

Candok, p. v., Washington co., Pmn. : 192 m. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Caneapea, t. and p. v., Alleghany co.. A". Y.: on the 

Genesee r., 227 m. W. by S. Albany. The v. is on tho W. 

side of the river. Pop. 1 477. .„„ w 

Cane Bottom, p. o., Lauderdale co., Tenn. : 1C2 m. W. 

by S. Nashville. 

Cane Cbeek, P- v., and cap. Butler co., Mo. : on the W. 
fork of the cr. so caUed, 154 m. 8. E. Jefferson City. Cane 
cr. is a tributary of Big Black Water r., which it joins a 
Utile below the Arkansas Suite line. 

Cake Cbeek, p. c, Chatham co., K. Car.: on a cr. of 
Capo Fear r. so called, 48 m. W. by N. Ealeigh. 

Cane Cbeek, p. o., Lincoln Co., Tenn. : on a cr. of Elk 
r. 60 called, 64 m. S. by E. Nashville. 
Cane Ceeee, p. o., Franklin co., AU.: 174 m. N. W. 

Montgomery. ^ . , - «..„ 

C ^NEMA^, v., Clackamas CO., Oreg. : on E. side of Willa- 
mette r., 2 m. above Oregon City, and 33 m. N. by E. 

't^E Po«T. p. 0., Troup CO., aa. ; 112 m. Milledg«-me^ 
Cane Spbing, p. o., Bullitt CO., Ky. : 61 m. W. .>^. W. 

^ CAxtrp v., Washita co.. Ark.: 80 m. S. Little Eock. 

Canev' p V Matagorda co., Te<e. : on a stream so culle.l, 
147 m's E. Austin City. The Caney empties into tho 
Gulf at tho N. E. end of Mat..igorda Bay. ,,. „ 

Canev Bbascii, p. o., Greene CO., Tenn. : 219 m. E. 

^Sne^Foek, P.O., Warren Co., Tenn.: on Caney fork 
Of Cumberiand r., 65 m. E. by S. Nashvilla 

Canev Spring, p. o., MarshaU oo., Tenn. : 82 ra. 9. 
Nashville. 



CAN 



CAP 



Casettille, p. v., GrajBou co., Ky.: OS m. \V. S. W. 
Frankfort, 

Canpield, p. v., nnd cap. Mahouing co., Ohio: 132 in. 
N. E. Culuinlnis. The "Muhouiug ludex," a dcm. paper, 
is issuod weekly. 

Canfikld's CoitNEE, p. 0., Tioga co., K. V. : 13-1 ni. 
"W. S. W. Albany, 

Oanicello, p. v., Rockbridge co., Virg. : 112 m. W. 
Eichmond. 

Canisteo, t, and p. r., Steuben co., iV'I }''..' on Canisteo 
r, ISS ra. W. by S. Albany. The v. on the N. suic of the 
r. is intersected by the New York and Erie E. K., 337 m. 
from New York, and 132 from Dunkirk. The "Canisteo 
Express" is issued weekly. Fop. 2,030. 

Canisteo river, _M Y. : rises in AUcglwny co., and after 
a general S. E. course of 60 m., falls into Tioga r., in the t. 
of Erwin, SI(;nbcn co. It is navigable for boats for about 
40 m., and is the recipient of iiunKTous fine mill streams. 

Canisteo river, X. T. : a tributary of Tioga r., which it 
enters near the v. of Painted Post. Its whole course is 
about 60 ra., and it is boatable for about 40 m. ; and thouijh 
in some parts no more tlian 4 rods wide, floats arks contaii>- 
ing 1,000 bushels of grain, and opens fine facilities of inter- 
course with the Tioga and Susquehanna rivers. 

Cannadav Gap, p. o., Floyd co., Virg. : at a pass of the 
mountains, 159 ra. W. S. W. Richmond. 

Canxeltojj, p. v., Perry co., Tut?.: on the Ohio r., 124 
m. S. by "W. Indianapolis. The neighluirhood abounds in 
coal, from a particular species of which (eannel) the v. takes 
its name. It possesses great manufacturing advantages, 
and considerable capital has been invested in cotton and 
earthenware factories. BuiUUng material, fire clay, etc., are 
abundant. The " Economist," a weekly paper, is published 
here. Pop. about 700. 

Cannon county, Te7jn. Situate centrally, and contains 
340 sq. m. Brained by tributaries of Cumberiand r. Sur- 
face, mountainous, and soils generally fertile. Farms S77 ; 
manuf. 7; dwell. 1,326, and pop.— wh. 8,115, fr. col. 24, si. 
84S— total 8.9S2. Cajntul : Woodbury. 

CANNONSBUEGn. p. V., Kcnt CO., Mich. : on a or. of Grand 
r., 51 m. "W. N. "W. Lansing. 

C-vNNONSBURGn, p. V., Greeuup co., ^y. ; 72 m. S. W. 
Frankfort. 

CAVNONsnuEGir, p. v., "Washington co., Penn. : on Char- 
tier's er.. IS m. S. W. Piltslmrg, and 1S2 ra. W. llarrisburg. 
Jefl"erson College, and a Theological Seminary are located 
here. 

Cannon's Ferry, p. c, Sussex co., Del. : 39 m. S. 
DoTcr. 

Can-non's Mill, p. c, Columbiana co., 07iio:12(i vo. 
E. N. E. Columbus. 

Cannon's Stoke, p. 0., Spartanburgh dist., S. Car.: 68 
N. by "W. Columbia, 

Cannonsvili-e. p. v., Delaware co., X. T. : on the N. side 
of Delaware r., 89 m. S. \V. Albany. 

Canoe Creek, p. o., Burke co., X. Car.: 1G3 m. 'W. 
Raleigh. 

Canoca, p. v., Seneca co., y. T. : about one m. W. of 
Cayuga Lake, 148 m. W. Albany. 

Canonigct island, in Narraganset Bay, R. L: S m. W. 
Rhode Island. It is 7 m. long and a mile broad. 

Canoociiee. p. o., Emanuel co., Ga. : on the r. so called, 
79 m. S. E. MillcdgeviUe. 

Canoociif. river, Ga. : the TV. and largest confluent of 
Ogeeehee r. Il is 100 m. long, and navigable fur 5l» m. to 
Cedar cr, 

Canterbury, t. and p. v., "Windham co.. Com}. : on the 
■W. side of QuinnebauET r.,41 m. E. Hartford. Pop. ],('>(;!). 

CANTERBirRT, p. o., Kent CO., Del. : at the head of Mother 
Kill cr., 7 m. S. by W. Dover. 

CANTERBrRV, t. and p. v., Mcrrimao eo., K. /lump. : on 
the E. side of the Merrimac r.. 6 m. N. Concord. In the 
B. E. part of the t, there is a Shaker's village. Pop. 1,G14. 

O 



Canton, p. v., Smith co., T«i:. : 2H m. N. E. Austin 
City. 

Canton, p. v., Wilcox co., Ala. : on the left bank of the 
Alabama r., 63 m. W. S. W. Montgomery. 

Canton, p. v.. Lawrence eo., Ar^: : on a cr. of Strawberry 
r., 109 ra. N. by E. Little Koek. 

Canton, t. and p. v., Hartford co., Cmnt.: on Farmingfon 
r.,ig m. N. "W.byW. Ilartfurd. It has some manufactures. 
Pop. 1,994. 

Canton, p. v., and cap. Cherokee co., Ga. : on the N. side 
of the Etowah r., 113 m. N. W. MillcdgeviUe. 

Canton, p. v., Washington co., I/kI. : 77 m. S. Indiana- 
polis. The New Albany an* Salem R. R. crosses Uic co. 
about a mile S. of the village. 

Canton, p. v., Fulton co., III. : on Big cr. of Spoon r., 4T 
m. N. N. W. Springfield. 

Canton, p. v., Jackson en., Ta. : on the N. side of Mako- 
queta r., 47 m. N. E. Iowa Cily. 

Canton, p.v.,Twigg eo.. A>. ; on fh.- E. si.le of rumber- 
land r., '10 m. from its mouth, and UM m. W. S. AV. Frank- 
fort. It is the place of shipment fi-r the prnduce of a rich 
and productive hack country. 

Canton, t. and p. o., Oxford co., ^r■'.: on Androsco^fln 
r., 26 m. W. by N. Augusta. Pop. 926. 

Canton, p. v., and cap. Madison co.. J/m. ; between the 
forks of a er. of Bijr niack r.. 23 m. N. N. E. Jacksnn. 

Canton, t. and p. v., Norfolk co., JAtas. ; on Neponsct 
r.. 14 m. S. W. Boston. The Boston and Provi-lenee R. R. 
passes througli the v., 14 m. from Boston, aiul 29 from 
Providence. It has several iron, cotton, and woolen facto- 
ries. Pop. 2,593. 

Canton, p. v., Salem en., X. Jer. : on the W. branch of 
Stow cr., 61 m. S. S. W. Trenton. 

Canton, t., p. v., and cap. St. Lawrence co., A' Y.: on 
Grasse r. of the St. Lawrence, 142 m. N, W. Albany. At 
the V. a fine bridge is thrown over the stream, and the 
Waterlown and Potsdam R. R. will cross the Grasse at Ibis 
point. Pop. 4,6S5. 

Canton, t., p. v.. .ind cap. Stark co.. Ofiio : about 12 m. 
above the bifurcation of Niniishillcn er.. In3 m. N. E. 
Columbus. Three newspapers, the " Ohio Repository"' 
(whig), the *• Stark County Demnerat. ' and the '' Ohio Staats 
Bote" (Germ, dem.), are published weekly. Il is a very 
thriving place, bein^' intersected by the Ohio and Pennsyl- 
vania R. R., Pop. of v. 2,604, and' of t. 4.326. 

Canton, t. and p. v.. Bradford co., Penn. : on Tonawanda 
r., 107 m. N. by W. Harrisburg. 

Canton, p. v., Lewis co., Mo. : lOS m. N. N. E. Jefl"erson 
City. ' 

Canton Centre, p. o., Hartford co., Conn. : 13 m, N. W. 
by W. Hartford. 

Canton Mills, p. o., Oxford co., J/f'. ; 27 m. W. by N. 
August a. 

Cantreli.'s Cross Roads, p. o., M-Minn co., ?;»;(.; 181 
m. E. S. E. Nashville. 

Cantwell's Brii>ge, p. o., Newcastle co.. Del. : on tho 
N. side of Appoquinimink cr., 17 m. N. by W. Dover. 

Cape Akaoo, (J^'ffj- ^«''- ' ^ prominent headland. Jutting 
into the Pacific Ocean, about 40 m. S. of the I'mpiiua r. 

Cape Ar Gray, p. o., Lincoln co.. Mo. ; on the W. side 
of the Mississippi r., 88 m. E. N. K. Jefl^^rson Cily. 

Cape Blanco, Greg. Ter.: a headland on the Pacific 
coast, about 25 m. N. of Cape Oxford. 

Cai'E Cod, Mann.: o, projection from Ihe mainland, in 
lat. 42^ 2' 2;V' N., and long. "QO 3' .5.V' W. It i« curved 
inward, something in the shape of a man's arm bent at the 
elbow and wrist, and is C5 ra. hmff. and from I to 20 ra, 
broad. It constitutes the co. of B.-irnsIable. 

Cape DiSAPPOiNTMr^NT, Greg. T'rr.: a headland at the 
entrance of the Columbia r. 

Cape FAnE, p. o.. Taney co., Mo. : on Whito r., 133 m. 
S. S. W. JefltTson City. 

Cape Fear, N. Car. : the S. pouit of Smith's island, near 

105 



CAP 



CAR 



the mouth of Cape Fear r., in lat. 330 45' N., and long. 78*^ 
09'W. 

Cape Fear river, N. Car. : tho best navigable river of 
the State. It has two brauchea: tlie N. W. branch, fonncd 
by the union of Deep and Haw rivers, from which, flowing 
about 100 in., it receives the N. E. branch, or Clarendon 
r., above Wilmington, and &4 m. below it enters the Atlantic 
Ocean by two channels, one on each side of Smith's Island. 
Its channels have been deepened by embankments, and 
steamboats now navigate its waters to Fayetteville, 90 m., 
at tho lowest stage of the waters. 

Cape Fol^lweathee, Oreg. Ter. : a headland on the 
Pacific coast, about 10 m. N. of the mouth of AJseya r. 

Cai'e Girardeau coxmty, Mo. Situate S. E. on Missis- 
eippi r., and contains 660 &q. m. Drained by White Water 
r. and other streams. Surface level, sometimes swampy, 
and studded with small lakes. Iron ore, useful clays, etc., 
are abundant Wheat,, Indian com, oats, and tobacco are 
the chief products. Farms 1,019 ; manui". 31 ; dwell. 2,108, 
and pop.— wh. 12,203, fr. co!. 85, si. l,G7rt-total 13,912. 
Capital: Jackson. 

Cape Gikardeait, t. and p. v., Cape Girardeau co., Mo. : 
on the W. side of Mississippi r., IGS m. S. E. Jefferson 
City. It is the dep6t of a great part of Southern Missouri. 
The " Western Eagle" (whig) is here published weekly. 

Cape Uoen, Clarke co., Oreg. : a noted headland on the 
N. bank of Columbia r., in lat 45° 83' 09" N., and long. 
1220 06' 15" W. 

Cape Islaxd, p. v., Cape May co., y. Jer. ; at the extreme 
point of the State, 91 m. S. Treuton. It is a place much 
resorted to by the fashionables in the summer season, for 
whom splendid boarding-houses and hotels are provided. 
The place affords great facilities for aea bathing and 
fishing. 

Cape Lookout, Ore{f. Ter. : a headland on the Pacific 
coast, in lat. 45° OS' N. 

Cape May county, 2^. Jer. Situate S. point of State, 
and contains 240 sq. m. Drained chiefly by creeks of Tuek- 
ahoe r., which demarks the N. border. Surface fiat — in 
some places swampy. The coast is lined with long sand 
islands inclosing lagoons. Farms 2S5; manuf. 4; dwell. 
1,218, and pop.— wh. 6.190, fl". col. 243, si. 0— total 6,483. 
Capital : Cape May 0. H. 

Cape May, p. v., and cap. Cape May co., ^ Jer. : 89 m. 
8. Trenton. 

Cape May: a promontory on the N. side of the entrance 
of Delaware Bay, IS m. N. of Cape Ilenlopcn, and in lat. 
8S° 57' N., and long. 74° 52' W. There is a light-house on 
this point. 

Cape MEimoorNO, CaH/. : a bold headland of tho Pacific 
coast, in lat. 40° 21' m. N., and long. 124° 85' W. Tbia is 
the most westerly point of the United States. 

Cape Neddick, p. o., York co.. Me. : on tho headland so 
called, on the Atlantic Ocean, about 4 m. above York 
Harbor, and S4 m. S. W. by S. Augusta. The cape is 
chiefly inhabited by fishermen. 

Cape Oxkord, Oreg. Ter. : a headland of considerable 
extent on the Paeiflo coast, and by bending south, incloses 
« bay cidled Ewing Harbor. A city, named Port Oxford, 
has been founded here. 

Cape's Creek, p. o., Newton co., Mo. : on a cr. so called, 
166 m. 8. W. Jefferson City. 

Cape Shoalwater, Oreg. Ter.: a headland on the N. 
side of the entrance of Shoalwater Bay. 

Capeville, p. v., Northampton co., Ttrg. : on Cope 
Charles, tho S. point of the Chesapeake peninsula, 83 m. 
E. by S. Kichmond. 

Cape Vincent, t., p. v., and port of entry, Jefferson co., 
JV! Y. : on the S.side of the St. Lawrence r., opposite Wolf 
Island, 158 ni. N. W. Albany. The v. is an important com- 
mercial entrepot ; the Waterlown and Homo R. It. termi- 
nates here, and steamboats ply regularly between this port 
and'thc principal lake perls of the Union and the Canadas. 
106 



The shipping owned in the district in 1850 amounted to 
2,497 tons. Pop.-8,044. 

Capon Bbidge, p. o., Hampshire co., Virg. : 147 m. N. by 
W. Eichmond, 

Capon Springs, p. v., Hampshire co., Virg. : 142 m. N. 
by W. liichmon.i. These springs are noted for their 
medicinal properties. 

Captlna, p. v., Belmont co., Ohio: 105 m.E. Columbus. 

CAR.i.WAY, p. 0., liaudoiph co., A^. Car. : 173 m. W. by S, 
Raleigh. 

CAEnoN county, Peniu Situate E. middle, and contains 480 
sq. m. Drained by tributaries of the Lehigh, which r. runs 
through it. Surface diversified, but in the N. W. and S. E. 
killy and broken. Soils of moderate fertility. This is one 
of the first coal mining counties of the State. Farms 246 ; 
manuf. 15S; dwcU. 2,544, and pop.— wh. 15,656, fr. col. 30 
— total 15,CS6. Capitijl: Mauch-Chunk. Puhlic Works: 
Lehigh Navigation, and a number of railroads trom Maucb- 
Chunk to the mines. 

Cakdondale, p. v., Luzerne co., Penn. : on Lackawanna 
cr., 117 m. N. E. Harrisburg. The celebrated Lackawanna 
coal is mined in this neighborhood, whence it is carried by 
R. E. to Honesdale, and thence by canal to Port Jervis, oa 
the Delaware r., and by the Delaware and Hudson Canal 
to the Hudson r. There are also iron works in the vicinity. 
A mile W. of the v., Fall Brook has a cascade of SO feet 
descent 

Cardiff, p. o., Onondaga co., 2^. Y. : 116 m. W. Al- 
bany. 

Cardiff, p. v., Warren co., J/Xss. : 31 ra. W. by 8. 
Jackson. 

Cardington, p. v., Morrow co., Ohio : on the Cleveland, 
CoVimbus, and Cincinnati K. E., 83 m. N. Columbus. 

Carey, p. v., Wyandott co., Ohio: on the Finlay branch 
of the Mad Kiver and Lake Erie E. E., 72 m. N. N. W. 
Columbus. 

Carlile's Mills, p. o., Perry co.. Mine. : on Tallahalla 
cr., 84 m. S. E. Jackson. 

Carlinville, p. v., and cap. Macoupin co., III. : about 2 
m. N. of Macoupin cr., and 41 ra. S. by W. Springfield. It 
is one of the most flourishing interior villages of the State, 
and an important station on tho Sangamon and Alton 
E.Pv. 

Carlisle, p. v., Sullivan co., Inrl. : about 1 m. E. of Busse- 
ron cr. of the Wabash, 86 ra. S. W. Indianapolis. It is the 
principal v. in the co., and has about 400 inhabitants. 

Carlisle, t. and p. v., Middlesex co., J/(Wj.«. ; on the 
N. W. side of Concord v., 19 ra. N. W. Boston. Pop. 719. 

Carlisle, p. v., and cap. Nicholas co., Ky. : on a small 
cr. of Licking r., 51 m. E. N. E. Frankfort 

Carlisle, p. v., Eaton co., Mich. : on a cr. of Big fork 
of Thornapple r., 26 m. W. 8. W. Lansing. 

Carlisle, t and p. v., Schoharie co., K. 71; 3T ra. "W. 
Albany. The vicinity atjounds with caverns. Pop. 1,S17 

Carlisle, p. city, and cap. Cumberland co., Penn.: on 
the Cumberland Valley R. E., 22 m. from Harrisburg. Lat 
40=^ 12' N., and long. 77^ 10' AY. Dickinson College is 
located here, and half a m. from the v. tho Unitrd St^itea' 
Barracks and Cavalry School. The v. has several manu- 
factures, and a considerable trade with tho neighboring 
di-slriots. The periodical press consists of the " American 
Volunteer'' (dcm.), the " American Democrat" (dem.), and 
the '• C. Herald" (whig), published weekly, and tho " Month- 
ly Friend." Pop. 4,579. 

Carlisle, t and p. v., Lorain co., Ohio: on W. branch 
of Black r., 104 m. N. N. E. Columbus. Pop. 1 ,''>12 

Carlisle Springs, p. o., Cumberland co., Penn. : 4 m. 
N. Carlisle, and 21 W. by S. Harrisburg. The waters are 
sulphurous. 

Carlookville, p. v., Euthcrford co., Tenn. : 31 m. S. E. 
Nashville. 

Carlow, p. v., Hopkins co., Ky, : on Deer cr. of Groen 
r., 163 ra. W. S. W. Frankfort. 



CAR 



CAR 



Caelowsville, p. v., Biill.is co., Ahi. : near Piue Barren 
cr. of the Alabama, 52 in. W. by S. Montgomery. 

Cirax'-'N, t. and p. t., Orleans co., -V. K ; on Lake Erie, 
221 ni. W. by N. Albany. The v. is located on the E. side 
of Oak Orchard c. about 2 m. from the lake. Pop. 2X)f). 

Cakltok, t, and p. o., Barry co., Mic/i. : on Little fork 
of Thornapple r., 35 m. "W. Lansing;. 

Carlton's Store, p. o., King and Queen co., Virg. : 46 
m. N. E. by E. Eichmond. 

Garltle, p. v., and cap. Clinton co., III. : on the W. side 
of Uie Kaskaskia r., 215 ra. from its mouth by its wimlings, 
and S7 m. S. by E. Springfield. The railroad from Vlncen- 
nes across the Slato to Illinoislown, will jirobably ink-Tsect 
this point. 

Carlyle, p. v., Tickens co., Ala. : 119 m. N. W. Mont- 
gomery. 

Carmel, p. v., Ilaniilton CO., fnd. : 22 m. N. by E. Indian- 
apolis. 

Carsiel, t. and p. c, Penobscot co.. Me, : on Sowadabs- 
cook r., 46 m. N. E. Augusta. The Kennebec and Penob- 
scot P. E. passes through the township. Pop. I,22S. 

Carmel, t., p. v., and cap. Putnam eo., JV". Y. : on the 
W. side of Croton r., "S m. S. by E. Albany. There are 
several small lakes in the t,, on one of which the v. is pleas- 
antly situate. Pop. 2,442. 

Carmel Hill, p. o., Chester dist., S. Car. : 71 m. N. 
Columbia. 

Cabmi, p. o., and cap. "White co., III. : on the "W. side 
of the Little Wabash r., 147 m. S. E. Springfield. 

Carmichael's, p. o., Greene Co., Fenn. : 1ST m. "W. by 
S. Harrisburg. 

Caesent PRAmiE, p. 0., Perry co., III. : US m. S. Spring- 
field. 

Caenesvtlle, p. v., and cap. Franklin co., Ga. : on 
Steplien's cr. of Broad r., 91 m. N. by E. Milledgeville. 

Caroline county, Md. Situate E. shore on State line, 
and contains 310 sq. m. Drained by creeks of Choptank 
r., Marshy Hope cr., and other streams. Surface flat. Soils 
Bandy, but improvable. Farms 730 ; dwell. 1.520, and pop. 
— wh. C,096, fr. col. 2,7SS, si. SOS— total 9,692. Capital: 
Denton. 

CAROLrNE county, Virg. Situate E. between Eappahan- 
nock and North Anna, a tributary of Pamunky r., and con- 
tains 5S0 sq. m. Drained by head waters of Mattapony r. 
Surface hilly and broken, and soils various. The principal 
products are wheat, Indian corn, oats, and tobacco. Farms 
715; manuf. 51; dwell. 903, and pop.— wh. G.S92, fr. col. 
903, si. 10,661— total 18,456. Cajntal: Bowling Green. 
Public Works: Frederick and Eichmond E. K. 

Carolina, p. v., Haywood co., Tenn. : 146 m. "W. by S. 
Nashville. 

CAEOLrxA Female College, p. o., Anson co., X. Car. : 89 
m. S. W". Raleigh. 

Caroline, t. and p. v., Tompkins co., X. T.: on the 
"W. side of West Owego cr., 123 m. W. Albany. The 
Cayuga and Susquehanna R. E. passes through the W. part 
of the t Pop. 2,537. 

Caroline Centre, p. o., Tompkins co., K T. : 131 m."U'. 
Albany. 

Caroline Mills, p. o., "Washington co., i?. I. 

Carondelet, p. o., St. Louis co., Mo.: on the "W, side 
of the Mississippi, and 5} m. below St. Louis, and 108 m. E. 
Jefferson City. It is an important v., and contains about 
800 inhabitants. 

Carpenter's Creek, p. o., Jasper co., Ind. : on the cr. so 
called. 93 m. N. W. Indianapolis. 

Carpenter's Landing, p. v., Gloucester co.. K. Jer. : at 
the head of sloop navigation on Mantua cr. of the Delaware, 
7 m. above its confluence, 44 m. 8. "W. Trenton. It has 
considerable trade in lumber and fire-wood. Pop. about 300. 

Carpentrrsville, p'. . ., Putnam co., Ind, : on a branch 
of Big Raccoon cr., 88 m. W. Indianapolis. 

Carp Eiveb, p. o., Marquette co., Mich.: on the r. of 



same name, 292 m. N. W. Lansing. Carp r. is a small 
stream emptying into Lake Superior, below Talcott Harbor. 

Caer, p. 0., Jasper co., la. : S3 m. W. Iowa City. 

Caeribop, p. 0., Aroostook co., Me. 

Carritunk, p. v., Somerset co.. Me.: on the E. side of 
Kennebec r., 63 m. N. by W. Augusta. 

Carroll county, ArA\ Situate N. "W. on State line, and 
contains 1,004 sq. m. Drained by Creeks of Wliito r. Sur- 
face level or undulating. Soils of average fertility. Farms 
541; manuf 1; dwell. 6S6, and pop.— wh. 4,390, fr. col. 11, 
si. 213— total 4,614. Capital: Carrollton. 

Carroll county, 6V. Situate N. W. on State line, and 
contains 7G0 sq. ra. Drained by Tallapoosa r. and the trib- 
^ ularics of Chattahoochee r., which bounds it S. E. Surface 
elevated and broken, and the soil indifferent. Wheat, In- 
dian corn, and cotton are the chief products. Farms 782 ; 
manuf. 16; dwell. 1,379, and pop.— wh. 8,252, fr. col. 4, si. 
1,101— total 9,357. Capital: Carrollton. 

Cakjioll county, M. Situate N. "W. on Mississip])! r., 
and contains 496 sq. m. Drained by Plum r. and several 
creeks. Surface undulating— prairie predominating. Near 
the Mississippi are several sloughs and lakes. Soil uni- 
formly rich. Farms 4S3; manuf. 17; dwell. 814, and pop. 
— wh. 4,5S3, fr. col. 3— total 4,5S6. Capital : Mount Carroll. 

Carroll county, Ind. Situate N. N. "W. middle, and 
contains 376 sq. m. Surface generally level, but undulates 
on the "Wabash, Tippecanoe, and "Wild Cat, which are the 
principal streams. Mostly covered with timber. The soil 
is a rich loam. Farms 1.129 ; manuf. 79 ; dwell. 19ii9, and 
pop.— wli. 10,9S2, fr. col. 33— total 11,015. Capital : Delphi. 
Public Works: Wabash and Erie Canal. 

Carroll county, la. Situate "W., and contains 576 sq m. 
Taken from Poltowaltomie in 1S51. 

Carroll county, Ky. Situate N., at the confluence of 
Kentucky r. with the Ohio, and contains 142 sq. m. Drained 
by Kentucky r. and its creeks. Surface generally level, and 
the soils of an average fertility. "Wheat, com, and tobacco 
are the staple products. Farms 376; manuf. 17; dwell. 766, 
and pop.— wh. 4,552, fi". col. 25, si. 949— total 6,526. Capi- 
tal: Carrollton. 

Carroll parish, la. Situate N. E. of "W. District, on 
Mississippi, and contains 720 sq. m. Drained by Bayoux 
du Bo'uf and Macon, and river Tensas — all tributaries of the 
Washita. Surface low and level ; soils of great fertility. 
Farms 233; manuf. 10; dweU. 5S2, and pop.— wh. 2,336, fr. 
col. 10, si. 6,443— total 8,789. Cajntal: Lake Providence. 

Carroll county, Md. Situate N. middle, and contains 
462 sq. m. Drained by streams flowing into Palapsco r., 
Chesapeake Bay, the Potomac, and Monocacy rivers. Parr's 
Ridge, a high watershed, divides the county, and diverts 
the course of the streams. Surface hilly and rocky; soils 
thin, but there is much good farm land. Grazing is much 
attended to; iron and copper abound, and there is flne tim- 
ber. Farms 1,3S7; manuf. 124; dwell. 8,476, and pop.— 
wh. 18,067, fr. col. 974, si. 975— total 20.616. Capital: 
Westminster. Public Works: Baltimore and Ohio R. R., 
and "Westminster Branch of Baltimore and Susquehanna 
R. E. 

Carroll county, Ml'is. Situate N. centrally, and con- 
tains 1,040 sq. m. Drained by the branches of Yazoo and 
Big Black rivers. Surface various, but soils rich and pro- 
ductive. The principal products are Indian corn and 
cattle. Farms 9SG ; manuf. 45; dwell. 1,441, and pop.— 
wh. 8,661, fr. col. IS, si. 8,812— total 13,491, CapHid: Car- 
rollton. 

Carroll county. Mo. Situate "W. on Missouri r.. having 
Grand r. on its E. border, and contains 670 sq. m. Draimd 
by Waconda and Big creeks. Surface un<lulating, chiefly 
pr.airle. Farms 383; manuf. 15; dwell. 770, and pop — 
wh. 4,812, fr. col. 8, si. 621— total 5,441. Capital : Carrollton. 

Carroll county, K. Hamp). Situate E. middle, and con- 
tains 512 sq. m. Drained N. by Saco r., and S. and E. by 
creeks emptving into Lake 'Winnipiseogce. Surface varied ; 

lOT 



CAR 



CAR 



soils moderately fcrtUo. Farms 2,805 ; manuf. 135; dwell. 
8,724, and pop.— wli. 20.154, fV. col. 2— total 20,156. Capital : 
Ossipec. Piihlfc IforA-*; Great Falls ami Conway li. R. 

Cari'.oll county, Ohio. Situate E., and contains 4-S2 sq. 
m. Drained by creeks tributary of Tuscarawas and Ohio 
rivers. Surface varied, and soils fertile, producing fine 
crops of wheal, oats, and Indian com. Farms 1,926; 
manuf. 41 ; dwell. 3,(«S, and pop.— wh. 1T,633, fr. col. 52— 
total 17,6^^5. Capital: Carrollton. PuUic Works: Sandy 
and Beaver Canal ; Carrollton Branch of Pittsburg and 
Cleveland E. E., etc. 

Cahroli, county, Tenn. Situate W., and contains 960 sq. 
m. Drained by Big Sandy, and other creeks of Tennessee 
r., and Kutherford and S. forks of Obion r. Surface high, • 
forming a watershed between the Tennessee and Missis- 
sippi rivers. Soils fertile. Farms 1,404; manuf. 24; dwell. 
2,105, and pop.— wh. 12,S14, fr. col. IS, si. 3,195— total 15,9G7. 
Capital : Huntingdon. Piitlio Works : Nashvillo and 
Mount Holly R. R. (projected). 

Carroll county, Virg, Situate 8. middle, at the "W. 
base of Blue Ridge, and contains SSO sq. m. Drained by 
creeks flowing into Great Kanawha r. Surface elevated 
and hilly, and soils of great fertility. Wheat is the staple 
growth. The county has iron and coal mines, and sulphur 
springs. Farms 615 ; manuf. 11 ; dwell. 996, and pop. — 
wh. 5,726, fr. col. 29, si. 154— total 5,909. Capital : UiUsville. 

Caukoll, p. v., Carroll co., Jnd.: on the W. side of the 
"Wabash r., 65 m. N. W. Indianapolis. 

Carroll, t, and p. v., Fairfield co., 0?do: at the junction 
of the Ohio and Hocking Canals, 19 m. S. E. Columbus. 

Carroll, t. and p. o., Penobscot co., Jfe. Pop. 401. 

CiRROLL, t. and p. o., Coos co., N. I/amp. : on the N. "W. 
base of the White Mountains, 73 m. N. Concord. P. 299. 

Carroll, t and p. o., Chantauque co., JV. Y. ; on Cono- 
wango and Stillwater cr.2Sl m. W. by S. Albany. P. 1,835. 

Carroll Hodse, p. o., Coos co., 2/, JIamp. : 73 m. N. 
Concord. 

Carrollsville, p. v., Tishomingo co., Miss. : 179 m. 
N. E. by N. Jackson. 

Carrollton, p. o., and cap. Pickens co., Ala. ; on the 
W. side of Lubbub cr. of LilUe Tombigbee r., 122 ra. N. W. 
Montgomery. Two newspapers, the " Pickens Republican" 
(whig), and the " West Alabamian" (dem.), are published 
weekly. 

Caeuollton, p. v., and cap. Carroll co., ArA:: on the 
W. side of Crooked cr. of White r., 123 m. N. N. W. Little 
Rock. 

Carrollton, p. t., and cap. Carroll co., Ga. : 113 m. 
W. N. W. Milledgcville. 

Carrollton, p. v., and cap. Greene co.. III. : on the 
borders of Spring Prairie, and about G m. N. of Macoupin 
cr., 56 m. S. W. Springfield. The v, is one of the most 
flourishing in the interior, and the country in the neighbor- 
hood rich and productive. 

Carrollton, p. v., and cap. Carroll co., Ky. : on the 
Ohio r., at the mouth of Kentucky r., 86 m. N. N. W. 
Frank for L 

Carrollton, p. v., Jefferson par.. La. : on the E. side 
of thi Mississippi r., 6 m. from New Orleans, 74 m. S. E. 
Baton I!ouge. 

Carrollton, p. v., and cap. Carrol] co., 3fis8.: on the 
8. side of Big Sand cr. of Tallabuaha r., 62 m. N. by E. 
Jackson, 

Carrollton. p. v., and cap. Carroll co., Mo. : on the 
N. side of Wyaconda cr. of the Missouri r., 92 m. W. N. W. 
Jefferson City. 

Carrollton, p. v., and cap. Carroll co., Ohio : a thriving 
T., 112 m. E. by N. Columbus. A branch of the Cleveland 
and Pittsburg R. R. comes to this point. Two newspapers, 
the " Carroll Free Press" (whig), and the " Ohio Picayune" 
(dem.), are issued weekly. 

Carrolltown, p. v., Cambria co., Pemi. : 105 ra. W. by 
8. Harrisburg. 
108 



Carrollville. p. o., Wayne co., Tenn. : on the E. banfc 
of Tennessee r., S6 m. S. W. Nashville. 

Carubville, p. v., Cooper co., Mo. : 42 m. W. N. W, 
Jefferson City. 

Carrsville, p. v., Isle of Wight co., Virg.: 59 m. S. E. 
Richmond. 

Carson lake, Vtak Ter. : on the E. side of the Sierra 
Nevada, from which it derives its waters by the Carson r. 
It has no outlet. 

Caeson river, Utah Ter. ; a considerable stream rising 
in the Sierra Nevada, and falling into Carson Lake. 

Carson's creek, Ctilif. : a tributary of Stanislaus r. * 

Carsonville, p. v., Talbot co., Ga. : 86 m. W. by S. 
Milledgeville. 

Carter county, £j/. Situate N. E., and contains 710 sq. 
m. Drained. by Big and Little Sandy rivers, and Tygat cr. 
Surface uneven, with extensive valleys and plains— in the 
W. hilly, and soils productive. Farms G54 ; manuf. 7; 
dwell. 944, and pop.— wh. 5,901, fr. col. 23, si. 267— total 
6,241. Capital: Grayson. 

Carter county, Tmn. Situate N. E., and contains 543 
sq. m. Drained by Waljiuga r. and its tributaries. Sarfact* 
an elevated table-land, rugged, and in the E. moimtainous. 
Soils, especially in the valley of the Watauga, fertile and 
productive. Iron abounds. Farms 565; manuf. 47 ; dwell. 
1,002, and pop.— wh. 5,911, fr. col. 32, si. 353— total 6,296. 
Capital: Elizabothtown. Public Workis: East Tennessee 
and Virginia R. R. 

Carteret county, K. Car. Situate S. E. on the Atlantic, 
and contains 4S0 sq. m. The shore is beset ly lagoons 
formed by sand-islands which line its whole front. Q-a\>o 
Lookout is its most prominent projection. Surface low and 
level; soils sandy, with extensive marshes. rro<luet.s, 
Indian corn and naval stores. Farms 20S ; manuf. 19; 
dwell. 9T2. and pop.— wh. 5,1G7, fr. col. 149, si. 1,4^7— total 
6,S03. Capital : Beaufort. 

Carter's, p. o., Jackson par., La. : 154 m. N. W. Baton 
Rouge. 

Carter's Bridge, p. o., Albemarle co., Virff. : 74 m. W. 
by N. Richmond. 

Cartersbukgh, v., Hendricks co., 77W?. ; on the hno of 
the Terre Haute and Richmond R. R., 17 m. W. Indiana- 
polis. 

Carter's Station, p. o., Greene co., Tenn.: 223 m. E. 
Nashville. 

Carter's Store, p. o., Nicholas co., Ky. : 51 m. E. 
Frankfort. 

Carteksville (/onti^rly Ambot), p. v., Oswego co., 
N. Y. : 116 ra. W. by N. Albany. 

Cartersville, p. v., Cass co., Go-.: 122 ro. N. W. Mil- 
ledgeville. The Western and Atlantic E. R. passes the v., 
55 m. from Atlanta. 

Cartersvllle, p. v., Tishemingo co., Mi^s. : 1S2 m. N. E. 
by N. Jackson. 

Cartersville. p. v., Darlington dist., S. Car. : 62 m. 
E. N. E. Columbia. 

CARTERsvn.LK, p. V., Cumberland co., Virg. : on S. side 
of James' r., near the mouth of Willis cr., 37 m. W. by N. 
Richmond. 

Cartuage, p. v., Tuscaloosa co., Al-a, : on a cr. of Black 
Warrior r., 16 m. S. Tuscaloosa, and 86 m. N. W. Mont- 
gomery. 

Carthage, p. v., Rush CO., Tnd. : on Blue r, SI m. E. 
Indianapolis. The Shelbyville and Knightslown R. R, 
passes through the village. 

Cartuagk, p. v., and cap. Panola co., Tex.: on a cr. of 
Sabine r., 256 m. N. E. Austin City. 

Carthage, p. v., and cap. Hancock co., lit. : between 
Bear and Long creeks, 11 m. E. of the Mississippi r. It is 
a prosperous v., with a fine neighborhood. It is notorious 
ns the scene of the murder of Joe Smith and his compim- 
ions during the late Mormon troubles. Coal is abundant 
for miles around. 



CAR 



CAS 



CARxnAnK. p. v., Campbell co., Ky, : near the Ohio r., 62 
m. N. N. K. Frankfort, 

Caethage, t. and p. v., Franklin co., Me.: on TVtbb's r. 
of tho Androscroggin, 83 m, "VV. N. W. Auguola. I*op. 
472. 

Cakthage, p. v., and cap. Leake co., Miss, : on the N. 
side nf Pearl r., 47 m. N. E. Jackson. 

Caf.tiiacse, p. v., and cap. Jasper co., Mo. : on the S. side 
of Neosho r.. 153 m. S. W. Jefferson City. 

Cartuage, p. v., and cap. Moore co., Jf. Car.: on the 
E. side of M'Lennon's or. of Deep r., from which it is dis- 
tant 3 m., and 51 m. S. W. Kaleigh. 

Carthage, p. t., Jefft-rsou co., j\1 Y. : on the N. E. side 
of Black r, 124 m. N. W. Albany. It has considerable 
iron works and several mills. The Long Falls furnish ex- 
tensive water-power ; above these the river is navigable 40 
m, to the High Falls, where the Black Kiver Canal com- 
mences, but below navigation is interrupted. 

Carthage, p. v., Hamilton co., Ohio: on Mill cr.. S m. 
N. Cincinnati, and 94 m. S. W. Columbus. The Miami 
Canal and the Cincinnati, Hamilton, and Dayton R. R. in- 
tersects it at this point. Its central position in the county 
causes it to be a place of public meetings, and here the 
Hamilton County Agricultural Fairs are held. 

Carthage, p. v., and cap. Smith co., Tenn.: on the N. 
bank of Cumberland r., opposite the confluence of the 
Caney Fork, 46 m. E. Nashville. 

Carthage (or Low Point) Landing, p. o., Duchess co., 
K Y. : 76 m. S. Albany. 

Cajiticat, p. v., Gilmer co., Gtt. : on th^ river so called, 
132 m. N. "VV. Milledgeville. 

Caevt:r, t. and p. o., Plymouth co., Mass.: 41 m. S. E. 
Boston. Pop. 1,1S6. 

C\eter's Harbor, p. o., "Waldo co., M^. 

Carterstille, p. v., Bucks co., I'enn. : 103 m. E. Har- 
risburg. 

Carvektos, p. v., Luzerne co., FeJi7i. : 7S m. N. E. Har- 
risburg. 

CARYsvaLE, p. v., Champaign CO., Ohio: 53 m. "W. by 
N. Columbus. 

Cabcahe, p. o., Dubuque co., la. : on Fall r., a branch of 
Makoqucta r., 49 m., N. E. Iowa City. 

Cascade, p. o., Sheboygan co., Wise, : 82 m. N. E. by E. 
Madison. 

Cascade, p. o.. Pittsylvania co., Virg. : on a cr. of Roan- 
oke r., 189 m. S. W. Richmond. 

Cascade La Portaille, 3fich. : on the S. shore of Lake 
Superior. It consists of a stream emerging from a cliff of 
the Pictured Rocks, 70 feet above the lake, in its escape into 
which it leaps to such a distance that boats pass dry and 
safe between it and the rocks. The cascade contributes a 
beauty to the sublimity with which the scene is invested. 

Casco, p. v., Cumberland co.. Me.: onCrooK'd cr.,42 m. 
W- S.W.Augusta. Pop. of t. 1,045. 

Casco Bat, Cumberland co., Me. : an arm of the At- 
lantic, which sets up between Cape Elizabeth and Cape 
Small Point, 20 m. apart, and affords a good anchorage. 
About 300 small islands are scattered within iis superfices, 
most of them habitable and productive. 

Caset county, K>j. Situate centrally, and contains 44S 
gq. m. Drained by head wafers of Green and Salt rivers, 
and somo creeks of Cumberland r. Surface uneven, and 
soils fertile. Salt springs abound. "Wheat, com, and tobacco, 
are staple products. Farms 758; nianuf. 11 ; dwell. LOOS 
and pop.— wh. 5,S63, fr. coL 59, sL 634— total 6,556. Cajti- 
tal : Liberty. 

Casey, p. v., aarke co.. TU. : 9T m. E. Springfield. 

Casetvtlle, p. v., Union co., Ky.: 17S m. W. by S. 
Frankfort. 

Casher's Valt.ey, p. 0., Macon co., J^. Car.: 2G3 m. 
"W. S. W. Raleigh. 

Cash's Nob, p. o., Montgomery co., Xy. ; 61 m. E. by S. 
Frankfort, 



Cashtowk, p. v., Adams co., Pcun. : in Ihc Getlysbnrg 
and Chambersburg turnpike, 43 ni. S. "W. llarrisburg. 

Cashtille, p. 0., Spartaliburgh dist., *S'. Car,: 91 ni. 
N. "W. Columbia. 

Cass county, Ga. Situate N. "W., and contains 432 sq. 
m. Drained by Etowah r. and iLs trilmtaries. Surface 
elevated and hilly ; soils generally fertile ; on the streams, 
a fine alluvion; wheat, Indian corn, and cotton, are the 
chief products. Farms GUI; manuf. S; dwell. 1,702, and 
pop.— wh. 10,271, fr. col. 21, si. 3,00S— total 13.300. Capi- 
tal : Cassville. Puhltc ^Vork& : Macon and Western R. R., 
with Branch R. R. to Rome. 

Cas6 county, ///. Situate W. centrally, on the left bank 
of Illinois r., aud contains .360 sq. ni. Drained liy tributa- 
ries of Sangamon r., which border.s the county on the N., 
and by Indian cr. Surface undulating; prairie and timber 
being equally distributed. Soils very fertile. Farms 606; 
manuf. 26; dwell. 1,169, and pop.— wh. 7,24S, fr. col. 5— 
total 7,253. Capital: Beardstown. 

Cas3 county, Ind. Situate N. middle, and contains 876 
sq. m. Surface generally level, but hilly or undulating near 
the Wabash and Eel rivers. All the S. part is heavily tim- 
bered bottom-land, while in the N. prairie prevails. Con- 
siderable manufactures are carried on along the Waba.sh 
and other streams, which afford nnmense driving power- 
Iron ore, building stone, etc., are abundant. Farms 1.134; 
manuf. 108 ; dwell. 1,S63, and pop.— wh. 10,959, fr. col. 62— 
total 11,021. O'/);^^^ .■ Logansport. I'zihlic ]yor/cs : ^Va- 
bash and Erie Canal. 

Cabs county, /*/. Situate S. W., and contains 576 sq. m. 
Taken from I'ottowattoniie in 1S37. 

Cass county, Mich. Situate S. W. on State line, and con- 
tains. 504 sq. ra. Drained by tributaries of St. Joseph r. 
Surface gently undulating and diversified by prairie and 
timber groves. Soils exceedingly fertile. Farms 950; 
manuf. 21 ; dwell. 1,914, and pop.— wh. 10,515, fr. col. 399— 
total 10,907. Capital : Cassopolis. 

Cass county, Mo. Situate W. on the State line, and con- 
tains G70 sq. m. Drained by the head waters of South 
Grand r. Siirface level prairie, and soil excellent. Farms 
729; manuf. lU; dwell. 933, and pop.— wh. 5,610, fr. col. 3, 
si. 47S— total 6,090. Caj/ital: Harrisonville. 

Cass county, Tt\p. Situate N. E. between Sulphur Fork 
of Red r., and Big Cypress r. and Caddo lake. The water- 
shed being near the N. border, the greater number and 
largest streams fall into the waters bounding it S. Surface 
elevated, undulatinir, and well watered — timber. abundant 
on the streams. Soils dark black mold mixed with clay. 
Farms 365; nianuf 10; dwell. o.')H, and pop.— wh. 3.0-^9, fr. 
col. 0, si. 1,902— total 4,991. Capital: Jefferson. 

Cass, p. v., Tippecanoe co., Ind. : 63 m. N. W. Imlian- 
apolis. 

Cass, p. v., Venango co., fenn. : 1G9 m. W. N. W. 
llarrisburg. 

Cass, p. v.. Du Page co., ///. ; about 3 m. N. of the Illi- 
nois r., and 158 m. N. E. Springfield. 

Cass, p. v.. Hillsdale co., jUich. : 59 m. 8. Lansing. 

Cass, t. and p. v., Hancock co., Ohio: 84 m. N. by W. 
Columbus. Pop. njl. 

Cass, p. v., Franklin co., Arl:: 112 m. N. W. Little 
Rock. 

Cass, p. v., Lawrence co., Tetm. : 73 m. S. by W. Nash- 
ville. 

Cass river, Mich. : a large branch of Saginaw r., into 
which it discharges, about 20 m. above its confluence. It 
passes through a rich interval, covered with a heavy growth 
of beech ami sugar tree. In high water it is boatable for 
15 or 20 m., aud in its whole course affords excellent mill 
sites. 

Cassadaoa, p. T., Chautauque co., y. Y. : on the W. side 
of the lake so called, *27G in. W. by S. Albany. Caj^adaga 
lake and creek empty into the Conewango cr., a tributary 
of Alleghany r. 



CAS 



GAT 



Cassity's Mills, p. o., Morgan co., Ey. : 89 m. E. Frank- 
fort. 

Cassopolis, p. v., and cap. Cass co., Mich, : on the N.W. 
border of Sloue Lake, 89 m. S. W. Lansing. 

Casstown, p. v., Miami co., Ohio: (iS m- W. Colum- 
bus. 

Casstown, p. v., "White co., Teim. : 76 m. E. Nash- 
ville. 

Cassyille, p. v., and cap. Cass co., Ga. : 123 m. N. W. 
Milledgeville. It is a thriving village, and has a weekly 
newspaper, the " C. Standard." The Western and Atlantic 
E. E. passes it on the 8. W. 

Cassvillb, p. v., Harrison co., O?cio : 9S m. E. by N. 
Columbus. 

Cassvllle, p. v., and cap. Barry co., Mo. : on Flat cr. of 
James r., a fork of the White r., 162 m. S. W. Jefferson 
City. 

Cassvtlle, p. v., Oneida co., 2^. Y.: on Sauquoit or., 7G 
m. W. by N. Albany. 

Cassville, p. v., Huntingdon co., Penn.: 6S m. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Cassville, L and p. v.. Grant co., Wise, : on the E. side 
of Mississippi r., 84 m. W. by S. Madison. 

Cassville, p. v., Monongalia Co., Virg. : 193 m. N. W. 
Eicbmond. 

Oasswell county, K Car. Situate N. middle on the 
State line, and contains 432 sq. m. Drained by tributaries 
of Dan r. Surface elevated and varied. Soils fertile. 
Wheat, corn, oats, and tobacco are largely produced, and 
the stock of cattle, etc., is ample. Farms 707 ; manuf. 50 ; 
dwell. 815, and pop— wh. 7,081, b. col. 413, sL 7,770— total 
15,269. Capital: Yancey vUle. 
Castalia, p. v., Eric co., Ohio: 98 m. N. Columbus. 
Cabtallan Springs, p. o., Sumner co., Tenn.: 33 m. 
N. E. NashviUe. 

Casitle, t. and p. v., Wyoming co., K T. : 222 m. W. 
Albany. The Geuessee r. flows through the E. part of the 
town, and in the N. part is Silver Lake. The village is lo- 
cated on the Buffalo and New York City R. R. Pop. 2,446. 
Castile, p. v., Greene co., Fenn.: 1S9 m. W. by 8. 
Harrisburg. 

Castile, p. v., Clinton co., Mo. : on a cr. of Flatte r. so 
called, 146 m. W. N. W. Jefferson City. 
Castine, p. v., Darke co., Ohio: SI m. W. Columbus. 
Castine, t., p. v., sea-port, and cap. Hancock co.. Me. ; 
on a peninsula on the E. side of Penobscot Bay, opposite 
Belfast, 48 m. E. Augusta. The town is almost surrounded 
by navigable waters. The \-ilIage at the S. end of the pen- 
insula has a good harbor, capable of receiving the largest 
ships. The site was occupied by the French as early as 
1607, and it was held by the British in the last war. ft is 
the key to the Penobscot r., and might easily be fortified. 
The lumber and coasting trade employ its shipping, and 
much attention is paid to the fisheries. Pop. 1.261. 

Castle Craig, p. o., Campbell co., Virg. : 109 m. W. by 
8. Richmond. 

Castle Cueek, p. o., Broome co., M T.: 112 ra. S. W. 
Albany. 

Castle Fix, p. v., York co., Fenn. : 41 m. S. by E. 
Harrisburg. 

Castle Gkove, p. o., Jones co., la. : 42 m. N. E. by E. 
Iowa City. 

Casti-esjan's Frnr.Y. p. o., Clarke co., Virg. : on Shenan- 
doah r., 105 m. N. by W. Richmond. 

Castleman's river, Fenn. : the E. branch of the You- 
ghiogeny r. It is a rapid stream and has many falls and 
cascades. 

Castleton, t, Richmond co., J^. Y. : on the N. end of 
Staten Island. Pop. 5,3S9. 

Castleion, t and p. o., Bacry co., MIcJi. : on the Big 
Fork of Thornapple cr. 42 m. W. by S. Lansing. In thi.s 
town the river expands into large lakes, which cover a 
tenth of the town lands, Pop. 324 
110 



Castleton, p. v., Eenssellaer co., y. Y.: on the E. sido 
of Hudson r., and on the line of the Hudson River E. E., 
10 m. S. Albany. 

Castleton, t. and p. v., Rutland co., Verm. : on Casllo- 
ton r., 54 ra. S. W. Montpelier. Lake Bombazine, 8 m. 
long and less than 8 m. broad, lies mostly in the town, and 
contains a beautiful island of 10 acres. The village is tho 
seat of CasUeton Medical College, a department of Mid- 
diebury College. The Saratoga and Castleton 11. R. and 
the Rutland and Washington R. R. intersect at this point, 
and unite with the Vermont and Canada lines. P. 3 DIG. 

Castoe, p. o., Caldwell par., La, : 134 m. N. W. Baton 
Rouge. 

Castorville, p. v., and cap. Medina co,, Tex.: on the 
W. side of the Rio San Anlunio, 9^ m. S. W. Austin City. 
The old Sp.'inish militan- road crosses the r. at this poinL 
The inhabitants are chiefly Germans. 

Caswell, p. v., Lafayette co.. Miss. : 158 m. N. by E. 
Jackson. 

Catahoula parish, La. Situate E. centrally of W. DisU, 
and contains about 800 sq. m. Drained by tributaries of 
Red and Washita rivers. Surface E. flat, and subject 
to inundation — W. moderately hilly, and corered with 
pine timber. Soils fertile, producing Indian com, potatoes, 
and cotton. Farms 85S; manuf. 3; dwell. 655, and pop. — 
wh. 3,535, fir. col. 19, al. 3,378— total 6,982. Capital: Har- 
risonburg. 
Catauoula river, Za. : a tributary of the Washita r. 
Catalpa Gbove, p. o., Greene co., iTy. ; 76 m. S. S. W. 
Frankfort. 

Catalpa Geove, p. o., Marshall co.. Term. ; 46 m. S. 
NashviUe. 

Catalpa Geovie, p. v., Benton CO., Ind. : 86 m. N. W, 
Indianapolis. 

Cat-a-Poodle river, Oreg. : a tributary of Columbia r. 
from the N. E., emptying opposite the village of St Helens. 
Cataract, p. o., Owen co., Ind. : 52 m. S. W. Indian- 
apolis. 

CATASArquA, p. v., Lehigh co., Fenn. : 73 m. E. by N. 
Harrisburg. Pop. SS5. 

Cataula, p. v., Harris co., Ga.: 114 m. W. by 3. 
Milledgevill)?. 

Catawba county, y. Car. Situate centrally, and contains 
430 sq. m. Drained by tributaries of Catawba r., which is 
its S. border. Farms 957; manuf. 3; dwell. 1.237, and pop. 
— wh. 7,272, fr. col. 21, si. 1,569— total 8,862. Capital: 
Newton. 
Catawba, p. v., Clarke co., Ohio: 48 m. W, Columbus. 
Catawba, p. v., Botetourt co. Virg. : on a cr. so called, 
133 m W. Richmond. 

Catawba Cbeek, p. c, Gaston co.,^ Car. ; 139 m. S. W. 
Raleigh. 

Catawba Sphings, p. v., Lincoln co., K. Car. : on the 
W. side Catawba r., 3 m. distant, and 123 m. W. by S. 
Raleigh. 

Catawba View, p. o., Caldwell co., 2T. Car. : 153 m. W, 
Raleigh. 

CATAw^ssA, t. and p. v., Columbia co., Femi.: on the 
Susquehanna, at the mouth of Catawissa cr., 53 m. N. N. E. 
Harrisburg. The Catawissa and Little Schuylkill R. R. 
passes through the village. Pop. of v. 565. 

Catawissa Vallev, p. o., SchuylkUl co., Fentu : 53 m. 
N. E. Harrisburg. 

Catfisu FrRN'ACE, p. 0., Clarion co., Fenn. : 156 m. 
W. N. W. Harrisburg. 

Cathariniw, t. aud p. v., Chemung co., N". Y. : 15-1 m. 
W. by S. Albany. The t is drained by Catharines and 
Cayula creeks. Pop. 3,070. 

Catharute Lake, p. o., OubIow co., AT. Car. : 98 m. S. E. 
Raleigh. 

Cathcaet, p. v., White co., Ind. : 82 m. N. N. W. Indian- 
apolis. 
Catukt's Creek, p. o.. Henderson oo., N. Car. 



CAT 



CED 



Catiilamet, v., Pacific co., Oreg.: on the N. bank of 
Columbia r., about 30 m. from its mouth, and SG m. N. 
Salem. 

CATi.KTTSBURcn. p. 0., Grcenup co., Ky, : on the Ohio r., 
below the muulh of Big Sandy r., 133 m. E. Frankfort, 

Catu, t. and p. v., CajTiga co., iV. Y. : on Seneca r., 142 
m. \V. Albany. Pop. 2,-'47. 

Cato.v, t- and p. c, Steuben co., J^. Y, : 166 m. W. S. W, 
Albany. Pop. I 214. 

Catonstili^, p. v., Baltimore co., ^fd. : on the N. side 
of Patapsco r., 2 m. distant, and 36 m. N. N. W. Annapolis. 
Cato SpRI^•G8, p. o., Kaukin co., Mi.vs. 
Catskill, t., p. v., and cap. Greene co., jV^ Y.: on the 
W. side of Hudson r., 31 m. S. Albany. The v. lies on 
both sides of Gatakill cr.,near itrfjunclion with the Hudson, 
and contains, besides the county buil'Iin;;rs, aeveral hand- 
6ome churches, hotels, and stores. It has numerous manu- 
factures, and is much engagt-d in the river trade. Two 
newspapers, the '• 0. Democrat," aad the " Greene County 
"tt'hig," are issued weekly. Pop. 5,454. 

Catskill Mountains (Kaatsberg), J\1 Y.: rise in Flster 
CO., and, extending through Greene and Schoharie counties, 
bend in a crescent form toward the Mohawk r. Piound 
Top, the highest peak, measured by the barometer, is 8,su4 
feet above tide water ; and a second peak is 3,71S feet. On 
the E. the mountains are precipitous, but on the W. side 
the descent is comparatively gentle. In these mountains, 
many of the wild animals indigenous to the State arc still to 
be found. These mountains are frequently resorted to by 
summer tourists. 

Cattaraugus county, N". Y. Situate S. "W., and contains 
1,234 sq. m. Drained by tributaries of Alleghany r. and Cat- 
lajaugus cr.— the waters of the former being conveyed to 
the Gulf of Mexico, and of the latter to the Atlantic through 
St. Lawrence r. Surface elevated, well timbered, and the 
soils excellent, producing wheat, com, etc., of the finest 
quality. Bog-iron ore, manganese, peat, marl, etc., are 
found in abundance; and near Freedom is an oil spring— 
there are also saline and sulphur springs. Farms 3.(;55 ; 
manaf. 299; dweU. 6,750, an<i pop.— wh. 3S.S51, fr. col. 99— 
total 3S,950. a/:pi(tt; ; EUicoItsvUle. Fuh/ic Works :Gen- 
essee Valley Canal ; New York and Erie R. R., etc. 

Caugodenot, p. v., Oswego co,, A\ Y. : 123 m. "W. N,"W. 
Albany. 

Cate, p. 0., Franklin co., III. : in the S. E. part of t^ie 
CO., 138 m. S. E. Springfield. 

Ca^-e, p. 0., White co., Tt:-nn.: 73 m. E. Nashville. 

Cave in Koce, p. o., Hardin co., ///. : on the Ohio r., 1^2 
m. S. S. E. Springfield. The remarkable cave which gives 
name to this p. o., is near the water's edge, and is partially 
filled at a high stage of the r. Its entrance is visible in 
passing up and down tho stream. A perpendicular shaft 
opens at some distance from its montli, on ascending which 
the visitor finds a large number of chambers of various 
sizes, hung with stalactites. This is one of the greatest 
curiosities of the West. 

Cavender's Ceeek, p. 0., Lumpkin co., Ga. : 120 m. 
N. N. W. Milledgeville. 

CATENnisQ, t. and p. o., Windsor co.. Verm. : on Black 
r., 56 m. S. by E. Montpelier. The surface of tho t. is 
exceedingly hilly, and the channel of the r. at the falls has 
been worn down some 100 feet. Considerable mannfac- 
lureshave been established on the streams. Pop. 1,576, 

Cave Spring, p. o., Floyd co., Ga. : a little to the W. of 
Cedar cr. of Coosa r., 145 m. N. W. Milledgeville. 

Cave Spkinq, p. o., Scott co., A'y. : 18 m. N. E. Frankfort, 

Cave Spring, p. o., Wright co., Mo. : 86 m. S. by W. 
Jefferson City. 

Cave Sprhs-o, p. o., Roanoke co., Virff. : on W. side of 
ttie Blue Ridge, 129 m. W. Richmond. 

Cavetowx, p. v., Washington co., Md. : on Cave Branch 
of Beaver cr., 8 m. from Hagerstown, and 66 m. N. W. 
Annapolis. 



Catuqa county. A'. 5'. Situate W. centrally, and con- 
tains 64S sq. m. Drained by Skaneateles, Owasco, and 
Cayuga lakes, theu* connections and creeks ; also by several 
streams emptying into Lake Ontario. Surface generally 
level, but much varied, and the soils productive. Gypsum 
abounds, and there are several sulphur, chalybeate, and 
saline springs in the county. Farms 4.22S; manuf. 50S ; 
dwell. 9,2o9, :ind pop.— wh. 54.924, fr. col. 534— toUil 55,458. 
Cajntal: Auburn. Puhlic Work^: Erie Canal; Syracuse 
and Rochester R. E., etc, 

Cayuga, p. v., Hinds co., Miss,: on a small cr. of Big 
Black r., 33 m. 8. W. Jackson. 

Cayuga, p. v., Jackson co., Mich. : 3T m. S. by E. 
Lansing. 

Cayuga, p. v., Caj-uga co., JV". Y. : on the N. E. side of 
Cayuga Lake. 144 m. W. Albany. The lake is here crossed 
by a bridge more than a mile long, over which the Roches- 
ter and Syracuse R. R. passes, and a regular steamboat line 
runs from this v. to Ithaca, in connection with the Cayuga 
and Susquehanna R. R. 

CAvrGA lake, X. Y.: lies between Seneca and Tomp- 
kins counties. It is about 40 m. long, and from 1 to S\ m. 
wide, and empties into Seneca r. II is very deep, and con- 
tiiins abundance of fine fish. A steamboat i)lie3 regularly 
from Cayuga Bridge to Ithaca, calling at the intermediate 
places. 

Catuta, t. and p. o., Chemung co., JVi Y. : on Cayuta cr., 
142 m. W. S. W. Albany. Pop 1,035. 

Cayuta ville. p. v., Tompkins co., N. Y. : on E. side of 
Cayuta Lake, 140 m. W. S. W. Albany. 

Cazenotia, t. and p. v., Madison co., N. Y. : on Cazeno- 
via Lake, lOS m. W. Albany. It is a busy place, and liaa 
several manufactures. The "Madison County Whig" is 
issued weekly. Pop. 4,>;I2. 

Cecil county, Md, Situate N. E., and contains 360 sq. 
m. Drained by Elk, North-east, and other rivers. Sur- 
face generally undulating, sometimes hilly and broken. 
Soils light and loamy, with a reddish clay subsoil. Rocks 
abundant, and iron, chromes, and other minerals found. 
Timber sufficient for domestic purpr)sps. Farms 1,2U8; 
manuf. 176; dwell. 3,056, and pop— wh. 15,472, fr. col. 2,623, 
8l. S44— totid 1S.939. Capital: Elkton. rublic Works: 
Philadelphia, Wilmington, and Baltimore E. K. ; New- 
castle and Frenchtown E. E. ; and Chesapeake and Dela- 
ware Canal. 

Cecil, t. and p. o., Washington co., Penn.: on MuUer's 
branch of Chartier's cr.,173 ra. W. Ilarrisbnrg. Pop. 1.2'^7. 

Cecilton, p. v., Cecil co., Md. : on the N. of Sassafras r., 
3 ra. distant, 48 m. N. E. Annapolis. 

Cedar county, la. Situate E., and contains 576 sq. m. 
Drained by Cedar r. and its branches. Surface undulating 
and soils fertile. Farms S5S; manuf. 4; dwell. 6S6, and 
pop.— wh. 3,939, fr. col. 2— total 3,941. Cajyital: Tipton. 

Cbdah county. Mo. Situate W., and contains 428 sq. 
m. Drained by the tributaries of Sac r. of the Osage. Sur- 
face level, with some woodland. Soils exceedingly fertile. 
Farms 347; manuf. 7; dwell. 561, and pop.— wh. 3,278, fr. 
col. 1, sl. 82— total 3,361. Capital: Fremont, 

Cedar, p. v., Allen co., Jnd. : at the confiuence of Cedar 
cr. with Little St. Joseph r., 112 m. N. E. Indianapolis. 

Cedak, p. 0., Livingston co., Mich. : SS ra. E. by S. 
Lansing. 

Cedar Bayou, p. o., Liberty co., Tltr. ; on a cr. so called, 
172 m. E. Austin Cit}'. 

Cedar Bluff, p. v., Cherokee co.. Ala. : \^2 m. N. by 
E. Montgomery. Formerly capital of the county. 

Cedar Bluff, p. o., Ocktibbeha co., Miss. : 107 m. N. E. 
Jackson. 

Cedar Bluff, p. c, Tazewell co., Virg. : 23S m W. by S. 
Richmond. 

Cedar Bbanch, p.o., Campbell co., Ga. : 91 m. W.N.W. 
Milledgeville. 

Cedaebubgu, t and p. v., Washington co., TlV.'.c.* on the 

in 



CED 



CEN 



Vf. Bide of Cellar cr. of Milwaukie r., 74 m. E, by N. 
Madison. I*op. 1,134. 

Geo&b Crkek. p. v., Sussex co., Dd. : 27 m. S. by E. 
Dover. Cedar Crevk bund, contains 72,090 acres 

CUDAR Creek, p. o., Eulherford co., K Car. : 178 m. 
W. 8. W. Kaleigh. 

Cedar Creek, p. o., VTashlnglon co., Wise, : on the W. 
Bido of Cedar er., 6^ m. IC. by N. Ma<Uson. 

Cbdae crcfk, I/uL : a tributary from the N. of Little St. 
Joseph r. It \a an excellent miU stream, about 40 m. in 
length. 

Cedar creek, Tnd. : a branch of Kankakee r., the outlet 
of Cedar Luke. 

Cedab creek, Rockbridge CO., Vii'g. : a tributary of 
James r. It ia remarkable for the Natural Bridj^e that 
spans it 12 m. S. of Lexington. The r. passes through a 
chasm which is 90 feet wide at the top, and the walla are 
250 feet high, almost perpendicular. The bridge is a huge 
rock thrown across the chasm at the top ; it is 60 feet wide, 
and covered willi earth and trees, forming a sublime spec- 
tacle when seen from the margins of the stream. 

Cedab Creek, p. o., Barry co., Mich. : 42 m. TV. by S. 
Lansing. 

Cedae Ceeek, p. 0., Monmouth co., JV! Jer. 

Cedae Creek, p. o., Richland dist., S. Car. : on a cr, of 
the Congaree r. so called, 17 ra. S. E. Colurabia. 

Cedar Cbeek, p. o., Greene co., Tenn.: on Cedar cr. of 
the Nolichucky r., 221 m. E. Nashville. 

Cedae Ceeek, p. o., Frederick co,, Virg. : 122 m. N. N.W. 
Richmond. 

Cedar Creek Mills, p. o., Stephenson co., III. : 156 m. 
N. Springfield, 

Cedae Falls, p. v., and cap. Black Hawk co., la. : on 
Cedar r., 73 m. N. W. Iowa City. 

Cedae Falls, p. o., Randolph co., iV. Car. : 06 m. "W. 
Raleigh. 

Cedae Falls, p. o., Richland dist,, S. Car.: on Cedar 
cr. of Congaree r., 22 m. S. E. Columbia. 

Cedae Foed, p. o., Grainger co., Tenn. : I'd m. E. 
Nashville. 

Cedae Grove, p. o., Jefferson co., Ala. : 92 m. N. by "W. 
Montgomery, 

Cedae Geove, p. o., Sheboygan co., Wise: S. of Union 
r. of the Sheboygan, 73 m, Y.. by N, Madison. 

Cbdar Gkove, p. v., Franklin co., InrL: on the E. side 
of White Water r., 83 m. E. by S. Indianapolis. 

Cedae Grove, p. o., Orange co., JfT. Car. : 47 m. N, W. 
Raleigh. 

Cedae Grove, p. o., Wilson co., Tenu. : 33 m. E. Nash- 
ville. 

Cedae Geove, p. o., Brcckenridge co., Ay. : 89 m. 
W. by S. FraukforL , 

Ckdae Grove, p. o., Kauffman co,, Tecc. : on Cedar cr. of 
Trinity r., 226 m. N. N. E. Austin Cily. 

Cedae Geove Mills, p. o., Rockbridge co., Virg. : 114 
m. W. Richmond. 

Cedae IIii-l, p. o., Albany co., A'', i'.: near the Hudson 
r., 6 m, S. All^any. 

Cedae Hill, p. o., Anson co., K Car.: W. of tho Tad- 
kin r,, 87 m. S. W. Raleigh. 

Cedak island, Mich. : a small island at the entrance of 
Detroit strait into Lake Krie. 

Cedar Ket, p. o., Levy co., Flor. : IOC m. S. E. Talla- 
hassee. The Crtlar Keys consist of several small isl:inds 
off the mouth of the Suwannee r., on the W. coast of tho 
peninsula, and arc inhabited by fishermen and wreckers. 

Cedar Lake. p. o., Lake co., ImJ. : on the lake so called, 
128 m. N. W. Indianapoli-*. Cedar Luke is 3 m. long, and 
three-fourths of a mile wide, and abounds in various de- 
scriptions of flsli. 

Cedae Lake, p. o., Brazoria co., Tea^. : on Cedar Lake 
Bayou, on tho S, W. part of tho co., 153 m. 8. E. Austin 
City. 

112 



Cedae Lake, p. o., Calhoun co., Mich. : on a email col- 
lection of water so called, 42 m. S. W. Lansing. The lake 
empties through a cr. of St. Jo^-eph's r. 

Cedae Lake, p. o., Herkimer co., N. Y.: on a lake ao 
called, 87 m. N. W. Albany. 

Cedar lake, Mich. : a small collection of water in the 
S. E. comer of Van Buren co., the waters of which are con- 
ducted into St. Joseph r. by a branch of Dowaglake r., 
which rises from it. 

Cedar Mouxt, p. o., Wythe co., Virg. : 211 m, W. by S. 
Richmond. 

Cedae Plains, p. o., Morgan co., Ala, : 148 m. N. by W. 
Montgomery. 

Cedar Point, p. o., Page CO., Virg.: 93 m. N. W. 
Richmond. 

Cedar Rapids, p. o., Linn co., la.: at the rapids of 
Cedar r., 23 m. N. by W. Iowa City. 

Cedar Suoal, p. o.. Cheater dist., S. Car. : 61 m. N. W. 
Columbia, 

Cedar Speixg, p. o., Benton co., Ala. : 99 ra. N, N. E. 
Montgomery. 

Cedar Spring, p. o., Wythe CO., Virg.: 212 m. W. by S. 
Richmond. 

Cedar Spring Asylum, p. o., Spartanburg dist,, S. Car. 

Cedae SpRiNor?, p. o., Spartanburg dist., S. Car. : 83 m. 
N. W. Cobimbia. 

Cedar Springs, p. o., Allen co., Ky. : 122 m. S. W. 
Frankfort. 

Cedar Swamp, p. o., Queens co. y. T,: 122 m, S. by E. 
Alljany. 

Ciii>AETowN, p. v., Paulding co., Ga. : between the forks 
of Cedar cr. of Coosa r., 182 m. W. N. W. MiUedgeville. 

Cedae Teee, p. o., Talladega co., Al<t. : 61 m. N. Mont- 
gomery, 

Cedar Valley, p. o., Wayne co., Ohio: 78 m. N. E. 
Columbus. 

Cedarville, p. v., Cumberland co., J^. Jer.: on Cedar 
cr., 4 m_ from Delaware Bay, and 62 S. by W. Trenton. It 
has some manufactures and considerable trade in wood. 

Cedarville, p. v., Herkimer co., A'. Y. : 72 m. W. by N. 
Albany. 

Cedaeville, p. v., Greene co., 0?no: on the line of the 
Columbus and Xeuia R. R., 47 m, S. E. Columbus. 

Cedaeville, p. v., Washington co., Virg. : 246 in. 
W. S. W. Richmond. 

Cedros', p. v., Clermont co., Ofiio : 86 m. S. W, Columbus. 

Celestine. p. v., Dubois co., /nil. : a few miles S. of 
Patoka r., and 95 m. S. S. W. Indianapolis. 

Celina, p. v., and cap. Mercer co., Ohio: on the W, side 
of the upper Wabash r., 94 m. W. N, W. Columbus. A 
newspaper, the '" Western Standard" (dem.), is published 
weekly, 

Celin'a, p. v., Jackson co., Tenn.: on the E. side of 
Cumberland r., 72 m. E. N. E. Nashville. 

Cente,vl, p. o., St. Louis co., Mo. : 92 m. E. Jefferson 
City. 

Cente\l, p. 0., Columbia co., Pfnn.: 67 m. N, by E. 
Harrisburg. 

Central F.eidge, p. o., Schoharie co., ^V. T. : on Scho- 
harie cr. of the Mohawk, 27 m. W, Albany. 

Cexteal College, p. o., Franklin co, IT. Y.: 133 m. 
N, N. W. Albany, 

Centr.\l Plains, p. o., Fluvanna CO., Virg. : 49 m. W. 
Richmond. 

Central Point, p. o., Caroline co., Virg. : 37 m. N. 
Richmond. 

Central Square, p. 0., Oswego co., 2^. Y. : 123 m, 
W. N. "W. Albany. 

Central Village, p. v., Windham co.. Conn.: on the 
Norwich and Worcester R. R., 39 m. E. Hartford, 19 m. 
from Norwich, and 40 m. from Worcester. 

Centre county, Fenn. Situate centrally, and contains 
1,480 sq. m. Drained by Bald Eagle, Peuu's, and other 



CEN 



CEN 



creeks, an. I by the "W. branch of Susqueli:tiiiia r. Suiface 
rocky and mountainous. Soils of a stul>boru nature gen- 
erally, but along the streams there is much tliat is highly 
ft-rtile. Farms 1,043; manuf. 171; dwell. S.OoG, and pop.— 
wh. 23,U2, fr. col. 243— total 23,355. Capital : Bellefonte. 

Centre, p. v., and cap. Cherokee co., Ala. : 136 m. 
N. by E. MotitgoDifry. 

Centke, p. v., Montgomery co., O^n'o: 66 ra. "W. S. W. 
Columbus. 

Centee, p. v., Talbot co., Ga. : 82 m. "ft", by S. Milledge- 
vllle. 

Centee, p. v., Cass co., Tea: : 2T« m. N. E. Austin City. 

Centre, p. v., Barren co., Ay.; 9S m. S. W. Frankfort. 

Centre, t. and p. o., Rock co., Wise. : 47 m. S. by E. 
MaJison. Pop. 626. 

Centee, p. v., Guilford CO., K Car. ; 69 m. W. by N. 
Ealeiffh. 

Centee, t. and p. o., Perry co., Pcnn. : 3C m. N. W. Har- 
rislnirg. Pop. 1,20S. 

Centre Almond, p. v., Alleghany co., K, Y. : 203 ni. 
"W. S. W. Albany. 

Centhe P.AitNSTEAT>, p. V., Belknap co,, JV! Uam-p. : on 
Sunooi)k r., IS m. N. E. by E. Concord. 

Centre Belpbe, p. v., "Washington co., Oliio : on the 
Ohio r., below Blenncrhassclt's Island, S6 m. E. S. E. 
Columbus. 

Centre Beelw, p. v., EeiisseUaer co., JV". T. : on Iloosie 
r., 19 m. E. Albany. 

Centre Beidge, p. o., Bueka co., rcitn.: 103 m. E. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Centre Bkook, p. o., Middlesex co.. Conn. : 24 m. S. by E. 
Hartford. 

CENTEEBUT.Gn, p. o., Knox CO., Ohio : on the S. side of the 
N. fork of Licking r., 33 m. N. E. Columbus. 

Centre Cambridge, p. v., Washington co., y. Y. : 2S m. 
N. N. E. Albany, 

Centre Camsteo, p. v., Steuben co., A^. Y. : on the S. 
side of Canisteo r., 1S9 m. W. S. W. Albnny. 

CentfvE Conway, p. v., Carroll co., A'". /lamp, : on Swift 
r.. 5G m. N. E. Concord. The Great Falls and Con%Yay 
E. E. will pasb near this village. 

Centre Creek, p. o., Iron co., Utali Tei\ 

Cektee Ckoss, p. o., Essex co., Tirg. : 62 m. N. E. 
Eichmond. 

Centeedale, p. o., Providence co., Ji. I. : 11 m. W. 
Providence. 

Centkefikld, p. v., Ontario co., A'l Y : 177 m. W. 
Albany. 

Centrefield, p. v., Oldham co., Xy. : 37 m. N. AV. 
Frankfort. 

Cekteefield, p. v., Highland co., Ohio : on the S. side of 
Paint cr., 54 m. S. W. Columbus. 

Centre Groton, p. v.. New London, co., Co7in.: 43 m. 
B. E. Uartford. 

Centre Guilfoeb, p. v., Piscataquis co., Me. : 53 ni. 
N. N. E. Augusta. 

Centre IIaeboe, t. and p. v., Belknap co., K. ITnwp. ,- 
between "Winnepieseogee Lake on the S., and Squam Lake 
on the N., 3S m. N. Concord. Pop. 549. 

Centre IIill, p. o., Centre co., Penn.: 74 ni. N. "W. 
Harrisburg. 

Centre Uill, p. c, Stewart co., Ga. : 113 m. S. W. 
Milled gevi lie. 

CentKe Independence, p. o., AUeghany co., A'". Y. : 2ii5 
m. W. S. W. Albany. 

Centre Lebanon, p. v., York co., M^. : S4 m. S. W. 
Augusta. 

Cen TRE Ltncolntii-le, p. V., Waldo CO., J/(', ; 87 m. 
E. by S. Augusta. 

Centre Line, p. o., Centre CO., Perin.: 61 m. N. "W. 
Harrisburg. 

Centre Lisle, p. o., Broome co., A''. Y. : 113 m. "W, Iiy S. 
Albany. 



Centre Lovell, p. o., Oxfonl co., Jfc. : 57 ni. E. by 9, 
Augusta. 

Centre Montville, p. v., Waldo co.. il/t'. : 27 m. E. by N, 
Augusta. 

Centre Moreland, p. v., Wyoming co., Pen/i.: 98 m. 
N. E. Harrisburg. 

Centre Ossirpee, p. v., Carroll co.. A". Htunp.: 42 m. 
N. N. E. Coiioord. 

Centre Point, p. v., Monroe co., Xy. ; IIS m. S. S W. 
Frankfort. 

Centre Point, p. v., Sevier co,, Arl: : 14T m. W. S. W 
Little Eock. 

Centre Point, p. v., Liim co., la. : on a cr. of Cedar r., 
SS m. N. by W. Iowa City. 

Centre Point, p. v., Knox co., III. : 7S m. N. N. W 
Springfield. 

CENTas Port (now Elm Bl0Ff), p. v., Dallas co., Ala. .' 
on the E. side of Alabama r., 49 m. W. S. W. Montgomery. 

Centreport, p. v., Suffolk co., A'. 1'. .' on Great Cow Bay, 
lis m. S. by E. Albany. 

Centre Eidge, p. v., Kemper co., Miss.: 91 m. E. N. E. 
Jaekson. 

Centre Edtland. p. v., Eutland co., V<'rtn. : on Mill r. 
of Otter cr., 49 m. S. by W. Montpelier. 

Centre Sandwich, p. v., Carroll co., A'". Ilainp.: 46 m. 
N. Concord. 

Centre Sherman, p. v., Chautauque co., K. Y. : 293 m. 
W. by S. Albany. 

Centre Sidney, p. v., Kennebec co., M-:. : 5 m. N. 
Augusta. 

Centre Star, p. o., Lauderdale co., Ala. : 194 m. N. W. 
Montgomery. 

Centre Strafford, p. v., Straflford co., A' Iliimp. : 21 m. 
E. C'tncord. 

Centreton, p. v., Salem co., 2^. Jer. : 66 m. S. by W. 
Trenton. 

* Centreton, p. v., Huron co., Oliio: 103 m. N. by E. 
Columbus. 

Centretown, p. v., Dubuque co.», la. : 66 m. N. E. Iowa 
City. 

Centretown, p. v., Mercer co., Penn. : 197 m. W. N.W. 
Harrisburg. 

Centretowtt, p. V.J Anderson dist., S. Cao: : IIS m. 
W. N. W. Columbia. 

Centre Valley, p. o., Lehigh co., Penn. : 69 m. E. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Centre Valley, p. o., Otsego co., K. Y. : 49 m. W. by 
N. Albany. 

Centre Village, p. v., Camden co., Ga.: 163 m. S. E. 
Milledgcville. 

Centre Vjllagf. p. v., Broome co., K. Y. : 117 m. W. S. W, 
Albany. 

Centreville, p. v., Montgomery CO., Ark. : 72 m. W. by 
S. Little Eock. 

Centeeville, p. v., Leon co,, Tex. : 126 m. N. E. Austin 
City. 

Cuntreyillc, p. v., and cap. Bibb ro,, Ala.: on the E. 
side of Cahawba r., at the lower falls, 65 m, N, W. Montr 
gonicry. 

Centeeville, p. v., Newcastle CO., Del. ; near the N. 
State line, .39 m. N. by W. Dover. 

Cknteeville, p. v., Leon co., Flor. 

Centeeville, p, v., Wilkes co., Qa.: S. of Long cr. of 
Broad r., 51 ra. N. E. Millcdgeville. 

Centeeville, p. v., Columbia CO., Wise. : 61 m. N. E. 
Madison. 

Centeeville, p. v., and cap. Wayne co., Iifd. : on thcE. 
side of White Water r., CI m. E. by N. Indianapolis. The 
Central Indiana E. E. passes through the v. about U m. W. 
Eirhraond. 

Centeeville, p. v.. and cap. St. Joseph's co., Mich. : on 
the S. side of Prairie r. of St. Joseph's r., 73 m, S. W. 
Lansing. It is an improving town, and has a newspaper, 



CEN 



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the "St. Joseph's County Advertiser'' (whig), published 
weekly. A branch of the University is located here. 

Centreville, p. v., and cap. Appanoose cc, Ja. : 76 m. 
B. W. Iowa City. 

Cestbetille, p. v., "Wabash co., III. : 183 m. 8, E. 
Springfleld. 

Centreville, p. T., Conway co., Ark. : 47 m. N. "W. 
Little Kock. 

Centreville, p. v., Bourbon co., Ky. : 83 m. E. Frank- 
fort. 

Centreville, p. v., St. Mary's par., La. : on the S. side 
of Bayou Teeh6, 51 m. S. by W. Baton Eouge. 

Centreville, p. v., and cap. Queen Anne co., Md, : at 
the head of Corsica cr., 25 m. K. Annapolis. 

Centbeville, p. v., Barnstable co., Mms.: 63 m. S. E. 
Boston. 

CenteevillEj p. v., Amitie co., Mus. : 94 m. 8. "W. by S. 
Jackson. 

Centreville, p. v., Moore co., J^. Cur. : 45 m. 8. W. 
Ealeigh. 

Centreville, p. v., Hunterdon co., Jf. Jer, : 83 m. N. 
Trenton. 

Cbktreville, t. and p. v., Alleghany co., 271 T.: in the 
N. W. comer of the co., 228 m. W. by S. Albany. P. 1,44,*). 

Cente£ville, p.v., Montgomery co., Ohio : 68 m. W. S.W. 
Columbus. Building stone is abundant in the neighbor- 
hood. 

Centreville, p. v., Crawford co., Penn.: on a cr. of 
Alleghany r., 157 m. N. W. Harrisburg. 

Centreville, p. v., Kent co., li. I. : on the E. side of 
Patuxent r., 11 m. 8. S. "\V. Providence. The inhabitants 
are chiefly engaged in the manufacture of cotton goods. 
Pop. about 450. 

Centreville, p. v., Laurens dist., S. Car, : 73 m. N. W. 
Columbia. 

Centreville, p. v., Hickman co., Term. : on the 8. side 
of Duck r, of the Tennessee, 47 m. 8. W. Na8h\*ille. This 
V. was formerly capital of the county. 

Centreville, p. v., Fairfax co., Vlrg. : on the N. branch 
of Occoquan cr., 84 m. N. Fachmond. It has some manu- 
factures, and about 360 inhabitants. 

Centreville, p. v., and cap. Appanoose co., 7(7. .• on the 
8. side of Cooper's cr. of Chariton r., S7 m. S. "W. Iowa City. 

Centre White Creek, p o., Washington co., JV. T. : 31 
m. N. N. E. Albany. 

Ceralvo, p. v., Carroll co., Miss, : 71 m. N. by E, 
Jackson. 

Ceres, p. v., Alleghany co., iVC K ; on a tributary of Alle- 
ghany r., 213 m. W. S. W. Albany. 

Ceeesco, p. v., Calhoun co., JficJi.: on the N. side of 
Kalamazoo r., 89 m. S.W. Lansing. The Michigan Central 
K. K. passes through the v. 5 ni. W. of Marshall. 

Ceresco, t. and p. v., Fond du Lac co., Wise. : on a cr. 
emptying into Green Lake, 65 m. N. E. Madison, P. 1,337. 

Ceeeo Gordo county, la. Situate W. middle, and con- 
tains 576 sq. m. Taken from Pottowattoraee in 1S51. 

Cerro Gordo, p. v., and cap. Holmes co., Fior. 

Cerbo Gordo, p. v., Piatt co., ML: on the S. side of the 
N. fork of Sangamon r., 47 m. E. N. E. t?pringflcld. 

Chadd's Ford, p. o., Delaware co., Paui.: 162 m. E. by 
S. Harrisburg. 

Chagrin Falls, p. o., Cuyahoga co., Ohio : on Chagrin 
r. of Lake Erie, 165 ra. N. E. Columbus. 

Chalk Bluff, p. o., Greene co.) Ark. : 143 m. N. E. 
Little Rock. 

Chalk Level, p. o., Cumberland co., N. Cur. : 89 m. S. 
Kaleigh. 

Chalk Level, p. o., St. Clair co., Mo. : 94 m. W. by S. 
Jefferson City. 

CuALK Level, p. o., Pittsylvania co., Virff. : 108 m. 
S. W. Richmond. 

Chalk Level, v., Benton co., Tenn. : on the W. side of 
Tennessee r., 71 m. W, by S. Nashville. 
114 



Chalk Letel, p. o., Hopkins co., Ay. ; 171 m. W. S.W. 

Frankfort, 

Chalkville, p. v., Chester dist., S. Car. : 87 m. N. W. 
Columbia. 

Chambers county, Ala. Situate E. on State line, and 
contains 720 sq. m. Drained by creeks of Chattahoochee 
and Tallapoosa rivers. Surface undulating, and soils gen- 
erally fertile, producing wheat, corn, and collon. Farms 
1,342 ; manuf. 56 ; dwell. 2,138, and pop.— wh. 12,784, fr. eol. 
IS, si. 11,15'! — tol.il 2^,960. Caintal: Chambers, i'libll:! 
Worfcs : Montgomery and West Point li. li. 

Chambers, p. v., and cap. Chambers co., Al<i. : 63 m. 
N. E. Montgomery. 

CHAMBERsBrRim, p. v., Pike co., 7^^. ; on the W. side of 
M'Kee's cr. of the Illinois r., 53 m. W. Springfield. 

CiLiMBERSETjRorr, p. V., Cl.irkc CO., Mo. : on Fox r. of the 
Mississippi, 136 m. N. by E.Jefferson City. 

CuAMBERSBURGH, p. v., Orange CO., Jud. : at the heart 
waters of Patoka cr., 64 m. S. by W. Indianapolis. 

CH.UkLBEBSBUEGH, p. V., Montgomery co., Ohio: on a 
branch of Miami r., 75 m. S. W. Columbus. 

Chambebsburgh, p. v., and cap. Franklin co., Ponn. : 
in the valley of Coif?cocheague r., a tributary of the I'oto- 
mac, 44 m. S. W. Harrisburg. It is one of the most flour- 
ishing places in the interior, has numerous manufactures, 
and considerable commeroe. The Franklin li. II. extends 
hence to Uagcrstown, Md., 22 m., and the Cumberland 
Valley K. K. to Harrisburg, 56 m. ; at the latter place form- 
ing a junction with the Pennsylvania E. E., etc Five 
weekly newspapers are published here ; the *' llepository 
and Whig," the "Franklin Intel iigencer" (whig), the "Val- 
ley Sentinel" (dem.), the " Valley Spirit" (dcm.), and the 
" Messenger'' (religious). Pop. 4,272. 

Chamber's Ckeek, p. o., Navarro co., Tex. : on a stream 
so called of Pecan cr. of Trinity r., 143 m. N. N. E. Austin 
City. 

Chamber's Mills, p. o., Buckingham co., Yirg. : 56 m. 
W. Richmond. 

Chambeesville, p. v., Dallas CO., Ark.: 73 m. S. by W. 
Little Kock. 

Cn.vMBLissBtJRGH, p. V., Bedford co., Virg,: on a cr. of 
the Roanoke r., 126 m. W. S. W. Richmond. 

CnAMi»AGNOLLE, p. V., Uniou CO., Ark. : on the S. side of 
Washita r., 93 m. S. Little Kock. 

Champaign county. III. Situate E. middle, and contains 
972 sq. m. Drained by the head streams of Sangamon, 
Kaskaskia, and Big Vermillion rivers. Surface undulating, 
with large prairies bordered by fine groves of timber. Soil 
excellent. Farms 273 ; dwell, 4S0, and pop.— wh. 2,647, fr. 
col. 2— total 2,649. Capital: Erbana. Puhlic Works: Chi- 
cago Branch of Ilhnois Central E. K. 

Champaign county, Ohio. Situate W. centrally, and 
contains 464 sq. m. Drained by the head tributaries of 
Mad r. Surface generally level or undulating, in some 
places low and marshy. Prairie and timber well appor- 
tioned. Soils deep and ricli, producing fine grain crops. 
Farms 1,677 ; manuf. 93 ; dwell. 3,4:57, and pop.— wh. 19,272, 
fr. col. 490 — total 19,762. Capital: Urbana. Public 
Works: Mad River and Lake Erie R. R. 

Champion, t. and p. v., Trumbull co., Ohio: 177m.N. E. 
Columbus. Pop. 1.090. 

CuAMPioN, t. and p. v., Jefferson co., 2^. K.* on the 8. 
side of Black r., 127 in. N. W. Albany. Pop. 2 ^185. 

CiiAMPiox South Koads, p. o., Jefferson co., 2r. Y. : 127 
m. N. W. Albany. 

Ciiamplain lake, J^. Y. and Verm. : this fine sheet of 
water lies between the Stales of New York and Vermont, 
and penetrates a fi*iv miles beyond the line of the United 
Stati'S into Canada. Its length is about I4i) m.. and ila 
width from 1 mile to 10 miles. The direction of its length 
is nearly N. and S., and it contains a large number of sm.^11 
islands, most of which belong to Vermont From White- 
hall to Crown Point the lake is quite narrow, but at the 



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latter point it begins to expand, and soon becomes llirce 
miles wide, stitl increasing in width northward, until near 
Burlington it attains its greatest spread. Steamboats of the 
first class, and vessels of 100 tons navigate the hike from 
end to end, and may pass the Sorel or Eichlieu, its outlet to 
St Johns, where steamboat navigation ceases. The lake is 
connected southward with the navigable waters of the Hud- 
son by means of the Champlain Canal, 63 miles long. As 
the centre of the lake is approached, a hirge body of water 
presents itself to view, bordered by scenery of the most 
picturesque description. The headlands are seen to great 
advantage, and the vast range of mountains on either side 
is truly a scencof grandeur seldom witnessed. The highest 
peak of the Green Mountains, the CamePs liuinp^ is seen 
on the east, while the high range of mountains of Essex 
County loom boldly above the western horizon. This hitter 
range of mountain peaks contains the highest land of the 
Slate of New York, and rises in some instances to the height 
of 5,000 feet and upward, the forests covering it swathed in 
clouds; streams leap from their sides, and cascades of great 
beauty foam from their crevices. The immediate shores of 
the lake have numerous indentations and bays of singular 
beauty; fish abound in the waters, and the angler nowhere 
else can so well enjoy the pleasures of the '' gentle arf than 
here. Salmon, salmon-trout, sturgeon, pickerel, etc., ol the 
finest flavor, abound through the whole length of this 
delightful lake. 

CuAMpLAiN, t. and p. r., Clinton co., K. T. : the north- 
easternmost t. of the State, on the W. side of Lake Cham- 
plain, 153 m. N. Albany. The v. on Chazy r., is intersected 
by the Northern K. K., 4 m. "W. of Rouse's Point, P. 5,067. 

Chancefobd, t and p. v., York co., Penn. : on the S. "W. 
fork of the Susquehanna r., 3S m. 8. S. E. Uarrisburg. 

CuANOELLORSviLLE, p. V., Spoltsylvauia eo., Virg. : 8. of 
the liappahannock r., 54 m. N. by 'W. Richmond. 

CnANCEET, p. 0., Howard co., Ind. : 66 m. N. Indiana- 
polis. 

CiiASCEviLLE, p. v., Monmouth co., N'. Jer. : 39 m. E. 
Trenton. 

Chandlersvillb, p. v., Muskingum co., Ohio: 62 m. E. 
by N. Columbus. 

CUA>-DLEEVILLE, p. T., ChCStcr CO., Pi'tUK .' 62 ffi. E. S. E. 

Uarrisburg. 

Channahon, p. v., Will CO., Jli. : on a tributary of Illiuois 
r., 133 m. N. E. Springfidd. 

Chansln'gvtlle, p. v., Dubuque ca, lu. : G9 m. N. E. 
Iowa City. 

CiiA>"ni.i,T, p. 0., Lincoln co., Mo. : 76 m. N". R Jefferson 
City. 

Cu^sJiTTLLT, p. a, FalrfaK co., Virg. : 92 m. N. Rich- 
mond. 

Chapel Hiix, p. v.. Orange co., JV' Air. : on New Hope 
r., a branch of Cape Fear r., 27 m. N. W. Raleigh. The v. 
derives its chief importance from being the seat of the 
University of NortJi Carolina, This institution was founded 
in 1789, and is well endowed. Permanent population, 
about 300. 

Chapel Hill, p. v., Monmouth co,, If. Jer. 

CuAPEL Hill, p. v., Marshall co., Te^i/n. : on n cr. oC Duck 
r., 37 m. S. by E. NashvUle. 

Chapel Hill, p. v.. Perry co., Ohio: 52 m. E. by S. 
Columbus. 

CuAPEL niLi>, p. v., Washington co., 7kr. ; 70 m. E. 
Austin City. 

Cn.vpEL Hill, p. v., I-a Fayette co., J/b. ; 9S m. W. by 
N. Jefferson City. 

CnArELsnrp.G, p. v., Cattaraugus co., K. Y. : 242 m. "W. 
by S. Albany. 

Chapinville, p. v., Ontario co., ZT. Y. : 172 m. "W. by N. 
Albany. 

Chapistille, p. T., Litchfield co., Conn. : 44 m. W. 
Hartford. 

Chaplin, p. v., Nelson co., Xy. ; 47 m. W. by S. Frankfurt, 



Chaplin, t. and p. v..Windhani C'">.. Co?i!i. : on N:>;rhaug 
r., 27 m. E. by N. Hartford. Pop. 7Si9. 

Chapman, t, and p. o.. Union co., P-^rn). : on Mahantango 
cr., 39 m. N. "W". Harrisburg. Pop. 1,427. 

CuAPMANviLLE, p. Y., Logan CO., Virg. : 246 m. W. 
Richmond. 

CnAppAQrA, p. v., Westchester co., y. Y. : on llie line of 
the New York and Harlem Extension R. R. 97 m. S. by E. 
Albany. 

CuAPPELL, p. v., Dallas co., Arl:. : 59 m. S. Little Rock. 

CiiAPTico, p. v., St. Mari'''8 co., JiM. : on the S. side of 
Chaptico cr., 47 m. S. by W. Annapolis. Chaptico cr. is 
navigable to the village. 

CuAPULTEPEc, p. v., Blouot CO., Aid. .' 122 m. N. by W. 
Montgomery. 

CiL\PULTEPEC, p. v., Benton co., Tcnn. : 71 m. W. Nash- 
ville. 

Chaepon, p. v., and cap. Geauga co., Ohio ; ISO m. N. E. 
Columbus. It is a flourishing v., and has two m-wspapcrs, 
the " Geauga Republican'' (whig), and the " Free Demo- 
crat" (free soil), both published weekly. Pop. l,62-.i. 

CuABENTON, p. V., St. Mary's par., La. : 54 m. S. by W. 
Baton Rouge. 

CiiAEiToN, p. v., Lucas CO., la. : on the N. side of Chariton 
r., 103 m. S. W. Iowa City. 

CnABiTON Mills, p. o., Adair co., 3fo. : on Chariton r., 
lis m. N. by W. Jefll-rson City. 

CnAp.LEMONT, t. and p. o.. Franklin co., Afasf!. : on Deer- 
fleld r., 93 m.W. Boston. The Greenfield and North Adams 
R. R. will traverse the t. E. and W., forming a section of the 
Troy and Boston line of railroads. Pop. 1,173. 

Chaelemont, p. v., Bedford co., Virg. : IIS m. W. by S. 
Richmond. 

Charlton county. Mo. Situate centrally on N. bank of 
Missouri r., and contains 7S0 sq. m. Drained by Chariton 
r., and several tributaries of Grand r. Surface level or 
undulating prairie, and soil good. Farms 6.%9 ; manuf. 24 ; 
dwell. 1,09G, and pop.— wh. 5,6S3, fr. col. 4S, si. 1,77-!.— total 
7,514. Ctipital: Keytesville. 

Charlks county, Md. Situate W. shore, and contains -100 
sq. m. Draineti by a number of creeks flowing to the Pn- 
loraac and Patuxent rivers. Surface low and san<ly. Soil 
indilfcrent and exhausted. Tobacco is the chief product, 
but wheat, corn, etc., are grown extensively. Timber is 
various and abundant Farms 709 ; manuf. ; dwell. 1.335, 
and pop.— wh. 5,665, fr. col. 913, si. 9,5^4— total 16,162. 
Capital : Port Tobacco. 

Charles river, H. I. : has its source in Warden's Pond, 
in S. Kingston, and empties into Pawcatuck r. at Westerly. 

Charles river, Ma^s. : rises on the borders of Hnpkinton 
and Milford townships, and after a circuitous course, empties 
into Boston Harbor. It is navigable to Watertown, 7 m. 
above Boston. 

Charles City county, Virg. Situate S. E. on a penin 
sula formed by James and Chickahominy rivers, and con- 
tains 20S sq. m. Surface rolling, and soils sandy. Indian 
corn, wheat, and oats are the principal products. Farms 
199 ; manuf. 6 ; dwell. 4S6, and pop.— wh. 1,G64, fr. col. 772, 
si. ■3,704— total 5,200. Capitul: Charles City C. H. 

CnAELEs City C. H,, p. v., and cap. Charles City co., 
Virg.: on the N. side of James r., 33 m.E. by S. Richmond 
Chaeles RrvEE Village, p. v., Norfolk co., Mass. : on 
Charles r., 16 m. S. W. Boston. 

Charle-ston district, S. Car. Situate S. E. on the Atlan- 
tic, between the Santee and Ashley rivers, and contains 1.520 
sq. m. Drained by Cooper's r. and other streams. Tho 
surface is low and swampy, and produces abundantly rice 
and cotton, with some grain. Farms 0>>2 ; manuf. 76 ; 
dwell. 5,213, and pop.— wh. 24,5S6, fr. col. 3.S43. si. 44,376— 
total 72.305. Capital: Charleston. Public Wvrks : S&ntee 
Canal, and South Carolina R. R. 

Charleston, p. v., Mississippi co.. Mo. : 196 m. S. E. 
Jefferson City. 

115 



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CUA.1CLEST0N, p. V., an*! cap. Coles co., Ill, : about 2 m. 
\V. of KmbiirniH r., 82 in. K. by S. S. Sprinfrndd. The Terro 
Ilmilo and AUon li. K. will pass ihnmirli till-* village. 

CiiAULMTON, t. aud p. v., l'(.-i»»)bsw>l CO., Mi'. : 57 m. N.E. 
AuKUfttn. Pop. ],2S8. 

CuARi.EftTON, t. ua<l p. o., KalaitKiaoo co., Mk'Jt. : on tho 
S. side of Kalamazoo r., 51 in. S. \V. Lansinf;. Top. S4G. 

CiiAitLi»ruN, p. v., and (;ap. Talluhatidiic co., J/w*. ; on 
Tillaboba cr. of TallalmU'liiu r., 11 1 ni. N. Jackson. 

CiiAiiLESTON, p. v., Lee Co., /(*. : on Ihe bank of the 
Mississippi r., nt the confluence of Siigar cr., 89 m. S. by E. 
Iowa City, and about G ni. S. AV. I-'ort Madison. It is a 
phico of some trade, and near the lino of the proposed 
Dubuque and Keokuk II. U. 

Cmaklp-htun, t. and p. v., Montgomery co., IT, Y.: on 
Uie \V. side (»f .Scli^harie cr., ^1 m, W. Albany. Top. 2,2H!. 

CiFAiaiBTON, p. v., Tioga co., A". Y.: Vi\ m. W. S. W. 
Albany. 

CiiABLESTON, p. City, port of entry, and cap. Charlcnlon 
<list., S. Cor. : on a tongue of land funned l»y the nn-uting 
of Cooper and Ashley rivers in Charleston Harbor, lUl m. 
8. E. Columbia. Lat. '62^ -IG' 93" N., and long. 70O hV 27" 
TV. from Greenwich, or 2° 00' 57" "W. from Washington. 

The bay, or CUiirleston Harbor, is a hu'go estuary, with 
an average width uVi m.,and extends about 7 ni. S. K. from 
Charlfston to the Atlantic Ocean, which it enters between 
Sullivan's and Morrison's islands. Cooper and Ashley 
rivers arc from 80 to '10 feet deep, the former being 1,4U0, 
and the latter 2,100 yards wide oppottite the city, and both 
are capable of accommodating the largest class of vessels. 
A sand-bar extends across the nioulh of the harbor, but it 
has several channel entrances, Ihe dfi.-j)e9t of wliidi, passing 
very close to tSullivan's Island, admits vessels drawing 10 
feet water at liigh tide. The harbor is open to easterly 
winds, and vessels are much exposed during stornw from 
tliat quarter— so much so, indeed, that tliey were at one 
Ijnie proliibiled by law from lying at the wharves from the 
last of July to tho mid<ile of September. Tlie fitrtillcations 
protecting Charleston, are Fort Moultrie, on Sullivan's 
Island, Caatlo Pinckney, 2 m. below tho city, and Fort 
Johnson, about 4 m. below. 

The ground upon which Charleston is built is low, only 
elevated S or 9 feet above the level of the Jiarbor at high 
tide, which here rises about G feet, flnwlng by tho city willi 
a strong current, and thus eontribuliiig to tlie salubrity of a 
location naturally uidiealthy. Tho city lias several limes 
boon inunrlated by the waters driven up tho harbor by 
violent winds, and has from this cause at various times suf- 
fered considerable damage. The years IGOtl, 1728, 17r>2, and 
ni'T are noted in tlie history of the city as periods of these 
devastating occurrences. The streets are laid out rccti- 
lineally, running ea-st and west, from tho rivers mirth and 
Bouth, forming nearly square Moclvs. The width of the 
streets varies from .% to 70 feet. Most of the buildings of 
tho city are of brick, and the dwellings are in general of 
elegant conetruction. The streets are Hucd with the pri4le 
of India, while elegant villas, adorned with verandahs 
reaching from tlio ground to the tops of the houses, sur- 
rounded by green edges, and buried in tho rich foliage of 
orange trees, magnoliiLs, and palmettoes, give an air of 
wi'alth and elegance to the city. Charleston is divided into 
four wards, and is governed by a mayor and 12 aldermen. 
Among tho public buildings, are the City Hall, Iho ]'!x- 
cbange, the District Court House, the jail, two arsenals, a 
theatre, tho U. S. C'nstom House, the Halls of tlu; College 
of Charleston, between MO nn<l -10 clnirehes, several high 
sehoole, and buildings devoted to benevolent purposes, as 
the alms-houses, tho orphan asylum. Tho Literary and 
Philosophical Society has a lino collection of objects of nat- 
ural history, etc. ; tho Academy of Fine Arts possesses some 
valuable paintings, and tho City Library contains about 
24,0(10 volumes. The College of Charleston is one of the 
moat flourishing institutions of the'Southeni Slates, and has 

no 



anefllcient staff, consisting of a president and six professors; 
It wa-s founded in 17s% and in 1850 hH<l 70 students. The 
Medical College of the State of South Carolina was founded 
in lS3a; In 1S50 it had 8 profe.ssoft and 158 students. The 
list of free school puiiils is 81(4, and tho average cost of 
Inatruetion $10 per annum; these are valuable schools, hut 
arc inadequate for so large a city. There la alw) a High 
School, founded in 1S:J9, whiidi averages from 1^0 to 150 
pupils. It is endowed with $1,000 a year for 100 years by 
the council. Tho number of grammar schools and acade- 
mics, which aro open only to pay scholars, aro pretty 
numerous, and these are usually efilcient institutions, at 
which tho best classical and mathematical education can 
bo had. 

The public press of Charleston consists of four daily 
papers: the "Sun'' (neutral), the "C.News" (d em.), the 
" C. Mercury" (dom.), and the " C. Courier" (neutral) : of 
the latter a tri-wcekly edition is also issued; four weekly 
I)apers, the "Southern Literary Gazette," the "Southern 
l>ai)!ist,'' the "Catholic Miscellany," and tho "SouIIu-rn 
Christian Advocate ;" three monthly periodicals, the " Go?*pel 
Messenger," tlio " School-Fellow" (educational), and the 
" Masonic Miscellany ;" and one bi-monthly, tho " Medical 
Journal." Many of these an; iiublicalions exhibiting a high 
order of talent, and have circulations beyond the locality. 
The "Medical Journal" is a work of world-wide renown, 
and h:t^ among its contributors the highest names among 
Southern physicians. 

The city of Charloslon is ono of the most ancient in the 
Union. Its foundations were laid in 1672. In 1677 it was 
called Oyster Point Town; in 16S0 New Chitflestown, and 
in 16^2 New Charleston. It was chartered as a eity in 
17>s;j. At an early period of its history it attracted a consid- 
erable population from Barbadoes, and received large 
aocessions of French Huguenots. "On tho spot," says 
Bancroft, " where opulenoo now crowds tho wharves of 
the most prosperous mart on our Southern sen-board, among 
ancient groves that swept down tho river's banks, and 
wore covered with yellow jasmine which burdened tho 
verdant zephyrs with its perfumes, tho city was begun." 
Two centuries have nearly been completed since its founda- 
tion, and momentous have been tlio events and dmnges 
within that lapse of time. In 17;il — we havo it on tho 
autlnirity of an old historian — there were C90 houses in 
Charleston, 5 haudsomo cburctica, and that out of tho city 
were to bo found courtly, stately buildings, noble eastles, 
etc. The advantages of the location were early appreciated, 
and it socm became a place of considerable trade. Its first 
exports were staves, lumber, ftirs, and peltries, rice (first 
planted 1G98), to which were added in 1747 indigo, in 1782 
tobacco, and in 1790 cotton. At the present time its great 
exports are rico and eollon. Of cotton, tho receipts from 
the interior in 1S50 were 400,714 bales, and of sea-island, 
17,99 1 bales, and the exports were 865,327 bales upland, and 
lG,4;i7 bales sea-island ; and tho receipts of rico amounted 
to 147,090 barrels, and the exports to 134,417 barrels. The 
ftireign commerce of Charleston, however, lias not pro- 
gressed equally with its coasting tra<lo ; and many reasons 
might bo assigned for this, but none so weighty as the fault 
of its own inhabitants In preferring Iho employment of the 
shipping of other States, and negleeling its own facilities for 
ship-building. It has consequently become a tributary to 
Northern ports, and instead of reaping tho benefits of a 
foreign navigation of its own, has been constantly heaping 
up the coffers of it.s Northern neighbors. At present, indeed, 
the great bulk of Us stajiles are carried coastwise to New 
York, and thence shipped to foreign countries. In the year 
1819-50, ending SOth June, the clearances to foreign ports 
amounted oidy to 351 vessels (121,367 tons), and its direct 
entrances to only 3(i3 vessels (96.619 tons), a proportion 
quite inadequate for the transportation of so large a com- 
I mercial material as that supplied t^'om the back country, of 
I which Ilip port is the only outlet. Tho registered shipping 



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of IJic port ill Diis pi-riod con^iislod of 15,377 tonn, ami the 
^*hiIlpiM;; fiiipl"yf.l iu tlie r<i:i»liiig trade, of IT.l'IG Um-i. 
Tin- coaatwi^o 'sn*lc of CharlfstoTi in comparisim with lliis Is 
inimensoly trrehtor. In 1S4-S llu' nrrivals were &i sl'^nnishlps, 
i'JS ships, I'M) hriff!*, 89S s^-honners, S sloops, atul TiJ'i sti-uiii- 
boals; and Uw cIcarancL-s were Gl steamships, lt;;l shipf, 
177 brills, yt'.a gchomurf", 7 slooj)s, and 781 stcanilm.-ils. At 
tlnj sanio pt-rirxl, and of the above nmount, the fullowinfr 
wt-re roffnlar packet-s plying between Cliarleston and oilier 
ports of Uie Union: JJnslon, 6 vetwels (ly'i"! Ioiih); New 
Vork, 23 vessels (Il,ii'27 tons); Philadelphia, Vi M-suL'h 
('2,'.'rtO tons); rrnvidenec, 2 vepst-ls (.'UG tons); liahiinore, G 
vessels (.000 tons); Wiltnin^t<^n, 4 vessels (1,538 Ions); 
Pavannah, 4 vessels (l,li7(i tons); and New Orleans, 7 vts- 
aelsO'*>-" tons); the remainder being made up of transient 
traders. Of this number, 5 wero steamships, 11 sliips, 9 
barks, 24 brigs, 1 keteli, 2G sehooners, and 8 steamboats. 
There are also engaged in Ihe pilnlagc of the bar, is full 
branch pilols and S secun*! tmineh pilots, employing 9 pilot 
boats, with an aggregate of about lUli tons. 

There is at Charleston a l*"l<niling Dry Dock — one of the 
best <if it.s kind in the Union ; it is the I)a!anee dock of Gil- 
bert, and was built in l^l.") by James Marsh. Its length is 
lOO feet, its Wi'lth 52 feet, and its depth 2(t feet, and ils ea- 
paeity l,r>OU tons. Tiio (jperations of Ibc doek are perform- 
ed by a steam-engine. 

Thi) South Carolina II. Ti. is the great conduit of the 
commeree of CMiarleston 1<» :md from Ibe interior. It ex- 
tends from Charleston to Augusta, 13G miles, and has nu- 
merous conneetions (fee<iers), westward and northward, 
through which an immense amount of merchandi.sc is 
carried to and fro. Jt h.xs also the advantages of a canal 
22 miles long, which connects the h.irbor witli the Santee 
river, and by means of the railroa<is now building, it will 
have access to the Miewissippi and Ohio rivers. Already its 
railroad facilities extend from Cliarleston to Nashville, 
7enn., f)9S miles, an<i to Montgomery, Aki., 482 miles. 

Charleston has seven banks, witlt an aggregate capital 
of ^;>.r><>0,OiM), and five insurance companies, with cai)itals 
in the aggregate amounting to ^4,5U(i,0*J*> i "'^o a provident 
institution for savings. The IJank of the State of Soutli 
Carolina is the fiscal agent of the State, .and holds, besides 
its capital of $l,12;i,:ir)7, the deposits of the State funds. 

The population of Charleston in 1790 was 10,859; in ISnn, 
18.711; in 1810,24,711; in 1^20,^,780; in 1830, ;iO,2Hl) ; in 
ISIO, 29,2C1, and 1850, 42.9>S5. This is exehwivc of SI. 
J'hilii)'s parish, or the neck, whieli is, however, virtually a 
part of Charleston, and contains about 1G,000 inhabilanK 

CiiAiuxsTON, p. v., IJradley co., Tenn.: on tlie S. side of 
Ihe Iliwassee r., 123 m. K. S. K. Nashville. The ICast Ten- 
nessee ami <;eorgia IL K. passes the v. 40 m. from Dallon. 
CicARLraTON Fori: Couneks, p. o., Montgomery co,, A'. 
Y. : 32 m. W. by N. Albany. 

CiiAiti.F.STowN, p. v., Tranklin co., Ark.: on Arkansas r., 
108 m. W. N. W. Little Ilock. 

CiiAitLF-sTowN, t and p. c, Middlenex cQ.^Masn.: on a 
peninsula between Charles and Mystic rivers, and conneeled 
witli ISoston, ei<L, by bridges. 'J'hc e. contains the Massa- 
chusetLs State Prifion, situated on Pris^m Point, thoU. S. 
Navy Yard, etc. Breed's Ilill, where the note^l battle was 
fought, 17th Juno, 1775, lies immediately behind the v.. and 
lliis great event is commemorated by a granite obelisk 
{Bunker Mill Monument), The t. iias consideral)Ie mnnu- 
faclnreH, lra<ie, and commerce ; and a newspaper, the 
" IJunkcT Mill Aiirora," is here published weekly, t'harles- 
town may be considered as a portion of the niitroiwlitaii 
district, of -which Boston is the centre. Pop. 17,210. 

CiiAiti.icsTuwN, p. v., <'eeil CO., M<J.: on the W. side of 
Nortli-Kast r., 5 ni. from ( hesnpeake Bay, and 49 ni. X. K. 
Annapolis. The Philadelphia, Wilmington, and IJaltimore 
\\. P.. pnPscR near the v., 57 m. from Philadelpiiia, and 41 m. 
from Baltimore. 
Ciijir.LfiSTow^N, p. v., and cap, Clarke co., Jwl. : on the 



E. side of Pleasant liun of Silver or., 3 m. from the Ohio r., 
and 92 m. S. 8. K. Indianapolis. 

<_"nAi:i.KSTowN, t. and p. v., Sullivan co., .V. Uninp.: on 
(he K. side of Connecticut r., 45 m. \V. {'oncoril. A bridgo 
connects this I. with Siirimrfield. V'Tih,, and Ihe Sullivan 
B. i:. intcrsecis tli« v. S m. from Hrllows Tails. Poji. 1 G70. 

Cu.Mir.KSTowN, p. v., Calumet co., Wise. : ss m. N. N. K. 
Madison. 

('iiAiiLKSTowN, f. and p. v., Porluge oo., Ohio: on the 
N. side of the W. l^rarub <.f Mahoning r., 154 m. N. K. 
Columbus, pop. ?;u9. 

CnAiti.rsTowN, t. and p. v.. Wasliintrton co., /**. T. : on 
Charles r. of the Paweatuek r., -^1 m. S. S. \V. Providence. 
Pop. 994. 

CnAi!i.i:sTowv, p. v.. and cap. Jefferson co., I7/v^ .• on the 
line of the Winchester anc] Potoiruic U. l:,, 10 ni. frnm 
Harper's l'"erry, and 122 m. N. Kichni'md. 

CnAiti.KVoix comity, MirJi,. Situate N. W. of Lower 
Peninsula, on Little Traverse Bay. an-l contains 534 sq. m. 
Lreeled since 1 -i5o. 

CnAia.oj', p. v., Paulding co., Ohio : 14!J ni. N. W. 
Columbus. 

CnAi!i.<n'rn county. Vlnj. Situate S. middle, and con- 
tains GdO sq. m. Drainetl by Poanoke r. and ils tributaries. 
Surface level, anrl soils fertile, producing wheat, Indian 
corn, oats, and tobacco. Farms 5C3; manuf. (i; dwell. 903, 
iind pop.—wh. 4,(i05, fr. col. 302, si. 8,988— total 13,955. 
CapiUil: Charlotte C. 11. 

CiiAV.i.orrr, t. ami p. o., W.xshington co., ^f'\: 131 m. 
K, N. K. Augusta. Pop. 7 is. 

CnAitLorrF, \>. v., and cap. Katon co., Mich. : on the N. 
si<lc of Bailie cr. of the Kalam.azoo r., and 18 in. S. W 
Lansing. 

CnAUT.oiTF., p. v.. auil cap. Mecklenbnrgli co.. A'. Car.: 
between Suirar ami Little Sugar creeks of Catawba r.. US 
m.W. S.W. Haleigh. l':asl of CharloUo Mien^ are rich gold 
mines, and at the v. a branch mint has long been established 
for its coinage. TIio Charlotte and South Carolina B. li. 
has its N. terminus at this point, and hence the B. B. will 
be eonlitmed N. to Danville, Virv. Two newspaitcra are 
jmblisbcd weekly, the " Charlotte Journal" (.wl'i^'K *i"** "'^ 
" Ilornel's Ne.sl" (dem.) ! Pop. about 1.300. 

CiiAin.oTTiv, p. r., Monroe co., y. K ; on (he W. bank 
of Oenesec r. at its mouth, 7 m. N, Iloehester, and 194 m. 
W. by N. Albany. (Sometimes calh'd Port Gmrxro.) It 
has a convenient landing for steamboats navigaliiii; Ihe r. 
and lake, and has regularsleam e()mmtmicalion willi Cana- 
da ami the principal lake ports. 

CnAKi-iiTTf:, t. and p. v., Chittenden co., y.r)/).: on the 
K. side of Lake Ciinmplain, 31 m. N. W. Monliuber. The 
KuHand and Burlington B. It. p.asscs thniugii lb.- v. 11 m. 
fr«)m Burlingtttn, and leO from Bellow's Kails. It is one of 
the best farming t. in the State. Pop. 1,C34. 

('HAin-oTTK, p. v., and cap. Charlotte co., Virg.: 72 m. 
W. 8. W. liichmond. It contains the cp. buildings, and 
has several meelianic shops. Pop. about COO. 

i'haiu.oitk, p. v., and cap. Dickson co., Ttnn. : 33 m.W. 
Nashville. Tin: Nashville and Mississippi li. IC. will pass 
through the village. 

CiiAni.oTTR CicNTHE, p. 0., Chftutauquc CO., X. Y. : on a 
branch of Concwango cr., 298 m. W. by S. Albany. 

CnAiti-orri: Hai.l. p. v., St. Mary's co., Mil. : at the head 
of Cool Springs cr., 39 m. S, B. L, Annapolis, A noted 
college so called is located here ; in 1850 it had 03 students. 
The V. has about 120 permanent inhabitants. 

CnAULOTTi-Mvii.LK, p. V., liancock co., Ivrf.: on the K. 
side of a branch of Blue r., 29 m. K. Indianapolis. The 
Central Indiana B. P. passes through the village. 

CiiAiti,<HTF.3vn.i.i:, p. v., and cap. Albemarle co., Virg.: 
on Moore's er. of Bivnnna r., C3 m. N. W. liichmond. It 
derives ils chief importance from being the site of the 
University of Virginia, which has a fine observatory, and is 
a mwt efhcient institution. Three newspapers are pub- 



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liahcd in the t., the "Virginia Advocate" (whig), tlie 
" JefTL-rsonian Kepuhllcan" (dein.), and llie *' JcfTcraon 
Monument'' (lil.), all weekly. Tup. about 1.400. 

CiiAULOTTKviLi-i:, p. V., cicboharw CO., -V. Y.: 49 m, W. 
by S.Albany. I'op. 2.015. 

CiiAELTON, t. and p. o., Worcester c^., Maxs. : 49 m. W. 
by S. Boston. 

Charlton, t. and p. v., Saratoga co., JV. Y. : on Aclplass 
cr, of Mohawk r., 21 m. N. W, All>any. Pop. l,i)02. 

CuARLTON Df.pOt, p. o., "WorcL'stcr CO., M'is-1. : on tlic 
Western K. R.. 57 m. from Boston. 

CiiAKTiERS river, J'enn.: a small tributarj' of the Ohio r., 
wliich it joins 4 m. helow Tittsburg. It runs through the 
bituminous coal region of Washinglon co, 

CiiAUTiKiw, t. and p. o., Washinglon eo., Peiin.: on tho 
N. side Charticr'a er., 1S7 m. W. by S. llarrisburg. There 
is abundanec of coal in this locality, and on the cr. arc a 
large number of saw and gri(«t mills. 

CuASRViLLR, p. v., Murray co., Ga. : 1G3 ra. N. W. 
Millcdgevillc. 

CnAsiiviLLT;, p. v., Benton co., 7lj?m. ; on the W. side of 
Tennessee r., CO m. W. Nashville. 

CuATATY, p. v., Lradley co., Tenn.: 131 m. E. S. E. 
Nashville. 

CiiATEAUGAY, t. and p. v., Franklin co., ^11; on tho 
head tribut:iries of Chatcaugay r., 157 m. N. by W. Albany. 
The village lies on the Northern K. K., 45 ni. IVom liousc's 
Point, and 73 from Ogdensburg. Pop. 8,096. 

CiiATKAUGAY kiko, N. Y. .' this small laUc, which is 4 m. 
long, and about 2 m. wide, lies in lieekmantown, in Clinton 
CO, It abounds in fish, and has many scenes of beauty in 
its immediato neighborhood. Its surface \& elevated 1,400 
feet above the tidt* waters of Hudson r. 

Chateaugay mountains, X. Y. : a range of bills com- 
mencing in Canada, and extending southward tlirough the 
nortli-west part of t'linton into Fraidiiin county. Some of 
the highest peaks are in Franklin, near Chateaugay Lake. 

CcATFAUGAT river, iV'l }'. ; a stream flowing northward 
from Chateaugay Mountains into Canada, where it empties 
into the St. Lawrence Kiver. 

, Chatfiklo, t. and p. v., Crawford CO., Ohio : 84 m. N. 
Columbus. Pop. l,yr»6. 

CuATUAM county, Ga. Bituato S. E. on the Atlantic, be- 
tween Savannah and Ogeeehee rivers, and contains 420 sq. 
m. Surface very low, scarcely above sea level — near the 
coast broken into islands by numerous inlets and canals. 
Tho chief products are rice and cotton. Farms 182; mainif. 
18; dwell. 1,915, and pop.— wh. 0,161, fr. col. 722, si. 14.bl9 
— total 23,901. Capital: Savannah, l^ublic IKwrA^; Cen- 
tral Georgia R. R. 

Chatham county, N'. Car. Ritnato centr.illy, and con- 
tains 858 sq. m. Drained by Haw r. and its tributaries. 
Surface elevated and varli-d. Soils clayey, and productive 
in wheat, corn, cotton, and tobacco. Farms 1.683 ; maniif. 
48; dwell. 2,210, and pop.— wh. 12,164, fr. col. 300, si. 5,985 
— totallS,449. Cupitid: I'ittsbnro. 

Chatham, p. v., Sangamon co., PI.: near the line of the 
Alton and Sangamon R. R., 24 m. S. S. W. Springflt-ld. 

Chatham,!, and p. v., liarnslablc co., J/iim. ; on the S. E. 
point of Cape Cod, 73 m. S. E. IJoston. It hag a good har- 
bor, and an extensive coasting trade and fisheries. Salt is 
also manufactured. Pop. 2.467. 

Chatham, t., Middlesex co.. Conn.: on the Connecticut 
r., opposite Middletown, 16 m. S. Hartford. It has consider- 
able manufactures. Pop, 1,531. 

Chatham, t. and p. v.. Cu]und)ia CO., A^ 5'; on Kinder- 
hook cr., 16 m. S. E. Albany. Chatham Pour Corners, a 
village in the 8. part of the town, is an imprtrtant point, 
where several lines of R. R. intersect or ft)rm a union. 
Pop. 3,839. 

Chatham, t. and p. v., Morris co.,K Jer.: on the Pas- 
saic r, 39 m. N. N. E. Trenton. Tho river passes through 
the village. Pop. 2,409. 
118 



Chatham, p. v., Chester co., J'enn.: 63 m; E. S. E. 

Uiirrisburg. 

Chatham, p. v., Licking co., Ohio: near the N. fork of 
Licking r., 39 m. E. N. E. Columbus. 

Chatham Centrr, p. v., Columbia co., X. Y.: on the 
line of the Western R. R., 20 m. S. E. Albany. 

Chatham Ckntiii;, p. v., Medina co., Ohio: on the E. 
bmneh of IJlack r., 113 m. N. N. E. Columbus. 

Chat[iam Fol'r Cokntrs, p. v., Columbia co., 2^. Y. : on 
the S. part of the town of Chatham, 2:i m. S. E. Albany. 
It is a vilhige of great importance, being tho point of in- 
tersection of the Albany and West Stoekbridge R. R. 
(western), the Hudson and Berkshire R. R., and the Harlem 
Extension R. R., etc. 

Chatham Hill, p. o., Smyth eo., Virff. : 222 m. W. by S. 
Rii-hmond. 

('HATiiAM Run, p. 0., Clinton co., Penn. : 71 m. N. W. by 
N. Harrisl)urg. 

Chatham Valley, p. o.,Tioga co., P&nn. : 117 m. N. N.W. 
Harrisburg. 

CHATTAHnornKE, p. V., GadsdcH CO., J^loi'. : on tho E. 
side of Appalachicola r., immcdiatciy bolow the union of 
ChattahocK-hee and Flint rivers. 

Chattahoochke river, Ga. and Al<x.: it has its rise in 
the Appalaehee Mountain.^, and for a great part of its course 
forma tlie boundary line between Georgia and Alabama, 
forming ultimately the largest constituent of the Apj>alachi- 
eola r. Steamboats ascend it to Columbus, and boating is 
carried much farther up. 

("HATrANooGA, p. V., Hamilton co., Tenn. : on the S. bank 
of Tennessee r., 113 m. E. S. E. Nashvillo. At this point 
tlic Nashville and Chattanooga R. R. forms a junction with 
the Western and Atlantic R. R., 151 m. from Nashville, and 
311 from Angusta. A railroad is also In progress from 
iience to Charleston, on the East Tennessee and Georgia 
li. R. Tliia point, indeed, is destined to become the entre- 
pot of an inmonse inlantl connneree, reaching to the At- 
lantic sea-board on tho one Jmnd and beyond the Missis- 
sippi and Ohio on the other. Two newspapers are pub- 
lished weekly, lhe"C. Gazette" (whig), and the "C. Ad- 
verliser*' (dem.) Pop. about 3,000. 

Chattooga county, Ga. Situate N. W., and contains 
420 sq. ra. Drained by Cliattooga r., n brancli of Coosa r. 
Surface elevated, hilly, and rugged, and the soils generally 
indifferent — on the streams fertile. Wheat, corn, and cotton 
are tho chief products. Farms 419; manuf. 10; dwell. 869, 
and pop.— wh. 5,131, fr. col. 4, si. 1,6S0— total C,S15. Capir- 
t<il: Summerville, 

Chattoogaville, p. v., Chattooga co., Ga. : 14S m. N. W. 
Milledgeville. 

Chaumont, p. v., Jefferson co., K. Y.: at the head of 
Chaumont Pay, 149 m. N. W. Albany. It h.Ts unrivaKMl 
water-fiowcr an<] great farilities for lake commerce, its har- 
bor being spacious and of easy access. It is also celebrated 
tor its fislieries and for the quantity of blue limestone found 
in its vicinity. Tlie Capo Vincent R. R. passes through the 
village. S6 m. from Rome. Pop. about 100. 

Chaumont bay, X. Y.: a fine open l)ai(near the outlet 
of Lake Ontario. It is of an irregular shape, al>nut 7 m. 
lon^ and 3 m. wide, and receives Cliaumonl r. The fish- 
eries of tho bay are very valuable, and it abounds in all the 
descriptions found in the lake of wliich it is an arm. 

Chaumont river, K. Y.: this stream rises in Jefferson 
County, and flows almoBt directly south, to lis confluence 
with Chaumont Ray. It is only 15 or IG m. in length, but 
affords Hbundarice of hydraulic power. 

Chauxoky, p. v., Athens co.. Ohio : on tho N. side of 
Hocking r. and canal, 76 m. S. E. Columbus. 

Chautaitque county, A''. K Situate S. W. on Lake Erie, 
and contains l.(tl7 sq. m. Drained by Chautauque I^ake, 
and a large number of streams flnwintr to Atlrgliauy r. An 
elevated ridge traverst-s the county 4 or 5 m. distant from 
Lake Erie, forming the watershed. Surface finely varied. 



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an*l tlio soils, even to the hill-lops, open to euUivuIion. liof; 
iron, copperas, alum, marl, etc., abound, ami Iherc tro 
eiilptiur spi-iriLfi and a hydnt-jon spring, which at Kredonia, 
^Ve^.ttu■ld, and \'an liun-n Harbor, are used to illuininale — 
tlie fjaa hnrnini; equal to eoal gas. Farms .MfJIJ; nianuf. 
DIO; dwell. 9.074, and pop.— wh. 5ii.;J53, fr. col. l;i5"tot;d 
&U,49;i. Capital: Mayville. I'uhlic }\'ork6-: New York 
and Erie K. K.,and BulTalo and Stale Lino Ji. ll. 

CiiAUTAugrE Valley, p. o., Alleghany co., iV. >'. ; 213 
m. ^X. S. W. Albany. 

CnAUTAL'QCEhike, JV". K; a most beauliful slieetitf water 
in ihe counly of the same name. It is ly ni. in length, 
and varies in breadth (Voin 1 to 3 m., except near the nnd- 
dle, where it contracts to a few rods in widlh. It empties 
into Conewango cr. lis elevation is 7'2(! feet above the sur- 
face of Lake Krie, and 1,'291 above the ocean, being the 
most elevated lake in the Union on which sleaniboafs ply. 

CHAUTAL'tiUE rivcr, iV. i'.; a tributary of Lake Krie, 
from the counly of tho eamo name. It flows tlirough a 
deep ravine, and in its course furnishes excellent mill sites 

Chazy, t. and p. v., Clinton co., A'] Y. : on (.'liazy r., 14(> 
m. N. Ali)any. The village is situate aliout ii m. W. of 
Lake Chnmijlain, on which is also a village called Chazy 
Landing. Top. 4,:3-2-l. 

CiiKAP Valley, p. o., Henry co., Ten?!. : HO ni. W. by N. 
Kasliville. 

C'uFAT BniDGK, p. o., Preslou CO., Yirg.: on Cheat r., 
1S2 in. N. \V. Kiehmond. 

CuF.AT river, Virg. : a large tributary of Monongahela r., 
from Ihe mountain region of Kandolph eo. 

CiiKitoYGAN county, Mich. 8ituate N. of Lower Penin- 
sula, and contains 324 sq. m. Krccted since ISDO. 

CuEUOYQAN river, Mich.: the largest stream in the N. 
part of the peninsula. It rises N. W. of Haginaw B.-iy, 
flows in a N. direction, and emplies into the slraits of 
Mackinac, opposite liois Blanc Island. Tlierc are uumer- 
rous salt 8i)rings 12 or 15 m. from ils moulh. 

CnECKEUiU) UousK, p. 0., Oswego co., N. Y. (now 
Kasoau). 

('iiF.cKsviLLK, p. v., Marion co., Tcnn. : on the W. side 
of Sequatehy r,, 94 m. 9. K. Nashville. 

CuECKTOWAGA, p. V., Kric cjo., K. Y. : 24G m. W. All>any. 

Chkesecjuakes, p. 0., Middlesex co., N. Jcr. : 34 m. N. K. 
Trenton. 

Cnr-uALKsr, p. o., Yam Tlill co., Oreg. Tor,: on a r. of 
tlie same name, 2S m. N. by W. Salem. 

C'liEUALi'iM river, Oreg. : a large r. from the E., formed 
by the union of the Skukumchuck and Nowaukum rivers, 
and falling into Gray*8 Harbor. 

CiiELMaroiip, t. and p. v., Middlesex co., Mu-f.^.: on the 
S. side of Merrimac r., %l m. N. W. Boston. The town 
nbounds in granitv^ and limestone, and has several manu- 
factures, among which are tliose of glass and iron. The 
Middlesex Canal passes through the town, and it has sev- 
eral railroads on its borders, connecting it with the towns 
on nil sides. Lowell was taken from Chelmsford in l:^24. 
Pop. 2,00S. 

CiB-LSEA, p. v., Mill CO., 171. : 143 m. N. E. Springfield. 

CnF.i^EA, p. v., "Washtt-naw co., M/c/i.: 02 m. S. E. 
Lansing. 

Cheij^ea, t and p. v., Suffolk oo., ^fasn. : .1 m. N. K. 
Boston. The Easlern li. II. passes through tlie town. It 
may be considen-d as a part of Ihe Boston metropolitan 
district. It has considerable manufactures, and is on the 
whole a busy place. Chelsea has two newspajiers, th(! 
'•Telegrapli" (whig), and the "Pioneer" — both published 
weekly. I'op. 0,701— in lH40 it had only a pop. of 2.31)0. 

Cnri„SEA, t.. p.v., and cap. Orange eo., Veri/>. : on a branch 
of ^Vh^te r.. 22 m. S. by ]■:. Montpelier. The village enn- 
tiin« the county buildinga and about 80 dwellings. Pop. 
1.%?. 

CnE.Mi'sc counly, A\ K Situate P. W. middle, and eon- 
tains 52S sq. m. Drained chiefly by Chemung r. and it:; 



tributary streams. Surface broken, hilly, and well limbered, 
wilh large river flats. Soils verj-produclive. Farms 2,170; 
manul". 321 ; dwell. 5,095, and pup.— wh. 28,537, fr. col. 2*4 
— btlal 2S,82I. Oipitid: Elmira. Puhlic M'nrk:-i: Che- 
mung Canal; New York and Erio 11. It.; Elmu-a and 
Williamsjiort li. 11., etc. 

CnitMi.Na, p. v., M'Htsiry co., ///. ; on the M. side of 
Piskashaw cr., ISG m. N. N. E. Springfleld. 

CuEJiuNG. t. and p. v., Chemung co., N. Y.: on the N. 
side of Ihe Chenumg r., 143 m. "W. S. W. Albany. The New 
York and I'rie U. li. inlerseets the village 270 m. from New 
York and lliy from Dunkirk. l*up. 2,(>72. 

CuFJdU.NO river, X. )'. ; formed by the junction of Cos- 
choetou and Tioga rivers, in Steuben county, whence it 
flows in a 8. I!, direction through Chemung county and 
into tlie State of Pennsylvania, where it emplies into the 
Sus<iriehauna :it the village of Athens. Its wli">le length Ja 
about 40 m., and in high flood its volume is sufllfient to 
float down timber and produce to nuirkel. It is also used 
!Ls the main feeder of th<' Chemung Canal. 

Chenango county, A^ }"; Situato W. centrally, and con- 
tains 7l'2 sq. m. Drained by Chi-nango and I'liadilla 
rivers and their tributary streams. Surface broken and 
liilly, but there are extensive and rich valleys, productive 
of all kinds of grain. Farms 4,-IOfi; manuf. 501 ; dwell. 
7,572, and pop.— \vh. 40,051, fr. Ci«1.2S0— lolal 40,311. Cajj- 
ftiil: Norwich. J'ltf'fic H'w/.-« ; C'henango Canal, and 
rUea and l>inghami)tiiu U. li. (projecled). 

Cmenasgo, t. and p. o., Lawn-nce co., Ptvu.: on the 
N. E. side of Beaver r., Iil3 m. W. by N. IIarri»l)urg. Pop. 
1,022. 

CniasANOo FoKKS, p. v., Broome co., iV. Y.: at the 
junction of the Clu-nango and Tioughninga rivirs, and on 
the line of Hie Chenang<i Canal, los in. \\\ S. W. Albany. 
It has considerable jidvaniages for internal Iradt-, I'tc. I'op, 
about 4UU. Pop. of Oienango I, S,734. 

CuENASGo river, N. Y.: an important tribuhiry of Ihe 
Susquehanna r., wliich it joins at Binghamiiiun, in Brt'nrne 
County. Its course is from Madison and Oneida counties, 
through Chenango and Broome counlies for ab<iut 75 m., 
and upon its banks arc many flourishing villages. Tliia 
river is navigable for bi»at.t and r;ifts 50 m. .ibov*- its mouth, 
luid is used to a considerable extent to feed the Chanango 
Canal, which runs nearly parallel with it through its whole 
course. 

Cuent.y's Grotk, p. o., M'Lean co., Jll. : on a head 
stream of tho N. fork of Sangamon r., 72 m. N. E. Spring- 
fleld. 

CnENEYVTT.i.E, p. V.. Papidi-s par., /-(;.: on the S. side of 
Bayou Teebf, Si m. N. ^V. Balun llnuge. 

CnENiNoo, p. v., r'onlan<l eo., A'. >'. .* 114 m. "VV. by S. 
Albany. 

CuENunA. p. v., Lee co., Ga. : 117 m. 9. W. Miltedgeville. 

CiiEonKK (Keowee), p. v., Pieken's dist., *S'. Ctir.: on a r. 
80 eallid, 127 m. N. AY. C<thunbia, 

Chei'Acuf.t, p. v., i'rovideneo co., H. I. : on the r. so 
called, 14 m. W. by N. Providence. 

CiiEQUiST, p. 0., Davis CO., Ja.: on Chcquist cr. of Des 
Moines r., 71 m. S. \V. Iowa City. 

CuEitAW, p. v., Chesterfleld dist..,*^. Oir.: on the W. side 
of Creat Pedee r., SO m. N. E. Columbia. The r. is navi- 
gable U> this point, and a greattrade in cotton centres here. 
Tlie " C. Gazette" (dcm.) ia issued weekly. Po]). 1.350. 

CiiEitoKEE county, Ala. Situate N. E., near Stale line, 
and contains 750 sq. m. Drained by Coosa r. and its tribu- 
taries. Surface generally uneven and rougii— in ihe W. 
hilly or mountainous. Cold is found at the base of the 
mountains. The soils are difllcult of culture, and in flov- 
eral parts sterile. Corn and cotton arc the staph- growths. 
Farms 1.12G; manuf. 15: dwell. 2,089, and pop.— wh. 12,170, 
Tr. col. 23, si. l.GOl— total 13,S^. Capital: Jefl-.-rson. 

CuEnoKEE county. Ca. Situate K. W. centrally, and 
contains 52S aq. m. Drained by Etowah r. and its creeks. 

no 



CHE 



CHE 



Surface elevalcd, hilly, and broken. Soils iiwlifferi-nt, except 
on the rivers, where t!H-*y are very prnduelive. Wheat and 
Indian corn arc largely grown— euHon in small quantities. 
Farms l,OiiO; manuI'.S; dwell. 1,970, and pup.— wh. 11,G29, 
fr. col. 14, si. 1,157— total 12,SU0. Capit^al : Canton. 

Cderokee county, la. Situate W., and contains 576 sq. 
m. Ta-ken from I'ottowattomee in ISol. 

Cherokee county, jV. Car. Situate S. "W. comer, and 
contains 1.200 sq. m. Drained by the head waters of Iliwas- 
see and Tennessee rivera. Surface elevated and hilly— on 
the N.W. and E. mountainous. Iron, gold, lead, and silver, 
also marblea of various hues and textures are found here. 
Soils excellent — on the hills producing fine grasses, and 
near tlie streams the several grains. Farms 459; manuf. 
6 ; dwell. 1,020, and pop.— \vh. (j,493, fr. col. 8, si. 337— total 
6,S3S. Capital : Murphey. 

CnEEOKEE county, Ttw. Situate E. eenlrally between 
Keches and Angelina rivers, and contains about 740 sq, 
m. Drained by numerous tributaries of llie border streams. 
Surface elevated, with a water.*.hcd running transversely 
N.W. and S. E. through the K. part of the county. Prairie 
predominates, but timber lines all the rivers. Farms 454; 
manuf. 8 ; dwell. 891, and pop.— wh. 5)3S9, fr. col. 1, si. 
1,2S3— total 6,673. Capital : Eusk. 

CnKitOKEE Natios, Ind. Ter. Situate between lat. 36^^ 10' 
and 370 02' N., and extending from the Arkansas boundary 
to long. 100° W., or about five degrees, and containing 
about 16,000 sq. m. It is a fine agricultural country, pro- 
ducing in abundance all the necessaries of subsistence, and 
is well watered by the Arkansas Eiver and its numerous 
and wide-spreading arms. The Cherokees number about 
2S,000 souls, and are, perhaps, more advanced in civilization 
than any others of the immigrant tribes. They have large 
cultivated settlements, comfortable houses, numerous herds 
of cattle and sheep, and many fine horses, for which their 
extensive prairies afford an ample subsistance. They also 
manufacture salt from brine springs which exist extensively 
in their country, and to a considerable extent manufacture 
their own clothing and such agricultural implements, etc., 
as their necessities demand. They bavo of late years 
exported much of their surplus products, bringing it down 
the rivers to New Orleans. The government of the Chero- 
kees is based on a written constitution, and is republican in 
form. They have an elective chief or governor, a general 
council, elected annually, and consisting of an upper and 
lower house, similar to the Senate and House of Kepresent- 
atives of the United States, and a judiciary, observing all 
the legal forms prescribed by the legislature. In fact, all 
tlie operations of the government are similar to those of 
other enlightened communities. They have adopted the 
English language to a great extent, and in their dress follow 
Ihe fashions of Paris and New Tork. The United States 
supplies them with blacksmiths, wheelwrights, and wagon- 
makers, to teach them those useful mechanic trades; and 
they also receive a large annuity from the General Govern- 
ment on account of their lands east of the Mississippi Eiver. 
Numerous missionaries are settled among them, and have 
been very successful in their endeavors to civilize and 
Christianize them ; and their schools and churches are such 
as any enlightened nation might be proud of— more effi- 
cient, indeed, than several of the Slates of our Union can 
boast of; and their public press is not inferior to that of 
Arkansas either in talent or respectability. 

CuEROKEE Heiguts, p. 0., Abbcvillc dist., S. Car. : 97 m. 
W. Columbia. 

Cherokee Iron Woeks, p. o., York dist., S. Car.: 82 
m. N. Columbia. 

CnERHT, t. and p. o., Sullivan co., Ptun. : 91 m. N.N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Cheery Creek,!, ami p. v., Chautauquo co., 2^. T.: on 
Conewango cr., 268 m. W. by S. Albany. 

Cherry Creek, p. o., Pontotec CO., J/wJ. : 146 m. N. N. E. 
Jackson. 

120 



CuERUY Flat, p. o., Itutherford co., Tenn. : 39 m. S. E. 
Nashville. 

Cherry Flats, p. o., Tioga co., Pcnn. : 197 m. N. by VT, 
llarrisburg. 

Chekky Grove, p. o., Schuyler co.. Mo. : on tho S. side 
of Middle Fabius cr., 136 m. N. Jefferson CKy. 

Cherbv Grove, p. o., Carroll co., ///. ; on the Galena and 
Dixon turnpiko, 162 ra. N. by W. Springfield. 

Cherry Hill, p. o., Brooke co., Virg. : 253 m. N. W. 
Eiehniond. 

Chekky Hill, p. v., Cecil co., MO. : on the W. side of 
North-East r., 4 m. N. o^' Klkton, and 57 N. E. Annapolis. 
It has a Methodist church, a school-house, 2 or 3 stores, 22 
dwellings, and about 100 inhabitants. The neighborhood 
is thickly settled, and within a circuit of 2 miles there arc 5 
paper mills, 4 grist mills, a rolling mill, and 2 cotton facto 
rifs, one of which employs 100 hands. 

Chekrt Hill, p. o., Washington co., Wise. 

Cherry Hill, p. o., Chickasaw co., Miss.: 123 m. N. E. 
Jackson. 

Cherry Hill, p. o., Erie co., Pervn. : 208 m. W. N. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Cherry Laice, p. o., Madison co., Flor. : 54 m. E. by N. 
Tallahassee. 

Cherry Mills, p. o., Sullivan co.y Ptmii.: 92 m. N.N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Cherry Eidge, p. o., Wayne co., Perm. : 123 m. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Cheery Eidge, p. o., Union par., La.: 194 in. N. W. by 
N. Baton Eougo. 

Cheery Stone (formerly Hl'stixgton), p. v., Northamp- 
ton CO., Virff. 

Cheery Tree, t. and p. o., "Venango CO., Penn, : 187 m. 
W. N. W. Harrisburg. 

Cherry Valley, t. and p. v., Otsego co., 2r. T. : on 
Cherry Valley cr. of Susquelianna r., S3 m. W. Albany. 
There is published in the v. the "C. V. Gazette," a weekly 
newspaper. The Great Western Turnpike passes through 
the t., 54 m. from Albany, Pop. 4,206. 

Cherry Valley, p. o., Boone co., HI. : on the W. side 
of Beaver cr. of Kishwaukee r., 163 m. N. by E. Spring- 
field. The Galena and Chicago Union E. E. intersects the 
V. 85 m. from Chicago. 

Cherry Valley, p. o., Wilson co., Ttmii. : 41 in. E. 
Nashville. 

Cherry Valley, t. and p. o., Ashtabula co., 07Uo : on 
Pymatuning cr. 197 m. N. E. Columbus. Pop. S39. 

Cherryville, p. v., Northampton co., Penn. : 91 m, 
E. N. E. llarrisburg. 

Cherrytille, p. v., Haywood co., Te)m. : on tho S. 
branch of Forked Deer cr. of the Mississippi, 132 m. AV. by 
S. Nasliville. 

Cherryville, p. v., Hunterdon CO., 2T. Jer. : 39 m. N. by 
W. Trenton. 

Chesapeake, p. v,, Lawrence co., Mo. : 137 m. S. W. 
Jefferson City. 

Chesapeake City, p. v., Cecil co., Md.: at tho conflu- 
ence of Broad cr. and Back cr. of Elk r., 51 m. N. E. Annap- 
olis. The Chesapeake and Delaware Canai has its W. 
terminus at this point. 

Chesapeake bay, Md. and Yirg.: is the largest arm of 
the sea within the limits of the Union. Its entrance is 
between Cape Charles and Cape Henry, in Virginia, 12 m. 
apart, and it extends inland 270 ra., dividing ^(aryland into 
two unequal parts (and Ihe lower part of tlie peninsula from 
tho main body of Virginia). It is from 7 to 2it m. broad, 
and generally as much iis 9 fathoms deep. This great bay 
affords many eonnnodious harbors, and a safe and easy 
navigation. Numerous fine rivers emi>ty into it — the Sus- 
quehanna, at its northrTH termination, and the Potomac 
and James on its W. side; and besides these, it receives the 
waters of the Eappahannock, tlit* Patuxent, Ihe Patapsco, 
tho Chester, tlio Elk, the Choptank, tho Nanticoke, aud 



CHE 



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numerous othors. Tiie area draim-d by ilicsc, its Irilmln- 
ries. has been csllmalod at 7'2,000 sq. m. Baltimore is the 
chief eommereial eity within its eireiiit. but there are many 
others of minor iTnportance which depend upon its waters 
for an outlet to Iho ocean. The fisheries of the Chesapeake 
are of immense vahic to the inhabitants of its shores, 

CuKsHEK's Stoke, p. c, Anderson co., Ktj. : IS m. S, "W. 
Frankfort. 

CnEsmitE county, 3^ Ramp. Situate S. "W. comer, and 
contains 4IjO sq. m. Drained centrally and W. by Ashnelot 
and other creeks of Connecticut r., which forms its W. bor- 
der, and by Contoocook r. in the E. sections. Surface 
beautifully varied with hills and vales. Graml Monadnock, 
8,71S fwt high, lies in S. W. Farms 2,805: manuf. 877; 
dwell. r.,.S02, and pop.— wh, ;?0,117, fr. col. 27— lolal 30,144. 
Co2nt<tl: Keene. F^ubliG Works: Cheshire li. R., Ashue- 
lot K. K., etc. 

CnEsniuE, t. and p. t., ■N<'W Haven co., A>j/». .■ on Quin- 
nipiak r., 22 m. S. by W. Hartford. The v. is the seat of an 
Episcopal academy, and is intersected by the Xe\v Haven 
and Norlhampton It. K., 16 m. from New Haven. Pop. l.f;27. 

CuKsniEE, t. and p. v.*, Berkshire co,, Mass. : on Hoosie 
r., 110 m. W. by N. Bo.'^ton. Leather, boots, shoes, and 
glass are its chief rnannfaeturcs, and it is noted for its tine 
cheese. The Pittsfield and Korth Adams It. K. passes 
through it Pop. 1,2'J7, 

CnESuiRE, p. v., Ontario co., A^ T. : on a cr. of Cnnau- 
daigua Lake, 174 m. W. All>any. 

CuEsniRE, t. and p. v., Gallia eo., OMo: on the N. W. 
side of tlie Ohio r., luO m. S. S. E. Columbus. Pop. 1,410. 

CuESNDT Blufb"S, p. 0., Dycr co., Term. : on the E. s[<ie 
of the S. branch of Eorked Deer cr., 141 m. "W. by S. 
Nashville. 

Chesnut Creek, p. c, Autaxiga co., Ala. : on the cr. so 
called of Coosa r,, 31 m. N. by W. Montgomery. 

Chesnut Flat, p. o,, Walker co., Ga. : V60 m. N. W. 
MiUedgeville. 

Chesnut Geote, p. o., Shelby co., Ktj. : 23 m. W. by N. 
Frankfort. 

CiTEsxuT Geote, P.O., Lycoming co.,PeHW.; 73 ni.N.by 
"W. Harrisburg. 

CnESKUT Geote, p. o., Chester dist,, S. Car. : 56 m. N. 
Columbia. 

CiiJESNUT Geove, p. o., Da\idson co,, Ttim.: 13 m. W. 
Nashville. 

Chesnut Grovt;, p. o., Pittsylvania co., Virg.: 1'23 m. 
W. S, "W. Eichmond, 

Chesnut Hilx, p. o., Perry co., Ala.: G2 m. W. N. W. 
Montgomerj'. 

Chesnut Hill, p. o., Calvert co., MiK : 22 m. S. by "W". 
Annapolis. 

Chesnut Hill, p. o.. Hall co., Ga. : S4 m. K N. "W. 
Milled geville. 

Chesnut Hill, p. o., 'Walton co., Flor.: 126 m. W. by 
N. Tallahassee. 

Chesmtt Hill, p. o., Washington co., ImK: S3 m. S. 
Indiana poll 3. 

Chesnut Hill, p. o,, Strafford co., A' Ift/tnp. : 83 m. E. 
Concord. 

CiiESNUT Hill, p. o., Pliiladelphia co., />??«.,• 9 m. W. 
Philadelphia, and S5 m. E. Harrisburg. It is a highly 
healthy situation, and is resorted to by the I'hiladclphians 
in the anmmer season for recreation. 

Chesnut Level, p. o., Lancaster co., Penn. : 47 m. S. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Chesnut Kidge, p. o., Duchess co., A^. Y. : 6S m. S. by E. 
Albany. 

Cheknut ItiDGE, p. <)., Lincoln co., Ttnri.: 71 m, S. 
Nashville. 

Chesnut Ridge, p. o.. Union co., Pejin. : 43 m. N. by W. 
Harrisburg. 

Chess Spri>-g3, p. o., Cambria co., Penn.: 109 ra. W. 
Harrisburg. 



Chest, t. and \\ o., Clearfield co.. Penn.: on the W 
brancli of the Susquehanna r., lf)8 ni, N. W. Harrisburg, 

CiiMsTEE county, Penn. Situate S. E., and contains 793 
sq, HI. Drained by Erandywine, Elk, Chester, and other 
creeks. Surface to the E. level or rolling— to the W. hilly 
and even mountainous. Soils generally fertile, producing 
large crops of grain. Farms 4,8-35; manuf. l.usC. ; dwell. 
11,5S(), and pop.— wh. 01,209, fr. col. 5,229— total 0(1.43^ 
Cfyjifa^.* West Chester. Ptihlic Works: Philadelphia and 
Columbia R. R.; West Chester Branch E. H. ; and a pro- 
posed R. R. from West Chester direct to Baltimore. 

Chester district, S. Car. Situate N., between Broad r. 
and the Wateree, and contains 4S0 sq. m. Drained by the 
tribuUiries of those rivers. Surface pleasantly diversified by 
hill and dale, and the soils of middling quality. The staples 
are Indian corn and cotton. Farms S44; mainif. 50: dwell. 
1,541, and pop.— wh. 8,005, fr. col. 146, si. 9,SS7— total 1S,03S. 
Capital: Chester. 

Chester, t and p. v., Middlesex co., Conn.: on the E. 
side of Connecticut r., 27 ni. S, by E. Hartf'ml. The t. is 
drained by Deep and other creeks, and has a small lake in 
its N. part, whieli gives it consiilerable hydraulic power. The 
V. is a neat and flourishing place, with some manufactures. 
Pop. 992. 

Chester, t. and p. c, Dodge co., Wise. : 72 m. N. E. 
Madison. Pop. S29, 

Chester, p. v., Gwinnett CO., Ga.: 73 m. N.W. ^Milledge- 
rille. 

Chester, p. v., Wayne co., I/id.: 60 m. E. by N. Indian- 
apolis. 

Chester, p. v., and cap. Randolph co,, III. : on the Mis- 
sissippi r., immc<liately below the mouth of Kaskaskia r,, 
132 m. S. Springfield. It is a place of commercial import- 
ance, and the dep6t for the trade of an extensive back 
country. Tlie v. is located on an elevated bottom at the 
foot of the bluffs, and has a gixid landing for steamlioats. 
The '* Chester Herald" is published weekly. Pop. about 
1,300. 

Chester, t. and p. v.. Hampden co., Mass. : on brandies 
of Decrfiehl r., s9 m. W. Boston. It has some wool and 
cottfin manufactures. The Western R. 11. passes through 
llie t. 119 m. from Boston, and SI from Albany. Pop. 
1,5'Jl- 

Chester, t. and p. o., Eaton co., Jfidi. : on the Big fork 
of Thomapple r,. IS m. W. S. W. Lansing. Pop. tiSO. 

Chester, t, and p. v., Rockingham co., A'. I/ump.: on a 
branch of Exeter r., 22 m. S. S, lit. Concord. Mass.-ibesic 
Poii'I, in tlve N.W. of the f., covers 1,500 acres. The v. is a 
place of considerable business. Pop. 1,301. 

Chestee, t. and p. v., Morris eo., A', tfer.: on Bl.iek r., 
and several tributaries of the W. bank of the Raritau r.. 33 
m. N.Trenton. The v. extends along the base of an isolated 
hill fur more than a mile. Pop, 1.3;>4. 

Chrsteh, p, v.. Grange co., A1 i' .• on the line of the New 
York and Erie R. R., 89 m. S. by W. Albany. The New- 
burg Branch R. E. diverges in this 1, from the trunk line. 
Chester Village has long been known as a great live-stock 
market. Pop. 1,642. 

Cuester, t. and p. v., Meigs co., Ohio: 106 m. S, E- 
Columbus. The v. is situate on Shade r., a tributary uf the 
Ohio. Pop. of V. 190, and of t 1,600. 

Chester, p. v., and cap. Delaware co., Pemt.: on the 
W. side of Delaware r., 84 ra. E. by S, Harrisburg, U is Ihe 
oldest V, in the State, having been foun<led long before 
Penn obtained his charter, and was, until 17ol, calk-d Up- 
land. It contaiiw the co, buildings, an Alheiucum. and the 
dwellings are chiefly of brick or stone. Some of the original 
houses are still standing. The Philadelphia, Wtlmington, 
and Baltimore R. E. passes through the v., 15 m. from 
Philadelphia. It has three newspapers, the ''Delaware 
County Republican" (whig), the^rpland Union"' (dem.), 
and the "C. Herald" (neutral), all pubhshed weekly. Pop. 
2,097. 

121 



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CHI 



Chester, p. v., and cap. Cliester dist, *.S'. C<u\: between 
Broud and Watercc rivers, 59 m. N. by W. Culumbia. 

Chesteo, p. v., Gibson co., Tenn. : 113 m. W. by S. 
Nasliville. 

Chester, t. and p. o., "Windsor co., Verm. : on 'Williams 
r. of the Cunueeticut, S2 m. S. by E. Montpelier. The liut- 
land atid Burlington K. 11. intersects the v.. 14 m. from 
Bellow's Falls, and 106 m. from Burlinjrton. Pop. 2,0DS. 

Chester river. Pel. and J/(/. ; a considerable stream of 
the eastern shore of Maryland, rising in Delaware, and 
flowing nearly S. W., dividing in its course the counties of 
Queen Anne and Kent, and falling into a large cstunry of 
Chesapeake Bay. between Swan Point and Love Point. It 
is navigable to Charlestown, 30 miles. 

Chester Cross Eoads, p. o., Geauga co., Ohio: 165 m. 
N, E. Columbus. 

CmsTER Factories, p. o., Hampden co., Mass. : on the 
line of the Western R. K., 1-2G m. from Boston. 

CnxsTERFiELD district, ,S. Car. Situate N. E , between 
Great Pedee r. and Ljiich's cr., and contains 560 sq. m. 
Drained by creeks flowing to the limitary streams. Surface 
fiat or rolling; and soils, except on the streams, sandy and 
of inferior fertility. The staples are Indian corn and cotton. 
Farms 54S ; manuf. S2 ; dwell. 1,263, and pop.— wh. 6.673, 
fr. col. 21S, 8l. 3,894~total 10,790. Capital : Chesterfield. 

Chesterfield county, Virg. Situate S. E., between the 
forks of James and Appomattox rivers, and contains 4^>G 
sq. m. Swift cr. and other streams drain the interior. 
Surface somewhat broken, but soils of average fertility, pro- 
ducing wheat, Indian com, oats, and tobacco. There are 
valuable coal mines in the county. Farms 5G4 ; manu f. 30 ; 
dwell. 1,757, and pop.— wh. 8.-105, fr. col. 468, si. 8,616— 
total 17,489. Capital: Chesterfield C. II. ruUio Works: 
Petersburg R. R. ; Clover Hill R. R., etc. 

CnESTERFiKLD, p. V., Kcw Loudon CO., Conn. : on the E. 
Aide of a cr. of Niantic r., 33 m. S. by E. Hartford. 

Chesterfield, p. v., Madison co., Imf. : on the S. side 
of the W. fork of While r., 39 m. N. E. Indianapolis. 

Chesterfield, p. v.. Macoupin co., IIJ. : on the N. side 
of Macoupin cr., and between it and Eock cr., 47 m. S. S. W. 
Springfield. 

Chesterfield, p. v., Grundy co., Tenn. : 73 m. S. E. 
Nashville. 

CnESTERFiELD, t, BurlingtoH CO., JV. Jcr. : on Cross- 
wick's and Black creeks of Delaware r.,whieh bounds it on 
the "W. Pop. 4,514. 

Chestebfield, p. v., Madison par., Za. ; 149 m. N. Baton 
Eougc. 

Chesterfield, t and p. v., Hampshire co., Sfaas. : on a 
branch of Westfleld r., 91 m. W. Boston. Pop. 1,014. 

Chesterfield, t, and p. v., Cheshire co., N. Hamp. ; on 
the E. side of Connecticut r., opposite Brattleboro', 49 m. 
S. "W. Concord. Spafford Lake, in the centre of the t., 
covers 526 acres, and empties into the Connecticut. The v. 
baa a flourishing academj-, founded in 1794. Pop. 1,6S0. 

Chesterfield, t. and p. v., Fullrin co., Ohio: on the E. 
side of Tiffin r., and on the N. State line, 104 m. N. N. "W. 
Columbus. Pop. 53S. 

Chesterfield C. H.. p. v., and cap. Chesterfield co., Yirg. : 
on the N. fork of Swift cr., 13 m. S. "W. Richmond. 

Chesterfield C. II., p. v., and cap. Chesterfield dist., S. 
Car, : on the 8. W. side of Thompson's cr. of the Great 
Pedee r., 97 m. N. N. E. Columbia. 

Chesterfield Factory, p. o., Cheshire co., M. Jlamip. : 
51 m. S. W. Concord. 

CrresTER Hill, p. o., Morgan co., Ohio: 62 m. E. S. E. 
Columbus. 

CuESTER Bprings. p. V., Chcstcf CO., 7V"«. .- 63 m. E. by 
B. Harrisbnrg. A watering place frequently resorted to by 
eummer visitors. 

CuESTERTOWN', p. V., port, and cap. Kent co., Md. : on a 
fine and open plain on the N. W. side of Chester r.. 30 m. 
above its confluence with Chesapeake Bay, 31 in. N. E. 
122 



Annapolis. The v. contains the C. H., the county prison, 1 
Episcopal and 3 Melhodist churches, a bank, and market- 
house. It is the seal of Washington College, a branch of 
the University of Maryland, and it has also an academy, 
a ladies' boarding-school, and 2 primary schools. The 
*' Kent News" is issued weekly. The government of the v. 
is vested in 7 police commissioners, eliHJted annually. Sev- 
eral steamboats and sloops ply regularly to and from Balti- 
more, and many of the inhabitants are employed in the bay 
fisheries. It was formerly a port of entry. Houses 200, and 
pop. 1,295. 

Chestertown, p. v., "Warren co., Al T. : between Hudson 
r. and Schroon r., CO m. N. Albany. Schroon Lake lies on 
the N. E. border of Chester t., and there are several small 
lakes within it, abounding in trout. Pop. oft. 1,S5U. 

CuESTEfR Village, p. v., Hampden co., Mass. : on the 
line of the Western R. R., 119 m. from Boston, and SI from 
Albany. It has some manufactures. 

Cuesterville, t. and p. o., Franklhi co., Jfe. : on "Wil- 
son's cr. of Sandy r. of the Kennebec, 17 m. N. W. Augusta. 
Pop. 1,142. 

Chesterville, p. v., Chester co., Penn. : 63 m. E. by S. 
Harrisburg. 

Chesteevllle, p. v., Morrow co., Ohio: ^ m. N. E. 
Columbus. 

Cuesterville, p. v., Kent co., Md. : in the N. part of the 
CO., 53 m. N. E. Annapolis. 

Chesuncook lake, Me. : a large sheet of water in Piscat- 
aquis CO., and through which the Penobscot r. passes. It 
receives the Kahkoguamook and Umbazookskus rivers. 
This lake is about 25 m. long and 3 m. wide, and ils central 
point is about 130m.W\ N.W. Augusta. The country neigh- 
boring on the lake is very fertile and highly picturesque. 

Chetlmaches lake, La. : lies between Atehafalaya and 
Tech§ rivers, and receives its waters from the former at 
high water, discharging them at all seasons into it again, 15 
m. above its entrance to ihe Gulf. It is 40 ra. long, and 
from 1 to 6 wide, shallow, and surrounded by a low, marshy 
country, which is annually overflowed. 

Cheviot, p. v., Hamilton co., Ohio : 123 m. S. Vf. 
Columbus. 

Chew's liANDiNG, p. v., Camden co., N, Jev. : on the N. 
side of Big Timber cr., 32 m. S. S. E. Trenton. The v. has 
considerable trade in wood and lumber. 

CiTEwsviLi.E, p. v., Washington co., Md. : 79 m. N. W. 
by W. Annapolis. 

Chicago, post city, port of entry, and cap. Cook co., 
JU.: at the moulh of Chicago r., on Lake Michig.an. 1S3 
m. N. N. E. Springfield. Lat. 4-2° 52' 20" N., and long. 
87° 35' W. The main body of the r. sets back about 2 
m. into the city, then divides into two branches, both of 
whieh have a pretty uniform depth of 13 to 15 feet, all 
making a commodious and almost unlimiled harbor for 
an immense amount of shipping which continually comes 
to, and goes from, this point. The city borders on a 
wide, rieh, and beautiftU prairie, extending in dilferent 
directions for many miles, and which is handsomely diver- 
sified by groves and strips of limber springing up at intervals 
along the banks on the lake shore, furnishing a diversified 
picture, which is greatly enhaneed by gardens and villas, 
which, mixing wilh the scene, make it one of enchanting 
loveliness. Tliough the site is very low anil level, scarcely 
five feet above the lake, there are no marshes or wet lands 
about the place, and Ihe lake winds, by constantly agitating 
the waters, much like the tidal jferturbations of sea-board 
rivers, have a good eflect in ])romoting cleanliness and 
health to so large a city. 

Chicago is one of the most substantial cities of the Great 
West. It extends along the lake shore for about a mile, 
and inland beyond the bifurcations of the river. The bar at 
the entrance has been nuich reduced, and piers have been 
extended into the lake toprcvcntaccinnulationsof sand and 
drIfL The depth is now sufficient, indeed, for the adraissloa 



CHI 



cm 



of the largest lake craft and steamers. MDwaukie is the 
only city of the West that has progressed at a more rapid 
rate ivithia the past ten years. In lS:iO Chicago was a 
mere trading post, and in 1&40 it had only 4,470 inhabilanl.s. 
In ISoO its population amotmted to 29.9i)3, being an in- 
crease of 25,493 within the decade, or at the rate of 570.31 
per centum. Tlie increase of Milwaukie, within the same 
period, was at the rate of 1,071. 7S per centum ; of ;>L Louis, 
of 372.76; and of Cincinnati, of 149.11 per centum. Such 
facts are sufficient to show its present importance and its 
future prospects, which are attributable no less to the energy 
of the citizens of the place in prosecuting great pid>Iic works, 
than to its position in relation to the route of travel, east and 
west. Fronting on the lake, it has direct shipping connection 
with all the porta of tlie States of the Union, north and 
west, and with Canada : and by means of the extensive 
lines of internal improvement, its commerce reaches from 
the Atlantic sea-board to the banks of the Mississippi. On 
all these great lines of travel and trade its commerce is brisk 
and ever increasing. 

The internal improvements dlrccUy connecting Chicago 
with the great marts of commerce are, the Illinois and 
Michigan Can.il, 100 miles long, which extends from the 
lake to the Illinois River at La Salle, and opens to the port 
the wide river country of the South and West, forming an 
outlet for the rich products of Kentucky, Missouri, Iowa, 
and Ihinois, by the lakes ; two lines of railroad round the 
bend of Lake Michigan, thence continuous to the sea-boar«l 
at Boston and New York, and also connecting with the 
Indiana and Oliio railroads ; lines to the Mississippi River at 
Galena, Rock Island, and t^uincy, Alton, and Cairo ; aline 
along the shore to Milwaukie : and lines extending to -Janes- 
ville, Madison, Fond du Lae, etc. Chicago also reaches to 
the back country by means of numerous i)lanU roads, which 
accommodate the producers of the neighborhood. Most of 
the lines of railroad have suJfieiently progressed to insure 
theu early completion ; and to judge by the working of 
those portions now opened for traffic, the success of each 
enterprise will far exceed the anticipations of the most 
enthusiastic of their projectors. Chicago has felt their 
advantages ; the internal trade of the State has quintupled 
itself within a few years, and capital and population have 
sought a market so replete with facilities of trade and com- 
merce as those centering at Chicago. In 1S39, the tot^d 
value of property in Chicago was assessed at $236,842 ; in 
1S50 it was assessed at $8,562,717, of which .$0,804,202 was 
real estate ! At the latter period the commerce of the port 
was conducted through the agency of eight bankers and 
dealers in exchange, 109 wholesale, forwarding, commis- 
Bion. and produce houses, and 54 lumber dealers. During 
the year 1S51, the arrivals at Chicago were as follows: 
steamers, 662 ; propellers, 183 ; schooners, 1,182 ; brigs, 230 ; 
barges, 13. Total, 2,279 vessels, the aggregate burden of 
which was 958,600 tons. The following tables will exhibit 
the quantity of some of the leading exports and imports, by 
lake canal and railroad for the same year. 



EXPORTS. 

Lnke. Canal. 

Barlej-....btt. S,.'>3T 11,460 

Beef. bbls. 49..306 185 

Beef. tes. 2.'-29 — 

Butter..... lbs. 10.424 75,117 

Buff, robes " 7,215 — 

Cattle No. 418 — 

Cheese.... lbs. 2.215 178,73" 

Coal " — 1,182,803 

Com bu. 8,221,317 — 

Furs, etc.. pks. S.WS — 

Flour.... bbK 71.723 688 

nams " 1,934 — 

Hams.. casks 088 — 

Ham9...hhds. 113 — 



9'j9.749 



Total. 

19.097 

49.+11 

2.829 

S.'),«l 

7,216 

448 

181,052 

,091. .552 

,221.817 

6.045 

72,406 

1,9:J4 

O^s 

112 



Lake. Can.il. Railtoad. lu[al. 

Hams lb.s. 1,3.t4 700 — 2.0,54 

Hams No. 3,090 — — 3,690 

Hemp lbs. 694,783 — — 094,783 

Iron " 132,480 1,03,"),579 2,286,010 3,454.0011 

Lard " 259.047 — — 259,647 

Lard bbls. 9.037 — — 9,ll.'';7 

L.ath pes. — 12,786,285 2,1.30,135 14,921,420 

Lead lbs. 1,376,872 1,007 — l,37G,>i79 

Lumber.. .feet — 54,180,745 13,770,452 67,957,287 

Oati bu. 707.O89 108 — 707.197 

Tot ashes.." — 114,300 8.000 122,300 

Tork bbls. 19.1-3 27 — 19,215 

Pork tcs. 4-9 — — 489 

Sh'lders .bbls. 1,020 — — 1.020 

Sh'lders.hhds. 300 — — 300 

Sh"Iders...No. 9,797 — — 9.797 

Sugar lbs. — 844,812 — 344,312 

Sugar... hhds. 20 — — 20 

Sugar. ...bbls. 019 — — 019 

TindM'r..C. ft. — 7,812 — 7,812 

Wheat.... bu. 4.36,803 B53 — 437,660 

Wool lbs. 1,086,944 1,609 — 1,088,588 

IMPORTS. 
Lake. Canal. RailroaJ. Total, 

Bacon lbs. — 484.716 — 434.710 

Barley ....bu. 12..381 202 23,.51S 36,111 

Beef bbls. — 1..571 — l.,571 

Buir.robes.lbs. — 512.196 — 612.196 

Corn bu. — 2,852,302 29,5,008 2,647.405 

Flour.... bbls. 6,080 5,819 89,203 51.052 

Hams lbs. — 1,080,933 — 1,086,9.33 

Hemp lbs. — 1,03.5,043 — 1,0.3.5,M.S 

Hides " — 487,806 861,070 848.876 

Lath ...pieces 27,5-3,475 — — 27.583,475 

Lard lbs. — 2.009.625 — 2,069.625 

Lead " — l,402.1.'i5 — 1.402.135 

Lumber ..feet 125,050,437 466,6.85 — 125,.523,123 

Oats bu. — 1S1.293 152,855 834,14,8 

Pork bbls. — S.241 — S,241 

Pork lbs. — — 2,890.248 2,.390.218 

Shingles ..liu. 60,838,250 — — 60.S,3-.2S0 

Sug.ir lbs. — 3,765,836 — 3,765.836 

Sugar... hhds. 2,,')63 — — 2,603 

Sugar. bis, bxs 2,884 — — 2,8S4 

Timber, C. feet 410,679 152.297 — 602.970 

Tobacco... lbs. — 324.923 — 324.928 

Wheat bu. 26,0.54 67.972 274.021 888,077 

Wood.. .cords 5,924 10,676 454 17,0.>f 

Wool lbs. — 620,026 211,930 731,956 

The above only represents a portion of tlic domestic com- 
merce of Chicago, and even does not estimate tliat carried 
on by teams, wliieh is commensurably large. The value of 
arliclcs imported from Canada during the year, was $.5,811, 
and of exports from Cliicago to Canada, $116,185. The 
arrivals from Canada were 7, and the clearances for the 
same destination, 1.3. The value of the whole domestic 
commerce for a series of vcars, has been as follows : 

Years. Imperii. F!xpnrt9. 

1836 $32.'),208 90 $1,000 04 

1837 873,077 12 11.065 00 

1838 679,174 61 16,044 75 

18-39 680,980 26 83,843 00 

1840 662.106 20 228.635 74 

1841 5W.347 S3 84S"-62 24 

1842 6J14,347 88 659,305 20 

184:3 971.849 73 6-2.210 85 

1844 1.0-6.410 00 7w,5l'4 23 

1845 2,II4;!,445 7:! 1,543,519 85 

1840 2.0-.>7,1.5ii 00 1,81.8,408 00 

]g4; 2.MI.-.'i2 .V2 2.290.299 00 

1848 8,3:JS,039 SO 10.709,333 40 

123 



cm 



CHI 



Chica<;o has five daily newspapers: lUe *' C. Tribiine'' 
(indep't.), the " C. Democrat" (dem.), the " C. Journal" 
(whig), the •'Commercial AdverlLser" (whiff), and the "Ar- 
gus," all of which also issue weekly editions; so: weekly 
newspapers, the " New Covenant," and the " Western Citl- 
zcQ" OJolh Uuiversalist), the " Gem of the Prairie" (lib.), 
the " Trairie Herald" (Presbyterian), the " Watchman of the 
Prairie" (Uaptist), and the *' Commercial Keporter;" one 
tri-weekly, the "Illinois State Gazette;" one semi-monthly, 
the "North-western MedicalJournal ;" and three monthly 
periodicals, the"Kdectic Review" (edueat.), the "Prairie 
Farmer" (agric.), and the "North-western, Journal of llo- 
moepathy." 

Latrobe, an intelligent traycler, who \isited Chicago in 
1S83, thus describes it : " This little mushroom town is situ- 
ated on the verge of a level tract of country, for the greater 
part consisting of open prairie lands, at a point where a 
email river, whose sources interlock — in the wet season — 
with those of the Illinois Eiver, enters Lake Michigan. It, 
however, forms no harbor; and vessels must anchor in the 
open lake, which spreads to the horizon, on the north and 
east, in a sheet of uniform extent." The contrast between 
Chicago of 1S3;? anti Chicago of the present day, is truly 
startling ; and the writer of twenty years ago, had he been 
told that his " mushroom town" was so soon to become the 
focus of a commerce equal to that enjoyed by many of the 
States of Europe, would he have credited so unprece<lented 
a fact, or would he not liive considered the prognostication 
the emanation of a crazy brain? 

CniciiESTDR, L and p. v., Mcrrimac co., N'. JIamp. : on 
Suneook r., 3 m. E. Concord. Pop. 997. 

CmcKAiioMENT, p. v., Hanover co., Vlrg. : on the r. of 
the same name, 31 m. E. Eichmond. 

CmcKAHOMENY rlver, ^^vg.: a tributary of James r. ft-om 
the N. W. It is about 60 m. long, anri debouches 37 m. 
above Point Comfort 

CnicKAMAW Bexd, p. o., Madison par., La. : 1-37 m. N. 
Baton Kouge. 

CnicKAMA0GA, p. 0., Hamilton co., Tenn. : on a cr. so 
called, 103 m. S. E. Nashville. 

CmcKASAW county, /(». Situate N. E., and contains 576 
sq. m. Taken from Pottowattomee in 1S51. 

CnicEASAW county, Miss. Situate N., and contains 972 
sq. m. Drained by the Yallabusha, Ocktibbeha, etc. Sur- 
face undulating, and soils productive of Indian com, cotton, 
and tobacco. Farms 1,167; manuf. 29; dwell. 1,047, and 
pop.— wh. 9,SS6, fr. col. 2, si. 6,4S0— total 16,863. CapikU: 
Houston. 

CmcKASAW, p. v., Mercer co., OJt'to : S6 m. W. N. "W. 
Columbus. 

CnicKASAWDATonTE. p. V., Lee co., Ga,: on the cr. so 
called, a tributary of the Ichawaynochaway r. of Flint r., 
123 m. S. E. MilledgeTille. 

CmcKASAW Nation, Ind, Ter. The Chickasaws are 
settled in the Choctaw Territory. {See Choctaws.) 

CmcK'8 Sprlsgs, p. c, Greenville dist., S. Cur.: 93 m. 
N. W. Columbia. 

CmcoPEE (Cabotvtllk), p. .t., Hampden co., 3fas8. : 
near the confluence of Chicopee r. with the Connecticut, 4 
m. N, of Springfield and 60 m. W. by S. Boston. It is one 
of the most enterprising manufacturing places in New 
England. A newspaper, the ''C. Telegraph" (whig), is 
published weekly. Poi>. s,291. 

CnicoPEE Falls, p. v., Hampden co. Mass. : at the falls 
of the Chicopee r., 2 m. from its mouth, SO m. W. by S. 
Boston. It has numerous factories. A branch of the Con- 
necticut River R. E. extends from Cahotsvillc to the Falls. 

Chtcopee river, Mass. : a tributary of the Connecticut r., 
into which it falls in the N. part of the town of Chicopee. 
In its course it receives the waters of Quaboag Pond and 
of "Ware and Swift rivers, 

Cnif.oT county, Arl: Situate S. E. on Mississippi r.. and 
contains SCO sq. m. Drained by Bayou Macon, Paver dc 
124 



Ba?uf, and Bayou Bartholomew. Surface low and level — 
subject to inundation. Soils various—some very fertile, and 
some inferior. Cotton is the great staple- Farms 142 ; 
dwell. 226, and pop.— wh. 1,122, fir. col. 9, aL 3,9S4r-total 
15,115. Capital: Columbia. 

Chief Warkiok, p. v., Erie co., JV! K; 357 m. "W. 
Albany. 

Chikalah, p. v., Tell co., ^r^'. .'on a branch of Petite 
Jean cr., 65 m. W. N. W. Little Kock. 

CniLDsviLLE, p. v., Yancey co., 2^. Car.: 210 m. W. 
Ealeigh. 

CniLiiowEE, p. v., Blount co., Tenn. : on the N. side of 
Little Tenuessee r., 156 m. E. by S. N:iahville. 

Cniu, p. v., Miami co., Ind. : on the N. aide of Eel r., 74 
m. N. Indianapolis. The Goshen and Peru K. R. crosses 
the r. at this point. 

Cuili, p. T., Hancock co., lU. : 86 m. "W. N. "W. Spring- 
field. 

CuiLT, t. and p. v., Monroe co., 2^. F. : on the W. side 
of Black cr. of Genesee r., 206 m. W. by N. Albany. The 
Buffalo and Eochcster E. E. passes through the village 60 
m. from Buffalo and 262 m. from Albany. Pop. 2.247. 

CuiLT, p. v., Coshocton co., Ohio: 67 m. N. E. by R 
Columbus. 

CniLLTcoTHE, p. T., Wapello co., la. : on the S. side of 
Des Moines r,, 63 m. S. W. Iowa City. 

CinLLicoTHE, p. v., Peoria co., lU. : at the upper end of 
Prairie Lake, on its W. side, SO ra. N. Springfield. It is a 
village of importance, and has considerable trade. 

CuiLLTCOTHE, p. v., and cap. Livingston co., Jfo. : on a 
fine prairie, 3 m. N. of Grand r., US m. N. "\V. Jefferson 
City, 

Cm:LL!COTiiE, p. city, and cap. Eoss co., Ohio : on the "W. 
side of the Scioto r., 37 m. S. Columbus. In plan, this 
city somewhat resembles Phil.adelphia, being bounded N. 
by Scioto r. and S. by Paint cr., here about three-fourths of 
a mile apart. The principal streets follow the course of the 
Scioto, and these are crossed rectilineally by others extend- 
ing from river to creek — the two main streets crossing each 
other in the middle of the city, and being each 99 feet 
wide. "Water Street, which faces on the river, is S2] feet 
wide, and the others 66 feet. The streets are lighted with 
gas. The city has numerous fine and substantial buildings, 
among which are the Court House, the markets, banking 
houses, hotels, and numerous churches and school-houses. 
The city occupies tJie site of an ancient mound, but this has 
been leveled to make way for improvements. On the "W. 
side of the city is a hill rising abruptly to the height of 300 
feet, from which there is an extensive and beautifu! view of 
the city and vicinity. Through the city the Ohio Canal 
passes, and before long it will become connected in every 
du-ection by railroads now in course of construction. The 
city has two daily papers, the "Scioto Gazette" (whig), and 
the '■ Ancient Metropolis" (indep.), both of which also pub- 
lish a weekly edition; and two weekly papers, the "C. Ad- 
vertiser" (dem.), and the " Ohio Correspondent" (indep.) 
As a place of manufactures and commerce, the city has a 
high rank among the inland towns, and is rapidly pro- 
gressing in material prosperity. Cliillicothe was formerly 
the State capital. Pop. in 1S40, 8.977; in 1S50, T.OO-v 

Chillisqdaqite, p. v., Northumberland co., Pemu 

CniLLiTECAux, p. v., aud cap. Dunklin co., Mo. : 192 m. 
S. E. Jefferson City. 

CniLMABK, t. and p. o., Bukes co., Mass. : in the S. "W. 
part of Martha's Vineyard, 62 m. S. by E. Boston. At the 
W. end of the town is Gay Head, a noted headland on 
which is a lighl-house. There are some native Indians still 
residing on the neck leading to the Head. The S. W. point 
of the town is known as Squcbnocket. Pop. 747. 

CniLo. p. v., Clermont co., Ohio: on the Ohio r., 100 m. 
S. ^V. Columbus. 

Chilton's Mills, p. o., Walker CO., Ala. : 128 m. N. "W, 
Montgomery. 



CHI 



CHO 



Chiltonville, p v., Plymouth co., Jfa^. 

CiiijiNEY Point, p. o., Addbon co., Vmn.: on T.ako 
Champlain, nearly oppoaUo Crown I'oint, 62 ra. ^'. by S. 
Monlpt'licr. 

Chimney Kock, p. o., Eutherford co., iV' C<i/\: lO'J ni. 
W. S. "\V. Ralciijli. 

China, t and p. v., Kennebec oo., J/;^ ,* on a. bcajtlirul 
lake which covers a groat part of (ho town, and implies 
into a creek of Kennebec r.. affordini; extensive mJll jiowcr. 
TIic village on the S. margin of tiie lake is a beautiful 
place. Several manufactures are carried on. Poji. 'J,T(10. 

China, t. and p. t., 8t. Clair co., Mich. : on the W. side 
of St. Clair r., HlO m. H Lansing. The village liea on Belle 
r., a tributary of the St. Clair. Pop. ],OST. 

Chlna, p. T., Lee co., ///. ; 13S m. N. by E. Springfield. 

Cdina, t. and p. v., "Wyoming co., jV' 3' .- on Cattaraugus 
cr., 244 m. W. Albany. llydrauJic power is abundant, and 
numerous mills are in operation. Pop. 1,901. 

China Grove, p. o.. Pike co., Ala. : on the line of the 
Girard and Mobile R. P., 82 m. S. E. Montgomery. 

CniNA Grove, p. o.. Pike co., Miss. : on the >V. side of 
M'Gee'a cr. of Bogue Chitto, 60 m. S. Jackson. 

CmsA Grove, p. o., Powau co., jy. Cm: : lOS m. W. by S. 
Ealeigh. 

China Grove, p. o., "Williamsburg dist., S. Car.: on 
Cedar cr. of Black r., 93 m. E. S. E. Columbia. 

China Grove, p. o., Gonzales co., Tc\t\ : GO m. S. Austin 
City. 

China Hili., p. o., Gadsden co., Fk»\: on Little r. of 
Ocklockony r,, 20 m. N. W. Tallahassee. 

Chincipin Geovb, p. 0., Gwinnett co., Gd. : Oi ni. N. "W. 
Milled ge^ille. 

Chi>-cai'kin, p. v., Duplin co., K Car. : 69 m. S. E. 
Ealeigh, 

Chincotbaque, p. 0., Accomac co., Virg. : 1'22 m. E. N. E. 
Ptichmond. 

CuiNSiBEO, p. c, Talladega co., Ala. : about 4 ra. E. of 
Talladega, and 72 m. N. by E. Montgomery. 

CiiiPMAN's Point, p. o., Addison co., I'frw..* on Lake 
Champlain, opposite Crown Point, 45 m. V,'. S. ^X. Monl- 
pelicr. 

Chippewa county, Jfich. Situate on the N. peninsula, 
occupying the E. extremity, and contains 2,370 sq. m. 
Drained by several streams flowing to Lake Superior, 
Tah-qua-me-naw r. falling into the bay of the same name, 
and numerous rivers and creeks of St. Mary's r. and Lake 
Huron. Surface richly varied with much good farm land. 
Farms 17: manuf. 10: dwell. 1S7, and pop.— wh. S9m, fr. 
col. S— total 893. Capital: Sault de St. Marie. 

Chippewa county, Tf7.sc. Situate N. "W. on Mississippi 
r., and contains 2,740 sq. m. Drained by the Chippewa r. 
and other streams. In the N. are many beautiful lakes. 
Surface much varied, but chiefly prairie. Timber abund- 
ant. Farms—; manuf. 3; dwell. 04, and pop.— wh. 014, 
fir. col. 0— total 614. Capital: . 

Chippewa, I. and p. v., Beaver co., Penn.: 192 m. TV. 
Harrisburg. 

CmppEWA, t. and p. v., "Wayne co.. 0/iio: on the Chip- 
pewa r., 92 m. N. E. Columbus. The villacro lies on the ^^ 
bank of the river, about a mile from the W. border of the 
town. Pop. 2.0y". 

Chippewa, p. o., New Castle co., -Dfl. 

Chippewa bay, X. )'. ; on the E. side of St. Lawrence r., 
opposite St. LawTcnce co. It contains a number of the 
"Thousand Islands.'' 

Chippewa river, Midi,: a branch ofPlne r., which it 
joins near its mouth. 

Chippewa river, Wise. : tliis river (the 0.nBWA of the 
Indians) runs entirely across the State, having its rise on 
the borders of Michigan, near the sources i>( the Wisconsin, 
Montreal, etc., and running into the Mi«isissippi r. near the 
foot of Lake Pepin. It is about 500 yards wide at ifsnioulh. 
TTiere are 14 rapida on the Chippewa — the principal one, 



called the '■ Falls," is about 75 m. from its mouth, and hag 
a descent of 24 feet in the distance of half a mile. A very 
large amount of pine lumber is annually sent down this 
river. Toward the sources of the stream and its branches 
there are many fine lakes, some of which have received 
names, and the principal are known as Lac Courtorielle, 
Lac Chctac, Lac du Flambeau, Tomahawk Lake, Ked 
Cedar Lake. Hiee Lake, etc. The Red Cedar Fork is the 
main brancli of the Chippewa, entering it from the "W., 
about 30 m. above its mouth. About Go m. below Rice 
Lake, on this river, according to Schoolcraft, commences a 
eeries of rapida over horizontal layers of sandstone rock, 
which extend, with short intervals, down tlie river 24 m. 
The remainder of the distance (about 50 m.) to the junc- 
tion is eharaeterij^ed by deep water, Willi a strong current; 
and at the junction is commanding and elevated, allVirdiiig 
a tine view of a noble expanse of waters. 

Cnu'PEWAYAN mountains. (Sfc Rocky mountains.) 

CuiTTENANGO, p. V., Madi.son co., N'. Y. : on Cbittenango 
cr.. 112 m. W. by N. Albany. The Syracuse and Ulica 
It. R. jiasses near the village, and about a mile to the N. 
tlie Erie Canal, witli which a side cut connects it. It is a 
Douri.sliin<f place, has some manufactures, con^ide^abIe 
trade, and publishi'M the '^ Plienix"' (dem.) weekly. Hy- 
draulic cement is lound in the neigliborbood, and a mile 
S. of the village is a valuable sulphur spring. 

CiiiTTENANCO Falls, p. o,, ?kIadison CO., A' Y. : on the 
river .»*o calleil, 112 in. W, by N. Albany. 

CniiTENANUo river, A^ 11 ; rises in the town of XeL^on, 
Madison CO., and flows N. into Oneida Lake. 

Chittenden county, Tfrm, Situate N. "W., on Lake 
Champlain, and contains 490 sq. m. Drained by Ouinn, 
Lamoille, and other rivers. Surface generally finely varie- 
gale<l, but mountaiuous in the E. ; soils as various — here 
sandy, and there rich alluvion or clayey. Farms l,9tiS; 
manuf. 201 ; dwell. 4.S05, and pop.— wh. 2S,927, fr. col. 109 
—total 29,030. 0/y>/7</?.-3iurlington. Piih/ie Works: Rut- 
land and Burlington R. R. ; '\'ermont Central R. R.; and 
Burlington Branch R. E. 

CniTTENDKN, t and p. v., Rutland co.. Verm. : on the 
hi^lilands of the Green Mnuntains, forming the watershed 
between Lake Chamithiin and the C<'nneetieut r., S3 m. 
S. by W. Monlpelier. It is a rugged country and sparsely 
populated. Pop. 675. 

Chocolate river, Midi.: a considerable stream of fiie 
Upper Peninstila. wltich has its rise in a small lake iu the 
highlandsN.E. of Menomoneer., and running N. and X.E. 
discharges its waters on the S. border of Lake Superior. 

Choconut, t, and p. v., Susquehannah co., Ptnn.: on 
the N. line of the State. 126 in. N. by E. Ilarrisburg. 

Choctaw county, Ala. Situate S. "W., and contains S04 
sq. m. Drained by tributaries of Tombigbet; r., which 
forms the E. Ijorder. Surface level; soils fertile, producing 
corn and cotton. Farms 44o; dwell. 760, and pop. — wh. 
4,620, fr. col. 0, si. 3,709— total S,3S9. Capital: Butler. 

Choctaw county, Mim. Situate N. centrally, and con- 
tains i!00 sq. m. Drained by the bead waters of Big Blaek 
r. and several creeks of the Yallabusha. Surface elevated 
and rolling, with abundance of timber; soils exeellent^ 
The products are chiefly Indian corn and cotton. Farms 
1,132 ; manuf. 17: dwell. 1,405, and pop.~wh. 8,420, fr. coL 
4, si. 2,97S— total 11.402. Capital: Greensboro. 

Choctaw Agency, p. o„ Choctaw Nation, Ark. 

Chootaw Agency, p. o., Oktibbeha co., Mit>s. : on the E. 
side of Noxubee r., 100 m. N. E. Jackson. 

Choctaw Coeneb, p. o., Clarke co., Ala. : Si m. "W. by S. 
Montgomery. 

Choctaw Natton, I/hL Ter, : is bounded N. by the Cana- 
da and Arkansas rivers, E. by the State of Arkansas. S. by 
Red River, and W. by tlie Umth meridian. The country in 
the K. is mountainous, witli large ajui f.-rtile valleys— in the 
W. it is nnduIatUii: --md varied. The whole is wi-ll drained 
bv numerous tributaries of the Arkansas and lic4 rivers, 

125 



r 



CHO 



cnu 



both of which are navigable for steamboats. The Choctaws 
arc extensively enga^eil iu agriculture, and have good 
houses and well-fenced fli-lds, nn which they raise com and 
cotton in abundance, and Ihey have good stocks of cattle, 
horses, and sheep. On the streams they have numerous 
saw and grist mills, and in several parts cotton gins ; spin- 
ning and weaving are carried on in their principal settle- 
ments; and all their own blacksmithing, wagon-building, 
etc., are done by themselves under direction of mechanics 
furnished them by the United Slates' Government. The 
Choctaws are governed by a written constitution and laws ; 
the nation is divided into foxu" districts, each of which elects 
its own chief quartennially. The General Council, consist- 
ing of 40 niembers, and chosen by the voters of each district, 
meets annually at the Council House, on the first Momlay 
of October. This body frames all laws, but the chiefs have 
a veto, which the council can only overrule by a two-thirds 
vole. Their legislative business is transacted according to 
the nsua! forms of civilized societies, and the councilors arc 
paid, during their sittings, $'2 from the national treasury. 
For judicial purposes, the nation is divided into districts, 
and trial by jury, and appeal to the higher courts are 
allowed. The military department is intrusted to a general 
elected by the people at large, and there are 32 captains in 
each district. The Coimcil House, which is a large and 
commodious building, is located on the W. side of Kiame- 
shi r., nearly equi-dLstant between the N. and S. lines of the 
national territory. The Chickasaws, who were their kins- 
men on the E. side of the Mississippi, dwell with Ihe 
Choctaws on the "W. side, forming the fourth district of the 
nation. They are governed by the same laws, and have a 
proportional representation in the General Council. The 
two nations, however, receive their annuities from the 
United States separately, and are distinct in some other 
respects. Numerous missionaries are settled among both 
the Choctaws and Chickasaws, and have succeeded well iu 
their efforts to civilize them ; so that these nations may 
now be considered a3 among the most iutclhgent of the 
Indian tribes. 

CnoppEEM, p. v., "Wells co., Ind. : Si m, N, E. by N. 
Indianapolis. 

CiTOPTASK river, J/r7. ; a large stream of the Eastern 
Shore, which rises in two main branches — one from Dela- 
ware, and flowing in a course generally S., empties through 
a large estuary into Chesapeake Bay, between Tighlman's 
Island on the N. and Sharp's Island on the S. It is navi- 
gable for sloops for nearly 40 m. from its eonflueiacc with 
the hay. 

CaowAi^ county, 271 Car. Situate on Albemarle Sound, 
between Chowan and Perquinons rivers, and contains 218 
sq. m. Surface low and level, with swamps ; soils sandy, 
but moderately fertile, producing corn and cotton. Farms 
&t4; manuf. 23; dwell. C13, and pop.— wh. 2,0U, fr. col. 
104, si. 3,6"8.— total 6,721. Ctipit<il : Edenton. 

CnowAN river, ^V. Car. : is formed by the union of the 
Nottaway, Mcherrin, and Blackwater rivers, which rise and 
have their courses principally in Virginia. It flows into 
Albemarle Sound, a little N, of the mouth of the Roanoke. 
It is navigable on the Meherrin branch for large vessfls to 
Murfreesboro, near the Virginia State line. 

CuRiSTiAN county, IU. Situate centrally, and contains 
560 sq. m. Drained by the South Fork and other tribu- 
taries of Sangamon r., which bounds it N. Surface chiefly 
undulating prairie, with frequent lindier groves; and soil 
everywhere fertile. Farms 4;J4 ; manuf. 12 ; dwell. 555, and 
pop.— wh. 3,202. fr. col. 0— total 3,202. Capital: Taylors- 
ville. Puhl'iG Works: Illinois Central 11. 11. 

Cup.isTiAN county, Ki/. Situate \V. on S. border, and 
contains 540 sq. m. Drained by I.itllo r. and "W. fork of 
Red r., tributaries of the Cumberland. Surface generally 
level, and the soils various — in the N. indifferent, but well 
timbered, and in the S. fertile, producing whea^ corn, and 
tobacco. Iron and bituminous coal abundant. Farms 
126 



1,190; manuf. 77; dwelL 1,965, and pop.— wh. 11,309, fr. 
col. 131, si. 8.14(f~total 19,5S0. Capital : Hopkinsville. 
Public Work-s: A railroad from Nashville, 7V«7i., to Hen- 
derson, on the Ohio (projected.) 

Cheistiasa, p. v., New Castle co., Del. : on Christiana 
cr., SS m. N. Dover. The I'hiladelphia, Wilmington, and 
Baltimore li. It. passes through the village. Its manufac- 
tiu-es are comparatively large, and consist chiefly of flour, 
gunpowder, etc. Tlie hund. of the same name contains 
22,560 acres, and 3,002 inhabitants. 

Christiana, t. and p. c, Dane co., Wise. : on the E. side 
of Eock cr., 20 m. E. S. E. Madison. Top. 1,054. 

CimiSTiANA river, Midi, and Ind.: a tribut:iry of the St. 
Joseph r. ; it riaes in the E. part of Cass co., and flowing 
S. W. and S. passes into Indiana, where it joins the St. Jo- 
seph's at Elkhart village. It is a never-failing mill stream, 
and furnishes abundance of hydrauUc power. 

CnnisTiANSBUUGn, p. v., Shelby co., £!/. 

CuRisTiANSBuEGH, p. V., and cap. Montgomery co., Virff. : 
167 m. ^V. S. W. liichmond. The Virginia and Tennessee 
K. K. will pass through this village. 

CnnisTLVNSBiTKGn, p. v., Brown co., In<7. : on a branch 
of Salt cr., 46 m. S. Indianapolis. 

CnRisTiANSBCRGn, p. V., Champaign co., Ohio: in tho 
S. AV. corner of the county, 57 ra. W. by N. Columbus. 

CnEisTiAssviLLE, p. V., Mccklcnburg co., Virg.: 74 m. 
S. W. Richmond. 

Chklstmasville, p. v., Carroll co., Teti'Ji. : 97 m. W. by St 
Nashville. 

Chbisty'b Foee, p. 0., Morgan co., K)j. 

Cur.iSTY's PuAiiiiE, p. o.. Clay co., Ind. : 10 m. "W. Bowl- 
ing Green, and 59 W. S. W. Indianapolis. 

CiiucKATUCK, p. v., Nansemond co., Virg.: on Chucka- 
tuck cr., 3 m. above its confluence in James r., and 62 S. E. 
liichmond. The village has several factories, and the river 
being navigable to this place, aff'ords it considerable facilities. 

CmjCKT Bend, p. o., Jefl'erson co., Term. : on the N. side 
of Nolichucky r., 204 m. E. Nashville. 

CuucTANUNDA crcck, N. Y. : rises in Fullon and Sara- 
toga counties, and flows S. into Montgomery co., where it 
empties into the Mohawk r. at the village of Amsterdam. 

CnuLAFiNNK, p. o., Itandolxih co., Ala. : 76 m. N. by E. 
Montgomery. 

CnuLASKV, p. 0., Northumberland co., Penn. 

CnuLTAiiosiA, p. v., Marshall co., Miss, : 16S m. N. by E. 
Jackson. 

CuuNENTTGGEE, p. 0., Macon CO., Ala. : 42 m. E. by S, 
Montgomery. 

CuuNKEVViLLE, p. v., Laudordalc co., Miss. : 83 m. E. 
Jackson. 

CnuRcn Creek, p. o., Dorchester co., Md. : on Church 
cr., 5 m. from its confluence with Little Choptank r., and 
41 m. S. S. E. Annapolis. 

CnuRcii Grove, p. o., Knox co., Tenn.: 163 m. E. 
Nashville. 

Churcu HrLL, p. o., Lowndes co., Ala. : 30 m. "W. S. "W. 
Montgomery. 

CuuRcn Hill, p. o., Luzerne co., Penn-.: 83 m. N. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

CnuRcn Hill, p. o.. Queen Anne co., Md. : at the head 
of South-East cr., S m. from its confluence with Chester r., 
31 m. E. by N. Annapolis. It has 3 churches, an academy, 
about 60 dwellings, anri 250 inhabitants. The Episcopal 
church, built 1720, is an old English structure of brick, large 
and massive, and capable of containing 1,000 persons, and 
has a chancel and vestry-room adjoining. 

CiiiTRCii Hill, p. c. Christian co., £'>/. : 163 m. 8. W. 
Frankfort. 

CnuRcii Hill, p. o., Jefferson co., Mi.<ts. : on the E. Bide 
of the Mississippi, about 3 m. distant from the river, and 73 
m. S. "VV. Jackson. 

Cnrncn Hill, p. o., Trumbull co., Ohio: 143 m. N. E. 
Columbus. 



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GuvRCii Hill, p. o., Halifax co.,Virff.: near the conflu- 
ence of Birch cr. wilii Dan r., 110 m. S. W. Kichmnnti. 

CuuRcn's Stoee, p. o., ^'iJkes Co., Jf^. Car.: 146 m. 
W. by N. Raleigh. 

Chitrputown, p. v., Lancaster co., Peim. : 43 m. E. by S. 
Harrisburg. 

CiRRCUTowx, p. 0., Columbia co., A'^. Y. : 43 m. S. by E. 
Albany. 

CiUiEcimLLE, p. v., Monroe co., N". T! : on the line of the 
Buffalo and liochcster R. R., 62 ni. from ButTalo, and 266 
m. from Albany. It is a neat village of some 60'.i inhabit- 
ants. ' 

CiiiTKcrmxLE, p. v., Augusta co., Virg,: 94 m. TV. by N. 
Rielmiond. 

Cia-RCUTTLLE, p. T., TTarfnrd co., MJ.: on the E. side 
of Bynham's r., 46 m. N. Ann:ipii)is, 

CnrnuBrscOj p. v., Franklin co., Ala. : 1S4 m. N. W. 
Montgomery. 

CiiuRUBrsco, p. v., Anderson dist., S. Car.: 109 m. 
"W. N. W. Columbia. 

CiitTRUBUSCO, p. v., Whitley co., Ind. : 109 m. N. N. E. 
Indianapolis. 

Cicero, p. v., Hamilton co., Jrid. : on Cicero cr. of White 
r., 26 m. N. by E. Indianapolis. The Peru and Indiauaji- 
olis R. R. passes a little eastward of the village. 

CiCEEO, t. and p. v., Onondaga co., Al Y. : on the S. "W. 
side of Oneida Lake, 123 ni. V. by N. Albany. Chitto- 
nango r. flows along its E. border. The village has about 
500 inhabitants. Pop. 2,9S0. 

Cincinnati, post city, port of entry, and cap. ITamilton 
CO., Ohio : on the N. side of the Ohio r., directly opposite 
the mouth of Licking r., and distant by river course from 
Pittsburg 465 m., from Louisville 132 m., from the mouth 
of Ohio r. 494 m., and from New Orleans 1,447 m.. and in 
direct line 113 ni. S.W. Columbus. Lat. 39° or/ 54" N.. and 
long. 34° 2T' W. from Greenwich, or 7° -25' W. from Wash- 
ington. It is the largest inland city of the United Stales, 
and in point of population is only exceeded by Boston, 
New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, and New Orleans. In 
ISOOit had about 750 inhabitants; in ISIO, 2,{>t0; in 1820, 
9,642; in 1830, 24,?31 ; in 1840,46,333; and in 1S50, 115,4:36. 

The city is located in a beautiful valley of about 12 m. in 
circumference, surrounded by hills. This valley Is divided 
almost centrally by the Ohio r. It was first settled on the 
24th Dec, 17SS, by a party of men sent out under Mathias 
Benman and Robert Paterson, to improve a portion of the 
purciiase made by tlie Hon. John Cleves Symmes. This 
purchase embraced a tract of 311,682 acres, lying between 
the Great and Little Miami rivers, and extending along the 
Ohio r. a distance of 37 m. One square mile in each town- 
ship was reserved for school purposes, and section 29 in 
each for the sujiport of religious societies. 

This party landed opposite the mouth of Licking r., and 
laid out a village called Losantivillc, a name shortly after- 
ward abandoned for that of Cincinnati. In Feb., 17S9, 
another party, under Symmes himself, landed at North 
Bend, and there laid out what was intended to be a large 
city, to which tliey gave the name of Symmes. Soldiers 
were now sent out to protect the settlers at the Bend ; but 
Fort Washington having been estabUshed, they were re- 
moved to Cincinnati subsequently, and the rivalry of the 
two places succumbed in favor of Cincinnati as the cliief 
seat of business. The fort stood on what is now Arch-street, 
between Third and Fourth-streets, and east of Broadway. 
In 1790 General Harrison marched hence against the In- 
dians, and in the next year General St. Clair started fur the 
same place on his ill-fated expedition. The fort was suc- 
cessively commanded by Ziegler, Williamson, and Harrison, 
the latter of whom became subsequently President of the 
United States. In 1792 the first church was erected on 
what is now corner of Maine and Fourth-streets, and occu- 
pied by the First Presbyterian Church. In the rear of it 
arc many graves of the pioneers. In 1793, the first paper, 



called the "Sentinel of tlie Norlh-wtst Territory," norlli of 
the Ohio r., was established at Cincirniati by William Mux- 
well. On the lllh Jan., 1794, a line of two keel boats, with 
buHet-prouf covers and port-holes, and provided with can- 
non and small arms, was established between Cincinnati 
and Pittsburg, caoh making a trip onee in four weeks. 
During this period, the town progressed but slowly, while 
idleness, drinking, and gambling prevailed in the army, 
and was to a great extent participated in by the citizens. 
Tlie population at various periods is shown above. From 
ISOO to 1810 it progressed pretty rapidly, and considerable 
trade was carried on with New Orleans in keel boats, whicb 
returned laden with fureign goods. The passage to New 
Orleans then occupied about 25 days, and the return 65 
days. In 1819 the city was incoriiorated, since which 
period its progress in population and material wealth has 
been uninterrui)fed and rapid in an astonishing degree, 
considering thediflieulties it had to ennteiid with belnrethc 
establishment of steam navigation on the rivers and rail- 
roads throughout the country. It Wuuld be invidious to 
compare the early career of Cincinnati with that of Chica- 
go, MUw.^ukie, and some others ; they were founded under 
quite different auspices ; the one in the midst of a country, 
bare of population, without a road, and scant of river facil- 
ities, and the others with ever}' facility of travel perfected, 
and a tide of immigration unceasingly pouring upnn them. 

Cincinnati occupies the whole of the first bank of the 
river, called the B*ittom, and the second, called the Hill, 
which is lOS feet above l">w water mark, and 60 feet above 
the first bank. The streets are so graded as to render the 
communication between the two parts easy, and many of 
them are adorned with fine edifices, and beautiful shade 
trees. It extends hack to a third range of bills, a distance 
on Main-street of about two miles, and in the western part 
perhaps more, and .along the Ohio about three miles. Ex- 
cepting on the margin of ihe river, the city is regularly laid 
out in streets and alleys, crossing each other at riglil angles. 
The streets running E. and W., proceeding from the river, 
are denominated First, tSfcom?, etc., while those running 
N. and S. are named after the indigenous forest trees, as 
Walnut, S'/famore, etc. Main-street extends from the 
steamboat laudnig, on the river, directly north to the north- 
ern bounds of the city. The streets are generally paved, 
and the foot-paths flagged. The city contains about 16,000 
houses, 80 churches, many of them very fine edifices; 3 
colleges, 4 medical schools, a law school, a female college, 
several female seminaries, G classical schools, a large num- 
ber of finely-built i^ublic schools, 4 banks, with resources 
amounting to $3.96s,371 ; and 17 insurance companies, etc. ; 
several public halls, the county and city courts, a mercantile 
exchange, and numerous libraries, and literary, philosoph- 
ical and cliaritable institutions, an observatory, 4 theatres, 
a museum, gas-works, water-works, etc. In fact, it has all 
the appliances necessary for the physical, intellectual, and 
moral enjoyment of a large population; and in its manu- 
factures, commerce, and general wealth, is pre-eminent 
among the cities of the world. 

The manufactures of Cincinnati embrace almost every 
department of industrial employment. It would be impos- 
sible to enumerate them in the compass allowed to this 
article ; but there arc some industries that so distinguish 
the city, that their enumeration is necessarj*. It lias 6 
distilleries; 140 bakeries; 12 bell and brass foundries: 83 
blacksmith shops; 10 boiler yards; 15 book -binderies: 374 
boot and shoe factories; 31 breweries; 60 brick yards; 203 
mason shojis; 121 butchers' shops ; 284carjient«'rand build- 
er shops; 24 carriage factories; 63 coopers' shops; 42 cop- 
per-plate jirinting establishments ; 13 beef and tongue curing 
establishments : 4 cutleries ; 82 daguerreotype establish- 
ments; 16 domestic liquor manufactories; 15 dyelnnises; 
19 edge tool factories ; 14 engraving cstatdishinents ; 14 
feed and flour mills; 44 founderics and engine shops; 136 
furniture factories ; 10 gilding establishmcnla ; 3 glass 

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works; C gunsmilU shops; 40 bat factories ; 14 iet-packing 
eslablishmcnts ; 5 iron rolliHg-mills ; 8 iron safe factories ; 5 
iron railing factories; 10 lever lock factories ; 4 lithograpliic 
cslablishmenLs ; 7 looking-glass Victories ; 12 machinist 
shops; 5 marble works; C mathematical and optical instru- 
nient factories; 10 upholsteries; 60 millineries; 7 morocco 
leather faeUiries; C iinisieal instrument factories; 1 castor 
oil factory; ;M oil, lard, ami stearine factories; 3 linseed oil 
mills; 73 paint and glazing shops; 9 paper mills: 14 patent 
medicine factories; 7 plane faetories ; 1 planing machine 
factory; 6 platform scale factories; 6 plow factories; 16 
plumbing shops ; 14 potteries ; 83 pork^ beef, and ham- 
curing factories (employing 2,450 hands, and producing 
annually !f 5,760,000) ; 13 publishing houses ; 40 saddleries; 
25 sash, blind, etc., factories ; 22 sausage factories; 15 saw 
mills ; 2 saw factories ; 5 sheeting, etc., factories ; 16 shirt 
and stock factories ; 3S soap and caudle factories ; 7 steam- 
boat building yards ; 3 stereotj-pe foundcrics ; 22 stone- 
cutting yards ; 86 stone mason yards ; 9S tailor establish- 
ments ; 30 tanneries ; 62 tobacco, cigar, and snuff faetories ; 
80 turners' shops ; 2 type founderies; 26 vinegar factories; 
43 wagon factories; 40 wine manufactories; 5 wire-work- 
ing establishments ; 38 whisky distilleries, etc. There are 
180 several industries pursued, and tlie total number of all 
manufacturing and industrial eatablishmenls in the city wa.s 
about 3,400. The total number of bands employed, about 
82.S50, and the annual value of products, .$4'i,50n,000. 

There are few cities of the Union so well furnished witli 
facilities of locomotion. It has one of the finest rivers 
in the world fVonting it, and railroads and canals stretch- 
ing in every direction for thousands of miles. These form 
its great avenues of commerce. The Miami Canal, and 
the Ohio division of the "Wabash and Erie Canal, con- 
nect the Ohio r. and Lake Erie, a distance of 251 m. The 
principal completed raUroads are, the Little Miami E. E. 
and its connecUons to Cleveland, 255 m. ; the Cincinnati, 
Hamilton, and Dayton, and its connections to Sandusky, 
218 m. ; the Cincinnati and Hillshoro' E. E. to Parkers- 
burg. 179 m. (now open to HUlsboro' 60 m.) ; and a numlicr 
of others completed, in progress, and projected, passing to 
every part of the State, and into all the neighboring States, 
and connecting Cincinnati wilh all the principal cities of 
the lakes, the sea-board, and the West and South. Cincin- 
nati, in fact, is the chief centre of the railroad system of the 
West. It has direct railroad connection with every lake- 
port from Chicago to Niagara; with Alliany, Boston, New 
York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore, and will soon have 
communication with Charleston, Savannah, Mobile, New 
Orieans, and St. Louis. Eailroads are being constructed in 
all these directions, and when completed will build up 
Cincinnati, and make it a competitor for the wealtli of 
commerce second to no other city of the world. It has 
ah-eady had the foretaste of its future, and is now siretcliing 
out its arms to g.ather in the vast, illimitable wealth wilh 
■which nature has surrounded it. It has also telegraphs, 
giving it instantaneous communication wilh every Large 
city from Mame to Florida, and from the Atlantic to beyond 
the Mississippi. 

The river trade is commensur.ate with the vast internal 
trade centering at this point, and with the manufacturing 
industry of the city. It is carried on cliieliy in steamboats 
pl)ing hence to Pi'tLsburg and New Orieans, and the places 
intermediate. Its steamers also penetrate all the great 
rivers of the West— the tributaries of the great father of 
waters. The arrival of steamboats, in the year ending 31st 
An"., 1850, numbered 3,695 ; of these 2SS were from New 
Orleans, 658 from PitLsburg, 214 ft-om St. Louis, and 2,.538 
from other ports ; and the departures amounted to 3,29'!, 
of which 249 were for New Orleans, 547 for Pittsburg. 223 
for St Louis, and 2,274 for other ports. For the detailed 
statistics of the commerce of the port, for tlie year above 
named, the reader is referred to l/nnVs M.-n-l,.a,it«' Mag- 
asAm, for Oct., 1851. The shipping owned within the 
128 



district of Cincinnati, in 1S50, was 17,181 tons, of which 
10,906 were navigated by steam-power. 

The city is governed by a mayor, recorder, and 8 coun- 
cilors for each of the wards into which it is divided. It has 
a separate judiciary, and also a commercial court, specially 
instituted to try causes arising between merchants. The 
amount of taxes collected for city purposes, for the year 
ending 201h March, 1S51, was $438,,345, viz. : for general 
purposes, .$1.30,172 ; for interest on debt, $GG,S83 ; for Uouso 
of Eefuge, $60,079; for Poor-house, $51,268; for support 
of watch, $40,063 ; for support of common scliools, $37,220 ; 
and colored schools, $2,664, The debt of the city at the 
same period, was $1.&40,000, and the value of its property 
amounted to $2,230,643, 

The newspaper and periodical press of Cincinnati con- 
sists of 8 daily papers, all of which issue weekly editions, 
and one a tri-weekly edition ; of 22 weekly papers ; of 1 
semi-montlilv, and 14 monthly periodicals. The daily 
papers are the "C. CT,azette" (whig), the "C. Commercial" 
(indep't.), the " C. Enquirer" (dem.), the " Chronicle and 
Atlas" (whig), the " C. Times" (indep't.), the " Dispatch 
and Democrat'' (dem.). the " Democratic Journal" (dem.), 
and the " Nonpareil." These circulate a weekly average 
of 2.000 to 22,000 copies each. The weekli/ papers are, 
" Cist's Weekly Advertiser" (commercial), the " Pictorial 
Advertiser," the " Columbian" (lit), the " Price Current" 
(commercial), the " Western Police Gazette," " Life in Cin- 
cinnati," the "Screw-Driver," the "Warning Bell" (tlre- 
m,iii's), the " Proclamation Eeformcr," the " Phonetic Ad- 
vocate," the " Star of the West," the " Presbyterian of the 
West," the "Journal and Messenger" (relig.), the "Youth's 
Friend," the " Catholic Telegraph," the " Christian Age," 
the " Western Christian Advocate," the " Christian Apolo- 
gist," the " Western Fountain" (temperance), the " Central 
Christian Herald," the " Wahreefs Freund" (Germ.), the 
" Der Deutshe Eepublikaner" (Germ.), the " Democratiches 
Wochenlilatt" (Germ.), and the " Volksblatt" (Germ.) The 
"Sunday School Advocate" is published semi-monadij. 
The mont/ily periodk-als are, the "Ladies' Eepository," 
the " Templ.ar's Mag.azine," the " Counterfeit Detector," the 
"Masonic Eeview," the "Western Lancet" (med.), the 
" Dental Register," the " Law Journal," the " Crisis" (lib- 
erty ?), the " Congress Hall," the " School Friend" (edu- 
cation), the "Eclectic Medical Journal," the "Golden 
Eule." the -Tnited Presbyterian," and "Goodman's Coun- 
tirfeit Detector." Thus it would appear that politics, re- 
ligion, science, literature, etc., have their special advocates, 
.and that all the great interests of the people has a special 
organ to herald their peculiarities to the worid. Many of 
the aliove are conducted with great energy and talent, and 
have a circulation beyond their own locality. 

At a short distance from tlie city, on the hills, in its back 
ground, are two beautiful villages. Mount Auburn and Wal- 
nut Hills, which arc mostly occupied .as country seals by 
persons doing business in Cincinnati. Walnut Hills is the 
seat of Lane Seminary, a theological institution under the 
New School Presbyterians. Four miles N. W. of llie city, 
are two fine cemeteries— " Spring Grove Cemetery," con- 
taining ;ibont 100 acres; and the "Weslcyan Cemetery," 
containing .about 40 acres. Both are beautifully located, 
and have been greatly improved. For miles about Cincin- 
nati the cultivation of the grape, for wbiidi the soil and 
climate are well adapted, is carried on extensively, and the 
vineyards form, perhaps, the most delightfiil portions of 
the scenery. The wine here produced is said to be equal 
to the wines of France, in flavor and body, and arc now 
manufactured for commerce. 

Cincinnati, p. v., Ralls co., Jl/b. : on the N. bank of Salt 
r., 78 m. N. N. E. Jefferson City. 

CiNciN.v.wi, p. v., Walker eo., T<a.: on the S. W. side 
of Trinity r., 172 m. E. by N. Austin Oily. 

CixciNXATiis, t. and p. v., Cortland co., N. T.: an 01- 
sclic r., lOS m. W. Alliany, The village is a thriving 



CIN 



CLA 



setilcment, and has several mills, tauueries, etc. Pop. 
I, -JUG. 

CiNNAiiiNsoN, p. v., BurliDgton CO., JV". Jer. 

CiRCLETiLLE, p. V., and cap. Loudon oo., Virg. : 112 m. 
N. Richmond. 

CincLF.viLLE, t., p. v., and cap. Pickaway eo., Ohio: on 
the E. branch of the Scioto r., 26 m. S. by E. Columbus. 
The village occupies Ihe site of ancient forlifications, and 
has a fine fertile neighborhood. Its streets are laiil out at 
right angles, and it has several circular and triangular areas 
devoted to public uses. The principal buiUiings are a liand- 
sonie court-house, of brick, and in form octagonal, the 
market-house, the public offices, several lumdsnnie cimrch 
edifices and school-houses, and tlie l>uilding8 belonging to 
the Ohio Canal, which passes through Ihe village, and at 
this point crosses the river by a fine aqueduct. The rail- 
road from Cincinnati to "Wheeling also intersects it. Four 
periodicals are published here— the "C. IleraUr' (whig), 
tJie '■ C. Watchman" (dem.), the ''Religious Telescope," 
and " Busy Martha" (religious.) In the village a consider- 
able manufacturing business is engaged in, and the town 
has several furnaces, tanneries, etc. As a commercial de- 
pGt it occupies a place second to none of the interior towns, 
and its progress is onward. Pop. of v. 3,411. — of t. 3,S42. 

CiRCLEVii-LE, p. v., Tazewell co., III. : 4S m. N. Springfield. 

Cmco, p. 0., Monroe co., Term. : on Citico cr., 156 m. 
E. S. E. NashviUe. 

City, p. o., Duchess co., y. T. : 62 m. S. by E. Albany. 

CiTV island, 2^. Y. : an isl.and in the East r., in the town 
of Pelham, Westchester County. It is 2 m. long and about 
a mile wide. 

CiTT Point, p. v. and port. Prince George co., Virg. : on 
the S. side of James r., on a point formed by the confluence 
of Appomattox r., 19 m. S. E. liiehmond. James r. is nav- 
igable for large ships to this point, which is the port of 
Petersburg, with which city it is connected by a railroad 
10 m. long. Several lines of steam packets sail between 
this and New York, touching at Norfolk, etc. 

Clackamas county, Ofeg. Situate centrally, and con- 
tains 141.000 sq. ra., but this area comprises a large unoccu- 
pied territory eastward. The county proper is of much less 
extent, and lies S. of Columbia r., and E. of Willamette r. 
It is drainctl by Sandy r. of the Columbia, and the Clack.v 
mas and other tributaries of the Willamette r. The surface 
is generally level, and the soils of extraordinar\- fertility, 
covered with dense forests. Coal and iron exist in abund- 
ance, and building material is plentiful. Farms 150 ; 
manuf. 13; dwell. 863, and pop.— wh. 1,S36, fr. col. 23— 
total 1,S59. Capital: Oregon Cily. 

Claibokxe parish, Zti. Situate N. W., and contains 
l.OSO sq. m. Drained E. by the forks of Bayou D'Arlnme. 
W. and S. W. by creeks of the Bayou Dorchoat and Black 
Lake cr. Surface varied, but generally level or rolling. 
Most of the parish consists of light pine land, but on the 
streams there are hard woods, and the soils are of good qual- 
ity, suitable for cotton. Farms 654; manuf. 3; dwell. 842, 
and pop.— wh. 4,949, fr. col. 0, si. 2,522— total T,4'l. Capi- 
tal : Homer. 

Claiborne county, jifi,ss. Situate S. W., on Mississippi 
r., and contains 4S0 sq. m. Black r. washes its N. line, and 
it is drained chiefly by Bayou Pierre, and brandies. Sur- 
face varied and uneven, and back from the streams the soils 
are light and sterile. Cotton and Indian com are the chief 
products. Farms 310 ; manuf. 19 ; dwell. 659, and pop.— 
wh. 3,449, fr. col. 42, si. 11,450— total 14,941. Capital : 
Port Gibson. Puhlic Works: Grand Gulf E. R. 

Claiborne county, Tenii. Situate between Clincli r. and 
the N. lino of tlie State, and contains 5S0 sq. m. Drained 
by Powell's r. and numerous creeks of Clincli r. Mountain 
prevails in the N. and N. W., but the surface in other parts 
is pleasantly varied, and has extensive valleys. Iron is 
abundant. The principal agricultural products are com, 
wheat, and oats, also pork. Farms 044 ; manuf. 24 ; dwell. 

K 



1,425, and pop.— wh. S,609, fr. col. 100, si. 600— total 9,369. 
Ca}>ital : Tazewell. 

Claibohne, p. v., and cap. Monroe co., Ala. : on Ihe E. 
side of Alabama r., at the head of schooner navigaliun, 90 
m. S. W. Montgomery. 

Claiborne, p. v., Jasper co., Miss.: 72 m. E. S. E. 
Jackson. 

Claibornesville. p. v., Yazoo CO., Miss. : on a cr. of Big 
Black r., 29 m. N. W. Jackson. 

Clairville, p. v., Winnebago co., Wise. : 88 m. N. E. by 
N. Madison. 

Clapps, p. o,, Guilford co.. J^. Car.: 73 m. W. N. W. 
Raleigh. 

Clappville, p. v., Worcester co., Mass. : on the N. aide 
of Westfleld r., and on the line of the Western E. E., 9 
m. W. from Worcester and Si m. W. by S. Boston. 

Clara, t. and p. o., Potter co., Feim. : 1S2 m. N. W. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Clare county, Mich. Situate centrally on Lower Penin- 
sula, and contains 576 sq. m. Erected since ls50. 

Claremost, t. and p. v.. Sulijv.'in co.. K. Uamp. : on the 
E. side of Connecticut r., 46 m. W. by N. Concord. Iron 
and Hmestone are found m the town, and the village on 
Sugar cr. has several manufactures ; and a ncwspajier, the 
"National Eagle"' (whig), is issued weeklj. The town is 
connected with Concord by railroad. Pop. 3,606. 

Claremont, p. v., Pickens co., S. Car.: 121 m. N. W 
Columbus. 

Clarence, t. and p. v., Erie co., K. Y. : on the S. of Ton- 
awanda cr., 244 m. W. Albany. The Canandaigua and 
Niagara Falls R. R. passes through the town. Pop, 2,727. 

Clarence, p. v., Greene co., Wise. : 43 m. S. by W. 
Madison. 

Clarence, t. and p. o., Calhoun co., Mich.: 2S in. 
S. by W. Lansing. Numerous lakelets are fuund in this 
town, and arc the sources of streams flowing s. toward the 
Kalamazoo r. and N. toward Black r. Poj). 4S3. 

Clarence Centp-e, p. o., Erie co.. A'. 1' : 242 m. W. 
Albany. 

Clarendon, p. v., Monroe co., ArJ^: : on the E. bank of 
White r., where it is formed by Cach6 r., 56 m. E. Little 
liock. 

Clarendon, t. and p. v., Calhoun co., MicTt.: on St Jo- 
seph's r., 44 m. S. by W. Lansing. The village lies on the 
N. bank of the river. Pop. 669. 

Clarendon, t. and p. v., Orleans co., X. Y. : 213 m. 
W. by N. Albany. The village contains about 250 inhabitr 
ants. Pop. 1,S09. 

Clarendon, p. v., Sumter dist., S. Cai: 

Clarendon, t. and p. v., Rutland Co., Vei^m.: on Otter 
cr., 53 m. S. by W. Montpelier, The village lies on the 
Rutland and Burlington R. E., 6 m. S. Rutland, and the 
Western Vermont R. K. also passes through the town, 46 
m. from North Bennington. Agriculture is the chief em- 
ployment of the inhabitants. Pop. 147. 

Clarendon Springs, p. v., Rutland co,, Verm. : 55 m. 
S. by W. Montpelier. Here is a chalybeate spring, contain- 
ing also corbonate of lime, which is resorted to by invalids 
for its medicinal properties. 

Claridon, t. and p. v., Geauga co., Ohio: on Ciiyalioga 
r., 146 ra. N. E. Columbus. Pop. 1,006. 

Clarion county, Pe7i7i. Situate N. W. centrally, and 
contains 580 sq. ra. Drained by Clarion and Toliy's rivers 
and creeks of Alleghany r. and Red Bank r., the furraer of 
which washes its S. W. and the latter its S. border.«. The 
N. part of the co. is rough and uneven; in the S. the sur- 
face is moderately undulating and fertile, willi abundance 
of tiraber. It contains large deposits of iron ore, which arc 
extensively worked. Farms 1,726; mannf. 246; dwell. 
4,003, ami pop.— wh. 23,448, fr. col. 117— total '23,565. Cap- 
ital : Clarion. 

Clarion, t^. p v.. and cap. Clarion co., Pmn. : on the 
S. E. side of Clarion r., 152 m. W. X. W. Ilarrisburg. The 

129 



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TiM»ga« situate on the Susquehanna --^.'^'-fj"'^^'''^^ 
pike^l m. E. of the river. Its site, Pi-^'.ous o IMO^as 
eoveredwiih pine wooils; it is now one of the most im 
r am , s'o f the interior, and h^ a population of ai.o^ 
?2 inLhitants. Two newspapers are P>" -;,'- 
t^wn, the "C. Register" (whig), and the "0. Democrat 

''t::;:::!:;rp.v.,orundyeo.,m:mm.N.N.E. 

'■Sl^^-river (or Great Ws e.), i^,.. : an — 
of Alle-hany r., from the N. E., and about ,0 m long. 1 
^n«idle fur boats for 50 or 60 m., l>ut is prine.pally used 
to float°lown timber to PitlsViurg, etc. ^ 

Clabk, p. o., Mereer CO., Penn- 204 m. Vf. N. W. 

"c^Tu^B^ounty, Ala. Situate S. W., 'between the Alaba- 
ma and Tombigbce rivers, and contams 1,382 sq. m. Tl e 
ZZ is drained by a large number of creeks fa^^mg mto 
the border rivers. Surface uneven, but generally low. 
So«frerent, except on the streams, and -here he lands 
are frequently inundated. Cotton and corn are he prmev- 
pal agrieultural prnducla. Farms 450; manuf. 16 ; dwel . 
873, and pop.-wh. 4,901, fr. col. 9, si. 4,s7fr-lotal 9,.b6. 
Capital: Clarksvillc. 

CLARKE cnuntv, .1-*. Situate S. Vf. centrally, and con- 
,».ins 684 sq. m. Drained by Washita r., ^vWeh runs on > 
E border, and its niunerous tributaries-one, the Little M.s 
rourl r., forming its S. and W. borders. The surface is 
billv and broken, and the soils, except on the margins of 
the" streams, sterile. The chief products are cotton and 
Indian corn. Farms 302 ; manuf. 2 ; dwell. ^'^'l^'T 
wh. 8,113, fr. col. 7, sL S7^total 3,995. CapUal: Arkadcl- 

^"clarke county, Ga. Situate N. centrally, and contains 
414 sq. m. Drained by the tributaries of Oconee r , which 
traverse it from N. to S. Surface elevated and undulating. 
Soils fcrlile, producing cotton, Indian corn, wheat, etc., 
abnndantlv. Farms 400; manuf. 65 ; dwelL 1,024, and pop. 
-wh. 5,5i"d. fr. col. 15, si. 5,5S9-total 11,119. Capdal: 
Athens. VuUic Works : Athens Branch of Georgia E. Iv., 
extending from Cnion Point, 40 m. 

Clarke county, ///. Situate E., and contains 46S sq m. 
Drained by Embarras r. and tributaries of Wabash r., which 
forms its E. border. Surface chiefly rolling prairie-in the 
E. somewhat hilly and broken. SoUs fertile Iarm3 6.3b^ 
manuf. 14; dweU. 1,021, and pop.-wh. 9,494 fr col. 38- 
total 9,532. Capital: Marshall. PuUic Works: Terre 
Haute and Alton E. E. 

Clarkk county, I,al. Situate on Ohio r., and contains 
400 s,,. m. Surface usually rolling, but nowhere hilly, ex- 
cept the Ohio bluffs, and the chain of " Knobs" on t be W . 
and N W. borders. Silver cr. and Fourteen JIde er., 
with some lesser streams, drain the soils, which are chiefly 
calca-rcous, and very productive. In the N. part o the CO 
are some wet lands, which are more fit for grasses than the 
cereals. Farms 1,04S ; manuf. S3 ; dwell. 2,757, and pop.- 
wh 16 24C,fr.col.6SS-totaU6,S2S. C«7>;toi ; Charlestown, 
The Jeffersonville and Columbus E. E., and the New Albany 
and Salem E. E. traverse the county. 

ClAEKE county, la. Situate S., and contains 482 sq. m. 
Drained by the head waters of Chariton r., and numerous 
tributaries of Dcs Moines r., of which White K"™' "■' 
Otter cr., Squaw cr., ami South r. are the principal. The 
S W corner is drained by the head waters of Oooked I ork 
of Grand r Surface elev.tted, and in the middle of the co. 
forms the watershed between Dcs Moines and Grand rivers. 
Soils fertile and deep. Farms-; manuf. --; dwell. 14, 

and pop.-wh. 79, fr. col. 0-total 79. Cap.tal : -. 

Clarke county, K.J. Situate E. eenlrally, and eonlains 
812 sq. m. Drained by Upper ami Lower Howard creeks, 
and Three .Mile cr., tributaries of Kcntm'ky r., which forms 
the S.line of the co. Surface generally level, and soils 
good, producing largely Indian corn, hemp, and tobacco, 
180 



? 09, fr.col. 184, si. 4,S4tl-total 13.«*3- /'"J'";' • ^^"■ 
lii^tW. ^--"^*^'^— ttnTA— 
.^rrJ'S:.^r;5CsrDraikedbythoChiek. 

S.tirg=;;:x;,^^^ 

.Uvell 031 and pop.-wh. 8,823, IV. col. 6, si. 1,048 lou 
5.49" a/X«- Quitman. ' PMlc Work.: Mobde and 

"ctA";.^' county, Mo. Situate N. E., and contains 520 
sq m lUs S'ed on the E. by the Mississippi r., and on 

r n ffV CO in si 604-total 5,52T. Capital : Waterloo. 

dwell. 8,753 and ^^V■--'^p^^^-\^■^^\ \,^^ ^^.,, „„a 
S::1^eT7 mle ^ r.. E. ; Sprlngfleld, Mount 
Ve :on and Pittsburg E. E. ; Ohio Centra. E^I^, etc 

n VR^E county, Oreg. Slmate on the N. E. side 01 tie 
CdmnWa r , and ontahis 40,000 sq. m. Cowlit. r hounds 
H on beV W., and receives, with the Columbia, the dram- 
':e ^nhc co.'by a number of '"^^ streams. There arc 
several isolated peaks in the CO., as Mount St. He ens, and 
Cane Ho n, the latter on the N. bank of Columbia r. ; the 
surface otherwise, is heantifuUy diversiBed, weU wooded, 
an b ;flne sods. There are scvertll small lakes near .^ 
W.i;;."der. Farms7; manuf. 4 ; dwelL 95 -a pop.-wh. 
592 fr col. 51-total 04.3. arjwtoi: Columbia City. 

C, .EKE county, rvv. Situate N. E., and contains 280 
,q m DraiTc bv Opequan r. and tributaries of Shenan- 
doah" w'lch run; centrally through it. The surface is 
un - n, and on the E. mountainous, the Blue Eidge orm- 
h""its E. border. Soils of good quality, producing whea , 
c^n, a!d oats largely. The mountain region orms excd- 
lent pasmre for sheep and cattle. Farms 2. manu^^^4. 
dweU. 036, and pop.-wh. 3,015, fr. col. 123, si. 3,014-total 
7 852. CapU<d: iierrywrne. -,,-u:,^ 

cIarks,'.. and p. o., Coshocton ca, 0!^: ou White 
Woman-s r., 03 m. N. E. Columbus. Pop. m. 

Clarksbouovgii, p. v., Gloucester CO ^V. J«.. 3, m. 
s S W. Trenton. Chiefly inhabited by the Quakers. 
"clarksrvroii, p. v., Decatur co., Ind.: 48 m. E. h. L. 

Indianapolis. . „ r„ • nn Salt 

CLARKSBCRGU, p. V., and cap. Lewis CO ^y-^""^"^' 

Lick cr., 4 m. S. of the Ohio r., and 91 m. E. IN. L. 

^cL'— on, P.V., Indiana co.,P«»..:120m.W.byN. 

°CLAt;;:n.Ean, p. v., Montgomery co., m." on the E. 
,^I.it,leSenecacr.,52m.W.K^W^Annapohs^_^^_ 
CLAKKSBlIRGn, p. v., hric CO., -v. 

'"clARKSt^tnion, p. v., Monmouth co., A'. Jer. : 16 m. E, 
^CL':R";snr.o„,p.v.,Eosseo.,0/,i-o..ontheN.Iincof 

^°?^r;^.r;^:,^C Harrison CO., n,.. on 

M „»hela r 193 m N. W. Eichmond. It is a thnvins: 

1™ ,' 1 ftwo Xapers, the "Harrison Eepublican 

w i"l and the •• C. Denmerat," published weekly, and « 11 

l;,,,r,ly' Weat commercial facilities by the Nortb-west- 



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em It. II., wliicli will pass through or near it. Top. ^bout 
1,200. 

Claek's Coenees, p. 0., Ashtabula co., Ohw: 162 m. 
N. E. Columbus. Pop. 1,454, 

Clark's Factoey, p. o., Di'Iinvarc co., K. Y. : C7 ni. S. W. 
Albany. 

CLAnKSFiKLD, t. and p. v., Huron co., Ohio: on Vorniil- 
lion r.. i^S m, N. by E. Colimilius. 

Claek's Foek, p. o., York disU, S. Car. : CD in. N. 
Columbia. 

Claek's Fork, p. o.. Cooper ca. Mo. : on Clark's Fork 
of Liltlo Saline r., a tributary of the Missouri, 84 m. W. N.W. 
Jefferson City. 

Clark's Gt.een, p. o., Luzerne co., Penn. 

Claek's Mills, p. o., Moore co., 2^. Car. : on Lumber r., 
61 m. S. W. Raleigh. 

Claek's Mills, p. o., Ilempstoad co., ArA:: US m. S.W. 
Littio Rock. 

Claek's Mills, p. o., ■VTasIiinglon co., Vtiy. : 252 m. 
W. 8. W. Richmond. 

Clark's Rivee, p. o., CaUaway co., /Q/. .- on the r. so 
calit-d, 210 m. S. W. Frankfort. 

Clarksos. t and p. v., Monroe oo., 2i. Y. : on the S. side 
of Lake Ontario, and drained by Salmon and Sandy creeks, 
210 m. "W. by N. Albany. Tlie v. situate on the Ridge 
Rtiad. has several manufactures. Pop. uf t. 4,550. 

Clarkpos, p. v., Columbiana ca, Ohio: 123 m. N. E. 
Columbus. 

(■larkson Cen-tee, p. v., Monroe co., A''. Y.: 212 m. 
W. by N. Albany. 

Claekston, p. v., Oakland co., M/c7i, : on a small lake 
forming one of the sources of the N. branch of Rouge r., DD 
m. v.. Lansing. 

Clarkstown, t, p. v., and cap. Rockland c<)., K Y.: on 
the W.side of Hudson r.,102m. S. Albany. Thet. conliiina 
a small lake (called Rockland Lake, so famous for its iee), 
whieh empties into Hackcnsaek r. New City is the name 
of tho village in which the co. buildings are located. Pop. 
3,111. 

Claekrville, p. v., and cap. Clarke co., Ahi. : on the N. 
of Jackson's er. of Torabigbee r., 9G m. S. W. Montgomery. 

Clarksville. p. v.. and eap. Jcjhnson co.. ArA:: on a 
cr. of tUe Arkansas, 3 m. N. of that r., and Si m. N. W. 
Liltie Rock. 

Clarksville, p. v., and cap. ITabcrsliara co., Oft.: on 
Tugaloe r.,a tril>utary of the Savannah, 113 m. N.Milledge- 
ville. It is a v. of some 300 inhabitants. 

Claeksville, p. v., Anne Arundel co., Md. : S7 ni. N.^Y. 
Annapolis. 

Clarksville, p. v.. Pike co., Jfo. : on the W. bank of the 
Mississippi r., SS m. N, E. Jefferson City. 

Claeksville, p. v., Ilunterdon co.^ A\ Jfi: : on Spruce 
Run, at the L. base of Musconelcong Mountain, 42 m. N. by 
W. Trenton. Iron and other ores are found in llie wlioh^ 
district. The New Jersey Central K. R. passes through the 
v., 47 m. from Elizabethport, and 17 tVoni Kastoii. 

Clarksville, p. v., Albany co.. A' ]'. ; m, W. by S. 
Albany. 

Clarksville. p. v., CUnton co., OJa'o: on Todd's cr. of 
the Little Miami r., 03 m. S. W. Columbu-s. It is u consid- 
erable v.. and lies on the raUroad route from Cincinnati to 
Zancsvillc. 

Clarksville. p. v., Greene co.. Pi/ni.: at the; junction 
of the N. and S. forks of Ten Mile er. of llie Mnnntigaliela 
r.. lOS m. W. I)y S. Ilarrisburg. 

Claeksville, p. v.. anil eap. Mruitcroinery co., T' mi. : on 
the N. side of Cumberl.and r., at the mouth of Red r., 4tJ m. 
N. W. Nashville. It is a large and imporlant v., and has a 
large trade. There arc pul)Ii.slied here tlie 'srefler.*ionian" 
(dora.), the " C. Clrrnnide" (\vliig\ an<i the " Ledger" 
(whig), weekly, and tlie " Monthly Visitor" (literary). The 
R. R. from Nashville to Ileruier^nn, will p:i^i through 
Clarksville. 



Clabksville, p. v., and cap. Red River co., 7kp. ; 336 
m. N. E. Austin City. 

Claeksville, p. v., Mechlenburg co., Vlrg. : on the 8. 
side of Dan r., 92 m. S. W. Richmond. 

Clarksville, p. v., Spartanburg dist, S. Car. : 73 ra. 
N. N. W. Columbia. 

Claeksville, p. v., Ilamilton co., Ind.: 24 m. N. by E. 
Indianapolis. 

Claeksville, v., Clarke co., Ind. : on tho N. hank of the 
Ohio r., about equi-dislant between New Albany and Jeffer- 
sonville, 100 m. S. by E. Indianapolis. Once a thriving 
tillage, Clark-sville has been supplanted in business Ity its 
more enterprising neighbors. 

Clarysville, p v., Sullivan co., A^. Y. : 90 m. S. 8. W. 
Albany, 

Clatsop county, Oreff- Situate on the Pacific, imme- 
diately S. of Columbia r., and contains 0,000sq.m. Drained 
S. by Killamook r., flowing to the ocean, and tiic Tualatin 
r., a tributary of Willamette r., and in the N. W. by tribu- 
taries of tho Columbia r. The surface is generally rolling, 
but barely wooded. Coal has been found in several parts. 
Farms 24 ; manuf. 2 ; dwell. 91, and pop.— wh. 4.5S, fr. col. 
4— total 462. Capital: Astoria. 

Clauselville, p. v., Monroe co., Ala. ; SO ni. S.'U'. Mont- 
gomery. 

Claussville, p. v., Lehigh co., Ptiui.: 00 m. E. N. E. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Claverack, t. and p. v., Columbia co., N. Y. : on Clav- 
erack cr., 31 m. S. by E. Albany. Tlie v. is about 4 m. E. 
of Hudson City, and is intersected l)y the Hudson and 
Berkshire R. R. The Harlem Extension R. R. also traverses 
the t. in its E. part. Pop. 3,208. 

Claverack river, AC Y. : rises in Columbia co., and runs 
into Kinderhook cr., near its mouth. It is a good mill- 
stream. 

Clay county. III. Situate S. centrally, and contains 40S 
sq. ni. Drained by tributaries of Little Wabash r. Surface 
level prairie, and soils fertile — wood along the streams. 
Farms 237; manuf. 0; dweU. 715, and pop. — wh. 4,'Ji5.s, fr. 
col. 21— total 4,2S9. Capital: Maysvillc. Puhlic Work^i : 
Cineinnali and St. Louis R. R. 

Clay county, Ind. Situate W., and contains 800 sq. m. 
Eel r. and its tributaries drain the lauds. Surface generally 
level. Soils good, and timber abundant. In the S. W. are 
some beautiful prairies. Coal and iron arc found in all 
parts. Farms S29 ; manuf. 10 ; dwell. 1,320, and pop. — 
wh. 7.D2G, fr. col. IS— total 7,044. Ctp/tal: Rowling Green. 
}*idilic Works : Terre Ilaule and Richmonil K. R.. and 
Wabash and Erie Canal. 

Clay county, la. Situate N. W., and contains 570 sq. m. 
Taken (Voni I'otlowattomee co. in 1S51. 

Clay county, Ki/. Situate S. E., and contains SSO sq. m. 
Drained by Sturgeon, Sexton's, Goose, Red Bird, and other 
ereeks of the S. fork of Kentucky r. Surface generally 
unfhilaling. Soils of average fertility. Salt springs and 
bituminous coal contribute much to the wealth of the county. 
Farms 511 ; manuf. 11 ; dwell. 7S2, and pop.— wh. 4,73D, fr. 
col. 1C7, si. 51&-totaI 5,421. Capital : Manchester. 

Clay county. Mo. Situate N. W., and contains 432 sq. m. 
Drained by Smith's Fork of Platte r., and by Fishing and 
other creelvs of Missouri r., wliich bounds the co. on the 
S. Surface undulating, and soils of the most fertile deseri]!- 
tion. The products are Indian corn, oats, and tobaceo. 
Farms 044; manuf. 42: dwell. 1,352, and pop. — wh. 7,5r5, 
IV. col. 5, sL 2,742— total 10,3-12. Capital: Liberty. 

Clay, p. v., Yancey co., N. Car. : 2()4 m. W. Ra- 
leigh. 

Clay, p. v., La Salle m.. ]il : 129 m. X. N. E. Spring- 
field. 

Clay, t. and p. o., Onondaga co.. .V. 1'. .- on the E. side 
of Oswego r., 12S m. W. by X. Albany. The Oneida and 
Seneca rivers unite in this t., forming Oswego r. The p. o. 
is located in the v. of IJelgium. Pop. of t. 3,402. 

131 



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Clay, p. v., SI. Clair co., Mo. : 93 m. W. S. W. Jefferson 
City. 

Clat, p. v., Wasiiington co., 7a.; 30 m. 8. by W. Iowa 
City. 

CiAT Hill, p. o., Marengo co., Ala.: 89 m. E. Mont- 
gomery. 

Clat IIili,, p. o., Torlc dial., S. Car. ; 66 m. N. Co- 
Jumbiu. 

Clay Lick, p. o., Owon co., .fi"y, .• 23 m. N. Franl;fort. 

Clav Pool, p. v., Kosciusko co., Ind. : on a small lake 
which forms the head of a tributary of Tippecanoe r., 90 m. 
N. by E. Indianapolis, • 

Clatsville, p. v., Marshall co., Ala.: on the N. side of 
the Tennessee r., 126 m. N. Montgomery. The r. at this 
point has its extreme S. bend. 

Clatsville, p. v., Boone co., Mo. : 25 m. N. by W. 
Jefferson City. 

Clavsville, p. T., ■Washington co., Iiiil. : on Lost cr., 70 
m. S. by W. Indianapolis. 

Clatsville, p. v., Harrison co., Ki/. : on the W. side of 
Licking r., 4S m. N. E. Frankfort. 

Clatsville, p. v., Washington co., Peiiu.: 19T m. W. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Clatsville, p. v.. Wood co., Tlrg. : 240 m. W. N. W. 
Richmond. 

Clatsville, p. v., Guernsey co., Ohio : in the S. W. part 
of the CO., 63 ra. E. Columbus. 

Clattox county, la. Situate W. of Mississippi r., in the 
N. E., and conlains TBS sq. in. Drained chiefly by Turkey 
cr. and its tributaries. Surface elevated, unihilating, and 
about equally divided between prairie and woodland. 
Soils of exhaustlesa fertility. Farms 200 ; manuf. 12 ; dwell. 
728, and pop.— wh. 3,871, fr. col. 2— total 8,873. Capital : 
Garnavillo. 

Clatto.n', p. v., and cap. Barbour Co., Ala. : on the high 
land forming the watershed between Pea r. and Chatta- 
hoochee r., 60 m. S. E. Montgomery. 

Clavto.v, p. v., Berks co., Petm, : 58 m. E. N. E. Ilar- 
risburg, 

Clavtoic, p, v., and cap. Rabun co., Ga. : in a hilly 
region, at the S. base of the Clue Eidge, and about 3 m. N. 
of Tullalah r, a tribuLiry of the Savannah r, 122 in. N. 
Milledgevillc. 

Clatton, p. v., Adams eo.. III. : on the Quincy and 
Mount SUrliug road, 72 m. W. N. W. Spriugdtld. 

Clatton, t. and p. v., Jefferson co., X. Y. : on the E. side 
of St. Lawrence r., 153 m. N. W. Albany. Chaumont r. and 
French cr. drain the I. The v. lies immediately on the 
banks of the St. Lawrence. Pop. 4,19], 

Clatton, p. v., Lenawee co., Mich. 

Clatton, p. v., Monlgomcrj- co., Ohio : 74 in. W. by S. 
Columbus. 

Clavtona, p. T., Morgan CO., Ohio : 06 m. E. S. E. 
Columbus. 

Clattoxville, p. v., Henderson co., N. Car. : on the W. 
Bide of French Broad r., 2iS m. W. S. W. Raleigh. 

Clat Tillace, p. v., .Shelby co.. Ay. .• on the Louisville 
and Frankfort post road. 12 m. W. Frankfort. 

Clattille, p. v., Oneida co., X. K .■ in the S. E. part 
of the CO., 70 m. W. N. W. Albany. 

Clattille, p. v.. Providence co., /?, /. 

Clear Bhaxcii, p. o., Washington co., Virg. : 234 m. 
W. S. W. Kichmond. 

Clear Creek, p. o., Mechlenburg Co., X. Car. • 122 m 
W. S. W. Raleigh. 

Clear Creek, p. o., Daviess co., J/b. ; on a cr. of Grand 
r. so called, 123 ni. N. W. Jefferson City. 

Clear lake, X.Y.: is one of a cluster of small lakes, lying 
in the t. of .\lexandria, Jefferson co. 

Clear Creek, p. v., Chautauque co.. ^V. Y. : on Clear cr. 
of Conewango cr, 373 m. W. S. W. Albany. 

Clear Creek, p. o., Greene eo., Tmn. .■ 224 m. E. Nash- 
ville. 

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Clear Creek, t. and p. o., Fairfield co., Ohia: 29 m. S. by 
E. Columbus. 

Clear Crj:EK Landisg, p. o., Alexander co.. III. : on 
Clear cr., In the N. W. part of the cm, 173 m. S. Spring- 
field. 

Clearfield county, Penn. Situate W. centrally, and 
contains 1,42S sq. in. Drained by numerous creeks and 
tributaries of the W. branch of Susquehanna r., which tra- 
verser the county from S. NV. to N. E. With some exeep- 
ti(tns the surface is rough and the soils only moderately 
fertile. Some iron is prodaccd. The agricultural sLiplcs 
arc grain and some provisioi.-s. Farms 2,317 ; manuf. 122 ; 
dwell. 2.157, and pop.— wh. 12,4S2, fr. col. 104— total 12,5S6i 
Capital : ClearBeld. 

CLEARriELD, p. V., and cap. Clearfield co., Penn. .- on the 
S. side of the W. branch of Susquehanna r., 100 ni. N. W, 
llarrisljurg. It is a flourlslting place, and has a weekly 
newspaper, called the " Country Dollar" (dem.), which has a 
circulation of 700 copies, 

Clearfield Bridoe, p. o., Clearfleld co., Penn. : on 
Clearfeld cr., 104 m. N. Vi. Ilarrisborg. Clearlleld cr. is a 
considerable tributary of the W. brancli of the Susquehanna 
r., which it joins near the v. of Clearfield. 

Clear Fork, p. o., Whitley co.. Ay. ; on Clear cr. of 
Cumberland r., 122 m. S. S. E. Frankfort. 

Clear Fork, p. o., Tazewell CO., Virg. : on Clear Fork 
of Sandy r.,247 m. W. by S. Riclimond. 

Clear Fork Mills, p. o., .Tolmson co.. Mo.: on Clear 
Fork of Black Water r., 70 m. W. Jefferson City. 

Clear Laije, p. o.. Fort Bend co., Tex. : 159 m. S. K, 
Au-stin City. 

CLEAiaioNT, p. v., Warren CO., Titm. : 50 m. S. E. 
Nash\ille. 

Clear Poist, p. o., Hart co., Ki/. : 0=i m. S. W. Frank- 
fort. 

Clear Spring, p. o., Greenville dist., ,5'. Car.: 112 m. 
N. W. Columbia. 

Clear Spring, p. o., Kosciusko co., Ind. : 95 m. N. by E. 
Indianapolis. 
Clear Spring, p. o., Chickasaw co., Mrss. 
Clear Spring, p. o., Granger co., Ter.n. : 153 in. E, 
Nashville. 

Clear Spring, p. o„ Washington eo., Mrl. : at the E. 
base of North Mountain, 78 m. N. W. Annapolis. The 
" Clear Spring Sentinel'' (whig) is published at this pl,icc 
weekly. 
Cleaesville, p. v., Bedford CO., Pam. 
Clear Water, p. o., Chippewa co., Wise. : on the M. 
side of L'Eau Claire cr of the Chippewa r., 165 m. N. W. 
Madison. 

Cleaveland county, If. Car. Situate S. W., and con- 
tains 010 sq. m. Drained by tributaries of Broad r., which 
crosses the S. W. corner of the eo. ; these afford good 
water-power. Surface somewhat uneven. In the S. E. 
comer is King's Mountain, an isolated hill, noted as the 
scene of a famous b.iltle. Farms 961 ; manuf. 13 ; dwell. 
1,.526, and pop.— wh. 8,592, fr. col. 57, si. 1,747— total 10,390. 
Capital: Shelby. 

Cleaveland, p. v., and cap. Bradley co., Tenn. : on the 
East Tennessee and Georgia E. it., 123 m. S. E. Nashville, 
and 30 m. ft-om Dalton. 

Cleaveland, p. v., Oswego co., jV. Y. : on the N. side of 
Oneida Lake. 122 m. W. N. W. Albany. It is a busy vil- 
lage and has some manufactures. 

Clement, p. v., Hancock co., Ohio: 81 m. N. N. W. 
Columbus. 

Clemmonstille, p. v., Davidson CO., K Car. : on the E. 
side of Yadkin r., 102 m. W. by N. Raleigh. 

Clesdeni.v, p. o., Canawha co., Virg. : 233 m. W. by N. 
Richmond. 

Clermont county, Ohio. Situate S. W., and contains 
4'4 .sq. m. Drained by the E. fork of Little Miami r., and 
Stone Lick and other creeks tributarv to it. The S. and S. W. 



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parts of the co\inty are drained by several creeks running 
to the Ohio r., which forras its borders in those directions. 
Along the Ohio the surface is hiHy and broken ; in ollu-r 
parts chiefly level, and occasionally wet; soils rich and fer- 
tile, and timber plentiful in the bottoms. Prodticts wheat, 
oorn, ami tolwceo, witli pork and beef. Farms *J,0l'S ; 
manuf. ITS; dwell. 5,4ST, and pop.— w!i. f:n.()44, tr. col. 411 
—loUil 30,455. C<ipital: Catavia, PuhNc }V<>rks: ancin- 
□ati and Hillsboro' R. R., LiUle Miami K. K., etc 

Clebmokt, p. v., Kichlaud co., IlL : 514 m. ti. K. Spring- 
field. 

Cleemont, t. and p. o., Columbia co., JT. I',- on the W. 
of Aneram cr., 3S m. S. by E. Albany. The v. lies on the 
post road, between Albany and New York. IV'p. l,13iX 

Clermont, p. v., Mai-ioa ca, Ind, : on E:igle cr,, ra. 
W. N. W. Indianapoljg. 
Cleejiont Mills, p. o., Harford co., JfiL 
Clermontville, p. V,, M'Kean co^ Ftrrcii, : 132" m. N-W. 
Ilarrisbiirg. 

Cleveland, p. city, port of entry, and cap. Cuyahoj^a co., 
Ohio: on Cuyahoga r., where it discbarges into Lake Erie, 
i2G m. N. N. E. Cohmibus. Lat, 41° 31' 07" N., and long. Sio 
45' 5T" W. Cleveland is the commercial emporium of north- 
cm Ohio, and seco;id only to Cincinnati in p<^ulation and 
general progress. It possesses great facilities for the transit 
of goods and passengers: the Ohio Canal, extending to the 
Ohio r. at Portsmout^i, 309 m., has its northern terminus 
here, and another canaL, branching off from it at'/Vkrun, 
connects it with Pittsburg. It is ennnccted with all the 
ports of L;dcc Erie by the lake shore cliain of railroads 
-extending from Niagara Falls to Milwaukie; with Pitt»- 
^urg, by the Ohio and Pennsylvania R. R., and the Cleve- 
land and Pittsburg Pi, R. ; and with Cincinnati by the Cleve- 
land, Columbus, and Cincinnati R. R. : these, uniting with 
the various railroads running to the sea-board at Boston, 
New Vork, Philadelphia, Baltimore, etc., to tlie eouthward 
Into Kentucky, Tennessee, etc., to Charleston, Savannah, 
Mobile, and New Orleans, and to tlie westward to and 
^leyond the Mississippi r.. give it access to every part of the 
siltlc'd portion of Che Union, and serve as conduiLs of the 
^':^st commerce which centres at this poinL And be-sides 
these great avenues, it has numeroos plank and macadam- 
ized roads leading from it in all directions ; and its telegraphic 
connections extend to every important city from the British 
Provinces to New Orleans, and from the Atlantic to the 
utmost western bounds of civilization. Regular linis of 
steamboats ply to Duiikirk, to Buffalo, to Bctroit, to Toledo, 
and Sandusky, and to the upper lake country. 

Cleveland is one of those great cities of the "West that 
have risen up as if by magic within the past twenty years. 
In ISiO the place contained less than l,OtiO inhaiiilauts ; in 
1S40 it had 6,071, and in 1S50 its population amoimted to 
17,034. It derives its name from Ger>eral Muses Cleveland, 
an agent of the Connecticut Land Company, who accom- 
panied the first surveying parly upon the Connecticut 
Western Preserve. The place on which the city now stands 
■w:is surveyed under his direction in 179G. In 1T09 there 
waa but one family residing here, and even in 1625 there 
were under 600 persons within its limits. In 1S14 Cleve- 
Jand was incorporated as a tillage, and in lSo6 it received 
a city charter. 

The city, except a small portion of it immediately on the 
river, is built on a gravelly plain, SO feet above Lake Erie, 
of wiiich it has a commanding prospect. The locaU(m is 
<lr3' and healthy, and tiie new of the meandering*; of the 
Cuyahoga r., and of the steamboat and lake craft ever 
enttTing or leaving the harbor, or on tho waters of the 
lake to the horizon, presents a fine picture of commercial 
activity. The conntrj' around is replete with rich scenery, 
and for miles around is under a high state of cultivation. 

The plan of the city is rectangular, the streets being 
usually 80 feet wide, except Main-street, running through 
the miildle of the city which is 120 feet wide. Near the 



centre there is a public square of 10 acres, divided into 
four equal parts by intersecting streets, neatly inclosed and 
adorned with shade trees. The Court House fronts on this 
square. The city contains numerous well-built churcties 
of all denominations, public institutions, schools, etc. Many 
of the private dwellings are expensive and tasteful. The 
harbor is one of the best ok the lake ; it is formed by the 
mouth of the Cuyahoga, and improved by a pier on each 
side, extending 425 yards into the lake, '200 feet apart, and 
faced with suljstantial masonry. The natural advantages 
of the harbor are unsurpassed in the West There is a 
light-house on the high bank of the lake, and another at 
the entrance to the harbor. The coast-wise commerce of 
Cleveland, in the ycM- 1S50, amounted in value to 
$13,886,531, of which $7,030,957 represented the imports, 
and $6,S55,556 that of the exports- The shipping owned in 
the district was 35,315 tons, of which 0,994 tons were nav- 
igated by steam-power. The shipping built within tho 
year was 686 tons. Cleveland has also considerable com- 
merce with Canada. The great bulk of its commercial 
material, however, is now conveyed on the railroads and 
canals, to and from the sea-board, etc., but the exact amount 
can not be ascertained. 

Manufacturing, though in its infancy, is carried on to 
some extent Most of the engines, and other equipments 
for the steamboats and railroails of the neighborhood, are 
manufactured at the Cuyahoga Steam Furnace ; and there 
are also two large flouring mills here, one worked by steam, 
and the other by the surjilus water of the Ohio -Canal. Of 
the ordinary mechanical trader ttiere is a fair representa- 
tion, and among them are several extensive eatiibliahmonta. 
The public schools of the city are numerous, and are 
under efficient management. The buildings are generally 
Kit' brick ; that on 9L Clair-street is an ornament to the city. 
The course of instruction is graduated, and when the 
gcholars are sufficiently advanced, they are promoted to the 
high school, ui which they are instructed in several branch- 
es of natural science. There are also many highly efficient 
private schools and seminaries ; and the city has several 
literary associations and reading rooms. At the Lyceum 
lectures are delivered during the winter evenings. There 
are three musical halls in the city. The public press of the 
city consists of tliree daily newspapers (wliich issue, also, 
T/eekly editions), and two weekly newspapers. The dailies 
are, the "C. Herald" (whig), the "C- Plaindealer" (dem.), 
and the "True Democrat"' (free soil); and the weeklies 
are, the " C. Advertiser" (neutral), and the "■ C. Germauia" 
(Oerm. dem.) 

CMiio City, on the r^posite side of the Cuyahoga r.. is 
virtually a part of Cleveland; but it has a separate incorpo- 
ration. It is in the same position as New York City and 
Brooklj-n, distinct corporations, wiUi interests alike. The 
nmnicipal .authorities of Cleveland consist of a mayor, 
and one alderman and three councilmeu for each ward. 
The police arrangements of tlie city are excellent, and the 
cleanliness and order of the place are remarkable. 

Ci-EVES, p. v., Hamilton co^ Ohio: on the Miami r., and 
about a mile from the Ohio, at North Bend, 113 m. S. W. 
Columbus. It is a thriving v,, and has about 300 inhabit- 
ants. 

Cliffoud, p. v., Susquehanna co^ Ftnin. : 224 m. N. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Clift Mills, p. o., Fauquier co., Virg. : S2 m. N. by W. 
Richmond. 
Cliftox, p. v., Madison co., Flor. 

Ci-rFTY Ceerk, 2/d.: a small strcani in .IcfT«rson co., 
which falls into the Ohio r. a mile below Madison. It is 
remarkable for its cascades, at one of which llie water falls 
over 100 feet within a short distance. The dark, d<-ep gulf 
and rugged cliffs present much picturesque sccner}', etc. 

Cltptox, p. v., King George co., Virff. : SG m. N. N. E. 
Richmond. 
I Cluton, p. v., Greene co., Ohio: at the lidJs of the Liille 

133 



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Miami r., 46 m. S. by "W. Columbus. The v. enjoys im- 
mense hydraulic power, and has several important manu- 
factures. The country in the neig^hlnirhoort is one of the 
finest agricultural districts in the State. Pop. 252. 

Clifton, p. v., Luzerne co., Penn. : 113 m. N, E. Harris- 
burg. 
Clifton, p. v., Penobscot co., Me. 

CLtPTON, p. v.. Monrge co., y. Y.: 194 m. "W. by N. 
Albany. 

CLrrroN, p. v., Wayne co., Tenn. : S4 m. S. W. Nash- 
ville. 

Clifton, p. v., Jefferson co., Mo. : on the W. bank of the 
Mississippi r., 102 m. E. by S. Jefferson City. 

Clifton Fokge, p. v., Alleghany co., Vtrff.: 143 m. 
W. hy N. Richmond. 

Clifton Milus. p. o., Breckenridge co., iy. ; 00 m. 
"W. by S. Frankfort. 

Clifton Park. t. and p. v., Saratoga co., KT.: on tlie 
N. Ride of Mohawk r.. 10 m. S. of Ealston Spa, and 22 m. 
N. W. Albany. Pop. 2,803, 

Clifton Springs, p. v., Ontario co., JV". Y. : on the line 
of the Eoehester and Syracuse R. P.. 216 m. W. Albany. 
The sulphur springs at this place have become celebrated 
for their medicinal properties, and are occasionally resorted 
to by invalids. 

Clifty. p. v., Decatur co., IiKf. : on Clifty cr., 40 m. S. E, 
Indianapolis. 

Cliftt creek, Ind. : a tributary of White r., -which it 
joins 8 m. belo-tv Columbus. It is 50 m. long. The Indian 
name of this stream was Es-thc-nou-o-ne-ho-maque, or Cliff 
of Pocks River. 

Climax Prairie, p. o., Kalamazoo co., MicTi. : 53 m. 
8. W. Lansing. 

CLiNcn river, T7?'(7. and 7Wi«. ; rises in Tin^inia and 
passes info Tennessee, and after a course of about 200 m. 
unites with Ilolston r. at Kingston, thug forming Tennessee 
r. It is navigable for boats throughout the greater part of 
its course. 

Clink's Mili^, p. o., Augusta co., Jlrg. : 104 m. W. N. W. 
Eichmond. 

Cltngsian, p. v., Cleareland co., JV. Car. : 159 m.W. 9.W. 
Raleigh. 

CuNTON county, 177. Situate 8. W. centrally, and con- 
tains 46S sq. m. Drained by orer-ks of Kaskaskia r., which 
flows through it and forms tlic W. half of its S. border. Sur- 
face chiefly prairie with rich bottoms, and soils of extraor- 
dinary fertility, producing grains in abundance, and sup- 
porting much lire stock. Farms 62S; manuf. S; dwell. 
94", and pop.—wh. 5,002, fr. col. 137— total 5,189. Cap- 
iUit: Carlyle. Ptthlia Worls: Cincinnati and St. Louis 
E. R. 

Clinton connty. Ttid. Situate N. W. centrally, and con- 
fciins 432 sq. m. The streams are the middle and south 
forks of Wild Cat r.. Sugar cr., and others. Siu^face, except 
near the Wild Cat r., level or undulating, and the whole, 
with the exception of some small j)rairics. is heavily tim- 
bered : soils alhivial with a clay substratum. Wheat is 
produced largely, and murh attention is given to the rais- 
ing of rattle and hogs. Farms 1.411 ; manuf. 21 ; dwell. 
2,001, and pop.—wh. 11,^45, fr. col. 24— total ll.sr,9. Cap- 
ital: Frankfort. Public Works: Lafayette and Indian- 
apolis R. R. 

Clinton county, Ta. Situate E. on Mississippi r., and 
contains 643 sq.m. The Wapsipinieonr. forms its S. border 
ami also crosses the S. W. pari of the county, and with its 
tributaries drains a large surface. The N. is drained by 
tributaries of M."xkoqueta r., and the E. by creeks of the 
Mississippi. Surface undulating, and about equally cover- 
ed by wood and prairie; .soils excellent, deep, and rich. 
Farms 306 ; manuf. 10 ; dwell. 409, and pop.—wh. 2.802. fr. 
col. 20— total 2.S22. Capital: De Witt. Ptihlic Work^: 
Lyons and Iowa City R. P., and Camanche and Iowa City 
R.R. (both projected as yet). 
134 



CuNTOH county, Ay. Situate on the Tennessee State 
line, and contains 2:U sq. ni. Beaver, Otter, Little Indian, 
Obey's, and other creeks of Cumberland r., drain the in- 
terior. Surface diversified; soils iL-rtile. Tiie prcnlucts are 
Indian com, oat*, wheat, tobacco, etc. Farms 499 ; manuf, 
3; dwell. 7T4, and pop.— wU. 4,591, fr. col. 3C, si. 262— total 
4,SS9. Capikil: Albany. 

Cunton county, Mich. Situate on lower peninsula cen- 
trally, and contains 576 sq. m. Drained by Maprfe r., Stoncy 
cr., Looking-glass r. ; and other tributaries of Grand r. flow 
in a direction from E. to W. Gr:ind r. crosses its S. W. 
corner. Surface level ; soils usually good. Farms 614 ; 
manuf. 13; dwell. 946, and pop,— wh. 5,100, ft, col. 2— total 
5,102. Capital: De Witt. 

Clinton county, Mo. Situate N. W^ and contains 41G 
sq. m. Drained by Castile cr. and Smith's fork of Platte r., 
and by Shoal cr. of Grand r., with other streams tributary 
to the Missouri r. Surface level, two-thirds prairie; soils 
fertile, producing the grains, tob.acco, etc. Farms 334; 
manuf. ; dwell. 500, and pop.—wh. 8,S4G, fr. col. 1, sL 43» 
— tot:a3.7SG. Capital: Plattshurg. 

Clinton county, K Y. Situate N. E. comer of the 
State, on the W. shore of Lake Champlain S. of 45^ N. lat., 
and contains 933 sq. m. Drained by the Saranac, the 
Chazy, and the Au Sable, and other riveni, all of which 
empty into the lake, and in their courses afford extensive 
water privileges. There are several small lakes within the 
county," of which Chateaugay and Chazy lakes are the 
largest. The surface is beautifully diversified — in the S. and 
W. hilly; soils of an average fertility, and much of the sur- 
face is yet covered with forest. Iron ore of an excellent 
quality is found in the S. W., and has been extensively 
worlced ; black marble exists near Plattsburg, and granite 
and gneiss are the prevailing rocks, except a narrow strip 
of limestone formation along the lake shore. There are 
sulphur and carbonic acid springs at Beekmantown. The 
products of the county are wheat, com, and pork. Farms 
2,095; manuf. 461; dwell. 6,713, and pop.— wh. 39,9-^5, fr. 
col. 112— total 4ii,047. CapiUtl: PKattsburg. PuhUcM'orkif: 
Northern R. R. ; Plattsburg and Montreal R. R. ; and Cham- 
plain and St. Lawrence R. R. 

Clinton county, Ohio. Situate toward S. W., and con- 
tains 4;30 sq. m. Drained by several forks and oilier trib- 
utaries of Little Miami r., which affords good water-power. 
Surface chiefly level or undulating; soils deep and fertile, 
with timber in sufllciency. The protlucts arc Indian corn, 
wheat, and grasses, which feed immense numbers of live 
stock. Salt is found in the S. W. district. Farms 1,366; 
manuf. S3 ; dwell. 8,245. and pop.—wh. 1S.247, fr. col. 591 
—total 18,S33. Capital : Wilmington. PuUic TTorA'-s .- Cin- 
cinnati, Wilmington, and Z3nes\'ilte R. R., etc. 

Clinton county, Penn. Situate centrally in W., and 
contains S40 sq. m. Drained by creeks and tributaries of 
the W. branch of Susquehanna r., which flows through its 
middle. Surface rugged and hilly — in the S. mountainous ; 
soils of moderate fertility, and in some parts sterile. Iron and 
bituminous coal verj' abundant and extensively wrought. 
The agricultural products are wheat, oats, com, etc. Farms 
633 ; manuf 149 ; dwell. 1,930, and pop.—wh. 11,055, fr. col. 
152— total 11.207. Capital:'Lock Haven. Piimo Works: 
Sunbury and Erie E. R. 

Clinton, p. v., De Witt co., Tex.: SO m. S. by E. Austin 
City. 

Clinton, p. v., and cap. Van Buren co., Arl:.: at the 
mouth of Archer's cr. of Little Red r., 60 m. N. by W. Little 
Kock. 

Clinton, p. v., Henry co.. Mo. : on the N. side of Big 
creek of the Osjige r., S9 m. W. by S. Jefferson City. 

Clinton, t. and p. o., Middlesex co.. Conn. : on the N. 
of Long Island Sound, 36 m. S. S. E. Hartford. Pop. 
1,344. 

Clinton, p. v., Greene co,, Ala. : on a cr. of Little Ton> 
bigbee r., 93 m. W. by N. Montgomery. 



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Clinton, p. v., and cap. Jonoa co., Ga.: ou Walnut cr. 
of the Ockmulgee r., IS m. W. Milledgcville. 

Clinton, p. v., Ycrraillion co., In^. : on the "\V. side of 
"Waliush r. and canal, 65 m. W. by S. Indianapolis. It is a 
point from which considerable proilucc is shipped. 

Clinton, p. v., and cap. De AVitt co.. If/. : on the N. side 
of Salt cr. of Sangamon r.. 46 m. N. E. Springfield. 

Clinton, p. v., Hickman ro.. Ay. ; near the cenire of the 
county, on the N. side of the Bayou Des<Ita. 24S m.W'. S. "W, 
Frankfort. It is probable that tiie line of the Mobile and 
Ohio E. li. will pass througli or near this village. 

Clinton, p. v.. East Feliciana par.. La. : on the E. side 
of Conutc cr.. 83 m. N. E. Baton llouge. The Clinton and 
Port Hudson It. K. terminates here, 2-1 m. from Port Hud- 
son on the Missis.sippi r. 

Clintu>'. t. and p. v., Kennebec co., Jff. : on the E. side 
of tlie Kenn^-bfc, r., 22 m. N. by E. Augusta. The v. is 
situate on Sebastieook r., wliich runs through the t., and 
affonis extensive water-power. Mills and mauufaetoriesof 
various kinds aro numerons. Pop, oft, 1,74-3. 

Clinton, p. v., Lenawee co., 3tich. : on the E. side of 
the N. branch of Eaisin r., 53 m, S. E. Lansing. It is a 
fiourishing v., and has some manufactures and milling, also 
nn iron foundrj-, etc. 

Clinton, p. o., Hinds co., 3liss.: on the line of theYicks- 
burg. Brandon, and Jackson R. E., 10 ni. W. Jackson. Tlie 
Mississippi College, founded in 18;10, is located liere. 

Clinton, t. and p. v., Eock co., Wise. : on the S. of Tur- 
tle cr. of Eock r., 46 m. S. E. Madison. The v. is located 
on the post road, 10 m. E. from Beloit. Pop. 1,176. 

Clinton, p. v., and cap. Sampson co., iV! Cu/'. : on a 
branch of Black r., 54 m. S. S. E. Ealeigh. 

Clinton, p. v., Hunterdon co., N. Jer. : on the S. branch 
of Earitan r., SI m. N. by W. Trenton. It has an immense 
hydraulic power, and wUl become a mannfacturing v. of 
importance. The New Jersey Central K. E. i)asse3 it, 44 
m. from Elizabelhport and 20 from Easton. 

Clinton, t, Duchess co., K T. : 60 m. S. by E. Albany. 
Pop. 1,795. 

Clinton, p. v., Oneida co., JV! Y. : on both sides of Oris- 
kany cr.. and on the line of the Chenango Canal, 86 ra. 
W. N. W. Albany. It is a fiourishing v., and has both 
manufactures and trade, for which its position on the river 
and canal peculiarly adapts it It is noted for its tine sem- 
inaries, and about a mile W. of the v. is Hamilton College, 
the buildings of which are conspicuously situate on an 
eminence. 

Clinto:*^, p. v., Worcester co., Jlasfi. : on the N. side of 
Nashua r., and on the line of the Worcester and Nasliua 
E. E.. 16 in. from Worcester and 30 m. W. Boston. 

Clinton, t. an<i p. v.. Summit eo., Ohio : on Indian cr. of 
Tuscarawas r.. i>7 m. N. E. Columbus. The v. lies on the 
Ohio Canal, and is a place of considerable trade. Pop. 
1,196. 

Clinton, p. v., Alleghany co., Penn. : 17S m. W. Harris- 
burg. 

Clinton, p. v., and cap. Anderson co., Te>t7i. : on the 
N. branch of Clinch r. of the Tennessee, 144 m. E. Nash- 
ville. 

Clinton College, p. o., Smith co., Teiin. : 44 m. E. N. E. 
Nashville. 

Clinton Corners, p. o.. Duchess co., jV. Y. : 62 m. 
S. by E. Albany. 

Ci,intoni>ale, p. v., TTlster co., X. }'. ; 64 m. S. by W. 
Albany. 
Clinton Fltinace, p. v., Clarion co., Penn. 
Clinton Hollow, p. o., Ducliess co.. A"". Z.- 63 m. 
S. by E. Albany. 

Clinton river, Mich.: has its source in the numerous 
small lakes scattered over the central parts of Oakland co., 
and after collecting their waters, passes out of the county 
in a N. E. direction, and flowing thence S. E. and E., dis- 
charges into the N. part of Lake St. Clair oppoaite the , 



mouth of St. (_'lair r. It is aliout 50 m. long. Its principal 
tributaries are Nortli Fork, Stony cr., and Paint cr., wliich 
discbarge from the N. side, and Eed r. on the S. side. It is 
beatable to Eochoster 20 m., and after removing tiie bar at 
its mouth, vessels of the largest class can come to ML 
Clemens, 6 ni. from the lake. In its course it waters a beau- 
tif\il country and furnislies many mill sites. 

Clintonville, p. v., Bourbon co., Kij. : 36 ra. E. Frank- 
fort. The line of the railroad from Kno.wille to Covinglnn 
will pass through or near to this village. 

Clintonville, p. v., Clinton co., N. Y. : on the N. side 
of An Sable r., 10 m. W. of Port Kent on Lake Cluimplain, 
and 100 m. N. Albjuiy. Immense dejiosits of iron ore exist 
at this point, and furnaces and rolling mills have long been 
in successful operation. The v. contains about 1,200 in- 
habitants. 

Clintonville, p. v., Venango co., Penn. : 172 m.W. N.W. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Clintonville, p. v., Greenbrier co., Virg. : 15S ra. 
W. by N. Kiehmon.I. 

Clintonville, p. v., Franklin co., Ohio: on the Cleve- 
land, Columbus, and Cincinnati E. E., 5 in. N. Columbus. 
Clio, p. v., Wayne eo., Kij. : 9G m. S. Frankfurt. 
Clio, p. v., Marlborough dist., S. Car. : ST m. N. E. 
Columbia. 
Clio, p. v., Greene co., Ohio: 59 m. W. S. W. Culumbns. 
Clockville, p. v., Mailison co., 27. r. ; 84 m. W. by N. 
Albany. 

Clokey, p. o., Washington co., Penn.: 190 m. W. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Clopton*8 Mills, p. o., Putnam co., G(r. : on Little r.. a 
tributary of Ocooee r., 13 m. N. W. Milledgcville. The 
Eatonton E. E. passes near by llie mills. 

Cloutierville, p. v., Nachitoehes par., Zrr. ; on the E. 
side of Old r., 127 m. N. W. Baton Eouge. 
Clove, p. o., Sussex co., N. Jer. : oS m. N. Trenton. 
Clove, p. o.. Duchess eo., A1 Y. : on Clove Kill, a tribu- 
tary of Fisbkill, SO m. S. by E. Albany. 

Clover, p. r., Clermont co., Ohio : 92 m. S. W. Co- 
lumbus. 
Clover, p. v., Blair co,, Penn. 

Clover Bend, p. o., Lawrence co., Arl: : 102 m. N. N. E. 
Little Eock. 

Clo'\"er Bottom, p. o., Sullivan co., Tcnu. : 244 m. 
E. by N. Nashville. 

Clover Creek, p. o., Highland co., Vi/y. : on a er. so 
called, 134 m. W. N. W. Eiehmond. 

Cloveedale, p. o., Putnam co., In(7. : on Doe cr., a tribu- 
tary of Mill cr., 36 m. W. S. W. Indianai)olis. 

Cloverdale, p. 0., Botetourt co., Virg.: 136 m. W. 
Eiehmond. 

CLO^TiRDALE HoTEL, p. 0., Bath CO., Virg. : 1 22 m. W. N.W. 
Eiehmond. 

Clover Garden, p. o., Orango co., K. Car. : 32 m. N. W. 
Ealeigh. 

Clover Green, p. o., Spottsylvania co., Virg. : 46 m. N. 
by W. Eiehmond. 

CLO^'ER Hill, p. o., Hunterdon co., K.Jer.: 32 ui. N. 
Trenton. 

Clover Hill, p. o., Blount co., T<^nn.: 140 n;. E. by S. 
Niishville. 

Clover Hill. p. v., and cap. Appomattox co.. Virg. : 10 
m. W. by S. Eiehmond. 

Clover Hill, p. v., Green Co., Ky. : 69 ni. S. W. Frank- 
fort. 

Clover Land, t. .ind p. v., Clay co., Ind,: on the Na- 
tional Eoad. 5S m. W. by S. Indianapolis. 

Clover Orchard, p. o.. Orange co., A'. Car. : 36 m. N.W. 
Ealeigh. 

Clover Port, p. v., Breckenridge co., K)j. : on the S.side 
of the Ohio r., at tlie mouth of ('lover cr., 100 iil W. by 8. 
Frankfort It is an important point for shipping tobacco, 
and h,is about 7oU inhabitants. There is flue coal in the 

185 



CLO 



COE 



Tlcinity, and 4 m. in the interior are the White Sulphur, 
BreckeuridEje, and Tar Springs. 

Clover Poet, p. v., Ilardeman co., Tenn. : 143 m. 6. W. 
Nashville. 

Clovksville, p. v., Delaware co., K. Y. : 62 m. S. W. 
Albany. 

Cloyd's Creek, p. o., Blount co., Tenn.: 145 m. E. by S. 
Nashville. 

Clyattsvtlle, p. o.,* Lowndes co., Ga. : 14S m. S. 
Mill edgevi lie. 

Clyde, p.. v., "Wayne co., K. Y. : on the Clyde r., 153 m. 
W. Albany. It has a large number of mills, factories, and 
mechanic shops; and a newspaper, the "C. Telegraph," is 
published weekly. The Erie Canal, and the Kochester and 
Syracuse (direct) R. E. pass through iL 

Clyde, p. v., Whitesidos co., lU. : 134 m. N, Springfield. 

Clyde river. jV. Y. : this stream is formed by the union 
of Flint and Mud creeks in Wayne co., and flows E. 20 m., 
falling into Seneca river. 

Clymas, t. and p. v., Dodge co., Wise. : 42 m. N. E. Mad- 
ison. The t. is watered by several fine creeks falling into 
Koek river. Pop. 735. 

Clymee, t. and p. v., Chautauque co., X Y. : on Brofceu 
Straw cr., 306 m. W. S. W. Albany, Pop. 1,127. 

Clymer Centre, p. v., Chautauque co., -K K .' SOS m. 
W. S. W. Albany. 

Coahoma county, Jfiss. Situate N. W. on Mississippi r., 
and contains &2S sq. m. Drained by Sunflower r. and its 
branches. Surface low and level, liable to inundation ; soils 
vcr>' fertile, producing largely cotton and corn. Farms 161 ; 
manuf. ; dwell. 260, and pop.— wh. 1,3S7, ft*, col. 2, si. 1,391 
—total 2,730. Capital : Delta. 

Coal creek, Ind. : a fine mill stream, mostly in Fontaiue 
CO., about 45 m. in length, and emptying into the Wabash, 
near the N. line of Parke co. An immense coal bank exists 
near its mouth, where it is crossed by the Wabash and Erie 
Canal. 

Coal Oeove, p. o., Lawrence co., Ohio : on the W. hank 
of the Ohior., 104 m. S. S. E. Columbus. 

Coal Hill, p. o., Goochland co., Virff. : 14 m. N. W. 
Richmond. 

Coal Mines, p. r., Chesterfield co., Virff. Se^ Elack- 

HETH. 

Coal Moitntatn, p. o., Forsyth co., Ga. : 9S m. N. N.W. 
Milled geville. 

Coal Port, p. t., Indiana co., Penn. : 124 m. W. by S. 
Harrisburg. 

Coal Uivee Maeshes, p. o., Raleigh co., Yivg. : 214 m. 
W. Richmond. 

Coal Run, p. o., Washington co., Ohio : S6 ra. S. E. 
Columbus. 

CoALSMorxii, p. v., Kanawha co., Tirg. : on the S. side 
of Kanawha r., at the mouth of Coal r., 242 m. W. by N. 
Richmond. 

Coal Valley, p. o., Alleghany co., Pen7i. 

Coate's Tavern, p. o., York dist., S. Car. : 72 m. N. 
Columbia. 

CoATEsviLLE, p. V., Chester co., Penn. : on the W. branch 
of Bran<lj-wine er., 56 m. E. S. E. Harrisburg. The v. has 
numerous manufactures, as paper, cotton, nails, etc. ; and 
in its vicinity there is a noted chalybeate spring. 

CoBALT\^LLE, p. V., Mlddlcscx CO., Conn. 

Cobb county, Ga. Situate N. W. centrally, and contains 
520 sq. m. Drained in the N. by the head streams of Coosa 
r. and in the E. by the tributaries of Chattahoochee r., 
which travei-ses the E. border. Products elnefiy cotton and 
Indian corn. Farms 931; manuf. 10; dwell. 1,91S. and 
pop.— wh. 11,508, fr. col. 3, si. 2,272— total 13,S43. Capital: 
Marietta. Pullic Works: Western and Atlantic R. R. 

CoBBEssEcoNTEE waters, ^/c : is a fine sheet of water. lying 

W. of TIallowell, and connected with a number of smaller 

ponds. Its outlet is a r. of the same name, which enters 

the Kennebec at Gardiner. These waters afford a great 

186 



hydraulic power, an abundance offish, and much delightftil 
scenery. 

Cobb's Fork, p. o., Decatur co., Ind. : 62 m. S. E. by E. 
Indianapolis. 

Cobb's Mills, p. o., Cherokee co., Ala. : 132 m. N. by E. 
Montgomery. 

CoBEELY's, p. o.. Union co., Ohio : 37 m. N. W. by W. 
Columbus. 

CoBHAii, p. v., Albemarle co., Virg. : 69 ra. N. W. 
Richmond. 

CoBLESKiLL, t and p. v., Schoharie co., K, Y. : on 0.>blcs- 
kill er., 33 m. W. Albany. In this U there is a mill-stream 
issuing from a natural well, the depth of which has never 
been ascertained ; it then enters a subterranean passage, 
and disappears for 7 m., when it again rises and flows on 
the surface. Pop. 2,229. 

CoBscooK bay, Me. : a large bay, the recipient of a num- 
ber of large ponds on the S. W. side of Eastport, in Passa- 
maquoddy Bay. 

Cobukn's Store, p. o., Mechlenburg co., A^. Car. 

CocALico, p. v., Lancaster co., Penn. 

CocuECTON, t, and p. v., Sullivan co., K. Y. : on the E. 
side of Delaware r., 76 m. S. W. Albany, and drained by 
Collicoon and Ten Mile creeks, tributaries of Dehiware r. 
The Erie E. R. traverses the W. line of the t., and inlor- 
secls the village, which lies on the Delaware, 141 m. from 
New York. 

CocHESETT. p. o., Plymouth co., Mass. 

CooinTFATE, p. v., Middlesex co., Mass. 

CocnitAN's Cross Roads, p. o., Uarris co., Ga.: 106 m. 
W. by S. Milledgcville. 

CocuBAN's Grove, p. o., Shelby co., lU.: 5S ra. E. S. E, 
Springfield. 

CocnE.iN'9 Landing, p. o., Monroe CO., Ohio: 110 m. E. 
by S. Columbus. 

Cochran's Mills, p. o., Pickens co., Ala. : 104 m. 
W. N. W. Montgomery. 

CocHRANSTiLLE, p. v., Chcstcr CO., Penu, : 54 m. E. S. E. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Corn RAN 8VILLK, p. V., Marshall co., Tenn. : 46 m. S. 
Nashville. 

CociiRANTON, p. v., ^Mariou CO., Ohio: 4S m. N. N. W. 
Columbus. 

CocKE county, Tenm. Situate on the E. State line, and 
contains 374 sq. m. Smoky Mountains, one of the Alle- 
ghany ridges, bounds it on the E., and divides the State 
from North Carolina. Drained by French, Broad, and Big 
Pidgeon rivers, tributaries of Tennessee r., which runs 
along its N. border. The surface is elevated and broken, 
and the soils thin. Indian com is the chief product, and 
some beef and pork is produced for market. Farms SSO; 
manuf. So ; dwell. 1,295, and pop.— wh. 7,503, fr. col. 79, si. 
719— total «,3'i0. Capikd: NewporL 

CocKNEYSviLLE, p. V., Baltimore co., Md.: on the lino 
of the Baltimore and Susquehanna R. R., 14 m. N. Balti- 
more, and 40 m. N. by W. Annapolis. A weekly paper, 
the "Baltimore County Advocate," is published at this 
place. 

CocKRUM, p. o., De Soto co., Miss: 168 m. N. Jackson. 

ConniNoviLLE, p. v., Medina co., Ohio: 96 m. N. N. E. 
Columbus. 

CoDORrs. p. v., York co., Penn. : on Codorus cr., SO m. 
S. Ilarrisburg. Codonis cr. rises in Frederick co., Md., and 
after a circuitous course of 30 m., enters the Susquehanna, 
near the v. of New Holland, in Penn. 

CoF.i.K. p. o., Livingston par., La. : 42 m. E. Baton Rouge*. 

CoR Ridge, p. o., Cuyahoga co., Ohio : 123 m. N. E 
Columbus. 

Coesse, p. v., Whitley co., I7id. : on the S. of Eel r., 102 
m. N. N. E. Indianapolis. 

CoEYMANs, t. and p. v., Albany co., N. Y.: on the W. 
side of the Hudson r., 13 m. S. jVlbany. Coeymans creek 
and other tributaries of the Hudson drain the t The v. 



COE 



COL 



contains several manufacluring establishments and exten- 
sive brick yards. The Albany steamboats atop here, and 
considerable trade is carried on by means of schooners and 
sloops navigating the Hudson. Pop. 3,050. 

CoETMA^s HoLLOTT, p. V., Albany co., N. Y. : 19 ni. S. 
Albany. 

CoFER, p. 0., Kardin co., Ky. : 72 m. W. by S. Frankfort. 

CoFFADELiAH, p. V., Neshoba CO., Mm. : 69 m, N. E. 
Jackson. 

Coffee county, Ala. Situate S. E., and contains 1,0(IS 
sq. m. Brained by Pea r. and its branches. Surface level, 
butundulating— partially wooded; and soils rich and well 
drained. The agricultural staples are cotton and corn. 
Farms 604; manuf. 9 ; dwell. 893, and pop.— wh. 5,3S2, fr. 
col. 1, si. 557— total 5,94i}. CaplUd: Wellborn. 

Coffee county, Tenn. Situate centrally, and contains 
276 sq. m. Drained by the head waters of Duck cr. Sur- 
face undulating, inclming to the W., and the soils of aver- 
age fertility. The principal products are Indian corn and 
wheat, with some tobacco and cotton. Farms 4-S5 ;-manuf. 
19 ; dwell. 1,179, and pop.— wh. 7.061, Ir. col. 23, si. 1,207 
—total S.351. Ccj/itul: Manchester. Puhlio Works: 
M'Minnville Branch of the Nashville and Chattanooga li. R. 

Coffee, p. v., Clay co., hid, : 56 m. W. S. W. Indian- 
apolis. 

Coffee Coener, p. o., Coffee co., Ala. : S9 m. S. by E. 
Montgomery. 

Coffee Creek, p. o., Porter co., Ind. : on the E. side of 
Coffee cr., about 2 m. above its confluence with Calumic r,, 
and not far from the line of Northern Indiana K. K., 136 m. 
N. N. W. Indianapolis. 

Coffee Landing, p. o., Hardin co., Tenn.: 107 m. S. "W. 
Nashville. 

Coffee Kun, p. o., Tluntingdon co., Peiin. : 79 m. "W. 
Harrisburg. 

Coffebville, p. v., Clark co., Ala. : on the E. side of 
Tombigbee r., Ill m. W. S. W. Montgomery. 

Coffeetille, p. v., and cap. Yallabusha co., 3fiss. : on a 
creek of Yallabusha r., 116 m. N. by E. Jackson. Pop. 
600. The "Southern Appeal" (whig) ispublished weekly. 

Coffin's Geove, p. o., Delaware co., la.: 55 m. N. 
Iowa City. 

CoGHiLL, p. o., M'Minn co., Tmn. : 132 m. E. S. E. 
Nashrille. 

Cogswell, p. v., M'lleury co., III.: 1S3 m. N. N. E. 
Springfield. 

Cohasset. t. and p. v., Norfolk co., Jfafm. : facing N. E. 
on Massachusetts Eay. 16 m. S. E. Boston. The co.isl is 
here rocky and dangerous ; it has a considerable amouut 
of shipping, chiefly engaged in coasting and in the fish- 
eries, and the v. is important as the E. terminus of the 
South Shore li, R., 11 m. from Braintree. It has a fine sum- 
mer climate, and the shore is a favorite resort for invalids 
and fashionables. Pop. 1,715. 

ConoES, p. v., Albany co.j'A'I Y. : on the S. "W. side of 
Mohawk r., 8 m. N. Albany, a little below the Falls, and 
near the jftnction of the Charaplain and Eric Canals. The 
water-power of the place is verj- extensive, and is used for 
various manui;icturing purposes. It contains 7 churches, 
about 300 houses, and 2,600 inhabitants. A railroad is now 
in course of construction from Albany to this point to ac- 
commodate the manufacturing interest. The *' Cohoes 
Cataract" (neutral) is published weekly. The name of this 
V. has lately been changed to that of Rockton. 

Conor-** falls, X. Y. : immediately above Cohoes village, 
2 m, from the month of Mohawk r. The surrounding 
scenery is romantic, and when the r. is full the falls present 
a grand appearance. Besides a rapid above and below 
the fails, rhe r., h.-re from 300 to 400 feet broad, has a per- 
pendicular fall of 70 feet. Half a mile below the falls is a 
bri<lge across the r. 800 feet long, from which the view of 
the cntaracl is seen to advantage. This fall is always an 
object of interest to travelers, and, if inferior to the gran- 

S 



dcur of Niagara, has much to attract and please in its 
varied scenery. 

Cuni'TTAU Spring, p. o., Murray co., Ga. : at the base 
of Cohuttah Mountain, in the N. E. corner of the en., 164 
m. N. N. "SV. Milledgeville. The spring is on the S. side of 
a small stream issuing from the mountain, which jfiins the 
Connesauga er., G m. belov/. This is one of i!io must val- 
able mineral springs in this section of the country. 

CoiLA, p. o., Carroll co., Mins.: S4 m. N. by K. Jackson. 

CoiLA, p. v., Washington co., IT. Y. 

CoiNjooK, p. v., Currituck co.. A' Car. : 160 ni. E. N. E. 
Raleigh. 

CoiTSviLLE, t. and p. v., Mahoning co., Ohio: in the 
N. E. corner of the co., 146 m. E. N. E. Columbus. Beaver 
r. and the Pennsylvania and Ohio Canal run through its 
S. W. portion. 

CoKER Creek, p. o., Monroe co., Ttnn.: on tlie creek so 
called, 153 m. E. S. E. Nashville. 

CoKEsi;uf.Gn, p. v., Hunterdon co., y. J,/\ : 20 m. N. 
Trenton. 

CoKESBfRY, p. v., Abbeville dist.,,S'. Car. : on the W. side 
of and 2 m. from Saluda r., and on the line of the Green- 
ville and Columbia li. K., 94 m. from CoUuiibia. The 
Abbeville Branch R. R. diverges from the main road at 
this point. 

CoLAPARcuEE, p. o., Mouroc CO., Gil. : 52 m. "\V. 
Milledge\ille. 

CoLiiYviLLE, p. v., Clark co., Ki/.: S9 m. E. S. E. 
Fr.ankforI. 

Colchester, t. and p. v., New London co., Conn.: 21 
m. 9. S. E. Hartford. Surface uneven ; soils of average 
fertility. Drained by Sahnon r. in ibe N. W. and in the E. 
by head branches of Yantic r. The v. is pleasantly sit- 
uated on the high ground near the centre of the t., and is 
the site of Bacon Academy, founded in ISOO by tiic dona- 
tion of $35,000 from the gentleman whose name it perpetu- 
ates. The building is of brick, three stories high, 75 feet 
long and 34 wide. It usually has from 90 to 100 scholars. 
The t. is essentially an agricultural district, and has several 
saw and grist mills. Pop. 2,46S. 

CoLcnESTEK, t. aird p. o., Chittenden co., Wrm.: on 
Lake Champlain, into which it projects in the form of a 
peninsula, forming on each side extensive bays. Lamoille 
r. runs through it and discharges into the lake. Winooski 
City, a flourishing raanufactiu-ing v., is partly within this 
t., the other part being on the opposite side of the river of 
the same name, which is spanned by a covered l)ridgo 
The t. is traversed by the Vermont Central K. Pop. 2,575, 

Colchester, t. and p. o., Delaware co.. A' Y.: 76 m. 
S. W. Albany. The Papacton branch of Delaware r. forms 
the N. boundary of the t. and Beaver Kill drains it in the 
S. Pop. 2.1f>4. 

Cold Brook, p. o., Warren co., lU. : S8 m. N. W. Spring- 
field. The Peoria and Oquawka R. R. passes through the 
T. 23 m. from Oquawka on the Mississippi r. 

Coi.n Brook, p. v., Herkimer co., N. Y.: on a cr. of 
same name. 76 m. N. W. Albany. There are several mills 
on the cr., and the v. has about 300 inhabitants, 

CoLPEN, t. and p. v., Erie co., H. Y.: on Cazenove cr., 
2S m. S. E. Buffalo and about 245 W. Albany. There are 
several mills at the v. or settlement Pop. 1,344. 

CoLDENUAM, p. v., Orange co., N. Y. : 74 m. S. Al- 
bany. 

CoLDEN lake, Essex co., K. Y. : a short distance below 
Avalanche Lake, the waters of which it receives nllcr a 
descent of 50 feet- It is one mile in length and half a mile 
wide, and has an elevation above the tide water of Hudson 
r. of 2.S50 feet. It is a most romantic sheet of water, sur- 
rounded by high mountain peaks. 

Coi.D Rrx, ]>. o., Cass co., Ga.: on a er. of Etowah r., 
132 m. N. W. Milledgeville. 

CoLP Spring, p. o., Pottowattomee co., Ta. : 212 m. W. 
by S. Iowa City. 

137 



COL 

Cold Sprixg, p. v., Fairfleld Co., Conn. 
Cold Spkbg, p. o., Shelby CO., lU. : 52 m. S. E. by E. 
Springfield. 

Cold Speisg, p. v., Ilnrrison co., Ohio: 100 m. E. by N. 
Columbus. 

Cold Sprixg, p. v., Campbell Co., Ky. : 02 m. N. N. E. 
Frnnkforl. 

Cold Spp.ixg, p. o., Wilkinson CO., Mi.u. : on the E. side 
of Homnchitto r., 9T m. S. W. .Jackson. 

Cold Sprino, p. v., Cape May co., .K Jer.: near the S. 
extremity of the State, equidistant on three sides from the 
waters of the Atlantic, S4 m. S. by E. Trenton. It ia a v. 
of some 150 inhabitants. 

Cold Spkko, p. v., Putnam Co., A'. Y. : on the E. hank 
of the Hudson r., aljout a mile N. of West Point. It is ro- 
mantically situated in the Highlands. The Hudson Paver 
E. E. passes through it, 54 m. N. of New York City and 96 
m. 8. of jVlbany. The West Point Foundery, one of the 
most extensive iron founderies and machine shops in the 
Union, is located here. Pop. about 1^)00. 

Cold Sprisg, p. o., Polk co., Tex.: 178 m. E. by N. 
Austin City. 

Cold Sppjng, p. o., Edgefield dist., S. Car. : 42 m. W. 
Columbus. 

Cold Sfrixg, t. and p. v., Jefferson co.. Wise : on a 
branch of Eock r., 8S m. E. S. E. Madison. The Milwau- 
kic and Mississippi E. K. passes through the S. part of the 
township. Pop. 5CS. 

Cold Sprinq Harbor, p. v., Suffolk co., Jl': Y. : at the 
head of the bay so called, IIG m. S. by E. Albany. Tlie 
bay sets up between Queen's and Suffolk counties, being an 
arm of Oyster Bay, and the v. lies around its head in the 
form of a crescent. It is a port of entry, has several ships 
en£ra«rcd in whaling, and has a considerable coasting trade. 
Shipping owned in the district, 3,S55 tons, of which 2,376 is 
registered tonnage. Its situation and scenerj- render it a 
desirable residence during the summer months. Pop. 
about 600. 

Cold Stream, p. v., Hampshire co., Vtyg-' on the E. 
Bide of Cacapon r.. 1.34 m. N. N. W. Eichmond. It has 
several factories and mills, worked by water-power supplied 
by the river, and has about 400 inhabitants. 

Cold Water, t., p. v., and cap. Uranch co., MicJi. : on 
Cold Water r. and its branches, 5S m. S. S. W. Lansing. It 
has numerous mills on its streams. The v. is situate on the 
line of the Michigan Southern E. E., 93 m. from Monroe 
and 166 from Chicago. The •' C. Sentinel," a weekly news- 
paper, is published here. Pop. 2 1 06. 

Cold Water, p. o., Marshall co., jl/V.s*. .' 173 ra. N. 
Jackson. 

Cold Water, p. o., Elbert co., Ga. : on a cr. of Savan- 
nah r. so called, 7S ra. N. N. E. Milledgeville. 

Cold Water, p. o., Wayne Co., Ohio: S6 m. N. E. 
Columbus. 

Cold Water, p. o., Mercer co., Ohio : 97 m. W. N. W. 
Columbus. 

Cold Well, p. o.. White co.. Ark. : 48 m. N. N. E. Little 
Eock. 

Cole county, 3To. Situate centrally, and contains 440 sq. 
ra. The Missouri r. washes tlic county on the N. and tlie 
Osage r. on tlie E. — the interior being chiefly drained by 
Moreau cr. and its branches. Surface somewhat uneven ; 
soils generally fertile. Farms OSS ; manuf. 2S ; dwell 9S4, 
and p'op.— wh. 6,699, fr. eol. IS, si. 979— total 6,696. Cap- 
ital: Marion. PiMic Works: Pacinc E. E. 

CoLEBROOK, t. and p. v., Litehfleld co., Comt. : on the W. 
branch of Farmingtnn r., 28 m. N. W. Hartford. Drained 
byTolebrook r., a tributary of the before named. Surface 
hilly, and soils gr.avelly, Init good grazing lands. It has 
some few manufaetaircs. Pop. 1,364. 

CoLERHOOK, t. and p. o., Coos CO., K JTamp. : on the E. 
side of the Connecticut r., 106 m. N. Concord. It is drain- 
ed by the Mohawk and Beaver rivers, and has much fine 
138 



COL 

interviile lands on the Connecticut It is entirely agricul- 
tural in its industry. Pop. 90S. 

CoLEBEOOK Dale, t. and p. o., Berks co., Penn.: 67 m. 
E. Ilarrisburg. 

CoLEBEOOK EivEE, p. o., Litchflcld CO., Conn. : on the r. 
so called, 27 m. N. W. Hartford. 

Cole Camp, p. o., Benton co.. Mo. : on Cole Camp cr., a 
tributary of Osage r., 6S m. W. S. W. Jefferson City. 

Cole Creek or (Coal creek), p. o.. Fountain CO., Ind : 72 
m. W. N. W. Indian.apolis. Coal cr. is a fine mill stream, 
about 45 m. in length, and enters the Wabash near the N. 
line of Parke co., after passing through a splendid agricul- 
tur.al country. It has numerous tributaries from the E. The 
best coal bank that has been found in tho State is near the 
mouth of this stream, where the Wabash and Ij'rie Canal 
crosses it. 

Cole Creek, p. o., Columbia co., Penn, : 67 m. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

CoLEMAs's Cross Eoads, p. o., Edgefield dist. S. Car. 

Coi,e«ax5ville, p. v., Harrison Co., Ey. : on the W. side 
of the W. branch of Licking r., 42 m. E. N. E. Frankfort 

CoLERAiN, t and p. v., Franklm co., Mass. : on a branch 
of Deerfleld r., which affords water-power, 92 m. W. N. W. 
Boston. The surface is hilly, and furnishes fine gr-azing 
lands ; the t has .also several important manufactures, con- 
sisting of cotton goods, iron castings, leather, hats, earthen- 
ware, and agricultural implements. It was first settled by 
a colony from the North of Ireland in 1736. 

CoLERAi.v, p. v., Bertie co., N. Car. : on the W. bank of 
Chowan r., 14.3 m. E. N. E. Ealeigh. 

CoLEEAix, I. and v., Hamilton Co., Ohio : on the E. side 
of Great Miami r., 100 m. S. W. Columbus. Pop. 3,125. 

CoLEEAiN-, t. and p. v., Belmont CO., Ohio : on the N. side 
of Indian Wheeling cr., a tributary of Ohio r., 114 m. E. by 
N. Columbus. The surface is hilly, but the soils are rich 
and productive. Pnp. 1,321, 

CoLEEAix, t. and p. v., Lancaster co., Penn. : 52 m. S. E. 
Ilarrisburg. It has several large manufacturing establish- 
ments, furnaces, etc. 

CoLERAiN Forge, p. o., Hunterdon co., Penn. : on Spruce 
cr., S3 m. W. Harrisburg. 

Coles county, PI. Situate E., and contains 864 sq. m. 
Drained by Kaskaskia and Embarras rivers, which flirnish 
extensive mill power. Surface chiefly prau-le. moderately 
undul.ating, and soils of excellent fertility. Farms 996; 
manuf. 0; dweU. 1,.571, and pop.— wh. ^299, fr. eol. 86- 
total 9,835. Capital : Charleston. 

CoLESncRGD, p. v.. Potter CO., Penn. : 122 m. N. N. W. 
Ilarrisburg. 

CoLESBijEon, p. v., Delaware co., Ia. : in the N. E. corner 
of CO., 67 m. N. by E. Iowa City. 

Cole's Mills, p. o., Delaware co., Ohio. 

CoLESviLLE, p. v., Stokes CO., K.Car.: on the N. of Snow 
cr. of Eoanoke r., lOS m. N. W. Ealeigh. 

CoLESViLLE, p. v., Susscx CO., S. J(r. : 62 m. N. Trenton. 

CoLESviLLE. p. v., Montgomery co., Mit. : on one of the 
head streams of the Eastern Branch of Potdlnac r., 29 m. 
W. by N. Annapolis. 

CoLESTiLLE, I. and p. v., Broome co., K. Y. : on the W. 
side of the Unadilla r., 9S m. S. W. Albany. Chiefly drained 
by creeks flowing into that stream. The surface is gen- 
erally hilly : near the river, however, are .alluvial fl.its of 
great fertility. Pop. 2,867. 

CoLETA, p. 0., Talladega CO., AUl. : 74 m. N. by E. 
Montgomerj*. 

CoLLAMEE, p. v., Copiah CO., mm. : 39 m. S.W. Jackson. 

CoLLAMER, p. v., Chester co., Penn. : 73 m. E. by S. 
Harrisburg. 

CoLLAMER, p. v., Windham co.. Conn. : 41 m. E. by N. 
Hartford. 

COLLAMER, p. v., Cuvahoga CO., Ohio: 120 m. N. N. W. 
Columbus. 

CoLL,uiEE, p. T., Kane eo., Til. : l.-iS m. N. N. E. Spring- 



COL 



COL 



field. It lies on the edge of a bcautiiul prairie drained by 
a branch of Sycamore r. 

CoLiuAMEB, p. v., Onondaga co., j\' 1' ; 112 m. W. by N. 
Albany. 

CoLLAiTER, p. v., "W'hitley co., Jnd. : 94 m. N. N. E. 
Indianapolis. 

CoLi-AMER, p. v., Sauk CO., Wise. : on llie N. side of Wis- 
consin r., 26 m. N. W. Madison. 

College Corner, p. v., Butler co., 07ifo: in Ihe N. "W. 
corner of the co., and on the line of the Junction II. E., 102 
m. "VY. by S. Columbus. 

College Green, p. o., Cecil co., Jl<7. : 55 m. N. E. 
Annapolis. 

College Hill, p. v., Lafayette co., Mis^i. : 149 ni. N. N. E. 
Jackson. 

College Hill, p. v., Hamilton co., Ohio: im ni. S. AV. 
Columbus. 

College Moitsd, p. o., Kauffman co., TI'.!". .• 217 ni. 
N. N. ^y. Austin City. 

College of St. James, p. o., Washington co., Jf'K : C, m. 
S. E. Ilagerstown, 4 m. N. E. ■WUIiamsport, and 70 W. N.W. 
Annapolis. The college belongs to the Protestant Episco- 
pal Church, and has a grammar-school attached to it. The 
college buildings, and the residences near them, make a 
goodly-sized village. One of the main buildings was erected 
by General Einggold, as his private mansion, nearly GO years 
ago; the others have been erected since 1S42, when the 
institution was first opened. It was chartered in 1844. 
There are 5 resident professors, 3 lecturers, and several 
tutors, etc., and in 1S50 it had 110 students. The annual 
expense for tuition, boarding, etc., is $225. The country in 
the neiglihorhood is fertile an<l healthful; the population, 
chiefly Germans, very industrious, frugal, aiul moral. 

Collegeville, p. v., Saline co., Arl:. : IG m. S. "W. Little 
Eock. 

Colleton district, S. Car: Situate S., and contains 2,100 
sq. m. Drained by the Ashley, Edisto, Ashepoo, and Com- 
bahce rivers, the latter of which forms its S. "W. border, and 
all fall into the Atlantic Ocean, which washes it on the 
S. E. Numerous islands line the coast, of which Edisto 
Island is the largest. Surface entirely level, and mostly 
swamp ; soils productive of rice and cotton. Farms SS3 ; 
mannf. 10 ; dwell. 1,515, and pop.— wh. T^iU, fr. col. 330, 
si. 31,771— total 39,505. Ciipital: 'Walterborough. Pub- 
lic Work^: South Carolina li. R. 

Colleton, p. v., Fayette co., Tenn. : 163 m. S.W. by W. 
Nashville. 

Colletts^hlle, p. v., Caldwell co., ^ Cut'. : on the E. 
side of Mulberry cr. of New r.. 157 m. W. by N. Kaleigh. 

Collier's, p. o., Edgefield dist., S. Cur. : 87 m. W. 
Columbia. 

CoLLiERSTowN, p. V., liockbfidge co., Virg. : 117 m. W. 
Eichmond. 

Colli ERsviLLE, p. v., Shelby co., Teun.: on the line of 
the Memphis and Charleston E. E., 31 m. E. Memphis, 
and 176 m. W. S. W. Nashville. 

CoLUN county, Tt^\ Situate N., and contains SCO sq. 
m. Drained by numerous and wide-spreading tributaries 
of the Elm ft)rk and of the E. fork (or Bois d'Arc r.) of 
Trinity r. Surface elevated and very diversified ; soils ex- 
cellent. Farms 21S; manuf. 0; dwell. 311, and pop.— wh. 
1,S16, fr. col. 0, si. 134— total 1,950. Capital: M'Kinney. 

Collins, p. o,, Manitouwoc co., Wise. 

Collins, p. o., Columbia co., Ffor. 

Collins, t. and p. o., Erie co,, 2^^. Y. : on the N. side of 
Cattaraugus cr., 262 m. W. Albany. Drained by creeks 
flowing into that stream and Lake Erie. The t. contains 
several factories and mills. Pop. 4,001. 

CoLLis's Cp.ntrr, p. v., Erie co., IT. Y. : 259 m. "W. 
Albany. 

Collin's DEr6T, p. o., Hampton ro.. Jfusf^. 

Collin's Settlement, p. o., Lewis co., Vir^ : 212 m. 
TV, N. TV'. Eichmoud. 



Cullinsville. p. v., Hartford co., C>mn.: on both .sides 
of FarininL.'ton r., 14 m. W. by N. Hartford. A bruiicii of 
the New Haven and Northampton E. E. from riainvilh',11 
m., terminates here. It is a flourishing v., manufacturing 
chiefly axes and other edged tools. Pop. about 1,500. 

CoLLiNSViLLE, p. V,, Madison co., lU.: SO m. S. l>y W. 
Springfield, and about 10 m. from lUinoistown, on the 
Mississippi r. 

CoLLiNsviLLE, p. V., LcwIs CO., iVI Y. ." ou the AV. side of 
Black r., 103 m. N. W. Albany. Pop. about 200- 

CoLLiNsviLLE, p. v., Butlcr CO., OMo : on the E. side of a 
branch of Miami r., S9 m. W. S. W. Columbus. 

CoLLiUENE, p. 0., Lowndes co., Jla. : 27 m. S. "VV. Mont- 
gomery. 

CoLLUMSviLLE, p.v,, Lycoming CO., /'t"?i.: "Sni. N. N.VV. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Ct^iLLY Swamp, p. o., Bladen co., 2\\ Car.: on a cr. of 
Soutli r. so called, 1S4 m. S. by E. Ealeigh. 

(_'i>i...MA, p. v., Cherokee co., Ala. : l'J9 m. N. N. E. 
Montgomery. 

Colon, t. and p. o., St. Joseph co., JJick. : on the S. of 
St. Joseph's r., 66 m. S. W. Lansing. The t. has several 
small lakes within it which supjily numerous streams, ana 
ftirnish immense water-power. Pop. 647. 

Colonel's For.i;, p. o., Pieken's dist., S. Car. : on a 
branch of Tullulah r., 116 m. N. "W. Columbia. 

Colony, p. o., Kjiox co., Mo. : 106 m. N. JefTcrsou 
City. 

Colorado county, 71^.1!. Situate toward S., and cnni;iiu3 
S20 sq. m. Drained centrally by nfiluents of Colorado r., 
which passes through it from N. to S. ; on the E. by Sau 
Bernardo r., and on the W. by the head waters of Navidad 
r. Surface rolling ; soils of the highest fertility, and suit- 
able for cotton and sugar. Farms IIG; manuf. 3; dwell. 
283, and pop.— wh. 1,534, fr. col. 0, si. 723— total 2,257. 
Capital: Columbus. 

Colorado river, Utali and ^Texo Mex. Ttn: : a vast river 
extending from its sources in the Rocky Mountains, near 
the head waters of the Columbia, the Missouri, Arkansas, 
and the Del Norlo rivers, to the Gulf of Caliiornia. Its 
tributaries arc gathered from the Cordilleras, through a 
range of 6 degrees of latitude. Green r., which rises in a 
number of small lakes at the base of Fremojit's Peak, in 
lat. 48^^ is its most northern constituent; farther souih it 
receives the Yampa, the head waters of which almost inter- 
lock with those of llie north fork of Platte r. ; the Uintali r. ; 
the White r. ; Grand r., equal in volume to tlie Upper Col- 
orado itself; the Navajo r. ; the Taquilla r. ; the Eio Ver- 
gen, and otliers of considerable magnitude. The general 
course of the river is S. and S. W., receiving tlie largest and 
most voluminous of its constituents from the East Mountain 
country. In about lat. Soothe Eio Gila meets it, and flieso 
two rivers onler the Gulf through a common estuary. The 
topograpliy of the country through which the Colorado 
passes is as yet little known ; but it is averred by those 
who have traversed the country, that the streams are navi- 
gable for hundreds of miles, and that the country is one 
well adapted to the support of a dense population. iLs agri- 
cultural capacities being equal to the finest lands of tlio 
States east of the Cordilleras. Along the banks of the river 
arc found numerous ruins of cities, attributed to the Aztecs, 
and which in their architecture discover a high state of 
civilization in the builders. At the present day the whole 
region h a wilderness, inhabited only by the wild Indian. 

CoLiutADO river, Tese.: one of the great rivers of the 
country, extending from its source in the (Juadalupe 
Mountains, in an E. and S. E. direction to Matagorda Bay 
and the Gulf of Mexico, a distance of about 600 miles. It is 
navigable to Austin City for small ste;unbo,^Ifl, and is 
capable of great improvcmi'nts in its whole ItTiirih. At and 
near iU mouth it is obstructed by rafts. About 3 m. above 
Austin, a rocky ledge extends entirely across tlie stream, 
and obstructs navigation. The river has worn in this ledge 

130 



COL 



COL 



many deep, narrow channels, through which the water 
rushes with the velocity of a mill-race. The current of the 
river is usually rapid throujrhout, and the waters quite 
limpid and pure, but when swollen by heavy rains, they 
sweep down immense volumes of red mud, sand, and 
silieious pebbles, from which fact the name Colorado has 
been derived. The country along the banks of this river is 
now thickly settled by farmers chiefly from Germany and 



other European States. The German settlements are 
models of economy and scientific forming. 

CoLossE, p. 0., Oswego co., K Y. : 123 m. V>. N. "W. 
Albany. 

CoLQuiT, p. v., Montgomery co., Gu. : 77 m. S. S. E. 
Millcdgeville. 

Colt's Neck, p. v., Monmouth co., -K Jor. : 82 m. E. 
Trenton. A place of considerable business. 



THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 

The District of Columbia, the seat of the Government of the United States, originally occupied a square of ten miles, 
on both sides of Potomac Kiver, and comprised portions of Virginia and Marjiand, ceded to the United States for the 
use of the federal government. In 1S46, however, that portion of the Territory south of the river was retroceded to 
Virginia, and hence the present territory lies altogether on its north bank, and contains only CO square miles. 

The Maryland act of cession was passed on the 23d December, 17SS, and that of Virginia on the 8d December, 1759. 
Subsequent acts were passed by these States confirming tlic location. 

This District was established in pursuance of a clause of the Constitution of 17S9 (Sec. vm. — 17), which declares that 
Congress shall have power "to exercise exclusive legislation, in all cases whaL-^oever, over such district (not exceeding 
ten miles square), as may by cession of particular States, and the acceptance of Congress, become the seat of the 
Government of the United States:'' and further, in pursuance of an Act of Congress, approved 16th July, 1790, which 
declared "that a district of territory, not exceeding ten miles square, to be located as hereafter directed, on the river 
Potomac, at some space between the mouths of the Eastern Branch and Coneeocheague, bo, and the same is hereby 
accepted, for the permanent seat of the Government of the United Statea; and that the President be authorized to 
appoint three Commissioners to survey, and by proper metes and bounds define and hmit, a district of territory under 
the hmitations above mentioned." 

By a proclamation of the President, dated 80th March, 1791, the following were defined as the boundaries of the 
territory : " Beginning at Jones' Point, being the upper cape of Hunting Creek, in Virginia, and at an angle of 45 
degrees west of the north, and running in a direct line ten miles for the first line; then beginning again at the same 
Jones' Point, and running another direct line, at a right angle with the first, across the Potomac, ten miles, for the second 
line ; then from the terminations of the said first and second lines, running two other direct lines of ten miles each, the 
one crossing the Eastern Branch and the other the Potomac, and meeting each other in a point." The diagonal Hnes of 
this square run north and south, east and west, and, consequently, its angles are formed at the cardinal points. 

The District of Columbia, as now demarked, contains only one county, that of Washington ; and in this are compriseil 
the cities of "Washington and Georgetown, and what are denominated the country parts. The statistical condition of 
this county, etc, in 1S50, as exhibited in the census of that year, is as follows; 



civil Divisiona. 

Washington City, 1st "Ward 


Dwelling 
940 


Families. 
.... 991 .... 

i.ne^i 


Poi'ulation. 

5,.'>l;5 


Farms. 


Mamir. 
10 


« 2d " 


1,057 


6.934 




72 


" Sd " 


i)S2 

1,216 


.... 982 .... 
.... 1,216 .... 
.... 769 .... 
.... 661 .... 
.... 892 .... 

6,679 


., 5.90S 


.... 5 .... 


.... 116 


" 4th " 


8,780 .... 

4,137 .... 


.... 4 .... 


.... 101 


" f,th " 


716 


.... 21 


" 6th " 


645 


8,714 .... 

4,9S5 


.... 20 .... 


.. . 17 


" Tth " 


7*9 


.... 18 


Total 


6,345 


. 40,001 


. 29 ... 


.. 856 


Gcorcctov.n, N. W. part 

" other parts 

Total 


461 .... 

713 

1.1T4 

. . . 223 


.... 4S2 .... 
.... 73-3 .... 

.... 1,213 .... 

222 


8,329 

6.017 


.... 6 

.... 3 


.... 9 
50 


S,366 


.... 9 


.... 69 


Country — ^E. of Turnpike. . . 


1,956 

1,364 


.... 1.30 

96 




" w. " 


176 . . . 


176 


13 




S9S 

7,i)17 


.... SOS .... 
.... 6,292 .... 


.... 3,321 

.... 81,SS7 






Total 

Orand Total 


.... 220 

.... 264 


.... 12 
.... 427 



The following exhibits the caste and sexes of the population in the several civil dixisions : 

\Vtiit« I'eraons. Free Colored. Sl.T 



■Washington, 1st Ward. 

" 2d " 

" 3d " . 

" 4th " . 

" 5th " 

" Olh " . 

" 7lh " . 



Total.... 



other parts 1 ,'>79 



51 ale. 


Ff:iiale. 


Totnl. 


Mule. 


Female. 


Total. 


Male. 


Female. 


Total. 


Ac'ia 
Poi.ula. 


1,C09.. 


.. 1,S98.. 


.. 2,502.. 


.. 746.. 


..1,044.. 


..1,790.. 


.. 90.. 


.. 101.. 


.. 261.. 


.. 5,643 


2,4.32.. 


.. 2,699.. 


.. 6,081.. 


.. 003. 


.. 938.. 


..1,541.. 


..107.. 


.. 265.. 


.. 802.. 


.. 6,934 


2,845.. 


.. 2,401.. 


.. 4,746.. 


.. 853. 


.. 628.. 


.. 881.. 


.. 83.. 


.. 198.. 


.. 281.. 


.. 5,903 


3,491.. 


.. 8,409.. 


.. 6,900.. 


.. 547. 


.. 78S.. 


..1,835.. 


..201.. 


.. 844.. 


.. 545.. 


.. 8,780 


1.262.. 


.. 1,458.. 


.. 2,720.. 


.. 491.. 


.. 668.. 


..1,1.69.. 


.. 90.. 


.. 16S.. 


.. 2,68.. 


.. 4,1.37 


1.GC4.. 


.. I,74i;.. 


.. .3.410.. 


.. 73. 


.. 09.. 


.. 142.. 


.. 62.. 


.. 100.. 


.. 102.. 


.. 8,174 


1,775.. 


.. 1,7.31.. 


.. 8,606.. 


.. 549.. 


. . 67il . . 


..1.223.. 


..100.. 


.. 164.. 


.. 2.54.. 


.. 4,985 


14,578.. 


..15,237.. 


..29,815 


8,362 


4,711 


8,073 


788 


1,880 


2,113 


40,001 


1,225.. 


.. 1,864.. 


.. 2,689.. 


.. 189. 


.. 262.. 


.. 432.. 


..119.. 


.. 209.. 


.. 828.. 


.. 8,849 


1,079.. 


.. 1,813.. 


.. 3..592.. 


.. 4.S7.. 


.. 041.. 


..1,128.. 


..123.. 


.. 274.. 


.. 897.. 


.. 6,01T 



Total. 



2,904,... 8,177.... 6,081.... 667.... 698. ...1,560... .242.... 



793. 



THE DISTRICT OP COLUMBIA. 



White Persons. 



Free CKiteJ. 



S;aTe. 



Civil Divisions. 

Coimtrj' — E. of Turnpike . . 
" W. " 



5S2. 



Female. Tot.il. 

.. 5(lfi.... 1,17S. 
.. 40a.... 953. 



Mnie. Female. Tolal. Male. Female. 

. 121.... 111.... 2.32... eW.... 2.52. 
, CO.... 48.... 108... 153.... 150. 



ToUil. i,,|.iil. 

, MG.... 1.956 
, 303,... 1,3M 



Total 1,066.... 1.006.... 2,181.... 1^1. 

Grand Tolal. . .1S,MS. . . .19,4711. , , ,38,027 . . . .4,210. 



1.5'.).,,, 8-10,.. 447.... 402.... 849.... 8,320 
i,7C3. , , ,9,973. . .1,422, , . .2,2G5. . . .8,0s7. . . .51,ftST 



Date of 

Census. 
ISOO... 
ISIO,,, 
1S20.,, 
1S30... 
1S40.., 
1850... 



DECENSIAl MOVEMENT OF rOPULATION 

Wl.ite 



Free ( v.l. 

10,000 7^3 , 

10,070 2,S49 

22.014 4.043 

27,503 0,162 

30,057 8,361 

38,027 9,973 



Total 
."il.ive. r.ijiula, 

3,'>44 14,093 

5,395 24,023 

0,077 33,039 

0,119 80,8*1 

4,694 43,712 

3,687 61,087 



or if the County of Alexandria bo included in llio rcturaa for 1860— and sucli, for comparison with former returns, will 
be necessary— tlie figures are as follows : 

45,240 11,386 5,009 01,095 

'The number of persons in the District suffering from physical infirmities was, in 1S50, as follows : 



Wliite Persons. 



Infirmities. Mai 

Deaf and dumb 7 

BUnd T 

Insane 10 

Idiotic 3 



Total. 



Female. 

.... 9 , 

.... T 

.... 8 

.... 4 



23 



14 



8 
. 4 

. 1 

.10 



Male. 
,. 1 . 
.. . 
.. 1 . 
.. , 



Female, 



1 







1 



Total 
of all 
Clares. 
,, 21 
,, 23 



■>2 



The employments of the District embrace almost every branch of national industry. Its manufactures and commerce 
are extensive, and its agriculture, though confined chiefly to the production of eity-market products, is in a highly 
flourishing condition. In relation to these subjects, the census of 1850 supplies llie following returns : 

Occupied Zattds, etc. — Improved lands, 10,267 acres, and unimproved lands, 11,187 acres, valued at $1,730,400, 
Number of farms, 264, Value of farming implements and maeliinery, $40,320, 

Livestock, — Ilorses 824, asses and mules 57, miich cows S13, working oxen 104, other cattle 123, sheep 130, swine 
1,635— valued in the aggregate at $71,04.3. 

AgricitUural Products. — "Wheat, 17,370 bushels; rye, 5,509: Indian com, 05,2-30; oats, 8,184; barley, 76; buckwheat, 
878: peas and beans, 7,754; Irish potatoes, •^8,292; sweet potatoes, 8,497 bushels; tobacco, 7,800 pounds: hay, 2,279 
tons; clover seed, 8 bushels; bops, 15 pounds; wine, 803 gallons; value of the products of orchards, $14,813; and 
of market-gardens, $67,222 : beeswax and honey, 550 ; wool, 526 pounds; butter, 14.872 pounds; cheese, 1,500 pounds; 
and the value of animals slaughtered, $9,038, Value of home-made manufactures, $2,075, 

Man i/;ac?t;)'C*— Aggregate capital invested, $1,000,000 ; value of raw material, fuel, etc, consumed, $1,000,000 ; average 
number of hands employed, 1,000; males 500, and females 500; average monthly cost of male labor, $10,000, and of 
female labor, $5,000 ; annual value of products, $1,000,000, The wliole number of manufacturing establishments, 
producing to the v,alue of $600 and upward annuall.v, was 427, and of these one was engaged in the manufacture of cotton 
goods, one in that of woolen goods, and two in making castings of iron — the remainder being distributed to a variety of 
handicrafts. The statistics of the specified manufactures were as follows : 

Cotton. 4 Woolen, 



Capital invested dollars. . 

Value of raw materials '* 

Hands employed, males number. . 

" females " 

Average monthly wages dollars . . 

Value of products " 

Cotton consumed bales 

Sheeting, etc,, produced yards , , . 

Wool " pounds.. 

Cloth, m.anufactured yanis . . . 

Pig iron 

Mineral coal 

Castings made tons 



8,VII10 700 

67,000 1,630 

41 2 



103 

1.4n0 

10O,O(,0 

9i;o , 

1,400,000 



Cast Iron. 

.. 14,000 

.. 18,100 

27 



CO 



2,400 41,696 



6.000 
10,000 



,545 

SO 
613 



Commerce, Tntenml Cmnmunication, rfe.— The foreign commerce of the District is limited. In the year enjling 30th 
June, 18,50, the exports and imports were as follows: Exports—domestic produce— in American vessels, $72,17.); in 
foreign vessels, $8,213: tot;il domestic produce, $80,888; foreign proiliicc— in American vessels, $200: tt.Uil exports, 
$S0,58S. Imports— in American vessels, $59,219 ; in foreign vessels, 600 : total, 59,81 9— balance in favor of exports, $20,709. 
The number of vessels entered during the yetir was nine, of an aggregate burden of 1,414 tons ; and lite number 
cleared, ten vessels, of 1 ,720 tons. Of the vcs.scls entered, two, and 164 tons, were foreign, and of those rleareti, two, and 200 
tons— the remainder lieing American. Georgetown is the only port. Alexandria, forineriy a district city, lias eight times 
the amount of foreign commerce, owing probably to its being the eastern terminus of the Chesapeake and Ohio CanaJ. 



COL 



COL 



The tonnage owned within Ihe District is 1T,010 tons, of whicti 2,796 is registered, and llie remainder enrolled and 
licensed, nnd employed iu the coasting trade and on the canal. The steam marine measures 1,9-19 tons. During the 
year 1849-50, there were built S sloops and canal boats of 2SS tons burden. 

The District is connected with the interior by numerous fine turnpikes, and by railroads diverging from the neighbor- 
hoc^ on both sides of the Potomac, and also through that river and its several branches. The Chesapeake and Ohio 
Canal has its terminus at Georgetown, and extends to a western terminus at Cumberland, to which point and along the 
whole line of its route an active commerce with the District is carried on. The railroads of the District are the Wsishing- 
ton Branch K. li., connecting it with Baltimore, and the "West and South; and diverging from Alexandria, which is 
virtually a i>art of the metropolis, are the Orange and Alexandria li. K. (which connects at Gordousville, its S. terminus, 
with the Virginia Central R. R.) ; and the Manassas Gap R. R., which extends into the heart of elevated valleys beyond 
the first ridge of the Alleghanies. These avenues open to the national capita! a respectable sphere of commerce, aud 
when completed will be the means of greatly enlarging the trade and general interests of the place. 

Government, etc. — The govenmicnt of the District is vested solely in Congress. It has no representation, nor any voice in 
Ihe election of federal officers. The only fundamental laws, beyond the Constitution of Ihe United States, to which its govern- 
ors are subject are those which were in force in Maryland at the period of the cession of the jurisdiction of that State in 17SS. 

■WAsntNGTON and Geokqetown are the cities of the District: these are described under their proper captions. 



CoLTTMni-v county, Flor. Situate N., and contains 2.400 
sq. m. Drained E. by creeks of St. Mary*s and St. John's 
rivers, and W. by tributaries of Suwanee r., which forms 
its boundary in that direction. It contains several small 
lakes and springs, the sources of its streams. Surface gen- 
erally level, covered with pines, and in many parts swamp3'. 
Okeflnokee Swamp ext-ends from Georgia into this county. 
The soils are sandy and mostly unfit for cultivation, but 
'here are exceptions. Farms 47-5; manuf. S; dwell. 569, 
and pop.— wh. 8,541, fr. col. 1, si. 1,266-tota! 4,S0S. Cap- 
ititl: Alligator. 

Columbia county, Ga. Situate E., and contains 5S0 sq. 
m. Drained by Little r. and other tributaries of Savannah 
r., which rise on its N. E. border. Surface undulating, and 
soils generally fertile. The chief products are cotton, In- 
dian com, and other grains. Gold is also a production of 
the county, but in no large quantities. Farms 4S9 ; manuf. 
7; dwell. 751, and pop.— wh. S,617, fr. col. 72, si. 8.27*3— 
total 11,901. Capital: Appling. Public Works: Georgia 
E. E. 

CoLiTMBiA county, N. Y, Situate E. between Hudson r. 
.T,nd the State line of Massachusetts, and contains 624 sq. m. 
Drained by Kinderhook, Claverac, Copake, and other 
creeks of Hudson r. Surface varied, chiefly consisting of 
two longitudinal valleys; soils highly fertile. Pino, hickory, 
oak, maple, elm, and chestnut are the principal forest trees. 
Iron, lead, manganese, zinc, marble, and other building 
stone are abundant. Mineral springs, sulphurous and 
chalybeate, are found in Lebanon and Stockport The 
county has great facilities for conmicrce, and in manufac- 
tures has made great progress. Its agricultural products 
are the cereals, potatoes, butter, cheese, and wool. Farms 
250; manuf. 20S; dwell. 7,029, and pop.— wh. 41,771. fr. eol. 
1,S02— total 43,073. Capital: Hudson Citj^ PuhlicWorl-fk: 
Hudson River E. E. ; Harlem R. R. ; Albany and West 
Stockbridge (western) R. R. ; Hudson and Berkshire R. R. ; 
Lebanon Springs R. E., etc. 

Columbia eounty, Penn, Situate N. E. centrally, and 
contains 6S0 sq. m. Drained by Fishing, Cattawissa, Big 
Roaring, and other creeks of the E. branch of Susquehanna 
r., whicli traverses it from N. E. to S. "W. Surface broken 
and uneven, wooded, and the soils generally fertile, pro- 
ducing the grains in great abundance. Iron and eoal un- 
derlie the greater part of the county and have been worked 
successfully. PotIcr*s earth is also found. Farms 1.179; 
manuf. 201 ; dwell. 2,924, and pop.— wh. 17,607, fr. eol. 103 
—total 17,710. Ctqntal: liloomsburg. Pti7jli<; Worlrs : 
North Branch Canal and CatLiwissa R. R., etc. 

CoLUMRTA county, Wise. Situate centrally, and contains 
796 sq. m. Drained by the Neenah or Fox r. on the N., 
hy "Wisconsin r. on the W., and a brant^h of Rock r. on tho 
S. E. The Neenah and "Wisconsin here approximate each 
other closely, and their navigation is united by means of a 
canal cut tlirough Winnebago portage. The surface is level 
prairie interspersed with groves, and the soils are exceed- 
indy fertile. Farms 8SS; manuf. 24: dwell. 1,853. and 
142 



pop.— wh. 9,547, fr. col. IS — total 9,5G5. Capital: Fort 
Winnebago. Public Worlcs: Portage Canal. 

Columbia, p. v., Henry co., AUt. : on the E. side of Chat- 
taliooc4iee r., 100 ra. S. E. Montgomerj'. 

Columbia, p. v., and cap. Chicot eo., Ark. : on the 
isthmus between the Mississippi r. and Old Elver Lake, 143 
ra. S. E. Little Rock. It is a pleasant v., with 7 or S stores, 
and about 300 inhabitants. The whole country round is one 
cluster of cotton plantations. 

Columbia, t. and p. v., Tolland co.. Conn. : 21 m. E. S. E. 
Hartford. Drained by a branch of Willimantic r., which 
aflV)rds water-power. Surface uneven, and soils gravelly — 
well adapted to grazing. It has but few manufactures. 
Pop. 2,041. 

Columbia, p. v., Fayette CO., Ind. : on Garrison's cr. of 
White Water r., about 3 m. W, of the latter, and 51 m. 
£. S. E. Indianapolis. 

Columbia, p. v., and cap. Whitley co., Ind. : on the 
N. W. side of Blue r., 105 m. N. N. E. Indianapolis. It is 
a flourishing v. aud has aboftt 600 inhabitants. 

Columbia, p. v., Monroe co., III. : 97 m. S. by W. Spring- 
field, and 13 m. S. of Illinoistown on the Mississippi r. 

Columbia, v., Wapello eo., la. : on the N. side of Des 
Moines r., 61 m. S. W. by W. Iowa City. 

Columbia, p. v., and cap. Adair co., Ky. : on Russell's 
er. of Green r., 79 m. S. S. E. Frankfort. Pop. 600. 

Columbia, p. v., and cap. Caldwell par., La. : on the W. 
side Wachita r., 124 m. N. N. W. Baton Rouge. It contains 
the county C. II. and about 200 inhabitants. 

Columbia, t. and p. v., Washington co., 3fe. : in the S. 
part of the co., 112 m. E. by N. Augusta. Pleasant River 
Bay sets up to its S. border, and the river itself passes through 
the t., furnishing excellent mill sites. Its trade is consider- 
able, particularly in lumber. The v. is located at the head 
of tide water, on Pleasant r. Pop. oft. 1,140. 

Columbia, t. and p. o., Jackson co., Midi. : on North 
Raisin r., 45 m. S. S. E. Lansing. The t. is well drained 
by numerous lakes and streams, and is one of the most 
flourishing in the county. Pop. 1,140. 

Columbia, p. v., and cap. Boone co., 310.: on the W. 
side of Hinckson's brancli of Rochperee r., a tributary of 
Missouri r., 27 m. N. N. W. Jefferson City. 

Columbia, p. v., and cap. Marion co., Miss. : on the E. 
side of Pearl r., 77 m. S. S. E. Jackson. 

Columbia, p. v., and cap. Tyrrell co., N". Car. : on the E. 
side of Scoupernong cr., 3 or 4 m. from its confluence with 
Albemarle Sound, and 16S m. E. Raleigh. 

Columbia, t. and p. o., Coos co., K. Ilamp. : on the E. 
side of Connecticut r., 108 m N. by W. Concord. The sur- 
face is uneven and mountainous, and has several rapid 
creeks flowing to the Connecticut. There are .also several 
small ponds in llie t., on the banks of one of which, Lime 
Pond, vast quantities of shells are found, from which lime 
is made. Pop. 762. 

Columbia, t and p. v., Herkimer co., N. Y. : about, 10 m. 
S. of the village of I'lerkimer, and 63 m. W. N. W. Albany. 



COL 



COL 



The t. 13 ilrainLHl by Ihti liead streams of Ihc Unaililla and 
Susquehanna rivers, and by creeks flowing N. to the Mo- 
hawk r. Pop. 2,001. 

Columbia, p. v., "Warren co., ^V". Jer, : on the E. side of 
Delaware r., at (he mouth of Pauliu'a Kill, 53 m. N. N. "W. 
Trenton. 

Columbia, L and p. o., Ilamilton co., Ohio: on the N. 
side of the Ohio and Little iUami r., 6 m. E. Cincinnati and 
96 m. S. W. Columbus. The Little Miami R. R. traverses 
its S. border in the valley of the river. Pop. 2,410. 

Columbia, p. v., Lancaster co., Penn. : on the E. bank 
of Susquehanna r., over which there is a bridge 5,(500 feet 
long, resting on stone piers. It is connected with Havre de 
Grace by the Tide "Water Canal, and the Philadelphia and 
Columbia E. R. passes Ihrnuirh it iind branches oflT to the 
N. W., to a junction willi th^ Laneasler and llarrisburg 
R. R. It has considerablo trade with Rahinmrc aiiri Phila- 
delphia. The borough eonlaiiis a to^vn hall, Jail, 13 church- 
es, and a number of ofiier public buildings; and it is sup- 
plied with water, through pipes, from some springs in 
the vicinity. The "C. Spy" is published weekly. Pop. 
4,.'540. 

Columbia, p. city, and cap. Richland dist., *S'. Oir.y and 
capital of the State : on the E. side of Congaree r, imme- 
diately below the confluence of its constituents, Broad and 
Saluda rivers, in lat. 83° 57', and long. 81° OT' W., 500 m. 
S. by W. Washington. The r. is here open to light draft 
navigation. The city is built on an elevated plain of about 
3 or 4 miles in extent— the descent sloping in all directions 
gradually. It was founded in ITS", and is laid out on the 
rectangular plan, the streets crossing each other at right 
angles, and 100 feet wide. The principal buildings are the 
State House, tho county buildings, market house, banking 
houses, academies, and churches. The State House, in the 
central part of the city, is ITO feet long and 60 feet wide, two 
stories high. Columbia is also the seat of the South Caro- 
lina College, founded in 1804, and which, in 1850, had 8 
professors and 195 students, and a library of 17,000 volumes. 
The college buildings are very extensive and of brick, sur- 
mounting one of which is a fine observatory, which posses- 
ses apparatus of great value. Tliis institution is under the 
patronage of the State. The Southern Theological Sem- 
inary is also located here. It is a Presbyterian institution. 
and in 1850 it had 6 professors and 82 students, wilh a li- 
brary of 4,600 volumes. The dwelling houses are chiefly 
of wood, but there are several built of brick in a style of 
elegance becoming the capital of the State. Tlie city is 
suiJpIied with pure water from springs, raised by steam- 
power, and distributed through iron pipes. The high situ- 
ation tho city occupies contributes greatly to the health of 
the inhabitants, and also affords an extensive view of the 
surrounding scenery, which is chiefly a cotton and com re- 
gion, in the highest state of culture. 

Columbia has three daily and two weekly newspapers — 
the dailies are, the "State Rights Republican" (dem), the 
"South Carolinian" (dem.), and the "Telegraph" (indep.), 
the last two of which issue also tri-weekly and weekly 
editions; and the weeklies are the "Palmetto State Ran - 
ncr" (dera.), and the "South Carolina Temperance Advo- 
cate." The city has also considerable manufactures, which 
have been altogether initiated within the past decade, and 
its trade and commercial connection has greatly advanced 
since the completion of the lines of railroad diverging in 
all directions tVom tliis the chief railroad centre of the Slate, 
and when the system proposed for South Carolina shall 
have formed junctions with the lines of the surrounding 
Stales, me commcrci;d prosperity of this city will be inde- 
finitely enhanced. The railroads now centering in Colum- 
bia are— the Columbia Branch of the South Carolina P.. R. : 
the Charlotte an<l South Carolina R. R. ; and the Creenville 
and Columliia R. R., witli their brandies an<i connections 
West and North. The design is to continue the last thrnugli 
Rabun Gap to Chattanooga, thus connecting this piafc di- 



rectly wilh the Ohio Valley railroads, and those extending 
to and beyond the Mississippi river. Pop. 4,600. 

Columbia, p. v., and cap. Maury co., Tenn. : on the S. 
side of Duck r., 89 m. S. by W. Nashville. Jackson Col- 
lege, founded 1833, is located here, and in 1850 had 5 ]>ro- 
fessors, 26 students, and a library of 2,500 volumes. Two 
newspapers, tho "Tennessee Democrat" (dem.), and thp 
"Maury Intelligencer" (whig), are published weekly; and 
the "Guardian" (literary), monthly. The public buildings 
are the C. H. and county jail, and the village also contains 
several stores and about 1,600 inhabitants. The railroad 
from Nashville ?;?'(/■ Florence, etc., to Jackson and New Or- 
leans, will pass through or near this place. 

Columbia, p. v., Brazoria co., Tex.: on the W. side, of 
Brazos r., 33 m. from the gulf, and 154 m. S. E. Austin City. 
It is a flourishing village and enjoys considerable river 
trade. Pop. 360. 

Columbia, p. o., Fluvanna co., Virg. : on the N. side of 
James r., where it is joined by tho lUvanna r., 40 m. W. N. W. 
Richmond. Pop. 300. 

Columbia Centre, p. o., Licking co., Ohio: 3^3 m. N. E. 
by E. Columbus. 

Columbia City, p. v., Clark co., Ore(/. Tcr. : on the 
N. bank of Columbia r., 57 m. N. Salem. It has good 
prospects of becoming one of Ihc commercial places of 
future Oregon. 

CoLii^BiA Ceoss Roads, p. o., BradOirJ co., Pf-nn. : Vl'2 
m, N. by E. llarrisburg. 

Columbia Fuenace, p. v., Shenandoah co., Virg.: 112 
m. N. W. Richmond. 

Columbia (or Oeegon) river, Oreg. Tei\ : is the great 
river of the country, and the recipient of all the other rivers 
of the territory, having their origin eastward of the coast 
range of mountains. Its N. branch rises in the Rocky 
Mountains in about 50° N. lat. and 116° W. long., and 
thence pursues a N. route to near M'Gillivray's Pass. Here 
the river is 3,600 feet above the sea-level, and, receiving 
Canoe r., it then turns S., and in its course to Fort Colvillc 
it successively takes up the waters of numerous tributaries, 
the chief of which are the Kootanie, or Flat Bow, an<I Flat 
Head or Clark's rivers. The Columbia is thus far surround- 
ed by higii mountains, and often expands into a chain of 
lakes. At Colviile its elevation is 2,049 feet above the sea, 
having fallen 55G feet in 220 miles. To the S. of this point 
it tends to the W., receiving Spokan r. from the E, ; 
thence it pursues a W. course for GO in., and bending to the 
S., receives Okauagon r., which has its source in a line of 
lakes extensively susceptible of canoe navigation. The 
Columbia thence passes S. until it reaches Wallawalla, in 
45° N. lat,, and receives tlie Saptin or Lewis r. ; here the 
elevation of the Columbia is l,2s6 feet, and its width about 
3,500 feet. It now takes its last turn to tlie W., receiving 
the Umatilla. Quistud's, John Day's, and Chute rivers from 
the S., and Cathlatate's from the N., and pursuing a rapid 
course for SO m., it passes the gorge of ttie Cascailc 
Mountains in a series of falls and rapids, that form an 
insurmountable obstacle to the passage of boats, even in 
time of flood, and are overcome by portages. From this 
point there is still-water navigation for 40 miles, when rapiils 
again interrupt free sailing, but hence to the ocean 120 
miles, tho river, though frequently obstructed by bars, is 
open to vessels of less than 12 feet draft. In this part of its 
course it receives tlie Willamette r. from the S., and tho 
(^iwlilz from the N. The Willamette is navigable for small 
vessels lo within three miles of its falls. 'Within a distance 
of 20 miles from the ocean, the Columbia is greatly increased 
in width, and at Its mouth, between Cape Disappointment 
and Cajie Adams, its width is seven ndles, but from each 
of these capes a sand-bar extends nhieh renders the 
actual navigable channel contracted and narrow. The 
mouth of the Columbia was discovered by Captain Gray, 
of Boston, commander of ship Columbia, of 2'iO tons, on the 
11th Alay, 1792 : and on the strength of this discovery the 

143 



COL 



COL 



United States based their right to the territory watered by 
its tributaries. 

CoLDTUBiAXA county, Ohio. Situate E., and contains 740 
eq. m. Drained by Little Beaver r. and its branches, and 
the Ohio r. washes its S. E. borders. Surface in the S. hilly 
and broken, with a light soil— in the N. and middle more 
level, with deep and productive sods. Limestone and 
water lime exist in all parts ; salt springs in the S., marl in 
the X., and iron ore and bituminous eoal in the central dis- 
tricts ; live-stock is numerous : and the agricultural products 
vt-rj' large ; and coal and salt have long been produced in 
large quantities. Farms 2,338; manuf. ISO; dwell. 5,S34, 
and pop.— wh. 83.444, fr. col. 1T7— total 83,621. Capital: 
Nl-w Lisbon. PnhlieWorks: Ohio and Pennsylvania R. E. ; 
Cleveland and Pittsburg E. E., etc. ; and the Sandy and 
Beaver Canal. 

Columbiana, p. v., and cap. Shelby co., Ala. : 1 m. "W". 
of Coosa r., and 5S m. N. by W. Montgomery. 

Columbiana, p. v., Columbiana co., Ohio : on the line of 
the Ohio and Pennsylvania R. E.. 59 m. from Pittsburg and 
132 m. E. N. E. Columbus. Pop. COO. 

Columbian Geove. p. o., Luncnburgh co., Virg. : G6 m. 
S. yf. Richmond. 

Columbus county, iV^ Car. Situate S. E., and contains 
680 sq. m. Drained by Lumber r. and its tributaries, and 
in the S. and E. by "VMiite Marsh and Beaver creeks of 
Waccomaw r. Surface low, and somewhat marshy. Soils 
good with some exceptions, producing corn, potatoes, and 
rice. Farms 399 ; manuf. 6 ; dwell, 777, and pop.— wh. 
4,257, fr. col. 149, si. 1,503— total 5,909. Cujdkil: Whites- 
ville. Puhlic Works : Wilmington and Manchester E. R. 

CoLUMiius, p. v., Hempstead co., Ark'. : 122 m. S. W. 
Little Eock. 

Columbus, p. v., Columbia co., Flor, : on the E. side of 
Suwanee r., immediately below the confluence of Wilhla- 
cooehec r., G4 m. E. by S. Tallahassee. 

Columbus, p. v., and cap. Muscogee co., Ga. : on the E. 
side of Chattahoochee r., at the head of steam navig-ation, 
and inimedi.ately below the falls of the r., which have a 
descent of 111 feet in 3 miles, IIS m. W. by S. Milledgeville. 
It is 175 miles above the junction with Flint r., and 275 m. 
above Appalachicola Bay. Immediately below the falls the 
river has a width of only IIS yards, but soon expands to 
25(J yards wide. The site of the v. is 60 feet above the or- 
dinary height of the r., and covers 1,200 acres. Two streets 
running parallel with the r. N. and S., are 1G5 feet wide, 
and six others have a width of 132 feet; these are intersect- 
ed at right angles by twelve other streets, which are 99 feet 
wide. It contains a C. IT., jail, several banks, a market- 
house, numerous churches, and about 2,4i)0 dwellings; and 
it also has several large cotton mills, and woolen factories 
and flouring mills. It is one of tlie great commercial cen- 
tres (Jf Georgia, and a dep6t of a large extent of rich cotton 
country. The Muscogee R. R. terminates here, and extends 
hence to Macon, connecting with the Central E. R. to Savan- 
nah, and the Macon and "Western R. E., etc., to Nashville and 
Knoxvillc, Tenn. ; from Gerard, on the opposite side of the 
river, a railroad is about to be built to Mobile. The bridge 
over the r. at this point cost $30,00o. A large number of 
steamboats ply on the r., carrying cotton, etc., to the sea- 
board and Xew Orleans ; at all seasons, boats drawing 5 
feet of water can come up to this place. Columbus is a v. 
of modern date, having been laid out in 1S2S; its growth 
has been rapid— in 1S40 it had 3,114 inhabitants, and in 
1850, about 8,000. It has three newspapers, the " C, Times,*' 
published tri-wcekly and weekly, and the " C. Enquirer" 
and the "Southern Sentinel," published weekly. 

Columbus, p. v., and cap. Bartholomew co., lud. : on the 
E. bank of the E. fork of White r., immediately below the 
mouth of Flat Rock cr., 41 m. S. S. E. Indianapolis. Its sit- 
nalion is a fine one, on high ground overlooking the valleys 
of "White r.. Flat Roek cr., and Haw cr., which nearly sur- 
round it. The line of the Madison and Iudianapoli» R. E, 
144 



passes through the v., and here also is the N. terminus of 
the Jeflersonville R. E. It is a place of considerable man- 
ufactures, and its trade and commerce, fostered by its am- 
ple facilities of transportation, are large and ever increasing. 
It has two newspapers, the "Spirit of the West" (whig), 
and the " C. Democrat,'' both issued weekly. Pop. about 
4,500. 

Columbus, p. v., Adams co., HI. : on the Quincy and 
Columbus E. E., SO m. W. by N. Springfield, and 15 ra. 
from Quincy, on the Mississippi r. 

CoLUMDus, p. v., and cap. Hickman co., Ki/. : on the 
Mississippi r., 25 m. below the mouth of the Ohio r., and 
252 m. W. S. W. Frankfort. 

CoLUMBU-s, t. and p. v., St. Clair co., JficJi. : on Belle r., 
97 m. E. Lansing. Pop. 3,077. 

Columbus, p. city, and cap. Lowndes co., Miss. : at the 
bead of steamboat navigation, and E. of Tombigbee r., 126 
m. N. E. Jackson. The city is built on an elevated bank, 
120 feet above the r., and contains, besides the court-hou.se 
and other county buildings, 7 churches and several largo 
warehouses. There is a bridge across the river which cost 
$50,000. The trade centering here is large, the city being 
the chief depot for the cotton, etc., of an extensive countrj': 
and the inhabitants enjoy the benefit of a well-conducted 
paper, the '' C. Democrat,'' which is published weekly. 
Pop. S,000. 

Columbus, p. v., Johnson co., Mo. : on Black r., 92 m. W. 
by N. Jeflfcrson City. 

Columbus, p. v., Buriington co., iV! Jer. : 11 m. S. by E. 
Trenton. 

CoLL-MBus, t and p. v., Chenango co., 2f. Y. : on the "W. 
side of Unadilla cr., SO m. W. Albany. The v. is a small 
agricultural settlement. Pop. oft 1,351. 

Columbus, p. city, and cap. Franklin co., Ohio, and cap. 
of the State of Ohio: on the E. side of the Scioto r., just 
below the confluence of the Whetstone r., in lat.89C» 57' N., 
and long. SS'^ 03' W., 396 m. from Washington. Previous 
to 1S12, when it was fixed on for the Slate capital, the site 
of the city was in the wilderness. In 1S20 it contained 1,400 
inhabitants ; in 1830, 2,4=39 ; in 1S40, 6.048 ; and in 1850, 17,883. 

The land on which the city is built rises gradually from 
the r., and the streets are laid out at right angles. Broad- 
street extends from the river along the National lioad to the 
E. of the city, and is 120 feet wide, and High-street. 100 
feet wide, crosses Broad at the N. W. corner of the Public 
Square, of 10 acres, running N. and S. This is the princi- 
pal business street. All other streets are SS feet wide, and 
the alleys 33 feet wide. The public buildings are the Cap- 
itol or State House, the Penitentiary, asylums severally for 
the insane, the deaf and dumb, and the blind ; several col- 
leges, seminaries, and numerous churches of all denomina- 
tions. The old State House was destroyed by fire on the 
1st Feb., 1S52, and in consequence a great number of 
documents illustrating the histor}' of the State were lost, 
never to be restored. The new State House is one of 
the most magnificent buildings in the Union. It is 804 
feet long and 184 feet wide, covering an area of 50,936 
square feet. The basement is 16 feet above the common 
surface ; the height of blocking course is 62 feet, and to the 
top of the rotunda 157 feet, its diameter being 04 feet. The 
first floor contains 28 fire-proof rooms for the public offices ; 
and the second floor contains the Hall of Representatives, 
which is 84 feet long and 72^ feet wide, the Senate Cham- 
ber 56 feet by 72) ; the Librarj', the U. S. Court room, and 
26 committee rooms. The State Penitentiary is also a spa- 
cious and elegant edifice on the Scioto r.. X.W. of the State 
House. It is a splendid building, of hewn limestone ; the 
centre is 56 feet long, 4 stories high, and the two wings each 
200 feet long and S stories higli. The private dwellings arc 
generally neat, substantial, and many of them elegant. 

The avenues of travel and commerce connecting Colum- 
bus with olhorpHris of the State and Fjiion, are the National 
Road, a branch of the Ohio Canal, the Columbus and Xenia 



COL 



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li. K., the ClfVilami. Columbus, and Cincinnati K. 11., the 
Central Ohio K. 11., etc. The railroads are Ihe creations of 
the last ten years, and have been the cause of the extraor- 
dinary triplication of the poimhilion in that period- As a 
commercial dep6l. the city has eminent facilities— as a central 
position, in regard to every portion of the State, its location 
on one of the largest rivers, ami its grand works of internal 
improvement. It has numerous and extensive manufac- 
tures, and, on the ^rhole, is one of the most prosperous 
among westcni cities. There are published within tho city 
two daily newspapers, both of which also issue tri-weekly 
and weekly editions ; four weekly, one semi-monthly, 
two monthly, and one occasional. The dailies arc the 
"Ohio State Journal" (whig), and the "Ohio Statesman" 
(dem.) The weeklies are the "Ohio Standard" (whig), 
tlie " Dollar," and " Swan's Elevator" (neutral), and 
•' Der Westbote'' (Germ.) The semi-monthly is the " Ohio 
Cultivator" (agric.) The monthlies are the " 'Westem Lit- 
erary Magazine," and the " Ark ;" and the " Conventional 
Keporter" is published occasionally. 

Columbus, t, and p. o., Warren co., Penn. : 199 m. N.W. 
Harrisbnrg. Iron is manufactured in this t. Pop. ],4'22. 

CoLUMuus, p. v., Polk CO., Tenn. : on the K. bank of the 
Iliwassee r., ]3.3 m. S. E. byE. Nashville. 

CoLU.MBFS, p. v., and cap. Colorado co.. 7^a•. ; on the "W. 
bank of Colorado r., 83 m. in a direct line S. E. from Austin 
City. The v. stands on a high bluff, forming part of a 
beautiful elevated praiine, surrounded by dense forests of 
cotton-wood, live-oak, etc. The population amounts to 
about 600. 

Columbus, t. and p. v., Columbia co., Wise. : on a branch 
of Rock r., 2G m. N. E. Madison. Pop. 960. 

Columbus City, p. v., Louisa co., la. : on the "W. side 
of Iowa r., about 2 m. below the junction of Cedar r., 27 m. 
S. by E. Iowa City. Pop. 1,1?3. 

CoLusi, p. v., and cap. Colusi co., Calif. : on the W. 
side of Sacramento r., in the S. E. corner of the co., SO m. 
N. by E. Vallejo. 

CoLusi county, Calif. Situate N. W., and contains 
8,600 sq. m. Drained by numerous tributaries of Sacramento 
r,, which forms its E. border. Surface generally level — in 
the W. hilly and mountainous, being in that direction 
bounded by the coast range. Farms — ; manuf. — ; dwell. 
— , and pop.— wh. 536, fr. col. 84— total 620. Capital: 
Colusi. 

Colvin's Tavern, p. o., Culpepper co., Virff. : 77 m. 
N. N. "W. Pichmond. 

Comal county, 7kr. Situate S. "W. centrally, and con- 
tains 760 sq. m. Drained centrally by creeks of the Eio 
Guadalupe, on Ihe N. by Marten's Fork of Eio San Marcos, 
and in the S. "W. by the liio Cibolo, wliich bounds it in that 
direction. Surface mountainous, with the great Valley of 
the Guadalupe intervening. Soils generally rich, and well 
cultivated in the settlements. The inlial)ilants are chiefly 
Germans, whose habits of industry and thrift will be inval- 
uable to the State. Earms 55; manuf. S; dwell. 3CT. and 
pop.— wh. 1,662, fr. col. 0, si. 61— total 1,723, Capital: 
New Braunfels. 

CoMAN's Well, p. o., Sussex co.. Virff. : 53 m. S. S. E. 
Richmond. Formerly a noted watering place, it is now an 
almost deserted village. 

Comfort's, p. o., -Tones co., y. Car. : 98 m. S. E. Raleigh. 

CoMMAcn (Comae), p. v., Suffolk co-.jA'; 5'. ; on the middle 
post road, 122 m. S. S. E. Albany. It contains about 30 
dwellings. 

CoMMERCF, t. and p. v., Oakland co.. Mir?t. : 52 m. E. by S. 
Augusta. It contains numerous smalt lakes, some ofwiiich 
empty into the Rouge r., and others through Clinton r. The 
v. is located on Ihe S. side of Burt Lake. Pop, 1,428. 

CoMMERCF,, p. v., Tunica co., ^n.-is. : on the E. bank of 
the Mississippi r., 168 m. N. by W. Jackson. It was orig- 
inally designed for a large city, and the commercial mart 
of the back country, to reach which a railroad was com- 



menced, but abandoned. The place is now composed of a 
few dwellings. 

Commerce, p. v., Scott co., Mo. : on the W. bank of the 
Mississippi, 12 m. below Cape Girardeau, and 17S m. S. E. 
Jefferson City. Its name is a misnomer. 

CoMMEBCE, p. v., Wilson CO., Tenn.: on a cr. of Cumber- 
land r., 37 m. E. Nashville. 

CoMMETTSBOEG, p. V., Washington co., Petin, : 191 m.W. 
Harrisburg. 

CoMO, p. o., Whitesides co., III. : on tho N. side of Rock r., 
at the point where Elk Ilorn r. has its confluence, 136 m. N 
Springfield. 

CoMO, p. 0., Henry co., Tenn : 92 m. W. by N. Nashville. 

CoMO, p. o., De Soto CO., Mi^s. : 167 m. N. Jackson. 

CoMSTOCK, t and p. v., Kalamazoo co., Mich. : on both 
sides of Kalamazoo r., 34 ra. S. W. by W. Lansing. It is a 
rich agricultural town. The v. is situate on the N. side of 
the r., and on the line of the Michigan Central R. R., 137 
ra. from Detroit, and 144 m. from Chicago. 

Comstook's Landing, p. o., Washington co., N. Y. : 57 
m. N. by E. Albany. 

CoNCHARDEE, p. V., Talladega co., Ala. : 61 m. N. 
Montgomery. 

Concord, p. v., Sussex co., Del. : at the head of Broad 
er., a tributary of Nanticoke r., 3S m. S. Dover. 

Concord, p. v., ^forgan co., III. : on tlic S. of Indian cr., 
48 m. W. Springfield. 

Concord, p. v., Eaker co., Ga. : on the W. si<Ie of the 
Icbowaynochaway r., a tributary of Flint r.. 1:^2 m. S. W. 
Milledgeville. It lies on the Albany and Fort Gaines road. 

Concord, t. and p. v., Jefferson co., Wi^c. : on the S. of 
Rock r., 39 m. E. Madison. 

Concord, p. v., Tippecanoe co., Iml.: on Wea cr. of 
Wabash r., 5 m. N. W. Indianapolis. 

CoNcoKD, p. v., Louisa co., la. : on the E. side of Iowa r., 
31 m. S. by E. Iowa City. 

CoxcoED, p. v., Lewis co., Ky.: on the S. bank of the 
Ohio r., 89 m. E. N. E. Frankfort. It contains a church, 7 
stores, and 160 inhabitants. 

Concord, t. and p. v., Somerset co., Me. : on the W. side 
of Kennebec r., 42 m. N. by W. Au^sta. Pop. 550. 

Concord, t, p. v., and one of the capitals of Middlesex 
CO., Mass. : on both sides of Concord r., 17 m. W. N, W. 
Boston. The t. has a soil of average fertility, and is well 
drained by the As.sabot and Sudbury rivers, which here 
unite, forming Concord r. The v. contains a C. II., jail, sev- 
eral churches, and about 2i'0 dwellings. Here, on the 19th 
April, 1775, was made the first forcible resistance to the 
British power, and a handsome monument now marks the 
spot where the first blood of the Revolution was spilled. 
The monument is a granite obelisk, 25 feet high, with a 
square base 5i feel in diameter, and about 3 feet high, with 
an appropriate inscription on a panel of Italian marble. 
Concord was the first inland settlement in the Colony of 
Massachusetts Bay, and was incorporated as early as 1635. 
Its Indian name was Musketaquid. The General Court of 
the colony frequently held its sessions in this to^vn, and in 
the year 1774 the Provincial Congress selected it as their 
place of meeting. The manufactures of Concord consist of 
cotton goods, satinets, and flannels : boots, shoes, hats, cab- 
inet ware, agricultural implements, etc. Many of the estab- 
lishments are on an extensive scale. The Fitchburg R. E. 
passes through the town 20 m. from Boston and 30 from 
Fitchburg. Pop. 2,249. 

Concord, t. and p. v., Jackson co., Midi.: on the head 
streams of Kalamazoo r., 36 m. S. Lansing. The v. is 
located on the singe route from Jackson to Whi^e I'idgeon, 
14 m. from Jackson. The water-power of the neigliborhood 
is immense, and in Hiis t. are found some of the best farm- 
ing lands of the co. A mile S. of the v. are several minaral 
springs. Pop. 9>4. 

Concord, p. v., Callaway co.. Mo. : at the head of Aax 
Vases r., 31 m. N. by E. Jefferson City. 

14fi 



CON 



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Concord, j>. v., and cap. Cabarras co., J^. Car. : on tHe 
W. side of Cig Cold Water cr., a branch of Kocky r. of llie 
Yadkin, 102 m. "W. S. "W. Raleigh. It ia a considerable v. 
of some 400 inhabitants. 

CoNconD, t, p. v., and cap. Mcrriraac co., 2^. JIatnp., 
and cap. of the State: it lies on both sides of the Merri- 
mac r.. in lat. 43° 12' 29" N., and long. 71° 29' W., 474 m. 
N. E. "Washington. There arc five ponds in the town, the 
largest of wliich are Turkey Pond in the 6. W., and Long 
Pond in the N.W. sections, tUe outlet streams of which fur- 
nish extensive hydraulic power. The Contoocook r. joins 
the Mcrriraac on the N. line of the t, and forms at the 
junction the celebrated " D\iston'9 Island." The intervale 
lands of the Merrimac are very fertile, and highly cullivatod. 
Soon after entering Concord, the r. passes over Sewcll's Fall^, 
and thence has no natural obstruction until it reaches the falls 
at the S. E. extremity of the t, where is a vast water-power. 
Locks are here constructed, and boat navigation secured. 
The river is here about 100 yards wide, but during freshets 
the water rises 20 feet above the ordinary level, presenting 
to the eye a body of water a mile wide. There are hand- 
some bridges spanning the river. There are three villages 
in the t, the principal of which, and the seat of its chief 
business, is on the "W. side of the r., extending along it about 
2 m. The State House, Court House, State Prison, and other 
public buildings are in this v. The State House occupies 
a beautiful site in the centre, and is constructed of hewn 
granite. It is 126 feet in length, 49 feet in width, and with 
a projection in the centre of 4 feet on each front. The cost 
of the building was $S0,000. The State Prison is also a 
massive granite building, 70 by 36 feet, surrounded by a 
high stonewall. Tbe second principal village isatSewaU's 
Falls, and the other in the W. part of the town. 

Concord, originally called Penacool; was granted by 
Massachusetts to a company of settlers, 17th Jan., 1725, and 
the settlement was begun in the following year. In 1733 it 
was incorporated nnder the name of Rumford, which name 
wa.s changed in 1765 to Concord. Tbe population in 1775 
was 1,052 ; in 1 TOO, 1,747 ; in 1800, 2,052 ; in ISIO, 2,393 ; in 
1820, 2,83S; in 1830, 3^727; in 1S40, 4,897; and in 1850, 
8,584, its progress during the last decade having been stim- 
ulated by the development of its manufacturing facilities 
and the extension of the railroad system centering within it. 
Concord is now, indeed, one of the chief seats of New En- 
gland industry. It has numerous large cotton factories, 
paper mills, boot and shoe shops, and a variety of other in- 
dustrial establishments. Its neighborhood also abounds in 
granite, which is exported. In the t. are also potteries, bill- 
ing mills, etc. ; and in the publishing business Concord has 
long been remarkably successful. In 1*50 four newspapers 
were published weekly, and one semi-monthly ; the weekly 
papers were, the " N. H. Patriot and State Gazette'' (dem.) ; 
the "N. H. Statesman" (whig) ; tbe "Indepen<lent Democrat" 
(free soil); and the "Congregational Journal" (relig.); and 
the semi-monthly, was the "Under-Current," a paper de- 
voted to temperance. 

Concord lies on the route of travel and commerce between 
Bos'on and Montreal, and Boston and the far West, and 
hence has become a principal centre of the New England 
system of railroads. It has also a railroad connection with 
Portsmouth. The railroads centering here are. the Concord 
R. R., extending to Nashua and Boston ; the Boston, Con- 
cord, and Montreal K. R., extending to Haverhill on the 
Connecticut, and to Montreal ; the Concord and Claremont 
R. R. ; the PorL«*moutb and Concord R, R. ; the Northern 
New Hampshire R. R., extending to West Lebanon, on the 
Connecticut, and continued by Ihe Vermont, 'New York, 
and Canada railroads to Rouse^'a Point, Montreal, Ogdens- 
burg, Kingston, etc. 

Concord, p. v., Franklin co., _r^;jH. .-61 m. W. by S. 
Ilarrisburg. 

CoNcojin, t. and p. v., Lako co., Ohio: 3 ra. S. of Paines- 
vUle and 146 N. E. Columbus. The town is drained by 
U6 



several tributaries of Grand r., which afford exceltcut 
mill-sites. Pop. 1,031. 

Concord, p. v., Harrison co., Tex. : 2C6 m. N. E. 
Austin City. 

Concord, t. and p. o., Essex co., Venm. : on the N. W. 
side of the Connecticut r., 37 ni. E. by N. Montpclier. It is 
drained in the N.W. by a branch of Passumsic r., and two 
ponds in the S. E. part of the t. discharge their waters into 
Connecticut r., affording mill-sites. Concord is an excellent 
grazing country. 

Concord, p. v., Appomattox co., Ftrff. .* S2 m.W. S. W. 
Richmond. Pop. 1,152. 

CoNXOP.D river, J/(W*. ; formed by the union of Assabct 
and Sudbury rivers at Concord, and after passing Ihrough 
the towns of Bedford, BeHorica, and Chcluisford, it falls 
into tlie Merrimac r., between Lowell and Tewkesbury. 
This r. furnishes the Middh?scx Canal with most of its 
water. 

CoNCOCDiA parish. La. Situate W. of Mississippi r., and 
contains 7S0 sq. m. Tbe Tensas r. lies on its W. border, 
and Red r. on its S. border. The surface is level, and 
excejit a few elevated strips, liable to inundation in times 
of high water. The soils arc exceedingly fertile, and orig- 
inally were covered with a heavy forest growth. Tbe chief 
product is Cotton, of which a large amount is produced. 
Farms 14S ; manuf. 0; dwell. 219, and pop.— wh. S23, fr. 
col. 1, si. 6,934— total 7,758. Capitid: Vidalia. Public 
Works : a R. R. projected from Vidalia to Slireveport. 

Concordia, p. v.. Bolivar co., Miss. : on Lake Concordia, 
121 m. N. N. W. Jackson. 

Concohdia, p. v., Darke co., 07iio: on tbe E. side of the 
head Btrcam of White Wati^r r., 93 m. W. Columbus. 

Concordia, p. v., Fayette co.^Tenn. : on Loosahatcliie r., 
in the N. W. corner of the county, 107 ra. W. S. W. Nash- 
ville. It contains about 200 inhabitants. 

ConcordvillEj p. v., Delaware co., Penn. : 79 m. E. by S. 
Harrisburg. 

CoNEcocnEAGtTE river, 3fd. : a tributary of the Potomac 
r. from Pennsylvania. It empties itself at Williamsport. 

CoSECUu county, Ala. Situate S. middle, and contiiins 
1,476 sq. m. Drained by Escambia r., Burned Corn cr.. 
Murder cr, and others, tributaries of Conecuh r., which 
parses from N. E. to S. W. in the S. part of the co. Surface 
low and generally level, and soils moderately fertile, pro- 
ducing cotton, com, and some rice. Farms 49S; manuf. 
12; dwell. 847, and pop._wh. 4.923, fr. col. G, si. 4,394— 
total 9,822. Capital : Sparta. Puhli*: Works : Gerard and 
Mobile R. R., etc 

CoNECun river, Ala. and Flnr. : rises in Alabama, and 
passes Uirough Florida into Pcnsacola Bay. Two miles 
below the Florida line it receives the Escambia, the name 
of which it assumes, although the larger stream. It is nav- 
igable for more than 100 miles. 

CoNEMArcn river, Penn. : rises in the Alleghany Mount- 
ains, and runs W. N.W. into the Alleghany r., 29 m. N. N. E. 
Pittsburg. In the lower part of its course it takes the name 
of Kiskerainc'tas. It has salt-works on both its banks, 15 m. 
N. E. Greensburg. The Pennsylvania Canal passes along 
its border from Johnstown till it enters into the Alleghany. 
Its length is about 1.50 m. 

CoNKRLYS, p. o., Pike CO., iI/7.9.<!. ." S6 m. S. Jackson. 

CoNESToGA, t. and p. v., Lancaster co., Penn, : on 
Concstoga cr., 39 m. S. E. Harrisburg. 

CoNESus, t. and p. v., Linngston co., K. Y.: between 
Conesus and Hemlock lakes, 195 m. W. Albany. The 
BufTuIo, Corning, and New York R. R. passes through (he t. 
The V. is a small agricultural settlement in the midst of a 
fine fertile region. Pop. oft.l,41S. 

Conesus lake, Livingston co., Al Y.: a small sheet of 
water about 9 m. long and a mile in width. Its dcpib 
exceeds 300 feet ; its waters are piu-e and cold, and contain 
abundance offish. 

CoxEsviLLE, t. and p. v., Schoharie co., JV^ K ; on the E. 



CON 



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side of Schoharie or., aud drained by its tributarii.*3. DisUuit 
36 ra. S. W. Albany. l*op. l,o>)2. 

CoNEWANGO, t. and p. v., Cattaraugus co., iVI Y. : on the 
cr. so called, 273 m. W. by S. Albany. Pop. 1,40S. 

CoNKw.vNCO crctk, i\''. T. : rises in Cbaulauque and 
Cattaraugus counties, and flows S. into Alleghany r.. receiv- 
ing the outlet of Chautauque Lake and other tributaries. It 
afTords good boat navigation in season of flood, and is a fine 
mili-stream. 

CoNGAEEE river, S. Cat: : is formed by the union of Broad 
and Saluda rivers, two fine sti*eams which unite immediately 
above Columbia, the State capital. The Congnrfe receives 
no large affluents, but about 30 miles S. E. of CoUmibia it is 
joined by the Wateree from the N. W., and tlienoe the 
united streams take the name of Santee, a river flowing to 
the Atlantic Ocean, which it reaches in about 33° 20' N. lat. 

CoNc.r.F-ss, t. and p. o., "Wayne co.," Ohio: in the N. W. 
corner of the co., S4 m. N. E. by N. Columbus. In the K. 
Killbuck cr., and in theW. the Muddy Fork of "Walhonding 
r. drain the surface, and afford fine mill-seals. 

CoNHocTON, t. and p. v., Steuben co., A'! Y. : on Conhoc- 
ton r.. 1S5 m. W. S.W. Albany. The Buffalfi, Corning, and 
New York K. K. jiasses along the valley. Pop. l.?92. 

CoNUOCToN river, N, Y. : 3i constituent of the Chemung, 



about 05 m. long. It is navigable for rafts in bigh water, 
and at all seasons furnishes extensive mill-power. 

Conine, p. o.. Licking co., Ohio : 33 m. N. E. Columbtis. 

CosKLiN, t. and p. o., Broome co., K. K ; on both side^ 
of Susquehanna r., 103 m. S. "W. Albany. The surface of 
the t. is hilly, but in the valley of the r. there are alluvial 
flats. The New Tork and Erie R. R. runs through the t., 
220 m. from New York City. Pop. 3,232. 

CoNKLiK Centre, p. o., Broome eo., A^. Y. : 106 m. S.M'. 
Albany. 

CoNNEATTT, t and p. T., Ashtabula co., OMo: the most 
N. E. town of the State, on Lake Erie, 173 m. N. E. Colum- 
bus. Conneaut r. drains the whole surface, and at its mouth 
or harbor the village, a flourishing place, is eligibly situate 
for commerce, and owns many vessels engaged in the 
lake trade. The Cleveland, Painesville, and Ashtabula 
R. II. passes through it, connecting it with the sea-board 
and the far "West by continuous chains of railroads. Con- 
neaut has manufactures and considerable trade, and is 
destined to become an important commercial depfit. The 
"C. Reporter" is published weekly. P. of v. 817— I. 2,694. 

Connt;avtv:i LE, p. v.. Crawford co., Pejui. ; on the line 
of the Beaver and Erie Canal, 9S m. from Beaver, on the 
Ohio r., 38 m. from Erie, and 21G N. W. Ilarrisburg. P. 7S7. 



THE STATE OF CONNECTICUT. 

CoxxErTicrr, lying between Massachusolls and Long Island Sound, and extending from Ehode Island to New Tork, 
is till miles in lenstli from E. to W., and in widtli, fi-om N. tp S., from l!0 to 70 miles. It is situated between 41° and 42" 
(i'>' latitudes N., and between 71° 40' and 7.3° 4:r longitudes W. from Greenwich, or 3° 19' and 5° '22' E. from Washington. 
The contents of its superflees is estimated at 4.C74 sqtian: miles. 

.The aspect of the country is greatly diversifled b) hills and valleys. The Iiills are generally of a moderate size, an.l 
occur in quick succession, presenting to the traveler a beautiful and constantly-varying scenery. All the principal ranges 
are continuations of the mountains of the States lying nnrthward. The Ilotisatonic range enters the State in the north- 
west, and extends in a southerly direction aljng the Ilousatonic Elver lo the coast ; this is rather a succession of groups 
and eminences than a continuous range. The Green Mountain range, coming from Vermont and Massachusetts, passes 
through Uie State from N. to S., and terminates at West Eock, a bhitf 4(1 feet high, two miles N. W. of New Haven. Be- 
tween this and the Connecticut Eiver is the Mount Tom range, which, coming from Massachusetts, also traverses this 
State, and terminates at East EocK, 870 feet high, a little to the nortli-e.asl of New Haven. The Blue Hills in Soutliin'_'- 
ton, a part of this ranf'c have an elevatJoa of 1,000 feet, and are said to be the highest land within the State. On the K. 
ride of the (Connecticut is a fourth range, which crosses the river at Chatham and terminates at East Haven. 

The principal vallevs oC the Stole ore the Housatonic on the E., the Connecticut in the centre, ond the Quinnebaug in 
the E. The Valley of the Connecticut varies in breadth fnim 10 to 16 miles, ond extends northward from Middlclown, 
havin" in this State a length of about 30 miles. This is a rich agricultural district. The volleys.of the Quinnebaug and 
Housatonic hove also ferti/e soil, and produce fine crops. The scenery of the valleys is magniticent, and the landscapes 
varied and rom.antic. Many of the surrounding hills are cultivated like gardens to the very summit, while others are 
bald, or onlv supjjert .n few stunted trees and shrubs. The Farmington Valley extends from New Haven N. through the 
the State between tliC Green Mountains and the Mount Tom rouge, and is from three to five miles wide. In the hilly 
parts of the State the soils are of moderate fertility, and are generally aclcnowledged to be better fitted for grazing than 
seed-farming. *• 

Few of the streams are of much use to navigation, except in their lower courses. The principal is the Connecticut, 
which coining from the N., and pursuing a pretty direct southward course to Middletown, then suddenly turns to the 
touth-eos(, and so flows on to the Sound. There is a bar ot its mouth, hut vessels drawing ten feet of water con go up to 
Middletown. and those drawing only eight feet to Hartford. 60 miles fi-om the Sound. The navigation of the upper course 
of this river has been improved by means of locks and canals, which secnre boat navigation to the mouth of Well's Eiver, 
in Vermont. The Eiver Tunxis, or Farmington, is the principal tributary of the Connecticut in this State ; it rises in the 
e::stem slope of the Green Mountains, in Massachusett.s, and runs to the S. as fiu* as Farmington, w'here it abruptly 
fhanges its direction to the N., until, breaking through the trap range, here colled the Talcott Mountiuns, it again flows 
srmtliwordly, ond joins the Connecticut opposite to East Windsor. The Ilousatonic rises in the western part of Massa- 
chusetts, and enters this State near the north-west corner, after which it runs in a southerly and south-easterly course to 
the Sound ; the first part of its course is broken by cataracts, and its entrance is barred against large vessels ; it has, how- 
ever, a sloop navigation for a distance of 12 miles. The Thames, formed by the junction of the Quinnebaug, the She- 
tneket, and the Tnntic at Nor\vich. empties itself into the Sound ot New London, ofler a navigable course of 14 miles. 
.Ml these Rlreoms and numerous smaller ones, ore applicable as motive power, and, besides turning almost all the ma- 

4hinery of the State, ore highly favorable to the fertility of the londs through which they pass. Scarcely is there a 
-ingle square mile in all the country but has one or more sparkling, -never-failing rills to refi-esh the soil and make it 
productive. 

The whole coast of the Stale lies upon Long Island Sound, which is .an extensive gulf or channel, being 140 miles in 
length and 2.5 miles wide in its broadest port It is somewhat norrow at its Atlantic or eastern entrance, but expands in 
the middle ; toward the west it gradually contracts, till it joins the harbor of New Tork by o narrow .-tnd crooked strait, 
colled the East Eiver. It admits of a free navigation throughout its whole extent for the largest shi|>s. but in the western 
stroit there was formerly a dangerous whirlpool, at a spot colled I tell Gate, where the current is contracted by the rocky shores, 
and at certain seasons of the tide the navigationwas most hazardous. The obstructions, however, were removed by submarine 

147 



CONNECTICUT. 



blastings in 1S52. The northern shore of the Sound is deeply penetriited by numercua bays and creeks, affording 
excellent harbors. The harbor of New London is the best in the State — it is gpacious, deep, and not liable to be frozen 
over in winter. New Ilavcn harbor has not 60 great a depth. Sloningloa harbor is well protected by a breakwater, and 
the harbor of Bridgeport has similar iuiproTcments. These harbors tbrm so many starting-poluU of travel or internal 
trade to the New England States and Canada. 

Connecticut produces many valuable minerals. Iron ore of excellent quality and in great abundance, ia found in 
various parts. The copper-mines of Bristol and Plymouth are regarded by many as the most profitable now worked in 
the United States, not excepting the mines of Lake Superior. The most distinguished scientific man of the State, Professor 
Silliman, has expressed the confident opinion that they extend from Bristol, in a southerly direction, toward Hampden, for 
a distance of more than 30 miles, and that, if thoroughly worked, would be sufficient to give profitable erapU>yment to 
80,UU0 miners. Ab-eady they furnish a large amount of ore. The Plymouth mines are equally rich. The vein here runs 
from east to west, with a vertical dip, cutting the geological formation of the mountain at right angles, and forming what 
is termed a rake vein. The working of this mine is only now being commenced, but there is every indication that the code 
contained in the vein will yield a copper ore of as good quality and in as large a quantity as the mine now wrought at 
Bristol has ever produced. Copper also occurs at Granby, where it is found at the junction of the green-stone and new 
red sand-stone formations. Fine marbles, of different characters, are abundant; and free-stone, extensive quarries 
of which exist in the mountain regions, furnishes an excellent building material; Zinc, cobalt, and manganese also 
occur, and plumbago and some other metals of minor importance have been discovered at various limea and places. The 
mineral waters of Stafford have long been celebrated for their medicinal properties. 

The soils of Connecticut are generally good, but in some parts better suited to grazing than corn-growing. The Valley 
of the Connecticut has a strong and feiiilc argillaceous loam, varying in different sections frt>m a bard, stiff clay, to a 
]i<'ht, sandy loam, according to the prevalence of argillaceous or silicious earth. In the eastern part of the State the 
prevailing soil is warm, strong, fertile, and excellent for grasses. The north-western part is in some places cold and 
sterile, but is generally a good grazing country. In the western part of the State are many fertile distriete. The climate 
and vegetation correspond nearly with those of Massachusetts, the climate differing only in being a little more temperate, 
and the season of growth in being earlier and somewhat more prolonged. The peach perfects its fruit in the southern 
portion of the State. 

The first census of Connecticut, on which any reliance can be placed, was that taken in 1750. and exhibits the then 
population at 180,011; in 1774,18 years afterward, it was 19T,S5li; and in ns'2 it was found to have increased to an 
aggregate of 209,150. Tlie first United Suites' census, taken in 1 790, gives the total at that date at 2yb,141, and from that 
period its decennial movements have been as exhibited in the following table : 



Date of AVliite ,— ' . TotU ^— ■■ — ■■ ^ 

Census. Persona. Free. Sluve. Po]i-4,;itton. Numerieal. Percent. 

1790 2S2.5S1 2,801 2,759 2SS,1U — 

IROO 244.721 r>,380 951 251,002 12,361 5.4 

ISIO 255,279 6,453 310 2C.2,042 11,040 4.4 

1S20 207,101 7,944 91 275,202 13,160 5.0 

1S30 289,608 8,047 25 297,075 22.473 8.1 

1S40 301.S57 S,104 17 809,973 lanoS 4.1 

1S50 863,305 7,4S6 370,791 G0,Si3 19.6 

Of the total population in 1S50. there were persons deaf and dumb, 3=^9 ; blind, 1^2 ; insane, 462 ; and idiotic, 300 ; but 
in this enumeration are included those domiciled in the State hospitals, natives or resideiits of other States, sent into 
Connecticut for special purpose. 

The State is divided into S counties and 14S townships, and contains 6 cities and 12 boroughs; the counties are Fair- 
field, Hartfield, Litchfield, Middlesex, New Haven, New London, Tolland, and "Windham; the cities are Bridgeport, 
Hartford, Middletown, Kew Haven, New London, and Norwidi ; and the boroughs are Danbury, Es>>x, Guilford, Litch- 
field, New Britain, Newtown, Norwalk, Southport, Stamford, Stonington, Waterburj-, and "Willimantic. 

More equally in Connecticut than in any other State of the American Union, are the several great branches of national 
industry distributed ; and perhaps here, more than elsewhere, have the people a more direct interest in th<? prosperity 
of each. There are few large farms or manufactures, and as few persons who have not some ownership in a farm or 
■workshop ; and throughout the State the inhabitants are farmers in one season and manufacturers in another, economizing 
the seasons, and pursuing avocations suitable to each as it occurs. The statistics of the weidth and industry of the State 
in 1S50, as exhibited in the census, etc., of that year, were as follows: 

Occupied Zands, fik".— Improved lands, 1,76S,17S acres, and unimproved lands, 015,701 acres, valued at $72,726,^2. 
Number of farms, 2'2,445. Value of farming implements and machinen", $1,802,541.. 

Zive Stocl-.—lloTSQs 26,879, asses and mules 49, milch cows S5,401, working oxen 46,9S5, other cattle 80,226, sheep 
174,181, and swine 76.472 — valued in the aggregate at $7,467,490. 

Grain Crops. — "Wheat, 41.762 bushels; rye, 600,893 bushels; Indian corn, 1,935,843 bushels; oats, 1,15S,7S3 bushels; 
barley, 19,099 bushels; and buckwheat, 229,297 bushels. 

Ot^i^r Crops. — Tobacco, 1,267,624 pounds; peas and beans, 19,090 bushels; Irish potatoes, 2,689.725 bushels; sweet 
potatoes, 60 bushels ; hay, 516,131 tons ; clover-seed, 13,841 bushels ; other grass-seed, 16,60S bushels ; hops. 554 pounds ; 
flax, 17,928 pounds: flax-seed, 703 bushels; maple sugar, 50,796 pounds; molasses, 665 gallons; wine, 4,269 gallons, etc. 
The value of orchard products was $175,118, and of market-garden products, $196,874. 

Products o/j47u"nm/.«.— "Wool. 497,454 pounds;, butter, 0,498.119 pounds; cheese, 5,868,277 pounds; and the value of^ 
animals slaughtered during the year had been $2,202,266. Silk cocoona were produced to the amount of 82S potmds, and 
beeswax and honey to that of 93,804 pounds, 
ITornf-made Mamr/actures for the year ending 30th -Tune, 1850, were valued at $192,252. 

il/(rH7//rtC*«/v5.— Aggregate capital invested, $00,000,0(i(i; value of raw material, fuel, etc.. consumed, $S),/)00.000 ; 

averag':' number of hjinds employed, 00,0"0 — males, 00,000, and females. OO.miO; average monthly eo3t of male labor, 

$000,^100, and of female labor, $00,000; annual value of products. $oo.noo,00n. The whole number of manufiieturing 

eatablishments producing to the value of $500 and upward in 1S50, was 3,913 ; and of tliese 12S were cotton factories, 

14S 



CONNECTICUT. 



1-19 woolen mills, and 91 iron houses, of whieli (10 manuriu-tured oaslings, 13 iiii; irnii. ami Is wrousht iron. In the 
i:otton manufacturos the capKal invested amounled l.j ,$4.-.'UMiJ0 ; the cotton corisinned in the year ending 80tli June 
was 89,483 bales, and the value of all raw material, fuel, etc., was .?'2,5U0,00-2; hands employed— 2.7ilS males, ami S,47S 
females; montldy cost of male labor, $S1,CT9, anti of female labor, ,«141,IIOO; produels for the year, 51,7.sO,7(lO yards' of 
Ehecling, t-tc, and 950,000 pounds of yarn— the aggregate value of produets, $«,257.5'>2. The capital invested in looolen 
manufaelures was $3,773,950; wool used, 9,414,1110 pounds; value of all r.aw malciial, fuel, etc., j;3,825,709; hands cm- 
ployed— males, 2,907 (cost per monlh, $70,141), and females. 2.5S1 (*33,21fi); yarils of eloth maimfactured in the year. 
9,408,777, valued at JC,4d5,21C ; and the follow ing table will exhibit the state of the iron manufacturing interest : 



Specillc.itinus. 

Capital invested dollars 

Iron ore used tuns 

Pig iron used ■' 

Blooms " 

Old metal " _ 

Mineral coal consumed " — 

CXike and charcoal consuiiu^d bushels 2,S70,iAi0 



12,'),(W0 5m1,S00 

35,400 — 



Value of all raw material, etc dollars.. 

Hands employed, males number. 

" feniales " 

Average wages per montli, males dollars. . . 

" *■ females '* ... 

Produels in the year ton.s 

Annual value of all produels dollars... 



BO.IiUO 

351,:i«9 

942 

7 

27.02 

— .s.llO 

1.542 11,210 . 

iVoMa 9.>1,400 . 



2S9.225 
14S 



20.S0 



^'rou-ll^ I to 
. 529,500 

7,0S1 
l,l>t4 

5.0i;2 

7s3.(lllO 

Sos,7.so 

S74 

81.59 

ti,025 
C07,5i;o 



The total capital invested in the iron mainifncture is thus, $1,835,900; the value of raw material, fuel, etc., $999,374: 
and the annual value of products, $2,004,500. The remaining employments of the aggregate number (3,913) are various, 
ami embrace all descriptions of hardware, cutlery, fire-arms, powder, paper, bools and shoes, and other manufactures. 
Couneetictit, indeed, manufactures every article known to commerce ami trade, from a needle or pin to the steam-engine 
and locomotive — together valued as before set down. The manufacturing industry of the State, however, is not all repre- 
sented in the census, only establishments producing to the value of $500 annually beiug those assessed ; but it is well 
known that Uktc are thousands of small shops throughout the cwmtry, which, though not noticed by the census, never- 
theless, in the aggregate, own a largo capital, and produce to a large animal aiiumnt — perhaps, indeed, these unnoticed 
establishments, if aggregated, would add one-third to the apparent extent of the manufacturing interest of the State. 

Foreign Commerce. — The direct foreign commerce of Connecticut, although the State enjoys raauy peculiar facilities 
for engaging in such, is comparatively of small C-vtenf. The exports in the year ending 30th June, 1850, were valued at 
$241,930, of which $068 was the v.alue of re-exports ; and the imports were valued at $372,390. This trade is chiefly with 
the British North American Provinces and the "West India Islands. The shipping employed in carrying the merchan- 
dise above represented, consisted of vessels entered 18S (34.1.52 tons), and vessels cleared 15G (27,817 tons). The amount 
of shipping owned in the State at the above named period was 113,0S5 totis, of which 42,511 tons was of the class 
registered, 6S,1S3 to&s enrolled and licensed, and the remainder vessels under 20 tons burden. Of the registered shipping, 
11,4S3 tons were employed in the whale fisheries, and 31,028 tons in foreign commerce; and of the enrolled and licensed 
shipping. 5.249 tons were employed iu the cod fisheries, and 571 tons in the mackerel fisheries; the remaining em-olled, 
etc., shipping being employed in the co.nating trade. The fisheries are carried on from the port^ of Nov/ London and 
fetonington. The steam marine of the .State, all of which is employed in coasting, auiounteil to s.4.')5 tons. The shipping 
built in the year was 3 ships, 7 brig,% 27 schooners. 9 sloops, and 1 steamer — in all, 4,819 tons. The following table wdl 
exhibit the movement of foreign commerce in the State from 1791 to 1850 ; 

Y'Mr.*. Ki:t>(irt1. Im| 

1791 JilCS-'iS $— 

179-' 879.7.i3 — 

1793 770.255 — 

1794 812.705 — 

1795 S19.4fi5 — 

1798 1,4.52,793 — 

1797 814..50S — 

1798 713.128 — 

1799 1,14;),81S — 

:S00 1.114,74:! — 

ISOl 1.446.216 — 

1802 1,606,809 — 

1603 1,284,571 — 

ISO-t 1»516,1I0 — 



1805... 
1806... 
1S07... 
1808... 
1809... 
ISIO... 



1,«:!.727 

1.715,828 

1,644,727 

413,091 

666,513 

765.643 



Vf;ir3. 


Exports. 


Imports. 


V<>;ir^. 


Frportfl. 


Iintrttt-s. 


1811... 


...$1,0.32,354 ... 


... $ 


1831.... 


.. $482.SSS ... 


$40.5.066 


1812... 


... 780,805 ... 




1S32.... 


.. 4.30.466 ... 


.... 4.37.716 


1813... 


... 974.303 ... 




ISB.... 


.. 427.603 ... 


... 8.52,014 


1814.... 


... 1,043,136 ... 




1834 ... 


.. 422.410 ... 


... 88.5,720 


1815.... 


... 3S3.1;?5 ... 




1835.... 


.. 512.970 ... 


... 4.39,.503 


1810... 


... 593.806 ... 




1830.... 


.. 438.199 ... 


... 408,163 


1817... 


... 604.139 ... 




1887.... 


.. 532..590 ... 


... 318,849 


1818.... 


... 577,5(U ... 




1S?S.... 


.. 613.610 ... 


... 84:!.3.31 


1819.... 


... 4.38,534 ... 




1839.... 


.. S83.226 ... 


... 440,191 


1S20 . . . . 


... 421.931 ... 




1840.... 


.. 618.210 ... 


... 277,072 


1821.... 


... 876,187 ... 


... 812.090 


1841 .... 


.. 609.84S ... 


... 295,989 


1822 


... 4S5.812 ... 


... .507.094 


1842.... 


.. 382,-392 ... 


... 335.707 


1823 


... 482,061 ... 


... 456,463 


18-13.... 


.. 807,223 ... 


... 2.30,841 


1824.... 


... .'>7.5,S52 ... 


... 581,510 


1.844.... 


.. 800,016 ... 


... 32.3.299 


1823.... 


... 689.270 .... 


... 707,478 


1845.... 


.. 969,055 ... 


... 372.07S 


1826.... 


... 708,893 ... 


... 730.194 


1846.... 


.. 77.5,912 ... 


... 413,478 


1827.... 


... .590,273 .... 


... 0.30,004 


1*^47.... 


.. 699,402 .... 


... 275.,823 


1828.... 


... 621,.'>4.5 .... 


... 485.174 


1848.... 


.. 601.004 .... 


... 229,310 


1^2^.... 


... 457.970 .... 


... 309,538 


14-9.... 


.. 204,000 ... 


... 2.34,74.3 


1880.... 


... 359,511 .... 


... 269,583 


1850 


.. 241,980 .... 


... 372,890 



Internal Commtniicctticyn.— The lines of travel nnd transpnrtatinn in Connecticut extend— oast and west directly 
through thelentrlh of the State, having tht-ir termini at New York and at Boston, and— north and soutli, stretcliing from 
Ihe ports on T-0112 Island Pound, aerofyi the country into Massachusetts', Maine, New Ilampf^Iiire, ami Vermont, and 
ulliDiately to the Western States, aud also into Canada. The oonneclions thus formed extend eeveral thousands of miles, 

149 



CONNECTICUT. 



and afford easy and expeditious routes of communication between the interior and sea-board. There are two Unea of 
railroad running in a direction east and west— the line composed of the New York and New Ilaven II. 11., and the New 
Haven and New London K. E., which, in connection with the Stonington E. E., and also with the Norwich and 
"Worcester E. E., forms the Southern route between the two commercial centres, Boston and New York ; and the Hartfonl, 
ProTidence, and Fisbkill E. 11., which will form a direct line through the middle section of the Slate, from Providence, 
E. I., to Fishkill on the Hudson Eirer, opposite the east terminus of the Erie E. E. The lines running north from the 
Sound ports are— the Norwich and Worcester E. E. ; the New London, "Willi man tic, and Palmer E. E. ; the New Ilaven, 
Hartford, and Springfield E. E. ; the New Ilaven and Northampton E. E. (on the old canal route) ; the Naugatuck E. E. ; 
the Uousatonic E. E., and the Danbury and Norwjdk E. E. There are also several additional railroads in progress or 
projected ; one of which, and the most important, is that designed to eflTect an air line route between New York and 
Boston. The common and turnpike roads of the State are proverbially good and well kept. The only canal of any 
length the State erer possessed, the Farmington Canal, has been filled in, and now forms the bed of the New Haven 
and Northampton E. E. 

JBmiA'Ji, ete.—ln April, 1S50, there were in the State 41 banks and 2 branch banks, the condition of which at that date 
was as follows: Liabilities— capiUi], ?9,907,503; circulation, $5.253,SS4: deposits, $2,357,939 ; due other banks. ?46S,76S; 
dividends unpaid, $37,372 ; eurplus fund, $753,054 ; earnings since dividend, $304,396, and other liabilities, $8S,9G1 ; and 
Asset^~\oa.ns and discounts, $15,007,315; real estate, $3S9.0S3 ; other investments, $396,035; due by other banks aud 
brokers, $1,637,411 ; notes of the banks, $245,349 ; specie funds, »$103.614 ; specie, $640,622. and expenses since dividend, 
$51,873. Total of balance sheet, $19,122,207. Connecticut had also 15 savings' banks, in which $4,746,093 was deposited 
by 32.966 individual depositors: the sums deposited in 1S49-50 amounted to $1,051,300. and the sums withdrawn to 
$719,898. The aggregate expense of managing these institutions was $10,^37 ; and the dividends made on sums deposited 
ranged from 5 to 7i per centum. The securities on which the credits are based are loans on real and peJsonal estate and 
stocks, and investments in bank stocks and bonds, etc. The Insurance Companies in the Slate comprised — 8 general 
stock companies, with an aggregate of capitals amounting to $1,400,000; 11 mutual general companies — capitals, 
$1,437,025 ; 6 life mutual companies — capitals, $1,400,000 ; 2 health companies — capitals, $203,175 ; and 1 life and health 
company — capital, $100,000. 

Goverjvrn-ent. — The charter granted in 1662, by Charles II., formed the basis of the government until 1S18, when the 
present constitution was formed. 

Every white male citizen of tlie United States, 21 years of age, who has gained a settlement in the State, has resided 
six months in his town, is possessed of a freehold of $7 a year in value, or has done milit;iry duty for one year, or has 
been excused therefrom, or has paid a Stale tax within tlie year, and who has a good moral character, may vote at all 
elections on taking the oath. Everj' voter is eligible to any office, unless it be expressly excepted. The general election 
is held on the first Monday of April annually. 

The legislature, styled the General Assembly, consists of a Senate and House of Eepresenta lives. The Senate is not 
to consist of less th.an IS nor more than 2S members — senators are chosen by districts of equal population, and by a 
plurality of votes, and in case any two candidates have an equal and highest vote, then the House of Eepresentatives 
shall elect one of them. Eepresentatives arc chosen by towns, and in the same manner as senators ; but in case of no 
candidate receiving a highest vote, the Senate chooses one as member from the two candidates having tlie highest. The 
legislature meets alternately at Hartford and New Haven, on the first Monday in May, yearly. 

The Governor exercises the chief executive power. He must be at least 30 years of age and have been elected by a 
majority of votes, and in case there be no choice by the people, one of the two candidates having the highest rote is 
chosen by the General Assembly on joint ballot. The Governor has power to grant reprieves, except in cases of 
impeachment, but not pardons; and ho may veto a bill, but a majority of both houses may pass it again, and it becomes 
law nevertheless. A Lieutenant-Governor {ex-officio President of Senate), Secretary of State, Treasurer, and Comptroller 
are chosen in the same manner as the Governor. All these officers are elected annually. 

Connecticut, under the law relative to tiie distribution of representives, has four members in Congress. 

The Judiciary of the State consists of a Supreme Court, a Superior Court, County Courts, etc. Tlie Supreme Court 
consists of a chief and four associate justices, and meets annually in each county. The Superior Court is held by one judge 
of the Superior Court semi-annually in each county. County Courts are held three times each year in the several counties 
by a judge elected annually by the legislature. Appeal lies from the County Courts to the Superior Court. Clerks of 
the County Courts are likewise clerks of the Superior Court and Supreme Court in their counties respectively. In all 
cases of libel, truth miiy be given in evidence. Sheriffs are chosen by the Assembly, and hold office for three years. 

Finances, rfc— During the year ending 1st April, lS5i\ the total receipts into the public treasury amounted to $122,347, 
and the expenditures to $llft.392. leaving a balance of $3,955. The chief sources of income were, from taxes, $73.5.")7; 
from dividends on bank stock, $37,053, etc. The principal expenses were, the expenses of legislation, $25,986; salaries, 
$14,150; contingent expenses of government. $15,399; judicial expenses, $49,002. etc. Connecticut has no absolute debt. 
The contingent debt amounted to $5S,212. The value of property belonging to the State otherwise than the School Fund, 
amounts to $406,000. % 

RdigiouH De7imni nations. — The statistics of the principal religious denominations, according to the returns made by 
each in 1850, were as follows: The Congregationalists had 267 churches, 206 ministers, and 35.158 communicants: the 
Baptists had 111 ehurclies, 89 ministers, and 16,230 communicants; the Protestant Episcopalians had a bishop, and 100 
ministers, and 9,360 communicants ; the Episcopal Methodists had 148 ministers, and the other Methodist churche.'j S 
ministers; the Presbyterians, 5 ministers; the Unitarians, 4 ministers; the Eoman Catholics, a bishop and 9 priests; the 
Universalists, 14 preachers; the Second Advent Clmrch, 8 ministers; tho Christians, par excdl^7ice, 5 ministers; the 
Free-Will Baptists. 1 minister: the Jews had 2 synagogues and 1 rabbi. 

E<hu'ati/>nnl SfnfixticA.—Tho number of common school societies in the Stflto on the 1st April, IS-SO, was 217; of 
school districts, 1,649. and of children between 4 and 16 years of age, 92.055. The value of the School Fund, 2d Sept., 
as appears ft-om the biennial exhibit, was $2,076,602 75; and the amount of dividend for 1S50 was $137,419 51. or $1 50 
for every enumerated child. The returns do not give the number of teachers, or their wages, or the lime during which 
schools are open, ut nly tho information above indicated. The Legislature, at tho session of 1849, appropriated 
$10.0110 for th sta lish'nent of a Sf^fe Xorwal Sc^iool, which is under the control of eight trustees, appointed by the 
General Assembly, one ft-om each county. The collegiate establishments of the State are: Yale College, Trinity College, 
tiiQ Wesleyan University, and the Theological Institute. Yale College is one of the oldest, most richly endowed, and 
150 



CON CON 

must extensively useful institutions of learQing iu llu; I'nitcd Statts. It was founded ia ITOI by the gentleman whose 
name it perpetuates. In 1S50 it had in the academieal department 4S2 students, of which 93 were of the seninr class, 
91 of (he junior class, 122 of the sophomore class, and 12G of the freshman class— total, 432 ; and the number of students 
in Oieology was 3S, in law 26, in medicine oS, and in philosophy and the arts 21 — total in professions and the arts, 123. 
Grand total, 555. From 1702 to 1S50, the number of ^jraiiuatcs had been 5,932, of which 3,962 were livina:; and of the 
total 1,562 had been ministers of the gospel, of whom 724 were living in 1S5'>. The library of Yale College contains 
49,000 volumes. Trinity College, an Episcopal institution, is located at Hartford. It was founded in 1S24, and in 1>50 
had 9 professors, 66 students, and a library of 9,0U0 volumes. Its alumni counted at the latter date 257, of which 117 had 
taketi holy orders. The "Wesleyan University, at Middlelown, was founded in 1S31, and in 1S50 had 8 professors, 125 
students, and a library of 11,123 volumes. Since its commencement it had graduated 327 students, and of these 126 had 
g' 'uc into the ministry. At Hartford is the Theological Institution of Connecticut, an establishment under the Congrega- 
tional churches, founded in 1S34. It liad, in 1850, 3 instructors. 17 students, and a library of 5,000 volumes. Its alumni 
counted 151. There are, besides the above, a large number of academies, and other descriptions of private schools, 
wliich, for eflicieney and cheapness, have few equals. There is also at Uartford the Connecticut Historical Society, which 
publishes its transactions at stated periods, 

Ciiaritable Institutions. — Connecticut, at an earlier period, and on a more extensive scale than any other of the 
States, commenced and completed institutions the object of which was the relief of those whom nature or accident had 
deprived of tJie use of senses or mental faculties. The principal of these institutions are the Eetreat for the Insane, and 
the American Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb, both at Hartford ; and to these may be added the State l^rison at 
TV'Gthersfiekl. conducted on paternal and correctional, rather than vindictive, principles. The Retreat for the Insane was 
opened in 1S24 ; on the 1st April, 1S49, it contained 133 patients, and in 1S49-50, 135 were admitted, making 268 in all ; and 
<li:ring the same year 125 were discharged, leaving in the retreat 143. Of the patients discharged 64 were recovered, 24 
improved, 7 not improved, and 30 died. The whole number of admissions, from the opening of the institution, had been 
2,M33. The terms of admission are -$39 a quarter for patients belonging to the State, and $45 50 for patients from other 
States. The American Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb was the first institution of tlie kind founded in the Unitt-d Slates, 
and has been well endowed by individual, State, and Federal bounties. The number of students for the year ending 1st 
May, 1S50, was 210, and of these 20 were supported by friends, 32 by the State of Maine, 23 by New Hampshire, 19 by 
Vermont, 75 by Massachusetts, 7 by Khode Island, 26 by Connecticut, and S by South Carolina. The annual cost is 
$1M0, but in sickness extra necessaries are charged for ; applicants ftjr admission must be between S and 25 years of .age, 
of good natural intellect, capable of forming and joining letters legibly and correctly, and of good moral character. During 
the year ending 31st March, ISSO, there were discharged from the Stale Prison 43 convicts, and received 61 ; and at that 
date there remained in conGnement 175, of which 163 were males and 12 females. The males are employed in making 
cabinet work, cutlery, and shoes; and the females in washing, cooking, making and mending clothing, and binding 
boots and shoes. The average number in confinement during the year was IGO- A small library baa been purchased for 
the use of the prisoners, and it is a duty of the chaplain to give educational as well as religious instruction to the inmates. 
The institution is self-supporting, and the receipts for the year past show a balance in favor of the prison. A Keforni 
School for Juvenile Offenders has also been lately established by the Legislature and individuals conjointly. 

Penodieal Press. — The whole number of periodicals and newspapers published in Connecticut, in 1S50, was 51, of which 
SO were political, and 21 literary, religious, scientific, etc. Of the political papers, 20 were Whig and 10 Democratic in 
their teachings. Of the total, S were daily papers, 4 tri-weckly, 33 weekly, and C at other periods. The cu*culation of the 
daily papers amounted at e.ich aggregate issue to 12,300 copies; of the tri-weeklies, to 1,600 copies; of the weeklies, to 
S4.S10 copies; and of all others, to 2,400 copies. The best known of the Connecticut periodicals, are — the "American 
Jcnimal of Science," the *'Ncw Englander'' (literary), the "Church Review" (religious), and the "Tale Literary Maga- 
zine" (literarj-) : .i 1 of which are published from the New Haven press. The " Journal of Science" is under the editorial 
supervision of the celebrated Dr. Silliman, and has long stood at the head of scientific periodicals in America. 

Connecticut consisted originally of two colonies : Hartford, settled by emigrants from Massachusetts in 1635, and New 
Haven, by emigrants from England in 1633. The two colonies were united under one government by a charter of Charlea 
II. in 1662. In 16S6 this charier was suspended by James XL, and Andros, who had been appointed Governor of New 
England, was sent to assume the government. Repairing to Hartford, with a body of troops, he demanded the charter; 
the instrument was accordingly brought into the hall in the evening, with the intention of its being surrendered, but the 
lights were suddenly extinguished, and the charter was carried otT and secreted by some of the colonists in the hollow 
of a tree, which is still in existence, and is to this day known as the Charter Oak. "When Andros was deposed in 
1689. the charter was resumed, and the government was atlministered under it until 1S18, when the present constitution 
was formed and went into effect. Its principal provisions arc referred to under another caption, 

Haetford and New Haten are alternate capitals of the State. 



CoN-NECTicuT rivcr : this r. lias its sources in -A'! ITatnp., 
and the mountainous tracts of Lower Cnnadji. Its general 
eourse is from N. to S., and it is navigable for vessels of 
considerable burden for a distance of 50 ra. ta Hartford, and 
to Middletown, about 30 m. from the sea, for vessels of 12 
feet draft. It is (he Qu<yncl'taeut of the Indians, said to 
signil^- "Long River." or, as it is rendered by others, the 
"River of Pines." Its western branch forms the boundary 
line between the United States and Canada; and the main 
river, dividing Vermont and New Hampshire, crosses the 
western part of Massachusetts, passes through the central 
part of Connecticut, and after a fall of about 1,600 feet in its 
whole length of 410 miles, enters Long Island Sound 



Brattlcboro', in Vermont; Greenfield, Hadley, Northamp- 
ton. an<l Springfield, in Massachusetts; and llartftird. Mi<l- 
dletown, and Iladdam, etc., in Connecticut. Its brea<Uh,at 
the entrance into Vermont, is about 150 feet, but in ita 
course of 60 miles it increases to a breadth of about 400 
feet. In Connecticut and Massachusetts, its breadth varies 
from 500 to 1,11)0 feet. The canals and other improvements 
recently made to overcome the rapids and falls, have ren- 
dered it navigable for small boats which trade as far as 
Well's r., at a disUince of 250 m. above Hartford. The falls 
of moat celebrity are Bellow's Falls, Queechy Falls. "While 
River Fails, etc., in New Hampshire and Vermont ; Mon- 
tague and South Hadley Falls, in Massachusetts ; and 



41"^ If/ \. lat. In its course it passes through a beautiful ' Enfield Falls, in Connecticut, at the last of which it 
countrj-,and by many very flourishing towns, among which j meets tide water. The descent of the river, between Han- 
may be mentioned' Hanover. Haverhill, "Wnlpole. and i over. New Hampshire, and Enfield, Connecticut, is about 
ChDrle3to^^■n, in New Hampshire ; Windsor. Newbury, and ; 370 feet, of which 225 feet have been overcome by locks. 



CON 



COO 



The principal tributaries of this river are, in New Hamp- 
shire, the Upper and Lower Ammonoosuc, Sugar, and 
Ashue'ot rivers ; in Vermont, Pasunisic, "Wells, White, 
Queechy, Black, "Williams, and West rivers; in Massachu- 
setts, Miller's, Deerfleld, Chicopee, and Westfield rivers ; and 
in Connecticut, Farmington r. The banks of the Connecti- 
cut are in many places rough and precipitous, but there are 
other portions on both sides, extending from half a mile to 
6 miles wide, and but slightly raised above the surface of the 
stream, which ai-e annuaUy overflowed, and eonsequently 
enriched, the soil of which is very fertile, and forms a large 
tract of meadow-land. From the beauty, utility, and length 
of this river, and also from its connection with the different 
towns and villages which lie on its banks, it forms one of 
the most distinguished features of Kew England. Large 
quantities of shad, of a superior quality, are taken annually, 
also some other flsh ; but the salmon, which formerly fre- 
quented it, have now disappeared. 

CoNNELL'a Cross Roads, p. o., Bossier par., La. : 220 m. 
N. W. Baton Eouge. 

CoNNELLSviLLE, p. V., Fayctte CO., PemJ. : on the E. bank 
of Youghiogeny r., 16S m.W. by S. Harrishurg. Pop. GOf>. 

Conner's Mills, p. o., Cooper co., Mo. : 42 m. N. W. 
Jefferson City. 

CoNNERsviLLE, p. V., Harrison Co., Ky. : 42 m. E. N. E. 
Frankfort. 

CoNNEBsviLLE, p. V., aud cap. Fayetle co., Tnd. : on the 
W. side of the W. branch of White Water r., 54 m. E. by S. 
Indianapolis. It is an important place, being on the lino 
of the White Water Canal, and of the Junction R. E., the 
first connecting it with the places N. and S., and the latter 
with those E. and W. of it. Two newspapers, the " "White 
Water Valley" (whig), and the " Fayette and Union Chron- 
icle" (dem.), are issued weekly. The v. contains several 
large and substantial stores and warehouses, and is fully 
provided with churches and schools. The C. H. is one 
of the handsomest public buildings in the State. Pop. 1 ,396. 

Conn's Creek, p. o., Shelby co., I7id. : on the er. so called, 
33 m. S. E. Indianapolis. Conn's cr. is a good mill-stream, 
and a tributary of Flat Rock river. 

CoNOCOOHEAOtTE, p. 0., Washington co., Md. : on a cr. 
of Potomac r. so called, 9 m, W. Hagerstown, aud 79 m. 
N. W. by W. Annapolis. 

CoKois, t. and p. o., Calhoun co., Mich. : 83 m. S. W. 
Lansing. The t. contains numerous ponds, and is drained 
chiefly by tributaries of Battle or., which passes through its 
N. W. corner. Pop. 621. 

CoNOTEN, p. v., Harrison co., Ohio: on Conoten ct. of 
Tuscarawas r., 98 m. E. N. E. Columbus. 

Conquest, t. and p. v., Cayuga co., N. K ; on the N. side 
of Seneca r., which in the S. W. comer of the t. divides and 
forms Rowland's Island. The surfaco is rolling. The v., 
142 m. W. by N. Albany, contains about 80 dwellings and 
200 inhabitants.. Pop. of tl,S63. 

CoNRAit's Store, p. o., Rockingham co., Tirg. : 97 m. 
N. W. Richmond. 

CoNsnoOToN, p. v., Montgomery co., Penn. 

Consolation, p. v., Shelby co., Ky. : 26 ra. W. Frankfort. 

CONSTABLEVILLE, p. V., LcWlS CO., N. I^ .* OU a CF. Of 

Black r., 98 m. N. W. Albany. 

CoNBTANTiA, t and p. v., Oswego co., K. T.: on the N. 
side of Oneida Lake, 112 m. W. N. W. Albany. It is drain- 
ed by Scriba and other creeks flowing into the lake. The 
V. contains about 400 inhabitants. Pop. 2,495, 

CoNSTAN'HA Centee, p. o., Oswcgo CO., N. Y. : 110 m. 
W. N. W. Albany. 

Constantine. t and p. v., St Joseph co., Mich. : on both 
sides of St. Joseph's r., 83 m. S. W. Lansing. The v. is lo- 
cated on Fall er., and is in a very flourishing condition, with 
considerable commerce and inland trade. Pop. of U 1,494. 

Constitution, p. v., Washington co,, Ohio. 

Content, p. o., Bulwer co., MUs. : 123 m. N. N. W. 
Jackson. 

162 



Contentnia, p. o., Pitt CO., N. Car.: on Contentnia cr^ 
a tributary of Neuse r., 74 m. E. S. E. Raleigh. 

CoNToocooK Village, p. v., Merrinuic co., K, Uamp. : 
on Contoocook r., and on the line of the Concord and Clare- 
mont R. K., at the point of divergence of the Contoocook 
Valley R. R., 10 ra. from Concord. The water-power is 
here extensive, and a largo manufacturing v. has sprung up 
within a few years un<lcr the favoring influence of dirt^ct 
railroad connection with Boston and other parts of*Ni-\v 
England, etc. The Contoocook r. is a tributary of the M*-r- 
rimac r., which it joins on the N. line of Ciincord. 

Contea Costa county, Calif. Situate W., and contains 
1,600 sq. m. On the W. and N., San Francisco Bay and its 
tributary rivers demark its bounds and receive its drainage. 
Surface mountainous, with extensive valleys, the enast 
range passing through it. Farms — ; manuf. — ; dwell. — , 
and pop.— wh. 2,487 fr. col. 299— total 2,7S6. Capital : Mar- 
tinez. 

CoNTEEnAS, p. v., Bfttler co., Ohio: 94 m.W. S. W. 
Columbus. 

CoNTENiENCE, p. V., Fayctte co., Ohio : on the S. W. side 
of the N. Branch of Paint cr., 37 m. S. by W. Columbus. 

CoN-vESiENT, p. v.. Smith co., 7'enn. : 49 m. E. by N, 
Nashville. 

Convent, p. o., St. James par.. La.: 37 m. S. S. E. 
Baton Eouge. 

Conway county, Ark. Situate centrally, and contains 
1,S60 sq. m. Drained by Cadron, Point Remove, and other 
creeks of Arkansas r., which washes its 3. W. border. The 
surface is somewhat hilly and broken, but the soils have 
an averago productiveness, and yield good crops, Indian 
com, etc. Farms 8S7; manuf. 3; dwell. 595, and pop. — 
wh. 3,339, fr. col. 4, si. 240— total 3,5S3. Caj>ital; Lewis- 
burg. 

CoNWAT, t. and p. v., Franklin co., Mam. : on. the S. W. 
side of Deerfleld r., 92 m. W. by N. Boston. The p. o. lies 
nuar the centre of the t. The manufactures of Conwar 
consist of cotton and woolen goods, leather, cabinet ware, 
etc. It has fine farming lands. Pop. 1,831. 

Conway, t. and p. o., Aroostook co., Me. : in the S. W. 
part of the co., 110 m. N. N. E. Augusta. The t. is drained 
by Molencas cr., a tributary of Matawamkeag r., and by 
several streams tributaries of the Penobscot, 

Conway, L and p. o., Livingston co., MicJi.: m tlic 
N. W. corner of the co., 24 m. E. Lansing. 

Conway, t. and p. v., Carroll co., K. Ilamp. : on Saco r., 
56 m. N. N. W. Concord. Swift and Pequawkett rivers 
fall into the Saco within this t., and afford extensive mill- 
power. The ordinary dei)th of the Saco is here about 2 
fi-et, with a rapid current, broken by falls, but in season 
of flood it has lieen known to rise 27 and even 30 feet in 24 
hours. Magnesia and fuller's earth are abundant, and near 
the centre of the t. is a sulphur spring. The soils are very 
fertile. Conway village is a pleasant resort for travelers to 
the White Jlountains, and will, before long, be connected 
with the railroads to Boston by the Groat Falls and Con- 
way R. R. Pop. 1,T69. 

CoNWAYBOBOUGU, p. V., and cap. Horry dist., S. Car. : 108 
m. E. by S. Columbia, on the W. side of Waccamaw r., 
which thus far is navigable for steamboats. The v. eon- 
tains the county buildings and about 200 inhabitants, and 
has some trade with the neighboring settlements. 

Conyeb's, p. o., Newton co., Oa. : on the line of the 
Georgia R. R., 141 m. from Augusta and 80 from Atlanta, 
and 62 m. N. W. Milledgeville. 

CoNYERsviLLE, p. T., Henry co., Term.: 89 m. W. 
Nashville. 

CoNYNCTnAM, p. v., Luzerne co., Penn.: 69 m. N, N. E. 
Harrishurg. 
Coocn'9 BitrDQE, p. o., New Castle co., Del. 
Cook county, III. Situate in the N. E., on Lake Mich- 
igan, and contains SS6 sq. m. Drained by Calumic, Chicago, 
aud Dcsplaines rivers. Surfaco low, lerel prairie, with 



coo 



coo 



timber groves and some swamps ; rises from the lake sh<:re. 
Sni]3 fertile. Farms l.Sbl ; manuf. 227 ; dwell. 7,674, and 
pop.— wh. 42,999, fr. col. 3Si3— total 43,3>^5. Capital: Chi- 
cago. Public Works: Galena and Chicago Union R. R. ; 
Cbieago and Rock Island R. R. ; Aurora Extension R. R. ; 
Chicago and Mississippi R. R. ; Norlhem Indiana R. R. ; 
Lake Shore R. R. ; Chicago Branch of Central R. R., 
etc. ; Illinois and Michigan Canal ; and numerous plank 
roads. 
Cook, p. v., Erie co., Penn. : 205 m. N. W. Ilarrisburg. 

Cooke county, Ttxp. Situate N., and contains about 4,600 
sq. m. Drained by the head streams of the Trinitj' and 
Erazos rivers, and by creeks falling into Rod r., which 
bounds it on its N. side. Surface elevated and diversified, 
chiefly prairie. Soils fertile. Farms 25; manuf. 0; dwell. 
SS, and pop.— wh. 219, fr. cul. 0, sL 1— total 220. Capi- 
tal: 

CooKESviLLE, p. V., Caddo, par., La. : 226 m. N. "W. 
Baton Rouge. 

CooKUAM, p. v., Fairfield dist., S. Car. : on the line of 
Charlotte and South Carolina R. R., 17 m. N. Columbia. 

CooKSBUEGH, p. V., Albany co., J^. Y. : 2G m. S. W. 
Albany. 

Cook's Corners, p. o.,Erie co., Ohio: 99 m. N. Cohmibus. 

CooESETVXLLE, p. T., Crittenden co., iTi/. : 20S m. W. by S. 
Frankfort. 

Cook's Law Office, p. c, Elbert co., Ga. : 82 m. N. N. E. 
Milledgeville. 

Cook's Run, p. o., Clinton co., Penn. : S3 m. N. N. VT. 
Harrisburg. 

CooKSTowN, p. v., Fayette co., Penn. : 162 m. "W". by S. 
Ilarri.sburg. Pop. 972. 

CooKSTowN, p. v., Burlington co., N. Jer. 

CooKsvTLLE, p. T., Aune Arundel co., Md. : at the 
head of Catrtail branch of Big Patu.\ent r., 42 m. N. W. 
Annapolis. 

CooKsviiLE, p. v.. Rock CO., Wise, : on a branch of Cat- 
fish r., 21 m. S. S. E. Madison. 

CooKSViLLE, p. v., Noxubee co., Mias.: 112 m. E. N. E. 
Jackson. 

CooLBAccn's, p. 0., Monroe co., Penn.: 123 m. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Cool Spbixg, p. o., "Wilkinson co., Ga. : in the S. comer 
of the CO., 82 m. S. Milledgeville. 

Cool Spring, p. o., Jefferson co., Penn. : 132 m. "W. by N. 
Uarrisburg. 

CooLTiLLF^ p. v., Athens co., Ohio: on the W. side of 
Hocking r., near 4 rn. from its confluence with the Ohio r., 
S2 m. S. E. Columi)U9. 

Cool Well, p. o., Amherst co., Ytrg. : 100 m. W. 
Rioliiuond. 

CooN Crekk, p. o., Jasper co., Mo. : on the S. side of 
Coon cr., a branch of Muddy cr. of Neosho r., 136 m. S. "W. 
Jefferson City. 

CooNEWAN, p. v., Pontotoc CO., Zlisfi. : 157 m. N. N. E. 
Jackson. 

Coo>- Hill, p. o., Santa Rosa co., Floi: : 165 m. W. 
Tollahasiiee. 

Coox Prairie, p. o., Crawford co., Tl7*c. ; 76 m. "W. by N. 
Madison. 

Coon^'ille, p. T., Pottowattomee co., la. : 212 m. "W. 
Iowa City. 

Cooper county, 3/o. Situate centrally, and contains 576 
sq. m. Drained by Black r., Rio a la Mine, and Saline and 
Moniteau creeks, tributaries of Missouri r.. which makes its 
N. boundarj'. Surface undulating, and soils, very produc- 
tive. Indian corn and tobacco are the principal agricultural 
staples, and live-stock is raised in large numbers. Farms 
1,064; manuf. 79; dwell. 1,717, and pop.— wh. 9,8-37, fr. col. 
22,ftl. 3,091- total 12,950. CapiUil: Booneville. Puhlic 
Work«: Pacific R. R. ' 

Cooper, I. and p. v.. Washington co.. Me. : 127 m. E. N. E. 
Augusta. It ill drained by two small lakes and several j 

U 



] streams emptying into Cobscook Bay. The surface is even 
ami the soils productive. Pop. 562, 
Cooper, p. v., Wayne co., Ohio : 73 m. N. E. Columbus. 

Cooper, t, and p. o., Kalamazoo co., Mich. : on both sides 
of Kalamazoo r., 56 m. W. S. W. Lansing. Pop. 733- 

Cooper river, S. Car.: unites with Ashley r. to form 
Charleston Harbor, entering it on the E. side of the eily. .V 
canal, 21 m. long, unites Cooper with the Santee, and thus 
opens an extensive interior to Charleston. 

Cooper's, p. o., Franklin co., Virg.: 13S m. W. S. W. 
Richmond. 

CooPEnsRURG, p. v., Lehigh co., Penn.: 87 m. E. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Cooper's Gap, p. o., Rutherford co., N. Car. : 300 m. 
W. by S. Raleigh. 

Cooper's Mills, p. o., Lincoln co.. Me. : on the Kennebec 
r., 13 m. S. Augu.sta. 

Cooper's Plains, p. v., Steuben co.. K. Y. : on the Buf- 
falo, Corning, anrl New York R. R., 3 m. from Painted 
Post and 16S m. W. by S. Albany. 

Cooperstown. p. v., au'i cap. Otsego co., A'. 5' ; at the 
outlet of Otsego Lake. 5S m. W. Albany. It is a neat ami 
tastefully built village, and is surrouudetl by scenery not 
excelled l)y any in central New York for beauty. Three 
newspapers, the " Freeman's Journal" (dem.), the *' Otsego 
Republican'' (whig), and the "Otsego DemrK-rat" (deni.), 
are published weekly. The manufacturing interest is oon- 
si<lerablc, cotton goods and paper being its staples. Pop, 
1,400. 

Coop-erstown, p. T., Brown co., Wise. : on Bc-nton cr. of 
West Twin r., 112 m. N. E. Madison, and equidistant be- 
tween Manitouwoc and Green Bay. 

CoopERSTowN, p. v., Vcnaugo co., Penn. : 103 m. N, W. 
Harrisburg. 

Coopeiisvixle, p. v., Dearborn co., Infh : 79 ni. S. E. 
Indianajiolis. 

CooPERSViLLE, p. v., Fentrcss co., Tenn. : 113 m. E. by N 
Nashville. 

CooPEESviLLE, p. T., Clluton CO., IT. Y.: 136 m. N. 
Albany. 

Ci.'OPEiisTiLLK, p. v., Lancaster co., Pmn.: 43 m. S. E. 
Harris! 'urg. 

Cooi'ERSViLLE, p. v., Union dist., S. Car. : 77 m. N. W. 
Columbia. 

Coop's Ceeek, p. o., Marion co., Tenn.: 100 m. S. E. 
Nashville. 

Coos county. A". TTayvp. Situate N., and contains l.fioo 
sq. ra. Drained by tributaries of Connecticut r., and by the 
Androscoggin and Saco rivers, which flow into Maine. 
Much of tlie land is rough and broken, nnfit fur cultivation, 
Imt on the Connecticut, and other streams, the soil is fertile 
and productive. The White Mountains occupy the S. E. 
part of the oo. The climate is too severe for Indian corn, 
but all other grains and roots grow well. Farms 1.4;;9; 
m.anuf. 69; dwell. 2.114, and pop.— wh. 11,S49, fr. col. 4— 
total 11,S.''3. Capital : Lancaster. Public Works : Atlantic 
an«l St. Lawrence R. R. 

CoosA county, ,4 /(/, Situate centrally, and contains 864 
sq. m. Drained by Paint. Weoqualka, Hatchet, and Wo- 
woka creeks of Coosa r., and by several creeks of Tallapoo- 
sa r. Surface hilly and broken. Soils fertile, with abund- 
ance of timber, cotton, Indian corn, wheat, with tob;iec<»and 
rice, are the products. Farms 1.13"; manuf, 13; dwell. 
1.725, and pop.— wh. 10,414, fr. col. 9, si. 4,120— toUiI 14,.>13. 
Capitcil: Eockford. 

Coosa, p. v., Floyd co., Ga. : on the Coosa r., 146 m. 
N. W. Milledgeville. 

Coosa t'ixgt, Ahr. and Ga.: rises in Georgia and nms 
through the N. W. part of that State into Alabama, and S 
m. below Wetumpka unites with the Tallnpmtsa r. to form 
the Alabama. The Coosa is imvigaMe for steamboats to 
Wetumpka, and its whole course is about 240 mites. 

Coosawatcuif., p. v., and cap. Beaufort dist., S. Car. : on 

158 



coo 



COR 



tliL- W. bank of Coosawatcliio r., near its confluence with 
Broad r., !»' m. S. Columbia. It is a small v., being im- 
porlaut solely as tlio county scat of justice. 

CooSAWATTEE, p. v., Murray co., Oa.; on the N. side of 
Coosawattoc r., a constituent of the Coosa r., 142 m. N. W. 
Milledgeville. 

CopAKE, L and p. v., Columbia co., K T. : on the Mas- 
sachusetts State line, 47 m. S. b/E. Albany. The E. part 
of the t. is hilly— in the V. are several small lakes and An- 
cram r. The v. lies near the Harlem E. K. Pop. 1,652. 

CorAiiE lake, Columbia CO., iV. I^; a beautiful sheet of 
water, about 600 acres in extent. Its shores have a [;entlc 
declivity and aro highly cultivated. The waters are re- 
markably clear, and the bottom of the lake is composed of 
white s.'ind and gravel. 

CoPAx, p. v., Haywood co., Tain. : 146 m. W. by S. 
Nashville. 

CoPANO, p. 0., Eefugio co., Tex, : on Aransas Bay, op- 
posite to Aransas City Point, 162 m. S. by E. Austin City. 
It has a good harbor for small coasters and steamboaLs. 

CoPELAXD, p. o., Telfair co., Ga. ; on the N. E. side of 
Okmulgee r., 78 m. S. Milledgeville. 

CoPESHAGEN, p. V., Caldwell par.. La. : on the W. side 

of and 2 m. from Wachita r., 110 m. N. N. W. Baton Eouge. 

Copenhagen, p. v., Caldwell co., A' Ctir. : a few miles 

K. E, of the confluence of Lower cr. with the Catawba r., 

1C2 m. VI. Ealeigh. 

CopENiiAGES, p. v., Lewis CO., y. T. : on both sidea of 
Deer cr., 120 m. N. W. Albany. It is a flourishing v., and 
engaged in manufactures. About half a mile below the v., 
on Deer cr., is a fall of 270 feet, nearly perpendicular. 

Cope's Mills, p. o., Jefferson CO., Ohio ; 123 m. E. by N. 
Columbus. 

Copi, p. o., Johneon co., la. : on the N. side of Clear cr, 
of Iowa r., 10 m. W. N. "W. Iowa City. 

Copiah county, J/m«. Situate S. W. centrally, and con- 
tains 936 sq. m. Drained by Bayou Pierre, the he.ad streams 
of HomoShilto r., and tributaries of Pearl r., which runs 
along its N. E. border. Surface flat and low. Soils various, 
chiefly sandy loam, producing cotton and com. Farms 
9."1 ; manuf. 21 ; dwell. 11,43, and pop.— wh. 6,303, fr. col. 
n, si. 5,4Sii— total 11,794. Capital: GaUatin. PiMic 
}i'i>/'k^ : New Orleans and Jackson K. E. 
Copiah Creek, p. o., Copiah co., 3fl^x. : 29 m. S. Jackson. 
Copley, t and p. v.. Summit co., Ohio : on the N. side 
of Wolf cr. of Tuscarawas r., 102 m. N. E. Columbus. It 
has good water-power and numerous mills. Pop. 1,541. 

CopopA, p. v., Lorain CO., Ohio : on the E. side of Eocky 
r., lOS m. N. X. E. Columbus. 

Copperas Cp.eek, p. v., Fulton co.. III.: on a cr. of the 
Illinois r. so called, 49 m. N. N. "W. Springfleld. 

Copper Ckekk, p. o., Mercer co.. III. : on Copper cr. of 
Illinois r., 122 m. N. W. Sjjringfield. 

Copper Creek, p. o., Jackson co., la. : on a cr. of Ma- 
koqueta r. so called, 64 m. N. E. Iowa City. 

Copper IIabbor, p. v., Houghton co., Mich. : at the N. E. 
extremity of Keweenaw Point, a peninsula projecting into 
Lake Superior, in about ] 1° W. of Washington, and to 47° 30' 
N. lat The settlement has been formed as a dep6t for the 
mineral region in the neighborhood, and has already risen 
to importance. It has a good harbor and other advantages 
as a commercial settlemenL A railroad from Chicago is 
projected northward to the harbor, a direct distance of be- 
tween 400 and 500 miles. 

Copper Eldge, p. o., Hancock co., Term. : 208 m. E. byN. 
Nashville. 

Coral, p. o., M'llcnry co.. III. : about 4 m. S. E. of Mar- 
engo, on the Galena and Chicago Union E. E., and 173 m. 
N. N. E. Springfleld. 

Coram, p. v., Suflblk co., A''. T. : 122 m. S. E. Albany. It 
lies on the post road, between Smithtown and Eiverhearl. 

CoRiiETsvjLLE, p. v., Bfoomc CO., K y. : 103 m, S. W. 
Albany. 

154 



CoBDAViLLE, p. v., Worccster co., Mass. 
Cordova, p. v., Eock Island co.. III. : in the N. part of 
the CO. and on the Mississippi r., 132 m. N. by W. Springfleld. 
CoRnovA, p. v.. Grant co., Ki/. : 38 m. N. N. E, Frankfort 
CoREtr, p, V,, Genessee co,, JV, T. : 223 m. W. Albany. 
CoRixsA, t. and p. o., Penobscot co., 3Ie. : 46 m. N. N. E, 
Augusta, The t is watered by head branch of Sebasticook 
river. Pop. 1,560. 

CoEiNNA Ce-tthe, p. 0., Pcnobscot CO., Me. .• 4S m. N. N. E. 
Augusta. 

Coeisth, p. v., Heard CO., ffa. : on New r., a cr. of Chat- 
tahoochee r., 103 m. W. by N. Milledgeville. 

CoEiNTu, t. and p. o., Penobscot co.. Me. : on both sides 
of Kenduskeag stream, 55 m. N. E. Augusta. Pop. l.GOO. 
Corinth, t. and p. o., Saratoga CO., H. Y. : on the S. W. 
side of Hudson r., 86 m. N. Albany. The p. o. is situate at 
Jessup's L.anding. Pop. of t. 1,.'J01. 
CoRi.vTB, p. v., Belmont co., Olilo : 110 m. E. Columbus. 
Corinth, t. and p. o,. Orange co,. Term. : 2S m. S. E. 
Montpelier. The t. is drained by branches of Wait's r.,* 
which furnishes water-power, which is used for milling 
purposes. Pop. 1,900. 

CoRSisn. t and p. o., Sullivan co,, 2^. Uamp. : on the E, 
side of Connecticut r,, 47 m, N, W. by W, Concord, Tlie 
t. is connected with Windsor, Verm., by a bridge over the 
F. The surl^ice is nneven, except on the r., but the soils are 
fertile. Along the streams flowing to the Connecticut there 
are numoroua mills, etc. Pop. 1 606. 
Cork, p. v., Ashtabula CO., Ohio .■ t56 m. N. E. Columbus, 
Cork, p. v,. Butts co,, Ga. : 47 m, W, by N, Milledgeville, 
Corner Gu.m, p, v,, Currituck co,, M. Car.: 102 m, 
E. by N. Ealeigh, 
Corners, p, o,, Windsor co,. Verm. : 67 m, S. Montpelier. 
CoRNEP,SDURG, p. v,. Mahoinng co., Ohio : 132 m. N, E. 
Columbus. It is a flourisliing v., and has about 800 in- 
habitants. 

CoRNERSvuxE, p. V., Marshall co., Miss. : 1S7 m, N, by E, 
Jackson, 

CoRNERSTiLLE, p. V,, Gilcs CO., Teiin. : in the N. E. comer 
of the CO., 51 m. 3. Njishville. 

Corn Grove, p. o., Benton co., Ala. : 97 m, N. X, E, 
Montgomery. 
Cornie, p. v.. Union co., ArJc. : 109 m. S. Little Eoek. 
Corning, p. v., Steuben co., K. T. : on the S. side of 
Chemung r., 166 m. W. S. W, Albany, It has a large num- 
ber of manufacturing establishments, and a newspaper, the 
" C, Journal" (whig), is issued webkly. The New York and 
Erie E, K,, which passes through the v,, is here intersected 
by the Corning and Blossburg E, E,, which extends S, to 
the bituminous coal region of Pennsylvania, and by the 
Buffalo, Coming, and New York E, E, Here, also, com- 
mences the navigable feeder of the Chemung Can.il, which 
unites with the Erie Canal by means of Cayuga Lake and 
the Cayuga and Seneca Canal, Its coal trade is verv ex 
tensive. Pop, 3,000. 

Cornish, p, v,, York co,. Me. : on the S, of Saco r, and 
its tributary, the Great Osaippee r,, 66 m, S, W. Augusta. 
Its soils are fertile and produce good wheat crops. Crock- 
ery and some other manufactures are engaged in, 

Cornish Flat, p. o,. Sullivan eo„ N. Hump.: near the 
centre of the t., 43 m. N. W. by W. Concord. 
CoRNnsnviLLE, p. v., Mercer co., Kij. : 29 m. S. Frankfort. 
Cornplanter, t. and p. o., Venango Co., Penn. : 1S9 m. 
N. W, Ilarrisburg, 

CoRNTiLLE, t, and p. 0., Somerset co,, J/a ,• on the Wcs- 
saransett r,, a stream of the Kennebec r,, 88 m, N, by E. 
Augusta. 

Cornwall, t, and p, r,, Litchfield co,. Conn. ; a hilly 
tract on the E. side of Connecticut r., 37 m. W. by N. Hart- 
ford. The V. lies about 2 m. from the r., and contains about 
200 inhabitants. The Hnusalonic E, E. follows the valley 
of the r, through the t,, passing through the village of 
Coriiwall Bridge, etc. Pop, 2,041. 



II 



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COT 



Cornwall, t. aud p. v., Orange co., X. Y.: on tlie W. 
side of Hudson r., S7 m. 8. Albany. The surface of the t. 
is hilly, and in part mountain, having on the N. Butter Hil! 
ond Crow's Kest, two noted peaks of the Uighlands. This 
is a romantic region, and contains the site of many historic 
scenes. "West Point is also in this town. The v. is situate 
at Ihe N. termination of the Uighlands, and contains about 
2(0 inhabitants. Pop. 4,4T1. 

Cornwall, p. v., Lebanon co., Peym, : 37 m. E. by N. 
Ilarrisburg. 

CuB^"WALL, t. and p. t., Addison co., VerTU. : on the "W. 
side of Otter cr., 34 m. S. ^\. Montpelier. In the S. part of 
Uic t, there are swanipB covering a large surface. The 
liulland and Burlington R. K. traverses N. E. along the 
valley of Otter creek. Pop. 1.155. 

Corn-wall Bridge, p. o., Litchfield co., Conn.: 41 m. 
"\V. Hartford, on the W. side of the Uousatonic r., and on 
the line of Housatonic li. li. 

Cornwall Hollow, p. o., Litchfield co., Omn. : 3S ra. 
■\V. by N. Hartford. 

Coen'walltille, p. v., Greene co., K. Y. : 29 m. S. W. 
Albany. 

Corpus CnniSTi, p. v., and cap. Nueces co., Te3\: on the 
neck of the peninsula between Corpus Christi Bay and 
jNueces Bay, 19S m. S. by E. Austin City. It is a place of 
considerable trade, and a regular line of steamships plies 
between it and New Orleans. Pop. 200. 

Corsica, p. v., Monroe co., Ohio : 42 m. N. by E. 
Columbus. 

Corsica, p. v., Jefferson co., Penn. : 132 m. W. N. "W. 
Harrisbury. 

CoRSicANA, p. v., and cap. Xavarro co., Tc-^r. : on the high 
jirairie, between Pecan and Ptichland creeks of Trinity 
r.. 122 m. N. N. E. Austin City. It has about 120 inhabit- 
ants, and the surrounding country is thickly settled by cot- 
ton planters. 

Cortland county, 271 Y. Situate centrally, and contains 
500 sq. m. Drained by Tiougbnioga and Otzelic rivers, 
wliich afford extensive mill-power,'and in flood are naviga- 
Iil'.' for boats. Surface elevated, its N. boundary forming 
tlie watershed between Lake Ontario and the Susquehanna 
r. Soils a gravelly loam, intermingled with disintegrated 
lime and slate, and very fertile, yielding good crops of grain 
and grass. Timber is abundant. The manufactures are 
chiefly those of flour, lumber, cotton and woolen goods, 
leather, and potash. Farms 2,465 ; manuC 202 ; dwell. 4,5S0, 
and pop.— wh. 25,104, fr. col. 3G— total 25,U0. Capital: 
Cortland Village. 

Cortland, p. v., Eent co., Mic7t. : 54 m. W. by N. 
Lansing. 

CoKTLANT), p. v., Jackson CO., Tnfl. : on the W, side of 
Briffwood r., or the E. fork of "While r., 55 m. S. by E. 
Indianapolis. 

Cortland, p. v., Newton co., Teoj. : 247 m. E. by N. 
Austin City. 

Cortland Village, p. v., and cap. Cortland co., A'l Y. : 
on W. -side of Tiougbnioga r., ITS m. "W. Albany. It con- 
tains the CO, buildings, a*veral manufactures, and many of 
the houses are elegant structures. The neighborhood is 
higldy cultivated. Pop. 1,600. The t of Cortland has 7,753 
inhabitants. 

Corunn'a, p. v., and cap. Shiawassee co., JUcTi. : on the 
S. "W. side of Shiawassee r,, 2T m, N, E. Lansing. The r, 
Iiere ftirnishes a fine head of water, and works several 
mills. In the vicinity are foxmd coal, lime, and sand fit for 
glas.s manufactures. 

CoRw^N, p. v., Montgomery co., OMo: 74 m. "W. by S. 
Columbus. 

Corydon, p, T., and cap. Harrison co., Tnd. : on a level 
bottom between the forks of Indian cr,, 109 m. S. Indiana- 
]ioIi)t. A newspaper, the "Harrison Gazette" (whig), is 
pid)li9hed weekly. As an inland v., Corydon has a respect- 
able amount of trade, and a population of 462 soida. 



Corydon, p. v., llend(_rson co., Ky. : Iho m. "W. Frankfurt. 
CoinTiON, p. v., "^'arren co., Ptmi. : 173 ra. N. "W. 
Harrisburg. 

CosGRovE Hail, p. c. Union co., Pcnn. : 43 ni. N. X. "\V. 
Harrisburg. 

CosnoCTON county, OJiio. Situate E. centrally, and con- 
tains G46 sq. m. Drained by Killbuek cr., Wiiite-wonian's 
cr., or Walhonding r., and Tuscarawas r., the two latter of 
which unite at Coshocton village, and form the Muskin- 
gum r. : these afford abundance of water-power. Surfnce 
uneven and hilly, but the hills are arable, and the soils 
everywhere fertile. Immense amounts of grain are cnlli- 
valed, and the amount of live-stock is large. Salt, biliuniu- 
oua coal, iron ore, and lead ore are found in the co. Farms 
2,736; manuf. 15S; dwell. 4,-325, and pop,— wh. 25.030, fr. 
col. 44— total 25.074. Capital: Coshocton, Puhlic Works : 
Central Ohio R. R.; Ohio Canal ; Walhondiug Canal, etc. 

Coshocton, p. v., and cap. Coshocton co., O?tlo: on the 
E. side of Muskingum r., at the confluence of its con.stitu- 
cnls, the Walhonding and Tuscarawas rivers, 63 m. E. by N, 
Columbus. The v. is laid out on four terraces, each 9 feet 
above the other, the first three being 400 feet wide, and tim 
last about 1,000 feet; and the streets are at right angles wilh 
one another, dividing the v. into 36 blocks of 400 feet squan*, 
and each block into 8 lots. The v., however, has expnudid 
much beyond these original bounds, and the surrounding 
country is thickly settled. It contains a brick court housr. 
several churches, mills, and factories, propelled by bolli 
steam and water. Two newspapers, tbc' **C. Republican" 
(whig) and the " C. Democrat'* (dein.), arc published week- 
ly, and the *^ Practical Preacher," a religious paper, is pub- 
lished semi-monthly. Pop. &50. The Walhonding aiid 
Ohio Canal form a junction on the opposite side of the 
river. 

CosDTJXES river, Calif. : rises from the Sierra Nevada, in 
El Dorado co., and passes thence in a direction W. S. W. 
into Sacramento co., in it-s lower part, dividing it from San 
Joaquin co., and then falling into San Joaquin r., 12 ni. 
from its mouth. 

Cote Sans Dibsein, p. o., Callaway co,. Mo. : on the N. 
bank of Missouri r., opposite the mouth of Osage r,, 11 ra. 
E. by N. Jefferson City. It is an old French settlement, 
and derives its name from its location on an isolated hill on 
the margin of the river. 

CoTiLE, p. 0., Rapides par., La. : near CotUe Lake, lOS m. 
"W. N. W. Baton Rouge. 

CoTOMA, p. v., Montgomery co., Al<i. : on Cotoma cr., 
12 m. S. Montgomery. 

CoTOSA, p. v., "Walker co., Ga. : 182 m. N. "W. Mille«]ge- 
vUle. 

Cottage, p. o., Huntingdon co., Penn.: C3 m. "W. Har- 
risburg. 

Cottage, p. c, Montgomery co., Md. : 36 ra. W. Anna- 
polis. It is the p. o. for Leesborough, a v. on the Wa.sh- 
ington and Roekville turnpike, 9 m. from the former. This 
T. has 3 churches— 1 CalhoHc, 1 Episcopal, and 1 Mctlmd- 
iat- and about 300 inhabitants : it has also 5 water mills and 
1 steam saw mill. 

Cottage Geove. p. o., "Washington co., Minn. Ter. : 
22 m. N. E, St. Paul. 

Cottage Grove, t. and p. o., Dane co., TT/sf. .- 12 m. 
E. by S. Madison. The v. lies on a branch of Cat-fish r. 
Pop. of the t. in 1?50, 785. 

Cottage Grove, p. o., Union co., /wff. ; 68 m. E. by S. 
Indianapolis. 

Cottage Hill, p, o., Dupage co,, TU. : on the line of the 
Galena and Chicago Tnion R. R., 16 m. "W. Chicago, and 
162 m. N. N. E. Springfield. 

Cottage Hill, p. o., Lauderdale CO., Tenn. : 153 m. 
W. by S. Nashville. 

Cottage Hill, p. o., St. Joseph co., /«''.: 163 m, N. 
Indianapolis, 
Cottage Uo.me, p. o.. Harford co., Md : on Deer cr., 8 m. 

IW 



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N. W. Bel- Air. The Great Kocks of Deer cr., 2 m. AV., are 
remarkable for their height and the romantic scenery of 
their vicinity. Iron ores and other minerals abound, and 
the neighboring lauds are conceded to bo the best in the 
county. 

Cottage Hosra, p. c, Lincoln co., J^. Car. : 143 m. 
W. by N. Ealeigh. 

Cottage Inn, p. c, La Fayette co., Wise. : -19 m. S. "W. 
Madison. 

CoTTLETTLLE, p. o., St. ChaHcs CO., Mo. : on the N. side 
of Missouri r., SS m, E. by N. Jefferson City. 

Cotton Gin Pout, p. o., Monroe co., Miss. : on the E. side 
of Tombigbee r., immediately below the junction of its 
E. and W. forks, and at the head of navigation, 152 m. 
N. E. Jackson. 

Cotton Geove, p. o., Davidson co., K Car. : 102 m. "W. 
Raleigh. 

Cotton Gkove, p. c, Pontotoc co., Miss. : 157 ra. N. N. E. 
Jackson. 

Cotton Gkove, p. o., Madison co., Tenn. : 123 m. "W. S.'W. 
Nashville. 

CuTTuN Hill, p. o., Pandolph co., Ga. : between Palala 
and Jumma creeks of Chattahoochee r., and on the line of 
the South-Western R. E., 12 m. from Fort Gaines, and 133 
m. S. W. Milledgeville. 

Cotton Plant, p. o., Tippah co., Miss. : 192 m. N. N. E. 
Jackson. 

Cotton Plant, p. o., Husk co., T<m.: 236 m. N. E. 
Austin City. 

Cotton Eidge, p. o., Itawamba co.. Miss. : 1C3 m. N. E. 
Jackson. 

Cotton Valley, p. o., Macon co., Ala. : 33 m. E. 
Montgomery. 

Cotton^tlle, p. o., Marshall co., Ala. : 142 m. N. 
Montgomery. 

CoTTON\^LLE, p. V., Jackson co., la. : between two creeks 
of Makoqueta r., and about U m. N. of that stream; 56 
m. N. E. Iowa City. 

Cottonwood, p. v., Cliristian co., Ki/.: 172 m. "W. S. "W. 
Frankfort. 

Cottonwood creek, Sbaste Co., Call/. : a tributary of the 
Sacramento r. from the Coast Eange of mountains. 

CoTTiiELLviLLE, t and p. o., St. Clair co., Mich. : on the 
"W. side of St. Clair r., 98 m. E. Lansing. The v., located 
on the immediate shore of the r., is a flourishing commereial 
and trading place, and a slopping place for steamboats 
navig.iling the river. Pop. oft. 913. 
CoTuiT, p. v., Barnstable co., Mass. : 62 m. E. S. E. Boston. 
Cotdit Port, p. v., Barnstable co., Mass. : C5 m. E. S. E. 
Boston. 

Coclson's MaL, p. o., Linn co., Mo. : on Little Xellow 
cr. of Grand r., 92 m. N. N. W. Jefferson City. 

Coulter's Stoke, p. o., Macon co., Mo. : S9 m. N. by W. 
Jefferson City. 

CotTLTERsviLLE, p. T., Eutlef CO., Penn. : 169 m. "W. by N. 
Uarrisburg. 

CocNCiL Bend, p. o., Crittenden co., A^'k. : 112 m. E, by 
N. Little Eock. 

ConNCiL Bluffs, p. v., Pottowattomee co., la. : on the 
Missonri r., 216 m. W. by S. Iowa City. This is an important 
point in overland travel, being the last civilized settlement 
before entering the Indian country. Here tho emigrant 
pn^'ides himself with his outfit, and, crossing over the Mis- 
souri, wends his way over the vast wilds. From Council 
Bluffs to Oregon City is 1,924 m., and from C. B. to Sacra- 
mento City, 2,011 m., the routes being those indicated by 
Horn's Overland Guide, published in 1S53. 

CouN'ciL Hill, p. o., Joe Daviess co., III. : on the Galena 
and White Oak Spa road, 182 m. N. N. W. Springfield, and 
about 8 ra. N. E. Galena. 
CouNTS\nLLE, p. o., LexiDgton dist., S. Car. 
CorNTY Line, p. o., Tallapoosa co., Al^a. : 3T m. N. by E. 
Montgomery. 



CoiTNTT Lin-e, p. 0., Campbell co., Ga. : SS m. W. N. W. 

Milled geviUo. 

County Link, p. o., Newton co., Mi«8. : on the W. line 
of the CO., 59 m. E. by N. Jackson. 

County Line, p. o., Niagara co., aY. T. : 232 m. W. by N. 
Albany. 

County Lin-e, p. o., Davis co., JV. Car. : 102 m. W. by N. 
Ealeigh. 

CouBT Hill, p. o., Talladega co., Aki. : Tl m. N. by E. 
Montgomery. 

CouKT House, p. o., Franklin co., Ala.: 187 m. N. W. 
Montgomery. 

CouF.TL/VND, p. v., LawTcnce co., Ala,: on the lino of 
tho Memphis and Charleston E. E., 172 m. N. N. W. 
Montgomery. 

Coitetland, p. v., Shelby co., Toe. : 246 m. E. N. E. 
Austin City. 

CouitTWBrGHT'6 Mais, p. o., Iroquois co., Ill: 116 m. 
N. E. by E. Springfield. 

Coushattee CnuTE, p. o., Nachitoches par., La. : 140 m. 
N. W. Baton Eouge. 
Cove, p.v., Shelby co., AJ^. : 6Q m. N. by W. Montgomery. 
Cove, p. v., Polk co., Arl: : 118 m.W. S.AV. Little liock. 
Cove Ceeek, p. o., Benton co., Ala.: 96 m. N. N. E. 
Montgomery. 

Coventry, t. and p. v., Tolland co., Conn. .- on the W. 
side of Willimantic r., and N. of Hop r.. 17 m. E. Hertford. 
The surface is uneven, and the soil a gravelly loam. Tho 
water-power afforded by the streams moves a number of 
mills and factories, chiefly woolen, cotton, i>ai»er, etc. 
Pop, 1,984. 

Coventey, t. and p. v., Chenango co., 2f.Y.: 97 m. S. 'W. 
Albany. The surface is hilly, and drained by Harper's 
and Kelsey's creeks, tributaries of the Susquehanna. The 
village contains about 250 inhabitants. Pop. 1.677. 

Coventry, t, and p. o., Kent co., Ji. I. : 13 m. S. "W. 
Providence. The t. is watered by Fiat c. and the S. branch 
of Pawtuxent r., which furnish extensive water-pnwt:r. 
which is extensively used in manufactures of wool and 
cotton. Po^i. 3,("*2li. 

Coventry, t. and p. v., Orleans co.. Verm. : at the head 
of Lake Memplireraagog, 40 ra. N. N. E. Muntpelier. It is 
drained by Black and Barton rivers, which empty into llii* 
lake, and furnish good raill-power. The soil is generally a 
rich, deep loam, and very fertile. Pop. S67. 

Cuventetville, p. v., Chenango co., JV". Y. : 93 nL S. W. 
Albany. 

Covert, t. and p. v., Seneca co., X. Y. : on the "W. side 
of Cayuga Lake, 152 m. W. AUxiny. The surface is high 
and level, and is drained by numerous creeks falling into 
the lake. The v. is a small agricult. Bettlement. P. 2,253. 

CovESViLLE, p. v., Albemarle co., Virg.: 72 ra.'W. by N. 
Eichmond. The Virgmia Central E. E. passes through the 
village. 

CovEsvaLE, p. v., Monro© co,, Penn. : 9J m. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

CovEsviLLE, p. v., Saratoga co., y. Y. : K m. N. by E. 
Albany. 

Covington county, Ala. Situate S., and contains 1,152 
sq. m. Drained by Conecuh r. and Yellow Water r. and 
their tributary creeks. Surface low, but diversified, and 
soils not the most fertile. The protlucta are cotton, corn, 
and rice, tho latter in small quantity. Farms 1-58; manuf. 6; 
dwell. 503, and pop.— wli. 8,077, fr. col. SS, si. 48t)— tothl 
3,645. Capital: Andalusia. 

Covington county, Mi-^s. Sitnate S. centrally, and con- 
tains 486 sq. m. Drained by the head creeks of Leaf r.. a 
tribntarj' of Pascagoula r. Surface level, and the soils light 
and sterile, but with great exceptions. Cotton, com. and 
potatoes are the chief products. Farms 272 : manuf. 5 ; 
dwell. 348, and pop.— wh. 2,222, fr.-col. 2, si. 1,114— total 
8,388. Capital : Williamsburg. 
CoviNCTOx, p. v.j and cajj. Newton oa., Ga. ; oo the E. 



I 



cov 



cox 



side of and 3} m. frnm ToUow r., a. cotislituent of Ilic 
Okmulgee r., 54 m. N, W. Milleilgoviilc. Tlie Georgia 
E, K. passes through the v. lS(i in. from Augusta, ami 41 
ni. from Atlanl.1. It is a considerable place, and oont,'iina 
the CO. offices, 4 churches, and many handsome buiUlingn. 
It has also a respectable academy, and 2 m. N.,at Oxford, is 
Kniory College, a Methodist instituliun. 

Covington, p. t., and cap. Koimlain c<»., 7/uA ; on llie 
E. side of TrVabash r., 73 m. W. by N. Indianapolis. The 
■Wabash and Erie Canal passes through the place, and since 
its completion in 1S47, a great increase in Ilie trade of the 
V. has resulted. A newspaper, the " People's Friend"(dem.), 
is published weekly. Pop. 1,600. 

Covington, p. city, Kenton co., Kr/. : on the W. side of 
Licking r., on the Ohio, opposite Cincinnati, CO m. N. N. E. 
Frankfort, It is built on a beautiful plain, most of which 
is above high-water mark ; and the streets are so arranged 
J13 to appear from the hills back of Cincinnati as a continua- 
tion of that city. Newport lies on the opposite side of the 
Licking. It is connected with Cincinnati by a steam ferry. 
Covington is a highly flourishing place, and is destine<l to 
become a large city. It contains a city hall, S churches, a 
theological seminary, belonging to the Baptists; 70 or SO 
stores, 35 tobacco factories, 8 rope-walks, a rolling-mill, and 
numerous other manufacturing establishments. About a 
mile back from the city ia Limlen Grove, a beautiful rural 
cemetery, and 4 m. in the interior are Latonian Springs, a 
very fashionable and pleasant resort in the summer season. 
Two weekly newspapers, the " Democratic Union," and 
the "C. Journal'' (whig), artJ published here; and also a 
monthly literary paper, called the " C. Gazette." From 
Covington, railroads are in course of construction to Louis- 
ville, Lexington, etc., wliich will form the connecting links 
between the systems of railroads already built, or being built 
on all sides S. of the Ohio, and those of Ohio and the other 
Western Stales. Pop. about 10,008. 

Covington, p. v., Eichmond co., J^. Car. : on the "W. side 
of Mountain cr. of Yadkin r., 72 m. S. W. Kaleigh. 

Covington, p. v., and cap. St. Tammany par.. La.: on 
the "W. side of Bogue Fallia, a small stream emptying into 
Lake Pontchartrain, G4 m. E. Baton Rouge. 

Covington, t. and p. v., Wyoming en., K. Y. : 203 m."W. 
Albany. Surface rolling, and drained by Allen's cr. The 
V. is a small settlement of 25 or 30 dwellings. 

Covington, p. v., Miami co., Ohio: on the E. bank of 
Stillwater r., nearly opposite and a little S. of the mouth 
of Greenville cr., 71 ni. "W. by N. Columbus. The site is 00 
feet above the ordinary water level of the river, and the v. 
contains several stor-'s and mechanic shops, with about GOO 
inhabitants. Pop. In 1S50 451. 

Covington, p. v., Tio^a co., Pen?}. : on a branch of Tioga 
cr., and on the line of the Corning and IJIossburg K. P.. 10 
m. N. of Blossburg, and 107 N. by "W. Ilarrisburg. Pop. 133. 

Covington, p. v., anil cap. Tipton co., Tenn. : on a branch 
of Big Ilateheo r., IS m. E. of the Mississippi, and 173 
m. "W. S. W. Nashville. It stands on a beautiful elevated 
country, and is surrounded with a highly cultivated and 
fertile region. It contains a neat court-house, about 120 
buildings, and GOO inhabitanta. 

Covington, p. v.. and cap. Alleghany co., Virff. : on the 
N.side of James r.,at the confluence of Jackson's and Pott's 
creeks, being the head of navigation. Its situation, in the 
midst of mountain scenery, ia beautiful and heallliy. The 
v. has several manufactures and meehanie trades, and is the 
commercial dep6t for an extcnt*ive intramoritaiie region. 
Pop. about 500. The projected U. R. from Lynchburg to 
the Ohio r. at Guyandotte, will pass llirmigh it. 

Cowan's Ford, p. o., Mechlenburgh co., J^. Car.: 132 
m. "W. S. "W". Raleigh. 

CowANSviLLE, p. o., EowaD CO., A^ Car. : 102 nLW. by S. 
Kalcigh. 

CowANSTTLLK, p, V,. Armstrong co., pcmn. : 152 m. 
W. N. W. Ilarrisburg. 



Cow bay, Queens co., N. Y. : is an arm of Long Islahd 
Souml, extending inland about 5 m., and navigable for 
Bteaniboats. It ie surrounded by highly cnlliTated farms 
and country villas. It is in the t. of North Ilempsti-ad. 

Cow Ckeek, p. 0-, Saline co., Mo. : 72 m. N.W. JeflVrson 
City. 

(.'ow creek, Shaste co., Calif.: a tributary of the Saera- 
mcnlo r., from the Sierra Nevada. 

CowDKitsi'ORT, p. v.. and cap. Potter co., Peinu : <m the 
N. Bide of Alleghany r,. P23 m. N. N. W. Ilarrisburg. It is 
a thriving v., and has 300 inhabitants. 

Coweta county, iia. Situate W., and contains 532 sq. m. 
Drained by Cedar cr. and New r. of Chattahoochee r,, whieh 
forms its N. W. border, and by tributiiries of Flint r., Tfliich 
washes it on tbe E. bonier ; surface uneven and wooded ; soils 
generally good, producing largely cotton, Indian corn, and 
wheat, and some tobacco. Farms 911 ; manuf. 52 ; dwell. 
1,8&2. and iiop.—wh. 8.20'2, fr. col. Is, h1. 5,415— total 13,035. 
Capital: Newnan. Puhtir Works : La Grange R. II. 

Cow harhor. Great and Little, Suffolk co., iV. Y.: a 
large bay in Huntington t., communieatiDg with Huntington 
Bay on the W., and separated from Long Island Sound by 
Eaton's Neck. 

CowFKEK, p. v., Barbour co., Aht.: on Cowikee cr. of 
Chattahoochee r., 70 m. F. S. E. Montgomery. 

Cowi-ESviLLE, p. v., ^Vyoming co., K. Y.: 223 m. W, 
Albany. 

Cowlitz Farms, Pacific co., Oreg. Ter. : a fine agricul- 
tural settlement of the Puget'a Sound Agricultural Society 
on the W. side of Cowlitz r., about 40 m. from its moulli, 
and 120 m. N. of Salem. The lands here are among the 
finest in the Territorj', producing all the grains and veget- 
ables of temperate climates. A good road leads hence di- 
rectly N. to Puget's Sound and the port of Olympia. 

Cowlitz river, Oreg. Ter, : a large tributary oi the Co- 
lumbia r., from the N. E,, which in its main course fonns 
the dividing line between Lewis and Clark counlics. It is 
navigable to Cowlitz Farms, an establishment of the Puget'a 
Sound Agricultural Company. It enters the Columbia 
about 43 m. from its mouth. 

Cow Neck, Queens co., JV". Y.: lies between Cow Pay 
on the W. and Hempstead Harbor on the E. It is ni. 
long and 2V m. wide. 

CowPEN Bbancii. p. o., Barnwell dist., S. Car, 

CowpENS, p. o., Spartanlnirgh dial., A Car. : between 
Broad r. and Fncolet r.. 1)3 m. N. N. "W. Columbia. The 
locality is noted in history as the ground on which the 
'•Battle of Cowpcns" was fought, lltli Jan., 17^1. 

CowPEii Hill, p. o., Robeson co., A'. Car. : S3 m. S. by "W. 
Raleigh. 

Cow Skin. p. o., Ozark co., J/b. ; 13:3 ni. b. JefTerson City. 

C'ose'8 Cueek, p. 0., Bullitt co., Ky. : 4S m. W. by .*<. 
Frankfort. 

CosSAPKiE. t. and p. v., Greene eo.. JSf. Y.: on the W, 
side of Hudson r., 22 m. S. Albany. On the AV. the surface 
is somewhat hilly, in other parts level. It is drained by 
several creeks of the HudRon. The t. is situale 1 in. AV. 
of the landing on the r. ; it contains 90 or 100 dwellings aud 
about 6110 inhabitants. Pop. 3,741. 

CoxsACKiE Lanoing, t., Grccnc oo., K. Y.: 22 m. S. 
Albany. AVilhin the distance of a mile there are three 
landings at which steamboats stop several times a day dur- 
ing the srason of navigation. It contains a nunil)er of 
stores, a ship yard, and dry dock, several brick yards, etc., 
and has a large river and inland trade, the furni-T chiefly 
carried on by sloops. Pop. (jf the v. and neighborhood about 
1,200. 

Cox's Mills, p. o., Randolph co., A'. Car.: 71 ni. "W, 
Raleigh. 

Cox's MiLi5, p. o., Gilmer co., Virg. : 208 m. W. N. "W. 
Richmond. 

Cox's Mills, p. o., "Wayne co., Jnd.: CS m. E. Indian- 
apolis. 

167 



cox 



CRA 



Cox's Stoke, p. o., ■Washington co., Tenn.: 236 m. E. 
Nashville. 

CoxviLLE, p. v., De Kalb co., Ala. : 151 m. N. by E. 
Montgomerj'. 

CoYLKviLLE, p. V., Bullcr CO., I^tin. : 1G9 m. 'W. by N". 
Ilarrisburp. 

CozBY, p. v., Hamilton eo., TstJ-n. : 101 m. S. H. Nashville. 

Crab licTTUM, p. o., Highland eo., ('*>{/. .* on one of 
the head streams of Cow Pasture r., 120 m. W. by N. 
Richmond. 

Chab noLLOTT, p. o., Lincoln co., K^/. : 54 m. S. S. E. 
Frankfort 

Ceab Hollow, p. o., Kay co., Mo.: 116 m. "SV. by N. 
Jefferson City. 

Grab Tukk, p. o., Hftywood co., X Car.: 2-4G m. 
W. by S. Kflleigh. 

Ceacker'6 Nkck, p. o., Crrccne co., Oa. 

Ckaftsbueg, t. and p. v., Orleans co., Verm. : 27 m. N. by 
E. Montpelier. The t. is watered by Black r. of Lake Mem- 
phremagog and branches of Lamoille r. of Lake Cham- 
plain, both of which rise from the hills of this region. The 
V. is on elevated ground, commands a fine prospect, and is 
a place of considerable business. In the centre of the v. 
ie a large public green, 80 by 24 rods in extent. 

Ckaftsville, p. T., Elbert co., Ga.: 83 m. N. N. E. 
MilledgeviUe. Pop. of t. 1,223. 

Craig, p. o., Switzerland co., In<7. : S7 m. S. E. Indian- 
apolis. 

Ceaig*8 Creek, p. o., Botetourt co., Ttrg. : on a cr. of 
Jaraes r. so called, 13S m. W. Richmond. 

Craigsvillb, p. o,, Orange co., X. Y. : on the line of the 
Ncwburgh Branch R. R., 16 m. from Nowburgh, and 86 m. 
S. by W. Albany. 

Ceatn's Creek, p. o., Monroe co., JV; Car. : on Crain's cr. 
of Lower LilUo r., a branch of Cape Fear r., 42 m. S. AV. 
Raleigli. 

Crain's Coexers, p. o., Herkimer co., K ¥.: 60 m. 
W. by N. Albany. 

Craixsville, p. v., Hardeman co., Tenn. : ou a branch 
of Big Hatchie r., where it cuts the E. lino of the co., 125 
m. S. W. by W. Nashville. 

Cb.vnberey, p. T., Middlesex co., iV' Jer. : on Cranberry 
Brook, a tributary of Millstone r., 16 m. N. E. Trenton. 
The v. contains several mills and about 400 iuhabilants. It 
has a station on the Camden and Amboy R. R., IS m. 
from South Amboy. 

Craneerky, p. v., Allen co., Ohio : 82 in. N. "W. Columbus. 
. CuANBERRT, t. and p. 0., Venango co., Penn.: on the 
S. E. side of Alleghany r., 173 m. W. N. W. Harrisburg. 
There are several furnaces in the t., and a pop. of nearly 2,000. 

Crasbekrt Cr.EKK, p. 0., Fulton co., A^. Y.: on the cr. 
50 called, 42 m. N. W. Albany. 

Ceanberry Foege, p. 0., Watauga co., y. Car. : 168 m. 
^V. by N. Raleigh. 

Cranberry Ibleb, t. and p. o., Hancock co.. Me. : on the 
Atlantic Ocean. 79 m. E. S. E. Augusta. These isles were 
attached to Mount Desert until 1830, when they were incor- 
porated. They lie a few miles E. by S. of that islan<i. and 
trabraco Great and Little Cranberry, Sutton's and Baker's 
islands. They afford good harbors, and are well located 
for the shore fishery. Pop. about 250. The p. o. ia located 
on Great Cranberry Island. Pop. 2S3, 

Cranberry Plains, p. o., Carroll co., Virg.: 192 m. 
W. S. W^ Richmond. 

Cranberry Prairie, p, c, Mercer co., Ohio: 89 m. 
"W. N. W. Columbus. 

Crane Ceekk, p. o., Barry co., 3fo : on a cr. so called, 
130 m. S. W. Jefferson City. 

Crane's Forge, p. o., Assumption par., La. : 47 m. 8. 
Baton Rouge. 

Ceanemville, p. v., Montgomery co., 2^. Y.: on the N. 
side of the Mohawk r. and on the line of the Utica and I 
Schenectady R. R., 28 ra. N. W, Albany. I 

158 



Cranesville, p. v., Preston co,, Virg. : 188 m. N. Vf. 
Richmond. 

Craven county, Nl Car. Situate S. E.. and contains 
9S0 sq. ra. Drained by tributaries of Neuse r., which passes 
through the co., and enters a wide estuary which connects 
it with Pamlico Sound. Surface generally level — in some 
parts marshj'. Soils fertile. Indian corn, potatoes, rice, 
and ctrtton are produced, and an immense amount of tar, 
pitch, and turpentine manufactured. Farms 3SS ; manuf. 
67 ; dwell. 1,842, and pop.— wh. 7,222, fr. col. 1,536, si. 6,951 
—total 14,709. Capital: Newbem (New Berne). 
Craky's Mills, p. o., SL Lawrence co., K. i' 
Ceavensvillk, p. v., Daviess co., Mo.: on the N. E. side 
of Grand r., 13G m. N. W. Jefferson City. 

Crawford county, Penn. Situate in N.W., and contains 
1,010 sq. m. Drained by French cr. an<! il.s branches, and 
by Slienango cr. Oil cr., a tributary of the Alleghany r., 
affords bituminous oil, which is valuable in pharmacy. Sur- 
face moderately undulating and well wooded. Soils of 
average fertility. Iron ore is largely distributed throughout 
the CO. The staple products aie wheat, Indian corn, oais, 
3nd potatoes. There arc scveial potteries in operation. 
Farms 4,070 ; manuf. 24S ; dwell. 6,592, and pop.— wh. 
37,750, fr. col. 99— total 37,849. Capital: MeadviUe. PtOt- 
lic Works: Beaver and Erie Canal, etc. 

Crawford county, Ark. Situate N. "W., and contains 
960 sq. m. Drained by Lee's cr.. Frog Bayou, and other 
tributaries of the Arkansas r., which forms its ^.Tjorder. 
Surface diversified by hills, rolling prairies, and alluvial 
bottoms, the latter well wooded and fertile. Indian corn is 
the chief product. Farms 499 ; manuf. 10 ; dwell. 1,247, and 
pop.— wh. 6,935, fr. col. 92, si. 933— total 7,960. Capital: 
Van Buren. Public Works : A railroad contemplated from 
the Mississippi r. to this point. 

Crajvford county, Ga. Situate "W. centrally, and con- 
tains 3S2 sq. m. Drained chiefly by tributaries of Flint r., 
which forms its S. W. border; the Echeconno, a tributary 
of Ocmulgee r., runs on its E. border. Surface generally 
level. Soils sandy, and not of average fertility. The chiefs 
products are cotton and Indian com. Farms 445 ; manuf. 
5.; dwell, 754. and pop.— wh. 4,-342, fr. col. 13, si. 4,629— 
total 8,984. Capital: Knoxville. Public Works: Musco- 
gee R. R. 

Crawtord county, lU. Situate S. E., on the W. side 
of Wab.ish r., and contains 4G8 sq. m. Drained by Embar- 
ras r., and tributaries of the Wabash. Surface varied — 
chiefly ricli rolling prairie, producing largely, and feeding 
large amounts of live-stock. Farms 542; manuf. 0; dwell. 
1,192, and pop.— wh. 7,113, fr. col. 17— total 7,135. Capital : 
Robinson. 

CBA^VF0^D county, Ind. Sitnatc S., and contains 820 sq. 
m. Surface uneven and broken, and the soil, except near 
tlie rivers, indifferent Oaks and poplars are the prevailing 
timbers. Coal and iron abound in the W. districts. The 
Great Blue r. washes the E. borders, and Oil cr. drains the 
interior. Farms 540; manuf. S3; dwell. 1,027, and pop.— 
wh. 6..523, fr. col. 1— total 6,524. Capit<il: Levenworth. 

Crawford county, Ja. Situate "W., and contains 576 
sq. m. Taken from Poftowattomee in 1851. 

Crawtord county, Mic?i. Situate N. centrally of Lower 
Peninsula, and contains 576 sq. m. Erected since 1S50. 

Crawfoud county, Mo. Situate centrally, and contains 
l,(ioS sq. m. Drained chiefly by Maramce r. and its num&- 
rous branches. Surface uneven and broken, with extensive 
Ijottoras. Soil of every description, from the most sterile 
to the most fertile. Iron is very abundant, and is extensively 
TvroughU Farms 715; manuf. 9; dwell. 994, and pop.— 
vvIl 6,112, fr. col. 0, si. 2S5— total 6,397. Capital: Stecfc.- 
ville. 

Crawford county, Ohio. Situate toward theN. centrally, 
and contains 596 sq. m. Drained by tributaries of Sandusky 
r., which also flows through it, and by the "VT. branch of 
"Whetstone r. Surface elevated, and somewhat uneven— 



CRA 



CPJ 



well wooded. Soils fertile, and yield large grain-crops. 
Farmsl,210: raanuf. S.; dwell. 3,0T0, and pop.-— wh.lS,1 67, 
fr. col. 10— total 18,1 "7. Capfkil: Kueyrus. PublicWorks: 
Cleveland, Cincinnati, and Colunibiia K. E. ; Ohio and In- 
diana It. K., ete. 

Crawford county, Wise. Situate S. W., and contains 
520 sq. m. Drained by Kiekapoo r. and ita branches; the 
Mississippi r. washes its W., and the "Wisconsin r. its S. 
borders, both of which receive several creeks. Surface 
chiefly undulating prairie. Soils rich and fertile. Timber 
is abundant. Farms SO; manuf. 11 (chiefly saw mills'); 
dwell. 571, and pop.— wh. 2,4-sl, fr. col. 17~total 2,493. 
Capital : Prairie du Chien. 

Gbawford, t. and p. o., Oranije co., 2t^. Y. : on the S. E. 
side of Shawan£;unk r., IS m. W. Newburgh, and "7 m. 
S. by W. Albany. Surface hilly. The v. is a small agri- 
cultural settlement. Pop. 1.912. 

Crawford, t. and p. o., "Wyandott co., Ohio: to the "W. 
of Sandusky r., a branch of which passes throngh its S. E. 
part, 67 m. N. by W. Columbia. It is traversed N. and S. 
by the Mad Eiver and Lake Erie K. E., and the Pindlay 
Branch diverges at the v. of Carey. Pop. 1,301. 

Crawtford's Cove, p. o., St. Clair co., Ala.: 88 m. 
K. by E. Montgomery. 

Crawford Seminary, p. o., Qiiapaw Nation, Iiid. Ter. : 
ISO m. S. W. Jefferson City. 

Crawford's Mills, p. o., "Westmoreland ctf:, Penn.: 144 
m. W. Iferrisburg. 

Crawtordsville, p. v., and cap. Taliaferro co., Ga. : be- 
tween Ogeechee r. and Little r., the latter a tributary of the 
Savannah r., 37 m. N. by E. Milledgcville. The Georgia 
E. E. passes through the place, C.5 m. from Augusta and 
106 m. from Atlanta. It contains the county offices, an 
academy, and about 200 inhabitants. 

Ceawfordsville, p. v., and cap. Montgomery co.,,IJid. : 
on the S. side of Sugar cr., a tributary of Wabash r., 46 m. 
"W. N. W. Indianapolis. The line of the New Albany and 
Salem P. P. passes through the v. N. and S., and thus con- 
nects it with the Ohio r. and with Lake Michigan, etc. It 
is important for its trade and commerce, and is the seat of 
Wabash College. Two new.ipapers, the "Montgomery 
Journal" (whig), and the "Montgomerj' Eeview" (dem.), 
are issued weekly. Pop. 2,400. 

Cbawfoedstille, p. v., Washington co., la. : 23 m. 
S. S. W. Iowa City. 

Ceawfordsville, p. v., Spartanburgh dist., S. Car. : 103 
m. N. W. Columbia, 

CRATTO>'nLLE, p. V., Audcrson dist., ,S. Cii)\: US m. 
W. by N. Columbia. 

Creachtille, p. o., Johnson co., IT. Car. : 31 m. S. E. 
Ealeigh. 

Ceeageestown, p. v., Frederick co., 3fd. : on N. side of 
Hunting cr., near its junction with the Monocaey r., 12 m. 
N. of Frederick City, and fiS m. N. W. Annapolis. 

Ceeage's Mili5, p. o., Wilcox co., Ala. : 69 m. W. S. W. 
Montgomery. 

Creek Agesct, p. o., Creek Nation, Ind. Ter. : at the 
confluence of Ycrdegris r. with the Arkansas r., S or 4 m. 
W. of Fort Gibson on the Neosho r., 192 m. W. N. W. 
Little Eook. 

Creek Nation, Ind. Ter. The Creeks occupy a large 
territory betu-een that of the Cherokees^to the N. and E., 
and that of the Choetaws, on the S., extending W. to the 
100th meridian. The Canadian r. separates the Creeks 
from the Choetaws, and the surface is chiefly drained by its 
N. fork, and by the Eed or Pawnee fork of the Arkansas r. 
The soils are fertile, and largo crops of the agricultural sta- 
ples usual to the latitude are annually raised. Fort Gibsofl 
is supplied with provisions by the industry of this nation. 
They have large stocks of cattle and hogs, and are other- 
•wise well provided. Their government is based on a written 
constitution ; they select their own chief and representatives, 
the latter acting as the grand council of the nation. They 



have also a judiciary, observing all the legal fonns of civ- 
ilized naI4on3, and in their schools and churches arc not 
surpassed by the neighboring State of Arkansas. Tho 
missionaries have efTccted such improvements in their con- 
dition, indeed, that the civiUzation of the descendants of the 
present generation is secured, and by the aid of the mechan- 
ics and farmers, supplied to them by the General Govern- 
ment, they are taught the substantial industries needed in 
the State. On tho whole, however, this nation is not so far 
advanced as either the Cherokees or Choetaws — a fact 
which may be attributed to physical disabilities rather than 
to an inferior moral influence on the part of those charged 
with their welfare. Tlieir country is not so well watered aa 
that of cither of the nations mentioned : nor are the incent- 
ives to industry, from their remote position from navigable 
channels, .so great. The droughts of summer, and the 
piercing col<i of the winter, are also drawbacks by which 
their interests suffer. The Seminoles are considered as a 
constituent part of the Creek Nation, and as such, inhabit 
the country between the forks of the Canadi.in r. The 
Seminoles are more averse to labor than any other of tho 
immigrant tribes, and hold slaves which they brought with 
them from Florida. So satisfied, however, are they with 
the country allotted them, that they are making strenuous 
endeavors to persuade the remnant of their tribe slill in 
Florida to settle among them; and their endeavors have 
not been in vain, as, by a recent agreement witli the chiefe 
who lately visited the seat of government to pay their re- 
spects to the President, they will remove forthwith. It is 
supposed that 300 of the nation still reside in the faslne.'^ses 
of the Florida peniusul-a. The number in the west of the 
Mississippi is estimated at 24,000. 

Creelsbuegii, p. v., Eussell co., Ki/. : 93 m. S. by W. 
Frankfort. 

Crkscext, p. 0., Lycoming co., Pemi.: S3 m. N. by W. 
Harrisburg. 

Crescent City, p. v., Tuolumne co., Calif. : on the S. side 
of Ttiolumno r., 10 m. from its entrance into the San Joaquin 
r., and SI m. S. E. Vallejo. 

Crete, p. o., Will co.. Ill : 139 m. N. E. Springfield. 

Creve C(EirR, p. o., St. Louis co,, Mo. : on Crcve Co'ur 
Lake. 92 m. E. byN. Jefferson City. The lake communi- 
cates with Missouri r. through a short, narrow passage. 

Crichton's Store, p. o,, Brunswick co., Virg. : 62 m. 
S. by W. Eiehmond. 

Criglerstille, p. v.,Madison CO., Tlrg.: 76m.N. N.W. 
Eiehmond. 

Critple Creek, p. o., Greenville dist., S. Car. : on a 
cr. of Eeedy r., a tributary of the Saluda r. so called, D2 m. 
N,W. Columbia. 

Crii'pleDeer, p. o.,Tlshemingoco.,il/>'^\ : 21*2 m.N. E. 
Jackson, 

CuTsp Prairie, p. o., Dade co.. Mo. : lOG m. S. W. JefT-T- 
son City. It is located on a fine elevated prairie E. of Sac 
r, and drained by its branches. 

CniTTENDEX county, Ar/c. Situate between the Mississippi 
and St, Francois rivers, and contains 1.9S0 sq. m. Drained 
by numerous creeks, sluices, and bayoux tailing into the bor- 
der rivers. Surface level, and subject to partial inundations. 
Soil, when sufficiently elevated for culture, highly fertile. 
Farms 192; manuf. 0; dwell. 300, and pop.— wh. 1,SJ2, fr. 
col. 5, si. SOI— total 2,643, Capital : Marion. 

Crittenden county, Ky. Situate N. W., and contains 
460 sq. m. Drained by several streams, tributaries of the 
Ohio and the Cumberland, the former of which washes 
its N. border, and the latter its S. W. border. The surface 
is generally level or undulating, and the soils of an average 
productiveness. Indian com. wheat, and oals are largely 
grown, and tobacco forms one of its great sUii)les. Farms 
662 ; manuf. 13 ; dwell. 973. and pop.— wh. 5,474, fr. col. 
29, si. S4S— total 6,351. Capital: Marion. 

Crittenden, p. v., Erie co., -V. 3' : 265 m. W. Al- 
bany. 

159 



CRI 



CRO 



Crittkndes. p. v., Grant co., Ky. : 43 m. N. by E. 
Frankfort 

Cr.iTTEXDEX, p. v., Howard co., Jml.: 49 ra.N. Indian- 
apolis. 

Crittende^j, p. v., Daviess co., JHo. : 13G m. N. "W. 
JefltTson City. 

Crockkiujville, p. 0., Genesee co., MicJk. : 49 m. N. E. 
Lansing. 

CnociiERT Creek, t. and p. o., Ottawa co., Midi.: on the 
N. side of Grand r., S ni. from its entrance into Lake 
Michi<;an. The p. o. is on Crockery cr., which drains the 
E. half of ihe t. and affords water-power, pop. 247. 

Crockett, p. v., and cap. liouston co., Tex. : on the old 
military rnad between Castrop and Nacogdoches, lf>3 m. 
K. N. E. Austin City. The v. is boautifiilly situate on an 
elevated prairie, gradually dcelining to Trinity r. on the 
"W., and Neches r. on the E., both of which receive the 
<lrainage of the country. 

Cuockett's Bluff, p. c, Arkansas co., Ark. : 94 m. S. E. 
Little Rock. 

Crockettsville, p, v., Breatbitt co., Ky. : 102 m. E. S. E. 
Frankfort. 

Croghan, t, and p. c, Lewis co., 271 Y. : on the E. side 
of Black r. and N. of Beaver cr., 112 m. N. "W. Albany. 
Surface hilly, and drained by tributaries of the Black river. 

Croghan, p. v., Putnam co., Ohio: 97 m. N. W. Co- 
lumbus. 

Crooked Creek, p. o., Carroll co., Aj'1\: on Crooked 
cr., a tributary of White r., 122 ra. N. N. W. Little Kock. 

Crooked Ckfek, p. o., Steuben co., I?uh : on a branch 
of Fawn r. so called, 149 m. N. E. by N. Indianapolis. 

Crooked Creek, p. o., Monroe co., 2fo. : on a cr. of Salt 
r. so called, GS ra. N. by E. JcfTcrson City. 

Crooked Creek, p. o., Clinton co., lU. : on Crooked 
cr. of Kaskaskia r., SS m. S. by E. Springfield. 

Crooked Creek, p. o., Henry co., la.: on the cr. so 
called, 3S m. S. Iowa City. 

Crooked Creek, p. o., Stokes co., JiT. Car. : 103 ra. 
Vr. N. W. Raleigh. 

Crooked Creek, p. o., Tioga co., Pe;m. ; 114 m. N. N. E, 
Ilarrisburg. 

Crooked Creek Furnace, p. o., Bullitt co., Ky. : 54 m. 
TV. by S. Frankfort. 

Crooked Fork, p. o., Morgan co., Tenn.: on a fork of 
Emery's r., a branch of Tennessee r. so called, 127 ni. E. 
Nashville. 

Crooked Hill, p. c, Montgomery co., Penn. : S3 m. E. 
ilarrisburg. 

Crooked lake, y. Y. : lies partly in Steuben and partly in 
Yates counties. It is 22 m. long, N. and S., and from 1 to 
2 m. wide — its surface 270 feet above Seneca Lake, with 
which it is connected by an outlet and canal. The waters 
are cold and transparent, and from SCO to 5G0 feet deep, 
abounding in salmon-trout, white-flsb, pickerel, pcreli,sun- 
f[A\, bass, and cat-fish. At Bluff Point, 9 m. N. of the head 
of the lake, it is divided by a high promontory, into two 
arms — cme extending to Penn-Yan, 18 m., and the otiicr to 
Braiu'hport, 9 m. A steamboat plies from namm'>nils- 
pnrt, at the liead nf the lake, to Penn-Yan, and affiirils the 
piissenger a fine view of the delightful scenery of the shores 
and neighborhood. 

Cropwei.l, p. v., St Clair co., Ala.: 100 ra. N. Mont- 
gomery. 

Crorbytille, p. v., Chester disL, 51 Car. .-^n the S. aide 
of Sandy r., S m. from its confluence with Broad r., and 44 
m. N. N.W. Columbia. 

Cross ANonon. p. o., Sparlanburgh dist.. S. Car. : between 
Tyger and Ennoree rivers, in the S. E. corner of the co., 72 
m. N. "W. Columbia. 

Crossanville, p. o., Perry co., Ohio: 47 m. S. E. Co- 
lumbus. 

Cross Creek Ytllagk, p. v., "Washington co., Penn. : on 
a cr. 60 called, 20S m. W. Uarrisburg. 
160 



Cross Cut, p. o., Lawrence co., Penn. : 192 m. "W, by IT, 
Earrisburg. 

Cross Hill, p. o., Laurens dist., 5. Car. : 63 m. "W. N. "W- 
Columbia. 

CRossiNGvn,LE, p. T., Crawfi.rd co^ Peim. : 904 m. 
N. *W". by "W. Uarrisburg. 

Cross Keys, p. c, Macon co., Ala. : 155 ra. N. "W. 
Montgomcrj'. 

Cross Keys, p. c, De Kalb co.^ Ga. : 86 m. N. "W. 
Milledgeville. 

Cross Keys, p. c, Camden co., X. Jer. : 37 m. S. by W. 
Trenton. 

Cross Keys, p. o., Union diet., S. Car. : between Ennoree 
r. and Tyger r., in the S. W. corner of the co., 59 m. N. W. 
Columbia. 

Cross Keys, p. o., Eoane co., Tenn.: 133 m. E- by B. 
Nashville. 

Cross Keys, p. c, Rockingham co., Virg. : 93 m, N. "W. 
Ftichmond. 

Cross Kill Mills, p. o., Berks co., P<f/i7*. ;57 m.E.N.E. 
Harrisbnrg. 

Cross Plaiks, p. v., Ripley co^ Ind. : on the Tevay Stale 
road, 10 m. S. Yersailles, and 73 ra. S. E. Indianapolis. 

Cross Plains, p. o., Robertson co., Tmn. : on the N. side 
of Sulphur Fork of Red r., a branch of the Cmaiberland, 26 
m. N. Nashville. 

Cross Pla^^^s, t and p. v., Dane co., Wise: 12 m. "W". 
Madison, and watered by Black Earth r. and Sugar r., on 
the former of which the v. is located. Pop. 333. 

Cross Kidqe, p. o., Tishemingo co., Miss. : 207 m. N. E. 
Jackson. 

Cross Kiver, p. o., "Westchester co., X Y. : on Cross r. or 
cr., a tributary of Croton r., 93 m. S. by E. Albany. 

Cross Koads, p. o., Jackson co., Miss. : 147 m. S. E. 
Jackson. 

Cross Eoads, p. o., Jefferson co., ^. -' iS m. "W. 
Frankfort. 

Cross PvOads, p. o., Madison co., OMo : flS m. S. E. 
Columbus. 

Cross Roads, p. o., Johnson co., III. : 17S m. S. by E. 
Springfield. 

Cross Eoads, p. o., Vanderburgh co., Ind. : 13G m. S. "W. 
Indianapolis. 

Cross Koads, p. o., York co., Penn. : 87 ra. S. by E. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Cross Koads, p. o., Bedford co., llrff. : lOS m. "W. by S. 
Bichmond. 

Ckoss K0ADS,p. o., Franklin co., Ark.: 103 ra. "W. N.'W. 
Little Kock. 

Cross Timrers, p. o., Hickory co., Mo. : on Stark's cr. 
of Little Niangua r., a branch of Osage r., 66 m. S. W. 
Jefferson City. 

Crossville, p. v., Lumpkin co., Ga. : 112 ra. N. N. 'W, 
Milledgeville. 

Crossville, p. v., Bledsoe co., Tenn. : 94 m. E. by S. 
Nashville. 

Crosswick's, p. v., Burlington co,, K Jsr. : on the high 
S. bank of Cmsswick's cr., S m. S. 9. E. Trenton. It is 
cliiefly a Quaker Tillage, and contains about 300 inhab- 
itants. 

Croton, p. v., Hunterdon co., N. Jer. : 31 m. N. by "W. 
Trenton. 

Croton, p. v., Licking co., Oldo. 

Croton, p. t., Newago co., Mleh. : S7 m. N.W. Landing. 

Croton, p. v., Delaware co., K. Y.: 72 m. S.W. Alhany. 

Croton Falls, p. v., "Westchester co., N. Y.: on Croton 

r., and on the line of the Harlera B. B., 51 m. from New 

York, and 104 from Albany. 

Croton Landing, p. v., "Westchester co., .M Y.: on the 
N. side of Croton r., near its entrance into Tappan Bay. 
The Hudson Eiver R. E. passes the t. 36 m. from New 
York, and 114 from Albany; and steamboats make regular 
stoppings here. It is a small but plca&ont village. 



CRO 



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Cboton river, a\' T. : a fine stream, rising iu Duchess 
nnd Putnam counties, flowiugMn a S. and S. W. direction 
through apart of "Westchester co., and emptjing into the 
Hudson r., about 2 m. above the v. of Sing Sing. Its length 
is about 45 m. It takes its rise in several small lakes ; its 
waters are very pure, and have for several years been 
directed through an aqueduct to New York, supplying that 
city with an abundance of water. The works built for the 
purpose of conducting the water, axe among the most 
extensive in the world. 

Ckow Creek, p. o., Franklin Co., Te7in. : on a cr. so 
callcil, 69 ra. S. E. NasUTillc. 

Ckowder's Creek, p. o., Gaston co., jV. Cat'. : on a cr. 
of Catawba r. eo called, 142 m. W. S. W. Ealeigh. 

Cuow Meadows, p. o., Marshall co., Ind. : lOS m. N. 
by W. Indianapolis. 

Ckown Point, p. v., and cap. Lake co., I}i(J. : in the cen- 
tre of Kobinsoa's Prairie, 14 m. S. of Lake Michigan, and 
1B9 m. N. "W. Indianapolis. The v. contains about 60 
dwellings and 250 inhabitants. 

Cr.owN Point, t and p. v.. Essex co., J^. Y. : on the "W. 
side of Lake Champlain, SS m. N. Albany. The W. part 
of the t. is mountain — in the E. and along the lake level, 
drained by Putnam's and some other streams. The v. on 
Putnam's cr. is only a small settlement Crown Point was 
the site of important military operations during the old 
French and the Revolutionary wars. Tlie ruins of the old 
fort of Crown Point arc situate on a neck of land running 
into the lake in the N. E. jiart of tlie town, and are fre- 
quently visited "by tourists as interesting objects connected 
with the national Listory. Pop. 2,379. v 

Crow^'sville, p. v., Anne Arundel ca^MiI. 

Crow's Pond, p. o., Davics3 co., Jxi/. : 132 m. "W. by S. 
Prank fort, 

Crowsvillk. p. v., Spartanburg dist., S. Car.: on the 
N. side of Ennoreo r., 3 m. distant, and S2 m. N. W. 
Columbia. 

Croxton, p. v., JefTerson co., Ohio.: 118 m. E. by N. 
Columbus. 

Croydon t. and p. o., Sullivan co., A^. Uamp. : 3S m. 
N. N. W. Concord. 

Crotdon Flat, p. o., Sullivan co., J^ Uamp. : 89 m. 
W. N. W. Concord. 

CRtrsi Elbow, p. o., Duchess co., K. Y. : is a point 4 m. 
N. of Pougbkeepsie, and 60 m. S. Albany. Crum Elbow 
or. is a tributary of the Hudson, which it reaches iu the t. 
of Hyde Park ; it is a good mill stream, on which ere seve- 
ral mills and factories. 

Ceuso, p. o., Seueca co., JVI Y. : 149 ni. "W". An)any. 

Crystal Laicr, p. o., M'IIenr>' co., IU.: on the lake so 
called, 1S3 m. N. N. E. Springfield, 

Cuba, p. v., Fulton co., Jll. : 50 ni. N. W. Springfield. 

CrBA, p. v., Rutherford co., X. Car. : 1S6 m. W. S. "W. 
Ealeigh. 

Clba, p. v., Kent co., Midi. : 4S m. W. N. W. Lansing. 

Cuba, t and p. v., Alleghany co., ^'i Y. : 22G m. W. by S. 
Albany. The land is elevated, and divides the sources of 
the Alleghany and Genesee rivers. In the N. there is a 
small lake, and near the W. border is situate the Oil Spring 
Eeservation. The v. is situate on the line of the Genesee 
Valley Canal and the New York and Erie E. E. It is a 
flourishing place, with 1,000 inhabitants. Pop. 2,143L 

CrBA, p. v., Clinton co., OJuo: 53 m. S. E. Columbus. 

Cub Creek, p. o., Charlotte co., Virg.: on a cr. of Roan- 
oke r. so called, S4 m. S. "W. Richmond. 

Ci'BEDATcuEE, p- V., Macon co.^ Ala.: on Cupiahatehee 
cr., 23 m. E. by S. Montgomery. 

Cub Hill, p. o., Baltimore co., McK : 9 m. from Balti- 
more. 

Cuckooville, p. v., Louisa co., Virg. : 4S m. N. W. 
Richmond. 

CcDDEBACKviiLE, p. 0., Orange co., X. Y. : 92 m. S. S. "W. 
Albany, 

W 



t'uDDvuuNK, p. v., Yallabiisha co., Mm. : US m. N. by E. 
Jackson. 

Cuero, p. v., and cap. Do "Witt co., Tex. : on the E. bank 
of the Guadaloupe r., 89 m. S. by E. Austin City. 

CuLcnoTE, p. 0., Polk CO., Teiin. : 142 m. S. E. Nashville, 

CuLLODEN, p, v., Monroe co., (?a. ; 56 m. "W. S. W. 
Milledgeville. 

CuLLOMA, p. v., and cap. El Dorado co., Calif. : on the 9. 
side of the S. fork of the American r., 100 m. E. N. E. 
Yallejo. 

Culpepper county, Ve'rff. Situate N. E., and contains 
672 sq. m. Drained by Thornton r. and its branches, and 
Mountain cr., tributaries^ of liappahannock r., which washes 
its N. E. border. Rapid Aima r. bounds it on the 8. side. 
Surface pleasantly diversified. Soils of average fertility, 
producing grain and tobacco. Farms 604; manuf. 53; 
dwell. 1,0:54, and pop.— wh. 5,111, fr. col. 4S8, si. 6,6S8— 
total 12;2S2. Capital : Culpepper C. H. (Fairfax). Puhlio 
WorAs : Orange and Alexandria R. E. 

Citlpeppee c. n. (or Fairfax), p. v., and cap. Culpepper 
CO., Virff. : Culpepper C. H. is the name rjf the P. O.— Fair- 
fax the name of the village. It contains the usual co. build- 
ings, several stores and mechanics' shops, and has about 
300 inhabitants. It is situate 10 m. N. of tlie Eappahannock 
r., and about TO m. N. N. W. Richmond. 

Culver Creek, p. o., Delaware co., Ohio. 

Cumberland county, IU. Situate S. E. centrally, and 
contains 324 sq. m. Drained by Embarras r. and its tribu- 
taries. Surface prairie, and very fertile. Farms 326 ; 
manuf. 0; dwell. 134, and pop.— wh. 3,720, fr. col. 0— total 
3,720. Capital : Greenup. Puhlie Works : Terre Haute 
and Alton E. E. ; and the National Road. 

C'uiiBERLAND couuty, Ktj. Situatc S. on the Tennessee 
State line, and contains oSO sq. m. Drained by creeks of 
Cumberland r., which flows through it from N. E. to S. "W. 
Surface uneven and rugged. Soils moderately fertile, pro- 
ducing wheat, Indian corn, oats, and tobacco largely, and 
some cotton. Farms 607 ; manuf. 11 ; dwell. 942, and pop. 
—wh. 5,47T, fr. col. 43, si. 1,4S5— total 7,005. Cajntal: 
Eurkesviile. 

CuMBECLANT) couuty, K. Jer. Situate S., and contains 
524 sq. m. Drained by Stow and Cohansey creeks, and 
Maurice and Tuekahoe rivers. Delaware Bay Ties on its 
S. S. W. border, and for a mile or two back the country 
consists of a salt marsh. Surface level. Soil light, but of an 
average fertility. It contains iron ore and beds of marl 
Glass and crockery are largely manufactured, and there 
are several extensive grist and saw mills. Farms SS4 
manuf. 190 ; dwell. 3.2S1, and pop.— wh. 16,170, fr. col. l,019i 
si. 0— total 17,1S9. Capital: Eridgeton. 

Cumberland county, N. Car. Situate centrally, and con- 
tains 1,1S0 sq. m. Drained by triljutaries of Cape Fear r., 
which passes through it in a general direction from N. to 
S., affording it a navigable channel to the sea. Surface 
undulating, with extensive v.alk-ys. Soils of average pro- 
ductiveness; Indian corn and cotton are its staples, and it 
has numerous cotton and other manufactures. Farms 959 ; 
manuf. 105 ; dwell. 2,531, and pop.— wh. 12,447, fr. col. 946, 
si. 7.217— total 20,610. Capital : Fayetteville. 

CuMBERLA>'D county, Penn. Situate S. middle, and con- 
tains 544 sq. m. Drained by Conedogwinet cr. anil Yellow 
Breeches r., tributaries of Susquehanna r. The surface is 
moderately uneven, sometimes hilly, and the soils have an 
excellent fertility. Iron ore, clays, etc., abundant. The 
chief products are wheat, Indian com, and onL**, and there 
is much flour produced. Farms l,S4-2 ; manuf. 25^ ; dwell. 
6,021, and pop.— wh. 33,370, fr. col. 957- total 34,327. Cap- 
ital : Carlisle. PKhlic Work-'^ : Cumberland Yalley R. R., etc. 

Cumberland county, Virg. Situate S. E. centrally, and 
contains 320 sq. m. Drained chiefly by Willis r. of James 
r., which bounds its N. side, and creeks of Appomattox r., 
which runs on its S. E. border. Surface moderately hilly. 
Soils of average fertilitv, pro<lueing the grains and large 

161 



CUM 



CUR 



quantities of tobacco. Farms SOS ; maniif. 9 ; dwell. 640, 
and pop— wh. 3,0S3, fr. col. 339, si. 6,8'29— total 9,751. Cap- 
ital : Cumberland C. II. 

CuMBEELAND, p. V., and cap. Alleghany cc, Md. : on the 
N. bank of tlie Potomac r., at the mouth of Wills' cr., 146 
m. "W. N. W. Annapolis, and by K. K. from Baltimore, 179 
m. It IB the centre of the vast mining region of Alleghany 
county, and an entrepfit on the great line of travel from the 
Atlantic to the Western Blatea. The Baltimore and Ohio 
E. R. passes through it, and hero commences the great Na- 
tional Road leading to the Mississippi river. The Chesa- 
peake and Ohio Canal also terminates here. Besides these 
great works of internal improvement, there are diverging 
from Cumberland several lines of railroads connecting with 
the various mines of the Cumberland Coal and Iron Com- 
panies. The village contains a court-house, the county 
prison, a market-house, two banks, and several fine build- 
ings, workshops, etc., connected with the pubUc works; 
also, several handsome church edifices. Three newspapers 
are published here weekly, the " C. Civilian" (whig), the 
"Alleghanian" (dem.), and the "Unionist" (neutral) — each 
circulating from 400 to 500 copies of each issue. In 1S50, 
the population of Cumberland was 6,067, of which 5,D76 
were white persons, 267 free colored persons, and '224 slaves, 
and hence it is the second town of Maryland in respect of 
population. In 1&40, the population was only 2,423, the in- 
crease in the subsequent decade having been 149.3 per 
centum. The coal of this region la semi-bituminous, of ex- 
cellent quality, and suitable for ocean steamships and a 
variety of other purposes to wbich the anthracite has 
hitherto been applied ; it is brought to the markets of the 
East on the railroad and canal to Baltimore, and thence is 
tugged through the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal, and 
the Delaware and Raritan Canal, to the harbor of New 
Tork. The quantity of this mineral delivered in Baltimore 
in 1S50 was 146,645 tons, and about 80,000 tons were depos- 
ited at Alexandria. The delivery at Baltimore in 1S45 was 
only 16,000 tons; in 1346, 18,893 tons; in 1847, 50,259 tons; 
1848, 66,289 tons ; in 1849, 71,699 tons ; and in 1850, as above 
related. In 1851, the delivery amounted to 163,855 tons, 
and is now increasing in a rapid ratio. The Coal Company 
have loaned money to the Baltimore and Ohio R. R. to fur- 
nish increased means of transportation, the want of which 
has alone been the cause of limiting the deposits. Cumber- 
land coal contains 77 parts of carbon, 16 parta of volatile 
matter, and 7 parts of ashes. The Cumberland Coal and 
Iron Company is an amalgamation of the several companies 
before existing in that vicinity under various names: it 
was organized by tke legislature of the State in 1S52 ; and 
now holds about 12,000 acres of mineral lands, and has a 
working capital of about $5,000,000. 

CtnuBEKLAND, p. V., MarioQ co., 7;w?. .* on the National 
Eoad and the Indiana Central R. R., 10 m. E. Indianapolis. 
It contains aljout 40 houses and 175 inhabitants. 

CuMBERLANP, p. V., Faycttc CO., III. : on the National 
Eoad, 6 m. E. Vandalia, and 67 m. S. S. E. Springfield. 

Cumberland, t. and p. o., Cumberland co., Me. : on 
Casco Bay, 44 m. S. S. W. Augusta. The position gives it 
great commercial advantages. The Kennebec and Port- 
land E. R. passes through tlic S. part of the t., 9 m. from 
Portland and 50 from Augusta. It has some manufactures 
and is engaged in the shore fisheries Poi>. 1,056, 

Cumberland, p. v., Guernsey co., Ohio: on Buffalo fork 
of Will's cr., ahranch of Muskingum r., 69 m. E. Columbus. 
It has several mills and factories and about 400 inhabitants. 

Cumberland, p. o., Grundy co., Tenn.: on ahranch of 
Caney fork of Cumberland r., 79 ra. S. E. Nashville. 

Cumberland, p. v., and cap. Cumberland co., Tlvg. : on 
a high and healthy ridge between Willis r. and Appomattox 
r., 44 m. W. by S. Richmond. It contains about 130 in- 
habitants. 

CrMBERLAND bay, N. T.: on the W. side of Lake 
Champlain, on the front of the v. of Plattaburg— it is forra- 
162 



ed by Cumberland llead, p, peninsula strttcbin2 into the 
lake 4 m., and is noted for a \ictory obtained by M'Donough 
over Downie, in the naval action of the 11th Sept., 1814. 

Cumberland Centre, p. c, Cumberland co., Me. : 45 m. 
S. S. W. Augusta. 

Cumberland Ford, p. o., Knox co., Kf/. : on Cumber- 
land r., 123 m. S. E. Frankfort. 

CuMBERLAJs-D Gap, p. o,, Knox CO., Ktj. : in the S. E. 
corner of co,, 132 m. S. E. Frankfort. 

Cumberland Hill, p. v., Providence co., H. I. : on the 
N. E. side of Blackstone r., 16 m. N. by W. Providence. 

Cumberland Iron Works, p. v., Stewart co., Tenn.: on 
the 8. W. side of Cumberland r., 10 m. E. S. E. Dover and 
54 m. W. N. W. NashvUlc. 

Cumberland river, A'y. and Te}in.: a large river, the 
sources of which are found in the Cumberland Mountains, 
interlocking with those of Clinch and Kentucky rivers. It 
flows through Kentucky wcstwardly about 200 miles, enters 
the State of Tennessee, and meandering 120 miles, again 
enters Kentucky, through which its course is north-west to 
the Ohio river, into which it falls 11_V miles above the mouth 
of the Tennessee river, and 60 miles above the mouth of the 
Ohio river. Its entire length is about 600 miles, and it 
drains a territory equal to about 17,500 square miles; it is 
navigable for large steamboats and vessels to Nashville, 203 
miles, and for boats of 15 tons 300 miles. At certain sea- 
sons of high water vessels of 400 tons may be brought down 
the river 400 miles to the Ohio ; and for half its length boats 
may navigate it at all seasons. The elevation of its sources 
are probably 1,200 feet above the level of the mouth of the 
river; it is the second river in size that falls into the Ohio, 
being inferior only to the Tennessee. Below Nashville, 
which lies on its south bank, the river is deep and narrow. 

CiTMBERLAND Vallet, t. and p. o., Bedford co., Penn. : 
between Evitt's Mountain and Will's Mountain, 103 m. 
W. S. W. Harrisburg. Drained by Evitt's cr., which runs 
through the valley. 

CuMiNsviLLE, p. v., Hamilton co., Ohio : on the line of 
the Cincinnati, Hamilton, and Dayton E. R., 52 m. from 
Cincinnati and 97 m. S. W. Columbus. It lies on the W. 
side of Mill cr., and contains several flouring and grist mills 
and about 250 inhabitants. 

CuMMiNG, p. v.. and cap. Forsyth co., Ga. : on the W. 
side of and 6 m. from Chattahoochee r., 94 m. N. W. 
Millcdgeville. 

CuMMiNGSviLLE, p. T., Itawamba co., 3fis8, : 217 m. N- E. 
Jackson. 

CuM-MiNGTON, p. V., Macoupin CO., lU. : 33 m. S. 8. W. 
Springfield. 

CuMMiNQToN, t. aud p. o., Hampshire co., Masf*.: on 
both sides of Wcslficld r., 104 m. W. Boston. Surface 
mountainous but excellent for grazing. Iron ore and soap- 
stone aboinid. It has several manufactures, among which 
are cotton aud wool. The r. aflbrds good water-power. 

CuMMiNOTON West Village, p. v., Hampshire co.. Mass, 

Cunningham's, p. o., Ba■^trop co., Tex.: on the W. fork 
of Pin Oak cr., a tributary of the Colorado r., 45 m. E. S. E. 
Austin City. 

Cunningham's Stoke, p. o., Perrin co., 2^. Car. : 02 m. 
N. N. W. Raleigh. 

CuRDSviLLE, p. v., Buckingham co., Tirg. : 02 m, W. 
Richmond. 

Cureton's Bridge, p. o., Henry co., Ala. : 100 m. S. E. 
Montgomery. 

CuEETos's Store, p. o., Lancaster dist., S. Car. : 69 m. 
N. N. E. Columbia. 

Curia, p. v., Independence co.. Ark. : 87 m. N. by E. 
LitUe Rock. 

CuRLi-sviLLE, p. v., Clarion co., Penn. : 173 m. W. N. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Currituck county, A' Car. Sitnate N. E. on Atlantic 
Ocean, and contains 576 aq. m. It comprises the whole 
sea-coast from the Virginia line to Ocracokc Inlet, including 



CUR 



DAK 



Koanoke Island. Currituck Inlot separates it into two parts, 
and affords facilities for navigation. Surface flat, and in 
some instances swampy. Soils generally sandy. Farms 
&()1; manuf. 0; dwell. 925, and pop.— wh. 4.600, fr. col.lS9, 
si. 2,447— total T,236. CapiUd: Currituck C. II. 

CuERiTucK, p. v., and cap. Currituck co., X. Car. : on 
the W. side of Currituck Sound. 16G m. E. N. E. Kaleigh. 

CniRT's Mills, p. o., Washington co., G(t. 

Cubby's Kun, p. o., Harrison co., Ky.: 44 m. N. E. 
Frankfort. 

Ctjetisville, p. v., Berkshire co., SLiss. : 12G m. "W. 
Boston. Il has several cotton mills, etc. 

CmwiNSTiLLE, p. v., Clearfield co., P'^iin. : on the N. 
side of Anderson's cr., near its junction with the "W. branch 
cf Susquehanna r., Ili2 m. N. W. l»y AV. Ilarrisburg. 

CcsH, p. T., Clearfleld co., renn.: lu7 m. N. W. by W. 
Ilarrisburg. 

CreniNG, t. and p. o., Lincoln co., Me.: on the "W. side 
of St. George's r., opposite the peninsular t, of St. George, 
3S m. S. E. Augusta. This t. was setlle<l by Irish emigrants 
as early as 1733, and here wns the celebrated stone fort 
erected by Major Burton. It has some commerce, and is 
much engaged in the shore flsherios. Top. 805, 

CrsniXGTiLLE, p. v.. Potter co., Pctw. .* 114 m. N. N. "W. 
Ilarrisburg. 

CrssAWAGO, t. and p. o., Crawford co., Pcnn.: 20S m. 
K. W. Harrisburg. 

CrpSETA. t. and p. v.. Chambers co., Ala.: on the Mont- 
gomery and West Toiut 11. it., 7S m. IVom Montgomery- and 
10 from West Point. 

Custaed's, p. 0., Crawford co., Prtiii. 

CuTcnoGUE, p. v., Suffolk co., X. Y. : on Iho line of the 
Long Island R. R., SO qi. from New York. 

CurnBERT, p. v., and cap. Randolph co.. Go, : on the line 
of the South Western R. R., 143 m. S. W. MilledgeTiUe. 

Cutler, t and p. o., W^ashington co., Me. : on the At- 
lantic Ocean, 132 m. E. Augusta. It contains Little 
Machias Bay and Little r., and is bounded W. by Machias 
Bay, and has a good harbor ; considerable commerce is car- 
ried on, and the shore fisherj' is successfully pursued. t'20. 

Cut Off, p. o., Walton co., Ga. 

Cut Off, p. o.. Drew co.. Ark: : 126 m. S. E. Little Rock. 

CcTrr>'GsviLLE, p. v., liutlaud co., Vez-^in. : G3 m. S. by W. 
Montpelier, 

Cuyahoga county, O^iio. Situate N. E. on Lake Erie, 
and contains 4S6 sq. m. Drained chiefly by Cuyahoga and 
Rocky rivers, which empty into the lake, and afford large 
water-power. Surface level, declining toward the N. Soils 
ever)'where of the highest fertility, producing the grains in 
abundance and grasses of the most nutritious quality. The 
climate is delightful. Farms 2,22S; manuf. 162; dwell. 
8,2S9, and pop.— wh. 47,745, tr. col. 354— total 43,099. Cap- 
ital: Cleveland. PuhUc Workii: Cleveland, Painesville, 
and Ashtabula K. R. ; Clevelan.l and PitlsburgR. E. ; Cleve- 
land. Columbus, and Cincinnati R. R. ; Cleveland and San- 
dusky R. R., etc., and the (tliio Canal. 

Cuyahoga Falls, p. v.. Summit co., Ohio: on the Cuy- 
ahoga r., at the falls, 109 m. N. E. Columbus. The r. hero 
has its greatest bend toward the S., and jiasses through a 
deep channel in the rocks, and by successive leaps falls in a 
short distance 240 feet, creating a great water-power. A 
considerable manuftictunng village has here sprung up, 
the destiny of which is as yet only foreshadowed. The 
Pennsylvania and Ohio Canal passes through the place, 
and the Akron Branch R. K., uniting with the Cleveland 
and Pittsburg K. R. at Hudson, connects it with those two 
important commercial centres. Pop. aliout 3,000. In the 
neighborhood bituminous coal is abundant, and is mined 
to a large extent 

CuTAnoGA river, Ohio : one of the most important rivers 
in northern Ohio. It rises in Geaiiga county, and runs 
southwardly through Portage county, where it gradually 
curves and courses through Sunmiit and Cuyahoga counties. 



in a direction N. N. W. to Lake Erie, into which it falls at 
Cleveland. It is more than 60 miles long ; it has numerous 
falls, and from its not being materially affected in its supply 
of water in the dry season, is exceedingly well adapted 
for mill and factory purposes. Along its banks several 
flourishing manufacturing villages have already sprung up, 
and there is every prospect of its becoming the focus of an 
immense manufacturing interest. The village at the great 
falls is destined to be a second Patterson or Lowell. The 
Ohio Canal runs along the valley of this stream about 85 
miles to near Akron, and crosses it by an aqueduct at Boston, 
23 miles S. of Cleveland. The mouth of the river, which 
has been improved and extended by piers, forms the harbor 
of Cleveland. 

CuTLEK, p. v.. Cortland co., X. Y. : on the Tioughnioga 
r., 112 m. W\ Alliany. 

Cuyleksville, p. v., Livingston co., X. Y.: 198 m. W. 
Albany. 

Cyntuiana. p. v., Pnsey co., Ind. : on Big cr. of Wabash 
r., 137 m. S. W. Indianapolis. 

CysTniANA, p. v., and cap. Harrison co., Kij. : on the E. 
side of the S. fork of Licking r., 39 ra. E. N. E. Frankfort 
It is a flourishing v., and has a weekly newspaper, the " C. 
News" (dem.) Pop. SOO. 

Cyntuiana, p. v., Pike co., Ohio: 62 m. S. by W. 
Columbus. Pop. \U. 

Cynthiana, p. v., Wapello co., la. : G6 m. S. W. Iowa City. 

CvpEEBS, p. o.. Union co., Ky. : on C>'pres3 cr., 173 m. 
W. by S. Frankfort 

C\PEEss, p. o., Scott CO., Mo. : in the swamp region in the 
S. E. part of the co., 4 m. W. of the Mississippi and 186 m. 
S. E. Jefferson City. 

Cypress Cheek, p. o., Bladen co., X. Car. : 6S m. S. by E. 
Raleigh. 

Cypress Crossing, p. c, Newton co., Tex. : on Sabine r., 
252 m. E. Austin City. 

Cypress Grove, p. c, New Hanover co., X. Car. : 97 m. 
S. E. Raleigh. 

Cyi'kkss Inn, p. o., Wa}-ne CO., T<nn.: SI m. S. S. W. 
Nashville. 

CvRUBTON, p. v., Lincoln CO., Ttnn.: 78 m. S. b} E. 
NashviUe. 



D. 



DicroSTiLLE, p. T., Pickens dist., S. Cat: : IIS m. W. N. W. 
Columbia. 

Dade county, Flm: Situate S., and contains about 3,840 
sq. m. The drainage is very imperfect, and, except along 
the shores, the whole is a swamp. The Pay-hai-o-kee, or 
Everglades, is almost entirely wilhin this county. These 
consist of an extensive grass meadow, covered from one to 
six feet deep with water, interspersed all over with islands 
of rich land and cypress swamps. These islands were safe 
retreats for the Seminoles during the war. The swamps 
are the abodes of alligators, serpents, and vennin of all 
kinds. The only really valuable land lies on the coast, and 
numerous small islands and keys, with which it is lined. 
Farms 6 ; manuf. 2 ; dwell. 23, and pop.— wb. 147, fr. col. 1, 
si. 11— total 169. CapiUil: Miami. 

Daue county, Ga. Situate N. W., and contains 240 sq. 
m. Drained chiefly by Lookout cr. of the Tennessee r. 
Surface mountainous, with fertile valleys. Crop.s various, 
including Indian corn, wheat, cotton, tobacco, etc., but nimc 
in such pn ponder.iting quantity as to mark it as a principal 
staple. Farms 235; manuf. 4; dwell. 421, and pop.— wh. 
2,632, fr. col. 0, si. ItS— total 2,030. Ccipitfit: Trenton. 
J'liblicWorts: Chattanooga and Nashville II. K. 

Dade county. Mo. Situate S. W., and contains 504 sq. 
m. Drained liy Sac r. and its tributaries. Surface undu- 
lating. Soils fertile. Farms 66"; manuf. 18; dwell. 659, 

163 



BAD 



DAL 



and pop.— wh. 3,976, fr. col. 1, si. 269— total 4,246. CapitiU : 
Greenfield. 

DADEvm^E, p. v., and cap. Tallapoosa co., Ala. : 45 ra. 
N. E. Montgomery, on a hiijlil.ind N. of Sandy cr., a tribu- 
tary of Tallapoosa r., from which latter it is distant E. about 
8 m. It contains the usual co. buildings, and about ISO 
inhabitants. 

Dadsville, p. v., Marion co., Teim. : S7 m. S. E. Nash- 
ville. 

Dagger's Spkdig, p. o., Botetourt co., I7?-/?. ; 109 m. W. 
Kicbmond. 

Daggett's Mills, p. o., Tioga co., P€n7i. : 106 m. N. by W. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Dagsborough, hund. and p. v., Sussex co., Bel. : on both 
sides of Pepper cr., which flows in a direction N. E. into 
Eehoboth Bay, 43 m. S. S. E. Dover. There are a numlu-r 
of grist and saw-milla on the r., and in the v. are several 
stores, etc The hund. contains 67,920 acres, and 2,512 
inhabitants. 

Dahloneqa, p. v., and cap. Lumpkin co., Ga. : on the E. 
side of Etowah r., and between that stream and Chestatee r., 
112 m. N. N. "W. Milledgeville. It is the central depOt of 
the Georgia gold field, and the site of a Branch Mint of the 
United States, at which gold only is coined. It contains 
also a court-house and other co. offices, several stores, and 
about 400 inhabitants. A newspaper, the " Mountain Sig- 
nal," is published weekly. 

Dahlo.vega, p. v., Wapello co., la. : about 4 m. N. of 
Des Moines r., and 61 m. S. W. Iowa City. 

Dailet's Cross Koads, p. o., Lowndes co., Miss. : 112 m. 
N. E. Jackson. 

Daingerfield, p. v., Titus co., Tejc. : on Boggy cr. of Big 
Cypress, 262 m. N. E. Austin City. 
Dairy, p. o., Scotland co.. Mo. : 134 m. N. Jefferson City. 
Dakotah county, Miiin-. Situate S., and contains 16,400 
sq. m., extending from the Mississippi to the Missouri. 
Ita E. half is chiefly drained by the Minnesota r. and its 
tributaries, and its W. half by Sioux r. and the Tc-han San- 
san, or Riviere a Jaques. Innumerable small and large lakes 
are interspersed throughout the co. The only part occu- 
pied by the whites is that immediately on the Mississippi r. 
Farms 00 ; manuf. 00 ; dwell. 7S, and pop. — wh. 5S2, fr. 
col. 2— total 5S4. Capital: Fort Sneliing. 

Dale county, Ala. Situate S. E., and contains SCO sq. m. 
Drained by the numerous tributaries of the Choclawatchie 
r., which traverses the co. from N. E. to S. W. Surface 
level, with a barren soil, except ^he hummocks and swamps, 
which are exceedingly fertile. The products are cotton, 
corn, etc., with rice and sugar. Farms 097 ; manuf. ; 
dwell. 92S, and pop.— wh. 5,623, fr. col. 2, si. 721— total 
6,846. Capital : Newton. 

Dale, p. o., Spencer co., Itid. : 128 m. S. by W. Indiana- 
polis. 
Dale, p. o., Wyoming co.. A''. Y. : 221 m. "W. Albany. 
Dale. p. o., Berks co., Petiti. : Gl m. E. Ilarrisburg. 
Daleville, p. v., Lauderdale co., Miss. : on Ponta cr., SS 
m. E. by N. Jackson, 

Daleville, p. v.. Dale co., Ala.: on the E. side of a 
branch of Choctaw-Uatchee r., 80 m. S. S. E. Montgomery. 
It was formerly the capital of the county. 

Daleville, p. v., Luzerne co., fenn.: 94 m. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Daley's, p. c, Montgomery co., Tewn. : 39 m. N. "W. 
Nashville. 

Dallas county, Ala. Situate S. centrally, and contains 
872 sq. m. Drained by tlie Alabama r., which here receives 
the Cahawba and other streams. Surface undulating, and 
soils, especially on the rivers, very fertile. Products, cotton, 
corn, and some rice. Farms 749 ; manuf. 32 ; dwell. 1,375, 
and pop.— wh. 7,461, fir. col. S. si. 22,25S— total 29,727. C<ip- 
ital : Cahav/ha. Puhlic Works: Selma and Tennessee 
Eiver li. K. ; the Selma and Mississippi \l. K. 
Dallas county. Ark. Situate between Saline and "Wash- 
104 



ita rivers, and contains 792 sq. m. Drained by creeks of the 
border rivers. Surface in some parts, hilly and uneven ; in 
others, rolling or level — everywhere diversified, an<l plenti- 
fully wooded. Soils generally of an average fertility, and 
productive of com and cotton. Farms 399 ; manuf. 9 ; 
dwell. 740, and pop.— wh. 4,833, fr. col. 2, si. 2,542— total 
6,S77. Cajntal: Princeton. 

Dallas county, la. Situate centrally, and contains 576 
sq, m. Drained by Beaver, Raccoon, and other creeks, 
tributaries of the Des Mtjines r. Surface chiefly rolling 
prairie, interspersed with timber. Soils excellent, being 
deep and rich. Farms UO ; manuf. 00 : dwell. 150, and pop. 
— wh. S54, fr. col. 0— total S54. Capital: Adell. Public 
Works: Council Bluffs R. R. (projected). 

Dallas county, Mo. Situate S. W., and contains 576 sq. 
m. Niangua r. and Little Niangua r. and their creeks drain 
the whole co. Surface undulating, and occasionally tim- 
bered. Soils indifferent. Iron ore abundant Farms 361 ; 
manuf. 3 ; dwell. 597, and pop. — wh. 3,552, fr. col. 8, si. 8S — 
total 3,64S. Capital : Buffalo. 

Dallas county, Tex. Situate N., and contains 920 sq. m. 
Drained by the upper streams of Trinity r., which spread 
over the whole co. Surface elevated and level, chiefly 
prairie. Soils of excellent fertility. Farms 17S; manuf. 1 ; 
dwell. 435, and pop.— wh. 2,536, fr. col. 0, si. 207— total 2,743. 
Capital : Dallas. 
Dallas, p. v., Pulaski co., A'y. ; 82 m. S.by E. Frankfort 
Dallas, p. v., Madison par., La. : 132 m. N. Baton 
Rouge. 

Dallas, p. v.. La Fayette co.. Miss.: 147 m. N. N. W. 
Jackson. 

Dallas, p. v., Greene co., Mo. : on the W. side of James 
r., the N. branch of White r., 129 m. S. S. W. Jefferson City. 
Dalla-S p. v., Highland co., Ohio: 66 m. S. S. W. 
Columbus. 

Dallas, t. and p. o., Luzerne co., Penn. : 93 m. N. E. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Dallas, p. t., and cap. Dallas co., Te3>. : on the E. side 
of Trinity r., 192 m. N. by E. Austin City. The " D. Her- 
ald"' (dem.) is the name of a weekly newspaper published 
in the village. 

Dallas, t and p. o., Clinton co., Mich. : 20 m. N. 'W. 
Lansing. I'op. Ib5. 

Dallas, p. v., Marsliall co., Virg. : 233 m. N. W. Rich- 
mond. 

Dallas, p. v., Gaston co., A^ Car. : 138 m. W. S. "W. 
Raleigh. 

Dallasbubgu, p. v., Owen co., Kt/. : 32 m. N. by E. 
Frankfort. 

Dallasburgu, p. v., Warren co., Ohio: 74 m. S. "W. 
Columbus. 

Dallas Cfit, p. v., Hancock co., HI: 91 m. N. W. 
Springfield. 
Dallastows, p. v., York co., Penn. : 42 m. S. Harrisburg. 
DAL.MATIA, p. v., Northumberland co., Penn. : 40 m. N. 
Harrisburg. 

Dalton, p. v., "Wayne co., Ind. : on the "W. side of Nettle 
cr., 50 m. E. by N. Indianapolis. 

Dalton, t and p. o., Berkshire co., Mass. : on the line of 
the Western R. R., lOS m. W. Boston. Drained by the E. 
branch of Housatonic r. It has several valuable manu- 
factures. Pop. 1,029. 

Dalton, t and p. v., Coos co.. A* TTamp. : on the E. side 
of Connecticut r., 72 m. N. by W. Concord. The Great or 
Fifteen Mile Falls connnonce in Dalton, and rush tumullu- 
ously along the N. W. border. The t is drained by John's 
r., and other streams. In the W. and S. the surface is hilly, 
and along the St John's the majestic white pine abounds. 
The v. or settlement is located on the river bank. P. 750. 

Dalton, p. v., Wajiic co., Ohio: on the line of the Akron 
and Millcrsburg R. R., 80 m. E. N. E. Columbus. 

Dalton, p. v., Murray co., Ga. : about 2 m. W. of Cona- 
sauga r., 147 m. N. W. Milledgeville. It is a new v. which 



BAM 



DAN 



has sprung up under the benign influeuce of railways, ant! 
ia one which will become a centre of population, commerce, 
and wealth. The Western and Atlantic K. R. passes through 
it 100 m. from Atlanta, and 40 ni. from Chattanooga, and at 
this point is intersected by the East Tennessee and Georgia 
E. K.. which runs 107 m. to KnoxvUle. A newspaper, the 
" D. Times" (dem.), is issued weekly. The v. contains sev- 
eral fine buildings and shops belonging to the li. 11. com- 
panies, and has about 600 inhabitants. 

Damarisootta Mills, p. v.. Linooin co., 3fe. : at the out- 
let of Damariscotta Pond, 20 m. S. S. E. Augusta. 

Damariscotta river, Me. : this r. has its source in ponds 
in JefTerson and Noblesborough ; its general course is south- 
erly, between Newcastle, Edgecomb, and Eoolhbay on the 
"W., and Bristol on the E. ; it is navigable for large shipping 
for 16 m. L.irge quantities of timber are brought down the 
r., and immerous merchant vessels are annually built on this 
broail arm of the sea. 

Damascoville, p. v., Columbiana co., Ohio: on the N. 
line of the co.. 126 m. N. E. by E. Columbus. It is a small 
Tillage of about 200 inhabitants. 

Dauasci's, t. and p. v., Henry co., Ohio: on the N. side 
of Maumee r., and of the Wabash and Erie Canal, 113 m. 
N. X. W. Columbus. Pop. 2o3. 

Damascus, t and p. v., "Wayne eo., Penn. : on the W. side 
of Delaware r., 12S ra. N. E. Ilarrisburg. The v. on tlie r., 
which is here spanned by a bridge 500 feet long, is a small 
settlement of 30 or 40 dwellings. 

Damascus, p. v., Spartanburg dist., S. Car. : SO m. N. W. 
Columbia, 

Damascus, p. v., Montgomery co., Mil. : at the head of 
Seneca cr., 62 m, N. W. Annapolis. 

Dan river, 2^. Car. and Virg. : mostly in Virginia, tlie 
Dan uniting with Staunton r. forms the Eoanoke. It has 
falls of 23 feet at Danville, but, by a canal around them, 
navigation is open for 100 m. from its mouth. 

Dana, t. and p. o., Worcester co., Muss. : 62 m. W. Bos- 
ton. A branch of Swift r. passes through the town. In the 
manufacture of palm-leaf hats there are numbers engaged 
— it is the principal manufacture. Pop. 842. 

Danborough, p. v., Bucks co., Pfim.: 92 m. E. Harris- 
burg, and about 3 m. N. of Doylestown. It contains about 
SO dwellings. 

DANBtTion, p. v., Wilkes co., Ga, : on the S. side of Broad 
r., 12 m. from its entrance into the Savannah r., and 6S m. 
N.N. E. MiUedgeviUe. 

Danbuby, t., p. b., and one of the capitals Fairfield co., 
Co7in.: 4S m. S. W. Hartford. Drained by a branch of 
Housatonic r., which furnishes good water-power. The 
borough is a pleasant village, built chiefly on one street. It 
contains 7 churches, and about 250 dwellings. The Dan- 
bury and Norwalk K. 11. has its N. terminus at this point. 
The t, has several manufactures, and supports a newspaper, 
the "D. Times," which is published weekly. Danbury was 
captured and burned by the British in the revolutionary 
war, and large quantities of militarj' stores seized — this oc- 
curred 26th April, 1777. In the battle the American gene- 
ral, Wooster, was killed. Pop. 5,964. 

Danburt, p. v., and cap. Stokes co., 2^. Car. : 104 m. 
N. W. by W. Ealeigh. 

Da-Nburv, t, and p. v.. Grafton co., i^ Uamp. : in the S. 
part of the co.. 29 m. N. W. Concord. The Northern R. K. 
passes through the t, 30 m. from West Lebanon. P. 1134. . 

Danby, t. and p. v., Tompkins co., K. Y.: about S m. S. 
Ithaca, and 134 m. W. by S. Albany. The surface is hilly, 
and the soils a gravelly loam : drained by Cattoiong cr. and 
its tribuUiries. The v. contains about 400 inhabitants. The 
L ha** a large number of saw-mills. Pop. 2,411. 

Danby, t and p. v.. Kutland co., Verm. : near the head 
waters of Otter cr., 67 m. S. by W. Montpelier. The surface 
Is generally rough, but the soils are highly productive. The 
L is noted for its butter and cheese. The Vermont Western 
E. It. passes through W?, S, E. comer. Pop. 1,535, 



Danby, t. and p. o., Ionia eo., Mkh.: on (iran'l r.. IS m. 
W. S. W. Lansing. Pop. 262. 

Danby Four Corners, p. o., Jutland co., Verm. : 66 ra. 
S. by W. Montpelier. 

Dancyville, p. v., HajTvood co., Tenn. : about 7 m. S. of 
Big Hatchee r., 149 m. W. S. W. Nashville. 

Dandeidge, p. v., and cap. Jefferson co., Tenn. : on the 
N. side of French Broad r., 192 m. E. Nash\ille. It con- 
tains the usual co. buildings, several stores, and about SO 
dwellings. It has a considerable trade in the vicinity. 

Dane county, Wisr. Situate S. centrally, and contains 
1.235 sq. m. Drained by Black Earth, Blue Mound, and 
other tributaries of Wisconsin r., which washes its N. W. 
comer, and by Catfish r., Sugar r., an<l other affluents of 
Pock r. In its centre are the Four Lakes, renowned for 
their beauty. The level of Fourth Lake, above the Atlan- 
tic, is 7SS feet, and above Lake Michigan. 210 feet. Surface 
generally rolling; bills and valleys succeeding each other; 
the bills seldom abrupt, and arable to their summits ; the val- 
leys well watered and seldom marshy. Soils gentcally black 
vegetable mold, sometimes loamy, and occasionally clay 
mixed with saml. Tlie underlying rocks are chiefly calca- 
reous. Farms 1.501; manuf. 87; dwell. 2.303. and jjop.— 
wh. 16,61S, fr. col. 23— total 16,641. Capital: Madison. 
Puhlic Woiku : Milwaukee and Mississippi R. R. 

Dane, t, and p. o., Dane co.. Wine. : 12 m. N. N.W. Madi- 
son. Pop. 2S7. 

Daniel's Mills, p. o., Pierson co., K. Car. : 53 m. N. N.W. 
Raleigh. 

Daxielstille, p. v., and cap. Madison co., Ga. : on the 
high land between C'conee and Broad rivers, 74 m. N. Mil- 
ledgeviUe. It contains the usual co. ofl5ees, a jail, an 
academy, and about 25 or 30 stores and dweUings. 

Danielsville, p. v., Dickson co., Te/m. : 37 m. W. 
Nashville. 

Danielstille, p. v., Spottsylvania co., Virff. : on one 
of the head branches of North Anna r., 49 ra. N. N. W. 
Richmond. Cti.ld is found in this region of countrj- to a 
considerable extent. 

Danielton, p. v., Beaufort dist., S. Ca7: : 113 m. S. by W. 
Columbia. 

Dannemora, p. v., Clinton co., X. Y. : about 2 m. N. of 
Saranac r., 10 m. W. by N. Plattsburg, and 137 m. N. Albany. 
Dansville, p. v., Livingston eo., A''. Y.: on Canaseraga 
r., a tributary of Genesee r., 1S)S ra. W. by S. Albany. Here 
are a succession of falls, within the distance of 1 J ra., affording 
a large power, and the v. contains several factories and mills, 
as i>aper-mills, flouring-mills. etc., and furnaces. Dansrille 
has three weekly newspapers, and one serai-monthly, viz., 
the "D. Herald" (whig), the '■ D. Courier" (dem.), the "D. 
Chronicle'' (,dem.), weeklies, and '*Trembly's Advertiser,-* 
pul)iished semi-monthly. The Dansville Branch of the . 
Genesee Valley Canal extends hence 11 m. to the main 
canal, which it joins near the v. of Mt. Morris. Pop. 1,S00. 
Dantou, p. v., Tishemingo co., Mi4s. : 19S m. N. E. 
Jackson. 

Danube, t. and p. v., Herkimer co., iP! Y.: on the S. of 
the Mohawk r., 5S m. W. N. W. Albany. The surface is 
undulating: soils sandy and calcareous loam: drained by 
Nowadaga cr. The Erie Canal, on which the v. of Danube 
is located, passes through the N. part of the town, following 
the Valley of the Mohawk. Pop. 1,730. 

Danykrs, t. and p. v., Essex co., Mass. : 14 m. N. Boston, 
The soils are fertile and well cultivated. The principal v. is 
virtually a suburb of Salem, the streets being conlinuoas. 
There is another v. in the N. part of the f., on Beverly r., 
at which numerous ships are annually built. Both these 
tillages can be approached by vessels of considerable bur- 
den, and both have considerable trade and manufactures, 
principally in leather and its products. Pop. S.IIO. The 
Salem and Lowell R. R. passes through the tt)wnship. 

DAN\aLLE, p. v., and cap. Yell co., Ark. : on Petite Jean 
cr., G7 m. W. N. W. Little Rock. 

165 



DAN 

Danvule, p. v., Sumter co., Gn. : on Ihc W. bank of 
Flint r., 86 m. S. W. by S. Millerigfvillc. 

Danville, p. v., and cap. Vi-rmillion CO., Ill : on the 
N. bank of Big Vermillion r., immediately below tlie junc- 
tion of its North and Salt Forks, 128 m. E. by N. Spring- 
field. It is a large and flourishing place, and has two 
newspapers, the "D. Herald" (dem.), and the "D. Citizen" 
(whig), both issued weekly. Pop. 1,200. The surrounding 
country is fertile and populous. 

Danville, p. v., and cap. Hendricks CO., Ind. : on the 
W. side of the W. fork of While Lick er., 20 m. W. Indian- 
apolis. The site of the v. is elevated, and commands a line 
prospect It contains a handsome brick C. IT. and other 
CO. offices. Pop. 700. It was Hrst settled in 1826. The 
"Advertiser" (whig) is published weekly. 

Danvilu:, p. v., and cap. Boyle co., Ki/. : on a small cr. 
of Dick's r., about 3 m. from its confluence, and 38 m. 8. by 
E. Frankfort. The line of the projected NashviUo and 
Lexington E. E. passes through the v., making it an im- 
portant trading place. It is the seat of the Centre College, 
and also of the Kentucky Deaf and Dumb Asylum. The 
college was founded in 1S20, and in 1850 had a president 
and 7 professors, 8G3 alumni, and 152 students, with a 
library of nearly 6,000 volumes. The asylum had CO in- 
mates on the 1st Jan., 1851. Pop. about 1,600. 

Danville, t. and p. v., Cumberland co.. Me. : on the W. 
Bide of Androscoggin r., 81 m. 8. W. Augusta. It is chiefly 
devoted to agriculture. The Androscoggin and Kennebec 
E. E. here diverges from the Atl. and St. Law. U.K. P. 1 ,0 o6. 

Danville, p. v., Tishemingo co., Miss. : 202 m. N. E. 
Jackson. 

Danville, p. v., and cap. Montgomery CO., Mo. : on the 
E. of and about 8 m. from the I.outre r., a tributary of the 
Missouri, 43 m. N. E. by E. Jefferson City. 

Danville, t. and p. o., PLOekingham co., K ITamp. : 80 
m. S. E. Concord. Achusnut r. passes over the N. W. cor- 
ner, and there are several ponds in the town. The surface 
is uneven, and the soils in most parts good. Pop. 1,014. 

Danville, p. o., Warren co., 2f^ Jer. : 66 m. N. by W. 
Trenton. 

Danville, p. v., Knox co., 0!iio. : about 4 m. W. of 
Walhonding r., and 63 N. E. Columbus. 

Danville, p. v., and cap. Montour CO., Penn.: on the 
N. side of the N. branch of Susquehanna r., at the entrance 
of Mahoning er., and on the line of the North Branch 
Division of the Pennsylvania Canal, 12 m. above Northum- 
berland, and 80 m. N. by E. Harrisburg. A bridge here 
crosses the Susquehanna r. The v. contains several church- 
es, stores, and about 8,800 inhabitant-s, and it has a consid- 
eral)Io trade with the neighboring interior. Two newspa- 
pers, the " D. Democrat" (whig), and the " D. InteUi- 
gencer" (dem.), are issued weekly. 

Danville, t., p. v., and cap. Caledonia CO., Verm. : 24 
m. N. E. Montpelier. The v. is jileasantly situated near the 
centre of the t, and is surrounded by a fine fanning coun- 
try, well drained by tril>utarie3 of Passumsic r.. which also 
afford mill-power. The t. has considerable manufactures ; 
and a newspaper, the "North Star." Pop. 3,577. 

Danville, p. v., Pittsylvania co., Virg. : on the N. side of 
Dan r., 123 m. S. W. by W. Kichmond. The falls at this 
point, which is tlie head of boat navigation, afford great 
water-power, and this is extensively used for manufacturing 
and milling purposes. Tlie v. is located on high ground, 
gradually rising from the river to a commanding eminence, 
from which the view of the vicinity is extensive and beau- 
tiful. Danville has become a place of extensive trade, and 
is a depot for the immense products of a wide country. It 
has large tobacco warehouses, numerous stores, and about 
1,400 inhabitants, and here is published the " D. Eegisler," 
a weekly newspaper. The Eichmond and Danville E. E. 
has its 8. terminus at this point. 

Danville, p. v., Montgomery co., Tex. : 153 m. E. 
Austin City. 
106 



DAR 

Danville, p. v., Des Moines co., la. : about 4 m. N. of 
Skunk r., and 57 m. 8. by E. Iowa City. 

Dan "Webster, p. v., Henry co.^ Ind. : 4S m. E. by N. 
Indianapolis. The great slate.iinan from whom the name 
of this p. 0. is derived died on the 24th Oct., 1S52. 

Daebt, t. and p. v., Delaware co., Penn. : 87 m. E. by 8. 
Harrisburg. The v., on- Darby er., has about SCO inhab- 
itants, most part of whom are Quakers. The t. is divided 
into ITpper Darby and Lower Darby, and has 1,422 inhab- 
itants. 

Dahby, p. v., Franklin CO., 0!il(j : 12 m. W. Columbus, 
on the E. of Big Darby creek. 

Daeby Ceeek, p. o., Madison CO., Ohio : on Big Darby 
cr., 16 m. W. by N. Columbus. 

Daebt Plains, p. o.. Union CO., Ohifi : near Big Darby 
r., 23 m. N. W. Columbus. 

Darby's, p. o., Columbia co., Ga. : 76 m. E. N. E. 
Milledgeville. 

Dakbyville, p. v., Pickaway co., Ohio : on the W. side 
otBig Darby cr., 22 m. 8. by W. Columbus. Pop. about 400. 

Daedanelle, p. v.. Pope eo.. Ark. : on the 8. bank of 
Arkansas r., 61 m. W. N. W. Little Eock. Near this, on 
both sides the r., are rocky ridges, which are called the 
Dardanelles. Pop. 300. 

DARtEN, t, and p. v., Fairfield CO., Conn. : on Long Island 
Sound, 03 m. S. W. Hartford. The surface is undulating, 
and the soil excellent. The v. is on a small stream which 
sets up from the Sound, and has some coasting trade with 
New York. It is also on the line of the New Tork and 
New Haven E. E. Pop. 1,454. 

Darien, p. v., and cap. M'Intosh co., Ga. : on theN. side 
of Alatam.aha r., 13 m. above the bar at the entrance of the 
Sound, 166 m. S. E. Milledgeville. The bar has 14 feet of 
water. The v. has progressed rapidly, and has the appear- 
ance of a place of considerable commerce. It is the natural 
port for all the country watered by the Alatamaha and 
branches, one of which, the Oconee, is navigable to Milledge- 
ville ; and the other, the Ocmulgce, to Macon. To Savannah 
and Charleston, regular lines of steamboats are plied, and 
the coasting trade of the port is large and valuable. 

Daeien, t. and p. v., Genesee eo., JV; T. : about 12 m. 8.W. 
Batavia, and 232 m. W. Albany. The v. lies on the line of 
the Buffalo and New Tork Cily E. E.,27 m. lyom Buffalo, 
and contains about 300 inhabitants. The t. is drained by 
Ellicolt's cr. and other tributaries of Tonawanda r. Itssur- 
face is hilly, and soils clayey and calcareous. 

Daeien, t. and p. v., Walworth eo.. Wise. : 64 m. S. E. 
Madison. The surface is drained by Turtle er. and its tril)- 
utaries. The v. is in a fine elevated tract to the 8. of the 
creek. Pop. of 1.1,01.3. 

Darien Centre, p. v., Genesee co., N". T. : on the lino 
of the Buffalo and New Tork City E. K., 25 m. from Bufl'a- 
lo, and 234 W. Albany. 

Darien Dep6t, p. o., Fairfield CO., Conn. : on the line of 
the New Tork and New Haven E. E., 63 m. S. W. Hartford. 

Daek Coeneb, p. o., Campbell co., Ga. : 106 m.W. N. W. 
Milledgeville. 

Dark Cobnee, p. 0., Do Soto co., Miss. : 16S m. N. 
Jackson. 

Darke county, Ohio. Situate W. on Indiana 8tate line, 
and contains 714 sq. m. Drained by Stillwater, Greenville, 
and Panther creeks, tributaries of Miami r., and which 
afford large mill-power. Surface generally level. Soils 
fertile. It is an excellent grain county. Farms 3,151 ; 
manuf. 10; dwell. 3,476. and pop.— wh. 20,111, fr. col. 163 
—total 30,274. Cajiiltil : Greenville. PuUic Works : Belle- 
fontaine and Indiana E. E. ; Dayton and Greenville E. E., 
and its Extension, etc. Fort Eccovery, in the N. W. of 
the county, was erected by General Wayne, 1795, on the 
spot where three years before General St. Clair had sutiered 
his memorable defeat by the Indians. 

Darke, p. o., Darke Co., Oiiio: 98 m. W. Columbus. 
Daekesville, p. v., Berkeley eo., Vir(/. ; on Sulphur 



BAR 



1)AV 



Sprmg:3 cr- a hranch of'Opequnn cr. of the Potomac r, V27 
in. N. by V^'. Kii-hnmn,!. 

DARLiN<iTON ilislrict. N. I 'iir. Situate E. centrally, and 
contains 1.050 sq. in. Drained iiy Black and other creeks 
of Great Pedeo r., whieh hounds it on tlie N. E., and by 
nunu-nuis aflUientH of i.ynfh's er., which washes ita S. W. 
liurdi-r. .Surf;iL-e sliglilly undulatinu'. Soils sandy and 
litrjit. except on Uie margins of the slreanis, where It is very 
fertile. The chief products are cotton and Indian corn, 
Willi some wheats oats, ete. Farms SIJT ; manuf. 26 ; dwell. 
1.813, and pop.— wh. (Jjr.O, fr. col. 39, sL 10,041— total 1G,S30. 
Capital: BarUngton C. 11. J'uhiic Work,^: Wihnington 
and Manchester K. i;. 

Darlington, p. v., HFontcoincry co., Itul. : on tlic S. -"idc 
of Su^ar cr. of Eoclc r., 4'2 ni. N. \y. Indianapolis. 

DARi.tNGTox, p. v., St. lUIeiia par.. La.: 3s m. N. E. 
Baton Kouge. 

Darlington, p. v., Harford co., 3/d. : on tlie AV. side of 
the Susquehanna r., about 2 m. distant f^oin it, and 40 ni. 
N. by E. Annapolis. 

Darlington, p. o., Beaver co., Pemi.: on Liltle Beaver 
cr., 197 m. "W. by N. Harrisburg. It haa about 400 inhab- 
itants. 

Darlington Court-IIouse, j>. v., an<l cap. Darlinirlon 
dist., yiS'. Car. : on Swift cr., a tributary of Black cr. ofiireat 
Pedee r., 69 m. E. N. E. Columbia. It is a v. of about :>m 
inhabitants, and lies about " ni. W. of Black creek. 

Darlington IlEiGnTS, J). o., Prince Edward co., Viiy. : 
61 m. S. W. by W. Richmond. 

Daenestown, p. v., Monlfromcry co.. Md. : on theS. side 
of Seneca cr., 51 m. W. N. W. Annapohs. 

Daeetown, p. v., Butler co., Ohio: on the line of Ihe 
Junction E. E., 96 m. W. S. W. Columbus. 

Daettop.d, p. v., Marquette co., TIVsc; 52 m. N. I)y E. 
Madison. 

Dartmouth, t. and p. v., Bristol co., Mass. : 52 m. S. Eos- 
ton. It has Buzzard's Bay on the S. E., and Is penetrated 
by several inlets from it, one of which receives Aponiganset 
r, which is navigable to near the miiUlle of the town. The 
manufacture of salt, ship-buildiusr, and the whale and coast 
fisheries, are the chief employments of the inliabitanls. 
Pop. 3,S0S. 

Dakvill's, p. 0., Dinwiddie co., Virri.: '^1 m. S. \V. 
Uichmond. 

Darwin, p. v., and cap. Clark co.. III. : on the W. bank 
of Wabash r, 112 m. E. S. E. Springfield. It is a flourish- 
ing place, and contains about 300 inhabitants. 

Dakttsaw, p. 0., Jefferson co., ArJc. : 49 m. S. by E. 
Jefferson City. 

DAUpntN county, Pcnii. Situate S. E. centrally, and con- 
tains 60S sq. m. The Susquehanna washes the co. on the 
"W. and S. "W., and its tributaries, Mahantango, Powell's, 
and Swatara creeks, drain the interior. Surface rough, 
hilly, and in some parts mountainous. Soils generally fer- 
tile, producing all the grains abundantly, and tobacco. Iron 
and coal are rained in inmiense quantities, and there are 
several potteries in operation. The Dauphin co, coal is 
considered one of the best qualities in market. Farms 1,056 ; 
manuf. 253 ; dwell. 0,033, and pop.— wh. 31,491, fr. col. 1.203 
—total 35,754. Capital: Ilarrisburg. PnUic Worl-.t : 
Pennsylvania Canal ; Union Canal; LaneasU:-r and Harris- 
burg E. E. ; Pennsylvania K. R., etc. 

Dattphin, p. v., Dauphin co., Penn.: on the IC. .■^ide of 
Susquehanna r., 8 m. N. Ilarrisburg. It is a thriving v. of 
1.451 inhabitants. The lino of the Main Division of the 
Pennsylvania Canal passes through it, 34 m.from Columbia. 

Davenport, p. v., and Ciip. Scott eo., Ta. : on the W. sitle 
of the Mississippi r., opposite Eock Island, and 51 m. E. by 
S. Iowa City. The site is 100 m. below Galena, and 338 
above St. Louis. A large amount of business is transacted 
here, and it is destined to become a place of importance, in 
rnnnection with the railroad system of the West. It is now 
connected with Chicago by R. R., and a E. R. is projected 



hence to Council Bluffs and the Pacific corust. It already 
supports two newspapers, the " D. Gazette" (whig), and the 
"Democratic Banner," both published weekly. Pop. 3,400. 

Davenport, t. and p. v., Delaware co., A'". Y. : 57 m. 
W. S. W. Albany. Surface hilly, and soils argillaceous 
loam. Drained by Charlotte r. and its tributaries. Tlie v. 
lies on the S. side of Charlotte r., and on the Cat-ikiU Post 
Road. Pop. 2.305. 

Davenport Centrk. p. v.. Dehiware co., N. >'. ; on the 
S side of Charlotte r., 61 m. W. S. W. Albany. 

Davidson county, X. Car. Situate centrally, and con- 
tains 3S0 sq. m. Drained by numerous creeks of Vadkin 
r., wliich forms its W. and S. W. borders. Surface undu- 
lating. Soils ferlile. Products, wheat and Indian corn, 
with <-otton and tobacca I-'urms 1,L'31 ; manuf is; dwell. 
2,30.^. and i>op.— wh. 12,139, fr. col. 1^9, si. 2,992— total 
15,3_'o. Cajfitdl: Lexington. 

Dav iDsoN county, y^w/j. Situate ceulrally, and contains 
720 s<|. m. Drained liy numerous creeks of the Cumber- 
hind r., which passes through it from E. to W. Surface 
undidating, and agreeably varied. Soils fertile, and pro- 
ductive of all the grains, with cotton and tobacco in con- 
siderable quantities. Immense numbers of live-stock are 
ownetl in tlie co.. and much live and salt provisions export- 
ed. Manufactures and commerce have also materially ad- 
v:iu<-cd of late years. Farms 1,3S4; manuf. 169 ; dwell. 
4.257, and i>o]).— wh. 23,l*i58, fr. col. S48, si. 14,175— total 
o^.Hfd. Cajtiful : Nashville. Puhlic Workti : Nashville 
and t'hattanooga li. R. ; Nashville and Cincitmali E. E. ; 
Nashville and Louisville E. E.; Nashville and Henderson 
R. R. ; Nashville and Mississii)pi E. R., etc.; and two rail- 
loads from Nashville to meet (he Southern lines pointing 
toward th(! north. 

Davidson, p. v., Harrison co., lud.: 112 m. S. by "W. 
Indianajiolis. 

Davidson, Land p. v., Sullivan co., Perm.: SOm.N. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Davidson Ckntrk, p. o., Genesee co., Midi. : 56 m. 
E. N. E. Lansing. 

Davidson College, p. o., Mecklenburgh co., X. Car.: 
in the N. ptirt of the co., between Rocky r. of the Tadkin 
and Davidson's er. of Calawba r., 114 m. W. by S. Raleigh. 
It is located in an elevated and healthy region. The college 
that gives name to the p. o. was founded in 1S3S, and in 
1S50 had a president and 4 professors, and 60 students. Its 
alumni numbere<i 140, of wliich 24 were ministers. The 
litjrary has 5,000 vols, of well-selected books in all branches 
of learning. 

Davidson's Eivek, p. o., Henderson co., X. Car. : on the 
r. so called, one of tlie head streams of French Broad r., 
204 m. W. by S. Ealcigh. 

Davidson viLLE, p. v., Anno Armidcl co., Md.: on the 
W. side of South r., at its head, 10 m. "W. Annapolis. 

DwipsviLLE, p. v., Somerset co., Penn. : 117 ni.W. by S. 
HaiTJsburg. 

Davidsville, ]). v., Franklin co., Temi. : 7S m. S. E. 
Nashville. 

Davii: (wuiily, ,V. Car. Situate centrally, and contains 
ISO sq. m. Drained wholly by creeks of Tadkin r., which 
lies on its IC. border. Surface undulating. Soils fertile, 
producing cotinn, tobacco, and the grains generally. Farms 
404; manuf. 37; dwell. 1,027, and ?)op,—wh. 5,613, fr. col. 
S2, si. 2,171— total 7,fi66. Capital,: Moeksville. 

Daviess county, Ittd. Situate S. W.. and contains 420 
sq. m. The forks of Whiter, form its boundaries W. and 
S., and their many tributaries spread over every part of the 
county. In the N. E. the surface is rolling and heavily 
timbered ; the N. W. level, and interspersed with prairies 
and skirts of timber; the centre barrens, and the S. and E. 
undulating and heavily timbered. Tlie soils are various, 
from .san.iy to pure clay. The bottoms of White r. are a 
rich black loam. Farms 1,221 ; manuf. 11 ; dwell. 1,S08, 
and pop.— wh. 10,308, fr. col. 44— total 10,352. Capital: 

167 



DAV 



DAY 



■Washinglon. P>ihUc Works : Cincinnati and St. Louis 
K. K. : and Wabash and Erie Canal. 

Daviess county, K;,. Situate N. W., and contains 400 
so. m. Drained bv creeks flowing N. into the Oh,o r.. 
,vhich forms the boundary in tliat .lireclion, and by creeks 
flowing S. into Green r., which bounds the county ». Sur- 
face uneven. Soils ordinarily fertUe, and producing the 
cereals, tobacco, etc., in ..bun.lance. Farms 1,05T ; manut 
is; dwell. 1,0.31, and pop.-wh. 9,423, fl'. col. 50, sL 2,880- 
lot'al 12,3."i3. C(i:(/itoi; Oweusburgh. 

Datiiiss county. Mo. Situate N. W., and contains 5.6 
sq m. Drained by Grand r. and its numcrons and wide- 
spreading tributaries. Surface chiefly undulating prairie ; 
■ind the soils cvervwhere fertile and productive. Indian 
eorn and tobacco are largely grown-the other cereals to a 
less amount. Farms 342 ; manuf. 3 ; dwell. 784, and pop.- 
wh. 5,056, fr. col. 1, si. 241-totiiI 6,293. Capital : Gallatin. 
DA-ns county, la. Situate S. on the Missouri line, and 
contains 504 sq. m. Drained in the N. by So.ip and Che- 
quest creeks of Des Moines r., and in the S. by the head 
waters of Fox. Wyaconda, North Fabiiis, and other rivers 
flowing into tlie Mississippi. The surface is beautifully 
diversified, chiefly undulating prairie, with frequent groves 
of timber. Soils of unsurp;tssed fertility. Farms 013; 
nianuf 11 ; dwell. 1,1811, and pop.-wh. 7,257, fr. col. 7— 
total 7,2G4. Capittil: Blooniflcld. 

Davis couniy, Utith Ter. Situate N. middle, and contains 
about 1,800 sq. m. Drained by Weber r., the river .Jordan, 
ami other streams falling into the Great Rait Lake, which 
forms its W. bouiidar). Surface hilly, with ferlili- valleys, 
liear Kiver mountains spread over ils eastern seelioiis. .\s 
■I firming county it luus excellent facililios. Farms 112; 
manuf. 1 ; dwell. 215. and pop.-wh. 1,184, fr. col. 0-total 
1.1.<)4. Capita!: Farminglon. 

DAVisBOEOUon, p. v., Washington co., Ga. : on the line 
of the Central K. R., 122 m. from Savannah, and 46 m. 
E. by S. Milledgcville. It contains about 60 dwellings. 

Davis' Cheek, p. o., Washington Co., la. : 17 m. S. 
Iowa City. 

Davis' Cref.k, p. o., Dubois Co., Iiu!.: on the cr. so 
called, 100 m. S. S. W. Indianapolis. 

Davis' Cheek, p. o., Fayette co., Ala. ; on the cr. so 
called, 134 m. N. W. Montgomery. 

Davis' Mills, p. o., Barnwell dist., 5. Car. : 62 m. S. S.W. 
Columbia. 

Davis' Mills, p. o., Bedford co., Virff. : on Goose cr., a 
tributary of Eoanoke r., 117 m. W. by S. Eiehmond 

Davison viLLE, p. v., Genesee co., Mich. : 61 m. E. N. E. 
Lansing. 

Davis' Stobe, p. c, Bedford co., Virg. : 108 m. W. by S. 
liiehmond. 

Davistox, p. v., Talbot CO., Ga. : on the Macon and Co- 
lumbus Turnpike, 79 m. W. 8. W. MiUedgeville. 

Davistows, p. v., Greene co., Pmn. : 193 m. W. by S. 
llarrisburg. 
Davisville, p. v., Bucks co., renn. : 91 m. E. Harrisburg. 
Daw-esville, p. v., Cherokee co., K Car. : 814 m.W. by S. 
Raleigh. 

DAWi;ra'8 Mills, p. o., Jackson co., 0/iio : 72 m. S. by E. 
Columbus. 

Dawsox, p. v., Habersham Co., Ga. : 128 m. N. Mil- 
ledge vide. 

Dawsonbceoii, p. v., Fremont co., Ja. : 224 m. W. by S. 
Iowa City. 

Da-wson's, p. 0., Alleghany co., Mil. : on the N. W. side 
of the Potomac r., 11 m. S. W. Cumberland. 

Dav, t. and p. v., Saratoga co., iV. )'. .- in the N. W. corner 
of the CO., 40 ni. N. by W. Albany. The surface is liUly. the 
Kayaderosseras Mountains extending across the town, and 
the most arable lands are those of the Sacandaga r., which 
flows through it. The v. lies on the N. side of r. P. 1,0.15. 
Day's La.nding, p. o., York co., rerm.: on the W. side 
of Susquehanna r., 81 m. S. S. E. Harrisburg. 
168 



Day's Stoke, p. o., Hopkins co., i'y. : 168 m. W. S. W. 

FrankforL 

Daysville, p. v.. Ogle co., Ili. : 157 m. N. Springfield. 

Daysville. p. v., Todd co., Ay. ; 152 m. S.W. Frankfort. 

Dayton, ji. v., Marengo co.. Aid.: on a cr. of the Boguo 

Chickasaw, a tributary of Tombigbee r. from the E., SI m.W. 

Montgomery. 

Dayton, p. v.. La Salle co., TU. : on the W. side of Des- 
plaines r., 6 m. N. E. Ottawa, and 113 m. N. by E. Spring- 
field. It is a thriving v., wilh about 250 inhabiuinls. 

Dayton, p. v., Tippecanoe Co., Iitd. : on the W. side of 
the W. Fork of Ponceapichoux or Wild Cat r., 54 m. N.W. 
IiidianapolLs. 

Dayton, t. and p. v., Cattaraugus co., Jf. Y. : on Conc- 
wango cr., and drained by its tribuiaries. Surface undu- 
lating, and soils clay and gravelly loam. The v. lies on the 
line of the Erie E. R., 22 m. fl-om Dunkirk, and 202 W. S.W. 
Albany. Pop. of t. 1,W3. 

Dayton, t., p. city, and cap. Montgomery co., Ohio: at 
the confluence of the Mad .and Miami rivers, in lat. 39° «' 
N., and long. 84° 11' W., 60 m. W. S. W. Columbus. II w 
one of those new centres of trade and commerce which 
have sprung up in the Great West wilh the progress of in- 
ternal improvements, and which, during the decade ending 
with 1S50, liave been so wonderfully developed. The 
ground on which the city is built was originally purchased 
by John Cleve Symmes about the year 1795, and afterward 
it appears that Governor St. Clair and Jonathan DayUin, 
with several associates, contracted with Symmes for the 
purchase and settlement of so much of the original purchase 
as was included in the coi-porate limits of the present city. 
The embrvo town received tlie name of Dayton. Symmes 
being unable to meet his payments, the land reverted to the 
government, and afterward (in 1799), Daniel C. Cooper, of 
New Jersey, succeeded to the proprietorship. The town 
was then laid out upon a plan originally furnished by SI. 
Clair wilh streets 100 feet wide, crossing each other at right 
angles. The town plot was divided into 2S0 lots, 100 feet 
front by 200 feet in deplh ; and upward of 60 out-lots of 10 
acres each were laid ofl- at the same time. But it was not 
till within the present century th.it the town had a tangible 
existence. In 1S05 it was incorporated by the Legislature, 
and in 1806 the first brick dwelling was erected; and in 
ISIO it had only SS3 inhabilanls. Its progress, indeed, 
seems to have been quite slow until the completion of the 
internal improvements connecting it with the commercial 
centres of the West were completed. In 1820 the inhab- 
itants numbered 1,0.39; in 1S30, 2.954; in )S40, 6,067; and 
in 1860, 10,977. In 1S29 the Miami Canal, between Cincin- 
nati and Dayton, was completed, and on the 2.'ith January 
of that year a canal boat traversed the distance (00 miles) 
between the two places. From this date the prosperity of 
Dayton commences. At a later period the canal was 
opened to Lake Erie. The amount of tolls collected at the 
port of Dayton, in 1841, was $27,058; in 1S50, $32,876. 
There are also now upward of 260 miles of M'Adain roads 
radiating from the city in all directions; and it is now con- 
nected, through the foUowing railroads, wilh all Ihe principal 
points of the Union : the Mad River and Erie R. R., 156 m., 
terminating at Sandusky ; the Cincinnati, Hamilton, and 
Dayton II. R., 60 m., terminating at Cincinnati; the Little 
Miami R. R., 84 m., at Springfleld ; the Dayton and Western 
R.R. 40 m., at the State line; the Greenville and Miaiiv 
n. R.', 86 m., at Greenville and Union; the DayUui an4 
Michigan R. R., 140 nl., at Toledo; and the DayUin ani 
Xenial 16 m., at Xenia. These connect wilh lines reachinj 
the length and breadth of the United States; and a contin 
uous line of railroad is under contract from a point on Hit 
Ohio r., connecting with the Baltimore and Ohio R. R. to 
Illmoistown, opposite St Louis. The principal points on 
this road will be Columbus, Dayton, Indianapolis, Terre 
Haute, and St. Louis. The commerce on all Iho completed 
railroads is immense, but there is no immediate means of 



DAi 



DAY 



ascertaining its tonnage, description, or value. The com- 
merce of Dayton by caual, was in 1S50, as exhiliited in tlie 
following table, wLich gives the amount of the prinei|ial 
articles received and shipped at the port in the year 
referred to. 

Articles. Arrived. CleareJ. 

Ale and beer bbls. 81.... '2,013 

Flour " 3S1 . . . . C4,-l.« 

Fish, fresh-water " 2,047 '203 

OU,linseed " 4.... 4,922 

Oil,lard " 47.... 6S0 

Pork " .... 472 

Salt " 9,i381 .... .SO 

Whisky " SS . . . . 80,2:37 

Eye, barley, ami malt bush. 1,831 14,789 

Com " 10,763 .... 184,209 

Coal,mincral " 89,95,'3.... 938 

Coke " 18,.'S.59 . . . . • 

Oats " 340 ... . 17,149 

Seeds, grass, etc " .... 2,.^21 

Seed, flax " 9,508.... 11,174 

Wheat " 5,014.... 10,377 

Butter lbs. S92 . . . . S4,.M1 

liurrblocks " 98,o,'i3 

Furniture and baggage " 107,585 404.478 

Bacon and pork " 11.022.... 7'23,7!I9 

Coffee " 279,170.... 3.3,939 

Cotton, raw " 294,902.... 

Cotton yams " 2,0,56.... 192,864 

Candles " 795.... 28,.'«1 

Cut Stone " 16.8>7 13,120 

Crockery, foreign " 116,662.... 2,700 

Eggs " .... 63,477 

Fruit, green " 11,729 .... 150,632 

Feathers " 337 ... . 2,I114 

Grmdstones " 62,006 676 

Gypsum " 55,393 1,4011 

Glassware " 16;!,113 8,908 

Hemp " 11.9:lS.... . 

Hides and skins " 9,105 78,4*3 

Ice " 78.705 .... 1,096.000 

Iron, pig, etc " 1,774.712 .... 59,073 

Iron, cast " 2,896.715 4:1,069 

Lard " 1,653.... 498,8{!6 

Leather " 45,770 38.059 

Machinery " 89,.3:i3 .... 100,822 

Merchandise " 1,93,5,092 .... 830,744 

Molasses " S57,.352.... 1.3,000 

NaUs and spikes " 888,369 .... 8,758 

Oilcake " ....3,167,176 

Paper, Ohio " 24,111.... 631.5-36 

Powder, Ohio " 6,6sl 15,222 

Pot and pearl ashes '* 7,717 88,087 

Sugar " 673,448 .... 9,562 

Tallow " 3.')S .... 121,713 

Tobacco " 16.311 .... 27,161 

Tobacco, manufactured " 94,831 14,209 

Wool " .... 68,436 

White lead " 47,394 .... I,iil5 

Sundries " 2,066,495 .... 1,219,938 

Hoop poles num. 851,110 72,974 

Hogs " . .... 8.497 

Staves, etc " 1,657.7.58 6,400 

Shingles " 8,420,'2.50 . . . . 110,250 

Lath " 1,140,300.... 57,000 

Lnmber feet 4,395,273 .... 298.466 

Timber " 117,741 .... 4,226 

The several locks of the canal afford considerablo motive 

power within the limits of the city ; and in 1845 the Dayton 

Hydraulic Comp.any eonstrueted a hydraulic canal from a 
point at Mad r., 4 m. above the city, by means of which the 
■waters of a large and unfailing stream are brought through 
the place, the surplus water being discharged into the canal, 

X 



and thence into the Miami r., below the city. The whole 
of the power thus obtained is leased to manufacturers, and 
this addition of motive force is justly ranked as one of the 
chief sources of the prosperity now enjoyed by the city. A 
further increase of hydraulic facilities is projected by con- 
ducting the waters of the Miami above the city, through a 
canal, and discharging them into the same river below. 
Dayton surpasses all other western cities of its size in the 
variety and extent of its manufactories. Among the most 
notable and extensive are those for the manufacture of rail- 
road cars on the largest scale ; paper mills, which supply no 
small part of the West with wrapping, news, and book 
paper; foundries for stoves, hollow ware, etc., the annual 
value of these branches alone being at least .$500,000. There 
is no city in the West so largely engaged in the nianulac- 
ture and export of linseed oil and oil-cake as Dayton. In 
1^50, 134,000 bushels of seed, valued at $103,848, ]iroduced 
294,500 gallons of oil, worth at 72 c. per gallon, $213,040; 
and 8,680 tons of oil-cake, worth at .jlO per ton, $26,800, 
the difference between the raw seed and manufactured 
articles being $75,492, which represents the gross earnings 
of labor and capital employed. The amount of superfine 
flour manufactured annually in the city is equal to 1'25,000 
barrels. 

There are three chartered banks in the city : one a branch 
of the State Bank, one an independent bank, and one a free 
bank under the new law. The aggregaO' eapit:il of these is 
$350,000. Besides these, there are several private banks, 
which employ capital amounting to $200,000, making the 
banking eaiiilal of the place $550,000, a sum inadequate to 
the increasing wants of the manufacturing and commercial 
interests of the community. 

The charter for a city government was granted by the 
Legislature in 1841. The city, for municipal purposes, is 
divided into six wards; and its affairs are managed by 12 
eouncilmen, representing the several wards in a single 
body. The present revenue of the city from taxes, licenses, 
ete.. amounts to $20,000, one-third of which is devoted to 
educational purposes. The public buildings, though neither 
so costly nor so perfect in architectural detail as those of the 
old and wealthy cities of the eoimtry. are neat and substan- 
tial. The Court House is one of the most elegant in the 
valley of the Ohio; its dimensions are 127 feet in length by 
62 feet in breadth. It is built of hewn blocks of coarse but 
compact white marble, which abounds in the vicinity — the 
roof is of .stone and the doors of solid iron, and the slyle of 
architecture tluit of the Parthenon, with slight improve- 
ments. The plan seems to be faultless, and the effect of the 
building imposing: its whole cost exceeded somewhat 
$100,000. The streets of the city are lighted with gas, sup- 
plied by a company chartered for that purpose, as are the 
public buildings, and, as a general thing, also the stores. 
The gas is made from the bituminous coal found about the 
head waters of the Ohio, and aSbrds a cheap and excellent 
light. Coke and tar are also obtained from the coal used 
in sup])lying the works. 

There arc two market-houses in the city. Tlie principal 
one is 400 feet long, and paved with blocks of limestone; 
and a part of the second story of the buililing is occupied as 
a City Hall and Council Chamber. Th(( markets exhibit 
the overflowing abundance of the valley, and prices are 
here about 20 per cent, below those of Cincinnati, and -10 or 
50 per cent, below those of Boston and New York. As the 
population of the city increases, however, this disproportion 
in prices will, of course, be less. 

Besides an excellent female academy and several private 
schools, there are six free schools in the city, which are eon- 
ducted in the most admirable manner. Five of these are 
" common schools ;" the sixth is ealle*! the " High Scliool," 
a popular college, into which the i)upil3 from the other 
schools are admitted, when they have attained a pri-seribed 
advancement in the usual English studies, and sustain a 
good character. The principal literary institution is the 

169 



DAY 



DEC 



Library Associalion, ■which has laid Ihe foundation of a 
valuable library, having now upward of 2,000 volumes of 
selected works. The library is open to minors, imdcr cer- 
tain restrictions ; and a course of lectures is usually delivered 
before the Association (Wring the winter months, which is 
free to the citizens pcuerally. 

The periodical press of Dayton consists of four daily 
newspapers (all issuing likewise weekly editions), and one 
weekly pai>cr : the dailies are, the "Western Empire" 
(whig), the " Transcript" (neutral), the " D. Journal" (dem.), 
and the " T>. Gazelle" (wliig) ; and the weekly newspaper 
is the " D. Advertiser" (whig). In point of energy and 
talent, the Dayton press is not surpassed by the press of 
older and more wealthy cities. 

Dayton, p. v., Eockingham co,, Virg. : 102 m. N. W. 
Eichmond. 

Dead Fall, p. o., Abbeville dist, S. Car. : 69 m. "W. 
Columbia. 

Dead Kiveb, p. o., Somerset co., Mo. : on Dead r. of the 
Kennebec, 63 m. S. by W. Augusta. 

Dead river, Ma.: the "W. branch of Kennebec r. It rises 
near the boundary of Lower Canada, and afler a course of 
70 m., falls into the Kennebec, 20 m. below Moosehead 
Lake. It passes through a fertile and well wooded 
country. 

Deal's Mills, p. o., Caldwell CO., N. Car. : 160 m. 
"W. by N. Raleigh. 

Deam, p. v., Owen co., Inch : 49 m. S. W. Indianapolis. 

Dean's CouNEas, p. o., Saratoga eo., N. Y. : 26 m. N. by E. 
Albany. 

Deanstille, p. v., Oneida co., N. T. : on the line of the 
Chenango Canal, S6 m, W. by K. Albany. Pop, 200. 

Deaeboen county, //m/. Situate S. E., and contains SOS 
eq. m. Situate on the Ohio r., and drained by its tributa- 
ries, the Great Miami, White Water, Laughery, and other 
streams. Surface generally undulating — in some parts hilly 
and broken. Soil fertile. Farms 1,520 ; manuf. 72 ; dwell. 
3,.M0, and pop.— wh. 20,021, fr. col. 145— total 20,166. Cap- 
ital : Lawrenccburg. PuUia Works : White Water Canal ; 
Lawrcnceburg and Upper Mississippi R. R. ; and Cmcinnati 
and SL Louis R. K. 

Deaebobnville, p. T., Wayne co., Mich. : on the S. side 
of River Rouge, 72 m. E. S. E. Lansing. An arsenal of the 
United States is located here ; it consists of 11 brick build- 
ings arranged on the sides of a square 860 feet on each side. 
These buildings are connected by a continuous waU of heavy 
masonry, 12 feet high. 

Deardobff's Mills, p. o., Tuscarawas co., Ohio : on 
Tuscarawas r., S5 m. E. N. E. Columbus. 

Deatesville, p. v.. Nelson co., Ky. : 46 m. W. S. W. 
Frankfort 

Deatonsvtlle, p. v., Amelia co., Tirg. : 33 m. S.W. by W. 
Richmond. 

Deavehtown, p. v., Morgan co., Ohio: 52 m. E. by S. 
Columbus. It is pleasantly situate, and contains about 320 
inhabitants. 

Decatur county, Ga. Situate 8. W. comer of State, and 
contains STO sq. m. Drained by Flint r., which nms llirough 
it, and the tributaries of Chattahoochee r., which forms its 
W. border. Surface moderately uneven, and soils of average 
fertility. The chief products are cotton and com, with 
some sugar, etc. Farais 441 ; manuf. 2 ; dwell. S9S, and 
pop.— wh. 4,618, fr. col. 5, si. 3,639— total 8,262. Capital: 
Bainbridgc. PuhUcWorks: Bainbridgo Branch of Bruns- 
wick and Florida R. R. 

Decatur county, Ind. Situate 8. E., and contains 830 
sq. m. Drained by Flat Rock, Clifty, and Sand creeks. 
Surface mostly level or undulating— on the streams some- 
what hilly. The bottoms arc rich, though small. In the 
E. and S. there is some flat, wetland. Farmsl,377; manuf. 
89: dwell. 2,662, and i)op.— wh. 14,951, fr. col. 156— total 
15,107. Capital: Greensburg. Ihihlic Works: Lawrence- 
burg and Upper Mississippi R. E. 
170 



Decatitk county, la. Situate S. on Missouri line, and 
contains 540 sq. m. Drained by the head waters of Welden 
r., and Crooked Fork of Grand r., which traverse the co. 
from N. to S. Surface elevated and beautifiiliy diversified, 
and the soils eminently fertile. Numerous Hungarians arc 
settled at New Buda, in this county. Farms 46 ; maimf. ; 
dwell. 145, and pop.— wh. 964, fr. col. 1— total 965. Capital : 
Nine Eagles. 

Decatuu county, Term. Situate centrally on the W. side 
of Tennessee r., and contains 320 sq. m. Drained by creeks 
of Tennessee r. Surface generally level or undulating, and 
soils good, producing largely of corn, wheat, etc., with some 
tobacco. Farms 443; manuf. 15; dwell. 941, and pop.— 
white 5,203, free col. 17, slave 72^— total 6,003. Capital : 
Decaturville. 

Decatub^ p. v., Morgan co., Ala. : on the S. bank of 
Tennessee r., 146 m. N. by W. Montgomery. The Tu.'icum- 
bia and Decatur R. R. has its E. terminus at this point; but 
this R. R. now forms a hnk in the great Memphis and 
Charleston Route. The v. has considerable trade, and has 
a weekly newspaper, called the "Morgan Advertiser." 
Pop. about 700. 

Decatitk, p. v., and cap. Be Kalb CO., Ga. : on the line 
of the Georgia R. R., 165 m. from Augusta, and 6 from 
Atlanta, 82 ra. W. N. W. Milledgeville. It is pleasantly 
located in a fine hilly region, and is a v. of considerable 
pretensions. Pop. about 600. 

Deoatub, p. v., and cap. Macon co.. III. : on the N. W. 
side of the N. fork of Sangamon r., 89 m. E. by N. Spring- 
field. It is situate on the edge of an extensive prairie, and 
in the midst of a fine agricultural region. It is one of the 
most thriving of the inland towns of the State ; and its fu- 
ture, when the Central R. R. and other railroads intended 
to intersect it are finished, will be one of great prosperity. 
Its inhabitants number some 600, and the immediate vi- 
cinity is thickly settled. 

Decatur, p. v., and cap. Adams co., Ind. : on the W. 
side of St. Mary's r. of the Maumee, 96 m, N. E. Indianapo- 
lis. It contains a C. 11., jail, and the eo. offices, about 120 
dwellin,gs,and 600 inhabitants. It has a weekly newspaper, 
the"D. Gazette" (whig). 

Decatub, t. and p. o., Van Buren co., Mich. : on the S. 
Branch of Pawpaw r., 80 m. W. by S. Lansing. Pop. 8Sf\ 

Decatur, p. v., and cap. Newton co., Miss. : at the 
head streams of Chickasawha rivef, 64 m. E. by N. 
Jackson. 

Decatfb, t. and p. v., Otsego co., 2^. K ; 46 m. W. 
Albany. Drained by Elk and other small streams. Sur- 
face elevated and billy. Soil a sandy loam. Tlie v. contains 
23 dwellings and 200 inhabitants. Pop. of t. 927. 

Decatur, p. v., Brown co., Ohio: between the forks of 
Eagle cr., 84 m. S. W. Columbus. It is a thriving v., and 
has several flour, grist, and saw-mills on the neighboring 
streams. Pop. 171. 

Decatub, p. v., and cap. Meigs co., Tenn. : about 2 m. 
S. E. of Tennessee r., and 117 E. 8. E. Nashville. It con- 
tains the CO. offices and about ISO inhabitants. 

Deoatub, t. and p. o., Mifllin co., Pt'nn. : in the mount- 
ains, 42 m. N. W. Ilarrisburg, and watered by Jack's cr. of 
the Juniata r. It is 14 m. N. E. of Lewistown. 

Decatub, t. and p. v., Greene eo., Wise. : 82 m. S. Mad- 
ison. The V. lies on the W. side of Sugar r., a branch of 
Rock river. Pop. oft. 55S. 

Decatuevtlle, p. v., and cap. Decatur co., Tenn. : S2 m. 
S. E. Nashville. 

Deoaturvillk, p. v., Washington co., Ohio: 73 m. S. E, 
Columbus. 

Decker's Creek, p. o. Preston co., Yirg. : on a cr. of 
Cheat r. so called, 153 m. N. W. Richmond. 

Deckertown, p. 0., Sussex co., N. Jer. : on the W. sido 
of Wallkill r, 69 m. N. Trenton. It has several stores, and 
about 160 inhabitants. The neighborhood is a fine lirao 
stonc country. 



DEC 



DEF 



Decoeah, p. 0., 'Wiuncsbiek co., Ja.: 113 m. N. by "U". 
Iowa City. 

Deduam, t, p. v.. and cap. Norfolk en., Mass. : on Charles 
r., 13 m. S. S. V>. Bostou. Ncponset r. nins on its V". liDrdor, 
and a small stream runs from Chark-s r. into Nf|)unai-l r. — 
those afford good wator-powtr. The whole t. is \v<'Il eiilU- 
vatod. The v. is pleasantly situated on Charles r., and con- 
tains about 200 dwellinss, and the co. buildings. Tho Boston 
and Providence II. K. passes thri.iut;h the t., and gives off a 
branch R. R., 2 m. long, to the village. Manufactures are 
carried on to some extent, and there arc two newsjiapers 
published weekly, the •■• D. Gazette" (,free soil), and the 
'' Norfolk Democrat." Top. 4,477, 

Dkeii's Cukek, p. 0., Kosciusko co., Ind. : 100 m. N. by E. 
Indianapolis. 

Deeusville, p. v., Jefferson co., Ja. : 4G m. S. by W. 
Iowa City. 

Deep Creek, p. v., Norfolk co., Virg. : at the N. terminus 
of tho Dismal Swamp Canal, and on both sides of it, 87 m. 
S. E. Riehmond. It has a considerable trade, and exports 
cedar-wood and other products of the Swamp. Pop, about 
IGO. The canal extends between Deep cr., a l)ranch of 
Elizabeth r., 10 m. from Norfnlk, and Joyce's cr., funning 
thus a connection between Albemarle Sound and llamjdon 
Roads — length 23 miles. It is fed by Lake Drunnnond, and 
the teeder, 3i m. lung, 2^ feet deep, and 12 feet wide, is also 
navigable. The nuun canal is 411 feet wide and G feet deep, 
and has 5 stone locks on it, lno feel I)y 'J2 feet. 

Deep Cdt, p, o., Mercer co,, 0/iio: 94 m. W. N. W. 
Columbus. 

Deepikill, p, v., Renssalaer CO., KY.: on the line of tbe 
Troy and Boston R. R., 7 m. from Troy, and 13 N. by E. 
Albany. 

Deep River, p. v.. Middlesex co., Comt: 33 m. S. by E. 
Hartford. It is situate at the confluence of Deep r. with the 
Connecticut. 

Deep River, p. o., Lake eo., T/uf. : on Deep r., a branch 
of Caluraic r, 136 m. N. W. Indianapolis. 

Deep River, p. o., Poweshiek co., la. : 56 m. Vi. by N. 
Iowa City. 

Deep Ritkr, p. o,, Guilford co., N, Car. : on the r. so 
ealled, a constituent of Cape Fear r., 72 m. W. by N. 
Raleigh. 

Deep river, K. Car. : one of the constituents of Cape Fear 
r. It has its sources in Guilford co., where it passes through 
Randolph into Moore and Chatham counties, in tho last of 
which it joins the Haw, the principal branch, from which 
point it assumes the name of Cape Fear River. 

Deep Wateii, p. o., Henry co., Mo, : on the N. side of 
Deep "Water cr., a tributary of Osage r., 100 m. W. by S. 
Jefferson City. 

Deep Water, p. o., Marshall co., Miss. : 1C7 m. N. by E. 
Jackson. 

Deep "Well, p. o., Iredi-ll co,. K. Car. : 122 m. W. Rateigli. 

Deer Beook, p. o., Noxubee co., MUs. : lOS m. N. E. 
Jackson. 

Deer Creek, p. v., Livingston co., Mich. : 29 m. S. E. 
Lansing. 

Deer Creek, p, o., Mercer co., Penn. : 216 m. V,'. N. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Deer Creek, p. o,, Carroll co,, Iii(7. ; on a or. of ^Yabash 
r. so called, Gl m. N. by \V, Indianapolis. Deer or. is a fine 
mill-stream rising in the S. i)art of Miami ro., and running 
through Cass and Carroll counties to the Wabash, which it 
joins near Delphi, 

Deer Creek, p. o., It-sa<iuena co., Miss. : 49 m. N. W. 
Jackson. 

Deerfield, p. v., Randolph co., Iju?. : on the S. bank of 
the Mississinewa r,, 72 m. E. N. E. Indianapolis. 

DEERnEi.n. p. v., Lake co,, lU.: equidistant between 
Lake Michigan and DesPlaines r., 192 m. N. E. Springfield. 

Deerfield. p. v., Lenawee co., Mich.: on tho N. bank 
of Raisin r, 66 m. S. E. Lansing. The Michigan Southern 



R. R. pasess Ilimugh the village, 24 m. from Monroe, and 
224 m. from Chicago. 

Deekfield, t. and p. v.. Franklin co., Jfas^. ; "8 m. "W. 
Boston. Drained by DecrHfld r., which falls into the Con- 
necticut r., here fonning the E. border of the town. The 
lands are very fertile, and afford the best meadows in the 
State. The v. is situated on a plain separated from tlie 
Connecticut by a chain of hills, and consists chiefly of one 
street. The town is almost wholly agricultural in its imlus- 
try. Pop. 2,4i'l. 

Deerfield. t. and p. v., Rockingham co,, A^. Ilnrnp. : IG 
ni. S. E. Concord, Drained by Lamprey r., which runs 
through it. Surface uneven and soils difficult. Pup. 2,i!22. 

Deerfield, t. and p. v., Portage co., Ohio: in the S. E. 
corner of tho co. The S. branch of Mahoning r. passes 
through the t. ; the v. is located centrally. Poj), of l.].37i, 

Deerfield, p, v., Augusta co., Virg. ; on Miiidie r.. a 
branch of the S. fork of Shenandoah r., 103 m. W. N. "W. 
Richmond. 

Deerfield, p. v., Carroll par., La. : 15G m. N. by W. 
Baton Rouge. 

Deerfield, t. and p. v., Dane co.. Wise. : 16 m. E.Madi- 
son. Drained by a fine mill-stream flowing into Lake Kosh- 
konong. Surface level and soils rich. The v. lies on the 
N. side of the creek. Pop. 639. 

Defjifield Street, p. v., Cumberland co., N. Jer. : 55 m. 
S. by W. Trenton. Pop. about ISO, 

Deerfield Village, p, v,, "Warren co., Ohio : on the N. 
bank of Little Miami r,, 76 m. S. W. Columbus. It was 
founded in 1795, but has never progressed on account of its 
liability to inundation, and its population does not now ex- 
ceed 120 souls. 

Deer Grove, p. o.. Cook co., lU. : in the N. part of tho 
CO., on a cr. of Des Plaines r., 173 m. N. E. Springfield. 

Deerixg, t. and p. o., Hillsborough co., 2^. Ifamp. : 21 m. 
S, W. Concord. Drained by Coutoocook r. Surface diver- 
sified and soils of average fertility. Large quantities of brick 
are manufactured in this town. Pop. 1,S90. 

Deer Isle, t. and p. o., Hancock co,, Me. : 5G m. E. by S. 
Augusta. The t. consists of an island on the E. side of 
Penobscot Bay, and two or three small islands adjacent. 
These islands are fertile, and, ha\nng good harbors, are well 
situated for the shore fisheries and coasting. Pop, 3,037. 

Deer Lick, p. o., Williams co,, Ohio: on a cr. of Maumcc 
r. so called, 132 m. N. W. Columbus. 

Deer Park, p, v., La Salle co., lU. : G m. S. W. Ottawa, 
and 109 m. N. by E. Springfield. 

Deer Park, p. v., Suffolk co., A^. T. : on tlic line of the 
Long Island R. R,, 37 m. from Brooklyn, and 124 m. S. S.W. 
Albany. 

Deek Plaht, p. o., Calhoun co,, III. : in the S. extremity 
of the CO., about 3 m. N, of Milan, and 79 ni. S. S. W. 
Springfield. 

Deer River, p. o., Lewis co., N', Y. : on the r. so called, 
112 m. N.W. Albany. 

Deeksvllle, p. v., Harrison co., Ohio : 9G m. E. N. E. 
Columbus. 

Defiance county, Ohio. Situate N. W., and contains 
396 sq. m. Drained by the Maumee r. and its large and 
wi'le-?^reading tributaries, St. Joseph's r., Tiflln r., and 
Blancharii's Fork. Surface uneven, with considerable 
level prairie, intermixed with wood and extensive bottoms. 
It is a fine grain county. Farms 29G; manuf. 31 ; dwell. 
1,237, and pop. — wh. 6.947, fr. col. 19— total C,!I6G. Capital : 
Defiance. Pithlic Worlra : Miami Canal ; and a R. R. from 
Fort WajTie to Maumee City, etc. 

Defian'ce, f., p. v., and cap. Defiance co., Ohio: at the 
confluence of the Au Glaize. and Maumee rivers, on the lino 
of the Wabash and Erie Canal, a few miles above the junc- 
tion of the Miami Canal, and on that of the li. K.. between 
Sandusky City and F.irt Wayne, 114 in, N. W. f'olumbus 
It is thus most eligibly located for commerce at a point 
where canals, raifroads, an.l navigable rivers have a com- 

171 



DEP 



DEL 



mon junclion, and from which in every direction the avenues 
are uninterrupted. In the old Indian wars it was a point 
of military importance. It contains the county buildings, 
offices, etc., has numerons saw, grist, and flour mills, -kc. 
Pop. of V. S90.— t. 1,2S]. Two newspapers, the '*D. Demo- 
crat" (dem.), and the "D. Banner" (whig), arc issued weekly. 

Defrietsvillk, p. v., Rensselaer co., K Y. : 4 m. S. E. 
Albany. It contains 23 dttfllings, and 130 inhabitanLs. 

De G laize, p. o., Morehause par., Jai. : 167 m. N. W. by N. 
Baton Kongo. 

De Kalh county, Ala. Situate N. K., and contains 720 
sq. m. Drained by Big "Will's or. of Coosa r., and several 
creeks, tributaries of Tennessee r. The surface is generally 
hiJIy, except in the river valleys, in which the land is of ex- 
traordinary fertility. Indian corn and cotton, with tobacco, 
etc., are the chief products. Farms G16; manuf. S; dwell. 
1,254, and pop.— wh. 7,730, fr. col. 9, si. 50t>— total S,*2-15. 
Ctipiial: Lebanon. Public Works: Selma and Tennessee 
Kiver R. R. 

De Kalb connty, Ga. Situate N. centrally, and con- 
tains H60 sq. m. Drained by branches of the Ocmulgee r. 
and of the Chattahoochee r., the latter of which forms the 
N. W. border. Surface, an elevated table-land, and of a 
productive soil. Indian com and wheat, with cotton and 
tobacco, form its staples. Farms 1.019; manuf. 45; dwell. 
1,792, and pop.— wh. 11,372, fr. col. 32, si. 2.924— total 14.338. 
Capital: Decatur. Public Works: Georgia E. R. ; West- 
era and Atlantic R. K. ; Macon and Western E. E. ; 
La Grange E. E., etc. 

Ke Kalb county, III. Situate on the summit between 
the Illinois and Rock rivers, and contains 64S sq. m. Drained 
by Kishwaukee r., flowing N. W, to Eock r., and Fox r. and 
its branches, flowing S. to the Illinois. Surface chiefly 
prairie, with groves of timber besutifuUy varying the scene. 
Soils deep, dark, and rich. Farms S12; manut". 4; dwell. 
1,303, and pop.— wh. 7,539, fr. col. 1— total 7,540. Capital: 
Sycamore. 

De Kalb county, /;wf. Situate N. E., and contains 365 
sq. m. Drained by SL Joseph's of the Maumce, and its 
several tributary creeks. Surface undulating, and, with tho 
exception of some wet prairies, heavily timbered. Soils ox- 
cellcnt Farms 831 ; manuf. IG; dwell. 1,421, and pop.— 
wh. S.241, fr. col. 10— total 8,251. Capit<il : Auburn. 

De Kalb county, JTo. Situate N. W., and contains 432 
sq. m. Drained by Blue and Grhidstone creeks of Grand 
r., and by Castile and Livingston creeks, and the Third 
Fork of Platte r. Surface, undulating prairie, varied with 
woodland. Soils fertile and productive. Farms 229 ; manuf. 



1; dwell. 338, and pop.— wh. 2,003, fr. col. 2, si. 65— total 
2,075. Capital: Maysville. 

De Kalb county, Jhni. Situate centrally, and contains 
2S0 sq. ra. Drained by the tributaries of Caney Fork of 
Cumberland r., which runs through the co. The N. part 
of the CO. is hilly, but the S. and W. are level barrens, 
affording a plentifid subsistauce for cattle. Tho grains, 
with cotton and tobacco, are protluccd; and there are some 
important manufactures. Farms 717; manuf. 24; dwell. 
1,247, and pop.— wh. 7,835, fr. col. 13, si. 66S— total S,016. 
Capital: SmithviUe. 

De Kalb, p. v., De Kalb co.. III. : near the head of 
Sycamore r., 152 m. N. N. E. Springfield. 

De Kalb, p. v., and cap. Kemper co.,J//.5«..* aboui2m. S. 
of Sacarnochee or., and 97 m. E. N. E. Jackson. 

De Kalb, p. v., Buchanan co., Jfo. ; in the S. W. part 
of the 00., 167 m. W. N. W. Jefferson City. 

De Kalb, t. and p. v., St. Lawrence co., iV. K .• on both 
sides of Oswegatchie r., 146 m. N.W. Albany. The surface 
is hilly, and there is abundance of marble and iron ore. 
The V. is situated on the E. side of ihe r., at the head of 
navigation, and contains about 40 dwellings. At the falls, 
immediately above, there is immense water-power. 

De Kalb, p. v., Gilmer co., Virg. : ou Little Kanawha r., 
207 m. N. W. by W. Riclimond. 

De Kalb, p. v., Bowie co., Tex. : on Mud or. of Red r., 
297 m. N. E. Austin City. 

De Kalb, p. v., Crawford co., Ohio: 6Q m. N. by E. 
Columbus. 

De Kalb Centre, p. o., De Kalb co.. III. : 14S m. N. N. E. 
Springfield. 

Dekoera, t. and p. v., Columbia co., Wi.sc,: 26 m. N. 
Madison. Drained by the Wisconsin r., which runs through 
it. The V. is situated on tho S. E. side of the stream, and is 
well located for trade. Pop. of t. 661. 

Delafizld, U and p. v., Waukesha co., Wise. : 49 m. E. 
Madison. Pop. I,ia4. 

De Lancet, p. v., Madison co. iV. Y. : 104 m. W. N. W. 
Albany. 

Delapalma, p. o., Brown county, Ohio: S2 m. S. W, 
Columbus. 

Delavan, p. v., Tazewell co., Ht. : 42 m. N. by E. 
Springfield. 

Delavan, p. v., Cattaraugus co., X. Y. : 243 m. W. 
by S. Albany. It is located on a tributary of Cattiiraugus 
creek. 

Delavan, t and p. v., Walworth co., Tn.sc. ; 49 m. S. E. 
Madison. Pop. 1,260. 



THE STATE OF DELAWARE. 

Delaware, next to Rhode Island, the smallest State of the Union, and, in point of population, much inferior to that 
State, lies between 38° 2S' and SO'^ 47' latitudes N., and between 74^ 56' and 75° 46' longitudes W. of Greenwich, or 
10 22' and 2° 06' E. of Washington. It is bounded on the N. by Pennsylvania (from which the arc of a circle drawn with 
B radius of 12 miles from Newcastle as a centre, divides it), on the E. by Delaware Bay and the Atlantic Ocean, and on 
the S. and W. by Marjiand, occupying the north-eastern portion of the peninsula between the bays Chesapeake and 
Delaware. Tho N. and W. and S. boundaries were originally determined by Mason and Dixon, under wliose name the 
lines are still known. The length of the State, N. and S., is about 92 miles, and its width varies from 36 miles in tho S. to 
less than 10 in the N., the area being 2,120 sq. miles. 

Nearly the whole of Delaware lies on the Atlantic plain. The northern part, however, to Christiana creek, belongs to 
the primary tract, and is hilly and somewhat rugged; but there are no hills exceeding 500 feet in height nI)ovo the 
ocean. South of the creek above named, tlie surface is an almost perfect level, tho general slope being toward tho 
Delaware and the ocean. In tho south-west the direction of the slope is toward Chesapeake Bay. A table-land, or low 
Bandy ridge, nowhere more than 60 or 70 feet in height near its western boundary, passes through the SLite, and forms 
the watershed of the peninsula. This table-land abounds with swamps, in which most of the rivers and streams have 
their sources, some flowing w<>st into the Chesapeake, and others east into tlie Dehiware. At the southern extremity 
of the State is the Cypress Swamp, a morass 12 miles in length and 6 miles in width, including an area of 50,000 acres 
of land, the whole of which is a high and level basin, very wet, though undoubte<lIy the highest land between the sen 
and the bay. This swamp contnius a great variety of trees and plants, and is infested by wild anima's and reptiles. In 
the northern parts of the State, along the Delaware River and Ray, and for S or 10 miles inland, the soils are generally 
rich clays, in which the most useful agricultural staples ran be easily rearerl ; from thence to the swamps the soil is light 
and sandy, and of an inferior quality ; and tlie CLulral and southern parts have also a sandy soil, which gradually 
173 



DELAWARE. 



becomes more unproJuclivtr Jis Ihe south ia approached. Bog-iron ore is found in the swampy tracts in tlie aoulii, and 
has long been used for economical purposes; sliell marl, highly vaUiable in agriculture, ocours, and in the north is 
found kaolin or porcelain clay, which has supplied the Phi]adeli)hiu "Works with that valuable earth. 

The climate of the State is generally mild, and highly favorable to ngricultural pm-suits. The northern portion haa a 
sahibrious atmosphere, but where the land is swampy, endemic sicknesses prevail to a considerable extent. The natural 
pro"Juction3 arc similar to those of the middle region of the Atlantic Slates. Some large timber grows in the north, 
and throughout the State, in localities, woods of various kinds are found, and much has been exported at different periods. 

All the rivers of Delaware are small, generally rising within Ihe State, and flowing into the Delaware ; the Brandy wine, 
however, comes in from Pennsylvania, and the head waters of the Choplank and Nantieokc, which pass into Maryland, 
are within its limits. The streams are generally wide in proportion to their length, and navigable by small craft several 
miles from Iheu- mouths. The Brandywine (Brandewyno or Brandy Ki\'cr, of the Dutch) is, m the upper part of its course, 
a valuable mill-stream, but at Wilmington it receives Christiana Creek, and becomes navigable for large ships. Small 
vessels also go up the latter branch to Christiana Bridge. The Appoquinnimlnk River, Duck Creek, Jones' Creek, Mother 
or Murder Kill, Mispilion or Mospihon Creek, Broad Kill, Indian Creek, etc., are the other principal streams. 

The eastern shore is washed by Delaware Bay ; in all its length it has no good harbors, but generally presents long 
sandy beaches to the waves. To remedy this inconvenience, the General Government has constructed the Delaware 
Breakwater, opposite the village of Lewestown, and above Cape Henlopen: it consists of two piers, one of which is 
designed to form a shelter from the fury of the waves, which roll iu here with great violence, and the other to afford 
protection from the masses of floating iee brought down by the ebb tide. The breakwater proper is 2,T43 feet long at the 
bottom, or 2,030 feet above high water, 75 feet wide at low water mark, and raised 15 feet above low, or 3 feet above high 
water mark. The ice-breaker is 1,T10 feet in length at bottom, and 1,37S at top, of the same breadth as the breakwater, 
but only 9 feet in height. The whole work has cost nearly $3,000,000. Kehobolh Bay, and the estuary, called Indian 
Ki\ er, are the only arms of the sea extending inland : these, about 9 miles south of Cape Henlopen, are spacious but 
sliallow basins, not admitting vessels of more than G feet draft. Cape False is the headland forming the south side of their 
common inlet from the ocean. 

The first European settlers of Delaware were Swedes and Dutch, and their posterity still remain here, but have become 
merged in the more numerous body of other origins. There are a large number of blacks in the State, constituting oue- 
fuurth of the whole population, but of these only a small portion is held in slavery. The first census of which tliero is any 
record, was that of 16S2, when there were about 3,000 inhabitants in the State ; in 1700 the estimated number was tJ.OOO, 
and in 1750 it had risen to 25,000. The first United States' census, taken in 1790, gives the whole population at 50,096, 
and from that period its decennial movements have been as follows ; 







Colorej PerBona. 




lucre 


.ise. 
















Ceosua. 


Persons. 


Free. 


Slave. 


PopuI,aion. 


Kumencil. 


Per cent. 


1790 


40 .310 


.... 3,899 
.... 8.2CS 


8,8S7 . . . 

0,153 . . . 


59,096 .... 

&4.273 .... 






ISOO . . . . 


....49,S62 .... 


.... 5,177 .... 


.... S.T 


ISIO .... 


.... 65,361 .... 


.... 13,136 


4,177 ... 


72,674 .... 


. . . . S,401 . . . . 


.... 13.7 


1S20 


.... 56,25.2 .... 
.... 57,601 .... 


.... 12,96S 
....15.S55 


4.509 ... 

3,292 ... 


72.749 .... 

76,743 .... 




0.1 


1S30 .... 


3.999 


.... 5.4 


IMO . . . . 


.... 5S,661 . . . . 


.... 16,919 


2.605 ... 


7S,0S5 .... 


.... 1,337 .... 


.... 1.7 


1850 .... 


....Tl,2i9 .... 


.... 17,957 


2,2i9 . . . 


91,535.... 


.... 18,450 .... 


.... 17.2 



Of the total population, in 1550, there were persons deaf and dumb, 5S; blind, 46; insane, 70; and idiotic, 101. 

The State of Delaware is divided into 3 counties and 25 hundreds. The counties are Newcastle, in the north ; Kent, in 
tlie middle ; and Sussex, in the south. Newcastle County is subdivided into 9 hundreds, viz. : Appoquinnimlnk, Bramiy- 
■wine, Christiana, Mill Creek, Newcastle, Pencader, Red Lion, St. George's, and "White Clay Creek, and contains an area 
of 271.490 acres. Kent County is subdivided into 6 hundreds, viz.: Dover, Duck Creek, Little Creek, Mother or MurdiT 
Kill, Milford, and Mispilion, and contains an area of 392,060 acres. And Sussex County is subdivided into 10 hundreds, 
viz. : Broad Kill, Broad Creek, Baltimore, Ce<lar Creek, Dagsborough, Indian River, Little Creek, Lewes and Rchoboth, 
Naulicoke, and North-West Fork, and contains an area of 636,100 acres. 

Agriculture is the principal occupation of the inhabitants ; but in the north, where there is abundance of water-power, 
manufactures have long been in existence, and are in a very flourishing condition. Commerce and trade are also exten- 
sive, and the whale fisheries have been prosecuted with success from "Wilmington. The statistics of the wealth and 
industry of the Slate in ISoO, as exhibited in the census, etc., of tliat year, were as follows : 

Occupied Lands, etc. — Improved lands, 5S0.S62 acres; and unimproved lands, 375,2^2 acres— valued together at the 
sum of $1'^,SS0,031. Number of farms, 6,068. Value of farming implements and machinery, $510,279. 

Live- Stock. —Horses, 13,S52 ; asses and mules, 791 ; milch cows, 19,24S; working oxen, 9,797; other cattle, 24,166; 
sheep, 27,503 ; and swine, 56,261 — valued in the aggregate at $1,S49,2S1. 

Grain. O'ops.— "Wheat, 4S2,251 bushels; rye, S,066 bushels; Indian corn, 3,145,533 bushels; oats, 604,518 bushels; 
barley, 56 bnshels; and buckwheat, 8,015 bushols. 

Other Craps.— PetiS and beans, 4,120 bnshels; Irish potatoes, 240,542 bushels; sweet potatoes, 65,44^3 bushels; hay, 
80,159 tons; clover-seed, 2,525 bushels ; other grass-seed, 1,4(>3 bushels; hops, :54S pounds; water-rotted hemp, 570 tons; 
flax, 11,0.50 pounds ; flax-seed, S5S bushels ; molasses, 50 gallons ; wine, 145 gallons, etc. The value of orchard products 
amounted to $46,574; and the value of market-garden productn, to $12,714. 

Pro'UtctH of Animals.— ^odi., 57,765 pounds ; butter, 1,055,308 pounds ; cheese, 3,1S7 pounds ; and the value of animals 
Blanghtercd in the year, $373,665. Beeswax and honey were jiroduced to the amount of 41,243 pounds. 

Ilmne-made majivfactures, for the year ending 1st June, 1^50, were valued at $33,121. 

Mtniv/actn res.— Aggregate capital invested in manufactures, $0,000,000; value of raw material, fuel, etc.. consumed, 
$0,000,000; average number of hands emj)loyed, 00,000— males, 00,000, and females, 0,000; average monthly cost of 
labor— male, $000,000, and female, $00,(iOO; annual value of manufactured articles produced, $P,ooO,Of'0. The whole 
number of manufacturing establishments, producing to the value of $500 and upward in 1^50, was 513 ; and of tlicsc, 12 
were cotton factories, S woolen mills, 15 eslablishmcnts engaged in manufacturing iron, viz. : 13 iu manufacturing c^islings, 
and 2^^Tought iron, and 16 tanneries. In the cotton manufactures, the capital invested amounted to $460,000 ; the cotton con- 

173 



DELAWARE. 



gumed in the year, 4,?30 bales of 400 pounds ; and the value of all raw mat^'rial, $312,06S ; hands employed — male 413, 
and female 425 ; monthly cost of labor— male $6,326, and female $4,926 ; products for the year, 3,521,630 yards sheeting, 
etc., and 533,000 pounds yam, valued together at $535,439. The capital invested in the icooleii manufacture was 
$145,500 ; wool consumed, 893,000 pounds ; value of all raw material, $204,172 ; average hands employed — male 122, and 
female IS ; monthly cost of labor— male $2,293 and female $812 ; annual products, 152,000 yards of cloth, etc., valued in the 
aggregate at $251,010. In the manufacture of castings^ the capital invested was $373,500 ; the value of raw material, 
fuel, etc., $153,852 ; hands employed, 250, at average wages per month, $23.36. Castings mamifactured in the year, 3,630 
tons ; and value of entire products, $267,462, of which $55,000 was the value of articles other than castings. The capital 
invested in icrougld iron manufactures, amounted to $15,000 ; value of raw materials, $10,500 ; han<l9 employed, 50 
. males, at average monthly wages of $24.19 ; tons of wrought iron made in the year preceding, 550 ; and value of entire 
products, $55,000. In the tanneries, the capital employed amounted to $99,.350 ; tlie value of hides and skins used, $09,620 ; 
hands employed, 108, costing monthly, $2,630 ; number of sliins tanned, 12,950, and of sides of leather, 52,100— together 
valued at $163,742. The remaining employments of the aggregate number (513) are various, but in the main consist of 
mills for flouring, grist-mills, saw-mills, gunpowder-mills, paper-mills, smitherics, etc. ; and in the north are several 
machine-shops. Some salt is made from sea-water at Lewes and Eehoboth, and considerable ship-building is carried on 
at Wilmington. 

Foreign Commerce.— Tbc direct foreign commerce of Delaware is very inconsiderable, as the importations and expor- 
tations of the State are chiefly elfected through Baltimore, New York, and Philadelphia, especially the latter port ; the 
coasting trade, however, is extensive and active. During the year ending .30th .June, ISoO, no direct Imports or exports 
are recorded in the Treasury returns. The amount of shipping owned within the State at the above date amounted to 
16,719 tons, of which 1,651 tons was of the class "registered," 14,689 tons of the class "licensed and enrolled," and 447 
tons small Ucensed craft under 20 tons. The shipping sailed by steam-power amounted to 2,774 tons. There were 
built within the year 10 vessels, of an aggregate burden of 1,848 tons, viz. : 12 schooners, 3 sloops, and 1 steamer. The 
following table will exhibit the movement of foreign commerce in the State ttom 1791 to 1S50 : 



Tears. Ejcports. 

1791 $119,879 

1792 18.3,972 

1793 93,559 

1794 207,955 

1795 168,041 

1796 201,142 

1797 95,929 

1793 188,727 

1799 297,065 

ISOO 415,695 

ISOl 002,042 

1S02 440,,504 

1603 428,163 

1S04 697,896 

1805 858,888 

1806 500,106 

1S07 229,275 

1808 108,735 

1809 135.0.36 

1810 120,342 



Tears. Enporta. Imports. 

1811 $88,632 $— 

1812 29,744 ■ 

1S13 133,432 

1814 14,914 

1S15 105.102 

1816 56,217 

1817 44,854 

181S 81,525 ■ 

1519 29,828 

1520 89,493 

1521 85,445 80,997 

1522 165,492 216,969 

1523 58,837 0",124 

1S24 18,9&t 12.050 

1825 31,666 18,693 

1526 35,195 10,009 

1827 9,406 6,998 

1828 29,.396 15,260 

1829 7,195 24,179 

1880 52,258 26,674 



Years. 

1531... 

15.32... 

1538... 

1834... 

1535... 

1836... 

1S37... 

1535... 

15.39... 



Exports. Imports- 

$84,514 $21,656 

16,242 23,653 

45,911 9,04;5 

51,945 186,493 

85,826 10,611 

74,981 107.063 

40,383 66,841 

86,844 1,;S4S 

8,680 nono 

802 



1540 87,001 .... 

1541 88,585 3,276 

1842 58,665 8,587 

lS4;j 98,082 4,655 

1544 126,177 8.093 

1545 185,195 2.274 

1546 146,2^2 11,215 

1847 235,469 12,722 

1548 83,058 490 

1849 88,229 1,400 

1850 none none 



Internal Commtmicattwi. — Except in the north, where the State is crossed by a canal and two railroads, the lines of 
travel are over ordinary turnpike and M'Adam roads. The Chesapeake and Delaware Canal is an important work, 
connecting those bays by a channel navigable fur sea-going vessels ; it extends from Delaware City, 46 miles below 
Philadelphia, to Back Creek, a navigable branch of Elk liiver, in Maryland, 13_i miles, and is 60 feet wide at the top and 
10 feet deep, and it has two tide and two lift locks. The deep cut in this canal is 4 miles in length, through a hill 90 feet 
high. The work was completed in 1529, at a cost of $2,250,000. The Newcastle and Frenchtown E. E. extends also 
across the peninsula, between the Delaware and the Chesapeake, 16i miles, and, in connection with steamboats at each 
terminus, forms a convenient line of transportation between Philadelphia and Baltimore. The Philadelphia, Wilmington, 
and Baltimore E. E. crosses Delaware further north, and is the nearest land line between those cities, and the usual route 
taken by travelers between the Northern and Southern States. These are all the completed works of internal improve- 
ment within the State, but there are others projected and in progre.'^s, the object of which are principally to form a direct 
line from New York to Norfolk in Virginia, and incidentally to afford accommodation to the agriculturalists of the 
eotithem sections. 

Hanks, etc.— On the 1st day of January, 1551, there were in Delaware six banks and three branch banks. The 
aggregate condition of these at that date was as follows : UaliUUes — capital, $1,293,155 ; circulation, $533,900 ; deposits, 
$592,765 ; other liabihties, $170,878 ; and nssffe— loans and discounts, $2,234,513 ; stocks, $62,983 : real estate, $1 17,941 ; 
other investments, $2,000 ; other assets, $251,145 ; specie funds, $51,022, and specie, $159,778. 

Government— The present constitution of Delaware gives the right of voting to all free white male citizens 21 years 
old, and who have resided in the State one year and in the county in which they offer to vote one month next before an 
election. 

The legislature, styled the General Assembly, consists of a Senate and Ilouse of Eepresentatives. Senators, three from 
each county, must be at least 27 years old, possessed of 200 acres of (Veehold land in the county, or of an estate therein 
worth $1,000, citizens and inhaljitants of the State for three years, and for the last year of the county, and must be 
chosen in counties for the term of four years. Eepresentatives must be at least 24 years old, and have tiie same qualifi- 
cations as senators, except as regards the property qualillcatlon, and must be clKtsen for two years. The legislature 
meets at Dover on the first Mondav in January biennially 
174 



DELAWARE. 



Delaware sends only one Kcpresent.ilive to the Federal Congress. 

The Governor (elected for four years by a plurality of votes) must be at least 30 years old, a citizen of the State for 
twelve years next before the first meeting of the legislature afler his election, and an inhaliilant for the last six years. 
The President of the Senate, the Speaker of the Picpresentatives, and the Secretary of State are successively alternates 
to fill the office should it become vacant by death or disability of the Governor; but in case the office be filled by the 
Secretary of State, the General Assembly, at its next session, chooses a Governor ad interim. If the Governor elect die, 
decline, etc., the Governor in ofllce continues until a new election is had. The Secretary of State is appointed by the 
Governor. The general elections are held on the second Tuesday of November. 

The Judiciary consists of a Superior Court, Court of Chancery, Orphans' Court, etc. There are five judges in the 
State, one of whom is Chancellor and President of the Orphans' Court, and of the other four, one is Chief Justice of the 
State, and three associate justices, one resident in each county. The Chief Justice and two of the associates form the 
Superior Court and Court of General Session, and all the judges, except the Chancellor, form the Court of Oyer and 
Terminer. The Court of Errors and Appeals is composed of three or more of the judges. The Orphans' Court consists 
of the Chancellor and the associate judge of the county. Judges are appointed and hold office during good behavior. 
The Eegister's Court is held by the Kegisler, with appeal to the Superior Court, and all proceedings are in writing. 

The constitution provides that no act of incorporation shall be passed without a two-third vote, unless it be the renewal 
of an existing incorporation ; and all acts are to contain a power of revocation by the legislature. No act hereafter 
passed shall be in force longer than twenty years without a rc-cnactraent of the legislature. No person belonging to the 
mihtary, naval, or marine service of the United States can gain such a residence as will entitle him to vote by being 
stationed at any military or naval post in the State. 

^iriarwes, etc. — The government of Delaware is one of the least expensive in the Union. In 1S50 the whole income 
amoimted to only $31,863 33, and the exiienditure to a sum $5,071 41 less than the income. The sources of income 
were— bank lax, $3,963 61 ; railroad tax. $2,500 ; interest on loans, $5,147 62 ; bank dividends, $15,305 ; retailers' licenses, 
etc., $4,852 SO; fines, etc., $549 81, and sundries, $45 49. The expenditures were— executive, $3,333 33; legislature, 
$2,010 97; judiciary, $5,500; school fund, $15,947 62, and balance, $5,071 41. The resources of the State are amply 
euflflcient to meet all expenses of the government without recourse to personal or property tax. The invested capital of 
the State (including school moneys) amounts to $414,725 S3, and the permanent annual income is as follows: dividends 
and interest on loans, $20,052 64; taxes on corporations, $5,725; retailers' and tavern licenses, $4,352 SO; fines and 
forfeitures, $549 SI, and sundries, $1,073 75. The State is free from debt of any description. 

Eeligious Denovtinatwns, — The statistics of the several religious denominations, as given by each severally, in 1S50, 
were as follows: the Protestant Episcopal had a bishop, 16 clergymen, 537 communicants; the Uoman Catholics had 
4 churches (at Brandywine, Delaware City, Newcastle, and 'Wilmington), and 3 priests ; the Baptists (regular) had 1 
church, 3 ordained and 2 licensed ministers, and 352 members; the Baptists (anti-mission) had 10 churches, 3 ordained 
find 3 licensed preachers, and 335 members; the Presbyterians (O. S.) belong to the Synod of Philadelphia and Presby- 
tery of Newcastle, and had 17 ministers and 1,276 members; the Presbyterians (N. 8.) belong to the Synod of Penu- 
eylvania and Presbytery of "Wilmington, and had 15 clergy and 1.324 members; the Methodists have about 20 ministers, 
and are more numerous than any other fiingle denomination; and there arc also a considerable number of Quakers in 
the Slate. 

Editcational Staihiics. — The number of free schools in the State in 1S50, was 209, and of scholars attending them 
13,2SS, divided as follows : Newcastle County, 72 schools and 4,969 scholars ; Kent County, 55 schools and 3,876 scholars, 
and Sussex County, S2 schools and 4,448 scholars. The total amount paid for tuition was $3S,461 70, viz. : in Newcastle, 
$17,293 72 ; in Kent, $10,964 72, and in Sussex, $10,203 2G ; and there was a sum charged for contingencies amounting 
to $5,747 &S, making the annual cost, $44,209 35. The sources whence these moneys were derived are stated thus — from 
School Fund, $27,507 33, and from contribution and tax, $17,099 56. Besides these there are between 84 and 40 
academies and grammar schools in the State. Delaware College, at Newark, was founded in 1833, and in 1S50 had a 
president, 5 professors, and 30 students : its alumni at that period numbered 78, of which 42 were in the ministry, and 
its library contained 7,000 volumes. St. Mary's College, at Wilmington, is under the sway of the Poman Catholics, and 
is, perhaps, the best literary institution of the State ; in 1850 it had a president and 3 professors, and 107 students. 

Periodical Press. — The whole number of newspapers published in Delaware in 1S50 was 11, and of these 2 were 
issued tri-weekly, 1 semi-weekly, and 8 weekly (of the weekly, however, 3 are editions of the tri-weeklies and the ?emi- 
weekly newspapers). The total circulation of each edition of the tri-weeklies was 1,900, of the semi-weekly 1,000, and 
of the weeklies 4,600 copies— in the aggregate equal to 12,300 copies weekly, or 639,600 copies annually. 

Historical Sketch. — Lord De la War, Governor of Virginia, appears to have been the first to enter the bay which 
thence took his name. This was in 1610. The Dutch, from whom the names of its capes are derived, frequented it 
soon after, and had a post at Ilcerenkill, but the precise date of their arrival is uncertain. The bay was by them called 
Nieuw Port May, or Gcedyn's Bay, and the river Zuyd Eivier, or South Hivor. The Swedish W. I. Company, chartered 
in 1635 by Oxenstiem sent out in 1C3T a ship with a body of colonists under Peter Menewe or Minuits. In the following 
year Minuits seated himself on the Maniques, now Brandj-wine River, and there built Fort Christina. The Dutch, 
however, had never relinquished their claim in this region, and in 1651 they built Fort Cassimir on the site of New- 
castle. The subsequent settlements of the Swedes were mostly within the present limits of Pennsylvania, where New 
Gntfenburg (Nya-Goetheborg), the capital of New Sweden (Nya-Sveriga), was founded on the Island of Tinicum. In 
1655 a small force from New Amsterdam reduced the Swedish settlements, which were incorporated with New Nether- 
lands, and with that colony taken possession of by the English in 16W. The settlements on the Delaware, although this 
region fell within the chartered limits of Maryland, were attached to the province of New York until 16SI. when they were 
purchased of the Duke of Fork by William Pcnn, who annexed them to Pennsylvania under the name of the TerHfon'ea, 
or the Three Lmcer Counties on the DeJaicare. They continued subordinate to that province, though with a distinct 
legislature, from 1701 until 1776, when Delaware declared itself an independent State, and a constitution was framed by the 
inhabitants thereof. By this constitution the executive power was vested in a President and Privy Council, elected by 
the legislature. In 1792 a new constitution was framed, which was modified in 18(i2, in 1S31, and in 1838 ; and it is now 
again proposed to alter the fundamental law. The principal provisions of the present constitution are given elsewhere. 
Delaware has hitherto been one of the least progressive of the American States, but within tiie last decade iU population, 
material wealth, and general interests have been developed in a verj- respectable ratio. 

Dover is the capital of the State. 

175 



DEL 

lliiL.vw.Min cniinly, li. Pilimto N. E., nuil cniilnlns 57G 
sq. 111. Dniiiic-d by nnmeroiis lrilniliiru\'t of Miikoqucin r., 
which piiwi's lliroiii;li llio co. from N. W. ti) S. K., furnish- 
ing <'xcvllvnl liiill-l>"W«'- Surfiico ohiofly jirairic, iiiliT- 
liiixcil Willi liiiiluT Ri-ovcs. Soils of gooil quiilily, <lc!C|) iiml 
prralucilvu. Furins 111 ; miiiiuf. 3; dwell. »iS, iind pop— 
wh. 1,750, fr. col. 0— toml 1,759. Oqiitnl : Kelhi. 

DKi.AWAitn eouiily, Ind. Sllimlo E., mid conliiins S94 
sq. 111. Drained liy Willie mid Mlssissincwa rivern. Sur- 
face level or gently imduintini;, mid nioslly well llmliered. 
■\Vlieul mill Irulian corn are liir(jely produced, and much 
nlteiilion is siveii lo sl.ick. Farms 1,(134 ; nianuf. 31 ; dwell. 
1,S74, and pop— wh. 10,S.39, fr. col. 4— loUd 10,S43. Oifii- 
till; Muncielown. J'liMic ll'i«*s; Indianapolis and ISellc- 
fontahio K. U. ; Port Wayne and Soulhcrn U. li. 

Dklawaue eounly. A'. Y. Situnto toward the S. E., and 
contains 1,8G3 sq. in. llraiiiod liy the Mohawk or Delawaro 
r. and its uflluciit.s. Surface Rrcally dlvcr,«illed l>y \alicys 
and uiountains; the latter being cxtroineiy irregular, and 
broken by numerous streams. Soils generally of good 
quality- in the valleys a rieli deep mold, and on the Iiills a 
sandy loam, somctime.s atony. Dense forests cover a great 
portion of tlie land. Grain and grass are produced aliuml- 
aiitly, and grazing U much attended to, the butter produced 
being second only in quality to lliat of Oneida co. Lum- 
ber is floated to market on tlie Delaware and Silsquehanna 
rivers. Farms 4,747 ; manuf. 438 ; dwell. 7,105, and pop— 
wh. 89,C2S, fr. eol. 2110— total 30,834. CapiUd : Delhi. J'uti- 
lic lloj-to; New York and Erie U. U. 

Dm.AWABB county, Ohio. Situate centrally, and con- 
tains Cl'2 sq. m. Drained by Scioto and Wlielslone rivers, 
and Alum and Big Walnut creeks, which run from N. toS. 
tlirougli tlie CO., and t\irnisli extensive water-power. Sur- 
face rolling, and well supplied with timber. Soils gen- 
erally of excellent fertility— wlicat, Indian corn, potatoes, 
grasses, tobacco, etc., grow finely, and catdc, sliecp, and 
swluo are raised in largo numiicrs. Farms 1,855; niamif. 
95; dwell. 8,754, and pop— wh. 21,083, IV. eol. 135— total 
21,817. aij)it<i!: Delaware. Public \l'oi*x: Cleveland, 
Columbus, and Olncimiati It. K. ; Springllcld, Mount Ver- 
non and Pittsburg K. K., etc. 

Dki.awarb county, /V«n. Situate 9. E. extreme, and 
contains 224 sq. nl. Drained by Darby, Kidley, and Chester 
creeks of Delaware r., wliicli forms its S. K. Irardcrs. The 
surface is moderately undulaling, and the soils very fertile 
and higlily cultivated. Us agricultural proiincts are wheat, 
Indian corn, and potatoes, bcsiiies whicli it furnisiies nu 
immense amount of vegetables for the I'liiladclpliia mar- 
kets. It has a large trade, and Its manufacturing interest 
U very extensive, embracing woolens, cotton goods, leatlier, 
crockery, and paper. Farms 1,376; inanuf. 209; dwell. 
4,11S, and pop.— wh. 23,120, fi-. col. l,5.->9— total 24,070. 
Ctipiliil: Chester. PiMio n'orks: Philadelphia and Co- 
lumbia R.E.J Philadolphia, Wilmington, and Btdtinioro 
K. n., etc. 

Delawauk, p. T., Jersey co,, HI. : in the N. E. part of thp 
CO., 61 m. S. W. Springncld. 

Dklawaue, p. o., Itipley co., Ind. : 72 m. S. E. Indian- 
apolis. 
Delaware, p. o., Indian country, Jft>?«'. Ter. 
Delawaue, t. and p. v., Pike co., Pemi. : on the W. side 
of Delaware r., 126 m. N. E. Harrisburg. Tlie v. lies on 
the Delaware. The lands are drained by Dingiuan's cr. 
and Bushkill cr. Pop. SOI. 

Delawaue, I., p. v., and cap. Delaware co., Ohio ; on Iho 
W. bank of the (lleatangy or Whetstone r., 22 ra. N. by W. 
Columbus. The t. contains a handsome C. U. and other 
CO. oOlces, C churches, several factories and miiis, etc., and 
of late has become connected with tlie railway commerce 
of the State, by which 11 will rapidly increase in importance 
and wealth. It lies on the line of an E. and W. railroad, 
and h.as connections willi the Cleveland, Columbus, and 
Oiucinnati It. It., which runs N. and S. about 4 m. to 
176 



DEL 

the eastward of tlio place. Thcso connect it with tlio 
general system of western railroads, and hence with all tlio 
great centres of niamifactures, trade, and commerce. Tho 
"Democratic Standard" (dem.), ami the "Democratic Oa- 
zclla" (whig), are issued weekly. Pop. of v. 2,075— of t. 3,322. 
Delawaek bay : at the mouth of Delaware r., is a largo 
arm of the sea, 75 m. Icing and 2ll across its moutli, belwccu 
Cape May on the N. and Capo Ilenlopen on the S. In tho 
middle it is 80 in. wide. The navigation is dangerous and 
dilllciilt, liciiig interrupted by many shoals, llclow Port 
Penn, 70 111. from ttic ocean, the liay has no safe natural 
barrier, nor is there one for several humlrcd ni. S. from 
New York. To partially remedy tliis inconvenience, tlio 
United States Government have erected a inagnillcent 
breakwater within Cajie ilenlopen. The anchorage ground, 
or roadstead, is in a cove directly west of the Cape. Tho 
east or seaward end of the breakwater rests on the S. end 
of an extensive shoal, cidled tho Shears, about 2 m. N. of tho 
Capo. (A'C(> Delawaue, The Slate of). 

Delaware river: rises in two branches on the W. sido 
of Catskill MounUiins, in the State of New Y'ork— tlie Mo- 
hawks, or main brnncli, rises from a small lake near the bor- 
ders of Schoharie County, in 42° 45' N. laL, al an elevation of 
1,880 feel above llile water, and flows S.W. across Delaware 
County, nearly 50 m. to the E. line of Broome County, witliiri 
10 ni. of tho Susquehanna r., and turning suddenly, it pur- 
sues a 9. E. course of 5 m. lo tlio Pennsylvania line, in 42<' 
N. lal., 8 m., below whicli it receives the Popacton brancli 
from llie 8. E. This branch rises in Koxbury township, 
Delaware CO., and pursues a S. W. course, about 50 m. 
parallel with Ihc main branch. From the Junction of tlio 
two branches the river proceeds In a wuiding course, S. E. 
for CO m. to the N. W. corner of New Jersey, in 41° 24' N. 
lat. al Carpcnlcr's Point, and tlie mouth of Nevcrsink r. It 
tlien turns to tho 9. W., along the base of the Killaning 
chain ofnionnlains, .36 ni., wlicn it passes tliis mountain by 
wlial is called the " Water Gap," which is considered a 
natural wonder. The distance through the mountain is 
about 2 m., and llic banks rise in a rugged and lolly wall, 
1,600 feel high, precipitously from the water's edge, leaving 
al llie S. E. entrance scarcely room for a road, overhung 
Willi immense masses of rock. Tho passage, however, 
widens toward tlio N. W., imd tho river contains somo 
beaiitilul and fertile islands. Through this gap will bo 
built a railroad, connecting llie Wyoming eoal-tletd of Penn- 
sylvania Willi the Eastern raarkcls. Tlie view of the gap is 
li'ighly jiicturcsque, and tlie river here has great depth. 
From Uiis point it pursues a S. E., and then a S. W. course 
to Easton, where it receives the Lehigh, a large tributary 
river, IVom the W. A little below, the river passes through 
South Mountain, and has a S. E. course to Trenton, GO m. 
below Elusion, having in that dislance 25 rapids, with a total 
fall of 1C5 feel. These rapids are navigable al liigli water. 
At Trenton is a fail thai obstructs navigation, and below 
which it enters tide water. Tlie river 8. of Trenton turns 
lo the 8. W., until near the bay, which enters llic ocean in a 
8. E. direction. Five miles below Philadelphia, it receives 
the Sclmylkill r., a large Iriliutary from tlie N. W. Tho 
whole course of the r., from its source to the entrance into 
tlie bay, is about 800 m., ami to its culmnco into the ocean, 
875 ra. It is navigable for ships of the line to Philadelphia, 
by the course of tho river aud bay 120 m. from the ocean, 
and 45 111. from the entrance into tlie bay ; and for sloops 
85 m. farther, or 155 from the ocean lo Trenton. Above tho 
falls, al Trenton, it is navigable for boats of 8 or 9 tons for 
100 m. The Delaware r. is connected with tho Hudson r. 
and the bays of New Y'ork by tho Delaware and Hudson 
Canal, by tho Morris Canal, and by the Delaware and 
P.ariUin Canal. On these great works, a vast amoiinl of 
coal from the Pennsylvania and Maryland mines is an- 
nually transported, 'f licre is also a canal from Delaware 
City, 42 mites below Philadei]ihia, lo Back cr., a tributary 
of Elk r., which falls into Chesapeake Bay ; this opens a 



DEL 



DEN 



navigable comiminlHution between lialtiiiiDre ami Pliiladd- 
pliiu, I'to. Several bridges cross llio Delaware, Uie lowest 
<jf which isat 'I'reMtoii. 

J)ki.awai{F, litiwiiv., p. o., Sullivan en., A'. Y. 

iJiiLAWAKB Cut, p. v., NewciiHtle e<»., IM. : on tlic W. 
side or Delaware r., 'iS ni. N. by W. Dover, and about -IS iii. 
below i*liila<ii-Ipliia. The Che.sapeake and Delaware Canal 
has il.s K. terminus at this point, atid the village hiui several 
■warehouses, stores, and about tiD dwellings. 

Dj:i,awarb Gkcjvk, p. o., Mercer co., I*enn.:2{>S ni. 
■\V. N. W. Itarrisburg. 

Dki.av, p. o., La Eayettc co., Afi'is. : 142 ni. N. by K. 
Jackson. 

DKLKfTABLB illLI., p. V., Plko CO., ItkI. ." 100 lU. S. W. 

Indianapolis. b 

Di.i,nr, p. v., Jersey co., 7?'. ; &i ni. S. S. W. Springfield. 

DiiMii, ]), v., and cap. Delaware co., la.: on a er. of 

Mak(HjU(-tii r., 50 m. N. by K. lowii City. It is situated in 

the centre of the co., and about 8 ra. N. E. of Makoquuta 

river. 

DKi.nr, t., p. v., and cap. Duhiware co., jY }'..• 60 m. 
W. y. W. Albany. 'J'he surfaco is somewhat broken by 
fleveral tributaries of I>elaware r., which here unite and 
form the Mohawks or W. branch of that river. The soil in 
tlie valleys is highly fertile. Tiio v. ts pleasantly situate on 
a plain, W. of the Mohawks, and contains about 800 inhab- 
itanl-s. Jt haa a substantial court-house and jail, an ineur- 
poralcd academy, numerous factories, mills, and meeJianic 
filutps, and between 25 and 80 st^jres. Two newspapers nro 
Lssucd weekly, tJie " D. Express" (whig), and the "D. Ga- 
zette" (dem.) Delhi has a daily connection with Catskill 
and Kingston by stages. I'op. ii,!>('9. 

DKr.nr, p. v., Winnebago co., Wt'sc: 79 m. N. N. E. 
Madison. 

Dkliii Ckntiik, p. o., Ingham co., Mie/r. : 7 m, 8. Lansing. 

Dki.lona, p. v., Kaukco., Wl^c: on Deli cr. of Wisconsin 
r., 'J;J m. N. W. Maiiiscm. 

Dici-rm, p. v., and cap. Carroll co., /nd.: on the high N. 
bank of Deer cr, one mile from ils eonfluenci- with the 
Wabash r.. anri on tlie line of the Wabiish and Krie Canal, 
60 m. N. W. Indianapolis. It contains a wjurt-house and 
other public oftlces, 5 churches, about 200 dwellitigs, and 
1,200 inhabitants, and liere are published the " Weekly 
Times" (deni.), and the "Delj.hi Journal" (whig), both 
Issued weekly. It has an active canal businens, and is a 
depot of a very fertile, extensive, and rapi<lly-improviiig 
neighborhood. 

DEr.rnr, p. v., Oasconado co.. Mo.: on the N. 8i<le of 
Bourbeufo cr. of Maramec r,, 42 m. S. K. Jeffersc^n Cily. 

DEi.rnr, t. and j). o., Hamilton co., O/tio: on the N. side 
of the Ohio r,, between Cincinnati and South Jlend, 100 ni. 
S. W. Columbus. Tho Cincinnati and St. Loubj II. R. 
passes through it. Top. 1,942. 

DEU-nr, p. v., Onondaga eo., X Y.: on the W. side of 
Limestone cr., a Irjl.utary of Chittenango cr., 21 m. S. K. 
Syracuse, and 112 W. by N. Albany. It haa about 40 
dwellings and 800 inhabitants. 

Dki.i'uos, p. v., Van Wert co., Ohio: on tho Miami Canal, 
00 m. N. W. Columbus. 

Delputon, p. v., Fayette co., Ay. .- 201 m. E. by f?. 
Frankfurt, 

Dei-ijav, p. 0., Upson county, Ga. : 72 m. W. by Ji. 
Mllledgeville. 

Dki.ta county, Mt'cJi. Situate between Lake Michigan 
and tlie Menomonce r., and contains about 2,100 sq. m. 
Erected flince l->.'>0. 

Delta, p. v., Parke eo., Tnd. : 90 m. W. Indianapolis. 

Delta, t. and p. o., Katon co.. ^firh. : 4 m. W. Lansing. 
Grand r. runs through the N. and E. parts of the t. P. 242, 

Delta, p. v., Coahoma co., Mim. : on the E. bank of tho 
Mississippi r.. immediately below the Yazoo liayou, 183 m. 
N. by W. Jackson. 

Delta, p. v., Oneida co., K Y. : on the W. side of Mo- 



hawk r. and tho Itlack liiver Canal, 90 m.W. N.W. Albany. 
It has several factories and mills, and about 800 inhabilunts. 
Delta, p. v., Fulton co., Ohio: on a er.of Maumco r.,122 
m. N. N. AV. Columbus. 

Dkmochai'V. p. v., Knox co., O/tio: on the lino of tho 
Springfield, Mount Vernon, and Pittsburg li. Ji.,4G m.N. E. 
Colunilnis, 

Dkmocuacv, \). v.. Pike county, A'l/.: IM m. E. S. E. 
Frankfort. 

Demociiat, p. v., Kuncombc CO., K Car. : 2;JS ni. W. 
l;aU-igh. 

Dhmocuat, p. o., Iroquois county, III. : 123 m. N. E. 
Springlleld. 

DicMoi'oLis, i>. T.. Marengo CO., Ala. : on tlie E. side of 
Tonibigbeo r., a little lielow llie contluenee of Illaek Warrior 
r, 92 m. W. by N Moulgomery. It is a flourishing v., haa 
considerable comtnerce, and a i»opuIation rjf 800 souls. 

Dk,mos, p. v., lielniont eo., Ohio: 114 ni. E. Columbus. 
DKMrsEVTOWN,p.v., Vcuaugo CO., /V7i7i. ; 17;3ra.W.N.W. 
Harris burg. 

Dknmakk, v., Iroquois co., III.: 12S m. N.E. Bprlngfiold. 

Denmakk, p. v., LrM: eo., lu. : about 3 ni. 8. of Skunk r., 
and 08 S. by E. Iowa City. 

Denmark, t. aiul p, o., Oxford eo., jV>'.: on tho N. side 
of Saco r., fiG m. 8.W. Augusta. It is a lino wheat-growing 
section. Pop. 1,2-18. 

Denmakk, t. and p. v., Lewis co,, A'l }'. ; on the W. sldo 
of IJIaek r., 120 m. N. W. Albany, and drained chielly by 
Deer cr. Surface somewhat hilly, ami soil, rich loam, on a 
Umestone basis. The v. lies on the river bank, and contains 
ab(tut 80 dwellings ainI 2^0 inhabilants. P»ip. oft. 2.2S4, 

Dknmai'.k, t. and p. o., Aslitabula co,, Ohio: ICS m.N.E. 
Columbus, pop. 241. 

DicNMAKK, p. v., Madison co„ Teim,: on a cr. of Hig 
Uatehie r, 188 m. W. S. W. Nashville. 

Dennino, p. v., Ulster co., jV. )'. ; 07 m. S. by W. Albany. 

De.nkis, t. and p. v., IJurnstable co., Mam.: 04 n\. S. E. 
Boston. The t. extends across Cape Cod. The v. lies on 
Cape ('o<l Bay. Salt is here procured in large quanlilies by 
tliecvajioraliou of sea-water. Tho inliabilants own consid- 
erat>le tonnage, which \& engaged iu coasting and the shore 
fisheries. Pop. 3,267. 

Den.ms' Ceeek, p. o,. Capo May co., K. Jar. : on Dennis 
cr., a tributary of ])elaware r,, 09 ni. S, Trenton. 

Dennis' Mu.i^, j). o., St. Helena iiar,, J.a. : 30 m. N. E. 
Raton Kouge. 

Dknnison's C<jnSE)t.s, p. o., Herkimer co., JV }'. .■ 72 m. 
N. E. Albany. 

Dennisville, p. v., Amelia county, Vir(/.: 89 m. 8. W. 
Piehmond. 

Den.ny, p. o., Warren co., J II : SOm. N. W. Springfleld. 

IJennvsville, t. and p. o., Wasliington co., Me. : on tho 
N. E. of Denny's river of Cobscook IJay, 181 m. E. by N. 
Augusta. 

Denoon, p. v., Waukesha co., WiJin. : 55 m. E. Madison. 

Ijensontown, p. v., Kankin co., Miftn. 

Dent county, Mo. Situate S. E. centrally, and contains 
fM<l H<i. in. Drained in the N. by tributaries of Maramec r,, 
and in tho S. the head wal*Ts of Current r., all of which havo 
their s<iurees ill a chain of hills, and traverse the co. in au 
E. and W. direction. Organized since ]ri50. 

Dent, p. 0., Hamilton co., Ohio: 100 ni. S. W. by W 
C<dnmbus. 

Denton county, 71^. Situate N., and contains 900 sq. m. 
Drained by the upper streams of Trinity r.. which hero 
Kpreail widely over the whole co. Surface elevati-d and 
well wooded. Soils of extraordinary fertility. Farms 81 ; 
nianuf. ; dwelt. lo9, and pop.— wh. 081, fr. ml. 0, si. 10— 
U>tal 041. Cajnt'il: Alton. 

Benton, p. v., and cap. Caroline eo., Md.: on tho E. 
side of Choplank r.,80 m. K. by S. Annajfolis. It is a place 
of considerable trade, and contains a substantial court- 
bouse, three churches, a bank, etc. 

177 



DEN 



DET 



Denton Ceeek, p. v., Denton co., Tex.: on Denton 
Fork of Trinity r., 216 m. N. by E. Austin City. 

Dknville, p. v., Morris co., iV' J&\: 49 m. N. by E. 
Trenton. 

Depanville, p. v., .Teffcrson Co., N. Y.: at the falls of 
Catfish cr., IGS m. N. W. Albany. It contains several mills 
and about 30 dwcUinga, 

De 1'eysteb, t. and p. v., St. Lawrence co., IT. Y. : on 
the P. of Black Lake and Oswegatchic r., 152 m. N. W. 
Albany. The soils are excellent — surface undulating. The 
vilhigo is a sniall agricultural settlement, containing about 
40 inhabitants. 

De Pieke, p. v., and cap. Brown co., Wise. : on the E. 
side of the Neenah or Fox r., 112 m. N. N. E. Madison. It 
is situated at the De I'iere rapids, which afford immense 
water-power. It is a village of great expectations. 

Deposit, p. v., Delaware co., S. Y. : on the N. side of 
Delaware r., 90 m. S. "W. Albany. The New York and 
Erie 11. E. passes through the place, 1S7 m. from New York 
and 2S2 m. from Dunkirk. It has long been noted as a place 
of deposit for lumber floated down the Delaware, and has 
otherwise an extensive and valuable trade. The population 
is now about &00 souls. The "D. Courier" is published 
weekly. 

Deeby, t and p. v., New ITaven co., Omn. : .36 m. S. S.TY. 
Barlford. Drained by Naugatuck r. and other streams of 
the Housatonic r., which last washes its S. W. border. The 
principal village is situated at the head of sloop navigation, 
on the E. side of the Ilousatonic, just below the confluence 
of the Naugatuck, 12 m. from the sound. It has consider- 
able coasting trade. The I. has numerous manufactures, 
chiefly of -wool and cotton. Pop. 3,S24- 

Derby, L and p. v., Orleans co., Venn. : 55 m. N. by E. 
Montpelier. Lake Memphremagog bounds it on the AV., 
and the Interior is drained by Clyde r., wliich rises in 
Salem Pond, and affords water-power. The country is here 
well timbered and the lands fertile. Pop. 1,750. 

Derby Line, Orleans CO., Venn.: 53 m. N. by E. 
MontpeBer. 

Dekickson's Cross Hoads, p. o., "Worcester co., Md. : on 
tho S. side of Aydclotte*3 Branch of Pocomoke r., 78 m. 
S. E. Annapolis. 

Derry, t. and p. v., Eockingham co., K JTamp.: 2S m. 
S. S. E. Concord. Its lands are well adapted to grazing, 
and it has some manufactures. The \illagc is pleasantly 
located on the E. side of Beaver r., and is intersected by 
the Manchester and Lawrence E. R., 11 ni. from Man- 
chester. Pop. oft. 1,^50. 

De Eutter, t. and p. v., Madison co., JV" Y. : 105 m. "W. 
Albany. Drained by the ujiper stream of Tioughnioga r. 
Surface high and hilly, with soils clay and sandy loam. 
The V. on the S. E. side of the r. has about 60 dwellings 
and 350 inhabitants. Pop. oft, 1,931. 
Des Ako, p. 0., Prairie co., Ark: 

Desha county, Ai'/c. Situate S. E., and contalna 612 sq. 
m. The Arkaasas and "White rivers unite in this co., and 
fall into the Mississippi, wliich borders it on the E. Bayou 
Bartholomew also traverses the co. from N. W. to S. E., be- 
sides which drainage is effected by a numberof lakelets and 
creeks tributaries to the great streams above named. Sur- 
face low and level, subject to extensive inundations. Soils 
fertile, where susceptible of cultivation. Farms 1 IS ; manuf. 
2; dwell. 860, and pop.— wh. 1,675, fr. col. 56, si. 1,16U~ 
total 2,900. CaintGl : Napoleon. 

Des Moines county, la. Situate S. E. on Mississippi r., 
and contains 3S4 sq. m. Drained by Flint cr. and other 
tributaries of the Mississippi. Skunk r. washes the S. bor- 
der, and has also several creeks fr<tm the interior. Surface 
undulating, with high bluffs facing the Mississippi. Soils 
fertile. Farms 353; manuf. 23; dwell. 1,919, and pop.— 
wh. 12,963, fr. col. 24— total 12,987. Capital: Burlington. 
Des Moines lake, La Porte co., Ind. : a beantiful lake in 
the N. E. comer of the county, and is variously called Dis- 
1T8 



maugh or Dishamine, words corrupted from Des Moines, 
which signifies the Lake of the Monks. 

Des Moines river, la. : rises in the Cotcau des Prairies, 
and flows in a S. E. direction, through the S. part of the 
State, and enters the Mississippi at the foot of Des Moines 
Eajiids, on the boundary between Iowa and Missouri. In 
high stages of the water it is navigable 100 miles for steam- 
boats, and for keel-boats in all seasons. It is the great inte- 
rior river of the State, and ought, with propriety, to have 
given its name to it 

De Soto parish, La. Situate on "W. border of State, be- 
tween Eed r. on the E., and Sabine r. on the "W., and con- 
tain 828 sq. m. Drained by a number of streams tributary 
to the Sabine, and Bayou Pierre Lake. Surface mucli 
varied, but nowhere hilly. Bayou Pierre Lake, a large 
pieoe of water, occupies the N. E. comer of the co. Cotton 
and Indian corn are the chief products. Farms 427 ; manuf. 
9 ; dwell. 6S5, and pop.— wh. 8,548, ft. col. 25, si. 4,446— 
total 8,019. Capital: Mansfield. 

De Soto county, Miss. Situate N. W., and contains S40 
sq. m. Drained by Cold-"Water r. and other streams fiow- 
ing "W. into the Mississippi r., which washes its N.W. line- 
Surface low, but not swampy, or liable to overflows. Soils 
good, and productive of cotton, Indian corn, and potatoes. 
Timber plentiful. Farms 1,257; manuf. 33; dwell. 1,614, 
and pop.— wh. 9,487, fr. col. 2, si. 9,553— total 19,062. Cap- 
ital: llcrnando. 

De Soto, p. v., Jasper co., Mo, : on Drywood cr., a branch 
of Marmiton cr, of Osage r., 135 m. S. "ft^ Jefferson City. 

Des Peres, p. v., St. Louis co., Mo. : on the r. so called, 
97 m. E. Jefferson City. 

DESRAYAiTsrviLLE, p. V., Eapidos par., Za. : 107 m. N. W. 
Eaton Eouge. 
Detroit, p. v., Pike co., lU. : 76 m. "W. by S. Springfield. 
Detroit, p. v., Marion co., Ala.: 153 m. N. "W. 
Montgomery. 
Detroit, p. o., Somer.wt CO., Me, 

Detroit, p. city, and cap. Wayne co., 3ficJi. : on the N.W 
bunk of Detroit strait or river. 82 m. E. S. E. Lansing; lat 
42^ 24' N., and long. 82° 58' W— 526 m. from Washingloo. 
The city extends along the river more than a mile and a 
half, the centre of it being about 7 m. Trom Lake St. Clair 
and IS m. from Lake Erie. The original bed of the river 
opposite Detroit, and for a mile above and about three 
miles below, varies from 4S to 52 chains in width, averag- 
ing five-eighths of a mUe— the width from the docks of De- 
troit to the opposite docks of Sandwich being about half a 
mile. The depth between the docks varies from 12 to 43 
feet, averaging 82 feet ; the descent from Lake St Clair to 
Lake Erie is about 6 feot, or 3 inches per mile ; and the 
velocity of the current in the deepest part of the channel 
opposite the city is 2i m. an hour. Tlio stream is so deep 
and its current so strong and uniform, that it keeps itself 
clear, and its navigation is not affected as is that of the Mis- 
sissijjpi with either rocks, sandbars, trees, or sawyers. Its 
current also carries along the ice with a slow and uniform 
motion, so that it is never dammed up in winter, while tho 
St. Lawrence, at ^Montreal, is shallow and full of rocks, 
against which the ice lodges, and often forms a dam across 
the river antl raises the water from 20 to 25 fcet^ overflow- 
ing its low banks for miles, and sweeping off and destroy- 
ing large amoimls of property. These pecuharities of ihe 
river make Detroit a secure and aca'ssible harbor in all 
seasons. 

The plan of the city is rather uncouth, and labored with 
much mathemalieal ingenuity, better suited, it is acknowl- 
edged, to flnller the fancy than to promote practical utility. 
Upon the river, and for 1,200 feet back, it is rectangular — in 
the rear of this triangular. Tlie streets are spacious ; among 
the more noted are the eight avenues— JIadisun, Michigan 
Grand, and "Washington Grand avenues, each 200 feet 
wide; Woodward, Monroe, Miami. Macomb, and Jefferson 
avenues, each 120 feet wide, and all, except Michigan, 



DET 



DET 



Monroe find Jefferson, terminating at one point, calk-d flie 
Grand Circus. The other streets are 60 feet wide, and gen- 
erally eross at right angles. Atwater Street, upon the river, 
and Woodbridge Street, running parallel with it upon the 
declivity, are mostly occupied by stores and dealers in 
heavy merchandise. Woodward Avenue, leading from the 
river at right angles with Jefferson Avenue, Ihrough Camp- 
us Martius and the central part of the city, ranks ns among 
the first businesa" streets. The principal street nmning 
with the course of the river upon tlie summit of the decliv- 
ity and flirough the centra! and most densely populated 
part of the city is Jefferson Avenue. Up-'U tiiis are most 
of the public and private offices located, as well as the dry 
goods and fancy stores generally. Tiie Campus Martius is 
one of the most noted of the puMic squares— tliere are 
several others. The argillaceous nature of the soil renders 
the streets unpleasant in wet weather, but much has already 
been effected to abate this drawback by paving and sewer- 
age. 

The city is supplied with water from the Detroit Eiver 
by means of a hydraulic establishment in the upper part of 
llie city. The reservoir whi<:h contains the water is of cast 
iron, CD feet diameter and 20 feet deep, secured by strong 
iron bolts and rivets: supported by a circular brick build- 
ing G2 feet in diameter, at an elevation of 47 feet from its 
foundaiion. It is inclosed with a frame building, standing 
on a brick foundation, 65 feet in diameter and 24 feet high, 
with a conical roof. The reser^'oir is sup]>lied by means of 
a steam-engine, which works a forcing pump Itiat is fixed 
several feet below the surface of the river, and is found 
fully adequate to furnish an abundant supply of good and 
wholesome water to the whole city. Connected with these 
works there are said to be about 4 m. of iron pipe and 10 m. 
of tamarack logs, and 50 hydrants or fire plugs, all of which 
cost the city some $150,003. 

Detroit, although one of the most ancient settlements in 
Nnrlh America, is, to every appearance, and in reality, of 
recent growth. Of the ancient style of the French build- 
ings, scarcely a vestige remains. The city is mostly built 
of wood, although there are a goodly number of substan- 
tial brick buildings. The most interesting of the public 
buildings are the old Stale House ; the United Slates build- 
ings (of polished limestone) ; the Slate buildings for the 
Supreme Court and public offices ; the County Court House ; 
the County Jail ; the City H.aH and market ; and the Fire- 
men's Hall. There are also 16 churches in the city, many 
of which are worthy of special notice ; of these 4 are Ro- 
man Catholic, 2 Episcopalian, 1 Presbyterian, 1 Scotch 
Presbyterian, 1 Congregational, 3 Methodist, 2 Baptist, 1 
German Lutheran, and 1 Sailors' Bethel. The new Catholic 
Cathedral, or St. Peter's Church, is a large and substantial 
edifice, and being high, massive, and of good proportions, 
it has an imposing appearance. It is built of brick, and is 
160 feet long and SI feet wide. The corner-stone was laid 
2(lth June, 1S45, and it was consecrated 29th June, 1R4?. 
The Cathedral of St. Anne, known as the French Cliurch, 
is 116 feet long by 60 feet wide. Tlie First Presbyterian 
Church is also a good, substantial, and well-appearing brick 
edifice, with a portico and colonadc in front, includmg 
which its length is 100 feet and its breadth 60 feci. In ad- 
dition to these churches there are several religious societies 
which meet in other public buildings. 

Detroit has several extensive manufactories. It has five 
larg'^ steam saw-niills, which annually turn] out upward of 
9.000,fi00 feet of lumber and -i.Ofin.OCO laths. These are sit- 
uated directly on the river, and receive, without the troul-le 
of land carriage, the lumber chiefly brought down from the 
northern parts of the State. Ship and boat building is also 
a verj- large and important branch of business. There are 
also three large foun<lries, with machine shops connected 
with them, which m.anufacture steam-engines, mill-irons, 
machinery of various kinds, stoves, plows, etc. These em- 
ploy about 200 hands. There are also two boiler factories 



for the manufacture of boilers for steam-engines, and sev- 
eral machine-shops for working in iron and some in brass. 
There are likewise two pail factories, a sash factory, a steam 
flouring-mill, two tanneries, and five breweries. Cabinet- 
raakhig, and most other kinds of mechanical employments, 
are pursued to a considerable extent, and something is done 
at shoemaking, but much the largest portion of the boots 
and shoes worn in Michigan arc made in Massachusetts, 
and most of the cabinet ware and coarse clothing comes 
from New York. 

In addition to the retail trade there is a heavy wholesale 
business done in Detroit, and the amount of it is annually 
increasing. Nearly all the merchants of the interior depend 
on Detroit to replenish their stock, and a large portion of 
them buy all their goods there. 

The export and import trade of Detroit is immense. The 
imports coastwise, for 1S4.S, are estimated at $3,502,666, and 
the exports at $2,781,192, and the port has also a consider- 
able trade with Canada, much of it illicit. The greater 
portion of the agricultural products of the State are shipped 
from this port. The shipping belonging to or owned in the 
collection district are 39 steamers, 4 propellers, 1 barge, 8 
brigs, 109 schooners, and 36 sloops — in the aggregate, 
23,619 tons. Regular Unes of steamers sail and arrive daily 
to and fmm all parts, connecting here with llie Michigan 
Central 11. R., and with it forming a direct line from the 
north and east to Chicago and the Mississippi, and by this 
route thousands of emigrants travel annually, and millions 
of dollars'-worth of property are transported. 

There are several charitable institutions in the city, and 
much attention has been paid to education. Among the 
charitable institutions, the orphan asylums stand pre-emi- 
nent, and reflect much credit on the inhabitants. There aro 
also several scientific and literary societies, as the Historical 
Society, the State Literary Institute, the Medical Society, 
etc. Here, also, is one of the branches of the ITniversity, 
and 3 nnles above the city is St. Philips College; Primary 
and Public Schools are numerous, and there are a sufficient 
number of private and classical schools to supply all exi- 
gencies. 

The ]ieriodical press of Detroit consists of 3 daily newspa- 
pers, 1 Iri-weekly, 7 weeklies, and 2 monthlies ; the dailies 
are, the " D. Free Press" (dem.), which has also a tri- 
weekly and weekly issue ; the " D. Advertiser'' (whig), 
which has also a weekly issue ; and the " Daily Tribune ;" 
the weeklies are the " Peninsular Freeman" (free soil) ; " Le 
Citoyen" (French) : the " Western Advocate" (whig) ; Uie 
"New Covenant" (relig.) ; and the "Michigan Christian 
Herald" (Baptist); and the monthlies are "Wellman's 
Miscellany" (lit.): and the "Michigan Farmer" (agric.) All 
these are conducted with an energj* and talent surpassed 
only by the metropolitan press. 

Detroit has 4 banks, the condition of which, on the 26lh 
Dec, ISol, was as follows: liabilities— capif-al, $761,22S; 
deposits, $705,692 : circxdation, $607,5S8 ; due banks, $22.S58 ; 
and profits, $.375,0?4 : and resources— loans, $1,202. 64S ; 
specie, $150,244 : bank balances, $275,933 ; real estate, 
$193,025 ; and stocks, mortgages, etc., $650,000. The Micli- 
igan State Bank had a capital of $151,573 : the Farmers and 
Mechanics' Bank, $32T,5S0; the Peninsular Bank, $100,000; 
:md the Michigan Insurance Bank, $182,070. 

The present site of the city of Detroit, seems to have been 
visited by the French as early as 1610. In 1720 the Fort 
Pontchartrain had been previously located here. In 1759 
the country fell into the hands of the English, and in 17S3 
became a part of the United States. In lSii2 the Tillage was 
incorporated ; in 1S05 it was destroyed by fire ; in ISIO the 
act of inconvjr.ation was repealed: in 1S12 the fort and town 
surrendered to the British, but were reoccupied in 1^13 ; in 
1915 it was re-incorporated. Such is the chronology of its 
historj". In 1^10 it contained 770 inhabitants; in 1820. 
1.442: in 1?30, 2.222; in 1S40, 9,192 ; in 1S45, 13,065; and in 

1S50, 21,019. 

1T9 



DET 



Die 



Detroit strait: this slream coii'luets the collected wa- 
ters of lakes Superior, MicJiigan, Huron, and ?t. Olair, to 
il,ake Erie. It is the largest stream of Michigan, and its 
local position makes it the most important. The word 
JTMroit (Fr,) signifies strait, and, as applied to this stream, 
18 a more api)ropriate appellalion than tlie word rivery and 
was first given to it by the French on its discovery. It is 
about 25 m. long, and on an average, one and a tenth of a 
mile broad, and 36 feet deep. It moTcs with an equable 
current of about 2 m. per hour. lis descent is 8 inches per 
mile, or 6 feet and 3 inches for its whole length. Its course 
is first south-westerly, and then southerly. In the winter 
season it closes with ice only after a continued succession 
of severely cold weather. If the temperature of the atmos- 
phere moderates but for a few days, and that moderation 
even not above the freezing point, it will open by the action 
of its powerful current, which wears away llio thickest ice 
in a short time. Hence the stream is not often long closed. 
It has been known to remain one frozen bridge for six weeks, 
but it was a phenomenon in its history, rarely known, and 
then only in seasons of the greatest severity. It receives 
several lnconsidera!>le streams from the American, and two 
or three from the Canadian shore. The most considerable 
is the Kouge. There are a number of islands that divert its 
waters, though they add to the beauty of ils scenery. Among 
the largest are Grosse and Fighting islands. From some 
cause, there appears to have been a peculiar attraction to 
the banks of the Detroit more than to any other slream in 
Michigan. The first settlements of the French were made 
on it, and the French travelers found tbrce tribes of Indians 
equally tenacious in their attachment to it. From a gradual 
accession, its banks on either side have been subdued and 
settled, so that in many places, for miles, it has the appear- 
ance of a continued village of a much older country than 
the recent State of Michigan. Like the lakes which it con- 
nects, it abounds with fine fish, the taking of which has 
become lucrative. The navigation of the strait is easy, and 
in the season of it, its waters are covered with steamboats 
and vessels of every description. The Detroit, although but a 
few miles in length, is one of the ple:isantest and most beau- 
tiful streams in the United States. "With banks of great 
fertility, covered with orchards of various fruit, with farms 
cultivated and productive, accompanied with incomparable 
scenery, tlie prospect is rendered exceedingly delightful in 
passing up the strait 

DEvEKEArx, p. v., Herkimer co., N. Y, : 69 m. N. "W. by 
"W. Albany. 

Devebeaitx's Store, p. o., Hancock co., Ga. : 15 m. N. E. 
Milledgeville. 

Devon, p. v., Henry county, Ind. : 42 m. W. by N. 
Indianapolis. 

De Witt county, 7?/. Situate centrally, and contains 4GS 
sq. m. Drained by tributaries of the Sangamon r. Surface 
chiefly an elevated prairie, with a good portion of wood. 
Soils dark and rich. Farms 4S2; manuf. IS; dwell. SSI, 
and pop.— wh. 5,nul, fr. col. 1— total 5,002. Capital: Clin- 
ton. Pu7dtc Work.9: Illinois Central K. R. 

De WiTr county. Tea*. Situate S. W., and contains 6S0 
sq. m. Drained chiefly by the Guadahipe r. and ils branches. 
Surface varied, but not hilly — a deep valley following the 
course of the Guadalupe, which traverses the co. from 
N. to S. Soils very fertile, producing cotton, sugar, ancl the 
grains. Farms 100; manuf. 3; dwell. 237, and pop.— wh. 
1,14S, fr. col. 0, si. SOS— total 1,716. Cupltal: Cuero. 

De AViTT, p. v., De Witt co.. III. : on the N. side of Salt 
cr. of Sangamon r., 53 m. E. N. E. Springfield. 

De Witt, p. v., and cap. Clinton co., la.: abont4m. N. 
of Wapsipinicon r., and 49 m. E. by N. Iowa City. 

De Witt. t. and p. v., Clinton county, Midi.: 2 m. N. 
Lansing. The v. is located on the N. bank of T-ooking- 
glass r. It is a flourishing place, and has a newspaper, the 
"Clinton Express." which is issued weekly. Pop. 706. 

De Witt, p. v., Carroll co., Mo. : ou the N. bank of the 
180 



Missouri r.. a!)niit 5 m. W. of the mouth of Grand r,, SI 
m. N. W. .Jetrcrson (.'ity. 

De Witt, t. and p. v., Onondaga co., N. Y.: on both 
sides of Butternut cr., and adjoining the city of Syracuse, 
IH m, W. Albany, The surlhce is uneven, and there is 
abundance of water-Jime. which is largely quarried and 
exported. The v. on the W. side of the cr. is a small agri- 
cultural settlement. Pop. of t. 3,3u2. 

De Witt\-ille, p. v., Chautauquo co., K. Y. : 236 m. 
W. by S. Albany. 

Dexteh. t. and p. o., Penobscot co.. Me.: on the water- 
shed between Konnebec and Penobscot rivers, 49 m. N. N. E. 
Augusta. The v. ii^ located at the outlet of a large pond of 
5(10 acres, and has good hydraulic power. The »n\\ of the U 
is fertile, and produces excellent wheat Pop. 1,94S. 

Dextek. p. v., Washtenaw co., Mich. : on MiU cr., at its 
confiuence with Huron r.. 42 m. E. S. E. Lansing. It is a 
tliriving v., and has an abundance of water-power ; and the 
Michigan Central It. K. passes through it 4G m. from Detroit, 
and 2;iC m. from Chicago. 

Dexter, p. v., Jefferson co., A^. Y. : on the N. side of 
Black r. at its mouth, 147 m. N. AV. Albany. It has an un- 
interrupted communication with Lake Ontario through 
Black liiver Bay, and piers have been conatructcd by the 
United States to improve its harbor. Within the v. are sev- 
eral extensive mills and factories, worked by water-power; 
and the Watertown and liome U. 11. passes near it Pop. 700. 
Diamond Gbove, p. o., Jasper co., Mo. : 146 m. S. W. 
Jefl"ersun City. 

Diamond Gkove, p. o., Brunswick co., Vlj'g, : on the N. 
side of Meherrin r., 55 m. S. S. W. Kichraond. 

Di.vMOND Hill, p. o., Anson co., A''. Car. : 104 m. S. W. 
Kaleigh. 
Diamond Hill, p. o.. Providence co., H. I. 
Diana, t. and p. o., Lewis county, K. Y.: 124 m. N. W. 
Albany. Drained by Inc^an r., and the S. branch of Oswe- 
gatcliie r. Surface hilly, and soil, sandy and gravelly loam, 
adapted to grass. 

Diana Mills, p. v., Buckingham co., Yit'g. : 72 m. W, 
Ilichmond. 

DiAs Ckeek, p. v.. Cape May county, M. Jer. : 67 m. S. 
Trenton. 

DuKENSONTiLLE, p. v., llusscll CO., Ylrg. : 267 m.W. by S. 
Eielimond. 

DicKEvsviLLE, p. v., Grant co., THsc. .• on the S., and 
2 m. disUnnt from Platte r., 09 m. W. S.W. Madison. Lead 
is abundant in tlie neighborhood. 

Dickinson county, la. Situate N. W., and contains 432 
sq. m. Taken from Pottowattomee in 1850. 

Dickinson, t and p. v., Franklin county, 2^. Y. : 142 m. 
N. by W. Albany. Drained by Kacket r. and the upper 
streams of St liegis r. The N. part of the t. only is inhab- 
ited, the S. being still a wilderness, abounding in lakes, and 
covered with dense forests. The v. is on Deer r., a con- 
stituent of the St. Regis river. Pop. of 1 1,1 19. 

Dickinson, t and p. o., Cumberland co., Penn, : 24 m. 
S. W. Ilarrisburg. The country is hilly, and the soils cal- 
careous. Iron ore abundant Yellow Breeches cr. affords 
good water-power, and there are several factories and mills 
along its banks ; also several furnaces and forges. Popu- 
lation, 3,037 

Dickinson, p. v., Franklin co., Virg. : 145 m. W. S. W. 
Eichmond. 

Dickinson's Store, p. o., Bedford county, Virg. : 117 m. 
W. by 3. Kichmond. 

Dickson county, Tenn, Situate centrally, and contains 
724 sq. m. The co. lies on the watershed between the 
Cumberland and TcHnessee rivers, the former of which 
forms ils N. E. line. The surface is varied, and the soils 
of average fertility, producing all the grains, with some 
tobacco and cotton. Timber abund.int Farms 467; manuf. 
14; dwell. I0.OS^>. and pop.— wh. 6,'2S5, fr. col. 1, si, 2,113— 
total S,404. Capital : Charlotte. Public Works : Nashville 



BIG 



DOD 



nnd Henderson E. R. ; an-l the Nashville and Mississippi 
K. R. 

Dickson's Mills, p. o., Rarke county, Ind. : 59 m. W. 
Indianapolis. 

DiGHToN, t.. p. v., and port, Brislol on., Ma.^f^. ; 3S ni. S. 
Boston. Situated on the W. siite of Taunton r., which 
is navigable to tills place for small vessels. It has some 
manufactures, and considerable shipping is built and owned 
in the town. On the opposite side of the r. is "Ditjhton 
Rock," celebrated for an ancient inscription which has 
never been satisfactorily interpreted. Pop. 1,(^41. 

Dille's Bottom, p. o., Belmont county, Ohio: 104 m. E. 
Columbus. 

DiLLox, p. o., Tazewell co., 7?^. ; about 3 m. N. of ifack- 
inaw cr. of Sangamon r.. M m. N. by E. Springfield. 

Dillon's Run, p. o., Hampshire co., Vt'rg. : 146 m. N-W. 
Richmond. 

DiLLSBOROUGn, p. V., Dcarbom co., Tn<7. : about 4 m. N. 
of LauEchery er., 71* m. ?. E. Indianapolis. 

DiLi-SRUitGU, p. v., York co., Pt-nn. . 13 m. S. S. W. 
Ilarrisburg. 

DiLLWoETnTOWN", p. v., Chcstcr CO., T'f'jfM. .* 69 m.E.S.E. 
Ilarrisl)urg. 

Dtmmiok, p. v., La Salle county, lU. ; 123 in. N. N. E. 
Springfield. 

DiMocK. t and p. v., Susquehanna co., Penn. : 113 m. 
N. N. E. Harrisburg. 

DiNGMANSEunG, V., Shelby co., Ohio: 63 m. W. N. W. 
Columbus. 

Dikoman's Ferey, p. o., Pike co., Penn, : on Dingmai's 
cr. of the Delaware r., 123 m. N. E. Harriaburg. 

DixsMORE, t. and p. o., Shelby co., Ohio: in the N. part 
of lite CO., 72 m. "W. N. W. Columbus. 

DINW^DDIE county, Virg, Situate S. E., and contains 616 
sq. m. Drained by tributaries of Appomattox and Nottoway 
rivers, which bound it N. and S. respectively. Surface 
rao<icrately uneven or rolling. Soils fertile naturally, but 
deteriorated. Tobacco, Indian com, and wheat are the 
great staples. Manufactures, trade, and commerce are in a 
flourishing condition. Farms 703; manuf. 71; dwell. 2.745, 
and pop.— wh. 10,9S5, fr. col. 3.253, si. 10,SS0— total 25,118. 
Capital : Dinwiddle C. H. Public Wor/cs : Petersburg 
R. K. ; South Side R. R., etc. 

DiNwn>DiE CouRT-HouRE. p. T., and cap. Dinwiddle co.. 
Virff. : on the X. side of Stoney cr. of Nottoway r., 85 m. 
S. by W. Richmond. 

Dinwidpie's Tan- Yard, p. c, Campbell co., Tlrg. : 95 
m. S. W. Richmond. 

Dirt Town, p. v., Chattooga count}', Ga. : 16S m. N. W. 
Milled gev ill e. 

Dismal Swamp, Virg. an<! 2f. Car. : a large marshy tmcl 
of land, commencing a little S. of Norfolk in Virginia, and 
extending into North Carolina. It covers about 150,000 
acres, and is 30 m. long from N. to S., and 10 m. wide. 
This tract is covered with trees, some of which are of enor- 
mous size, and between them is brushwood so thick as to be 
almost imper\-ious. In the midst of the swamp is Lake 
Drummond, 15 m. in circumference. A navigable feeder, 3 
m.long, from this lake, serves to supply the main trunk of 
the Dismal Swamp Canal, which extends from Deep cr., a 
branch of Elizabeth r., 10 m. from Norfolk to Joyce's cr., 
a branch of Pasquotank r., forming a connection between 
Albemarle Sound and Hampton Roads. This canal is 23 
m. long, 40 feet wide, and 6 feet deep, and at intervals of a 
quarter of a mile it is 66 feet wide for turn-out stations. 
The summit level is 16} feet above mid-tide in the Atlantic 
Ocean. There are 5 stone locks on it, 100 feet long by 22 
feet wide. Cost $1 ,112,32:3. 

DiTNEY IIiLL, p. o., Dubois CO., Ind. : 104 m. S. S. W. 
Indianapolis. 

DivinE, p. o., Marion county, fa. : S4 m. "W. by S. 
Iowa City. 
Dividing Creee, p. v. Cumberland co., 3^ Jer. : on tlie 



cr. so cjdled, which fli>ws into Maurice Cove, of Delaware 
Bay. 09 m. S. by W. Trenton. The cr. is navigable to the 
v., which contains about Iso inhabitants. 

Dix Creek, p. o., Chickasaw co., J//w. ; 127 ra. N. E. by N. 
Jackson. 

DisriELD, t and p. o., Oxford co., 3f(\ : on the N. bank 
of Androscoggin r., 31 m. W. N. W. Augusta. It has a 
productive soil, well ad-.ipted to the growth of wheat. 
Pop. 1,1S0. 

Dix Hill, p. o., Suflblk co., K Y. : 124 m. S. by E. 
Albany. 

DixMONT, t. and p. v., Penobscot co., Me. : 3S m. N. E. 
Augusta, Surface undulating and the soil fertile. It is sit- 
uated on the highland between the Kennebec and Penob- 
scot, and drained by affluents of both rivers. It has con- 
siderable water-power and fine mill seats. Pop. 1.605. 

DixMONT Mills, p. o., Penobscot co., Jfe. : 3G m. N. E. 
Augusta. 

Dixon, p. v., and cap. Lee co,, III. : on the S. E. side 
of Rock r., 142 m. N. by E. Springfield. The line of the 
Central R. R. crosses Rock r., at this point 

Dixon's Mills, p. o., Marengo co., Ala. : 92 m. W. by S. 
Montgoraer>\ 

Dixon's MiLi£, p. o.. Buchanan co.. Mo. : IGS m.W.N.W. 
Jefferson City. 

Dixon's Springs, p. o.. Smith co.. Tent}. : about 3 m. N. 
of Cumberland r.. an<l 41 m. N. E. by E. Nashville. 

DiCKSONviLLE, p. o., Colc CO., Mo, .* 7 m. \V. Jefferson 
City. 

TtixoNTTLLE, p. v., Lawrcncc co., Ind.: 63 m. S, by W. 
Indianapolis. 
DoAKSviLLE. p. v., Choctaw Nation, Ind. Ter. 
DoANESBUBGu, p. V., Putoam CO., 2<f. Y. : on the line of 
tlie Harlem R. R., 55 m. from New York ard 98 m. from 
Albany. 

Dobbin's Rancit, p. o., Yuba co., Calif. ; on the N. side 
of Yuba r.. 112 m. N. N. E. Valiejo. 

Dobe's Ferry, p. v., Westchester co., iV" Y. : on the E. 
bank of the Hudson r., 104 m. S. Albany. Here is a good 
landing at which numerous regular steamboats touch daily, 
and tliore is a ferry across the river. It is a considerable 
v., and has some manufactures and machine shops, which 
have been greatly advanced since the completion of the 
Hudson River R. R., which passes through it, 22 ra. from 
New York. This was an important point in tbe Revolu- 
tionary war. 

DocKERY's Stoke, p. o., Richraond co., ^ Car. : 92 m. 
S. W. Raleigh. 

DoDDSTii-LE, p. v., M'Donough co., ///..• on the S. line 
of tiie county, 62 m. N. W. by W. Springfield. 

DoDPRrooE county, Tirg. Situate N. W., and contains 
720 sq. m. Drained by S. fork of Hugh's r., and by Middle 
Island cr. and their affluents. Surface somewhat broken. 
Soils of average quality. Farms 240; manuf. 2 ; dwell. 525, 
and pop.— wh. 2.719, fr. col. 0, si. 31— total 2,750. Capital : 
■\Vest Union. Public Wo7'ks: North-Westem R. R. 

Dodge county, Mo. Situate N. on State line, and con- 
tains 252 sq. m. Drained by the constituents of Locust and 
Medicine creeks of Grand r. Surface level or undulating. 
Soils of good quality, and fertile. Farms 49 ; manuf. ; 
dwell. 57, and pop.— wh. 351, fr. col. 0, si. 2— total 853. Cap- 
ital: Butler. 

Dodge county, Wise. Situate S. E. centrally, and con- 
tains 900 sq. m. Drained W. and 3. by Rock and Beaver 
Dam rivers, and E. by streams falling into Lake Michigan. 
Surface beautifully diversified by hill and dale. Soils of ex- 
traordinarj- fertility. Farms 2,132; manuf. 23; dwell. 3.600, 
and pop.— wh. 19,12S, fr. col. 10— total 19,138. Capit<il: 
JuneaiL Puhlic Works: Fond du Lac R. R. 

DoDGEviLLE, p. v., lowa c«., H'wc. .- 62 m. N. Mineral 
Point, and 40 m. AV. by S. Madison. 
DoDGEViLLE, p. V., Dcs Moiucs CO., la. : 59 m. B. S. E 

Iowa City. 

X81 



DOD 



DOU 



DoDsoNTTLLE, p. V., Jacksou CO., Ala. : 145 m. N. 
Montgomery. 

DoD60NyiLi.E, p. v., IlighlanU Co., Ohio: on the TV. side 
of White Oak cr., 66 m. .'*. W. t)y S. Columbus. 

Doe Hill, p. c, Uiglilaml co., Yirg.: 126 m. W. N. W. 
Kichraond. 

Doe EiiN, p. o., Chester cc, Penn. : 69 m. E. S. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Dogwood Neck, p. o., Horry dist., S. Cm: ; 1 1 4 m. E. b) S. 
Columbia. 

DouXGTON, p. v., Bucks CO., Penn. : 98 m. E. llarrisburg. 

DoisoN, p. o., Clarke CO., III. : 106 m. E. S. E. Springfield. 

Domestic, p. o., Williams co., Ohio : 132 m. N. W. 
Columbus. 

Don, p. 0., Sullivan Co., Tnd. : 83 m. S. W. Indianapolis. 

DoNALDSOS, p. v., Schuylkill CO., Penn. : 51 m. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

DoNALDSoXTiLLE, p. V., and cap. Ascension par., La. : on 
the 8. W. side of the Mississippi r., immediately below the 
Bayou La Fourche, 2T m. S. by E. Baton Eouge. It was 
formerly the State capital. The place is pleasantly situated, 
and has some fine buildings, among which are the C. 11., 
Arsenal, U. S. Land Offlee, a college, etc. It has consider- 
able trade and may be considered as the dcp6t of the Bayou 
La Fourehe country. Pop. about 1,200. 

Donegal, t. and p. o., Westmoreland CO., P^-nn. : on the 
mountain valley between Laurel llili and Chestnut Kidgc, 
138 m. W. Ilarrisburg. Drained by tributaries of the 
Toughiogheny and Kiskiminelaa rivers, which atford 
water-power. Pop. 2,414. 

DoKiPiiAM, p. v., inpley co., Mo. : 149 m. S. 8. W. 
JetTerson City. 

Donnell's, p. 0., Allen co., Ohio: 92 m. N.W. Columbus. 

D0S.VE1.1.SV11.LE, p. v., Clark co., Ohio : 47 m. W. by 8. 
Columbus. Pop. 196. 

DooLT county, Ga. Situate S. centrally, and contains 
576 sq. m. It occupies the height of land between Ocmul- 
gee and Flint, and is drained by the tributaries of both 
rivers. Surface favorably diversified ; soils generally fertile, 
but deteriorated by bad husbandry. Cotton is the principal 
product. Farms 663 ; manuf. 8 ; dwell. 962, and pop,— wh. 
6,580, fr. col, 6, si. 2,775— total 8,361. Capital ; Drayton. 

Door county, Wi.^c. Situate N. E., and contains 4-32 sq. 
in. It occupies the N. part of the peninsula between Green 
Bay and Lake Michigan, and has its name from the fact of 
its being at the door or entrance of the interior navigable 
waters of the State. Capital : Gihralicr. Organized since 
1850. 

DooB Creek, p. o,, Dane CO., Wise. : on a cr. so called 
flowing into Fourth Lake, 5 m. N. Madison. 

Door prairie. La Porte co., Ind. : so named IVom the 
narrow gap in the timber at Door Yillage. It contains in 
all between 70 or SO sq. m., and is probably the richest and 
most beautiful prairie in the State. 

Door Village, p. v.. La Porte CO., Znd. : about 4 m. 
S. W. La Porte, 123 m. N. W. by W. Indianapolis. 

Dorcheat, p. 0., Claiborne par,. La. : on the large bayou 
of the same name, 210 m. N. W. Baton Kouge. Bayou 
Dorcheat rises in Hempstead co., Arl:. and passes S. into 
Louisiana, emptying itself into Bisteneau Lake, of which 
it is the chief feeder. 

Dorchester county, Jfd. Situate S, E., and contains 604 
sq. m. Drained by tributaries of Choptank r., which bounds 
it on the N., and of Nanticoke r., which makes its S. bound- 
ary. The Chesapeake washes it.s W. shore. Surface low 
and level — in parts swampy ; soils varying from light and 
Bandy to a stiff clay. Marl is abundant, and is used as a 
fertilizer. There is plenty of timber. Farms 1,049 ; manuf. 
12 ; dwell. 2,705, and pop.— wh. 10,788, fr. coL 3,807, si. 4,2S2 
—total 18.877, Capital: Cambridge. 

Dobcuester. t, and p. v., Norfolk CO., Mass. : 4 m. S. 
Boston, and within the metropolitan district. It fronts on 
Dorchester Bay, in Boston Harbor, and extends between 
183 



Roxbury Brook and Neponset r., tlie Latter of which furnishes 
great water-power as weU as navigation. Vessels owned 
here are chiefly employed in the fisheries; it has also ex- 
tensive manufactures. Few other localities have made 
such progress as this in wealth ; in 1840 its assessed valua- 
tion was Jl,691.245 ; in IsSlI, $7,199,750. Pop, in 1S40, 4,875, 
and in 185(1, 7,968, The Old Colony E. U, passes through 
the E. part of the town, and the Boston and Providence 
E. It. through the W. part. 

DoRonESTER, p. v., Cumberland CO., JV". Jer. : 61 m. 
S, by W. Trenton. 

DoKCUESTER, t. aud p. o,, Grafton CO., A^ Uamp.: 42 m. 
N. N. W. Concord. It lies on the height of land between 
the Connecticut and Mcrrimac rivers, and is uneven and 
rocky, with fertile valleys. Mascomy and Baker's rivers 
are its principal streams. Pop. 711. 

DoRio Arcu (or Doric Eork), MiA. : is a name applied 
to an isolated mass of sandstone, which has the appear- 
ance of the work of art, consisting of four pillars supporting 
an entablature or stratum of stone covered with soil, aud a 
handsome growth of pine and spruce trees, some of which 
are 60 or Co feet in height. This curiosity is a projection of 
the Pictured Eocks on the southern shore of Lake Superior, 
and presents an interesting view to voyagers of the groat 
lake. 

Dobmansville, p. v., Albany CO., N. Y. 

DoRNicKTOwN, p, 0,, Monongalia Co., Yirg.: 203 m. 
N. W, Eichmond, 

Doer, p.v., M'Henry co.. III. .-193 m. N. N. E. Springfield. 

DoRKANCE, p. v.. Stark co., Ili. : 92 m. N. Springfield. 

DoRRTiLLE, p. v., Washington co., P. I. : 33 m. S. S. W. 
Providence. 

Dorset, p. v., De Kalb co., lU. : on the E. side 01 Big 
Indian cr., 18S ra. N. N. E. Springfield. 

Dor.sET, p.v., Ashtabula co., Ohio : 16S m. N. E. Columbus, 

Dorset, t, and p, v., Bennington co,, Venn. : 11 m. 
S. by W. Montpelier. Drained by Pawlet, Eattcnkill, and 
the head branches of Otter creek, which atford fine mill 
sites. Surface uneven. The Western Vermont E. E. passes 
through the town and village in a N. and S. direction. 

Dorset, p. 0., Woodford CO., Ky. : 16 m. S. E. Frankfort, 

DoTY's Corner, p. t., Steuben co., N. Y.: 194 m. W, 
Albany, 

DoTTvnxE, p. v., Fond du Lac co., Wise. : 64 m. N. E. 
Madison. 

DoDBLE BKANcnES, p. 0., Lincoln co., Ga. : 73 m. N. E. 
Milledgeville. 

Double Bbancites, p. o,, Anderson dist., S. Car. : 109 m. 
W. N. W. Columbia. 

DoETiLE Bridge, p. o., Lunenburgh CO., Yirg. : 67 m. 
S. W. Eichmond. 

Double Bridges, p. o., Upson co., Ga.: 63 m. W, 
Milledgeville, 

Doeble Cabins, p, o,, Henry co,, Ga. : on Towathga cr., 
63 m, W. N. W. Milledgeville. 

Double Oak, p, o., Camden CO., Mo.: 46 m. 8. W. 
.Jeflerson City, 

Double Pike Creek, p. o., Carroll CO., Jfrf. ; 61 m. N.W. 
Annapolis. Situate on a cr. of Monocacy r. so called. 

Double Shoals, p. o., Morgan Co., Ga. : 85 ra. N. by W. 
Milledgeville. 

Double Spring, p. o., Benton Co., Ark. : 157 m, N, W. 
Little Eock. 

Double Springs, p. o., Calaveras Co., Calif. : on a small 
cr, of Calaveras r,, 76 m, E. Vallejo. 

Double Springs, p. v., Oktibbeha co.. Miss. ; 106 m. N. E. 
Jackson. 

Double Springs, p. o., Jackson co., Tenn. : 64 m. E. N. E. 
Nashville. 

Double Wells, p. T,, Warren co„ Ga. : on the line of 
the Georgia E. P^, 41 m. N. E. Milledgeville. 

DounsviLLE, p. v., Pendleton co., Ky.: 47 m, N. E. 
Frankfort. 



DOU 



DOW 



I)i)i CLA?s. t. and p. o., 'Worei'stcr en,, J/ass. : iS m. S. W. 
Boston. Drained by Mumlbrd cr. of Blackstone r., which 
aflbrds good wnler-powcr. Iron ore is f'umd, and in llic t. 
Oiere are considerable manufacdires of cotton goods, boots, 
shoos, etc., and edge-tools. The country is fertile and 
highly cultivated. Fop. 1,S"S. 

DouoLASs, p. v., Fayette eo., la.: S4 m. N. by W. 
Iowa City. 

Douglass, ]>. v., Nacogdoelies eo., Ti'j\ : C)n a er. of 
Angelina r., about 7 m. from Hie latter, and lil7 ni. K. N. K. 
Austin City. 

Douglass, t. and p. o., Montgomery eo., Pt'tni.: CS m. 
E. llyrvisburg. Perki'inien :mh1 f wamp creeks drain llie 
soils, whicli arc fertile, and aflord watrr-power for several 
mills and fticlories. 

DouGLASsviLLE, p. V., Bcrks CO., renn. : on the N. side 
of Schuylkill r., 13 m. K. Ilarrisburg. The rhihi.ielphia 
and Ecading K. K. passes through the village, 44 m. from 
Philadelphia and 48 Ironi Keading. 

Dorpiii.v, p. v., Blount co., Ala.: 123 in. N. by AV. 
Montgnniery. 

DouTHET, p. o., Anderson dist., .S'. Car. : IIC m.AY. N.W. 
Columbia. 

DovKE, p. v., Ballirnore co., Md. 

Dover, p. v., liussell co., Ala.: about 3 ni. "W. Cliatla- 
hi.'iiehie r., and tj m. N.W. Girnrd, 171 m. E. Montgomery. 

Dover, p. v., Tope eo., A}-1\ : on the E. bank of Illinois 
cr. of Arkans,is r., t>i m. N.W. Little Kock. It was formerly 
the CO. eapital. 

Dover, hund., p. li., and cap. Kentco., Del., and capital 
of the State: on high ground, between the two principal 
branches of Jones' cr., 10 m. above lis entrance into Dela- 
ware Bay. Lat. 39° 10' N., and long. 750 30' W., 114 m. 
E. by N. Washington. The hundred contains 72,!*3n acres, 
and 3,032 inhabitants. The b. is laid out regularly with 
■wide streets, crossing each other at right angles. The State 
House stands on the E. side of a large public place, and is 
an elegant building, and the buildings occupied by the co. 
offices occupy sites on the same square. It has 4 churches, 
a bank, an academy, 2 schools, several stores, about 120 
dwellings, chiefly of brick, and between 600 and 700 inhab- 
itants. A splendid monument, erected to the memory of 
Colonel John llaslett, who fell in tlic battle of rrinccton, 
illustrates the patriotism of the citizens, and is the chief 
ornament of the place. The flour business is that distin- 
guishing Dover, and which is chiefly carried on with 
Philadelphia. A K. E., projected to run longitudinally 
through the State, will pass through the borough. 

Dover, p. v.. Bureau co., JU.: 109 m. N. Springfield. 

Dover, p. v., Mason co., Ky. : 76 m. E.N. E. Frankfort. 

Dover, t, p. v., and cap. Piscataquis eo., Me. : on the S. 
side of Piscataquis r., 59 m. N. N. E. Augusta. The v. is 
located immediately on the banks of the stream. It has 
several mills; and a weekly newspaper, the "Piscataquis 
Observer," is publisheil here. Pop. 1,927. 

Dover, t. and p. o,, Lenawee co.. Mich. : watered by the 
9. branch of Kaisin r., 61 m. S. E. Lansing. The Michigan 
Southern E. E. crosses the t. in an E. direction. Pop. 1,223. 

Dover, t. and p. v., Norfolk co., Masft. : on the S. and E. 
of Charles r., 16 m. S. W. Boston. Drained by Trout and 
Nodnels brooks. Surface uneven, and nmeh of it woodland. 
The v. is located near the centre of the t., and is a pleasant 
place of about 200 iuhaliitants. The t. has about G31 inhab- 
itants. 

Dover, p.v.. La Fayette co.. Mo. : 92 m."W. N.W. Jefferson 
City. It lies about 3 m. S. of the Missouri river. 

Dover, t, p. v., and cap. Strafford eo., N. JTamp. : 33 
m. E. Concord. The t, is drained by Cocheco and Black 
rivers, tributaries of the Piseataqua. It is the oldest t. in 
the State, having been settled in 1623. The v. is built around 
the lower falls of Cocheco, where the descent is suddenly 
32J feet, producing a vast water-power. These falls are at 
the head of tide, 13 m. from the sea, and sloops can come 



up within a short distance of the uiill.s. It has a court- 
house, jail, etc., and numerous and extensive manufactures, 
but chiefly of cotton goods. It has also considerable ship- 
ping. The newspapers published here are the " D. En- 
quirer" (whig), the "N. II. Gazette" (dem.), the "Morning 
Star" (whig), the " Myrtle" (relig.), and the " Gospel Eill" 
(relig.), ail issueil weekly; and the "Cadets' Advocate*' 
temperance), issued monthly. The v. is intersected by the 
Boston and Maine II. E. ; and the Cocheco E. E. hero 
diverges from it. On the whole, Dover is justly considered 
one of the most i)n«sperous manufacturing towns of New 
England. Pop. 8,1^0. 

Dover, p. v., Morris co., K. Jer. : on both sides of 
Eockawuy r., 47 m. N. by K. Trenton. The two sections 
of the v. are connected by bridges. Iron ore is abundant 
in the vicinity, and it has several large iron factories, etc. 
The Mnrris Canal dtscends into the valley in which it stands 
by an inclined plane and 4 locks; and at this point the 
Morris ami Essex E. E. has its N. W. terminus, 14 m. from 
Jersey City. Pop. about 400. 

Dover, t. and j). o., Duchess co., N. X. : C6 m. S. by E. 
Albany. The jt. o. is Inealed at Dover Plains, and v. located 
on the Harlem E. E., so ui. from New York. The 1. abounds 
in marble and iron ore, and has several mills and factories. 
Poj). 2,147. 

Dover, t. and p. v., Cuyahoga co., Ohio : on Lake Erie, 
114 m. N. N. E. Columbus. The v. is located about 3 ra. 
back from the lake. Pop. of t.1.112. 

Dover, t. and p. v., York co., Penn. : on the E. side of 
Conewago cr., IS m. S. llarrisburg. The v. lies in the 
centre of the t., 10 m. N. W. York. The t. has several 
distilleries, tanneries, grist and saw mills, for which latter 
water is abundant. 

Dover, p. v., and cap. Stewart co., T^nn.: on the S. W. 
side of Cumberland r., 61 ni. W. N. W. Nashville. It con- 
tains the county ofllees, and about 400 inhabitants. The 
landing for steamers is one of the best on the river. 

Dover, t. and p. v., Windham co., Ytrm.: on the E. 
border of the Green Mountain range, 94 m. S, Montpelier. 
Drained by West and Deerfield rivers, which have good mill 
sites. The soils are well adapted for grazing. The v. lies 
a little S. E. of the centre of the town. Poi>. ort.709. 

Dover, p. v., Yazoo co., Mlm. : 33 m. N.W. Jackson. 

Dover Hill, p. v., and cap. Martin co., Jnd. : on the W. 
side of, and a mile and a half from the East Fork of White 
river, 79 m. S. W. Indianapolis. It contains a court-houso 
and about 30 dwellings. 

Dover Mills, p. o., Goochland eo., V'n'g. : 17 m.W. by N. 
Eichmond. 

DovEsviLLE, p. v., Eockingliam co., Yirg. : 110 m. N. W. 
Eichmond. 

DowAGiAo, p. v., Cass CO., Mich. : on a branch of Dowa- 
giac r., 92 m. S. W. Lansing. It lies also on the Michigan 
Central E. E., 17S m. from Detroit, and 100 from Chicago. 

DowAGiAc (Dowagiakc) river, Mich. : takes its rise in the 
S. i»art of Van Bureii and N. E. part of Cass counties, and 
l>asslng over thi? northern, north-western, and western por- 
tions of the latter in a S. W. direction, into Berrien, enters 
the St Joseph r. near the v. of Niles. It is upward of 30 m. 
in length, and receives a number of tributaries, which, with 
the main stream, furnish excellent mill sites. 

DowBLTowx, p. v., Surrey co., K. Car. : 1-32 m.W. N.W. 
Ealeigh. 

Dowxer's Grove, p. o., Du Pago co., III. : 162 m. N. E. 
Springfield. 

DowNiEviLLE, p. v., and cap. Yuba co,, Calif. : at the 
head of the North Fork of Yuba r., 137 m. N. E.Vallejo. It 
is the head-quarters of one of the richest gold-fields of the 
State. 

DowNiNG's Mrti.'^, p. o.. Slrafl'ord co., K. ITarnp. 

Do-w>-ingsvillIt p. v.. Grant county, Kij. : 47 m. N. N. E. 
Frankfort. 

DowTiiNQTON, p.v., Melgs CO., Ohio : C9 m. S. E. Columbus. 

1S3 



DOW 



DRY 



Dow^^NOT0w^^ p. v., Chester eo., Penn. : on the W. side 
nf the E. I.tranch of Brandy wine cr., and on the line of the 
Phila(leli)liia and Columbia E. K., 83 m. from Phihidelphia, 
and 74 m. from Harrisburg. The dwellings, about GO or TO 
in number, are chiefly of stone, and it contains several milla 
and factories, stores, etc. It is surrounded by a fine and 
well-cullivated country. About 12 m. below the v., on the 
banks of tlie Brandywine cr., was fought the sanguinary 
battle of Brandywine, llth September, 177T. A K. K., 2'2 
m. long, is projected between ilorriatown and Downiug- 
lown. 

DowNSviLLE, p, v., Ocean county, Al Jer. : 36 m. S. E. 
Trenton. 

DoTLESTOWN, t,, p. T., and cap. Bucks co., Penyi. : on (he 
N. side of Tacony cr., SS m. E. Harrisburg. The borough 
i3 a flourishing place, has manufactures, and a good trade, 
and about 1.005 inhabitants. There are published here 6 
weekly newspapers, viz., the '* D. Express," the "D. Dem- 
ocrat," and the *' Independent Democrat," all democratic in 
principle; the *' Morning Star," and the "Bucks County 
Intelligencer," both whig ; and the " OHve-Brancb," devoted 
to the temperance cause. The Norristown, Doylestown, 
New ITope E. E. passes through the place. The t. is an 
excellent agricultural country, and is highly cultivated. 
Pop. 2,471. 

Doylestown, p. v., Paulding co., Ohio: 116 m. N. "W. 
Columbus. 

Deacut, L and p. v., Middlesex co., Mass. : on the N. side 
of Merrimac r., opposite Lowell, 25 ra. N. N. \V. Boston. 
The two towns are connected by a bridge across the river. 
It is essentially an agricultural district, although Beaver r., 
which drains it, affords considerable water-power. Pop- 
ulation, 3i503. 

Deakestowx, p. 0., Morris co., 2^. Jer. : on Schooley's 
Mountain, 89 m. N. by W. Trenton. 

Deajiesville, p. v., Morris co., A' Jer. : 42 m. N. Trenton. 

Deakesville, p. v., Davis co., la. : on the N. side of Fox 
r,, ^3 m. S. W. Iowa City. 

Deanesvtlle, p. v., Fairfax co., Vtrr/. : 96 m. N. Eich- 
mond. Situated about 6 m. S. of the Potomac r., near the 
N. W. corner of tjie county. 

Deaper's Valley, p. o., Pulaski co., Virff. : on the "W. 
eide of Kanawha r., about 2 m. distant from that stream, and 
193 m. "VV. by S. Eichmond. 

Deapersville, p. 0., Mecklenburgh co., Yirg.: 92 m. 
S. W. Eichmond. 

Dkaugutox'8 Stoee, p. o., Sampson co., A^i C<ir. : 52 m. 
S. by E. Kaleigh. 

Deawbeidge, p. 0., Sussex co.yDel. 

Drayton, p. v., and cap. Dooly co., Ga-. : on the S. side 
of Penahatchee cr., Urn. from its confluence with FUnt r., 
and 84 m. S. S. W. Milledgeville. 

Deaytonsvillb, p. v., Uuiou dist., S. Car. : 73 m. N. N.W. 
Columbia. 

Dreheesvtlle, p. v., Schuylkill co., Penn. : 49 m. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

DEenxox's, p. 0., Henry co., Kij. : 25 ra. N.W. Frankfort. 

Deesdex, p. v., Grundy co., III. : on the liUnois r., at the 
junction of the Desplaines and Kankakee rivers, the great 
constituents of the Illinois, and on the line of the canal, 128 
m. N. E. Springfield. The v. is 53 m. from Chicago by 
canal, and 4S m. from Peru. 

Dresoex, t. and p. o., Lincoln eo., Me. : on the E. bank 
of Kennebec r., IS m. S. Augusta. It is an agricultural 
town, and has some river trade. Pop. 1,419. 

Deesdex, p. v., Muskingum co., Ohio: on "Wakatomaha 
cr., near its junction with Muskingum r., 51 m. E. by N. 
Columbus. A side-cut of the Ohio Canal reaches this place. 
Thus situate, it is highly favored for commerce, of which it 
has a considerable share, and it has also several factories 
and mills. Pop. 1,445. 

Deesdex, p. v., and cap. "Weakly co., Tenn.: uear the 
centre of the co., on one of the head branches of Obion r., 
154 



I 109 m. W. by N. Nasliville. It contains a court-house, etc., 
and about l,3ii0 inhabitants. The Nashville and Mississippi 
E. E. will probably intersect this v. Two newspapers, the 
"D. Democrat," and the "Whig Mirror," are pubUshed 
■weekly. 
Deesden Mills, p. o., Lincoln co., 3fe. : 19 m. S. Augusta. 
Dressebville, p. v., Cayuga county, iV. Y. : 141 m. W, 
Albany. 

Drew county, Ark: Situate S. E., and contains 720 sq. 
m. The Bayou Bartholomew bounds it on the E. and the 
Sabine r. on the W. eide, the creeks failing into which drain 
the interior. A highland runs N. and S. througli the county, 
forming the watershed — the surface declining E. and Vi'. 
fntm its summit level. The soils are eminently productive, 
and the extent of forest moderate. Farms 277 ; manuf. 9 ; 
dwell 4.30, and pop.— wh. 2,360, fr. col. 0, si. 915— total 3,275. 
Capital: Monticello. 

DREWERSBrEGn, p. v., Franlvlin co., Ind. : about 4 m. E. 
of tlie SVhite Water r., and 76 ra. E. S. E. Indianapolis. 

Deewrvsvtlle, p. v., Southampton co., Virg. : 63 m. 
S. S. E. Eichmond. 

Deewsville, p. v., Cheshire co., A^ Uamp. : on the E. 
side of Connecticut r., at Bellow's Falls, 43 m. W. Concord. 
It has considerable manufactures. 

Dripping Speing, p. v., Edmonson co., Ky. : lOS m. 
9. W. Frankfort. 

Deotvning Creek, p. o., Burke co., A^ Car.: on a er. of 
Catawba r. so called, 14S m. W. lialeigh. 

Drowning Fork, p. o., M'Donough co., lU. : on a cr. so 
called, 73 m. W. N.W. Springfield. 

Deummond's island, Jfic^. ; at the month of St. Mary's, 40 
m. long, has the best quality of secondary limestone, several 
harbors and fisheries, and a soil covered with pine and 
maple. The western e.\tremity is the site of an ancient 
British fort. 
DRTntjRGn, p. v., Halifax co., Virg. : 96 m. 'S. Eichmond. 
Dey Creek, p. o., Kenton county, Ky. : 59 m. N. N. E. 
Frankfort. 

Dey Ceeek, p. o., Covington county, Miss. : 62 m. S. E. 
Jackson. 

Dry Ceeek, p. o., Lancaster disL, S. Car. : 70 m. X. N. E. 
Columbia. 

Devden, t. and p. o,, Lapeer co., Mic7u : 74 m. E. by N. 
Lansing. Pop. 1.131. 

Dryden, t. and p. v., Tompkins county, A' T.: 12S m. 
W. by S. Albany. Surface undulating. Soil gravelly loam, 
and well watered and drained by Fall cr. and other small 
streams. The v. is located on Virgil cr., and contains about 
GOO inhabitants. About half a milo W. of the place is a 
noted mineral spring, the waters of which are useful in 
rheumatic and cutaneous affections. Pop. oft 5,122. 

Dky Foek, p. o., Bond co.. III. : on Dry Fork of Shoal cr., 
a tributary of Kaskaskia r., 5S m. S. by E. Springfield. 

Dey Fork, p. o., Barren co., Ky. : 110 m. S. W. by S« 
Frankfort. 

Dry Foek, p. o., Hamilton county, OJiio: 102 ra. S. W. 
Columbus. 

Dey Glaze, p. v., Camden co^ Mo. : on the Dry Au 
Glaize cr., a branch of Grand Au Glaizc r., 52 m. S. S. "W. 
Jefferson City. 

Dey Hill, p. o., Lauderdale co., Tenn. : 169 ra. W. by S. 
Nashville. 

Dry Ponds, p. o., Lincoln co.. A'". Car. : 146 m. ^V. by S. 
Ealeigh. 

Dry Eidge, p. o., Drew co., ^4/"^'. .' on the highland form- 
ing the watershed Ijctwcen Saline r. and Bayou Bartholo- 
mew, 116 m. S. E. Little Eoek. 

Dey Eidge, p. o., Somerset co., Penn, : 12S m. W. S. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Dev Eidge, p. o., Hamilton co., Ohio: 105 m. S. W. 
Columbus. 

Dev Eidoe, p. o., Grant CO., Ky.: 42 m. N. N. E. 
Frankfort. 



DRY 



DUF 



Dry Ku>% p. o., Franklin co., Feiin.: 59 in. \V. S. W. 
Uairisburs. 

r>nr KcN, p o., Tippah co, Miss. : 1(U m. N. by E. 
Jackson. 

Duv Vallet, p. 0., White co., Tenj). : 84 m. E. Nashville. 

Dry 'Wood, p. o.. Bates co., J/o. : on a er. of the Marnii- 
ton, a tributary of Osage r., 142 m. W. S. W. Jefforson City. 

DuiNE, t and p. v., Frankhn co., X, Y. : 12S ni. N. Al- 
bany. Surface uneven ami hiliy, and the soil a fiTlile sandy 
loam. "Watered by branches of Salmon r. and Deer creek. 
The t. 13 celebrated for its superior iron ores, which are 
capable of producing the finest steel for edge toots. The v. 
lies on a branch of Salmon r., and has several factories 
and mills ; and there are also in the neighborhood fur- 
naces, etc. Pop. oft. ^ti?. 

DrASESBiTRGn, t. and p. v., Schenectady co., X. Y. : 22 ra. 
W. N. W. Albany. The v. lies on a branr-h of Schoharie 
or. The surface of the t. is elevated and hilly, and watered 
by numerous creeks, vhich afford water-power, and has a 
soil of excellent fertility. Pi>p ,3.464, 

Dublin, i». v., Fayette co., Ala.: IIS a\. N. W. Mont- 
gomcrj. 

Dl'blix. p. y.y and cap. Laurens co., Ga. : on the W. side 
of Oconee r.. 4" m. S. S. E Mjlledgeville. It contains the 
CO. offices, several stores, and about 70 dwellings. 

Dublin, p. v., WajTie co., Iiid. : on the National Road, 2 
m. W. of Cambridge City, 50 m. E. Indianapolis. Pop. 350. 

Dublin, p. o., Ilarford co., Md.: 53 m, N. N. E. 
Annapolis. 

Dublix, t. and p. o., Cheshire co., 3^. IT<ij»p. : 84 m. S.W. 
Concord. Situated on the highlands between the Connecti- 
cut and Merrimac rivers. A considerable portion of Grand 
Monadnock lies within this town. It has good water-power 
and several factories and mills. The surface is better 
adapted to grazing than com-groning. Pop. 1.0S8. 

Dublin, p. v., Franklin co., Ohio: on the W. bank of 
Scioto r., 11 m. N. N. W. Columbus. The location is high 
and plea.sant, and in the neighborhood there are several 
mills and factories. Pop. 247. 

Dublin, p. o., Bucks co., Penn. : 93 m. E. TTarrisburg. 

Dublin, p. v.. Graves co., Ky.: on a branch of Little 
Obion r., 20 m. from the Mississippi r., and 23S m. W. S. W. 
Frankfort. 

Dublin Mills, p. v., Bedford co., PeJin. : 64 m. W. by S. 
Harrisburg. 

Dubois county, /»(?. Situate S., and contains 432 sq. m. 
Drained by E. fork of Wliilo, llie Patoka, and other streams. 
Surface generally level — in the N. E. rolling; soils of ordi- 
narj- fertility, but the bottoms are rich and fertile. Timber 
abundant Com and wheat are the staple products. Farms 
794 ; raanuf. 9 ; dwell. 1,146, and pop.— wh. 6,300, fr. col. 21 
—total 6.321. Capital: Jasper. 

Dubuque county, /(/. Situate N. E., and contains 576 
gq. m. Drained in the N. by Turkey er., in the centre by 
Little Macoqueta r., and S. by the N. fork of Macoqueta r., 
which, with other streams, falls into the Mississippi, which 
forms its E. border. Surface rough and uneven, but with 
much fertile land. Galena or lead ore is very abundant 
throughout the county, and mining forms the great interest 
of the inhabitants. Farms 755: manuf. 4fi; dwell. 1.952, 
and pop.— wh. lO.SlG. fr. col. 25— total 10.S41. Capital: 
Dubuque. PulUo Works : Dubuquo and Iowa City 
E.R., etc. 

Dubuque, p. v., and cap. Dubuque co., la. : on the W. 
bank of the Mississippi r., 424 ra. above St. Louis, and 72 m. 
N. E. by X. Iowa City. It is built on a table area, or ter- 
race, which extends ahmg the r. for several miles, and the 
etrects are laid out at right angles with each other. Du- 
buque was settled by Canadian French as early as 1636, 
for the purpose of trading with the Indians. Besides being i 
the great mineral depfit of the Iowa lead region, it is a place j 
of much traffic, and interchanges largely with the vast in- 
terior, of which it is the chief outlet. Its chief export is 



le.-id, which is sent down the river in vast quantities. In 
tlie village are several wholesale stores, and one of the 
largest hotels of the West. The U. S. Land Omee for the 
Northern District of Iowa, and the office of the Surveyor 
GeuL-ral of Iowa and Wisconsin, are localtMl here. The 
pojMiIation is now 4,071, and is rapidly increasing. There 
are four newspapers published in the village, the " Miner's 
Express" (dem.), the "D. Tribune" (whig), the "D. Tele- 
graph" (whig), and tlio " Norwestlit-he Democrat" (Gcr- 
iniin). Lead ore is found in abundance within the corpo- 
rate limits of the village, and for miles around on every 
side. 

DuciTESS county, N". Y. Situate S. E., between Iludson 
r. and the Connecticut State line ; and contains 765 sq. m. 
Drained by Ten Mile, Fishkill, Wappenger's. and Crum 
Elbow creeks ami Ihcir atHuents. Surface diversified, but 
generally hilly, and intersected by two great longitudinal 
valleys. Some of the hills rise to the height of 1.700 feet; 
Old Beacon, near Fislikill landing. 1,471 feet, and the Grand 
Sacliom, or New Beacon. 1.6S5 feet above tide-water. The 
county abounds in minerals, of which iron, lead, and zinc 
are the principal. Gr.iphito is obtained near Fishkill, and 
marble, peat, and marl are found in all parts. Oak, chest- 
nut, and hickory are the principal forest trees. The agri- 
cultural productions, besides the grains, are wool, butler, 
flax, and potatoes. The county has a large manufacturing 
interest, including almost every branch, and Poughkeepsie 
employs several large ships in the whaling business. Farms 
8,20S; manuf. 415; dwell. 9,562, and pop.— wb. 57,022, fr. 
col. 1,970— total 58,992. Capital: Poughkeepsie. Public 
Works: Iludson liiverK. K. : Harlem li. li.; Providence, 
Hartford, and Fishkill K. K., etc. 

Duck BniNcn, p. o., Beaufort dist,, S. Cai'. : 114 m. S, by 
W. Columbia. 

Duck Ceeek, p. o., Walker CO., Ga.: 1S7 m. N. W. 
Miliedgeville. 

Duck Cbeek, p. o., Dallas co., Tea*. : on a cr. of Boi8 
d'Arc fork of Trinity r. so called, 1S9 m. N. by W. Austin 
City. 

Duck Ceeek, p. o., Trumbull co., 07iio: lA^ m. N. E. 
Columbus. 

l)ucK Creek, hund., Kent co., Del. : between Dnrk er. 
and Little Duck cr., extending from Delaware r. to the W. 
line of the Stale, and containing 65.080 acres. Its chief 
tn-Kle is in lumber. It has also several grist and other mills. 
Pop. 3,978. 

Duck Kfver, p. o., Hickman Co., Tenn. : on Duck r., 51 
m. S. W. Nashville. 

Duck Speino, p, o., De Kalb co., Ala. : 132 m. N. by E. 
Montgomery. 

Dudley, t. and p. v., Worcester co., il/i»w. ; on the W. 
side of Quinnebaug r.. 49 m. S. W. Boston. It is a flno 
agricultural district, and has a considerable number of man- 
nfactures. Pop. 1,416. 

Dudley, p. v., Polk co., fa. : on the 9. side of Des Moines 
r., near the confluence of North r., 9S m. W. by S. Iowa 
City. 

Dudley, t. and p. v., Hardin eo., Ohio: on the Seioto r., 
52 m. N. N. W. Columbus. The v. lies on the N. side ol 
the river. Pop. oft. 529. 

DuDLETTiLLE, p. V.. Tallapoosa CO., Ala. : on the E. eo. 
line, and about 4 m. S. of Tallapoosa r., 55 ni. N. E. Mont- 
gomery. 

DunLYTOWN. p. v.. Jackson eo., Ind. : on the W. side of 
Ternon fork of Muscataluk r., 64 m. S. by E. Iinlianapolis. 

Due West Corner, p. v., Abbeville dist., .S'. Car. : 1 15 m. 
W. by N. Columbia. A weekly newspaper, the "Krskine 
Miscellany," is published here, and circulates some 750 
copies of each issue. 

Duftield's, p. o., Charles co., 3M. 

Duffield's, p. o., .Ieffer.Hnn co., IV/y. ; 127 in. N. by W. 
Kichinond. The line of the Baltimore an<l Oiiio 11. 11. 
strikes this point 6 m. W. of Harper's Ferry. 

1C5 



PllF 



DUN 



Pot's Forks i\ v., F«>vUo ovv, OMo: 89 m. 8. W. 

lA'tiuKMONA, IV r., Jnckscm pnr.. Td. .* on Uto r. so oanml. 
147 m. N. W. li;iIon l^n^J^\ Du!^^omont\ r. U & wn*ii.iep- 
«Mo !*lr\'am risiuir l» UIohvUIo tmd«t»ok9ou ivirUhoss tinil 
omplxiiij: iiiUt i.\»Uduiulu l.ako. 

l>ir,«»K's Fkkky» IV tv, Oirtor ci\, 7Vh»..* 2M iu. K* 
N«shviUo. 

m u^v \Y. IV t\. t\iwo^> wv, -V }' ; 186 m. N. W. AUtany. 
J>i s.Ki>i>M. [v IV, Grnn\* ihv, Ay.: 34T m. W. S. "\Y. 

I>i^kk's *\>unly, JAi,*s. Siluato S. K In Iho AUitntio CVoan, 
aiui Ov'hslsthij: of ilio tslniul!) of Mnrlhrt's Yinoyarvl. Cliajv- 
IKHluMdU\ KliRttvlh Kituihl.'^ «u»l No MauS I-aiul— Uio lat- 
Ut of wltk'h is the S, oxirx'ntily ivf \lw T^\i\W\ Tluso i^laiuls 
Hi> off luui S. of liarnstal'Io cvv aiui Uu5Jw»r*IV l^iv. «iul 
CvMilatu ttlHHit 130 sq, lu. MrtHliaV Yitu\viml. tlio liuliau 
.Yv»;h* w Oi/>tr«>vA\ i» 21 w. lonj; luui (» m. in Im^rtiUh. 
A Irti^o jwiKmi of Iho Ovv ts wvHvUan*!, but thcrv is aK> 
sutUv'iv'nt .ffrariui; au^i ^ilu lam!. Tho oxiv>rl» ^vrsist 
rhictly of w\h»1 and salt, wiili somo ^niin, uiul niaiij- of (ho 
inhahituat^ ai\^ o»jp»s^hI in Iho tishcri<\s and i\vi»sli»ir inulo. 
Tho first sotUoiuont of whites iu Iho eo. \Tas in IWl nt 
Kd^arlon. Farms i'tx>; itianuf. IS; dwell. 771.andiH>iv — 
\Ui, 4^4>T. ft", tvl. M— lolal 4^M^\ i\tfH%tJ: Fdirarion. 

Oi KKs, (v iv* ruiniuu CO., OMo: 9S m. N. \Y. Coiunibus. 

Pvu.vs, IV v., Tij^udv cv>uiit,v. J/««t. ; lU ui. X. by K. 

0AOk,<v*H. 

l^iM vs Stv^KK, p. o., Kiehmoud ovv, *V. Air. .* 79 m. S, AV. 
Kaloi^'h. 

IH: MUARWN. t. »ud jv iX, MoiTlmao 00., .V. JftmfK : 10 m. 
S, by \V. C*MK\>r\i. Surt^uv elovatoti, bul not hiW^'; s«>ils 
fertiliv PraiiuHl by sovoral $uvams of Merrimao r., on 
whioh ar\^ sevend n\iH*. 

]>VMBARTv«v*, IV T., IfcufttwcU disl.> & OilT. .* 06 m. ?, W. 
Oi»h»mbia. 

i>VMu\v'T\^x. IV v., Adam* <xVt <>^j\»: im» the K. sivio of 
Knish or. of the Ohio r., 7^ m. ^ by \\\ Oolmnbu*. 

Pi MnuKS |v V,. rriuo^' WilUam e^v. yh\7.: on the K. 
sitle of Q«;u»Uvver., a tributary of IVtomaer.iJdm. N.by V™ 
Iviehuiomi. It is a thriving v.. and has several fiu*to^it^s 
ami mills. The mouth of *^iianticv> or., ^i m. Iviow. is tho 
N*$i wiulor harKv iu the Fotomae, boin^ seldom olvOmetod 
l\T iotv 

Pt-MMw, u and p. <v, CXx\s o<v. X UxUHp-,: 9S ni. 
N. by >Y. t.\Mu\>rvi. Pratned by tributaries of Andr\>soixg- 
giu and Coiuuvtieut river*. It is a rviuoto town aud Uiii:l,v 
soltltHK IVp. \7U 

l>iMUKi;sTi.Hvs, t. and p. v., "Windham 'co., )>rm..' on 
Uie \Y. side of Coumvtieut r, 93 m. S, by K» Moniivhor. 
UraiutHi by \Yc*t r.. whieh is a flue mill stream. SuriHw 
hillj" and r\»uj:h. Nit adaptiM for gr^uin^. This is one of 
ihe oariiest st'tHoments, Fi^^t PnuHuer w:is louude^l in 
Ittf^ and is a uot^^i plaox* in tho Indian war*, Fojv 1..64\ 

PIMONTVIU.K. IV v., Falrfiold i\v» (^Wt»; 3^ m. S^ £. 
Columbus. 

PiXvVN. IV iv. AYiwl ovv. I'l/y •* -^S m. AY. X. AY. 
Kichn\o«d. 

DvNCAX, p^ v„ Choboyjpm et\ Afic^. : 207 m. N. Lausinj;. 

DrxoAS, p. v« Merwr i\v, A.>, : 53 m. S. V^ranktort. 

PvscAXSos. (v v.. IVrrj- o»v, iV«N, : ow tho Uuo of tho 
ronusyU"aiua K. K.. 16 m. ^Y, llarrisburjr. 

Pi-xoAsV Ckkkk, IV t\. Cleveland ovv. A' Oir. ; on a cr. 
of First llrwid r, s».> e.'dUvl, livi m. \Y. by S^ Kaloi^. 

PinoanV Fai-us, IV Ok. Muskitvjnnu txv. (**»*>.• *^n the 
Muskii\^um r.* ^6 m. K. O^umbus. Thero is a dam aeross 
the sir^\iu\ at this ix«nt whleh aff>.>r\ls a 3^\"it heavl *,>f water. 

Pvnc.vnV Mills, p. »\, JasjH*r iw, J/^v; 1*3 m. &. AY. 
Jetfers^»uCil\% 

PiNOANsvtn*. p» v., Barnwell dtst, & 0»r. .- ^"<s m. 
S. by \Y. *.\4nmbia. 
1S6 



PiiNOANSvii.LK. IV V.. Blrtir i\v, 7VMrt. ; on the line of tho 
Alleghanj' ^orla)^» H. K., 4 m. >Y. lloUtdaysbun;, and 111 
in. by nUlrt^d frvun Uarrisburjr, 

PvNOANTv^s, IV v„ AYhlle iw, IU,: on Koetors fork of 
Saline or., liS m. S, K, Spriuirfleld. 

IH'SOAXvu.i.K, p. v.. Thonuis t\v, fni,; on tho Thomiu*- 
vllle and TaU»ha>stv turnpike, "i m. Ji. of the Florida Slate 
lino, and lt»S m. S. by \Y. MilliHlj^'ville. The Florida 
Knmeh of tho Uruuswlek and Florida It. K. will itass 
thrv»ujrh this plaoo. 

l>rM>AKK, jv v., Susquehanna ixv, TVnm,.* 154 m. 
K. K. by N. Uarrisbnnr. U has a ijlass-houso, sovend 
sloros, and W or 6(.> dwollin^ Foiv uIkmU SvK>. 

PiNOAS, jv v., Cidumel cvv, ll'wv. .■ iH> m. *^. N. K. 
Madison. 

PvNOKB. m v., Kauo CO., J7/. : ou thoYT. sido of IVs 
riaiues r., aN>ul 4 m. H. of Kl^in, and 171 w. X. K. 
SpriujrUeld. 

PisoKK, t. and IV v.. Monroe oa, JfioV." watetxxl by 
lUlsln r.. whieh attv>rvta Hue mill silos. The v. llt,^ on the 
N. side of the stri'^un, IS m. ft\nu l^iko Krio and 6S m. S. K. 
l-jmsinir. It Is one of the nuvst flourishing villagi^s of tho 
interior, and has numervnis mills v^e. IV^v l,5-'^\ 

l>i'NPKK, p. v., Yates c^v., A1 Y.: on liij; Stri'am. a crook 
fidUuj- into Sene«.'a U\ke, 1,NS m. AY. AlNmy. It has sev- 
ord Important nuuuifaolorie*, as ir\»n I'onndrit^s, ajjrieuUu- 
r:U implement t:u'tori»\s, eto.. anti Oiuituins alnnit l,tX»0 inhal»- 
itants. A newsi^ain^r, tho " W Keeiml," is publislusl weokly. 

PrxfKK, IV v., Tuseanovas v\v, Ohio: $4 m. K, N. K. 
CiUumbus. 

PvNOKKit.veit, jv v., KoKwu eo., A". (\w. .* S4 m. S. S.AY. 
lialoigh. 

l>rNt;ANOx, JL v., CohimMana co., C^io: on tho lino of 
tho Ivoaver CtiuaK 9 m. K. of Hanover, :md 125 E. N. K. 
CoUuubuA. 

PixHAM. IV Ok, M'Uenry oo., ///. .• on tho K. sido of Itush 
or. of the K. l*nuu'h of Kisliwaukoo r,, IW m. N. JC. K. 
Sprin^leld. 

PiNKixsviLLB, p. v., Adwus CO., OAio : iS m. S. by \V. 
Columbus. 

IH-NKiKK, p. V.., Calvorl c<v, Jfi?.: S$ m. S. by AY. 
Annapolis, 

l>i- N K IKK. IV v., Chauhmquo o«.\, A' Y. : on I^ko Erie, 57S 
m. AY. AlNinj-. )l is tho AY. terminus of the Now A'ork 
and Krio K. K.. and is iutorsoetixi by the Kuffalo and Slalo 
l-iuo K. H., whioh torms a link iu the line of tho Uiko Shoro 
li, K. t>vMn l»utf;do to M«>ur\H\ It h.is n.pldly prk>ijr\'ssv\l 
in oTory branch of industry simv the ivmploiion of thivvt^ 
i:roat works, and is dostiuinl to iKwmo one of tho groat 
ports of the lakos. Tho h.artvr lias Invn imprv^nnl. and 
ailA»r\ls 15 fiH^t of water on the l»ar. SteamN>ats arrive auvl 
dei^rt hourlv' in oiMmeoliou with tho railrvvids. and an 
oxtensivo (.\Mumorvv is earrio^l on. not only with domesiie 
IK^rts. bul alsv> with thv\so of Canada. The "Chautau«iuo 
dvMirnal" v^^hii:^ is publisho\l Wtx-kly. Frvuu Pnnkirk lo 
Jsow Yv>rk "Citj" tho dist;mvv is 46i> miles. Tho harbor, 
fi^'uierlj' e.alKxl ChadwiekV Baj', is cajvioi^His, ao^H>s^blo, 
soi-nro, and eaiv»blo of imixrovoment to ouo of the host 
uiKui tho lakes. Voiv 8,i.XX>. 

PcNKiuK, U and jv o.. l>ano Cv\, UTa*. : 14 nt. S, E. 
Madison. The v. is Kvatv\l ou tho AN", sido of CatSsli r. 
whioh drains the k IVp. -SS. 

IhNKiKK, IV v., Gnxmvillo disk, & Oir..* 106 m, N. AY, 
by W. Cv^umhia. 

Pi-NKLis oountr. yr.\ Sihifito K"^w««n S6^and SS- StV 
N. lat.. and tvcupyiiii: tho AY. half of the narrv^v strip pn->- 
joelinjr Ivlow the J^Mloral line of the Slate into Arkansas. 
botwotn\ the Kiver St. Fraii^ >is and the Mississippi Kivor; 
it contains aK>«t 75ii s*i. m. Tho groator iKvrtK^i is a swaunv, 
alHUinding in iH^nds,lake^ and sluiot^s unfit il\r euUivati\Mi: 
but thorv arv s«muo elovaiotl prairies. iHThajw lo tho extent 
of a Mirlh of tho area of tho v\MUity. situate prinoiiwlly in 
ihtf N. AY. and S, AY. part>. AYhito AY.iior r. Ua* ;;3 oourso 



DUN 



DUX 



lliraii((!i ihn Mwampn, fnrniiiij{ HWiinip IhIjumIh of vurimiH dl- 
iiirriNloiiN, t'lc. Nil \mr\, in (IL lor liiiuiitii Imhlldlioii, yiil wu 
llij'l Mint it hiiH cliarniH tornDiun wllli-rtrt Huiilrt, tin Uh HltUmtli's 
will hIiow. J''iiriim 70; Jiiiiiiuf. '^ ; (lw(--ll, '2I.%, niiil po]). - wli, 
],'.'05, iY. eol. 11, Hi. l.'l— l..tHl 1,2'lii. (•<ii>lt.a: CJiilk-lwuiix 
(proljuldy llic IikIIiui ri:ui»* fur <-hl(lH aii>l ri>ni//i), 

DrNi.Ai', I'. <)., H.-uiiill.m (!«)., 0/uo: lOLi ni. H. W. 
<>iiliiriil>UH. 

JfnM.Ai-'M I'ltALKiiT p. ()., (;<>ok CO., ///. ; I'H; HI. N. 10. 
Hi.rlii^ll.-I<l. 

J>irM,Ai*Mvii,i.K., |i. v., T'nidii co., //!</. : un IIh: W. hidi- of 
tlui J-;. I"..rk olWliitc \V:il<-r r.,(Jii in. K. by f^. IimIIjiiiiipmIIk. 
JtcoiitiihiH n l'rinljyti.Ti:iii cluin:!!,;! ntorrM, iiinl 7 iikm-IuiiiU; 
BhopN. I'oji. y'Jfj. 

l)UNi,Ai'HviM,K, p. v., TiHurt'ii^ (lint., K On\: Vi in. 
W. N. W. Culuiiibiu, 

UrNLKvv, p. v., Wnrrcn co., Ohio: 71 ni. W. H. W. 
ColiinihuH. 

Dl'Nmoi'.i',, p. v., J-ti/.rnin oo., JVnn.: Itl jri. N. J'l, 
lliirri«l)urf;. 

Ui'NM.N<ihvii,iJC, p. v., "WanIiiiigUm Co., J'cnn.: 1S7 in. 
W. IlarriHhur^;. 

lii;.NNKarii(;ir, p. v., Clhilon co., J'onn. : on Ihu "W. hIiIo 
of Ihc W. Iininch of Suh(|iiflmnrm r.ari'l (»p|ioMil(j llnMiioutli 
of llal-1 Kiitilr *T., 7;{ III. N. N. \V. llnrrihl.nrK. 

J)u,sn'h (JoitNi'-KH, p. (>., ICc^iiiieljec co., Jilc, : 10 in. from 
Au^iiHta. 

DiiNNHviLi.K. p, v., Albany co,, N. )'. : M rii. "\V. N. W. 
Albany. 

UiNNHviM.K, p. v., Ehj»('X CO., Vifj,: about 2 ni. W. of 
llappiilninnock r., and -ID ni. N. K. ]iiilinion<I. 

DiJNKTAiii.K, (, an'l p. o., Mi'ldli-m-x co., M<iHft. : on (he 
N. Stiilr line, 'M in. N. W. IJomIoii. Draiin-d by NiiHliua 
and Salmon rivcrn ; surface f;rni.TalIy l<-v<-l itnti moIIw wandy. 
It ban hfVf-ral nillln uiid a HiiarMC pfppulalloii of about 70IJ 
H(nds. I'o]). too. 

iJcNTosKviLLc, p. V., Kdgpflcld dlst., S. Car. : fi7 ni. W. 
Columbia. 

I)tr Pauj-; county, ///. Ritnale N. K., and contains 0-12 
H(\. m. iJrainccl by \)\x I'nj^c r. and ollu-r cormlitutcniH of 
lllln'»irt r. f^nrlaw prairii; and woodland int<TminKl'rd ; 
BoilM f>l'Krciit f<Tlilily, ])rodiicinc all llic KfalnM, etc, J-'arniH 
m;0; manuf. I'S; dwell. l,r.CS, and pop.—wh. D,'J87, fr. col. 
B_t<itjd 9,2i*(>. CapUnt: NapiTvillc Puldic Workn: Ga- 
lena and C'liicajjo (iiiion IJ. li. and JirunchcH; lllinoln and 
Mielii^an <*anal, vU\ 

Dir Paok, p. v., Will co., lU. : IM m. K N. E. SprinKflrld. 

Dri'i.AiN, t. and p. o., (Jlinlon co., J//VA. ; on Miipio r., 
22 m. N. by J-]. LaiiMlnf;. rnp.S-lII). 

Dui'i-iN county, A'. Car. fiiluul^^ H. E. cenlrally, and con- 
tains Wii) hf\. ni. l^ralncd l»y tribulanew of Norlli-luiNt Cape 
I'V'jir r, which pasNcn throutjh it. Surface low and level, 
Willi Ih'queiit Hwarnpw and niarHh ; hoIIh fertile. l-'urinN 92:J ; 
nmnuf. 57; dwell. 1,410, and pop.— wh. 7,0fi5, fr. c^jI. ;M2, 
bI. 0,007— tola! \ZXiU. Capiial : KcnanHville. ruUio 
WorkH: \VlIniint,'U<n and 'Wcldon K. K. 

Dui'ONT, p. v., JefTfTson co., Ind.: on the linn of tho 
Ma<li»on and IndirmaiiuliH It. II., II ni. from Madison and 
74 m. from IitdianapoliH. It is a pleiiMant v., and conlaiuM 
about (10 liouset*, ino»tIy built Hinec ISH. 

Dui-aicic's Om) Stokk, p. o., Charlolle co., Virg.: Tim. 
S. W. by W. lilchmond. 

Pucji-'KHNK, p. v., Alleghany co., A'»n. ; 102 in. "W. by X. 
TIorrisburK. 

DrgroiN, p. o., Terry co., ///.; on a branch of Muddy 
cr., 133 in. S. by K. SprinKfli-'l'l. 

DtKANP, p. v., Henry CO.. Ohio: 112 m. X. \V. ColumbuH. 

I)(,'i'.AN(io, p. v., iJuburjuu CO., la. : on I^ittle MaUoqucta 
r., 71 in. N. N. W. Iowa City. 

Di'UANTH Nkck, p. o., I\TquimanH co., N. Cur. : on the 
neck of land »o called, formed between tlui Perf|iiimanM anr] 
I/ittI(J rivers, and i)rojccting inlf> Albeinarlo Hound, 130 m. 
K. by N. Kalelgh. 



J)tritii(N'n CoiiNKiw, p. o., Wllllaiim co., Okh : iJj;; in. 
N. W. Cr.himhuM. 

DiiKKM,, p. v., llriidfordco.,yV)m. ; 117 ni.N. Jrurrlwbiirg. 

DuitiiAM, I. and i». v., Middlesex eo., Co/ui.: lit m. H. 
Harlforil. Uralncd by West r., u tributary of ihe Conin-e- 
llciil, which iilfordu waler-jKiwcr. Surface uneven; solltt 
fi-rlilc, 'i'ln' V, has a jilt-asanl location on Weht r,, near the 
cenln- of (In- town. I'op. l,Oijr). 

iJii'.iiAM, I. and p. (»., Cumberland co,, Me. ; on tin; H. \V. 
hide of Aiidroseoggin r., :jl ni. B. by \V. AuKusla. It in a 
(Inc agricultural I., ami hiis a prosperous river Iradi*. A 
biidgo over Hie river eonnecU it with the ojjpowite town of 
LImIhui. J'op. l,>'Jl. 

Di;kjiam, I. and ji. v., Hlralford co., J/. J/iwip. : 92 m. 
K. by K. (,'onc-ord. Drained l^y Irihularies of riHmta(|ua 
r., which alfurd widrr-powcr. 'Ihe v. is (.n Oywter r,, which 
1m iijivlgable for mmhII craft. Onudte i« Ihi- chief ex])OJ-l, 
In early tlnns thin Iowa wan the scene 'jf Jiiany Indian 
bnrljarilles. J'op. I.lliii. 

DiJitnAM, p, v., JIancock co., ///, ; 01 m. W. X. W. 
SpringMcld. 

DiruHAM, t. and p. v., Greene co., N. >'. ; 28 in. H, W. 
Albany. Siirfar-r lillly uml broken ; soils, elny jind grave-lly 
loam. 'I'lie v. stands on the Calnklll r., and has about 200 
inhabilants. I'oj). of t.2,fjf)0. 

DiruiiAM, t. and p. o., Jtucks co., Penn. : on the W. side 
of iJr-laware r., 02 m. K. by X. Ilarrlsburg, and drained by 
("ooks or Durham cr., whiidi alfords water-power. A sin- 
gular and extensive) cave is found in Ihe Jimchlone ru(;k of 
Ihis I., called Jhe Devil's H<.le, at llie h<.tl..m of which h u 
basin of pure water 20 feet wide, wJiich has a sulUerraneaii 
oiillet. Top. about 81)0. 

DuaiiAM C'kntki',, p. o., Middlesex co.. Conn.: 21 in. S. 
Hartford. 

DiuufAM'H C'krkk, p. o., Ueauforl co., Al Car. : on a cr, of 
ramlico Sound so called, OH m. K. by S. Italeigh. 

Diij'jiAMViM.K, p. v., Oncirlu CO., A''. 1'.; on Ijoth sidea 
of f)neida er., lOO in. W. X. W. Albany. It in a v. of nomo 
200 inbabilimls. 

1)1 anAMvii.i.i;, J), v., Lauderdale en., 7':'/m. : about 7 m. 
X. of Ilig Halchee r., and near the li. line of llm co., 103 
m. W. by S. Xashville. 

JJuaiiAAivii.i.K, p. v.. Orange co,, A"". Cur.: 42 m. N. W. 
Kaleigh. 

Di'itujcK, p. v., Lancaster co., J'ctm.: 3(J m. 11. S. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Duuuc, p. 0., Benton co,, Mo. : 07 rn. W. S. W. Jeirerhon 
City. 

DuiiHKTHVii,LB, p. V., Tiicbmond co,, Yh'Q. : 53 m. E. X. K. 
Richmond. 

DiiT<:ir f'liKjji:, p. o., Washington CO,, /a. ; on a creek of 
Skunk r,, 33 in. S. W. by H. Iowa City. 

iJt'TCii CitKKK, p. o., lirown co,, ^YlHC.: on the cr. bo 
called, 122 m. X. N. K. Madison. 

Di'Teii Xi;rK, p. o., Mercer eo,, K. Jfir. 

Dirj(;iiviLi.i!, \>. v., Granville co., N. Car,: 42 ni. X^, 
Kaleigh. 

I>uTOTHin'KGii, p. o., Monroc CO., Pain. : on the W. side 
of Delaware r., to the X. of the Water Gap, 100 in, X. K. 
Harrisbiirg. It conlains about SO in habitants. 

Di;vAi- county, J*l'ir. Hifuale X. E., and contains 720 
sq. 111. Drained by Iributaries of Xassau, St. .Jolm's, and 
St. Mary's rivers. Surface level, covered with pine, and 
the soils light but fertile, producing cotton and sug:ir. 'Ihe 
planters have easy access to market through the above- 
named rivers, which are all navigable, and no pari of the 
county is more than 20 miles ilistant from one or the olher. 
Farms HJ7; niaimf. ."i; dwell. 4M, and poj).— wh. 2,;j:;s, fr. 
c*>\. Or», si. 2,106— total 4,539. Copttul: .Jiiclisonvlllc. 

Dl'vam.'h Um/kk, p. o., Prairie co., Ark. 

I)i;xiti;iiV, t. and p. o,, Plymouth eo., Mam. : on Plymoulli 
Harbor, 31 in. S. H. K. iJoston. Garnet's Point is within the 
Ujwn Hinlli*. The m\\ is oandy, but much of the land is 

187 



DWI 



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fertile. It has some manufactures and about 2,079 in- 
habitants. 

D WIGHT, p. v., Pope CO., Ark: : on Illinois cr. of Arkan- 
sas r., GG m. N. "W. by W. Little Rock. 

Dtcusburou, p. v., Crittenden co., Ky. : 192 m. W. by S, 
Frankfort. 

Di-KR county, Tenn. Situate N. "W. on Mississippi r., and 
drained by Kedfoot, Obion, and Forked Deer rivers ; area 
S40 sq. m. The surface is rolling, well wooded, and the 
Boils fertile. On the Mississippi r., liowever, are extensive 
alluvial flats. The grains are the chief products, and some 
tobacco and cotton are gnjwn. Farms 515; manuf. 7; 
dwell s'24, and pop.— wh. 4,s7y. fr. col. 10. si. 1,40S— total 
C.:i;51. Capital: DytT:^burg. Public Works: Mobile and 
Ohio K. K. 

DTEKsnuTiGn, p. v., and cap. Dyer co., Tfnii.: on the N. 
side of the N. fork of P'orked Deer cr., 146 m. W. Nashville. 
It contains the co, offices and about 140 dwellings. Its 
trade with tlic neighborhood is considerable. 

Dtkeman's, p. v., Putnam co., IT. Y. : S2 m. S. by E. 
Albany. 

Dyson's, p. o., Guernsey co., Ohio : 79 m. E. by N- 
Columbus. 



E. 



Eagle, p. v., La Salle co.. III.: on the E. side of, and 
anout 2 m. from TermilUon r. of the Illinois, 103 m, N. N. E. 
Bpringfleld. 

Eaci-e, p. o., Warren county, Penn, : 169 m. N. "W. 
Harrisburg. 

Eagle, t. and p. o., Clinton co., Mich. : 12 m. W. by N. 
Lansing. Grand r. and its branch, the Looking-glass r., 
flow through the town, and furnish a vast mill-power. 

Eagle, t. and p. v., Wyoming co., X. Y. : 220 m. W. by 9. 
Albany. Drained by head waters of Cattaraugus cr., etc. 
Surface undulating. Soils argillaceous loam, well suited to 
grass and grain— heavily timbered. Pop. 1,3S1. 

Eagle, t, and p. o., Hancock co., Ohio : 7S m. N". W. by N. 
Columbus. Drained by Eagle and other creeks of Ulan- 
chard's fork of Maumee r. Surface diversified. Soils dark 
loam, and on the streams well wooded. The creeks afford 
excellent water-power. Pop. 9.')\ 

Eagle BRruGE, p. o., "Washington co., 2^. Y. : on Hoosic 
r., 26 m. N. E. Albany. This is a gre.it railroad centre, 
where the several lines leading N. and S., and E. and W., 
meet and form junctions. 

Eagle Cliffs, p. o., Monroe co.,///. ; on the bluffs of the 
Jlississippi r., G m. W. by N. Waterloo, and 109 m. S. S. W. 
Springfifld. 

Eagle Ckeeic, p. o,, Bradley co., Ark.: on the cr. so 
called, 82 m. S. E. LitUe liock. 

Eagle Creek, p. o., Benton co., Tenn.: on the cr. so 
called, C9 m. W. Nashville. 

Eagle creek, Ind.: a fine mill-sfream, rising In Boone 
CO. ; runs S. about 40 m., and empties into White r., 4 m. 
below Indianapolis. Its Indian name was /Mit-ti-shinga- 
paim-honnovl\ or "Middle of the Valley," so called from 
the extensive bottoms, sometimes 4 orom. in width, through 
which it courses. 

Eagle Evey, p. o., Bedford co., Virg. : 12S m. W. by S. 
Richmond. 

Eagle Falls, p. c, Eockingham co., y. Car. : 86 ra. 
N. W. Ealeigh. 

Eagle Foundry, p. o., Uuntingdon co., Penn.: 62 m. 
W. by N. Ilarrisburg. 

Eagle Fxtrnace, p. o., Koanc co., Tenn. : 1.34 m. E. by S. 
Nashville. 

Eagle Grote, p. o., Elbert co., Ga.: 74 m. N. N. E. 
Milled geville. 

Eagle IIarbok, p. v., Orleans county, JV; I'. ; 220 m. 
W. by N. Albany. It is a considerable village of 700 or 
183 



800 inhabitants, and lies on the Erie Canal, 57 m. E. of 
Buffalo. 

Eagle Harbor, p. v., Houghton co., Mich. : on the N. 
side of Kew-y-wee-non Peninsula, about 15 m. W. of Cop- 
per Harbor, and 360 m. N. W. Lansing. This is a fine 
harl>or opening to Lake Superior, and of late it has become 
a dep6t for the copper miners of the neighborhood, from 
which they export their ■products and receive their sup- 
plies. Quite a village is already planted. 

Eagle Lake, p. o., Oakland co., Mich.: on the borders 
of the lake so ciffled, 55 m. E. Lansing. 

Eagle Lake, p. o., Colorado co., Tex.: on the E. side 
of the lake so called, 100 m. E. S. E. Austin City. The lake 
is situated about 20 m. S. S. E. Columbus, tlie co. seat. 

Eagle Mills, p. o., Rensselaer co., A^. Y. : 26 m. N. E. 
Albany. 

Eagle Mills, p. o., Iredell co., N". Car. : 123 m, W. 
Raleigh. 

Eagle Point, p. o., Ogle county. III.: 160 ra. N. by E. 
SpringfiL4d, 

Eagle Utter, p. v., Houghton co., Mich. : about S60 m. 
N. W. Lansing. The river itself is of trifling dimensions; 
but it has become the seat of vast mining operations. It 
empties into Lake Superior, about S m. W. of Eagle Harbor. 

Eagle Rock, p. o., Wake co., y. Car. : 12 m. E. Raleigh. 

Eaglesmere, p. o., Sullivan co., Penn.: SI m. N. by E. 
Harrisburg. 

Eagle Town, p. v., Choctaw Nation, Ind. Ter. : on tho 
W. side of Mountain Fork of Little r., an affluent of Red r., 
153 m. W. by S. Little Rock, Ark. 

Eagle Town, p. v., Hamilton co., Ind. : on the E. branch 
of Eagle cr., 21 m. N. by W. Indianapolis. 

Eagle Tillage, p. v., Boone eo., Ind. : on the E. side 
of Eagle cr., and on the Michigan Road, 14 m. N. N. W. 
Indianapolis. There are several extensive mills on the cr., 
both above and below the place. Pop. about 200. 

Eagle Village, p. v., Wyoming county, K. Y. : 225 m, 
W. by S. Albany. 

Eagleville, p. v., Ashtabula co., Ohio: 162 m. N. E. 
Columbus, and about 4 m. S. W. of Jefferson, the co. seat 

Eagleville, p. v., Williamson county, Tenn-.: 27 m. S. 
Nashville. 

Eagleville, p. v., Tolland co.. Conn. : on the New Lon- 
don, Willimantic, and Palmer R, R., 22 m. E. Hartford, and 
36 m. from New London. 

Eagleville, p. v., Waukesha co.. Wise. : on the line of 
the Milwaukie and Mississippi R. R., 49 m.E. S. E. Madi- 
son, and 36 m. from Milwaukie. 

Eakle'8 Furnace, p. o., Cass co., Ga.: 126 m. N. W. 
Milled geville. 

Earlesville, p. v., Spartanburgh dist., S. Car. : 82 m. 
N. N. W. Columbia. 

Earlville, p. v., La Salle co., III. : on the highland 
between Big and Little Indian creeks of Fox r., 3 ra. from 
the N. CO. line, and 138 m. N. N. E. Springfield. 

Earlville, p. v., Madison eo., K. Y. : 76 m. W. Albany, 
and on the Chenango River and Canal, 36 m. from Utica, 
and 41 from Binghampton. It is a thriving place, has sev- 
eral warehouses and stores, and about 260 inhabitants. 

Earlville, p. v.. Berks co., Penn. : 63 m. E. Harrisburg. 

Early county, Ga. Situate S. W., and contains S64 sq. 
m. Drained in the E. by Spring cr. of Flint r., and in the 
W. by cr. of Chattahoochee r., which nms along its W. 
border. Surface level and soils generally fertile, producing 
large crops of Indian corn and cotton, with some rice, suirar, 
etc. Farms ;167: manuf. II; dwell. 656, an'l pop, — wh. 
3,716, ir. col. I, si. 3,520— total 7,246. CapiUU : Blakely. 

Early Grove, p. o., Marshall co., Miss. : 171 m. N. by E. 
Jackson. 

Early Grove, p. o., Lincoln co., K. Car. : 143 m. W. by 
S. Raleigh. 

Earlysville, p. v., Albemarle co., Virg. : 69 m.W. X.W. 
Richmond. 



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Earpville, p. v., Upshur co., 'JW. : 252 in. N. K. Anstin. 
East Abinghon, p. v., riymourh co., Mass. : on I'em- 
broko cr. of Nerth r., IS m. S. S. E. Boston. 

East Altox, p. v., Belknap co,, JV. I/uj/ip. : 23 ui. N. E. 
Coru'ord. 

East A^■DOVER. p. v., Merriniac co., K. Hump. : on the 
line of llio Xt^rtlu-rn li. K., 25 m. N. N. AV. Conconl. 

Eabt Aubuhn, p. v., Cumberland co., Mt'. : on the W. 
side of Androscoggin r., 27 m. S. W. Augusta. 

East Aurora, p. v., Erie co., JV. Y. : 24:3 ni. "W. Ali'any. 
Situated on a branch of Buffalo creek. 

East Avon, p. v., Livingston co., JV. Y. : 196 m. W. Al- 
bany. On the line of the Buffalo, Corning, and New York 
K. li., and about 2 m. E. of Avon Springs. It is a v. of 
some 400 inhabitants, and is surrounded by a highly-culti- 
vated and thickly-settled country. 

East Baldwin, p. v., Cumberland co., Me. : on the E. 
side of Saco r., G3 m. S. W. Augusta. 

EasT Barnaed, p. v., "Windsor co., Venn. : 8S m. S. 
Montpelier. 

East Baree, p. v., Huntingdon co.,/\'H7^ ; 59 ulW. N.W. 
Uarrisburg. 

East Bexd, p. o., Surrey co., JV. Car.: 112 m. W. by N. 
r;ali-igh. 

East Bergen, p. v., Genesee co., JV. 3'; on the Buffalo 
and r.ochcster II. K., 51) m. from Buffali>, and 20t> m. fn*m 
Albany. 

East BERKsnntE, p. v., Franklin co., Ytnti. : on the 
N. W. side of Missisqui r., 61 m. N. by W. Montpelier. 

East Berlin, p. v., St. Clair co., Mich.: S4 m. E. by N. 
Lansing. 

East Berlin, p. v., Adams co.. Fen?!.: 25 m. S. W. 
Harrisljurg. 
East Berne, p. v., Albany co., N. Y. : 10 m. "W". Albany. 
East Betuany, p. v., Genesee co., N. Y.: 218 m. W. 
Albany. 

East Bethel, p. v., Oxford co., Me. : on the N. side of 
Aider cr.. an affluent of Androscoggin r., 4G ra. W. Augusta, 
and, by the Atlantic and St. Lawrence K. E., 68 m. from 
Portland. 

East Bethel, p. v., "Windsor county, Venn.: 29 m. S. 
Montpelier. 

East BErnLEiiEM, t. and p. o., "Washington co., Pejin, : 
IGS in. "W. by S. Uarrisburg. Monongahela r. and its trib- 
utary, Ten Mile cr., makes its boimdary S. and E. Tbi-re 
are several villages in the town. The surface is hilly, and 
the soil a rich loam. It has several factories, mills, and 
distilleries, and is crossed by the National Koad. 

East Bloomheld, t. and p. v., Ontario co., K. Y.: ISl ni. 
W. Albany. Drained by Mud cr. Surface undulating: soil 
clay and sandy loam. The v. on the "W. sidi; of the cr. has 
several stores and about 450 inhabitants. Pop. of t. about 
2,3i;2. 
East Boston, p. o., Suffolk co., Muss. : (Sec Boston.) 
East Brewer, p. v., Penobscot co., Me. : about T m. E. 
Bangor, and 71 m. E. N. E. Augusta. 

East Brewster, p. v., Barnstable co., Mass. : 79 m. S. E. 
Boston. 

East Bridgewater, I. and p. v., Plymouth co., Mans. : 23 
m. S. Boston. Drained by a branch of Taunton r., whieli 
ftirnishes water-power. P. 2,545. It has several large fac- 
tories, mills, and mechanic shops; and is connected with 
Boston by the Bridgewater Branch and the Old Colony K. II. 
East Brook, p. o., Lawrence co., Penn. : 182 m. W. N.W. 
Uarrisburg. 

East Beookfield, p. v., "Worcester co., Mass. : on the 
"Western K. R., 53 ra. W. by S. Boston. 

East Brookfield, p. v.. Orange co., Venn. : on a. branch 
of White river. 

East Burke, p. v., Caledonia co., Vei-m. : on a cr. of 
Passumsic r., 44 m. N. E. Montpelier. 

East Burnham, p. v., "Waldo co.. Me. : on the N. E. side 
of a small lake, 34 m. N. E. Augusta. 



East Calais, p. v., Washington co., Venn.: 13 m. N. E. 
Montjjelii'r. 

East Cambridge, p, v., Middlesex co., Mass. : in the 
metropolitan district of Boston, and on the line of the Bos- 
ton and Lowell K. K. It is connected with Boston by Canal 
Bridge, and by the viaduct of the Boston and Lowell IX. II. 
over Charles river. It contains a court-house, jail, and is a 
large and flourishing village. The former name of the place 
was Lechmere Point. 

East Cameron, p. v., Steuben CO., iV". 3"". ; 1S4 m. "W. by S. 
Albany. 

East Canaan, ji. v., Grafton co., J^. I/amp. ; 99 m. 
N. W. by N. Concord. 

East Canaan, p. v., Litchfleld co., Co7m. : 3G m. W. N.'W. 
Hartford. 

East Canisteo, p. v., Steuben co., N. Y. : 192 m. "W. by S, 
Albany. The v. lies on the Canisteo r., and the New York 
and Erie E. li., 1^37 m. from New York City, and 132 from 
Dunkirk, now called Adrian. 

East Carleton, p. v., Orleansco., JV. 1'.; 22Sm.W.byN. 
Albany. Situate on a branch of Oak-Orchard creek. 

East Centeeville, p. v., Indiana Co., Penn. : 123 ni. 
W'. by N. Uarrisburg. 

East CnARLEMONT. p. v., Franklin co., i/i/w. .* on the N. 
side of DeerfleUl r., and on the line of the Greenfield and 
North Adams Pv. P., 92 m. "W. by N. Boston. 

East Charleston, p. v., Orleans co., Vena.: on the N. 
side of Clyde r. of Lake Mempbremagog, a few ni. W. of 
the outlet of Seymour Lake, 51 m. N. N. E. Montpelier. 
The line of railroad projected from Eouse's Point to the 
Atlantic and St. Lawrence Pv. Pv. will intersect the village. 

East Chatham, p. v., Columbia co., N. Y. : 19 m. S. E. 

Albany. The Albany and "West Stockbridge (western) 

K. P., and the Hudson and Berkshire K. II. intersect here. 

East Chester, p. v., EockiBgham co., N. IJanip. : 23 ra. 

S. S. E. Concord. 

East Chester, t. and p. v., "Westchester co., N'. Y.: 114 
m. S. Albany. Drained by Bronx and Hutcliinson creeks, 
affluents of Long Island Sound. Surface hilly and stony. 
Soil a fertile loam. The v., on the E. side of East Chester 
cr., has a convenient harbor, and owns several sloops cm- 
ployed in trading with New York. The Harlem P. P., and 
the New York and New Haven R. li. pass through the 
town about 16 m. from New York. There are in the town 
91 farms, 7 manufacturing establishments, 2GS dwellings, 
and 1,079 inhabitants. 

East China, p. v., "Wyoming county, K. Y. : 22S ra. "W. 
Albany. 

East Claeendon, p. v., Rutland co., Venn. : 54 ra. 
S. by "W. Montpelier. 

EastClaeidon, p. o.,Geaugaco., Oldo: on the E. branch 
of Cuyahoga r., 141 m. N. E. Columbus. 

East Clarksfield, Huron co., Ohio : on the right side 
of Vermillion r. of Lake Erie, 189 m. N. N. E. Columbus. 

East Claekson, p. o., Monroe co.,^. Y. : 212 m.W. by N. 
Albany. 

East Cleteland, p. v., Cuyahoga co., Ohw : about 4 m. 
E. by S. Cleveland, and 124 m. N. E. Columbus. 

East Cobbleskill, p. v., Schoharie co., N. Y. : 33 m."W. 
Albany. Situated on the S. side of Cobbleskill cr. 

East Constable, p. o., Franklin co., JS\ Y. : 154 m. 
N. by "W. Albany. 

East Corinth, Penobscot CO., Me, : on a or. of Kendua- 
kcag r. of the Penobscot, 63 ra. N. E. Augusta. 

East Corinth, p. v., Orange co., Venn. : on Wail's r. of 
the Connecticut, 22 m. S. E. Montpelier. 

East Craftsbi:rv, p. v., Orleans county, Venn. : 31 m. 
N. N. E. Monti>elier. 

East Creek, p. o., Cape May co.. A': Jer. : 79 m. S. by E. 
Trenton. 

East CrTcnocrE. p. v., Suffolk co., K Y. : near (he lino 
of the Long Island R. K., 6 m. "W. of Greeiiport, and 129 
m. 3. E. by S. Albany. 

1S9 



EAS 



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East Dasii!, p. v., Barnsloblo co, Mass. : C6 m. S. E. 

""^Z Dco^.», p. v., oxford CO., Me. : 81 n>. E. by N. 

^iT'v^^o.-., p. v., Penobscot Co., Me.: 44 m.N.E. 

'^'ErsiDoESKT, p. v., Bennington co., Verm: on the lino 
oftho Ve:,"™ Vermint R. E., T4 m. 8. by W. Mon.pe hen 

East Doiiglass, p. v., Worcester CO., Jl^m.: on Mum- 
ford r.. an affluent of Blackstone r., 3S m S.W Boston^ 

East Dotee, p. o., Piscataquis Co., Me. : a m. N. N. 1.. 

■^'ifrsTDcASESBmiGn, p. o., Schenectady co., M T.: 21 

m. W. K. W. Albany. ,- v . oi- n, «. Vf 

East Dokua-x., p. o., Greene co,, ^. T. : 26 m. S. W. 

^ eTst Eddisgtos, p. v., Penobecot co.. Me. : 73 m. N. E. 

^irs?EoEN, p. 0., Erie co., iK ?: : 256 m. W. Albany. 

e1" E.tw.p.v., York co.,m: on the line of the 
Portsmouth, 6aco, and Portland K. K., 99 m. S. S. W. 

"" Ea"^ EVA.S, p. o., Eric co., X T. : 203 m.W Albany. 

East E^ceteb, p. v., Monroe CO., Mich. : on Stony cr. of 
Lake Erie, 73 m. S. E. Lansing. . ,„. „ 

East Fairfield, p. v., Columbiana co., Ohio. 18C m. 
E. N. E. Columbus. 

East Fairfield, p. v., Franklin CO., Verm. : on an afllu- 
encc of Missisqui r., 41 N. N. W. MontpeUer 

EvsT Ealmocth, p. v., Barnstable co.. Muss. : at the 
head of an inlet of Vineyard Sound, 61_m. S S. E. Boston. 

East FisnKiLL, t.. Duchess co.,*": l..' ,2 m 8. Albanj. 
Drained by FishkiU cr. Surface hUly in S. ; in N. declining 
to plains ■ The t. contains 210 farms, 13 manufacturmg 
establishments, 441 dwellings, and 2,010 inhabitants^ 

East Florence, p. o., Oneida co., X. 1 . : 10b m.W. N.-S\ . 

Albany. ^ o* „ 

Eastford, t. and p. v., Windham co., Cmiu: 81 ni. 
E bvN Hartford. Drained by Natchaug r., a tributary ol 
Willimantic r. The v. is located between the forks of the 
r., and has several manufactures. Pop. 1 128. 

East Fork, p. o., Montgomery co., M. : on_tho E. fork 
of Shoal cr., an affluent of the Kaskaskia r., 4i m. S. S. n. 

"^'Elsf "oRK, p. o., Macon Co., Mo. : on the E. fork of 
Chariton r., S9 m. N. by W. Jefferson City. 

East Foxborocgii, p. v., Korfolk co., Jfoss. ; near the 
linelf the Boston and Providence E. E.,23 m. S. by W. 

^ Ea8°t Frakklin, p. v., Franklin co., rerm. : 5* m. N. by 

W. Montpelier. t,t v -kt 

East Freedom, p. o., Blair co., Penn. : 84 m. W. by N. 

Harrisburg. »,■ ^- . i, i m 

East Freetown, p. 0., Corttandt county, X.i.. 114 m. 

W by S. Albany. , ,, 

East Gai-nes, p. o., Orleans co., X. T. : 228 m. W. by N. 

Albany. . ir ir . oio „ 

East GAiNEsyiLLE, p. o., Wyommg co., N. Y. . 218 m. 

"^Filr oLvAT, p. 0., Saratoga co., M Y. : 2T m. N. N.W. 

Albany. ,0.. „ tjt 

East Gesoa, p. v., Ciyuga county, K. 1.; 13, m. w. 

^E°AST Georgia, p. v., Franklin co.. Term. : on the Une 
of the Vermont Central E. P.., 48 m. N. W. Montpelier 
East Germak, p. o., Chenango eo., N. Y. : 100 m.W. by S. 

"■GERMA..T0WN, p. v., Wayne co., M.: 56 m. E. 

'1as"t GL^KviLLB, p. o., Schenectady CO., iv: Y: 10 m, 

''E'!;;'GrA™.,p. o.,Eensse.acr co., ^ K: 21 m.K.E, 
Albany. 

190 



14 m. N. 



E,vsT GKAJiBT, p. v., Hartford county. Conn. 
Hartford. _ 

East Granville, p.v., Hampden co., MoM. : on an afllQ- 
ent of Westfield r., 98 m. W. by S. Boston. 

East 6rei-:.nbcsu, p. v., Bensselaer county, A. Y. : C m. 
E. by 8. Albany. It contains about 30 dweUings. 

East Gree.-^, p. o., Chenango CO., X. T. : 99 m.W. S.W. 

Albany. ,„^ ,, t- 

East Greenville, p. v., Stark co., Olao: 100 m. N. E. 

Columbus. 

East Greeswict, p. 0., Washington co., A. 1. ■• .« m. 
N. N. E. Albany. „ r 10 

E\5T Greenwich, t., p. v., and cap. Kent eo., h. J. ■ t- 
m 8 Providence. Drained by Maskachug and Hunt's 
rivers on which are numerous cotton and other manufac- 
tories. Surface rather rough and stony. Soils comparatively 
fertile yielding good crops of corn, barley, and potatoes. 
The t is alw noted for its excellent fruit and cider. The 
harbor in front of the v., an arm of Narragansct Bay, is deep 
enough for vessels of 500 tons. A number of vessels are 
owned here, and the coasting trade and fisheries give em- 
ployment to many of the inhabitants. Across the bay to 
Bristol is about 8 miles. The village is intersected by tho 
Stonington and Providence E. E. Pop. of t. 2,3o?. 
East Grove, p. o., Henry eo., la.: 52 m. 8. lo^a City. 
East Geotelaud, p. o., Livingston co., JK Y.: 19 1 m. 

W. Albany. ,r t^ . ci m 

East Guilford, p. v., Chenango county, N.Y.Si m. 
W. by S. Albany. Situate on the W. side of UnadiUa cr., 
and contains about 30 dwellings. 

East Hadda-m, t. and p.v., Middlesex CO., C(W«..;2T 
m 8 S E Harlford. Drained by tributaries of Connecticut 
r ' which'makes lis W. border. Surface uneven .and rocky. 
Soil fertile, and adapted to grazing. The v. "f Ef Had- 
dara lies on the E. bank of the Connecticut, a litte below 
the mouth of Salmon r., 14 m. from Long Island Sound. 
U is a thriving place, with a b.ank, etc. In the t. there arc 
several other manufacturing viUagcs-on Salmon r. aiad 1I3 
tribut.ary, Moodus r, Pop,oft. 2,610, „ „ c f 

Eastuam, t. and p, v,, Barnstable co„ Mass.:S^ m. S.E 
Boston. Situate on Cape Cod, about half way between the 
elbow and the Cape. Surface flat. Soil sandy and sterile 
The inhabitants arc chiefly engaged m coasting ami the 
flslleries and in the manufacture of salt, which ,s produced 
,,)• the el-aroralion of sea-water. Pop. 845 
East Uamblegu, p. o,, Erie CO, AC K . -49 m. 

^'Sh.^«ilton, p, o,, Madison county, X. T. : 82 m, 

W, bvN, Albany. . „ 

EiST Hampden, p.v., Penobscot Co., Me..: on the W. 

side of Penobscot r., immediately below the confluence of 

Sowailabseook r., 59 m. N. E. Augusta. 

'^Isx Hampton, p. v., Middlesex co. Conn^ on Pine 

Brook, the outlet of Pocotopogue Pond, 17 ra. 8. .. i.. 

H™r°ford, The New iork and Boston K, E. (direct Ime) 

will Da«3 through the village. 

Ea^t Hampton Lake, p. 0., Middlesex co„ Conn. : 1,5 m, 
8, 8, E, Hartford, . . .5 

East Hampton, t. and p, v„ Hampshire co M>m. . 98 
n, W by S. Boston, Drained by several trilnitanes of 
r^nneetient r. Surface variegated, and soils alluvial and 
ver" p o luetive. The v. is pleasanUy situate on a flue mdl- 
, r .,„d h-js several factories of cotton goods, boots and 
::: s ;tc M, T^lies between this t, and the C^nnec- 
n ul ; The line of the abandoned Hampshire and llamp- 
d" Canal passes through the t,. and will be probablV filled 
up and used as the bed of the New Haven and Norlhamp- 

'"Siam™™:? iid p, V,. Suffolk CO., y. r. .■ 133 m. 
S E Albany. Occupies the extreme E. peninsula of Long 
inland, and includes Gardiner's and other small islands 
Surface level; soil, san.ly alluvion, T..ward Montauk 
Point the land is rugged. On this noted point there is a 



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lisht-house 140 feet bigh, the light of which can l,>e seen 
30 m. from sea. A remnant of the Montauk Indians re- 
side here on a conditional resenation of 1,000 acres. The v. 
lies on a single street and contains about -100 iuhabilants. 
There are in Ihe t. 163 farms, 2 manufacturing establith- 
menls, 423 dwellings, and 2,122 inhabitants. 

East IIaxotee, t. and p, o., Lebanon co., Penn. : 21 m. 
E. Uarrisburg. It lies between the Blue Mountains and 
Swatara cr., which gives it considerable water-power. It 
has several mills, etc., and about 2,600 inhabitants. 

East IIardavick, p. v., Caledonia eo., }'<jrjn.: on La 
Moille r., 24 m. N. E. by N. Montpelier. 

East IIaktfokd, t. and p. v., Hartford co.. Conn.: on 
the E. side of Connecticut r., opposite to Hartford, with 
which it is connected by a bridge, and the Providence, 
Hartford, and Fishkill R. K. hero crosses Ihe r. The t. is 
drained chiefly by lloekanum r., which falls into the Con- 
necticut, and affords extensive water-]»ower. The land on 
tlic Connecticut is an alluvial meadow, very fertile ; back 
of this it rises 15 or 20 feet to an extensive jplain, and a 
causeway a mile long extends across the meadows to the 
bridge. The v. is pleasantly located on the plain, mostly 
on one broad street, sliaded by lofty elmS and other trees, 
the former in rows down the middle and the latter on its 
sides. East Hartford has long been noted for its manufac- 
tures and has still a considerable amount. The first powder- 
mill in the country was erected here in 1775. The present 
population of the t. amounts to 2,497 souls. 

East Uarwick, p. v., Barnstable co., Mass. : 72 m. S. E. 
Boston. 

East Havex, t. and p. v., Xew TTavcn co., Conn, : on the 
E. side of New Haven Harltor, and on Long Island Sound, 
37 m. S. by "W. Hartford ; and separated from Now Haven 
by Quinnipiac r.,over which there are bridges and railroad 
viaducts. Farm r. also runs through the town. The sur- 
face is generally level, and the soil light and sandy or sandy 
loam — to the E., however, it is hilly, and the soil a gravelly 
loam. The v. is pleasantly located and commands a fine 
prospect of Long Island Sound. It has some trade, and 
many of the inhal^itants are engaged in coasting and fish- 
ing. The New Haven and New London K. R. passes 
through it. Population of the t. 1.073. A light-house 
stands on Five Mile Point, the E. side of the entrance to the 
harbor. 

East Haven, t. and p. o., Essex co., Venn.: 40 m. 
N. E. I)y E. Monlpelier. Drained by Paul's stream on the 
E., and on the \V. by Passumsic r. Surface mountainous 
and rugged, and but a small portion fit for cultivation. It 
is very sparsely settled. Pop. !>4. 

East Haverhill, p. v., Essex CO., Mass, : on the N. side 
of Merrimac r., 32 m. N. Boston. 

East Haverhill, p. v., Grafton co., y. Ramp.: 13 m. 
N. N. W . Concord. 

East IIebrox, p. v., Oxford co.. M^. : on a cr. of Little 
Androscoggin r., and on tlie line of the Buckfield Branch 
R. Pv., 31 m. "W. S. W. Augusta. 

East Hempfield, t. and p. o., Lancaster co., Penn. : 82 
m. E. S. E. Uarrisburg. Drained l)y Little Conestoga r. 
Surface generally level, and soils fertile. There are several 
distilleries, mills, etc., in the town, and about l.SOO inhabit- 
ants. The Lancaster and Uarrisburg K. E. passes through 
it, 5 ra. W. Lancaster. 

East IlF.nRicK, p. c, Bradford co., Ptnn.: lOS m. 
N. by E. Uarrisburg. 

East Higiigate, p. v., Franklin co., Verm.: on the N. 
side of Missisqui r., 52 m. N. N. W. Montpelier. 

East Hill, p. v., Alleghany co., 2^. Y. : 203 m.'W. Albany. 

East Homeb, p. o., Cortlandt co., A'". Y.: 117 m. W. 
Albany. 

East Houxdsfield, p. o., Jefferson co., K. Y.: 143 m. 
N. W. Albany. 

East Jaffret, p, v., Cheshire co., iV. ITamp.: 36 m. 
8. "W. Concord. 



East J.wa, p. o., Wyommg co., jV. Y,: 220 ni. "W. 
Alliany. 

East Kent, p. o., Lilclifield co., Conn. : 41 m. W. by S. 
Hartford. 

East Kill, p. o., Greene co., A'. 3". ; 40 m. S. S. "W. 
Albany. 

East Kjllingly, p. v., "Windham co., Conn.: 40 m. E. 
Hartford. 

East Kingston, t. and p. v., Rockingham co., K, llarnp. : 
37 m. S. E. Concord. Drained by Pow-wow r. Soils fer- 
tile. It has several mills, tanneries, etc. Tlie v. is localetl 
on the Boston and Maine R. R. Fop. oft. 532. 

East Knox, p. o., Waldo co., Me.: 29 m. E. N. E. 
Augusta. 

East Koy, p. o., "Wyoming co., K. Y. : on East Koy cr., 
2ts m. W. Albany. The creek rises in Genesee co., and in 
Alleghany co. unites with West Koy er., whence it flows 
into (Jencsee r. It is a good mill stream. 

East Landaff, p. o., Grafton co., A^. Hamp. : at the S. 
base of Landaff Mount^iin, 04 m. N. by W. Concord. The 
finest of iron ore abounds in this vicinity. 

East Lansing, p. o., Tompkins co., A^. Y. : 13G m. 
W. by S. Albany. 

East La Porte, p. o., Haywood co.. A' Cai\: 246 in. 
W. Raleigh. 

East Lebanon, p. v., Grafton oo.. A''. Jlfimp.: at the 
N. end of Mascoma Pond, 46 m. N. W. Concord. The 
Northern (N. U.) R. E. intersects the v., CI m. by the route 
from Concord. 

East Lee, p. o., Berkshire co., Mass. : 113 m. W. Boston. 

East Lejji'Ster, p. o., Sullivan co., N. Ham}). : 31 m. W. 
Concord. 

East Leon, p, o., Cattaraugus co., K Y. : 204 m. "W". by S. 
Albany. 

East Lewlston, p. o., Mahoning co., Ohio : 137 m. N. E. 
Columbus. , 

East Lesinoton, p. v., Middlesex co., 3fass. : 9 m. N.W. 
Boston. The Lexington and West Cambridge R. R. passes 
through the village. 

East Libeett, p. o., Logan co., O^iw: 46 m. N. W. 
Columbus. 

East Libertt, p. v., Allen CO., I/i(f. : 104 m. N. E. 
Indianapolis. 

East LutERTT, v., Alleghany co., Penn.: on the Penn- 
sylvania R. R., 5 m. E. Pittsburg. It is a thriving place of 
some OOO inhabitants. 

East Lihertv, p. v., Fayette co., Penn.: on the S. W. 
side of Youghiogeny r., 152 m. W. by S. Uarrisburg. 

East Limington, p. o., York co.. Me.: 63 m. S. W. 
Augusta. 

East Line, p. v., Saratoga co., aV. Y. : 19 m. N. by W. 
Albany. 

East Livermore, t. and p. v., Kennebec co.. Me. : on 
lh(; left bank of Androscoggin r., 21 m. W. by N. Augusta. 
The Androscoggin E. R. passes through the v., about Ki 
m. from Leeds Station, its point of connection with the 
Androscoggin and Kennebec E. R. Pop. oft. 892. 

East Liverpool, p. v., Columbiana co., OJiio: near the 
right bank of the Ohio r., 134 m. E. N. E. Columbus. It is 
a well laid-out village, and contains several large ware- 
houses, etc., being the principal depfit of the flour from the 
numerous flouring-iaills on Little Beaver r. The location 
is one of tlie jileasantest in the State— the land rises from 
the river, affording commanding sites in the more elevated 
parts. 

East Long Meadow, p. v., Hampden co., Mass. : 79 m. 
W. 9. W. Boston. 

East Lyman, p. v., Grafton county, X. Hamp. : 77 m. 
W. N. W. Concord. 

East Lyme. t. and p. v., Kew London co., Conn-: 39 m. 
S. E. Hartford. It has a number of creeks falling into 
Long Island Sound, and on its E. border is a deep inlet 
much frequenU'd by fishermen, aud in which large num- 

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bera of fish arc taken. The v. lies about 6 m. N. "W. of 
Kcw London, and is pleasantly situated on high land over- 
looking the sound. The t, is crossed in the S. by the New- 
Haven and New London R. R. Pop. 1,8S2. 

East Macdoxouou, p. c, Chenango co., 2^. T. : 98 m. 
W. by S. Albany. 

East Macui.vs, t. and p. v., Washington co.. Me. : 121 m. 
E. N, E. Augusta. Drained by East Marhias r., which, 
after receiving the waters of a large pond from the E., 
falls into Macbias r. and bay, at the S. extremity of the t. 
These afford immense water-power. The village, or set- 
tlement, lies on both sides of the river, and has several 
mills both above and below it. Pop. of t V3S2, 

East Madison, p. v., Somerset co„ Me. : at the outlet of 
a large pond, 3t> m. N. Augusta. It has several mills and 
about SO inhabitants. 

East Maine, p. o., Broome co., N. T. : 118 m. W. S. "W. 
Albany. 

Eastmansville, p. v., Fulton co., A'". Y.: 41 m. N. "W. 
Albany. 

East Marion, p. c, Srfffolk co., 2^. T. 

East Marion, p. v., Livingston co., JJich. : 34 m. E. 3. E. 
Lansing. 

East Marsiifteld, p. v., Plymouth co., 3fas8.: IS m. 
S. E. Boston. It ia pleasantly located about a mile back 
from South river. 

East Medwat, p. v., Norfolk co., J/o-w..* 20 m. 9. W. 
Boston. The projected New York and Boston E. E. will 
pass through the village. 

East Middledokougii, p. v., Plymouth co., Mass. : 34 m. 
8. by E. Boston. 

East Mipdlebckt, p. v., Addison co. Venyi.: 30 ra. 
8. W. Montpelier. 

East Monmouth, p. v., Kennebec co., Me. : 13 m. S. "W. 
Angusta. 

East MoNRqp, p. v., Highland co., Ohio: on the"W. side 
of Rattlesnake cr., a constituent of Paint cr., 51 m. S.W. by S. 
Columbus. 

East Montpelier, t, and p. v., Washington co., VeTvn. : 
6 fii. E. by N. Montpelier. The v. is located on Onion r., 
by which the sucface of the t. is drained. It is a fine 
agricultural region. Pop. 1,44", 

East Montville, p. v., AValdo co., Me. : 30 m. E. N. E. 
Augusta. 

East Moriches, p. v., Suffolk co.. A". Y. : 132 ni. S. S. E. 
Albany and about C2 m. E. New Tork, on the S. side of 
Long Island. 

East MotiLTONBOROUGn, p. v., Carroll co., Ii^. Hamj}. : 
89 m. N. by E. Concord. 

East Nassau, p. o., Rensselaer co., N. Y. : 17 m. S. E. 
Albany. 

East New Market, p. v., Dorchester co., Md. : about 3 
m. E. of Choptank r., 39 m. S. E. Annapolis. 

East Newport, p. v., Penobscot co.. Me. : on a cr. of 
Sebasticook r., 53 ra. N. E. Augusta. 

East New Portland, p. v., Somerset co.. Me. : on Seven 
Mile Brook of Kennebec r., 42 m. N. N. W. Augusta. 

East New Sharon, p. v., Kennebec co.. Me. : 23 m. 
N. N. W. Augusta. 

East New A''inetaed, p. v., ErankUn co., Me. : 35 m. 
N- N. W. Augusta. 

East New York, p. v., Kings co., N.Y.:^ ra. from 
New York and 130 m. S. Albany. This is a pleasant v., 
located on the line of the Long Island R. R.. and has within 
the past year or two been rapidly increased by the over- 
flowing population of the adjoining cities. It has several 
promising manufacturing establishments. 

East Northport, p. v., Waldo co., Me. : on Belfast Bay, 
42 m. E. Augusta. 

East Northwood, p. t., Rockingham co., A^ Hmnp.: 17 
m. E. by S. Concord. 

East North Yar.\iouTh, p. v., Cumberland CO., Me. : 40 
tn. S. by W. Augusta. 
192 



East Norwich, p. v., Queen's co., IT. Y.: 126 m. S. 
Albany. 

East Ogden, p. v., Lenawee co., Jlich. : 71 m. S. S. E. 
Lansing. 

Easton, t. and p. o., Fairflehl co., Conn. : 51 ra. S. W. by 
S. Hartford. Drained by Saugaluck and Mill rivers, which 
run to Long Island Sound. It ia entirely agricultural in its 
industry. Pop. 1,432. 

Easton, p. v., and cap. Talbot co., Md.: on Treadhaven 
cr., 12 ra. from its confluence with the estuary of Choptank 
r., 27 ra. E. S. E. Annapolis. Lat, 30° 46' 10" N., and 
long. 76° OS' W. It is the largest and most populous v. of 
the eastern shore, and a place of considerable trade. It 
contains a C. U., a jail, a market-house, anil 4 church edi- 
fices; and it has two newspapers, the "E. Gazette'' (whig) 
and the " E. Star" (dem.), both issued weekly. Pop. 1,413. 

Easton, t. and p. v., Bristol co., Mass. : 24 ra. S. Boston. 
Drained by affluents of Taunton r., on which are numer- 
ous establishments for cotton, woo], and iron manufactures. 
It is one of the most busy manufacturing towns in the State. 
The V. hes a little eastward of the centre of thet, P. 2,337. 

Easton, t. and p. v., Washington co., X. T. : 24 m. 
N. by E. Albany. Drained by Batteukill and other creeks 
of Hudson r., which bounds it on the W. Surface diver- 
sified; soil, sandy and clayey loam. The v. lies on the 
Troy and Whitehall turnpike, and contains between 300 
and 400 inhabitants. The t. has a pop. of 3,225. 

Easton, p. v., WajTie co., Ohio: 79 ra. N. E. Columbus. 

Easton, p. b., and cap. Northarapton co., Penn. : on tho 
W. side of Delaware r., where it receives the Lehigh r., 
93 m. E. N. E. Ilarrisburg. It is built on a point of laud 
formed by the Delaware and Lehigh rivers and Bushkill cr. 
Tbe streets are laid out along the cardinal points, crossing 
each other at right angles, and forming in the centre of the 
borough a square area, on which stands the court-house. 
The part of the v. on the Delaware is level, but consider- 
ably elevated above the river, and the ground rises grad- 
ually toward the W., to a considerable height. There 
are fine bridges and viaducts over all the streams above- 
mentioned. 

Easton is the entrepSt of a vast internal commerce be- 
tween the coal and iron fields of Pennsylvania and the 
Eastern markets, and will in time become an important 
point in the line of travel frora East to West, being situated 
at the most eligible pass between tho two sections. Already 
it is the terminus of several lines of railroad and of three 
canals, viz., the Morris Canal, the Lehigh Canal, and the 
Delaware Canal. Here terminates the New Jersey Central 
R. R., and also railroads coming from the western borders 
of Pennsylvania on Lake Erie, and from Pittsburg ; and 
others are projected to Lake Ontario. The distance from 
New York to Erie iyi<i Easton, when the lines contemplated 
aro completed, will be 462 miles and to Pittsburg 423. 

As a business place Easton is one of the most prosperous 
towns of Pennsylvania. It will give some idea of the 
magnitude of its various interests, to state that there are 
within a radius of 3 miles of the place, IS merchant and 
grist-mills, C saw-mills, 3 oil-mills, 3 tanneries, 5 fonnderies, 
7 distilleries, 1 planing-miU and wire factory, 3 large blast 
furnaces, 2 cotton factories, and other smaller factories, all 
in full operation. At South Easton there is a vast water- 
power, sufficient for a great increase of manufactures : be- 
sides which the Lehigh r. has a fall of 200 feet between the 
Lehigh Water Gap and Easton, a distance of 25 miles, 
which would afford any additional water-power required. 

The surrounding country is remarkable for the exquisite 
beauty of its natural scenery and its uncommon healthiness, 
as well as for its exceeding fertility and great advantages 
for manufactures, trade, and business. The excess of flour 
over and above the home consumption that is annually sent 
to market from Easton and its vicinity, exceeds 110.000 l>ar- 
rels, and 50,0(10 barrels of corn meal. At Easton alone 
during 1851, there were manufactured 90,000 barrels of 



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flour, 14,000 barrels of whiskey, 3,000 tons of pig melal, 
and SOO tons refined iron. Immense deposits of the finest 
kinds of iron ore have been found in liie vicinity, and no 
section of the United States is more favorably adapted to 
the suece-ssful manufacture of iron. In sliort, the position 
and resources of Easton are so favorable, and its growth so 
rapiJ, that nothing but the opening of the lines of railroad 
now projected is wanting to enable it to take a position 
among the most prosperous of our inland cities. 

The borough is well supphed witli the means of educa- 
tion and religious inslnicticn. It lias innnerous Sabbath- 
echools and churches, and several primary and public 
scliools, academies, etc. ; and lu-re is located Lafayette Col- 
lege, one of the beat institutions uf the State— manual labor 
forming a branch of its curriculum. This institution was 
founded in 1S32; in 1S50 it liad a presi<lent, 7 profi-ssors, 
and 82 students ; its alumni counted lnl, of which 30 were 
in the ministry, and its library contained 5,000 volumes. 

The press of Easton consists of S weekly newspapers, viz., 
the " Northampton Correspondent" (dem.), " Der Democrat" 
(Germ.dem.), the "E. Whig," the "E. Sentiner'(dem.), the 
" Independent Democrat," the '' Eastonian" (whig), tbo 
*' Northampton Courier" (dem,), and the *' Democrat and 
Argus'' (dem.) — all issued weekly. 

The population of Easton in 1820 was 2,370; in 1S30, 
S,529 ; in 14S0, 4,S<j5, and in iSfjO. 

East Orange, p. o., Delaware co., OJiio : on Alum cr.. 
15 m. N. Columbus. 

East Orange, p. v., Orange co., Ttrm. : 15 m. E. S. E. 
Montpelier. 

East Oeaxgeville, p. c, Wyoming co., N. T.: 218 m. 
W. Albany. 

East Oruians, p. v., Bam.'*table co., Muhs. : 73 m. S. E. 
Boston. 

East Oeeington, p. v., Penobscot co., Me. : 63 m. 
E. N. E. Augusta. 

East Otto, p. o., Cattaraugus co., N. Y. : 24S m. W. by S. 
Albany. 

East Painted Post, p. o., Steuben co., N". Y.: KiG m. 
W. S. W. Albany. By the Erie K. R. 29S m. from New 
Turk City. 

Ea6t Palesthte, p. v., Columl)iana co., Ohio: 13S m. 
E. N. E. Columbus. 

East Palmyra, p. o., Wayne co., y. Y. : IGS m.W. by N. 
Albany. 

East Parish, p. o., Oswego co., K Y. : 122 m. W. N. W^. 
Albany. 

East Parsonfield, p. v., York co,, Me. : 72 m. S. W. 
Augusta. 

East Pembroke, p. v., Oencsee co., N. Y. : 226 m. W. 
Albany. The IIufTalo and Uochestcr li. II. and the Canan- 
daigua E. E. pass the village. 

East Penn, t. and p. o., Carbon co., Fent}. : 64 m. 
E. by N. Harrisburg. Drained by Mahoning and Lizzard 
creeks of Lehigh r., which makes its E. boVder. The Blue 
Mountains traverse its S. lino, ami through this, in the E. 
part of the t. is tho Lehigh Water Cap. Iron ore and coal 
abound, and there are several furnaces, etc. Pop. about 
1,700. 

East Pepperell. p. v., IMiiMIesex co., Mms. : 36 m. N.W. 
Boston, near the line of tiie Worcester and Nashua R. R. 

East Pert:, p. v., Clinton co., A'^ }' ; on Little Au Sable 
r. of Lake Champlain, 12(5 ni. N. Albany. 

East PiiARSALiA, p. v., Chenango co.. If. Y. : 93 m. 
W. by S. Albany. 

East Pierpoint, p. c, St. Lawrence co., A^ Y. : 13G m. 
N. W. by N. Albany. 

East Pike, p. v., Wyoming co., A'. Y.: on East Koy cr., 
218 m. W. Albany. 

East Pitcairn, p. o., St. Lawrence county, A'". Y. : 124 
m. N. W. Albany. 

East Pittsfield, p. v., Somerset co.. Me. : on a branch 
of Sebasticook r., 36 m. N. N. E. Augusta. 

A2 



East Pxttston, p. v., Kennebec co., Me. : 14 m. S. 9. E 
Augusta. 

East Plainfield, p. v., Sullivan co., N. Ilamp. 

East Plvmodth, p. v., Ashtabula co., Ohio : on Ashta- 
bula cr., 172 m. N. E. Columbus. 

East Point, p. o., De Kalb co., Ga.: on the line of the 
Macon and Western R. R., 6 m. E. of Atlanta, ami the pi)int 
from which the La Grange R. R. diverges. In a direct line 
it is distant 80 m. AV. N. W. MilledgevUle. 

East Poland, p. v., Cumberland co.. Me. : on the line 
of the Atlantic ami St. Lawrence E. R., 31 m. from Port- 
land, and !i3 m. S. W. Augusta. 

Eabtport, t. and p. v., Washington county, Me. : 144 m. 
E. by N. Augusta. The t. consists of Moose Island, 4 m. 
long (2,150 acres), and several smaller islands, viz., Duillcy's, 
Frederiek, and Patmos. in Passamaquoddy Bay. The v. 
of Eastj.ort 0:d. 140 54' N., and long, tifio 56' W.) is on 
Moose Island, which is connected with Dennysvillc and 
Perry by bridges, and with Lubec by a ferry, and is but a 
short distance from tho British islands— Indian and Campo 
Bello. It has a fine harbor in Passamaquoddy Bay, and tho 
tide is hero rai>id, and rises 25 feet. It has a large lumber 
trade, and its trade with the neighboring provinces has long 
been very flourishing. In the fisheries and coasting it has 
also a large nund)er of vessels engaged. The tomjage of 
Passaniaqu"ddy Bay in 1S50 was 19,9S5 tons, of which 
10,531 tons were registered, 9,153 tons enrolled and licensed, 
and 272 tons licensed and under 20 tons. Of the enrolled 
and licensed tonnage, 7,385 tons were engaged in the coast- 
ing trade, 1,316 in the cod fishery, and 4S2 in the mackerel 
fishery. The steam tonnage amounted to 213 tons regis- 
tered, and 048 tons enrolled and licensed. During the year 
1S49-50, 7,4SS tons of shipping were built, viz., 13 ships, 8 
brigs, 15 schooners, and 3 steamers. Clearances to foreign 
ports, 746 1^63,307 tons), and entrances, 720 (58,453 tons). 
Much of the shipping built here is sold and exported. The 
popidation of the t. in 1850 was 4,125. A United States' 
garrison is maintained at this station, which is the most 
easterly of the Union, and nearest to the Brilisii territory. 

Easti'okt, p. v., Tishemingo co., Mias. : on left bank of 
Tennessee r., and immediately W. of the mouth of Bear r., 
2iiS m. N. E. Jackson. The Memphis and Charleston 
R. R. passes through the v., skirting the r. from Tuscumbia 
to the Tennessee State line. 

East Podi-tney, p. v., Rutland co., Yet^n. : 56 m. S. S. W. 
Montpelier. It contains several mechanic shops and about 
65 dwellings. 

East Princeton, p. v.,Worcester co., Mans. : on a branch 
of Nashua r., 42 m. W. by N. Boston. 

East Raisinville, p. v., Monroe co., Mich. : 76 m.S. E. 
Lansing. 

East RANDoi.pn, p. o., Cattaraugus co., K. Y. : 23^ m. 
W. by S. Albany. 

East Randolph, p. v., Norfolk county, Mtu^s.: 14 ra. S. 
Boston. 

East Randolph, p. v.. Orange co.. Verm. : on the Second 
Branch ()f White r., 23 m. S. by E. Montpelier. The river 
here affords good water-power. 

East Raymond, p. v., Cumberland co.. Me. : 46 m. S. W. 
Augusta. 

East Readfield.p. o., Kennebec co., 3/^. .• 7 m.W. N.W- 
Augusta, near tiie Androscoggin and Kennebec R. R. 

East Richland, p. v., Belmont county, Ohio: 112 m. E. 
CoIuml)us. 

East River, p. o., Mercer co., Tirg.: 192 m. W. by 9. 
Richmond. East r. is a tributary of Great Kanawha river. 

East River, p. o., Walton co., Flo}\ : on the r. so called, 
132 m. AV. by N. Tallahassee. 

East river, A'. Y. : a strait between Long Island Sound 
and the harbor of New York, dividing Long Island from 
the mainland. It is about 15 m. long, and navigable for tho 
largest vessels. The noted pass, called Hell Gate, is situated 
opposite Barn Island, about 6 m. from New York City. The 

198 



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/nternipnons to navigation in this channel have been re- 
moveJ, and the dangers which hitherto made it a scene 
of dread to the seaman, are among the things of the past, 
existing only in the legends of the forecastle. 

East Eocuester, p. v., Columbiana co., Ohio: 114 m. 
E. N. E. Columbus, near the Cleveland and Pittsburg 
R. E., about 73 m. from Cleveland. 

East KoDiiAi*, p. o., Jefferson co., K. T. : 128 m. N. "W. 
Albany. 

East Rosbttrt, p. v., Washington county, Verm. : 13 m. 
S. by W. Monlpelier. 

East Kumfokd, p. v., Oxford co., 3fe.: on tbe N. side 
of Androscoggin r., 42 m. W. N. W. Augusta. 

East Rupeet, p. v., Bennington county, Venn. : 11 m. 
S. by W. Montpelier. 

East Salem, p. o., Washington co., N. Y, : 40 m. N. N. E. 
Albany, 

East Sausbuby, p. v., Essex co., Mass. : 37 ra. N. by E. 
Boston. 

East Sanbornton, Belknap co., 2i. Ramp. : near Great 
Bay, 21 m. N. Concord. 

East Sakd Lake, p. v., Rensselaer co., N. Y. : 14 m. E. 
Albany. 

East Sawdttich, p. v., Bamstablo CO., Mass. : on Cape 
Cod Bay, 54 m. 9. 8. E. Boston. 

East Sandy, p. o., Venango co., Penn. : on Sandy cr., 174 
m. W. N. W. Harrisburg, 

East Sangekville, p. v., Piscataquis co., 3fe. : on the 
8. side of Piscataquis r., 63 m. N. N. E. Augusta. 

East ScnrvLEE, p. o., Herkimer county, X. 51 ; 71 m. 
W. N. W. Albany, 
East Scott, p. o., Cortlandt co., K Y. : 122 m.W. Albany. 
East Sharon, p. v.. Potter co., Penn. : in the N. W. 
comer of the co.,132 m. N. W. by N. Harrisburg. 

East Sharon, p. v., Norfolk co., Mass. : 19 m. S. S. W. 
Boston. 

East SnAEPSBTJEGn, p. v., Blair co., Penn. : 116 m. W. 
Harrisburg. 

East SirEFFiEi-D, p. v., Berkshire county, Mass. : 117 m. 
W. by S. Boston, 

East SnELBmtNE, p. v., Franklin county, Mass. : 83 m. 
W. N. W. Boston. 

East Suelby, p. o., Orleans co., 2^. Y.: 123 m. W, by N. 
Albany. 

East Sihxdon, p. v., Franklin co.. Verm. : on the S. side 
of Missisqui r., 47 m. N. N. W. Montpelier. 

East SMrrnriELD, p. v., Bradford co., Penn. : 103 m. N. 
Harrisburg. 

East Spkingfield, p. o., Otsego county, X. K ; 54 m. 
W. by N. Albany. 

East Springfield, p. o., Jefferson co., Ohio: 114 m. 
E. N. E. Columbus. 

East Springhill, p. c, Bradford co., Peivn. : 103 m. N. 
Harrisburg. 

East Spkingwatee, p. c, Livingston co., K. Y.: 186 
m. W. Albany. 

East Standish, p. v., Cumberland co., Me. : on the 
B. E. side of Sebago Pond, 55 m. S. W. Augusta. 

East Stekung, p. v., Wayne co., Penn. : 104 m. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

East Stonetlam, p. v., O-xford co.. Me. : 54 m. W. by S. 
Augusta. 

East Stougiiton, p. v., Norfolk co., Mass. : on the line 
of the Fall River K, R., IT m. S. Boston, and 37 m. from 
Fall River Yillage. 

East Stkong, p. v., Franklin co., Me. : 37 m. N.W. by N. 
Augusta. 

East Suffield, p. v., Hartford co., Comi. : on the W. side 
of Connecticut r., 13 m. N. Hartford. 

East Sullivan, p. v., Hancock co.. Me. : S3 m. E. by N. 
Augusta. 

East Sullitan, p, v., Cheshire co., }T. Uamp. : 37 m. 
W. S. W. Concord. 
194 



East Summer, p. v., Oxford co., Me. : 31 m.W. Augusta. 

East Tuetford, p. v., Orange co., Vemi. : on the W. side 
of Connecticut r., 37 m. S. E. by S. Montpelier. The Con- 
necticut and Paasumsic Rivers R. R. passes the village. 

East Townsend, p. o., Huron co., Ohio: &S m, N. N. E. 
Columbus. 

East Trenton, p. v., Hancock co., Me. : on the N. side 
of Mount Desert Island Sound, 73 m. E. by N. Augusta. 

East Troy, t. and p. v., Walworth co.. Wise. : 66 m. 
E. S. E. Madison. Drained by Honey cr. of Fox r. and a 
number of small lakes. The v. on the N. side of Honey 
creek is a considerable settlement, and is connected with 
Milwaukie by a plank road. Pop. oft. 1.31S. 

East Trot, p. o., Bradford co., Penn. : 102 m. N. by W. 
Harrisburg. 

East Titrser, p. v., Oxford co., Me. : on the W. side of 
Androscoggin r., 24 m. W. S. W. Augusta. 

East Union, p. v., Lincoln county. Me. : 31 m. E. S. E. 
Augusta. 

East Union, t. and p. o., Wayne co., Ohio : 73 m. N. E. 
Columbus. Drained by Apple cr., a constituent of Killbuck 
cr. Surface diversified : soil fertile. The Ohio and Penn- 
sylvania R. R. runs along the N. line of the t. Pop.194. 

East Unity, Sullivan co., K. Hamp. : on the S. branch 
of Sugar r., 31 m. W. by N. Concord. 

East Vabick, p. v., Seneca co., 2f.Y.: on the W. side 
of Cayuga Lake, 152 m. W. Albany. 

East Vassalborough, p. v., Kennebec co., Me. : on the 
N. side of a large pond, 14 m. N. E. Augusta. 

E astville. p. v., Randolph co., Ala. : on Little Tallapoosa 
r., near the E. line of the State, 89 m. N. E. by N. Mont- 
gomery. 

Eastvtlle, p. v., Bath co., Kij. : 66 m. E. Frankfort. 

Eastville, p. v., and cap. Northampton co., Virg. : 86 
m. E. Richmond, on the S. side of King's cr., a small stream 
which enters by a broad estuary into Chesapeake Bay. It 
contains the co. offices and about 30 dwellings. 

East Vikgil, p. o., Cortlandt county, A^. Y. : 118 m. W. 
Albany. 

East Wakefield, p. v., Carroll co., K Hamp. : 83 m. 
N. E. Concord. ■* 

East Wareham, p. v., Pljnnouth co., Mass. : 42 m. S. 3. E. 
Boston. 

East WAsniNGTON, p. v., Sullivan co., K Hiimp. : 27 m. 
E. by S. Concord. 

East Waterford. p. t., Juniata co., Penn. : onTuscarora 
cr., 47 m. W. Harrisburg. 

East Weare, p. v.. Hillsborough co., JV. ITainp. : on the 
S. side of Piscataquay r., and on the line of the New Hamp- 
shire Central K. R.,14 m. S. W. Concord, and 16 m. from 
Manchester. 

East Westmoreland, p. v., Cheshire co., N". Uamp. : on 
the line of the Cheshire R. R., 4'J m. W. S. W. Concord, 51 
m. from Fitchburg, and 14 m. from Bellow's Falls. 

East Westville, p. v., Mahoning co., Ohio : 137 m. 
N. E. Columbus. 

East Weymouth, p. v., Norfolk county, Mass. : on the 
S. shore of Massachusetts Bay, 11 m. S. by E. Boston. The 
South Shore R. R. passes through the village, 7 m, from 
Cohasset. and 15 m. from Braintree. 

East WnATELY. p. v.. Franklin co., Mass. ; on the W. side 
of Connecticut r., 81 m. W. by N. Uoston. 

East Wilton, p. v., Franklin county, Me. : 27 m. N. W. 
Augusta. 

East Wilton, p. v., Hillsborough co.. K. TTamp. : 27 ra. 
S. S.W. Concord. The Nashua and Wilton It. E. terminates 
here, 15 m. from Nashville. 

East Windham, p. v., Greene county, A'l n : 33 m. 
8. W. by S. Albany. 

East Windsor, t. and p. v., Hartford co., Conn. : on the 
E. side of Connecticut r.,11 m. N. N, E. Hartford. Drained 
by Scantic r. and other streams, wliich furnish fine mill- 
power. Surface level, and soil sandy or gravelly loam. 



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The V. is 1 m. back from Ihc Connecticut r.. and is chiefly 
on one long street running parallel with the river. Here is 
located the Theological Institute of Connecticut, founile<l 
1S34. In 185" it had 3 professors and 17 students, and a 
library of 5,000 volumes, and the number of ita alumni 
counted 151. It has a farm and workshop for manual 
labor. The town has a goodly number of manufacturing 
and mechanical pursuits, and a population of 2,633 inhatn 
itants. 

East 'WrNTieoa Hill, p. o., Ilartlhrd cc, Owi«. ; 15 m. 
N. N. E. Hartford. 

East Wlntueop, p. v., Kennebec co., Me. : 6 m. W, 
Augusta. 

East "Woeukn, p. v., Middlesex co., Mast:. : 9 m. N. N.W. 
Boston. 

East Woolwich, p. v., Lincoln county, Me, : 29 nu 8. 
Augusta. 

East "Worckstbe, p. v., Otsego county, 2r. Y. : A6 m. W. 
Albany. Pop. about 200. 

Eatos county, 3lich. Situate toward the 8. centrally, 
and contains 576 sq. m. Drained in the N. and E. by Grand 
r. and its tributaries: in the middle and west by Big Fork 
of Thomapple r. ; and in the S. W. by Battle cr. of Kala- 
mazoo r. Surface uneven, and many of the streams are in- 
terrupted by falls and rapids, which make good mill-sites. 
The soils are everywhere fertile, and produce the best of 
wheat; and in many parts there are extensive forests. 
Farms 746; manuf. 48; dwell. 1,32S, and pop.— wh. 7,U55, 
fr. col. 3— total 7,05S. Capital: Charlotte. 

Eaton, t, and p. o., Eaton co., Jlic/i. : 16 m. 9. "W. Lan- 
sing. Drained by Battle cr. and the head waters of Tlmm- 
apple r. Population 539. Charlotte, is located in this town. 

Eaton, t. and p. o., Carroll co., 2^. ITatnp. : 51 m. N. E. 
Concord. Surface diversified. Soils middlingly fertile, and 
in the plains there is abundance of pine timber. Iron ore 
is found here. There are several large ponds in tlie town, 
some of which empty through Pigwacket r. into Swill r. on 
the N., and a larger one on the S. flows into Ossipee Lake. 
It is a purely agricultural region. Pop. 1,751. 

Eaton, t. and p. v., Madison co., N. Y. : 94 m. W. by N. 
Albany. Drained by the head streams of Chenango r. Sur- 
face rolling. Soil gravelly loam and clay, very fertile, pro- 
ducing the grains and grasses abundantly. The t. contains 
the CO. seat, Morrisville, and also the v. and p. o. of Eaton, 
which lies to the S. of the t. on the W. side of tho river. It 
has several factories and mills, and a population of abopt 
500 inhabitants. Pop. of town 3,044. 

Eaton, p. v., and cap. Preble co., Ohio: on the E. side 
of St. Clair's or Seven Mile cr., which here has a fall of 20 
feet in 80 rods, affording great water-power. It contains a 
court-house and other co. offices, several handsome church- 
es, a considerable number of manufacturing establishments, 
stores, and warehouses, and has an extensive inland com- 
merce. Its population numbers about 1,'3; 2 souls. Two 
newspapers, the " E. Register" (whig), and the "E. Demo- 
crat" are published weekly. The Cincinnati, Hamilton, and 
Eaton R. K., connecting ultimately with the Indiana Central 
R. R. at Richmond, intersects the v., and makes it an im- 
portant station on one of the most important roads of the 
State. 

Eaton, t. and p. o., Wyoming co., PeJin. : 96 ra. N. E. 
Harrisburg. Drained by Bowman's and other creeks of 
Susquehanna r., which makes its E. and N. E. boundaries. 
Surface mountainous. The " Knob," an eminence on the 
Susquehanna, rises 1,150 feet above its surface. The soils 
aro of average fertihty, and productive of grasses and grain. 
Pop. about 1,100. 

Eaton, p. v., Gibson co., Tenn. : on the N. fork of Forked 
Deer or., 128 m. W. by 9. Nashville. 

Eaton, p. v.. Cedar co., Jfo. ; 108 m. S.W. Jefferson City. 

Eaton Centhe, p. o., Carroll co, K JTamp. : 54 m. N. E. 
Concord. 

Eaton E>.jn)3, t and p. v., Eaton county Mieh. : 12 m. 



S. S. W. Lansing. Drained by Grand r. The v. is located 
at the rapids, called as above, and is a flourishing settle- 
ment, A newspaper, the "Eaton Democrat," is published 
weekly. Pop. oft. 1,525. 

Eatonton, p. v., and cap. Putnam co., Ga. : to the E. of 
Little r., a branch of the Oconee r., 24 m. N. by W. Milledge- 
ville. It contains a court-house, and other co. offices, and 
about 600 inhabitants. The Eatonton P.. K. to Milledge- 
ville, when completed, will connect the v. with the Georgia 
and South Carolina R. R., and thus open up an avenue to 
the sea-board fur an extensive agricultural country. 

Eatontown, p. v., Monmouth co., 2^. Jfr. : on a branch 
of Swimming r., 36 m. E. Trenton. It contains about 45 
dwellings. The vicinity is a pleasant and fertile country, 
and has a commanding view of the Atlantic, 4 or 5 m. to the 
eastward. 

Eatonville, p. v., Herkimer co., K. Y. : ^ m.W. N.W. 
Albany. 

Eao Pleine, p. o.. Portage co., Wise, : lOS m. N. by W 
Madison. 

Ebi:nf,zer, p. v., Morgan county, (?(/. ; 37 m. N. N. W. 
Milledgeville. 

EuENEZEE, p. 0., Holmes county. Miss. : 53 m. N. by E. 
Jackson. 

Ebenezeb, p. T., Fayette co., Tenn. : 159 m. W. S. W. 
Nashville. 

Edesezektille, p. v., York district, S. Car. : 76 m. N. 
Columbia. 

EBENSBUEGn, p. b., and cap. Cambria co., Penn.: 103 
m. W.by N. Harrisburg. It has a commanding site on tho 
Alleghany Mountains, and contains a brick court-house and 
county offices, several stores, and about 600 inhabitants. 

EcKFORD, t. and p. v., Calhoun co., Mich. : 3S m. S. S.W. 
Lansing. The v. is on Beaver cr., a branch of Kalamazoo 
r., which is the principal drain of the township. 

Eckmansville, p. v., Adams co., Ohio: 76 m. S. by W. 
Columbus. 

Economy, p. v., Wajme co., Ind. : on the E. side of Mar- 
tindale's fork of the E. branch of White Water r., 57 m. 
E. by N. Indianapolis. Pop. 400. 

Economy, t. and p. v., Beaver co., Penn. : 1S2 m.W. by N. 
Harrisburg. It lies on the right bank of the Ohio r., and on 
the line of the Ohio and Pennsylvania E. P., 17 m. below 
Pittsburg. The v. is laid out on two streets parallel to the 
r., with others crossing at right angles. This settlement 
was made by George Eapp,a German, who with a number 
of his countr>"nien of the religious order of Harmonists, first 
sttUed in Butler co., Penn. ; from thence they all removed 
to tho Wabash, and built the village of New Harmony. At 
that time they numbered about SOO. New Harmony was 
purchased in ISl 4 by Robert Owen, tho Scotch Socialist, and 
Rajip and his followers estabUshed themselves at Economy. 
In 1832 a nurabor of them seceded and joined Count Leon, 
who claimed to be a special messenger sent from heaven to 
establish a Zion in the West. They settled at Phillipsburg, 
opposite Beaver, but the society soon ceased to exist. The 
Harmonists hold their properly in common. They have a 
good number of mills here, and are noted for their industry 
and sobriety. The population of Economy is about 1,400. 
Eapp died in 1S47. 

EcoRCE, t. and p. o., Wayne co., Midi. : 76 m. E. S. E. 
Lansing. Drained by the Riviere Aux Ecorces, an affluent 
of Detroit Strait, which makes the E. border of the t. P. (153, 

Edpington, t. and p. v., Penobscot co.. Me. : 6 m. N. E. 
Bangor, and 71 m. E. N. E. Augusta. The v. is pleasantly 
located on the E. side of Penobscot r., and has considerable 
trading fticilities. Pop. oft. 6^6. 

Eddyville, p. v., Wapello co., U. : on the left bank of 
Dcs Moines r., opposite the mouth of Gray's cr., 61 m. S.W. 
Iowa City. 

EnnYviLLE, p. v., Cattaraugus county, i^ Y. : 252 m. 
W. by S. Albany. 

Eddyville, p. v., and cap. Caldwell co., Ky. : on tbe 

195 



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E. Bide of Cumberland r., 192 m. W. S.W. Frankforl. It Is 
a thriving village of about 600 inhabitants, and has consid- 
erable trade. Princeton, 1* m. lo the E., was the former 
county seat. 

Eddington, p. v., Kock Island CO., III. : to the N. of 
Copperas cr., 124 m. N. W. by N. Springfield. 
EDE.V, p. v., Bryan co., Ga. .• 148 m. E. S. E. Milledgcville. 
EDE.V. p. v., Hancock county, Ind. : on Sugar cr., 24 m. 
E. N. E. Indianapolis. 

Ede.v, t. and p. o., Hancock co., Me. : occupying the N. E. 
part of Mount Desert Island, T8 ra. E. Augusta. Surtocc 
uneven. Soil fertile. It is washed on three sides by 
rrenchman'8 Bay and Mount Desert Sound, the latter of 
which separates it from the main. Several small islands off 
the coast in Frenchman's Bay belong to this town. With 
many fine harbors, it has comparatively extensive coasting 
trade, and great advantages for the shore fisheries, in w hieh 
many of the inhabitants are engaged. It is noted, also, for 
its large crops of cranberries, amounting in some years to 
1,0110 bushels. Pop. 1,1 ;7. 
Eden, p. v., Ingham co., ilii^h. 

Edem, t and p. v., Erie co., K. T. : 2G5 m. W. Albany. 
Drained by Cauquaga and Big Two Sisters' creeks, whieii 
flow to Lake Erie. Surface undulating; soil, a gravelly 
loam and clay. The v. is on the S. side of Cauquaga er., 
about-14 m. S. Buffalo. Pop. of t. 2,494. 

Eden, t and p. o.. Fond du Lac CO., Wise. : 04 m. N. E. 
Madison. Drained by the head branches of Milwaukie r., 
which rise in this town, and also by streams falling into 
Winnebago Lake. Pop. 840 

Eden, p. v., Trumbull co., O/iio : 13T m. N. E. Columbus. 
Located on a cr. of the W. branch of Mahoning r., about 6 
m. S. W. of Warren, the co. scat. 
Eden, p. o., P.andolph co., Jf. Car. : T3 m.W. Raleigh. 
Edex, p. o., Laurens dist., S. Car. : 81 m. N. W. Columbia. 
Eden. p. v.,M'Kean Co., Penn. : 101 m. N.W. Ilarrisburg. 
Eden, t. and p. v., Lamoille co., Venn. : 31 m. N. by K. 
Monlpelier. Drained by Greene r. and Wild Branch of 
Lamoille r. Surface mounlainous, rocky, and cold, but good 
for grazing, and produces fine cattle and sheep. The v. is 
pleasantly located near the centre. This t. was granted 
to " Colonel Seth Warner and his associates, our worthy 
friends, the officers and soldiiTS of his regiment, in the line 
of the Continental Army," 28th August, 1781. Pop. 66S. 
Edenburg, p.v., Cameron co., 7'«p. ; 298 m. 9. Austin City. 
Edenbueg, p. v., Shenandoah Co., Virg. : 112 m. N. W. 
Kichmond. 
Edenfield, p. v., Irwin co., Ga. : 119 m. S. Milled<;evillc. 
Eden's Eidge, p. o., Sullivan CO., Tenn. : 240 m. E. by N. 
Nashville. 

Edenton, p. v., Clermont co., Ohio : 89 m. S. W. by 8. 
Columbus. 

Edenton, p. v., and cap. Chowan co., A^ Car. : near the 
moulh of Chowan r., at tlio head of Edenton Bay, which 
sets up from Albemarle Sounil, 12:; m. E. N. E. lialcigli. 
It contains the co. offices, and has about 400 inhabitants. 
Considerable shipping is owned in the v., and a newspaper, 
the " Albemarle Bulletin" (whig), is published weekly. 

Edenton, p. v., St. Lawrence CO., K Y. : 146 m. N. W. 
Albany. 
Eden Tallev, p. o., Erie co., K Y. : 26T m. W. Albany. 
Edentille, p. T., Orange co., K Y. : 96 m. 8. S. W. 
Albany. 

Edgae county. III. Situate E. middle, and contains 642 
Bq. m. Drained by Big. Bndette's, and Cedar creeks, and 
Embarras r., all tributaries of the Wabash. Surface chiefly 
level orundulating; prairie interspersed with timber. Soils 
generally fertile, producing Indian corn, oats, wheat, etc. 
Farms 1.175 ; manuf. 88 ; dwell. 1,702, and pop.— wh. 10,641, 
fr. col. 51— total 10,092. CapiUil: Paris. Public Wori:t : 
Mississippi and Atlantic K. K. 

Ei.GAB, p. v., St. John Baptist par. La.: 49 m. 8. E. 
Baton Kongo. 
196 



EM 

Edgartows, L, p. v., port of entry, and cap. Dukes CO., 
J/<MS. •■ on the E. portion of Martha's Vineyard, 73 m. 
S. by E. Boston. It includes also the fertile island of Chappe- 
quiddick, 5 m. long and 2] m. wi.le, on the S. E., on which 
are a remn.ant of the Indian tribe of the same name. Sur- 
face mo.itly level ; soils sandy, but of average fertility. The 
T. Oat. 41° 25' N., and long. 70° 'iV W.) is situate on the W. 
Bide of the harbor, and contains a C. II. and other county 
offices. A newspaper, the " Vineyard Gazette" (indep.), is 
|)ublishcd weekly. The harbor is safe and accessible, and 
has a large interest in the whale fisheries and coasting 
trade. In the foreign trade, in 1S49-50, five vessels (1,223 
tons) were clcarcfl, and seventy-two vessels (18,286 tons) 
were entered. The shipping owned in the collection dis- 
trict was 7,609 tons, of which 5,4114 tons were registered, 
and of this 2,419 tons were employed in the whale fisheries ; 
1,950 tons were enrolled and licensed, and 139 tons were 
licensed (under 20 tons) ; of the enrolled and licensed ship- 
ping, 743 tons were employed in the coasting trade, 953 in 
the cod fisheries, and 210 tons in tlie mackerel fisheries. The 
district of Eiigarlown comprises all of Martha's Vineyard 
and adjoining islands. Pop. 1,990. 

EixiEcoMuE county. A'. Car. Situate E. centrally, and 
contains 492 sq. m. Drained by Tar r. and its tributaries; 
Fisliing cr. forms its N. and jiart of the E. border, and Tar 
r. the remainder to the E. line. Surface level. Soil mod- 
erately fertile, adapted to cotton, and producing abundance 
of Indian corn, oals, wheat, etc. Timber abundant, and is 
exported. Farms 737; manuf. 14; dwell. 1,649, and poj). 
— wh. 8,866, fr. col. 277, si. 8,547— total 17,1 S9. Capital: 
Tarboro'. PtiUic Works : Weldon and Wilmington E. li. 
EnoECOMB, t. and p. v., Lincoln co.. Me. : 29 m. S. S. E. 
Augusta. The 1. is situate between Damariscotta r. on the 
E. and Sheepscot r. on the W., being drained by their afflu- 
ents. It has considerable shipping employed in the coast- 
ing trade and fisheries ; and ship-budding is here a consider- 
able interest. Pop. 1,423. 

Edgefield district, & Car. Situate toward the S. W., 
and contains 1,630 sq. m. Drained chiefly by tributaries 
of Savannah r., which makes its S. W. line, and of Saluda 
r., which washes its N. E. border. The head waters of 
South Edisto r. are also within the district. Surface mod- 
erately uneven. Soil not very fertile, but well adapted to 
cotton, corn, etc. It has also numerous productive eslab- 
lishments. Farms 2,030 ; manuf. 197 ; dwell. 3,019, and 
pup.— wh. 16,275, fr. col. 262, si. 22,72&-total 89,262. Cap- 
ital: Edgefield Court-house. PuMic Works: South Caro- 
lina K. K. 

Edgefield C. II.. p. v., and cap. Edgefield (list., S. Car. ; 
M m. W. by S. Columbia. It contains a C. II. and other 
district offices, and about 1,200 iidiabitanls. A newspaper, 
the '• E. Advertiser" (dem.), is published weekly. 
Edgefield, p. v.. Pike co., Aki. : 45 m. S. E. Montgomery. 
Edge Hill, p. o.. King George CO., Virff.:5ini. N.N.E. 
Richmond. 

Edge Hill, p. o., Montgomery CO., Penn.: 84 m. E. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Edgemont. t. and p. o., Delaware Co., Peiiti.: 87 m. 
E. S. E. Ilarrisburg. Drained by Ridley's er. of Delaware 
r. It is a fine agricultural town, and contains about SUO 
inhabitants. 

Edina, p. v., Scotland co.. Mo. : on S. Faliius r., 123 m. 
N. by E. Jefl'erson City. 

Edinborolgii, p. b., Erie Co., Penn.: 2t>7 m. N.W. 
Ilarrisburg. Pop. 600. 

Edinburgh, p. v., Garrard county, Ky.: 52 m. S. E. 
Frankfort 

Edi.nbuegh, p. v., Johnson co., Ind. : on tlic E. side of 
theE. branch of White r., about 2 m. above the confluence 
of Sugar r., and at tlie point wliere tlie Madison and In- 
dianapolis E. K. crosses Iliat .stream, antl the ShelbyviUe 
Lateral Branch E. E. conmels witli it. 3ii ra. S. S. E. Indian- 
apolis. It is a flourisliing and important village, having 



EDI 



EGG 



pxtensive water-power, ami bcini; located in liie midst of a 
fine agricultural region. It was first settli-tl in 1^21. but 
until the completion of the Madison R. K. was of slow 
growth. It has now about 700 inhabitants. 

EpiNBtTKcn, t. and p. o., Penobacot co., Me. : 83 m. N. E. 
Augusta. Drained by afflrents of Penotiseol r., which 
makes its E. boundary. The t is entirely agricultural and 
but sparsely settled. Top. 93. 

Edisbdkgd, p. v., Hilladale co.. Mich. : G3 m. S. by E. 
Lansing, 

EDiNBtTBGH, p. V., Lcake CO., Mm. : on the N. side of 
Pearl r., 5S m. N. E. Jackson. 

Edinburgh, t, and p. o., Saratoga co., 2r. Y. : 8S m. 
N. by W. Albany. Drained by Sacondaga r. ; surface in 
the E. mountain, and in the VT. undulating. The river 
valley or flats of the Saeondaga is extensive, and its soil 
rich alluvion. The v. is located on the left side of the r., 
and contains about 200 inhabitants. Fop. of I. 1,0S6. 

Edinburgh, t. and p. v., Portage co., Ohio: 127 ra. N. E. 
Columbus. Drained by one of liie head etreams of the W- 
branch of Mahoning r. Surface varied, and soils generally 
fertile, well adapted for grain growing. The v. is pleasantly 
located in the centre of the t., 6 m. S. E. Eavenna, and 
contains about 200 inhabitants. The t. has good water- 
power, etc. Pop. 1,101. 

Edinbukgh, p. v., Lawrence co., Pejin. ;200 m.W.X.W. 
Harrisburg. 

Edisbcrgh, p. v., Mercer co., X. Jet'. 

Edinburgh Centre, p. c, Saratoga co., X.T. : 87 m. 
N. by W. Albany. 

Edisto, p. v., Lexington dist., S. Car. : on North Edisto r., 
31 m. S. Columbia. 

Edisto Mills, p. 0., Edgefield dist., »?. Car.: on South 
Edisto r., 53 m. W. by S. Columbia. 

Edisto river, S. Car. : has its rise in Edgefield district, 
in two main constituent rivers, the North and the South 
Eriisto, which meet a little W. of Branchville. whence the 
course of the r. is E. and S. E. to the Atlantic Ocean, which 
it enters by two channels forming Edisto Island, about 12 
ra. long and from 1 to 5 m. wide. The Edisto is navigable 
for large boats for 100 miles. 

Edmeston, t. and p. t., Otsego co., 2^. Y. : 74 m. W. 
Albany. Drained by creeks of Tnadilla r., which makes 
its W. border. Surface somewhat hilly; soil, sandy loam. 
The V. on the right side of Oberton's cr. contains about SO 
inhabitants, and the t. about 1.SS5 inhabitants. 

Edmondson county, A'y. Situate AV. centrally, and con- 
tains 2S0 sq. m. Drained by tributaries of Green r., which 
passes through it from E. to "W. There are several springs 
in the co., of which Dripping Spring is the most curious and 
best known. Surface diversified. Soils of average fertility, 
producing all the grains abundantly, and tobacco, hemp, 
etc. Farms 507 ; manuf. 4 ; dwell. 651 , and pop.— wh. 3,753, 
fr. col.l0,sl.525— totaU,OSS. Capital: Brownsville. Fub- 
Uc Work^: Nashville and Louisville K. K. 

Edmonton, p. v., Barren county, A'y. .• 93 m. S. 8. W. 
Frankfort, 

Edmund's, p. 0., Brunswick co., Virg. : 57 m. S. by W. 
Richmond. 

Ednetyille, p. v., Henderson county, X. Car. : 212 m. 
"W. by S. Kaleigh. 

Edrat, p. v., Pocohontas co., Virg, : 14G m. "W. by N. 
Eichmnnd. 

Edsat.t.ville, p. v., Bradford co., Penn.: 112 m. N. 
Harrisburg. 

Edwards county, III. Situate toward S. E., and contains 
216 sq. m. Drained by Little Wabash r. and Bonpas cr. 
of Wabash r., the latter of which forms its E. boundarj-. 
The surface is level, mostly prairie, with well-wooded bot- 
toms, and occasional groves of beautiful timber. Grain- 
growing is the chief business, but there are several mills, 
tanneries, etc. Farms 329; manuf. 7; dwell. 595. and pop. 
— wh. 3 490, fr. eoL 34— total 3,524. CaxAtal : Albion- 



Edwards, t. and p. o.. Si. Lawrence co., X. Y. : 144 m. 
N. W. Albany. Drained by Oswegatchie r. Surface un 
even; soil, clayey loam. The grazing is excellent. The t 
contains iron ore, and has several factories and mills. Pop, 
1,023. 

EDWARDsnuncH, p. v., Cass co,, 3Iich. : 9S m. 9. "W. 
Lansing. Situate on Beardsley's Lake and at the S. E. 
corner of Beardsley's Prairie. The site is pleaAint and the 
T, is prosperous and increasing, 

Edward's DkiGt. p. o.. Hinds co., 3{lss. : on the line of 
the Vicksburg, Jackson, and Brandon E. R., 2^ m, W. 
Jackson. 

Edward's Port, p. v., Knox co., Ind. : on the right bank 
of the W. fnrk of White r., IS m. N. E. Yincennes and 87 
m. S. W. Indianapolis. 

Edwardsvii.lf. p. v., and cap. Madison co.. III. : on the 
E. bank of the Cahokia r., 71 m. S. by W. Springfield. It 
contains the usual county buildings, several stores and fac- 
tnries, and about 400 inhabitants. It is located in an ele- 
vated and jileasant section and in the midst of a highly 
flourishing country. A newspaper, the " Madison Record," 
is pulMshed weekly. 

Edwardsvili.e. p. v., St. Lawrence co., X. Y. : on the 
right side of Oswegatchie r.. 147 ra. N. W. Albany. 

Edwardsvili.e, p. v., Warren co., Ohio: in the S. E. of 
the county, 71 m. 8. W. Columbus. 

Eel River, p. o., Allen co., Ijtd. : on the r. ao called, 104 
m. N. E. by N. Indianapolis. Eel r. (Shfl-a-37ial'e, or '"slip- 
pery fish'') rises in the N. W. comer of Allen co. and runs 
luO m. S. W. to Logansport, where it empties into the 
Wabash. Its course is rapid, its volume regular, and, for 
at least 60 m., ils average width is 150 to ISO feet. As a 
mill stream it is scarcely surpassed in the West. 

Eel river, Iml. : a branch of White r., emptying into it 
at Point Commerce, It rises in Boone co., and runs first 
S. W. and then S, E. through Hendricks, Putnam, Clay, 
and Owen counties. It is 60 m. long and about lOO feet 
wide, and affords good mill sites. 

Eel river, Calf/. : rises on the S. line of Trinity co. by 
several head streams, and in a course N. W. fiows to the 
Pacific Ocean, which it enters a little S. of Humboldt Har- 
bor. It is a small stream. 

Effingham county, Ga. Situate S. E., and contains 396 
sq. m. It lies between Savannah r. and Ogeechee r., and 
is drained by creeks running to both. Surface level, and 
the soils very fertile. The staples are cotton, rice, and 
Indian com, with some sugar, etc. Farms 30S ; manuf. ; 
dwell. 3.^5, and pop.— wh. 2,009, fr. col. 7, si. 1,S4S— total 
3,S&4. Cajfitat: Springfield. PvhlieWor^:Ji: Central R. R. 

Effingham county. III. Situate S. E. centrally, and con- 
tains 522 sq. m. Drained Chiefly by Little Wabash r. and 
its branches — in the W. by streams flowing to the Kaskaskia 
r. Surface gently undulating — chiefly prairie, but with 
abundance of timber. Soils fertile, but on the streams 
liable to floodings. Farms 391; manuf. 0; dwell. 712, and 
pop.— wh. 3,792, fr. col. 7— total 3.799. Capital: Ewing- 
ton. Public Works: Mississippi and Atlantic E. R.; Na- 
tional Road, etc, 

Effingham, t and p. 0., Carroll co., X. Ilamp. : 41 m. 
N. E. Concord. Drained by affluents of Ossipce lake and 
river; surface hilly. It is a fine grazing countrj', and has 
several tanneries and saw-mills. Pop. 1,252, 

Effingham, p. v., Darlington dist., S. Car.: on the N. 
side of Lynch's cr. of Great Peedee r., 71 ra. E. by N. 
Columbia. 

Effingham Falls, p. v., Carroll co., X. Uamp. : 44 m. 
N. E, Concord. 

Effort, p. v., Monroe CO., Perm. : 93 m. N. E. TIarrishnrg. 

Efird's Mills, p. 0., Stanly co., X. Car. : 89 m. W. S.W. 
Raleigh. 

Ego Harbor, Great, river and hay, X. Jer. : the r. rises 
in Gloucester co. and flows 45 m. into Great Kgg Harbor 
Bay, which is about 5 m. long and fVom 1 to 4 m. broad. 

197 



EGO 



ELI 



Tlio r. is navigiihic for slimps ovtr 25 in. above May's Land- 
ing, below which it flows lliroutrh a niarBli. 

Eoo }Iarbor, Limjt, river and bay, N. Jer. : Ihe r. rises 
In Burlinjrton and Gloueesler counties and flows to the bay. 
It is navigable Tor <K, in., and is approailied through New 
Inlet, whieh has a depth of waliir of from l.j to IS feeL 
KaviT, p. v., Monroe oo., N. Y. : lia m. W. by N. Albany. 
EoYiT, p. 0., Efllnghain aounly, tfa. ; ia3 m. E. 8. E. 
Milledgeville. 

Euvi-T, p. 0., Kayetle county, Tmn.: IM m. W. S. W. 
Nashville. 

EuYi'T, p. o., Colorado •aunty, T«c.: 118 m. K. S. E. 
Austin City. 
Egypt, p. a, Monroe oo., Tirf/.: 178 m. W. Uichmond. 
Elamstilui, p. T., Patrick «o., Virg.: 18'J ni. W. S. \V. 
Kichmoiid. 
Ei.ui, p. v., Washtenaw oo., J/jV7i. .• M m. S. E. Ijinsinjf. 
Ei.iiA, t. and p. T., Dodge county, WiK. : 23 m. N. E. 
Madison. Pop. l.-MS. 

Elba, t. and p. r., Oeneico co., JV. K .• 322 ra. W. Albany. 
Drained by Oak Orchard cr. Surface undulating: soil^ 
sandy and gravelly loam. The r. is on tlic left bank of the 
creek. Pop. of I. 1,772. 

Ei.nijKT county, Ga. Situate N. E., and contains 500 sq. 
m. It has Savannah r. on the E., Broad r. on Ihe 8., and 
Light-wood cr. on the N., the two latter being affluenis of 
the lirsl. Drained by numerous creeks flowing to the 
Savannah. Surface hilly. SoU a productive red loam in 
the 8. Staples— cotton, wheal, In.lian corn, and other 
grains. F.arms RiH; mamif. 20; dwell. 1.177, and pop _ 
wb. 6,C76, fr. col. 10, si. C,2C7-totaI 12,059. Cuintal: El- 
berton. 

Elbebtos, p. v., and cap. Elbert co., Ga. : 7.'5 m. N. by E. 
Milledgeville. It conlaius the county buddings, ii church] 
several stores, anil about 2011 inhabitants. 

Elbriuok, p. v., EdKiir co., III.: m the S. E. corner of 
the county, between Clear and Big creekii of "Wabash r 
110 m. E. by S. Springfleld. '' 

Ei.BEinui!, t. anil p. v., Ononrlaga co., K y.: 135 m. 
W. byN. Albany. Draineil by the outlet of Skaneatelcs 
Lake. Surface moderately uneven, and soils fertile. The 
Erie Canal passes through the >f. jiart of the t. and the 
Eochesler and Syracuse P.. P.. through ils S. jiart. It con- 
tains several factories, a largo number of fino mills and 
«tores, and about 8,9'ii inhabitants. 
Ei, Daka, p. o.. Pike eo.. III. : 78 m. W. by S. Springfleld 
Ei.nERsnuBO.i, p. v., Howard CO., Md. : on tlie \f. side 
of Cat-tail branch of Patuxent r., 31 in. N. W. Annapolis. 
Eldersvillk, p. v., Washington co., ram. ; 1!)2 m. W 
Harrisburg. 

Ei.DERToN, p. T., Armstrong co., Venn. : on Plumb er 
183 m. W. N. W. Harrisburg. 

El Doraoo county. Call/. Situate E. midillc, and con- 
tains ],600 sq. m. Drained by Mi<ldlo and S. f.,rk» of 
American r., and by Cosumnes r. and the N. fork of Moke- 
lumne r. The E. part of the co. lies on the slojic of the 
Sierra Nevada, au,l is a rough, volcanic region. In this 
part of the co. is Fremont's I.aki', the: source of the S fork 
of American r. ; it is 13 m, long and C in. wide, The W. 
part of the co. is a fino agricultural counlry. The wholj 
CO. is rich in gold, and it was at Sutler's Mill, a Utile W of 
Culloma, the CO. seat, that gold was first discovered. Farms 
COO; manuf. 00; .Iwell. 000, and pop.-wh. 0,000, ft-, col. 
—total 0,000. Capi'fAil: Culloma. 

Ei. DoBADO, p. T., and cap. Union eo., Arl: .- in the 
midst of a flne elevated prairie, about S m. 8. of Wnahila r 
and 128 m. 8. by E. Little ttock. It is a considerable place, 
and has a newspaper, " El I). Union" (whig), issued weekly. 
ICi. DoBAUo, p. T., Clark co., Mo. : on the E. side of North 
Wyaconda r., 129 m. N. Jefllirson City. 

Ei, Dorado, p. o., Culpepper co., Virg. : 73 m. N. N.TV. 
Eichinond. 
El Dorado, t. and p. o.. Fond du Lac co.. Wise. : 67 m. 
193 



N. E. by N. Madison. The v. lies about 8 m. N. W. of 
Fond du Lac. 

ELOEEn, ],. o., Wayne county, J'env. : 123 in. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Eldueoville, p. v., Sullivan counly, Penn.: 8fl m. N. 
Harrisburg. 

Eldriooe, p. v., Walker counly, Ala. : 188 m. N. W. 
Montgomery. 

Elevation, p. o., Johnson co., N. Car. : 81 m. E. by S. 
Ealeigh. 

Ei/jiN, p. v., Kane co., III. : on tho W. side of Pox r., lOS 
m. N. N. E. SpringfleW. The Galena and Chicago Union 
E. P.. passes through the v., 42 m. irom Chicago. It is a 
place of considerable business, and has several mills, stores, 
etc., and about 700 inhabitants. 

Eloim, p. v., Cattaraugus co., JV. Y.: 233 m. W. by B. 
Albany. 

Elida, p. v., Winnebago co.. III. : on the S. line of tho 
CO., on a cr. of Eock r., 170 m. N. by E. Springfleld. 

ELTiAii's Cbbkk, p. 0., Boone co., Ay. ; M m. N. by E. 
Frankfort. 

F.Li.MBeoBT, p. v., Lycoming Co., Poim. : C9 m. N. by W 
Harrisburg. 

Eliza, p. o., Mercer co.. III.: 4 m. E. of the Mississippi 
and 126 N. W. Springfleld. 

Elizaueiii, p. v., and cap. Jackson co., Arl: : 84 m. N. E. 
Little Kock. Situate on the lea bank of While r., a liltlo 
below the confluence of Big Black r., and at the bead of 
steamboat navigation. It is well located for commerce, hav- 
ing a splendid agricultural vicinage. 

Elizabeth, p. v., Jo Daviess CO., lU. : on the E. side of 
Ajiplc r., a tributary of tho Mississippi, 179 m. N. by W. 
Springfleld. 

Elizabeth, p. v., Harrison Co., Ind. : on the S. fork of 
Buck cr., 4 m. from the Ohio r., and 112 m.S. byE. Indian- 
apoILs. It contains about 200 inhabitants. 

KLizABETu.l.and p. v., Lawrence Co., Ohio: 97m.S.S.E. 
Columbus. It is one of the first iron regions in the State, 
and has numerous furnaces in active operation. The Iron 
K. K. passes through tho town from Ironton, on tho Ohio, 
to a junction with the Scioto Valley E. E. 

Elizabeth, t and p. v., Alleghany CO., Pmn.: between 
the Monongahela and Youghioghcny rivers, 162 m. W. 
Harrisburg. Surface hilly ; coal abundant. The v. lies on 
the E. bank of Monongahela r., and by means of shurk- 
water navigation, is reached by vessels of considerable 
burden, and many are built here. There are several facto- 
ries and mills in Elizabeth, and a population of about 4,000. 
Elizabeth cape, J/tf. ; a celebrated headland, forming tho 
western limius of Casco Bay. Near the point of the ea|« is 
a light-house, 50 feet high, in lat. 43° 83' N., and loug. 

looirw. 

Elizabeth Citt county, Virg. Situate E., and conlains 
M sq. m. It lies at the confluence of .lames r. with Cliesa- 
|>cake Bay, opposite to Cape Charles, and having Hampton 
lioads on ils 8. border. It is one of the eight original coun- 
ties into which Virginia was divided in 1C34. The surface 
is level, and tho soils generally fertile. Farms 178 ; manuf. 
12 : dwell. 450, and pop.— wh. 2,841, fr. eol. 97, si. 2,14S— 
total 4,5^6. CnpiUil: Hampton. 

Elizabeth City, p.T.,and cap. Pasquotank co.,A': Car.: 
on I'asquolank r., 20 m. above ils eonflucnco with Albe- 
marle Sound, and 173 m. E. by N. Ealeigh. Vessels draw- 
ing 7 Itet water, eomo up to this place, and it \\m a eonimu- 
nicarion with Hampton Roails through the Dismal Swamp 
Camd, a distance of about f(l m. It contains the eo. ofllees, 
seviTal mercantile and trading houses, and about 800 in- 
habitants. Its exports are staves, pine lumber, shingles, 
etc., chiefly to the West Indies. Three newspapers aro 
publisheil in the village, viz., the " Old North State" (whig), 
and the " Democratic Pioneer," issued weekly, and tho 
" Baptist Messenger," issued soini-monthly. 
Elizabeth islands, Duko co., Mma. : thcso islunda Ho 



ELI 



ELK 



bclwt'Cii Buzzard's Bay and Vineyard Sound, iind :iri; 16 in 
number. The largest, Nashawa and Naslmwt'iiiia, :ire in- 
habited. Gosnold, the discoverer of Capo Cud, wiutered in 
one of these islands in 1C02-3. 

Elizabeth Pokt, p. v., Essex co., K. Jcr. : on Slaten 
Island Sound, near its junction witlt Newark Bay, 39 m. 
N. E. Trenton. It contains several manufaeturin^ eBtab- 
lishnients, and al)out 140 dwellings, and is llic E. terminus 
of the New Jersey Central B. K., connectinE; witli New York 
City by a steamboat route of 14 m. The distance to Easton, 
J'etiu., is 64 m. 

Emzaketh river, Virg : rises in Princess Ann and Nor- 
folk counties, and flows N. W. 2r) m. into a lar<;»! estuary at 
the mouth of James reforming a line harbor at Norfolk. In 
conjunction with the l>ismal Swamp Canal and l'as(iuotank 
r., it forms a communication between Chesapeake Bay and 
Albemarle Sound. 

EuzAURTn Town, p. v., and cap. Carter co., Timn. : on 
the S. bank of Watauga r, a constituent of Ilolston, 257 
m. E. Nashville. It contains a court-house and other co. 
offices, and has several stores and about 200 inhabitants. In 
the vicinity there are several largo iron-works. 

Ei.izABExn Town, p. v., and cap. Hardin co., III. : on 
the N. bank of the Ohio r., at the foot of Hurricane Island, 
189 ra. S. S. E. Springfield. It contains the co. buildings, 
several stores, and 400 inhabitants. A short distance inland 
there are some iron furnaces. 

EuzABETU Town, p. v., Bartholomew co., Ind. : a newly- 
formed village, on the line of the Madison and Indianapolis 
E. li., 3S m. from Madison, and 55 m. from Indianapolis. It 
contains about 40 dwellings. 

Elizabeth Town, p. v., and cap. Hardin co.. A'//. ; on 
the N. side of Valley or., a branch of Nolin's cr., 06 m. S.W. 
Frankfurt 

Elizabeth Town, p.b., Essex co., A\ Jer,: on Elizabeth 
cr., 2i in. from its entrance into Slaten Island Sound, 3S m. 
N. E. Trenbju. Lat. AtP 3S' N., and long. 740 12' W. The 
New Jersey R. II., and the New Jersey Central R. E. inter- 
sect at this point. It contains a court-house, jail, and about 
400 dwellings, and has considerable manufactures. Vessels 
of 30 tons come up to the v., and of 300 tons to Elizabeth 
Port, 2) m. below. Pop. about 3,000. 

Elizabetu Town, t., p. v., and cap. Essex co., K, Y. : 99 
m. N. by E. Albany. Drained by several branches of Bo- 
quel r. Surface mountainous in the W. ; in the E. mod- 
erately uneven. The Clinton range of mountains rises on 
the W. border, some of the peaks being from 1,200 to 1,500 
feet above the level of Lake Champlain. Iron ore of the 
finest quality abounds. The v. is on the left sitle of the r., 
and contains a court-house, jail, etc., and about 70 dwell- 
ings. In the t. are several iron-works and a large number 
of saw-mills. Pop. 1,635. 

ELizABE'ni Town, p. v., and cap. Bladen co., A^ Car. : on 
the right bank of Cape Fear r., 40 m. above Wilmington, 
and 7S m. S. by E. lialeigh. It has considerable river trade, 
and is a thriving place. The principal buildings are the 
court-house, and other co. offices, and it has several stores, 
and about 600 inhabitants. 

Elizabeth Town, i>. v., Ilamllton co., 0?uo : on the right 
bank- of White Water r., and on the Hue of the White AVater 
Canal, 118 m. S. W. Columbus. It contains several stores, 
and about 200 inhabitants. 

Elizabeth Town, p. v., Lancaster CO., Penn.: in the 
forks of Coney cr., 83 m. E. llarrisburg. 

Elizarethville, p v., Dauphin co., Penn.: 23 m. N. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Elizaville, p. T., Fleming co., Ky. : 76 m. E. by N. 
Frankfort. 

Elizaville, p. v., Columbia co., 2i. T. : 33 m. S. by E. 
Albany. 

Elk county, Pmn. BItuate W. centrally, and contains 
8f*,0 sq. m. Drained chiefly by the head waters of Clarion 
river— in the E. by afEuenls of the Susquehanna. The 



surface is elevated, somewhat rough, but the soils are of 
average fertility, and produce abundantly all the cereals 
and grasses. Farms 254; manuf. 50; dwell. 643, and pop. 
— wh. 8,529, fr. col. 2— total 3,531. Capital: Kidgeway. 
Public Mork.s- Sunbury and Erie K. R. 

Elk, p. 0., Crawford county, Wise. : 77 m. W. by N. 
Madison. 

El Kaper, p. v., Clayton co., la. : on the S. side of Turkey 
r., an aflluent of the Mississippi, SI m. N. by E. Iowa City. 

Elk CitEEK, t. and p. o., Erie co., Penn, : 216 m. N. W. 
Ilarrisburg. Drained by Cussawaga cr., a branch of Elk 
cr., and a tributary of Conneaut r., on the last of which are 
salt springs. Surface hilly: soil, gravelly loam and pro- 
ductive. It is a good agrieullurallown, and has about 1,S00 
inh.ibitanls. 

Elk Cueek, p. o., Grayson 00., Tirff. : on the cr., a trib- 
utary of New r. so called, 216 m. W. S. W. Richmond. 

Elk Cnoss Roaps, p. o., Ashe county. A''. Car.: 173 m. 
W. by N. Raleigh. 

Elk Dale, p. o., Chester county, Ptun. : 73 m. E. S. E. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Elk FiTitNACE, p. o., Nelson co., Virg. : 83 m. W. by N. 
Richmond. 

Elk Garden, p. 0., Kussell co., Virg.: 26S m. W. byS. 
Richmond. 

Elk Gkove, p. 0., Lafayette co., Mo.: 99 m. TV. N. "W. 
Jefferson City. 

Elk Oeove, p. o., Cook co.. III. : to Uie E. of Elk cr. of 
DCS Plaines r., 174 ni. N. E. by N. Springfield. 

Elk Geove, p. o., Iowa county, Wise: 34 m. W. by S. 
Madison. 

Elkhakt county, Ind. Situate N. middle, and contains 
4C0 sq. m. Drained by St. Joseph's, Elkhart, and other 
streams. There are also several lakelets in the county. 
Surface undulating — one half limbered, and the residue 
prairie or oak-barrens. The prairies are remarkably fertile. 
Wheal and Indian corn are the staple growths; other grains 
and grass are produced in abundance. Iron is found, and. 
at Meshawaka is largely manufactured. Farms 1,226; 
manuf. 70; dwell. 2.254, and pop. — wh. 12,G74, fr. col. 16 — 
totan2,(j90. CajHtid: Goshen. P iddic Works : Northern 
Indiana K. R., with branch to Goshen, and a K. K. thence 
S. to Peru. 

Elkiiaut, p. v., Elkhart co., /"(/. ." at the junction of Elk- 
hart and St. Joseph's rivers, 131 m. N. Indianapolis. It 
contains several mills, warehouses, stores, etc., and about COO 
inhabitants, and is the business centre of a large section, 
ultimately to become an important place. The Indiana 
Northern R. R. intersects it 102 m. from Chicago, and 146 
from Monroe. 

Elkhart, p. v., Sheboygan co., Wise. : 84 m. E. N. E. 
Madison. 

Elkhart river, Ind. : a fine mill-stream, an affluent of 
St. Joseph's r. It has a permanent supply of water from 
springs and lakes, and for the last 40 m. above its mouth its 
usual breadth is from SO to 100 yards. The country through 
which it passes is one of the richest agricultural regions of 
the State. 

Elkiieaet, p. v., Anderson county, Tex : 178 m. N. E. 
Austin City. 

Elk Hill, p. o., Amelia county, Virg.: 32 rn. 8 W. 
Richmond. 

Elk Horn, p. v., Washington co., III.: at the head of 
Elkhorn cr. of Kaskaskia r., lOS m. S. Springfield. 

Elk Horn, p. v., and cap. Walworth co., Wiw.: in the 
centre of the co., 49 in. E. H. E. Madison. It contains the 
CO. C. II., and other public offices, and about 300 inhabitants. 
The trade at this point is considerable, and the v. is con- 
nected with Racine on the lake by a plank road. 

Elk Horn, p. o., Franklin co., Ay. : on Elkhorn cr. of 
Kentucky r., 12 in. N. by E. Frankfort. 

Elk Horn, p. 0., Montgomery co.. Mo. : 82 m. N. E. 
Jefferson City. 

199 



ELK 



ELL 



■ on Elkhorn cr. 



Elk IIorm Grotf,, p. o., CarroU co., m. 
of Uock r., 152 m. N. Springfield. . ijg „ N E. 

Elk Lake, p. o., SuBqueUanna CO., Pmn. . 128 m. N. J.. 

HarrTsbu r'Drafn'd" Colanesque and Crooked creeks 
of ?to!ia f: Surface hilly; soil, grarel loam and cla>- 
heavily Umbered. Pop. about 900. „ p^„ . 1,0 „ 

Elk Lick, t. and p. 0., Somerset county, Pmn- . 123 m. 
W ^W narrisburg. It has numerous mills, disMllenes, 
I 'in^U an exceilfnt agricultural to,™. The Alleghany 
el!;;; bounds it on the east, and it is dramed by several 

'Tk XTrorSS'onald CO., Mo.: on Elk r. of the 
Neosho, ne'aTt'e W. line of the State, 194 m. S. W. Jetfer- 

'"el^Poht, p. v., Clayton eo., la. : on Elk cr. of Turkey 
r., 72 m. N. by E. Iowa City. w.,hvillc 

Elk PaoGE, p. 0., Giles co., Tmn. : 63 m. 8. Nash^ He. 
vZ E DGE Lak^iso, p. v„ Anne Arundel (Howard) co., 
^f on the S sWe of'pata ,sco r.. T m. above Baltimore 
Z at "he head of tide-water. The Washington Branch 
K E. diverges from the Baltimore and Ohio I.E., on e 
opposite side of the river, the former passmg through le 
Xee The viaduct over which the railroad erosses the 
Tcrear^' isVo4 feet long and 6S feet above the surface of the 
wat^rrest'ing on eigft arches constructed "l^r^^^^Z 
ried in the neighborhood. The v. has cons.derable manu 
Ltnres, and. In fact, the whole vicinity « one scene of 
mechanical industry. Pop. about SOO. 

Elk Eitek, p. v., Clinton CO., /u. : on Elk r., a small 
affluent oflhe Mississippi, 69 m.EN.E. Iowa C^y. 

Elk EivEE, p. 0., Franklin county, Ten,,. : 69 m. S. S. E. 
Nashville. The f. from which this p. 0. has its name, is a 
Considerable tributary of the Tennessee r. ; it nses m the 
hilly region on the E. border of Franklin county and thence 
pasLs Through Lincoln and Giles count.es, mto Alabama 
where it joins the Tennessee near the Muscle Shoals. It has 
a large number of affluents. 

Elk river, Oreg. Ter. : a tributary of Umpqua r., which 

iljoinsatthev. ofElkton. , a „, i„ „ 

Elk river, Md. : rises in Pennsylvania, and flows by a 

broad estuary into the N. part of Chesapeake Bay. It is 

navigable for 15 m. to Elkton. 

Elk river, Ala.: an affluent of Tennessee r., which it 

^T:t.^^^,V. 0., r"^- CO., MO. : on Elk Lick of Salt 
r T6 m. N. E. JeCTcraon City. 

Elkton, p. v., Umpqua co., Oreg. Ter. : at the confluence 

ofElkr. with the Umpqua, 93 m. S.Salem. , , „ 

E. KTON, p. v., Crawford co., III. : on the edge of a fine 

prairie 10 m. W. of Ilutsonville, on the Wabash, and lOb 

-^K^;^::''tr;ap.Toddc.,^.onE..ork. 
Eed r, a tributary of Cumberiand r., 167 m. W. .-. w. 
Frankfort. It contains a courirhouse and other co. offices, 
and about 600 inhabitants. 

Elkton p. v., and cap. Cecil CO., Md. : at the forks of Elk 
r 15 m above its confluence with Chesapeake Bay, at 
Turkey Point, 54 m. N. E. Annapolis. It is a well-built place, 
X a court;house, co. prison, etc., and has 1,12S inhab- 
itants. The Philadelphia, Wilmington, and Baltimore E. K. 
nasses the town a little to the N. „ , „ 

•^^TOK.p. v.. Hickory CO., Jfo.: about 6 m.W. of Pomme 
de Terre river, an affluent of Osage river, 83 m. S. W. 

'1r™'"v., GUes CO., Te„n. : on Elk r. of the Tennes- 
see 72 m. 8. Nashville. Pop. 200. „ ,, , , 

Elkton p. v., Columbiana Co., Ohio: on the N. bank of 
the middte fork of Little Beaver r., and on the line of the 
8an"y and Beaver Canal, 129 m. E. N. E. Columbus. It is 
200 



located on the W. side of the entrance of Elk Ran, into the 
above-named river, and contain, l«';»h="'''^"^. 

Elkville, p. v., Caldwell Co., N. Car. ■^''^f".' »' "» 
confluence ;mi Yadkin r., 157 m. W. "^f .»;„„„„. 

Ell«at, p. v., and cap. Gilmer eo., Ca.^ at the conflu 
ence of the Ellejay and Cotlercay rivers, 14S m. N. W. by 
N MUledgeville. It contains a C. H. and other county 

"ISrp.Tnr'tr?^- 156 - E- -y «■ 

^S:"noEonon, p. v.. Grant eo.,Tn.e,-on^he^E^ side 
Of Platte r., an affluent of the Mississippi, 63 m. W. ». 

Madison. ._ -r- . i <o m N 

Ellenbitegh, t and p. o., Clinton CO., A. r. . "- ">• "• 
Albany. Drained by English and other creeks of UiaU.au 
fuay r, which flows N. into the St. Lawrence and the 
Sad st'reams of Chazy r. of Lake Champlam. Surface 
hilly hut generally arable. Pop. 1,104 
Vi t i-NKOWAN, p. o., Baltimore co.. Ma. 
FLLENtrLtp v., Ulster CO., y. y.: at the junction of 
sand B and Go^d ieerkill creeks, 71 m. S. by W. Albany 
an on the line of the Delaware and Hudson Canal, t 
tains three churches, an iron foundry -veralston. ke- 
tones, and mills, and about 600 inhabitants; and a .«.ws 
papeJ, the " E. Journal" (dem.), is issued weekly. In the 
vicinity is an old lead mine. ro . 17-1 m N 

I Ellerov, p. v., Stephenson county, M. . 1.3 m. JN. 

|'''ELLt^L;E,p.v.,Harr-isco.,(Pa.:106m.W.S.W. 
P^^lS:^ p. v., Susquehanna CO., iV»».: 129 m. N. E. 

"iTLEnTt and p. v., Chautauque co., y. T.: 273 m 
W by S 'i^b'y. Driiined chiefly by several creeks of 
Chautauque Lake, which forms its W. border. Surface 
undulating ; soil, sandy and gravelly loam The v. on the 
E shore of the lake contains about 150 inhabitants. Pop. 

of the t 2,504. oo m w liv N 

Ell GaovE, p. c, Henry co., Tcnn.: 92 m. W. by N. 

""ELUCorr Creek, p. o., Erie co., .V. T. : on the creek so 
called, 259 m. W. Albany. 

ELLicorr-s Mills, p. v., Anne Arundel (n-"^> ~;^^^- 
on Patapsco r., 12 m. above Baltimore, and 31 m. N by W 
A inapoUs. The Baltimore and Ohio E. E. passes through 
rplace. The whole vicinity is one scene of productive 
du'stry; and here is.he greatest centre of Oourmg-imlls m 
,he Union. In 1S.50 the population '^'u™""^" '" l'^^'' °f 
which number 196 were free colored persons. The How 
ard Gazette" is published weekly. The vicmity for 10 or 12 
m aro'nd has much grand scenery, and the lands m gen- 
eral are in a good state of cultivation 

Ellicotoville, t., p. v., and cap. Cattaraugus Co., A. T. 
2UmZ. bv S. Albany. Drained by Great Valley cr. and 
1 to tributarie,;. surface undulating ; soil, sandy and gravelly 
!am The v. is located on the right side of the cr., which 
s an'affluent of Alleghany r.; it contains the county build- 
ings and about 800 inhabitants ; and has three newspapers 
Z "Cattaraugus Whig," the " Cattaraugus Kepublican' 
(dem.), and the " Whig and Union," all published weekly. 
The t. is chiefly agricultural. Pop. 1,412. ,. „ „ „ 

FlL.NOTON, t. and p. v., Tolland CO., Conn : 16 m. N. E. 
,r,; f^,rd Drained by Broad Brook of Scantic r. ami Ilock- 
n'm 'th" omlet of'snipsick Lake and an affluent of the 
Connecticut. Surface varied-on the E. hilly, and on tho 
W generally level ; soils light and dry, and of average pr.> 
Ltieness. The v. is located at the cross roads, near the 
cenlirof the t., and contains about 60 dwellings. Pop. of 

'Tlli'n^L, p. v., Outogamie co., W,.c. : 103 m. N. N. E. 

Madison. -.. t- . oto m 

Eli ington, t. and p. o., Chautauque oo., .A. T. . -JO ra. 

WbyS.Alb;ny. Drained by Clear cr. SurlUee undalal- 



ELL 



EMI 



ing; soil, sandy and gravelly Itiam. There are several 
tanneries and mills in the t., and about 2,001 inhabitanta. 

Ellingwood's Corner, p. v., Waldo co., Me. 

Kluott, t, and p. v., York county, Me. : 100 m. S. W. 
Augusta. Drained by creeks of Piscataqua r., which makes 
its S. W. border. Surface varied, and soil generally pro- 
ductive. There are several tanneries and mUIs in the t., 
and about 2.200 inhabitants. 

ELUOTTSBuKGn, p. V., Perry county, Pcnn.: 82 m. W. 
Uarrisburg. 

Elliott'9 Cboss Eoads, p. 0.) Morgan co., Ohio: 66 m. 
E. S. E. Columbus. 

Elliott's Cross Koadr, p. o., Clinton co., Ey. : on the 
S. line of the Slate, 110 m. S. Frankfort. 

Elliotts viLLE, t. and p. o., Piscataquis co., J/?. ; 79 m. 
N. by E. Augusta. 

Elliottsville, p. v., Jefferson co., Ohin: on tlie right 
bank of the Ohio r., 126 m. E. N. E. Columlnis. It has 
several ponds and brooks emptying through Sebeo and 
Pleasant rivers into the Piscataquis. The v. lies on Wilson's 
Brook, an affluent of Sebec Lake. 

Ellis county, Tea>. Situate N. centrally, and contains 
SOO sq. m. Drained by the upper streams of Trinity r. Or- 
ganized since 1S50. Capital : Waxahachi. 

Elus island, K. 11 ; in the harbor of New York, op- 
posite the mouth of Iludson r. It belongs to the United 
States, and is the site of Fort Gibson, now used as a naval 
store-house and powder magazine. It is also known as 
Gibbet Island, from the fact of its having been formerly the 
place for hanging or gibbeting pirates condemned to death. 

Ellis river, Me. : a tributary of Androscoggin river. 

Ellis river, A'. Ilamp. : an affluent of the Saco from the 
While Mountains. 

Ellisbit.gu, p. v., La Grange co., I/u7. : 136 m. N. N. E. 
Indianapolis. 

ELLisnrEGii, t. and p. v., Jefferson co., A^. Y.: 136 m. 
W. N. W. Albany. Drained by the branches of Sandy cr., 
an affluent of Lake Erie, which bounds it on the W. Surface 
level; soil, sandy loam. The v. is located on Sandy cr., 
which affords extensive water-power, and has several mills, 
about 60 dwellings, and 400 inhabitants. The Watertown 
and Rome E, E. passes through the E. part of the t., and at 
Pierrepont forms a juncti(tn with the EUisburg and Sack- 
ett's Harbor E. E. Pop. 5,5*24 

Ellisburgh, p. b., Potter co., Penn. : 126 m. N. by W. 
Harrisburg. 

Ellison, p. o., Warren co., lU. : SS m. N. W. Springfield. 

Elliston, p. v., Madison co., Ky. : 4S m. S. E. Frankfort. 

Elliston, p. v., Onondaga co., 2i. Y, : 124 m. W. by N. 
Albany. 

Ellisto'wn', p. v., Pontotoc co., Miss.: 155 m. N. E. 
Jackson. 

Ellisvtlle, p. v., Columbia co., Flor. : on the Santa F§ 
r., a tributary of Suwanee r., 112 m. E. S. E. Tallahassee. 

Ellisville, p. v., Bladen co., A\ Car. .* 73 m. S. Ealeigh. 

Elusville, p. v., Fulton co.. III. : on the E. side of 
Spoon r. of the Illinois, 69 m. N. W. Springfield. There 
are several large mills on the river, both above and below 
the village. 

Ellisville, p. v., and cap. Jones co., Misn. : on Talla- 
hala cr., a constituent of Pascagoula r., 7S m. S. E. by E. 
Jackson. 

Ellisville, p. v., St Louis co.. Mo. : SS m. E. by N. 
Jefferson City. 

Ellisville, p. v., Louisa county, Virg.: 51 m. N. W. 
Eichmond. 

Ellittsttlle, p. v., Monroe co., Ind. : 44 m. S. W. by S. 
Indianapolis. The New Albany and Salem E. E. intersects 
this place, 7 m. N. W. Bloomington. 

Eliaworth, p. v., Litchfield county, Conii.: 41 m W. 
Hartford. 

Ellsworth, t, p. v., and cap. Hancock co.. Me. : 71 m. 
E. by N. Augusta. Drained by Union r., and there are 

B2 



several large ponds emptying into it. Surface varied. Soil 
fertile, adapted alike to grain growing and grazing. The 
V. is situate at both sides of Union r., at the head of tide 
water, and accessible to large vessels. The r. is here spanned 
by a bridge, connecting the two sections of the v. It con- 
tains a court-house, co. jail, and the co. offices, and about 
600 inhabitants. Pop. of t 4,009. 

Ellsworth, p. v., Texas co., Mo.: on Big Piney Fork 
of Gasconade r., 73 m. S. by E. Jefferson City. Pop, 9.":i, 

Ellsworth, t. and p. v., Mahoning co., Ohio: 1S2 ra* 
N. E. Columbus. Drained by an affluent of Mahoning r. 
Surface diversified, and soil of average fertility, well adapted 
to grass and grain. The v. on the Canfield and Eaveuna 
Turnpike, contains 150 inhabitants. The cheese and butter 
of this t have long been noted in the markets. 

Ellwood, p. v., Muhlenburgh co., Ky. : 146 m. W. S. W. 
Frankfort 

Ellwood's Bridge, p. o., Delaware co.. A'. )'. 

Elm Bluff, p. o., Dallas co., AUi. : 47 m. W. Montgomery. 

Elmer, p. o., Salem co., ^V. Jer. : 57 m. S. S.W. Trenton. 

Elm Grove, p. o., Marion co.. In. : in the S. E. corner of 
the CO.. 77 m. W. S. W. Iowa City. 

Elm Grove, p. o., De Soto co., Miss. : 177 m. N. Jackson. 

Klm Gro^t:, p. o., Lewis county, Mo. : los m. N. by E. 
Jefferson City. 

Elm Grove, p. o., Highland co.. III. 

Elm Hill, p. o., Davidson co., Te}\n. 

Elmira, p. v.. Stark co., III. : on the E. side of Spoon r. 
of the HIinois, 99 m. N. Springfield. 

Elmira, t, p. v., and cap. Chemung co., A^. Y. : 158 m. 
W. by S. Albany. Drained by creeks of Chemung r. Sur- 
face uneven ; soil in the valleys and flats very fertile. The 
V. is located on the left side of Chemung r., at the entrance 
of Newton's cr., where is extensive water-power. It con- 
tains a court-house, and other co. offices, and has a number 
of manufacturing establishments, stores, warehouses, etc. II 
is also a great lumber market, and has a considerable trade. 
The Chemung Canal has its Southern terminus at this point, 
and the New York and Erie E. E. passes througli the v., 
and 4 m. W. of the v. is tapped by the Canandaigna and 
Elmira E. E. Thr. e newspapers are published here — the 
"E. Eepublican" (whig), the "E. Gazette"' (free soil), and 
Uie " E. Couri r" (whig)— all issued weekly. Two bridge^ 
cross th Chemung r., over one of which the R. E. passes, 
and over the other the turnpike. Pop. 6.212. The original 
nam of the t. was Con-e-ica-icah. It was settled in 17&3, 
and called *' Newton," and in 1791, the v. having been loca- 
ted by Moses De Wilt, its name was changed to " Dewitts- 
burg." In the last year the first frame-house was built, and 
the lands were sold to settlers at 18 pence per acre. The 
t. finally received its present title from some gentleman who 
named it after his wife. Pop. oft, s,166. 

Elmira, p. \., Fulton county, Ohio: 127 m. N. N. W. 
Columbus. 

Elmore, t. and p. o.. Lamoille co.. Term.: 16 m.N. byE. 
Montpelier. Drained in the S. by branches of Onion r., and 
in the N. by branches of the Lamoille. Surface elevated 
and rough ; soils moderately fertile. The v. is located in 
the N. part of the t. on a branch of Lamoille r. The t. has 
several ponds, and contains iron ore. Pop. 504. 

Elmore, p. o., Peoria co.. III. : 73 m. N. Springfield. 

Elm Point, p. o.. Bond co., III.: in the middle of Fork 
Prairie, between the forks of Shoal cr., an affluent of Kas- 
kaskia r, Gl m. S. by E. Springfield. 

Elm Springs, p. v., Washington co., Ark. : 144 m. N. W. 
Little Eock. 

Elm Tree, p. o., Hancock co.. III. : on the edge of a fine 
prairie, 6 m. E. 3. E. Carthage, and S4 m. W. N. W. 
Springfield. 

Elm Wood, p. o.. Peoria co., TIL: on Kickapoo cr., 63 
m. N. by W. Springfield. 

Ei,M Wood, p. o., Saline county, Mo. : 76 ni. W. N W 
Jefferson City. 

201 



ELO 



ELON, p. o., AmherBt co., Virg. : 93 m. W. KicUmond. j 
Elrod, p. v., Ripley co., Ind. -^ ^. ^y B. ' 

Elton, p. v., Cattaraugus co., ilA. T. . 148 m. w . cy 

Tlto';-, p. v., Edgefield district, S. Car.: 64 m. W. 

"t . ,p.v.,andcap. Lorain CO., OMo: 108 m N.N. E. 
Colmbus I.ra ined by Biaclc r. of Lake Erie and >te tnb- 
"surface uneven; soils generally fertile. T he v. .s 
p e'antly located between the E. and W. forks of Maek r 
tuA unite about half a mile N. of it, and each of ,>h h 
riL a perpendicular fall of nearly 40 feet on the oppo.ao 
T .rm,. V affording extensive hydraulic power. The 
' 1 sLe'ts ex end from one branch of the river to the 
Tc'lnd he b^ exhibit much neatness and t^te 
1 conSns a court-house and other eo. bmldmgs, seve a 
rare:,faetories,andmiUsandabou^ 

rr^^rrS) ^epub~wee^k,y.'TheLake 
BhoTeE ~ ctvi;ndto'sandusky,passesmroughthe 

^■"ESBtfJn,p.v.!'N^U>umber,andco.,P»...-M.>.I^. 

''rs^%n«.s,p.o., Harrison co., T^.: 2T0m.N.E. 

^™M,-p. v., M'Henryco., /«••«" "^^S. side of Boon 

.n^ on the line of the Baltimore and Ohio K, 1.., il in. v» 
and on me imc Annapolis. It contains 1 cot- 

f "™d°T'oaknm fal^; 1 1 -ch. 1 school,and 106 inhab- 
r;, T 1^-erSuilt Of brick and stone. Thevicic- 
vis thickly settled, and in a highly flour.shmg eond,t,on 
both as r.^pects its manufacturing and agricultural mle e.ts 
The lamU are fertile, and afford a considerable quaut.ty of 

't,.v™fp"vrand cap. Jefferson eo.,^;«..: at the head 
of Catoocie'e o; Valiey cr., SI m. N. N. W. Mou.gomer5^ 
I contains a court-house and the co. ja.l and offices and 
aboTS" inhabitanu. The country is elevated, and the 
ion.l« famous for their fine cotton. 

FMCEreounty, Ga. Situate toward E. centrally, and 
con^rnoo Am Drained by Cannonchee r. and other 
rrents of tirogeechee, and by several head streams o 
Cat Ohoopee r. of the Alatamaha. Surface level, and 
Xe-pUn the valleys, .sandy and of indifferent fertduy. 
raris 611; manuf, 0; dweU. 605, and pop.-wh 3,591, fr. 
C0T24 si. 962-total 4,5T-. Capital : Swamsboro'. 

E^« p v., Lehigh CO., Penn.: 76 m. E. N. E. Harr^- 
but TWs i a Moravian village, at the foot of Sou h 
Mountain, and is built in one street. It conta.ns about 40 
dweC^! The site was bequeathed by two brethren for 
U.e support and promotion of missions . 1„, „ W by S. 
Emms, p. o., Bedford county, Yu'g-: 123 m. W. by s. 

^~tsPor.r,p.o.,Edgarco.,7»..-at the head ofthe 

E. fork of Embarras r., 93 m. E. by S. SP""?"^;'"- ^ 

Embi-en, t. and p. v., Somerset Co., Me. . o4 m. N. N- vv. 
Augusta. Drained by several affluents of Kennebec r 
whfeh makes its E. border. The v. is located m the N. E. 
part of the town. Pop. of U 971. „ _, to-ww 

^ EMBOE.-. CE.STKE, p. o., Somcrsct CO., Me. : 57 m. N. N.W. 

^Zt^^.^ p. v., Chester eo., P...... .• Tl m. E. by S. 

"^ e"- Gbov., p. o., Eock CO., Wise. : 33 m. 9. S. E. 

^"EfS'o.'s T.«-YABn, p. 0., Chatham county, K Car. : 

^^^,:;,^tl^lonco.^^S.N^.WC.umbns. 
..^:^:,'i:^;.!;-;;>^br3^nd^om Which the 
stream has iu, rise, and 83 m. S. W. Augusta 
202 



ENF 

Emtgsville, p. v., York county, I-erm. : 87 m. S. by E. 

"e"; p. v., Logan CO., lU. : in the N. E. par. of the 
CO n^u^r cr! of lalt cr., an affluent of the Sangamon, 

\".:rj:.fp.t'^C;o.,X.:33m.N.W..rankfor. 

lr::^;;;::;~:-nl^.,^:onJrele« 
bank of Current r., 93 m. S. S. E. Jefferson Oty. It con- 
tains a court-house, etc., and about 120 intal";an.s^ 

Emientos, p. v., Venango co., Fenn- : 16» m. W. N. . 

° e"^T v., mite CO., m : on the E. of LitUe Wabash 
r 14S m. S. E. Springfield. 

iZl, p. o., Lake CO., lU. : Wween Des P'-"- '-^"1 
Lal^Michiga;, S m. S. by W. Waukegan, and 159 m. 
N. E. by N. Springfield. ^^ 

Emjiett county, la. bituate a. "•'•"' 
so m. Taken from Pottowattomee m 1^51. ,^^„„ 

\^.Tr county, m-*. Situate N.W.extrem.ty of Lower . 
Peninsula, and contains 144 sq. m. A new co «nce 1.50^ 
Emmkti, t. and p. o., Calhoun co„ M,ch.: 4-3 m. 9. A\ 
LanXg. brained by Kalamazoo r. and its tr,bnU.nes The 
Michi°f n Central K. E. passes through the t. about 113 m. 

"7.^Tu idT rUe CO., ir.e. : 36 m. E. H. E. 

"S^^:^^^tR»ndo,phco.,^«.:™theN^si^ 
of and about a mde from Mississmewa r., 64 m. N. E. b) i,. 

'■— ^';v.,Wilkinsonco.,««.:ontl.S^rorkofCom. 
n>issioner-s er.. an affluent of Oconee r 15 m. 3- Mdk ge^ 
viUe. The Central E. K. passes through thev.,lo3 m. from 

''Z^tB™o„,p.v.,Erederick CO., ML: on the J.^e 
of Flat r., a tributary of Tom's er., and extendmg back 
n most to that stream, 73 m. N. W. Annapohs. It has 5 
churcLs several stores, and 812 inhabitants. In the vicm- 

rne ECn Catholiihave several celebrated rebgious 
and educational institutions. Mount St. Mary's College, 2 
m. distant, is one of the best schools in the ^;n|»; ^"^ 
founded in 1S30, and had in 1S50 a president, 24 PJ'f^o" 

Td tstmctors,'l37 alumni, and 126 ^^^l^™^';^., '= l.^,^. 
contains about 4,000 volumes. Mount St. Mar> s H'^o'"? 

-\rTjo^:;u'Ss:-h'':ftru:^ 

r s^afemaet: tutLn co:d^;edbytheSistersofChari- 
;'. andnTa here is the Congregation of the Missions, from 
:,^oman^.s..ha™be».r^n.th^^^^ 

;r A~ atreXtot:'co„gregation of ^Iissio„s Jor 
"he fdu'ation of Orphan Girls, and served by four sister, 
a Free School for girls, and other eharities. 
Emoby, p. v., Washington co., lirg.: 264 m. W. ». 

""e™"' p v.. Holmes co., Mu. : 66 m. N. by E. Jackson 
EMB ' ? OK WoBKS, p. o., P.oan coTenn : on Emory s 

r., a branch of Clinch r., 126 m. E. by S NashW.le^ 
EMe.BE, p. 0., Whitesides eo., /«.. 133 m. IN. oy 

't^Cn., p. v.,Tuo,umne CO., Call^: on the S. side 

of Tuolumne r., SS m. S. E. \ allejo. . 1 qt m S W 

Empibe Ibon WoEffi, p. o., Trigg Co., Ky. . 197 m. S.^ . 

Frankfort ^ j, j, g jngfl^u,. 

EsnoB p. o WUl CO , i ^^ ^ ^ ^^ ^ ^^^^^^^^^ 

e""Jo tand Tv Hartford CO., Conn. : 16m. N.i.y E. 
TrJ^rl Situate on the E. .side of Connecticut r., over winch 
br dte rnecUng it with Suffleld. and also one in .he 
S ;.^ oMh tove Which the New llavcn, Ilarlford and 
Sn In 'field K.E. passes from Windsor Locks to Warehouse 
Pont Thi railroad skirts the r. through .he t., passing 
« ThompsonVdle. Scitico and Ha^ardviUe are other 



ENF 



ERI 



villages in Enfield. Thompsonville is noted for ita extensive 
carpet factories, and HazardviUe for its powder mills. Pop. 
of town 4,4ti(). 

Enfield, t. and p. o., Penobscot co., Me. : 92 m. N. E. 
Augusta. The v. is located on the E. side of Penobseot r.^ 
which forms the W. border of the town. A large pond lies 
on the E. border. Pop. 392. 

Enfielp, t. and p. v., Uampshire co., Mass. : 66 m. "W. 
Boston. Drained by two branches of Swift r., a tributary 
of Chicopec r., which afford water-power. Surface diver- 
sified. Soil adapted best to grasses. There are considerable 
manafaeturcs in the town, consisting of cotton and woolen 
goods, hoots, shoes, etc. Pop I,'C6. 

Enfield, p. v., Halifax co., iV. Car. : on the line of the 
"Wilmington and Weldon E. P., 66 m. N. E. Paleigh. It is 
a place of considerable business, and has 400 inhabitants. 

EsFrELD, t. and p. v., Grafton co., iV. IRunp. : 30 m. N.W. 
Concord. Surface pleasantly diversified, and soil of average 
fertility. It contains several considerable ponds, the outlets 
of which afford water-power. The v. lies at the S. end of 
Mascoma Pond, and there is a Shaker's village and settle- 
ment on the "W". side of the same, which is characterized by 
the neatness and economy so usual with these sectarians. 
The settlement embraces about 1,000 acres of land in a high 
state of cultivation. In the N. part of llie t. is Enfield Sta- 
tion, on the line of the Northern K. P., which here crosses 
the t 59 m. from Concord. Pop. 1,742. 

Enfield, t. and p. v., Tompkins county, K. Y. : 1-^i m. 
W. by S. Albany. Drained by creeks of Cayuga inlet, 
which afford wafer-power. Surface undulating; soil grav- 
elly loam. The v. contains about 30 dwellings. The t. is 
chiefly agricultural, and contains 2,117 inhabitants. 

Entield, p. v., King "William co., Virg.: 24 ra. N. E. 
Eichmond. 

Enfield Centee, p. v., Tompkins county, JV. 1". ; 145 m. 
W. by S. Albany. 

Engellvili^, p. v., Schoharie county, A1 T. : 37 m. W. 
Albany. 

English NEicnBOKnooD, p. v., Bergen co., JV! Jpr. : 62 m. 
N. E. Trenton. It contains 2 churches and about 40 dwell- 
ings. The dislance from New York City is about S miles. 

English PBAifiiE, p. o., M'llenry co., III. : on the N. E. 
comer of the co.,19S m. N. N. E. Springfleld. 

English Settlement, p. v., Marion county, la. : on 
English cr., an affluent of Des Moines r., 103 m. "W. S. W. 
Iowa City. 

Englishtown, p. v., Monraonth co., JV. Ji>r. : on Matcha- 
ponix cr., 27 m. E. Trenton. It contains several stores, 
about 40 dwellings, and ISO inhabitants. The country in 
tlie vicinity lias a light and sandy eoil. 

Ennisville, p. v., Huntingdon co., Penn.: on Standing 
Stone cr, 63 m. W. by N. Ilarrisburg. 

Enoch, t. and p. o.. Noble county, Ohio : 84 ra. E. by S. 
Columbus. Drained by Duck cr. Surface varied, and soil 
generally fertile, well adapted to grain. Pop. 1,43S. 

Enoe Mills, p. o.. Orange co., 2i. Car.: on Euoe r., an 
affluent of the Neuse, 31 m. N. N. W. Raleigh. 

Enon, p. o., Bureau eo., JIL: 113 m. N. Springfield. 

Enon, p. v., Macon co., A/a. : 31 m. E. Montgomery. 

Enon, p. o., Clark co., OHo: 4T m. W. Columbus. P. 294. 

Enon Grove, p. o., Heard co,, Ga. : 114 m. W. by N. 
Milled geville. 

Enon Valley, p. o., Lawrence co.,Penn. : 1S9 m.W. N.W. 
Uarrisburg. 

Enoeee. p. v., Spartanburgh dist., jS". Car. : on Enoree r., 
an affluent of Broad r., S6 m. N. "W. by N. Columbia. 

Enosburgii, p. v., Franklin co., Venn. : 44 m. N. by W. 
Montpelier. Drained by tributaries of Missisqui r., which 
flows through the N. part of the t., and affords good water- 
power. Surface varied, and soil best adapted to grasses. 
The V. lies al)out the centre, and contains 22 dwellings. 

Enosduboh Fali^s, p. o., Franklin eo., Verm. : 47 m. 
N. by W. Montpelier. 



Enthiu'Eise, p, o.. Orange co., i'Vo;-. .' on the N. side of a 
lake or expansion of St. John's r., 220 m. S. E. Tallahassee. 
Lat. 2SO 49' N., and long. SP 12' W. 

Enteiiprise, p. o., Wayne co., III. : on the E. side of Elm 
cr. of Little Wabash r.. 112 m. 9. E. Springfi.-ld. 

Enteupkise, p. 0., Shiawassee co., Jilich. : 27 m. N. E. 
Lansing. 

Enterprise, p. v., M'Donald co., Mo. : on a branch of Elk 
r. of the 5leosho, 182 m. S. W. Jefferson City. 

Enterprise, p. o., Lancaster co., Penn.: 42 m. E. S. E. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Enterprise, p. v., Clark co., Misn. : on Chankey cr. of 
Chickasawa r., 92 ni. E. by S. Jackson. 

Enterprise, p. v., Preblu county, O/w'o; SO m. W. by S. 
Columbus. 
EoLTA, p. c, Dane co., Wiac. : 22 m. N. E. Madison. 
Ephratah, t. and p. v., Fulton co., K. Y. : 46 m.W. N.W. 
Albany. Drained I»y Garoga and Zimmerman's creclis, 
affluents of Muhawk r. The surface is uneven: soil, sandy 
loam. The v. is located on the right l)aiik of Garoga cr., and 
contains about 200 inhabitauld. The t. has considerable 
water-power, and several factories and mills. Pop. 2,0S0. 

Ephratah, t. and p. v., Lancaster county, Penn. : 33 m. 
E. by S. Harrisbucg. The v. was founded by a singular sect 
from Germany, the Tunkers or Dunkers. Most of the 
original peculiarities of the sect have disappeared, but they 
still live remarkable for the regularity of their lives, tho 
simplicity of their manners, and the fervor of their devotion. 
Contention at law or with arms they regard as uuchrisliau. 
Pop. about 1,9T9. 

Eppino, t. and p. v., Eockingham co., N. Hawp. : 27 ni. 
E. 9. E. Concord. Drained by Lamprey r., which affords 
good water-power. Surface level, and soil generally of an 
average fertility. The v. is located on the Portsmouth and 
Concord li. P., 19 m. fl-om Portsmouth, and 30 m. from 
Concord. The t. has several tanneries, mills, etc., and l,-j;3.5 
inhabitants. Pop. 1,063. 

Epsom, t. and p. o., Merrimac co., JV. Hamp.: 11 m. 
E. by S. Concord. Drained by Suncook r. and its tributa- 
ries. Surface uneven; soils suitable fur grass or grain. Tlie 
v. lies on a creek of Suncook liiver. Pop. 1,365. 

Equality, p. v., and cap. Gallatin co.. III. : on the N. 
side of the S. fork of Saline cr., an affluent of the Ohio r., 159 
m. S. E. by S. Springfield. It contains a neat brick court- 
house and other co. offices, several mechanic shops, stores, 
etc., and about 120 dwellings. In the neighborhood there 
are salt-works. 

Eqfalitt, p. v., Coosa connty, Ala.: S2 m. N. by E. 
Montgomerj'. 

Equality, p. v., Anderson dist., S. Car, : 119 m.W. N.W. 
Columbia. 
Equatok, p. o., Lee co., III. : 136 m. N. by E. Springfield. 
Equinunk, sta., Delaware co., N. Y. : on the E. bank of 
Delaware r., and on the line of the New York and Erie 
K. P., 153 m. from New York City. At present it contains 
little more than the railroad buildings and olTices, and a 
hotel, but it has many advantages that the future may 
develop. 

EQi:iNr>*K, p. v., WajTie co., P<uin.: on the W. side of 
Delaware r., 139 m. N. E. Harrisburg. It has several mills, 
and in tlie neighborhood are a large number of tanneries. 
Erasmi;s, p. o., Lincoln co., 2^. Car.-: 140 m. W. by S. 
Ealeigh. 

Ekcildq-wn, p. 0., Chester county, Pen7i. : 73 m. E. by S. 
Harrisburg. 

Erie county. A' T. Situate W., and contains S76 sq. ni. 
Surface generally level or undulating, except in the S., 
where it is somewhat hilly. Niagara r. and Lake Erie form 
its W. border, and Cattaraugus County makes its S. line. 
Drained by Buffalo, Cayuga, Cazenovia, Seneca, Ellieott's, 
Cauquaga, and Tonewanda creeks. Farms 4,SS0 ; manuf. 
OSS; dwelt. 17,104, and pop.— wh. 100,214, and fr.col. 779— 
total 100,993. Capital : Buffalo. PuUic Works : Erie 



ERI 



Canal : Bum,lo nn.l Rocbesler K. E. ; BulTalo ami N aRara 
Fills K. E. : Buffalo and State Line U. K. ; Buffalo and >,ew 
York City E.E.; Buffalo and Brantford R. 11.; Buffalo, 
Coming, and New Tork E. K., etc, and numerous plank 
roads. „ . . 

Er..E county, Okio. Situate N. on Lake Er.e, and con- 
tains 324 sq. m. Drained by Huron and Vermill.ou nvers, 
and Pipe cr.,the latter emptying into Sandusky Bay, an. 
the U-o first into the lake. Surface generally level, and 
soils fertile. A large commerce centres in th,s co. 1 arms 
1 021 ; manuf. T3; dweU. 3,363, and pop.-wb. 13,366, and 
frcol.302-totall3,56^. C«p»ta; : Sandusky City. PiMic 
Works; Lake Shore E. E. ; Sandusky and Toledo E. E. ; 
Mad Elver and Lake Erie E. E.; Mansfield and Sandusky 
K F etc 

ErJe county, Penn. Situate in the N. W. comer of the 
State, facing on Lake Erie, and contains T20 sq. m. Dramed 
by Conn-ant, Elk, Walnut, and other creeks flowmg mto 
the Lake, and French cr. of the AUegha.iy r. Surface un- 
dul-iling ; soils various, consisting of sandy loam, gravel, and 
clay in different proportions, and well a.lapt.-.l to grass. 
Farms 8,334; manuf. 255; dwell. C,S'26, and pop--wli. 
88593, fr. eol. l«-totel »S,74'2. Capilal: Erie. Pulhc 
Work,: Erie and Norlh-East R. E. ; Cleveland, Pamcs- 
ville, .and Ashtabula P. E. ; and Sunbury and trie E. L^, 
also Beaver and Erie Canal. The two first of these form 
links in the great chain of railroads eiitend.ug along the 
southern shore of Lake Erie. , ■,„„!, 

Enre, p. v., Whitesides co.. III.: on the N. side of Rock 
r., 122 m. N. by W. Springfield. 

Emk, p. 0., Eoan county, Term.: 129 m. E. by a. 
Nashville. „ t. t i 

EniE, t- and p. v„ Monroe co., iftVl. ; W m. S. K Lanstag. 
Drained by Vance r. and Bay cr. The town ,3 the soulh- 
. easternmost in the State, and includes North Cape and sev- 
eral islands. It contains a good stone quarry. Pop. I,i44 
Eeib, p. v., and cap. Camden co.. Mo.: on the S. side of 
Osa^e r., between the Little Niangua and Grand Au Glaize 
rivers 45 m. S. W. Jefferson City. It contains a court- 
house, a jail, etc., and has a considerable river trade. 

Ekie, p. b.. port of entry, and cap. Erie co., Penn. : on 
Presque Me Bay of Lake Erie, 218 m. N. W. by W. liar- 
ri.burg Lat. 42° 10' X, and long. 80° 08' W. The borough 
e;tends along the bay for 3 m., and from it 1 m. The harbor 
of Erie is one of the best and safest on the Lake, with b or 
10 feet of water on the bar, and the depth within it averages 
"•0 feet In extent it is about 6 sq. m. The borough con- 
tains the CO. court-house, a. jail, and other offices, churches 
of all denominations, schools and academies, a bank, nume- 
rous wholesale stores, commission and forwarding houses, 
and lumber vards; also foundries, mechanic shops, and 
manufacturing establishments of various kinds. Its pop. m 
1S411 was 3 412 ; in 1S60 it contained 5,850 ; and in 1ko2, by 
estimate, 8,500. At the first period it had few faculties of 
intenial communicalion-at the last, the line of railroads 
from Buffalo was completed, and also the line to Cleveland, 
thus extending its commercial highways to the extreme 
West and East of the Union. As yet, however, the pros- 
perity of llie borouffh is only in its first grade of develop- 
ment. Its harbor is being improved ; the line of canal from 
Pittsbur" is progressing to completion ; a railroad is being 
built to conned it with the Erie R. E. and New York City ; 
an.ifher from Erie, via Sunbury to Philadelphia, in Penn- 
svlvania- and still another to Pitlsburg. These lines of 
travel and transportation will place it on a par with Buffalo, 
Dunkirk, Cleveland, Sandusky, etc., and make it, in a com- 
mercial point of view, one of llie most imporlant ports of 
I -ike Erie The lake commerce centering at this port is as 
vel comp,arativeIy small, and the shipping owned by the 
inhabitants in 18.50 was only 7,870 ton., of which 6,350 tons 
were navigated by steam-power. Favoring circumstances 
now compel the fortunes of the place, and its rise will be 
rapid; and it is not improbable that when the census 
204 



ERI 

enumeration of 1S60 is taken, that Erie will count a popula. 
tion of nearlv 20,000 inhabitants. The newspaper press of 
Eric consisls'of a tri-weekly paper and 4 weekly papers : the 
tri-weekly is the " Erie Observer" (iem.), of which also is 
issued a weekly edition; the "E. Chronicle" ovhig), the 
"E. Gazette" (whig), and the "Commercial Advertiser 
(whi"). Erie has long been a port, the position and local 
advantages of which were appreciated by the lake naviga- 
tor, and it has as long been a harbor of refuge to the national 
vessels in war or storm. It was here that Perry, m the last 
war with Great Britain, lilted up his fleet; and in case of 
war again ensuing, no port on the lake has the same ad- 
vantages for defense and safe harbor, Presque Isle being a 
natural breast-work, easily defended against the enemy. 

Erie, lake : one of the five great lakes of North America, 
between the United States and Canada. It lica betweeil 
41° 32' and 42° 62' N. lat.. and between 78° 65' and 83° 23 
\V long , and has the States of Ohio, Pennsylvama, and 
New York on the S. .and S. E. borders, and the ferule 
peninsula of Upper Canada on the N. Its shape is ellip- 
tical— its length 365 m., and its breadth from 10 to 63 m. II 
receives at its W. end, through the Detroit or strail, the 
discharge of water from the great upper lakes, and dis- 
charges Its own waters through Niagara r., celebrated l.'r iw 
stupendous water-falls. Its surface is elevated 600 feet 
above tide water at Albany, 52 feet below lakes Uurou and 
Michigan, and 322 feet above the level of Lake Onlario. lis 
waters are shallower than those of the other great lakes; 
the greatest depth that has la-en obtained by sounding is 
270 feel, but its mean depth is not more than 120 feet. It 
receives from Canada but a few small streams, the pnneipal 
of which is the Ouse, near U* K extremity. From Micliigan 
it receives the Huron and Eaisin ; from Ohio, the Maumee 
Portage, Sandusky, VermiUion, Black, Cuyahoga, Grand^ 
Ashtabula, and Conneaut; from Pennsylvania, the Elk aud 
other streams; and from New York, the Cattaraugus and 
Buffalo creeks. The rivers of Lake Erie have bars at heir 
mouths, rarely affording more than S feet water A little 
N W. of Sandusky Bay is a group of islands called North, 
Middle, and South Bass islands. In the N. part of bouth 
Bass Island is Put-in-Bay, which has 12 feet water and 
affords one of the best harbors on the lake, and is easily ac- 
cessible. Into this harbor Commodore Perry brought his 
prizes after the battle of the lOlh Sept, 1813. 'The best har- 
bors on the south shore, are the harbor of Sandusky, OIno 
Erie,P«.7i.,- and Buffalo and Black Eock, A. iort Por 
Maitland, at the mouth of Grand or Ouse r., forms the best 
aud almost the only harbor on the Canada shore. Grand 
r after a course of 100 miles, enters Lake Erie 40 m. directly 
W of its outlet. In consequence of its shaUowness, a part 
of the lake is frozen over in winter, and navigation is for 
several months suspended. The importance of this lake for 
the purposes of commerce has been greatly increased by 
the canals and railroads, connecting ilii ports "'^ «he inl<^ 
rior and the sea-board. The canals are the Wellaud the 
Erie, the Ohio, the Miami, and the Wabash and Erie 
canals; and the principal railroads are-the line of rail- 
roads f>om Buffalo to Albany; the New "iork and Erie 
E E from Dunkirk to New York City; the Sunbury and 
Erie's E., from Erie to Sunbury and Philadelphia: the 
Cleveland and Pittsburg E. E. ; the Cleveland, Muiubus, 
and Cincinnati E. E.; the line of railroads from Sandusky 
to Cincinnati ; and the Southern Michigan R. R-, from 
Toledo and Monroe to Chicago, etc.; and besides lliese, 
there is a continuous line of railroad fi-om Niagara Falls, 
through Buffalo, Dunkirk, Erie, Cleveland. Sandusky, To- 
ledo etc., skirling the southern line of the lake from one 
end to the other, and connecting with the lines directing 
inland l^om these several ports. The business which is 
done on this lake by the aid of these channels is im- 
mense, and is constantly increasing. The following was 
the tannage of the several collection districts on Lake Erie 
at two periods: 



ERI 



ESS 



1840. IBriO. Iiir'e 111 li>j'M. 

Buffiilo 4,91G 3^,679 84jm 

Presque Isle 3,860 7,S70 4.510 

Cuyahoga 9,514 85,315 '25,^01 

Sandusky 2.643 7,333 4,0S5 

Mirimi 2.-2S-i 2,<VJ9 3D7 

Detroit 11.4-V2 36.>93 25.4C 1 

Total 34.0'JT 129,714 95.617 

This, in l^tO, included more th:in 300 vessels, and in ISoO 
more thnn 1.100, consisting of ships, brigs, schooners, sloops, 
Btoainboats. and propellers. Of the vessels moved by steam- 
power, the number is jrreat, and many of tlicra of the largest 
class, little inferior to those navigating the Hudson Itiver. 
In 1S50, the tonnage of this description of vessels amounted 
to 5S,199 tons, nearly one half the aggregate American ton- 
nage on the lake. This enumeration does not include the 
tonnage of Canadian ports on the h»fce, which, however, is 
not large. The value of the commerce on this lake alone is 
much larger than that of the foreign commerce of the whole 
United States. 

EniKTiLLE, p. v., Madison co, iV! T. : 102 m. W. Albany. 
Pop. about 200. 

Eitix, p. v., Merriwether co., Gn. : on the N. lino of the 
county, and about G m. "W. of Flint r., 78 m. W. by N. 
Milledgeville. 

Erin, p. o., M'Henrj- co., 17L : 2 m. N. of "Woodstock, .-md 
ISl N. N. E. Springfield. 

EniN, t. and p. o., Chemung co., A'", }' ; 14*^ m. W. S. W. 
Albany. Drained by Cayuta cr. Surface hilly and broken, 
and soil gravelly loam of moderate fertility. It is almost 
entirely an agricultural town. Pop, 1,813. 

Erin, p. v., Chickasaw county, Miss. : 123 m. N. N. E. 
Jackson. 

Erin, p. o., Jasper co., Tex. : on the E. side of Neches r., 
233 m, E. Austin City. The Jasper and Beaumont Road 
intersects the place about 14 m. above the S. line of the co. 

Erin Shades, p. c, Henrico co., Vir(/. 

Erroll, t. and p. o., Coos co., JV. Hamp. : lOS m. N. by E. 
Concord. Drained by Androscoggin r. and its trilnitaries. 
On the E. lies Lake Vmbagog, which forms iLs boundari,' in 
that direction. The t. is entirely devoted to agriculture, and 
is ^ cry sparsely settled. Pop.'' 188. 

Erving, t. and p. v., Franklin co., Mass.: on the E. side 
of Connecticut r., 75 m. "W. by N. Boston. Drained chiefly 
by Miller's r. Surface diversified with fine meadows on the 
Connecticut. Its streams afford fine water-power, and it 
has considerable manufactures. The Vermont and Massa- 
chusetts R. E. traverses the t. on the S. and W. borders, fol- 
lowing the valleys of the rivers. Pop. 449, 

Erwinna, p. v., Bucks co., P^nv. : on the right bank 
of Delaware Kiver, 37 m. N. Philadelphia, and 113 m. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Erwinsville, p. v., Cleveland county, X. Car.: 162 m. 
W. S. W. Halcigh. 

Erwinton, p. v., Bamwell dist., 5. Car. : on the N. side 
of Briar er., an affluent of Savannah r., 73 m. S. S. W. 
Columbia. 

Escambia county, Flor. Situate in the extreme W.. and 
contains 570 sq. m. Escambia r. and Pensacola Bay bound 
it on the E., and the Gnlf of Mexico on the S., while the 
Perdido r. makes its W. line. Surface low and level near 
the sea. but rises to some height in the interior: it is drained 
by numerous tributaries of the border rivers. Soil generally 
poor, and covered with pines. Farms34; manuf.O; dwell. 
563, and pop.— wh. 2,644. fr. col. 375, .si. 1.3.S2— total 4.351. 
Capital: Pensacola. rulUcWorls : Fort Caines and Pen- 
sacola P. P.; Montgomery and Pensacola E. II.; Bruns- 
wick and Florida K. P., etc. (all projected). 

Escambia river, Ala. and FInr. : ri§*'S in Monroe co., 
Alabama, and fii.ws S. E. into Florida, where near the .State 
line it unites with the Conecuh, a larger river than itself, 
and thence flows S. into an arm of Pensacola Bay. From 
the junction this stream is properly the Conecuh. 



EscniiKAG, p. v., Kent co., JL I. 

Escv LAi'iA Springs, p. v., Lewis co., Ky. : 92 m. E. by N. 
Frankfort. 

Esmond's Corners, p. o., Calhoun co., Mich. : 58 m. S,W. 
Lansing. 

EsoM Hill, p. o., Paulding co., Ga.: IIS m. N. N. W 
Milledgeville. 

Esoi'us, t. and p. v.. Ulster co., K. Y. : 57 m. S. by W. 
Albany. It has the Hudson r. on the E. and Pondout cr. 
on the N.'W. side. Surface uneven and broken ; soil, sandy 
clay and gravelly loam. The v. is located about 3 m. W. 
of the landing on the Hudson, aod contains about 30 dwell- 
ings. Pop. oft. i','>72. 

EsPEKANCE, t. and p. v., Schoharie co., A' Y. : 30 m. W. 
Albany. Drained by creeks of Schoharie r., which bounds 
it on the E., and affords considerable water-power. The v. 
is located near the N. E. corner of the co. on the right bank 
of the river, and contains about 800 inhab. Pop. oft. I,4".i8. 

Espv, p. v., Cohnnhia co., Penn.: on the right bank of 
Susqueh:uniar.,G2 m.N. by I'>. Harrisburg. Pop. about 200. 

EspvviLLE, p. v., Crawford co., J'cnii.: VJ6 m. N. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Essex county, Mass. Situate N. E., and contains 3GS 
sq. m. The Atlantic Ocean washes its E. line, ami Xew 
Hampshire lies on its N. border. Drained by the Merritnac 
and Shawsheen rivers. Surface uneven and rough, but the 
soil in nVmy parts good, and always well cultivated. It has 
an extensive coast, good harbors, an active commerce and 
fishing interest, and great wealth, and in mauufaclures is 
one of the most productive in tlie State. Farms 2,S16; 
manuf. 1,588; dwell. 1S.S73, and pop.— wh. 130. GS2, fr. col. 
61S— total 131,300. Capitals: Ipswich, Newburyport, and 
Salem. Public Works: Boston and Maine P. K, ; Jiastern 
P. P.; Newburyport P. P.; Salera and Lawren(j' P. P., etc. 

EsSKX county, A'! Jer. Situate toward the N. E., and 
contains 241 sq. m. Drained by Iributaries of the Passaic 
r.. by the Pahway r., and some others. Two chains of hills 
pass through it, and make its surface uneven and rough; 
soils generally red shale. It has immense hydraulic power 
and extensive ni-inufactures. Farms 1,745: manuf. S36; 
dwell. 10,9Ci4,and pop.— wh.71.7S3, fr. col. 2,101. and si. C — 
total 73,950. Capital: Newark. Public Works: Morris 
Canal ; Morris and Essex Pv. P. ; New Jersey P. P., etc. 

Essex county, X. Y. Situate N. E.. and contains 1.779 
sq. m. Surface hilly in the E., and mountainous in tlie AV. 
Mount Marcy, the highest culmination, rises to the height 
of 5,4G7 feet above the level of the sea. Lake Champlain 
lies on its E. border, along which is some good land. It is 
one of the richest mining counties of the Slate, abounding 
in iron ores, copper, manganese, etc. Farms \,s~2 ; manuf. 
199; dwell. 5,321. and pop.— wh. 31,098, and fr. cnl. 50— 
total 31.148. Capital: Elizabethtown. Puhlic Works: 
Plattsburg and "Whitehall P. P. (projected), etc. 

Essex county, I'« vm. Situate N. E. in the corner of the 
Slate, and contains 226 sq. ra. Draine<l by streams of the 
Connecticut, St. Lawrence, and Lake Memphremagog. 
The Connecticut makes it.s E. line. Surface rough: soils 
generally poor, except in the river valleys. The ctumty 
abounds in fine timber. Potatoes and oats are the chief 
product.s. Farms 602; manuf. 32 ; dwell, 846, and pop.— 
wh. 4,647, fr. col. 3— t«tal 4,650. Capital : Guild Hall. 
PuUic Works: Atlantic ami St. Lawrence P. P., etc. 

Essex county. T7/-f/. Situate E.. and contains 28ii sq- ni. 
Draincil by tributaries of the Uappahannock r.. wliieh make.^ 
its N. E. border. Surface somewliat uneven: soil, except 
on the streams, sandy, anrl not of average fertility. Its 
products are the grains, with some cotton and tnliacco. 
Farms 328; manuf. 17: dwell. 725, and pr>p.— wh. 3.0;;.j, fr. 
col. 419. si. C.762— ti>tal lit.2ti6. Capital: Tappahanuock. 

EssF-x. p. b., Mitidle?ex CO., Conn.: on the "W. side of 
Connecticut r., 7 m. from its mouth, and 31 m. S. S. E. 
Hartford. It is engaged in ?hip-buihling. and has a con- 
siderable coasting trade. Pop. aboui 1,000. 

205 



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Essex, t and p. v., Essex co., 3fass. : 27 m. N. E. Boston. 
Drained by Chebacco r. and other streams emptying into 
Squam Bay. The village lies near the centre of the lawn, 
and has about 850 inhabitants. Many small vessels are 
built in Essex, and numbers are employed in coasting and 
the fisheries. The manufactures of the town consist chiefly 
of boots and shoes, barrels, cordage, etc. P. ;p.1 ,565. 

Essex, t and p. o., Clinton co., Mick. : 23 m. N. by "W. 
Lansing. Drained by creeks of Maple r., on which there 
are several salt-works^ Pop. 410. 

Essex, t and p. v., Essex co., 2^. Y. : 108 m. N. by E. 
Albany. Drained by Boquet and other creeks of Lake 
Chaniptain, which makes its E. border. The village is 
located on the lake shore, and haa a pood steamboat land- 
ing, etc. It is a place of considerable trade, with ware- 
h*»U9es, stores, a ship-yard, and about 100 dwellings. The 
town is chiefly agricultural. Pop. 2.sril. 

Essex, p. o., Fulton county, Ohio: 131 m. N. W. by N. 
Columbus. 

Essex, t. and p. v., Chittenden co., F^rm. ; 31 m.W. N.TT. 
Wontpclier. Drained in the S. by Oniun r., and in the N. 
by Brown's r., a branch of Lamoille r. It has also several 
smaller streams. At Hubbell's Falls, on Onion r., are ad- 
mirable mill-sitea, at which considerable manufacturing 
operations are carried on. Surface varied by hill and dale : 
soii in the 9. and W. sandy, and covered with pine — in 
other parts a sandy and clay loam, with hard wood, and 
fertile. Along Onion r. are some tracta of beautiful inter- 
vale. The village near the centre contains about 20 dwell- 
ings. In the S. W. there is a new village, called Essex 
Junction, where the Burlington Branch diverges from the 
main hne of the Vermont Central E. E. Pop. oft. 2,097. 

Estblline Furnace, p. o., Augusta co., Virg.: lOS m. 
N. W. Eichmond. 

EsTKLViLLEj p. V., Atlantic co., y. Jer. : 51 m. S. by E. 
Trenton. 

Estill county, £y. Situate E. centrally, and contains 46S 
Bq. ra. Drained by creeks of Kentucky r., which flows 
through it in a north-west direction. The surface is rough 
and well-wooded, and the soils produce the usual staples of 
the State abundantly. Coal and Iron are also staples, and 
are produced and worked successfully. Farms f)04 ; manuf. 
2 ; dwell. 934, and pop.— wh. 5,56S, fi*. col. 6, si. 411— total 
5,9S5. Capital: Irvine. 

Estill's Mills, p. o., Platte CO., Mo. : 152 m. W. N. W. 
Jefferson City. 

Estillville, p. V,, and cap. Scott co., Virff. : on Mocassin 
cr. of the N. fork of Holston r., 292 m. W. 8. W. Eichmond. 
It contains a court-house and other co. oflSces, and about 40 
dwellings. 

Etueridge, p. c, Jones co., G(i. ; 28 ra.W. MUledgeviUe. 

Etna, t. and p. v., Penobscot county, Me. : 49 m. N. E. 
Augusta. Drained by a branch of Sebasticook r. Surface 
diversified : soil of average fertility, producing excellent 
wheat. The village lies on the line of the Kennebec and 
Penobscot E. E. Pop. of t. S02. 

Etna, p. o., Lapeer co., Mieh. : 66 m. E. N. E. Lansing. 

Etna. p. v., Tompkins county, 2^. Y. : on the right bank 
of Fall cr., 131 m. "W. by S. Albany, It has about 250 in- 
habitants. 

Etna. t. and p. v., Licking co., 0//to .* 16 m.E. Columbus. 
Drained by S. fork of Licking r. The village is located on 
the National Eoad. Pop. of 1.1,307. 

Etna, p. o., Hanover CO., Virg. 

Etna Centre, p. o., Penobscot CO., Me. : 47 m. N. E. 
Augusta. 

Etowah, p. o., Cass co., Ga. : on Etowah r.,a constituent 
of the Coosa, 123 m. N. W. Milledgeville. 

Etowah river, Ga. : one of the main constituents of 
Coosa r. It rises in Franklin co., and sweeps southerly 
through Cherokee and Cass counties, and into Floyd co., 
where it unites with the Oostanaula r., forming together the 
Coosa, a river of Alabama. 
206 



Etters, p. 0., Tork co., Penn. 

EuBANKS, p. 0., Columbia county, Ga. : 69 m. E. N. E. 
Milledgeville. 

EucLin, p. v., Onondaga co., N". Y. : S. of the outlet of 
Oneida Lake, 126 m.W. by N. Albany. 

Euclid, t and p. v., Cuyahoga county, Ohio: 132 m. 
N. E. by N. Columbus. Drained by creeks falling into 
Lake Erie, which washes its N. limits. Surface broken, 
and much of the soil of only average fertility. The village 
is located on the line of the Cleveland, PainesviUe, and 
Ashtabula K. E. Pop. oft. 1,447. 

EuFATTLA, p. v., Barbour co., Ala. : on the W. side of 
Chattahoochee r., at the mouth of Eufaula cr., 73 m. K. S. E. 
Montgomery. 

Eugene, p. v., Vermillion co., Tnd. : on the right bank 
of Big Vermillion r., about 3 m. above its confluence with 
Wabash r., anil 70 m. W. by N. ln<Iianapolis. It has a 
town-hall and several stores, with a population numbering 
300 souls. 

EunAKLET, p. v., Cass county, Oa. : 123 m. N. W. 
Milledgeville. 

Eulogy, p. c, Holmes county, Miss.: 60 m. N. by E. 
Jackson. 

EupiiEMiA, p. o., Preble county, Ohio: 92 m. W. by 8, 
Columbus. 

Eureka, p. v., Trinity co., Calif. : on the E. side of the 
N. division of Humboldt's Bay, ISO m. N. N. W. Vallejo. 

EuEEKA, p. v., "Winnebago co,, Wise: 73 m. N. N. E. 
Madison. 

Eureka Mills, p. o., Green co., Ohio: 53 m. VT. 8. "W. 
Columbus. 

EuTAw, p. v., and cap. Green co., Al^.: about 3 m. AV. 
of Black Warrior r., and 96 m. W. N. W. Montgomery. It 
contains a court-house and about 30 dwellings, and is situate 
in the midst of a fine elevated cotton region. 

Eutaw, p. o., De Soto co., 3fi^s. : 382 m N. Jackson. 

Eltaw Spkings, Charleston dist., S. Car. : a small afflu- 
ent of Santee r., on the borders of which was fought the 
famous battle of Eutaw Springs, Slh September, IT'?!, be- 
tween the Americans, under General Greene, and the Brit- 
ish, under General Stewart. American loss, 555, and British 
loss, about 1,000. 

Evans, t. and p. v., Erie co., A^ Y. : 281 m. W. Albany. 
Drained by Little and Big Sisters' creeks, flowing into Lake 
Erie, which makes its W. border. Surface hilly : soil gravel- 
ly loam and clay, adapted to the growth of grain and the 
grasses. The village is located on the lake, and has a good 
landing. Pop. of the town 2,1 S2. 

EvANsnuRGH, p. b., Crawford county, Fenn. : 203 m. 
N. W. by W. Harrisburg. 

EvANSBUocn, p. v., Coshocton co., 0?no: on the N. side 
of Tuscarawas r., and on the line of the Ohio Canal, 73 ra. 
E. N. E. Columbus. It has a fine commercial position, and 
contains several warehouses, stores, and about 120 dwell- 
ings. Pop. 800. 

Evans' Mills, p. c, Chatham co., K. Car. : 23 m. W. 
Ealeigh. 

Evanspoet, p. v.. Defiance co., Ohio: on the W. bank 
of Tiffin r., 122 m. N. W. Columbus. Pop. 165. [ 

EvANsviLLE, p. v., Eock couDty, Wise: 32 m. S. S. E. 
Madison. 

KvANSviLLE,p. v.,Waslungtonco., ^rX-. ; 143 m.W. N.W. 
Little Eock. 

EvANSviLLE, p. city, and cap. Vanderburgh co,, hul. : on 
the high N. bank of the Ohio r., 200 m. ft-om its month, and 
144 m. S. S. W. Indianapolis. It is the 9. terminus of the 
Wabash and Erie Canal, and also of the Evansville and 
Illinois E. E. — two facts which make it an important point 
at which a large commerce must necessarily concentrate; 
it is by far the largest town and the greatest depfit for prod- 
uce, merchandize, and travelers on the whole line of the 
Ohio r.. between Louisville and its mouth, a distance of 400 
miles. In 1S50 the exports and imports of the port amounted 



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to 17,000,000, and the arrival and departures of steamboats 
to 5,39S. This was before the completion of the canal and 
railroad. It contains the courts and offices of the co., a 
branch of the State Bank, the U. S. Marine Hospital, a mar- 
ket house, with numerous churclies, hotels, warehouses, 
stores, etc., and about 6,000 inhabitants. The public press 
of the city consists of two daily, one tri-weekly, and three 
weekly newspapers, two of the weeklies being; editions of 
the dailies. The dailies are the " E. Joimial," and the " E. 
Eepublican ;" the tri-weekly, the " Auzeizher ;" and the 
weeklies, the "Vanderburg Democrat," etc. Tlie vast de- 
posits of coal on the line of the canal will make Evansvillo, 
its terminus, one of the best points for fuel on the western 
waters. 

EvANSTiLLE, p. V., .TeffLTson CO., jV. 1' ; on the left side 
of Indian r., 13S m. N. \V. Alb;my. There are large mills 
at this place and vicinity. The projected Watertown and 
Potsdam U. E. will intersect it. 

Etansville, p. v., Kandolpli co., lU. : on the E. side of 
Kaskaskia River, 1 m. below Nine Mile cr., and 120 m. S. 
Springfield. 

Ev ANsviLLE, p. v., Preston co., Jlrg. : between Cheat and 
Yalley rivers, 1S6 m. N. W. Kichmond. 

Evening Suade, p. o., Lawrence county, A/-A: : 123 m. 
N. N. E. Little Kock. 

Everett's Spring, p. o., Floyd county, Ga. : 142 ra. 
N."W. by N. Milledgeville. 

EvEHCKEEN, p. v., Conecuh CO., Afa. : on an E. branch 
of Murder cr. of Conecuh r., T3 m. S. S. W. Motilgomery. 
The line of the Montgomery and Mobile K.K. will probably 
pass near or through this place. 

E\-ERiTTSTowN, p. v., llunterdou co., iV! Jer. : 31 m. 
N. by W. Trenton. 

EvEuiTTsviLLE, p. V., "Wayne co,, y. Car. : 49 m. S. E. 
Ealeigh. 

EvERTON, p. v., Fayette county, Iml. : 5S m. E. by S. 
Indianapolis. 

EwiNG, p. v., Ilocking co., OJiio: 42 m. S. E. Columbus. 

EwiNG, p. 0., Franklin co., JH. : on Ewing's Fork of Big 
Muddy r., 13S m. S. S. E. Springfield. 

Ewing's, p. o., Cumberland county, JV. Jer. ; 59 m. S. 
Trenton. 

EwixGTON, p. v., and cap. Effingham co., HI. : on the 
W. side of Little "Wabash r., 72 m. S. E. Springfield. The 
National Koad passes through the village. It has an ele- 
vated and pleasing site, and contains the co. offices, several 
stores, and about 60 dwellings. 

EwiscTON, p. v., Gallia co., 07no: S9 m. S. E. Columbus. 

EscuANGE, p. 0., "Warren co., iV. Car.: 49 m. N. N. E. 
Ealeigh. 

ExcHANGEViiXE, p. V., Mcrccr county, Pcnn.: 196 m. 
*W. N. W. Harrisburg. 

EsETER, p. v., Scott CO., lU. ,' on the S. side of Mauvaise- 
terrc cr. of Illinois r., 4T m. "W. by S. Springfield. It has 
several large mills and about 200 inhabitants. The site is 
one of the pleasantest in the State, and the surrounding 
country in a flourishing condition. 

ExETEE, t and p. v., Penobscot co., Me. : 59 m. N. E. by N. 
Augusta. Drained in the N. and E. by Kenduskeag r., and 
in the 8. by tributaries of the Scbasticook. Surface diver- 
sified : soil fertile, and productive of excellent wheat. The 
village Mes a little N. of the centre of the town, and is a 
small agricultural settlement. Pop. l,So3. 

Exeter, t., p. v., and cap. Rockingham co., 2^. ITamp. : 
82 m. E. S. E. Concord. Drained by tributaries of Piscata- 
qua r. ; surface level, and soil various, but in general of 
average fertility. The village lies on Squamscot or Exeter 
r., at the falls, at the head of tide water. Here is much 
valuable water-power, and vessels of considerable tonnage 
can approach to the foot of the falls. It contains a court- 
house, a jail, and other co. buildings, several churches and 
schools, among which is Phillips' Academy, founded and 
endowed by John PhilUps, LL.D., in 17S1, and at which 



many of the ablest jurors, statesmen, and literati of the State 
have received their early education. The town contains 
numerous manufacturing establishments, and has a news- 
paper, the "Exeter News-Letter," published weekly. The 
Boston and Maine R. R. passes through the place 50 m. 
from Boston. Pop. of town 3,329. 

The settlement of Exeter was commenced in 1G33 by 
John "W'heehv right and his companions, who formed them- 
selves into a body politic, chose their own magistrates, and 
bound the people to obedience. Their laws were made in 
popular assemblies, and the combination thus entered into 
subsisted about three years. 

Exeter, t. and p. v., <"Hsego co., K. K ; 64 m. "W. by N. 
Albany. Drained by Bullernut and Wharton's creeks, and 
Canaderaga Lake lies on its N. E. line. Surface elevated 
and hilly; soil, calcareous, mold, well adapted for grain- 
growing. The village, near the centre of liie town, contams 
u church and about 20 dwellings. Pop. of town 1.526. 

Exeter, t. and p. o., Monroe co.. MMi. : 73 m. S. E. 
Lansing. Drained by Slouey cr. Soil well adapted to grain 
and grasses. Pop. 45S. 

Exeter, t. and p. o., Luzerne co., Penn. : 97 m. N. E. by N. 
Harrisburg. Surface uneven; soil excellent Drained by 
G;irdner's cr. and Cascade Run, affluents of the Susque- 
hanna r. Shawney Ridge passes thrgugli it ; on the E. side 
anthracite abounds. In the S. parr of this town the famous 
battle of Wyoming was fought in 177s, Campbell's "Ger- 
trude of Wyoming" celebrates the horrors of the scene and 
cireumsl;uice. Pop. about 1,S00. 

Exeter, t. and p. v., Greene co., TTwc: 21 m. S. S. "W. 
Madison. The village is located on the W. side of Sugar 
ex., an affluent of Kock River. Pop. of t. 450. 

ExKiER, L and p. v., Washington county, P. I.: 22 m. 
B. S. W. Providence. Drained by Wood r. and its branch- 
es. Surface diversified by bills and valleys; soil gravelly 
loam and productive. The streams furnish fine water- 
piiwer, which is extensively used for ntannfacturing pur- 
poses. The village is a small settlement east of Ihe middle 
of the town. Pup. of town 1,635. 

Exeter Mills, p. o., Penobscot co., Me. : on Kenduskeag 
r., 62 m. N. E. by N. Augusta. 

Experiment Mills, p. o., Monroe county, Penn. : 105 m 
N. E. Harrisburg. 



F. 



Fader's Mills, p. v., Nelson co., Tiro. : S6 m. W. by N. 
Richmond. There are here several mills and a small village 
of IS or 20 dwellings. 

Fadius, 1. and p. v., Onondaga co., 2^. Y. : US m.W. by N 
Albany. Surface hilly and broken; soil moderalely fertile, 
and good for grass. The v. lies a little E.of Tloughnioga r., 
about 15 m. S. S. E. Syracuse. 

Fabu:s, p. 0., Hardy county, Virff. : 147 m. N. W 
Richmond. 

Faiju's river. Mo. : rises on Appanoose and Davis coun 
ties of Iiiwa by several branches, the largest nf which are 
North, Middle, and South Fabius rivers, running in a di- 
rection from N. W. to S. E., and uniting within a few miles 
of the Mississippi, into which their collecled waters fall 
opposite Quiney, in the State of Illinois. Tlie several branch- 
es have an average length of 100 miles, and ft)rm excellent 
mill-streams, but are navigable only for a short distanco 
from their mouths. 

Facility, p. o., M'Minn co., Teim. : 141 m. E. S. E. 
Nashville. 

Factor's Foes, p. o., Wayne co.. Tain.: 95 m. S. W. 
Nashville. 

Factory Hill, p. 0., Nansemond to., Virg. : 82 m. 8. E. 
Richmond. 

Factory Point, p. v., Bennington co., Vt-rin : near the 
head waters of Green r, abranch of Battcnkill,91 ra. S. S. E 

20T 



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Monlpclier. The 'Western Vermont K. R. passes through 
Manchester, about a mile to the W. of the village. 

Factoryvillk, p. v., Wyoming co., Penn.: on the left 
bank of Susquehanna r., 103 ra. N. N. E. Uarrisburg. 

Factobyvu-le, p. v., Richmond co., M. Y.: on the N. 
shore of Slaten Island, 138 m. S. Albany. It contains the 
extensive works of the New York Dyeing and Printing 
Company, which gives employment to several hundred 
persons, and are the largest of the kind in the Union. Pop. 
of the V. and neighborhood about 600. The NoHk Shore 
Post-office is located here. 

Factortville, p. v., Tioga co., 2^. Y. : on Cayuta cr., 149 
ra. W. S. W. Albany. It contains several mills and facto- 
ries, and about 50 dwellings. The Erie R. R. crosses the cr. 
a short distance below the village, 262 m. from New York. 

Faik Bluff, p. v., Columbus co., N. Car. : on the E. side 
of Lumber r., a branch of Little Peedee r., and at the point 
where the stream is crossed by the S. line of the State, 109 
m. S. Raleigh. The "Wilmington and Manchester E. R. 
passes the ^ illage 63 m. from Wilmington. 

Fairbckn, p. v., Fayette county, Ga. : 7T ra. W. by N. 
Milledgeville. The " La Grange R. K." passes it IB m. from 
Atlanta, and 69 from West Point 

Faiedale, p. v., Susquehanna co., Penn. : on a branch 
of Wyalusing cr., 112 m. N. N. E. Uarrisburg. 

Fair DealisQj p. c, Marshall co, Kij. : 221 m. W. S. W. 
Frankfort. 

Fairfax county, Yirg. Situate N. E., having the Potomac 
r. and Alexandria co. in itsN. E.,and E., and S.E. borders, 
and contains 46S sq. m. Occoquan oreek fumis its S. W. line. 
Drained by numerous tributaries of the Potomac. Surface 
hilly and broken, and much of the soil sterile, but in the 
main adapted to grass and grains. Farms 610; manuf. S; 
dwell. 1,3S0, and pop.— wli. G,S35, fr. col. 597, si. 3,250— 
totall0,6s2. Capital: FairfjLX Court-house. PuMicWorls: 
Orange and Alexandria E. R. ; Manassas Gap R. E., etc. 

Fairfax, p. v., Culpepper co., Virg. {See Cclpeppee 
Court-house). 

Faiufax, t. and p. v., Franklin county, Verm. : S7 m. 
N. W. by N. Montpelier. Drained by Lamoille r. and its 
tributaries, which afford good water-power; the falls of the 
Lamoille r., which is here a large stream, are valuable for 
manufacturing purposes. Surface generally level ; soils 
light, easily tilled, and tolerably fertile. The v. is located on 
the N. side of the Lamoille, opposite the mouth of Brown's 
river. Pop. of town 2,1 1 2. 

Fairfax, p. v., Monroe co., Irid. : on the right bank of 
Salt cr., 51 m. S. by W. Indianapolis. It is a flourishing 
place, with several mills, and about 300 inhabitants. The 
New Albany and Salem E. R. passes it about 2 m. to the W. 

Fairfax Court-uousr, Fairfax co., Virff. : at the head 
of Accatink r.. S9 m. N. Richmond. It contains the court- 
house, and other co. buildings, several stores and mechanic 
shops, and about 800 inhabitants ; and a newspaper, the 
** Fairfax News," is issued weekly. The Orange and Alex- 
andria E. R. runs S. of the v. about 3 m. distant. 

Fairfield county, Conn. Situate S. W., and contains 
630 sq. m. It is bounded by the Ilousatonic r., Long Island 
Sound, and the New York State line. It has 40 m. of coast 
on the Sound, and many good harbors. Drained by nu- 
merous tributaries of the Ilousatonic, and by Pequannock, 
Mill, Norwalk, Saugatuck, and other streams flowing into 
the Sound. The Ilousatonic is navigable to Derby. Sur- 
face agreeably diversified, and the soil strong, productive, 
and well cultivated. Farms 3,155 ; manuf. 492 ; dwell. 
10.S17, and pop.— wh. 5S.37(), fr. col. 1.4n5— total 59.7T5. 
Capitals: Fairtleld and Banbury. PuhUe Work.f: New 
York and New Haven R. E. ; Housatonic R. E. ; Danbury 
and Norwalk E. E., etc. 

Fairfield county, Ohio, Situate centrally, and contains 
520 sq. m. Surface elevated, sloping toward the Muskin- 
gum r. on one side, and the Seiolo r. on the other. The 
land is gonrrally level, interspersed occasionally with conical 
20S 



hills, and the soil is well adapted to grain culture. In the 
S. the country is more hilly, and perhaps of less average 
fertility than in the N. sections. The drainage is chiefly 
through the Ilockhocking r. Farms 2,3S8; manuf. 162; 
dwell. 5,207, and pop.— wh. 29,9S4, and fr. col. 2^0— total 
8U,2&4. Capital: Lancaster. PuUic Works: Ohio Canal, 
and Hooking Canal, which form a tmion at CarroU; Cin- 
cinnati, StubeuviUe, and Pittsburg R. R., etc., etc. 

Fairfield district, S. Car. Situate centrally, and con- 
tains 796 sq. m. Drained by Little r. and other affluent^ 
of Broad r., which makes its W. and S. W. border, and by 
creeks of Wateree r., which runs along its N. E. border. 
Surface declining southward, but generally level ; soil light 
aud fertile, producing vast cotton crops, with some of the 
grains. Farms 675; manuf. 80; dwell, 1,2S2, and pop. — 
wh. 7,076, fr. col. S2, si. 14,246— total 21,404. CapitiU : 
Winnsboro', Public Works: Charlotte and South Caro- 
lina R. R. 

Fairfield, p. v., Pickens co., Ala.: on the W. bank of 
Little Tombigbee r., 122 m. W. N. W. Montgomery. 

Fairfield, t., p. v., port of entry, and cap. Fairfield co., 
Conn. : 56 m. S. W. Hartford. Drained by Mill r. and 
other streams falling into Long Island Sound, which bounds 
it on the S. Surface pleasantly undulating; soil fertile and 
well cultivated, producing grain and a large amount of gar- 
den vegetables. The t. is divided into 3 parishes, Fairfield, 
Green's Farms, and Greenfield, which are also names of 
villages. The principal v. lies about IJ m. from Black Rock 
Harbor, which, next to that of New London, is one of the 
best on the Sound ; it is built chiefly on one street, with a 
green or square in the centre, and contains a court-house, 
jail, and about 140 dwellings, and has several stores and 
mechanic shops. Greenfield is pleasantly situate in the 
N. W. part of the town, and is the scene of Dr. Dwiglit's 
fine poem of " Greenfield Hill." Fairfield is the port of 
entry of Fairfield District, and in 1S50 owned a tonnage of 
24.829 tons, of which S6S tons were of permanent register, 
and the remainder enrolled and licensed, the latter engaged 
in the coasting trade. The foreign entrances in 1S49-50 
were 10 vessels, and 6,S95 tons ; and the clearances, 56 ves- 
sels, and 6,322 tons ; and one ship of 239 tons was built in 
the same year. There is a light-house on Fairweather 
Island, a little E. of the entrance to the harbor. Pop. of t 
3.613. The Indian name of Fairfield was " Unqnoica.''^ 
The V. was destroyed by Governor Tryon in 1779, as was 
also the v. of Green's Farms. The New York and New 
Haven E. R. passes through it. 

Fairfield, p. v.. Nelson co., Ky. : on a branch of Salt r., 
36 m. AV. S. W. Frankfort. 

Faikfielo, p. v., Franklin CO., TtmZ. ; on the E. side of the' 
E. fork of Wliite Water r.. 06 m. E. by S. Indianapolis. It 
is a flourishing v., and has about 200 inhabitants. 

Fairfield, p. v., and cap. Wayne co., Hi, : on the bor- 
ders of Hargrave's Prairie, 126 ra. S. E. Springfleld. It has 
a handsome brick court-house and other co. buildings, and 
contains several stores and about 250 inhabitanLs. Large 
quantities of castor-oU are manufactured here and in the 
neighborhood. 

Fairfield, p. v., and cap. JeflTerson co., Ta. : on a branch 
of Big Cedar cr, of Skunk r., 49 ra. S. S. W. Iowa City. It 
is the seat of a TTnited States Land OflSce, and two news- 
papery, the " Iowa Sentinel'' (dem.). and the '*F. Ledger" 
(whig), are published weekly. The Dubuque and Keo- 
kuk E. E., as projected, will make this village one of its 
stations. Pop. 1,200. 

Fairfield, t and p. v., Somerset CO., Me.: 22m.N.byE. 
Augusta. Drained by several creeks of Kennebec r., which 
makes its E. boundary, and is navigable for boat.** down to 
Augusta, where it meets sloop navigation. Surface elevated 
and hilly; soil good, and adapted to grazing. The v. is a 
small agricultural settlement, in the S. part of the town, 
about .3 m. W. of the Kennebec. Pop. of t. 2.452. 

FAiKFiiiLD, t and p. o., Lenawee co.. Midi.: in the S, 



FAI 



FAI 



part of the co., 74 m. S. S. E. Lansing. It is drained by 
tear cr. of Kaisin r. P>p. 1:J2. 

Fairfield, t, and p. v., Herkimer county, X. T. : 73 m. 
"W". by N. Albany. Drained by W. Canada cr. Surface 
hilly and rough; soii clayey, fertile, and well adapted to 
grazing. The v. contains 3 churches, an academy, several 
stores and mechanic shops, and about yoo inhabitants. 
Here was located the Western College of Physicians and 
Surgeons, founded 1812, but now discontinued. Pop. 1,C4C. 

Fairfield, p. v., Greene co.. Ohio: on the S. K. side of 
Mad r, and on the line of the Mad r. and Lake Erie E. E., 
65 m. W. by S. Columbus. It contains several mills and 
tanneries, various mechanic shojts, and alxnit 1*20 dwell- 
ings. The plain on which the v. is located is circumscribed 
by a line of gentle hills. 

Fairfield, p. v., A<lam3 co., Pnm.: on the S. side of 
Middle cr. of Monocacy r., 6 m. W. of Gettysburg, and 43 
ni. S. W. Harrisburg. 

Fairfield, p. v., Bedford co., Tejin. : 47 m. S. by E. 
Nashville. 

1'airfield, p. v., Rockbridge co., Virg. : on a branch 
of South r., 99 m. W. by N. Kichniond. It contains about 
130 inhabitants. 

Fairfield, t. and p. v., Franklin county, Venn. : 41 m. 
N. N. W. Montpelier. Drained by Fairfield r., Black cr., 
etc.. affluents of Missisqui r., and abounding in mill-sites. 
Surface uneven ; soil fertile, and goo<l for tillage, with ex- 
tensive pasturage. The v. on Foirfiehi r. contains several 
mills and factories, and about 220 inhabitants. Population 
of town 2,5^1. 

Fairfield, p. c, Walworth county, Wise. : 57 m. S. E. 
Madison. 

Fairfield, p. v., Hyde county, JV. Caj'. : 153 m. E. 
Ealeigh. 

FaiRheld, p. v., Benton co., 3fo. : on the left bank of 
Pomme de Terre r., a branch of the Osage, 73 m. W. S. W. 
JelTerson City. 

Fairfield Corners, p. c, Somerset co., Me, : on the W. 
bank ofKennebec r., 28 ra. N. by E. Augusta. 

Fair Forest, p. o., Desha co., Ark. : at the head of AbeeKs 
cr., 73 m. S. E. Little P.ock. 

Fair Garden, p. o., Sevier county, Tenn. : 179 m. E. 
Nashville. 

Fair Grove, p. o., Davidson co., X. Car.: 83 m. W. 
Kaleigh. 

Fair Haten, p. r., New Haven co., Cfmii. : on both 
sides of Quinnipiac r., and 37 m. S. by W. Hartford. A 
bridge unites the two parts of the v. ; also the viaduct of the 
New Haven and New London R. E., which passes through 
the place 2 m. E. New Haven. It contains about l.noo 
inhabitants, numbers of whom depend on the oyster trade 
and coast fishing for subsistence. A large portion of the 
oysters sold in New York are from Fair Haven. 

Fair Haten, t. and p. v., Bristol co., Mass.: 51 m. P. 
Boston, and immediately E. of New Bedford, from which 
it is separated by Acushnet r., oyer which is a bridge 3,960 
feet in length. The v. contains several churches, a bank, 
etc., and has considerable shipping, chiefly engaged in the 
whale fisheries. In 1S50, 9,491 bis. sperm, and 14,145 bis. 
whale oil were brought into port by 13 ships. The Acushnet 
sfTords good water-power, and numerous mills and facto- 
ries are located on its banks. Pop. of town 4,304. 

Fair Haven, p. v., Preble co., Ohio: on an affluent of 
Miami r., 9S m. W. by S. Columbus. There are numerous 
mills in the vicinity, and the village contains about 45 
dwellings and 250 inhabitants. The Four Mile Valley R. R. 
intersects the place. 

Fair Haven, t and p. v., Rutland co., Verm.: 57 m. 
S.W. by S. Montpelier. Drained by Castlcton and Pulincy 
rivers, which unite on the S. border of the town, and about 
13 m. before entering East Bay of Lake Champlain. On 
Caslleton r. are falls which produce a fine water-power. 
Surface diversified ; soil fertile and well cultivated. Bom- 

02 



bazine Lake makes the E. boundary' of the town. The v. on 
the N. side of Caslleton r. is intersected by the Saratoga and 
Washington R. R., 8 m. E. of Whitehall. Pop. oft. yii>. 

Fair Haven, p. v., Carroll co., 7^^. ; 152 m. N. by W. 
Springfield. It is located on a fine elevated site at tho 
sources of Little Rock river. 

Fair Hill, p. o., Cecil co., Md.: on the W. side of Big 
Elk r., 55 m. N. E. Annapolis. 

Fair Hill, p. o., Marshall county, Virg. : 234 m. N. W. 
Richmond. 

Fair Land, p. o., Livingston co., Mo.: 116 m. N. W. 
Jefi'erson City. 

Fairlee, t. and p. v.. Orange co., Vet^n. : 33 m. S. E. 
Montpelier. Drained chiefly by Fairlee Pond, the outlet 
of which empties into the Connecticut r., which forms its E. 
boundary. Surface moimtainous, and the land rough and 
below the average ft-rtilily. Timbered chiefly with pine 
and hemlock. The v. lies on the Connecticut, and is inter- 
sected by the Connecticut and Passumsic River R. R.,22 m. 
above While River Junction. Abridge across the river con- 
nects it with the town of Oxford. Pop.;575. 

Fairmont, p. v., and cap. Marion co., Virff. : on the 
Monongahela r., 194 m. N. W. Richmond. It is a thriving 
village, witli considerable trade, and located at the point 
where the Baltimore and Ohio R. R. crosses the Mononga- 
hela. Pop. about 300. The " Democratic Banner," a 
weekly newspaper, is published here. 

Fair Mount, p. v., Onondaga co., 2^. Y. : immediately 
W. of the village of Geddes. on a stream emptying into ^iino 
Mile cr. near its mouth, 124 m. W. by N. Albany. The 
Rochester and Syracuse R. R. passes a Utile N. of the village. 

Fair Mount, p. o., Hunterdon co., 2^. Jer. 

Fair Mount, p. o., Miami co., Ohio : 66 m. W. by N. 
Ccdumbus. 

Fair Mount, p. o., Cass county, Ga. : 12*j m. N. W. 
Milledgeville. 

Fair Mount Springs, p. v., Luzerne co., T'e7in.: 77 m. 
N. N. E. Harrisburg. 

Fair Play, p. o., Hot Springs co., Ark. : 87 m. S. W. 
Little Rock. 

Fair Plat, p. o., Morgan county, Ga. : 46 m. N. by W. 
Milledgeville. 

Fair Plat, p. v., Greene co., Ind. : on the W. bank of 
the W. fork of White r., 64 m. S. W. Indianapolis, and on 
the line of the Wabash and Erie Canal. It contains about 
40 dwellings, and has a thickly-settled neighborliood. 

Fais Plat, p. o., Grant co.. Wise. : 67 m. B.W. Madison. 

Fair Play, p. 0., Benton county, Ala. : 97 m. N. E. 
Montgomery. 

Fair Play, p. o., Panola county, 7kw. ; 24S m. N. E. 
Austin City. 

Fair P(unt, p. o., Cooper county. Mo.: 47 ni. W. by N. 
Jefi'erson City. 

Fairport, p. v., Muscatine co., la. : on the right bank of 
the Mississippi r., 7 m. E. by N. of Muscatine, and 40 m. 
E. by S. Iowa City. 

Fairport, p. v., Chemung CO., 2^. T. : on the Chemung 
Canal, at the junction of the feeder, 6 m. N. EImira,and 153 
m.W. S. W. Albany. It contains several large warehuuscs, 
numerous stores and mechanics' shops, and 600 inhabitants. 

Fairport, p. o., Lake CO., Ohio: on the E. side of Grand 
r., at its confluence with Lake Erie,14S m.N. E.Columbus. 
It has a good harbor for lake craft, and is connected by a 
railroad 3 ni. with Painesville, of which it is the port. It 
has considerable business, and a population of about 250 
inhabitants. 

Fairton, p. v., Cumberland co., 2^'Jer. : at the union of 
Mill cr. and Rattle-snake r., which flow into Cohansey cr.,Cl 
m. S. Trenton. It contains about 250 inhat)ilanl3. The 
vicinity is a fertile region, and has a flue bed of marl, which 
is used as a fertilizer. 

Fairview, p. o., Washington co. Md. : 91 m. W. N. W 
Annapolis. 

209 



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I Montgomery co., Penn.: 93 



FAinriEw, p. v., Franklin county, Ga.: 95 m. N. E. 
Milled gc'ville. 

Faikview, p. v., Eandolph cc, Tnd. : 6T m. E. by N. 
Indianapolis. 

Fairview, p. v., Fulton county, 111: 63 m. N. N. "W. 
Springfield . 

Fairview, p. o., Jones co., la.: 2 m. S. of Anamosa, on 
"Wapsipinicon r., 31 in. N. N. E. Iowa City. 

Faihview, p. v., Todd county, Ky. : 161 m. S. "W. 
Frankfurt. 

FAinviEW, p. o., Concordia par., La.: 72 ra. N. N. W. 
Baton Kouge. 

Faieview, p. 0., Pettis co., Mo. : on Muddy cr., a branch 
of Kiviere a la Mine, 62 m. W. Jefferson City. 

FArRviBW, p. 0., Buncombe co., 2ff. Car,: 226 m. "W 
Eale=gh. 

Fairtiew, p. v., Cattaraugus co., N. Y. : 227 m.'W. by S. 
Albany. 

Fairttett, p. v., Guernsey co., Ohio: 92 m. E. by N 
Columbus. Pop. 444, 

Fairvibw, t, and p. v., Erie co., Penn. : 222 m. N. "W. 
Earrisburg. I»raincd by Elk and Walnut creeks of Lake 
Erie, which forms us N. boundary. Surface hilly: soil, a 
gravelly loam and fertile. The v. lies at the mouth of Wal- 
nut cr. on tJie lake, and is passed by the Cleveland, Paines- 
ville, and Ashtabula E. K. It is accessible to lake craft, and 
has some trade. The town has numerous mills, and 1,713 
inhabitants. 

Fairview, p. v., Greenville dist., S. Car. : 79 m. N. W. 
Columbia. 

Fairview, p. v. Marion county, Te7in. : 93 m. S. E. 
Nashville. 

Fairview, p. v., Uancock co., Tirff. : 264 m. N. "W 
Eichmond. 

Fairview Village, p. 
m. E. Harrisburg. 

Fairville, p. v., "WajTie co,, JV; 5'.; US m. "W. by N. 
Albany. Pop. 240. 

Fairvtlle, p. v., Chester co., Penn. : 73 m. W. by S. 
Harrisburg. 

Fair Water, p. c. Fond du Lac co., Wise. : on the W. 
edge of the co., 52 m. N. N. E. Madison. 

Fairweathek, p. 0., Adams co., III. : 79 m. W. by N. 
Springfield. 

Faison's Dep6t, p. 0., Puplin co., X. Car. : on the line 
of the Wilmington and Weldon P. P., 64 m. from Wilming- 
ton, and 9S m. from Weldon — 51 m. S. E. Raleigh. 

Falkland, p. v., Pitt co., y. Car. : on a small affluent 
of Tar r., 66 m. E. Raleigh. 

Fallassburgh, p. v., Kent co., 3fich. : 5S2 m. W. N. W. 
I*ansing. 

Fall Creek, p. o., Marion county, Ind. : on the cr. so 
called, N. by E. of Indianapolis. 

Fall creek, y. Y. : rises in Cayuga co., and flows through 
a part of Tomjikins co. into tlie head of Cayuga Lake, near 
the V. of Ithaca. This is a valuable and romantic stream, 
there bein^ pielurosqui^ f.dls affording fine water-power. 

Fall creek, lud. : rises in Henry co., and runs S. W. 
through Madison, Hamilton, and Henry counties, 75 m., into 
■White r. above Indianapolis. It is one of the best raill- 
Btreams of the State. It is the Indian " Soo-sooc-pa-ha-loc," 
or Spilt-iontfir., so called from its falls near Pendleton, where 
it descends 25 feet in a mile, and at one place falls about 8 
feet. Many of its water privileges are very valuable. 

Fallen Timber, p. o., Camltria co., Peitn. 

Falling Brldgr, p. o., Campbell co., Vlrg. : on Falling 
cr. of Roanoke r., S4 m. W. S. W. Richmond. 

Falling Creek, p. o., Wayne eo., y. Car. : on a cr. of 
Neuse r. so called, 49 m. S. E. Raleigh. 

Falling Mill, p. o., Moore co.. Ji. Car.: 53 m. S. W. 
Ealeigh. 

Falling Spring, p. o., Greenbrier co., Firy. ; 156 ra. W. 
ElchmGQvL 
210 



Falling SpRtNG, p. o., Clark co., Miss. : S7 m. E. by S. 
Jackson. 

Falling Water, p. o., White co., Tetm. : 66 m. E. by S. 
Nashville. 

Falling SYateks, p. o., Berkeley co., Virff. : on the S. 
bank of the Potomac r., 141 m. N.N. W. Richmond. 

Fall IIiver, p. o., Columbia eo., IVisc. : on Fall r., a 
tribuUary of liock r., 33 m. N. E. Madison. 

Fall River, t., p. v., and port of entry, P.ristol co., Mass. .* 
46 m. S. Boston. Drained by streams falling into Taunlou 
r. and Mount Hope Bay, a branch of Narraganset Bay. 
Surface elevated, rough, and uneven. The t. takes its name 
from Fall r., the outlet of Watuppa Pond, at the union of 
which with Taunton r. the great manufacturing village of 
Fall River is located. This t. is without a parallel on the 
American Continent in regard to its combined facilities for 
navigation and hydraulic power. Fall r. rises 2 m. E. of 
the V. in Watuppa Pond, which is 11 m. long and 1 ra. 
broad, ori=i;inaling in perennial springs. The descent of the 
r. to Taunton r. is 136 feet, and the volume of water con- 
stant and of sufficient power for the largest manufactures. 
The harbor on Taunton r. is safe and easy of access, and of 
depth suflicient for ttic largest ships. It is one of the great 
nanufacturing centres of the State, and has extensive cotton 
mills, woolen factories, print-works, bleacheries, boot and 
shoe factories, foundries, etc., etc. ; it has also several banks 
and insurance offices. In 1S49-50, the foreign entrances 
were 7S vessels (12,739 tons) ; and clearances, 87 vessels 
(r),479 tons). It has also a large coasting trade, and is en- 
gaged in the whale and other fisheries. The tonnage owned 
in the district in 1S50 was 13,103 tons, of which 2,251 tons 
were registered, 10,743 enrolled and licensed, and 103 li- 
censed (under 20 tons). In the whale fisheries there were 
92S tons employed, in coasting, 10,701 tons, and in the end 
fishery, 47 tons ; and the shipping propelled by steam 
amounted to 4,7S4 tons ; and 1 ship, 3 schooners, and 1 
steamer (in the aggregate 1,254 tons), were buUt in the year 
next preceding. The port is connected with New York by 
a regular steam line, and with Boston by the Fall River 
R. R., etc. Two newspapers, the " Weekly News'' (dem.), 
and the '' F. R. Monitor," are issued weekly, circulating 700 
to SOO copies each. Pop. in 1S20, 1,594; in 1S30, 4,159; in 
1340, 6,73S; and in lS5il, 11,522. 

Fall River, p. o., Marshall co., Ala. : on an affluent of 
Tennessee r. so called, 133 ra. N. Montgomery. 

Falls county, Tex. Situate centrally on the Upper Bra- 
zos r., and contains about 940 sq. ra. Erected since 1S50. 

Falls, p. o., Lincoln county, y. Car. : 132 m. W. by S. 
Ealeigh. 

Falls, t. and p. o., Wyomins: co., Penn. : 93 m. N. N. E. 
Harrisburg. Drained by Buttermilk Falls cr. of Susque- 
nanna r., the latter of which makes the W. border of the t 
Surface hilly ; soil productive in grain, grass, etc., and there 
is abundance of timber. The cr. has here a perpendicular 
fall of 30 feet, and affords immense hydraulic power 

Fallsburgii, L and p. v.. Sullivan co.. .V. Y. : 79 m. S. W. 
Albany. Drained by Neversink r. and the bead branches 
of Rondout cr. Surface hilly; soil gravelly loam, fertile, 
and well adapted for grain and grass. The v. is located on 
Neversink r., which here furnishes a fine water-power. It 
contains several mills, stores, etc., and about 200 inhab- 
itants; :md in the t. there are numerous others. Pop. of 
town 2,626. 

Fallsburgii. t and p. o.. Licking county, Ohio: 43 m. 
E. N. E. Columbus. Drained by a branch of Muskingum 
r, which affords great water-power. Surface diversified; 
soil rich and fertile, producing fine wheat, etc. Pop. 1,206. 

Falls Chorcu, p. o., Fairfax county, Virg. : 134 m. N. 
Richmond. 

Fallsinqton, p. o., Bucks co., Penn. 

Falls of Blane, p. o., Lawrence eo.. Ay.." at the falls 
on Blane r., an affluent of Big Sandy r., 142 m. E. by S. 
FrankforL 



FAL 



FAR 



Falls of Korcn, p. o., Grarson co., Ky, : at the falls of 
Rough or., an affluent of Green r., 97 m.W. S.W. Frankfurt, 

Falls of St. Croix, p. o., St, Croix co., Wi-ic: on St, 
Croix r., 22S m. N. "W. Madison. 

Falls of ScnuTLKjLL, p. o., Philadelphia co., Petin.: 91 
m. E. Harrisburg. 

Fallston, p. v., Hartford county, Md. : 4C m. N. N. E. 
Annapolis. 

Fallston, t. and p. o., Beaver CO., Pcnn.: 194ra.W. by N. 
ITarrishurg. Situate on the "W. bank of ]ji<; Beaver r., which 
affords good water-power. It has several ruiUa and fac- 
tories. 

Fallstown, p. v., Iredell county, iV': Car.: 123 m. "W. 
Ealeigh. 

Falls Village, p. v., Litelifii-ld oo., (TV/????.; on the E. 
side of Hou?atonic r., a little belcw the Falls, 41 m. E. by N. 
Ilartford. It contains several manufaoturini; establish- 
ments. The Ilousatonic K. E. passes through the place, (i7 
m. from Bridgeport, 

FALMOrrn, p. v., and cap. Pendleton co., iTy. ; on the 
left bank of Licking r., which is joined by a main braneli 
from the S. W. It contains a court-Iiouse and otlier eo, 
buildings, several stores, and about 400 inhabitants. It has 
considerable river traffic, 

Falmoititi, t. and p. o., Cumberland co., Mn'. : 6 ni. N. 
Portland, and 51 m. S. "W. Augusta. Drained by Presam- 
seut r., its N. E. shore resting on Casco Bay. Surface level ; 
soil generally fertile. It has a considerable aninunl of ship- 
ping employed in coasting and the fisheries. Tlie Atlnnlie 
and St. Lawrence E. E., and the Portland and Kennebec 
E. E, pass through the town. Pop. 2.1G4. 

FALMomi, p. v., Fayette county, Ind. : 46 m. E. by S. 
Indianapolis, 

Falmouth, t. and p. o., Barnstable co., Mitss. : 151 m. 
S. by E. Boston. It is situated on the S. W. corner of Cfipe 
Cod, between Buzzard's Bay and Vineyard Sound. Surface 
level : soil lighl, but generally fertile. It has several good 
harbors, of wliich Wood's Hole, in the S. "W., is the best, 
and has from 3 to 6 fathoms of water. It has consideral)le 
shipjiLTig employed in the coasting trade and the fisheries. 
There are numerous salt ponds, and the salt works of the 
town are very productive. Two streams furnish water- 
power. On these are several mills and factories; but the 
great interest of the I. is on the seas. The villages are dis- 
tinguished by their localities in North and West and East 
Falmouth, etc. Pop. of the t. 2,519, 

FALMOLTn, p. v., Lancaster co., Pe7i n. : on the E. bank of 
Susquehanna r., where it receives Conewaga cr., and «n 
the line of the Main Division of the Pennsylvania Canal, 
13 m. S. E. Harrisburg. It contains about 200 inhabitants. 

Falmoutu, p. v., Stafford co., Vi'/y.: at the foot of the 
falls of Eappahannock r.. 54 m. N. Eiehmond. It lies nearly 
opposite Fredericksburg, with which city it is connected by 
a bridge. It has a large number of flouring and other 
mills, various mechanic shops and stores, and about COO 
inhabitants. 

Fause WAsnrrA river, Ind. Ter. : a trib. of Ecd river. 

Fame, p. o., Choctaw co., Mhs. : S3 m. N. N. E. Jackf^un. 

Fancy Bluff, p. o., Glynn county, Ga. : 107 m. S. K. 
Milledgeville. 

Kancv Farm, p. o., Graves co., Kij. : 2U m. W. S. W. 
Frankfort. 

Fanty GnoTE, p. o., Bedfonl co., Vir(/. : US m,W. by S. 
Eiclimond. 

Fancy Hill, p. o., Iredell county, Al Cur.: 129 ra. W. 
Ealeigh. 

Fancy Hill. p. o., Murray county, Gi(.: ICG m. N. W. 
Millcdgeville. 

Fancy Hill, p. o., Eockbridge co., Vir{/. : 122 m.W. by N. 
Eiehmond. 

FANNETTSBTTRcn, p. b., Franklin co., Peim. : on the W. 
bank ofConccocheague r.,57 nuW.by S. Harriiburg. Coal 
and iron ores are abundant in tliis region. 



Fannin county, Tkc. Situate N.. and contains 9*50 sq. m. 
The Eed r. makes the N. boundary, and its tributaries, 
Bois d'Arc r. and other streams, drain the northern ami 
central (larts of the county. The S. E. is draine<I ]>y the N. 
fork of Suli)hur r., and the S. W. by the head branches of 
the K. fork ofTrinity r. Surface level or undulating, except 
along the Eed r., the magins of which are traversed by 
ranges of low hills or bluffs. Dense forests overshadow the 
southern portion of the co. ; the remainder, with the ex- 
ception of the woody fringes of the streams, is open prairie, 
of which tlie soil is generally a deep black adhesive mold, 
and very fertile. Iron ore is abundant. Farms 331 ; 
manuf. 2 ; dwell. 54S, and pop.— wh. 3,2C0, fr. col. 0, si. 52S 
— total 3,7SS. Capital : Bonham. 

Faklev, p. v., Culpepper co., Virff. : 73 m. N. N. W, 
Eiehmond. 

Fari-ow'b Grove, p. o., Mercer co.. IN.: on the N. side 
of Edward's r., an affluent of the Mi8sissi[)p), SS m. N. W. 
Springfield. 

Fai{.\ikb, p. o., Seneca po., Al T • in Farmersvillc, a 
pleasant village about 2 m. W. fi-om Caytrga Laki^ 153 m. 
W. Albany. 

F.MiMEK, t. and p. o., Defiance co., OJiio: 132 m. N. W. 
Columbus. Drained by tributaries of Maumee r. Surface 
diversified by hill and dale; soil a rich loam, producing 
grain and grass abundantly. Pop. ^OJ. 

Farmek's, p. o., Merriwether co„ Ga. : in Farmersville, a 
village S.^ m. W. by S. Milledgeville. 

Farmf.r's, p. o., Fleming county, Ay.: 72 m. E. by N. 
FraukforL 

Fahmkr's, p. o., York co.. P(?u?. 

Farmers and Mf-ciianics' Mills, p. o., Jackson CO., G(i. : 
SI m.N. by W. Milledgeville. 

Farmer's Branch, p. o., Dallas co., Tea!.: on a branch 
of Trinity r., ISS m. N. by E. Austin City. 

Farmersuukgh, p. v., Clayton county, la. : S4 m. N. 
Iowa City. 

Farmer's Creek, p. o.. Lapeer eo., Mic/i, : on a branch 
of Flint r. so called, 63 m. E. by N. Lansing. 

Farmf.r*s Grove, p. o., SoulUamptou co., Virg.: 07 m. 
S. by E. Eiehmond. 

Farmer's Grove, p. o., Greene co., TIT.sx'. ; 33 m. S. S.W. 
Madison. 

Farmer's Hall, p. o.. Knox county, 77/. ; about G m. 
W. by S. Kno.wille, and &1 m. N. N. W. Springfield. 

Farmer's Hill, p. o., Duchess co.. A^ Y. 

Farmer's Mills, p. o., Putnam co., X. Y. : 7s m. S. by E. 
Albany. 

Farmer's Valley, p. o., M'Kean co., Ptiui. : 147 m. 
N. W. Harrisburg. 

Farmersville, p. v., Lowndes co., Ahi. : on the Cahawba 
and Greenville Turnpike, 3S m. S. W. Montgomery. 

Fakmersvillf., p. v., and cap. Union par.. La.: on the 
N. side of Bayou d'Arbonne, 173 m. N. W. Baton Eougo. 
It contains a court-house, jail, and about 200 inhabitants. 

Farmersville, p. v., Posey co., Tnd. : about 3 m. N. of 
Mount Vernon, and 151 m. S. W. Indianapolis. 

Farmersville, t. and p. v., Cattaraugus co., K Y.: 229 
m. W. by S. Albany. Situate on a watershed dividing the 
waters falling into Lake Ontario on the N., into Lake Erie 
on the W., and into the Alleghany r. on tlte S..the waters of 
the latter ultimately falling into the Gulf of Mexico, and 
tlinse of the former into the Atlantic Ocean through the St. 
l>awrenec r. The v. contains about 200 inhabitants. Pop. 
of the 1. 1,554. 

Farmersville, p. v., Caldwell co., Ky. : 103 m.W. S. W. 
Frankfort. 

Faemeilstille, p. v., Montgomery county, Ohio: 7S m. 
W. l>y S. Columbus. 

Farmefj^ville, p. v., Dodge co., Wise. : on a branch of 
Eoek r., 57 m. N. E. Madison. 

Farm Hill, p. o., Poinsett county, Ark.: 104 m. N. E. 

Little P.ock 

211 



FAR 



FAW 



Farminudalk, p. v., Queens ca, jV. }'..• oii the line of Ihe 
Long IsliinJ 11. U., 31 m. from New York City, iinJ Vol ni. 
8. by E. Albany. 

Farminouam, p. v., Orleans co., A' Y. : 233 m. W. by N. 
Albany. 

Farminotos, (. and p. o., Hartford county, Conn. ; 9 m. 
W. by S. Hartford. Drained by ^^mxi3 or FarmJngton r. 
Surface hilly and varied; soil generally fertile, butlisbt and 
sandy. Kouud Hill, near tbe villajje, rises abruptly to the 
height of 6i) feet, and is nearly circular in its form, covering 
about 12 acres. It is supposed to have been an island in a 
lake which covered all the present meadows. Farmington 
village is situate on an elevated plain, surruun<led by hills; 
it lies on one principal street about 2 m. long, beautifully 
shaded, and contains 2 churches, an academy, and about 
130 dwellings. The New Haven aiul Northampton (Canal) 
K. R. passes through it 30 m. from New Haven, and at 
Plainville givesoff the CoUinsville Uraneh K. U. The Hart- 
ford, Providence, and Fishlvill li. li. crosses the town 
E. and W. Unionville, Plainville, etc., arc villages in 
Farmington. Pop. in t. 2,631. 

Farmington, p. v., Clark coxmty. Git. : 49 m. N. by VT. 
Milledgeville. ^ 

Farmington, p. v., Push county, Ind.: 37 m. E. S. E. 
Indianapolis. 

Farmi.ngton, p. v., Fulton co., ///. : on a branch of Cop- 
peras cr., G4 m. N. by \V. J>pringfleld. 

Farmington, p. v., Marion county, Virg, : 206 in. N. W. 
Eichmond. 

Faraiington, p. v., Van Buren co., /((..■ on the E. side 
of Des Moines r., opposite tho mouth of Indian cr., 71 m. 
8. by W. Iowa City. 

Farmington, p. v., Graves oc, Ki/. : 241 m. ^Y. S. "W. 
Frankfort. 

Farmington, t., p. v., and cap. Franklin co., 3fe. : 32 m. 
N. W. Augusta. Drained by Sandy r., a tributary of the 
Keuncliec. Surface diversifleil ; soil fertile, and producing 
good wheat and grass. The v. is situate on Sandy r., which 
affords water-power. There arc several tanneries, potteries, 
etc., in the t., and 2.725 inhabitants. Tho '* Chronicle," a 
weekly newspaper, is published hi-re. 

Farmington, u and p. v., Oakland co., JZ/cA. ; 64 m. 
E. by S. Lansing. Drained by numerous aflUienls of the N. 
branch of Rouge r. Surface divcrsilled ; soil deep and fer- 
tile — well wooded. The v. lies on Power's cr., on which 
are numerous flour and saw mills. Pop. oft. 1.S44. 

Farmington, p. v., Tishomingo co., Jim.: 205 to. N. E. 
Jackson. 

Farmington, p. v., and cap. St. Francois co., Mo.: at 
the head waters of SL Francois r.. 114 m. E. S. E, Jefferson 
Citf. It contains a court-house, jail, several stores and me- 
chanic shops, and about 400 inhabitants. It lies on tlie E. 
confines of the great mineral region of the Stjite. 

Fakmington, »>, v., Davie eo., iV. Cat'.: on the W. side 
of Yadkin r., 104 m. \Y. by N. Kichmond. 

Farmington, t. and p. v., Strafford co., y. /lamp. : SS m. 
E. N. E. Concord. Drained by Cocheco r. Surface hilly, 
being traversed by Ihe Pdue Hills, or Frost Mountains, from 
the .•summit of whicli ships may be seen with the naked eye 
ofl" the harbor of Port^^mouth. Soils thin, but of average 
fertility. The principal vill.ige is situate at the N. E. side 
of, and about a m. distant from the river, on which is the 
DocA; so named from its having been used as such by tho 
first settlers, who deposited their lumber here to be floated 
down the stream. Near this village is a remarkable rock, 
estimated to weigli 00 or 8L1 tons, so exactly poised on otlier 
rocks that it is caused to vibrate several inches by manual 
force. The Cocheco R. K. traverses the valley of the river 
through the town, and tho Great Falls and Conway R. R. 
crosses it in the E. Pop. in \S5\\ 1,009. 

Farmington, I. and p. o., Ontario co., ^1 Y. : 1S2 m. 
W. by N. Alliany. Drained by Mud cr., a mill-stream 
emptying into Canandaigua outlet. Surface level ; soil, stiff 
212 



clay, and difficult of cultivation. Large tracts of waler- 
limestone are found here. Pop. 1,SB7. 

Farmington, t. and p. o., Trumbull co., Ohio: 146 ni. 
N. E. Columbus. Drained by head branches of Grand r. 
Surface hilly ; soil excellent for grass, etc Pop. 1,2S3. 

Farmington, p. v., Fayette co., Pemi.: 159 m. W. S. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Farmington, p. v., Marshall county, Tenn.: 47 m. S. 
Nashville. 

Farmington, t. and p. o., Jefferson co.. Wise. : 23 m. E. 
Madison. Drained by Johnson's cr., a tributary of Rock r. 
Surface varied and well timbered ; soils rich and pro- 
ductive. Pop. 736. 

Farmington, p. v., Ritchie co., Yirg. : 223 m. W. N. W. 
Richmond. 

Farmington Falls, p. v., Franklin county, Md. : on Iho 
N. side of Sandy r. of the Kennebec, opposite the mouth of 
Little Norridgewock r., 26 in. N. W. Augusta. 

Farm liinoB. p. o., La Salle co., ///..• about 2 m. N. E. 
Vermillion r. of the Illinois, 97 m. N. E.Springfield. 

Farmvillf., p. v., Prince Edward co., Virg. : on the 3. 
side of Appomattox r., and on the lino of the South Sido 
R. R., 52 m. "W. S. W. Richmond. It coiitains two largo 
tobacco warehouses, several extensive tobacco factories, 
various mechanic shops, and about 1,200 inhabitants. Bt>ats 
navigate the river at all seasons to Petersburg, its natural 
port, and with which, and also with Richmond, it is now 
connected by railroad. The " Republican" (whig), a weekly 
newsi)aper, is publishctl here. 

Farniiam, p. v., Richmond county, ^'^)^g. : 53 m. N. E. 
Richmond. 

FAr.NUMsviLLK, p.v., "VN'orccstcr co., Ma^s. : on the Provi- 
dence and Worcester R. R., 37 m. "W. S. "W. Boston. 

Farkaniisvillk, p. v.. Clinton co., Venn. : on the N. side 
of the West Branch of Susquehanna r., 74 m. N. W. Har- 
risburg. 

Faukell Place, p. v., Clinton county, X, Y. : 137 m. N. 
,\lbany. 

Fariuonville, p. v., Pike county, Ala. : 43 m. S. E. 
Montgomery. 

Far Rockaway, v., Queene co., 2^. Y.: a fine summer 
retreat on tho 8. side of Long Island. The v. is located on 
a pi-ninsula, between Jamaica Bay and the Atlantic, and 
e!>nlains a church and about 40 <lwellings. One m. W. are 
tlic Marine Pavilion and liock Hall, splendid boarding 
houses, which arc resorted to by visitors seeking tlie benefit 
of a summer-marine residence. 

Farrowsville, p. v., Fauquier county, Virg, : 93 m. 
N.N. W. lliehmond. 

Far West, p. o., Johnson co., Jnd. : on the E. side of the 
West Fork of White r., 14 m. S. by W. Indianapolis. 

Faitcett's Store, p. o., Orange eo., iY Car. : 51 m. N.W. 
Raleigh. 

Fai-sse Point, p. o., St. Martin's par., La. : 42 m. S. by W. 
Baton Rouge. 

Fausse Riviere: a lake below Point Coupee, Louisiana, 
formerly the bed of the Mississippi, and until 1S14 its prin- 
cipal channel. It is now filled up at both ends so as to be 
shut off from the new channel, and forms an extensive lake 
in the form of a horse-shoe. Tbe banks are very fertile, and 
covered willi fine furms. 

Fauquiek. county, Vtrg. Situate N. E., and contains 720 
sq. m. Drained by the branches of Rajipahanntick and 
Occoquan rivers. Surface diversified by hills and valleys; 
soil moderately productive. This is one of the best grain 
counties of the State, and has also largo numbers of live- 
stock. Farms SSO; manuf. G2; dwell. 1,S39, and pop. — 
wh. 9,875, fr. col. C4S, si. 10,35D— total 20,863. CapiUU : 
Warrenton. PuliVif yVorks : Orange and Alexandria R. R. ; 
Warrenfon Branch R. R. ; Manassas Gap R. R.. etc. 

Fawn Gkove, t. and p. o,, Yi>rk co., Ptnin. : 42 m. S. E. 
Harrisburg. Drained by nftbients of Muddy or., which 
makes its N. boundary, the S. lim- being the Maryland State 



FAVV 



FAY 



line. PurfiicL' hilly, anJ suil hidiflerent. There are several 
mills aij<i factories in the town. 

Fawn Hiveb, t. and p. o., SL .Toaeph's oo., Mic?i.: 74 m. 
8. E, Lansing. Drained by Kawn r, a tributary K>i S=l. Jo- 
wjih's of Ihe lake. The Soulhem Miehij;an K. 11. paiises 
lhr<ni;;h the N. W. corner nf the town. Pup. il'A. 

I-'aykite county, AUi. Situate W. toward N., and eon- 
tains 9SG sq. m. Drained chiefly by Yellow er., Looxapatilla 
r. and SipHcy r., tributaries of Tombigbce r. The K. part 
of llie CO. is drained by the head streams of several aflluents 
of Illiick' Warrior r. Surface undulating or level ; sc/ils fer- 
tile, producing cotton, corn, and the grains generally. Tim- 
ber of various descrijil ions abundant, especially <in the rivers. 
Farms !,(iG5 ; mannf. 24 ; dwcil. 1.4US. and jx.p.— wh. S,450, 
fr. col. 10, 8l. 1,221— total 9.0^1. Ctij,ititl : l-'ayette. 

Fayettk county, (Ju. Situate centrally, an'i eontjiins 2S0 
sq. m. Drained by the liead tributaries of I'lint r., wliieh r. 
has its rise in the hills in the X. part of this eo. In the S. 
the surface is level, but occasionally diversified. Soil rich 
and jiru<iuctive. C'ullon, In<lian com, wheat, etc., are the 
prineijial staples. Farms SIS; inanuf. G; dwell. 1,19C, and 
pop.— wh. 6,t40, fr. col. 4, si. 1.905— tot;d >:.709. CapiUil : 
Fayettevilte. Public Workn: Macon and Western U. K. ; 
La Grange R. R., etc. 

Fayktte county, HI. Situate S. centrally, and contains 
64S sq. m. Drained by affluents of Kaskaskia r,, which 
runs through it, on which r. the lands are subject to inun- 
dation, and frequently retain the wati-rs in Ihe hollows. 
Surface generally level, being prairie and woodland inter- 
mixed; around Vandalia it is undulating. Farms S2G ; 
nianuf. 4; dwell. 1,4;31, and pop.— wh. S,027, fr. col. 4S— 
total 8,0(5. Cdjyital : Vand:Uia. I'lihlic Wor/:^: lUiuoia 
Centra! R. E. ; Mississippi and Atlantic R. K., et<:. 

Fayette county, /?m/. Situate K. middle, and contains 
210 sq. m. Drained principally by W. fork of White Water 
r., which flows from N. to S. through the co. Surface roll- 
ing or level, with extensive bottoms densely timbered. 
Soil everywhere fertile. Pork, beef, and flour are the chief 
eljiples. Farms 906: manuf. IIG; dwell. I,sl8, and pop. — 
wh. 10.145, fr. col. 72~total 10,217. Oipital : C<innersville. 
Vnhfic Works: White W'ater Canal ; Junction R. R., etc. 

Favette county, la. Situat*; N. E., and contains "20 
sq. m. Drained in the N. and middle by Turkey r. and its 
tributaries, and in the S. by tiie hea<l branches of Wapsi- 
pinicon r. Surface level prairie, intermixed witli woodland. 
Soils deep and fertile. Farms s; manuf. ; dwell. 153, and 
pop.— wh, 825. fr. col. 0— total S25. Capital: West t'nion. 

FAYFrrTE county, Kif. Situate centrally, and contains 2-?0 
sq. ni. Drained by several afHuenls of Elkhom r., a tribu- 
tarj' of the Kentucky, which river also in part fonns the 
S. K. border of the county. Surface elevated, inclining on 
all sides toward Kentucky r. Soils rich and fiTtile, pro- 
ducing Immense grain crops, hemp and flax, tobacco, etc. 
The CO. has also a large manufacturing interest Farms 
799; manuf. 156; dwell. 2,069. and pop.— wh. 11,180, ft-. coL 
€66, si. 10,889— total 22,735. Capital : I^xington. Piihlia 
Works: Lexington and Frankfort R. R. ; and railroads 
(projected) to Covington and Maysville, on the Ohio R. R., 
and also to Nashville, 7e;ui., etc. 

Fayette county, Ohio. Situate toward the S. W. cen- 
trally, and contains 416 eq. m. Drained by Eattle-anake 
cr., F'aint cr., and Deer cr., their tributaries. Surface gen- 
erally level; soils fertile. Farms 1,007; manuf. 29; dwell. 
2.1.55. and pop.— wh. 12,456. fr. col. 270— total 12,726. r«/>. 
ital: Washington. Public Works: Cincinnati, Steuben- 
ville, and Pittsburg R. R., etc. 

Fayette county, P^nn. Situate S. W., and contains S24 
sq. m. Drained by tribataries of Youghiogeny r, and the 
Monongahela, the latter r. forming the W. boundarj-. The 
I-nurel Mountain lies on the E. border, and renders the 
purface in that direction hilly and rough, but the soil is fer- 
tJlf and well cultivated. Coal and iron ore abound, and 
fiall springs are found in several parts; there are aUo sul- 



phur springs. At Ihe Ohiopile Falls the Youghiogeny 
descends 60 feet in the distance of a mile. The agricultnrnl 
products consist cliicfiy of wheat, In<lian corn, etc., and 
large quantities of bituminous coal are annually mined. 
Numerous furnaces, forges, and rolling mills are in opera- 
tion, also glass factories and potteries, with several other 
staple manufacturing eslablishmeuts. Farms 2,1 99; manuf. 
232 ; dwell, 6,.597, and pop.— wh, 87,443, fr. col. 1,669- total 
89,112. CajAial: Union Town. 

Faybtte county, 7«r. Situate S. centrally, and contains 
1,160 sq. m. Drained chiefly by Colorado r. and its tributa- 
ries — in the S. an<i S. W. by the head brancl)es of Navidad 
r. and Peach er.. the latter an aflluent of Guadalupe r. Sur- 
face remarkably diversified — in the K. undulating, in the 
middle hilly, alternating with broad plains, and in the W. 
level, inclining to the S. W. The ]»rairies of this co. are not 
extensive, but are interspersed with islets of timber, and 
alternate with the forests of the numerous streams. Soil, a 
rich sandy loam, from 10 to 20 feet deep, and resting on a 
stratum of sand-stone, Gyp.sum, lignite, etc., are found in 
abundance. Farms 209; manuf. 6; dwell. 4y4, and pop. — 
wh. 2,740, fr. col. 0, si. 1,016— total 3,756. Capital: La 
Grange. 

Fayette county, Tenn. Situate S. W., and contains ."576 
sq. m. Drained by Loosahatchee and Wolf rivers and their 
affluents. Surface undulating, and consisting chiefly of 
prairie, but with extensive woodlands. Soils well adapted 
tor general agriculture, producing wheat, Indian corn, oats, 
etc., abundantly, eoHon, and some toi)acco. Large num- 
bers of live-stock are also owned in the co. Farms 1,172; 
manuf. 29; dwell. 1.951, and pop.— wh. 11,420, fr. col. 35, 
si. 1.%2(W— total 20.719. Capital: Somerville. Public 
Works: Memphis and Charleston R. P., with a branch to 
Somerville. 

FAVErrE county, Virg. Situate W., and contains 920 
sq. m. Drained by New r., a main constituent, an<i otlier 
tributaries of Great Kanawha r. Clear and Mar^h Forks 
of Cool r. also rise in this co. Surface mountainous ; eoil 
sandy loam. On New r., 2 m. from Fayetteville, is Long 
Point, which projects into the stream; ils Uip consists of a 
flat rock of 2 acres in extent, and elevated 1,500 feet above 
the level of the water ; and 6 m. from the v. is Hawk's Nest, 
or Mar-shall's Pillar, a naked, peqiendicular rock, ],li'0 feet 
high. Tlierc arc several interesting remains of ancient 
fortifications in the vicinity. The agricultural staples are 
Uie grains and animal products, the hills being fine pasture 
lands. Farms 42S; manuf. 7 : dwell. 593, and pop. — wJi. 
3,7>2, fr. col. 17. si. 156— total 3.955. Capital : Fayetteville. 

Fayettk, p. v., and cap. Fayette eo., Ala.: on the W. 
side of, and about 2 m, from, Sipsey r., an affluent of the 
Tombigbee, 123 in, N. W. Montgomery', It contains a court- 
house, jail, and about 30 dwellings. 

Fayette, p. v., Greene co., lU.: 43 m. S.W. Springfield. 

Fayette, t and p. o., Kennebec co., M^. : IS m.W. N.W. 
Augusta. Drained by a branch of Sandy r., and in the E. 
there are several large and beautiful ponds wliich empty 
into the Kennebec r. Surface rolling ; soil adapted alike for 
grain and grass. The v. lies near the centre. Pop. liOS5. 

Fayette, p. v., and cap. Jefferson co., Miss. : S. of Colea 
cr., an affluent of the Mississippi, 67 m. S. W. Jackson. 

Fayette, p. v., and cap. Howard co.. Mo. : on the W. 
side of Bonne Femmc cr., an aflluent of Missouri r., 49 m. 
N. W. Jefl"erson City. It contains a court-house, co. jail, 
etc., and is the seat of a Ignited States' land office, and of 
Fayette College, which in 1S50 had 2 professors and 75 stu- 
dents. Pop. about SOD. A newspaper, the " Missouri JJem- 
ocrat," is issued weekly. 

Fayette, t. and p. v., Seneca county, X. Y. : 157 m. W. 
Albany. Seneca Lake makes its W., and Cayuga I^kc its 
E. boundaries; and several tributaries of Seneca r., which 
flows on its N. border, drain the interior, and afford water- 
power. Gypsum and limestone abound. The I. has several 
tanneries, mills, etc., and 3 7S4 inhabitaiits. 

218 



FAT 



FEX 



J^— - - - - - - ' - 177 Ei. ^. 

Har- _ • .T. iui^tix , 

hB: : ' ' - " - -^-iane. Tite I 

Xowa. has se^ital muia.. ' 

T^TTTTTK. p. T^ La. Fareffle coantr, Flstr. - -^ in. S. W. 

Fatsxts Coesbs. p. o- Fayetie cou TVno. .• ia Ibe X. £. 
comer of ciie «- 12} m. W. S. "W. Xa^TiHe. 
Fatstis Jpses^s. pw o., Fayette cobuct, FetoL. : IfiT bl 

"W. S. W. Harrieimrs. 

FATSTTSTHia. p. T_ TaJEailega col. .- ■^. ade 

of C»Joear_-^ m.y. itoos^oaierT, I. . anJ 

Eias 2 ■ - : ' ~' - " ■"•- ■-■■-■■' :^2St. 

F^ V-.-oo 

Ei£ : : i. It 

iiTnt^JTw a cuorinaoasir. cm:«;l kTliiicU Sfitica' Liiisi. u^tn^az^d 
several ??are5. Po«>. abo*it 45«>. 
F. " - - 

i ngs , azL'i 3^-0 LaJiAhian^ 

Faxsttett-IZ. t- ~- :izi ?2:p. Cr^?.?riaiitl co_ X Car. ■ 
OG. ;fifi "W". ■■ Fear r_ and a£ she 

bead of n^ _ - . 43 iil S. Ealeish- 

LaL -' - - -- 

widr. - ^ " 

fr m ^ aziid a Cm^ea ctao^' ac^nai oc cvcKtm.'ut.'a. Iti» 
xn^ ™ fl'P'ir. «*>!••?«>>. an-! naral ?t>re^ i* coi^»!»?raN«?. 

Tlir:-: 

aret7--L_^.- -..^... — -■- . .■.■^- 

Jjs imiaix^et22%s are eisecsire. ccns"^ 

and ffioor. stisc. saw. and oil mills, etc. ^ 

ia lS3i), 2-Sd$ ; in liit). -MSS; and hi lH*.. Z^'^2. 

FATETTEviLLa. p. T_ OaoQ'ia^ cOm, JTI FI -■ on both, aies 
cf linnsstonic cT- ; - - - -" ToiSerma O". :' "" " ~"""* - 
lOE^j. ife la^ '^i CtLii'ia La-i 

in_ W. AlbacT. T _: pases a S: 

Tillage. I: £ a plaire oc cocsdeiabie Erade, and has aixms 
6t)0 ioitabicanls. 

Faiextsvillz. p. t_, r : " " ; on the E. fijrfc of 

liaie Viamt r- 72 n2_ S. * Fop. 31S. 

Fa' - ' -" " • - • " ' ^.7-- . "Tt. .' on liie G^tn^- 

bnrj -"- - - ■" ^ zi-S-W. Harrisbgrg. 

F_!. . -___ -^ - L ._■ ■ '-— •»- T^a.." on the 

5. baiLi -J.; r^': z~. ii a:3;ic£j; 'Lt T-^nnr-saee r- ijd m. S. by E, 
5'ashTiIIe. I: cr-Eialns a ei:-arvo.':cse. several stores, aad 
aboct - ^ ; - - ; - new^ap»it. the -linfols. 

Joar 

Fa - -^ . "ayetSe COL, ri>3L .- aboot 

2 m- W. ot' Sew r_ itv> m. 'ri. by 25. BiehmoiuL It coq- 
lains a eoart-ooose, sevcial ssocs&t antl afaooc 300 mhab- 

FAizrwvTiLz.p. T_£t.CIair«x,i1Z..- oa die W. aite of 
Kaska^ia r- 9S m. 5- 5prinrfi=I*L 
FATsrTCTiLLz. p. T., Fayette coaatr, lar. :^ 56 oi. S. £. 

AastmCicy. 

FiiKrtZTixiE. p. T_ and cap. Windham, co- Venn, : on 
file W. ade of West r. of the Cocmeeiical. TL m. 5. MocTpe- 
5er. Is codaias a c;t:_-*-'" ~ ■ '. several TTtiT i ja ^n^ i 
mechanic ^ope. aoii ai>: - -_:£. 

FATSTTETIIiE, p. T^ L. - /. ." 63 IB. 3. DT W, 

Lidiaiiapoti& 

FiTTiiLa, p. T^Kane co-IJL: on&eW. side of Ft^i:., 
5 m. b«£ow FIgicL : '^ ' - . 

FsAai5G,t.and -? in.E.5.E. 

Coiinnhcs. Dtaai-: _ . _ • ~2ter-power; 

a»i the ittisfciaimn r. maites a pan oi the W. boondajy. 
sor^ce amy aii<i brjken ; sod nwdaaiely feniie, and ei- 
ceflent fcc grazipg. 

F£A23'5 Sp2xs*=fiw p^ c- Wia^fw c«x, Jfi«. • Mai.S.£. 
Jai^scn. The - F. Denzucra:'' » pab&hed w»efciy. 
2U 



. ^ tar. : i 



m. £. 



Jm-X. 



Ftj^rzaTUis. p. t_, r 
HamgcuTg. 

Fsa.«TEa.TILLS. pL T F_ 

Cohnnbia. 
F&AXHss nrex^ Oxi^ ; — . 

FExszAifsrssa. pL t^ Ci.-. l z- : .. J^i..- oa tbe £. ade 
cf Maishy Hope er., near the cvooi? IJae, 46 m. E. S. £. 
Anfiapofe.. 

FEDEBAi.STosE.p.ouDodfcesBcoL,JC E .* 59 13. 5. bv E. 
Albany. 

FsDcnt ^LToy. pL t_ Atl^is ox, <C^£'j>.* aS tbe eonffiaaue 
of Federal cr. wuh Hcckio:: r., 7* m. 5. E. Coiax&ba&. 

Fezd-3s Hiii.5. p. Q., Hompcea irconiy^ Mudi. .* 3S bl. 
W. by 5- EoscoD. 

Fesd SFSESGi p. T„ Hamsm cow, Oaio: 107 hl E. by X. 
O^imnbos. 

FssFsE.pkOuScIJo(i^e<k.J6L- 97 m. E. Jeffissca Ciiy. 
^ ^:e aboax3 C1.S. t^^Gseoarinrer. 

^isBusfiH, p. T., Bron eoaosy, 0&m> .- ST m. S. W. 
, .. -znbos. 

FzLi-iiv rLJ.3^ p. T- Wmdsoc co« ffflTCT. .- 59 m. S. by E. 
Monifwfier. 

Feuoasa palish. JLast. La. Sisoaue in the 2!%.W. of the 

Eascern I>i£tricc. aii«i coa:a£i>s 5q1) fo. m. DraiiKd by the 

— - - - " ■ -' ^ r- and dm*ied from West Feiio 

-^e JIariseippi. S^rfitce eleraled, 

_ -- C2ewhai rDosQ. Sous enun^niiy 

p^tjuocuvtr. Owiu^a IS ^inr grea£ scaple. Farms 3(£l : ma^nf 

^ : d»elL Hi and pop. — wh. i'JtI. fr. wi. S. d. 9^1-t— 

''■il: Jackson. Fui/lia W&rka: Qmeon 

I.E. 

'^'-'- Z J. Samate 5. W. of tike 

sq. m. The 3iidsi3Sppc r. 

::ipeoa'5 er.deauziB ks £. 

_ ^T .c ::— tj. j.2d nmaerpos *"^n b^Djox 



Fexioa^a, p. T- Graves «o^ iy- " <JO tbe S. faEas^ of 

D€she r^ 253 3i_ W. 5. W. FranfcSirt. 

Felicity, p. ~- CTtnnons co„ Okio: HxxtX Sif m. fro^ 
C'hio r- 92 EQ. S.W. Colmzibc£. Ii ccoiauss several Tne^fhara^ 
shope. ^Xrtes.^ e&c. aod abc-c; 40*) jnh^ihif^nfr- Xhe coaaoy 
arofxnd is ander the iii^iKSC i&ue of eal&raiioa. 

Feltx. p^ c Morgan co.^ J&. - on the Booaerii&e xzid 
Versailles Tuntpiie. .U. m. W. by 5. JefiosoD. Cfty. 

FzLLOTSSZF. p. o. BnriingUjC cc, JC Jer. 

FsLt*) wsviL L3y p. r- Pti££Soa ttx- Firj^ .- 151 m. X. W. 

Fezj»ssvizxz. p. T_ Middlesex eo^Jfian:: oa abracefc 
of Concord r- ^ m. W. Bosurl. It s a eoostiefahje mas»- 
CictnTins t1 .ermlnQs of the Laneasca aad 

ScerfrngBr. ^ frun SooiUi AcfioOi and 34 frgm 

Boston by "w^. ^> ^^ — B- 

Feixs VtTTA. pl ol. JeSexsxi eoi^ S.T.: 13& m. X. V. 
AHKHiy. 

Feltvuxs: pt t^ Eaex eo<ml7, 31 tfo*. .• 4fi m. S*. &. 
Treoioa, 

FzxKZ Oeai^ p. o. SL Charges eOh, JCi. : 5* m. £. by X. 
JeSersoa Cirr. 

Fesssb.;. and p. 0^ Madison eoL,j:i:.- 104ni_W. byS. 
Albany. PopwlJiStt 

Fassa^TtLia, p. t., Mcnroe col, .Pna. .- 9T m. X. E. 
Hairisbcrz. 

FE33IX0E5. t. 3&i p. 0^ Grant ca, IHal .- «7 m. W. 
Madison. Draizieti by Bloe r^ Troos er. and ocha sceacts 
Sownis X. inxo Wtfictvosin r. It is a lae^ Oaet of doe 
prazrie and wotjdiaiid iocenzuxed, with an abandanee of 
■waser-pi3»er. Fopw ©4. 

F£53sBsiD6ZL J^efiexnacok,€=a..- oaabnacbftfC^se^ 
chee r_ 35 m. E. MHIedgeTiHe. 



FEN 



FIS 



Kr.NTON, p. v., SI. Louis co., Mo. : on the S. siJe of Mara- 
niec r., 98 m. E. Jeffersoa Cily. 

Fentonville, p. v., Gc-nesee co., Mich. : on Uie E. branch 
of ShiawaiiS^e r.,47 ra. E. Lansio;*. 

F!:ntbes9 county, Tenn. Situate N. middle, and con- 
tains 420 sq. m. Brained in the W. by the fnrka of Obey's 
river, and in the E. by creeks of the S. fork of CumlxTland 
river, which deraarUs its boundary in that direction. Sur- 
face hilly and broken ; soils of average proiluctiveness ; 
limber abundant Farms A^x maniif. .5; dwell. TOT, and 
pop.— wh. 4.305, fr. col. 1, si. 14B— toLnl 4,454. Capital: 
Jamestown. 

Fkntp.iss. p. v., Guilford co., X. Cor. : 74 ni. "W. N. 'W. 
Kaleigh. 

Feriunasd, p. v., Mercer county, lU.: "1 m. N. "VT. 
Springfield. 

FERniN.MfD, p. v., Dubois co., Ind.: 110 m. S. by "W. 
Indianapolis. 

FERiirsoN's CoKNKES, p. c, Tates co., 2>r. Y.: 1C6 m. 
"W. by S. Albany. 

Fki:onia, p. v., Telfair co., Ga. : 106 m. S. Milledgeville. 

FKiii'-isurBGET, t. and p. v., Addison co., Verm. : i^2 m. "W. 
Montpelic-r. Drained by Otter, Little Otter, and Lewis 
creeks, which afford water-power. Otter cr. is naviyjable 
to Vergenues, S m. Lake Champlain bounds it on the TV., 
and is here about 2 m. ^nde. Basin Harbor, in this town, 
is deep and well protected, and is a place of considerable 
navigration and commercial importance. Large quantities 
offish Are laktn annually from the lake and cured for mar- 
ket. The t. has some manufactures, and its agricultural 
products are large and valuable. The principal v. lies in 
the eentral part of the t, and there is a small v. at Ferris- 
burgh Station, on the Rutland and Burlington Tl. P. 2,07.". 

Fessfsdes Mills, p. o., I'nckinghain co., ..V. I/amp. 

Fethebolffsville, p. o., Berks co.. Pen n. : G7 m. E. by N 
ITarrisburg. 

FiATT, p. v., Fulton CO., III. : 79 m. X. W. Springfield, 

Fiddle Pond, p. o., Barnwell dist, JS. Car. : 72 m. S. W. 
Columbia. 

FiDKLiTT, p. v., Miami county, Ohio: 69 m.'W. by N. 
Columbus. 

Vuf'-, p. v., Jersey co., ///. ; 59 m. S. "W. Springfield. 

Fife's, p. o., Goochland co., Virff. : at the Cross Koads, 
X. of James r., 33 m. 'W. by X. Eichmond. 

Fir.imxG island, Mich. : one of the largest islands in 
Detroit Strait, midway between lakes Erie and Huron, and 
below the couQuence of the Eouge. It contains about S sq. m. 

FiLLMOEE, p. c, Dubuque co., la. : 73 m. X. E. Iowa City. 

FiLL^OBE, p. o., Alleghany co., 2>\ Y. : 214 m. W. S. "W. 
Albany. 

FiLLMOKK, p. v.. Porter county, Ind. : 131 m. X. TV. 
Indianapolis. 

Fillmore, p. o., "Washington co., 0?no: 54 m. E. S. E. 
Columbus. 

Fillmore, p. o., ^Montgomery co., IH. : on a head branch 
of Hurricane cr. of Kaskaskia r., 51 m. S. by E- Springfield. 

Fillmoke, p. v., Putnam co., Ind. : at the head of Deer 
cr. of Eel r., 33 m. "W. by S. Indianai)olis. 

Fillmore, p. o., Daviess county, A'y. : lIU m. "W. by S. 
Frankfort. 

, FiLLMOEB, p. 0., TVashington co., TF/ac. .- G3 m. E. X. E. 
Madison. 

FiLLMOKz, p. 0., Randolph county, Virg. : 169 m. X. "W. 
Eichmond. 

FiLLMOEE, p. o., Monmouth co., y. Jer. : 29 ra. E. Trenton. 

FiLLMOEE, p. T., Cleveland co., 2i. Car. : 15S m-W. by S. 
Ealeigh. 

FiLLuoRE, p. o., Andrew county, Mo. : 177 m. "W. X. W. 
Jefferson City. 

FiLijioRE, p. 0., Centre county, J*enn. : 72 m. X. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Fillmore Citt. p. o., and cap. Millard co., Utah Ter., and 
capita] of the Terrilorj-. 



FiLLMi.>RF^ p. o., Bledsoe eo., Term. : 104 m. E. by S. 
Xashville. 

Finca-stle, p. v., Brown county, Ohio: 73 m. S. W. 
Columbus. Pop. 145. 

FiNCASTLE, p. v., Campbell co., Tenn.: 159 m. E. by X. 
Xashville. 

FiNCASTLE, p. v., Putnam co., Ind.: 42 m. "W. by S. 
Indianapolis. 

FiNCASTLE, p. v., and cap. Botetourt co., TTr/?. : in the 
Vai!ey of Cahawba cr., an affluent of James r., 137 m. W. 
Eiehmond. It contains a court-house and other co. build- 
ings, four churebes, various, mills and mechanic shops, and 
about HOD inhabitants. Two newspapers, the "F. Demo- 
crat," and the " Valley "NVhig,'- are published weekly. 

FiNCiiviLLE, p. v.. Orange co., y. Y. : S9 ra. S. by "W. 
Albany. 

Fine Forks, p. o., Person co., X. Car.: 51 m. X. "W. 
Ealeigh. 

Fi.ne"s Creek, p. o., Haywood co., K. Car.: on a cr. of 
Big Pidgeon so called, 24S m. "\V. Ealeigh. Big Pidgeon 
is an affluent of French Broad, and Tennessee rivers. 

Flngersville, i>. v., Sparlanburgh dist, *$■. Car.: 76 m. 
X. "W. Columbia. 

FisKSBCEon, p. v., Canoll co., M<7. : on the "W. side of 
the X. branch of Patapseo r., +3 m. X. X. "W. Annapolis. 

FiXLEY. t., p. v.. and cap. Hancock county, Ohio: SI m. 
X. X'. "W. Columbus. Drained by Eagle and other creeks, 
affluents of Blanchard's Fork of Auglaize r., which runs 
E. to W. through it. Surface diversified ; soils of average 
productiveness. The v. lies on the S. side of Blanchard's 
Fort, and contains a court-house, jail, seveKil stores and 
mechanic shops, and about 1,255 Populat. Three news- 
papers are published here, the " Democratic Courier.'Mhe 
" Ilancoek "SVhig," and the "Hancock Journal*' (whig), all 
issued weekly. The Finley Branch E. E. extends hence 
E. by S., to Carey, on the Mad Eiver and Lake Eric E. E., 
16 miles. Pop. of i, 2,0S4. 

Flslet, p. v., Greene co.. Mo. : on a branch of Finley cr., 
57 m. S. S. W. Jefferson City. 

FiXLEYTiLLE, p. V., Washington co., Penn.: 179 m. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Finney Mills, p. o., Amelia co., Tirg. : 35 m. S. "W. 
Eichmond. 

Fire islands, X. Y. : are a cluster of small islands in the 
Great South Bay of Long Island. 

Fire-place, p. v., Suffolk co., X. Y. : on the X. of Fire- 
place Bay, an arm of the Atlantic Ocean, 1S3 m. S. E. 
Albany. 

Fipje-place hay, X. Y. : an indentation of Great Sooth 
Bay of Long Island. 

FiRE-sTEEL river, Mich. : a stream running into Lake 
Superior out of the Ontonagon. It has its source in the 
Porcupine Mountains of the Tppcr Peninsula. 

First Fork, p. o., Clinton co., Penn. 

Fiser's Cross Eoads, p. o., Robertson co., Tenn. : 31 m. 
N. "W. Xashville. 

Fisu Creek, p. o., Steuben CO., Ind. : near the S. line of 
the CO. on Fish er., a tributary of St, Joseph r. of the Mau- 
mee, 136 m. X. E. Indianapolis. 

Fisn Creek, p. o., Marshall co., Virff.: on Fish cr., a 
tributary of Ohio r., 223 m. X. "W. Eichmond. 

Fish creek, ^V. Y. : the ouUet of Saratoga Lake, and 
emptying into the Hudson r. at Schuylerrille, where are 
ItK-aled several mills and factories. 

Fish creek, X. Y. : rises in Lewis co., and empties into 
"Wood's cr. in Oneida co. It is navigable for boats for a few 
miles from its mouth, and is a good mill-stream, on which 
are located severul factories, etc 

FisifPAM, p. v., VTake co., .V. Car. : 22 m. S.W. Ealeigh. 

Fisnn.oi, p. v., Union dist.. S. Car.: on the TV. side of 
Broad r., 61 m. X. W. CoUimbia. 

Fisuee's, p. o., Catawba county, X. Car, : 145 m. W 
Ealeigh. 

215 



FIS 



FLA 



FisuERSBURGir, p. o., Franklin county, Virg. : 145 m. 
"W. by S. Ivichraond. 

Fisher's island, ^V. T. : Vies off the E. end of Long Island, 
14 m. from shore. It is S m. long and 1 m. wide. The 
surface is varied, and soil very productive. 

FisiiERsviLLE, p. v., Wludham co., Co7m. : on French r., 
a branch of the Quinnebaug. 42 m. E. by N. Hartford. It 
has considerable manufactures, and the v. is intersected by 
the Norwich and Worcester K. K., 3S ra. N. from Norwich. 
FisHBRSviLLE, p. v., Mcrrlmac county, 2^. Hamj). : at 
the junction of Contoocook and Merrimac rivera, 7 ra. 
N. N. W. Concord. The Northern K. K. passes through the v. 
FisuEEtsviLLE, p. V., Augusta CO., Virg. : on a small trib- 
utary of the S. Branch of Potomac r., 4 ra. E. by S. of Staun- 
ton, and 91 m. W. N. "W. Richmond. 

FisiiERviLLE, p. v., Jefferson county, A'y. ; 51 m. W. 
Frankfort. 
FisuERviLLE, p. v., Dauphin co., Penn. 
Fishing Creek, p. o., Cape May co., J\' Jer. : 76 m. S. 
Trenton. Fishing cr. is a small stream about 5 m. long, 
emptying into Delaware Bay. 

Fishing Ceeek, t. and p. o., Columbia co., Penn. : 63 m. 
N. by E. Harrisburg. Drained by Pishing cr. of Susque- 
hanna river. Surface mountainous ; soil, clay and gravel. 
Top. 1.114. 

Fisn HoTJSE, T., Fulton co., y. T. : on Sacandaga r., a 
branch of Hudson r., 67 m. N. W. by N. Albany, It contains 
several stores, and about 40 dwoUings. Sir William Johnson 
made the setUeraent at this point for the purpose of fishing 
and trading witli the Indians. 

FiSDKiLL, t. and p. v.. Duchess county, y. K.* 77 m. S. 
Albany. Draineil by Fishkill and Wappiuger's creeks of 
Hudson r. Surface diversified — in the S. mountainous: 
Boil fertile. It baa several convenient landings on tlie 
Hudson. Fishkill v. lies on Fishkill cr., 5 m. from Fishkill 
Landing, and contains about 1,0(10 inhabitants. There are 
several woolen and cotton factories, and numerous saw, 
flouring, and grist mills, and a newspaper, the "F. Stand- 
ard," is issued weekly. Pop. 9,243. The Hudson Itiver 
E. R., and the Hartford, Providence, and Fishkill E. E. 
passes through this town. 

Fishkill Landing, p. v.. Duchess co., y. Y. : at the 
mouth of Fishkill cr., 79 m. S. Albany, and opposite New- 
burg, with which it is connected by a steam ferry. The 
creek has fine water-power, and along its banks are several 
extensive manufactories, as foundries, mechanic shops, etc. 
It contains about 1,400 inhabitants. The Hartford, Provi- 
dence, and Fishkill R. E. has its W. terminus at this point, 
and connects, by means of the ferry, with the New York 
and Erie E. E., thus furnishing a link in the chain of rail- 
roads that run from the extremities of New England to and 
beyond tiie Mississippi r. and the great lakes. 

Fishkill Plains, p. o., Duchess co., Ji. T. : in the town 
of East Fishkill, 75 m. S. by E. Albany. 

Fishkill mountains, Duchess county, y. Y. (called, also, 
Matteawan Mountains): a continuation of the Highlands 
through which the Hudson r. passes — a range which con- 
tinues N., under different names, to the Green Mountains 
of Vermont. 

FisiiKiLL {or Matteawan) creek. Duchess county, AT Y. : 
rises in the centre of the co., and passing by the manufac- 
turing villages of Glenheim, Matteawan, Fishkill, etc., 
empties into the Hudson r. 

Fish Pond, p. v., Tallapoosa county, Ala, : 54; m. N. E. 
Montgomery. 

Fisu Port, p. o., Eock Island co., IlL : on Rock r., 122 in. 
N. N. VT. Springfield. 

Fisn Trap, p. o., Baker county, Ga,: 140 m. S. 9. W. 
MilledgeviUe. 

EiSKBURGH, p. v., Kenton co.. Ky. ; on the W. side of 
Licking r., 51 m. N. N. E. Frankfort. 

Fiskedale, p. 0., "Worcester co., Mass. : 59 m. W. S. W. 
Boston, 

216 



Fiskkville, p. v., Providence co., li.I.: on the N. side 
of Pawtuxet r., 11 m. S. W. Providence. It is a place of 
considerable manufacturing industry. 

FisK's CoENEEs, p. o., Wiuuebago co., Wkc. : ST m. N. E. 
Madison. 
Fitch, p. o., Cass co.^ Ind. : 71 m. N. by W. Indianapolis. 
FiTCHBURGH, t and p. v., Worcester county, Mass. : 42 m. 
W. N. W. Bostorh Drained by a large branch ol Nashua r., 
and two smaller streams, which furnish immense water- 
power, and on which are numerous large manufacturing 
establishments. Surface diversified and somewhat hilly; 
soil of average fertiUty. In the immediate vicinity of the v. 
of Fitchburg is an immense quarry of excellent granite. 
The manufactures embrace woolen and cotton goods, paper, 
boots, etc. It is one of those towns of New England that 
have forced themselves into prosperity by local advanUnges, 
and is now one of the chief centres of the railroad network 
of the country ; hence diverge the Fitchburg E. E. to Boston, 
the Worcester and Fitchburg E. R. to Worcester, and the 
Vermont and Massachusetts It. R. to Greenfield— these, 
with their eonneclions, extending to every part of the Union 
and the Canadas. The "Fitchburg Sentinel" is issued 
weekly. Population in 1S30, 2,169 ; in 1S40, 2,604; and in 
1S50, 5,009. 
FiTCHBUEGH, p. V., DflHC CO., Wisc. ; 10 m. S. Madison. 
FiTCUTiLLE, t. and p. v.. Huron co., Ohiu : S4 m. N. N. E. 
Columbus. Drained by a branch of Vermillion r. Surface 
diversified, and somewhat hilly; soil fertile, and well culti- 
vated. The principal v. is situate on the r. near the centre 
of the t, and contains about .300 inhabitants. FilchvLlle 
was settled and is chiefiy occupied by industrious emigrants 
from the New England States. Pop. 1,1"S. 

FiTZ Henry, p. v., Conway county, Ai'k, : 41 m. N. W. 
Little Rock. 

FiTz Henet, p. 0., Seneca county, Ohio : SI m. N. 
Columbus. 

FiTz Hen-rt, p. o., Westmoreland co., Pe7i?i. : 133 m. W. 
Harrisburg. 

FiTz Henry, p. o., Ogle county. III, : 15S m. N. bv E. 
Springfield. 

FiTz William, t. and p. v., Cheshire co., y. ITamp, : 46 
m. S. W. Concord. Drained by Priests and Camp Brooks, 
and there are several ponds of considerable size in the 
town. Surface hilly ; soil rocky and stubborn : but there 
are considerable meadows which are very productive. Gap 
Mountain lies on the N. E. boundarj', on which are found 
fine whetstones. The v. lies near the centre, and is inter- 
sected by the Cheshire R. E. Pop. oft. 1,4S2. 

Fn-E Corners, p. o., Cayuga county, y. Y. : 142 m. "W. 
Albany. 

Five Mile, p. o.. Brown county, Ohio : 69 m. S. W. 
Columbus. 

Five Mile, p. v., Pickens dist, S. Car. : on a cr. so called, 
122 m. N. W. Columbia. 

Five Points, p. o., Venango co., Pe7m. : 171 m.W. N. W 
Harrisburg. 

Flackville, p. v., St. Lawrence co., y. Y. : 152 m. N.W 
Albany. 

Flago Spring, p. o., Campbell co., S^t/. : 63 ra. N. N. E. 
Frankfort. 

Flaggtown, p. v., Somerset co., y. Jer. : 20 m. N. E. 
Trenton. 
Flagstaff, p. o., Somerset co,, Me, 
Flanders, p. v., Morris co., K Jer. : at the E. font of Schoo- 
ler's Mountain, 47 m. N. by E. Trenton. It contains about 
30 dwellings, and 160 inhabitants. 

Flanders, p. v., Suffolk Co., y. Y. : on the S. side of 
Little Peeonie Bay, 133 m. S. S. E. Albany. It contains 
15 or 20 dwellings. 
Flat. p. o.. Pike co., Oliio: 62 m. S. Columbus. 
Flatrerg, p. v., Irwin co., (ia. : on Flat cr. of AUapahaw 
river. 102 m. S. MilledgeviUe. 
Flatbsook, p. 0., Columbia co., y. Y 



FLA 



FLI 



Flatbrook-ville, p. v., Sussex co., X. Jcr.: 73 m. N. 
Trenton 

FLATBUsn, t. and p. v., Kings county, N'. Y. : 12G ni. P. 
Albany. Surface diversified, but generiilly level ; soil, Iiy:lit 
loam and sand, well cultivated. The v. is pleasantly silualo 
on a plain, 4 ni. E. Brooklyn, and contains 3 chiirclies, 
an academy, known as Erasmus Ilall. an old and flourishing 
instilulion, several stores, and about Sit dwellings. Tlie pop. 
of the town, 3.176. Near the N.W. boundary of the town, 
the disastrous battle of Flatbush or Long Island was fought 
in 1776. 

Flat Creek, p. o., Montgomery co., X. V. 

Flat Creek, p. o., Lowndes county, Ga. : 146 m. S. 
MillcdgeviUe. 

Flat Creek, p. o., Bedford co., Tt'im.: on a er. of Duck 
river so called, 52 m. S. S. E. Nashville. 

Flat Head lake, Oreg. Ter. : a considtrablo body of 
water at the W. side of the Rocky Mountains, in ab«uit lat. 
47° 30' N., and the source of amain branch of Flat Head or 
Clarke's r., a tributary of the Columbia. 

Flat Head (or Clarke's) river, Oreg. Ter.: rises by scv- 
cralhead streams on the "W. side of the Kocky Mountains, 
and after a course of 260 m., joins the Columbia r. above 
Fort Colville, 

Flatl-vnds, t. and p. v., Kings county, K, Y. : 12S m. S. 
Albany. This town includes Barren Island an<i .'several 
others lying off the sea-coast. Surface level ; soil, sand and 
sandy loam. The village, about 6 m. from Brooklyn, con- 
tains about 30 dwellings. Pop. of town 1,155. 

Flat Lick, p. o., Claiborne par., La. : on Flat Lick 
Bayou, a tributary of Bayou Dorcheat, 216 m. N. W. Baton 
llouge. 

Flat Lick, p. o., Knox co., Ky. : on a cr. so called, 103 
m. S. E. Frankfort. 

Flat River, p.o.,Kent co., J/7M.; on Flat r., a tributary 
of Grand r.,43 m.W.N.'W. Lansing. Flat r. (or Co-coh-aii- 
qjtosh) rises in two small lakes in Mecosta co., flows through 
Montcalm, Ionia, and Kent counties, and discharges its 
waters into Grand r. in the t. of Lowell. It is S rods wide 
at its mouth, shallow, and the country on its borders is hilly 
and broken. 

Flat Rock, p. o., Henry county, Ga. : on the W. side of 
Ocmulgee r., 67 m. W. X.W. Milledgeville. 

Flat Rock, p. o., Shelby co.. 7«rf. .• on Flat Rock cr., a 
tributarv* of White r., 33 m. S. E. Indianapolis. 

Flat Rock, p. o., Bourbon county, A''/. ; on Elkhom cr. 
an affluent of Kentucky r., 43 m. E. by S. Frankfort. 

Flat Rock, p. o., Cape Girardeau co., Mo. : 153 m. S."W. 
Jefferson City. 

Flat Rock, p. o., Henderson county, AC Car. : on Flat 
Rock cr., a tributary of French Broad r, 217 m. W. S. "W. 
Ealeigh. 

Flat Rock, p. o., Seneca co., Ohio: 79 m. N. Columbus. 

Flat Rock, p. o., Kershaw dist., A'. Car.: 41 m. N.N.W. 
Columbia. 

Flat Rock, p. c, Powhatan co., Yirg.: 23 m. W. by 9. 
Richmond. 

Flat Rock, p. o., Crawford co., lU. : 115 ra. E. S. E. 
Springfield. 

Flat Suoals, p. o,, Meriwether co., Ga. : on Flint r., 73 
m.W. Millodgoville. 

Flat Woods, p. o., Fayette CO., Penn. : 159 m. "W. by S. 
Harrisburg. 

Flat Woods, p. o., Braxton QO.^Yirg.: 192 m.W. N. "W. 
Richmond. 

Fleets-ille, p. v., Luzerne county, Penn. : 97 m. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Fleetwood Academy, p. c, King and Queen co., Yirg. : 
29 m. K. N. K. Richmond. 

Flkming county. Ky. Situate N. E., and contains 4S0 
eq. m. Drained by affluents of Licking r., which makes its 
p. W. Imundary. Surface in the E. and S. mountainous — 
otherwise undulating; soils calcareous and very fertile, un- 

D2 



derlincd with limestone. Both agriculture anil mnnuiaruircs 
are licro in a prosperous contlilion. Farms 1,211; nianuf. 
96 ; dwell. 1,9S3, and pop.— wh. 11,62s, fr. col. 147. si. 2.139 
—total 13,914. Capital: Flemingsburg. PuUic Works: 
Lexington and Maysville R. R. 

Fleming, p. v., Livlngstou co., Midt. : 37 m. E. by S. 
Lansing. 

Fleming, t. and p. v., Cayuga Co., A' Y. : 113 ni. W. by X. 
Albany. Drained by Owaseo Lake, which maices its E. bor- 
der. Surface undulating; soil, clay loam, and very pro- 
ductive. The v. contains about 150 inhabitants. Pop. of 
town 1,193. 

Flkming, p. v., Centre county, Penn. : 63 m. N. W. 
IIarrisl)urg. 

Fleming's, p. o., Shelby county, Ind. : 28 m. S. E. 
Indianapolis. 

Fleming's, p. o., Weakley co., Tcnn. : 113 m.WMjyN. 
Na.shville. 

FLEMiNGSBURGn, p. v., and cap.Flemingcounty, Kij. : on 
Stockton Run, about 1 m. from its confluenL-e with Flem- 
ing cr. of Licking r., 71 m. E.by N. Frankfort. It contains 
a fine brick court-house, etc., and about 600 inhatiilants. 

Flemingsville, p. v., Tioga co.. A'. 1'. .■ about 5 ra. 
N. by E. Owego, and 93 m. W. S. W. Albany. It is a 
thriving village of 400 inhabitants. 

Flemington, p. T., Wake co., A'l Car. : 1*2 in. X. W. 
Raleigh. 

Flemington, p. v., and cap. Hunterdon co., A'. Jer. : in 
a mountain valley, 23 m. N. by W^. Trent^iu. It contains a 
stone court-house, under which is the co. jail; about SO 
dwellings, and alxmt 600 inhabitants. Two ncw.spapcrs, 
tlie" Hunterdon County Democrat" (dem.), and the "Hun- 
terdon County Gazette" (whig), are published weekly. A 
branch of the Belvidere Delaware E. R. will extend hence 
toLambertville, on the Delaware. 

Flbmington, p. v., Marion co., Flor. : a few miles W. of 
Orange Lake, 109 m. S. E. Tallahassee. 

Fletciieb, p. v., Miami co., Ohio: on a branch of Miami 
river, 61 m. W. by N. Columbus. It contains several me- 
chanic shops, and about 250 inhabitants. 

Fletchf.r, t. and p. o., Franklin county, IV/v/j. .- 35 m. 
N. N. W. Montpelier. Drained by branches of Lamoille 
and Miasisqui rivers. Surface broken ; soil indifTercnt. 
The V. lies on an atlluent of Lamoille r. Pop. of t. 1,0S4. 

Flewellin's Cross Roads, p. o., De Soto co., Mins. 

Flicksville, p. v., Northampton CO., Pemi. : 79 m. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Flint, p. o., Cherokee Nation, Iiid. Ter. : on Flint cr., a 
branch of Illinois r. of the Arkansas, N. of Tah-le-quah. 

Flint, t., p. v., and cap. Genesee co., Mich. : 46 m. E. N. E. 
Lansing. Drained by Flint r. and its tributaries. Surface 
ilivcrsified — chiefly prairie ; soils rich and productive. The 
town has large water-power. The v. is situated on Flint r., 
and is a flourishing place of some 400 inhabitants. It con- 
tains a court-house, jail, etc., and has several factories, ine- 
clianic shops, and stores; and also two newspapers, Iho 
"F. Republican" (dem.), and the " Genesee Whig," both 
issued weekly. The Cnited States' road passes through 
the village. Pop. of t.8,304. 

Flint, p.o., Steuben co.y/nd.: 146 m.N.E. Indianapolis. 

Flint Creek, p. o., Ontario county, jy. Y. : on a cr. so 
called, 167 m. W. Albany. 

Flint Creek, p. o., Harrison co., Jfi-ss. : on a brancli of 
Red cr. of Pascagoula r. so called, lls m. S. S. K. Jackson. 

Flint Creek, p. o., Lake co.. III.: on a cr. so calh-d, IS3 
m. N. E. Springfield. Lake Zurich, a bcauliftd sheet of 
water ofSOO acres, lies immediately N. W. of the .site. 

Flint Gap, p. o., Knox co., Tenn. : 16S m. F. Nashville. 

Flint Hill, p. o., St. Charles co., Mo. : on a small afllu- 
cnt of Riviere au Cuivre, 73 m. E. N. E. JelTerson City. 

Flint Hill, p. o., Rappahannock county, Yirg. : 93 m. 
K. N. W. Richmond. 

Flint Isla-\d, p. o., Mead county, Ay. .• 89 m. W. by S. 

217 



FLI 



FLO 



Frankfort. Flint Islan.l lies in the Obio r., on the Kentucky 
Bide, about 2 m. below Ibe v. of Concordia. 

Fli.vt Kidge, p. o., Lancaster district, S. Car.: OT m. 
N.byE. Columbia. , , • , , Ti 

Flint river, Git. : a constituent of Appalacbicola r. It 
rises by several head branches on the S. slope of the AUc- 
ehany Mountains in Campbell and De Kalb count.es, and 
has a course generally S. for about 300 m. to its confluence 
with Chattahoochee r. on the N. line of Florida, where it is 
6 feet deep and 460 feet wide. Steamboats come up to 
Bainbridge, 50 m. from its mouth. 

Flisi river, 3nch.: a principal branch of Saginaw r., 
which it joins 30 m. from its mouth. II is about 100 m. long, 
and affords, with its branches, immense water-power, and 
boats ascend it for a distance of 20 m. from its mouth. 

Flint Eock, p. o., Catawba CO., Jf. Car. : on the 8. side 
of Catawba r., 13S m. W. Raleigh. 

Fust's Mills, p. o., Washington county, 0!uo : on Little 
Muskingum r., 97 m. E. by S. Columbus. 

Flint Spuing, p. o., Bradley co., Tmn.: 131 m. S. E. 

Flinttole, p. T., Marion dist, S. Car. : 126 m. E. by N. 
Columbia. .. „. . j 

Flitpos, p. 0., Caroline co.,riV(/. ; 40 nL N. Eichmond. 

Floha, p. o.. Smith CO., Tex. : 223 m. N. E. Austin City. 

Floeesck, p. T., and cap. Lauderdale Co., Ala.; on the 
N bank of Tennessee r. immediately below Muscle ShoaLs, 
197 m N W. Montgomery. Its site is a plain, 100 feet 
above the river, which is here navigable, when full, for 
steamboats. The streets are 100 feet wide, and laid off at 
ri.'ht an<'Ies. It contains a court-house, jail, a United States 
Surveyor General's Otace, etc., several mechanic shops and 
factories, numerous stores, and about 8,000 inhabitants. A 
newspaper, the "F. Gazette," is published weekly. It is 
cligilily situated for commerce, liaving a flue agneultural 
country around it, of which it is the natural market, being 
at the head of steamboat navigation. It will also become a 
great railroad centre between the N. and S., and E. and W., 
lines in those directions being in progress. 



Flokencf., p. v., Stewart county, Ga. : on the E. side of 
Chattahoocliee r., 12T m. S. W. MilledgeviUe. It is a flour- 
ishing vUlage, and has considerable river trade and a large 
commercial connection with the interior. Pop. 600. 

Elokence, p. T. Pike Co., III. : on the VT. side of Dlinois 
river, 54 m. "W. by S. Springfleld. 
Floeence. p. v., Boone eo., Ky. : 61 m. N. Frankfort. 
FLOKE^•CEi p. v., Morgan co.. Mo. : on the S. fork of 
Paviere a la Mine, 40 m. W. JclTerson City. 

Florence, t. and p. o., St. Joseph's co., MieJi. : S m. 8.W. 
Lansing. Drained by a tributary of St. Joseph's r., which 
affords mill-power. Surface divcrsilled ; soil deep and 
rich, producmg .grain abundantly, and furnishing excellent 
pasture. 

Floeence, t. and p. o., Oneida county, N. T. : 112 m. 
W. N.W. Albany. Drained by tributaries of Fish cr. Sur- 
face gently undulating ; soil sandy loam. The v. is near 
the centre, and contains about 20 dwellings. The Water- 
town and Kome E. E. touches upon the S. W. comer of the 
town. Pop. 2,575. ^t , -c 

Florence, t and p. v., Erie co,, Ohio: 97 m. N.by i.. 
Columbns. Drained by Vermillion and other creeks of Lake 
Erie. Surface rough ; soil gcneraUy fertUe. Iron ore la 
verj' abundant. The viUage, near the centre of the town, 
and also Birmingham, on the Vermillion, are both flourish- 
ing places. Pop. oft. 1,491. 

Florence, p. v., Washington CO., renn.: in the N. W. 
part of the CO., 192 m. W. llarrialjurg. It is a flourishing 
village of COO inhabitants, and has a newspaper, the " F. 
Enterprize," published weekly. 

Florence, p. v., Switzerland county, I'ld. : 83 m. S. E. 

Indianapolis. „ .. .^ 

Floeence, p. v., Fremont county, la.: 242 m. W. S. W. 

Iowa City. 

Florence, T., Louisa county, la. : on the Iowa r., 4b m. 
8 S E. Iowa City. It was in this vicinity that Black llawlr, 
the celebrated Indian Chief resided untU 1S32, and here 
rest the remains of his ancestors. 

FLORin, p. o., Putnam CO., III. : 122 m. N. by E.Sprmgfleld. 



THE STATE OF ELOEIDA. 



FLORH.., the most southerly of the Atlantic State. con.sts of ^ il^f;;--- -^j; ™ .^^^r if H^h! »d 1::^ 
Mexico extending from the Atlantic coast to the E>v^r Perdido and of - ^ => P-;-"J,^ ^^-» ,^^^„ ,,,,„,1^., Jg^ ,„j gjo 
Z^::^::^:^:^ S^^:^^^ «^rirrS-or"o Wtnd 10o'43. west .om Washington, and 

between June and October, effectually P-^n^f . "jf-;^ '^:ufsmTparsH "undulating, and even presents some 
rS^:Xr r:-::;^.;:^- S=: T^:'::^^::^ of L neck of the pemnsula, is somewhat moro 

™r^S'^m=::::^= ...s of r>--trzrL'p::^rrt::SirT::t^ 

part of the peninsula consists chiefly of <^t^;:^Z:^^ ^ 1 ^lese hammocks are scattered through- 

generally saudy. except in the hummocks, m which it '^ <='=•>' ''"'''" . ,^g aggregate only a small portion 

L the country-, and vary in extent from ^ ,/'-'7"™ '° " ° ' ^^ ^J;",' 'Z^^Z dog-«td'mngnolia and pine, and 

of the whole surface. They are covered with a growth of red. In e, and »« ^ ™^' » sometimes pretty 

afford, when cleared, exeeUent arable land. The P;-"«'' °7; ' " "^^'^^ ^^^ n st re^ The barrens .are overgrown 

extensive, stretching for several miles in length and breadth and f'™'^ .ndiffer^tTi sometimes productive. The 

with pine forests, with little underwood, ,nd though the »"■' - f ° ^^ ^'"^'^fX^'^^^ /^^^ ,„e inundations of the 

swamps or morasses, which form so conspicuous a feaure m the [™f;> ' "J^^Y^X^j, i^ the rear with water, or 

riversNvhich, overflowing the high-wooded ridge that forms "'f •;^^"';';!' =„7; ^fj^^f ,t„mp.», are overgrown with 

they are produced by the drainage of the surrounding '°™'^>' ="'''';"";"; P'^^^^^^.y g J«. „ of various timber. 

pine, cypress, and cypl^ss knees ; and the former, or ""'^^'^P'-X/X ' In The St John's rises in the Great 

The rivers of Florida are numerous, and they afford vahuable na^.gable channds. 1 he ^^^ ^^^ 

Southern Marsh, and reaches the ocean afler ='»-*er^ course of * ^^^ ^t'J^^^^ ,,ver, and it is navigable 

miles from its mouth it forms a wide, sluggish f '^'='.°f ^f "' "° " '''™; l,,r„ ;, ^ ,„„g lagoon, having much the 

to Lake George, a little higher up, for vessels drawing 8 feet of «»'*:• '"7" '^Vl'^^ „„j In,axura are the principal 

same character, and communicating with the ocean by In, ban ^^^ ^"^^^ ,^<^j ^'^^': J^,,tvanee, contains only small 

rivers on the western side of the penmsula, the whole of «^';"; ^""^ »' ImlLiUle "t John's from Georgia, and reaches 

streams. The Suwanee is formed by the ^'^-^^^ ^J^^T^TiZ T^^^^^^ rises in Ge'orgia, .and flows 

213 



FLORIDA. 



Plinl rivers, falls into the bay of the same name, afliT a course of 75 miles, and is navij^ahle fur steamboats tliroui;hout 
its whole length. The Choctawalchee, risnig ia ^Uabama, flows into the bay of its name, and the Escambia into Ten-sacola 
Bay. The St. Mary's forms in part the northern boundary, and is a fine navigable stream. 

I'loridahas a sea-coast of more than 1,000 miles in length, but so much of it is rendered inaccessible by soundings, that 
it has few good harbors. "West of Capo San Bias the shore is bold, but east of that point it begins to shallow. From 
Appnlacliee Bay to Tampa Bay the whole coast sends off shallow banks, and IVom Wacasasa Buy to the Aniaxura there 
are but sLv or seven feet of water six miles from shore ; to the south of Carlos Bay the shores are bolder. On the eastern 
side there is no harbor south of San Augustine, and scarcely an iulet breaks the coast from that point to Cape Florida. 
South from the mainland, a chain of small rocky islands, named cayos or keys, extends to the westward, ending in a 
duster of rocks and sand-banks, called the Tortugas, or Dry Tortugas. South of the bank upon which these keys rise, 
and separated from them by a navigable channel, is a long, narrow coral reef, known as the Florida Beef. The most 
important of these keys is Key West, a nautical corruption or /res translation of Ctiyo Iluem (Bone Key"!, also called 
Thompson's Island. Long the haunt of smugglers and pirates, it is now a naval station of the first importance, and the 
seat of bands of wreckers, wliose business is to assist vessels in distress ; and a special court is here established to adjust 
salvages. The marine disasters occurring in this vicinity are frequent ; the number of vessels which put into the port 
of Key West in distress, in \^h\K and which had been ashore on the reef, was thirty, valued with their cargoes at $329,000, 
and on these the salvage and charges amounted to $200,860. This key is about sL\ miles in length by two in breadth, with 
a large, well-she ered, and commodious harbor, which admits the largest vessels. The salt ponds, on tlie key, have of late 
years yielded con ierable quantities of salt, and are very valuable to those engaged in the manufacture. The Tortugas 
derive their name from the immense number of turtles that visit them and the adjacent keys and mainland for the 
purjiose of depositing their eggs. The turtles here are of several kmds, and form an article of considerable traffic. 

The whole of the peninsula is of diluvial formation. The substratum of the eastern part is clay mixed with sand, but 
that of the western is a kind of rotten limestone, which in many places is undermined by subterranean streams, forming 
numerous cavities in the ground, called '"sinks." These sinks are inverted conical hollows, varying in size from a few 
yards to several acres, at the bottom of which running water often appears. The central district is the most productive; 
but even of this district a large portion is composed of poor pine-barrens, yet in the midst of these are found gentle 
eminences of fertile land, sujtporting a vigorous growth of oaks and hickories, while numerous ri^'ulets of pure water flow 
through the countrj% or expantl into beautiful lakes. Farther west the land is more generally poor. Thus it appears 
that but a comparatively small portion of Florida can be said to be available for cultivation, yet the warmth and humitiily 
of the climate compensate in a great measure for the stubborn nature of the soil, and give it a vegetation of great variety 
and luxuriance. 

Til'.' productions, natural and agricultural, of Florida, are chiefly those which require a tropical sun to nuiture their 
fruits. It is not, however, merely in tropical products that Florida possesses advantages over every other St:ite of the 
Uni.>n : it is now established beyond a doubt that the Sea Idand, or long st;iple cotton (the production of which was 
formerly confined to a few small islands in South Carolina and Georgia) will grow luxuriantly even in the very centre of the 
peninsula. A fine quality of this staple has also been produced on the Suwanee, and in the very centre of the Alachua, as 
well as on the eastern coast. This important fact is no doubt attributable to the almost insular position of the State. The 
soils are also adapted to the successful cultivation of the coffee plant, also cocoa, the sugar-cane, cottons generally. Cuba 
and other lobaccoes, rice, indigo, arrow-root, Sisal hemp, i^ew Zealand flax, etc., and the cUmate is suitable for the 
cochineal insect and silk-worm ; corn, potatoes, turnips, and, in short, most of the vegetables known to the North or 
South, find in one or other locality congenial soils. The fruits produced are too numerous to recount, and of the most 
delicate descriptions : oranges, lemons, limes, pine-apples, olives, grapes, etc., flourish luxuriantly, and if x>roperIy 
attended to, would soon become valuable e.xport staples. As matters stand at the present time, indeeti, Florida supplies 
much of the tropical fruit found in the markets of our northern cities. It has every delicacy of vegetable culture, and at 
all seasons of the year; beets, onions, egg-plants, carrots, lettuce, celery, cauliflowers, etc., are produced with the most 
indifferent culture; and water-melons, cimtelopes, pumpkins, cucumbers, and every thing that grows upon vines are 
in abundance and in great perfection. The driest seasons are relieved by heavy dews, and the sun that would bake the 
earth in other States, and wither the vegetation, is here so tempered by the prevailing moisture as to force the develop- 
ment of vegetable life to the utmost, and envelop the earth in perennial verdure. 

The climate of Florida has been spoken of, and justly, as one of the finest ; and, aside from the miasms that arise from 
the swamps, as one of the most salubrious in the world. In the south the temperature scarcely changes the year round, 
and summer is only distinguished by the copiousness of its showers. No more delightful residence lor invalids can be 
found than Key West, where the difference of the mean temperature of summer and winter is not more than 11^ Fahr. 
And what is said of Key West will equally apply to other portions of Southern Florida : Miami, on Key Eiscayne Bay, 
has a climate at once placid and constant, and presents to the invalid of the North a desirable retreat from the rude 
bl-isL*} peculiar to that region ; au'l were suitable accommodations prepared for their reception at the points indicated, num- 
bers of those who now annually go to Cuba and the other West India Islands, would be induced to stop short on their 
voyage, and try the advantages of so delightful a home climate. The average mean temperature of the State generally is 
about 730, and in no place does the difference between summer and winter exceed 25°. The mean average quantity of 
rain durinir the year is 33 inches. 

The grassy prairies of this country afford excellent pasturage, and have long been feeding grounds of the southern 
grazier ; immense herds of cattle are constantly roaming over these, requiring no care from their owners, nor housing on 
account of the colds of winter; and in most parts of the State hogs thrive well and fatten ^;ithout any other support than 
that w hieh they derive from the abundant roots and mast of the country. And there is certainly no portion of the TTnited 
States where game and fish are so abundant as in Florida. The fact that a large body of Indians supported themselves 
well for the space of seven years, while IciimUd th^u^el'Ve^ by an army of 6,000 men, is some evidence in proof of this 
assertion. It w:ls common before the war for a good hunter to kill seven or eight deer of a day, and multitudes of these 
animals were slaughtered merely fur their skins. The country abounds also in wild turkeys, partridges, geesc, ducks, 
curlews, and various other species of smaller game. The whole coast is productive of the finest fish, and the oysters 
especially are of excellent flavor. Sheep-head, grouper, red-fish, mullet, green turtle, etc., are to be found in inexhaustible 
abundance at almost every point, both on the eastern and west<Tn coasts; and the numerous lakes, rivers, and creeks 
of the interior teem with fresh-water fish, and the most delicious species of soft-sbelled turUe, etc. On many parts of the 
coast sponges arc found, and in this product the trade is constantly increasing. 

219 



FLORIDA. 



Florida contains 2S counties, the general statistics of which, and the cajntaU of each in 1S50, were as follows 









F^rma 


Manuf. 


^Counties. 




r..r- 


inoulL 


E§Iab. 


Abohua . . . 


. . 274 . 


. 2,524 . 


..2.38 


.. 0. 


Benton . . . 


..113 . 


. 92G . 


.. 82 


..0 . 


Calhnun .. 


..1G5 . 


. 1,377 . 


.. 68 


..1 . 


Columbia . 


..596. 


. 4,80S . 


.. 475 


..8 . 


Dade 


. 23 . 


. 159. 


.. 6 


.. 2 . 


Duval 


..451 .. 


. 4,539 . 


..167 


.. 5 . 


Escambia . 


. . 563 . . 


. 4,351 . 


.. 84 


..9 . 


Fnmklin . . 


..261 .. 


. 1,561 . 


.. 


.. .. 


Gadsilc-n . . 


. . 6S4 . . 


. 8,7S3 . 


..482 


.. . 


TIamillon . 


. 801 . . 


. 2,409 . 


.. 205 


.. . 


Ilillsboro' . 


, . 253 . 


. 2,377 . 


.. 120 


..9 . 


IloImc'S ... 


..207 .. 


. 1,644 . 


.. 103 


..0 . 


Jackson . . . 


.. 560 . 


. 6,639 . 


..287 


.. . 


Jefferson . . 


..520 .. 


. 7,718 . 


..877 


..7 . 



Capitals. 

. Ncwnanville 
. Melendcz 
. St. Joseph 
. Alligator 
. Miami 
. Jacksonville 
. Penaacola 
. Appalachicola 
. Quincy 
. Jasper 
. Tampa 
. Cerro Gordo 
. Mariana 
. Monticello 



Counties, 
Leon . . , 
Levy . . 
Madison .. 
Marion . . 
Monroe .. 
Nassau . . 
Oranije . . 
Putnam . . 
SI. John . 
St. Lucie . 
Santa Rosa .'J26 . . . 
Wakulla ..227 ... 
Walton... 185 ... 
Wash'gton 273 . . . 



Dwell 
. 737 . . 
,. 64 .. 
. 49S .. 
. 894 .. 
. 420 . . 
, ISS .. 
, 55 .. 
.103.. 
. 821 . . 
. 22 .. 



Pop. 
11,442 . 

465 . 
5,490 . 
3,338 . 
2,643 . 
2,164 . 

460 . 

657 . 
2,525 . 

189 . 
2,S88 . 
1,955 . 
1,379 . 
1,950 . 



nit. 

. 856 . 

. . 

. 202 . 
. . 329 . 

. 6 . 
, . 137 . 

. 19 . 

. JO . 

. 34 . 
,. . 

.91 
,. 100 

.161 
.. 155 



Manun 
Kstal,. 

.. 15 ... 

.. ... 

.. 4 ... 

.. .. 

.. 11 ... 
..11 ... 

.. .. 
.. ... 

.. ... 
.. 28 . 
.. 5 . 
.. . 
.. 4 . 



Capitals. 

Tali.ah.vssbb 

Wakaaasa 
. Madison 
. Ocola 
. Key West 
. Nassau C. H. 
. Mellonville 
. PiUatka 
. San Augustine 

. Milton 
. Newport 
, Uchee Anna 
. Holmes Valley 



The whole number of dwellings in the State was, at the above dale, 9.022, of families 9,107, and of inhabitants 87,401, 
viz. ; whites, 47,107— males, 25,074, and females, 21,493 ; free colored, 925— males, 420, and females, 505, and slaves, .39,309. 
Of the whole population, the following chesses and numbers of persons were blind, deaf and dumb, insane or idiotic: 
deaf and dumb—vrh. 12, fr. col. 0, si. 10— total 22; llind—v/h. 12, fr. col. 2, si. 12— total 20; inscnie—wh. 6, fr. col. 0, 
si. 2 — toUlI S ; idiotic — wh. 29, fr. col. 1, si. 7 — total 87. The number of free persons born in tlie United Slates, was 
45.320; of those born in foreign countries, 2,757 ; and of those whose country was unknown, 58 : the nfitiv^ population 
criginalcd from— Maine 140, N. Ilamp. 61, Verm. 56, Mass. 235, E. L 66, Conn. 179, N. York 014, N. Jer. S3, Penn. 
240, Del. 9, Md. 194, Dist. of Col. 33, Virg. 64.3, N. Car. 3,537, S. Car. 4,470, Geo. 11,316, Florida 20,563, Ala. 2..340, Miss. 
92, La. 146, Tex. 8, Ark. 5, Tenn. 112. Ky. 87, Oh. 53, Mich. 7, Ind. 14, 111. S, Mo. 7, la. 0, Wise. 3, Calif. 0, and the Terri- 
tories 0; and i]\Q foreign pop^ilation was composed of natives of— England 300, Ireland 87S, Scotland 132, Wales 11, 
Germany 307, France 67, Spain 70, Portugal 17, Belgium 4, Holland S. Italy 4i1, Austria 8, Switzerland 7, Russia 2, Nor- 
way 17, Sweden 23, Denmark 21, Prussia 17, Asia 3, Afl-ica 23, British America 97, Mexico 5, South America 8, West 
Indies 599, other countries 37. 

And the following table will exhibit the decennial progress of Ibe population since the first census of the State taken by 
(lie United States authorities : 

Cokired Persons. Hecennial Incre.lse, 

Census. White , ' . Ti.tal ^- — . * , 

Year. Persons. Free. Slave. T<lt.^l. Population. KumeritaL PerceiiL 

1880 ]8,.385 844 .... ].'>,.'J01 .... 16.345 .... 34,730 — — 

1S40 27,943 817 .... 25,717 .... 20.534 .... 54,477 15,747 56.S 

1850 47,167 925 .... 39,309 .... 40,234 .... 87,401 32,924 60.4 

The industry of Florida is devoted almost wholly to agriculture and commerce, the manufactures of the State as yet 
being of small account, and consisting of such branches only as those the position of the inliabitants immediately demands. 
None of the great national manufactures have yet been introduced, and hence manufactured goods of almost every 
description are imported from the Northern States and exchanged for the indigenous agricultural staples of the soil — an 
exchange creating a large commercial movement between the different sections of the Union, and in the interior of the 
State itself. The statistics of the wealth and industry of the State, as furnished by the census of 1S50, and other official 
retin-ns, are as follows ; 

Occupied Landfi^ etc. — Improved lands, 849,049 acres, and unimproved lands, 1,236,240 acres — valued in ca.sh at 
$6,323,109. Whole number of farms under cultivation, 4,804. Value of farming implements and machinery, $658,795. 

Litie-Stock—MoTsu?, 10,845; asses and mules, 5,002; milch cows. 72.870: working oxen, 6,794; other cattle, 182.415; 
sheep, 28,311 ; and swine, 209,4!)3 — valued in tlie aggregate at $2,330,053. (In 1S40 there were 12,043 horses, mules, ete. ; 
116,050 neat-cattle of all kinds ; 7,193 sheep, and 92,680 hogs.) 

Grain Crops.~^W heat^ 1,027 liusbels; rye, 1,152 bushels; Indian corn, 1,990,369 bushels; oats, 60.556 bushels: barley, 
bushels ; and buckwheat, 55 bushels. (The crops of 1539^0 were — wheat, 412 bushels ; barley, 30 bushels ; oats, 
13,829 bushels ; rye, 305 bushels ; buckwheat, bushels ; and Indian corn, 398,974 bushels.) 

Other (?rops.—Eicc, 1,075,090 pounds; tobacco, 993,014 pounds; ginned cotton, 4.5,131 bales of 400 pounds ; peas and 
beans, 185,359 bushels; Irish potatoes, 7,S2S bushels; sweet potatoes, 757,226 bushels; bay, 2,510 tons; clover-seed, ; 
and other grass-seed, 2 bushels ; hops, 14 pounds ; hemp, dew-rotted, tons, and water-rotted, tons ; flax, 50 pounrls ; 
flax-.seed. bushels; mnplc sugar. pounds; cane sugar, 2,752 hogsheads of 1,000 pounds; molasses, 352,593 gallons ; 
wine. 10 gallons, etc. The value of orchard products was $1,200, and of market-garden products, $8,721. The annexed 
table will exhibit the staple crops of 1340 and 1S50 comparatively : 

staples. 13^0. IS50. Inrrense , 

Cane Sugar 275,317 pounds 2,752,000 pounds 2.476,053 pounds, or 899..57 per c ent. 

Ginned Cotton 12,110,633 " 13,0.52,400 " ,5,941.567 " or 49.110 '■ 

Tobticco 7.'),274 " 995,014 " 923,340 " or 226.64 " 

Rico 431,420 " 1,075,000 " 643,670 " « 149.19 " 

P)-0(fKrto of Jinnm/s.— Wool, 2-3.247 (in 18)0. 7,235) pounds ; butter, .371.495 pounds : cheese, 13,015 pounds; and the 
value of animals slaughtered during the year hail been $514,035. Silk cocoons were produced to the amount of 6 (in 
1340. 1241) pounds, and beeswax and honey, to that of 13.971 pounds. 

I/omr-mride manufacturm for the year ending 30th June, 15511, were valued at $75,552. (In 1540. $20,205). 

j!/(i;i«/iiefiwffl.— Aggregate capital invested, $1,209,107 ; value of raw material, fuel. etc.. used and consumed, $412,080 ; 
average number of h.ands employed, 1.192— males, 1,112, and females, 80 ; average monthly cost of labor— male. $.37,216, 
•and female. $9,372; annual value of products, $962,114. The whole number of manutacluring establishments, producing 
to the annual value of $500 and upward, was one hundred and twenty-one. 
220 



FLORIDA. 



Co?n}}ierce.~-F\onda, in Ibe year etidiiig .30(h June, 1S50, exported to foreign countries to the value of $'2,6:^0,624, of 
which amount $2,607,963 represented donieslic product-, antl $15,G5G fi)n.'i;:ii merchandise re-exported. The proportion 
of the total value of domestic produce carried in foreign bottoms, was $1.493,999— the remainder in national vessels. The 
foreign imports for the same year amounted in value to $9r>,T09, of which $:iO,241 was carried in American, and $65.46S 
in foreign vessels. The greatest portion of the cxporLs are cleared from Appalachicola, which is also tlie outlet of Eastern 
Alabama, and South-western Georgia, whence produce is brouglit down tlie river in steamboats. The shipping entered 
at all the ports of the State amounted to 1T,9S0 tons, of whicli was foreign 10.462 tons; and the shipping cleared, to 
22,156, of which was foreign 12,184 tons. The tonnage owned in the several eollcctiou districts of the State, was as follows : 





Reg. 


stereil. 


EnmlkJ : 


tid I.iriTiSPi], 


Lii-ensed 
under 2(1 Ions 

.. 77 

. . 71 ... . 

. . 2D9 . . . . 
..407 .... 


Total 

Tu.nidge. 

. 1,793 . . . 

. 85S . . . 
. 310 . . . 
. 2,050 . . . 
. . 6,706 . . . 

. 11,272 . . . 




Collection Districta. 

rt'nsacola 

St. Augustine . . 
St. Marli's 


P^riii'l. 


Te,.,|.'.y. 

.... \;iil ... 

.... 1,S98 ... 
... 2,019 .. 


IVnn'l. 
. . . 4'J.T . . 

. . . 2S2 . . 
. . . 810 . . 
. . . 2.000 . . 
. . . 1,546 . . 

...4,083 .. 


'l.,„|.„r«rj. 

... 51C ... 
... 646 ... 


by St'Mrn. 






79 


Appalachicola . 
Key West 

Total .... 


.. 8,017 .. 
.. 8,01T .. 


. . . 2,050 

56 

...2,1S5 



79 

The coasting trade of Florida is immensely larger than its direct foreign trade, and employs a large tonnage both 
of steam and sail vessel-!. Of the cotton exported in 1851,70.547 bales were sent direct to foreign ports, and lll,.532 coa.st- 
wise, and so with other staples— which facts illustrate the course of Florida commerce. The statistics of Iho foreign 
commerce of the State for a series of years, exhibit the following movements ; 



Y'-arit. Imjiorts. 

1S21 $1.3,270 

1S23 6,S77 

1S23 4,S08 

1S24 6,986 

1S25 3,218 

1S26 10,590 

1827 257,994 57,480 

1823 168,292 00,321 

1S29 163,642 60,080 

1S30 82,089 7,670 



Exports. 

. $ 

. 1,777 
. 1,510 

216 
. 2,865 

200 



Years. 
1831 . 
1S33 . 
18.33 . 

1834 . 

1835 . 

1836 . 
1S37 
1838 . 



I,„,.ort>. 



Exports. 

$30,495 
65,716 
64,805 

228,825 
61,710 
71,662 
90,084 

122,.532 

334,806 



Yeara. Imports. 

1S41 $14.5.181 . 

1842 176,980. 

1843 158,632 . 

1844 ....... 155,095 . 

1S!5 107,808 . 

1840 140,534. 

1847 143,298 . 

1848 64,207 1,890,083 

1849 63,211 2,618,027 

1S50 95,709 2,623,624 



$30,629 
33,384 

T0ll,6SS 
1,011.416 
1,514,715 

170,4.48 
1,810,.538 



$115,710 . 
300,845 . 
85,386 . 
135,798 . 
. 98,173 . 
121,745 . 
805,514 . 
16S090 . 

18.39 279,283 . 

1S40 190,728 1,358,860 1 

InUrnat Communication. — Florida, beyond those provided by nature, has but few means of internal commimieulioii. 
In the south there are several military roads to depend on ; and in the north, where greater progress has been ntade in llie 
settlement of the country, there are some short railroails, and more progress has been made in opening inter-eonmutni- 
cation by ordinary roads. There are, however, several public works of great importance to the prosperity of the State 
projected ; one of which, the Ship Canal, or railroad across the neck of the peninsula, will be of vital importance to the 
commerce of the Gulf ol^Iexico; and the railroads from Savarmah and Brunswick to Appalachicola, will also be the* 
means of opening up Uie southern parts of Georgia to the Floridian Gulf ports. There is also a railroad projected from 
some point on the St. Mary's River to Pensacola. 

GoDenunent. — The constitution of Florida provides that all free white male citizens, twenty-one years of age, who shall 
have resided in the State two years, and in the county six months next preceding, shall be eligible to vote at elections. 

The Legislature, styled the General Assembly, consists of a Senate and House of Representatives. Eej^resentatives art) 
elected for one year, and senators for two years. Representation is apportioned every ten years according to population, 
three-fifths of the slaves being counted in the representative numbers. The general election takes place on the tirst 
ilonday of October, and the Assembly meets bienniidly on the third Monday in November. 

The governor is elected by a plurality of votes for four years, and is ineligible for the four years next aflcr. lie must 
be at least thirty years of age, and have been ten years a citizen of the United States, or an inhabitant of Florida at the 
adoption of the constitution, and a resident thereof for five years next before the election. The governor h.as a qualified 
veto on all legislative acts. In case of the disability or death of the governor,/;'**, the President of the Senate, and 
eecond, the Speaker of the House of Representatives act in his stead for such part of the term as may be unexpired. 

No officer in u banking company, while he serves in a bank, or for twelve months afterward, shall be eligible for the 
office of governor, senator, or representative ; nor shall a duelist or second in a duel hold any ofliec under the State. 
The Secretary of State is elected by the Legislature for four years. 

The Jutliciary consists of a Supremo Court, Circuit Courts, and several courts of minor jurisdiction. The Supremo 
Court has appellate jurisdiction only, and is composed of a chief justice and two associate justices. It holds four sessions 
annually — one at Tallahassee, on the first Monday of .January ; one at Jacksonville, on the third Monday of February ; 
one at Tampa, on the first Monday of March ; aiul one at .Mariana, on the third Monday of March. When one or two 
of Uic judges are disqualified from silling in any cause, the vacancy is lilleil by a corresponding number of circuit judges. 
For the iiur|)ose of holding Circuit Courts, the State is divided into four circuits, viz., the Western, the Middle, the Etist- 
ern, and the Southern, to each of which there is one judge. The Circuit Courts have original common-law jurisdielioti in 
all matters, civil and criminal, and also original equity jurisdiclion, until a separate Chancery Court is established by the 
Legislature. The judges are now elected by concurrent votes of the two houses of the Geiier.al Assembl.v. .\n act wiis 
pa-ssed, however, in 1S60-51, giving the election to the people, and limiting their term to six years ; but this act has to be 
sanctioned by another Legislature before becoming law. 

Respecting tanking, the constitution provides that " no bank charter shall be for more than lliirty years, nor shall it eviT 
be extended or renewed. The capital of a bank shall not exe.-i'd $100,001), nor shall a dividend bo made exeee.lmg 10 
per cent a year. Stockhol.lers shall be inilividually liable for the debts of the bank, and no notes shall be issued for less 
than $5." And, in rehition to corporations, it furth.-r provides, that - no act orincorpoulion shall be passed or altered except 
by the asBenlof two-thirds of each house, and by giving three months' notice." "The credit of the State shall not be 
pledged in aid of anv corporation whatsoever.'' 

221 



FLORIDA. 



"With regard to slavery, the same instrument says : " No law shall be passed to emancipate slaves, or to prohibit the 
immigration of persona bringing slaves with them ; but free colored persons may be prevented from entering the State/' 

For an amendment of the constitution, two-thirds of each house must assent ; the proposed alteration must then be 
pubfished six months before the succeeding election, and then be again approved by a two-thirds vote in the succeeding 
General Assembly. 

Florida, under the law-distribuling congressional representation, has only one representative in Congress. 

Finances, '!tc— The assessed value of all real and personal property in the State in 1S50, was $22.7S4,S37 ; the value 
truly estimated, $2,862,270. Florida has no public debL The balance in the treasury for the year ending 1st Nov., l<47, 
was $:i.755 10 ; and the receipts for the year ending 1st Nov., 1S4S, amounted to $56,932 "2 — making the resources for that 
year $60,5s7 82. The aggregate expenditures during the year were $59,259 72, leaving in the treasury, for future dis- 
bursement, $1,323 10. The average ordinary expenses of the government, however, is only about $45,000 per annum. 

Rdigioua DeriomincUione.— The statistics of the religions denominations of Florida, according to the census of 1850) 
are as follows : 



Denotnina- *No- of 
tions. Cliurchea. 

Baptist 45.. 

Christian ... — .. 


Cliurcli 
Rccom. 

10,400 . . 


Value of 
Prupeily. 

. $25,640 


Denomina. No. of 
tipus. Charches 

Germ'n Kef. — . . 
•Tewisli — .. 


Church 


Value of 
Properly. 

. »- 


Denomtna- No. of 
tiona. Churches. 

Eom. Cath. 6 . . 

Tunker — . . 


Church 
accom. 

1,S60 . . 


Vahieof 
Property. 

. $18,600 


Cungregafi. — .. 
Dutch Kef. . — . . 


— ■■ 


— 


Lutheran . . — . . 
Mennonite , — . . 


I :: 


— 


Union — . . 

Unitarian . . — . . 


z ■• 


— 


Episcopal .. 10 .. 
Free 1.. 


3,810 . . 
400.. 


. 87,800 
400 


Methodist .. 75.. 
Moravian... — .. 


18,010 . . 


. 65,200 


Universali&t — . . 
Minor Sects 2 . . 


1,000 . . 


1.200 


Friends .... — .. 


— .. 


— 


Prcabyteri'n 34 . . 


6,700.. 


. $31,600 


Total.... 152.. 


41,1T0 . 


. $165>400 



Florida is a diocese of the Protestant Episcopal Church ; and it constitutes parts of the Eoman Catholic dioceses 
of Savannah and Mobile— in the diocese of Savannah is included all of the State east of the Appal achicola, and in 
that of Mobile all west of that river. 

Education. — Florida is as y^ but ill provided with schools; it has no institutions in which a liberal education can be 
obtained, nor are the existing public schools or academics efficient in their organization. The State has ample means for 
the support of public schools from the proceeds of the lands designated by Congress for that purpose, and the State con- 
stitution makes it imperative on the Legislature to organize and provide for a system of public education. The peculiar 
circumstances of the people, and the sparsity of the population, however, will, for a long time to come, present obstacles 
to the operation of any system devised, and more than apologize for any deficiencies that may be observed in the educa- 
tional condition of the inhabitants. These matters must be left to time and favoring circumstances. 

Periodical Press.— There are 11 newspapers published in the State, of which 10 are issued weekly, and 1 serai-weekly ; 
and of these 5 are whig in politics, 3 democratic, 1 neutral, and two, the politics of which are not staled in the census. 
The semi-weekly paper has an average circulation of 200 at each issue, or 20,S00 copies annually ; and the 10 weekly 
papers an aggregate circulation of 5,550, or 2S8,*)00 copies annually, making the 309,400 copies the total annual issue. The 
papers having the largest circulations are, the '■ Commercial Advertiser" of Appalaehieola, which is 1,500 copies weekly ; 
the " Sentinel,*" and " Floridian and JournaP' of Tallahassee — the first having a weekly circulation of 1,300, and the latter 
of SOO, and the "Florida Kcpublican," which issues 700 weekly; none of the others circulate more than 400 copies of 
each issue. 

Ui^orical J?ifr€ti:?i. — The adventures of Narvaez, and the romantic wnnderings of Ponce de Leon and De Soto, the 
buccaneering of the English, the wars waged with Oglethorpe by the Spaniards, and more recently, the long and 
bloody Indian wars, have given to Florida a greater historical interest than attaches to any other portion of the Union. But 
as one of the youngest sisters of our confederacy, but comparatively little is known of its geography, resources, and pro- 
ductions. Peninsulated from almost all intercourse with other States, it lies out of the great thoroughfare of travel; and 
while the commerce of the Great West sweeps around its shores, they are looked upon as so many dangerous reefs and 
rocks, threatening destruction to the mariner. In the foregoing sketch the aim has been to give an idea of the present 
actual state and condition of the country. Its history is briefly as follows: 

Florida was discovered in 1496 by Cabot, and was visited by Ponce de Leon in 1512, who came in search of the spring 
of perpetual youth and beauty, and fabled mines of gold, the fame of which had filled all Europe. In 1562 we find tlie 
French and Spaniards contesting their respective rights to the soil. San Augustine was settled in 15tJ4, it being by forty 
years the oldest settlement in the United States. Pensacola was settled in 1596. 

The archives cf the country during the Spanish rule having been carried away, it is difficult to judge to what extent the 
country was settlcQ previous to its cession to Great Britain. Remains of ancient settlements exist between the Suwanee and 
Chattalioochee rivers ; tlie traces of old fortifications, roads, etc., are very distinct, and gun-barrels, pottery, ship-spikes, 
etc., are found ; but the public opinion of the country is rather inclined to attril)ute these to the buccaneers, and the quan- 
tity of ship-spikes, etc., found, seem to render the opinion highly probable. It is presumable, therefore, from the known 
inertness of the Spanish character, and the slight progress made by them in the sclllement of new conntries. that Uieir 
settlements in Florida were of very little extent; and, with the exception of establisliing a few missions, they never 
ventured far IVoro the coast, and paid but little attention to the cultivation of the soil. 

The cession to Great Britain was made in 1763: most of the Spaniards left the country, and it, soon began to prosper 
under the energetic impulse communicated by the Anglo-Saxon race. Efforts at settlement on a large scale were imme- 
diately undertaken, the government favoring the enterprise by granting large tracts to settlers. Doctor Tumbul! brought 
1,500 families from the islands and shores of the Mediterranean, and located them at New Smyrna; and Lord IJolle, 
Governor Moultrie, Lord Beresford, and others established settlements; and on the breaking out of the Kevolution, largo 
numbers of royalists came into the country from Georgia and Carolina. In 1780 the exports of Florida reached 40,000 
barrels of naval stores ; and at this time one of the principal articles of culture was indigo, which in llie markets of London 
brought a higher price than that from any other countrj'. The British possession of the country continued for but twenty 
years, but during that period more was effected in settling and improving the country than in the two hundred years 
of Spanish occupation. 

But, unfortunately for Florida, in 17S3 the province was retro-ceded (o Spain, and the English population, which in 
1778, in East Florida alone, numbered over 13,000, principally kfl the country and went into the adjoining States. From 



FLO 



FLU 



tbia period to its cession to the United States in 1S'21— ;i iieriod of n<_arly forty years— It languislied and struggled along 
with diflicully; cultivation was neglected, the Knglish SL-Iileinonls hsivinj; been allowed to go to ruin ; and at no lime 
during this period was the population in both the I'Mori'las esliinated at over 10,000, a large portion of whom lived iu 
towns, or were Iiangers-on of government. The Spanish population, to a considerable extent, left the country upon il3 
cession, and immigration began to flow in rapidly; but the unsurvcyed state of the country, the uncertainty of land-titles, 
etc., militated against its settlement; and the fierce and turbulent Indian race, who had made it a battle-ground for over 
two hundred and fifty years, and who had never been conquered, and had no egress from their peninsular home, occu- 
pied the best lands, rendering it impossible to obtain them. But yet in spite of all these obstacles, a considerable 
population planted themselves in the country. 

The territory was now beginning to reap the fruits of its American occupation, when in 1S35 the desolating Seminole 
war broke out and continued for seven years, rendering all habitation out of the limits of the occupied parts insecure, and 
destroying all the improvements which had been undertaken. In 1842 this war terminated, and the Indians, after a 
struggle of nearly three hundred years, were forced to yield, and wore nearly all transferred beyond the Mississippi. Thus 
the population of Florida liad, up to 1S42, undergone four ent'u*e revnlutions, and after having been settled by the Kuropcan 
race for two hundred and eighty years, was forced to l)egin anew the settlement of the country. Since this period, how- 
ever, it has progressed with reasonal>lo rapiilily, and in 1845 it was admitted into the Union as an independent State. 
The few Indians now remaining, altluiugli tliey have given some temporary trouble to the inhabitants, have lately 
made up their minds to abandon their Immcs, and will, before long, be domiciled with tiieir brethren in the country 
beyond the limits of the white settlements, set apart for them by the beneficence of the Government, where alone they can 
be protected from utter annihilation. 

Tallakassee is the political capital of the State. 



Florida, t. and p. o., Ilillsdale co., Mich. : 56 m. S. by "W. 
Lansing. 

Florida, p. v., Monroe co., Mo. : on the S. side of the N. 
fork of Fall r., GX m. N. by E. Jefferson City. 

Florida, t. and p. o., Berkshire county, J/(/.«. ; lOG m. 
"W. by N. Boston. Brained by Cold r. and other tribularits 
ofDeerfield r., which have extensive water-power. Surface 
hilly ; soil adapted to grass. Pop. 56t. 

Florida, p. v., Orange co., N'. Y. : 9i m. S. by W. Albany. 
It has several mills and about 3Q0 inhabitants. 

Floeida, p. v., Henry county, Ohio: on the N. si<lc of 
Maumee r., and on the line of the "^'abash and Krie Canal, 
112 m. N. N. "W. Columbus. It is a flourishing place of 200 
iDliabitants. 

Fl<jrida Bend, p. o., Avoyelles par., Xtf. ; 62 m. N."W. 
Baton Kouge, 

Floris, p. v., Davis co., Ta. : on a branch of Chcqucst cr- 
of Des Moines r., G7 m. S. S. W. Iowa City. 

Flobisaxt, p. v., St, Louis county. Mo. : on Cold Water 
creek, a small stream of Missouri river, 106 m. E. by N. 
Jefferson City. 

Flour.voys, p. 0., Nacogdoches co., Tea\ : 22G m. E. N. E. 
Austin City. 

Flower Creek, p. o., Pendleton county, A'y. ; on a cr. of 
Licking r. so called, 57 m. N. E. Frankfort. 

Flowerfield, t. and p. c. St. .Joseph's co., Mich. : 7S m. 
S.'W. Lansing. Drainedby Rocky r. of St. Joseph r., which, 
with its tributaries, affords extensive mill-power. Surface 
diversified; soil, a dcep-blaek alluvion, or vegetable mold. 
The t. contains several saw and flouring mills, but is as yet 
thinly populated. Pop .503. 

Flowejiy Mcsnd, p. 0. Concordia parish, Za.; 92 m. 
N. N.W. Baton Rouge. 

Floyd county, Ga. Situate N. W., and contains 452 
sq. m. Drained by the Ooslanaula and Etowah rivers, 
uniting in the E. part of the county : these form the Coosa, 
which nms W. into the Alabama. Several minor streams, 
affluents of the rivers above named, also traverse the coun- 
try. Surface hilly and broken; soil, except on the alluvial 
borders of the rivers, of indifferent quality. The crops of 
this CO. arc more various than in the S. counties, and consist 
chiefly of corn, wheat, etc., with a little cotton. Grazing is 
extt>nsively pnicliced. Farms 897; manuf. 15; dwell. SOfJ, 
and pop._wh. 5,202, fr. col. 4, si. 2,999— total S,205. Capital : 
Rome. Public Works: Rome R. E. ; Rome and Jackson- 
ville R. R. 

Floyd county, Tm7. Situate on Ohio r., and contains 144 
sq. m. Drained by Silver and other creeks. A range, 
called the "Knobs," traverses the co. in a N. and S. direc- 
tion. These hills, from 1 to 3 miles wide, are covered with 
fiDO timber— oak and pine. SoU various— little first rate. 



Com and grasses are the chief products. Manufactures 
and siiip-building are carried on extensively near the Ohio. 
Farms 42S ; manuf. 106 : dwell. 2,44S, and pop.— wh. 14.305, 
fr. col. 570— total 14,^75. Capital : New Albany. Public 
Works : New Albany and Jifalem R. K. 

Floyd county, la. Situate N. middle, and contains 570 
q. ni. Taken from Potfowattomce in 1S5I. 

Floyd county, K>/. Situate E., and contains 9G0 sq. m. 
Draineil by Licking r., which rises in this county, and by 
numerous creeks of the \V. fork of Big Sandy r. Surface 
considerably broken, well wooded, and along the streams 
fertile and productive. There are depositsof iron and coal, 
and also salt .springs. Farms 3G5; raannf. 4; dwell. SG2; 
and pop.— wh. 5.503, fr. col. 62, si. 149— total 5,714. Cap- 
ital: Prestonbtirg. 

Floyd county, Virff. Situate [S. middle, and contains 
525 sq. m. Drained by E. fork of New r., and otliers, its 
tributary creeks. Surface mountain-valley, bounded both 
E. and "W. by ragged hills ; soil adapted to grass, oab». etc. 
Farms 444; manuf. 16; dwell. 9S7, and pop. — wh. 6,000, fr- 
cuj. IT), si. 443— total 6,453. Capital; Floyd Court-house 
(Jacksonville). 

Floyd, t. and p. v., Oneida co., 2f. K ; ST m. W. N. W. 
Albany. Drained by Nine Mile cr. of Mohawk r., which 
forms its S. boundary. Surface rolling; soil, clay marl, 
adapted to grass; along the Mohawk are rich alluvial flats. 
The v. lies about the centre of the t., 6 ra. E. Rome. In the 
town arc several woolen and cotton mills, etc. Pop.l,4P5. 

Floyd Coitrt-uouse, p. o., Floyd co., Virg. : on the S. 
side of E. fork of New r., 16S m. W. S.W. Richmond. The 
village is called Jacksonville. Pop. of v. 120. 

Floydsburgh, p. T., OMhara co., Aj/. ; on Floyd's cr. of 
Salt r.,34 m. W. by N. Frankfort. Pop. 120. 

Floyd's Mills, p. o., Horry dist., >S'. Car. : 104 m. E. by S. 
Columbia. 

Fluke's, p. o., Botetourt eo., Virff. : 147 m.AY. Riclimond. 

Flume, p. c, Grafton co., JH. Bctrnp.: on Pomigewasset 
river, GG m. N. by W. Concord. The country in the neigh- 
borhood is one of the wildest mountain-regions of the State, 
and is much visited by summer tourista. 

Flushing, t. and p. o., Genesee co., Mich. : 37 m. K. N. K. 
Lansing. Drained chiefly by Coal or. of Flint r. Surface 
level and elevated ; soil of moderate fertility. Pop. 70k. 

Flusuing, t. and p. v.. Queens co.«y K Y. : 124 ni. S. l)y E. 
Albany. Drains into Long Island Sound, which bounds it 
on the N. Flushing Bay makea its W. and Little Neck 
Bay its E. border. Surface generally level — on tlie S. trav- 
ersed by a etony ridge ; soil a sandy loam, with some cl.ay. It 
is a well-cultivated t,, and produces a vast amount of mar- 
ket vegetables. The v. lies at the head of Fiusliing Ray, 
and contains a Roman Catholic, Episcop,aI, and 2 Methodist 

223 



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churches, and 2 Friends' meoUiig-houses, about 20 stores, 
200 dwellings, and 2,5U0 inhabitants. It is much frequented 
in the summer months, and steamboats \^\y regularly to and 
from New York Cily. f^t. Paul's College, an Episcopal 
seminary, is situated on College Point, about 2 ra. N. of the 
village. Two newspapers, the "Flushing Journal," and 
the "Plain Dealer," arc issued weekly. Pop. oft. 5,S76. 

Fi-TTsniNG, t. and p. v., Eelniont co., O/tio : 9S m. E. by N. 
Columbus. Drained by Still-water or. of Tuscarawas r. The 
V. contains various mechanic shops and stores, and about 
200 inhabitants, many of whona are Quakers. Pop. oft. 1,912. 
Flusuing bay, JV. Y. : an arm of Long Island Sound. It 
is 3 mile long, and about 1 mile wide, and navigable to the 
village of Flushing for steamboats. 

Fluvanna county, Virg. Situate E. centrally, and con- 
tains 416 si|. ra. Drained by affluents of ZMvanna and James 
mers, theJlrst of which passes through the eo. from N. W. 
to S. E., and the last marks its S. border. Surface generally 
broken, but between the rivers there is a level tract of bar- 
ren land. Soils indifferent, except on the rivers, where they 
are rich allurion, and very fertile. Gold is found in all parts 
of the CO., and has been extensively gathered in the vicin- 
ity of Pahnjra. Cotton and the cereals form the chief sta- 
ples. Farms 454; manuf. 51; dwell. S7S, and pop.— wh. 
4,539, fr. col. 211, si. 4,T3T— total 9,487. Capital: Palmyra. 
Fluvakna, p.v., Cliautauque CO., ^'! Y.: 279 m.W.S.W. 
Albany. 

Fly Creek, p. o., La Grange co., /«(/. ; 183 m. N. by E. 
Indianapolis. 
Fly Creek, p. c, Otsego co., K. T. : 49 m."W. Albany. 
Fly Mountain, p. o., Ulster county, 2s\ Y. : 53 m. S. S.W. 
Albany, 

Flynn'8 Lick, p. c, Jackson co., Tenn.: on a tributary 
of Cumberland r. so called, 57 m. E. by N. Nashville. 
Focut's Forge, p. o., Schuylkill co., Penn, 
FoGEESviLLE, p. V., Lchigh CO., Penn.: 73 m. E. N. E. 
Ilarrisburg. It has about 20 dwellings. 

Fonda, v., and cap. Montgomery co., N. Y. : on the N. 
side of Mohawk r., 87 m."\V. N.W. Albany. The Uticaand 
Schenectady E. K. passes through it. lis principal build- 
ings are the court-house, jail, etc., and it has several exten- 
sive manufacturing establishments. A newspaper, the "F. 
Sentinel*' (whig), is issued weekly. Pop. about 600. 

Fond du Lac county, TTwc Situate E. middle, and con- 
tains 964 sq. m. Drained in the "W. by numerous streams 
fulling into Winnebago Lake, and in the E. by streams 
flowing to Lake Michigan. The Sheboygan and Milwaukic 
rivers are the largest of these ; the soils excellent, and wot)d 
plentiful ; about one half the surface prairie, and there are 
some swamps and ponds. Farms 921; manuf. IG; dwell. 
2,721, and j)i>p.— wh. 14,405, fr. col. 3— total 14,463. Cuplhi} : 
Fond du Lac. Public Works : Fond du Lac and Chicago 
E. II., and others projected ; also several plank-roads. 

Fond du LAa p. v., and cap. Fond du Lac co., Wise. : on 
a river of the same name, near its entrance into the lake, G6 
m. N. E. Madison. It is a place of active trade, and steam- 
boats run regularly between this and other places on llie 
lake and the Neenah r. Pop. about 2,000. A newspaper, 
the "Fond du Lac Journal" (dem.), is issued -weekly. 

Fond du Lac, a lake. Wise. : this lake is from 30 to 35 m. 
long, and about S m. wide, and has a depth suflBcient for the 
purposes of navigation. The Neenah r. enters it-near the 
middle on the W. shore, and leaves it at the N. W. angle 
by two channels, inclosing Doty's Island, by which it is 
connected with Little Bulte des Moris Lake. These clian- 
nels are known as thp "Winnebago liapids. On the N. 
extremity the shore is low, having a narrow sandy beach for 
an extent of about S ra. On the E. side (he shore presents 
remarkable features for an extent of 15 m., in a wall com- 
posed of rocks laid together as if placed there by the hand 
of art. A similar wall pertains to portions of the W. shore, 
but with less continuity than is observed on the E. In many 
respects the scenery resembles that (»f Seneca Lake, in N. Y. 
224 



FoRBDsn, p. 0., Surrey co., y^. Car. ; 123 m. "W, N. "W. 
Ealeigh. 

FoKDiiAM, p. v., "Westchester co., N. Y. : on the line of the 
Harlem li. li., 12 m. N. New York City. The v. contains 
about 70 dwellings, and is the seat of St. John's College, a 
Jesuit institution, and one of Iho most efficient schools of 
the United Stales. It was founded inlS41,and in 1S50 had 
16 professors and Co students, and a library containing 
12,600 volumes. lis alumni numbered 43. It has also a 
preparatory school attached. This institution is not only for 
those of the Koman Catholic persuasion, but is open to all. 

FonnsviLLE, p. v., Marion co.. Miss. : on the W. side and 
about 2 m. distant from Pearl r., &2 m. S. by E. Jackson. 

FoRDsviLLE, p. v.j Ohio couuty, Ky.: IIS m. "W. by S. 
Frankfort. 

Ft-tRESTBURGn, t. and p. v., Sullivan co., K. Y. : S6 m. 
S. S. "W. Albany. Drained by Ncversink r., which affords 
water-power. Surface hilly; soil gravelly loam; white and 
yellow pine abounds. The v. contains about 20 dwellings. 
Pop. oft. 715. 

FoRKST CiTT, p. v., Tompkins county, K. Y. : 134 m. "W. 
Albany. 

Forest Dale, p. o., Rutland co., Venn. 

Forest Hill, p. o., Decatur county, I?id.: 49 m. S. E. 
Indianapolis. 

Forest Hill, p. c, Union co., Pern}.: 49 m. N. by E. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Forest Lake, t. and p. o., Susquehanna co., Penn. : 137 
m. N. N. E. Ilarrisburg. 

Forest Prtreat, p. o., Nicholas co., Ky.: on the line 
of the Lexington and Maysvillc E. E., 49 m. E. N. E. 
Frankfort. 

FoKESTviLLE, p. V., Wakc CO., N. Car, : on the line of the 
Gaston and Kaleigh R. R., 16 m. N. Gaston. 

FoRESTviLLE, p. V., Hartford co.. Conn. : on the line of the 
Providence, Hartford, and FishkiU R. R., 15 m. "W. S. "W. • 
Hartford. 

FoRESTviLLE, p. V., Delaware co./ Ohio : 47 ra. N. by W. 
Columbus. 

Forge Village, p. v., Middlesex co.. Mam. : on the Mne 
of Stony Brook R. R., 6 m. E. by N. Groton, and 27 m. 
N. W. Boston. 

Forked Deer river, Tenn. : rises by several large branch- 
es in Carroll and Henderson counties, which in Dyer and 
Haywood counties collect themselves into two principal 
constituents, which form the main stream a little S. W. of 
Dyersburg, and run thence to the Mississippi r., which is 
entered by several mouths forming a deltoid, composed of 
several islands. The average length of the streams is about 
100 miles. 

Forked River, p. o., Monmouth co., y. Jer. 

Fork Inn. p. o., Dinwiddle co., Virg. : on the Petersburg 
and Farmville Turnpike, 27 ra. S S. "W. Richmond. 

FoRKLAND, p. o., GrccDe county, Ala. : 103 m. W. by N. 
Montgomery. 

Fork Meeting House, p. o., Baltimore co., Md. : on tho 
S. side of Gunpowder Falls, 34 m. N. by E. Annapolis. 

Fork Ridge, p. o,, Marshall county, Virg. : 22S in.N."W. 
Richmond. 

Forks of Butfalo, p. o., Marion ca, Virg. : on Buffalo 
creek of Monongahela r., 208 m. N. W. Richmond. The 
Ijallimore and Ohio R. R. follows the vaUey of this stream 
on its N. side. 

Forks of Elkhorn, p. o., Franklin co., Ay. ; on Elkhom 
cr., 9 ra. E. by N. FrankforL 

Forks op Mary's Ru-er, p. o., Benton co., Oreg. : on St. 
Mary's r., 11 m. S. W. Salem. 

Forks of Pigeon, p. o., Haywood co., y. Car. : on Big 
Pigeon r., where it bifurcates 9 m. E. S. E. "Waynesville, 
and 246 m. "W. by S. Raleigh. 

FoRKSTOS, p. v., "Wyoming county, Pc-7in. : 9S m. N. E. 
Ilarrisburg. 

FoRKSViLLE,p. 0., Lake co., III. : 196 m. N. E. Springfield. 



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FoBKsviLLK, p. v., MfcUIonbur^h cimty, Vhy. : 7S m. 
3. W. Kiehmniul. 

FoRKSviLLE, p. v., "Wachita par., Zn. : 152 m. N. N. W. 
Baton Kouge. 

i''oRKTo\VN,p.v., Somerset CO., Md. :C\ft m. S.E. Aiinapnlis. 

Fork Union, p. o., l-'Iuvanna co., Viiy. : 57 in. W. N. W. 
Ilichmond. 

FoiiNET'6, p. 0., Lincoln co., i\'". Oir.: 143 ni, W. by B. 
Ealeigh. 

FoBUKST Home, p. o., Cass coanly, Tkt". ; SOS ra. N. E. 
Austin City. 

FoitsYTU counly, Ga. Situate N. centrally, and contains 
2?S sq. m. Drained by affluents of ChattaUoocliee n, wliicli 
demark8 its E. and S. E. borders, and of the Etowah, which 
runs tlirough the N. "W. corner. Surface hilly, being trav- 
ersed by the rugged watershed between the Elowah and 
Chattahoochee rivers. Soils, except on the streams, of 
Inferior quality. Timber abundant, and of various sorts. 
Gold has been found in this co. to a considerable extent. 
The agricultural products are the grains, with some cotton 
and tobacco. Farms 765; manuf. 8; dwell. 1,33-1, and pop. 
— wh. 7,S12, fr. col. 11, si. 1,027— total S,S50. Capital: 
Curaniing. 

FoESvrn county, y. Car. Situate N. middle, and con- 
tains 3% sq. m. Drained by affluents of Dan r. in the N., 
and of Yadkin r. in the S.,thc latter of which forms in more 
than half its length the W. bftundary. Surfac(! broken ; 
gnil fertile. Farms 9SG ; manuf. SO; dwell. 1.789, and pop. 
— wh. 9,663, fr. col. 152, si. l,o53— total 11,16S. Ctqntal: 
Winston. 

FoBSYTii, p. v., and cap. Monroe co., Ga. : on a branch 
of Ocmulgee r., 47 m.W. MiUedgeville. It has a fine court- 
house, a jail, three churches, several mechanic shops, and 
numerous stores, and about 600 inhabitants. A newspa])er, 
the " Bee," is issued weekly. The Macon and Western 
E. n. passes through the village, 24 m. from Macon. 

FoitsvTH, p. v., and cap. Taney co., Mo. : on the N. bank 
of White r., where it is joined by Swan cr., 142 m. S. by \T. 
Jefferson City. It contains the co. offices, several stores, 
and about SO inhabitants. One of the best agricultural 
Beetions of the Slate, now fast filling up with an industrious 
population, lies about it. The canal h.ashere two locks, and 
its summit level. It contains about 600 inhabitants. 

Fort Adams, p. v., "Wilkinson co., Jf/'ss:. : on the E. side 
of tho Mississippi r., opposite Ked liiver Landing, 114 m. 
S. W. Jackson. 

Fort Adams: a IT. S. military post. Department No. 1. 
Eastern Division, Newport, Ji. I. Lat. 41° 30' N., and 
long. 710 IS' W. 

Fout Ancient, p. v-iWarren co., Ohio : on the line of the 
Little Miami E. R., 41 m. from Cincinnati, and 63 m. S. W. 
Columbus. 

FoET Ann, t and p. v., "Washington county, 7^. Y. : 5S m. 
N. by E. Albany. Drained by several creeks falling into 
Lake Champlain and Lake George, the latter of which 
marks its N. W. border. Surface mountainous, but much 
diversified ; soils various — sand, clay, and alluvion. The 
village is situate on the Champlain Canal, and also on the 
line of the Saratoga and Waf^hington li. U. The canal has 
here three locks, and its Summit level. It contains several 
stores, and about 600 inhabitants. Fort Ann, a celebrated 
stronghold in the French and Revulutionary wars, was 
erected at the head of boat navigation, on Wood's cr. in 
1756. The t. has several forges, tanneries, mills, etc., and 
8,JIR3 inhabitants. 

Fop.T AnGTT.E, Bryan co., Ga. : on the W, bank of Ogee- 
chee r., opposite tho W. tcrmin\is of the Savannah and 
Ogeechee Canal (n^closed), 16 m. W. Savannah. The 
fort was erected ia^^3 to protect the settlers from the 
Spaniards: it is now in ruins. 

Fort Atkinson, p. o., Clayton co., la.: 84 m. N. by E. 
Iowa City. 

FoET Atkinson, p. v., Jefferson co., TViso. : on the S. ' 

E2 



side of lluck r.. about 2 m. above Koshkonong Lake, ami 31 
m. E. S. E. Madison. 

Fort B.iiNBRiDGE, v., Russell co.. Ale. : at the head 
of Cowikee cr., 51 m. E. by S. Montgomery. Tin' Girard 
and Mobile R. R. will pass through this place. 

Fort Barbour, p. o., Barbour co., A/a.: 69 m. S. E. 
Montgomery. 

Fort JiARRiNGTON Fkrrv, p. v., M'Intosh co,, Ga.: on 
the Alatamaha r., 14S m. S. K. MiUedgeville. Fort Barring- 
ton lies on the E. side of (he river, about 14 m. above Darien, 
was built by the Carolinians in 1720 to intercept the escape 
of negroes to the Spanish settlement at San Augustine, in 
Florida. 

Fort Bend county, Tco*. Situate S. E., and contains 
S20 sq. m. Drained by the Brazos r. and its tributaries, 
an<l in the W. by the San Bernardo, which in part m.ikes 
if^ W. boundary. Surface a uniform level, furrowed by the 
great rivers, on which arc dense growths of timber ; threo 
fuurllis of the county are open prairie. Soils, on the Brazos 
a chocolate-colored loam, 20 to SO feet deep — on the prairies 
black mold, resting ujion clay. The prairies afford excel- 
lent j)asturage. Farms loy; manuf. 0; dwell. I!'?, and pop. 
— wh. 974, fr. col. 5, si. 1,554— total 2,533. Capital: Rich- 
mond. 

Fort Blottnt, p. n.. Jackson co., Tenn.: on the N. side 
of Cumberland r., 57 m. E. by N. Nashville. 

Fort Brady: a U. S. military post. Department No. 2, 
Eastern Division, Sault St. Marie, Mich. Lat. 40° 29' 59" N., 
andlong. S40 43' W. 

Fort Bridger, p. o., Kehra^Jca Ter. : a noted Trading 
Post, 131 ra. beyond the South Pass of the Rocky Mount- 
ains, and 113 from Salt Lake City. It is on the best travel- 
ed route to the Mormon settlements and California, and is 
well known to emigrants as a hospitable resting [dace, 
where every thing needful for comfort and health can be ob- 
tained. Col. Bridger, the owner, has resided here since 1S21. 
Fort Brooke: a U. S. military post, Department No. 5, 
Western Division, Tampa Bay, Flor. Lat. 27° 57' N., and 
long. SP 52' W. 

Fort Browder, p. 0., Barbour co., Ala.: 73 m. S. E. 
Montgomery. 

Fort Brown: a U. S. military post. Department No. S, 
Western Division. Brownsville, Tex.^ on the E. bank of tho 
Rio Grande, opposite Matamoras. 

Fort Capron : a U. S. military post. Department No. 4, 
Eastern Division, St. Augustine, Flor. Lat. 29^ 50* N., 
and Sio 27' W. 

Fort Caswt;ll: a TJ. S. military post. Department No. 4, 
Eastern Division, Smithville, K Car. Lat. 34° 00' N., and 
Ions:. 7^0 05' W. 

Fort Clark, p. o., Alachua co., Flor. : 9S m. E. S. E. 
Tallahassee. 

Fort CouTMnirs: a V. S. military post. Department No. 
3, Eastern Division, Goverri'ir's Island, New York Harbor, 
K Y. Lat. 40° 42' N.. and 74° 02' W. 

Fort CoxsTrriTioN : a TT. S. military post. Department 
No 1, Eastern Division, Portsmouth, K. Ilamp. Lat. 43° 04' 
N., and long. 70° 49' W. 

Fort Covington, t. and p. v., Franklin co., .V. Y. : 156 
m. N. by W. Albany. Draine<I by Salmon and its tributary 
rivers flowing to the St. Lawrence. Surface diversified: 
soil, sand and clay loam, fertile. The v. lies on Salmon r., 
5 m. from its moulh, and contains several mills and stores, 
and al>out 800 inhabitanL**. The t has extensive water* 
power, and is eligibly located for manufactures, having 
rivers navigable to the St. Lawrence. Pop. 2,659. 

Fort Croghan : a U. S. military post. Department No. 8, 
Western Division, llamillnn Creek, Austin, Tra', 

Fort Dade, p. o., Benton co., Flor.: on tho W. side of 
Withlacoochcc r., 155 m. S. E. Tallahassee, Between this 
and Fort Armsfrnnir. on the opposite side of the r., is the 
site of tho massacre nf Mnjnr Dade and his companions by 
the Indians 

225 



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Fort Decatltr, p. v., Macon co., Ala. : on the S. side of 
Tallapoosa r., 29 m. E. by N. Montgoracry. It is built on 
the aite of an ol.i fort, and is now a flourishing v., through 
which the Montgomery and West Point K. E. passes. 

FoKT Defiance, p. v., Caldwell co., N. Car, : 15S m. "W. 
Ealeigh. 

Fort Des MoI^'E9, p. v., and cap. Polk co., la.: on the 
W. side of Des Moines r., 109 m. W. Iowa City. It is a 
thriving trading town on the route of travel to Couneil 
Bluffs, and on the line of tlie projected railroad. It is a 
station at which overland emigrants can eupply themselves 
with every necessary, there being here several extensive 
B tores, hotels, etc. 

Fort Duncan, p. v., Kinney co., Teoe. : a IT. S. military 
post, Department No. 8, 'Western Division, at Eagle Pass 
of the Kio Grand r., 224 m. S. "W. Austin City. A flourish- 
ing town has been built at this point. 

FoKT Edward, t. and p. v., Washington co., N. Y. : 39 
m. N. by E. Albany. Drained by Moosekill and other 
streams of Hudson r., which makes its W. boundary. Sur- 
face undulating; soil, clay and loam, very fertile. The v. 
lies on tlie E. side of the Uudson, and on the line of tho 
Champbiu Canal and the Saratoga and Washington R. R., 
and contains about 600 inhabitants. Fort Miller lies at the 
S. end of the town. The ruins of old Fort Edward, erect- 
ed 1755, are still existing in the village; and a little N. is 
the scene of the barbarous murder of Jane M'Crea by the 
Indians in the Revolutionary War. There arc in the town 
several mills and stores, and 2,33S inhabitants. 

FoET Edward Centee, p. c, Washington co., 21'. Y. : 34 
m. N. by E. Albany. 

FoET Fairfield, p. v., Aroostook co., Me. : on the S. side 
of Aroostook r., near the line of New Brunswick, 19T m. 
N. E. Augusta. 

FoET Fanning, p. o., Levy co., Flor. : formerly a U. S. 
military post, on the E. side of Suwannee r., 79 m. S. E. 
Tallahassee. 

Fort Gaines, p. v., Early co., Ga.: on the E. side of 
Chattahoochee r., 148 ra. S. W. Milledgeville, and opposite 
Franklin, Aki. It is the terminus of the South AVestern 
li. R., and a railroad will be continued from this place in a 
S. W. direction to Pcnsacola, Flor. It is already a place of 
commercial importance, and has a good river trade. 

Fort Gaines, p. v., Wahnalah co., Minn.: on the Mis- 
sissippi r., immediately above the Sixth Rapids, 93 m. 
N. W. by N. St. Paul. 

Fort Gates: a U. S. military post, Department No. 8, 
Western Division, on Leon river, Teacas. 

Fort Gibson, p. o., Cherokee Nation, Ind. Ter. : on the 
Arkansas r., at the confluence of Neosho or Grand r., and 
a XJ. S. military post, Department No. 7, Western Division. 
Lat. 850 4S' 04" N., and long. 95° 09' W. 

Fort Graham: a U. S. military post. Department No. S, 
Western Division, Jose Maria Village, Tex., on the E. side 
of Brazos r, 138 m. N. by E. Austin City. 

Fort Gratiot: a U. S. military post, Department No. 2, 
Eastern Division, Mick. The v. of Fort Gratiot Is situate 
at the head of a rapid at the outlet of Lake lluron. the en- 
trance of which is commanded by the fort. The fortifica- 
tions were built in ISl-t, at the close of the war with Great 
Britain. 

Fort IIall, Or^Cf. Ter. .* on ITeury's r., a branch of 
Lewis or Sapten r., in lat. 43° 01' Sb" N., and long. 112° 29' 
54" W. A few miles E. is the junction of the Oregon and 
California routes, the former of which passes Fort Hall. 

Fort Hamilton, p. v., Kings co., N. Y.: on the E. side 
of the Narrows at the entrance of New York Harbor. Fort 
Ilauiillon, on the land, and Fort Lafayette or Diamond, in 
the channel, and on the W. side of the entrance Fort Rich- 
mond, command this important passage. The v. is pleas- 
antly located, overlooking a wide expanse of sea and the 
surrounding country, and is much resnrU-d to for summer 
recreation, there being here a flue mansion for visitors, and 
■_26 



much agreeable society. Steamboats ply regularly to and 
from New York, and stages run several times a day be- 
tween this and Brooklyn. As a military post. Fort Hamil- 
ton belongs to Department No. 8, Eastern Division. 

Fort Hablett, p. o., Alachua co., Flt/r. : lOG m. E. S. K 
Tallahassee. 

Fort Hemiiree, p. v., Cherokee co., A'. Car. : 294 m. 
W. S. W. Raleigh. 

Fort Henderson, p. o., Macon co.,^l/(/. ; 46 m. W. by N. 
Montgomery. 

Fort Hill, v., York dist., S. Car. : SS ra. N. Columbia. 

Fort Hill, p. o., Lake co., III.: 1S7 m. N. E. by N. 
Springfield. 

Fort Howard : a TJ. S. military post, Department No. 2, 
Eastern Division, Green Bay, Wiscojisin. 

Fort Hull, v., Macon co., Ala. : 36 m. W. Montgoraary, 

Fort Hunter, p. o., Montgomery co., AC }'. ; on the S. 
side of Mohawk r., and on the line of the Erie Canal, 31 in. 
N. W. Albany. Hero are the ruins of an old colonial fort. 

Fort Independence : a U. 8. military post, Department 
No. 1, Eastern Division, Boston, Mass. Lat. 42^ 20' N., and 
long. 71° 04' W. 

Fort Inge: a IT. S. military post. Department No. S, 
Western Division, on Leona river, Texas. 

Fort Jaceson: a U. S. military post. Department No. 5, 
Western Division, New Orleans, Loulsuma. 

FoKT Jefferson, p. v., Darke county, Ohio : S7 m. W. 
Columbus. Military fortifications formerly existed at this 
point. It is about 6 m. S. by W.of Greenville. 

Fort Jennings, p. o., Putnam co., Ofiio : on the W. side 
of Big au Glaize r., 97 m. N. W. Columbus. The ruins of 
the old fort still remain. 

Fort Jessup, p. o., Sabine par., Za. : between Red r. 
and Sabine r., 153 m. N. W. Baton Rouge. 

Fort Johnson : a U. S. military post, Department No. 4, 
Eastern Division, Smithville, K Car. Lat. 34° 00" N., aud 
long. 7S0 05' W. 

FoET Kearney, p. o., Indian Country, J^elr. Ter. : a 
post of the U. S., at which several companies of soldiers 
arc usually stationed for the protection of the Indian fron- 
tier. Department No. 6, Western Division. 

Fort Kent, p. o., Aroostook co., Me. : on the S. side of 
St. John r., at the confluence of Fish r., 213 m. N. by E. 
Augusta. 

Fort Lafatettk or Diamond: a U. S. military post, 
Department No. 8, Eastern Division. At the Narrows of 
New York Harbor, Al }'. It lies in tho channel, off Fort 
Hamilton. 

Fort LARAiiiE, p. o., Kehr. Ter. : on the S. side of Platte 
or Nebraska r., in lat. 42^ 12' 10" N., and long. 105^ 21' CO" 
W. It is a U. S. miUtary post, Department No. 6, AVestem 
Division. 

FoBT Leavenworth, p. o. : a U. S. military post, on the 
W. side of Missouri r., about 3S m. above the mouth of Platte 
r. Lai. 39° 21' 14" N., and long. 940 44' aV. Here are ex- 
tensive military works, defended by a company of dragoons 
and several companies of infantry. It is in the 6th Military 
Department, Western Division. 

Fort Lincoln : a U. S. military post, Department No. 8, 
Western Division, on Rio Seco, Tex. 

FouT Littleton, p. 0., FiUton co., Peiin. : 72 m. W. by 9. 
llarrisburg. 

Fort Mackinac: a XT. S. militarj- post. Department No. 
2, Eastern Division, Mackinac, Mlc/t. 

Fort Maco^v: a IT. S. military post, Departmant No. 4, 
Eastern Division, Beaufort, y. Car. 

Fort Madison, p. v., and cap. Lee co., la. : on the W. 
side of theMississippi r., 71 m. S. S. E. Iowa City. The site 
of an old frontier fort, and only laid out as a village in 1S35. 
Fort Madison is now a place of considerable manufactures, 
commerce, and wealth, and in 1S50 had 1,512 inhabitants. 
It contains a court-house, the county jail and offices, se-ver.-!! 
handsome churches, the SUite penitentiary, aud has many 



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fine brick stores and dwcltings. Us river trmle is extensive, 
eteamboats arriving and departing sevcnU times a day ; and 
ila trade with the interior is conimensnrately large. The 
village, indeed, is the natural outlet of one of the richest 
sections of the State. It is distant from Burlington 23 m. 
l)y river. Two newspapers are i)uhlished here, the "Iowa 
Hialcsman" and the " Whig and Kcirisl.-r," both weekly. A 
branch of the Keokuk and Iowa Oily li. R. will probably 
be extended to Fort Madison. 

Fort M'IIenrt: a U. S. military post, Department No. 3, 
Eastern Division, Baltimore, M<1, 

Fort M'Intosh: a U. S. military post, Department No. 
8, Western Division, Laredo, T<\raf<. 

Fort Marion : a U. S. military post. Department No. 4, 
Eastern Division, St. Augustine, Flor. Lat. 29'^ 50' N., 
and long. 81° 2T' W. 

FoET Martin Scott: a U. S. military post. Department 
No. S, Western Division, Fredericksburg, Te^^as. 

Fort Meade: a U. S. military post. Department No. 5, 
Western Divison, Tampa Bay, Flov. Lat. 27"^ 57' N., and 
long. Sto 51' W. 

FoET Merrill: a U. S. militarj' post. Department No. ft, 
Western Division, Nueces liiver, Corpus Chrisli, Tex. Lat. 
270 47' It" N., and long. 97° 27' 02" W. 

Fort Mifflin: a U. S. military post, Department No. 3, 
Eastern Division, near Philadelphia, yc-;;?;. Lat. SQOSl'N., 
and long. 75° 12' W. 

Fort Mill, p. c, York district, S. Car.: SI m. N. 
Columbia. 

Fort Miller, p. v., Washington co., iV. T. : on the E. 
bank of the Hudson r., 34 m. N. by E. Albany. At lliis 
point the river has a fall of 20 feet, and a State dam, S feet 
high, is built for diverting the waters into the Champlain 
Canal, which passes through the village. There are several 
mills and stores here, and between 300 and 400 inhabitants. 

Fort Mitchell, p. o., Russell co,, Ala. : on the W. bank 
of Chaltaboochee r., about 2 m. above the confluence of 
Big Ochee creek, 73 m. E. Montgomery. 

Fort Monroe: a \J. S. military post, Department No. 4, 
Eastern Division, on Point Comfort, Vi/'Q. Lat. 37"^ 02' N., 
and long. 76^ 12' W. 

Fort Montgomery, p. o., Cherokee co., X. Car. : 297 m. 
W. S. W. Raleigh. 

Fort Morgan : a TJ. S. military post, Department No. 5, 
Western Divison, Mobile, AhilKuna. 

Fort Mocxtrie: a U. S. military post, Department, No. 
4, Eastern Division, Charleston Harbor, S. Car. Lat. 32^ 
42' N., and long. 79° 56' W. 

Fort M'Rea : a tT. S. military post. Department No. 5, 
Western Division, Pensacola, Flor. Lat. 30° 24' N., and 
long. 830 14' W. 

Fort Myers: a U. S. military post, Department No. 5, 
Western Division, Tampa Bay, Flor. Lat. 27° 57' N., and 
long. 870 52' w. 

Fort Niagara: a tJ. 9. military post, Department No, 3, 
Eastern Division, Toungstown, X. Y. 

Fort Ontario : a U. S. military post. Department No. 3, 
Eastern Division, Oswego, A' V. 

Fort Pike: a U, S. military post. Department No. 5, 
Western Division, Za. 

Fort Plain, p. v., Montgomery co., y. Y. : on the S. side 
of the Mohawk r., and on the line of t!ie Erie Canal, 4S ni. 
W. by N. Albany. It is a flourishing village, having sev- 
eral manufacturing establishments and about 1,600 inhabit- 
ants. Fine stone is quarrieil in the vicinity. Two news- 
papers, the "Moliawk, Valley Gazette" (whig) and the 
" Radii and Phcenix" (neutral), are issued weekly. 

Fort Preble: a U. S. military post, Department No. 1, 
Eastern Division, Portland, 3Te. Lat. 430 38' N., and long. 
70° IS' W. 

Fort Prince, p. c, Spartanburgh (list., K Car. 

FoET Recovery, p. o., Mercer co., Ohio: on a head 
branch of Wabash r., 97 m. W. N. W. Columbus. 



Fort Kipley : a TJ. S. military posL, Department No. 6, 
Western Division, Mi/m. Ter. 

Fort Scott, p. o., Bates co., Mo. : and a U. S. military 
post, Department No, 5, Western Division. It is situate on 
Marmiton or. of Osage r., 146 m. W. S. W. JefTerson City. 

Fort Seneca, p. o,, Seneca Co., Ohio: 74 m. N. by W. 
Columbus. 

Fort Smith, p. v., Crawford co., Ai'^. : and a tJ. S. mil- 
itary post. Department No. 7, Western Division. Situate 
on the W. line of the State, where it is crossed by Arkansas 
r., 131 m. W. l)y N. LitlU; Rock. It is proposed to build a 
R. R. from Little Rtick to this point. The "Fort Smith 
Herald" is published weekly. 

Fort Snellino, p. v., and cap. Dacotah co., Minn.: a 
TJ. S. military post. Department No. 6, Western Division. 
Situate at the confluence of Minnesota r. with the Missis- 
sippi. Lat. 440 53' N., and long. 93° OS' W. Within the 
jurisdiction of the fort there is a considerable village. 

Fokt Sullivajn : a U. S. military post. Department No. 1, 
Eastern Division, Eastport, Me. Lat. 44° 44' N., and long. 
67° 04' W. 

FoRTSviLLE, p. v., Saratoga co., iV! Y. : 39 m. N. Albany. 

Fort Towson : a U. S. military post. Department No. 7, 
Western Division. Situate a little N. of Red r., Choctaw 
Nation, Ind. Ter. 

Fort Trumbull : a TI. S. military post. Department No. 
1, Eastern Division, New London, Conn, LaU 41° 22' N., 
and long. 72° 05' W. 

Fort Valley, p. v., Houston co,, Ga. : 53 m. S. W. 
Milledgeville. At this point the Muscogee E. K. divergej* 
from the South- Western R. R. 

Fort Warren: a United States military post. Depart- 
ment No. 1. Eastern Division, Boston, Mmss. : lat. 42° 2U'N., 
and long. 71° 4' W. 

Fort Wasiiinuton, p. v., Princo George's co., M<1. : a 
United States military post, Department No. 3, Eastern Di- 
vision. The v. is situate on the E. side of tho Potomac r., 
between Swan cr. and Piscataway r., 15 ra. S. of Washing- 
ton, D. C. 

Fort Wabhita, p. 0., Chickasaw Nation, Ind. Ter.: a 
United States military post. Department No. 6, Western 
Division. Situate on False Washita river. 

Fort Wayne, p. v., and cap. Allen co., Ind.: on a high 
bank, opposite to which, on the N., the St. Mary's and the 
St. Joseph unite and form the Maumee r., in lat. 41° 05' N,, 
and long. 85° 09' W,, 103 m. N. N, E. Indianapolis. Here 
was the "Twightwee Village," or principal sect of the 
Miami, in their language called Ke-ki-o-que, and here too 
was old Fort Wayne, built by General Wayne, Sept., 1704, 
and just below, on the opposite side of tho Maumee, was 
fought the disastrous battle of 22d Oct., 1790. Atonetimoit 
was called " French Stores," as it was for a long time a 
trading post of tliat nation. Fort Wayne continued as a 
military post until 1S19, and until the removal of the Mia- 
mis and Pottowattomees in ISil, was resorted to by them fi)r 
the disposal of their furs and to spend their annuities. It is 
now one of tho most flourishing towns in the State, and 
contains about fi,*iO'l inhabitants. In l'^40 it did not contain 
more than 1,000 inhabitants. The Wabash and Erie Canal 
gives it access to the Wabash Valley and the Ohio r. on the 
one hand, and tho Maumee Valley and Lake Erie on the 
other. Railroads, also, are being constructed to Lake Eric 
and central Oliio; also to Chicago, on Lake Michigan, and 
southward to the Oliio r. Several plank-roads also extend 
into the interior. The surrounding country is one of the 
best farming sections, and produces abundance of grain 
and provisions. With these advantages of travel and 
transport, it must become a centre of a vast commerce, and 
in time a populous city, through which tho products of a 
wide lerriti)ry must pass for a market. It already contains 
extensive warehouses, stores, etc., the couu'y buildings, a 
United States land office, a branch of the State Bank, etc., 
and has many substantial brick dwellings. All the principal 

227 



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religious deDominalions have ciiiirohcs in Uil^ place, anJ 
there are several flrst-rate academies and schools, araong 
which may be mentioned the Methodist Female College, 
and a Catholic institution under the Sisters of Providence. 
Two Dewspapers, the " F. W. Sentinel" (dem.), and the 
" F. W. Times" (dem.), are issned weekly. 

Fort Wennebago, p. v., and cap. Columbia co., Wise. : at 
the portage between the Fox and Wisconsin rivers, 33 m. 
N. Madison. It is one of the eligibly-situated trading towns 
In the State, and has now about 800 iuhabitants. The fori 
Is abandoned as a military post. 

Fort "Wolcott : a U. S. military post, Department No. 1, 
Eastern Division, Newport, H. I. : lat. 41° 31/ N., and long. 
710 IS' w. 

FoKT Wood : a U. S. military post, Department No. S, 
Eastern Division, Bcdiow's Island, Harbor of New York, 
K Y.: lat. 4U0 42' N., and 74° 02' W. long. This island 
fortification has for many years been the chief liecruiting 
Depfit of the United States army, and at various limes It 
has had over a thousand men imder drill and subject to 
draft. Between 3,000 and 4,000 recruits are annually passed 
through this ''gateway to glory.'' 

Fort Wood: a U. S. military post. Department No. 5, 
Western Division, New Orleans, La. 

Forty Fort, p. o., Luzerne county, Pom. : 93 m. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Forwardstown, p. v., Somerset county, Penn.: 128 m. 
W. by S. Harrisburg. 

Foster, t. and p. v.. Providence co., R. I. : IS m. W. 
Providence. Drained by head branches of the N. fork 
of Pawtuxet r., which afford water-power. Surface rough ; 
Boil indifferent The v. is located in the N. part of the town. 
In the town there are several furnaces, cotton and woolen 
factories, and numerous mills. Pop. 1,S32. 

FoSTEK, p. o., Bracken co., Ky. : 67 m. N. E. Frankfort. 

Foster Centee, p. v., Providence co., P. I. : 43 m. W. 
Providence. 

Fosteedale, p. v., Sxillivan county, JV". Y. : 92 m. S. W. 
Albany. 

Fosterta, p. v., Blair co., Penn.: on the line of the 
Eastern Division of the Pennsylvania I*. li., 1*23 m. from 
narrisburg. 

Foster's, p. o., Tuscaloosa co., Ala. : on the W. of Black 
Warrior r., 93 m. N. W. Montgomery. 

Foster's, p. o., Marion co.. III. : 73 m. S. S. E. Springfield. 

Foster's Cross Koadb, p. c, Bledsoe co., Teim. : 95 m. 
E. S. E. Nashville. 

Foster's Fork, p. o., Prince Edward co.,"RjV- ■' 62 m. 
W. S. W. Kichmond. 

Foster's Mills, p. o., Seneca co., Ohio : 93 m. N. by W. 
Columbus. 

Foster's Mills, p. o., Johnson county, Irid. : 29 m. S. 
Indianapolis. 

Fosterville, p. v., Cayuga county, m Y, : 14S m.W. by N. 
Albany. 

Fostketille, p. v., Rutherford co., Teiin. : on the lino 
of the Nashville and Chattanooga E. B., 45 m. S. E. 
Nashville. 

FouNDRTTTLLE,p. v., Columbia CO., Penn. : 77 m. N. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Fou>TA7N county, Ind. Situate W. middle, and con- 
tains 890 sq. m. Drained by Coal and Shawanee creeks, 
tributaries of Wabash r. Surface mostly level ; on the S. 
and centre undulating, and variegated with forest and 
prairie. Soil a black loam, mixed with sand, and very pro- 
ductive; clays prevail in the S. Grain, flour, and pork are 
the staples. Coal and iron ore are abundant, and manufac- 
tures engage much attention. Farms 1,357; manuf 103; 
dwell. 2,251, and pop.— wli. 13,201, fr. col. 52— total 13,258. 
Cajntal: Covington. Public Works: Wabash and Erie 
Canal. 

Fountain, p. v., Carroll county, Ind, : 62 m. N. W. 
Indianapolis. 
22S 



Fountain Dale, p. c, Adams co., Penn. : 39 m. S. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Fountain Green, p. v., Hancock co., lU.: on Decker*9 
cr., a branch of Crooked cr. of Illinois r., 84 m.' W. N. W. 
Springfield. 

Fountain Green, p. v., Chester county, Penn.: 69 m. 
E. by 9. Harrisburg. 

Fountain Head, P.O., Sumner CO., Tenn.: 31 m.N.N.E. 
Nashville. 

Fountain Hill, p. c, Ashley co., Ark. : 132 m. S. E. 
Little Pvock. 

Fountain Hill, p. o., Greene co., K. Car. : 55 m. E. by S. 
Ealeigh. 

Fountain Inn, p. o., Greenville district, S. Car. : SI m. 
N. W. Columbia. 

Fountain PwUn, p. c, Monroe co., Ky. : 114 m. S. S. E. 
Frankfort. 

Fol-stain Spring, p. c. Wood county, Tirff.:249 m. 
W. N. W. Bichraond. 

Fountain Spring, p. v., Schuylkill co., Penn. : 43 m. 
N. N. E. Harrisburg. On the line of the E. E. between 
Poltsville and Lewisburg. 

Fountain Sprlngs, p. o., Wapello co., la. : 63 m. S. W. 
Iowa City. 

FouRcnE A Renault, p. o., Washington co., Mo. : on a cr. 
of Maramec r., 73 m. S. E. Jefferson City. 

FouRCUE Dumas, p. o., Randolph county, Ark. : on an 
affluent of Great Black river so called, 133 m. N. N. E. 
Little Eock. 

Four Corners, p. o., Huron co., 0?do: 89 m. N. by E. 
Columbus. 

Four Mile Branch, p. o., Barnwell dist., S. Car.: 72 m. 
S. W. Columbia. 

Four Mile Branch, p. o., Monroe county, Tenn. : 157 m. 
E. S. E.Nashville. 

Four Mile Grove, p. o., Lee county, III. .-131 m. N. bvE. 
Springfield. 

Four Mile Pkaif-ie, p. c, Van Zandt co., Tex. : 212 m. 
N. N. E. Austin City. 

Four Mile Peairie, p. o., Fayette co., HI. : 63 m. S. E. 
Springfield. 

Fowler, L and p. v., St. Lawrence co., JV. Y. : 137 m, 
N. W. Albany. Drained by Oswegatchee r. and its tributa- 
ries. Surface uneven ; soil, clay and sandy loam. The v, 
lies on the S. side of tlie river. There are several forgea 
and furnaces, and numerous mills in the t., and 1,897 iu- 
habitants. 

Fowler, t. and p. o., Trumbull co., Ohio: 146 m. N. E. 
Columbus. Drained by creeks of Chenango and Mahoning 
riTers. Pop. 1,0S9. 

Fowler's, p. o., Brooke county, Yirg. : 252 m. N. W, 
Richmond. 

Fowler's Mills, p. o., Geauga co., Ohio: 136 m. N. E. 
Columbus. 

FowLEESviLLE, p. o., Livingston co, 2^. Y. : ti few milea 
W. of Genesee r., 204 m. W. by N. Albany. 

Fox county, la. Situate W., and contains 576 sq. m. 
Taken from Pottowattomee in 1S51. 

Fox, p. v., Davis county, Ja. : 77 m. S. W. by 3. 
Iowa City. 

FoxBOROUGH, t. and p. v., Norfolk county, Ma^s. : 28 m. 
S. S. W. Boston. Drained by liumford and Cocasset rivers 
of Taunton r., both of which furnish mill sites. Surface 
uneven ; soils productive. The v. lies near the centre, on 
the E. of a small pond. The t. has considerable manufac- 
tures, and 1,830 inhabitants. The Boston and Providence 
E. R. passes through the S. E. part of the town. 

Fox Cuase, p. o., Philadelphia county, Penn.: 98 m. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Fox Creek, p. o., St. Louis county, Mo. : 83 m. E. 
Jefferson City. 

Foscroft, t. and p. o., Piscataquis county, Me. : 78 m. 
N. N. E. Augusta. Scbec Lake lies on its N. border, and 



FOX 



FRA 



Piscataquis r. ou its S. border, the tributaries of which drain 
the interior. Pop. 1,13*2. 

Fox Grove, p. o., Burke co., Ga, : 81 m. E. Milledgeville. 

Fux isles, Mich. : two islands, situate a few miles S. of 
Great Traverse Bay. 

Fox Lake, p. o., Lako county, III. : 1ST m. N. N. E, 
Springfleld. 

Fox river. III. : a principal constituent of the Illinois r. 
It rises in Wisconsin, and after passing through a chain of 
emaU lakes near the dividinjr line of tlie 8tate. enters Illirinis 
and takes a southerly direction to the Illinois r., iato which 
it falls at Ottawa. 

Fox river, Wise. {See Neenah river). 

Fox Spring, p. o., Overton co., Tenn. : 92 m. E. by N. 
Nashville. 

FoxTiLLE. p. v.. Fauquier co., T7rf/. ; on Kappaliannock 
r., 02 in. N. N. \V. KiL-hinnnd. In tlie neighborhood is a 
fine slate quarry, and also a sulphur spring. 

Foy's Stoke, p. o., Onslow county, -A' Car, : 114 m. S. E. 
Ealeigh. 

Framtngham, t. and p. v., Middlesex co., Mass.: 21 m. 
"W. by S. Boston. Drained by Sudbury r., a branch of Con- 
cord r., on which are numerous factories and mills. It h;us 
also a number of ponds. Surface uneven ; soil fertile. Plum- 
bago is found in the t. The v. lies on the N. side of the 
river, and has considerable manufactures; and a braneii of 
the Boston and Worcester U. li., which runs through the 
S. part of the t., terminates here ; and another branch ter- 
mmates at Saxonville, a flourishing village to the N. E. of 
Uje principal village. The I. contains 4,2S5 inhabitanL**. 

Franxesvtlle, p. v., Northampton co., S". Car.: S2 m. 
N. E. Ealeigh. 

Francisco, p. o., Stokes co., JV. Car. : lOS m. "W. N. W. 
Ealeigh. 

Francisco viLLE, p. v., Jackson co., MicJi. 

Francis Ceebk, p. o., Manitowoc co., Wise. : 110 m. N. E. 
Madison. 

Feancisto'Wn-, t. and p. v., Hillsborough co., y. Harnp. : 
24 m. S. W. Concord. Drained by Piscataquog river and its 
branches. Surface rous^h ; soil generally stubborn ; but 
there is much fertile intc*n'ale land. The v. is located on 
the S. E. side of a large pond, and has several mills and 
Btorcs. Pop. of 1. 1.114. 

Francibtille, p. v., Crawford co., Ga. : on the Knox- 
ville and Talbotlon Turnpike, 5S m.W. S.W. Milledgeville. 

Fraxconia. t. and p. v.. Grafton co., iV". JTarnp. : 63 m. 
N. by W. Concord. Drained chiefly by the S. branch of 
Lower Amraonoosuc r., on which are extensive iron-works 
and numerous mills. A branch of Merrimac r. also li.is its 
rise in a pond, and flows S. Mountiiin is the prevailing ob- 
jection in the scenery. Profile Mountain, a bare, rugged 
summit, 1,000 feet high, when viewed from the N., presents 
a striking proflle of the human countenance. The whole 
region is wild and picturesque. Iron ore, of fine quality, is 
found in the t., and has been manufactured for the past 
fifty years. The village lies ou the N. side of the Ammo- 
noosuc branch. Pop. of t. r»S4. 

Feanconia, p. v., Putnam co.. Ohio : on the W. side of 
Big Auglaize r., opposite the mouth of Blanchard's Fork, 
lOS m. N. W. Columbus. 

Feanconia, t. and p. o., Montgomery co., Pejin. : &4 m. 
E. Harrisburg. Drained by Indian, Pike, and Shippack 
creeks, and by the N. E. branch of Perkiomen cr. Surface 
level ; soil red shale. It is an agricultural U, and has 1,2IjS 
inhabitants. 

Frankford, p. v.. Pike co., Mo. : on a cr. of Salt r. of the 
Mississippi. 73 m. N. E. -Jefl"erson City. 

Frankfoed. p. b.. PhiladeliOiia co., Penn. : on Tacony 
cr., f» m. N. E. Phila'Ielphia, H7 m. E. Harrisburg. It is a 
fli luri-shing town, and has several factories and mills. Pop. 
5,34ii. A newspaper, Iho " Frankford Herald" (neutral), is 
published weekly. 

Fbankfoed, p. v., Greenbrier co., Vlrg. : on Thunder- 



gap cr. of Greenbrier r., 162 m.W. by N. Rirhmond. Pop. 
about 200. 

FR.i>-KFORT, p. v„ Franklin co.. III. : on Ewing's fork of 
Big Muddy r., 137 m. S. S. E. Springfleld. It has several 
mechanic shops and stores, and about 300 inhabitants. 

Frankfort, p. v., and cap. Clinton co., Irul. : on tlie W. 
side of Prairie cr. of the S. fork of Wild-cat r., 41 m. N. N. W. 
Indianapolis. It contains a court-house, a jail, 5 churches, 
and S or 10 stores. Pop. about 600. 

Fean'kfoet, p. city, and cap. Franklin co.. Ay-, and cap. 
of the State: on the E. side of Kentucky r., 62 m. above its 
confluence with the Ohio r., in lat, SS'^ 14' N., and long. 
S40 40' W.— 551 m.W. by S. Washington, D. C. The river, 
here eighty yards wide, winds through a deep limestone 
valley, on a plateau of which the city is built, and opposite 
to and connected with it by a chain bridge, is South Frank- 
fort, its suburb. Behind the city the land rises abruptly 150 
to 200 feet to the general lerel of the country, from which 
elevation the valley scene is extensive, and full of picture. 
Heavy rains frequently cause the river to rise 50 or 60 feet 
above its ordinary level. The river, the navigation of which 
has been improved by locks and d.ims, is regulariy navi- 
gated to Frankfort by steamboats of considerable burden, 
and an extensive commerce, supported by a fine country 
neighboring on the banks of the Kentucky, centres at this 
point. The city is also connected with the Ohio by a rail- 
road to Louisville, and there is a railroad to Lexington, at 
which place other railroads diverge to theN. an<l N. E.,and 
also to the S., whence they are continued to the Atlantic 
cities, and to those of the Mississippi and Gulf of Mexico. 
Frankfort is a well-built and compact place; tlie streets are 
regular and wide, and many of the houses and public build- 
ings of brick and white marble. Of the latter material, 
which is found abundantly in all this region, the State 
House is built : it is a splendid edifice, S6 by r>4 feet, with a 
Ionic portico in front, an<l a lighted cupola on the top. I'he 
State Penitentiary is also located here, and among its other 
buildings are tlie court-house, the county jail, a market, 
etc. Its public press consists of 1 daily, 4 weekly, 1 semi- 
monthly, and 1 monthly publications, viz., the "Conmaon- 
woalth" (whig), daily and weekly: the ''Old Guard ;" the 
"Kentucky Yeoman" (dem.), and the "Champion of Ee- 
form" — all weekly; the ''Ecclesiastical Kefurnier," semi- 
monthly; .and the "Methodist Monthly Magazine," month- 
ly. The manufactures of the city are various and extensive, 
and ships of considerable burden have been built here, and 
floated down the river to New Orleans. The city was 
finmded in 17sG, and was made the seat of government in 
1792. InlSlOit h.ad l.nOO inhabitants; in 1520,1,679; in 
1S3(). 1,6S0 ; in 1S40. 1,917 ; and in 1S50, 4,372. 

Fraxkfoet, t. and p. v., Waldo co.. Me. : 51 ra. E. N. E. 
Ausrusta. Drained by Marsh r. of the Penobscot, the latter 
forming the E. boundary, and affording a navigable chan- 
nel throughout the year. Marsh r. supplies gmid water- 
power, and is the seat of numerous mills. The v. lies on 
Marsh Bay, which seta up from the Penobscot. The t. 
has an extensive lumber trade, and stores of various de- 
scriptions. Pop. 4,233. 

Frankfort, t. and p. v.. Herkimer co,, A\ Y. : 74 m. 
W. by N. Albany. Drained by the Mohawk r., which 
makes its N. boundary. Surface hdlyand broken in theS. ; 
in the N. are rich alluvial flats. The v. lies on the line of 
the Erie Canal, and contains about 600 inhabitants. The 
t. has several factories, mills, etc., and numerous stores. 
Pop. 8,023. 

Frankfort, p. v., Poss co., Ohio: on tho N. hide of the 
N. fork of Paint cr.. 41 m. S. by W. Columbus. It has sev- 
eral mills and workshops, and about 400 inhabitants. 

Frankfort, p. v.. Hampi^hire co„ Vir(/.: on Patterson's 
cr. of the N. branch of Potomac r., 151 ni. N. N. W. Uieh- 
mond. It contains several mechanic shops, about 3,*) dwell- 
ings, and 20(1 iidiabilants. The Baltimore and Ohio R. 11. 
runs near this village. 

229 



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Frankfort Hill, p. o., Herkimer county, A' }'. ; 75 in. 
W. by N. Albany. 

Fbankfop-t M1LL8, p. v., Waldo co., Me. : on Marsh r., 
at its mouth, 4S m. E. N. E. Augusta. 

Fka-Nefort Springs, p. v., Beaver county. Penn. : 192 ra. 
W. Harrisburg. It contains about 120 inhabitants, and has 
several stores and mechanic shojis. 

Franklin county, Ala. Situate N. W., and contains 
64S sq. m. Drained by Cedar, Bear, Little Bear, Spring, 
and other creeks, afHaents of Tennessee r., which marks 
its N. boundary. Surface hilly and broken ; soils generally 
of average productiveness. Cotton is the great agricultural 
staple. Farms 913; manuf. 23; dwell. l,!)r>.5, and pop.— wh. 
11,399, ft-, col. 14. si. 8,197— total 19,010. Ciipitnl : Kussell- 
ville. Public Works: Meuii)hi8and Charleston R. E. 

Ff-ankun county. Ark. Situate N. W..and contains 756 
eq. ra. Drained by creeks of Arkansas r., which divides 
it through the midTlle. Surface elevated, hilly, and l)roken ; 
soil generally inferior, but on the river rich and fertile, pro- 
ducing cotton, tobacco, and the grains. The hill-regions 
of the N. and S. are adapted to grazing. Iron ore, copper, 
and other minerals abound, and there is a plentiful supply 
of good timber for building, etc. Farms 464; manuf. 3; 
dwell. 617, and pop.— wh. 8,497, fr. col.3,sl.429— totai3,92y. 
Capital : Ozark. 

Frankxin county, Flor. Situate S. of West Florida, and 
contains 324 sq. m. Drained by Appalachicola r., which 
forms in part the W. boundary, and empties through Appa- 
lachicola Bay into the Gulf of Mexico, which lies on its S. 
border. Surface low and wet, with many ponds and 
swamps; soil rich and fertile. The islands of St. George 
and St. Vincent, which inclose the bay, belong to this coun- 
ty. Farms 0; manuf. 0; dwell. 261, and pop.— wh. I,ls4, 
fr. col. 0, si. 377— total 1,561. Capital : Appalachicola. 

Franklin county, Ga. Situate N. E., and contains 6S0 
sq. m. Drained in the N. E. by tributaries of Tugaloo r., 
which bounds it in that direction, and in the centre and 
S. W. by forks of Broad r. All these ultimately fall into 
Savannah r. Surface elevated and hilly ; soils of average 
fertility, prodaeing the grains and some cotton. Farms 
1,305; manuf. 4 : dwell. 1,546, and pop.— wb. 9,076, fr. col. 
55, si. 2,3S2— total 11,513. Capital : Camesville. 

Franklin county, III. Situate S., and contains 432 
sq. m. Drained by the forks of Big Muddy r., an affluent 
of the Mississippi. Surface diversified ; soil of average pro- 
ductiveness. Besides the grains, which form the staple 
crops, cotton and tobacco have been grown with advantage. 
The greater portion of the co. is prairie, interspersed with 
timber groves ; the substratum is limestone. Farms 577 ; 
raanuf. 0; dwell. 971, and pop.— wh. 5,646, fr. col. 35 — total 
B,6S1. Capital: Benton. 

Franklin county, Ind. Situate S. W., and contains 400 
sq. m. Drained by E. and W. branches of White Water r. ; 
and besides these are Salt, Pipe, Ked Cedar Grove, and 
other creeks. Surface pleasantly variegated, and soils of 
average fertility. Manufactures have made some progress. 
Indian mounds and other earth Works are found in several 
parts. Farms 1.739 ; manuf. 121 ; dwell. 3,2S6, and pop. 
—wh. 17,760, fr. col. 20s— total 17,968. Capital : Brook\i\le. 
Puhlie Works: White Water Canal. 

Franklin county, Ja. Situate centrally, and contains 
676 sq. m. Taken from I'ottowattomee in 1S51. 

Franklin county, Ky. Situate N. centrally, and con- 
tains 200 sq. m. Drained by Elkhorn and other creeks of 
Kentucky r., which runs through it. Surface hilly and 
somewhat broken. Soils fcrlile, and well adapted for the 
grains, tobacco, etc. It has also many manufactures and 
mechanic shops. Farms 850 ; manuf. 62 ; dwell. 1,458, and 
pop.— wh. 8,741, fr. col. 856, si. 3,365— total 12,462. Capi- 
tal: Frankfort. Public Works: Louisville and Frankfort 
K. R. ; and Lexington and Frankfort R. R., etc. 

Franklin parish, Ln. Situate toward N. E. of Western 
District, and contains 64S sq. m. It lies between tho bayoux 



Macon ami Bnnuf, and is <lrained by atTluents of these 
streams. Surface diversified, elevated, and having several 
small lakes, or, rather, river expansions. Soils verj' fertile, 
and along the streams well wooded. Farms 2S3 ; manuf. 
0; dwell. 346, and pop.— wh. 1,664, fr. col, 14, si. 1,5T3— 
total 3,251. Capital: Winnsboro'. 

Franklin county, Me. Situate N.W., and contains 1,440 
sq. m. Drained chiefly by Dead r. and Sandy r., both con- 
siderable tributaries of the Kennebec; in the N.W.Andros- 
coggin has its rise, and passes S. into Lake Acquessuck, etc. 
There arc numerous ponds in all parts of the county, the 
outlets of some of which furnish fine mill-sites. Surface 
undulating or hilly— in parts mountainous ; soils of a supe- 
rior character, adapted alike to grain and grasses. Farms 
2,521 ; manuf. 1.35 ; dwell. 3,4S7, and pop.— wh. 20,007, fr- 
col. 20— total 20,027. Capital : Phillips. 

Franklin county, Mass. Situate toward N. W., and 
contains 650 sq. m. Drained by Deerficld, and other tribV 
utaries of Connecticut r., which passes through it from the 
N. These streams afford immense water-power, which is 
used extensively for manufacturing purposes. Surface di- 
versified by hill and valley— along the Connecticut are ex- 
tensive meadows, and much of the soil is very fertile. It 
has also excellent pastures, on which are large numbers of 
live-stock. Farms 2,535; manuf. 285; dwell. 5.S32, and 
pop.— wh. 30,779, fr. col. 8S— total 30,867. Capital: Green- 
field. Puhlio Works: Vermont and Massachusetts K. E. ; 
Coimecticut Kiver E. E.; Greenfield and North Adams 
R. E., etc. 

Franklin county. Miss. Situate S. W., and contains 
672 sq. m. Drained by Homoehitto r. and its branches, 
and also by the head streams of Amite r. Surface moder- 
ately uneven ; soils not the best, except on the margins of 
the rivers. Pine barrens cover a large surtiice. Cotton, 
Indian com, etc., are its stajiles. The streams are very 
favorable for mill purposes. Farms 330; mauuf. 5; dwell. 
447, and i)op.— wh. 2,540, fr. col. 14, el. 3,350— total 5,994. 
Cajntal : Meadville. 

Franklin county. Mo. Situate E. middle, and contains 
792 sq. ra. Drained by Maramec r. and its principal trib- 
utary, the Bourbeuse ; also by numerous smaller streams 
falling into Missouri r., which makes the N. boundary. 
Surface moderately uneven, and the soil of average fertility. 
This is a fine mineral region, abounding in lead, iron, etc., 
ores which arc extensively mined and reduced. Farms 
1,096; manuf. 32; dwell. 1,925, and pop.— wh. 9,542, fr. col. 
20, si. 1.459— total 11,021. Capital: Newport Puhlie 
Works ; Pacific R. E. 

Franklin county, 2f. Y. Situate toward the N. E., and 
contains 1,527 sq. m. Surface generally mountainous, ex- 
cept in the N. part, where there is considerable level or 
undulating lands. The soils are generally of a mixture of 
loam and sand, very productive. The interior is drained 
by the Saranac, running E. to Lake Champlain, and the 
Chataugay. Salmon, Trout, Deer, St, Eegis, and Racket 
rivers flowing to the St. Lawrence. Farms 1,647; manuf. 
129 ; dwell. 4,233, and pop.— wh. 25,043, fr. col. 59— total 
25,102. Capital : Malone. Public Works : the Northern 
(Ogdensburg) K. R. 

Franklin county, A^ Car. Situate N. middle, and con- 
tains 540 sq. ra. Drained by affluents of Tar r., which runs 
through it ; the principal of these are Swift and Fishing 
rivers, the latter making tho N. E. boundary. Surface di- 
versified, but generally level: soils naturally fertile, and 
along the streams producing fine cotton and tobacco, and 
hir^e crops of grain. Gold is found in several parts, and 
has been collected to a considerable amount. Farms 5SS ; 
manuf. 25; dwell. 1,155, and pop.— wh. 5,684, fr. col. 54, si. 
5^507_total 11,713. (faj^i^aZ ; Louisburgh. Public Works: 
Gaston and Raleigh R. R. 

Franklin county, Ohio. Situate centrally, and contains 
529 8q. m. Drained by Whetstone (Olcntaniry) and Scioto 
rivers and their tributaries. Surfoco low and level, somo- 



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limes wet; soil fertile, particularly on the slreaina. and ^\^-■l\ 
cultivated, but in most parts better adapteil to pra/.iuj; than 
grain growing. Farms 2,666; manuf. 241; dwell. 6,701, 
and pop.— Mh. 41,310, fr. col. 1,600— total 42.910. r>fp- 
ital: Columbus. Puhlic Works: Ohio Canal; Coluniltus 
and Xenia K. R. ; Cleveland and Columbus It. K. ; Central 
Ohio U. K. ; Columbus and Bellefontaine K. K., etc. 

Fraskun county, Pemi. Situate S. middle, and contains 
734 sq. m. Drained by the Conecochea^ue and Cnnedog- 
whiit creeks and their branches, which furnish extensive 
water-power. It lies in the Kiltatinny Valley— the great 
hineslone valley of the State, and is traversed by South 
Mountain and Tuscarora or Cove Mountain. Iron ore is 
abimdant, is extensively mined and reduc<'d, and white 
marble of a coarse texture exists, underlying the hilly re- 
gions. Farms 2,'i4T; manuf. 455; dwell. 6,61)0, and pop.— 
wh. 37,956, fr. col. 1,943— total 39,904. C'apUui: Chambers- 
burg. Public Works: Franklin 11. E. 

Feanklin county, Tenn. Situate S. middle, and contains 
756 Bq. m. Drained by Elk r. and other streams. Surface 
hilly, being traversed by offshoots of the Cumberland Mount- 
ains ; soils generally fertile. It is a tine grazing county, and 
produces the finest of grains and some cotton. Its water- 
power is considerable, and is used extensively for milling 
and manufacturing purposes. Farms 1,015; manuf. 07; 
dwell. 1.63S, and pop.— wh. 10,096, fr. eol. 49. si. 3.625— 
total 13.TG3. O/^iito^; "Winchester. Public IlbrA-s ; Nash- 
Tille and Chattanooga E. K., etc. 

Fiti-NKLiN county, Venji. Situate N. W., and eontaiuB 
BS6 sq. m. Lake Champlain forma its W. boundary, and 
Uie Canada line its limit on the N. Surface hilly in llie K., 
on the lake level; soil fertile, and adapted alike for grain 
and grazing. Drained by Mis9isqu6 r. and the Lamoille, 
which afford extensive water-power. At Swanton there arc 
quarries of fine clouded marble, which are extensively 
wrought and tlie stone exported. Farms 2,17*2 ; manuf. lOS; 
dwell. 4.S27, ami pop.— wh. 28,500, fr. col, 86— total 2S,5S6. 
Onpital: St. Albans. Publio Works: Vermont Central 
E, E., etc. 

Fkanklin county, Hrj/. Situate S. middle, and contains 
5S0 sq. m. Drained by Pig r., Elackwater r., Maggoty cr., 
and other affluents of Eoanoke r., which marks its N. 
boundary. The Blue Eidge forms its W. limits, and is the 
source of all its streams. It is a fine agricultural county, 
and has a large amount of live-stock ; and gold is found at 
the base of the hills and on .the streams. Farms 1,299; 
manuf. 47; dwell. 2,024, and pop.— wh. 11.6;iS, fr. col. 66, 
si. 5.726— total 17,4;i0. Cajyital : Eocky Mount. 

Fkanklis, t. and p. o., Gloucester co., A' Jer. : 44 m. S, 
Trenton. Drained by Eaceoon or., the sources of Maurice 
r., and by branches of Little Egg Harbor r. Surface level ; 
soil sandy, and covered with pines. It has several glass- 
houses, and some other manufactures. Pop. 2i9S4. 

Franklin, t. and p. v., Milwaukie county. Wise. : 76 m. 
E. by S. Madison. Drained by Eoot r., which empties into 
Lake Michigan at Eacine. Surface level; soil deep and 
fertile, and well timbered. The v. lies a little W". of the 
centre. Pop. of 1. 1,246. 

Franklin, p. v., Henry eo., Ala. : on the W. side of 
Chattalioochec r., opposite Fort Gaines, 92 m. S. E. Mont- 
gomery. The South-western E. E. of Georgia terminates at 
Fort Gaines, and will be continued hence from Franklin to 
Pensacola. 

Fp.ankltn. t. and p. v., New London co., Owni. : 32 m. 
E. S. K. Hartford. Drained by Susquetonsout r.. a branch 
of Yantic r., and Beaver Brook, all which afford water- 
power. Gheiucket r. makes its N. E. boumlary. Surface 
uneven; soil gravelly loam. The v. lies on the New Lon- 
don, Willimantie, and Palmer E. E., 20 m. from New Lon- 
don. The t. has a number of mills and minor manufaclures, 
but is chiefly devoted to agriculture and grazing. Pop. 895. 

Franklin, p. v., and cap. Johnson co., l/it/. : on the E. 
Bide of Young's cr. of Sugar cr., an affluent of the E. fork 



of While r., 20 m. S. by E. Indianapolis. The Matlison and 
Indianpolis It. K. passes through the v., and the Martins- 
ville Branch E. E. diverges from this jioint. The v. is sit- 
uate on a high bluff, and contains a court-house and co. 
jail, several stores, and 1,800 inhabitants. It, is tlie seat of 
I'>anklin College, a Baptist institution; and a newspaper, 
the " F. Examiner" (dem.) is issued weekly. 

FiiAXKLiN, p. v., and cap. Heard co., Ga.: on the K. side 
of ChaUahoochee r., 112 m. W. by N. Milledgeville. It 
contains a court-house, and about 30 dwellings. 

Fkanklin, p. v., Morgan county,///.; 26 m. W. S. W. 
Springfield. 

FjiANKLiN, p. v., and cap. Simpson co., JC>/. : on the W. 
side of Drake's cr. of Barren r., 145 m. S. W. Nashville. It 
contains a court-house, jail, etc., and about 40 dwellings. 
The Louisville and Nashville E. E.will pass through or near 
this place, 

Franklin, p. t., and cap. St. Jlarj's par., La. : on the "W. 
side of Bayou Teche, 52 m. S. S. "W. Baton Eouge. It is a 
f)lace of considerable business, and has some river and 
coast trade. Pop. about 600. 

Franklin, t. and p. v., Hancock co.. i)/"c. .• 91 m. E. by N. 
Augusta. Drained by ponds and creeks emptying into 
Taunton Bay, an arm of Frenchman's Bay, lying ou the 
S. shore of the town. The v. lies near the head of the bay. 
Pop. oft. 736. 

Franklin, p. v.. Holmes county, Miss. : on Big Cypress 
creek, 51 m. N. Jackson. 

Fkanklin, p. v., Oakland co., Midi. : on a cr. of the N. 
branch of Eouge r., C6 m. E. by S. Lansing. 

Franklin, t. and }>. o., Howard co., 3lo. : 44 ra. N. W. 
Jefferson City. Drained by Bonne Femme r., a tributary of 
Missouri r., which makes its S. boundary. There are two 
villages here. Old Franklin and New Franklin, the former 
lying on the N. bank of the Missouri, and the latter on 
Bonne Femme r., 2 m. N. of it. 

Franklin, t. and p. v., Norfolk co., Mass.: 27 m. S. W. 
Boston. Drained by branches of Charles r., which marks 
its N. boundary, and affords good water-power. The vil- 
lage is situate near the centre, and la intersected by the 
Norfolk County K. R. The t. has considerable manu- 
factures, especially of straw bonnets, cotton goods, etc. 
Pop. of t. 1,8IS. 

Franklin, p. v., and cap. Macon co., N". Cur. : on the 
W. side of a S. branch of Tennessee r., 272 m. W. S. "W. 
Ealeigh. 

Franklin, t. and p. v., Merrimac co., K. ITamp. : IS m. 
N. by W. Concord. Drained by Pemegewassctt and "Win- 
nipiseogee rivers, which here unite and form Merrimac r. 
The village is situate on the Northern E. E., and here di- 
verges the Bristol Branch E. E., 13 m. long. The t. has 
abundant water-power and some manufactures. Pop, 1,251. 

Fkanklin. t. and p. v., Delaware co., K. Y. : 71 m. W. S.W. 
Albany. Drained by Oleout cr. and its tributaries, and 
aftlucnLsofUnadillar. Surface broken ; soil a reddish loam. 
The village lies on the S. side of the creek, and contains 
about 600 inhabitants. The t. has numerous mills, and 
3,087. inhabitants. 

Franklin, t. and p. v., "Warren co., Ohio: 72 m. W. S. W. 
Columbus. Drained by tributaries of Great Miami r., on 
the E. bank of which the village is located, and along which 
the Miami Canal runs. Pop. 2,544. 

Fkanklin, p. b., and cap. Venango co., Penn. : on the 
S. side of French cr., at its confluence with Alleghany r., 
179 m. "W. N. W. Harrisburg. It contains a court-house, 
jail, etc., four churches, several forges, mills, and stores, and 
about 900 inhabitants. The creek is crossed by a bridge 
200 feet long, and the Alleghany r. i-t navigable to this 
point for vessels of 60 or 80 tons during half the year. Two 
newspai)ers, the "Advocate and Journal" (neutral), and 
the *' Venango Spectator" (dem.), are is.Hued weekly. A 
canal is projected to Erie, and the Alleghany Valley E. K, 
will probably touch ou this village. 

231 



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Fka>-klin, p. v., Essex Co., -A'. Jet\ 
Fbanklis, p. v., and cap. Williamson CO., Tenn.: on 
Harpeth r., 19 m. S. by W. Xasbville. It contains a court- 
house, etc., several stores, and about 60 dwellings, and has 
a newspaper, the "Western llevicw" (whig), published 
weelily. The Nashville and Florence K. E. passes through 
the village. Pop. of t 2,305. 

Feaskli.v, p. v., and cap. Eobcrtson co.. Tot. ; on Mud 
cr. of Little Brazos r., 93 m. E. N. E. Austin Oily. 

Fka.n-klin, p. v., and cap. Pendleton eo., Virrj. : on the 
W. side of the S. branch of Potomac r., 1'24 m. N. W. 
Kiohmond. It contains a court-house, and other county 
buildings, and about 200 inhabitants. 

Fkanklin, t and p. o., FVanklin co.. Term,: 54 m. 

N. N. \V. Montpelier. Drained by P.oche's r. and branches 

of Missisqui r. Surface rough ; soil moderately fertile ami 

adapted to grazing. The village lies in the N. W. part of 

the t. Agriculture is the general pursuit, but there are 

several mills on the streams. Pop. 1,0-UJ. 

Feaskles, p. v., Fulton co.. Ark, : US m. N. Little Rock. 

Franklin Centee, p. o., Lee co., /«. ; 69 m. S. Iowa City. 

Fbanklin Citt, p. v., Korfolk co., Mass. : 2S m. S. W. 

Boston. 

Fea>kltn College, p. c, Davidson co., TeJtn.: near 
■Nashville. This college was founded in I-^IS, and had in 
.650, 5 professors, 26 alumni, and SO students, with a library 
of 8,000 volumes. 

Feasklin Coexees, p. 0., Erie co., renn. : 214 m. N. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Fka.n-klindale, p. v., Bradford CO., Penn. : 100 m. N. 
Harrisburg. 

FKASKLm Dep6t, p. 0., Southampton co., Tliy. : 09 m. 
8. S. E. F.ichmond. 

Feanklin Fcenace, p. 0., Franklin co., J/: Y.: 123 m. 
N. Albany. 

Feasklin FtiENACE, p. 0., Scjoto CO., OMo : 93 m. S. by E. 
Columbus. 

Fbaskun FtJKNACE, p. o., Sussex CO., if! Jin: : CT m. N. 
Trenton. 

Feanklin Geote, p. c, Lee CO., Ill : at the head of 
FrankUn er. of Eock r. 143 m. N. Springfield. 

Fbankun Mills, p. v., Portage co., Ohio : on Cuyahoga 
r., 115 m. N. E. by N. Columbus. The falls at this point 
create a great water-power. The Ohio and Pennsylvania 
Canal passes through the village, which contains numerous 
mills, and among the dweUings are many fine buildings. 

Fkanklin Speings, p. o., Franklin Co., ffu. ; between 
the forks of Broad r., SI m. N. MiUedgeville. 

Feanklin Sqfaee, p. v., Columbiana co., Ohio : at the 
junction of Cherry and Middle forks of Little Beaver r., 
114 m. E. N. E. Columbus. It contains several large mills 
and factories, and has about SOO inhabitants. The Ohio 
and Pennsylvania E. E. passes through the village, Go m. 
from Pittsburg. 

Fbasklington, p. v., and cap. 'Washington par.. La. : on 
the E. side of Bogue Chitto, 66 m. E. N. E. Baton Eouge. 

Fbanklington, p. v., Henry co., Xy. ." 26 m. N. W. 
Frankfort. 

Feanklington, p. T., FrankUn CO., iK Car.: ST m. 
S. N. E. Ealeigh. 

Feanklington, p. v., Schoharie county. If. Y. : 43 m. 
W. B. W. Albany. 

Feanklington, p. v., Tork co., Penn. : 15 m. S. S. W. 
Harrisburg. 
Feanklintille, p. v., Carroll Co., M(3. 
Franklinyille, p. v., P.andulph co., iV. Car. : 72 m. W. 
Ealeigh. 

FR.ANKLrNvii.LE, p. V., Gloucester co., iV; Jer. : 44 m. S. 
Trenton. 

Feanklinville, t. and p. v., Cattaraugus co., X. Y. : 
234 m. W. S. W. Albany. Drained by Isihua and Great 
Talley creeks. Surface undulating ; soil, clay and loam. 
The V. hes in the N. E. part of the town. Pop of 1. 1,700. 



FKE 

Feankstown, t. and p. b., Blair county, Penn. : 84 m. 
W. by X. Harrisburg. Drained by creeks of Juniata r. 
Surface mountain and valley ; soil generally good— in tho 
valleys calcareous loam. The borough lies 2 m. N. lloUi- 
daysburg, and contains about 4.50 inhabitants. Tho L has 
several furnaces, etc., and 1,649 inh.ibitants. 

Feanksville, p. v., Claiborne par., Za. : 20S m. H. W. 
Baton Eouge. 

Feanktown, p. v., Northampton co., rirg. : at the head 
of Naswadey cr., 132 m. E. Kaleigh. 

Feanizdale, p. v., Ulster co., A^. 1'. ." 5S m. S. S. W. 
Albany. 

Feazee, p. c, Chester coanty, Penn.: 71 m. E. S. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Frazeysbuegh, Muskingum county, Oldo: on the Ohio 
Canal, 68 m. Vi. N. W. Columbus. 

Frease's Store, p. o., Stark CO., Ohio: 101 m. N. E. 
Columbus. 

FcEDEEioA, p. v., Kent co., Del. : on the N. side of 
Murderkill cr., 11 m. S. Dover. 

Feeuekica, p. v., Glynn co., Ga. : on the E. side of St. 
Simon's Island, 168 m. S. E. MiUedgeville. Here are the 
ruins of a fort built by Gen. Oglethonie in 1786. The vU- 
lage contains about 20 dwellings. 

Feedeeick county, Md. Situate N. E., and contains 5C0 
sq. m. Drained by Monocaey r. and Catoetin er., affluents 
of Potomac r. Surface undulatmg— in the W. South Mount- 
ain and its offshoots render it somewhat hilly and broken ; 
soils various — in some parts decomposed slate, in others red 
shales, and in others of limestone formation. Its agricul- 
tural capacities are excellent, and it has extensive forests 
of oak, hickory, chestnut, locust, ash, etc. Its geology is of 
the primary "era; its principal rocks quartz, sandstone, 
blue slate, dolomite, etc., and there is a fine white marble 
found in the county. Copper, iron, manganese ores, and 
barytes abound. Flouring mills, tanneries, smitherics, boot 
and shoe factories, woolen mills, et«., constitute its principal 
industrial estabUshments ; of flouring mills there are 72, and 
of tanneries 43. Farms 1,983; manuf. 248; dwell. 1,391, 
and i..ip.-wh. 83,314, fr. col. 3,760, si. 3,'J13-total 40,9s7. 
Cajyit.d: Fre.leriek City. Pullic Works: Baltimore and 
Ohio K. R. ; Frederick Branch E. R. 

Feedeeick county, Tirg. Situate N. E., and contains 
480 sq. m. Drained by Opequan, Back, and Sleep er., 
affluents of Potomac r. Surface diversified by hills and 
valleys, and soil of average productiveness— in some parts, 
especially along the rivers, very fertile. Iron ore, potters' 
elay, etc., are abundant, and there are several extensive m- 
dilslrial establishments in various parts. The streams afford 
fine water-power, which is extensively used for milling pur- 
poses Farms 1,026; manuf. S9; dwell. 2,326, and pop.— 
wh 12,769, fr. col. 912, si. 2,294— total 15,975. Capital: 
Wiiichester. Public Works : Winchester and Potomac E. K. 
Feedeeick City, p. v., and cap. Frederick Co., Md. : on 
Carroll's cr., a tributary of Monocaey r., 68 m. W. N. W. 
Vnnapolis. Lat. 390 n' N., and long. 77° 18' W. It is a 
well-built town, with regular, wide streets, and contiims a 
court-house, a substantial building, the county jail, mid other 
public offices; 17 churches, some of them spacious and of 
fine architecture ; several literary and scientific institutions, 
and about 1,000 dwellings, mostly of brick or stone, and many 
of them elegant, and 6,028 inh.Tbitants, of which 4,786 are 
white 822 free colored, and 420 slaves. In regard of ]iopu- 
lation'it is the third town of the State, Baltimore and Cum- 
beriand onlv having more inhabitants— in wealth and ele- 
gance it is "second only to Baltimore. St. John's College, 
chartered in 1860, and several other Roman C^atholic insti- 
tutions are located in Frederick. The newspapers published 
here are the "Star" (literary), the "Banner of Liberty" 
(whig), the "Examiner" (whig), tho "F. Herald" (whig), 
andUie "Republican Citizen" (dem.), all issued weekly. 
The highwav from Baltimore to Wheeling passes through 
Frederick, and a branch road connects it with the Balti- 



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more and Ohio K. R. The valley of MoQocacy r. is efnialiy 
remarkable for its beauty, its rich agricultural nsourccs, 
and its mineral wealth. Frederick ia the depOl of this dis- 
trict, and has a large commerce. Numerous maiiufaftures 
are carried on, and also a large wholesale and retail trade. 
Fr.EDi^RicK, p. v., Mahoning eo., Ohio : on a branch of 
Mahoning r., 128 m. N. K. Columbus. 

Fkcdekick, t. and p. v., Montgomery co., Penn.: 74 m. 
E. by N. Harrisburg. 

FREDEaicKSBURGH, p. V., ^VashiHgton en., IiuJ. : on Great 
Blue r., 83 m. S. Indianapolis. It is a pleasant village of 
some 1011 or 120 inhabitants. 

FaEDERiCKSBUBGn, p. V., Wayne co., Ohio : on Salt er., 
9(5 m. N. E. Columbus. It contains several nulls and fac- 
tories, numerous mechanic shops, and about -tOO inhabitants. 
FKEDERiCKSBunGn, p. V., OsagB CO., Mo, 
FjiEDERiCKSBCRGU, p. V., LcbanoQ CO., Venn.: 89 m. 
E. by N. Harrisburg. Pop. 397. 

Fkedericksbukgu, p. v., and cap. Gillespie co., Tex. : on 
Barron's cr. of Pedernales r., 73 m. W. Austin City. 

Fredekicksburgh. p. b., Spottsylvania co., Virg. : on the 
S. W. side of Rappahannock r., below the falls and at the 
head of navigation, 110 m. from its confluence with Chesa- 
peake Bay, 60 m. N. Richmond. Lat. 38° Z\' N., and long. 
770 3S' W. The city is surrounded by hills, and is laid 
out with great regularity. It has a court-house, jail, and 
public offices; several factories and mechanic shops, and 
numerous wholesale and retail stores. It exports immense 
amounts of tobacco, grain, and corn, and has a flourii-bing 
internal trade. It has one daily newspaper, the " Virginia 
"Whig;" two semi- weeklies, the "Democratic Recorder" 
(dem.), and the " F. News" (whig), both of which issued 
■weekly editions; and one weekly, the " Christian Banner," 
a religious publication. The falls of the Rappahannock, in 
the vicinity, afford good water-power; and the city is sup- 
plied with excellent water from the river in pipes laid by 
a joint-stock company. The city was named in honor of 
Prince Frederick, the father of George III. In 1S30 it had 
8,3U7 inhabitants; in 1S40, 3,97-4; and in 1S50 about G.OiiQ. 
The Richmond, Frederick, and Potomac R. R. passes 
through the city. 

Fredebickshall, p. T., Louisa co., Yirg. : 31 m. N. W. 
Eichmond. The Virginia Central R. R. passes through the 
TilKage. 

Fredericks VI LI.E, p. v., Schuyler co., III.: 37G m. N. 
Springfield. 

F red E KICK TON', p. V., Marlon co., III. : on Skillet fork of 
Little Wabash r., 93 m. S. S. E. Springfield. 

Fbedericktown, p. v., Washington co., Kt/. : on Beech 
Fork, 43 m. S. W. Frankfort. 

Feepebicktown, p. v., Madison co., Mo. : on a branch 
of St, FranQois r,, 126 m. E. S. E. Jefferson Cily. Immense 
mining operations are carried ou in the surrounding 
country. 

Fbedericktown, p. v., Knox co., Ohio: on Vemou r., 

42 m. N. N. E. Columbus. The Columbus and Lake Erie 

E. E. passes through the village, 30 m. from Newark. P. 712 

Fredekicktown, p. v., Washington co., Pemi. : 1S4 m. 

W. Harrisburg. 

Frj;l)On, p. v., Sussex co., iV' Jer. : 53 m. N. by W. 
Trenton. 

Fkedonia, p. v., Chambers co., Ala.: on a creek of 
Chattahoochee r., 71 m. N. E. Montgomery. 

Freuosia, p. v., Crawford co., Ind.: on a high bluff at 
the lower end of the Horse Shoe Bend of the Ohio r.. IOC 
m. S. by W. Indianapolis. It is about 4 m. below Levcu- 
worth, and contains about 300 inhabitants. 

Feedonia, p. v., Caldwell co., Kij. : on Livingston's or. 
of Cumberland r., 192 m. W. S. W. Frankfort. 

Fredoxia, p. v., Washtenaw co., Mich. : 43 m. 8. E. 
Lansing. 
Frkdonia, p. v., Ru!tk co., Tex, : 226 m. N. E. Austin Cily. 
FttSDo-MA, p. v., Chautauquc co., N. Y. : on Canadaway 

F3 



cr. of Lake Erie, 3 m. S. from Dunkirk and "278 m. W. by S. 
Albany. It contains several mills and facl'iries, and about 
l,2iio iuhabilants. The stores, hotels, streets, an*l public 
buildings are lighted by a "natural gas"' issuing from ihc 
bed of the creek. Several lighthouses on the lake shore are 
also lighted by the same carburetted hydrogen, which burns 
as brilliantly as coal or rosin gas. The " F. Courier" (wliig) 
is i)ublished weekly. This ia a pleasant and thriving 
village. 

Fbedonia, t. and p. 0., Washington co., Wi*<\ : 7(1 in. 

E. N. E. Madison. Drained by MUwautie r. and ils 

trilmtariea. Pop. 672. 

Fredonia, p. v., Licking co., Ohio : 27 m. N. E. Cohunbus. 

Freuoma, p. v., Williamson co., IlL: on the N. side of 

Big Muddy r., 13G m.S. S. E. Springfield. 

Fredonia, p. v., Montgomery co., Tenn. : ou a creek of 
Cumberland r., 34 m. N. W. Nashville. 

Fredonia, p. v., Macon county, Gtt. : 7G m. S. W. 
MilledgeviUe. 

Free Bridge, p. o., Cass co., Ga. : on Etowah r.. 122 m. 
N. W. MilledgeviUe. 

Fbeeburgu, p. v., Union CO., Pen}}.: -19 m. N. N. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Freedensdukgh, p. v., Schuylkill co., Pcun. : 47 m. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 
Freedom, p. v., Keokuk co., Ia. : 73 m. S. Iowa City. 
Freedom, p. v., Owen co., In<i. : on the W. fork of White 
r., 55 m. S. W. Indianapolis. 

Freedom, p. v., Sauk county, Wise: on the N. side of 
Baraboo r., 38 m. N. W. Madison. 
Freedom, p. v., Carroll co., Md. : 61 m. N. W. Annapolis. 
Freedom, p. v., Lafayette co., Mo. : SO m. W. N. W. 
Jefferson City. 

Freedom, t. and p. v., Waldo county, M'.'. : 27 ni. N. E. 
Augusta. Drained by a branch of Sebaslicook r. Surface 
level ; soil fertile. The village is called S. Freedom, and is 
a small agricultural settlement. Pop. of t.94S- 

Freedom, t. and p. v., Carroll co., iV'. Hump.: 4G m. 
N. N. E. Concord. Ussipce Lake borders it on the S., and 
receives its drainage. Surface uneven; soil of average fer- 
tility. The village is located at the outlet of the lake, on 
the N. side of Ossipee r. Pop. of t. 910. 

Fr.EEitOM, t, and p. 0., Cattaraugus co., A1 Y. : 232 m. 
W. by S. Albany. Drained by Clear and other creeks of 
Cattaraugus cr. Surface level ; soil, gravelly loam, fertile. 
Sandusky and Chelsea are villages in this i. Pop. in IbDO, 
l,0.-,2. 

Freedom, t. and p. o.. Portage co., Ohio : 12S m. N. E. 
Columbus. Drainage imperfect. Surface level, and in 
some parts wet ; soil fertile. Pop. 996. 

Fkeedom, p. b., Beaver CO., Penn. : on the right bank of 
Ohio r., 2 m. E. of Beaver r. confluence, 182 ni. W. by N. 
Harrisburg. The Ohio and Pennsylvania E. E. pusses 
through it, 2:3 m. from Pittsburg. It is pleasantly situate ou 
rising ground, and has many facilities for river commerce. 
Engines an<l boilers are made here, and steamboats of largo 
size are built. Pop. about 60D. 

Freedom, p. v., La Salle county, III.: 192 m. N. K 
Springfield. 

Freedom Plains, p. v., Duchess co., J^. Y.: 67 m. S. 
Albany. 

Freeuold, t., p. v., and cap. Monmouth co., N. Jer, : 51 m. 
E. by N. Trenton. Surface wet ; soil, sandy loam and well 
cultivated. The village contains a court-house, county jail, 
and other public offices, several stores, and about 300 in- 
habitanLs. The Battle of Monmouth, a hard fight of the 
lievolution. occurred here 2Sth June, 1773. The village has 
three periodicala, the " Seminary Advocate'' (educational), 
the " People's Advocate" (dem.), and " Young America" 
(whig), all issued weekly. There are in the t. numer- 
ous distilleries, grist and saw mills, mechanic shops, etc., 
and 2,G;J3 inhabitants. 
FttEEHOLD, p. v., Greene co., A^. Y. : on Catskill cr., 26 m. 

^-38 



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S. "W. Albany. It contains about 30 dwellings and 200 
inbabitanU. 

Feeel, p. 0., Polk CO., Ta. : 118 m. "W. Iowa City. 

Fekeland. p. o., Baltimore co., Md. 

Fbeelanp, p. 0., Korthumberland co., Penn. : 4S m. N. 
Harrisburg. 

Feeeland'8, p. 0., Muskingum co., Ohio: 73 m. E. 
Columbus. 

Freeman, t. and p. o., Franklin co., M?. : 44 m. N. N.W. 
Augusta. Drained by a branch of Sandy r., on which also 
the village is located. Pop. 7G2. 

Feeemansburgii, p. v., Korthampton co., Penn,: S7 m. 
E. N. E. Ilarrisburg. 

Feeehajc's Lakpino, p. 0., Ilancock co., Yirg.: on the 
Ohio r., 2(J4 m. N. W. Kiehmond. 

Feeemansville, p. v., Cherokee co., Ga.: 109 m. N.W. 
Milledgeville. 

Feeemaston, p. v., EflBngham co., III. : on a branch of 
Little Wabash r., 71 m. S. E. Springfield. 

Feeeo, p. 0., Washita co., Ark, : 69 m. 8. by E. Little 
Rock. 

Feeeport, p. T., Shelby co., Ind. : on the "W. side of Blue 
r., 24 m. E. S. E. Indianapolis. 

Feeepoet, p. v., and cap. Stephenson co., III.: on the 
S. side of Pecalonica r,, 168 m. N. Springfield. It is a 
fiourishing village, and being neighbored by fine mineral 
as well as agricultural lands, must eventually become an 
important place. Two newspapers, the " F. Journal'' (whig), 
and the " Prairie Democrat," are published weekly. The 
Galena Branch of the Central Illinois R. R. passes through 
tiie village, and is here intersected by the Galena and Chi- 
cago Union R. E., which lines connect it with Galena on 
the W., Chicago on the E., and Cairo on the S. of the State. 

Feeeport, t. and p. o., Cumberland co.. Me. : 37 m. 
S. S. W. Augusta, at the head of Casco Bay. The village 
is pleasantly situate, and has a small harbor, with some 
navigation and ship-building. The iowa is almost entirely 
agricultural, and has 2,629 inhabitants. 

Fueepop.t, p. v., Harrison co., 01/ io: on Big SllUwater cr. 
of Tuscarawas r., 94 m. E. byN. Columbus. The Stillwater 
ia boatable to this place, and at its mouth, 20 m. distant, 
connects with the Ohio Canal. The village contains numer- 
ous warehouses, mechanic shops, stores, etc., and about 600 
inhabitants. In the t. of the same name there are several 
flouring mills and other manufacturing establishments. 

Freepokt, p. b., Armstrong co., Penn. : at the confluence 
of Buffalo cr. with Alleghany r., 152 m. W. by N. Harris- 
burg. The Pennsylvania Canal passes this village, crossing 
the creek by an aqueduct. The village contains 6 or 7 
churches, of various denominations, numerous mills, fac- 
tories, and mechanic shops, and about 100 dwellings. Pop. 
about SOO. 

Feeeport, p. v., Wood county, Yirg. : 252 m. N. W. 
Richmond. 

Feee^hadk, p. o., Middlesex co., Virg, : 48 m. E. hy N. 
Richmond. 

Freestone county, Ttv. Situate centrally on "W. bank 
of tipper Frencby r., and contains about 860 sq. m. Erected 
since 1S50. Capital : Freestone. 

Freetown, t. and p. o., Bristol co., Mas-t. : 43 ra. S. 
Boston. Drained by branches of Taunton r., which makes 
the W. boundary. Surface level ; soil, light and santly. 
The t. has some manufactures, and the New Bedford and 
Taunton R. R. passes through it. Pop. 1,015. 

Freetown, p. v., Jackson co., Ind. : on a head branch 
of Salt cr., 53 m. 8. Indianapolis. 

Freetown Corners, p. v., Courtlandt co., Jtfl K; on a 
creek of Tioughnioga r., 113 m. W. Albany. 

Free Union, p. o., Albemarle co., Virg. : C9 m. W. N.W. 
Richmond. 

FEELSBiTiGn, p. v.. Colorado co., Ter. : on Peeper's cr., 
an affluent of Cummin's cr. of Colorado r., 80 m. E. S. E. 
Austin City. 
234 



Fremont county, la. Situate in the S. W. comer of the 
State, and contains 496 sq. m. Drained chiefly by Nish- 
nabatona r. and Keg cr., affluents of the Missouri r. Sur- 
face an extended prairie, except near the Missouri, which 
marks its W. border, where the land is somewhat broken. 
The soils arc fertile and among the best of the State- 
Farms 105; manuf. 0; dwell. 222, and pop.— wh, 1,244, 
fr. col. 0— total 1,244. Capital : Sidney. 

Fremont, p. v., Pontotoc co,. Miss. : 156 ra, N. N. E. 
Jackson. 

Fremont, p. v., Steuben county, Ind. : 141 m. N. N. E. 
Indianapolis. 

Fremont, p. v., Obion county, Tejm. : 152 m. W. 
Nashville. 

Fremont, p. v., Mahaska co., Ia. : on the highland be- 
tween Big Cedar cr. and the S. fork of Skunk r., 57 m. S. W. 
Iowa City. 

Fremont, p. v., Yolo co., Calif. : on the W". side of Sacra- 
mento r., opposite the mouth of Feather r., 63 m. N. E. 
Vallejo. 

Fremont, p. v., and cap. Sandusky county, Ohio : on the 
W. bank of Sandusky r., ^^ m. N. by W. Columbus. To 
this point the r. is navigated by small steamers. The v. 
contains the court-house, etc., several warehouses, stores, 
and mechanic shops, and about 1,492 inhabitants. It is built 
on the site of old Fort Stonington. The Cleveland, Nor- 
walk, and Toledo R. E. intersects this place. 

Fremont, p. o., Itawamba county, Mies. : 172 m. N. E. 
Jackson. 

Fremont, p. v., and cap. Cedar co., Mo. : on an elevated 
site between Cedar creek and Sac river, lOS m. S. W. 
Jefferson City. 

Fremont, p. o., Sullivan county, K Y. : 87 m. S. W. 
Albany, 

Fremont, p. v., Shiawassee county, Mich.: 23 m. N. E, 
Lansing. 

Fremont, p, c, Broivn county, Wise. : IIS N. N, E. 
Madison. 

Frencu Broad, p. o,, Buncombe co., N. Car. : on French 
Broad cr., 22S m. W. Raleigh. 

French Broad river, j\'". Car. and Tenn. : a constituent 
of Tennessee r. It rises by numerous head branches from 
the declivities of the Blue Ridge in Buncombe co., N. Car., 
and passing through a gap in the Stoney Mountains, enters 
Tennessee, and unites with Holston r., about 5 m. above 
Knoxville. It is navigable for boats of 15 tons to Dandridge. 
Its chief branches are the Nolichucky r. in the N., and 
Big and Little Pidgeon rivers in the S. 

Febncu Camp, p. o., Choctaw co., Miu. : 74 m. N. N. E. 
Jackson. 

French Creek, p. o., Knox county, PI. : on the cr. so 
called, 79 m. N. N. W. Springfield. 

French Creek, t. and p, v,, Chautanque county, K T. : 
the southernmost t of the State, 29S m. W, S. W. Albany. 
Drained by French creek. Surface hilly ; soil moist sandy 
loam. The v. is located on the cr. near the centre, and 
contains about 20 dwellings. In the t, there are several 
mills. Pop. 725. 

Frencu Creek, t and p. o., Mercer co., Penn. : 189 m. 
W. N.W, Ilarrisburg. Drained by tributaries of Alleghany 
river, one of which, named as above, passes through the 
N. E, part of the t. Surface level; soil clay and loam, 
of moderate fertility. It has several tanneries and mills, 
and 1,126 inhabitants. 

French Creek, p. o., Lewis co., Yirg. : on a cr. of the E, 
fork of Monongahela r„ 176 m, W. N. W, Richmond. This 
is an agricultural settlement, chieflv of New England people, 
and contains about SO scattered dwellings, various mechanic 
shops, etc. 

French creek, K Y. and Penn. : rises in Chautauque co., 
New York, and passes into Pennsvjvania tbrough Frio, 
Crawford, and Mercer counties into Venango co.. in which 
last it joins tlie Alleghany r. at the borough of Franklin, 



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aflcr a course of about 100 miles, for one Imlf of which dis- 
tance it is boalable. 

Feench Grant, p. c, Scioto co., Ohio: on the S. E. part 
of the CO., near Ohio r., 95 m. S. by E. Cohimbus. 

I'bencii Gbove, p. 0., Bureau co., III. : on a branch of 
Bpoon r., 103 ni. N. by "W. Springfield. French Grove eon- 
tains much fino timber, surrounded by rich rolling prairies. 
Fkencu Island, p. v., Spencer co., Jnd. : on the Ohio r., 
at the head of French Island, 131 m. S. by W. Imliauapolis. 
It is a small v. of some 10 or 12 dwellings. 

Fuench Lick, p. o., Orange co., Ind. : 79 m. S. S. W. 
Indiaiiapotis. 

KiiENciiMAN's bay, Me. : this important arm of the Atlan- 
tic is bounded W. by Baker's, one of llic Cranberry islands, 
and E. by a peninsula of the mainland, on the "VV. side of 
which is Musquito Harbor. The distance frotn Baker's 
Island to Skuttock Point is 10 m., and its depth is 20 m. 
It receives many valuable streams, and contains a number 
of excellent harbors and beautiful islands. It is easy of 
access, never obstructed by ice, and is one of the best re- 
treats in a storm on the American coast. 

FfiEXcn Mountain, p. o., "Warren coimty, K. T. : C3 m. 
N. N. W. Albany. 
Fkexcu's Corneb, p. o., Kennebec co., Jife. 
Feekcu's Mills, p. o., Bradford co., Fenn. : IIS m. 
N. by W. Harrisburg. 

Frrnchton, p. v., Lewis co., Th-g. : 174 m. "W. N. W. 
rjchmond. 

FEENcnTowN, p. 0., Ilunterdon coimty, X. Jer. : 29 m. 
N. by W. Treutou. 

Fkench Village, p. v., St. Clair co., HI : about 6 m. E. 
Illinoistown, and DO ni. 9. by W. Springfield. 

Fbbnciiville, p. v., Clearfield co., Penit. : lOS m. N. "W. 
Ilarrisburg. 

l-'itEWSBURGu, p. v., Chautauque co., A^ T.: on the E. 
side of Conewangu cr.. 274 m. W. S. W. Albany. 

Fbeysuusu, p. o., Montgomery' co., 2f. Y. : 47 m."W", N.W. 
Alb.tny. 

FiuAu's Point, p. o., Coahoma co., Miss. : 13S m. N. byW. 
Jackson. 

FiticK's Gap, p. o., "Walker county, G(t. : 1S7 m. N. Vf. 
Milledgpville. 

Fribdensville, p. v., Lehigh co,, Penn. : 77 m. E. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

FiJiHNUFiELD, p. o., Mariou disL, S. Ci-ir. : 07 m. K. N. E. 
Columbia. 
Friend's, p. c, Chautauque co., A1 K 
Friend's Grove, p. o., Charlotte co., Virff. : 74 m.W.S.W. 
Richmond. 

Frikndsiiip, p. v., Sumpfer county, Ga. : 97 m. S. W. 
Milledgeville. 

Fhiendsuip, p. o., M'Donough co., 11/.: 72 m. "W. N. "W. 
Springfield. 
FF.iENusnn*, p. v., Anne Arundel co., J/(/. 
Friknusuip, p. v., Fond du Lac co., Wise. : CI m. N. E. 
Madison. 

FRiENDsmp, t. and p. o., Lincoln co., Me. : 86 m. S. E. 
Augusta. Muscongar Bay bounds it on the W., and the 
Atlantic on the S., giving it considerable trading facilities. 
Several islands, oflT the coast, are included in the lown. 
The village lies on a small estuary in the S. E., and con- 
tains about 20 dwellings. Pop. of t.G52. 

Friesdsuip, p. v., Guilford co., 2i. Car. : 7S m. "W. N.W. 
r^leigh. 

FniENDsnip. t. and p. v., Allegbany county. A'! T. : 21S ra. 
W. by S. Albany. Drained by Campan's cr. of Genesee r. 
Surface undulating; soil, argillaceous mold. The village, 
on the line of the New "i'ork and Erie R. R., is a flourishing 
place of some 500 inhabitants. Pop. of t.],G25. 

Friendship, p. v., Sumter district, S. Car. : C7 m. E. S. E. 
Columbia. 

FiuENDsuip, p. o., Franklin co., Miss.: 73 m. S. S. W. 
Jackson. 



Friendship, p. o.. Dyer co., Tenn. : 142 m.Vf. Nashville. 
Fkiendsiup, p. o., Scioto co., Ohio: S(3 m. S. Columbus. 
Fkiend.sville, p. v., "Wabash county, IH. : 133 m. S. E. 
Springfield. 

Friendstille, p. v., Blount county, Tetin. : 103 m. E. S. E. 
Nashville. 

FiUENDSTiLLE, p. V., Susquchanua county, re?in. : 122 m. 
N. N. E. Ilarrisburg. 

Feisbie's Mills, p. o., "Warrick county, //?(?. ; on Little 
Pidgcon river, about 4 m. from its mouth, 130 m. S. by W. 
Indianapolis. 

Frog Level, p. o., Newberry dist, S. Car. 

Fron'i-eua, p. v., Socorro eo., y. Me.v. 

Frontier, p. o., Clinton co., K Y. : 154 in. N. Al!>any. 

Front Royal, p. v., and cap. Warren eo., Virg.: on 
Happy cr. of the Shenandoah r., about 1 m. from its mouth. 
It is the present terminus of llie Manassas Gap R. R., which, 
Iiowever, it is intended to extend to IlarrisbLirg, in Rock- 
ingham eo. It is a pleasantly situated village, and contains 
a court-house and other co. buildings, 2 churches, several 
stores and mechanic shops, mills, etc., and about 300 in- 
habitants. 

FROSTBuncn, p. v., Alleghany co., 3fd. : on the National 
Road, 10 m. W. Cumberland, and 156 m. W. N. W. Anna- 
polis. A railroad extends hence to Cumberland, whicli is 
chiefly used for the conveyance of the coal and iron of the 
Frostburg raining district to that point. Frostburg is ono 
of the most elevated villages in the Union, being, according 
to Schriver, 1,792 feet above the level of Chesapeake Buy. 
It is the centre of a vast mining region. 

Frozen Creek, p. o., Breathitt eo., A> ; 102 m. S. E. 
Frankfort. 

Fruit Hill, p. o.. Christian co., i. y. .■ 152 m. V<'. S. W. 
Frankfort. 

Fruit Hill, p. c, Yigo co., Md. : 78 in."W. Indianapolis. 

Fruit Hill, p. o., Clearfield co., Perm.: 112 m. N. W. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Fr.uiT liiLL, p. o., Edgefield dist., S. Car. : 67 m."W. by S. 
Columbia. 

Fruit Hills, p. v., "Warren county, OJiio: 86 m. S. "W. 
Columbus. The '■ Regenerator," a monthly periodical, is 
issued at this place. 

Fryburgh, p. v., Auglaize county, Ohio: 73 m. N. "W. 
Columbus. 

FRYEBtTRGH, t. and p. v., Oxford co., Me. : 63 m.W. S.'W. 
Augusta. Drained by the Saco r., which passes through 
it. Surface varied; soil is generally light, but on the river 
very fertile. The village, on the E. side of Saco r., is situate 
on a beautiful plain surrounded by hills, and near it is 
'' LovelPs Pond," celebrated in Indian warfare. Pop. 1.524.' 

Fryer's Bridge, p. o., Pike eo., Ala.: 49 m. S. by E. 
Montgomery. 

Fbyer'8 Ponds, p. o., Burke county, Ga. : 80 ra. E. 
Milledgeville. 

FuLDo, p. v., Spencer coimty, Itid.: 122 m. S. by W. 
Indianapolis. 

Fuller's Point, p. v., Coles co., lU. : 75 m. E. by S. 
Springfield. 

FuLLERSviLLE Ip.oN WoRKS, p. 0., St. Lawrcnce county, 
K. Y.: on a branch of Oswegatchie r., 131 m. N. W. 
Albany. The works here are extensive, and the village 
contains about 400 inhabitiints. 

Fulton county. Ark. Situate N. middle, and contains 
S2S sq. m. Drained in the E. by the forks of Si>ring and 
Strawberry rivers, affluents of Big Black r., and in the W. 
by a large branch of "White r. Surface diversified— in some 
parts broken ; soils generally fertile. The streams afl^ord 
many fino mill sites, and "White r. is here navigable for 
boats of large size. Farms 220; manuf. 0; dwell. 2S^, and 
pnp.— wh. 1,763, fr. col. 1, si. 50— total 1,S19. Capital: 
Pilot Hill. 

Fl-i.ton county. III. Situate toward the W. centrally, 
and contains S64 sq. m. Drained by Spoon r.. Copperas 

2S& 



FUL 



FUN 



cr., and other affluents of Illinois r., wliicli uiakts its E. and Fultox, t. and p. v., Hamilton co., Ohio: 97 m. S. W. 
B. 'e. boundary. Surface undulating, and consisting of 1 Columbus. It extends along the (ihio r. 2} m., and back 



prairie and timber in about equal proportions; soil, a deep 
black mold, ^■ery fertile. Iron ore is al)undant and has 
been successfully worked. Farms 1,942 ; manuf. 104 ; 
dwell. 8,611, and ijop.— wh. 22,492, fr. col. 10— totid 22,608. 
CapiUti : Lewistown. 

Fulton county. In</. Situate N. centre, and contains 867 
eq. m. Drained by the tributaries of the Tippecanoe, near 
wliich there is some hilly land, otherwise the surface is level 
or gently undulating. In the N. E. and E. there are dense 
forests— in other parts prairies or barrens, witli occasional 
groves. The timber lands are the beat, being a deep black 
mold. Iron ore is abundant. Farms 777; manuf. 13; 
dwell. 1,0S6, and pop.— wh. 5,980, fr. col. 2— total 5,9S2. 
Capital: Rochester. 

Ftn-TON county, Ki/. Situate in S. W. corner of the Slate, 
and contains ISO sq. m. Drained principally by I!ayr)u 
Desha cr., and is bounded on the W. and N. W. by the 
Mississippi r. Surface generally level; soil rich and pro- 
ductive. In the W. part of tiie county there are several 
small lakes, which have their outlets into the Mississipjii. 
The agricultural products arc, tobacco, the cereals, and 
some cotton. Farms 301 ; manuf 9 ; dwell. 586, and pop.— 
wh. 8,499, fr. col. 4, si. 943— total 4,440. Capital : Uickman. 
PiiUic Worka: Mobile and Ohio E. E. 

Fxn-TON county, N. Y. Situate N. E. centrally, and con- 
tains 500 sq. m. Drained by Sacandaga r. and East Can- 
ada cr. Surface hilly, approaching to mountain : soils of 
the valleys very fertile. Farms 1,301; manuf. 23S; dwell. 
8,736, and pop.— wh. 20,079, fr. col. 92— total 20,171. Cap- 
ital: Johnstown. Pahlic Works: Utica and Schenec- 
tady E. E. ; also Saratoga and Sackett's llarbor E. E. (pro- 
jected), etc. 

FcLTON county, Ohio. Situ,ate N. W., and contains 432 
Bq. m. Drained chieHy by TilHn r. and a number of other 
smaller tributaries of Maumee r. Surface moderately un- 
even and soils rich and fertile. Farms 820 ; manuf. 32 ; 
dwell. 1,355, and pop.— wh. 7.7S0 fr. col. 1— total 7,7bl. 
Capital: Dover. Puhlic Works: Fort Wayne, Perrys- 
burg, and Sandusky E. E., etc. 

Fulton county, renn. Situate S., and contains 480 sq. m. 
Drained by affluents of the Potomac and Juniata rivers. 
Surface hilly, witli fertile and extensive valleys. It is a 
fine grain and grazing countrj-, and exports largely of its 
produce. It also yields iron, bituminous coal, potters clay, 
etc. Farms 531 ; manuf. 49; dwell. 1,333, and pop.— wh. 
7,474, fr. col. 9-3- total 7,667. Capital: Ilarrisouville. 

Fulton, p. v., Uempslead co., Ark. : on the N. side of 
Red r., about 3 m. E. of the confluence of Saline Bayou, 83 
m. S. W Little P.ock. 

Fulton, p. v., Whitesides co.. III. : on the E. side of 
Mississippi r., 144 m. N. by W. Springfield. 

Fulton, p. v., and cap. Itawamba eo., Miss.: on the E. 
side of the E. fork of Tombigbee r., 108 m. N. E. Jackson. 
It contains a court-house and about 30 dwellings. 
Fulton, p. v., Barry CO., Mich. : 42 m. W. by S. Lansing. 
Fulton, p. v., and cap. Callaway co., J/o. .* on Aux Vases 
c of Missouri r., 20 m. N. E. Jelferson City. It contains a 
court-house and other county buildings, several stores, and 
about COO inhabitants, with a thickly populated neighbor- 
hood. A weekly newspaper, the " Missouri Telegraph," is 
published here. 

Fulton, p. o., Davie co., -V. Car. : on the W. side of 
Tadkin r., 95 m. W. by N. lialeigh. 

Fulton, p. v., Oswego county, X. Y. : an the E. side of 
Oswego r., 139 m. W. N. W. Albany, and on the line of the 
Oswego Canal, 27 m. from Syracuse and 1 1 m. from Lake 
Ontario. The river here has a fall of 20 feet, which pro- 
duces an immense hydraulic power, which propels several 
flour and other mills. The " F. Patriot" is issued weekly. 
It is a thriving and pleasant village, containing numerous 
stores and about 1,300 inhabitants. 
236 



to the hill about half a mile, and is situate immediately 
above Cincinnati. The village, about a mUe from the city, 
has extensive lumber yards, 11 steam saw mills, and 6 ship- 
yards. As many as 40 to 50 steamboats are built here an- 
nually, besides barges, ships, etc. It has also a dry dock. 
The Little Miami E. P.. passes through its principal Btreet. 
The whole town is a scene of industry, and as a stlburb of 
Cincinnati, it is one of its most important satellites. Pop. of 
t. in 1840, 1,600; in 1860, 3,225. 

I'ulton, p. v., Westmoreland CO., Penn. : 147 m. "W. 
Harrisburg. Pop. 1,797. 
Fulton, p. v., Dallas CO.; Ala. : 39 m. W. Montgomery. 
Fulton, p. v., Sumter dist., S. Car.: on the E. side of 
Santee r., 37 m. S. E. Columbia. 

Fulton, p. v., Lauderdale co., Tenn.: on a bluff of the 
E. bank of Mississippi r., above the confluence of Big 
Ilatchee r., 173 m. W. by S. Nashville. It has some river 
trade and about 40 dwellings. 

Fulton, t and p. v., Eoek county, Wisr. : 42 m. S. E. 
Madison. Drained by Catfisli and other attluents of Eoek 
r., which winds through the town. The village is located 
at the confluence of Catfish and Eock rivers. Pop. 82S. 

Fulton, p. v., Fulton co., Jml. : on the Logansport and 
Eoehester turnpike, SO m. N. Indianapolis. 

Fulton lakes, j\'. Y. : a chain of 8 lakes, lying partly in 
Herkimer and partly in Hamilton counties. They are con- 
nected by navigable outlets, forming the head branches of 
Moose r., which in Lewis county empties into Black river. 
Fulton Centre, \\ v., Fulton co.. III. : on the E. side 
of Spoon r., opposite the village of Bernadolte, 54 m. N. W. 
Springfield. 

Fui.Ti>NiiA.M, p. v., Schoharie CO., JV. Y, : on the W. side 
of Schoharie cr., 32 m. W. by S. Albany. 

FuLToNUAM, p. v., Muskiugum CO., Oldo : 56 m. E. 
Columbus. It h.as several manufacturing establishmenta 
and mechanic shops, and about 000 iuhabitants. 

FuLTONViLLE, p. v., Montgomery co.. A'. )'. : on the S. 
bank of Mohawk r. and on the Erie Canal, 37 m. W. N. W. 
Albany. The river is here crossed by a bridge. The vil- 
lage contains several stores and mechanic shops, a dry dock 
and boat-yard, and about 400 inhabitants ; and has a news- 
paper, the "Montgomerj' Whig," which is issued weekly. 
It is situate almost opposite to Fonda, the county-seat of 
justice. 

FuLwoon's Stork, *p. o., Union co., Al Car. : 122 m. 
W. S. W. Ealeigh. 

FuNDY. bay of: this bay washes a part of the eastern 
shore of Maine, and is an important channel of commerce 
between the United States and British provinces of New 
Brunswick and Nova Scotia. It sets up round Cape Sable 
in lat. 43° 24' N., anil long. 65° 39' W., and crosses to the 
shore of Maine a little W. of Frenchman's Bay, from the 
mouth of which to the cape is about 150 miles. From 
Eastport to St. John's, N. B., is 60 m., from St. John's to 
Annapolis 40 m., and fVom thence to Halifax, overland, 
about 70 m. The bay is divided near its head by Chig- 
necto Cape. The N. W. part is called Chignecto Bay, and 
the S. E. the Basin of Mines. From Eastport to the head 
of Chignecto Bay is 170 m., to Windsor, at the head of the 
Basin of Mines, 1.50 ra.. and from Windsor to Halifax 45 m. 
The commerce of this bay is very considerable, and its 
fisheries are the most extensive and valuable in the world. 
The tides are supposed to rise higher in the Bay of Fundy 
than in any other part of the world, and their elevation in- 
creases in ascending : at Eastport they rise 25 feet, at St. 
John's 80, at Cape Split 65, at Windsor 60, and at Cumber- 
land 71. The islands within the bay are Grand Menan, 
and a cluster of small islands round it off. West Quoddy 
Head, and Campo Eello, near Eastport, and others— all be- 
longing to the British. Isle de Haute contains beautiful 
specimens of asbestos. The rapidity of the tides, the al- 



FUX 



GAL 



most persistent fogs, and the absence of good li:irIjors l)e- 
Iweea Easlport and St. Joan's, and from St. John's to Cliiii- 
necto Cape, render the navigation dangerous and difficult. 
The tides herald their approach by a roaring turmoil, arid 
overwhelm in their course all opposition, the first tide wave 
being from 8 to 10 feet in height. The harbor of St. John's 
is of easy access, safe, and of sufficient expanse and depth 
for a large fleet. It is located at the outlet of the gr*il river 
of the same name, in tat. 45*^ 20' N., and long. G6° W. Its 
chief export is lumber, and of this material it supplies by 
far the greatest quantity received in England. 

FiTNKSTOiiVN, p. v., Washington co., Md. : on the E. bank 
of Antietam cr., 55 m. W. N. W. Annapolis. It is a con- 
siderable village, and has 793 inhabitants, 

FuBKACE, p. o., Erie co., Ohio. 

Furnace, p. o., Berks co., Penn. 

FuasACB Village, p. v., Litchfield co.. Conn. : on a 
creek of Salmon r., -14 m. W. by N. Hartford. Here are 
extensive smelling works, famous for the production of a 
a fine quahty of iron. The ore is obtained from a bed in 
the W. part of the t, near the New York State Hue. 



G 

Gabriel's Creek, p, o., Yancey co., X. Car. : 212 m. W. 
Ealeigh. 

Gaddetville, p. v., Eobeson co., 2^. Car. : 93 m. S. S.W. 
Ealeigh. 

Gaddistown, p. v., Union co., Ga.: 133 m. N. by AV. 
MiUedgeville. 

Gadfly, p. c, Barrj' co., Mo. : 14Y m. S. W. Jefferson City. 

Gadsden county, -Flor. Situate centrally in W. District, 
and contains 1,150 sq. m. It extends from the Georgia line 
to the Gulf of Mexico, and is inclosed on the E. by Ock- 
lockony r., and in the W. chiefly by Appalachicola r. Dog 
Island, oQ" the coast, belongs to this county. Surface gen- 
erally low and level — on the Appalachicola r. are hills or 
biufls, and toward the S. the lands are somewhat marshy ; 
soils on the streams generally fertile, but in other parts 
there are extensive pine barrens and sandy w.-istes. Cotton, 
rice, sugar, and tobacco are grown. Farms -iSi' ; manuf. ; 
dwell. 6S4, and pop.— wh. 3,9U0, fr. col. 4, si. 4,S79— total 
8,7S8. Capital: Quincy. 

Gadsden, p. v., Cherokee co., Ala. : 134 m. N. by E. 
Montgomery, 

Gausdex, p. v., Kichland dist., S. Car. : on the N. E. side 
of Cedar er. of Congaree r., and on the line of the Colum- 
bia Branch K. R., 19 m. S. E. Columbia. 

Gage's Lake, p. o., Lake county, lU.: 192 m. N. E. 
Springfield. 

Gage's Point, p. o., St. Francis co., Arl: : 91 m. E. N. E. 
Litlle Rock. 

Gajianna, p. v., Franklin eo., Ohio. 

Gailev'8 Mill, p. c, Hall co., Ga. : 07 m. N. by W. 
MiUedgeville. 

Gainer's Store, p. o., Pike co., Ala. : about 4 m. E. 
Conecuh r. and 49 S. by E. Montgomery. 

Gaines, t. and p. v., Orleans co., J^T. Y. : 224 m. "W. by N. 
Albany. Drained by branches of Oak Orchard cr. of Lake 
Ontario. Surface generally level; soil, clayey loam, very 
fertile. The v. is situate on the Eidge Eoad, and contains 
about COO inhabitants. Pop. of t. 2,722. Tho Erie Canal 
passes through the S. portion of this town. 

Gaines, t. and p. o., Tioga co., Pe7in. : 112 m. N. N. W. 
Ilarrisburg. Drained by Pine cr., an affluent of tlie W. 
branch of Susquehanna r. Surface diversified by hills and 
valleys; soils of moderate fertility. It constitutes a fine 
grazing ountry and has abundance of limber. Pop. 531. 

Gaines' Bend, p. o., Hawkins co., 7'«i7i.;216m.E. byN. 
Jsashville. 

GAiNESBoaocGn, p. v., and cap. Jackson co*, Tenn. ; on 



the left bank of Cumberland r., 61 in. E. N. E. Xashville. 
It contains a court-house and other public buildings, and 
about 300 inhabitants. 

Gainesborol'gu, p. v., Frederick co., Virff. : on a branch 
of Back cr. of Potomac r., 122 m. N. N. W. Richmond. It 
contains several mechanic shops and about 200 iuhabilanls. 

Gaines' Cnoss Roads, p. o., Rappahannock co., Virrj.: 
S4 m. N. N. "W. Richmond. 

Gaines' Landing, p. o., Chicot eo., ArK: : 134 m, S. E. 
Little Rock. 

Gainestown, p. v., Clark county, Ala. : 106 m. S. "W. 
Montgomery. 

Gainesville, p. v., Sumter co., Ala.: on the AV. side of 
Litlle Tombigbee r., at the mouth of Okanoxubec r., 112 in. 
W. N. W. Montgomery. The " Republican Pilot and Sen- 
tinel" (dem.) is published weekly. Pop. about GOO. 

Gainesville, p. v., and cap. Greene co.. Ark. : about IT 
m. AV. of St. Francis r. and 137 m. N. E. Little Rock. It i3 
situate in the midst of a fine prairie country, and has a 
court-house, jail, etc., and about 200 inhabitants. 

Gainesville, p. v., and cap. Uall co., Ga. : on the led 
side and 3 m. E. of Chattahoochee r., 92 m. N. N. TV'. Mil- 
ledgeville. It has a court-house, jail, etc., and has sever:U 
stores and mechanic shops, with about 3oO inliabitants. 

Gainesville, p. v., Hancock co., Miss. : 129 m. S. S. E. 
Jacksi^n. It is a flourishing village, and has a newspaper, 
the •• Pine Knot" (disunion), a weekly issue. 

Gainesville, t. and p. v., Wyoming co,, 2f. Y.: 2IS m. 
W. by S. Albany. Drained by Allen's and other creeks 
of Genesee r. Surface undulating, sometimes hilly ; soil, 
clayey loam, and fertile, well adapted to grazing. Tlie v., 
in the centre, contains several stores and about 45 dwell- 
ings. Pop. of t. 2,663. The Buflalo and New York City 
R. R. crosses the t. in the N. E., 3S m. from Iloruellsville. 

Gainesville, p. v., AUan county. Si/.: 124 m. S.W 
Frankfurt. 

Galena, p. v., Floyd co., Ijid. : on a branch of Indian 
cr, 96 m. ». by E. Indianapolis. 

Galena, p. city, and cap. Jo Daviess co.. III.: on both 
sides of Fever (properly Feve or Bean, or, as some have it, 
l'\\Te, from a settler named Le Fevre) r., 6 m. from tho 
Mississippi r., and 183 m. N. by W. Springfield. It is the 
metr-ipolis of the great lead region of northern Illinois and 
the conmiercial depflt of an extensive and fine country, the 
river being navigable to this point for the largest river 
steamers at all seasons. Its trade extends to all the towns 
on the Mississippi and Ohio rivers. The two parte of the 
city (the most densely populated part being on tlie W. side 
of the river), are connected by bridges; it contains a court- 
house, jail, and other county buildings, several churches 
and schools, and has extensive manufactures, chiefly con- 
sisting of such as are incident to the peculiar business of 
the place. Large quantities of copper are also smelted 
here, and there are numerous flour and saw mills. In 1S51 
it exported 33,032,190 lbs. of lead, valued at $I,417,S51, and 
among its otlier priiicipal exports were flour, 39,335 barrels ; 
barley, 42,731 bushels; pork, 3,1 S5 barrels; lard, 125,000 
pounds; bacon, 312,568 pounds; butter, S7,61S pounds; 
eggs, 22,SS0 dozen; hides and skins, 9,326; horses, SOO; 
cattle, 1,500, etc., etc. It is also a great lumber market — in 
the same year it received 5,0S5,ftS4 feet lumber, 2,470,500 
shingles, and limber and wood of other descriptions. Ga- 
lena has two daily papers, the " North- Western Gazette" 
(whig), and the "G. Jeffersonian" (dem.)— the first named 
has also tri-weekly and weekly issues, and the lattt-r a 
weekly edition. The city was first settled in ^2(5, and was 
then an outpost of the wilderness. 300 m. from the settle- 
ments. In 1S40 it had LB4;5 inhabitants, and in 1S50 its 
population numbered about 6.500, wilh a densely settled 
vicinity. The Galena Br.inch of the Illinois Central R. R. 
passes through the city, and the Galena and Chicago Union 
R. R., gives it access to the lake ports and roads leading 
I eastward. 



GAL 



GAL 



Galena, p. v., Delaware co., Ohio : on Big Walnut cr., 
18 m. N. N. K. Ck)himbu9. 

Gales, p. v., Sullivan county, N. T. : 83 m. S. 8. W. 
Albany, 

GALjaBURGn, p. v., Knox co., lU. : 86 m. N. N. TV. 
Springfield. It is the seat of Knox College, founded in 
l&iiT, and which, in 1S50, had 5 professors, 25 alumni, and 
49 students; and a library of 2,470 Toluraes. The v. con- 
tains sereral stores and about 600 inhabitants, and here are 
published two newspapers, the " G. News Letter" and the 
"North-Western Gazetteer," both weekly issues. The Cen- 
tral Military Track K, R. will here form a junction willi the 
Aurora Extension E. E. ; and the Peoria and Oquaka E. R. 
will intersect the former a little S. of the v.— these, togetlier, 
forming direct communication between Chicago and two 
points on the Mississippi river. 

Galesbuegh, p. v., Kalamazoo co., 3Uc7i. : on the N. side 
of Kalamazoo r., 52 m. 8. W. Lansing. It is a thriving v., 
and has numerous mills and stores. The Michigan Central 
E. E. intersects it 134 m. W. from Detroit. 
Gale's Feeet, p, o.. New London co,, Conn. 
Galesttlle. p. v., Washington co., A^ }'; about a mile 
S. of BattenkUl and 31 m. N. N. E. Albany. 

Galion, p. T., Crawford co,, 0?iio : on the W. branch of 
Whetstone r., 54 m. N. N. E. Columbus. It is a thriving 
viHage and an import^mt railroad station on the Cleveland, 
Columbus, and Cincinnati E. E.,79 m. from Cleveland and 
170 m. from Cincinnati. Here also will be the E. terminus 
of the Eellcfontaine and Indiana E. E. 

Gallaghertille, p. v., Cliester co., Pe7i7K : on the line 
of the Rhiladelphia and Columbia E. E., 72 m. E. by S. 
from Ilarrisburg. 

Gallatta, p. v., Gallatin county, lU. : 162 m. S. S. E. 
Springfield. 

Gallatin county, III. Situate S. E., and contains 324 
sq. m. Drained by Valine cr. and its tributaries. The Wa- 
bash and Ohio rivers bound it on the E., and above the 
mouth of the first mentioned there is a large island formed 
by the bifurcation of the stream. Surface undulating and 
chiefly prairie, with some swamps in the eastern section ; 
soil chiefly sandy, resting on slate: and there are severa! 
salt springs. Farms 570 ; manuf. 17 ; dwell. 1,000, and pop. 
— wh. 5,109, fr. col. 839— total 5,44S. Cajntal : Equality. 
PuMic Works: Alton and Nashville R. R. (projected). 

Gallatin county, Ey. Situate N. middle, and contains 
152 sq. m. The Ohio r. makes its N. boundary, and Big 
Bone Lick on the N. E., and Eagle r., a branch of Ken- 
tucky r., on the S. W., its boundaries in these directions. 
Surface undulating, and on the Ohio hilly; soils, fertile, 
producing good crops of the grains and tobacco. In every 
part of county fine timber is plentiful. Farms 414; manuf. 
11 ; dwell, 747, and pop.— wh. 4,309, fr. col. 34, si. 704— total 
5,13T. €apit.al: Warsaw, 

Gallatin, p. v., Parke co., Ind. : on the S. side of Big 
Pidgeon cr., 56 m. W, 8. W. Indianapolis, It has numer- 
ous mills, and both up and down the stream mills of all 
descriptions are in full operation. 

Gallatin, p. v., and cap. Copiah co., Miss. : on the right 
side of Bayou Pierre r., 84 m. S. 8. W. Jackson. It has a 
court-house, etc., and about 400 inhabitants; and here is 
published the " G. Argus," a weekly newspaper. The 
country around is noted as a fine cotton growing region, 

Gallatin, p. v., and cap. Daviess co.. Mo.: on the W. 
side of and 1 m. from the W. fork of Grand r. of the Mis- 
souri, 187 m. N. W, Jefferson City. It has a court-house, 
etc., and about 300 inhabitants. 

Gallatin, p. v., and cap, Sumner co,, Tenn. : about 3 m. 
N. of Cumberland r,, 23 m. N. E. Nashville. It contains a 
court-house, etc., several churches, academies, and semin- 
aries, and about 1,200 inhabitants. A newspaper, the 
" Tenth Legion" (dem.), is issued weekly. 

Gallatin river, K W. Ter. : one of the head streams of 
the Missouri r., rising from the E. slope of the EocUy 



Mountains, near the sources of Yellow r. Its course is N., 
and uniting with Madison and Jeflbrson rivers, it constitutes 
the Missouri. 

Gallatinville, p. v., Columbia co., K K ; 42 m. S. by E. 
Albany. The t. of Gallatin is drained by Jansen's cr., is 
somewhat hilly, and has a soil of ordinary fertilitv; its pop. 
in 1S50 was 1,586. 

Galua county, Ohio. Situate S,, and contains 520 sq. m. 
Drained by Raccoon cr. and several smaller tribut^vries of 
the Ohio, which river washes its E. border. Surface gener- 
ally hilly and broken, and the soil, excepting that of the 
Ohio bottoms, of inferior quality. The county was settled 
in 1790 by Frenchmen, and hence its name. Farms 1.190; 
manuf, 9 ; dwell. 2.975, and pop.— wh. 15,305, fr. col. 1,19S— 
total 17,063. Capital: Gallipolis. 

Gaiua Fuenace, p. o., Gallia co., Ohio : 79 m. S. 8. E. 
Columbus. 

Gallilee, p, 0., Wayne co., Penn.: 122 m. N. E. Ilar- 
risburg. Originally a Moravian settlement, 

Gallipolis, p. v., and cap. Gallia co., Ohio: on the right 
bank of Ohio r., 88 m. 8. 8. E. Columbus. The v. is pleas- 
antly situate on a high bank, 10 or 12 feet above the great- 
est floods ; it contains a court-house, jail, 4 churches, mills 
and factories, numerous mechanic shops and stores; and 
among its dwellings are many handsome brick buildings. 
It has considerable river trade, and is a forwarding point 
for a great deal of produce. Its pop. in 1S50 was 1,686. 
Two newspapers arc published here, the "G. JoumaP* 
(whig), and the ''Gallia Courier" (neutral), both weekly 
issues. The v. dales from 1810: the t. was settled in 1791 
by Frenchmen, many of whose descendants still reside 
here. Pop. oft. 2,226. 

Galloway, p. v., La Salle co., III. : on the S. W. side of 
Vermillion r. of the Illinois, 100 m. N. N. W. Springfield. 

Gallfpville. p, v., Schoharie co., K Y.: on a branch 
of Schoharie cr., 22 m. W, Albany. 

Gally Ceeek, p. o., Pope co.. Ark.: 76 m. W. N, W. 
Little Eock. 

Galum, p. 0., Perry co., III. : on a cr. so called, 114 m, S. 
Springfield. 

Galveston county, T(^, Situate 8. E., and contains 620 
sq. m. This county consists of two portions— mainland and 
insular. The mainland portion lies on the W. sideofGalves- 
toji Bay, and is drained by Clear, Dickinson's, Higbhind, 
and other creeks running into it. The island of Galveston is 
36 m. long and about 2 m. wide, and lies opposite the main, 
from which it is separated by West Bay. No portion of 
the surface is more than 20 feet above the level of the Gulf 
of Mexico, and with tlje exception of several small groves 
of live oak, the whole is open prairie; soils a black mold, 
resting on a layer of sand and comminuted shells, indicat- 
ing the county to have been at no distant period the bed of 
the waters of the gulf. Farms 33; manuf. 33; dwell 727, 
and pop.— wh. 3,7S5, fr. col. 80, si. 714— total 4.529. Cap- 
ital: Galveston. Puhllc Works: Several railroads are 
projected which will make Galveston their seaward ter- 
minus. 

Galteston, p. city, port of entr>',and cap. Galveston co., 
T«r. : near the E. end of Galveston Island, 200 m. E. 8. E. 
Austin City. Lat. 29^ IG' 37" N., and 94° 49' 41" W. It is 
the commercial emporium of Texas, and has the best and 
least difficult harbor on the whole coast. The clearances 
for foreign ports in 1S50 were 9 vessels (2.924 tons), and the 
entrances, 10 vessels (2,9S7 tons). The tonnage of the dis- 
trict was 3,309 tons, of which 416 tons were registered, and 
874 tons sailed by steam-power. The great bulk of its com- 
merce is coastwise with New Orleans and New York, and 
the former port is connected with it by regular steamship 
lines. Eailroads are now being built into the N. and N.W. 
interior, which will open up the country to settlement and a 
market The city contains the court-house, a jail, and other 
CO. buildings, several handsome churches, and many of tho 
dwellings are elegant structures. It has numerous waro 



GAL 



GAR 



houses, wholesalo and retail stores, and hotels; and here 
are publiehcd four newspapers, the " G, News" (neutral), 
and the ''Civilian and Gazette'' (dem.), tri-weekly issues; 
the " G. Journal'' (whig), a semi-weekly ; and the *' G. Zei- 
tung" (dem.), a weekly German paper. Galveston Island, 
on which the city stands, is about 36 m. long, with an av- 
erage width of 2 m. The soil is good, being a black mold, 
about a foot deep, resting on sand and shells, and it has 
several ponds of good water. The air is cool and refresh- 
ing, and hence it has become a summer resort for invalids. 
Immense beds of oysters are found near its W. shore, and 
large quantities of fish are caught on all sides; wild geese, 
teal, brant, and other birds flock here to winter. This island 
was formerly a resort for pirates : the celebrated Lafitte had 
a fort here, the ruins nf wliich are slill seen about 3 m. from 
its E. extremity on the W. shore. It is now in a state of ex- 
cellent cultivation, and the resi<lence of many wealthy farm- 
ers. The population ofthe city is now about 8,000. 

Galwat, t. and p. o., Saratoga cc, N. Y. : 29 m. N. "W. 
All>any. Drained by creeks flowing to the Mohawk and the 
Hudson. Surface undulating — in parts hilly; soil clayey 
loam, and well cultivated. The v. is a small central settle- 
ment. The t. has numerous manufacturing establishments, 
lulling mills, woolen factories, tanneries, and grist and saw 
mills; also several stores. Pop. 2,15S. 

Gambiek, p. v., Knox co., Ohio : on the IS. side of Vernon 
r.. 42 m. N. E. Columbus. It is situate on a high and level 
ridge, encompassed on three sides by the river. It was laid 
out in ls26 in the centre of a tract of 4.000 acres belonging 
to Kenyou College, and was named alter Lord Gambier, a 
prominent patron of that institution. It is now a flourishing, 
v., but still derives its importance from the College. The 
buildings of Kenyon College are four in number, the prin- 
cipal building being an elegant Gothic edifice, of hewn 
stone, 190 feet long and four stories high. It was founded 
in IS'26. by funds obtained in England, and is under the 
direction of the Episcopalians. In IS50 it had a president 
and five professors, 60 alumni, aud 50 students, and its 
library contained 7,000 volumes. The theological depart- 
ment was founded in 1S2S, and has four professors and a 
library of 4,S00 volumes. Here are published the " Western 
Episcopalian," a monthly religious periodical ; the " Phys- 
ico-MedJcal Journal," a semi-monthly, and the *• Universalist 
Advocate," also a semi-monthly. The population of the v. 
numbers between 400 and 500 souls. 

Gamble, p. o., Jefferson co., G(t. : 63 m. E. Milledgeville. 

Gamble's, p. c, Alleghany county, Penn.: 15S m, "W. 
Harrisburg. 

Ganges, p. o., Richland county, Ohio: on the S. side of 
Black Fork of Walhonding r., 74 m. N. N. E. Columbus. 

Ganseyookt, p. v., Saratoga county, N. Y. : 36 m. N. byE. 
Albany. It is a station on the Saratoga and Washington 
E.R. 

Gap, p. 0., Walker county, Ala. : 135 m. N. N. W. 
Montgomery. 

Gap, p. 0., Lancaster co., Paui. : at tiie E. fork of Mine 
Eidge, 51 m. E. S. E. Harrisburg. 

Gap Chtl, p. o., Ashe co., N. Car.: 132 m. W. by S. 
Ealeigh. 

Gap Cbeee, p. o., Knox co., Temi. : 168 m. E. Nashville. 

Gap Geote, p. o., Jo Daviess co., ///. ; 156 m. N. by W. 
Springfield. 

Gap Mills, p. c, Baltimore co,, JM. 

Gap Mills, p. o., Monroe co., H;*^. ; 1S7 m.W. Richmond. 

Garden Geove, p. o., Decatur co., la. : 126 m, W. 8. W. 
Iowa City. 

Garden Plais, p. o.,Whitesides co., UL : 14-3 m. N. by W. 
Springfield. 

Gardiner, t. and p. v., Kennebec co., Ms. : on the W. 
side of Kennebec r., 12 m. S. by E. Augusta. The Cobbes- 
fiecontee waters here enters the Kennebec and produces a 
water-power of great usefulness and extent. The mills 
here in ooeration are numerous, and supply immense 



quantities of sawn lumber for export. The villnge lies ou 
the Kennebec, the site rising gently from the river, on the 
edge of which is the business portion. The '* Kennebec 
Transcript" is published semi-weekly. In the v. arc nu- 
merous well-built dwellings, a lyceum, several ohurchos, 
with stores, mechanic shops, etc. Large vessels come up 
to this point to load, and steamboats, plying on the river, 
call regularly. The Kennebec and Portland K. 11. passes 
through, touching the v. 7 m. from Augusta, and 53 trom 
Portland. Pop. in 1S40, 5.042; in 1S50, 6,4-86. 

Gardiner's bay, Ji. Y. : at the E. end of Long Island. It 
is a considerable body of water, of a somewhat circular 
shape, 8 m. in mean diameter, situate between the main- 
land and Gardiner's Island. 

Gardiner's island, Suffolk co., K. Y. : off" the E. end of 
Long Island, from which it is distant some 8 or 4 m. It is 
about 6 m. long, and averages 2 m. wide, forming the E. 
boundary of Gardiner's Bay. Gardiner's Point is a long 
neck of land, projecting N. This island was settled in 1639 
by Lyon Gardiner, a Scotchman ; his descendants st'Ul own 
and occupy it. 

Gardjier, t. and p. v., Worcester county, Mass.: 50 m. 
W. N. W. Boston. Drained by branches of Miller's river, 
which affVird water-power. Surface uneven : soil of average 
quality. The v. is on the Vermont and Massachusetts R. R. 
There are considerable manufactures in the town. Popu- 
lation 1,422. 

Gardner, p. v., Morgan county, Ohio : G7 m. E. S. E. 
Columbus. 

Gardner's Bridge, p. o., Martin county, 2i\ Car. : 02 m. 
E. S. E. Raleigh. 

Gardner's Mills, p. o., St. Clair county, Mo.: 97 ra. 
W. S. W. JeffVTson City. 

Gaedner-sville, p. v., Schoharie co., iV". Y. : on Cobblo- 
skill or., 44 m. W. Albany. 

Garf.y'r Ferry, p. o., Duvall co., I'lor. : 126 m. E. by S. 
Tallahassee. 

Garland, t and p. v., Penobscot co., Me. : 63 m. N. N. E. 
Augusta. Drained by the head branches of Kenduskeag r. 
Surface varied; soil fertile, and adapted to graiu. The v. 
lies in the centre. Pop. of 1. 1,200. 

Garland's, p. o., Albemarle co., Virff. : 72 m. W. X. W. 
Richmond. 

Garlan-dville. p. v., Jasper co., Mi^s. : at the head of 
Tallahala cr., 61 m. E. by S. Jackson. 

Garmon'6 Mills, p. o., Cabarras co., A' Car.: 104 m. 
W. S. W. Raleigh. 

Garner's Ford, p. c, Cleveland co., N. Car. : 159 m. 
W. S. W. Ealeigh. 

Garnetsville, p. v., Mead co., Kt/. : on the S. bank of 
the Ohio r., 67 m. W. by S. Frankfort. 

Garooa, p. v., Fulton co., A^. Y. : on Caroga cr. of M<>- 
hawk r., 46 ra. W. N. W. Albany. 

Garrard county, A';/. Situate centrally, and contains 312 
sq. m. Drained by Paint Lick, Back, and Sugar creeks, and 
Dick's r., all aflluejits of Kentucky r., which makes its N. 
boundary. Snrfaee varied ; soil very fertile. The principal 
prnductions are corn and tobacco. Farms 666; manuf. 21; 
dwell. 1,285. and pop.— wh. 7,036, fr. cot. 25, si. 3,i:6— total 
10.237. Ca/);^a^ .' Lancaster. Public Ilb/'A-*; Lexington 
and Huntsviile R. E. 

Garrattsville, p. v.. Otsego co., 2i^. Y : on a branch 
of TTnadilla r., 72 m. W. Albany. 

Garrettsbuegh, p. v., Christian co., Kt/. : ISO m.W. S. W. 
Frankfort 

Garrettstille, p. T., Portage co., Ohio : 132 m. N. K. 
Columbus. 

Garrettsttlle. p. v., Lycoming county, Ptmn.: S3 m. 
N. N. W. Harrisburg. 

Garrison's, p. o., Putnam county, JV"! Y.: on the hno of 
the Uudson River R. R., 82 m. S. Albany. 

Garrison viLLE, p. v., Stafford county, Virg.: 59 m. N. 
Eiclimond. 

289 



GAR 



GEN 



Garky Owen, p. o., Jackson county, la.: 60 m. N. E. 
Iowa City. 

Garysbitroh, p. v., Northampton co., K. Car.: at the 
junction of the IV-tershurg R. K., and the Seaboard and 
Roanoke E. K., 74ni.N. E. Kaieiffh. 

Gaktsville, p. v., Prince George co., Ylrg.: on a cr. of 
James r., 37 ra. S. E. Richmond. 

Gasconade county, Mo. Bituate E. of centre, and con- 
tains 539 sq. m. Drained by Eourbeuse cr. <if the Missis- 
eippi r. and Gasconade r,, an aflluent of the Missouri r., 
which forms its N. line. Surface much broken, and soil, 
espceially on the rivers, very fertile. It abounds in mineral 
wealth, iron ore, saltpetre and sulphur being everywhere 
found, and limestone plenty. Corn is tlie agricultural 
staple. Farms 553 ; manuf, 16 ; dwell, 050, and pop. — wh. 
4,884, fr. col. 0, si. 112— total 4,996. Co/j/fa;; Hermann. Puh- 
Uc Works : Pacific R. R. 

Gasconade river, Mo. : rises in the 9. parts of Texas and 
Wright counties by numerous head branches from the 
watershed dividing the streams flowing B. to White r., and 
those flowing N. to Missouri r. Its principal constituents 
ari; Piney, Robideaux, and Osage forks, all of which rise 
from the same highland. The length of the rivi-r is about 
14t) m., through all which it affords immense water-power* 
and passes through a rich mineral country to the Missouri, 
which it enters about 100 m. from its mouth. 

Gas Factoet, p. o., Lincoln co., Tenn. : 69 m. S. by E. 
Nashville. 

Gabton county, 2T. Car. Situate S., and contains SOS 
eq. m. Drained by numerous affluents of the Catawba r., 
which forms its E. boundary. Surface moderately uneven ; 
soil good. Cotton is the staple, though oonsideraWe wheat 
is grown. Farms 724 ; manuf. 10 ; dwell. 1.0T2, and pop. — 
wh. 5,928, fr. col. 33, si. 2,112— total 8,073. Capital : Dallas. 
PuWeKorks: Charlotte and South Carolina R. R. 

Gaston, p. v., Sumter co., Ala. : on Kintabish cr. of Tom- 
bigbee r., 110 m. W. Montgomery. 

Gaston, p. v., Northampton co., iV. Car. : on the N. aide 
of Roanoke r., 66 m. N. E. Raleigh. The Greenville and 
Roanoke R. R., and the Gaston and Raleigh R. E. connect 
at this point. 

Gaston, p. v., Atchison county, Mo. : 218 m. N. W. 
Jefferson City. 

Gates county, K. Car. Situate N. E., and contains 813 
eq. m. Drained by Cole's and other creeks, affluents of 
Chowan r., its W. boundary. Siu-face level, and soil pro- 
ductive and well-wooded. Cotton, com, and potatoes are 
the leading products. Farms 490 ; manuf. 22 ; dwell. 8S0, 
and pop.—wh. 4,153, fr. col. 397, si. S,S71— total 8,426. Cai> 
Hal: Gatesville. 

Gates, t. and p. o., Monroe co., K Y. : 196 ra. W. N. W. 
Albany. The Genesee r. makes its E. border. Surface un- 
dulating ; soil gravelly, sandy, and clayey lonm. It is a flue 
farming district, and has several manufactures, mills, etc. 
The t. is traversed by the railroads and canals leaving 
Rochester westward. Pop 2,005. 

Gates, p. o., Newton co.. Mo. .* on the S. line of the co., 
17S m. S. W. Jefferson City. 

Gate's Mills, p. v., Cuyahoga county, 0?iio: on Chagrin 
river, 133 m. N. N. E. Columbus. 

Gatesville, p. v., and cap. Gates co., y. Car.: on Ben- 
nett's cr. of Chowan r., 1 13 m. N. E. Raleigh. It contains a 
court-house, several mechanic shops, and about 150 inhab- 
itants. 

Gai'Let Bridge, p. v., Fayette co., Virg.: at the falls 
of Great Kanawha r., near the mouth of Gauley r., 213 m. 
W. N. W. Richmond. The river is here 500 feet wide, and 
has a perpendicular fall of 22 feet. Navigation here ceases. 
The V. has several flour and saw mills, stores, etc., and about 
800 inhabitants. 

Gaulev river, Ylrg.: a tributary of Great Kanawha r. 
It rises from the Greenbrier Mountains, in Pocahontas co., 
&nd flows W. into Nicholas co., where it empties into the 
240 



Great Kanawha, a little abovt the falls. Its course is 
through a rich agricultural region. 

Gavers, p. 0., Columbiana co., Ohio. 

Gavhead, p. o., Greene co., N. Y. : 86 m. S.W. Albany. 

Gat niLL, p. 0., Washington county, Tea^ : 6S m. E. 
Austin City. 

Gaylersville, p. v., Cherokee co., Ala.: on a branch 
of Little Will's creek, of Coosa river, 136 m. N. N. E. 
Monlgomerj-. 

Gavlord's Bridge, p. v., Litchfield co., Conn.: on the 
Ilousatonic r. and R. R., 44 m. W. by 9. Hartford, and 42 
m. fVom Bridgeport. 

Gaysville. p. v., Windsor co., Yerm.: on White r., 34 
m. S. by W. Monlpelier. 

Gearsville, p. v., White county, Tenn. : S2 m. E. S. E. 
Nashville. 

Geacga county, Ohio. Situate N. E., and contiins 594 
sq. m. Drained by the heads of Cuyahoga and Chagrin 
rivers, which empty through Lake county into Lake Erie. 
Surface diversified ; soils of good fertility, and timber 
abundant. Iron ore of a fine quality is found in this part 
of the State. Farms 1,006 ; manuf. 36; dwell. 3.240, and 
pop.— wh. 17,S27, fr. col. 0— tot-il 17,827. Copiial : Chardon. 

Gerhart's, p. o., Somerset county, Penn.: 117 m. W 
Ilarrisburg. 

Geddes. p. v., Onondaga co., N. Y. : at the S. W. end of 
Onondaga Lake, immediately AV. of Syracuse. The v. is 
chiefly engaged in the manufacture of salt, of which, for tho 
year ending 31st Dec., 1850, 259,448 bushels were produced, 
viz., 26,713 bushels coarse, and 232,710 bushels fine salt* 
Tho Syracuse and Oswego R. E., and the Syracuse and 
Rochester R. R. pass through the village. Pop. about 800, 

Geiger'b Mills, p. o., Berks county, Penn. : 62 m. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Genegantslet, P.O., Chenango county. A' Y: 105 m. 
W. S. W. Albany. 

General Wayne, p. o., Montgomery co., Penn. 

Genesee county, Mich. Situate centrally, and contains 
720 sq. m. Drained by numerous branches of Flint r., which 
runs through the middle, and emptio* through Saginaw r. 
and bay into Lake Huron. Surface roiling; soil well adap- 
ted for grain and grass. On Flint r. very fine pine timber 
is abundant, and the county is well furnished with waters- 
power. rarms_l,255; manuf. 83; dwell. 2,257. and pop.— 
wh. 12.003 fr. col. 28— total 12.031. Capital: Flint. 

Genesee county, K Y. Situate W., and contains 473 
sq. m. The surface level or gently undulating, and the soils 
chiefly sandy or gravelly loam, very fi,Ttile, and adapted 
equally to grass and to grain. Drained by Allen's, Black, 
and Tonawanda creeks. Iron ore, water-lime, and salt 
springs are found. Farms 2.574 : manuf. 199 ; dwell. 5,014^ 
and pop.— wh. 28,416, fr. col. 72— total 28,488. CapiUil: 
Batavia. Puhlic Works : Buffalo and Rochester R. R. ; 
Canandaigua and Niagara Falls R. R. ; Buffalo and New 
York City R. R. ; Buffalo and New York R. R.; Batavi.a 
and Attica Bnanch R. R. 

G KNESEE. f. and p. v., Genesee co., Mich. : 52 m. E. N. E. 
Lansing. Drained by Flint r. The v. is the seat of a U.S. 
land office. Pop. of t. 1,076. 

Genesee, t. and p. v., Waukesha co., Wise. : 57 m. E. by S. 
Lansing. Drained by affluents of Milwaukie r. The Mil- 
waukie and Mississippi R. R. passes through the town 23 
m. W. from Milwaukie. Pop. 1,290. 

Genesee Fork, p. 0., Potter co., Penn.: 133 m. N. N.W. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Genesee Grote, p. o., Whitcsidcs co., III.: 143 m. N. 
Springfield. 

Genesee river, K. Y. : an aflluent of Lake Ontario. It 
rises in Potter co.. Penn., and passing into the State of New 
York, pursues a northeriy course to the lake. lis length is 
145 m., of which 125 ra. are in New York. At Rochester, 
within a distance of 3 m., it descends by several falls and 
rapids 326 feet, affording an immense water-power. It is 



GEX 



GEO 



navignble 4 m. to Cartilage, anJ above Ihe falla is bou(al)lc 
fur 2t) ni. or more. The Genesee A'alley Canal follows llie 
course of this river, and is fed by it for a i^rcat distance. A 
railroad is also being constructed to follow in the same gen- 
eral direction, and Ihe valley is crossed at four points by 
railroads traversing in an east and west direction. In the 
t. of Portage, Alleghany co., arc three falls, one of CO, one 
ufOO, and one of 110 feet, within a space of two miles, and 
along the ri\cr. for three miles, are pcrpcn'Jicular walls of 
Btone. 400 feet high, to which depth it has worn a channel iu 
the solid rook. At this point it is crossed by one of iho most 
Bplemlid vJadurta in the Union, over which is carried the 
Buffalo an.I New York Cily K. K. The Yalley of the Gen- 
esee is the (inest wheat country in the States, and is now 
thickly settled and in a high state of cultivation. 

Gknfsko, pv., and cap. Henry co.. Ill,: on a cr. of Green 
r, 11G ni. N. N.^V. Springfield. It has a court-house, etc., and 
about 201) inhabitants. The Chicago and JRock Island li. K. 
will pass through this village. 

Genkseo, L, p. v., and cap. Linngston co., y. T. : 202 m. 
W. Albany. Situate between Genesee r. and Couesus Lake, 
and drained by creeks flowing into them. Siu-face terraced 
and furrowed tiy valleys ; soil rich and fertde. The village, 
on an elevated table, about 1 m. E. of Genesee r.. is well 
built, and h;i3 considerable trade. It contains a court-house, 
jail, etc., an academy (formerly Livingston County High 
gcliool). numerous mechanic shops and stores, and about 
l.TW inhabitants. The academy is a large three-stt>ry brick 
building. In this t. are situate the VTadsworth Farms, lo- 
cated on the broad alluvial flats of the Genesee, and noted 
for their fertility and superior cultivation. Two newsjtapers, 
the *• Livingston Kepublican'' (whig), and the '" Livingston 
Union" (whig), are issued weekly. Pop. of t. 2,95S. 

Genev,\, p. v., Coffee county, Aht. : on Pear., near its 
confluence with the Choctawhatchie river, 96 m. S. S. E. 
Montgomery. 

Geneva, p. v., Ontario co., 2v^. T. : on the N. W, comer 
of Seneca Lake, 159 m. W. by N. Albany. It is one of the 
most beautiful villages of the State. The principal street 
runs parallel with the lake shore at an elevation of 100 
feet, and from many of its residences terraced gardens ex- 
tend to the banks of the lake. It has some manufactures, 
but is chiefly known as the seat of Geneva College and its 
Medical School. The College was founded in 1323, and had 
in IS-W 5 professors, 131 alumni, and 42 students, with a 
library of r>,400 volumes. The Medical Institute, a <Iepart- 
ment of tlie College, was founded iu 1SS5. and had 6 i)rL)- 
fessors, JN graduates, and 60 students. Besides the College 
libraries, there are two others in the village witli cabinets 
of minerals, and ample supplies of philosophical apparatus. 
Three newspapers are published, viz., the " G. Courier" 
(whig), the " G. Gazette'' (dem.), and Ihe "■Western AUas" 
(dem.), all weekly issues. Pop. about 4.500. 

Geneva, t. and p. v., Ashtabula co., Ohio: 163 m. N. E. 
Cohnnlnia. Drained by creeks of Lake Erie, wliieh makes 
its N. boundary. Surface level ; soil rich and deep. The v. 
lies on the line of the Cleveland, Painesville, and Ashtabula 
K. i:., 54 m. from Cleveland. Pop. of t. 1,35S. 

GnxEVA, t. and p. o., "Walworth co., H7.sy'. ; .5S m. S. E. 
Madison. Drained by creeks of Fox r. and by Duck Lake. 
The V. is located at the outlet of Geneva Lake, and has sev- 
eral mills, etc. Pop. oft. 1,533. 

Geneva, p. v., Kane co., HI : on the W. side of Fox r. 
of the Illinois, 157 m. N. E. by N. Springfield. It is a new 
and rapidly-improving v., and a point of commercial im- 
portance, being the terminus of a branch of the Galena and 
Chicago Union E. E., 40 m. from Chicago. A newspaper, 
the ""Wcatem Mercury,*' is issued weekly. 

Geneva Bay, p. o., Walworth co.. Wise. : on a bay on the 
N. W. side of Geneva Lake, 5G m. S. E. Madison. 

Genoa, p. o., De Kalb co., IU. : on Sycamore r., 164 m. 
K. X. !•:. Springfield. 
Genoa, t. and p. o., Linngston co., Mich. : 40 m. E. S. E. 

G2 



Lansing. Drained by lakes and streams emptying into 
Huron river. Pop. of t.T54. 

Genoa, p. v., Christian county, Ky.; 172 m. W. S. W 
Frankfort. 

Gknoa. p. v., "Walworth co., ITwc. ; 5S m. S. E.Madison. 

Genoa, t. and p. v., Cayuga co.^N.Y.: 143 m.W. Albany. 
Drained by Big Salmon cr. and its branches, and bounded 
W. by Cayuga Lake. The v. has several manufactures, etc., 
and aboui250 inhabitants. Pop. oft. 2,5J3, 

Genoa Cross Koaus, p. o., Delaware co., Ohio: 1" m. 
N. by E. Columbus. 

Gentry county. Mo. Situate N. "W., and contains 797 
sq. m. Drained l.iy Little Platte r., West Fork of Grand r., 
and Ilieir branches. Sujface diversified; soil of average 
fertilily, well covereil with timber, and well watered. Farms 
444 ; manuf. ; dwell. 70S, and pop. — wh. 4,195, fr. col. 3, si. 
50— total 4.24S. Capital: Athens. 

Gestky Court-uuuse, p. o.. Gentry co.. Mo. : on the E. 
side of the E. fork of Grand r., above the confluence ofScalp 
cr., 170 m. N. W. Jefferson City. 

Gkntuvville, p. v., Spencer county, Ind. : 132ra.S.S.W, 
Indianapolis. 

Gentrvvillf. p. v.. Gentry co., Mo.: on the E. side of 
the ]■:. fork of Grand r., 160 m. N. W. Jefferson City. 

Gentsville, p. v., Abbeville dist., X Car. : 93 m.W. by N. 
Columbia. 

Gentsville, p. v., Walton co., Floi'. : on a branch of 
Choctawatcliie r., 100 m. W. N. W. Tallahassee. 

George lake, N. Y.: called, also. Lake Horicon. It lies 
chiefiy belween Warren and Washington counties, and is 
1-levatc-d 243 feet above the level of Hudson river. Length 
36 m. ; breadlli, fnim 2 to 3 m., and surrounded by lofty 
and picturesque lulls. Its eurftice enbosnms as many islets 
as there arc days in tlie year — some of considerable size, and 
cultivated, diamond Island is celebrated for its beautiful 
quartz crystals. A number of ruined forts are found on the 
shores of the lake, which to the tourist recall recollections 
of troublous times. The bod of the lake is yellow sand, and 
the water is so pure and transparent that the bottom may bo 
seen at the depth of thirty or forty feet, and myriads of fish 
sporting in the limpid element. The French call it Liia 
Sacrament, on account of the purity of its waters. Salmon- 
trout, pike, pickerel, perch, silver and brook trout, etc.. are 
taken in abundance. The lake has its outlet into Lako 
Champlain at Ticonderoga. A tourist, whose a<lmiration of 
the scenery in the vicinity of Lake George is apparent, 
makes the following note of his impressions: "Time wouM 
fail us to enumerati- the points of attraction on the way. The 
remains of Fort George and Fort William Henry at tlio 
head of the lake, mast not be passed without a visit; nei- 
llier must you leave the Lake House, till in the quiet hour 
of twilight, the old rusty gun has been fired, and you have 
heard the echo which is sent back from one mountain-lop 
to another, till liie sound seems to have died away.and then 
have it revive and reverberate again, as though another 
explosion had suddenly taken place. Every foot of tho 
ground along the shore, and even the water itself, possesses 
vast interest. The bed of the lake is a handsome, yellow- 
ish sand, and the water is so pure and transparent as to 
render the bottom visible from thirty to forty feet. Here 
the delicious salmon-trout, that weigh from twelve to twen- 
ty pounds, are seen in their folicksome mood, sporting with 
each other, and inviting the bait of the angler." Tlie Lake 
House is a noted trarder^s rest in the village of Caldwell, 
a pleasant place situate at the base of the lake. Tourists 
reach this from Albany via raihroad to Fort Edward, and 
thence by an excellent road through Glens Falls Village, 
etc. During tlie summer season a steamboat carries travel- 
ers from Caldwell to the head of the lake, where st:iges aro 
in readiness to proceed on to the steamboat landing at 
Ticonderoga. on Lake Champlain. 

Georoe's Creek, p. o., Massac co.. TU. : on a branch of 
Great Bav cr. so called, 176 m. S. S. E.Springfield. 

241 



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GEO 



Geobge'9 Creek, p. o., Lawrence co., Ky.: 128 m. E. 
Frank-fort. 
George's Mills, p. o., Sullivan co., if. JTamp. 
George's Store, p. o., Lincoln co., Tenn.: 73 m. S.byE. 
KoshviUe. 

Georgestille, p. v., Franklin co., Oldo: on the E. side 
of Little Darby cr., 13 m. S. W. Columbus. 

GEoitGETowN district, S. Car, Situate E., and contains 
6S3 sq. m. Drained by Santee r., its S. boundary, Black, 
Great Pedec, and Waccamaw rivers — the hist two emptying 
into Winyaw Bay, T\hich lies wholly within it. Surface 
low and level. Though marshy in parts, it is very fertile. 
Eice is the great staple. Corn, potatoes, and cotton are 
grown largely. Farms 550 ; manvf. 6 ; dwell. 575, and pop. 
-wh. 2,193, fr. co!. 201, si. 18,253~total 20,G4T. Capital: 
Georgetown. 

Georgetown, p. v., and cap. Sussex co., DfL: at the 
sources of Nanticoko and Indian rivers, 34 m. S. by K. 
Dover. It contain^ a court-house, jail, etc., and about 4i)0 
inhabitants. 

Georgetown, p. v., and cap. Williamson co., 7^. ; on 
the S. fork of San Gabriel r., 32 m. N. Austin City. 

GEORGETowTf, p. V., Fairfield co., Conn. : on the Dan- 
burj- and Norwalk E. R., 50 m. S. "W. Uartford, 

Georgetown, p. city and port of entry, "Washington Co., 
D. C: a suburb ofWashington, it is divided from that city 
by Kock cr. It is beautifully located on a range of hills 
rising above the Potomac, and stretching in undulating 
beauty along its borders. The heights of Georgetown are 
loft}' eminences, overlooking the city from the N. and W. 
Along these are many splendid villas and extensive gar- 
dens in the highest state of cultivation. Below reposes tlie 
city, and as far as the eye can reach, the silvery Potomac 
courses through a scene of exquisite beauty. The city pre- 
sents many objects of attraction: its ancient college, a cath- 
olic institution; its nunnerj'; itsvarious literary institutions; 
its splendid aqueduct, and other noted edifices, are worthy 
of attention. The college is situate on the N. bank of tlic 
Potomac — it was originally an academy, founded in 17S1) 
by the first Catholic bishop of the United States, and in 
1799 it was chartered as a college. In 1S15 Congress raised 
it to the dignity of a university, and in 1S51 a medical de- 
partment was opened at Washington. The college build- 
ings are spacious, and contain a fine library of 25,000 vol- 
umes, an extensive philosophical apparatus, and a museum 
of natural history. The curriculum of studies occupies 
seven years. The nunnery, or Convent of the Visitation, is 
situate on the heights, contiguous to the E. margin of the 
river. The building appropriated for the ladies' academy 
is of brick, between 200 and 300 feet long, and 40 feet in 
breadth. These buildings occupy part of the side of an 
oblong square of five acres, a portion of which is laid out 
as a botanic garden. There are other edifices on the square, 
as tlie bishop's residence, an elegant chapel, the convent, 
and charity schools. The whole is under the direction of 
the Sisters of the Visitation. The aqueduct which conveys 
the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal over the Potomac, is a 
stupendous work ; the piers, nine in number, and 36 feet 
above high water, arc of granite, and embedded 17 feet in the 
bottom of the river upon solid rock— its length is 1,446 feet, 
and the cost of construction was $2,000,000. This aqueduct 
carries the canal to Alexandria. Oak Hill Cemetery, on the 
heights, is also worthy of note ; it was laid out in 1849 at the 
expense of W. W. Corcoran, Esq., the eminent banker, and 
Is surrounded by a massive iron railing, wiih a gate-keep- 
er's lodge in the Norman style, and an elegant Gothic 
chapel. Georgetown was formerly a port of some note, and 
had considerable trade, and is even now a thriving and 
busy place. It is connected by canal and railroad with all 
parts of the Union. Of late years many improvements 
have been made in its streets, and many new buildings 
have been erected. The city is also engaged in manu- 
factures; in 1S50 it had 59 establishments in operation, 
U2 



among which was a rolling miil, a cotton factor)-, and nu- 
merous flouring mills. Two newspapers arc published 
here, the ''G. Advocate," tri-weekly, an<i the "Potomac 
Advocate," weekly. Its foreign commerce in 1S49-50 em- 
ployed 8,134 tons of shipping, viz.: clearances, 10 vessels 
(1.720 tons), and entrances, 9 vessels (1,414 tons). The ship- 
ping owned in the district amounted to 17,010 tons, of 
which 2,796 was registered tonnage, 12,763 enrolled and 
licensed tonnage, and 1,451 licensed. The steam shipping 
amounted to 1,949 tons; and 8 vessels (2SS tons) were built 
during the year. The general statistics of the city are 
as follows: dwellings 1,174, families 1,215, and population 
S,36G, of which 6,0S1 were white persons, 1,560 free persons 
of color, and 725 slaves. The population in ISIO was 4.98S; 
in 1820, 7,360; in 1S30, S,441; in 1&40, 7,812 ; and in 1S50, 
8,366. 

Georgetown, p. v., Randolph co., Gn. : on the E. bank 
of Chattahoochee r., opposite the mouth of Eufaula cr., 139 
m. S. W. Montgomery. It is a flourishing v., and has con- 
siderable river trade. Pop. 600. 

Georgetow'N, p. v., and cap. Scott co., Ky. : on the N. 
branch of Elkhorn cr. of Kentucky r., 13 m. E. by N. 
Frankfort. It contains the court-house, etc., and is the 
seat of Georgetown College, founded in 1830, and under 
the direction of the Baptists. In 1S50 it had 7 professors, 
SO alumni, and 66 students; and a library of 65U volumes. 
The ''Delphian Oracle" is a monthly literary magazine, 
published by the students, and in the v. is also published 
the " G. Ilerald," a weekly newspaper. Pop. about 1,800. 
Georgetown, p. v., Floyd co., Jnd.: on a branch of 
Indian cr., 102 m. S. by E. Indianapolis. 

Georgetown, p. v., Termillion co., lU.: on the N. side 
of Little Vermillion r., 103 m. E. by N. Springfield. 

Georgetown, t and p. o., Lincoln co., Me. : 37 m. 3. 
Augusta. It consists of two islands Jying between the Ken- 
nebec and Sheepscot rivers and projecting into the Atlantic 
It has good harbors, and the inhabitants arc chiefly em- 
jiloycd in coasting and fishing. Pop. 1,437. An unsuccess- 
ful attempt was made as early as 1607 to settle these islands. 
Georgetown, p. v., Copiah co.. Miss. : on the W. side of 
Pearl r., 26 m. S. by E. Jackson. 

Geobgetown, t. and p. v., Essex co., Mass. : 2S m. N. 
Boston. Drained by a branch of Parker's r. Surface di- 
versified ; soils adapted to grass. The v. is central, and has 
several manufacturing establishments. Pop, of t. 2,052, 
The Newburyport E. R. passes through the N, part of the 
town. 

Georgetown, t. and p. v., Madison co., A^ T. : 102 m. 
W. by N. Albany. Drained by head branches of Otselic r. 
Surface hilly ; soil, clayey loam. The v., on Otselic cr., con- 
tains several mills and about 400 inhabitants. Pop. of L 
1,411. 

Gi:oKGETowN, p. v., and cap. Brown co., O?tio: to the E. 
of White 0:Lk cr., SG m. S. S. W. Culumb\is. It has a court- 
house, jail, 6 clmrchcs, numerous mechanic shops and stores, 
about 200 dwellings, chiefly of brick, and about SOO inhab- 
itants. Two newspapers, the " Democratic Standard" and 
llie "Democrat and Journal" arc issued weekly. 

GEonGETows, p. v., licaver co., Penn. : on the Ohio r., 
N. of Mill cr., 194 m. W. Uarrisburg. It contains about 
300 inhabitants. 

Georgetown, p. v., port of entry, and cap. Georgetown 
dist., >S1 Car. : on the W. side of Winyaw Bay, at the con- 
fluence of Sawpit cr., 106 m. S. E. Columbia. Lat. 33° 21' 
N., and long. 79^ 17' W. It contains a court-house, jail, 6 
churches, a hu-ge number of .-stores and mechanic shops, and 
about 0,200 inhabitants. Two newspapers arc published 
here, the "Winyaw Observer" (deni.), semi-weekly, and 
the "True Republican" (dem.), weekly. Its harbor is deep 
enough for vessels drawing 11 feet water; and the rivers 
flowing into Winyaw Bay, ojien to the port an extensive 
and fertile back country. It has an extensive coasting 
trade, and regular steamers ply to and from Charleston and 



GEO 



GEO 



on the Great Pee Dee r. The entrances in 1550 fmni foreign 
countries were 2 vessels (297 tons), nnd the clearances to 
foreign countries 24 vessels (3,GS5 ton?). Tonnage of the 
district 2,779 tons, of which 1,749 was registered and 1,030 
enrolled and Hcensed. 

Geohgetown, p. v., Burlington county, X. Jer. : 27 m. 
S. by E. Trenton. 



Geokgetows, p. v., and cap. Petlis co., Mo. : on Muddy 
cr. of Kivicre a la Mine, 61 m. W. by N. Jefferson City. It 
contains a court-liouse, etc., and about 200 inhabilant5. 

Georcetows, p. v., Lafayette co., Wise, : 52 m. S. W. 
Madison. 

Georgetown Cross Koads, p. c, Kent co., M>f. : 45 m. 
N. K. Annapolis. 



THE STATE OF GEORGIA. 

Georgia is bounded on the north by Tennessee and North Carolina; on the nortli-east by South Carolina, from which 
Savannah River divides it; on the east by the Atlantic Ocean ; on the south by Florida, and on the west Ijy Alabama- 
the Chattahoochee River being the western boundary f )r more than half its lengtli. It extends generally between lati- 
tudes 30^ 22' and 35° N., and longituiles S(P 4S' and 84° 41' W. from Greenwicli, or 3° 4G' and 7° .39' W. from "Washington. 
It5 greatest length from north lo south is 322 miles, and its greatest width from the east point of Tybee Island, at the 
mouth of Savannah River, to Florence, on Chaltahoochee Kiver, 224 miles; but from this point it gradually narrows 
northward, and on the parallel of 34° 40' does not measure more than 126 miles. The whole area of the State is 58,000 
square miles. 

Ko State in the Tnion presents a richer field for the geologist than Georgia. "U'iih a territory embracing the southern 
extremity of the great Atlantic chains of mountains, extending across them to the north-west into the valley of the 
Mississippi, running to the south-west into the cretaceous slope of the Gulf of Mexico, and occupying along their east- 
ern base a wide belt of territorj-, it contains most of the important geological formations. Commencing at the Atlantic 
Ocean and spreading out from 100 to 150 miles to the west, an extensive plain of a teHiart/ formatioji rises from the 
level of the sea, and gradually swells up to the height of about 500 feet, at a line passing near the head of navigation of 
the rivers Savannah, Ogeechee, Oconee, and Ocmulgee, where it meets a prhnary formation. Between the Ocmulgee 
njid Flint rivers it leaves the pinmary formation to the right, and rests on the cretaceovs from a point nearly midway 
between Macon and Knoxville, by a line nmning in a south-west direction to another point between Fataula Creek and 
Fort Gaines, on the Chaltahoochee River. Bounded by the last mentioned line to the south-east, and by the southern 
edge of the pi^imary. as indicated by the heads of navigation in the Flint and Chattahoochee rivers, the creUteemi^ 
formation extends from Alabama into Georgia, forming an acute triangle. The primari/, or non-fossiliferous, bounded 
on the east by the tertiarj* and cretaceous formations as described above, crosses the State from north-cast to south-west, 
with a width of 160 miles at the northern limit and of 100 miles at the southern. The Blue Ridge range of mountains 
passes near its western edge and forms the most elevated land of the State, varying in height from 1,200 to 4,000 feet. 
From this crest there is a gradual descent to the cast by a series of parallel and undulating ridges, until the tertiary plain 
is reached. On the west the descent is much more precipitous. The western boundary of the primary is not very 
accurately established, but is believed to be not far from a line running nearly north and south through the centre of 
Gilmer County, and continued in the same direction to near Canton, in Cass County, and thence to the western base of 
iJic AUatoona Mountain, on the Etowah River, where it turns to the south-west, and passing near Van Wert, in Paulding 
County, and along the northern base of the Dugdown Mountain to the Alabama line. The north-western part of the 
State, bounded to the east and south by the western limit of the primarj-, consists of a traimtion^ or older fossiliIerou3 
formation, except the extreme north-west corner, where the carhoniferoua occurs. 

The coast is lined by a succession of low islands, intersected by numerous navigable channels, which afford good inland 
navigation all along the shore. They are generally separated from each other by wide bays or sounds, which bear 
their names and receive the waters of this section. The principal islands are Cabbage Island, Ossaba Island, St. 
Catharine's Island, Sapello Island, St. Simon's Island, Jekyll Island, Cumberlaml Island, etc. These are covered with 
rich plantations, and produce, as before stated, the long staple cotton called, from the place of its growth, sea-island 
cotton. 

Along the southern line of the State, between Ihc head branches of the Suwannee and the St. Marj's rivers, there is 
an extensive swamp, or series of swaraps, covered with a thick growth of bay-trees, vines, and underwood, and in the 
wet season presenting the appearance of a wide lake containing islands of rich highland. This swamp extends over the 
border into Florida, and bears the Indian name of "Okcfinoke." Several streams are lost in its morasses, and others, 
head waters of rivers flowing to the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico, take their rise from within its limits. 

The great mineral region of Georgia is found in the primary and metamorphic formations of the spurs of the 
Alleghany Mountains. Through the northern portion of the State these pursue their course toward the south-west with 
eimitar features of parallelism and straightness peculiar to them further north; but their more broken character, the 
greater ruggedness of their outline, and the impetuous nature of their streams, testify to (lifTerent geological formations 
than the stratified shales and sandstones of which they are composed in Pennsylvania. It is in these oul-Iiers of the main 
ridge that the metamorphic slates and quartz rock are found, which are productive in gold ores ; and frequently in near 
proximity to these are deposits of hematite iron ores of extraordinarj' extent. In the gneiss, also, are found veins of 
magnetic iron ore of great purity, as at Cane Creek, near Dahlonega. Specular ores, too, Hke those of the Iron 
Mountain in Missouri, are foun*! in the vicinity of some of the hematite beds; and localities of the same ore are of frequent 
occurrence down tlie course of Chattahoochee River. Another range of them, of much greater consequence, is found 
in the AUatoona hills, ainng the Etowah River. Here the broad, shallow stream, obstructed in its course, fat's over 
ledges of rock, producing good water power. On each side are seen, projecting from the hills, ledges of rough silicious 
rock, in strata of various degrees of thickness, dipping to the south of east Beds of limestone are associated with these 
rocks and veins of sulphate of barytes, of great extent. On the south-easteni slope of this range of hills, talcosc and 
Hiica slates, hornblende slate, green stone, and quartz veins containing gold, more abound. Through deep cuttings in 
these rocks, in one place 90 feet deep, the Western and Atlantic Railroad passes. To the west and north-west an exten- 
sive limestone country commences, about four miles from the river. Nearly the whole of Cass County is formed of this 
rock, and it spreads out into Floyd and Murray counties. Iron ores are found on both sides of tiie Etowah River. To 
the south-west they extend into Paulding County, and in tlie other direction through Cherokee County to its north-west 
corner; and so far as explored their range is about 4ii miles, and their course about north-east and south-west. Thcsn 
ores, in their appearance and qualitv, resemble the best ores found in the Ilousatonic Vallev. Numerous furnaces have 

243 



GEORGIA. 



been eslablished m this region and are now in successful operation ; the vast water-power, the abundance of timber, the 
cheapness of living, and the beauty of the climate being highly favorable cliaracleriS'tics of the region. 

Georgia embraces every variety of soil, climate, and productions, "^'liile southern and middle Georgia are parched 
with heal, the more northerly climate among the mountains is moderate and even cold. The sky is of a deep blue, nor 
does a more lovely heaven smile upon Italy than tliat which favors this country. The cordon of isleta which border the 
Bea-coast has a light, sandy soil, but produces the finest staple, known to the world as sea-island cotton. In the south 
are the tide and swamp lands, producing immense crops of rice. The soil of this region varies as it is situated on 
the sea-shore or upon the large and small rivers. On the Savannah these Ian<Js art; cultivated 20 miles from the 
brackish marsh up the river, and are the finest in the Estate ; and next to these are the lands on the Alatamaha Eiver, 
which in width are equal to those on the Savannah. They do not extend from the marshes up more than 16 miles— 
beyond, the freshets render them valueless, except for timber. Next come the tide hinds of the Ogeechee, extending 10 miles 
up from the marshes, which produce rice, but are not well adapted to cotton. The tide lands of the Great Sautilla are 
not as broad as the others, but are productive and fertile 20 miles up from the marshes, yielding good crops of rice 
and cotton, and are not so liable to inundation as those of other large streams. The inland swamps produce abundantly. 
Black-seed cotton is produced on the oak lands adjoining the inland swamps, though these lands arc said to be of infi-rior 
quality. About CO or 70 miles iVom the coast begin the pine lands, which are valuable chiefly for the immense quantity 
of timber annually yielded. Tar. pitch, and turpentine are also largely manufactured in this section. The middle 
region of the State contains land of a red, loamy soil, producing tobacco, cotton, and all the grains. It was once very 
productive, but owing to the exhausting system of cultivation adopted by the planters, it has become in many parts 
much impoverished, and large gullies and red barren hill sides often meet the eye in places where once abundant crops 
were produced. The planters, however, have become awake to the folly of a system so injurious to their best interests, 
and hill-side ditching, manuring, and a judicious rotation of crops, together with occasional rest to the land, is gradually 
restoring the soil. The institution of agricultural societies has also of late years stimulated enmlation in this direction, and 
many of the great planters have set a good example to their neighbors by adopting the improvements which science lias 
proved necessary to insure success in agricultural operations. The lands in the south-western part of the Slate, between 
the Chattahoochee and yiint rivers, are in general fertile when first cleared, but are not very durable. Being of a light, 
aandy soil they produce fine crops ol cotton and sometimes sugar cane for a few years, and then become exhaiurted, 
when resort must be had to fertilizers. These lands, however, are cheaper in proportion to their fertility than any others 
in Georgia. In the north part of the State — that part known as Cherokee Georgia — the valleys are exceedingly rich, 
producing wheat, corn, potatoes, etc., and in some places cotton is extensiTely raised ; but the crop is not so certain as In 
the lower regions. This, indeed, is peculiarly a grain country, while the mountains yield the more valuable minerals, 
and are exceedingly attractive as grazing lands. The land here is more costly than in any other part of the State, rang- 
ing from $10 to $30 per acre; while in the south-west hin<Is of equal fertility cost not more than one-third those sums — 
the diflerence being due to the greater dsrahility of the northern soils. But Cherokee Georgia is not the place to raise 
cotton ; it is to be the granary and work-shop of the State, and its fields will produce corn to feed the operatives who 
are to direct its water-power in manufacturing the cotton which the south produces, and in digging out from the bowels 
of the eartJi the minerals which are to regulate its itdand commerce. 

Upward of fitly streams in the State of Georgia are enumerated as deserving and having the designation of rivers. 
A very cursory glance at the map will show that her water resources are immense. The streams of this state alone 
which pour the volume of their waters from the mountain springs into the bosom of the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of 
Mexico, would supply sufficient power, in the eligible sites, to manufacture all the cotton grown in the world, or to grind 
all the grain grown within the limits of the Union. The navigable rivers are the Savannah, the Alatamaha, the Oconee, 
the Ocmulgee, the St. Marj"'s, the Ogeechee, the Flint, the Chattahoochee, the Coosa, and various others. These bear 
down to the seaboard the productions of the interior, and are thronged by steamboats, sloops, and flat boats, l.idcn with 
the material of a commerce valued at thirty-five to forty million of dollars a year. If Georgia has not the best of harbors, 
she has a large number, equal to all the requirements of the coasting trade. Savannah, Barien. Brunswick, and St. 
Mary's have harbor accommodations for a large class of shipping, and are the centres of a considerable foreign trade. 
The great river of the State is the Savannah, which rises by two jirincipal branches in North Carolina, near the sources 
of the Tennessee and Iliwassee on the one side, and the Chattahoochee on the other, and after a course of about 300 
miles, falls over Uie last chain of rock-hills into the great plain at Augusta, to which place, 250 miles from its mouth, it is 
navigable for steamers of light draft, and for large ships to Savannah, there being IS or 19 feet water on tlie bar at low 
tide. Its principal tributaries are Brier Creek and Broad River. The Chattahoochee, rising near the southern branch 
of the Savannah, pursues at first a south-westerly course, but afterward turns to the south, and receiving Flint River on 
the Florida line, enters that State under the name of Aiipalachicola. It is navigable to the falls at Columbus, 300 miles 
from its mouth, f<tr a great part of the year, and its whole length is about 500 miles. Flint Kiver, above named, rises in 
the hilly country south of the Chattahoochee, and has a total length of 800 miles, of which 75 miles to the falls is open 
to navigation. The Ooatanaula and Etowah, rising in the mtiuntains of the north, unite their streams at liome, ia 
Floyd County, whence they pass directly west into Alabama, under the name of Coosa. The Alatamaha is formed by the 
junction of the Oconee and the Ocmulgee, which rise in the hilly region south of the Chattahoochee, and flow for about 
250 miles nearly parallel to each other, where the latter bends round to the east, and unites its waters with those of the 
fonner — there are 12 to 13 feet water on the bar of the Alatamaha at ebb-tide, and steamboats ascend the Ocmulgee to 
Macon, and the Oconee to Milledgeville, although there are some obstructions to their navigation. The Ogeechee has a 
course of about 200 miles, of which 40 miles are navigated by small vessels. The Sautilla, or St Ilia, has a winding 
course, chiefly through a low, swamp region, but is partially navigable for river craf^. The St. Mary's Kiver rises in a 
low ridge, near Okefinoke Swamp, and reaches the sea in Cumberland Sound ; it has 13 feet of water on the bar at low 
tide, and sometimes as much as 23 feet in times of fiood. The AUapaha and "Withlacoochee. principa' constituents of 
Suw^annee Eiver of Florida, and the Ocklockonee River, are considerable streams in the south part of the State, which 
empty into the Gulf of Mexico. 

Mr. Stephens, one of Georgia's representatives in Congress, in a speedi before that body, exhibited the physical, 
Imlustrial, and moral condition of his State in the following glowing terms: "Georgia is the youngest of the old thirteen 
States that formed the Union. At that time she was the weakest of that fraternal hand.'' ***♦*" Boston. New 
Tork, and Richmond were nearly as old as Georgia now is, when Oglethorpe first landed at Savannah. But notwith- 
standing all this,! will not shrink from the comparison, let it be instituted when or where it may. Georgia has her beds 
244 



GEORGIA. 



of coal and iron ; her lime, cypsum. and marl ; her quarries of granite mid raarble. She has inexhanstihlo lrea.surc3 of 
minerals, inchi<iing gold, tlie most preeious of im-tals. ?^ln_- has a soil and elimale suitable for Ihe growth and culture of 
every product known to husbandry and agriculture. A better country for wheat and corn, and all the cereal plants, to 
say nothing of cotton and tobacco, is not to be found in an equal space on this continent. There, t<50, grow the orange, 
the olive, the vine, and the lig, with forests of oak and pine sufficient to build and mast the navies of the world. She 
has mountains for grazing, rivers for commerce, and waterfalls for macliinery of all kinds without numljer. Nor have 
these great natural advantages and resources been neglected. Young as she is, she is now the tirst cotton-growing State 
in the Union. Site has. I believe, thirty-six cotton factories in operation, an<l a groat many more hastening to comple- 
tion — ijne of them has, or soon will have, ten thousand spindles, with two liundred looms, capable of turning out eight 
Uiousand yards of cl<^illi per day. Her yarns are already finding their way to the markets of the North and foreign 
countries; and the day is uoi distant when she will take the lead in the manufacture as well as the production of this 
great staple. She has also her flour mills and paper mills — her forges, foundries, and furnaces, in full operation. Her 
exports exceed yearly ^3^i,000,oiio — equal to if not greater than those of all New England ttigether. She has six hundred 
and fifty miles of railroa<l in operation, at a cost of $15,00n.(ii)O. aiid two hundred niik-s more in the course of construc- 
tion. By her energy and enlt-rprise she has scaled tlie mounlain barriers, and opened the way for the steam-car from 
the southern Atlantic ports to the waters of the great valley of the West. But this is not all: slie has four chartered 
universities — nay, five, for she has one devoted exclusively t*» the education of her daughters. She waa the first State, I 
believe, to establish a female college, which is now in a flourishing condition, and one of the brighcst ornaments of her 
character. She has four hundred young men pursuing a collegiate course — a greater number, I believe, than any State 
in the Union, in proportion to her wliite population. Go, llien, and take your stiitislics if you wish— you will find not 
only all those things to be so ; but 1 tell you also what you will not find, you will not find any body in that State begging 
bread or asking alms— you will find but few paupers — yon will not find forty thousand beings, pinched with cold and 
hunger, demanding the right to labor, as I saw it stated to be the ease not long since in the City of New York. And 
when you have got all the inf»>rmation you want, come anti institute the comparison if you wish, with any State you 
please; make your own selection: I shall not shrink from if, nor will the people of that State shrink from it. Other 
gentlemen from the South can speak fnr their own States — I speak only for mine. And in her name, and in her behalf, 
as one of her re^ipresenta fives upon this floor, I accept the gauntlet in a<ivanee, and I Iiave no fears of the result of a 
comparison of her statistics, socially, morally, poHtieally. with any other stale of equal population in this confe<h'raoy.'' 
«««««* "That country has the greatest elements of prosperity where the same amount of human labor or 
exertion will procure the greatest amount of human comforts, and that people are the most prosperous, whether few or 
many, who, possessing tliose elements, control them by their energy, and industry, and economy for the accumulation 
of wealth. In these particulars the people of Georgia are inferior to none in this or any other country. They have 
abundant reason to be content with their lot." ******" The six hundred and fifty miles of railroad now in 
operation, to which I have alluded, were built by Georgia eapit.al. One hundred and thirty-six miles, from Atlanta to 
Chattanooga, on the Tennessee liiver, which is one of the gi>.'atcst monuments of the enterprise of the age, was built by 
the State. But her public debt is only a little over $l,sOn,utiiJ, while that of the State of New York is over !ti20,il()'i,0(i0, 
besides $U,tXiO,OUi) ojved by the city alone ; and the debt of Pennsylvania is $40,000,000. The bonds of the State of 
Georgia are held mastly by her own people. You do not see them liawked about in Northern or foreign markets at a 
depreciation. But they, as well as the stocks and securities of the private companies, are held mostly by her own citizens, 
and are commanding premiums at home.'' 
Georgia is divided into 94 counties, the general statistics of which, and the capital of each in 1S50. was as follows: 



CGiiQties. 


Dwell 


Pup. 


FaMUS 

in cull. 


Mam 
E.ui 


Cnjiital?. 


Cunties. 


Dwell. 


r„p. 


F-irnis 
in roll 


Mnn 


i '^»i"'»"- 


Appling .. 


. 410. 


. 2.949 . 


. 313. 


. 0. 


. Ilolmesville 


Franklin . . 


. l..'>46 


. ll.f.13 . 


. 1,305 


. 4 


. CamesviUe 


Baker 


. 165. 


. S.1-20 . 


. 444. 


.12. 


. Newlon 


Gilmer ... 


. 1,396 


. 8,440 . 


. 677. 


. 5 


. Ellejay 


Baldwin . . 


. 647. 


. S.US . 


. 240 . 


. 3 . 


. MlLLEDGEVILLE 


Glinn 


. 145 


. 4 933 . 


. 92 . 


. S 


. Brunswick 


Bibb 


. 1.2.S4 . 


. 12,699 . 


. 308 . 


.62. 


. Macon 


Gordon . . . 


. 801 


. 6.984. 


. 419 


. 


. Calhoun 


Bryan 


. 212. 


. 8.424 . 


. 209 . 


. 0. 


. Eden 


Greene . . . 


. 854. 


. 13,008 . 


. 512. 


.47. 


. Greensboro' 


Bullock... 


. 477. 


. 4.,S00 . 


. 412. 


. S . 


. Stalosboro' 


Gwinnett . 


1,610 . 


. 11,2.'J7 . 


. 1,036 . 


. 26. 


. Lawrenceville 


Burke 


. 1,017 . 


. 16.1110 . 


. 712 


. 41 


. Waynesboro' 


Habersham 1,339 . 


. 8,S95. 


. 732. 


. 5. 


. Clarkesville 


Bulla 


. 642. 


. 6.4S3 . 


. 391 . 


. 14 . 


. Jackson 


Hall 


1,300 . 


. 8,718 . 


. 697. 


. 0. 


. Gainesville 


Camden .. 


. 400 . 


. 6,319 . 


. 235 . 


. 5. 


. Jefferson 


Hancock . . 


. 761 . 


. 11.573 . 


. 444 . 


.20 


. Sparta 


Campbell . 


. 920. 


. 7.232 . 


. 694. 


.IS. 


. Campbcllton 


Harris 


.1,175 


. 14,721 . 


. 873. 


.73 


. Hamilton 


Carroll ... 


1.379 . 


. 9,357. 


. 782. 


. 16 . 


. Carrollton 


Heard 


. 724. 


. 6.923 . 


. 512 . 


. 5 


. Franklin 


Cass 


1.712 . 


. 1.3,300 . 


. 601 . 


. S. 


. Cassvilie 


Henry 


. 1.6S0 . 


. 14,726 . 


1.003 . 


. 3. 


. M'Donough 


Chaliiam . 


1.915 . 


23,901 . 


. 132 . 


.13. 


. Savannah 


Houston .. 


1,138 . 


. 16.450 . 


750. 


.23. 


. Perry 


ChaUooga . 


. 869. 


. 6.?15. 


. 419. 


.10. 


. Summerville 


Irwin 


. 44S . 


. 3..334. 


. 414. 


. 0. 


. Irwinrille 


Cherokee . 


. 1,970 . 


. 12,800 . 


. 1,000 . 


. 5. 


. Canton 


.Tackson . . . 


. I,2il0 . 


. 9,763 . 


. 647. 


. 6 


. Jefferson 


Clark 


. 1,024 . 


11.119 . 


400 . 


. 55 . 


. Athens 


Jasper 


S12. 


. 11,456 . 


. 538. 


.12. 


. Monticello 


Cobb 


1.91S . 


. 1.3,84.3 . 


931 . 


.10. 


. M.ariella 


Jefferson . . 


765. 


. 9,131 . 


533 . 


.43. 


. Louisville 


Columbia . 


. 7.51 . 


. 11,901 . 


. 4S9. 


. 7. 


. Appling 


Jones 


. 739. 


. 10,224 . 


405. 


15. 


. Clinton 


Cowela . , , 


. 1.8S2 . 


. 13.635 . 


. 911 . 


.52. 


. Newnan 


Laurens .. . 


634. 


. 6,442. 


823 . 


. 6. 


. Dublin 


Crawford . 


. 754. 


. 8,984. 


. 444. 


. 6. 


. KnoxviUe 


Lee 


. SSO . 


. 6,6.'i9. 


. 887. 


. 7. 


. Starkevillo 


Dade 


. 421. 


. 2,6S0 . 


. 235. 


. 4. 


. Trenlnn 


Liberty . . . 


860. 


. 7.926. 


244. 


. 4. 


. ITinesvillo 


Deoatur ... 


. 89S. 


. 8.262. 


441 . 


. 2 . 


. Bainbridgo 


Lincoln ... 


878 . 


5,998 . 


273. 


.13. 


, Lincolntoa 


Dc Kalb . . 


. 1.792 . 


14,329 . 


1.019 . 


.45. 


. Decatur 


Lowndes . . 


. 932. 


. 8,361 . 


. 649. 


2 . 


. Trouprille 


Dooly 


. 962 . 


. 8.361 . 


. 663. 


. 8. 


. Drayton 


Lumpkin . 


1.381 . 


. 8,9.54. 


. 593. 


. 0. 


. Dahlonega 


Karly 


. WG. 


. 7.246. 


367 . 


. 11 . 


. Blakcly 


ilacon 


679. 


. 7,062. 


419 . 


. 0. 


. Lanier 


Kflinghara 


. .W5. 


. 8,864 . 


. 808 . 


. 0. 


. Spriniifleld 


Madieon... 


. 692. 


. 5,003. 


. 404. 


. 3. 


. Danielsvillo 


Klbert .... 


. 1.177 . 


. 12,969 . 


. 804 . 


.20. 


. Elberton 


Marion . . . 


1,101 . 


. 10,280 . 


663. 


4. 


. T.izewcU 


Emanuel.. 


. 6115. 


. 4,577. 


. 511 . 


. 0. 


. Swainsboro' 


M-Intosh.. 


2SS . 


. 6,023. 


117. 


10. 


, Darien 


Fayctio . . . 


. 1,196 . 


. 8,709 . 


. 818. 


. 6. 


. Fayeltevillo 


Merriwetherl.42S . 


. 16.476 . 


824. 


0. 


. Greenville 


Floyd.... 


. 866. 


. 6.205 . 


. 897. 


. 15. 


. Rome 


Monroe... 


1.104 . 


. lO.OW . 


740. 


2. 


Forsyth 


Forsjth ... 


.1,3*1. 


S,S50. 


. 765. 


. S. 


. Cumming 


Monlg'men 


• 236. 


. 2,154 . 


163. 


0. 


Mount Vernon 
245 



GEORGIA. 



Counties. 


Dwtll. 


Pop. 


Morgan .. 


. 621 . 


. 10,744 . 


Murray .. . 


. 2.047 . 


. 14,483 . 


Muscogee . 


. 1,8S4 . 


. 18,578 . 


Newton . . . 


. 1,3T4 . 


. 13,296 . 


Oglethorpe 


. 819. 


. 12,259 . 


Paulding . 


. i.im . 


. T,039 . 


Pike 


1,474 . 


. 14,305 . 


Pulaski... 


701 . 


. 6,627. 


Putnam .. 


. 609. 


. 10,794 . 


Eabun — 


. 8S5. 


. 2,44S. 


Randolph . 


. 1,408 . 


. 12,SC3 . 


Kiehmond 


.1,556 . 


. 16,246 . 


Seriven . . . 


607 . 


. 6,S47 . 


Stewart. . . 


1,4.32 . 


. 16,027 . 


Sumter . . . 


1,109 . 


. 10,323 . 


Talbot.... 


1,324 . 


. 16,5:!4 . 



Farma 

in cult. 

8.36 


M»our. 

KBtab. 

.81 .. 


1,034 
681 
812 


.25.. 
.30.. 
.23.. 


655 


.13.. 


422 


.10.. 


807 
871 


. 21 .. 
. 2.. 


3.51 

2S2. 

930 


.32.. 
. .. 

.38.. 


272 


.66.. 


493 


. .. 


990 


.36.. 


763. 
92S 


.34.. 
.46.. 



Capitals. 

Madison 

Spring Place 

Columbus 

Covin<;ton 

Lexin^rton 

Van Wert 

Zebnlon 

llawktnsviUo 

Eatonton 

Clayton 

Cutiibert 

Augusta 

■Jacksonboro' 

Lum])kin 

Americus 

Talbotton 



Counties. Dwell. 



Taliaferro., 
Tatnall . . . . 

Telfair 

Thomas 

Troup 

Twiggs.... 

Union 

Tpson 

Walker 



408. 

434. 

340. 

838, 
1,295 , 

696, 
1.141 , 

795 
1,807 . 



W.allon.... 1,191 . 

Ware 561 , 

Warren.... 1.135. 
Washington 1,077 , 

Wayne 1S2 , 

Wilkes.... 709. 
Wilkinson.. 9S-3 , 



Pop. 

6,146 . 

3,227 . 

3.026 . 
10,103 . 
16,S79 . 

8.179 . 

7,234. 

9,424 . 
13,109 . 
10,521 . 

3,638 . 
12,425. 
11,766 . 

1,499 . 
12,107 . 

8,212 . 



Farms 
in cult. 
294 
327 
280 
634 
789 
867 
911 
436 
600 
864 
339 
605 
632 
172 
468 
615 



Manuf. — .. , 

Estab. Cap't'ils- 

. 16 , . Craw ford sville 
. 10 . . Eeidsviile 
. .. Jacksonville 
. 6 . . Thomasville 
. 8 . . Lagrange 
, . . . Marion 
. 3 . . Blairsville 
Tliomasion 
Lafayette 
. 56 . . Monroe 
. . . Waresboro* 
. 42 .. 'Warrcnton 
. 6 . . SandersvUIe 
, .. "Waynesvillc 
. 9 . . "Washington 
. 6..Irwintou 



.10. 
. 1. 



The ■whole number of dwellings in the State, at the above date, was 91.011, of families 91,471, and of inhabitants 
905,999, viz., whites 521,433— males '266,096, and temales 255,342 ; free colored 2.SS0— males 1,36S, and females, 1,512 ; and 
slaves ySl,6Sl. Of the whole population, there were: deaf and dumb—vfh. 211, fr. col. 0, si. 41 ; hlind~vfh. 224, fr. col. 
6, si. 80 ; insane — wh. 2S1, fr. col. 2, si. 23 ; and idiotic— wh. 476, fr. col. 3, si. 93. The number of free persons born in 
the United States was 517,995 ; the number of foreign birth was 5,907, and of birth unknown, 597 ; the n<itive population 
originated as follows: Maine ITS, New Hampshire 122, Vermont 1S6, Massachusetls 594, Khode Island 138, Connecticut 
712, New York 1,203, New Jersey 331, Pennsylvania 642, Delaware 117, Maryland 703, District of Columbia 72, Virginia 
7,331, North Carolina 37,522, South Carolina 52.154, Georgia 402.5V2. Florida 1.103, Alabama 31,154> Mississippi 1S4, Loui- 
siana 42, Texas 28, Arkansas 25, Tennessee 8,211, Kentucky 458, Ohio -iG, Michigan 3, Indiana 50, Illinois 41, Missouri 
60, Iowa 1, "Wisconsin 2, California 0, and the Territories ; and the/oreign population was composed of persons from — 
England 679, Ireland 3,202, Scotland 367, "Wales 13, Germany 947, France 177, Spain 13, Portugal 5, Belgium 41. Ilolland 
11, Turkey 1, Italy 33, Austria 3, Switzerland 38, Russia S, Denmark 24, Norway 6, Sweden U, Prussia 25, Greece 1, Asia 
2, Africa 13, British America IDS, Mexico 8, South America S, "West Indies 95, and other countries 58. 

The following table will exhibit the decennial progress of the population since the first census of the State, taken by tbc 
United States authorities: 

Colorei] Peraona. 
Census. Wliitfi , 

Yt-nr. rer>«on3. Fr.-^. Slavt. ToUL 

, 52,SS6 39S.... 29,264.... 29,662.. 

, ll'1.6T8 1.019.... 59,404.... 60,423.. 



1790 

1800 

1810 

1820 

1830 

1840 

1850 , 



Total 
Population. 

.. 82,543 .... 
.. 162,101 .... 
. . 252,433 .... 
. . 340,987 .... 



Decetmial I 


ncrease. 


NumericaL 


FerceoL 


79.553 .... 


..90.4 


90.832 .... 


.. 65.1 


83.5,54 .... 


.. aM 


175.836 .... 


.. 51.2 


174.569 .... 


..83.8 


214.607.... 


..31.0 



, 145,414 lySlll .... 105,213 .... 107,019 .. 

. 1,S9„564 1,707 .... 149,656 .... 1.51,423 .. 

. 296,800 2,4S6 .... 217,531 ... 220,017 .... 616,823 .... 

. 407,095 2,753 .... 280,944 .... 283,697 .... 691,392 .... 

, 521,433 2,830 .... 381,681 .... 384,561 .... 905,999 .... 

The statistics of the indu.'^try and wealth of Georgia, as furnished by the census of 1S50, and othex ofiBcial returns 
referring to that year, are as follows ; 

Occupied Lands, etc. — Improved lands, 6,373,479 acres; and unimproTcd lands, 16,442,900 acres — ^valued in cash at 
$95,753,44.5. Number of farms under cultivation, 61,759. Value of farming implements aud machinery, $5,894,150. 

Livestock. — Horses, 151,331 ; asses and mules, 67,339 ; milch cows, 334,223 ; working oxen. 73,236 ; other cattle, 
690,016; sheep, 660,4-35; and swine, 2,163,617— valued in the aggregate at $25,728,416. (In 1840 there were 167,540 
horses, mules, etc. ; 834,414 neat cattle of all kinds ; 207,107 sheep, and 1,457,7.55 swine.) 

Grain (7/-o/)5.— Wheat, 1,0SS,,534 bushels ; rye, 53,750 bushels ; Indian corn, 30,080,090 bushels ; oats, 8,820,044 bushels ; 
barley, 11,501 bushels: and buckwheat, 250 bushels. (The crops of 1339-40 were — wheat, 1,301,330 bushels; barley, 
12,979 bushels ; oats, 1,610,030 bushels ; rye, 60,603 bushels : buckwheat, 141 bushels ; and Indian corn, 20,905,122 bushels.) 

Ot>ier Crops.— Rice, 38,950,691 pounds; tobacco, 423,984 pounds ; ginned cotton, 800,901 bales of 400 pounds; peas .and 
beans, 1,142,011 bushels; potatoes— Irish, 227,379, and sweet, 6,936.428 bushels; h.ay, 23,449 tons; clover-sccd, 132, and 
other grass-seed, 428 bushels ; hops, 261 pounds ; hemp — dew-rotted, 0, and water-rotted. tons ; flax, 6,337 pounds : flax- 
seed, 622 bushels; maple sugar, 50 pounds; cane sugar, 1,644 hogsheads of 1,000 pounds; molas.ses, 216,150 gallons: 
wine, 796 gallons, etc. The value of orchard products was $92,776, and of market-garden products, $76,500. The 
annexed table compares the crops of the great staples in 1840 and 1350 : 



Staple.. 19^0. 

Cane .«ugar 329,744 pounds . 

Ginned Cotton 163,392,-396 " 

Tobacco 162,894 " 

Eice 12,.384,732 " 



IS.iO. 

. 1,644,000 pounds , 
. 120,360,400 " 
423,9.»i " 
. 38,950,691 " 



Movement. 

. incr. 1.314,256 potmds, or 398.57 per cent. 
. (?<■«■. 4,3,031,996 " or 20.34 " 
. incr. 261.040 " or 160.25 " 
, incr. 26,565,959 " or 214.51 " 



Products ofAnimaU. — Wool, 990,019 pounds (in 1840, 371,303) : butter, 4,640,559 pounds, and cheese, 46,976 pounds ; 
and the value of animals slaughtered in the year had been $6,.339,762. Silk cocoons were produced to tlie amount of 813 
pounds (in 1840, 2,992^); and beeswax and honey, to that of 732,514 pounds. 

Ilome-made mmm/actures for the year ending ,30th June, 1350, were valued at $1,333,963 (in 1840, $1,407,630). 

Momifact'Uretf. — Aggregate capital invested, $00,000,000 ; value of raw material, fuel, etc., consumed, $0,000,000 . ave- 
rage number of hands employed, 00,000— males, 00,000, and fcin.ales, 0.000 ; average mcnilhly costof labor— m.'de, $000,000, 
and female, $00,000; annual value of proilucts, $00,000,000. The whole number of manufacturing establishments, pro- 
ducing to the value of $500 and upward in 1850, w.as 1,407, and of these 35 were collon factories, 8 woolen factories, 140 
tanneries, and 10 iron establishments, of which 4 manufactured casting, 8 pig-iron, and 3 i^Tought iron. 
246 



GEOUGIA, 



Val.ie of 
Paw .Material. 


M.ile. Fern. 


^laie. 


y.-fn.lle. 


Tni.8 
Pn..l'iee<l. 


Entire Valae 
of PreJucls. 


$25,540 ... 


.. 1.35 3 ... 


..$17.44 .. 


. . . :f5.li0 . . 


900 .. 


....»57..300 


11.950 . . . 


.. 39 ... 


. . . 27.43 . . 


. . . 0.00 . . 


.... 415 .. 


.... 46,200 


5,956 . . . 


.. 26 1 ... 


. . 11.30 . . 


... 5.00 .. 


. . . . 90 . . 


.... 15,3S4 



The cotton manufactures employ a capital of $1,T3'J,1S0 ; the cotton consumed in the year ending 30th June, 1S50, was 
20,230 bales, and the value of all raw materijU, fuel, etc., was $900,419 ; avt rage hands employed— males 873, and females 
1,399 ; monthly cost of labor— male, $r2,7'25, and f.Mualn. ."Jili^Soa ; value of entire products, J;2,:35,044, the products of the 
year having been 7,209,292 yards of sheeting, and 4.19S,351 pouniis of yarn. 

The icoolen manufactures have a capital invested amounting to $68,000, and consume annually 153,S1C pounds 
of wool; value of all raw material, $30,392 ; hands employed— males 40, and females 33; monthly cost of labor— male 
$1,099, and female, $536 ; cloth manufactured, 34O,GC0 yards; value of H)e entire ])roducts, $SS.T50. 

The tann^ru'S employ a capital r)f $2*;2,S5o, ami use annually S1,4S4 hides, and 21,705 skins, valued at $155,604; hands 
employed, 402; monthly wages, or cost of labor, $7,107; skins tanned, 21,705, and sides of leather tanned, 162,905— 
valued together at $361,550. 

The various i/'o^i manufactures are in accordance with the following statistics : 

Unn.U. M-.iillily Wnz-^X 

Sper-ified Caiiitiil 

Msnufaclures- In»f't'*d. 

rig Iron $26,000 

Cast In»n 35.0i)i) 

■Wrought Iron 9,200 

The total capital invested in Ihe iron manufacture is thus $70,200: Uie value of raw material, fuel, etc., consumed, 
$43,776; and the total value of products. $11S,SS4. 

The branches of industry, others than those above enumerated, and firming the bulk of the manufactures of the State, 
consist chiefly of Mills of various descriptions, as saw and flouring mills, pai)er mills, boot and shoe shops, wheelwright 
shops, agricultural-implement manufacturers, etc., etc., which, taken together, and in connecli'm with the national 
manufactures in which this State is engaged, constitute a very respectable manufacturing mteresl, and place Georgia in 
a proud position— first among its compeers of the Southern Slates. 

Foreign Cumi/ierce. — Not more than a sixth of the commercial staples of Georgia arc exported directly, or in shipping 
belonging to the State. The great bulk of Its products are carried coastwise, and chiefly in northern vessels to northern 
ports, and thence trans-shipped to the foreign port ; and even of the one-sLxth, constituting the material of its direct 
foreign commerce, more than tliree-fifths is exported in vessels of foreign nations ; besides, a largo moiety of the products 
of Western Georgia is shipped at Appalachicola, in Florida. The exports to foreign countries, in the year ending 30th 
June, 1S50, were valued at $7,551,943, of which $4,929,791 represents the value of merchandise carried in foreign bottoms; 
and Ihe direct imports were valued at $636,964, of which $330,081 was the value of goods carried in foreign bottoms. The 
whole of the exports were of domestic origin. The total entries were 115 (57,017 tons), of which 71 (45,134 tons) were 
foreign ; and the total clearances were 141 (72,563 tons), of which S3 (51,524 tons) wi-re foreign. The whole of this com- 
merce was done in the district of wliich Savannah is the port of entry. The amount of i^hipping owned in the State at 
the above-named period was 21,69o tons, distributed among the several collection districts as follows- 



Collcr-tioa / 

Diitncta. Pefm't. 

Savannah 4,159 . 

Sunbury — 

Brunswick — 

llardwick — 

SL Mary's — 



T.TT.p ry. 

, 6,278 . , 



491 . 



Enrnlled s 


nJ Liren.eJ. 


rvrin't. 
S,524 . . 


Temi-Vi. 
665 


524 .. 


- 


C92.. 


242 



mderjri to 
. . . 105 . 



31 



ICav, sated 
by Steatn. 

.. 6,479 



534 , 



1,425 . 



Imports. I 



Imjiortg. 



All the registered tonnage is employed in the foreign trade, and all tlie enrolled and liecnsed in the coasting trade : the 
vessels navigated by steam are of the latter classes. The number of vessels built in ttie year was 5 — 2 scliooners and 3 
steamers — with a total burden of 6S4 tons. The statistics of the foreign commerce of Georgia for a series of years exhibit 
the following movements : 

I Tears. Exports. 

ISU $2.6l!S,S66.. 

1312 1,060.703.. 

1S13 1,094,,595.. 

1814 2,1S.1.121.. 

I'ilS 4,172,319.. 

1*10 T,.')ll,929 .. 

1317 S,79».C62.. 

1M3 11,132,096.. 



1792... 


. . 459,100 


1793... 


620,9.10 


1794... 


20-i,S32 


1795... 


.. 69.1.956 


1796... 


.. 950.153 


1797... 


. . fvl4..307 


1793... 


.. 961,S4S 


1799... 


.. 1,.396,7.59 


ISOO... 


.. 2,174,263 


ISM... 


. . 1,755,939 


1S02... 


.. l.S.M.OSl 


1S03 . . . 


.. 2,370.575 


1S04... 


.. 2,077,592 


1S05... 


.. 2,894,«46 


1S06... 


S2,764 


1807... 


. . 3,T44,S45 


1S08 . . . 


24,626 


1?09... 


.. 1.082,1 OS 


1510... 


.. 2,238,636 



1S19... 


.. C,-31 0.434 


1520... 


.. 6.591.623 


1521... 


.. 6,014,310 


1-22... 


.. .5.4-4.509 


1523... 


.. 4.293.660 


1S24... 


.. 4,023,982 


1S25... 


.. 4,222.838 


1526 ... 


.. 4.365.504 


1^27 ... 


.. 4.201,555 


1S2S . . . 


.. 8.104.425 


1529... 


.. 4.9-1.370 



ISSO. 



1,002,654 
959.591 
670.705 
S.'il.SSS 
a43,356 
830,993 
812.609 
808,669 
880.293 
5,336,620 252,436 



ETpnrt?. Tmporta. 

J.5.9.-.9.513 $399,940 

5,515,-83 2.53,41T 

6,270,1140 315,990 

7,567,.337 646,802 

8,5911,674 393,049 

10.722,200 573,323 

8,935.041 774,.S49 

8.503,839 776,06.3 

5,970,441 413,907 

6,802,959 491.423 

3,096,513 449,00T 

4.-300,257 ' 841,764 

4,522,401 207,432 

4,253,505 30,5,634 

1545 4,6.57.4.35 200.301 

1546 2,705,008 20.5.495 

1847 5,712,149 207,150 

1543 3,070,415 217,114 

1849 6,.5.57,50C 871,024 

1550 7,551,94.3 636,904 



Years. 
1-31 . . 
1-82 . . 
1533 . . 
1834 .. 
1-.35.. 
1-80.. 
1-37 . . 
1533 .. 
1-39 .. 
ISlO .. 
1541.. 
1812.. 
1843.. 
1844.. 



Iniflmal Communication, — The rivers of Georgia ftimish in the aggregate a long line of navigable channels, which 
give the greater part of the interior a ready acce.s.g by steamboat or batteaux to the Gulf and Atlantic seaboards. The 
ssmee, length, etc., of the princip.al of these are given elsewhere. Georgia has also furnished itaclf with extensive and 

24T 



GEORGIA. 



magniflci-nt lines of internal inipmvciTients; her railways now in active operation have a length of SoO miles, and there 
are about 800 miles now in pro^jress of construction, or for which charters have been oI>taincd. The direction of the 
Georgia railways is greneraljy between the seaboard and the interior; two lines, one from the port of Savannah and th^ 
other from that of Charleston, run south-west to a junction with the system of Tennessee railroads, terminating at Chat- 
tanooga, distant from the first-named place 433 miles, and f¥om the latter 4-iS miles ; and in their course give off several 
branches and connect with other railroads passing westward into Alabama, etc. Among the projected railroads tho 
most important are those from Savannah and Brunswick to the Flint Iliver and the seaports of Florida. Georgia has 
also two short canals: the Savannah and Ogeechee Canal, 16 miles long, and the Brunswick Canal, 13 miles long; the 
former extends from Savannah to the Ogeechee River, but is now unused, and the latter from Brunswick to (ho 
Alatamaha Iliver. The proportion of completed railroads to superficies in this State, in January, 1^53, was as 1 mile of 
road to every 67^ square miles, and to the population as 1 mile of road to every 1,055 persons. 

Baiils, €tc.~~la Peeember, 1850, there were in the State 11 banks and 10 brancli banks, and their condition in the 
aggregate was as follows: liaMlUies—cupUixl, $13,4S2.19S; circulation, $11,771,270; deposits, 5^3.035,080; due other 
banks, $3,035,&93, and other liabilities, |23,300 ; and assets— ionium and discounts, $-23,312,330 ; stocks, $963.(ill ; real estal*^, 
$83S.429; other investments, $236,205; due by other banks, $5.02(i,99s; notes of other banks, $810,895; specie funds, 
$306,909, and specie $2,218,223. The branch banks are branches of the Bank of the State of Georgia, the head-quartera 
of which is at Savannah. 

Government.— Gt'orgia's first constitution was made in 1777; a second in 17S5, and the one on -which the present 
government is based, in 17t)S. It lias subsequently undergone numerous amendments. Kvery citizen of the Stale, 21 
years old, who has paid all taxes demanded for one year, and has resided in the county for six months next before an 
election, has the right to vote. 

The legislature is styled the General Assembly, and consists of n Senate and House of Kepresentatives, the members 
of both of which are elected biennially. Kepresenlalives (130 in number) must be 21 years old and have been citizens 
of the State three years and of the United States seven years next before the election; senators (47 in number) aro 
chosen in districts, and must be 24 years old, and have been citizens of the United States nine years. A census of the 
State is taken every seven years and representatives apportioned in accordance with its results. 

The Governor is chief executive: he must be 30 years old, and have been a citizen of the United States twelve years 
and of the Slate six years, and bo possessed of 500 acres of land, or $4,000 in other property above all debts. lie is 
elected for two years by a popular majoriiy vote, or in ease there be not a choice, then one of the two candidates having 
the highest number of votes shall be elected by joint ballot of the General Assembly. In case of the office becoming 
vacant, the ebair is fllled by the President of the Senate, and after him by the Speaker of the Ilouse. The governor may 
veto a bill, but two-thirds of both houses subsequently voting in favor of the rejected bill, makes it law nevertheless. 

The executive oflBcers of the government of the State are — a Secrctar}- of State, a State Treasurer, a Comptroller- 
general, a Sur\'eyor-general, and a State Librarian. The Keeper of the Penitentiary, Commissioner of the Deaf and 
Dumb, and State Printer, come under this head. 

The Judiciary consists of a Supreme Court, Superior Courts, and courts of inferior jurisdiction. The Supreme Court, 
for the correction of errrors, consists of three judges, one of which is chief judge, elected by the General Assembly for 
such term as the law may provide, and are removable upon address of two-thirds of each bouse. The ju<iges of tho 
Superior Court are elected for sLx years, with jurisdiction exclusive in criminal cases and in land cases, and concurrent 
in all other civil cases. Justices of the inferior courts are elected by the people in districts. All judges have fixed 
salaries. The State is divided into thirteen circuits with a judge for each, viz.: Northern, Eastern, Southern, Western, 
Middle, Ocmulgee, Flint, Chattahoochee, Cherokee, Coweta, South-western, Macon, and Blue Kidge. Savannah and 
Augusta have special courts of Oyer and Terminer. Each county elects an "ordinary,'' who holds office for four years, 
and has the ordinary jurisdiction of a judge of probate. Sheriffs are appointed for two years, but not for two terms ia 
succession. 

On the institution of slavery, the constitution provides, that "There shall be no importation of slaves from Africa or 
any foreign place after October Ist, 179S, nor shall the legislature have power to free slaves without the owner's consent, 
or to prevent immigrants ft-om bringing with them persons deemed slaves by any one of the United States. Slaves are 
protected in their persons, like free white persons, except in case of insurrection, and unless their " death should happen 
from accident in giving such slaves moderate correction." Amendments to the constitution, if passed by two-thirds of 
each house, shall be published six months before the next election of members of the General Assembly ; and if passed 
In the same manner at the first session thereafter, shall be adopted. 

The inilitia of Georgia consists of 78,699 men of all grades and arms, of which 5,050 are commissioned officers, and 
73,649 nnn-eommissioned ofiicers, musicians, and privates. Of the commissioned officers 89 arc general officers, 91 
general staff officers, 624 field officers, and 4,290 company officers. 

The State heiuvolent institutions are an Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb, under the management of commissioners, 
and another for Lunatics, in the hands of trustees. 

Finances, DeU^ etc—Tha balance in the treasury on the 20th October, 1?49, amounted to $354,697 52", and the receipts 
into the treasury during the next fiscal year amounted to $355,226 98— total means for the year $709,924 50. Dislmrse- 
ments for the same period $355,440 00, and balance remaining $354,484 50; less unavailing for execution warrants 
$266.746i00, leaving an actual balance of $67,738 50. The public debt of the Stale amounted to $1,829,072 22, and the 
bonds have from IS to 20 years to run. Of this sum $72,000 aro in sterling bonds, sold to Messrs. IJeid, Irving & Co., of 
London, England, and the remainder Federal bonds. TIr- eemi-annual dividends, as well as the principal of the sterling 
bonds, are payable in London. The whole annual interest on the debt is $110,223 .33. A committee of the legislature 
appointed to examine the State accounts in 1851, recommended that the balance then in the Iroasurj' should be applied 
to the redemption of the sterling bonds, and the State has a sinking fund for the ultimate redemption of the whole debt as 
it becomes due. The chief sources of income are the general tax and a special tax on bank stock. The principal items 
of expenditure are the pay of the legislature biennially, about $65,000, of the civil establishment, including judiciary, 
annually, about $45,000; the support of the Deaf and Dumb Asylum, about $17,000; printing, an annual average of 
about $6,000, and miscellaneous expenses, about $12,000 annually. The items of interest on and reduction of the debt 
are additional to these. The assessed value of taxable property in the Slate in 1850 was $335,116,225. 

Federal J^eprejientation.—Gcorg'm, in accordance with the pr.sent law regulating the distribution of members to the 
United States House of Kepresenlalives, occupies eight seats in that body. 
248 



GEO 



GER 



RHigiaui Statistics, — The census nf ISSO returns the several religious denominations, in reference to the churches, 
church accomniodatiou, and church properly of each, as follows : 



Val. 



S21 . 


. 310,003 


5 . 


. I.TIO 


1 . 


250 


19 . 


. S,9T5 


. 5. 


. 1,6>0 


3 . 


500 



, $390,8111 

, 12,(150 

2,700 



109,910 

2,650 

400 



Denominn- No. . 

tions. ClHircl 

Jewish — 

Lutheran 8 


I Cliurcl 

, 2,S25 


Mennonite .. — 


— 


Methodist... 785 
Moravian... 1 
Presbyterian 92 


. 233,143 

75 

. 39,996 


K. Catholic.. 8 
Swedenbo'n. — 


. 4,'2-^iO 



$- 

34,S50 



393,743 

25 

21S.S05 

79,500 



Denomin.v No. of 


Cln.rcl, 


v..l..e .,r 


Ijiiiis. Chutclies. 


.ICt.lll. 


lfn[.ert}. 


Tunkcr .... — .. 


— .. 


*- 


Uninn IG .. 


7,250 . 


21,100 


Vnitiirian. .. — .. 


— . 


— 


L'nivcraulist. 3 .. 


900 . 


1,000 


Minor Sects. T .. 


1,375 . 


l,i;:i5 



Total.... 1,723 .. 612,892.. $1,26U,159 



, forms the 



Baptist . . . 
Cliristian. . 
Congregat'l . 
Dutch Uef.. 
Episcopal. . 

Free 

Friends 

German Uef 

Georgia is a diocese of ihe Protestant Episcopal Church, and wilh all Florida east of Appalachicola Bav 
Eoman Catholic diocese of Savannah. 

£}htcation.— The State of Georgia in 1S50 had 23 colleges or universities, 237 academies and high schools, and S22 
commoa or primary schools. The chief collegiate institutions were, the University at Athens, founded in 17-^5, and in 
1S50 had 3 professors, 646 alumni, of which 65 were in the ministry, and 155 students, and a library of l:>,6uil volumes; 
Oglethorpe College, founddl 1836, and located at Medway, had 6 professors, S3 alumni (13 ministers), 85 students, and a 
hbrary of 4,5(J0 volumes; Emory College, founded 1S37 at Oxford, and belonging to the Methodijits. had 5 professors, 133 
alumni (16 ministers), 115 students, and 1,700 volumes; Mercer University, founded 1S3S at Peiifield, had 7 professors, 
32 alumni (10 ministers), 71 studenL-, and 3,400 volumes; and Wesleyan Female College at Macon, foun.led ls;i9, had 
8 professors, 156 alumni, and 19S students. The academies had 400 teachers and 14,296 students, and the common or 
primary schools 2,003 teachers and '24,0W schools. 

Pauperism and Crime.— The whole number of persons who received support from the public funds wiiliin the year 
ending 1st June, 1S50, was 1,036, of whom 973 were native t)om and 53 foreigners ; and the number of paupers at that 
date was 354—825 natives and 29 foreigners. Annual cost of support $27,820. The whole number of persons convicted 
of crime in the year ending as above was 31, of whom 23 were natives and 3 foreign born; and the whole number m 
prison at that date was 92. The State Penitentiary is located at Milledgeville. 

IIi.^torical Sketch.— Georgia was the last settled of the old States ; the Charter under which the colony was founded 
was granted in 1732 by George II.— in honor of whom it received its name — to the Trustees for the Establisiiing tlie 
Colony of Georgia. The double purpose of making the settlement was to relieve the distresses of the poor at home, and to 
secure the frontiers of the Carolinas from the Indians and Spaniards. In 1733 General Oglethorpe, one of the truslees. con- 
ducted the first colonists to the Savannah, and several bodies of Germans and Highlanders were soon after brought over. 
The lauds were held on a militarj^ tenure. The country was repeatedly traversed by the Spaniards from Florida, wlio 
considered the occupation of the English as an encroachment upon their domain. In 1752 the proprietary govL-riimmt 
was abolished, and Georgia became a royal colony. The original limits of the State included the territory now divided 
into the two thriving States of Alabama and Mississippi. 

At the eomraencement of the Ucvolutionary War, Georgia was only in the infancy of her strength, and had just begun 
to enjoy peace and the advantages of a better system of government. Tht- inliabiiants knew the operation of (he royal 
government only by its favorable contrast with that of the Trustees. Notwithstanding, the peojile did not hesitate to take 
pari with their northern brethren. During the war that ensued, Georgia was overrun by the British troops, and the 
priticipal Inhabitants were compelled to abandon their possessions and fly into the neighboring States. In proportion to 
their numbers, the exertions and losses of her citizens were as great as in any of the Slates. 

After the war Georgia suffered on her frontiers from the incursions of the Creek Indians, whose hostility had been too 
oflen provoked by the wliiles. In 1790 a treaty was concluded with this nation, by which the boundaries of Georgia 
were established. In 1S02 the Creeks ceded to the United States a large tract of country, which has since been ceded by 
the United States to Georgia, and forms the south-west corner of the State. Georgia possessed — as included within her 
liuiit3_a claim to an immense bo<ly of "Western land, of which in 1795 the Legislature sold a large portion, said to have 
contained 22,000,000 acres, to a company, by which it was again sold to individuals. In the succeeding year the Legisla- 
ture declared the sale unconstitutional, and on the ground that it was obtained through bribery, they declared it to be 
void, and ordered all the records to be burned. In 1302 Georgia cedeil to the United States all the lands west of [to 
Chattahoochee River, and of a certain line including the contested lands; and in 1314 Congress passed an act by which 
a compromise was made with the purchasers, who received a certain amount of pubUc stock. The history of Georgia 
since this period records no territorial or government changes; but it is full of instruction, recording the gradual progress 
of a jjcople in the arts, agriculture, m.anufaclures, and commerce, from a small beginning to an elevation attained by few 
other members of the Confederation, in the escutcheon of which this State is oue of the brightest stars. 

Milledgeville is the political capital of the State. 



Geop.gla, t. and p. v., Franklin co., Venn. : 41 ra. N. "W. 
Montpelier. Drained in the \. by creeks of Lake Cliam- 
plain, which bounds it on the W., and in the S. by Lamoille 
r., which furnishes water-power. Along the lake the sur- 
face is level — otherwise somewhat hilly; soil in the S. sand, 
and covered with pine growths. The v. lies on the Ver- 
mont Central It. K., 43 m. from Montpelier. In the I. there 
are several tanneries and mills, but the industry of the in- 
habitants is chiefly devoted to agriculture. Pop. 2,636. 

Geuman, t. and p. v., Chenango co., JV^ Y.: 106 m. W. 
Albany. Drained by affluents of Otselic and Chenango 
rivt-rs. Surface hilly; soil of moderate fertility auil good 
for grazing. The v. is situate near the centre, and is a 
email agricultural settlement. Pop. of t 903. 

German, t. and p. o., Darke co., Ohio : 94 m. "W. Colum- 

U2 



bus. Drained by tributaries of Greenville cr. of Miami r. 
Surface varied by hills; soil rich and fertile. Pop. l,riii_'. 

Gebmanna, p. v., Orange co., Fi'V. ; 69 m. N. Vf. 
Paehmond. 

Gef.makno, p. 0., Harrison co., Ohio: 112 m. E. X. E. 
Columbus. 

Geksian SErrLR\rENT, p. o., Preston co., Vir{/. : a flour- 
ishing vihage and settlement, ISS m. N. "W. Richmond. It 
contains numerous mills, mechanic shops, etc., and about 
600 inhabitants. 

Germanton, p. v., Stokes co., iV: Car. : on Town fork of 
Dan r, 93 m. W. N. W. Raleigh. It was. until 1*^51. cap- 
ital of the county, and contains the old court-house, a jail, 
etc., several stores, and about 200 inhabitants. 

GERMiNTOWN, t. and p. o., Columbia co., K T. : 33 m. 

249 



GER 



GIL 



8. Albany. Drained by Hudson r., which is its W. bound- 
ary. Surface gently undulating; soil, clayey loam, and 
fertile. I'op. 1,U22. There are several buildings, with 
stores, etc., on Hudson r., and the Hudson Eiver E. R. 
passes through the town. 

Gebmantown, p. v., Marion co., Ind. : on Fall cr., 15 ra. 
N. E. Indianapolis. 

Germantown, p. v., Mason co., Ky, : 69 m. E. N. E. 
Frankfort. 

Germantowit, p. v., Montgomery co., Ohio: in a beauti- 
ful valley near the junction of Big and Little Twin creeks 
of Miami r., and surrounded on the N. and E. by liills, 77 
m. \V. S. W. Columbus. It is a thriving place with several 
manufactures and mechanic shops, and has about 2,000 in- 
habitants. It has a newspaper, the " Western Emporium," 
a weekly issue. It was settled by Germans from Penn- 
eylvania. 

Germantown, t. and p. t., Philadelphia co., Peiin. : S9 
m. E. by S. Harrisburg. Drained by "Wissihicken and 
"Wingohocking creeks. Surface hilly; soil, loam and allu- 
vial bottoms. The v. lies 6 m. N. W. of Philadelphia, and 
may be considered as one of its suburbs ; it is principally 
built on one street about 3 m. long, and contains numerous 
stores and mechanic shops. It is connected with Philadel- 
phia by the Germantown Branch E. E. Germantown is 
lirited as the scene of a great Eevolulionary battle, fought 
in October, 1777. The t has several extensive manufactur- 
ing establishments, and in 1S50 contained 8,304 inhabitants. 

Germantown, p. v., Shelby co., Te7i7i. : on the Memphis 
and Charlestown E. K., 17 m. ft"om Memphis and 182 m. 
W. S. W. Nashville. 

G ek.mastowNj p. v., Fauquier co., Tirg. : 72 m. N. N. "W. 
Eicbmond. 

GERMANTO\nf, p. v., Clinton co., III.: 87 m. S. by E. 
Springfield. 

German Valley, p. o., Morris county, 2^. Jer.: 53 m. 
N. by E. Trenton. 

Germansville, p. v., Edgefield dist., S, Car. : on Cloud's 
cr. of Saluda r., 36 m. W. Columbia. 

Gerrardstown, p. v., Berkeley county, Yirg. : 139 m. 
N. by W. Richmond. 

Geerv, t. and p. v., Chautauque county, X. Y. : 273 m. 
W. by S. Albany. Drained by Cassadaga cr. and its tribu- 
taries. Surface undulating; soil gravelly loam, and well 
cultivated. It has a number of mills on the streams, but 
is essentially agricultural in its industry. Pop. 1,422. 

Gettvsbukgh, p. v., Preble co., Ohio: 93 m. W. by S. 
Columbus. 

GKTTYSBURon, p. b., and cap. Adams co., Penn. : on the 
heads of Monocacy r., 33 ra. S. S. W. Harrisburg. It cou- 
toins a court-house, jail, etc., has several manufactures, and 
contains 2,1S0 inhabitants. The place is supplied with 
water by pipes from a neighboring spring. Here is located 
Hie Theological Seminary of the Lutheran Church. This 
institution was founded in 1S25, and in 1?50 had 2 profes- 
sors, 22G alumni, and 26 students; and a library of 9,000 
Toluraes. Four periodicals are published in the borough, 
viz. : the " Adams Sentinel'' (whig), the " Star and Banner" 
(whig), and the " Republican Compiler" (dem.), all weekly, 
l^ues, and the " Review" (whig), a monthly issue. Gettys- 
burg is a place of considerable trade, and when connected 
with the system of railroads of the State will become a very 
important centre. It is surrounded by a fine agricultural 
country. Pop. 2,1S0. 

GuENT, p. v., Carroll co., Kt/. : on the S. bank of the 
Ohio r., opposite Vevay, 37 m. N. by W. Frankfort. It is 
a pleasant v., and contains 8 churches, a tobacco manu- 
factory, 7 stores, and about 400 inhabitants. 

Ghent, t. and p. v., Columbia co., J^. Y. : 24 m. S. by E. 
Albany. Drained by Clavcrack cr., on which are mills. 
Surface broken ; soil gravelly loam. The v. contains about 
800 inhabitants. The Ilariem E. E., and also the Hudson 
and Berkshire E. E., pass through the t. Pop. 2,293. 
250 



GnoLsoN, p. V.J Noxubee county, Miss. : 95 m. E. N. E 
Jackson. 

GnoLsoNTTLLK, p. V., Brunswick co., Yirg. : on the N. 
side of Meherin r., 58 m. S. by W. Richmond. 

Gibbon's Tavern, p. o., Delaware co., Penn.: 81 m, 
E. S. E. Harrisburg. 

Gibb'6 Cross Roads, p. o., Cumberland co., 2^. Car. 

GinnviLLE, p. v., Sheboygan co., WUc: on the "W. side 
of Onion r., a. branch of Sheboygan r., 89 m. E. N. E. 
Madison. 

GiBESONViLLE, p. V., Hocking CO., Ohio: 47 m. S. E. 
Columbus. 

Gibraltar, p. v., TiTa^Tie co., 3fich. : on the W. bank of 
Detroit r., at its entrance into Lake Erie, f>4 m. S. E. Lans- 
ing. The harbor is good and baa a light-house. The 
Gibraltar and Clinton Canal, terminating here, has never 
been finished, but affords a good head of water for manu- 
facturing purposes. The v. is small and not progressive. 

Gibson county, Iiid, Situate S. W., and contains 513 
sq. m. Drained by the Patoka and other streams. The 
Wabash lies on its W. and White r. on its N. border. Sur- 
face agreeably undulating and generally well timbered ; 
soil, loam and sand, and very productive. Farms 1.220; 
manuf. 23; dwell. 1,833, and pop.— wh. 10.554, fr. col. 217— 
total 10.771. CajnUd: Princeton. PiiUio Works: "Wa- 
bash and Erie Canal, and EvansvHle and Illinois R. E. 

Gibson, t. and p. o., Susquehannab co., Penn. : 123 m. 
N. N. E. Harrisburg. Drained by Tunkhannoc and Lack- 
awannoc creeks. Surface hilly ; soil clay and gravel. It is 
almost wholly agricultural, and contains 1.344 inhabitants. 

Gibson, p. v., Pike co., Ohio: 61 m. S. Columbus. 

Gibson, p. v., Steuben county, Al Y. : 1S4 m. W. by S. 
Albany. 

Gibson's Wells, p. c, Gibson county, Tenn. : 123 m. 
W. by S. Nashville. 

GiBsoN^TLLE, p. T., Livingston county, K Y. : 213 ra. 
W. by N. Albany, 

Gidley's Station, p. o., Jackson county, Mich. : 35 m. 
S. by E. Lansing. 

Gilberts BOROUGH, p. v., Limestone co., Ala.: 176 m. 
N. by W. Montgomery. 

Gilbert's Mills, p. o., Oswego county, Al Y. : 143 ni. 
W. N. W. Albany. 

Gilbertsville, p. v., Otsego co., A^ K ; on a branch of 
Unadilla r, 81 m. W. by 8. Albany. 

GiLBOA, t. and p. v., Schoharie co., A^ F! .* 38 ra. W. S.W. 
Albany. Drained by Schoharie cr. ard its branches. Sur- 
face varied— in the W. billy ; soil rich and fertile. The v. is 
located on Schoharie cr., and has several manufactures, 
mills, etc., and about 300 inhabitants. Blenheim is also a 
V. in this town. Pop. 3,024. 

GiLBOA, p. v., Putnam co., Ohio : on the N. side of 
Blanchard's fork of Auglaize r., 87 m. N. W. Columbus. 

GiLBOA, p. o., Louisa co., Yirg. : 53 m. N. W. Eichmond. 

Gilchrist's Bridge, p. o., Marion dist., S. Car: 93 m. 
E. Columbia. 

GiLciTRiSTviLLE, p. V., DauphiH CO., Penn. 

Gilder, p. v., Greenville dist., S. Car.: 112 m. N. W. 
Columbia. 

GiLEAD, p. o., Ijpshur county, Tex. : 24S m. N. E. 
Austin City. 

GiLEAD, t. and p. o., Oxford co.. Me. : 59 m. W. Augusta. 
Drained by Androscoggin r., which runs from W. to E. 
through it. Surface rough and billy, and except on the 
river, fit only for grazing. The Atlantic and St. Lawrence 
E. E. traverses the S. bank of the Androscoggin. P. 359. 

GiLEAD, p. v., Tolland co.. Conn. : 16 m. E. S. E. Hartford. 

GiLEAD, p. v., Miami co., Ind. : 89 m. N. Indianapolis. 

GiLEAD, p. v., Calhoun co., Jll.: on the E. side of the 
Mississippi, at the foot of the Blufl's, which are here about 
2 m. back from the river, 71 nL S. W. Springfield. 

GiLEAD, t. and p. o., Branch co., Mich. : 71 m. S. S. W. 
Lansing. Drained by Prairie and Fawn rlvera of the St. 



GIL 



GLA 



Joseph's. Surface diversified; soil fertile and deep mold. 
It is one of the best farming sections of tlie State. P. 503. 

GiLEAD, sta., Morrow co., Ohio: a station on the line of 
the Cleveland, Columhus, and Cincinnati It. K.,43 m. from 
Columbus. 

GiLEAiJ, p. v., Wood CO., Ohio : on the S. side of Maiimee 
river, opposite Providence, lOS m. N. W. Columbus. 

Giles county, Virg. Situate S. "VV., and contains BS4 
sq. ni. Drained by Sinking, IJig and Little Stony, Walker's 
and Wolf creeks, branches of New r., a head of Kauawlia, 
and by heads of the James r. It is very elevated, baing 
2,000 feet above the ocean. Surface much broken, and 
in parts stony ; soil on the numerous streams very rich. 
It is celebrated for its White and Grey Sulphur Springs. 
The grains are raised liberally, and tobacco and sugar to 
some extent. Farms 539 ; manuf. ; dwell. 919, and pop. — 
wh. 5,859. fr. col. 54, si. 657— toUil 6,570. Capital: Giles 
Court-house (Pari:^burg). 

Giles Couut-House, p. o., and cap. Giles co., Virg. : in 
tlie v. of I'arisburg, on the left bank of New river, 182 m. 
W. by S. liichmond. Immediately below the village the 
ri\er passes through a gap of Peter's Mountain, a branch 
of the Great Alleghany Mountains. 

Gilford, t, p. v., and cap. Belknap co., j\' Uamp. : 26 
m. N. by E. Concord. Drained by Gun-stock and Miles 
rivers, and the heads of Suncook r. Wiunipiseogee Lake 
lies on its N. border, and on the S. E. part of the L is Sun- 
ctiok Mountain. There are seven islands in the lake be- 
longing to Gilford. The soil is generally productive and 
well cultivated. In the t. there are many mills and facto- 
ries, chiefly of cotton goods. Pop. 2,425. The Boston. 
Concord, and Montreal K. P. passes through the E. part 
of the town. 

Gilford Village, p. v., Belknap co., K. ITamp.: at the 
outlet of Winnipiseogee Lake, 25 ra. N. by E. Concord. It 
is a pleasant and thriving village. 

Gill, t. and p. o., Franklin co., Mmis. : 97 m. W. by N. 
Boston. The Connecticut r. forms iU E. and S. boundaries, 
and along its banks are extensive meadows. Fall r., on the 
W.. diviiles the t. from Greenfield. Surface mountainous, 
but generally fertile, and the people are chiefly engaged in 
farniiug. It has, however, several small manufactories. 
Pop. r.M, 

Gilleland Creek, p. o., Travis co., Tea*. : on a creek of 
Eio Colorado so called, 16 m. E. S. E. Austin City. 

Gillespie county, Teo", Situate centrally, and contains 
about 2,200 sq. m. Drained by Sandy cr., Pedernales r.. and 
nio Llano, affluents to the Colorado, which parses ils N. E. 
corner. Surface much diversified — parts hilly and rough, 
but most of it rolling or level ; soil fertile, and well ailaj)led 
to grain and pasturage. Farms 40; manuf. 7; dwell. 274, 
and pop.— wh. 1,235, fr. col. 0, si. 5— total 2,240. Capital : 
Fredericksburg. 

GiLi.ESPiEviLLE, p. V., Koss countv, Ohio: 49 m. S. 
Columbus. 

Gill Hall, p. o., Alleghany county, Penii.: 171 in. W. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Gili.ion"s. p. o., Baker county, Gn. : on the E. side of a 
branch of lehawaynochawaycr., 131 m. S.W. Milledgoville. 

GiLLioNsviLLE, p. v., Bcaufort dist., S. Car. : 120 m. S. 
Columbia. 

Gill's Mills, p. o., Bath co.. Kij. : 73 m. E. Frankfort. 

Gill's Store, p. o., Lincoln county, Teim. : 72 m. S. 
Nashville. 

GiLL.svn.LE,p. v., Hall county, Ga. : on Hudson's Fork of 
Broad r., 93 m. N. N. W. Mille.lgeville. 

GiLMAS, t. and p. o., Hamilton co.,y.Y. : 72 m.N.N.W. 
Albany. This is a lon^, narrow township, extending N. 
from Saeandaga r, nearly 40 m. It has a number of lakes 
and streams, which afford fine water-power. The surface 
is diversified— In the N. hilly, and most of it is yet a wil- 
derness. T'op. im, 

Gu^ANTON, t. and p. o., Belknap co., A'. Ilamp. : 19 m. 



N. by E. Concord. Drained by Suncmik and Soucixjfc 
rivers. Surface hilly; soil generally fertile. It is the seat 
of a flourishing academy, to which is attached " Gilmauton 
Theological Seminary." This seminary, founded in l'>:i5, 
had in 1S50 3 professors, 23 students, and 69 had completed 
their educational courses. The library contains 4,3C(0 vols. 
Pop. oft. 8,282. 

GiLMANTows IiioN- Works, p. v., Belknap county, ,V. 
I/iimp. : on a branch of Suncook river, 17 ni. N. N. K. 
Concord. 

Gilmer county, Ga. Situateon N. line, and contains 79-3 
sq. m. Drained by Tocco r., an aifluont of Tennessee r., 
an«l Coosawattee, a head of Alabama r. Surface elevated 
and broken; soil good and well watered. Cotton, corn, 
wheat, and tobacco are the staples. Farms 577 ; manuf. 5; 
dwell. 1,396, and pop.— wh. S,236, fr. col. 4, si. 200— total 
S,440. Cipital: Ellijay. 

GiLMEK coimty, Virg. Situate N. W., and contains 644 
sq. ra. Drained by Little Kanawha r. and its numerous 
allluents. Surface diversified; soils good. Coal and salt 
springs are abundant in this portion of the State, and add 
much to the resources of the inhabitants. The cereals are 
likewise successfully cultivated. Farms S2."i ; manuf. 2; 
dwell. 571, and pop. — wh. 8,403, fr. col. u, si. 72— total 3,475. 
Capital: Glenville. 

Gilmer, p. v., Lake eo., III. : equidistant between Fox 
and Desplaines rivers, 1S6 m. N. E. Springfii-M. It standi 
on a fine elevated prairie, interspersed with groves of hand- 
some timber. 

Gilmer, p. o., and cap. Tpshur co., Tex. : on an upper 
branch of Little Cypress r., 153 ra. N. E. Austin City. 

Gilmer's Store, p. o., Guilford county, N. Car. : &3 ni. 
W. N. W. Kaleigh. 

GiLOPOLis, p. v., Eobeson county, A^ Citr.: 112 m. S. 
Raleigh. 

Gii^tTM, t. and p. v., Cheshire co., y. Ilainp.: 39 in. 
W. S. W. Concord. Drained by Ashuelot r., which fur- 
nishes water-power. The v. on the N. side oflhe river has 
considerable manufactures. Pop. oft. GG6. 

Ginger Hill, p. o., Washington co., Penn. : 1ST m. 
W. by S. Ilarrisburg. 

Ginseng, p. o., Wyoming county, Virg. : 246 m.W. by N. 
Richmond. 

Gis Town, p. v., Irwin county, Ga.: 117 m. S. by W. 
Milledgeville. 

GiRARD, p. v., Russell CO., Ala. : on the W. side of Chat- 
tahoochee r., and opposite Columbus, 70 ra. E. Montgomery 
A railroad, in continuation of the Muscogee It. R. of Georgia, 
is i)rojected from this point to Mobile. 

GiRAED, t. and p. v., Branch co., Mich. : 53 ra. S. S. W. 
Lansing. Drained by Hog r. of the St. Joseph's, and there 
are several small lakes in the town. Surface level ; soil rich. 
The village lies centrally on the S. side of the river, and is a 
small agricultural settlement. Pop. oft. 934. 

GiEARn, p. v., Burke co., Ga. : 79 m. E. Milledgeville. 

GiRARP, p. T., Trumbull county, Ohio: 143 m. X. E. 
Columbus. 

GiRARD, t. and p. v., Erie county, Penn.: 221 m. N. W. 
Ilarrisburg. Drained by creeks of Lake Erie. Surface 
diversified ; soils fertile. Lake Erie bounds it on the N. 
The v. lies on the line of the Franklin Canal Company's 
R. R., 15 m. W. S. W. Erie, and the North Braneh Canal 
crosses tho township. Pop. oft. 2,91S. 

Gladdes's Geovk, p. o., Fairfield dist., S. Car. : 37 m. N. 
Columbia. 

Glade Hill, p. o., Franklin co., Virg. : 146 m. W. S.W. 
Richmond. 

Glade Mills, p. o., Butler co., Pen7i.: 173 m. W. N". W. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Glade Mints, p. o.. Hall co., Ga. : 106 m. N. N. W. 
Milledgevill.-. 

Glade Run, p. o., Armstrong co., Penn. : 156 m.W. N. W. 
Ilarrisburg. 

2S1 



GLA 

GlADE SpniXG, p. o., Harrison co., Ttx.: 172 ni. X. E. 
Austin City. 

Glades Cnoss Eoads, p. o., Putnam co., Ga. : on a branch 
of Little r., 21) m. N. W. Millcdgcville. 

GtADE SpmsG. p. o., Wasliington co., Tirg. : on a cr. of 
Middle Fork of llolston r., 246 ra. W. S. W. r.ielimond. 
The Viririnia and Tennessee K. E. will pass this point. 

Gi.ADEviLLE, p. v., Preston co., Tii-ff. : 173 m. N. W. 
Eichmond. 

Gladwi.v county, MieTi. Situate N. centrally of Lower 
Peninsula, and contains 676 sq. m. Drained by TilUba- 
w.assee r., on affluent of Saginaw r. Surface level or undu- 
lating ; soil heavily timbered in part ; the rest adapted to 
grass and grain — a good farming region. Set off since the 
year 1S60. 

Gladv Ceeek, p. 0., Randolph co., Tliv. : 16S m. N. W. 
Eichmond. 

Glasco. p. v., Ulster Co., JK 3'. ; on the W. side of Hudson 
river, 43 m. S. by W. Albany. Esopus cr. empties itself 3 m. 
to Ute N. It has a good landing, and is noted for th ■ ex- 
tent of its brick-yards. Pop. about 850. 

Glasgow, p. v.. Newcastle co., 7>r?. ; on Christian cr., 
82 m. N. by W. Dover. The Newcastle and Frenchtown 
E. E. passes through it 11 m. from Newcastle. 

Glasgow, p. v., and cap. Barren county, Ki/. : a short 
distance E. of Beaver Branch of Big Barren r., 97 m. 8. W. 
Frankfort. It contains a court-house, jail, etc.. and about 
20IJ inlialiilants. The line of the Nashville and Lexington 
K. P.., as projected, will pass through the village. 
Glasgow, p. v., Scott co., lU. : 46 m. W. S. W. Springfield. 
Glasgow, p. v., Jefferson county, la. : on a cr. of Big 
Cedar er., 58 m. S. by W. Iowa City. 

Glasgow, p. v., Howard CO., Mo. : on the left bank of 
Missouri r., 6S m. N. W. Jefferson City. It is a thriving v., 
and has considerable river trade. Two newspapers, the 
'•Howard County Banner," and the "O. 'Weekly Times," 
are published here. Pop. about 1,600. 

Glasgow, p. v., Columbiana Co., Ohio: 136 m. E. N. E. 
Columbus. 

GLAssnoEoncn. p. v., Gloucester county, A\ Jer. : 4.3 m. 
S. by W. Trenton. It has several glass-houses and stores, 
and about 150 inhabitants. 

Glass Ckeek, p. o., Barry co., Midi.: 43 m. W. S. yf. 
Lansing. 

Glass Village, p. v., Conway co.. Art. : on the Vi'. side 
of Port Eemove cr., 52 m. N. W. Little Kock. 

Glastesburt, t. and p. v., Hartford co.. Conn.: 8 m. S. 
Hartford. Drained by creeks falling into Connecticut r., 
which makes its E. boundary. Surface rough ; soil fertile. 
The V. on Eoariog Brook, about 2 m. from Connecticut r., is 
engaged in manufactures. Pop. of t, 3,399. 

Glen, t. and p. o., Montgomery CO., y. Y. : 86 m.W. N.W. 
Albany. Drained by Schoharie and other creeks of Mo- 
hawk r., which latter forms its N. boundary. Surface hilly ; 
soil clayey loam. The Eric Canal traverses the Mohawk 
Valley, on which are the villages of FulUmviUe and Aurics- 
Tillc. Pop. of t. 8.043. 
Gles, p. o., M'Kean Co., Pmn. : 144 m. N.W. Ilarrisburg. 
Glexalta, p. o., Marion county, Ga.: 100 in. W. S. Vf. 
Millcdgcville. From this point streams flow in E., and S., 
and Vt. directions. 
Glen Brook, p. o., Hartco., Ky. : SI m. S.TV. Frankfort. 
Glenbukn, t. and p. o., Penob.scot co.. Me. : 65 m. N. K. 
Augusta. Drained by Kenduskeag stream, which also 
affords water-power. The v. is hxated on the borders of a 
large pond on the E. border of the town. Population of 
town, 9 5. 

Glencoe, p. v., Gallatin county, Ay. .■ 42 m. N. by E. 
Frankfort. , „ _ 

Glescoe, p. T., Bolivar co., Mhs. : 112 m. N. N. W. 
Jackson. 

Glen Cove, p. v.. Queens Co., X. T. : at the head of Glen 
Cove an arm of Hempstead Harbor. 113 m. S. Albany. It 
252 



GLO 

is a pleasant village, and is much resorted to in s\immer by 
the citizens of New York, with which it is connected by 
regular .steamboats. 

Glenuale, p. v., Berkshire CO., 3fa«s.: on the W. bank 
of the llousatonic r., where it is crossed by the llousatonie 
E. E., 118 m. Vf. Boston. 

Glen Dale, p. o., Muscatine co., la. : 33 m. E. S. E. 
Iowa City. 

Glenfixlas, p. v., Jefferson CO., .Vi>. : on the right bank 
of Big r. of the Maramec, SS m. E. S. E. Jefferson City. 

Glexham, p. v., Duchess CO., A'. Y. : on Fishkillcr., about 
8 m. from Hudson r., 73 m. S. Albany. This is a thriving 
village, chiefly engaged in the manufacture of iron, wool, 
etc., and containing about SOO inhabitants. It has immense 
water-power. 

Glen Hope, p. o., Clcarfleld Co., Perm. : 102 m. N. W. 
Harrisburg. 
Glexmobe,p. v., Oneida CO., y. Y. 
Glenmoee, p. o., Buckingham county, Viri/. : 61 m. W. 
Eichmond. 

Glexn Gkotk, p. o., Fayeltc co., Ga.: S3 m. W. N. W. 
Milledgeville. 

Glenn Mills, p. o., Culpepper co., rirff. : 73 m. N. N. W. 
Eichmond. 
Glenn's, p. 0., Gloucester CO., Virff. : 69 m. E. Eichmond. 
Glenn's, p. o., Clark county, la. : 128 m. Vf. S. Vf. 
Iowa City. 

Glenn's Fall!?, p. v., Warren Co., If. Y.: on the left 
bank of the Hudson r., 41 m. N. Albany. This is a great 
manufacturing v., and contains mills of all descriptions, 
furnaces, tanneries, etc., and about ■i,500 inhabilanLs. Two 
newsp.apers, the "G.F.Clarion" (whig1, and the "G. F. 
Eepubliean" (dem.), are issued weekly. The falls at this 
place have a total descent of 50 feet, and afford extensive 
water-power, by which a vast amount of machinery is 
moved. Abridge. 500 feet long, crosses the Hudson. Tho 
feeder of the Clramplain Canal affords a navigable commu- 
nication with the canal. 

Glenn Springs, p. v., Spartanburgh dist., S. Cai: : on 
Fair Forest cr., 7S m. N. Vf. Columbia. 

Glesnville, p. v., Barbour co., Ahi. : on Cowikce cr. 
of Chattahoochee r., 69 m. E. S. E. Montgomery. 
Glen Eock, p. o., York Co., Penn. 
Glenville, t. and p. o., Schenectady eo.. X. Y. : 22 m. 
N. W. .Vlbany. Drained by tributaries of Mohawk r.. which 
is its S. boundarv-. Delplass er. crosses the K. part of the t., 
and falls into the Mohawk. The v. contains about twenty 
dwellings. The industry of the t. is chiefly devoted to agri- 
culture. Pop. 8,409. The Utica and Schenectady E. E., 
and the Saratoga and Schenectady E. E., traverse the Mo- 
hawk Valley through this town. 

LEN\nLLE, p. v., Fairfield county, Conn. ; 64 m. S. W. 
Hartford. 

Glenville, p. v., and cap. Gilmer county. Virg. : on tho 
S. side of Little Kanawha r., 20S m. W. N. Vf. Eichmond. 

Glen Vf ald, p. c, Sullivan county, X. Y. : SO m. S. S.Vf. 
Albany. 
Glexwood, p. T., Erie co., X. Y. : 243 m.W. Albany. 
Globe, p. o., Caldwell co., X. Car. : 1«9 m. VI. by N. 
Ealeigh. 
Globe, p. o., .Johnson eo.. Mo. : 97 m. Vf. Jefferson City. 
Gloucester county, -V. Jer. Situate S. W., and contains 
237 sq. m. Drained by Great Egg Harbor r, flowing into 
tho Atlantic, Maurice r, fiowing into Delaware Bay. and 
affluents of Delaware r, which lies on the W. Surface 
even: soil on the Delaware productive, and under lino 
cultivation, largely supplying I'hiladi-lphia with fruit ami 
vi'gctables ; in the interior sandy, but well wimdeil wiih 
pine timber. Corn, rye, and lumber arc leading exports. 
Farms 9,'>4 ; manuf. 141 : dwell. i!.600. and pop._wh. l.=).(i.35- 
fr. col. 620— total 15.655. Capital: Woodbury. Publio 
Wo t<i : Woodbury Branch P.. E. 
Gi.otcESTEK county, Yirj. Situate S. E. on Chesapeake 



GLO 



GOL 



Bay, and contains 243 sq. m. Dr.iincd by aflluonts of 
riankilunk an'I York rivers, between wliicli it lies, and 
cri't'ks of Mobjaclv Bay. Surface broken, except on the 
riv».Ts. where the soil is very rich. Corn, wheat, and oats 
arc the chief productions ; there is also much good timber. 
Farms 573; mamif. 53; dwell. 1,000. and pop— wh. 4.290, 
fr. col. 6>0. si. 5,557— total 10,527. Capital : Gloucester C II. 
Gloucester, t. and p. v., Providence co., ^. /. ; 14 m. 
W. N. "SV. Providence. Drained by Chcpachet and Paw- 
liivcl rivers, which have good water-power. Surface 
uneven and rough ; soil of average fertility, but best 
adapted to grazing. The t. has considerable manufactures, 
and Chepachet, on the river so called, is a village of some 
celcl)rity for its productions. Pop. oft. 2,S64. 

(Jloucester, I., p. v., and port tif entry, Essex co., Mass.: 
27 m. N. by E. Boston. This is a maritime town, occupying 
the greater portion of Cape Ann, the N. boundary of Massa- 
chusetts Bay, aud the inhabitants are chiefly employed in 
navigation, commerce, and the fisheries. It has a fine har- 
bor, opt-n at all seasons, and accessible to vessels of great 
burden. Lat. 42^ 36' 44" N., and long. 70° 40' 19" W. The 
harbor and principal settlement lies on the S. side of the 
peninsula. Sandy and Squam bays lie on the N. side, and 
afTonl harbors for small vessels. On Thrasher's Island are 
two light-houses. Gloucester has three newspapers, the " G. 
News" (indep.). and the " G. Telegraph" (whig), issued semi- 
weekly, and the '* Cape Ann Light" (whig), issued weekly. 
Pop. of t. 7,S05. The statistics of the foreign commerce of 
ihe district, of which Gloucester is port of entry, for the year 
cn<ling30th June, 1S50, are as follows : Clearances, 177 (11,13S 
tons), of which IGl (S,259 tons) were foreign bottoms ; and en- 
trances, 17S(ll;667tons), of which 159 (S.lSOtons) were for- 
eign. The shipping owned in the district amounted to 22.474 
Ions, of which 2,S73 tons were registered and engaged in for- 
eign trade ; 1S,SS1 tons enrolled and Ucensed, of which 13,9S2 
tons were employed in the cod fishery, and 4,899 tons in the 
mackerel fisherj- ; and 720 tons licensed under 20 tons, of 
which 6S tons were employed in coasting and 053 tons in the 
cod fisheries; and the shipping built during the year was 
2i; seliooners, of an aggregate b\irden of 1,906 tons. 

G i.oucESTER City, p. v., Camden co., iV; Jer. : 80 m. S. VT. 
Trenton. 

Gloltester CoFnT-notsE, p. v., and cap. Gloucester co., 
Tirg. : at the head of an arm of Mobjack Bay, 57 m. 
E. S. E. Kichmond. It contains a court-house, jail, etc., 2 
academies, and ."^inut 200 inhabitants. JIany wealthy peo- 
ple reside here, and the neighborhood is one of the richest 
in Virginia. 

Gloucester Fuenace, p.v., Atlantic co., K. Jer. : on a cr. 
of Little Egg Harbor r., 4G m. S. E. Trenton. It has, be- 
sides the works from which it is named, several mills, etc., 
and about 400 inhabitants. 

Glover, t. and p. o., Orleans co., T>/*ki. ; 35 m. N". N. E. 
Montpelicr. Drained by head branches of Black and Bar- 
ton's rivers, flowing X. ; of Passumsie r.. flowing E.. and of 
Lamoille r., flowing W. It lies on an elevated watershed. 
Surface hilly, and soil indifferent. Husbandry and agricul- 
ture are the chief occupations of the inhabitants. Pop. 1,137. 
Glovesville, p. v., Fulton co., K. Y. : 42 m. N. W. 
Albany. It contains extensive manufactures of buckskin 
gloves, mittens, moccasins, etc., and hence its appellative. 
Population about 400. 

Glvmont. p. v., Charles co., Md. : on the Potomac r., 8 m. 
below Fort Washington, and 4S m. S. "W. Annapolis. 

Gltmphvhlle, p. V. Newberry dist., S. Oar. : 47 m. N.W. 
Columbia. 

Glynn county, Ga. Situate S. E. on the Atlantic, and 
contains 389 sq. m. Drained by Turtle r., Santilla r., which 
bounds its., and afllvienls of Al.itamaha r., which bounds it 
N. St Simon's and Jykill islands belong to it. Surface 
low and level; soil fertile, and bears the best of cotton and 
rice. The islands produce the Sea Island cotton, so much 
valued, and the marshes an immense amount of rice. Farms 



92; manuf. S; dwell. 145, and pop.— wh. 093, fr. col. 3, si. 
4,232— total 4,933. Capital ; Brunswick. 

GNADENuurrEs, p. v., Tuscarawas co., Ohio: on the E. 
bank of Tuscarawas r., S5 m. E. N. E. Columbus. Tlw 
Central Ohio K. R. will pass through the village. It was 
originally settled by the United Brethren, and contains a 
Moravian Church, several stores and mdls, and about 260 
inhabitants. 

Goat (or Iris) bland, A^ Y. : lies in the Niagara r. at the 
Great Falls, the waters of which divide as they descend 
over the ledge into the abyss below. This island is ap- 
proached from the American side by a bridge. Its extent 
is about G5 acres, and ils periphery about a mile. It is stil! 
well timbered. The lower end of the island is a perpen- 
dicular bank of from 80 to 100 feet; thence to the water's 
edge, below the Falls, a sloping descent of about 100 feet 
more. From points on this part of the island, l>olh the 
Falls are seen to advantage. Uere has been erected a tow- 
er called Prospect Tower, with an observatory on the top, 
and a stair-case near by to descend to the water's edge. 

GoPBULD, p. o., "U'ashita county, Ark. : &>> m. S. S. W. 
Little liock. 

GoDDAED, p. v., Rush countj, In<l. : 4^3 m. E. S. E. 
Indianapolis. 

GoDFRY, p. 0., Madison county, III : 71 m. S. S. \V. 
Springfield. 

GoFf's Coejiees, p. 0., Cumberland co., Jfe. : 3S m. S.^V. 
Augusta. 

Goff'9 Falls, sta., Hillsboro' co., X. ITamp. : on the 
Merrimac r. at the falls so called, 22 m. S. Concord. The 
Concord K. K. crosses the river at this point. 

Goffs Mills, p. o., Steuben co., JV. Y. : 192 m. W. by S« 
Albany. 

Goffstown, t. and p. v., Hillsborough co., A' Uamp.: 
14 m. S. Concord, Drained by Piseataquoag r. and a trib- 
ularj' of Merrimac r., which afford water-power. The Mer- 
rimac runs along lis E. border. Surface generally level, 
but diversified ; soil fertile and well cultivated. Amoskeag 
Falls of the Merrimac areoppo.site tliist.and have a descent 
of 4S feet in half a mile, around which is a canal. The I. 
lias consitlcrable manufactures, several villages, and 2,270 
inhabitant.*;. The New Hampshire Central P. P. crosses it 
in an E. and V^. direction. 

Goffstown Centre, p. t., Hillsborough co., X. Ilmnp.: 
on the Piscataquoag r., and on the line of the New Hamp- 
shire Central K. P., 5 m. from Manchester, and ID ra. S. 
Concord. 

GoGGiNsviLLE. p. V., FranlUiu co., Yirrj. : 134 ra.'W. S.'VT. 
liichmomi. 

Golansville, p. v., Caroline co., Yirg. : 26 m. N. Pich- 
mond. It has several mills and mechanic shops, and about 
l.'>0 inhabitants. In the vicinity there are several mineral 
springs. 

GoLcoNDA, p. v., and cap. Pope co., III. : at the entrance 
of Lusk's cr. into Ohio r., 177 m. S. S. E. Springfield, It 
contiiins a brick court-house, etc., several stores, and about 
300 inhabitants^. 

Golden Gro-\'E, p. o., Greenville dist., 51 Om\ : on the 
E. side of Saluda r.. 103 m. "W. N. "W. Columbia, or by tho 
route of the Greenville and Columbia P. P., which passes 
through it, 130 m. from Columbia. 

GoLDEX Hill, p. o., Dorchester co., Ml : 43 ra, S. E. 
Annapolis. 

Golpen Hill, p. o-iWyoming co., Penn. : 97 m. N. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Golden Hill, p. o., Chambers co., Ala. : 53 m. E. N. E. 
Montgomery. 

Golden Lake, p. o.. "Waukesha co., Wise: 56 m. E. 
Madison. 

Golden Pond, p. o., Trigg co., A>. ; 197 m. VT. S. W. 
Frankfort. 

GoLDEN's BniDGH, p. V., "Westchestcf co., X. Y.: 98 m, 
S. by K. Albany. 

268 



GOL 

Golden Speings, p, o., Anderson dist., S. Car. : on the 
W. side of Saluda r., 2 m. above Golden Grove, and 105 m. 
W. N. W. Columbia. 

Golden- Valley, p. o., Euthcrford Co., 2f. Car. : 216 m. 
W. S. Vf. Ealeigb. 

Gold Hill, p. o., Meriwether county, Ga. : 94 m. W. 
Miliedgeville. 
Gold Hill, p. o., Eowan CO., X. Car. : 106 m. W. Ealeigh. 
Gold Mike, p. o., Marion CO., Ala.: 153 m. N. W. 
Montgomery. 

Gold Mlxe, p. o., Chesterfield dist, S Car. : on the E. 
side of Lynch's cr., 62 E. N. E. Columbia. 

Gold Eegion, p. o., Moore CO., 2f. Car. : 53 m. S. W. 
Ealeigh. 

GoLDSBOBoroH, p. V., Wayne co.. If. Car. : on the N. 
side, and about 2 m. from Neuse r., 61 m. S. E. Ealeigh. It 
is a considerable v., with a good trade, and has two peri- 
odicals, the "North Carolina Telegraph" (whig), and the 
'■ Tatriof (dem.), both weekly issues. It is an important 
station on the line of the Wilmington and Wehlon E. E.; 
also the E. initial point of the North Carolina E. E. ; and 
a railroad hence is projected to Newbem, one of the best 
ports of the State. Pop) about TOO. 

GoLDsviLLE, p. v., Cherokee eo., Ga. : 113 m. N. W. 
Miliedgeville. 

GoLDs\nLLE, p. v., Tallapoosa CO., Ala. : 49 m. N. E. 
Montgomery. 

Goliad county, Tfett Situate S. E. centrally, and con- 
tains about 1,SOO sq. m. Intersected by San Antonio r., and 
drained by its many branches, with the heads of Mission 
and Ar.Tusas rivers and affluents of the Guadaloupe. Surface 
moderately elevated, and gently undulating. Soil generally 
very good, and adapted to cotton growing. Some sugar 
may be raised, too. Farms 80; manut; 0; dwell. SS. and 
pop.— wh. 435, fr. col. 0, si. 213— total G4S. Cajntal: 
Goliad. 

Goliad, p. v. and cap., Goliad co., Ter. : on a high rocky 
bluff on the S. bank of San Antonio r., 123 m. S. by E. 
Austin City. It is one of the oldest towns in Texas, dating 
from inC, and was formerly a place of great importance, 
and, as its name implies, a pUiee of sU-ength. Its fortifica- 
tions were immense and considered by the Spaniards as 
impregnable, and are still in existence, though decayed, as 
are also most of the old buildings, which were of stone. 
On the opposite side of the river was an ancient mission. 
Goliad is now recovering from its demolished condition, and 
is again a flourishing place with considerable trade and 
general business. 

Goxic, p. v., Strafford co., 1^. Hamp. : on the E. side of 
Cocheco r., 28 m. E. Concord. It is a v. of considerable 
manufactures. The Cocheco E. E. passes through it, S m. 
from Dover. 

Gonzales county, Tfx. Situate S. E. of centre, and eon- 
tains 1,22' sq. m. Intersected by Guadalupe r., and drained 
by San Marcos r. and Peach and Sandy crs., its affluents. 
Surface a rolling prairie in S.— in the N. more broken. Soil 
sandy loam, covered with a rich vegetable deposit, and 
adapted to cotton, grain, or grazing. Salt-springs arc found 
on Salt forkofS.andy cr. Farms 123; manuf ; dwell. I S3, 
and pop.— wh. 891, fr. col. 0, si. 601— total 1,492. Capital: 
Gonzales. 

GoxzALES, p. 0., and cap. Gonz.iles co., TJir. : on the N. 
or left bank of Eio Guadaluiie r., 62 m. S. S. E. Austin City. 
It is the centre of an extensive trade. 

GoocnLAND county, Ylrg. Situate E. centrally, and con- 
tains 273 sq. m. Drained by several affluents of the James r., 
which forms its S. boundary. Surface in the S. rolling ; 
elsewhere broken, affording many eligible mill sites. Soils 
various, and mostly long cultivated, though highly produc- 
tive. Tobacco is the great agricultural staple, and coal is 
abundant, and the mines much worked. Gold has also 
been found in considerable quantities. Farms 405 ; nianuf. 
49; dwell. ST6, and pop.— wh. 3,S54, fr. col. 05.3, si. 5,S4o— 
254 



GOR 

total, 10,852. Capital: Goochland C. U. PiiUic Works : 
James Elver Canal. 

GoocnLAM) C. II., p. v., and cap. Goochland co., Virr). : 
on the N. side of James r., and on the line of the canal, 
25 ra. W. N. W. Eichmond. It contains acourt-house, jail, 
and about 40 dwellings. 

Goocn's Mills, p. o.. Cooper co.. Mo. : on Little Saline cr. 
of Missouri r., 84 m. N. W. Jefferson City. 
G oodall'6, p. o., Hanover eo., Yirg. : 15 m. N. Eichmond. 
Good Field, p. v., Meigs co., Tain.: 114 m. E. S. E. 
Na-shville. 

Good GnorND, p. v., Suffolk co., N. T. : 12S m. S. E. 
Albany— a v. of some S or 10 dwellings, situate in the L of 
Southampton. 

Good Hope, p. v., Milwaukie CO., Wise. : on the W. side 
of Milwaukie r., 75 m. E. by N. Madison. 
Good Hope, p. o., Cumberland co., Ptmi. 
Good Hope, p. o., Walton county, Ga. : on a cr. of 
Appalaehee r., 65 m. N. N. AV. Miliedgeville. 

Gooding's Geove, p. o.. Will co.. 111.: 133 m. N. E. 
Springfield. 

Good Intent, p. o., Washington county, Penn.: 132 m. 
W. by S. Harrisburg. 

Good Luck, p. o.. Prince George's co., JM.: on the E. 
side of the W. branch of Patuxent r., 26 miles S. W. 
Annapolis. 

GooDKicD, p. v., Genesee co., Mich. : 49 m. E. N. E. 
Lansing. 

Good's PEEcisor, p. o., Clark co., Kt/.: 44 m. E. S. E. 
FrankforL 

Good Speing, p. o., Williamson co., Tenn. : 11 m. S. 
Nashville. 

Good Spblngs, p. o., Mead co., i'y. .• 76 m. W. by S. 
Frankfort. 

Good Spub, p. o., Carroll co., Virff. : 183 m. W. S. W. 
Eichmond. 
GooDviLLE, p. v., Lancaster co., Pfnn. 
GooDWATER, p. o., Coosa county, Ala. : 8-3 m. N. by E. 
Montgomery. 

GooDWLN'6 Mills, p. o., York county. Me. : 74 m. S. W. 
Augusta. 

GooD\viNSTiL7.E, p. T., Dinwlddlc county, Tirg. : 42 m. 
S. by W. Eichmond. 

Goose Ceeek, p. o., Eitchie co., Tirg. : 226 m. N. W. 
Eichmond. 

Goose Ceeek, Tirg. : a branch of Eoanoke r. It has its 
rise in the Blue Eidge, 6 m. S. W. of the Peeks of Otter, 
and after a course of more than 40 m. enters the Eoanoke 
in the S. W. part of Campbell county. 

Goose Pond, p. o., Ogletliorpe co., Ga. : on a branch of 
Long cr. of Broad r., 69 m. N. N. E. Miliedgeville. 
Goose Eivee, p. a., Waldo co., Me. : 87 m. E. Augusta. 
Gobdo, p. o., Pickens county, Ala. : 124 m N. W. 
Montgomery. 

GoKDON county, Ga. Situate N. W., and conUiins 302 
sq. ra. Drained by Coosawaltce r. and other head streams 
of the Coosa r. Surface broken and cut up into many 
beautiful and fertile valleys. This is in the iron region, and 
possesses much undeveloped mineral wealth. Farms 419; 
manuf. ; dwell. 861, and pop.— wh. 6,156, fr. col. 0, si. 82S 
—total 5,984. Capital : Calhoun. Public Worl-s : Atlantic 
and Western E. E. 

Gordon, p. v., Wilkinson county, Ga. : 17 m. S. by W. 
Miliedgeville. The Miliedgeville and Gordon E. E. di- 
verges at this point tcom the Central Georgia E. E., 170 m. 
from Savannah. 

Gordon's Springs, p. v.. Walker co., Ga. : 179 m. N. W. 
Miliedgeville. 

GoRDONS^^LLE, p. V., Smith co., Tenn.: on the W. bank 
of Caney fork of Cumberland r., 49 m. E. Nashville. 

GoRDONSviLLE, ]). V., Logau county, i'l/. : 162 m. S. W. 
Frankfort. 
Gor-DoNsv-iLLE, p. V., Orange CO., HV^. ; at the E. base of 



GOR 



GOV 



Southwest Mountain, nmi at the heads of Xorth Anna r.. 56 
m. N. W. Kifhrnond. ^Vithin the last ftw years it has risen 
from the condititm of a wayside store to that of a consider- 
able village, and is destined to become an important com- 
mercial dep6t. The Central Virginia R. K. passes throu^'h 
it, and is here joined by the Orange and Alexandria R. R., 
completed in 1S52. 

GoBDOss\^LLE, p. v.,,Lancaster co., Penn. : 49 m. E. S. E. 
Harrisbiirg. 

GoRDONTos, p. v., Pierson co., iV. Car. : 51 m. N. "W. 
Raleigh. 

GoEEAM, t. and p. v., Cumberland co., Me. : 59 m. S. "W. 
Augusta. Brained by Presunipseut r., which forms its E. 
border. Surface diversified ; soil fxeelltnt and well culti- 
Tated. The v. lies on the York and Cumbt-rland II. R., 10 m. 
from Portland. The t. has a well-endowed academy and 
contains numerous mills and mcclianie shops. Pop. 3,0SS. 
GoRHAM, t. and p. o., Coos co.. K Ihnnp. : SI m. N. by E. 
Concord. Drained by Poabody r. and other tributaries of 
the Androscoggin. Surface rough and broken — the S. be- 
ing occupied by the White Mountains; soil indifferent and 
population sparse. The Atlantic and St. Lawrence R. R. 
passes through it, following the valley. Pop. 224. 

GoHHAM, t. and p. v., Ontario co., N, Y, : 173 m. "W. by N. 
Albany. Drained by Flint cr. and creeks of Canandaigua 
Lake, which forms its W. boundary. Surface gently undu- 
lating; soil fertile and well cultivated. The v. is located oa 
the E. side of Flint cr. ; and there are other villages, as 
Eushville, Gorham Centre, etc., in the town. Pop. 2,C45. 

GoEHAM, t. and p. o., Fulton co., Ohio.: 136 m. N. W. 
Columbus. Drained by Tiffin r. and its branches. Surface 
uneven ; soil fertile and productive. Pop. 90G. 

GosHEs, p. o., Cherokee co., Ala.: 133 m. N. N. E. 
Montgomery. 

GosHES, t. and p. o., Addison co., Venn. : 36 ra. S. W. 
Montpelier. Drained by creeks of Great Trout Pond and 
Otter r. Surface mountainous; soil ortlinary, bat adapted 
to iirasses. Iron ore and oxyde of magnesia abundant. 
Pop. 4St). 

Go-SHEN-, t. and p. c, Litchflcid co., Conn. : 34 m. "W. by N. 
Hartford. Drained by affluents of ilousatonic and Nau- 
gatuck rirers, which rise in this t. from several small ponds. 
Surface elevated and moderately uneven ; soil excellent for 
grasses. It produces fine dairies, and has several mauu- 
fiictures. Pop. 1,457. 

GosHEx, p. v., Lincoln county, Ga.: 74 m. N. E. 
Milledgeville. 

GosuEK. p. v., and cap. Elkliart co., Ind. : on the E. 
side of Elkhart r., 126 m. N. by E. Indianapolis. It is a 
thriving v., and contains commodious county buildings, 
several halls for societies, large flouring and saw mills, nu- 
merous stores, about 20O dwellings, and 1,200 inhabitants. 
It is well situate for a commercial dop6t, and is connected 
by a l>ranch with the Michigan. Southern, and Northern 
Indiana R. It. ; and a railroad is now in progress from In- 
dianapolis ria Peru to this point. The " G. Democrat" 
(dem.) is published weekly. 

Goshen, t. and p. v., Ilampshire county, Mass. : 92 m. 
W. by N. Boston. Drained by heads of rivers falling into 
the Connecticut. Surface mountainous; soils indifferent, 
except for grasses. Lead, tin, emeralds, etc., are found. 
The v. lies near the centre. Pop. 5l2. 

GosHEN', t. and p. v., Sullivan co., K Hamp.: 31 m. 
"W. by N. Concord. Drained by branches of Logan r. of 
the Connecticut. Surface varies ; soil well adapted f')r cul- 
tivation. Sunapee Mountain lies in its S. E. part. The v. is 
located centrally. Pop. of t 069. 

GosoEN, p. v., Cape May co., N. Jer. : on Goshen cr. 3 
m. up from Delaware Bay, 73 m. S. Trenton. 

Goshen, t.. p. v., and one r,f the cap. Orange co., K. Y. : 
U m. S. S. W. Albany. Drained by Wallbill cr. and other 
streams. Surface diversifled— in some parts hilly ; soil, rich 
loam, overlying slate and limestone, and which produces 



exe^-llent grass. The t. and neighborho.id is noted for the 
superior quality of its milk and butter, which are daily car- 
ried into New York by railroad. The v. is located on a 
plain, and contains a court-house and other county build- 
ings, situate on an elegant square, in which is a monument 
commemorative of those who fell in one of the battles of 
the Revolution, large hotels, extensive stores, and many of 
its dwellings are neat and tastefully built. It is a place of 
considerable business, and has about 1,200 inhabitants. Tlie 
Eric R. R. passes through it, 45 m. from Piermont. Goshen 
has two semi-weekly newspapers, tlie "Banner of Liberty'* 
and "Signs of the Times;" two weeklies, the '-Independ- 
ent Republican" (dem.) and " Democrat and "Whig" (,whig), 
and "Separate America" (abol.), the latter published quar- 
terly. Pop. of t. 3,150. 

GosHEX, t. ami p. v., Clermont co., 07iio: S2 m. S. "W, 
Columbus. Drained by affluents of Little Miami r., and 
possessed of a fine soil. The v. contains numerous mills, 
mechanic shops, an<l about 700 inhal'itants. The Cincin- 
nati, Hillsboro', and Parkersburg R. R. passes through tho 
t. and v., 32 m. from Cincinnati. Pop. oft. 1,397. 

Goshen, p. v., Oldham county, iTy. ; 38 m. "NV. N. "W. 
Frankfort, 

GnsuEN, p. v., Lancaster- county, renji. : 53 m. E, S. E. 
Ilarrisburg. 

GosnEN Hill, p. v., Union dist., ^. Car.: between En- 
noree an<l Tiger rivers, 51 m. N. W. Columbia. 

GosnEN Hill, v., Chesterfield dist., ,S. Cur. : on Thomp- 
son's cr. of Great Pee Dee r., S2 m. N. E. Columbia. 

Goshen Prairie, p. o., Mercer co.. Mo.: 147 m. N. W. 
Jefferson City. 

GosHENviLLE, p. V., Chcstcr CO., Penn.: C9 m. E. S. E. 
Ilarrislmrg. 

Gospop.T, p. v., Clark county, Ahi,: on the W. side of 
Alabama r., 93 m. S. W. Montgomery. 

GospuRT, p. v., Owen co., Ind. : on the right bank of tho 
"W. fork of "NVhite r., 37 m. S. W. Indianapolis. It contains 
several warehouses, stores, and mechanic shops, and about 
600 inhabitants. It is an important location, and is inter- 
sected by two lines of railroad— the New Albany and Salera 
R. R. and the Evansville, Tincennes, and Indiana R. R. 
It was founded in ISIS by E. Goss, from whom it is named, 
and in 1S40 had less than SO inhabitants — its growth to its 
present prosperous condition is owing chiefly to its railroad 
connections. The river here affords good mill sites, and 
is navigable fijr steamers. 

Gott's Cross Roads, p. c, Sullivan co., Tenn. : 252 m. 
E. by N. Nashville. 

GocLDSEORocGH, t. and p. v., Hancock co,. Me. : S6 m. 
E. Augusta. It occupies a large peninsula jutting into the 
Atlantic, between Gouldsborough Harbor and Frenchman's 
Bay. Prospect Harbor, on the S. E., is easy of access and 
spacious; it has also other good harbors which afford it 
great facilities for navigation. The principal v. lies at the 
head of Gouldsborough Bay, on the 'W. side. The 1. has 
some few manufactures, but its inhabitants are chiefly en- 
gaged in navigation and the fisheries. Pop. 1,399, 

GouEDVLNE, p. v., UuioH CO., ^. Car. : 113 m. "W. S. "W. 
Raleigh. 

GouTT:RNEim, t. and p. c, St. Lawrence co., Iv'. Y. : 154 
m. N. "W. Albany. Drained by Oswcgatchie r. and its 
creeks. Surface generally level; soil various. The v. is 
located on the Oswcgatchie, and contains about 300 inhab- 
itants. The Watertown and Potsdam E. R. will intersect 
this t. Pop. of t. 2,7S3. 

GoTANSTowN, p. V., Baltimore county, Md. : 26 m. N. 
Annapolis. 
Governor's Brtt>ge, p. o., Anne Anmdel co., Md. 
Governor's island, jV. Y.: an imjiortant island at the 
confluence of Hudson and East rivers, in New Tork Harbor, 
an<l which commands its entrance. It is strongly fortified. 
Castle William, Fort Columbus, and South Battery, arc Ihe 
I names of the fortifications. 

255 



GOV 



GHA 



Govt:bnor'r Islanp, p. o., Mauon co., iT. Car. : 27 m. 
"W. by S. naleigh. 

GowANDA, p. v., Cattaraugus co., N. Y. : 222 m. W. byS. 
Albany. 

GowDEYSTiLLE, p. T., Union dist., S- Car. : 73 ni. N. W. 
Columbia. 

Gu^ven's Feket, p. 0., Cedar co., la. : 23 m. E. by N. 
Iowa City. 

GowENSviLLE, p. V., GreenviUc dist, S. Car.: 97 m. 
N. W. Columbia. 

Graceham, p. v., Frederick co., Md: on the "W. side of 
Monocacy r., 62 m. W. N. "VV. Annapolis. 

GitADYTiLLE, p. V., AdaiT CO., Ky. : 76 m. S. S. "W. 
Frankfort. 

Ghafensberg, p. v., Adams co., Penn. : 49 m. S. S. "W. 
Harrisburg. 

Grafton county, M Uamp. Situate W., and contains 
1,437 sq. m. Drained by Ammonoosuck r. and other afflu- 
ents of Connecticut r., its W. boundary, and the head waters 
of Merrimac and Saco rivers. Surface elevated and rough, 
with good mill streams ; soil generally good, and ad.apted 
to grass or grain. Squam Lake, on its E. border, and New- 
found Lake within it, are fine bodies of water and very 
attractive to strangers. "Wool growing is successful and 
general. Farms 5,0G3 ; manuf. 424 ; dwell. 7,S9S, and pop. 
— wh. 42.316, fr. col. 27— total 42.34:5. CapiUd: ITaverbil!. 
Public Works: Northern (N. II.) E. E.; Boston, Concord, 
and Montreal E. E. 

Grafton, p. v., Jersey co., III.: on the E. side of Mis- 
Bissijipi r., 2 m, below the confluence of the Illinuis, 71 ni. 
8. "W. Springfield. It is situate on an elevated slope of 
land under the blufis, and has a good steamboat landing. 
Pup. ahnut 1,200. 

Grafton, t. and p. v., "Worcester co., Maes.: 7 ra. E. 
Worcester, 35 m. W. S. W. Boston. Drained by Black- 
stone r. and its tributaries, which afford excellent water- 
power. Surface varied ; soil excellent. The principal v. 
is located centrally, and there are others, as Famumville on 
tlie S. and New England Village on the N. of it. The 
Boston and Worcester E. E. traverses the N. part of the t., the 
Graftun station being 33 ra. from Boston, and here diverges 
the Branch E. E. to Milbury on the Worcester and Provi- 
dence E. E. ; and the Blackstone Canal passes through the 
S. W. corner. The U has large manufactures, and 3,610 
inhabitants. 

Gr.AFTON, t. and p. o., Grafton co,. A' ITamp. : 35 m. N.W. 
Concord. Drained by Smith's r. of the Merrimac, which 
rises in several small ponds in this t. Surface hilly; soil 
roL-ky, but there is some good land. Glass Mountain, 150 
feet perpendicular height, furnishes mica, or isinglass, an 
article of export. There are numerous mills on the streams, 
and the iidiabitants number 1,322. The Northern New 
Hampshire E. K. passes through the t.,44 m. by route from 
Concord. 

Grafton, t. and p. o., Eenssalaer co., K.Y.:\^ m. N. E. 
Albany. Drained by Poestenkill and other smaller creeks. 
Surface hilly and well timbered; soil, clay loam. There 
are several mills in the t., and a pop. of 2,197 souls. 

Grafton, p. v., Lorain co., Ohio : on the E. branch of 
Black r., 103 m. N. N. E. Columbus. At this point the 
Cleveland, Norwalk, and Toh-do E. E. diverges from the 
Cleveland, Columbus, and Cincinnati E. E., 25 m. from 
Cleveland. 

Grafton, L and p. t., Windham co., Yt^rm. : 77 m. S. 
Montpelier. Drained by Saxton's and William's rivers. 
Surface uneven ; soil generally fertile. The v. lies on the 
N. side of Saxton's r. The t. has some manufactures, and 
exports soapstone, which is abun<lant and of fine quality. 

Grafton, p. v., Monroe co., Mich. : 79 m. S. K. Lansing. 

Grafton, p. v., Washington co.. Wise. : on the W. side 
of Milwaukie r., 76 m. E. N. E. Madison, 

Graham, p. o., Jefferson co.. Jn^. : on Graham's fork of 
Muscackiiuck r., 66 m. S. E. Indianapolis. 
256 



Graham, p. v., and cap. Allamance co., K. Car. : about 
4 m. W. of Haw r. and 57 m. W. N. W. Ealeigh. The 
North Carolina E. E. passes the village. It contains a 
court-house, jail, etc., and about 800 inhabitants. 

Graham's Station, p. o., Meigs co., Ohio: 84 m. S. E. 
Columbus. 

Graham's Tpen Out, p. o., Barnwell dist., S. Cur. : on 
the line of the South Carolina E. E., 61 m. from Charleston 
and 54 m. S. S. W. Columbia. 

Grahamsville, p. v., Sullivan co., N. Y.: GS m. S. W. 
Albany. 

Gkahamton, p. v., Clearfield co., Penn. : lOS m.W. N.W. 
Harrisburg. 

Grahamville, p. v., York county, Penn.: 82 m. S. E. 
ITarrishurg. 

GitABAMViLLE, p. v., Bcaufort dist., S. Car.: IIC m. S, 
Columbia. 

Grampion IIills, p. c, Clearfleld co., Penn.: 97 m. 
W. N. W. Harrisburg. 

Granbt, t. and p. o., Essex co., Yei'm. : 45 m. E. N. E. 
Montpelier. Drained by the heads of Paul's stream and of 
Moose r. Surface elevated, forming a watershed. It is an 
inho.spitable country and thinly inhabited. Pop. aljout 200. 

Granbt, t, and p. o., Hartford co.. Conn. : 162 m. N. N.W. 
Hartfonl. Drained by tributaries of Farmington r. Sur- 
face hilly and rough— Barn Door Hills rise 400 or 5CiO feet 
high ; soil generally stubborn, but there is considerable 
good farming lands. The t. has several pleasant villages 
and considerable manufactures. Pop. 2,4^8. This t. was 
taken from Simsbury in 17S6, and contains the famous Sims- 
bury copper mines — the Old State Prison of Connecticut. 
This odious place, unfit for the residence of the worst of 
criminals, is a pit or cavern more than 50 feet deep, dark, 
damp, and dismal, and in this inft-mal region the State 
convicts were immured; as such it was used for a period 
of 40 years, to the no small disgrace of our Puritan friends 
of the East. 

Granbt, t. and p. v., Hampshire county, Mass. : 76 m. 
W. by S. Boston. Drained by creeks of Connecticut r. 
Surface in the N. hilly — Mt. Holyoke range bounding the 
t. in that direction, and in the S. diversified, with a fine 
soil. The mountainous parts are well wooded. It produces 
much garden stuff, which finds a market in Chicopec and 
Springfield ; and it has several woolen factories, mills, etc. 
Pop. l,ti3S. 

Grand Blano, t. and p. v., Genesee co.. Mich.: 44 m. 
E. N. E.Lansing. Drained by Thread cr, of Flint r. and its 
affluents. Surface hilly ; soil, deep black mold, well wood- 
ed and fertile. The v. lies on the left bank of the r., and 
is a considerable place. 

Grand Blott, p. o., Panola CO., Tex.: 272 m. N. E. 
Austin City. 

Grand Cane, p. o., Do Soto par., Za. : on a cr. of 
Sabine r. so called, 192 m. N. W. Baton Eouge. 

Grand Cane, p, c, Liberty county, Tesc.: 196 m. E. 
Austin City. 

Grand Coteatt, p. v., St. Landry par., Za.: on the W. 
of VermUlion r., 55 m. W. Baton Eouge. Here is St. Charles 
College, a Roman Catholic institution, founded 1S3S; in 
1S50 it had 21 professors and 103 students. Its library 
contains 4.000 volumes. 

Grand C6te Prairie, p. o., Perry co.. Ill: on the 
prairie so called, 113 ra. S. Springfield. 

Grand Detour, p. o., Oglo co., lU.: on a peninsula 
formed by a great bend of Eock r., 142 m. N. Springfield. 
It is a flourishing v., with considerable manufactiu-os and a 
good trade. Pop. about 600. 

Grand Ecork, p. o., Natchitoches par., Za. : on the S.W. 
side of Ecd r., at the enfrance of Old r, 144 m. N. W. 
Baton Eouge. 

Grand Falls, p. o., Newton co., Mo. : on the N. side of 
Nth-hah r., at the falls. 174 m. S. W. Jefferson Cily. 

Grand Gulf, p. v., Claiborne co., Miss. : on the E. banic 



GUA 



GRA 



of Mississippi r.. 55 m. W. S. W. Jackson. The rivor. by a 
remarkable bend here, forms what is di.- nominated the 
Grand Gulf. It contains a town-hall, hospital, market- 
house, theatre, etc., and has several manufainuring estab- 
lishments and mechanic shops, numerous stores, and a pop- 
ulation of about 1,201}. It enjoys a considerable trade In 
cotton, and supplies a wide neighborhood with provisions 
and merchandise. 
GnA.VD IIavkn, p. v., and cap. Ottawa co., Mich.: on the 

5. bank of Grand r., near its entrance into Lake Micliigan. 
This is one of the best harbors on the AV. side of the penin- 
sula, and is a point made by steamers passing down the 
lake, and steamboats ply on the river as far as Grand 
Ilapids. There is never less than 12 feet water on the bar, 
and opposite the harbor the depth varies from 15 to 30 feet, 
with a width of Go rods. A light-house is erected at its 
mouth. The v. contains a court-house, etc., spacious ware- 
houses, several steam saw and other mills, numerous stores, 
and is in a highly flourishing condition. In point of nat- 
ural advantages, it has an excellent location ; it is elevated 
25 or 30 feet above the river, and is ver}' healthy. Popula- 
tion about 900. 

Gkand Island, p. c, Erie co., 2T. Y.: lU m. W. by N. 
Albany. Grand Island forms a part of Tonawanda co., and 
is situate in Niagara r., equidistant between Black Kock 
and Niagara Falls. It is 9 m. long, and in its broadest part 
G m. wide, with an area of 17,3S1 acres. The land is level, 
well timbered, and very fertile. The river is deep, close in 
Bhore, and affords access to any part of the island. The v. 
of Whitehaven, at which the p. o. is kept, is located on its 
E. bank. This island was selected by M. M. Noah, on 
which to build a city and establish a colony of Jews, with 
the view of making it the "Ararat,'' or resting-place of that 
despised people. A monument, 15 feet high, with suitable 
inscriptions, was erected here by the projector in Sept., 
1S25, and is still standing. The undertaking was abandoned 
in consequence of the scheme having been non-approved 
of by the Kabbi of Europe. 

Gr.AKD Isle county, Verm, Situated N. W., consisting 
principally of two islands in N. part of Lake Champlain, 
and contains "6 sq. m. Surface gently elevated ; soil highly 
productive and well tilled. Their flocks of sheep form no 
email part of their wealth. Farms 339 ; manuf. S ; dwell. 
691, and pop.— wh. 4,142, fr. col. 3— total 4,145. Capital: 
Korth Hero. PiiUic Works: Vermont and Canada iLiil- 
road. 

Grand Isle, t anil p. v.. Grand Isle co.. Term. : 46 m. 
N. W. MonTpelier. The t. consists of the N. part of a large 
island of Lake Champlain so called, and lias a fertile soil, 
producing the grains and fruits. Marble, limestone, and 
rock crystals abound. The v. is a small settlement in its 
centre. Pop. Q^Q, 

Gkand Lake, p. o., Chicot co., Arl: : on the W. side of 
the Mississippi r., near the S. E. corner of the State, 152 m. 

6. E. Little Rock. 

Grand lake, Me. : a large collection of water lying on the 
E. border of Maine, and partly in New Brunswick. It con- 
tains a large number of islands, and receives the waters of 
many small lakes and rivers, and is the chief source of St. 
Croix river. 

Grand Ledge, p. o., Eaton co., Mi<:7i. : 12 ra.W. Lansing. 
Here is a ledge of sandstone, 20 ft-et high, along the N. 
bank of Grand r., and in the neighborhood, iron ore of fine 
quality is abundant. 

Grand Marsh, p. o., Columbia co., Wu^c. : 29 m. N. W. 
Madison. 

Grand Prairik, t. and p. o., Marion co., Ohio: 49 rn. 
N. N. "W. Columbus. Brained by Scioto r. Surface level ; 
6oil deep and black mold, very fertile. Pop. 474. 

Grand Prairie, p. o., Prairie co.. Ark. : 31 m. E. N, E. 
Little Rock. 

Grand Pcajrte, t. and p. Marquette co., Wific. : 49 ra. 
N. by E. Madison. 

12 



Grand Rapids, p. v., and cap. Kent co., Mich. : on the S. 
bank of Grand r., at the rapids so called, 59 m. W. N. ^V. 
Lansing. It contains a court-house, jail, etc. ; numerous 
mills and workshops, warehouses, stores, etc.. and about 
3,000 inhabitants. It is one of the most important places in 
Michigan, and has great conveniences for an extensive com- 
merce, being the natural dep6t of the country above. There 
are published in the village two newspapers, the " G. II. In- 
quirer"' (dem.), and the" G. River Eagle" (whig), weekly is- 
sues. Building material of every description is found in the 
neighborhood, and salt springs within a few miles. It is 
approached to the foot of the rapids by lake steamers and 
other craft, and a canal is proposed to overcome the fall, 
wliich is liere 15 feet, and by employing the entire volumo 
of water, an Immense hydraulic power can be obtained. On 
the opposite side of the river are Indian mounds and 
burial places, and many remains of ancient habitations and 
corn fields. Pop. of v. 2,646.— of t. 3,149. 

Grand Rapids, p. v.. Portage co., TTwc. ; on ^Visconsin 
river, 93 m. N. by W. Madison. The river in this co. is full 
of rapids and portages, affording water-power of great ex- 
tent, which is used in many places for the transportation 
of lumber, large quantities of which are annually sent down 
to St. Louis. The pineries commence about SO m. above 
Fort Winnebago, and here a rttilroad, 2 m. long, the first in 
"Wisconsin, has been constructed to convey the logs from 
the forest to the mills. 

Grand Rivei:, p. o., Caldwell co., Mo.: 123 m. N. W. 
Jefferson City. 

Grand River, p. o., "Wayne county, la.: 112 m. S. W. 
Iowa City. 

Grand river, Utah Ter.: a large constituent of the Eio 
Colorado of Calif<trnia. It rises in the Rocky Mountains, in 
the neighborhood of Long's Peak and the " Parks," whence 
its course is generally W. S. W. to a junction with the main 
river, in about 3S<^ N. Lit. In its upper course it has many 
rapids and falls. 

Grand river, 3fic7i.: the largest stream lying wholly 
within the State. It rises in Washtenaw and Hillsdale 
counties by two branches, which unite in Jackson co. From 
this point the river has a very serpentine course, but runs 
generally in a W. direction to Lake Michigan. It is about 
270 m. long, including its windings, and at its mouth, be- 
tween 50 and 65 rods wide, and of sufficient depth to ad- 
mit vessels of less than 12 feet draft. It is navigable 240 
miles for balteaux, and receives in its course as its principal 
tributaries, Rouge, Flat, Maple, Looking-glass, and Red 
Cedar rivers, from the N., and Thomapple r. from llie S. 
It is navigable for steamtioats 40 m. to the Great Rapi'is, 
below which it has nowhere less than 4 feet water. The 
river is subject lo freshets, and the intervales in some places 
to inundations. At the Rapids it sometimes rises 15 feet, but 
at its mouth seldom more than a foot. Many flourisliing 
villages are now located on the banks of Grand river. 

Grand Saline, p. o., Cherokee Nation, /;((/. Ter 

Grant) Spring, p. o., Dane co.. Wise. 

Grand Traverse, p. o., Michilimackinac co., Mich. : 172 
m. N. N. W. Lansing. 

Grand Traverse bay : a considerable inlet of Lake 
Michigan, which sets up into the land in the N. W. part of 
Mackinac county. 

Grand Traverse islands, 3fich. : a cluster of islanils lo- 
cated at the entrance of Green Bay into Lake Michigan. 
They number ten or twelve, the largest of which are Pala- 
waton. Plum, Detroit. Urtllo. etc. 

Grand View. p. 0.. Edgar co., !tt.: at the head of Uig or. 
of Wabash r., 93 m. E. by S. Springfield. It is in the miii.-il. 
of a beautiful and fertile rolling prairie. 

Grand View. p. v., Louisa co., la. : about 2 m. W. of 
Muscatine Slough, 31 m. S. S. E. Iowa City. 

Grand View, t. and p. v.. Washington co., Ohio: 106 ra. 
E. S. E. Columbus. Drained by creeks of Ohio r., which 
makes its S. E. border. Surface on the r. fertile bottoms, 

2fi7 



GRA 



GRA 



and in the nplands hilly, and flt only for {jrasa. The v. Iie3 
on the Ohio, about 12 m. above Newport. Pop. 1,154. 

GeANDViLi.K, p. v., Kent en., Jfic/i.: on the S. side of 
Grand r., at Ihe confluence of Buck and Hush creeks, 68 ra. 
W, N. W. Lansina;. The river is navigable for flrst-class 
eteamers to this point. It contains several mills, factories, 
and mechanic shops, and about 600 inhabitants. Consid- 
erable water-power is furnished by the streams, and in Uic 
vicinity are extensive pineries, and within 3 m. are salt 
springs and frj-psum beds. It was settled in ls"5, and is 
now one of Ihe most flourishing villages in the W. part 
of the State. 

Geangee county, Tenn. Situate N. E., and contains 854 
sq. m. Drained by branches of Clinch r., its N., and IIoI- 
slon r. its S. boundary, large tributaries of the Tennessee. 
Surface elevated in middle, and rough, but sloping toward 
the rivers, where it is more even and very fertile. The 
grains are the chief agricultural products. Farms 723 ; 
nianuf. S4; dwell. 1,894, and pop.— wh. 11,170, fr. col. 165, 
si. 1,035— toUil 12,870. Capital : Eutledge. 

Granger, t. and p. o., Alleghany co., JV. T. : 214 m. "W. 
Albany. Drained by affluents of Genesee r., which flows 
through it. Surface undulating; soil sandy and clay loam. 
Pop. 1,301. 

Granger, t. and p. v., Medina county, Ohio: 105 m. 
N. E. Columbus. Drained by affluents of Cuyahoga and 
Rocky rivers, the surface forming a watershed between the 
waters of the two streams. The v. is situate in the centre. 
Pop. oft. 1,213. 

Geakgersville, p. v., Macon county, Ga. : 79 m. S. "W. 
Milled geville. 

Grasgeeville, p. v., Saratoga co., J^. T.: 24 m. N. 
Albany. 

Granite, p. o., Knox county, !U. : 91 m. N. W. by "W. 
Springfield. 

Gbasitevtlle, p. v., Edgefield dist, S. Car. : on the line 
of the South Carolina E. K., 11 m. from Ilarrisburg, and 62 
m. S. "W". Columbia. 

Geant county, Ind. Situate N. E. middle, and contains 
42G sq. ni. Drained by Mississinewa r., an affluent of the 
"Wabash, and its tributaries. Except on the borders of the 
chief streams, which are beautifully rolling, the county is 
quite level, and was originally limbered. Soils rich, and 
of a more than average fertility. Farms 900; manuf. 52; 
dwell. 1,8S4, and pop.— wh. 10,945, fr. col. 147— total 11,092. 
Capital: Marion. 

Grant county, Ky. Situate N., and contains 211 sq. m. 
Drained by Eagle cr., a branch of Kentucky r.. and afflu- 
ents of Licking r. and the Ohio. Surface diversified ; soils 
various. Corn and tol>acco are raised largely. Farms 730 ; 
manuf. 15; dwell. 1,031, and pop.— wh. 5,994. fr. col. 5, si. 
532— total 6.531. Capital: "Williamstown. rublicWoi-l:s: 
Lexington and Covington E. K. 

Grant county, )V{sc. Situate S. W. comer, and contains 
1.122 sq. ra. The Wisconsin r. bounds it N., and on the S. 
and S. W. the Mississippi. The interior is drained by Blue, 
Grant. Platte, and other rivers. The surface is considerably 
broken, but the soils are highly productive, and the wiiole 
countj- abounds in galena or lead ore, which is extensively 
smelted. Farms 704; manuf 7S; dwell. 2.S61, and pop.— 
wh. 16,140, fr. col. 30~lolal 16,170. Cajyttal: Lancaster. 
Piiblic Worlts: Milwaukie and Mississippi R. R. 

Grant, p.o,, Grant co.. Inch: 54 m. N. K. Indianapolis. 

Grantham, t and p. o., Sulli\'an co., K. ITamp. : SS m. 
N. W. Concord. Drained by heads of Sugar r. of the 
Connecticut. Surface various. Corydon Mountain lies in 
the W. part, and in the E. there are low lands, adapted 
to tillage. It contains a noted mineral spring. The in- 
habitants are mostly farmers. Pop. 784- 

GRANTSBORoron, p. v., Campbell county, Tenn. : 157 m. 
E. N. E. Nashville. 

Geant*8 Creek, p. o., Switzerland co., Tn/i. : at the mouth 
of a cr. of Ohio r. so called, S7 m. S. E. Indianapolis. 
25S 



Gbant'8 Lick, p. o., Campbell co., K^t/. : on a cr. of Lick- 
ing r. so callc<i, 67 m. N. N. E. Frankfort. 

Gkantsville, p. v., Alleghany co., Md. : on the National 
Road, 27 m. W. Cumberland. 

Granville county, A: Car. Situate on N". line, and con- 
tains 624 sq. m. Drained by affluents of the Roanoke, and 
upper streams of Tar and Neuse rivers. Surface agreeably 
diversified, with some high land and considerable water- 
power. Tobacco is Uie great staple. Ct>tton Is raised 
extensively. Farms 1,074 ; manuf. 55 ; dwell. 2.093, and 
pop.— wh. 10,296, fr. col. 1,0SS, si. 9,S65 — total 21.249. 
Capital: Oxford. Public Works: Gaston and Raleigh 
Railroad. 

Granville, p. v., Delaware co., Ltd.: on the left bank 
of Mississinewa r., 57 m. N. E. Indianapolis. Pop. about 
200. The Fort Wayne and Southern R. K., as projected, 
will pass near or through the village. 

Granville, t. and p. o., Washington co., X. I'.; 52 m. 
N. N. E. Albany. Drained by Pawlet r. of Lake Cham- 
plain. Surface somewhat broken and uneven; soil clay 
loam, and fertile. The v. is situate on Pawlet r.,and on the 
line of the Rutland and Washington R. R.; it has several 
manufactures, and about 600 inhabitants. The t. has nu- 
merous mills, woolen factories, a pottery, etc., and 3,434. 
inhabitants. 

Granville, t. and p. v., Licking county, Ohio: 27 m. 
E. N. E. Columbus. Drained by W. fork of Licking river, 
which furnishes great water-power. Surface and soil adapt- 
ed to agriculture. The t was settled in 1S05 by immigrants 
from Granville, Mass. The v. contains furnaces, mills, 
mechanic shops, and about 771 inhabitants, and about 1 
mile E. of the v. is Granville College, a Baptist institution, 
founded in 1S81. In the academic department, in 1S50, it 
had 5 professors, 60 alumni, and 35 students, with a library 
of 5,000 volumes; and in the theological department 2 pro- 
fessors and S students, with a library of SOO volumes. Tho 
" Granville Intelligencer" is issued weekly. Population of 
t. 2,116. 

Geanvrle, t. and p. o., Bradford co., Penn. : 102 m. N. 
Ilarrisburg. Drained by Tonawanda and other creeks of 
the N. branch of Susquehanna r. Surface varied; soil of 
moderate fertility. Pop. 797. 

Granville, p. v., Jackson co., Tenn.: on the left bank 
of Cuml)erland r., 54 m. E. by N. Nashville. 

Ge^vntille, p. v., Monongalia co., Yirg. : on Dunkard'a 
cr. of Monongahela r., 202 m. N. W. Richmond. It contains 
warehouses, mechanic shops, stores, etc., and about 200 
inhabitants. 

Granville, t. and p. v., Addison county, Verm.: 23 m. 
S. S.W. Mon t pel ier— formerly known as Kingston. Drained 
by heads of White r., one of which falls 100 feet, 50 of which 
perpendicularly. Surface mountainous. Tho v. is a scat- 
tered settlement on the E. side of the river. Population 
of t. 642. 

Granville, p. v., Putnam county,/^.: 100 m.N. by E. 
SpringfieUl. 

Granville, t. and p. v., Milwaukie CO., Wise. : 73 m. 
E. by N. Madison. Drained by Milwaukie river and its 
branches, on one of which the v. is located. 

Grai'E Grove, p. o., Greene co., Ohio: 5^ m.W.S. W. 
Columbus. 

Grape Island, p. o., Tyler co., Yirff. : on an island of 
Ohio r. so called, 237 m. N. W. Richmond. 

Grape Vise, p. o.. Perry co., A> ; lOS m. S. E. Frankfort. 

Grass Hills, p. o.j Carroll county, Ay. ; 84 m. N. by W. 
Frankfort 

Grass Laite, t. and p. o., Jackson co., Mich. : 40 m. S. S. E. 
Lansing. Drained by the E. branch of Grand r.. which has 
its source here in several small lakes. Surface elevated and 
varied ; soil deep black mold. The p. o. is located in the v 
of Lconi, at the outlet of Grass Lake, and on the line of the 
Michigan Central R. R., which traverses the X. W. part of 
the town. Pop. 1,281 



GRA 



GRA 



Grass Land, p. o., Uarrison co.) Virg. : 200 m. N. W. 
Eichmoad. 

Geass river, iV^. J'. : a tril)utary of St. Lawrence r. from 
New York. It rises in Iho S. E. part of St. Lawrence co., 
and flows in a N. direction to the St Lawrence, which it 
enters opposite to Cornwall Island, Canada. 

Gr.A6s Valley,' p. v., Butte co., Ofltf. : on the toiddle 
fork of the Feather r., 173 ni. N. E. Vallcjo. In the vicinity 
is one of the most productive gold-diggings in the State. 
Population 2,5U0. 

Grassy Cove, p. o.. Bledsoe co., Tenn. : 94 ra. E. S. E. 
Nashville. 

Gkassy Creek, p. v., Pendleton co., A'y. ; on a cr. of 
Licking r. so calltd ; 53 m. N. E. Frankf(jrt. 

GRASsr Creek, p, o., Yancey eu., y. Car. : on a cr. of 
Nolichucky r. so called ; 192 m. \V. Kaleigh. 

Grassy Pont>, p. o., Spartanburgh dial., S. do: : near the 
State line, S6 m. N. N. W. Columbia. 

Grassy Valley, p. v., Harrison co., Ind.: on theE. side 
of Indian cr., 4 m. [roia the Oliio r., and lOS m. S. In- 
dianapolis. 

Gkatiot county, Jfic/i. Situate centrally in Lower Penin- 
sula, and contains 576 sq. m. Drained by Pine r. in the N., 
watei-s of which flow into Lake Huron, and Maple r., which 
empties through Grand r. into Lake Michigan. Surface 
undulating, and well timbered with pine in the N. ; soils 
adapted to grass and the grains. Unorganized in ISoO. 

Geatiot, p. v., Muskingum co., Ohiu: 42 m. E. Coluniluis. 

Gratiot, p. v., Lafayette co., Wise. : on the Picaunica r., 
49 m. S. W, Madison. 

Gratis, t. and p. o., Preble co., Ohio: 84 m. "W. S. W. 
Columljus. Drained by creeks flowing into Miami r. Sur- 
face diversified ; soils light and fertile. It is a well culti- 
vated country, and has 2,117 inhabitants. 

Gratitude, p. o., Sussex co., JV Jer. : GO m. 8. Trenton. 

Grattan, t. and p. o., Kent county, Mich.: 57 m. N. W. 
Lansing. It is drained by numerous small Jakes, which 
empty info creeks flowing to Grand r. Surface elevated 
and level ; soil deep and fertile. The I. has abundance of 
flue timber. Pop. (>4S, 

Gratz, p. v., Dauphin county, Peroi.: 27 m. N. by E. 
Harrisburg. 

Grave Cbeek, p. o., Marshall Co., Virg.: on a cr. of 
Ohio r. so called, 235 m. N. W. liichmond. 

Geavel Hill, p. o., McNairy co., Tenn.: 118 m. S. W. 
Nashville. 

Gravel Hill, p. o., Buckingham co., Virg. : 54 m. W. 
Eichmond. 

Gravelly Hill, p. o., Bladen co., K Car.: S5 m. S. 
Ealeigh. 

Gravelly Spring, p. o., Lauderdale co., Akt. : 17S m. 
N. N. W. Montgomery. 

Gravel Eidge, p. o., Bradley co., ArJc. : % m. S. S. E. 
Little Eock. 

Gravel Erx, p. o., Washtenaw co., Mich. : on an attlu- 
ent of Huron r. so called, 53 \n. S. E. Lansing. 

Gravel Spring, p. o., Frederick co., Virg. : 126 m. 
N. N. W. Eichmond. 

- Graves county, Eij. Situate "W., and contains 540 sq. m. 
Drained by Mayfleld r. and Little Obion r., affluents of 
Mississippi r., and in the E. by afiluents of liie Ohio. Sur- 
face generally level, and soil verj* productive of wheat, corn, 
and tobacco. Farms 1.279; nuinuf. 35; dwell. 1,G94, and 
pop.— wh. 9,949, fr. col. 9, si. 1,439— total 11,3S7. Capital: 
Maylield. 

Graves, p. o., Hempstead county, Ark.: 108 m. S. W. 
Little Rock. 

Graves, p. v., Caswell co., 2<r. Car. : GG m. N. "SV. Ealeigh. 

Gra^-esend, t. and p. v.. Kings co., JV. Y. : 8 m. S. New 
York City. Drained by several creeks. The t, faces on the 
Atlantic, and includes " Coney Island," a place of resort for 
the citizens of New York in the bathing-se.-ison. Surface 
generally level, with extensive salt marshes and sandy hil- 



locks. The v. contains a Dutch Eeformed Church, and 
about 20 dwellings. Pop. of the 1 1,0(>4. 

Graves Feery, p. o., Ohio co., Ki/.: 131 m. W. S. W, 
Frankfort. 

Grave's Mill, p. o., Madison CO., Virg.: 76 m. N. W. 
Eichmond. 

Gravesville, p. v., Herkimer co., JV. Y. : 71 m. "W. N. Vf. 
Albanj'. 

Gray, t. and p. o., Cumberland co.. Me. : 46 m. B. W. 
Augusta. Drained by branches of Presumpscut and North 
Yarmouth rivers, and it contains a large part of Little 
Sebago I'<.ind. It is a fine farming country, and has some 
manufactures. Pop, 1,7SS. 

Gray Eock, p. o., Titus county, Tea:: 230 m. N. E. 
Austin City. 

GnAYSniTRG. p. o., Greene co., Tenn. : 226 m. E. Nashville. 

Gray's Creek, p. o., Cumberland co., A1 dr. 

Gray's Cross ICoads, p. o., Eaudolph co., 2f. Car.: 93 
m. \V. Ealeigh. 

Gray's harbor, Oreg. Ter.: a fine bay in the N. "W. of 
Oregon, into which tlie Chehalis r. empties. It is about 12 
m. deep, and in its widest part about 5 m. The entrance is 
about 2\ m. wide. This harbor takes its name from Capt. 
Grjiy, the celebrated discoverer of the Culumbia r. and 
other important points, this among others, along the N. W. 
coast. 

Graysox county, ffy. Situate W. centrally, and con- 
tains 051 sq. m. Nolin cr. on the S. E., and Eough cr. on 
the N, W., tributaries of Green r., with numerous affluents, 
drain it. Surface various, with some good mill-sites. Soil 
of average productiveness. Com and tobacco are the lead- 
ing productions. Farms 824; manuf. 14; dwell. 1,065, and 
pop.— wh. 0,512, fr. col. 5, si. 320— total 6,S3L Capital : 
Litchfield. Pnhlic Worku: Nashville and Louisville E. E. 

Grayson county, re.'-. Situate N. on lied r., aud con- 
tains 956 sq. ra. Drained by Big Mineral, Little Mineral, 
Iron Ore creeks, ami Choctaw Bayou in the N., and in the 
S. by many head streams of Trinity r., which empties into 
Galveston Bay. Surface mostly undulating, with a few l-^^v 
hills on Eed r. Soil on Eed r. consists of a rich, black, 
friable mold, often very deep, and everywhere of almost in- 
credible fertility : this is the cotton region. The interior is 
more sandy, and aflf')rds good grazing. Iron ore is abund- 
ant, particularly on Choctaw Bayou. Farms 171 ; manuf, ; 
dwell. 295, and pop.— wh. 1,7*23, fr. col. 0, si, 186— total 
1,908. Capital: Sherman. 

Grayson county, Virg. Situate "W. on S. line, and con- 
tains 494 sq. m. Intersected by New r. (the upper portion 
of Great Kanawha r.), and drained by its branches and 
Laurel Fork, the head of Ilolston r. Surface very elevated 
— in parts mountainous, with productive valleys between, 
and abundance of water-power. A good grazing and farm- 
ing county. Farms 604; manuf. ; dwell. 1,001, and pop. — 
wh. 6,142, ft-, col. 36, si. 499— total 6,677. Capital: Green- 
ville. 

Grayson, p. v., and cap. Carter co., Kt/. : on the "W. side 
of Little Sandy r., 117 m..E. by N. Frankfort. It has a 
court-house, two stores, aud about 160 hiliabitants, 

Grayson, p. v., Crittenden co., Ark:: llU m. E. N. E. 
Little Eock. 

Grayson C. H., p. o., and cap. Grayson co., Virg.: in 
the V. of Greensville, on the right bank of New r., 19S m. 
"W. S. W. Eichmond. The v. contains a courlrhouse, jail, 
etc., several stores aud mechauic shops, and about 200 
inhabitants. 

Grayson SpBrNos, p. c, Grayson county, ICi/. : 103 m. 
W. S. "W. Frankfort. 

Grayson SuLPmm Springs, p. o., Carroll Co., Mrg.: 
1S4 m. W. S. W. Eichmond. 

Graysport, p. v., Yallabuaha co., J/?.ts. .' on the S. side 
of Yallabusha r., 110 m. N. N. E. Jackson. 

Gray's Valley, p. o., Tioga co., Perm. : 112 m. N. by W. 
Harrisburg. 

359 



GEA 



GRE 



Geaysville, p. o., Monroe co., Ohio: on a tributarj- cr. 
of Ihe Muskinfjum, 96 m. E. by S. Columbus. 

Gravsville, p. v., IIcrkirDCT co., J\1 Y. : 78 m. "W. N. W. 
Albany. 

Gbaysttlle, p. v., Hunlingdon county, Penn.: 79 m. 
TV. by N. Harrisburg. 

Grayville, p. v., ■\VhiLe county, III.: 119 m. S. E. 
Springfiold. 

Greasy Cekek, p. o., Floyd co., Virg. : 173 m. W. S. Vi. 
Bichmond. 

Greasy Ckeee, p. o., Polk co., Tenn.: \^i m. E. S. E. 
Nashville. 

Great Barrington, t and p. v., Berkshire co., Mass.: 
lis m. W. Boston. Brained by llousalouic r. and its 
branches. Surface, except in the valley of the river, un- 
even and hilly ; soU generally fertile, and on the hills fine 
for grazing. Monument Mountain is a lofty eminence, and 
presents much wild and picturesque scenery. Iron ore and 
variegated marble abound. The v. is situate on the K. side 
of the river, and on the line of the Ilousatonic K. R., &5 m. 
from Bridgeport. It is a considerable place, and has sev- 
eral manufactures. Van Deusenville is a pleasant v. 2 m. 
N. of the principal v. Two newspapers are published in 
the t, the ''Berkshire Courier" ^whig) and Ihe ''Transcript*' 
(whig), both weeklies. The manufactures consist of cotton 
and woolen goods, boots and shoes, hats, pig iron, tin- 
ware, etc. Pop. of t. 3,2C3, 

Great bay, Kockingham co., K ITamp. : in the S. E. 
part of the State. It is formed by the united waters of 
Swarascot, Winnicut, and Lamprey rivers, and it.s waters 
pass N. E. through Little Bay, where Oyster r. unites with 
the current which passes into Piscataqua r. It is 4 m. wide. 

Great bay, Belknap co., X. Ilamp. : an expansion of the 
outlet of Lake "Winnipiseogee, and dist^.iarges its waters 
through "Wiunipiseogee r. into the ConnecticuL Bound 
and Long bays are situate between the lake and Great Bay, 
and there are two small bays in the river below 

Great Bend, p. v., Jefferson co., N. Y.: at the great 
bend of Black r., 133 m. N. W. Albany. It contains sev- 
eral mills and about 200 inhabitants. A bridge here crosses 
the Black river. 

Great Bend, p. c, Meigs county, Ohio : 92 m. S. S. E. 
Columbus. 

Great Besd, t. and p. v., Susquehanna co., Penn. : 132 
m. K. N. E. Harrisburg. Drained by affluents of Susque- 
hanna r. Surface hilly; soil generally good, especially so 
in the valleys. The v. is situate on both side of Susque- 
hanna r.. over which is a large covered bridge. The two 
parts of the v. are about a nule apart. It contains several 
spacious stores and about 400 inhabitants. As a station on 
the New York and Eric E. B. it is important, for it is placed 
at a great converging point of trade with many thriving 
towns in Pennsylvania, and the Legget's Gap B. E. runs 
hence into the Lackawanna coal and iron region. A large 
amonnt of business is done here, and the v. is rapidly fill- 
ing up with an enterprising population. Pop. of the t. 
1,150. 

Great Bridge, p, o., Norfolk co., Virg. : 72 m. S. E. 
Bichmond. 

Great Crosswos, p. o., Scott co., Ky. : on Elkhom cr., 
6 ro. W. of Georgetown and 16 m. E. N. E. Frankfort. The 
Choctaw Academy was formerly located here, which pro- 
vided, under the superintendence of the "War Department, 
for the education of Indians. 

Great Falls, p. v., Strafford co., y. Hump. : on the W. 
side of Salmon r., at the falls, 33 m. E. Concord. This is a 
large and beautiful v., with extensive manufactures of cot- 
ton, etc., for which its immense water-power peculiarly 
adapt* it. It lies at the point of junction of the Great Falls 
Branch of the Boston and Maine B. B., the Great Falls and 
Conway R. B., and the York and Cumberland B. R. Two 
newspapers are published here, the " G. F. Transcript" and 
the " G. F. Sketchcr," both issued weekly. Pop. about 2,000. 
260 



Great Mills, p. o., St. Marj's co., Md. : on a cr. of SL 
Mary's r., 53 m. S. Annapolis. 

Great Okonaqon lake and river, Oreg. Ter.: a long , 
lake, or rather series of lakes, stretching between 48° and 
5oo N. lat., and forming the sources of the Okonagon r., a 
branch of the Columbia r., at the confluence with which 
is located Fort Okonagon, an establishment of the Hudson 
Bay Company. 

Great Pee Dee river, S. Car. : a continuation of the Yad- 
kin r. It rises under the latter name in Caldwell and Wilkes 
counties, N. Carolina, and continues thence in an E. direc- 
tion to the W. line of Forsyth county, when it abruptly 
turns S., and in a S. E. course passes over the border into 
S. Carolma, when it b called Great Pee Dee. Its principal 
affluents are Lyucb's cr. and Little Pedee r., both consider- 
able streams. Uniting with Waccamaw r. a little below 
Georgetown, it enters and forms Winyaw Bay, which com- 
municates with the Atlantic about 12 m. below the union. 
This river is navigable for boats of 60 or 70 tons burden for 
20O m. Little Pee Dee r. enters it about 32 m. up, and 
Lynch's cr. about 47 m. up — both are boatable for a con- 
siderable distance. 

Great Salt Lake county. Utah. Situate on the E. and 
S. shores ol the Great Salt Lake, and comprises a district 
lying in the immediate vicinity. Surface low and level on 
the shore, but soon rises into mountains, which encircle the 
basin of the lake at no great distance. The soil is good, 
and, under cultivation, highly productive. Salt of a good 
quality, and in great quantities, is obtained from the lake ; 
and on its shores the Mormons have settled, and emigrants 
for the Pacific shore here find refreshments and a halting 
place, before entering on the Calitbrnia desert. Farms 506 ; 
manuf 6; dwell. 1,2SS, and pop.— wh. 6.142, ft. coL 15 — 
total 6,157. CapiUil : Great Salt Lake City. 

Great Salt Lake Crrv, p. city, and cap. Great Salt 
Lake co., Utiih Ter. (See Salt Lakc City.) The precise 
name of this is " City of the Great Salt Lake." 

Great Salt lake, Utah Ter. : a noted lake in the great 
California basin. It lies in lat. 41° 10' 42" N., and long. 
1120 21' 05" W. (the astronomical positionof an island in 
the lake). It communicates with Utah Lake through a 
strait called Jordan r., but has a somewhat lower level. 
Utah Lake is freshwater, while Great Salt Lake is intensely 
salt, and its shores aud bottom arc incrusted with salt — tho 
former for a width of several miles. The Mormons are 
settled in its neighborhood, and their original settlement 
and chief city, the City of the Great Salt Lake, is located 
on the E. side of Jordan r. The lake and its vicinity has 
been surveyed by Captain Stansbury, whose able report to 
Congress is a work of great interest and value. In the 
valley of this lake the most valuable lauds of the Territory 
are located, aud of these the Mormons have got possession. 

Great Valley, t. aud p. o., Cattaraugus co.. A'. Y. : 247 
m. W. by S. Albany. Drained by Great Valley, Tuniangu 
ant, and other creeks of Alleghany r. Surface somewhat 
broken, rising from the valley of tke Alleghany ; soils, clay 
loam, and fertile. The v. is a station on the Erie B. K., and 
is on the Reservation belonging to the Seneca Nation, now 
numbering about 700. It commands the business of the 
valley, in which Ellicottville, is situate. Pop. 1,68S, 

Great Works, p. v., Penobscot co., Me. : on the E. side 
of Penobscot r., at the confluence of Great Works stream, 
74 m. N. E. Augusta, The stream so called is an important 
branch of the Penobscot, into which it falls opposite the 
Indian settlement of Old Town ; it has many mill sites, an(fi 
along its baidis considerable manufactures are carried on. 
Greece, t and p. o., Monroe co., X. Y. : 208 m. W. N.W 
Albany. Drained by creeks flowing through small bays to 
Lake Ontario, which lies on its W. border, and Genesee r. 
lies on its E. boundary. Surface undulating ; soil, gravelly, 
sandy, and clay luams. Charlotte and Adams Basin are 
post-offices in this L Pop. 4,219. 

GuEELAND Dei'Ot, p. 0., Rockingham co., X. JIamp. 



GRE 



GRE 



Green Bank. p. o., Poeitlionlas co., Virff. : on Deop cr. 
of GreonbriLT r.,14G ni. W. N. W. lik-lmiond. It bus several 
mills and niechanic sibops, and atxiut 80 inhabitants. 
Gkefx Bane, p. o., Burlington co., X. Jer, 
Green B.vv, p. o., Dcs Moines count}-, la. : G7 m. S. E. 
Iowa City. 

Green Bay. p. v., Brown co., Wixc: on the riirht bank 
of Neenah or Fox r., at the head of Grucn Bay, \24 rn. 
N. E. liy N. Madison. It occupies an important location, 
and has a good harbor; and its commerce is cons>iderable. 
Many of its stores and dwelhngs are large and elegant 
buildings. Fort Howard, on the W. side of the r., stands 
on a commanding eniinence. and in the v. is a U. B. land 
offlee. Pop. about 2,500. It is a [ilaee that must become, 
in the natural progress of events, a large commercial dep6t. 
It was formerly the county capital. 

Green bay, TI 'ist'. .- a hir^e arm of Lake Michigan, ex- 
fending inland from its N. W. corner for loo m., and Imv- 
iii;; a brea<llh varying from 15 to 20 m. Its direction is 
almost parallel with the western shore of the lake; at its 
entrance are the Grand Traverse Islands, extending in line 
about 80 m. It is navigable to its head for vessels of 200 
tons, and there communicates with Fox r. and the Irans- 
terrene navigation of Wisconsin to the Mississippi r. The 
Menoraonee, forming the N. E. boundary of the State, also 
empties into it. 

GREENBOKOTTGn, p. V., Oswego couuty, 2^. V. : 136 ra. 
"W. N. W. Albany. 

Green Bottou, p. o., Shelby county, Teiiii, : 193 m. 
W. S. W. Nashville. 

Green Bottom, p. v., Cabell co., Vtrff. : 25T m. W. by N. 
Richmond. 

Greenbrier county, I7;v- Situate W. centrally, and 
contains 1,'2SS sq. m. Brained by Greenbrier r. in the S. and 
E., and W. by Meadow r.. Clierry-lree r., and other heads 
of Gauley r.. all which empty into the Great Kanawha, 
■which furnishes numberless mill-sites. It lies W. of and at 
the foot of the Alleghany Mountains, and the surface is ele- 
vated and rough. There is much timber, and much maple 
sugar is made. Excellent pasturage abounds, and the lower 
p.irts are very fertile. Farms 603 ; manuf. ; dwell. 1,419, 
and pop.— wh. S.549, fr. col. 156, si. 1.317— total 10,022. 
Capital : Lewisburg. Picbh'c Works : Virginia Central U. i;. 

GREENHRtEE, p. o., Northumberland co., /'«?«».; 57 m. 
N. Ilarrisburg, 

Greenbrier river, V/'rg. : a constituent of the Great 
Kanawha. It rises in I'ocaliontas county from the Great 
Allegliany Badge, and passes in a general S. "W. course 
through Greenbrier county and into Moncoe county, where 
it enters the Kanawha at its passage through Laurel Kidge. 

Greenbrier Ufn, p. c, Doddridge co., Virtj.: 213 m. 
W. N. W. Richmond. 

Green Bud, p. o., Sussex county, Vi>'g. : 43 m. S. E. 
Richmond. 

GREENBrsn, p. v.. "Warren co., IlL : about 2 m. N. of the 
W. fork of Spoon r., 77 m. N. W. Springfield. 

Greenbush, p. v., Polk CO., /(/..• on North r., a branch 
of Des Moines r., 112 m. W. S. W. Iowa City. 

Green bubh, t. an<l p. o., PenoI>scot co.. Me. : 91 m. N. E. 
Augusta. Drained by Olamon and other affluents of Pen- 
obscot r. Surface varied ; soil generally fertile. The v. 
opposite Argjie is a pleasant and thriving place. Pop. 
of t. 417. 

GREENBrsn, p. v.. Grant county, Jn<!.: 58 m. N. N. E. 
Indianapolis. 

GEERNBusn, t and p. o., Clinton co., 3fic?i. : 23 m. N. 
Lansing. Drained by Maple r., a branch of Grand. Sur- 
face elevated and level ; soil, deep and fertile, with fine 
limber in abundance. Pop. 318. 

GKEEsnuBa, p. o., Scott county, MUs. : 43 m. E. by N. 
Jackson. 

GREENBUsn, t. and p. v., Renssalaer co., jV. T. : opposite 
Albany, on the E. side of Hudson r. Drained by several 



small creeks. Surface generally hilly; soil, clay loam. with 
sand and gravel. The land on the Iludson'is level and 
very ferlile. The v. contains severaj factories and stores, 
and al)out 1.200 inhabitants. There are several ferries to 
Alljany, and the Hudson River K. R., and the Western 
(jVIbany and Btockbridge) R. R., have their terminus at 
East Albany, and there connect with the Troy and Green- 
bush R. R. Pop. 4,945. 

Greenbush, t. and p. v., Sheboygan co., Wi^c, : 84 m. 
N. E. Madison. Drained by Millet cr. of Sheboygan r., on 
which also the v. is located. A plank-road crosses the t., 
slretehing from Sheboygan, on Luke Michigan, to Fond 
du Lac. Pop r.34. 

Green Castle, p. v.. and cap.. Putnam co., I?id.: on a 
high table-land, 1 m. E. side of Wabmt fork of Eel r., 39 
m. W. Ijy S. Indianapnlis, lat. 39^ 4o' N.. and long, S60 48' 
W. It was laid out in l^IS. and contains a court-house, 
jail, and other county buildings, numerous mechanic shops, 
stores, etc., and is the seat of Indiana Asbury University. 
The university was founded by the Methodist denomina- 
tion in 1837, and in 1^50 had a presiilent, 8 professors. 120 
alumni, and 120 students; and its library contained 4,000 
volumes. iLlias a law department. Besides this there are 
several first-rale schooLs in the v., and the usual number of 
free schools. The " G. Sentinel" (neutral), is issued weekly. 
Pop. about 2,000. Green Cattle is on the tine of the New 
Albany and Salem R. R., and also the Terre Haute and 
Richmond R. R., which intersecting it at this point, con- 
nects it with all parts of the State and United States. It is 
the commercial dep6t of an extensive and fertile neigh- 
borhood. 

Green Castle, p. v., Fahfield co., (Viio: 19 m. S. E. 
Columbus. 

Geeen Castle, p. b., Fraukiin co., Perm. : on the E. of 
Conecocheague r.. 62 m. S. W. Ilarrisburg. It lies on the 
line of the Franklin R, R., equi-distant between Chambers- 
burg and Hagerstown. It contains several manufacturing 
establishments, mechanic shops, stores, etc., and aliout 
1,300 inhabitants. The "Conecocheague Herald" is issued 
weekly. It is surrounded by a fertile country. 

Green Ceeeu, p. c, Cape May co., A'! Jer. : 71 m. S. 
Trenton. 

Green Creek, t. and p. o., Sandusky co., Ohio. ; 90 m. 
N. Columbus. Drained by Green and other creeks flowing 
into Sandusky Bay. Surface diversified, and soils well 
adapted to agriculture generally. The Mad River and 
Lake Erie R. R. (new line) is intersected in the E. part of 
this f. by the Cleveland, Norwalk, and Toledo R. P. 1,2S8. 

Green Dep6t, p. o.. Kennebec co.. Me. : on the Andros- 
coggin and Kennebec R. R., 22 m. S. W. Augusta, 41 m. 
by route from Portland. 

Greene county, ArL: Situate N. E. comer, and contains 
989 Sip m. Drained by St. Francis r., its E. boundary, and 
Cache r., its W. boundary. Surface low and level, in jiarls 
marshy ; soil fertile where capable of cultivation. Farms 
345: manuf. 0; dwell. 436, and pop.— wh. 2,530, fr. col. 10, 
si. 53 — total 2.593. Capital: Gainesville. 

Greene county, Ga. Situate N. E. centrally, and con- 
tains 503 sq. m. Drained W. by Oconee r., and E. I>y 
Ogeehee r. and Little r., a branch of the Savannah. Sur- 
face elevated and swelling, and soil productive. There is 
good water-power, which is improved by mills and factories. 
Cotton is the staple. Farms 512; manuf. 47; dwell. 854, 
and pop.— wh. 4,744. fr. col. 58, si. 266— total 13.068. Cap- 
ital: Greensboro. Public Works: Georgia R. R., and 
Athens Branch R. R. 

Greene county, Ind. Situate S. "W.. and contains .'334 
sq. m. The W. fork of White r. divides it almost equally, 
and it has other streams which afford mill-sites. Surface 
r.ather hilly E., but level W. : soils, clay, variously mixed. 
The products are wheat, com, and tobacco; lead, coal, 
and iron are abundant. Fanns 1,227; manuf. 39; dwell. 
2,089, and pop.— wh. 12,238, and fr. col. 75— toUil 12,313. 

261 



GRE 



GKE 



Capital: Bloomfleld. FuUic Wor7;s: 'Wabash and Erie 
Canal ; Vincenncs and Indianapolis It. E., etc. 

Geeene county. III. Situate W., and contains 564 sq. m. 
Drained by Apple and Macoupin creeks, afHuents of tlie 
Illinois r., which makes its W. line. Surface level, partly 
prairie and partly timbered ; soil highly productive. This 
is in the coal region, and coal is abundant and easily ob- 
tained. Corn is the agricultural staple. Farms 1.155; 
manuf. 27; dwell. 2,024, and pop.— wh. 12,3S9, fr. col. 50— 
total 12.*39. Capital : Carrollton. 

Geeene county, Ja. Situate W. centrally, and contains 
576 sq. m. Drained by Raccoon r., a Iributarj- of the Des 
Moines r. Unorganized in 1S50. 

Geeene county, Ay. Situate centrally, and contains 316 
6q. m. Drained by Little Barren r., Kusscll r., and other 
bead streams of Green r. Surface diversified and of mod- 
erate elevation ; soils jiroductive. Large numbers of cattle, 
sheep, and swine are raised. Tobacco is the great staple, 
but wheat and corn are produced largely. Manufactures 
are noticeable, for which the streams afford good facilities. 
Farms 791 ; manuf 201 ; dwell. 1,105, and pop.— wh. 6,335, 
fr. col. 117, 81. 2,60S— total 9,060. Capital: Greensburg. 
PuUic ^york^ : Danville and Nashville E. R. 

Gheene county, Mii^a. Situate S. E., and contains 720 
8q. m. Drained by Chickjisawha r. and Leaf cr., which 
imiting S. of it, form the Pascagoula. Surface low and gen- 
erally even ; soil, in parts unproductive, but covered mostly 
with forests of timber trees. Com and potatoes, cotton and 
rice, are the products. Farms 93; manuf. 0; dwell. 217, 
and pop.— wh. 1.879, fr. col. 1, si. 63S— total 2,013. Capital : 
Leakcsville. Puhlic Works: Mobile and Ohio E. K. 

Geeene county, ito. Situate S. "W., and contains 1,157 
eq. m. Drained by the heads of While r., which empties 
into the Mississippi, and branches of the Osage r., which 
runs into the Missouri, The surface is broken, a range of 
hills or mountains occupying the middle, and forming a 
watershed between tlic waters running K. and S. The soil 
fertile and well timbered. Fanus 1,283; manuf 50 ; dwell. 
2,046, and pop.— wh. 11,54S, fr.col. 7, si. 1,230— total 12,7S5. 
Capital : Springfield. 

Geeene county, N. T. Situate E. centrally, and contains 
5S3 sq. m. Drained by Catskill and Coxsaekie creeks, 
■which flow into the Hudson r., which washes its E. border, 
and by the head branches of Schoharie cr., a tributary of 
Mohawk r. Surface diversified— in the S. and W. hilly and 
mountainous, and toward the N. E. more level. The 
mountains arc sterile, but in tlie valleys there is much fine 
land. Iron ore, and many other minerals, are abundant 
throughout the county, as are marble, building stone, etc. 
Farms 2,672 ; manuf. 4;!8 ; dwell. 6,745, and pop.— wh. 
82,232, fr. col. 894— total .3-3.126. Capital : Catskill. Pul- 
lie Works : Albany and Goshen E. II. 

Geeene county, K. Car. Situate E. centrally, and con- 
tains 182 sq. m. Drained by Mockasin r. and its affluents, 
which flow into the Neusc. Surface generally even ; soil 
mostly productive. Com and cotton are the leading crops, 
r.ice is also raised. This is the pine region, and tar, pilch, 
and turpentine figure largely in the exports. Farms 372; 
manuf. 37; dweU. 5S4, and pop.— wli. 8,259, fr. col. 116, si. 
8,244— total 6,619. Capital: Snow Hill. 

Gr.EESE county, Ohio. Situate S. W. centrally, and con- 
tains 334 sq. m. Drained in the N. W. by Mad r., and in 
other parts by the Little Miami and its affluents. Surface 
level or undulating; soil fertile and well timbered. The 
numerous streams afford many water privileges, and all 
crops, especially of grain, are very large. Farms 1,626 ; 
manuf. 132 ; dwell. 8,760, and pop.— wh. 21,460, fr. col. 4?6 

total 21,946. Capital: Senia. PuhUc Works: Little 

Miami E. E. ; Columbus and Xenia E. E. ; Mad Eiver and 
Lake Erie E. E. ; Dayton and Xcnia E. E., etc. 

Geeene county, Pmn. Situate in S. W. comer, and con- 
tains ,558 sq. m. Drained E. by branches of Monongahela 
r., which is its E. boundary, and W. by affluents of the 



Ohio. Surface mountainous, and water-power abundant 
soil very fertile, yielding great grain crops and supporting 
fine dairies. Timber plentiful, and much majde sugar 
made. Farms 1,7S9 ; manuf. 95 ; dwell. 8,777, and pop. — 
wh. 21,600, fr. col. 476— total 22,186 Capital : 'Waynesburg. 
Geefjie county, Tenn. Situate N. E., and contains 515 
eq. m. Drained by Licking cr. and Nolichucky r., heads 
of the Teimessee. Surface mountainous, with pleasant val- 
leys; soils very productive of the grains, and adapted to 
sheep and cattle, which are raised in great numbers. AVheat 
and com lead the products. Farms 1,346; manuf 47; 
dwell. 2,938, and pop.— wh. 16,.522, fr. col. 209, si. 1,093— 
total 17,824. Capital: Greenville. ruUia Wurk^: East 
Tennessee and Virginia E. E. 

Geeene county, Virg. Situate E. centrally at foot of 
Blue Eidge, and contains 118 sq. m. Drained by Conw.ay 
r., a head of the Eappahannock, and Eivanna r., a branch 
of the James. Surface elevated and broken, with fine 
water-power ; soil fertile, producing tobacco and the cereals 
abundantly. Farms 801 ; manuf. 24; dwell. 494, and pop. 
— wh. 2,667, fr. col. 84, d., 1,699— total 4,400. Capital: 
Stannardsville. 

Geeen-e county. Wise. Situate 8., and contains 592 sq. m. 
Drained by Petitonica r. and Sugar cr., head waters of Rock 
r., which runs through Illinois into the Mississippi. Sur- 
face level ; soils rich, with some prairie and good pasturage. 
The grains thrive abundantly. Lead mines are worked 
successfully, and copper is also found. Farms 76^3 ; manuf. 
45 ; dwell. 1,481, and pop.— wh. 8,668, fr. col. 0— total 8,668. 
Capital: Monroe. 

Geeene county, Ala. Situate "W. middle, and contains 
911 sq. m. Tombigbee r. forms its W. boundarj-, and the 
Black 'Warrior flows S. through the middle, by whose af- 
fluents it is drained. Surface varied, in parts hilly, in parts 
level meadow. Soil very fert'de, producing heavy crops of 
cotton, the staple, and com and some wheat. It has abund- 
ant water-power, and growing manufactures of flour, leather, 
cotton goods, and machinery. Farms 1,810; manuf. "1; 
dwell. 1,730, and pop.— wh. 9,265, fr. col. 49, si. 22,127— 
total 31,441. Capital : Eutaw. 

Geeene, t. and p. v., Kennebec co., Me. : 24 m. S. 'W. 
Augusta. Drained by ponds and rivulets of Androscoggin 
r., which makes its E. border. Surface level ; soil well 
adapted to grain producing. The v, is a pleasant place on 
the E. bank of the Androscoggin. The Androscoggin and 
Kennebec E. E. passes through the town. Pop. 1,847. 

Greene, p. v., Cape Girardeau co., Mo. : on Crooked cr., 
116 ra. S. E. Jefl'erson City. 

Geeene, t. and p. v., Chenango county, N. T.: 105 m. 
'W. 8. 'W. Albany. Drained by Chenango r. and its trib- 
utaries. Surface hilly and broken ; soil generally fertile. 
The v. is situate on the line of the canal where it crosses 
the river, and contains numerous stores, mechanic shops, 
and about 800 inhabitants. Pop. of t. 8,781. 

Geeene, p. c, Lancaster county, Fenn. : 44 m. E. by S. 
Harrisburg. 

Geeene, p. c, Noble coimty, Inil.: 114 m. N. N. E. 
Indianapolis. 

Geeene's Stoke, p. o., Lawrence county, Ohio: 96 m. 
S. S. E. Columbus. 

CcEEENFiELn, p. v., aud cap. Hancock co., Ind. : on the 
'W. side of Erandywine or Swamp cr., 20 m. E. Indianaj)- 
olis. It was settled in 1S2S, and contains a court-house and 
other CO. buildings, and about 600 inh.abitants. The Na- 
tional Road and the Indiana Central R. R. pass through it. 
The "Spectator," a weekly newspaper, is pulilishcd here. 

Greenfield, p. v., Greene CO., III. : ^i m. S.'W. Spriug- 
fleld. Pop. about 200. 

GBEE.vnELn, p. v., and cap. Dade CO., Mo. : about 1 m. 
'W. of Sac river, a branch of 0-sage river, 122 m. S. 'W. 
Jefferson City. 

GeeSnfiei.p, t.. p. 0., and cap. Franklin co., Mass. : 90 
m. 'W. by N. Boston. Drained by Greenfleld r., a branch 



GRE 



GRE 



of Dcerfield r., which affords cxcellont w.itfr-powL-r. ;Tur- 
faee varied ; soil fertile and well cultivated. The Connecli- 
cutr., the recipient of its waters, winds alon? ils S. E. bor- 
der. The V. is pleasantly situate and well built : it has 
churches of all denominations; several good academies and 
common schools, much trade, and is a raanufacturincr v\\- 
lage of considerable celebrity, its manufactures consisting 
of cutlerj". boots and ^oes, eastings, guns, pistols, rifles, and 
iron work generally, harness, saddles, and a great variety 
of articles of domestic utility. Boole publishing is also an 
ancient and valuable branch of business, and many works 
of lasting merit, especially on the subject of law, have issued 
from its press. It has three newspapers, the " Gazette and 
Courier" (whig), the "Franklin Ucmocraf (dem.), and Uie 
"Amerioau Kepublie" (^ free soil), all issued weekly. Cop- 
per and iron ores are found in this town. Pop. 2,5S0. 

Greeni-ip.lp, t. and p. v., Hillsborough co., JV; Bcimp.: 
2S m. S. W. Concord. Drained by affluents of Contoocook 
river, which flows along its W. border. There are also 
several large ponds. Surface hilly and uneven ; soil of 
moderate fertility ; the hills afford good pasturage, and the 
Talleys and plains are favorable for grain. Crotchet and 
Lyndeborough mountains are partly in this town. The v. 
is situate almost centrally, and is a neat agricultural settle- 
ment, indicative of the staple industry of the town, which is 
almost wholly devoted to farming. Pop. oft. 7U». 

GitEENFiELi), p. v., Poinsett county, Arl\: 97 m. N. E. 
Little Rock. 

Greesffeld, p. v., Ilighland county, Ohio: on the "W. 
side of Paint cr..4^ m. S. S. "SV. Columbus. There are nu- 
merous manufacturing establishments in the vicinity, and 
the village, through which will pass the Cincimiati, Ilills- 
boro', and Parkersburg U. E., is a flourishing place of 
gome 900 or 1,OUO inhabitants, with numerous stores and 
mechanic shops. A fine quality of limestone, suitable fur 
building, is quarried near the village. 

Greenfield, U and p. o., Erie co., Pen7i. : 204 ra. N. W. 
Harrisburg. Draiiit;d by N. branch of Prench cr. Surface 
diversified ; soil fertile. Pop. 929. 

GEEENFrELDip.v., Sullivan county, Tenn. : 24S m.E. byN. 
Nashville. 

Greenfield, p. v., Nelson county, Virg, : 82 m."W. by N. 
Eichmond. 

Greenfield, t. and p. v., MUwankie co.. Wise: 72 m. 
E. by S. Madison. Drained by creeks of Milwaukie and 
Eoot rivers. Surface level ; soil of great fertility, and deep. 
The v. lies on the N. branch of Eoot r., and contains about 
200 inhabitants, A plank road, running S. W. from Mil- 
waukie. passes through the town, intersecting the v. 8 m. 
from Mihvautie. Pop. 1,S94. 

Greenfield, t. and p. o., Hancock co., 3/e.: 91 m. N. E. 
Augusta. Drained by Olanion and Sunkhaze rivers, afflu- 
ents of Penobscot r. Surface uneven ; soil generally fer- 
tile. It is a fine grazing countrj', and is entirely devoted to 
forming. Pop. 305. 

Geeenfield Centre, p. v., Saratoga co., iVi Y. : 33 m. 
N. by "W. Albany. 

Greenfield Hill, p. o., Fairfield county, Conn. : 66 m. 
S. W. Hartford. 

Greenfield Mills, p. c, Frederick co., M'7. : on Mono- 
cacy r.. 6 m. above its confluence with the Potomac, and 11 
m. S. of Frederick City. There are 9 or 10 dwellings here, 
and about 60 inhabitants. The vicinity is thickly settled. 

Greenford, p. v., Mahoning county, Ohio: 139 m. N. E. 
Columbus. 

Green Grove, p. o., Luzemo co., Penn. : 87 m. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Green Hill, p. c, Stewart county, Ga. : 126 m. S. W. 
Millcdgeville. 

GreenHill, P.O., Lauderdale CO., ylAf.; 181 m.N.N.W. 
Mi^ntgf)mery. 

Green Hill, p. o., Columbiana co., Ohio: 181 m. N. E. 
Columbus. 



Gr.EEN Hill, p. o., Wilson county, Tenn,: 14 m. E. 
Nashville. 

Green Hh-l, p. o., Campbell CO., Virg. : 97 m. "W. S. W. 
Eichmond. 

Green Hill, p. o., Eutherford county, X. Car. : 21S m. 
W. S. W. Ealeigh. 

Green island, X. T. : in the Hudson r., opposite Troy. 
It is about 2 m. lung and half a mile wide. It is now used 
chiefly fur raih-oad depfils. 

Green Lake, t. and p. <>., Marquette co.. Wise: on the 
lake so called, 57 m. N. by E. Madison. Pop. 725. 

Green Land, t. and p. o., Eockingham co., X. Hamp. : 
39 m. 1'2. S. E. Concord. Drained into Great Bay, which 
lies on the N. border. Surface Uvel and low ; soil fertile, 
producing fruit and vegetables largi-ly for the markets of 
Portsmouth, from which it is distant 5 m. The t. has sev- 
eral mills and stores, and 739 inh-ibitants. 

Green Leaf, p. o., Do Soto co.. Miss. : 159 m. N. by E. 
Jackson. 

Green Levex, p. 0., Southampton county, Virff. : 62 m. 
S. S. E. Eichmond. 

Geef-x Levf.l, p. o., "Wake co., X. Car. 

Green Meadow, p. o., Washington co., Tenn. : 240 m.E. 
Nashville. 

Green Mocst, p. o., Adams co., Penn. : 4S m. S. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Green mountains, Venn. : a northern range of the 
Alleghany Mountains, rising in Canada East, and passing 
in a direction N. and S. through Vermont, Massachusetts, 
aud Connecticut, and terminating near New Haven, on 
Long Island Sound. Their verdant appearance originated 
their nomenclature, and also gave name to the State of Ver- 
mont. They decrease in height as they approach the S. 
Mansfleld Mountain, the highest peak of the range, is 4,279 
feet above the sea level ; Camel'sKump, 4,190 feet; Killing- 
ton Peak, 3.GT5 feet ; and Ascutney Mountain, 3,320 feet. 

Geefjs- Oak, t. and p. o., Livingston co., Mich. : 47 m. 
E. S. E. Lansing. Drained by the upper waters of Huron r. 
and several lakes emptying into it. Surface level; soil 
deep and fertile. Timber is abundant. Pop. 941. 

Greenock, p. v., Crittenden co., Arl: : on the W. bank 
of Mississippi r,, 136 m. E. N. E. Little Eock. 

Green Plains, p. o., Hancock co., III. : 93 m. W. N. W. 
Springfleld. 

Green Plains, p. o., Northampton co., X. Car. : 81 m, 
N. E. Ealeigh. 

Green Plains, p. o., St Francis co., Ark. : 76 m. E. N. E. 
Little Eock. 

Green Point, p. v., Kings co., X.Y.:iii the confluence 
of Newtown cr. with the East r., opposite New York City, 
and above Williamsburg. This is a new village, chiefly 
built up by persons doing business in New York, an<l who 
have their residences here. The improvements within a 
year or two have been great, and it has many substantial 
brick houses, etc. Pop. about 8,000. 

Green Pond, p. o., Union dist., S. Car, : 81 m. N. N. "W. 
Columbia. 

Greenpokt, p. v., Suffolk co., X. Y. : near the end of the 
N. E. caudal extremity of Long Island, 124 m. S. E. Albany, 
and by railroad 95 m. from New York City. The steamboat 
route across the Sound to Stonington is 20 m. It is a thriv- 
ing village, with numerous mechanic shops, stores, etc., a 
weekly newspaper, the " Eepublican Watchman," and 
about 800 inhabitants. Several whaling vessels and nume- 
rous coasters are owned here. The harbor is deep, capa- 
cious, well sheltered, and seldom closed by ice ; it is one o( 
the best on the coast, and admits the largest class of shijiping. 

Greesport, p. v., Cedar county, Mo.: 102 m. S. W« 
Jefferson City. 

Green Elver, p. o., Henry co., III.: on an affluent of 
Eock r. so called, US m. N. N. W. Springfleld. 

Green Eiveb, p. c, Columbia county, A'". }'. .• 31 m. S. E. 
Albany. 

263 



GRE 



GllE 



Green Eiver, p. o-jTVindham co.. Verm. : on the W. side 
of the r. so called, lOS m. S. Montpelier. 

Gkern Kiver, p. o., Rutherford co., jV. Car. : on the r. so 
called, 204 m.W. S.W. Raleigh. 

Green Ritee, p. o., Hart co., JTy. : on the r. so called, 
93 ra. S. "W. Frankfort. 

Green river, Ky. : a large trihutary of Ohio r. It riacs 
in the highlands of Lincoln County, and after a course 
generally W. and N. W., enters the Ohio r, 50 m. above the 
mouth of Cumberland r., and 200 m. below Louisville. It 
IS 200 yards wide at its mouth, and is boatable for more than 
200 miles. 

Green's, p. c, Polk county, Tecc. : 1S4 m. E. by N. 
Austin City. 

Green's Blittf, p. o., Jefferson co., Tea!. : on Ncchcs r., 
232 m. E. Austin City. 

Gkeensborough, p. v., Green county, Ala. : 79 ra. 
"W. N. W. Montgomery. The vicinity is famous for its fine 
cotton. 

Gheensborougii, p. v., and cap. Greene co., Ga. : on the 
Georgia R. E., 84 m. from Augusta, and S7 m. from Atlanta 
— S6 m. N. Milledgeville. 

GREENSBOROFGn, p. V., Hcnry co., ImJ. ■ on Duck cr. of 
Blue r.. 36 m. E. by N. Indianapolis. Pop. about 300. The 
Fort "Wayne and Southern R. R. will pass near or through 
this village. 

Geeensborough, p. v., Caroline co., Jfd. : on tlie "W. side 
of Choptank r., 43 m. E. Annapolis. 

GREENSBORoiTGn, p. V., and cap. Choctaw co.. Miss. : on 
one of the head branches of Big Black r., 93 m N. N. E. 
Jackson. It contains a court-house, etc., and about 400 in- 
habitants. The vicinity is a fine cotton region, and is well 
settled . 

GcEENSBOEOiTGH, p. V., and cap. Guilford co., N. Car.: 
between the N. and P. branches of Buffalo cr. of Ilaw r., 75 
m. W. N. W. Raleigh. It contains a court-house, jail, etc., 
several stores, and about 600 inhabitants. Two periodicals 
are published here — a weekly, the " G. Patriot'' (whig), and 
the "Common School Advocate" (educat.), monthly. It is 
on the line of the North Carolina K. R., and the 8. terminus 
of the Danville R. R. 

Gbeensborough, p. v., Greene co., Pejitr. : on the W. 
side ofMonongahela r., 16S m. W. S. W. Ilarrisburg. 

Greensborocgh, t., Orleans co.. Verm. : 29 m. N. E. by N. 
Montpelier. Drained by the heads of Lamoille r. Caspian 
and other lakes are in this t., the outlets of which afford 
water-power. Surface uneven ; soil moderately fertile. 
The V. on Lamoille r. is a small settlement, and has several 
mills. Pop. 1,00S. 

Greensborough, p. v., and cap. Decatur co., Irid. : on 
the heads of Sand cr., 46 m. S. E. Indianapolis. It was laid 
out in 1S21, and contains a court-house, etc., numerous 
stores and mechanic shops, about 200 dwellings, and a pop- 
ulation of 1,200. A newspaper, the *• Clarion," is published 
weekly. The Lawrenc*burg and Upper Mississippi R. R,, 
and the Michigan Road pass through the village. The 
eountrj' is fine rolling prairie, and has a rich soil. 

GBZEXSBrRon, p. v., and cap. Greene co., Ky. : on the 
right bank of Greene r., 69 m. S. S. W. Frankfort. It con- 
tains a court-house, jail, etc., and about 600 inhabitants. 
The Nashville and Lexington R. R. will probably pass 
through this village. 

Greensburrh. p. v., and cap. St. ITclena par.. La. : on 
the W. side of Tickfau r., 42 m. N. E. Baton Rouge. It has 
n court-house and other county buildings, a I'nited Slalfs 
Land Office, and about 200 inhabitants. The Tickfau 
empties into Lake Maurepas. 

GREEssBcKGn, p. V., Grccne county. Ark. : 147 m. N. E. 
Little Rock. 

GREENSBUEcn, p. V., Trumbull co,, Ohio: 156 m. N. E. 
Columbus. It contains several mills and mechanic shops, 
with stores, etc.. and about 400 inhabitants. 
Greensburgu, p. b., and cap. Westmoreland co., Penn. : 
264 



146 m. "W. Harrisburg. It contains a court-house, jail, etc, 
several churches of different denominations, several facto- 
ries, numerous stores and mechanic shops, about 180 dwell- 
ings, and 1,050 inhabitants. Three newspapers are pub- 
lished in the borough, viz. : the " Pennsylvania Argus" 
(dem.), the " Westmoreland Intelligencer" (whig), and tho 
" Westmoreland Republic"— aU weekly issues. It is an im- 
portant depSt of Internal trade, at which the Ilcmpfleld R. R. 
will form a junction with the Pennsylvania system of rail- 
roads. 

Green's CoEireEs, p. v., Oneida co., K. Y. : 96 m.W. N. W. 
Albany. It is on the line of the SjTacusc and Utica K. R., 
19 m. from Utica, and 34 from Syracuse. 

GREENSBiTRGn Crobs Roads, p. 0., Sandwsky co., Ohio. 
92 m. N. N. W. Columbus. 

Green's Fork, p. o.,Wayne co., Ind. : on a fork of Wliito 
Water r. so chilled, 5S m. E. by N. Indianapolis. The New- 
castle and Richmond R. R. crosses the stream at this point. 
Greenspoet, p. v., SL Clair county, Ala. : 97 m. N. 
Montgomery. 

Green Spring, p. o., Orange county, K. Car. : 47 m. N. W. 
Raleigh. 

Green Spring, p. o., Seneca county, Ohio : 84 m. N. 
Columbus. 

Green Spring Rcn, p. o., Ilampshire co-iVirg.: 167 m, 
N. N. W. Richmond. 

Greenton, p. v., Lafayette co., Mo. : 106 m. W. N. W. 
Jefferson City. 

Green Top, p. o., Schuyler co., Mo. : 137 m. N. N. W. 
Jefferson City. 

Greentown, p. T., Stark county, Ohio: 106 m. N. E. 
Columbus. 

Greentown, p. v., Howard co., Ind, : on "Wild Cat cr., 49 
m. N. by E. Indianapolis. 

Green Tree, p. o., Alleghanv county, Perm.. : 178 m. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Greenup county, Kjj. Situate N. E. comer, and con- 
tains 839 sq. m. Drained by Tygert's cr. and Big and Little 
Sandy rivers, all which empty into the Ohio, which forms 
its N. and N. E. boundary. Big Sandy r. also separates tho 
States of Yirginiaand Kentucky. Surface somewhat rough, 
except on the rivers, where the soil is very rich. The higher 
parts abound in coal and iron. Com and wheat are easily 
raised. Farms 4.53; manuf. 20; dwell. 1,529, and pop. — 
wh. S,99S, fr. col. 50, si. 606— total 9,654. Capit<il: Green- 
upslmrg. PiihlicyVorka : Maysville and Big Sandy R. R. 
Greenup, p. v., and cap. Greenup co., Kfj.: on the S. 
bank of the Ohio r., at the mouth of Little Sandy r., 123 m. 
E. by N. Frankfort. It is an important commercial point, 
and is intersected by the line of the Maysville and Big Sandy 
R. R. The T. contains a court-house and other co. build- 
ings, sevenal groceries and stores, and between 400 and 50O 
inhabitants. 

Greenup, p. v., Cumberland co., PL : on tho E. bank of 
Embarras r., S6 m. E. S. E. Springfield. 

Greenvale, p. o., Jo Daviess co., lU. : 176 ra. N. by W. 
Springfield. 

Green Vau-ev, p. o,, Bath co., Tirg. : 133 m. W. by N, 
Richmond. 

Green Valley, p. o., Lafayette county, Miss. : 138 m. 
N. by E. Jackson. 
Green Yillage. p. v., Franklin co., Peim. 
Greenttlle district, S. Car. Situate N.W., and contnins 
723 sq. m. Drained by Saluda r. in the W. ; and in the E. 
by Ennoree r., hoih head streams of Congaree ami Santee 
rivers. Surface elevated, and in the N. much broken, with 
many mill-streams. The soil is productive of all the grains, 
and cotton ismuch raised. Farmsl.06S; manuf. 55; dwcU. 
2.351, and pop.— wb. 13.872, fr. col. 93, si. 6.691— total 20,156. 
Cipital: Greenville. Public Works: Greenville and Co- 
lumbia R. R. 

Greenville county, Virg. Situate on S. line, and con- 
taiiis 443 sq. m. Drained S. by Meherrin r., and N. by Not- 



GRE 



ORE 



la way r., its N. boumlary, both whicli empty into the Chowan 
through North Carolina, Surface diversilk'd, and soils of 
good fertihty. Corn, cotton, and tobacco yielil largely, and 
arc staples. Farms 2-12; manuf. 3; dwell. 3s5, and pup.— 
wh. 1,731, fr. col. 123, si. 3,TS5— total 5.639. Capital : Ilicks- 
ford. Public TTorA-s ; Greenville and Iloauoko II. K- ; I'e- 
tersburg and Weldon R. R. 

Greenville, p. v., and cap. Bntlor co., Aln. : on the W. 
side of Sepulgah r., 41 m. f^. 9. W. Montgonierj'. It is a 
considerable village, and an important point in relatinn to 
the railway system of the State, being the point nf jimetiun 
of the Girard and Mobile R. R. and of Ihe Montgomery and 
Mobile R. R. 

Greekville. p. v., and cap. Merriwether co., Ga.: SS 
ni.W. Milledgcville. It contains a court-house, etc., several 
■ stores, and about 300 inhabitants. 

Greexville, p. v., Floyd county, Ind. : 97 m. S. by E. 
Iniiianapolis. It contains several stores, etc., and about 3oQ 
inhabitants. 

GREE^■\^LLE, p. v., and cap. Bond co., III.: on the E. 
fork of Shoal cr. of Kaskaskia r., 6G m. S. by E. Springfield. 
It has a court-house, jail, etc., several mechanic shops and 
stores, and about 40n inhabitants. The " G. Journal" is 
published weekly, and the " Western Fountain," a Meth- 
odist periodical, serai-monthly 

Greenville, p. v., and cap. Mecklenburgh co., Ki/. : on 
an affluent of Green r., 147 ni. W. S. W. Frankfort. It con- 
tains a court-house and other co. buildings, and about ICO 
inhabitants. The vicinity is a fine fanning region, and 
thickly settled with an industrious population. 

Greenville, p. v., and cap. Wayne co., 3fo.: on the E. 
bank of St. Francois r., 140 m. S. E. Jefferson City. It coi> 
tains a court-house, several stores, and about 300 inhab- 
itants. 

Greentille, t. and p. o., Piscataquis co,, 3fe. : 86 m. N. 
Augusta. Drained in the E. by Wilson's r. of the Sebec, 
and in the W. by streams running to Moosehead Lake, a 
8. arm of which penetrates into this town. Surface hilly; 
soils good for farming, and the iudustrj- of the inhabitants is 
chiefly devoted to agriculture. There is a small v. or settle- 
ment on the lake. Pop. oft. 326. 

Greentille, p. v., and cap. Pitt co., N', Car. : on the S. 
side of Tar river, 35 m. above its confluence with Pamlico 
Sound, 83 m. E. by S. Raleigh. It contains a court-house, 
jail, etc., and about 400 inhabitants. 

Greentille, p. v., Sussex county, y. Jer. : 51 m. N, 
Trenton. 

GnEBNViLLE, p. v., Brown co., Wise. : 129 in. N. E. by N. 
Madison. 

Greentille, p. v., and cap. Hunt county, Tkr. : 244 m. 
N, N. E. Austin City. 

Geeexville, t. and p. v., Greene co., .V. Y. : 23 m. S. W. 
Albany. Drained by Provost and Catskill creeks. Surface 
broken and hilly ; soil clay loam and fertile in grass. The 
T. lies on Provost cr. Pop. of t. 2.242. 

Greenville. L, p. v., and cap. Darke co., Ohio : drained 
by several tributaries of Greenville cr. of the Miami r. 
Surface diversified ; soil deep and rich, forming one of the 
finest farming towns in the Slate. The v. is situate on the 8. 
side of Greenville cr., and below the junction of Mud cr., 81 
m. W. by N. Columbus, and on the site of old Fort Green- 
ville, where General Wayne concluded his treaty of peace 
■with the Indians in 1705. It contains a handsome court- 
house, a jail, several mechanic shops, manufacturing estab- 
lishments and stores, and about 1,044 inhabitants. Two 
newspapers are published here, the " G. JoumaP (whigt, 
and the "Democratic Iler.ald" (dem.), weekly issues. The 
Greenville and Miami R. R. passes through the v., con- 
necting it with Cincinnati an<l other Ohio cities, and with 
the railroad system centering at Indianapolis, Pop. of t. 
3,416, 

Greentille, p. v.. Providence co., i?. /. ; m. W. N. W. 
Providence. 

K3 



Greenville, p. v., New London co.. Conn.: on the line 
of the Norwich and Worcester R. K., 1 m, N. Norwieli, and 
36 S. E. Uartford. 

Greenville, p. v., and cap. Greenville dist., .S'. Oir. : 
near the head of Reedy r. of the Saluda. 106 m. N. W. 
Columbia, or, by way of Greenville and Columbia R. R., 
140 m. from Columbia. It contains a court-house, jail, and 
district offices, 4 churches, a market-house, 2 acadcmie.s 
several mechanic shops, 21 stores of various deseriplions, 
and about 1.2U0 inhabitants. Two newspapers are published 
licre, the "Southern Patriot," a tri-weekly, and the " G 
Mountaineer," a weekly. 

Greenville, p. v., and cap. Greene co., Tenn.: about 4 
m. N. W. Nolichueky r., and 222 m. E. Nashville. It is 
pleasantly located on an elevated site, and contains the 
court-house, jad, etc., an<i many stores and mechauic 
shops, and here is published a newspaper, the " G. Spy" 
(dem,), a weekly issue. Near the v. is Tusculum College, 
founded in 1&43; in 3850 it had two professors and 136 
studenls. Pop. about 700. 

Greentille, p. v., Augusta co., Yirg.: on South r., an 
affluent of S. branch of Slienandoah r., 95 m. W. by N. 
Richmond. It contains mills, mechanic shops, and factories 
driven by water-power, several stores, and about 300 in- 
habitants. 

Greentille, p. o., Montcalm CO., Mich.: 46 m. N. W. 
Lansing. 

Greentille, p. v., and cap. Washington co., i)//.5-?. .- on 
the E. bank of the Mississippi r., opposite Point Cliieot, 91 
ra. N. W. Jackson. It contains a court-house, etc., and a 
few dwellings. 

Greelvwich, t. and p. v.. Fairfield co,, Conn. : llie most 
south-wcstenitownslii]) in New England, 76 m. S. W. Hart- 
ford. Drained by Byram, Maharness, and other rivers, and 
bounded S. by Long Island Sound. Surface rough and 
uneven; soil generally fertile and productive. There are 
three several parishes and as many villages in the town. 
The New York and New Haven R. R. passes through it^ 
and there are several good landing-^ilaces on the Sound. 
Many persons doing business in New York city have their 
residences in this town, the growth of which has been rapid 
since the opening of the railroad. Pop, in 1S40, 3,921 ; in 
1S50, 5,040. 

Greenwich, t. and p, v., Hampshiro co., Mass.: 66 m. 
W. Boston. Drained by Swift r. of the Chicopee, which 
affords extensive water-power. The t, has some manufac- 
tures. The principal v. is located centrally on Swift r., 
about 3 m. S. of Greenwich village. Pop. of t. S3S. 

Greenwich, t. and p. o., Cumberland co., iV. Jer. : 45 m. 
8. S. W. Trenton. Draine<l by Newport, Stow, Cohansey, 
Mill, and I'ine Mount creeks. Surface level ; soil clay and 
loam, fertile and well cultivated. Pop. 1,15S. 

Greenwich, t. and p. o., Washington co., N. K / 82 m. 
N. by E. Albany. Drained by B-ittenkill and oilier creeks 
of Ilufison r., which bounds it W. Surface uneven : soil a 
gravelly loam. There are numerous mills and factories in 
the t., and a newspaper, the " Union Journal" (whig), is 
issued weekly. The Champlain Canal passes along the 
Hudson. Pop. 3,803, 

Greenwich, t. and p. v., Huron co., Ohio : 76 m. N. N. E. 
Columbus. Drained by branches of Vermillion r. Surface 
diversified ; soils deep and fertile. The v. is on the line of 
the Cleveland, Columbus, and Cincinnati R. R., 54 m. from 
Cleveland, and is a place of considerable business. In the 
t. there are numerous mills and several manufacturing es- 
tablishments, and 1,050 inhabitants. 

Greenwich Village, p. v., Humpshiro co., Mass. : on 
Swifi r., 60 m. W. Boston. It has some manuT-ictures. 

Greenwood, p. v., Johnson co., Ind.: on the line of tho 
Madison and Indianapolis R. R., 10 m. S. Indianapolis. 
The V. contains several stores and about 350 inhahitanls. 

Greenwood, p. v., Marquette co.. Wise. : Gl m. N. by E. 
Madison. 

265 



GBE 



GIIO 



Caddo par., La. : 212 m. N. W. 



Greknwood, 
Batun Rouge. 

GKEE.NWOOD, p. v., De Kalb co., Akt. ; 102 m. N. by E. 
Moiitf:ouii!ry. 

Gur.ENwoon, t. and p. v., Oxford oounly, Me. : 46 m. W. 
Augusltt. Drained by ponds which are Iho sources of 
Lilllc Auilroscoggiu r. The v., a small agricultural sellk- 
mcnt, is situate in the 8. part of the I. Agrieulluro, for 
which the soils are well adapted, is the chief cmiiloyincnt 
of tJie inlial>itants. Pop. 1,118. 

GuicESwooD, p. o., Doddridge CO., Virg. : 209 m. N. W. 
Riehinond. 

Ciu:enwoou, p. v., Carroll co.. Miss.: S4 m. N. by E. 
Jaelison. 

Gkbknwood, p. v., Mcllenry co., III.: 132 m. N. by E. 
Springfield. 

GiiKiiNwoon, t. and p. c, Steuben oo., JV; Y. : 198 m. 
TV. by S. Albany. Drained by liennetrs and other creeks 
of Canistoo r. Surface hilly and fine for grazing. Pop. 
1,1S5. 

Ghkenwood, p. v., Sumner CO., Tenn.: 81 m. N. by E. 
Nashville. 

GiiEENwooD, t and p. o., Columbia CO., Penn.: 63 m. 
N. N. E. llarrisburg. Drained by trilnitarics of Fishing cr. 
Surface diversifled ; soil good for grass and grain. There 
are several mills and factories in the t., and 1,826 inhabit- 
ants. 

GEHEK-nooD, p. v., Jackson co., Ftor. : 63 m. W. N. W. 
Tallahassee, 

GBEESWooD.p. v., Abbeville disU, S. Car.: 71 m. W. N. W. 
Columbia, or, by route of Greenville and Columbia K. E., 
85 m. from Columbia. 

Greenwood, v., Laurens dist, S. Car.: 77 m. N. W. 
Columbia. 

Geee.nwood, p. v.. Union county, Ga. : 142 m. N. by W. 
Millcdgeville. 

GKEii.\wooD Furnace, p. o., Huntingdon co., I'enn. : 66 
m. \V. llarrisburg. 

Geegoei's Mill, p. o., Granville co., 2f. Car. : 49 m. N. 
Kaleigli. 

Geeigsville, p. v., Livingston CO., y. Y. : on the W. side 
of Genesee r., and on the line of the Genesee Valley Canal, 
204 m. W. by N. Albany. 

Gkkiosville, p. v., Preston co., Viiy. : 1S7 m. N. W. 
Itichmond. 

Grenada, p. v., Tallabuslia co., Miss.: on the S. side of 
Tallabiisha r., 100 m. N. by E. Jackson. It is the scat of a 
United States Land Office, and has a newspaper, the " G. 
Republican" (whig), a weekly issue. Pop. about 400. 
Grey Rock, p. o., Uartford eo., Md. 
Gkevsville, p. v., Sullivan co., Intl. : &J m. W. S. TV. 
Indianapolis. 

GiiiFiiN, p. v., Pike county, Ga.: 68 m. W. N. W. 
MillcdgeviHe. It is situate on the Macon and Western R. R., 
68 m. from Macon, and iH m. from Atlanta. This village 
has become a point of much comnicree, and is one of the 
most important railroad stations in the State. 

Geiffin's p. 0., Johnson county, Ark.: 86 W. N. W. 
Lilllc Rock. 

GRirnNSBnEoii, p. v., Culpepper co., Virg. : on a branch 
of Rappahannock r., 76 m. N. N. W. Richmond. 

Griffin's Cheek, p. o., Benton CO., Ala. : 94 m. N. by E. 
Montgomery. 

GiirFTiN's Mills, p. v., Eric co., N. T : on Cazenovo cr., 
246 ra. W. Albany. It has several saw and other mills, 
stores, etc., and about 30 dwellings. 

Griffds's Mills, p. 0., Lowndes CO., Ga. : 157 m. S. 
MilledgeviUe. 
Griffitii's, p. o., Nioliolas co., Ky. : 68 m. E. Frankfort. 
Griffitiisville, p. v., CabeU CO., Virg. : 24S m. W. N.W. 
Richmond. 

GttifiosTowN, p. v., Somerset co., X Jfr. : on the E. side 
of Millstone r., 23 m. N. by E. Trenton. The Delaware 
2C6 



and Rarilan Canal passes through iL It is a small v. of 
some 12 or 15 dwellings. 

Grioqsville, p. v.. Pike co.. III. : 5S m. TV. by ?. Spring- 
field. It is situate on the margin of a large undulating 
prairie, about 6 m. W. of Naples, on the Illinois river. 

Griues county, Tex. Situate E. centrally, and contains 
1,2SS sq. m. Drained in the W. by affluents of Navasoto r., 
which forms its W. boundary, and empties into the lirazos, 
which bounds it S. W.; in the E. and S. by branches of 
the Trinity and head streams of the San Jacinto, both 
which empty into Galveston Bay. Surface in the N. hilly, 
but elsewhere undulating or level, with small prairies; 
sr.il of the bottoms a deep, rich, black mold of inexhaust- 
ible fertility— on the high land thin, and in the prairies af- 
fords excellent grazing. On the streams are immense for- 
ests of valuable timber— pine in the W., oak, cedar, and 
ash in the E. Sulphur springs and iron ore are found. 
Farms 217; manuf. 0; dwell. 405, and pop.- wh. 12,328, 
fr. col. 0, si. 1,0S0— total 14,008. Capital: Anderson. 

GRniEsviLLE, p. v.. Grimes co., Tm. : 112 m. E. N. E. 
Austin City. 
Geimville, p. v., Berks co., Penn.: 66 m. E. llarrisburg. 
Gelndstone, p. 0., Daviess comity. Mo. : 142 m. N. W. 
Jefferson City. 

Grindstone Point, p. v., De Kalb co., Mo.: on Grind- 
stone cr., 144 m. N. W. JelTerson City. 

Geiswold, L and p. o., New London co.. Conn. : 39 m. 
E. by S. Hartford. Drained by Pachaug r. and other 
streams tributaries of Quinebaug r. Jewett City, a place 
of considerable mauuftictures, is situate at the confluence 
of the Pachaug, and is intersected by the Norwich and 
Worcester R. R. The water-power of these streams is 
immense. Pop. of t. 2,065. 

Gribwold, p. v., Hamilton county. III.: 188 m. S. S. B. 
Springlleld. 

Gkiswold'b Mills, p. o., Washington co.. A'. 3'. : 63 m. 
N. by E. Albany. 

Geiswoliistille, p. v., Jones CO., Ga. : on the Central 
R. R., 24 m. S. W. MilledgeviUe. 

OniswoLDsviLLE, p. v., Franklin county, Mass.: 77 in. 
W. by N. Boston. 

Grogansville, p. v., Rockingham co., N. Car. : 89 m. 
W. N.W.Raleigh. 
Groom's Cornee, p. o., Saratoga co., N. Y. 
Grooveevii.le, p. v., Thomas co., Ga.: about 3 m. W. 
of Ocilla r., 170 m. S. S. W. MilledgeviUe. 

Grosse Isle, p. o., Wayne county, Mich. : 80 m. 8. E. 
Lansing. Grosse Isle, the largest island of Detroit Strait, 
is situate at its mouth and extends up the strait, interlock- 
ing with Fighting Island. It is S m. long and from 1 to 2 
bn.ad, with a surface of about 12 sq. m. It constitutes the 
I. of Monguagon. 

Geoss Tete, p. 0., Iberville par.. La. : 36 m. S. Baton 
Rouge. 

GiioTON, t. .and p. o., New London co.. Conn. ; 89 m. 8. E. 
Hartford. It occupies a peninsula jutting toward Long 
Island Sound, and bounded E. by Mystic r. ami W. by 
Thames r. It has a good hiu-bor on Mystic r., and some 
whaling and other shipping is owned here. The New 
London and Stoninglon R. R. passes through the t. Sur- 
face hilly and roeky ; soil indilTerent, exee])t along the 
Thames. There are several villages in the t, : Gnilon 
Bank, opposite New London ; Portersville, on the Mystic ; 
Paquonuck, and Groton Centre. Old Fort Griswold, one 
of the fortifications of New London Harbor, is on Groton 
Heights. A monument is here erected to the memory of 
the defenders of New London, who fell in the attack of 
Arnold on that place in 1781. Pop. of t. 8,743. 

Groton, t. and p. v., Middlesex Co., Mass. : 31 m. N. W. 
Boston. Drained by Nashua and Squanccook rivers, and 
it has a number of beautiful ponds. Surface diversifle<l ; 
soils of extraordinary fertility. Groton is a 1. of great 
wealth, and is the residence of many of the first families of 



GRO 



GUE 



thu State. At GroUJU Jimclion no les3 than six railroads 
form a union, diverging in every direction. Here are im- 
mense depots, wart-houses, etc., an<l a considerable v. 
Groton Cunlre is about 8 ni. N. of tliis v. The t. has con- 
siderable manufactures, nieclianic and niaeliine shops, lis 
population lias greatly increased of late years: in is-IO it 
was -2,1:19, and iu 1^50, 2.515. 

Gr.OToN, t. and }>. v., Grafton county, X. Iliunp. : 39 m. 
N. N. W. Concord. Drained by IJaker's r. ; and it has 
several pnnds. The river affords water-power. Surface 
diversified; soil fertile. There is a small v. in the t., and it 
has some small manufactures, but the people are chiefly 
agriculturials. Pop. of t. 776. 

Gruton, t. and p. v., Tonipkins co., N. T.: 129 m. W. 
Albany. Drained by Fall and other creeks. Surface un- 
dulating; soil, gravelly loam, and fertile. The v., on a 
creek of Owaaco Lake, contains several mills and manufae- 
luring eslablishmeDls,aud has about 4U0 inhabitants. Pop. 
of t 3,;i4:j. 

Gkoti-'N, p. o., Huron en,, 0?uo. 

Gboton. t. and p. v., Caledonia county. Verm, : 10 ra. K. 
Montpelier. Drained by "Wills r. and its affluents. There 
aro several large ponds in the t., at the outlets of which are 
fine miU-silea. Surface uneven ; soil various, but generally 
good for grass. The v. is on IrVills r., and has several mills. 
Pop. S95. 

Gboton City, p. v., Tompkins county, K T.: 132 m-TiV. 
Albany. 

GuorsE, p. 0., Kane county, 7/^. ; on Sugar cr., 147 m. 
N. N. E. Springfield. 

GiiOUT'8 CoKNEiis. p. o., Franklin county, Mms. : 75 m, 
y\\ N. W. IJoslon. The Vermont and Massachusetts K. li. 
has a station here, and at this point forms a junction with 
the i?raltleboro' Bmneh 11. li., which diverges north, and 
the Amherst and Belchertown It. K., which goes south. 
There is a small v. here, with a tavern, etc. 

Gp.ove, p. o., Chatliam co., K. Car. : 22 m. W. Ealeigh. 

Geovk, t. and p. o., Alleghany co., X. Y.: 20G m. "W. 
Albany. Drained by Cashaque and Canaseraga creeks. 
Surface undulating; soil saudy loam. Pop. 1,154. 

GuovE Ckkek, p. o., Jones co,. /(/. ,■ on a creek ofMako- 
quela r. so called, 44 m. N. by E. Iowa City. 

Grove Farm, p. o., Henderson co., III. : 9S ra. N. "W". 
Springfield. 

GiiovE IliLi^ p. o., Clark co., Ala.: lOS m. "W. S. "W. 
Montgomery. 

GuovE Hill, p. o., Warren co., JV. Car.: on the N. side 
of Fishing cr.. 47 m. N. N. E, Kaleigh. 

Grove Hill, p. o., Page county, Virg. : 93 m. N. "W. 
liiehmond. 

Geovf. Hill, p. o., Jackson parish, Za. : 152 m. N. "W. 
Baton Kouge. 

Geoveland, p. v., Tazewell county, III.: 50 m. N. 
Bpringflcld. 

Grovj:i.and, p. o., Essex co,, ^faflfi. 

Groveland, t. and p, o., Oaklanti co., Jfirh. ; G7 m. E. 
Lansing. Drained by affluents of Clinton river. Surface 
moslly level. Timber is very abundant. Pop. 9sO. 

Groveland, t. and p. v., Livingston co., A'^ 1* ,* 201 m. 
"W*. by N. Albany. Conesus Lake lies on the N. E. corner. 
Drained by Canaseraga cr. of Genesee r. Surface elevated 
and ridgy ; soil, sand and clay loam. The Genesee Val- 
ley Canal pas.-ies through this t. to Danville. Pop. 1,724. 

Obovei.ani>, p. o., Fulton county, Ohio: 127 ra. N. W. 
Columbus. 

Grovkland, p. v., "Winnebago co,, Wise. : 91 m. N. N. E. 
Madison. 

Groveland Centre, p. c, Livingston CO., K. Y. : 204 m. 
W. Albany. 

Grove Level, p. c, Franklin county, Ga. : 95 m. N. 
Milledgeville. 

Grove Mount, p. o., Dyer county, Tenn.: 151 m. W. 
KaBhvillc. 



Grovenou's Corners, p. o., Schoharie co., X. Y. 

Grove Port, p. o., Franklin co., Ohio. 

Gbovk'8, p. 0., Eush county, InU.: 42 m. E. by S. 
Indianapolis. 

GuovKToN, p. v., Prince William co., Virg. : &5 m. N. 
Iktchmond. 

Grovkvillk, p. v., Mercer co., K. Jer. 

GnriiB's Mills, p. o., Putnam co., Iiid. : 40 m. W. by S. 
Indianapoli.s. 

Grub Springb, p. o., Monroe co,, MiJit.: 147 m. N. E. 
Jackson. 

Grunpv counly, III. Situate N. E., and contains 324 
sq. m. The Illinois r. divides the county, running from K. 
to W.; the junction of Des Plaines and Kimkaki-e rivers, 
which form it, being on its K. Ixmler. Surface undulaling 
and ijrairie land ; soils rich, without niueli timber. AValcr- 
power abundant, and eoal is lound. Sulphur si)rings exist 
in S. part. Farms 217; manuf. 0; dwell. 54-S, and pop.— 
wh. 8,021, fr. col. 2— total 3,023. Cajyttal : Morris. PuUio 
Work:-i: Illinois and Michigan Canal ; Chicago and Kock 
Island li. K. ; Chicago and Mississippi R. K. 

Gkundv county, ht. Situate centrally, and c<:'ntain9 501 
sq. m. Drained by Black Hawk cr. and other affluents of 
Cedar r., which empties into the Iowa and Mississippi. 
Surface generally rolling, and soil productive, with some 
good timber. Unorganized in 1S50. 

Grundy county. Mo. Situate N., and contains 451 sq. m. 
Drained by E. fork of Grand r., Waldon r., and other afflu- 
ents of Grand r.,a branch of the Missouri. Surface moslly 
even, and soil rich prairie or good pasture ground. Farms 
255; manuf. 5; dwell. 477, an<l pop. — wb. 2,750, fr. col. 1, 
si. 149— total 2,906. Capital: Trenton. 

Guadalupe ccjunty, 7^x. Situate S. centrally, and con- 
tains 912 sq. m. Drained by Guadalupe r, which divides 
it about equally, and is a largo and important stream; in 
the N. E. by San Marco r., its N. E. boundary, and in the 
S. W. by Cibolo r., its S. W. boundary. Surface broken in 
the W., but generally a rolling prairie; soil on tlie rivers, 
the charr\cteristic black mold of the region, inexhaustible 
in its fertility; between them sand is mixed with it, but it 
is ver\" productive. Cotton and the grains are abundantly 
produced ; sugar-cane is also cultivated. Iron ore abounds 
in N. and W., and deposites of lime, or chalk-beds, are 
near the streams. Sulphur springs are in the S., and the 
streams are bordered with heavy timber. Farms 101 ; 
manuf. 3; dwell. 216, and pop.— wh. 1,171, fr. eol. 5, si. 335 
-total 1,511. Capitol: Seguin. 

Guadalupe, p. v., Victoria co., Tex.: on the Guadalupe 
river, 122 m. S. S. E. Austin City. 

Guadalupe mountairw, Tlsr.; a long range of hills lying 
between the liio Puerco, or Pecos, ami the heads of the 
lied, Brazos, Guadalupe, and Colorado rivers, which have 
their sources from its E, sloj)?. These mountains abound in 
minerals, as iron, gold, silver, and others, and are clothed 
in immense forests of tJie finest timber. 

Guadalupe river, ?«?. .• one of the large rivers of the 
State, rising under the name of Gonzales r., from tlie E. 
slope of the Guadalujie Mountains. It is noted for its sin- 
gular blue colrtf, but tlie water when placed in a glass ap- 
jiears quite limj»id and pure. iLs principal tributaries are 
the San Marco (a large stream), I'each and Sandy cnM-ks. 
Its navigation is interrujited by a reef at its mouth. It falls 
into Esperitu Santo Bay. 

Guernsey county, Ohio, Situate E. centrally, and con- 
tains 656 sq. m. Drained by Wills er. and bram-h'-s of 
Muskingum r. Surface hilly, and soils moderately fertile. 
The cultivation of the grapo has been successAil on th« 
slopes of its hills, which also afford fine pasturage as well 
as numerous water privileges. Bituminous coal is dug 
largely, and tobacco much cultivated. Farms 2.209 ; manuf. 
7S : dwell. 5,079, and pop.— wh. 30,273, fr. col. 105— total 
80.13':. Capital: Caml-ridge. Public Worku: the Cin- 
cinnati and Wheeling II. IC. 

26T 



GUE 



GUY 



GcEST Station, p. o., Ku!se!l co., Virs/. : 232 m.W. S.W. 
Eichmond. 

GuiLDEKLAXD, t. aiui p. 0., Albany county. J\1 T. ; 9 m. 
W. N. W. Albany. Dr.iined by Norman's Kill. Surface 
level; soil of average fertility. There are several mills and 
factories in the t, but agriculture is the chief occupation. 
Pop. 3,279. 

GuiLDivELAXD Centee, p. 0., Albany co., JV. T. : 12 m. 
W. N. W. Albany. 

GriLDDALL, t., p. v., and cap. Essex co., Venn. : on the 
W. siile of Connecticut r., 50 m. E. N. E. Monlpelier. Two 
bridges here span the r. Several small streams, on which 
are mill-sites, drain the land. Surface, except near the 
river, uneven and rough. The v. on the Connecticut con- 
tains a court-house. Jail, etc., and a number of substantial 
dwellings. The t. is essentially agricultural, and contains 
60! inhabitants. 

Griuonn county, K Car. Situate N. in W. part, and 
contains G03 sq. ra. Drained by the heads of Haw anil 
Deep rivers, by who.se union Cape Fear r. is formed. Sur- 
face elevated and broken, with many mill streams; soils 
generally productive, adapted to grazing, atid the culture of 
grain and cotton. F.irms 1,6SS; manuf .W ; dwell. 3,048, 
and pop.— wh. 15,874, fr. col. 694, si. S.ISG— total 19,754. 
Capital: Greensboro. FuUic Works: N. Carolina E. K. 

GtnLroEi), t. and p. v.. New Haven co., Ccmn. : 36 m. S. 
Hartford. Drained by Menunkatuc and other streams run- 
ning to Long Island Sound, which faces its S. shore. Sur- 
face diversified; soil rich and fertile, being well cultivated. 
The borough of Guilford, incorpor,ated in 1815, is located 
about 2 m. from the Sound, on an alluvial plain, and near 
the Menunkatuc ; lis buildings are antiquated in appear- 
ance. Guilford Harbor is frequented by coasting and fish- 
ing vessels. This t. is much frequented for sea bathing, for 
which it has good accommodalions, and the scenery in the 
vicinity of Sachem's Head is wild and picturesque. Sev- 
eral manufactures are carried on in the t, but the people 
are generally employed in the fields or on the water. Pop. 
2,G50. The New Haven and New London E/E. passes 
through the E. part of the town. 

GutirOED, t. and p. v., Piscataquis Co., Me. : 67 m. N. N. E. 
Augusta. Drained by aflluents of Piscataquis r., which 
passes through its S. territory. Surface diversified ; soil of 
excellent fertility. The v. is pleasantly sited on the N. side 
of Piscataquis r., and has several mills, etc. Pop. 834. 

GriLFOF.D, t. and p. v., Chenango county, JK Y. : 87 m. 
■W. S. W. Albany. Drained liy creeks of Unadilln r., which 
makes its E. boundary. Surface hilly and broken; soil, 
clay loam, and fertile. The v. contains .several stores, and 
about 250 inhabitants; and in the t. there are several tan- 
neries and numerous large mills. Pop. 2.612. 

GniFOED, t and p. v., Medina co., Ohio: M m. N. E. 
by N. Columbus. Drained by Chippewa r. and its branches. 
Surface diversified; soil dec]) and fertile, adajjted to grain 
and grazing. The v. of Seville, at which the p. o. is kept, 
is a flourishing place, with several mills, stores, etc., and 
about 600 inhabitants. Pop. of 1. 1,807. 

GtrlLFOED, t. and p. v., Windham co., Venn. : IDS m. 
S. by E. Monlpelier. Drained by Creen r. and several af- 
fluents of Connecticut r., which afl'urd water-power. Sur- 
face diversified ; soil the best. There is a mineral spring in 
this t, and also several miner-al deposits. The principal v. 
is located centrally, and there is another flouring v. on 
Broad r. Guilford has several manufacturing establish- 
ments and 1,829 inhabitants. 

GuiLFOBD. p. v.. Dearborn Co., Tnrl. ; on the line of the 
Lawreticeburg and Upper Mississippi E. E., 76 m. S. E. 
Indianapolis. 

GuiLFop.D, p. v., Accomack co., Virg. : 112 ra. E. by N. 
Elchmond. 

Guilford Cf.ntre, p. v., Chenango co., ^V. Y. : 89 m. 
W. S. W. Albany. 

Guii-roitD Cestre. p. o., Windham co.. Verm. 
26S 



GuiNEY's, sla. and p. o., Caroline co., F/'/'f/. ; on the lino 
of the Eichmond, Frederick, and Potomac li. E., 12 m. S. 
of Fredericksburg and 4S m. N. of Eichmond. 

GuioNsviLLE, p. v.. Dearborn county, Ind. : 73 m. S. E. 
Indianapolis. 

Gulf Mills, p. o., Montgomery co., Penn. : 68 m. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Gulf Peaieie, p. v., Brazoria co., Tea. : 174 m. S. E. 
Austin City. 

GuLiSTAN, p. 0., Davidson co., Tenn. 

Gullet's Stoee, p. o., Johnson co., y. Car. 

GuMBonouGn, p. o., Sussex co., Del. : 42 m. S. Dover. 

Gum Brakch, p. o., Darlmgton district, S. Car. : 7S m. 
E. N. E. Columbia. 

Gum Creek, p. a, Dooley co., Ga. : on a cr. of Flint r. so 
called, 93 m. S.W. Milledgeville. 

Gum Geote, p. o.. Union county, A'y. .• 173 m. W. by S. 
Frankfort. 

Gum Lake, p. o., Barry county, Mich. : 40 m. W. S. W. 
Lansing. 

Gu.M PoxD, p. o.. Baker county, (!a. : 14 m. S. W. 
Milledgeville. 

Gu.M Sprixo, p. o., Louisa county, Virg. : 33 m. N. W. 
Eichmond. 

Gu.M Sprisg, p. 0., Smith county, Tea. : 218 m. N. E. 
Austin City. 

Gum Swamp, p. o., Columbus co., y. Car. : on a cr. of 
Lumber r., 112 m. S. Ealcigh. 

Gum Swamp, p. o., Marion disl., S. Car. : 66 m. N."W. by N. 
Columbia. 

Gu.M Tree, p. o., Chester county, Pejw. : 61 m. E. S. E. 
Harrislnirg. 

Gunter'8 Landing, p. v., Marshall co., Ahi. : on the S. 
side of Tennessee r., at its most southerly bend, 123 m. N. 
Montgomery. It is one of the most important points in the 
railroad system of the State, and here will terminate the 
Selma and Tennessee Eiver E. E., and through it a general 
connection will be made with the railro.ad8 of Georgia and 
Alabama, and the Norlh-west. At present it is a well known 
steamboat landing, and is connected with all the principal 
towns by lines of stages. 

GusTAVus, t. and p. v., Trumbull co.. Ohio : 157 m. N. E, 
Columbus. Drained by Pymatuning cr. of the Shenango. 
Surface undulating; soil of excellent quality. The v. is 
a flourishing agricultural settlement. Pop. 1.227. 

GusTAVus.p. 0., Greene co.,Tenn. : on the S. side of Lick 
cr. of Nolichucky r., 212 m. E. Nashville. 

GusTiNE, p. 0., Adams county, Ohio: 31 m. S. S. W. 
Columbus. 

G UTHRIE county, la. Situate S. W. centrally, and con- 
tains 4;32 sq. m. Drained by Upper Three r. and Eaccoon 
river, branches of the Des Moines, which runs S. E. into 
the Mississippi. Unorganized in 1S50. 

GUTI1EIF.STILLE, p. v., Chestcr CO., Penn, : 59 m. E. S. E. 
Harrisburg. 

G UTnniEsviLLE, p. v,,Tork dist., S. Car. : 66 m. N. by W. 
Columbia. It lies on the route of King's Mountain E. E., 
10 m. fVom Torkville. 

GuTTEXBURGH, p. V., Cl.iyton CO., la. : on the W. bank 
of the MissLssippi r., about 7 m. above the mouth of Turkey 
river, and 77 m. N. by E. Iowa City. 

CTrYA>'DOTTE, p. v., Cabell Co., Virg. : on the Ohio r.. at the 
mouth of Guyandolte r.. 267 m. W. by N. Eichmond. It is 
one of the most important points of steamboat navigation in 
Western Virginia, and the great st.ige route to Winchester 
commences here. A railro.ad is also projected to Coving- 
ton and the east generally. 11 contains several extensive 
stores, various mechanic shops, and about 800 inhabitants. 
In the vicinity are found many relics of a former race of in- 
haliitants, as bones, arrows, stone-axes, etc. 

GuYANDOTTE river, Virg. : a large tributary of the Ohio, 
from Virginia. It rises in Wyoming co. from the Great 
Flat Top Mountain, and flowing in a N. N. W. direction, 



GUY 



HAG 



passes through Logan and Cabell coimlies into tho Ohio r., 
17 ra. above the mouth of Uig Sandy r. It is about 200 m. 
locg. There are lulls and rapids in this river, whieh furnish 
extensive ^ater-power. 

Gut's Mills, p. c, Crawford co., Penn. : 20S m. N. "W. 
Uarrisburc. 

GpTSviLLE, p. v., Athens co., Ohio: on the N. bank of 
noekliofkingr., 73 m. S. E. Columbus. 

GwTNNEU, t. and p. o., Montijoniery co., Penn. ; SG ra. E. 
ITarrisburg. Drained by Wisaahiekon and Towameiising 
creeks, which afford mill-sites. Surface rolling; soil sandy 
loam. It has several mills and stores, and 1,571 inhabitants. 

Gwinnett county, Gti. Situaje N. centrally, and con- 
tains 541 sq. m. Brained by branches of Chaltahooehee r., 
its N. W. boundary, which runs S. W. into Appalachicola 
Bay. and by Yellow r. and other lieads of Oeraulgce and 
Oconee rivers, which run S. E. into the Atlantic, t^ur- 
face elevated and mountainous, being the watershed be- 
tween the Gulf and the Atlantic. Soils good on the streams, 
and productive of wheat, corn, and cotton. Farms l,ii36; 
nianuf. 26; dwell. 1,610, and pop.— wh. S,953, fr. col. 10, el. 
2,294— toUil 11.257. 0'pif<'? : Lawrenceville. 

Gypsum, p. c, Oulario county, ^'. )'.; US m. "W. by N. 
Albauy. 



H. 



Habersham county, <?</. Situate N. E.. and contains 771 
sq. m. Drained N. E. by Savannah r..W. by Chattahoochee 
r. and its branches. Surface elevated and mountainous, 
with mill-streams, good pasturage, and consiilerable timber. 
Soils in lower parts very good ; in higher, untitlable; wheat 
and corn are the farming staples. This is in the mineral 
region, ami the hills are rich in coal and iron, and gold is 
found. Farms 7:^2; manuf. 5; dwell. 1,33^, and pop. — wh, 
7,575, fr. col. 2. si. 1,21S— total S,s95. Capital : Oarkesville. 

Habolociutto, p. o., Hancock Co., Miss. : 122 m. S. S. E. 
Jackson. 

Hackensack, p. T., and cap. Bergen co., A1 Jer. : on the 
W. side of Ilackensack r., 76 m. N. E. Trenton, and 11 m. 
N. by "W. New York City. It contains a court-house and 
CO. office, both of brick, 3 churches, 12 or 15 stores, acd 
abor.t 1,1100 inhabitants. The r. is navigable for sloops up 
lt> this point, and the v. has considerable trade with New 
York. 

Hackensaok, t., Bergen county, y. Jer. : 7S m. N. E. 
Trenton. It lies between Hudson and Ilackensack rivers, 
and is a rich agricultm-al town, and has several manufac- 
tures. Pop. 3.4S6. 

Hackensack river, Al Jer. .• rises in Rockland Lake, and 
has a course of about 4i» m. to Newark Bay. In its upper 
course it is a fine mill-stream ; at Ilackensack v. it meets 
the tide, and thence flows through a level marsh to its 
confluence. 

Hackettstown, p. v., "Warren county, Al Jer. : on the 
TV. side of Musconetcoug r., 44 m. N. Trenton. The Morris 
Canal passes it a little to tlie "W. It contains several mills 
and stores, and about 400 inhabitants. 

Hackxes's Cross Eoads, p. o., Chatham co., A'l Oir.: 
24 m. W. Ealeigh. 

Uaddam, t., p. v., and one of the capitals of Middlesex 
CO., Conn.: 23 m. S. by E. Hartford. Drained chiefly by 
streams flowing into the Coimecticut r., which makes its E. 
boundary. Surface uneven and rough; the lauds on the 
river, however, are smooth and fertile, though not altogether 
alluvial. Soils generally gravelly loam. There are im- 
mense quarries of freestone in the town, and large quanti- 
ties are annually exported. The v. contains a court-house, 
jail, etc. Pop. of L 2.2S4. 

Haiidel's Point, p. o., Charleston dist,, S. Car. 

Haddock's, p. o., Nassau county, Flor. ; 172 m. E. by N. 
Tallahassee, 



Haddonfield, p. v., Camden co., Al Jer. : on the S. <>f 
Cooper's cr., 2S m. S. S. "W. Trenton. It contains several 
mills, etc., and about 400 inhabitants. 

ITades's, p. 0., Madison county, Ala. : 153 m. N. 
Montgomery. 

Hadensville, p. v., Todd county, Ky. : 16S m. S. ^T. 
Frankfort. 

HADEN6-\nLLE, p. V., Goochlaud CO., Virg. : 31 m.W. N.W. 
Bichmond. 

Hadley, t. and p. o., Lapeer co,, 2fich. : 46 m. E. by N. 
Lansing. Drained by the heads of Farmer's cr. of Flint r., 
which rise from many small lakes and ponds. Surface 
generally level, but varied ; soil, deep and rich vegetable 
mold. There arc numerous water-mills in the town, and 
several stores. Pop. 846. 

Hadley, p. v., Will co., ///. ; 143 m. N. E. Springfield. 

Hadley, t. and p. v., Hampshire co., Jfasa. : 77 m. W. 
Boston. The Connecticut r. runs on its W. border, and is 
the recipient of two small mill-streams. It is connected with 
Northampton by a bridge 1,0S0 feet long. Hadley contains 
a large and ferlUe tract of alluvial meadow — in the E. part 
the land is elevated, and on the S. bonier is Ilolyoke range. 
Tobacco and broom-cora are extensively grown. The v. is 
built on two parallel streets extending across a peninsula, 
f'irmed by an abrupt bend of the river, and called respec- 
tively East and West Street — each about a mile long, and 
each having a separate Congregational church. Hoj)kiu3 
Academy, an old, well endowed, and flourishing institution, 
is situate between the two streets. Hadley has several man- 
ufactures, but is most celebrated for its manufacture of 
brooms, which are made by every farmer. Pop. of t. 1.9S6. 
Hadley was a retreat of the celebrated Gofl"e and Whalley, 
two of the judges who condemned Charles I. : they remain- 
ed in seclusion here for more than 15 years, when Whalley 
died; Goffe died and was buried in New Haven several 
years after. 

Hadley, t. and j). o., Saratoga co., A' T. : 44 m. N. by W. 
Albany. Drained by Sacandaga r., which here enters the 
Hudson r., which latter makes its E. boundary. SurlacG 
hilly; soil in general fertile — some only fit for grass. Had- 
ley Falls, on the Hudson, a little above the confluence of the 
Sacandaga, afford extensive water-power. Timber Is abund- 
ant, and in the t. there are numerous saw-mills, and there 
are also grist and other mills in operation. I'op. 1.012. 

IIadley's Mills, p. o., Chatham co., Al Car. : 42 ni. W. 
Raleigh. 

IlADtYiiE, p. T., New London co., Twi". ; on the E. side 
of Connecticut r., 29 m. S. S. E. Hartford. It has some 
man\ifaclurcs. 

Hadsot's, p. 0., Carteret county. A' Cur.: 122 m. S. E. 
Raleigh. 

Haeelem, p. v., New York co., 2^. Y.: on a plain on the 
S. side of Haerlem r., 7^ m. N. N. E. City Hall. It forms a 
part of the twelfth ward of the City of New York, and is 
connected therewith by the Haerlem R. R. and several lines 
ofstages. It has numerous and extensive manufacturing 
establishments, stores, and mechanic shops, and within the 
village, on the avenues leading to it, or in its vicinity, are 
many elegant residences, chiefly occupied by persons doing 
business in the city. On the opposite side of the river aro 
several new suburban villages, which are rapidly filling up. 

Hagaman's Mills, p. v., Montgomery co., Al Y.: 32 m. 
W. N. W. Albany. Here are several mills, and about 2i;0 
inhabitants. 

Hager's Geove, p. 0., Shelby county, Jlo.: .>7 m, N. 
Jefferson City. 

Hager-stown, p. T., Wayne co., I7i(h : on the W. side 
of the West Fork of White Water river, 52 m. E. by N. 
Indianapolis. It is a thriving v. of 50<3 or mu inhabitants. 
The White Water Canal has its N. terminus here, and the 
village is also intersected by the Richmond and Newcastle 
R. R~ 

Hagebstown, p. T., and cap. Washington co., Md. : on 

269 



HAG 



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the "W. side of Antietam cr., 22 m. above i\a confluence 
with the Potomac, and 87 ra. W. N. W. Annapolis. Lat 
39° 37' N., and long:. "'^ 35' "W. The v. is located in a flue 
and flourishing as^icultural district, ofwhich-it is the centre, 
and is connected by the Franklin K. It. with the railroads 
of Pennsylvania. It is well built, with regular and wide 
streets, and contains a number of substantial public ediflces, 
a court-house, jail, town hall, etc. It has seven newspa- 
pers, the "II. News" (neutral), the *' Herald of Freedom" 
(whije;). the "H. Mail" (dem.), the " People's Own" (neu- 
tral), the "Torchlight" (whig), the " liepubiican" (dem.), 
and the " Casket" (neutral)— all issued weekly. There are 
two banks in the v. In 1S50 it bad 3.S&4 inhabitants, of 
which 435 were free persons of color and 1S3 slaves. 

Hagekstown, p. v., Preble county, Ohio ; S4 m. W. 
Columbus. 

Hageksville, p. v., Bucks county, Pemi. : 6T m. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Hague, p. v., Logan co., Kij. : 147 m. S. W. Frankfort 

Hague, t and p. v., Warren co., M Y. : 67 m. N. Albany. 
Drained chiefly into Lake George, which lies on its E. bor- 
der. Surface somewhat mountainous, and forming fine 
grazing fields. The v. overlooks Lake George, and is a 
small agricultural settlement. In the t there are several saw 
and grist mills, and 717 inhabitants. 

Hague, p. v., Westmoreland co., Virg. : 51 m. N. E. 
Richmond. 

IL^iNEsnrEGH, p. v., Warren co., iV. Jer. : 41 m. N. N.W. 
Trenton. 

Hainesvillk, p. v., Lake county, III. : 192 m. N. E. 
Springfield. 

Hainesvtlle, p. V.,' Clinton county, Mo. : 146 m. N. W. 
Jeflcrson City. 

IlArNESViLLE, p. V., Susscx CO., ZT. Jci'. .' 62 m. N. by W. 
Trenton. 

Halawaea, p. v., Chambers county, Ala. : on the cr. so 
called, an affluent of Chattahoochee river, 74 m. E. N. E. 
Montgomery. 

Halcyon, p. o., Westmoreland co., Penn.: 147 m. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Halcyondale, p. T., Scriven co., Ga. : on the left bank 
of the Ogeechee river, 112 m. E. S. E. Milledgeville. The 
Central (Georgia) E. R. passes through it 60 miles from 
Savannah. 

Hale, p. o., Ogle co., M. : 152 m. N. Springfleld. 

Halk, t. and p. o., Hardin county, Ohio : 54 m. N. W. 
Columbus. Drained by head streams of Scioto r. Surface 
varied ; soil rich and productive. The Mad Kiver and Lake 
Erie R. R. passes through its N. W. comer. Pop. 423. 

Hale's Eddy, p. v., Broome co., A^ Y. : on the Delaware 
river, 92 m. W. S. W. Albany. By route of the Erie R. R. 
(on which it has a station), it Ls distant from New York 1S2 
miles, and from Dunkirk 2S7 miles. 

Hale's Ford, p. o., Franklin co., Virff. : 133 m.W. 8. W. 
Eiebraond. 

Hale's Milus, p. o., Fentress co., Tenn. : 106 m. E. by N. 
Nashville. 

Haleysburgh, p. v., Lunenburg eo., Virg. ; 49 m. S. W. 
Richmond. 

Half Day, p. o,, Lake county, JU. : on the W. Bide of 
Desplaines r., ISS m. N. E. Springfleld. 

Half ilooN, I. and p. o., Saratoga co., J^. T.: 13 m. N. 
Albany. Hudson r. on the E. forms its boundaries in that 
direction. Surface varied ; soil sandy loam and clay. It 
has several mills and raechanie shops, and 10 or 12 stores. 
The Chami)lain Canal passes through it, and also the 
Rensselaer and Saratoga E. E., and the Albany Northern 
R. R. Pop. 2,78^. 

Half Moon, t. and p. o.. Centre county, Pcmn. : 76 m. 
W. N. W. Harrisburg. Drained by Bald Eagle cr. and 
Half Moon r., a branch of Spruco cr. Surface mountainous ; 
soil in Ihe valleys, calcareous loam. It is situate between 
two ridges of the Alleghanies. Iron ore, etc., is abundant, 
270 



and there are several manufactories, mills, etc, in the town 
Pop. 1,519. 

Half Wat, p. c, Polk county, Mo.: 9S m. S. W. 
Jefferson City. 

Half-Wat House, p. v., York co., Virg. : 47 m. E. S. E. 
Richmond. 

Half- Wat Peaiexk, p. c, Monroe co., Za. : 89 m. W. 8. W. 
Iowa City. 

Halifax county, X Car. Situate N. E., and contains 
545 sq. m. Drained by Roanoke r., which forms its N. and 
E. boundar}', and Fishing cr., a branch of Tar r., which is 
its S. boundary. The Roanoke is here navigable for large 
coasters, and makes marketing easy. Surface rolling or 
hilly. Soil good ; in parts very productive. Cotton, com, 
and tobacco are the leading crops. Lumber is also ex- 
ported. Farms S68; manuf. 4; dwell. 1,759, and pop.— 
wh. 5,7G3, fi-. col. 1,S72, si. ^,954— total 16,5S9. Ca;Htal: 
Halifax. Puhlia Works : Wilmington and Weldon R. R. ; 
Gaston and Raleigh R. E. 

Halifax county, Virg. Situate on S. line centrally, and 
contains 765 sq. m. Drained by afiluents of Roanoke r, 
which bounds it N. and N. E., and of Dan r., a l>raneh of 
tiie Roanoke. Surface diversified with hill and valley, and 
covered in parts with flne pine timber. Soils generally pro- 
ductive. Tobacco is the staple. Com and wheat are good 
crops. Farms 1,309; manuf. 21; dwell. 2,152, and pop.— 
wh. 11.006, fr. col. 504, bI. 14,452— total 25,962. Capital : 
Halifax C. H. Public Works: Richmond and Danville 
E. R. 

Halifax, t. and p. v., Plymouth co., Mass. : 27 m. S. by E. 
Boston. Drained by several ponds, the outlets of which 
an"urd water-power. Surface generally level ; soil of average 
fertilily. The v. is located centrally. Pop. of t. 734. 

Halifax, p. v., port, and cap. Halifax co., A^. Car. ; on 
Ihe left bank of Roanoke r., 7 m. below the great falls, and 
at the bead of sloop navigation, 72 m. N. E. Raleigh. It is 
laid out with great regularity, and contains a court-house, 
Jail, etc., and is a place of considerable trade. It has a 
newspaper, the "Roanoke Republican" (whig), a weekly 
issue. The Wilmington and Weldon R, R. passes the v., 
and by means of a canal around the falls, the Roanoke is 
navigal)Ie for boats 130 miles above it. 

Halifax, t. and p. v., Dauphin co., Penn. : 16 m. N. 
Harrisburg. Drained by several creeks which enter the 
Susquehanna on the W. border of the t. Surface moun- 
tainous; soil red shale. The v. is on the E. bank of Sus- 
quehanna r., and h.is about 400 inhabitants. The t. has 
several grist, saw, and flour miDs, and tanneries. Pop. 
2.S22. 

Halifax, p. v., and cap. Halifax co., Virg.: on the S. 
side of Bannister r., 87 m. S. W. Richmond. 

Halifax, t and p. v., Windham eo., Verm.: 106 m. S. 
Montpelier, Drained by Green and North rivers, both flne 
mill-streams. On a branch of North r. is a succession of 
cascades, extending 100 rods, with falls of 15 to 20 feet 
each. Surface elevated and uneven; soil fertile and well 
adapted to grazing. The prmcipal v. is situated toward 
the south. Pop. of t. 1,133. 

Halifax, p. v., Wilson co., Tenn. : 23 m. E. Nashville. 

Hall county, Ga. Situate N. E., and contains 651 sq. m. 
Drained by Chattahoochee r., which intersects the N. half. 
Surface in the S. E. much broken by a range of hills or 
mountains, in the N. and W. more even, witli some mead- 
ows. Soil on the rivers very fertile, yielding good crops of 
tobacco, wheat, and com; on the higher land ts good graz- 
ing. It has mineral resources, though but partially de- 
veloped. Farms 697; manuf. 0; dwell. 1,300, an»l pop. — 
wh. 7,570, fr. col. 7, si. 1,336— total 3,713. Capital: Gaines- 
ville. 

Haxl, p. o., Lawrence county, Mo.: 142 m. S. W. 
Jefferson City. 

Hallettsville, p. v., Lavacca co., Taa*. ; 87 m. 3. E. 
Austin City. 



HAL 



HAM 



IIali-oca, p. v., Muscogee co., Qa.: 113 m. W. S. W. 
MiUedgerillo. 

IIallowell, t. and p. v., Kennebec county, Me. : 2 m. 
S. by "W. Aug:usta, and facing on Kennebec r., which is Iiere 
navigable. It is a good farming section, and has excellent 
mill-power. The t. lies on the river bank, with which the 
principal streets run parallel, and these are crossed at 
right angles by others which rise in grade to 200 feet back 
from the stream. The business street on the river has 
numerous substantial brick warehouses and stores, and 
many of the dweUings are built with neatness and taste. 
Vessels drawing 9 feet water come up to the wharves, and 
regular steamboats ply between this place and Portland and 
Boston. It has also numerous vessels employed in the 
coasting trade. The i)rinciiial exports are lumber, granite, 
etc. ; the granite quarries have been worked for upward of 
80 years, and yield a beautiful building stone of a light 
color and easily wrought, A newspaper, the "II. Gazette," 
is issued weekly. Pop. o{ the t, 4.70y. The Kennebec and 
Portland E. E. passes through Ihc v., and has its present 
terminus at Augusta. 

HallowkllCeoss Roads, p. c, Kennebec co,, Me.: 4 m. 
"W. by S. Augusta. 

Hallsa's Cbeek, p. o,, Nodaway co., Mo. : 192 m. N. "W. 
Jefferson City. 

II ALLS BOROUGH, p. T,, Powhjitan co,, Virg. : 85 m. S. W. 
Frank tort. 

Hall's Cobxers, p. v., Ontario county, K T.: IGO m, 
"W. by N. Albany. The Ganandaigua and Elmira li. K. 
passes through the y, 53 m. from Elmira aud 1-1 from 
Canandaigua. 

Hall's Coesees, p. o., AJIeu co., Ind. ; 101 m. N. E. 
Indianapolis. 

Hall's Cross Eoads, p. o., Ilarfbrd co., Md. : 4T m. 
N. by E. Annapolis. 

Hall's Cross Koads, p. o., Franklin co., K Car. : 8T m. 
N. E, Raleigh. 

Hall's Hill, p. c, Euthcrford co., Tetui.: 29 m. S. E. 
Kashville. 

Haxl's Store, p. o., Sussex co., Del. : 53 ra. S. Dover. 

Hall's stream, K. Ramp. : asmall r. from the Highlands, 
forming the boundary between the United States and Cana- 
da, and is one of the sources of Connecticut r. By the treaty 
of 1S42, it is made a part of the boundarj' until it intersects 
the old line of 17S4, marked as 45° N. lat.,but which is now 
ascertained to be a little N. of that parallel. 

Hall's Valley, p. o.. Morgan co., Ohio: 67 m. E. by S. 
Columbus. 

Hallsville, p. v., Boone county, Mo. : 31 m. N. N. W. 
Jefferson City. 

Hallsville, p. v., Duplin co., iV; Car. : on the E. bank 
of North East Cape Fear r,, 76 m, S, E. Kaleigh. 

Hali^ville, p. T,, Montgomery co., JV. T. : 54 m. 
"W. N. W. Albany. 

Hallsvillc, p. v., Eoss county, Ohio: 38 m. S. by E. 
Columbus. 

Halltown, p. v., Jefferson co., Yirg. : on the line of the 
"Winchester and Potomac K. E,, 7 m. from Harper's Ferry, 
and 129 m. N. N, E. Richmond. 

Halselltille, p. v., Chester dist., S. Car. : 51 m. N. 
Columbia, 

Halsey'8, sta., Campbell co., Virg. : on the line of the 
Virginia and Tennessee E. E,, 5 m. W. Lynchburg. 

Hai£et Valley, p. o.. Tioga co., .V: Y. : 132 m. "W. S. W. 
Albany. 

Hambatich'Sj p. 0., "Warren co., Virg. : 106 m. N. "W. 
Richmond. 

Hamburg, p. v., St. Charles co., Mo.: S6 m. E. by N. 
Jefferson City. 

Hamburg, p. v., Perry co., Ala. : a little to the W. of 
Cahawba r., Gl m. "W. N. W. Montgoraerj-. 

IlAMiiuao. p, V,, New London co., Conn. : 83 m. S. 3. E. 
Hartford. It baa considerable manufactures. 



Hambueo, p. v., Macou county, Ga,: SI m. S. W. 
MiUedgeville. 

IIambl-eg, p. v., Clarke co., Ind. : on n branch of Silver 
cr., 97 m. S. by E. Indianapolis. Tlie Indianapolis and 
Madison E. E. passes it about a mile to the E., and the 
New Albany and Salem E. E. about 2 m. to the W. 

HAstuuEG, p. v., Calhoun co., lU. : on the E. side of the 
Mississippi r., C3 m, S. "W. Springfield. It has a good land- 
ing, aud contains sever;il industrial ostMblishmeiils, stores, 
etc., and has a considerable trade. Pop. about 4()it. 

Hamburg, p. v,, and eaj), ^VsUley co.,xlrA-. ; 119 m.S. bvE. 
Little Kock. 

IIambubg, p. v., Franklin co,. Miss. : 74 m. S. "W. by S. 
Jackson, 

Hajibueg, p. T,, Preble county, Ohio: 87 m. "W. by 9. 
Columbus. 

IIasiburo, t. and p. o., Livingston co., Mich. : 40 m. S. E. 
Lansing. Drained by numerous lakes and ponds emptying 
into Huron r. Surface level; soils fertile, but frequently 
wet. The v, lies on the S. or left side of the Huron. In 
the t, there are several mills, stores, etc., and S95 inhab- 
itants. 

Hamburg, p, v., Sussex co,, K. Jer.: near the E. bank 
of Wallkill r., 67 m. N. by E. Trenton. It has several mills, 
and abinit 20il inhabitants. 

IlAMBrf-G, t. and p. v,, Erie co., iV. Y.: 257 m. "W. 
Albany. Drained by Caurjuaga, Rush, and Smokes creek3 
of Lake Erie, which bounds it on the W. Surface undu- 
lating ; soil a fertile calcareous loam. Hamburg, Hamburg- 
on-tlie-Lake, and East Hamburg are villages in this t. It has 
numeruus saw aud grist mills, and is a fine agricultural 
cctuntry. On the lake are several convenient harbors for 
small craft The Buffalo and State Line (Lake Shore) E. R. 
passes through it. Pop. of t. 5,219. 

HAiiBUEG, p, b,, Berks co., Penn.: near the Schuylkill 
water-gap of Blue Mountain, 53 m. E. N. E. Harrisburg. 
It is a place of considerable business, lying on the canal \C. 
of the Schuylkill, and having the Eeading R. E. on Ihi^ 
opposite side of the stream. Pop. 1,035. 

Hameuug, p. v., Hardin county, Term. : 113 m. S, W, 
Nashville. 

II AMisuBG,v,, Frederick co., Md.: at the base of Catoeiiu 
Mountain, 61 ra, N. W. Annapolis. 

H.UIBUEGU, p. v., Edgefield disL, iS. Oar.: on the E. 3ide 
of the Savannah r., 73 dlW. S. W. Columbia. Augusta, tr<i., 
on the opposite side of the river, is connected by a bridge 
and viaduct. The South Carolina E, E. and the Georgia 
E. E, connect here, the one extending to Charleston 135 m.. 
aud the other to Atlanta, 171 m., and W. to MonlgomiTv, 
Ala., and Nashville, Teiin, Eegular steamboats also ply 
on the r. The v. consists of two parts ; the lower town li--* 
on the bank of the r., and is the business district, and the 
upper twwn stands on a height 60 or 70 feet above and back 
from the r., and has many commanding situations. It is 
regularly laid out, and contains many large stores and 
warehouses. It is a great cotton mart, and has a largo 
interior trade; and a weekly newspaper, the "11, Repub- 
lican" (dem.), is supported. Pop. about 3,000. 

IIamburgu-on-the-Lake, p, v., Erie co., iV. Y.: on the 
E. shore of Lake Erie, 257 m. "W. Albany. It isa con'^idt-r- 
able v, of about 300 inhabitants 

IIamden, t, and p. v.. New Haven county, Conn. : 33 m. 
S. S.W. Hartford. Drained by Mill r., which affords watr-r- 
power. Surface varies, the t being located between two 
ranges of hills terminating at East and "West Rocks, in the 
vicinity of New Haven. There are several villages, chiefly 
engaged in manufactures. Hamden Plains, Centreville, 
Ives' Mount Carmel, etc, are on the line of the New Haven 
and Northampton E, R., and Whitaej-ville is located in the 
south-east. Pop. oft. 2,163. 

IlAAmEN, t. and p. v., Delaware county, X. Y. : 72 m. 
W. S. "W, Albany. Drained by W. branch of Delaware r. 
Surface mountainous and rugged ; soil, except in the valley 

271 



HA.M 



HAM 



of llie Delaware, not very fertile. The village, a small 
agricultural setilcnient, lies on tbe N. bank of the river. The 
I. has several mills and stores, and 1,919 inhabitants. 

IIamkb, p. v.. Mason cc, Ky. : 73 m. E. N. E. Frankfort. 

llAMEit'sTiLLB, p. V., Browu CO., OMo : 84 m. S. S. W. 
Columbus. 

Hamilton county, Hor. Situate N. on Georgia line, and 
contains 4M sq. m. Drained by Allapahaw r., which runs 
through it ; Suwannee r., which is its !5. and E., and AVithla- 
coochee r., its W. boundary. Surface low and level. Soil 
lertile, with some marshes, which favor the growing of 
rice, which, with cotton and com, arc the chief products. 
There are mineral springs in the S. frequented by invalids. 
Farms 205; manuf. ; dwelt 301, and pop.— wh. 1,775, fr. 
col. 9, si. 6S5~total 2,469. Capital: Jasper. 

IlAiiiLTox county, III. Situate S. E., and contains 43G 
sq. m. Drained by N. fork of Saline cr., an afHuent of the 
Ohio. Surface level or moderately elevated ; soils of me- 
dium fertility, with marshes in parts. Corn, wlieat, and 
oats are good crops; tobacco is also cultivated. Farms 417; 
manuf. ; dwell. 1,053, and pop.— wh. 6,310, fr. col. 52— total 
6,362. Capital : M'Leansboro'. 

Hamilton county, I/hL Situate centrally, and contains 
412 sq. m. Drained by "White r., a branch of the Wabash, 
and its alBuents Cicero, Stoney, Coal, Fall, and other creeks. 
Surface level or undulating, and the soil excellent. Most 
of the CO. was originally heavily timbered. Wheat, corn, 
and pork are the chief products. Farms 1,261 ; manuf. 16 ; 
dwell. 2,159, and pop.— wh. 12,504, fr. col. 180— total l'i,6'>i. 
Of>;t?aZ ; Noblesville. PuUic Works: Indianapolis and 
Peru K. It. 

HAiULTON county, 21. Y. Situate N. E., and contains 
1,064 sq. m. Drained by Indian r., a head, and Sacandaga 
r., a branch of Hudson r. on the E. ; and W. and 8. by liea- 
ver r., emptying into Lake Ontario, and branches of the 
Mohawk. Surface elevated and mountainous, sending nu- 
merous streams in all directions, and covered mostly with 
the primitive forests. It has numerous lakes: Long, Bea- 
ver, Piseco, Kound, and Pleasant lakes are noted for majes- 
tic scenery and fine fishing. Around these, and on the 
streams, the soil is productive; its character is eminently 
agricultural. Farms 201 ; manuf. 17 ; dwell. 407, and pop.— 
wh. 2,1S6, tr. col. 2— total 2,188. Capital: Lake Pleiisant. 
Public Works : Saratoga and Sackett's Harbor 11. E. 

Hamilton county, Ohio, Situate in 3. W. corner, and 
contains 404 sq. m. Drained by Mill cr., and While Water, 
Miami, and Little Miami rivers, all atllueuts of the Oiiio, 
which washes its S. border. Surface made up ou the Ohio 
of a series of terraces extending back for some distance, one 
above another, with moderate ascents between, and ter- 
minating in a beautiful variety of hills and wooded valleys. 
Soil exceeding productive, and under high cultivation. 
Wheat and corn are easily and abundantly grown. The 
culture of the grape is extensive, and has proved very suc- 
cessful, both in quantity and quality, the wines manufac- 
tured comparing favorably with those of France. Tbe vine- 
yards are among the most beautiful sights seen on the Ohio. 
Manufactures of every kind are carried on extensively, and 
its relations with Cincinnati and the Ohio make it one of 
the first counties of the State. Farms 2,502 ; manuf. 1,463 ; 
dweU. 21,021, and pop.— wh. 153,423, fr. col. 3,420— total 
156,S43. Capital: Cincinnati. Fulllc Work^s: Little Mi- 
ami E. K. ; Cincinnati, Hamilton, and Dayton K. E. ; Cin- 
cinnati, Hillsboro', and Parkersburg E. E. ; Cincinnati and 
Marietta E. E. ; Cincinnati, Wilmington, and Zanesville 
P.P.; Cincinnati and Dayton (direct) E. E. ; Ohio and 
Mississippi E. E. ; White Water Canal ; Miami Canal, etc. 
Hamilton county, Tenn. Situate S. E., and contains 
€15 sq. m. The Tennessee intersects it from N. to S., and 
its allluents, Sauda and Chickamauga creeks and Hiwassec 
river drain it Surface in the E. broken or mountainous ; 
In the W. more even. Soils generally fertile, and adapted 
to grass and the grains. Some cotton is raised, and much 
272 



pork fatted. Farms 633 ; manuf. 10 ; dwell. 1,590, and pop. 
— wh. 9,216, fr. cot 1S7, st 672— total 10,075. Capital : Har- 
rison. Public Worku: Western and Atlantic E. 11. ; Nash- 
ville and Chattanooga E. It. ; and Chattanooga and Charles- 
ton E. E. 

Hamilton, p. v., and cap. Harris co., ffa. ; 101 m.W.S.W. 
Milledgeville. It is situate on the W. extremity of Oak 
Mountain, and contains a court-house, jail, etc., several 
stores, and about 50 dwellings. 

Hamilton, p. v., Mahaska co., Ja. : on Des Moines r., 62 
m. S. W. Iowa City. 

Hamilton, p. v., Steuben co., Ind. : at the S. end of a 
small lake emptying into Fish cr. of St Joseph's r., 136 m. 
N. N. E. Indianapolis. There are large mills at the outlet 
of the lake. 

Hamilton, p. o., Lafayette county, Wtsc. : 51 m. S. W 
Madison. 

Hamilton, p. v., Shelby co., Tex. : on the W. bank of 
Sabine r., 206 m. E. N. E. Austin. 

Hamilton, p. v., Boone co., A'y- •* 59 m. N. Frankfort. 

HA.UILTON, p. v., and caj). Monroe co., Jli-ss.: above the 
confluence of the Buttahatchie with Tombigbee r., 139 m. 
N. E. Jacivson. 

Hamilton, t. and p. o., Yan Euren co., Mic?i. : 64 m. 
W. S. W. Lansing. Drained by Dowagiac r., on which are 
extensive marshes. Surface level ; soil fertile. Pop. 372. 

Hasolton, t and p. o., Essex co., Mass. : 19 m. N. N. E. 
Boston. Drained by a branch of Ipswich river. Surface 
moderately uneven and diversified ; soil generally produc- 
tive. It has some manufactures. Pop. Sb9. 

Hamilton, p. v., Martin co., iV. Car. : on the left bank of 
Eoanoke r., 92 m. E. by N. Ealeigh. 

Hamilton, i. and p. v., Madison co., 2^. Y.: 69 m. W. 
Albany. Drained by the heads of Chenango r. Surface 
uneven ; soil, a fertile calcareous loam. The v. on Chenan- 
go r. contains numerous stores, mechanic shops, etc., and 
about 1,600 inhabitants. It supports a newspaper, the " II. 
Eeflector" (dem.) issued weekly. It is the seat of Madison 
University, and the Hamilton Library and Theological Insti- 
tution, the latter being the original institution, but now a de- 
partmentof the former. It was founded 1S19, and in 1S46 re- 
ceived a charter as a university. It is well endowed, and is 
in a highly prosperous condition. The University in 1S50 
had 9 professors, 127 students, 200 alumni, and a library of 
7,000 volumes; and the Theological Institution had 4 pro- 
fessors, 32 students, and a library of 4,000 volumes. Thcso 
institutions are both under the Baptists. Pop. of t 3,599. 

Hamilton, p. v., and cap. Butler co., Ohio: on the E. 
bank of Great Miami r., 92 m. W. S. W. Columbus. It is 
connected with Eossville, on the opposite side of the river, 
by a bridge. The v. has a court-house, jail, etc., numerous 
warehouses, stores, mills, factories, and mechanic shops, and 
as a commercial and railroad centre is one of the most Im- 
portant places within the State. Here a junction is fonncd 
between the several railroads from Indiana and the Cincin- 
nati, Hamilton, and Dayton E. E. ; and the Miami Canal 
passes through it Pop. 3,207. Two newspapers are pub- 
lished here, the "H. Intelligencer" (whig), and the "H. 
Telegraph'' (dem), both weekly issues. 

Hamilton, p. v., Loudon co., Virff. : 116 m. N. Eichmond. 

Hamilton Ckoss Eoads, p. c, M'Minu co., Tenn. : 123 
m. E. S. E. Nashville. 

Hamilton Landing, p. o., Jackson co., Tmn. : 67 m. 
E.N. E.Nashville. 

Hamilton Square, p. o., Mercer CO., A^. Jer. 

HAMILTO-^^^LLE, v., Mifflin co., Pemi. : on the W. bank 
of Juniata r., and on the line of the Pennsylvania Canal, 52 
m. W. by N. Harrlsburg. It contams about 70 dwellings. 

Hamlet, p. o.. Chautauque county, A^ Y. : 279 m.W. by 8. 
Albany. 

Hamlet, v. and sta., Providence co., li. I. : on the lino 
of the ProvideniA) and Worcester E. R,, 16 m. N. by W. 
Providence. 



HAM 



HAM 



IlAHMnrsTtnvN, V. ami stn.. Burlinsitnn co., JV'. .Tn\ : on 
Ihe C.iiiKkii an«l Aniimy li. U., 6> m. from New York Cily, 
and 19 m. from Philn<!flpliia. 

IIamm'"'!; Grove, p. o., Crawford co., Gar. riljni.TiV. S.W. 
MiIU-'Ii;rvillc. 

IIammonp, t. and p. v.. Si. Lawrence co,, N. Y. : 154 m. 
N. W. Alhany. S^itiiate between Black Lake and St. Law- 
rence r., and drained by Ibeir afflncnis. In Mie St, Law- 
reiue, off tlie shore, are numbers of the Tlioiisand Isles. 
SnrfiKX' generally level ; soil a fertile sand and elay. The v. 
contains about 200 inhabitants. In the t, there are nume- 
rous mills and several stores, and 1,8111 inhaiiitants. 

Hammond's, p. o., St. Joseph county, JiuL: 1-26 m. N. 
Indiannpiili:^. 

nAMMr)Ni)'3 Miu-s, p. o,, Stcubcn CO., X. }'.; on Conhoc- 
ton r., 177 m. W. S. W. Albany. 

HAMMoNDSPOitT, V., Stoubeu CO., K. Y.: at the base of 
Crooked Lake. 174 m. W. Albany. It contains lar^re ware- 
houses, several mills, numerous stores, and about SO'l in- 
habitant.'*. A steamboat plies to Penn Van. 22 m., and it 
conmiunirates with Seneca Lake by Crooked Lake Canal. 

Uammond's Stohe, p. o., Anson co., K. Oti\: lu2 m. 
S. W. Palt'i;;h. 

IIammonovillr, v. and sta.. Columbiana oo., O/tln: on 
the line of the Cleveland and Pittsburg U. K., 5 m. from 
AVi-IlBville, and 1'2'> m. K. N. E. Colundius. 

IIammonto.n, p. v., Atlantic county, .A"", ./f/'. .' 42 m. S. 
Trenton. 

Hammosville, p. v., Hart county, Kt/. : 79 m. S. "W. 
Frankfort. 

IIamorton, p. v., Chester county, Pe/iJi. : C2 m. E. S. E. 
Ilarrisbur;;. 

IIami'Dkn county, Sfass. Situate S. W., and contains 5S5 
eq. m. The Connecticut divides it about equally in il.s S. 
coivrse, and it is drained by its affluents— W. by West- 
field and Agawam rivers, and — E. by Ware and Chicopce ; 
the Quimiebauir r. also rises in llie E. Surface much divcr- 
Bidcd ; in the W. very hilly and broken, except on the 
streams: in the E. less broken, and pleasantly varied, and 
on the l)anks of the Connecticut a narrow strip of low, 
level nieadow.s. These are unsurpassed in fertility and 
loveliness. Aside from them there is mueh prime land In 
both sections of the county. The W. has some timber ; but 
the great business is manufactures — those, hitherto confined 
to Palmer, Westileld.Chicopee. and Springfield, now find the 
greatest power at llolyoke. where a dam across the Con- 
necticut, built in 1S49. affords the best water-power in the 
State. There are cotton and woolen factories in Palmer 
and Ctiicopee; whip and cignr inWestfleld; and railroad 
car ami locomotive in Sprinirfi'']d. Farms 2,616; manuf. 
8Sf>; dwell. 9.0^3, an.I pop— wh. 5">,7«r), fr. col. 40r.— total 
51,281. CapiUil: Springfield. pHhUe Worku: Western 
li. R. ; Connecticut Liver R. R. ; Chicopee Falls Branch 
R. R. ; New London, Willimantic. and P.nlmer R. R. ; Am- 
herst and Beh'hertown R. R. ; New Haven, Hartford, and 
Springflcl'l R. R. : and New Haven and Northampton R. R. 

nAiiPDEN. t, and p. o., Columbia co.. ir/tc. ; 20 m. N. by E. 
Madison. Drained by a head branch of Rock r. Surface 
rolling; soil deep mold and well wooded. Pop. 4-39. 

IlAMi'DKy, p. v., Marengo county, Ala.: 94 m. W. 
Montgomery. 

II AMPiiFV. t. and p. v., Penobscot co.. Me. : 59 m. F. N. F. 
Augusta. Drained by SoAvadabscook r., which alTords w.a- 
ter-i(Ower, and the Penobscot river forms its E. boundary. 
Surface beautifully diversified ; soil fertile. The v. issituate 
.•\t the confluence of the two rivers. C m. below Bangor, and 
carries on an extensive trade in timber and agricultural 
produce. Pop. of t. :j,195. 

TlAMi-nr.s, t and p. o., Geauga eo., OJiio : 147 m. N. E. 
Columbus. Drained by affluents of Grand river, which 
empties into Lake Erie. Surface elevateil and diversified ; 
Boil rich and productive. The v. is situate eentrally, and is 
n small agricultural settlement. Pop. oft. 919. 

L2 



IIampdes-Sidni;y Coi.t-f.ce, p. o., Prince Edward county, 
Virg. : 62 m.W. S.W. Riclimond. The College was found- 
ed in 17S3, and in 18511 had G professors, l,5ti0 alumni. 25 
students, nnd a library of 90,000 volumes. A preparatory 
academy is atlached to the College. 

Ha-mpsuiue county. Mof^s. Situate W. centrally, and con- 
tains 533 sq. m. Divided from N. to S. by the Cmmeclicut 
river, and watered by its afHuents, which afford much 
water-power. Surface much broken in the W. ; in the E. 
hi'.ly, au'i on tlie Connecticut r. a beautiful meadow. Soil 
in the middle rich meadow, i)roduciug great crops of corn, 
clover, hay, broom-corn, and tobacco; in the W. excellent 
grazing land, with fine dairies; and in the E. fine farms, 
except on the highest ground. Mount Tom and Mount 
llolyoke, with their a<ljaeeut ranges of hills, are well wood- 
ed. an<l much maple sugar is made. Small factories occupy 
most of the streams, and every kiml of " Tankec notion" is 
produced. Much pajier is made, and at Easthampton are 
the largest Imlton factories in the United Stales. A rich 
lead and silver mine, dosed by accident, has been reopened 
in Southampton ; zincd)Iendeis largely dug in Hatfield, and 
fine building stone is found in Pelham. Farms 2,965; 
manuf. 319 ; dwell. 5,905, and pop.— wh. 35.405, fr. col. 327 
—total 35,732. n;;>/?(f;.- Northampton. Pithlic Workif : 
Connecticut River R. E. : Western R. R. ; Amherst and 
Belchertown R. R.; New Haven and Northampton R. R, 

IlAMPSini'.E county, Virg. Situate N., and contains S33 
sq. m. brained by S. branch of the Potomac r.. Great and 
Liltle Cacapon r., Nortli r., Patterson's cr., and other afflu- 
ents of the Potiimac r.. which forms its N. boundary. It 
lies between the Blue Ridge and East AUeghnny mount- 
ains, the latter intersecting tlie W. Jinlf. The surface is ele- 
vated and broken, affording many mill privileges, and ex- 
cellent grazing. All the grains yield finely in the numerous 
valleys, and the mountains are well timbered, furnishing 
material for many saw-mills. Farms 1.063; mamif. 57; 
dwell. 2,035. and pop.— wh. 12,3S9, fr. col. 214, si. 1.433— total 
14.036. Capital : Uonmay. PuhlicWorks: Baltimore and 
Ohio R. R. 

Hampsuire, p. v., Kane county, IlL: 172 m. N. N. E. 
Springfield. 

HAMPsiitBE, p. v., Lewis county, Teim.: 58 m. S. W. 
Nashville. 

Hampste.vp, p. v., Carroll co., Md.: 6 m. N. E. West- 
minster, and 55 m. N. W. Annapolis. 

Hampstkad. t. an<l p. v., Rockingham co., K ITamp. : .33 
m. S. S. E. Concord. Drained by ponds, the outlets of 
which empty into Merrimac r. Surface generally level; 
soil hanl and fertile. Pop. oft. 7S9. 

Hampstead, p. v.. King George co., Virg-' 02 m. N N. E. 
Richmond. 

Hamptok, t, and p. v., Windham co., Ctmn.: 85 ni. E. 
Jlarlf )rd. Drained by a branch of Sheluekct r.. whieh fur- 
nishes water-power. Surface diversified, and somewhat 
uneven; soil a gravelly loam- -fertile. Tlie v. lies on an 
eIe\ation, and consists of one long street, with abou? 60 
dwellings and other buildings. The t. h.as some manufac- 
tures and several stores. Pop. 925. The New York and 
Bo.ston (direct) R. R. passes through it. 

Hampton, p. v., Hendricks county, In>7. : 13 m. W. 
Indianapolis, and connected with that cily I)y a plank-rond. 

Hampton, p. v., Rock Island co., PL : 126 m. N. N. E. 
Springfield. 

Hampton. I. and p. o., Saginaw co., ^fu•I/. : Gl m. N. E. 
Lansing. It lies on the E. side of Saginaw r., near its en- 
trance to Saginaw Bay. Pop, 546. 

Hampton-, t. and p. v., Rockingham co., JS^. ITamp.: 41 
m. S. E. Concord. Faces S. E. on the Atlantic Ocean, and 
on its shore is a singular cliff, called the Roar's Head. The 
soil is fertile, and about a fillh of the surface is salt marsh. 
It has a good harbor, and is engaged in coasting and fisliing. 
The Eastern R. R. passes through the 1 10 m. S. Portsmouth, 
Pop. 1,197. 

S78 



HAM 



HAN 



Hammos, t. and p. v.. Wasliingrton co., K. Y. : 5S m. 
N. by E. Albany. Drained by Poultney r., which se])ar!itL'S 
it from Vermont. Surface diversified by hills and valleys — 
the valleys rich and productive. The v. is a small agricul- 
tural settlement. In tlie t. tliere are several industrial es- 
tablishments, and S99 inhabitants. 

Hampton, p. v., Adams co., Perm.: 22 m. S. by 'W. 
Uarrisburg. 

II.A.MPTON, p. v., and cap. Elizabeth City co., Virg, : on 
the "W. side of Hampton r., about a mile from its entrance 
into Hampton Roads, 74 m. S. E. Kichmond. It contains a 
court-house, jail, etc., about 2fl stores of various descrip- 
tions, 150 dwellings, and 1,200 inhabitants. 

Hamptonburgu, t. and p. v., Orange co., IT. Y.: S3 m. 
S. S. "W. Albany. Drained by Murderer's cr. and "VVaUkill, 
the latter of which bounds it on the N. W. Surface undu- 
latinff ; soil a fertile clay loam. The p. o. is 4 m. N. of 
Goshen. Pop. of 1. 1,343. 

Hampton Falls, t. and p. o., Eockingham co., JV^ Hamj). : 
43 m. S. E. Concord. Situate immediately S. of Hampton, 
and divided from it by the r., from which it is named. In 
physical character, etc., it is similar in every respect to 
Hampton, from it was separated in 17<i2. Pop. 640. 

Hajupton roads, Virg. : a branch of Chesapeake Bay 
off the mouth of James r,, between Old Point Comfort on 
the N. and "Willougbby Point on the 9. It has a sufficient 
depth of water for the largest ships of war, and is an im- 
portant naval station. On Old Point Comfort is Fort Monroe, 
which mounts 835 guns, and on the opposite point is 
Fort Calho-m, which will mount 265 guns. The work at 
Old Point Comfort occupies an area of 5G acres, and includ- 
ing the ditch, 70 acres, and Fort Calhoun about 7 acres. 
These forts completely command the entrance to the roads. 

Hamptonville, p. v., Surry county, ^. Car.: 123 m. 
W. N. "W. Raleigh. 

Hananer's Stop.e, p. o., Randolph co., Ark.: 1S7 m. 
IS. N. E. Little Rock. 

HANCirETTViLLE, p. v., Dane co., Wise: 17 m. N. E. 
Madison. 

Hancock county, Ala. Situate K. "W., and contains 
about 500 sq. ra. Drained by upper branches of the Black 
Warrior r. Surface moderately uneven, and soil generally 
good. Corn and cotton are the principal agricultural pro- 
ducts. Farms 144 ; manuf. 1 ; dwell. 251, and pop. — wh. 
1,4S0, fr. col. 0, si. 62— total 1.542. Capital : 

Hancock county, Ga. Situate E. centrally, and contains 
4S1 sq. m. Drained by branches of Ogeechee r., its E. 
boundary, and of Oconee r., its N. "W. boundary. Surface 
diversified, with some moderate hills ; soil very productive. 
This is in the great cotton belt of Georgia, and attention is 
directed mainly to its eultivalion. Farms 444 ; manuf 20 ; 
dwell. 761, and pop.— wh. 4,212, fr. col. 60, si. 7,306— total 
n,078. Capital: Sparta. 

Hancock county, ///. Situate "W., and contains 731 sq. 
m. Drained E. by branches of Crooked or., a tributary of 
the Illinois, and W. by affluents of the Mississippi, which 
divides it from loiVa and ^^issouri. Surface rolling ; soil 
fertile, especially near the Mississippi; the E. has much 
prairie, and the county is deficient in timber, though a belt 
of forest extends along the Mississippi. All the grains 
thrive, and manufactures are increasing. This will long be 
remembered as the chosen seat of Joe Smith's adherents, 
and the field of IhcMormon difRculties in 194G. Their hnlf- 
flnished temple remains to tell of the fanaticism and intoler- 
ance that in this, the 19th century, could array an otherwise 
noble people .against their brethren, because of their opinions 
on religion. Farms 1 .1 G7 ; manuf. 43 ; dwell. 2,5S5, and pop. 
— wh. i4,C33, fr. col. 19— total 14,652. Capital : Carthage. 

Hancock county, Ind. Situate E. centrally, and contains 
SOS sq. m. Drained by Blue r. and Sugar and Brandywine 
creeks. Surface level or gently undulating, and generally 
timbered; soils rich. proiUieint: wboat. corn, the grasses, 
ptc, in proruslon. Farms 1,176; manuf. 30; du'r-ll. l.G'^o, 
274 



and pop.— wh. 9,595, fr. col. 103— total 9,69S. Capital: 
Greenfield. PuUic Works: Indiana CentralE. E., Indian- 
apolis and Bellefontaine R. R. 

Hancock county, /'/. Situate N. middle, and contains 576 
sq. m. Drained by Boone r., a branch of the Des Moines, 
and the heads of Cedar'and Iowa rivers. But little settled, 
and unorganized in 1S50. 

Hancock county, Kij. Situate N. in W. pnrt, and con- 
tains 15S sq. m. Drained by Black Fork cr. and Indian cr., 
affluents of the Ohio, which washes its whole N. border. 
Surface considerably broken. Soil of average fertility. To- 
bacco is cultivated. Large deposits of coal exist, and are 
wrtiught successfully ; iron ore is also found. Farms 319 ; 
manuf. 15; dwell. 551, and pop.— wh. 8,216, fr. col. 15, si. 
G22— total, 3,S53. Capital : Hawesville. 

Hancock county. Me. Situate S. E., and contains 1.G5G 
sq. m. Drained by Union r. and its branches. It has the 
Atlantic on the S., and Penobscot bay and river on tlie 
"W., which furnish it with good harbors. The coast is cov- 
ered with many islands, some large, and the fisheries form 
an important branch of trade. The surface is somewhat 
hilly; timber and water-power abundant, and lumber tho 
great export. Soil good; wool is grown, and many pi>- 
tatoes exported. Farms 2,271; manuf. 205; dwell. 5.550, 
and pop.— wh. 34,343, fr. col. 29— total 34,372. Capital: 
Castine. 

Hancock county, Mi^iS. Situate S., and contains 93?i sq. 
m. Drained— E. by Wolf r., emptying into St. Louis Bay, 
and — "W. by branches of Pearl r., its boundary toward 
Louisiana, a large navigable stream flowing into Lako 
Bnrgne. Surface rolling or low and level ; soil mostly un- 
productive, with a growth of pine on much of it. Cotton 
and rice are the products. Farms 77; manuf. 11; dwell. 
499, and pop.— wh. 2.444, fr. col. 12, si. 1,216— total 3,672. 
Caj'ttal: Shieldsboro'. 

Hancock county, Ohio. Situate N. "W. centrally, and 
contains 52S sq. m. Drained by branches of Blanchard's 
Fork of Maumee r. and heads of Portage r., both of which 
flow into Lake Erie. Surface undulating ; soil ver\' produc- 
tive of all the grains, on which much pork is fattened. It 
is well wooded, and has several good mill streams. Farms 
1,636 ; manuf. 35 ; dwell. 2,S24, and pop.— wh. 16,725, fr. col. 
26— total 16,751. Capital : Findlay. Public W»rk3 : Find- 
lay Branch R. R. 

Hancock county, Temi. Situate N. E., and contains 312 
sq. m. Draine<l by Powells and Clinch rivers, heads of tho 
Tennessee. Mill-sites are numerous — and timber plenty 
and convenient. Surface much broken; soil fertUc. Corn 
wheat, and tobacco are the chief products. Farms 787 ; 
manuf. 17 ; dwell, 939, and pop.— wh. 5,44S, fr. col. 10, si. 202 
—total 5,660. Capital: Sneedsville, 

Hancock county, Virg. Situate in the extreme N., and 
contains 67 sq. m. Drained by aflluents of the Ohio, which 
forms its N. and "W, boundary. Surface uneven, favoring 
mantifactures by the mill-sites it affords. Soils generally 
fertile, and adapted to grains and grazing. Bituminous coal 
is extensively found. Farms 306; manuf. 2G ; dwell. 690, 
and pop.— wh. 4,140, (r. col. 7, si. 3- total 4,150. Capital • 
Ilancnck C. IL 

Hancock, t. and p. o., Hancock co., Me. : 77 m. E. by N 
Augusta. Drained by several streams falling into Skilling 
and Taimton Bays, arms of Frenchman's Bay, and the S. E. 
part of tlie t. is a peninsula, bounded by these waters. The 
V. is situate near the middle of the peninsula. Hancock 
h.ns some navigation, and is much engaged in, the shore 
fisheries. Pop. of t. 962. 

Hancock, p. v., Washington co., 3ld. : on the N. side of 
the Potomac r., 112 m, N. "W. Annapolis, and near the lino 
of the Baltimore and Ohio R, R., 124 m. from Baltimore, 
The Chesapeake and Ohio Canal also passes through it. It 
is the centre of a considerable trade, and has great facilities 
of tnmsporlation, which in the future may develop its des- 
tiny. 



HAN 



HAN 



IIancoce, t. and p. v., Berkshire co., Masx. : 117 m. W. 
Boston. The t. lies on the New York State Line, and is 
drained by branches of Kindfrhook er. and Ilousatonic r. 
Surface mountainous; soil excellent for jrrass. It ha3 
numerous mills, mechanic shops, etc., and within the t. there 
is a Shaker settlement. I*op. 7S0. 

Hancock, p. v., De Soto co., Mf'us. : 15S m. N. Jackson. 

Hancock, t. and p. v., HilIsi)orough co., -iV. Hamp, : '29 
m. S. W. Concord. Drained by branches of Contoocook r., 
which afford extensive water-power, and Long: ^ond, a con- 
siderable body of water, lies on the W. border. Surface 
uneven and mountainous; soil fertile, adapted to grazing, 
■with considerable intervale. The L has mmierous small 
manufactures. Pop. 1,012. 

Hancock, t. and p. v., Delaware eo,, iV! Y. : S6 m. S. "W. 
Albany. Drained by Papaeton or E. branch of Delaware 
r., which last makes the S- W. border. Surface broken and 
hilly; soil in the v. rich and fertile. The v. lies on the 
New York and Erie K. R., 174 m. from New York City, and 
at the junction of the branches of the Delaware. It was 
formerly called "Chehocton." or tniion of streams, and is 
now a V. of considerable trade, and has about SOO inhab- 
itants. Pop. of t. 1,798. 

Hancock, t. and p. v., Addison co., Ver?n. : 29 m. S. S. "W. 
Montpelier. Drained by head waters of Otter cr. and 
Wliite r., flowing in different directions. Surface hilly, 
being situate on the Green Mountain range, and forming tlie 
dividing ridge between Lake Champlain and Connecticut 
river. It has a small central village. Pop. of t. 430. 

Uancock's Bp.idge, p. v., Salera county, J^. Jer.: on 
Alloway's cr., 60 m. S. S. W. Trenton. It contains a few 
stores, and about 200 inhabitants. 

Handy, t. and p. o., Livingston co., JHch. : 24 m. E. S. E. 
Lansing. Drained I)y branches of Cedar r. Surface diver- 
sified by hills; soil fertile. It is a fine farming t., and has 
facilities for milling. Pop. 4S4. 

Hanevtille, p. v., Lycoming co., Pcnn. : 77 m. N. by W. 
Harrisburg. 

Hanford's Landing, p. o., Monroe co., iVI }'. ; on 
Gene-see r., 19S m. W. N. W. Albany. 

H ANGLNG Rock, p. v., Lawrence co., Ohfo : on the N. bank 
of Ohio r., 93 m. S. S. E. Columbus. It is a principal ship- 
ping place for the iron ot the region, and has several ex- 
tensive iron manufactories. It is about 5 m. below IroiUon, 
which, on account of its being the terminus of the Iron R. R., 
will, of course, draw away the business of Hanging Rock. 
Its name is derive<l from a cliff of rocks about 400 feet 
high, which, projects over the rear of the village. Pop. 
about 300. 

Hanging Eock, p. o., Kershaw dist., S. Car.: 24 m. 
N. N." E. Columbia. 

Hanging Rock, p. v., TTainpshire co., Vtrff. : on a brancli 
of Great Cacapon r., Vil m. N. W. Richmond. On the 
stream, both up and down, tln-re are nmnerous mills, 

Hannahatcuie, p. v., Stewart co., Cui.: 117 m. S. "W. 
Mi 11 edge V ill e. 

Hansa's, p. c, Sumner co., T-nn.: 31 m. N. N. E. 
Nashville. The railroad between Nashville and Danville 
will intersect this point. 

Hanna's Mills, p. o., Mahoning co., Ohio : 139 m. N. E. 
Columbus. 

Hannegan, p. v., Cherokee co., Ala. : 142 m. N. by E. 
Montgomerj'. 

Hannegan, p. v., Atchison co., Xiu : on the E. side of 
Nishnabatona r., an affluent of ihe Missouri r., 21S ni. N. "W. 
Jefferson City. 

Hannegan, p. o., Pvush county, Ind.: 3S ra. S. W. 
Indianapolis. 

Hannibal, p. v., Marion eo., Jfo. ; on the W. bank of 
Mississippi r.. 92 m. N. E. by N. Jeffers-.n City. It is a place, 
of considerable enterprise and iiusines^, and has several 
large and commodious warehouses, stores, dwellings, etc. 
Pop. about 3,000. The " Western rnioii"(whig), and the 



" Missouri Courier" (dem.), are newspapers issued weekly. 
This is the Eastern initial point of the projected Hannibal 
and Joseph R. R, 

Hannibal, t. and p. c, Oswego co., 2T. Y. : 14S m. 
W. N. W. ^Vlbany. Drained by several small creeks of 
Lake Ontario. Surface undulating; soil sandy loam and 
fertile. The v. is an agricultural settlement of some 35 or 40 
dwellings. In the t. are several mills, and 2,S57 inhab- 
itants. 

Hannibal Centre, p. v., Oswego co., y. Y. : 143 m. 
W\ N. W. Albany. 

Hanover county, Virg. Situate E. centrally, and con- 
tains 524 sq. m. Drained "W. by South Anna r., which, 
unites with North Anna to form Pamunky r., the last two 
bounding it N. and flowing into York r., and 8. by Chick- 
ahoniiny r., a branch of the James. Surface uneven, and 
in i)arts hilly ; soils very unequal, with much excellent corn 
and wheat land. Tobacco is grown in p.arts. Noted his- 
turically as the birth-plaeo of Patrick Henry, Wm. Henry 
Harrison, and Uenry Clay. Farms 003; manuf. 32; dwell. 
1,827, aud pop.— wh. 0,541, fr. col. 219, si. 8,393— total 15,158. 
Capital: Hanover C. H. Public Works: Virginia Central 
R. R. ; Richmond, Frederick, and Potomac li. R., etc. 

IIanotkk, t. and p. o., Oxford co., Me. Pop. 366. 

IlANOTEii, p. v., Jo Daviess co., III.: on Apple r., 173 m. 
N. N. "W. Springfield. 

Hanover, v., Jefferson co., Ind. : on the high bluffs of 
the Ohio r., G n\. below Madison, and SI S. E. Indianapolis. 
Here is located Hanover College, founded 1S29; in 1S50 it 
had a jiresident, 9 professors, 120 alumni (of which 55 were 
ministers) 100 students, and a library of about 4,500 volumes. 
The V. contains about 120 dwellings, and, including stu- 
dents, has about 800 inhabitants. 

Hanuvek, t. and p. o., Jackson co., Mich.: 41 m. S. 
Lansing. Drained by branches of Kalamazoo r. Pop. 931. 

Hanoveu, t. and p. v., Plymouth co., Ma^s. : 22 m. S. S. E. 
Bi)Sion. ].)rained by Pembroke and otlier streams, which 
unite (m the E. border of the t. to form North r. ; these 
afford line water-power. It has cousideraldc manufacturing 
establishmtTnts, and a population of 1,592. 

IIanoveu, t. and p. v., Grafton co., N". Ilamp.: b\ m. 
N. W. Concord. Drained by streams falling into Connecticut 
r., over which is a bridge connecting it with Norwich. 
Surface pleasantly diversified; soils fertile. iMoose Mount- 
ain, an elevated ridge, crosses the t. in a N. and S. direction. 
There are several islands in the Connecticut belonging to 
Hanover. The v. is situate on a plain half a mile E. of 
the r., and is a place of some eohsideratifm for its general 
industry ami its great college. Dartmouth College was 
founded in 1769, and has a medical department, founded 
1797, both of which are in high repute as scats of learning. 
In 1^50 the college had 9 professors, 3,675 aluiililii, of whicli 
7SS had entered the ministry, 225 students, and a library of 
22.400 volumes; and the medical school had 6 professors, 50 
students, au'l 800 graduates. Many of the most distin- 
guished stiitesinen, literati, and physicians of the f nion 
claim this institution as their alma jnater, and among 
these may be mentioned Daniel Webster, Franklin Pierce, 
Rufas Choate, Nathaniel Hawthorne, and other illustrious 
men, whose names are household words with their coun- 
trymen. The principal buildingsof the v. are erected r-Mind 
a square level area of 12 acres, and the remainder stand 
on different streets leading from the green in all directions. 
A monthly religious paper, the "Parents' Monitor," is pub- 
lished here. Pop. of t. 2,352. 

Hanoveu, t., Buriington eo., y. Jer.: 26 m. S. E. Tren- 
ton. Drained by Black's and Crosswiek's creeks, and a 
branch of Kaucoeus. Surface level; soil sandy lo-im aud 
sand. It has several iron-works, distilleries, grist and saw 
mills. Pop. 2,247. 

Hanover, t. and p. v., Morris co., N". Jer. : 47 m. N. N. E. 
Trenton. Draineil I)y "Wlnppany and Parsipany rivers 
branches of Rockaway r., wliich nms on the N. bijrder of 

2T5 



HAN 



HAR 



the t. Surface diversified, in the K.W. hilly ; soil, clay loam 
and gravel. The v. is near llic Passaic r., and contains 120 
inhabiUints. The l. has several iron-works and olhur manu- 
factures, inL-luding woolen, collon, paper, elc, and numer- 
ous grisl and saw mills. Pup. 3,00S. 

Hanovee, t. and p. v., Chaulauque co., IiT. Y. : 267 m. W. 
Albany. Drained chiefly by tilvLT cr., and Oallaraugus r, 
bounds it on the N., and on tlic N. W. Lake Krie. sjurfaee 
broken and hilly; soil on the lake shore and i>n the streams 
very fertile. The v. is a small setllemenL This t. is noted 
for ils line timber. It has considerable manufactures, and 
enjoys many water privilegL's for navigation and milling. 
The liuffalti and State Line li. P. passes througli its N. W. 
part, and iIk- New York and Erie li. K. through its 6. por- 
tions. Pop. 5,1-14. 

Uanovei:, I. and p. o., Licking co., 0/no : 41 m. E. N. E. 
Columbus. Drained by Licking r., which runs through it. 
Surface gcnt-rally level ; soil dark loam and sand, very fer- 
tile. The Ohio Canal runs along the valk-y nf the Licking, 
and also the Stcubenville and Indiana IC. U., on tlie opjiu- 
aite side of the r. Pop. 1,1S7. 

Hanover, p. b., York co., Penn.: on a branch of Cone- 
wago cr. of Susquehanna r., 31 m. S. llarrisburg. It is a 
highly flourishing place with several manufactures, and has 
two newspapers, the "li. Spectator" and the "II. Giizeite." 
both weekly issues. Pop. 1,240. A branch of the lialti- 
more and Susquehanna K. U. comes up tu tlie liorough. 

Hanoveu, p. v., Coosa co., Ala.: 41 m. N. Montgomery. 

Uanovkk, p. v., and cap. Hanover eo., Viry, : near I'a- 
munky r., and on the line of the Virginia Central 11. K., IS 
U). N. Richmond. It cmtains a court-house. Jail, etc., and 
about 2U0 inhabitants. 

Hasovku Centre, p. v., Grailon co., i\^. Ilamp.: 53 m. 
N. W. Concord. 

Hanovkb Keck, p. o., Morris co., iT. Jer, : 4S m. N. N. E. 
Trenton. 

Hanuverton, p. v., Columbiana co., Ohio: on Ihc line 
of the Saiuly and Beaver Canal, llS m. N. E. Columbus. 
It cuuUiins warehouses, numerous stores, mills, etc., and 
about M.tO inhabitants. A branch of the Cleveland and 
Pittsburg U. li., l^m. long, comes up to the village. 

Hanson, I. and p. v., Plynioutli co., J/</.vs, ; 23 m. S. S. E. 
Boston. Drained by a branch of Norlli r. and several 
pouds. It lies in the vioinitj of extensile beds of iron ore, 
and manufactures largely ship anchors, nails, carriage 
springs, castings, etc. Pop. 1,217. The Old Colony li. K. 
passes tliruugh Hanson, 12 m. from Plymouth. 

Hanson, p. v., Marion county, Mo.: S2 m. N. N. E. 
Jcflerst)n City. 

Uansonville, p. v., Russell co., Vlrg. : on the W. branch 
of Holslun r., 203 m. W. by S. liichmond. 

Hai- Ha'zako, p. o., Calahoulu par.. La. : 122 m. N. W. 
Baton liouge. 

Hai'pv Valley, p. o., Carter county, Tenii.: 253 m. E. 
Nashulie. 

Hai!ai.son, p. v., Coweta co., G(i.: on the W. side of 
Flint r., 7*> nt. W. by N. Milledgeville. 

Habbuk Cukkk, U and p. o., Erie co., Pemi.: 216 m. 
N. W. Hitrrisburg. Drained by several streams of Lake 
Erie, which forms ils K. boundary. Surface broken ; soil 
of aveni-. fertility. The p. o. is situate on the line of the 
Erie and North-east l;. K., 7 m. from Erie. Pop. 2,1)93. 

Haiiuou Hill, Queens c(»., N. Y. : the highest point of 
land on Long Island, l)ing in the L of North Hempstead. 
It is 319 I'eet above the Atlantic Ocean, from which it is 
visible 25 miles. 

Haki>em.\n county, Tmin, Situato S. W., and contains 
913 sq. m. Drained by Big Halchic r., a tributary of Mis- 
sissippi r., and its brandies. Surface mostly level or sMglitly 
broken, with a light and sandy soil. There are good water 
■ privileges and some limber. Cotton is the staple, thnut;h 
the grains pruduce largely, and tobacco pays well. Farms 
l,o-i7; nuiu.u. lU; dwell. 1,735. and pi»p.— wh. 10,350, fr. 
276 



col. 3S. si. 7,10S— tohil 17,49l>. L'upital : Bolivar. Pabiic 
Wurkti: Memphis and Cliarlcston It. R. 

Hakuin county, III. Situate S., and contains 184 sq. m. 
Drained by Saline cr. and other uihuents of Ohio r., which 
bounds it E. and S. Surface high and broken ; soil fertile, 
with good pasturage. Lead and iron are abundant Watcr- 
l»ower gt)od. Farms 32tj; manuf. U; dwell. 4^5. and pop.— 
>vh. 2,SU7, fr. col. 79— total 2,SsG. Capital: Elizabethlown. 

Hardin county, la. Situate N. centrally, and contaros 
576 sq. m. Intersected by the Iowa and ilrained by its af- 
fluents. Mostly unsettled. Unorganized in 1S50. 

Hardin county^ Ky. Situate N. centrally, and contains 
439 sq. m. Drained by Rolling Fork of Salt r. and Sail r., 
which bounds it N. E., and Nolin and Rough creeks, 
branehe$ of Green r., all whieh flow into the Ohio. Sur- 
face much diversified ; soil fertile — wheat, corn, and tobacco 
are staples. Many sheep and cattle are raised. Farms 
1.406; manuf. 50; dwell. 2.005, and pop.— wh. 12,023, fr. 
col. 43, si. 2,459— total 14,525. Capital: Eiizabeihtown. 
J'uhlic Wor/cti: Nashville and Louisville It. li. 

Haudin county, Ohio. Situate N. W. centrally, and con- 
Uiins 5S0 sq. ro. Drained centrally and S. by the Scioto 
r. an<I a branch of Miami r., and in the N. by Blanch- 
ard's fork of Maumce r., an aflluent of Lake Erie. Sur- 
face elevated, but not much broken; soils fertile, and 
adapted to grain and grass, with good timber in parts. 
Farms 7S3; manuf. 26; dwell 1,402, and pop.— wh. 8,237, 
fr. col. 14 — total S,251. CapikU: Kenton. Public WorA'^i: 
Mad River and Lake Erie K. li. ; Ohio and Indiana li. li., 
and Indianapolis and Bellefontidne li. R. 

Hakoin county, Teiin. Situate S. W., and contains 1.043 
sq. m. Drained by numerous creeks of Tennessee r., which 
flr)ws through it from S. to W. Surface varied, with some 
low marshes; soil good and kind to the grains, which con- 
stitute the stai)les. Tobacco and cotton are raised in smaller 
quantities. Farms C90; manuf. 19; dwell. 1,503, and pop, 
— wh. 9,040, fr. cul. 31, si. 1,257— total 10,323. CapiUtl: 
Savannah. Puhlic Works : Memphis and Charleston K. E., 
and Nashville and Memphis li. R. 

IlAitDiN, p. v., Shelby co., Ohio: on Frith cr., 63 m. 
W. N. W. Columbus. 

Haroin. p. v., and cap. Calhoun co., III. : on the W. side 
of Illinois r., d^ m. S. W. Springlield. 

Harihn, p. o., Allemakee co., la.: 112 ra. N. Iowa City. 

Hakoingsruru, v., Dearborn co., Jud.: on the "W. side 
of Great Miami r., 2 m. N. Lawrenccburg and SO m. S. E. 
Indianap^tlis. It is also on the line of the While Water 
Canal. 

Haruing's Point, p. v., Mississijjpi Co., Ark. : 18S m. 
N. E. Little Rock. 

IlAiiDiNGViLLE, p. V., Glouccstcr CO., N. Jcr. : S5 m. 
S. by W. Trenton. 

HAKDiNsiurnGii, p. v., Washington county, liul.: 73 m. 
S. by E. Indianapolis. 

Haudinskuuoii, p. v., Montgomery county, JIL: 4T m. 
S. by E. Springfield 

llAitDiNsiJUBGn, p. v., and cap. Breckenridge co., Ky.: 
about half a mile E. of Hardin's cr. and 93 ra. W. S. W. 
Frankfurt. It contains a court-house, jail, etc., and about 
809 inhabitants. 

Haruin's Tavkun, p. o., Albemarle co., Yirg. : on the 
line of the Virginia Central K. K., 73 m. W. N. W. Itich- 
niond. 

Hakdinsville, p. v., Shelby co., Ky. : on Benson cr. of 
Kentucky r., 9 m. W. S. W. Frankfort. 

Hardstonev, p. o., Stewart counly, Ga. : 111 m. S. W. 
Milleilgeville. 

11ai;p'.vick, t. and p. v., Worcester co., Mas.<i. : 01 m. W. 

Boston. Drained by branches of Ware r., whicu runs 

along ils S. border and furnishes water-power. Surface 

i diversified; scmI of onlinary fertility. '1 he v.. situate oen- 

I trally, has two churches and about 250 inhabitants. Pop. 

, of L 1,631. 



HAR 



IIAR 



Hakdwick, t. and p. v., Calodonia co., Vfrm.: 24 ra. 
N. N. K. Monrpelicr. Drained by Lamoille r. and ils tribu- 
taries, which have exlcnsiive water-power. Surface rollinfr; 
soil productive. There are several sulphur sprinj;3 in 
the t. 'J'he v. is on the N. bank of the Lamoille. Pop. of 
1. 1,-10-2 * 

IIahdwick, t. and port of entry, Bryan co.. Oa. : 147 m. 
S. E. MdlrdEroviHc. It is a port willi mniiiierce. 

IIakdwicksvillk. p. v.. Nelson co., Virf/. : b'S ra.W. by N. 
Kicliniond. 

Uakuv county, Virff. Siluato N., and contains 1,1CS 
eq. m. Drained by North Branch of Totomao r., its N. W. 
boundary. Souih Braiieli of I'otomac, which, with numer- 
ous branches, flows liirouy;h the miiJdle. and i--. by Caca- 
pon r. Surface mountainous, with tlie Allei^hany ridge iu 
the W., and Shenandoah ami Branch mountains in the E. 
and S., which, with tiio streams lo which they give rise, af- 
ford the best of water-power and of timber; soil rich iu the 
vallevs, with p;o.id pasturage on tlie hills. Beef, pnrk. and 
wool are exported. Farms "28; manuf. 49; dufll. I.IWZ, 
and pop.— wh. 7,930, fr. col. 303, si. l,3tJU- total 9,J>4o. 
Ctijtital.: Moorefield. 

Uai;foku county, J/i/. Situate N. E.. and contains 412 
sq. m. _ It has the Susquehaima for its N. B. b<»ini<iary, 
Chesapeake Bay its S. K., and Little Gunpowder r. ils S. W., 
and is drainer! by their afllucats. Surface in the S. low and 
flat, with many arms of the bay; in the N. elexuted, stony, 
and hilly, with many fine water privileges; soil much di- 
versified — in the S. loam and clay predominate, and all 
parts are excellent grass lands. Deer cr.. flowing into tlie 
Susquehanna, has perpendicular banks of stone from 200 to 
SOD feet high; limestone and granite are found, and rich 
iron ore is abundant. Farms 1,278; manuf. 72; dwell. 
2.977. and pop.— wh. 14.413, fr. col. 2,777, si. 2,166— total 
19.356. Oipttal: Bel-Air. rtthlic Works: IMiiladelpliia, 
"Wilmington, and B.'dtimore R. B. ; Tidewater Canal; IMiil- 
adclphia and Baltimore (.direct) 11. It. 

Harford, t. and p. v., Cortlandt county, K. 1'.: 124 m. 
W. by S. Albany. Drained by Bast Owcgo cr. SurCico 
uneven; soil fertile, sand and clay loam. The v. is a small 
settlement on the W. side of Die creek. Pop. of t. i>49. 

Harford, 1. and p. v., Susquehanna co., J'evn. : US m. 
N. X. E. Harri.shurg. Drainc<i by branches of Tunkhan- 
nock cr., which afford great water-power. Surface diver- 
sified ; soil adajitetl In grass. The v. is a small but neat 
place. In the 1. there are some manufactures and 1,302 
inhabitants. 

Hakgkate, p. v., Copiah county, JItss. : 37 m. S. S. W. 
Jackson. 

Habgeove's TA-vEKN,p. o.,Nansemond co., Virg. : "4 m. 
S. E. Bichmond. 

Harkinsville, p. T., Anderson dist., S, Car.: 113 m. 
"SV. N. W. Columbia, 

Harlan county, Ay. Situate S. E. corner, and contains 
954 sq. m. Drained by the heatl and many branches of 
Cumberland r., which runs through it from N. E. to S. W. 
Cumberland Mountains form its S. E. border, and the sur- 
face is elevated and mountainous, with fine forests and 
abundant water-power ; soil in the valleys productive and 
generally good pasturage. Farms 035; manuf 0; dwell. 
687. and pop.— wh. 4.109, fr. col. 36, si. 123— total 4,263. 
Cttpihtl : Harlan. 

Harlan, p. v., Allen co., Iiuh : 100 ra. N". E. Indianapolis. 

Haklas, p. v., and cap. Harlan eo., Ky. : on the Cum- 
berland r., lis m. S. E. Frankfort. It contains a court- 
house, jail, etc., and about 350 inhabitants. 

Harlkesvillf., p. v., Marion disL, S. Car. : on the "W. 
side of Little Pee Dee r.. 100 ra. E. N. E. Columbia. 

Harlem, p. o., "Wiimebago eo., m.: on Willow cr. of 
Eock r., 177 m. N. by E. Springfield. 

Hari.em t. and p. v., Delaware co., OMo: IS m. N. N. E. 
Columbus. Drained by branches of Big Walnut and Big 
Lick creoks. Surface elevated and diversified ; soU moder- 



ately fertile. The v. is situate in the S. W. part of the t, 
and is a small agricultural seflement. Pop. 1.1S2. 

Harlf.m river, N. Y, : a strait cnnneclmg the East r. 
with Hudson r., and forming the N. boundary of New York 
county. Its western terminus has the n-ime of Spuytea 
Tuj vil cr. The whole is about 9 m. long, and is crossed by 
several bridges, and also by High Bridge, or CroLon Aque- 
duct, one of the finest works in the Uniim. 

Harlem Spring, p. o., Carroll co., Ohio: 5 m. S. E. Car- 
rollton and lOS m. E. N. E. Columbus. There is a noted 
mineral spring at this place, said to have remedial properties. 

Haelemville, p. v., C^tlumbia co., A''. Y.: 31 m. S. by E. 
Albany. 

HARLENSBrRGu, p. b.. Lawreucc county, Perm.: 193 m. 
W. N. W. Harrisburg. 

Harlkysville, p. v., Montgomery co., Penn.: 84 m. E. 
llarrisburg. 

Harlingek, p. v., Somerset county, N, Jer.: 16 m. N. 
Tr.-nlon. 

Hakmar, p. v., Wa-shiiigton co., OJtio : on the 9. side of 
Muskingum r.. opposite Marietta, and at its confluence with 
the Ohio. S8 m. E. S. E. Columbus. It is the site of old 
Fort Harmar, the first fort erected by Americans in Ohio, 
and i- named al^er its commander. It is a flourishing placo 
of about 1.200 inhabitants, and has several mills and manu- 
factories, Ibr which it has abundance of water-power from 
the dam on the Muskingum ; steamboats are also built here. 

Harmarville, p. v., Alleghany co., Penn.: 177 m. W. 
llarrisburg. 

IIarmonsburgu, p. b., Crawford co., Pejin.: on Con- 
ncaut cr., at the N. end of Conneaut Lake, 212 m. W. N.W. 
llarrisburg. 

Harmonv. p. v.. Clay co., Tnd. .■64 m. 9.W. Indianapolis. 

IIarmosv, t. anil p. o.. Somerset co., Jfe. : 49 m. N. by E. 
Augusta. Drained by Higgins' and Maine streams, which 
empty into Moose Pond, the source of a constituent of Se- 
basiicook r. Surface diversified ; soil fertile and adapted to 
wheat. The are two villages in the t. Pop. 1,107. 

Har-mont, p. v., Washington co.. Mo. : on Courtois cr. of 
Maramec r., S3 m. S. E. Jefferson City. 

Harmony, t. and p. v., Warren co., Al Jer.: 43 m. N.W. 
Trenton. Drained by tributaries of Delaware r. Surface 
diversified ; soil generally good. The Delaware forms the 
W. border of the U The v. is a small settlement of some 
30 dwellings. Pop. of t. 1,5W. 

Haf.monv, t and p. v., Chautauque eo.. A' Y. : 2S3 m. 
W. by S. Albany. Drained by Little Broken Straw cr., 
nitming S. into Pennsylvania, and Goose cr. and other 
streams into Chautauque Lake, which lies on its N. E, 
border. Surface rolling; soil, sandy and gravelly loara, 
with some clay. The v. is a small settlement on the lake. 
In the t. there are numerous saw and grist mills, tanneries, 
ete. Pop. 3,749. 

Haemonv, p. o., Tork dist,, S. Car. : 77 m. N. Columbia. 

Harmony, p. v., Kent co., Jfd. 

Harmony, p. o., M'llenry co., HL: 172 m. N. N. E. 
Springfield. 

Harmony, p. c, Elbert county, Ga.: 87 m. N. N. E. 
Milledgeville. 

Harmony, p. v., Halifax co., Virg.: on an affluent of 
Dan r., 109 m. S. W. Richmond. 

Harmony Grove, p. o., Jackson co., Ga. : S2 m. N. by W. 
Milledgeville. 

Harmony Vale, p. v., Sussex co., 2^. Jer.: 74 m. N. 
Trenton. 

Habnageville, p. v., Cherokee co., Ga.: on Etowah r., 
136 m. N. N. W. Milledgeville. 

Haenedsville, p. v., Somerset county, Penn.: 113 m. 
W. by S. llarrisburg. 

IlAROLn, p. o., M<mtgomery co., Arl: : on Washita r., 53 
m. W. by S. Little Bock. 

Harper's Ferry, p. v., Jefferson co., Virg. : at the con- 
fluence of the Shenandoah and Potomac rivers, and where 

27T 



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the united stream passes through the Blue Kidge, 122 m. 
N. by W. Eichmond. Its scenery is most magnificent. The 
V. contains several considerable manufactures, and has nu- 
merous large and well-stocked stores. A national armory 
ia also located here, which has immense workshops, and in 
Trhich are manufactured every variety of small arms and 
equipments. Among other products in ISOO were 9,600 
percussion muskets and li),S36 muskets altered to percus- 
sion. The river is here spanned by a (ine bridge nearly 
800 feet long» and the Baltnnore and Ohio K. 11. passes 
through it, S-i m. from Baltimore, and the Wiuehoster and 
Potomac K. 11. commences here. Along the N. bank of the 
r. the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal has its course. Pop. 
about T,000. 

Harper's Ferry, p. o., Abbeville (list., S. Gir.: on the 
Savamiah r., IDS m. W. by N. Culumbia. 

Habpeksfield, t. and p. v., Delaware co., 2^. T. : 4,0 m. 
W, a. W. Albany. Drained by Charlotte and Delaware 
rivers. Surface hilly and broken ; soil a dark fertile loam, 
and well cultivated. The v. has about 260 inhabitants. 
There are in the t. several grist and saw mills, fulling mills, 
and tanneries. Pop. 1,6U4. 

IIaepeesfield, t. and p. o., Ashtabula co., Ohio,: 162 ra. 
N. E. Columbus. Drained by Grand r., which runs through 
it. Surface diversified; soils rich and fertile. It has sev- 
eral mills and factories. Unionville, on the Cleveland, 
Painesville, and Ashtabula E. R,, is the principal v. in the 
town. Pop. 1,279. 

Harper's Home, p. c, Brunswick county, Tirg.: 73 ra. 
S. S. W. Biclimond. 

Harper's Mills, p. o., Pendleton co., Vtrg. : 133 m. N.W. 
Eichmond. 

Hakpep-sville, p. v., Shelby co., Ala. : 70 m. N. by W. 
Montgomery. 

Harpersville, p. v., Broome co., A' Y. : on the "W. side 
of Susquehanna r., 103 m. W. S. "VV. Albany. P(*p. about 
260. 

Harpeth, p. T., "WiUiamaon co., Teim. : 24 m. S. S. E. 
Nashville. 

Harrell's Store, p. c, New Hanover co., A'^ Car. : 112 
m. S. S. E. Ealeigh. 

Harrellsville, p. v., Hertford co., A^ Car. : 102 m. N. E. 
Ealeigh. 

Haekiettsto-wn, t. and p. o., Franklin co., A^. Y.: 114 
m. N. by W. Albany. Drained by Lower Saranac Lake and 
several other lakes and ponds forming the som-ces of the Sar- 
anac and Eacket rivers. Surface in the S. E. mountainous, 
otherwise varied; soil generally fertile, and timber is 
abundant. The v, has several stores, and about 40 dwell- 
ings. The t. is yet but sparsely settled and in a wilderness 
state. Pop. 1S7. 

Hareiettsville, p. v., Monroe co., Ohio : lOS m. E. by S. 
Columbus. 

Harrington, p. t., Cumberland co., A*". Car. : 56 m. 
S, by W. Ealeigh. 

Harrington, t. and p. o., Washington co., Me. : 104 m. 
E. Augusta. The t occupies two peninsulas, having Pleas- 
ant Eiver Bay on the K., and Narragaugus Bay on its W. 
side; and the rivers emptying into these, both of the same 
name, afford extensive water-power. It has numerous 
mills, etc. Pop. 9ti3. 

Harris county, Ga. Situate W. centrally, and contains 
414 sq. m. Drained by Long Canoe, I'ine Mountain, 
and Mulberry creeks, affluents of Chattahoochee r., its W. 
boundary. Pine Mountain crosses the N., and the surface 
is much diversified. The soil is good, producing com and 
the grains. Farms 878; manuf. 73; dwell. 1,175, and pop. 
— wii. 6,709, ft. col. 30, 8l. 7,982— total 14,721. Capital: 
Hamilton. 

Harris county, TVc. Situate S. E., and contains 1,656 

sq. m. Drained by Cedar Bayou, its E. boundary; Sau 

Jacinto r., which flows through the E. half, Si>ring cr., its 

branch, and N. line of county; Buffalo Bayou and its afflu- 

273 



ents, Sims, Brays, Horse Pen, White Oak, Hunting, Green's, 
and Carpenter's bayoux, and by Clear cr., on its S. bordor, 
all of which empty into Galveston Bay. It is finely situated 
for the transportation of its products, having Galveston 
Bay in the S. E. and several large rivers ; the San Jacinto 
navigable 40 m., ButTalo Bayou 30, and Cedar cr. 20, all deep 
streams, with scarcely perceptible currents. The streams 
are lined with furesls, but most of the county is open prai- 
rie, with a rolling surface in the N. The soU just on the 
coast is of moderate fertility, but in the middle and N. con- 
sists of a deep black mold, with a substratum of shells, and 
the E. has some of the best land in East Texas. Its timber 
is very valuable, consisting of pine on San Jacinto r. and 
Buffalo Bayou, and elsewhere of magnolia, cypress, cedar, 
and several kinds of oak. Eotten Hmestonc and beds of 
clay abound in the N. Cotton is the great staple, but all 
the grains yield largely, and sugar is successfully cul- 
tivated. In the S. E. was fought the famous Battle of San 
Jacmto. Farms 197; manuf. 42; dwell. S34, and pop.— 
wh. 3.756, fr. col. 7, si. 905— total 4,6GS. Capital: Houston. 
Public Worls: Houston and Galveston li. E., and Buffalo 
Bayou, Brazos, and Colorado E. E. 
Harris, p. v., Louisa co., Virg. : 4T m. N. W. Eichmond. 
Harrisbuegu, p. v., Fayette co., Ind. : 60 m. E. by S. 
Indianapolis. 

HARUisjJCRGn, p. T., Pontotoc CO., Miss. : 149 m. N. N. E 
Jackson. 

IlARRisBUEfiH. p. v., Mecklcuburgh co., X. Car.: 127 m. 
W. S. W. Ealeigh. 

Harribrurgu, p. v., Abbeville disL, S. Car.: 103 m. 
W. by N. Columbia. 

IlARnisiiURGn, t. and p. o., Lewis co., A'l K ; 124 m. 
N. W. Albany. Drained by creeks, affluents of Black r., 
which afford water-power. Surface generally level ; soil a 
brown loam. There are several mills and stores in the t. 
Pop. 1,367. 

llAmusBD-RGH, p. city, and cap. Dauphin co., PeJin., and 
capital of the State of Pennsylvania: on the E. bank of 
Susquehanna r., in lat, 40^ 16' N., and long. 76° 50' W., 110 
m. N. Washington. The river though voluminous is not 
navigable here, except for rafts, which descend the cur- 
rent; but it is accessible from all parts by canal or rail- 
road, and is a very flourishing interior market. The city ia 
Imilt on elevated ground, and commands a varied and 
pleasant prospect of the surrounding country. The public 
buildings are the State capilol, the court-house, the county 
prison, a Masonic Hall, the Lancasterian school, churches of 
all denominations, some built at great expense, school- . 
houses, etc. The Capitol, or State house, is an imposing 
structure, consisting of a main building and two wings, 
each adorned with a portico and Ionic pillars; the central 
edifice is ISO feet wide, 80 feet deep, and 108 feet from Uie 
ground to the top of the dome, and the whole is surrounded 
by an open area, adorned with two walks and an iron railing. 
Ilarrisburg has considerable manufactures and most of the 
mechanic arts; its commerce is extensive. The press of 
Ilarrisburg consists of 1 daily newspaper and 7 published 
weekly ; the daily is the " H. American" (whig), of which 
there is also a weekly edition, and the weeklies are the 
"Vaterland Vechter'' (whig), the "Dem<icralic XTniou" 
(dem.), the *' Pennsylvania Telegraph" (whig), the " Key- 
stone" (dem.), the "Church Advocate" (relig.), and the 
'•Pensylvania Intelligencer" (whig). Water is supplied to 
the city through iron pipes from a reservoir on Mount Airy, 
into which it is elevated from the Susquehanna. The city 
is lighted with gas, and in its general pohce is one of the 
best conducted communities in the Union. Pop. in 1S20 
about 3,000 ; in 1S30, 4,807 ; in 1&40, 5,9?0, and in 1S50, 8,173. 
Ilarrisburg bridge, over the Susquehanna, Is a flne covered 
structure, extending to an island and thence to the opposite 
bank, 2,876 feet long, 40 feet wide, and 50 feet above the 
river, and below is the bridge of the Cumberland Valley 
E. 11.) also a substantial structure. 



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IlARRisBCRon, p. v., FruukUu co., Ohio: on iMrby cr.. 
14 ni. S. W. Columbus. 

JlAKRie' Cross ICoadSj p. o,, Franklin co., J\'. Ow.: SS m. 
N. E. Kaleigh. 

IIauris' Feiiky, p. o., Wasliin^rlon co,, Oirrf. : on the 
Tualaiin r., ati artlueiit of llie Wilhuneltt-, Sii lu. N. I>y W. 
Baluiu. 

IIarbls Hill, p. o., Erie co., N. Y. : '25S ni.W. All'any. 

ilAiutib' Lot, p. a, Cluirlcs county, M<l.: 47 in. S. W. 
Annapolis. 

Harrison county, Ind. Situate S., and contains 44G sq. 
m. Drained by Blue r. an<l Indian and liuuk creeks, ull 
afiUicnLs of the Oliio, wliieh Ibrnis its S. K.. S., and ^. W. 
l)()undary. Surfai-e rolling — in parts broken ; soil £;ood — on 
tlie streams very protluclive, and occasionally barren, with 
thin soil. Sink-holes and caves occur ia several parts. 
Com, wheat, and pork artt the stai)le products. Farms 
1,050; manuf. 19; dwell. 2,045, and pop.— wh. 15,'20G, fr. 
col. 80— total 15,2SG. Capltul: Corydon. 

Harrison county, 2a. Situate "VV., and contain 49ti sq. ni. 
Brained by Little Sioux, Soldier, and Ii(jyei*'s rivers, atllu- 
enta of the Missouri, which Ibruis its W. boundary. Unor- 
ganized in 1S50. 

Harrison county, Ky. SituatH N., in K. jiart, and con- 
Uiins 310 sq, m. Licking r., a branch of Uliio r., crosses its 
N. E. comer, and its branches drain it. Surlace diversilied, 
affording good water-power. Soil very fertile, producing 
great crops of the grains, on which cattle, hogs, and sheep 
are raised in largo numbers. Farms ],13U; manuf. 54; 
dwell. 1,753, and pop.— wh. 9,7;3'.l, fr. col. Uit, si. 3,1S5— 
total 1:3,004. Capital: Cyntliiana. J'tiblic ll(W.%s; Lex- 
ington and Covington U.K.; and Frankfort and Coving- 
Ion K. K. 

JJareison county, Miss. Situate S., ami contains 1,004 
sq. m. Drained by Wolf and IJiloxi rivers in the S., and iu 
the N. by lied and Black creeks, atlUients of Paseagoula r. 
Surface mostly level, and in parts marshy ; soil light and 
sandy, of moderate fertility, and covered with a growth of 
pine. Cotton is the export. Farms 84 ; manuf. 19 ; dwell. 
*2T, and pop.— wh. S,3T8, fr. cul. 50, si. 1,441— total 4,875. 
Ciipital: Mississippi City. 

Harrison county. Mo. Situate N., and contains 792 
sq. m. It lies between E. and W. forks of Grand r., a trib- 
utary of the Mis.souri, and is drained by their brandies. 
Surface various, and soil generally fertile and well wooded. 
Farms 141 ; manuf. ; dwell. 3^7, and pop. — wh. 2,434, fr. 
col. 0. si. 13— total 2,447. Capital: Bethany. 

Harrison county, Ohio. Situate E. centrally, and contains 
412 sq. m. Drained "W. by branches of Tuscarawas r., a head 
of Muskingum r., and E. by several small streams flowing 
E. into the Ohio. Surface very uneven, giving rise to nume- 
rous mill-streams and good water-power. Soil very pro- 
ductive, and finely adapted to grain and grazing. Beef, pork, 
and wool are largely raised, and manufactures are extensive. 
Farms 1,66S ; manuf. 74 ; dwell. y,.')20, and pop. — wh. 19.S70, 
fr. col. 287- total 20,167. Capital : Cadiz. Fuhlic Worka : 
Ohio Central K. R. 

Uaebison county, Tex. Situate N. E., and contains 1,083 
sq. m. Drained by Duffou's cr., IVitter's cr.. Eight Mile cr., 
and other affluents of Sat»ine r., its S. W. boundary, and 
Little and Big Cypress rivers, the latter ita N. boundary, 
with Ferry and Caddo lakes, l<y the affluents of which the N. 
is drained. The streams are small, but swifl ; surface almost 
level, with a gentle slope to the S. K., and, except u few 
prairies in the W., covered with a dense forest of huge 
pines, cypresses, elms, hickories, and oaks. Soil, except a 
few sandy ridges in the N. W., very productive, consisting 
of rich black mold, with a subslralum of red loam. Cotton 
yields great crops, and wheat as good or better. Excellent 
coal is found on the Sabine r. Farms 521 ; manuf. 13 ; dwell. 
972, and pop.— wh. 5,004, fr. col. 5, si. 6,213— total 11,822. 
Capital : Marshall. 
lliEfiisos county, Virg. Situate N. "VS'., and contains 459 



sq. in. Drained by "W". fork of Monongahela river and its 
branches. Surface elevated and broken, with tlno mill- 
streams; soil very fertile. All llie grains thrive, and much 
attention is paid to raising cattle and fattening pork. Maplo 
sugar and tobacco are among the products. Farms 1,093; 
manuf. 34 : dwell. 1,S00. and pop.- wh. 11,214, fr. col. 20, si. 
488— total 11,728. Capital: Clarksburg. PuhUc Works: 
North-western li. U. 

Harrison, p. \"., Winnebago co., 111. : on the S. of Fecka- 
totiica r., 182 m. N. Spi-ingljold. 

IIarri8<»\, t. and p. o., Cumberland county. Me. : 51 m. 
\V. S. W. Augusta. It lias (/ronked r. on the E.. and on 
the \\ . Long INmd, <»r Bay uf Naples. It is connected with 
I'lirtbind l'\ Sibago Lake and the canal. Surlace various; 
soil icrlile, and ada|ilfd to wheat. Pop. 1,410. 

Harrison, p. <»., Washtenaw co., Mich. 

Harrison, t. and p. o., Westchester co., K. Y.: 133 m. 
S. by E. Albany. Drained by Blind Brook and Mamaroneck 
cr., which run S. into Lung bland Sound. Surface level, 
but diversified; soil loam, and well cultivated. The p. o. 
is 20 m. from New York City, and the t. is intersected by 
the New York and New Haven It. R. Pop. 1,201. 

Harrison, p. v., Hamilton co,, Ohio: on the E. side of 
White Water r., and on the canal, 105 ra. W. S. W. Colum- 
bus. It is a flourishing v., with several mechanic shops, 
stores, etc., and about 700 inhabitants. A jtortion of the v. 
is within the limits of Indiana, its main street being in the 
dividing line of the two Stales. 

Harrison, p. v., and cap. Hamilton co., Tenn.: on the 
left or S. bank of Tennessee r., 117 m. E. S. E. Nashville. 
It contains a court-house, jail, etc., and about 400 inhabit- 
ants. The projected railroad from Charleston to Chattanooga 
passes through this place. 

HARRisoNiiirRGU, p. v., and cap. Catahoula par., La. : on 
the W. side of Wiuiliita r„ 97 m. N. N.W. Baton Rouge. It 
contains a court-house, jail, etc., and about 200 inhabitants. 

Hakrisonblirgu, p. v., and cap. Rockingham co., Virg.: 
110 m. N. W. Richmond. It contains a court-house, jail, 
etc., and has numerous stores, being the trading centfo 
of a large region of country. Two newspapers are published 
here, the " Rockingham Register" (dem.), and the " Har- 
risonburg Republican" (whig), both weekly issues. Pop. 
about 1,400. It is intended that the Manassas Gap K. R. 
shall be carried from its present terminus at Front Royal, 
southward through Harrisonburgh. 

Harrison Citi', p. v., Westmoreland CO., Penn. : 149 m. 
W. Harrisburg. 

Harbison's Mills, p. o., Crawford co., Mo. : on the E. 
side of Maramec r., 62 m. S. E. Jefferson City. 

Hakuison Square, p. v., Norfolk co.. Mass, : on tho hne 
of the Old Colony R. R., 4 m. from Boston. 

Harrison Valley, p. o., Potter co., Penn.: 131m. N.W. 
Harrisburg. 

Harrisonville. p. v., and cap. Monroe co., III.: on tho 
E. bank of the Mississippi r., 112 m. S. S. W. Springfield, 
It (ioutaias tho county offices and several stores. Hercula- 
neum lies on the opposite side of tho river. 

Harrisonville, p. v., Shelby county, Ky. : 27 m. W. 
Frankfort. 

Hahrwontillb, p. v., and cap. Cass co., Mo.: on a fork 
of Grand river uf the Osage, 118 miles W. Jefferson City. 
It contaius a court-house, jail, etc., and about 150 inhab- 
itants. 

Harrisonville, p. v., Baltimore co., Mil. : on tho Union- 
town Turnpike, 7 m. W. Baltimore, and 29 m. N. by W. 
Annapolis. 

Harrtsonvillk, p. v., Gloucester county, N. Je>\ : 44 m, 
S. by W. Trenton. 

Habrisonville, p. v., Meigs county, Ohio. : S2 m. S. E. 
Columbus. 

Harrisonville, p. v., Fulton co., Penn.: 63 m.W. by 8. 
Harrisburg. 

Haeristown, p. v., Washington co., Ii\d. : on the Hne 

27tf 



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of the New Albany and Salem K. K., 3u m. from the former 
place, and "tt m. S. Indianajiolis. 

Haerisville, p. 0., Marquette county, Wise. : 52 m. K". 
Madisun. 

IIarrtsvilt,k, p. v., Montgomery counly, K Cur. : S6 m. 
W. S. "\V. Kaleigb. 

Hakeisville, p, v., Cheshire cc, jV. Ramp. : 7S m. S.W. 
Concord. 

Harbistille, p.v., Harrison co., Ohio: in the S. E. comer 
of the county, 110 m. E. by N. Cohnnbus. 

Haerisville, p. v., Butler co., renn. : 179 m. \V. N. "W. 
Harrisburg. 

Haerisville, p. v., Brunswick co., Virg. : o\ nu S. by W. 
Eichmond, 

Harrodsburgh, p. v., Monroe co., Ind. : 54 m. S. S. W. 
Indianapolis. 

Harrousburgh, p. v., and cap. Mercer co., K;/. : on a 
branch of Salt r., 29 m. S. Frankfurt, It c<»nlains a court- 
house, jail, etc., several stores and mccbauic sbops, and 
1,600 inhabitants. Bacon College is located here; it was 
founded in 1S3C, and in 1S50 had 5 professors, 75 students, 
and a library of 1,200 volumes. In ibe vieiuily is a noted 
mineral spring, which is much resorted to by invalids. 

Habry Hill, p. o., Marshall co.. Miss. : 173 m. N. by E. 
Jackson. 

Harsumakstille, p. 0., Montgomery co., Ohio: 74 m. 
W. S. W. Columbus. 

Hart county. Ay. Situate "W. centrally, and contains 404 
sq. m. Intersected by Green r., and bounded N. \V, by 
Nolin cr., its branch. Surface mostly level, and soil pro- 
ductive. Tobacco is the great staple. Farms S29 ; manuf. 
12; dwell. 1,212, and pop.— wh. 7,740, fr. col. 52, si. 1.301— 
total 9,093. Capital : Mumfordsville. Public Works : 
Danville and Nashville E. E. 

Hartfield, p. v., Chautauque co., iV. K ; 2S2 m, W. by S. 
Albany. 

Hartfoed county, Conn. Situate N. centrally, and con- 
tains 727 sq. m. Intersected from N. to S. by the Connecti- 
cut, and drained by its affluents, Farmington and Mill rivers 
on the W., and on the E. Podunk, Scantic, and other small 
streams. Surface much diversified, from alluvial meadows, 
annually overflowed, to high rocky hills ; soils also various, 
but generally very fertile, and under admirable cultivation. 
In the E. are unsurpassed farms and dairies, in the middle 
the delightful and invaluable meadows of the Connecticut 
basin, and on the "W. streams, land almost as good. The 
facilities for manufactures are great, and all improved, Tho 
articles made embrace almost every thing in use; but for 
value and quality, those best known are carpets, powder, 
axes, clocks, tinware, and iron castings. For commerce 
and transportation, it has the Connecticut navigable through 
it, and railroads in every direction. It embraces one capital 
of the Stiite and the penitentiary in its limits, besides munifi- 
cent benevolent and literary establishments. In the S. W. 
is a copper mine of great extent and exceedingly rich ore. 
Iron is also found. Farms 3,S50; manuf. 734; dwell. 11,318, 
and pop.— wh. 6S,756, fr. col. 1,210— total 69,9G6. Capital : 
Hartford. Public Works: Farmington Canal (little used); 
Springfield, Hartford and New Haven E. E. ; New Haven 
and Northampton (or Canal) E. E. ; Hartford, Providence 
and Fishkill E. E. ; Collinsville Branch E. E. 

Hartfoed, p. city, and cap. Hartford co., Conn., and one 
of tho cajiitatsof the State: on the W. side of Connecticut r., 
at the head of ship navigation, 00 m. from its mouth, in lat. 
410 45' 59" N., and long. 72° 40' 45" W., 335 m. N. E. 
"Washington. The site of the city rises gradually fi-om the 
r., and on the S. and W. is considerably elevated. The 
compact part is more than a mile in length and about three- 
fourths of a mile wide ; and the streets are arranged with 
great regularity Little r., which crosses the city in its S. 
part, furnishes a valuable water-power ; bridges cross this 
and also the Connecticut r, those over the latter connecting 
it with East Hartford. The most conspicuous pubhe build- 
280 



ings are the State House, the City Hall, Trinity College, 
the American Asylum, the Eetreat for the Insane, the 
Wadsworth Atheneum, numerous elegant churches, an 
arsenal, the market-houses, etc There are 5 Congregational 
churehes, 3 Episcopalian, 2 Baptist, 3 Episcopal Methodist, 
1 Protestant Methodist, 1 Human Catholic, 2 Second Ad- 
vent, 1 Presbyterian, 1 Unitarian, 1 Universalist, and 1 
Jew's Synagogue— in all 24 churches. Trinity (formerly 
Washington) College was founded in 1S24, and in 1S50 had 
a president, 8 professors, 300 alumni, of which 130 were in 
the ministry, and 80 students, and a library of 12,000 vol- 
umes. It is under the control of iho Episcopalians. Tho 
American Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb was established 
by the late Eev. Thomas H. Gallaudct, and was the first in- 
stitution of the kind in the United States; it has extensive 
buildings in the \V. part of the city, and is the most flour- 
ishing and valuable jisylum in the Union. The Eetreat for 
the Insane is a little S. of the city, and, like the asylum, is 
a well-comiucted and successful institution. Harlibrd has 
numerous academies and schools, which reflect great credit 
on the city ; and it has a public press not surpassed for mo- 
rality and intelligence; it has 2 daily papers, of which 
weekly editions are also published, 6 weeklies, and 2 month- 
lies. The dailies are the ''H. Courant" (whig), and tho 
" H. Times" (dem.) ; the weeklies, the " H. Courier" (whig), 
the "Eepublican" (F. S,). the "New England Fountain" 
(temperance), and the " Christian Secretary" (Bapt.), the 
" Calendar" (Episc-), and the " Eeligious Herald" (Congr.), 
devoted to religious subjects. Hartford is also celebrated 
for its extensive book business. As a manufacturing city, 
Hartford stands high, and contains numerous Imnber yards, 
machine shops, fire-arm manufactories, boot and shoe 
factories, and a variety of handicrafts ; and as a place of 
commerce, it has man^ advantages, its natural market being 
the valley of the Connecticut. It is also a depOt of interior 
trade and railroad trafiic, being in the centre of the State 
and intersected by railroads from every direction. Steam- 
boats also ply regularly to New York. Pop. in ISiO, 3,955; 
in 1320,4.726; in 1S30, 7,076; in 1840,9,463; and in 1S50, 
17,966. The Indian name of the site of Hartford was 
"Suckeag." In 1633 the Dutch built a fort here, ami in 
IC^sS, the Dutch having relmquished their claims to the 
English, Hartford was permanently settled by emigrants 
from Massachusetts under charge of Eev. Mr. Hooker. It 
was incorporated as a city in 17S4, and is now governed by 
a mayor and municipal officers. 

Hartford, p. v., Forsyth co., Ga. : 103 m. N. N. W. 
MiUedgeville. 

Hartfoed, p. v., Ohioco., I/id.: on Loughery cr., S2 ra. 
9. E. Indianapolis. It contains about 50 dwellings, and 300 
inhabitants. 

Haktfoed, p. v., Knox county, lU. : 85 m. N. N. "W. 
Springfield. 

Hartford, p. v., and cap. Ohio co., Ky. : on the S. side 
of Eough cr. of Green r., 125 m. "W. S. W. Frankfort. It 
contains a court-house, jail, etc., and about 400 inhabitants. 

Haetfoed, t and p. o., Oxford counly, Me. : 31 m. W. 
Augusta, Brained by ponds and small streams emptying 
into Androscoggin r. It is a fine agricultural township, with 
a varied surface, and a soil well adapted for wheal and 
grass. The principal v. is located centrally, and there are 
also North and South villages of Iho same name. Pop. of 
1. 1,293. 

Hartford, t. and p. v., Washington co., X. Y, : 47 m. 
N. by E. Albany. Drained by brandies of Wood cr. Sur- 
face hilly ; soil sandy and elay loam. The v., situate on tho 
old N. post road, contains 200 inhabitants. Pop. of t. 2,051. 

Haktfoed, t. and p. o., Trumbull co., Ohio : 156 m. N. E. 
Columbus. Drained by aflluents of Shenango creek. Sur- 
face diversified; soil fertile and well cultivated. Building 
stone is abundant. Pop. 1,25S. 

Haetfoud, t. and p. v., Windsor co.. Verm, : 49 ra. 9. S. E. 
Montpelier. Drainetl by While and Waterquccchy rivcrij 



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and tlie CcimiectiL'Ut, into wliich they full, lit;s on Ilu- E. bor- 
der. SurPaee somewhat uneven; soils generally fertile, and 
on the rivers rioli, wnrni, and very productive. The princi- 
pal V. lies at the mouth of White r,, and there are iu the 
t. the villages of West Hartford, "Woodstock, White Iliver 
ViUagre, and Quecchy Valley, the three first of which lie on 
White r. and the Vermont Central i:. K. The t. has cun- 
Biderable manufactures. Pop. 2,159. 

Haf.tford, I. and p. v., Washin-^ton cn., Wise: 54 m. 
E. N. E. Madison. Drained by liock r.. which rises in this 
t. from a large pond. Surface elevated and level ; soil rich 
and fertile. The village is S. of the river, and is a small 
agricultural settlement. Pop. of 1. 1,00->. 

IIartiikgig, p. o., Mercer co., Peitn.: 'J<i3 m. W. N. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Hartland, p. v., McHenry co., III.: ISO m. N. N. E. 
Springfield. 

IIartland, t. and p. v., Somerset co., Me.: 43 m. N. byE. 
Augusta. Drained by Sebastictjok r., and Moose Pond lies 
on its N. border. Surface elevated and rolling ; soil adapted 
to grain and grass. There is a small v. toward llic south 
part. Pop. of I. 96tl. 

IIAKTL.VNP, 1. and p. T., Hartford co.. A>»". ; 28 m. N. W. 
Hartford. Drained by branches of Farmiriglon r., and has 
considerable water-power, f^urfacemounlainous; snilsoine- 
■what rocky, but fertile in grass. The prinripid v. is situate 
in the S. E., and there is a v. called West Ilartland. The t. 
has several mills, and carries on some mechanical business. 
Pop. S43. 

Hartlaxd, t. and p. t., Livingston co., Mich.: 43 m. 
E. by S. Lansing. Drained by the heads of Shiawassee and 
Huron rivers. Surface elevated, but not broken, and f>irm- 
ing the watershed between streams flowing N. and S. 
to the rivers named above. It is an excellent farming 
country, producing wheat, com, etc., and has fitie grazing 
tracts. Pop. of t. 996. 

Hartland, t. and p. v., Ningara co., iV; Y.: 244 m. 
W. by ^\ Allxiny. Drained by Johnson's and Eighteen Mile 
creeks, flowing into Lake Ontario. Surface level ; soil sandy 
and calcar'tous loam. The p. o. is a small agricultural vil- 
lage on the X. side of Johnson's creek. Pop. of t. 3,fi2S. 

Haeti.asd, t, an'l p. o., Huron co., Ohio: S9 ni. N. by E. 
Columbus. Drained by a branch of Vermillion r. of Lake 
Erie. Surface level ; soU sandy loam and fertile. It is a 
fine agricultural town and has 1.17G inhabitants. Pop. 1.024. 

Hartlakd, t. and p. v., Windsor co., Verm. : 51 m. S. S. E. 
Monlpelier. Drained by Waterqueeehy r. and Lull's brook, 
both aflluenls of Connecticut, which makes the E. border. 
The t. has immense water-power and numerous manufac- 
tures. Surface diversified; soil generally jiroduetive, and 
there are meadows on the Connecticut, The v. is located 
on the line of the Vermont Central II. K., 4 m. above Wind- 
sor, and 4 m. N. of it is the village of North Hartland. Pop. 
of t. 2,063. 

Hartl.\>-d, p. v., Waukesha counly, Wise : 5i m. E. 
Madison. 

Hartleton, p. v., Union co., P^mi. : 4S m, N. W. by N. 
Harrisburg. 

Hart Lot, p. o., Onontlaga co., X. Y. .- 122 m. W. by N. 
Albany. 

Hart's Grovr, t. and p. o,, Aslitabula co., Ofiio: i5i; m. 
N.E.Columbus. Drained by aftluents of Grand river. Sur- 
iiia' level ; soil productive. Pop. S22. 

Hartsuoen, p. v., Orange co., A'. Cor. : 47 m. N. W. 
Ealeigh. 

Hart's Location, p. o., Coos co., A^. Ilarnp. : 92 ni. N. 
Concord. 

Hart's Mills, p. o., Kipley co., Ind.: on Laughery cr., 74 
m. S. E. Indianapolis. 

Hartstown, p. v., Crawford co., Penn. : 212 m. W. N. W. 
Harrisliurg. 

Haet's Village, p. v., Dutchess co., A: T. : 56 m. S. 
Albany. 

M3 



Hartsville, p. v., Bartholomew co., J/ui. : on CUfty cr., 
42 m. S. S. £. Indianapolis. 

Hartsville, p. v., Berkshire Co., Mam. : lOD m.W, by S. 
Boston. The Shakers have a settlement in tliis neighbor- 
hood. 

HART9\^LLE, p. V., and cap. Wright co., 3fo. : on Wood's 
Fork of Gasconade r., 94 m. S. by W. Jetferson City. 

Haktsvillk, p. v., Onondaga co., A' Y. : 121 m.W. by N. 
Albany. It contains several factories, etc., and 2U0 inhab- 
itants. 

HARTS^^LLE, p. v., Bucks county, Penn. : 94 m. E. 
Ilarrit-burg. 

Hartsville, p.v.,DarUn;iton di3t.,iS'. Car: 73 m. E. byN. 
Cohunbia. 

Hartsville. p. o., Sumner co., Tenu. : on the N. side of 
CumberhUKl r., 37 m. E. N. E. Nashville. Pop. about 4U0. 

Hautville, p. v., Stark county, Ohio: 106 m. N. E. 
Ci'!uml)us. 

IlAKT\s'ELLViLLE, p. V., Sliiawassec CO., Mich. : 23m.N. E. 
Lansing. 

llARTWtcK, t. and p. v., Otsego county. A'. }'. ; 66 in. W. 
Albany. Drained by Otsego cr. and Susquehanna r. Sur- 
face iiiUy ; soil, fertile sandy loam. The v. in the valley of 
i.)tsego er. contains several factories and stores, and about 
•400 inliabitanfs. The I. has also considerable manufac- 
tures, and 2,352 inhabitants. 

IIautwick Seminakv, p. c, Otsego co., K. Y. : on Susque- 
hanna r., 62 ra.W. AUiany. Here is also a v. of some 20 or 
25 dwellings. Ilartwick Seminary is a literary and theo- 
higieal institution, under care of the Lutherans; it was 
founded in 1S16, and endowed with a fund amounting to 
^Si>.000, by John Christopher Hartwick. In \>tA\ it bad 2 
professors, 5 students, and 52 persons had been educated at 
Ihe institution since its foundation. Its library contains 
1,250 volumes. 

Hartwooo, p. v., Stafford CO., Yiry. : 67 m. N. by W. 
Kiclnn<.ind. 

IlAr.TwnoD, p. v., Autauga co., Ala.: 42 m. W. N. W. 
Montgomery. 

llARVAKn, t and p. v., Worcester county, Ma.^s. : 32 m, 
W. N. W. Boston. Drained by Stony river, which has its 
source in a pond in this t., and which falls into Nashua r., 
which makes its W'. border. Thev. is situate centnilly, and 
contains two churches, etc. In tlie N. E. part of the t. there 
is a Shaker's village ; a good variety of monumental slato 
is found here. Pop. oft. 1.632. The Worcester and Nashua 
K. B. intersects Harvard, 25 in. from Worcester. 

Harvarp, p. v., Delaware co., A'. Y. 

Harvey's, p. c, Greene co., /*e7i7t. .- £1S9 m. W. S. W. 
Harrisburg. 

HARTEYSBtTEGH, p. V., WarTcn CO., Ohio: 11 m. S. W. 
Columbus. 

Harvey's Five Points, p. o., Westmoreland eo.. Peim. 

Harvev'8 Point, p. o., Polk co., la. : on a creek of Des 
Moines r., 102 m. W. Iowa City. 

Harvey's Stoke, p. o., Charlotte co., Vir{/. : 81 m. S. W. 
Iliehmond. 

llAcvEYsyrLLE, p. v., Luzerne co., Penn.: S6 m. N. E. 
by N. Harrisburg. 

HARwirii, t. and p. v., Barnstable co., Jfo-'it. : 72 m. S. E. 
Boston. Drained by Herring r., tlic outlet of Long Pond, 
and atTording great water-power. Its S. shore is washed 
by the Atlantic. Surface and soil low and sandy, as iu 
other parts of the peninsula. The v. is located centrally, 
an<l there are also S. and W. villages. The inhabitaiiLs are 
engaged in the salt manufactures, and also in navigation 
and the fisheries. Pop. of t. 3.25S. 

Habwicu Port, p. v., Barnstable co., Jfo-of. : 55 m. S. E. 
Boston. It has a good harbor for coasters and fishing 
smacks. 

Harwinton. t and p. v.. Litchfield co., Conu. : 23 m.W. 
Hartford. Drained by Lead r. .and other trihutaries of 
Naugatuck r., which last bounds it on tlie W. and furnishes 

2Sl 



HAS 



HAW 



mill-sites. Surface elevated and rough, and the soil well 
adapted to grasa. The v. contains 2 churches and about 
85 habitations. The t. has numerous grist and saw mills 
and 147t> inhabitants. 

IIasbrolck, p. o., Sullivan county, IT, Y.: 84 m, S.W. 
Albany. 

IIaskellville, p. v., Lawrence co., Ohio : 73 m. 8. 8. E. 
Columbus. 

lUsKENViLLE, p. V., Stcubcn CO., JV. y. : 203 m. "W. by B. 
Albany. 

ILvsKiNSTiLLE, p. V., Grccne co., Ky.: 73 m. 8. S. "W. 
Prankfort. 

IX.vsTiNGS, t., p. v., and cap. Barry co., Mlcli. : 38 m. "W. 
Lansing. Drained by Thorn-apple r. and its affluents, 
which afford extensive water-power. Surface varied ; soil 
rich and productive. The v. lies on the S. or left bank of 
the Thorn-apple, and contains a court-house, jail, etc., and 
has several industrial establishments. The t. has numerous 
mills, stores, etc Top. 554. 

Hastings, t. and p. c, Oswego co., K Y.: 128 m. 
"W. N. W. Albany. Drained by Salmon cr. on the N., and 
on the S. by creeks flowing into Oneida Lake and its out- 
lets. Surface level; soil mostly a sandy loam. It has nu- 
merous mills, etc., and a pop. of 2,927 souls. 

Hastings, p. v., EockJand co., Ohio : 62 m. N. by E. 
Columbus, 

Hastings Centre, p. v., Oswego co., 2^. Y.: 123 m. 
W. N. W. Albany. 

HASTiNGs-irpoN-ntiDsoN, p. V., Westchester co., y. Y.: 
on the E. side of Hudson r., 113 m. S. Albany. It lies on 
tlie Hudson Eiver R. R., 21 m. by route from New York 
City Hall. The landing on the river is good, and the v. 
contains several factories, stores, etc. Pop. about 400. 

Hastingsville, p. v., Columbiana co., Ohio: 127 m. 
E. N. E. Columbus. 
Hjlt, p. o., Lancaster co., Penn. : 39 m. S. E. Harrisburg. 
HATBORouGir, p. v., Montgomery co., Peyin. : near Peu- 
nypaek cr., 97 m. E. Harrisburg. Pop. about 200. 

Hatcher's, p. o., Talladega county, Ala.: 62 m. N. 
Montgomery. 

Hatcuy TuknpikE) p. 0., Tippah co., Miss.: 192 m. 
N. N. E. Jackson. 

Hat Creek, p. o., Campbell co., Virg. : 92 m. "W. by S. 
Richmond. 

Hatfield, t. and p. v., Hampshire co., Mass. : 76 m. E. 
Boston. Drained by Mill r., whieli falls into the Connecti- 
cut on the W. border, and over which is a bridge to Had- 
ley. Surface diversified, with extensive meadows on the 
river; soil everywhere fertile. Zinc blende is extensively 
deposited, and there are other minerals. The v. lies on the 
"W. side of the Connecticut, and the Connecticut River E. R. 
has a station a little back, which is fast rising into a place 
of consideration. Pop. of t. 1.041. 

Hat Geove, p. o., Warren county, HI. : 83 m. N. W. 
Bpringffeld. 

Hatteras cape, K. Car. : a low, sandy, and dangerous 
cape on the S. W. end of an island composed of sand and 
roeke which incloses Pamlico Sound, lat 35° 15' N., and 
long. 75° 30' W. It is the mariner's dread, and has been 
the scene of numerous shipwrecks. 

Hausertown, p. v., Owen county, Jnd.: 47 m. S. TT. 
Indianapolis, 

Havanna, p. T., Greene county, Ala. : 91 m. N, W. 
Montgomery. 

Havanna, p. t., Mason co., HI. : on the E. side of Pli- 
nois r., 42 m. N. W. Springfield. Spoon r. enters the Illi- 
nois immediately opposite. The village has a convenient 
landing, and is situate on a sandy ridge 50 feet above the 
highest floods. It is the chief shipping place for the county. 
Havanna, p. v., Chemung co., K. Y. : on a creek of 
Beneca Lake, about 3 m. from its inlet and 154 m. "W. by S. 
Alb-iny, The Chemung Canal, and also the Canandaigua' 
and Elmira R. R. pass through the village. It has about 
282 



Sou inhabitants, and contains several flourishing manufac- 
turing establishments and yards for boat building, and two 
newspapers are published here, the " H. Journal" (whig), 
and the " H. Republican" (indep.), both weekly issues. 

Havensville, p. v., Bradford county, Penn, : 107 m. N. 
Harrisburg. 

Haverfoed, t. and p. c, Delaware co., Pewti. : 86 m. E. 
Harrisburg. Drained by Darby and Cobb's creeks— the 
former its W. boundary. Surface hilly ; soil sandy loam, 
fertile, and well cultivated. It has several considerable 
cotton and woolen factories, mills, etc. Pop. 1,317. 

HAVEEmLL, t. and p. v., Essex co., Mass. : 29 m. N". by W. 
Boston. Situate between Merriraac r. and the N. line of 
the State, and at the head of navigation. It is connected 
with Bradford by several bridges from SOO to 1,000 feet long. 
The V. contains several large manufactories, mechanic 
shops, etc., and vessels of 100 tons come up to it; and it 
has two weekly newspapers, the "Essex Gazette" (whig), 
and the "Essex Banner'' (dem.) There are also several 
other villages, with manufactures, etc. This t. is one of the 
first manufacturing places of the State, and is distinguished 
alike for the variety and quantity of its productions. The 
Boston and Maine E. E. passes through it. Pop. 5,877. 

HAVEBniLL. t., p. v., and cap. Grafton co., N. llamp. : 
67 m. N. K. E. Concord. Drained by Hazen and Oliverian 
brooks, flowing into the Connecticut, which makes its W. 
boundary. Surface, except on the meadows, elevated ; soil 
excellent for general farming. Granite suitable for mill- 
stones, and beds of iron ore are found in this town. The v. 
called Haverhill Comer, is situate in the S. W. angle, and 
is built around an oblong square. It contains a court- 
house, jail, etc., and about 80 dwellings ; and has a news- 
paper, the " Democratic Republican," issued weekly. Nortli 
Haverhill, in the N. W., is another village: it is built on a 
street a mile long, straight, and very level. The Boston, 
Concord, and Montreal R. R. passes through the town. 
Pop. 2,405. 

Havekhill Centre, p. a, Grafton co., ^ JTamp. : 69 m. 
N. N. E. Concord. 

Haverstkaw, t. and p. v., Rockland co., J^. Y. : 92 m. 3. 
Albany. Drained by several small creeks flowing into Hod- 
son r., which bounds it on the E., and on which are several 
convenient landings, also Stony Point, an important mili- 
tary post in the Revolutionary War. Surface hilly and 
mountainous, being covered by the Dunderberg — the val- 
leys are fertile, consisting of clay-loam soil. The v. on the 
AV. side of the Hudson h-os several large brick-fields, ship- 
building yards, and about 600 inhabitants, and carries on a 
considerable river trade, chiefly with New York City. The 
river opposite the t. of Haverstraw is wide and expands 
into a fine bay, which, under the name of Haverstraw Bay, 
extends from Teller's Point to Yerplank's Point, a distance 
of 6 m., and is from 2 to 3 m. wide. The t. has consider- 
able manufactures, as iron, paper, etc., and numerous mills. 
Pop. 5,SSS. 

Havieand Hollow, p. o., Putnam co., A^ Y. : 73 m. 
S. by E. Albany. 

Havilandsville, p. v., Harrison co., Xy. : 3S ra. N. E. 
Frankfort. 

Havre de Grace, p. v. and port, Harford co., Md.: on 
the W. side of Susquehanna r., at its confluence in Chesa- 
peake Bay, 63 m. N. N. E. Annapolis. The Baltimore and 
Philadelphia R. R. passes through it, and here is the ter- 
minus of the Tidewater Canal. The v. itself is small but 
well built, and contains several warehouses, stores, etc. It 
is principally noted as a commercial and trading port; it 
has also some manufactures, and in the fishing season has 
many engaged in that litie of business. The " Harford 
Madisonian" is published weekly. Pop. 1.3'>6. In 1S14 
Havre was sacked and burned by the British under Admiral 
Cock bum. 

Hawesville, p. T., and cap. Hancock co., Ky. : on the 
S. side of Ohio r, at the mouth of Lead cr., 107 m. W, 



HAW 



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Frankfort. It contaios a court-house, jail, etc., 13 stores, 
8e\enil mechanic shops, aud about CUU inhabitatils. It de- 
rives consideration from its extensive mines, which supply 
steJimboats navigating tlie river with oxcellenl coal. 

Hawfields, {). 0., Orange co., 3'. Car. : 37 m. N. W. 
Raleigli. 

IIawkkhtille, p. 0., FrankJin co., Temi.: Si m, S. K. 
Nashville. 

Hawk Eye, p. v., Des MoiiK-s co., /a. : 55 m. S. by E. 
Iowa City. 

Hawkins county. Temi. Situate N. E., and contains 712 
Bq. m. Drained by Clincli r., which bounds it N. W., llol- 
Blun r.. which passes through it from N. E. to S. ^y., and tlieir 
brandies, all aflluents of the Tennessee. Surface broken, 
aud soil mostly fertile. It li:is good water-power, which is 
used. Corn end wheat are the staples, and many swine and 
beeves are fatted. Farms 735 ; manuf. 1*1 ; dwell. 2,019, and 
pop.— wh. 11,673, fr. col. 107, si. 1,61)0— total 13,370. Cup- 
ital : liogersville. Public Worl:s : East Teuuesse and 
Virginia K. K. 

Hawkins Landing, p. o., Ashley co.,^ri'. ; 127 m. S.S. E. 
Little IJock. 

Hawklnstille, v., Tuolumne co., Ctilt/. : on the N. side 
of Tuolumne r., 112 m. S. E. Vallejo. 

UAWKiNsviLLE.p. V., aud Cap. PuLiski co., Ga. .•ontheW. 
bank of Ocmulgee r., 5S m. S. by AY. Milledgovillo. It con- 
tains a court-house, jail, etc., and has about 400 inhabitants. 
A considerable amount of produce is shipped from this point. 

Hawkinsvilld, p. v., Sussex co., Virg. : 44 m. S. by E. 
Eichmon<i. 

Hawk Point, p. o., Lincoln county, Mo.: on a cr. of 
Au Cuivre r., 62 m. E. N. E. Jefferson City. 

H AWLEY, t. ami p. v., Franklin co., Mass. : 96 m.W. by N. 
Boston. Drained by branches of Deerfield r., which afforti 
water-power. Surface elevated and rough ; soil of average 
fertility, and well suited for grass. Iron ore abounds— also 
building stone, etc. The v. is located centrally. Popula- 
tion of t. SSI. 

H.VWLET. p. o.. Wayne co., Pcnn. : 57 m. S.W. Harrisburg. 

Hawley's Store, p. o., Sampson county. A''. Ctii: : 57 m. 
8. S. E. Raleigh. 

Hawleyton, p. v., Broome co., I^. Y. : 112 m. "W. S. W. 
Albany. 

Hawletville, p. r., Fairfield co.. Conn.: on a cr. of 
Hoiisatonic r., and on the line of the Housatonic li. Ii.,43m. 
S. W. Hartford, and by railroad 23 ra. from Bridgeport. 

Haw Patcu, p. o.. La Grange co., Iiid. : 123 m. N. by E. 
Indianapolis. 

Haw river, N. Car.: one of the constituents of Cape Fear 
river. It rises in liockingham and Guilford counties, aud 
in Chatham co. unites with Deep r., which, together, under 
the name of Gape Fear r.. empty into the Atlantic Ocean. 

Hawsburgit, p. v., Rappahannock county, Vi/y, : 94 m. 
N. W. by N. Richmond. 

Hawthorn, p. v.. Montgomery co., Ahi. 

Haydenville, p. r., Hampshire co., Jfa.^s. : on Mill r. of 
the Connecticut. 87 m. W. Boston. It is a manufacturing v. 
of about 500 inhabitants, and is much celebrated for its gold 
pens, which arc sold throughout the Union. 

Haydenstille, p. o., CO., Calif. 

Hayuon's, p. 0., Owen co., A'y. ; 31 m. N. Frankfort, 

HAYFiS' Stork, p. o., Gloucester county, Virg. : 4S m. E. 
Richmond. 

Hayksville, p. v., Ashland co., Ohio: 66 m. N. N. E. 
Columbus. 

Hayhsville, p. v., Chester county, Fenn. : 64 m. E. by S. 
Harrisburg. 

Haypield, t. and p. o., Crawford count}-, Penn.: 207 m. 
"W. N. W. Harrisburg. Drained by tributaries of French 
creek, which makes its E. boundary. Surface rough ; soil 
average. Pop. 1,5S1. 

Hay Market, p. v.. Prince William co., Virrj. ; 92 m. 
N, by W. Richmond. 



Hay Meadow, p. o-jWilkes co., A' Car. : 144 m, W. by N. 
Raleigh. 

H ayne's, p. 0., Grainger co., Tenn. : ISS m. E. Nashville. 

Haynestille, p. o., Aroostook co., Me. : on the E. side 
of Mattawamkeag r., a branch of Penobscot r., 130 m. N. E. 
Augusta. 

Haynksville, p. v., York district, *S'. Car. : 71 m. N. 
Cohimbia. 

Haynksville, p. v., and cap. Lowndes co., Ala.: on 
Big s«wamp cr. of Alabama r., 22 m. S. W. Montgomery. 
It contains a court-house, etc., and about 400 inhabitants. 

Havnesville, p. v., Houston county, Ga. : 57 ra.S.S.W. 
Mille.igeviUe. 

Hays county, Tcj". Situate centrally, and contains 9G4 
sq. m. Drained in tho N. aud E. by Pedernales r. aud 
other affluents of Colorado r., and in the S. by Blanco r. of 
San Marco r., a branch of the Guadalupe. Surface elevateil, 
with bold eminences and deep ravines in the S. ; in the N. 
less broken, with flue alluvial bottoms. Soil on the Peder- 
nales, equal to any in the Slate ; the rest is thinner, but gives 
good crops of corn and cotton. Native indigo grows in 
abundance, and sugar-cane is cultivated. Limestone is 
everywhere ; beds of marl are frciiuent, and iron ore 
abouuils. Timber forests skirt every stream, aud water- 
power is always near. Farms 22 ; manuf. 3 ; dwell. 41, and 
l)op.— wh. 259, fr. col. 0, si. 123— total 3S7. Capital : San 
Marco. 

Hay's Creek, p. o., Carroll co., Jliss.: ou a cr. of Big 
Black r. so called, SI m. N. N. E. Jackson. 

Hay's Speing, p. c, Jefferson county, AT//. .• 47 m. W. 
Frankfort. 

Hay Stack, p. o., Surrey co., A^ Car. : 123 m. W. N. W. 
Raleigh. 

Haybville, p. v., Dubois co., Ind. : on the S. side of the 
E. Ibrk of White r., 95 m. S. S. W. Imiiauapolis. Pop. 200. 

Haysville, v. and sla., Alleghany co., /Vnn. ; on the line 
of the Ohio aud Pennsylvania R. R., 10 m. N.W. Pittsburg. 

Haysville, p. v., Marion county, Ay. ; 42 m. S. by W. 
Frankfort. 

Hayter's Gap, p. o., Washington co., Virg. : 253 m. 
W. S. W. liichmoud. 

Haywood county, N. Car. Situate S. W., and contains 
956 sq. m. Drained by Big Pigeon r., a branch of Noli- 
chueky r., and head of tho Tennessee. Surface very high 
and broken in parts, affording excellent mill-streams. Soil 
productive, with fine pasturage and good timber. Many 
cattle .ire raised. Farms 653 ; marmf. ; dwell. 1,110, and 
pop.— wh. 5,931, fr. col. 15, si. 41S, Indians 710 — total 7,o74. 
Capital : WaynesviUe. 

Haywood county, Tenn. Situate W., and contiins 506 
sq. m. Drained S. by Big Hatchie river, N. by S. fork of 
Forked Deer r., both affluents of the Mississippi. Surface 
level, or gently undulating; soil very fertile; cotton is tho 
staple ; tobacco and coru come next, and much pork is 
fatted. Farms 967; manuf. 13; dwell. 1,4M, aud pop. — 
wh. S,713. fr. col. 48, si. S,493— total 17,209. Capital: 
BrownesvUle. 

Haywood, p. v., Chatham CO., JV. Car. : at Uie conllu- 
enee of Haw and Deep rivers of Cape Fear r., 27 m. W. S. W. 
Raleigh. 

IIazabd Forge, p. o.. Hardy co., Vlrg.: 154 m. N. W. 
Richmond. 

Hazabdtille. p. v., Hartford county, Conn. : 16 m. N. 
Hartford. It contains 5S houses, 2 stores, 2 churches, a 
school-house, and Lyceum ; .and in the immediate vicinity 
are the extensive mills of tho Hazard Powder Company. 

Hazel Bottou, p. o., Barry county, Mo. : 157 m. S. W. 
Jefferson City. 

Hazel Flat, p. o., Shelby county, Tenn. : 176ra.W. S.W. 
Nashville. 

Hazel Green, t. and p. o., Grant co., Wise. : 66 m. S.^\', 
Madison. Drained by Siusluewa and other affluents of tlie 
Mississippi river Surface rugged ; soil not the most fertile. 

2S3 



HAZ 



HEL 



Lead ore is found in nbundnnce. The v. is situnte on the 
Galen:i nnii rintlfville Turnpike. Top. oft. 654. 

IIazki, GtiKKN', p. o., Madison co., Ala. : 1T7 m. N. by "W. 
Monlj^onifry. 

]1a'/,si. Gkeks, p. o., Morgan co., A'y* ■" ^^ ni. E. by S. 
Frankfort. 

Uazki.Gkove, p. o., Saline oounly, Jfo..- GS m. W.N.W. 
Jeffen-on Cily. 

IIazelto.n, p. t., Luzerne county, Penn.: 79 m. N. E. 
Hiirrislturg. It is a noted mining villaiie, and is connected 
witli the Lehigli navigation by a railroati. licaver Meadow 
is a few miles S. of Hazelton. 

Hazklwood, p. o., Ballard co., Ki/. : 242 m. W. 8. W. 
Prank fnrt. 

IIazlewood, p. v., Chester district, S. Car.: 46 ra. N. 
Cohinibia. 

Hazlkwood, p. o., Wright co., Mo.: 104 m. S. by W. 
Jetferson City. 

llEADLr.Y's Mills, p. o., Fountain county, Ind.: 67 in. 
W. N. "VV. Indianapolis, 

Head of Baruks, p. o., Claiborne county, Tenn. : 173 m. 
E. by N. Nashville. 

Head of CuNcn, p. c, Tazewell county, Virg. : 223 m. 
W. by S. Ilichmond. 

Head of Paint, p. c, Morgan co., JO/. : at tlie head of 
Paint cr. of Big Sandy r., 109 in. E. by S. Franklbrt. 

IIrad of Sassafras, p. v., Kent eo.. M<L: ;it the head 
of the river so called, IS m. from its confluence with Chesa- 
peake Bay. and 55 ra. N. E. Annapolis. 

Head Quautehs, p. o., Nicholas eo., A> ; 55 m. E. N. E. 
Frankfort. 

Healing Springs, p. o., Davidson co., ^V. Car. : 92 m.W. 
Fuileigh. 

Heard county, Oa. Situate W. centrally, and contains 
267 sq. m. Drained by C'liattahoocliee river, which passes 
through its E. half. Surface mostly even, with good mill- 
sites ; soils very productive : cotton is the staple proiluclion. 
Farms 512; manuf. 5; dwell. 724, and pop.— wh. 4,520, fr. 
col. 3, si. 2,4'!0~lulul G/J2o. Capital : Franklin. 

Hbarnviile, p. v., Tutnam co., Oa.: 27 in. N. by TT. 
Milled geville. 

Heart Prairie, p. o.,Walworth co., Wise. : 46 m. E. S. E. 
Madison. 

Heartwf-lltille, p. v., Bennington co., Vertn. : OS m. 
S. by W. Montpelier. 

IIeatu, L and p. v., Franklin county, ^fa■.^s. : 9S m. 
W. N. W. Boston. Drained by branches of Deerfield r., one 
of which affords water-power. Surface mountainous; soil 
adapted to grazing. There is a central village. Population 
803. 

Heath's Creek, p. o., Pettis co., 3fo.: on a creek of 
Riviere a la Mine so called, GO m. W. N. W. Jefferson City. 

Heathsville, p. v., Halifax co., X. Car.: 73 m. K. E. 
Ealeigh. 

Hkathsville, p. v., and cap. Norlhvimberland co., Virff. : 
near the head of Coan r.. 63 ni. E. N. E. Pachniond. It 
contains a court-house, jail. etc.. aiwl has several industrial 
establishments, and about S60 inhabitants. 

Hebbardsville, p. v., Henderson co., Kt/. : 137 m. 
"W. by S. Frankfort. 

Hebcardsville, p. v., Athens co., Ohio: 63 in. S. S. E. 
Columbus. 

Hebron, t. and p. v., Tolland co., Owm. .- 19 m. S. E. 
Hartford. Drained by Hop r. a branch of "W'illimanlic r., 
■which r)rms its N. bonier, and in the S. the outlet of North 
Pond affords water-power. Surface hilly and uneven; soil 
generally of an average fertility, and good grazing land. 
The V. has 2 handsome churches, and al)oul 40 neat dwell- 
ings; and besides the principal v. tliere are several 'others. 
The t. has consi<lerabU* manufaelures (iron, cotton, paper, 
leather, etc."), and 1,345 inhabitants. 

Hf-brok, p. v., Washington county, Ga. : 1(J m. S. E. 
Milledgeville. i 

264 



Hebron, p. v., Porter co., Ind. : 119 m. N. N. W. 
Indianapolis. 

Hhhiiox, p. v., McIIcnry co., Ill: 194 m. N. N. E. 
Springfield. 

Heiikon, t. and p. o., Oxford co., Jf^.;37 m. W. S. W. 
Augusta. Drained by a bran -h of Androscoggin r. Surface 
diversified ; soil generally fertile. The v. is located about 2 
m. W. of Buckfield Branch II. K., which passes through the 
east itart of the town. Pop. of t. S39. 

IlEtiRON, t. and p. o., Grafton county. A'! Ilamp. : 88 m. 
N. N. \V. Concord. Drained by creeks emptying into 
Newfoundland Lake, which occupies a third of the area of 
Uie town. Surface diversified ; soil generally fertile. The 
V. is located on a stream near the head and west of the lake. 
Pop. of t. 565. 

Hebron, t. and p. v., Washington co., JV: Y.: 44 m. 
N. N. E. Albany. Drained by Black cr. Surface hilly and 
diversified ; soil sandy loam and fertile. The v. is a small 
settlement N. of Black r., and contains about 70 inhabitants. 
In the L there are some small manufactures. Pop. 2.5i8. 

Hebron, t. and p. o., Potter co., J'enn.: 127 in. N. W. 
Ilarrisburg. Draine*! by the liead branches of Alk'ghany r. 
Surface somewhat broken ; soil generally productive — on the 
whole a good farming section. 

Hebron, p. v., Licking co., Ohio: on the Ohio Canal, 27 
m. E. Columbus. 

Hkbrox, p. v., Tyler county, Virff.: 239 m. W. N. W. 
Richmond. 

Hecktown, p. v., Northampton co., Penjt. : 95 m. E. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Hecla, p. o., Carroll county, Tenn.: 97 ni. W. by 8. 
Nashville, 

Hecla Works, p. v., Oneida eo., K Y. : 94 m. W. N. W. 
Albany. 

IlECTORjt. and p. v., Tompkins CO., iV; F! ;153m. W. byS. 
Albany. Drained by streams flowing in opposite directions 
into Cayuga and Seneca lakes, the latter of which forms its 
W. border. Surface elevated and undulating; soil fertile, and 
adapted to grass. Hector is a small agrieuUural village, and 
there are several others, as Mecklenburg, N. Hector, Logan, 
Reynolds, Burdett, etc., in the town. Pop. of t. 6,(i5G. 

Hector, t. and p. o.. Potter co., Penn. : 113 m. N. N. W« 
Harrisburg. 
Hector, p. v.. Jay co., Ind. : 73 m. E. N. E. Indianapolis. 
IIedgersvtlle, p. v., Berkeley co., Vii'g. : 137 m. N. by W. 
Richmond. 

HEiDLERSsntGn, p. v., Adams co., Penn. : 24 m. S. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Helderbero mountains, JV. Y. : the N. portion of the 
Kaatsberg mountains, extending through Albany and Scho- 
harie counties. They are 400 or 500 feet high, precipitous, 
and consisting of limestone based on graywacke. Caverns 
and fossil remains occur in the calcareous formations. 

Helena, p. v., and cap. Pliilips co.. Ark. : on the W. side 
of the Mississippi, 97 m.E. Little Kock. It contains a court- 
house, jail, etc., a TJ. S. land office, numerous stores, and has 
throe newspapers, the "Southern Sldeld" (whig), and the 
" True Issue" (State-rights^, published weekly, an«l the 
"Bulletin," a monthly issue. It has a large Irarle with the 
back country and the settlements on St. Frances r., from 
which it receives considerable cotton for shipment. There 
is a very fine range of hills immediately back of the village, 
the only ones seen along the river for some distance; and 
on this account the country is not so liable to be flo()dcd. 
Helena is thought to be well located for a terminus of a rail- 
road to the Pacific, and as such was highly recommended 
to the New Orleans Convention of 1^52. Pop. about 600. 
Helena, p. o., Peoria co., III. : 76 m. N. Springfield. 
Helena, p. v.. Mason co., Kr/. : 78 m. N. E. Friinkforf. 
Helena, p. v., St. Lawrence co., A'. Y. : on St. Regis r., 
15S ni. N. N. W. Albany. It has several mills, and about 
200 inhabitants. 
Helena, v. and sta., Newberry dist., S. Car. : on the line 



HEL 



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of Iho GR't-nville and Columbia K. K., 4S ni. W. N. W. ' 
Columbia, The Laurcus li. K. here divergea from Ihe main 
track to Laurens C. II. 

lIiiLENA, p. o., Iowa CO., Wise: on the S. side of Wis- 
consin r. M3 ui. W. Madison. The Mihvaukie and Missis- 
eijijti 11. i:. will pass lhr(»ugh this village. 

IIelknville, p. v., Jefferson eo., Wise: 4-3 m. K. by S. 
Madison. 

Hellam, t. and p. o., York on., Pfnn. : 21 m. S. E. llar- 
risbur-j^. Drained by Codnrus and (Jrist creeks of Susque- 
hanna r., which forms its E. boundary. A bridf^c crosses 
llie riTcr al Wrighlsville ."j.tiyO feel long. Pop. l,G-22. 

Hell G.vtk, or Helle Gatt, 2i. Y. : a passage between the 
East r. and Long Island Sound, tbrnied by the approxi- 
mation of Great Barn and Long Island, 7 m, N. E. New 
York City. /Telle (rati means Kii.'^t date, and has no refer- 
ence to the locality usually meant by its synonym. The 
rocks and eddies Ihut formerly rendered its passage danger- 
ous to navigation have been removed, and the largest ships 
can now go through without fear of injur}'. 

IIellen, p. v., Elk CO., i'fnn. : 142 m. N. W. JIarrisl>nrg. 

IIellectowx, p. T., Norlhampton county, /Vh?(. ; 94 m, 
E. N. E. Ilarrisburg. 

Helton, p. v., Ashe county, N. Car. : 173 m. ^X. by N. 
Eak'igh. 

Heltonvillf:, p. v., Lawrence co., Ind.: on Leather- 
wood cr.. bj m. S. Indianapolis. 

Hemlu, p. o., Whitesidcs countv, P.L : 142 m. N. by AV. 
BpringfieM. 

Hemlock Lake. p. c, Livingston co., J\\ Y. : on the W. 
side of the lake so called, 192 in- W. Albany. Hemlock 
Lake is fi m. long and 1 m. wide., and discharges its waters 
into the outlet of Honeoye Lake. 

Hemmingfokd, v., Clinton co., X. Y. : on the line of the 
riatlsburg and Montreal II. K., 2G m. N. Platlsbnrg. 

Hbmpfield, p. v., Lancaster county. Pain.: yy ra. S. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Hempiull'9 Store, p. o., Mecklenburgh co., K. Car. : 124 
m. W. S. W. Raleigh. 

Hempstead county, Arl^. Situate S. W., and contains 
1,304 sq. m. Drained by Saline iJayou, and other .iffluenis 
of lifd r., its S. W. boundary, and by afflueiUs of Little 
Missouri r., its N. E. boundary, and a branch of Wachita r. 
Surface level or slightly rolling, and well wooded ; soils of 
moderate fertility, producing the grains and some cotton. 
Farms 550; mauuf. S; dwell. S5i>, and pop.— wli. 5,1S0, fr. 
col. 32, si. 2,460— total 7,672. Capital: AVashingtou. 

Hempstead, t. and i>. v.. Queens co., X. Y.: 12S m. S. 
Albany. Surface level; soil sand and sandy loam, requir- 
ing good cultivation. Hempstead Plains arc a tract of some 
15,000 acres, lying in a state of nature and common to the 
town. The village ia situate on the S. margin of these 
plains, and contains 1,600 inhabitants. It has numerous 
stores, mechanic shops, etc., and a newspaper, the '* H. En- 
quirer,"' is published weekly. Several islands belong to 
this t., and Kockaway Beach on the Atlantic, a place of 
resort for fashion in the summer season. Much garden 
produce is brought from this t. to New York. Pop. S,SU. 
A branch of the Long Island 11. 11., 3 m. long, extends to 
Hempstead village. 

Hempstead Brancu, p. v., Queens co., A'". Y. : at the di- 
Tergencc of Hempstead Branch li. U. from the Long Island 
E. K., 20 m. from Brooklyn. 

Hf.nhy. p. 0., Montgomery co., 0/tio: GO m. AY. by S. 
Columbus. 

Henderson county, UK Situate W. toward the N., and 
contains 3S9 sq. m. Drained by Henderson's r. and Elisnn's 
and Honey creeks, affluents of the Mississippi, its W. bmmd- 
ary. Surface generally level; sriil productive, a part well 
timbered and part prairie. Earms4i0; manuf. 27; dwidl, 
S20, and pop.— wh. 4,010, fr. col. 2— total 4,G12. Orpifal: 
Oquawka. Public Worl:^ : Ofpiawka and Peoria K. It. 
Henderson county, A'l/. Situate N. "W., and contains 



502 Bq. m. Drained by .iffluents of Green r., its S. E. 
boundary, and smaller allluenta of the Ohio, its N. bound- 
ary. Surface various, with good mill streams: soil fertile. 
Tobacco is tlie staple. "Wheat and corn yield largi'ly, and 
pork is an export. Farms 1,(137; manuf. 44; dwell. 1,337, 
and pop,— wh. 7,054, fr. col. 120, si. 4,397— total 12,171. 
Capital: Henderson. Public H'tf/A**.' Nashville and Hen- 
derson 11. K. 

Hendekbon county, X. Car. Situate "W"., and contains 
422 sq. m. Drained by numerous heads of French Broad 
r., a branch of Nolicluick)' r., a head of the Tennessee. 
Surface broken and niuunlainous, having on the K. and S. 
r.iuges of high hills sejiurating the Atlantic streams from 
the affluents of the Oliio; soil fertile and finely adapted to 
grazing. Farms 413; manuf. 1 ; dwell. Dil, and pop. — wh. 
5,S92, fr. col. 37, si. 924— total 6,S53. Caj/ital: llendersoo- 
ville, 

Hesdersos county, Teiin. Situate W., and contains 914 
sq. ni. Drained E. by Beech r., and other affluents of Ten- ■ 
nessee r., and W. by heads of Big UabUiee and Forked 
Deer rivers, altluenis of the Mississippi. Surface level, and 
soil fertile. The grains flourish, cotltju is grown largely, and 
much pork fattened. Farms 973; nianut; 25; dwell. 1,70:3, 
and pop.— wh. 10,571, fr. col. 1, si. 2,592— total 13,U"4. 
Capital: Lexington. 

Henderson county, 7t,r. Situate N. E. centrally, and 
contains 1,1S9 sq. m. Drained by Cedar, Walnut, and 
Otter creeks, affluents of Trinity r., its W. boundary, and 
Kiek.ipoo, Flat, and Caddo creeks, branches of Neches r., 
its E. boundary. Surface level or undulating; s<jil on the 
Trinity rich loam, on the Neches more sandy, and between 
" hickory ujjlands," which are exceedingly fertile and easily 
cultivated. Much of the county is a turesL of line timber, 
black walnut, hickory, oak, and jiine. Trinity r. is boat- 
able part of the year. Iron ore exists in large quantities, 
and silicified or petrified trees, so hard as to be used for 
flints, are found projecting from the ground or lying on the 
surface. Cotton and corn give large rct:!rns, and wild 
grapes abound on eve^ stream. Farms loG; manuf. 0; 
dwell. 192, and i)op.— wh. 1,155, fr. col. 1, si. SI— total 1,237. 
Capital : Athens. 

Henderson, p. v., Knox co., III. : 93 m. N.TV. Springfield. 

Henderson, p. v., ami cap. Henderson co., Kij. : on the 
S. bank ofOliio r., 14S m. W. by S. Frankfort. It is a prin- 
cipal sliipping port for the tobacco, corn, etc., of the Green 
r. country, and it has also a considerable supply of eoal and 
iron in its vicinity. It contains a court-house, 7 churches, 
5 schools, IS or 20 stores, 5 or large tobacco lactories, and 
about l,StiO inhabitants. Two newspapers, the "South 
Ivcntuckian" (whig), and the "Democratic Banner" (dem.), 
are published weekly. 

Henderson, p. v., Granville co., X. Car.: on the line of 
the Gaston and Ealeigh R. It., 45 m. N. IJaleigli. 

Henderson, i. antl p, v., Jefferson co., X. Y.: 14^3 m. 
N.W. Albany. Drained hy Stony and Little Stony creeks of 
Lake Ontario, tin which the t. fronts. Surface level; soil 
sandy loam. Several considerable islands in the lake belong 
to this t., and the W. part of the mainland is peninsular. 
The V. called Henderson Harbor, al the head of Hungry 
Bay, is a port, ami has consi<lerablc trading facilities; it has 
a good landing, and contains about 2(' dwelling**. The 
principal v. lies 3 m. back on Stony er., and is double Ihe 
size of the rjrmer place. The t. has several mills, etc., but 
is almost wholly agricultural. Pop. 2,239. The Ellisbiirg 
and Sackets Harbor il. K. runs along the E. end of the 
township. 

Hendkhson, p. o., Houston co., Ca. : 51 in. S. S. W. 
MilledgeviUe. 

Hendekson, p. v., Mercer co., Penn.: 1S9 m. \\. N.W. 
Harrisburg. 

HENonitsoN, p. v., and cap. Pnsk co., T(\i'.: at the head 
of Big Shawnee cr., a constituent of Angelina r., 230 m. 
N. E. Austin Citv. IL ia a considerable v., and hiis three 

2S6 



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newspapers, the ''Texas Wliig^," Ihe "^Egis of Truth," and 
the " Flag of the Union." Top. about SCO. 

llESDKRfiON's Mu-LS, p. 0., GrccDO CO., Temi. : 21S m. 
E. ^■ashvilIe. 

IlKNDEESONvixt.E, p. V., and cap. Henderson co., 2^\ Car, : 
on Mud cr. of French Broad r., 213 m. W. S. W. lialeigh. 
It eontuins a court-house, etc., several stores, and about 300 
inhaliilants. 

]U;.Nui;itsosvrLi,E, p. v., Sumner co., Tenn. : about 1 mile 
N. of Cumberland r., IG m. N. E. Nashville. 

Ue.ndbessville, p. v., Henry county, Ky. : 26 m. N. W. 
Frank forL 

Hesdkick's county, Tnd^ Situate centrally, and contains 
8ST sq. m. Drained by Eel r, and White Lick and Mad 
creeks, head waters of White r. In the S. and N. W. the 
surface ia undulating, elsewhere the county is level. More 
than half the soil is a rich loam mixed with sand. The 
staple products are wheat, corn, and pork. Farms 1,444; 
manuf. 10; dwell. 2,390, and pop.— wh. 14,04T, fr. col. 30— 
toUU 14,083. Cajjital: Danville, PuUic Works: Terre 
Haute and Richmond E. E. 

IIksdrick's, sta., Putnam co., Lid.: on the line of the 

Terre Haute and Eichmond E. E., 44 m. W. Indianapolis. 

Hendkick's p. o., Tazoo co,, Miss. : 32 ra, N.W. Jackson. 

Hendrick's Mills, p. c, Eussell county, Virg.: 2G3 m. 

W. by S. Eichmond. 

Hendrick's Store, p. o., Bedford county, Yirg> : 131 m. 
W. by S. Eichmond. 

Hkxdbicesville, p. T., De Kalb co., Ala, : 152 m. N. by E. 
Montgomery. 

HKNDRYsBCKon, p. T., Belmout CO., Ohio: 94 m. E. 
Columbus, 

Hent-open cape, DeL : the S. W. point at the entrance of 
Delaware Bay, IS m. S. W. from Cape May, the opposite 
point. A lighthouse is located here. Lat. SG° 47' N., and 
Ion. 750 6' W. 

Henlt's Stoee, p. 0., Franklin co., Ga. : 100 m. N. 
Milledgeville. 

Hennepin, p. v., and cap. Putnam co.. III. : on the E. 
bank of the Illinois r., at its great bend, 102 m. N. Spring- 
field. It has an elevated and pleasant position, the ground 
rising geuUy from the river. It contains a court-house, jail, 
etc., numerous stores and mechanic shops, and about SUO 
inhabitants. Steamboats ascend to this point at a moderate 
stage of the water. 

Henxiker, t. and p. v.,Merrimac co., 2^. ITamp. : 13 m. 
W. by S. Concord. Drained by Contoocook r., which atTurds 
water-power. In the W. part of the t. is Long Pond, 
which <lischarges itself into the Contoocook. Surface billy ; 
soil moderately fertile. There are several villages in the t, 
the principal v. near the centre. The New Hampshire 
Central E. E. and the Contoocook Valley E. R. cross each 
oUur in passing through Heuniker. Pop. 1,G96. 

Hj;nnixg's p. c, Gibson county, Temi. : 122 m. W. 
Nashville. 

llr.NKiro county, Tirg. Situate E., and contains 2GS sq. 
m. Drained by aftiucnts of James r., which bounds it S., 
and by Chickahominy r., its N. E. boundary. Surface un- 
dulating or broken, and much diversified; soil good, pro- 
ducing the cereals and tobacco; but the chief wealth of the 
CO. arises from its vast mineral resources, its extensive com- 
merce and growing manufactures. The great natural ])ro- 
(luct of the eprlh is bituminous coal, deposits of which 
extend over a large part of it, and which is much sought 
after for its superior quality. The mines are deep, and 
widely wrought, and the quantity of coal annually brought 
up and exported, very great. Lying along the nuble James 
r., at the head of navigation for the largest vessels, it Jias a 
fine situation for commanding the lrans[)ortation of the pro- 
ducts of the immense and fertile region of which it is the 
outlet. Ships from its ports visit all quarters of the world, 
loaded with corn, flour, wheal, tobacco, ami coal. The fulls 
ul James r. furnish the best of water-power, with swirccly 
2S6 



a limit to its extent. This has been used in part, and hero 
are the largest flouring establi!*hments in the State, and the 
best cotton and woolen factories. Though not a great agri- 
cultural county, its situation and other natural advantages 
make it one of the most important in the State. Farms 
454 ; manuf. 230 ; dwell. 5,317, and pop.— wh. 23,S00, fr. col. 
8.6G8,sl. 16,109— total 43,572. Capital: Eichmond. Puhlio 
Works: James Eiver Canal; Eichmond, Frederick and 
Potomac E. E. ; Virginia Central E. E., etc 

Hexric's Fork, p. o., Gilmer co., Virg. : 222 m. W. X. W. 
Eichmond. 

Hesrietta. t. and p. o., Jackson co., 3[ich. : 26 m. S. S. E. 
Lansing. Drained by Portage er. of Grand r. There aro 
several ponds in the t, and a considerable portion is 
marshy. Pop. 832. 

Henrietta, t and p. v., Monroe county, N. K ; 193 m. 
W. by N. Albany. Drained by tributaries of Genesee r., 
which marks the W. border, and of Irondequoil cr. Surface 
oiling; soil sand and clayey loam, very fertile. The v. 
contains about 200 inhabitants. The industry of the t. ia 
devoted almost wholly to agriculture. l*op. 2,513. 

Henrietta, I. and p. o., Lorain co., Ohio : 97 ni. N. N. E. 
Columbus. Drained by Vermillion r. and other streams, 
which run northward to Lake Erie. Surface diversified; 
soil generally fertile. The v. is located on the old post roa<;. 
Pop. of t. 1,042. 

Hexhietta, p. 0., Montgomery co., Tcnn. : 47 m. N. W. 
Nashville. 

Henry county, Ala. Situate in S. E. comer, and con- 
Uiins 9S2 sq. m. Drained W. by head of Choctawatcliic r., 
S. by heads of Chipola r., a tributary of Appahichicula r., 
and E. by affluents of Chattahoochee r., which forms its E. 
boundary. Surface varied, affording water-power, to work 
up the pine timber that covers much of it. Cotton ia the 
staple. Farms 6T1 ; manuf. 0; dwell. 1,142, and pop. — wh. 
6,775, (V. col. 1, si. 2,242— total 9,019. CapiUil : Abbeville. 
FuUlcWorks: Fort Gaines and Pensacola E. E. 

Henry county, Ga. Situate N. W. centrally, and con- 
tains 3S7 sq. m. A head of Ockmulgee r. drains it N. E., 
and a branch its S. part. Surface diversified, and soils very 
productive of cotton and the grains. Farms 1,003 ; manuf. 
3 ; dwell. 1,6S0, and pop.— wh. 9,743, fr. col. 14, si. 4,969— 
total 14,726. Capital : McDonough. Public Works : Macou 
and Western E.'E. 

Henry county, HI. Situate N. W., and contains S04 sq, 
m. Drained by Spoon r., an affluent of Illinois r., and Ed- 
wards r. of the Mississippi in the S., and in the N. by Green 
r., a branch of Eock r., which bounds it N. W. Surface un- 
dulating or level ; soil of great fertility, the river bottoms 
especially, and makes this a great farming county. Farms 
2S1; manuf. 0; dwell. 772, and pop.— wh. 3,S07, fr. col. 0— 
total 3,S07. Capital : TAorfisXown. Public llorA-j ; Chicago 
and Eock Island E. E. 

Henry county, Tml. Situate E. middle, and contains 413 
sq. m. Drained by Blue r. and Falls cr. Surface level or 
undulating, and. with the exception of a small extent of 
prairie in the N., the land was originally well timbered. 
Wheat and com are the chief staples, and a largo amount 
of stock is raised. Farms 1,666 ; manuf. 124 ; dwell. 3,06-1 ; 
and pop.— wh. 17,3S0, fr. col. 225— total 17,605. Capital: 
Newcastle. Public Works : Indiana Central E. E. ; Eich- 
mond and Newcastle E. E. 

Henry county, Ja. Situate S. E., and contains 432 sq. m. 
Drained by Chicaguaor Skunk r., an affluent of Mississippi 
r., and its branches. Surface elevated, with good mill seats 
and a few prairies; soil highly productive of all the grains 
and grasses. Farms 94T; manuf. 26; dwell. 1,545, and 
pop.— wh. 3,695, fr. coL 12— total 9,T07. Capital: Mount 
Pleasant. 

Henry county, Jvt/. Situate N. in E. part, and contains 
265 sq. m. Drained by Little I^nlncky r., an affluent of 
Ohio r., in the W., and E. by branches of Kentucky r., ita 
E. boundary. Surface diversified; soils very fertile. To- 



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bacco is the staple, but cora and wheat are largely grown, 
and many swine fattened. Farms 1,029; nianuf. 75; dwell. 
l.-WS. and pop.— wli. 8,376, fr. col. 53, si. 3,013— total 11,442. 
Cupital : New Castle. Public Works : Louisvillo and 
Frankfort K. K., and Louisville and Covington K. R. 

HEifEY county, Mo. Situate W. centrally, and contains 
755 sq. m. Drained by South Grand r., a branch of Oaage 
r., and its affluents Big Thibeau r.. Honey, Tebo, and 
Defpwater creeks. Surface varied, with considerable high 
land and much good timlier; soil well adapted to grazing 
and grain growing. Farms 8^5 ; nianiif. 11 ; dwell. 501, and 
pop._wh. 3,377, fr. coL 8, si. 6T2— total 4,05'2. Cupital: 
Cliulon. 

IUnet county, Ohio. Situate N. W., and contains 516 sq. 
rn. Maumee r. crosses it from W. ti) E., and ila branches 
drain it. Surface level or tinduhain;^, Jind soil fertile. Farms 
807; manuf. 15; dwell. GIO, and pop.— wh. 8.435, fr. col. 0— 
total 8.435. Capital : ^:\\m\i-on, Puhlic Worka: "Wabash 
and Erie Canal; Fort Wayne, Perrysburg, and Sandusky 
li. R. 

Heney county, Tenn. Situate N. W., and contains S2S 
sq. m. Bounded E. by Big Sandy r., an affluent of Tennes- 
eee r., and drained \i. by heads of Obion r., an affluent of 
the Mississippi. Surface level, and soil remarkably fertile. 
Tobacco is the leading staple; wheat is a good crop, cotton 
is grown and many swine fatted. Farms 1,478; manuf. 51 ; 
dwell. 2,2-15, and pop.— wli. 13,392, fr. c«il. 20, sl.4,S21— total 
18,233. Capital: Paris. Public irw/'s; Nashville and 
Mi.'isissippi R. R. 

Henry county, Ylt'g. Situate S. centrally, and contains 
85S sq. m. Drained by branches of Sniilh*s r. and other 
atHuents of Dan n, a branch of the Roanoke. Surface 
broken, affording good water privileges; soil highly pro- 
dueiive. Tobacco is the staple. Farms 523; manuf. 41; 
dwelL 936, and pop.— wh. 5,324, fr. col. 2uS, si. 3,340— total 
8,S72. Capital: Martinsville. 

Heney, p. v., Marshall county, III. : on the W. side of 
Illinois r., ".'2 m. N. by E. Springfield. 

Henry, p. o., Spartauburgh liist., .S". Ca7\: 9S m. N. W. 
Columbia. 

Hekey, p. c, Lawrence county, Teiin. : 79 S. S. W. 
Na.sh\iUe. 

IiESBY, p. 0., Sussex counly, rir(/. : 47 m. S. S. E. 
Bichmond. 

Heset cape, Virg. : on the S. side of the entrance to 
Chesapeake Bay, 12 m. S. of Cape Charles, the opposite 
point. Lilt, 360 5S' N., and Ion. 76^ 21' W. 

HExaY Clay Factory, p. o., New Castle co., Dtl. 

Henby's Ceoss Eoads, p. o., Sevier co., 7t«». ; 177 m. 
E. Nashville. 

Hen-rysyille, p. v., Monroe county, Penrh : 97 m. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

nENR\-YiLLE, V. and sta., Clarke co., Ind. : on the line of 
the JeffersonTille R. R., 19 m. N. Jefferson, and S3 m. S. 
Indianapolis. 

IlEPBrRN', t. and p. o., Lycoming county, Penn.: 74 m. 
N. by W. Harrisburg. Lycoming and Loyalsoek creeks 
bound it W. and E. Surface hilly and mountainous; soil 
Blate and gravel. The t. has numerous mills and several 
manufacturing establishments. Pop. l,Tul. 

Herrert, p. o., Kemper co., J//*s.; S6 ra. E. N, E. 
Jackson. 

Herculanecm, p. v., Jefferson co., Mo. : on the W. baiik 
of Mississippi r., 23 m. below SI. Louis, and 1U2 m. E. by S. 
Jefferson City. It is a thriving v., and one of the chief 
shipping ports of the Missouri lead region. There are 
several shot towers and factories in the vicinity. Pop. about 
600. 

Hereford, p. t., Baltimore CO., Md,: 43 m. N. by W. 
Annapolis, 

Hkreford, t and p. c, Berks co., Penn. : 72 m. E. by N. 
Harrisburg. Drained by the branches of Perkioniou er. 
Surface diversified, Sh'jub'a Mouuliiin being on the l^. E. 



boundary ; soil generally fertile. There are several uiaiui- 
factures and numerous mills in the town, and 1,417 inhab- 
itants. 

Hkeefokd's, p. 0., Mason co., Virg. : ou the E. side of 
Ohio r., 2C3 m. W. N. W. Richmond. 

HERKiiiER county, X. Y. Situate E. centrally, and con- 
tains 1,370 sq. m. Drained N. by heads of Oswegatchie r., 
an affluent of St. Lawrence r., Beaver r.. Moose r.. Inde- 
pendence and Otter creeks, branches of Black r., wiiich 
flows into I^ake Ontario, and S. by East and West Canada 
creeks, affluents of Mohawk r., which passes through it. Sur- 
face much broken. Tlie Adirondack Mountains occupy the 
E., crossing the Mohawk at Little Falls, andtheCliateaugay 
and Otsquaga ranges cover nnich of the co. with liigh hills. 
Soil on the Mohawk very rich ; in the N. are extensive 
forests and the best of grazing, the co. being noted for its 
fine cattle and large dairies. It is well timbered, and the 
N. abounds in pine and hemlock. It also has great facilities 
for manufactures in W. Canada cr., which falls 23 feet per 
mile, and the Little Falls of the Mohawk, which descends 
42 feet in three-quarters of a mile. The last are celebrated 
for Uieir beauty, the river bed lying 300 to 400 feet below 
the banks it has cut through. Minerals of almost every 
kind are found, iron ore, lead, limestone, and gypsum, 
being the most useful, and others, noted the world over for 
the perfection and beauty of their crystals. Its staples arc 
agricultural, butter, cheese, wool, and cattle. Farms 2,723 ; 
manuf. 277 ; dwell. 6,664, and pop.— wh. 38,062, fr. col. 183 
—total 38,244. Capital: Herkimer. Public Works: Eric 
Canal ; Ulica and Schenectady R. R. ; Mohawk Valley 
R. R. ; Saratoga and Saekelt's Harbor R. R. 

IIerkimei;, t., p. v., and cap. Herkimer co., iV! 1'.; 66 m. 
W. N. W. Albany. Drained by West Canada and otlier 
creeks of Mohawk r., which Kast runs along the S. border. 
Surface level in the S., being occupied by exteusivt^ alluvial 
flats— in the N. it is somewhat hilly; soil generally fertile. 
The V. on the N. bank of the Mohawk coutJiins the court- 
house, jail, etc., and has about 1,200 inhabitants. The " II. 
Democrat"' is issued weekly. In the t. there are flouring and 
other mills, tanneries, stores, etc. Pop. 2,G02. 

Herman, t. an<l p. o., Dodge co., Wise. : 53 m. E. N. E. 
Madison. Drained by affluents of Rock r. It is a fine 
agricultural section, and is connected with Milwaukie by a 
plank-road. 

Hermann, p. o,, Ripley county, I?td. : 6S m. S. E. 
Indianapolis. A small German settlement. 

IIlemaxn, p. v., and cap. Gasconade co.. Mo. : on the S. 
bank of Missouri r., 42 m. E. byN. Jefferson City. It con- 
tains the county buildings and several stores, and is cliiefly 
inhabited by Germans. It is a place which, in the progress 
of events, must become of commercial importance. 'I'he 
'' H. Wochenblaft" (dem.) is published weekly, and the 
" Licht Freund" (rationalist), monthly. Poj). about 700. In 
this vicinity, the cultivation of the vine is a prominent 
business ; at least 200 acres of land are now devote<l to tliis 
department of industry, and the quantity of wine manufac- 
tured has averaged, for the last few years, 18,000 to 20,000 
gallons. 

Hermitage, p. o.. Point Coupee par., La. : 42 m. N. W 
Baton Rouge. 

Hermitage, p. v.. Floyd CO., Go. : near the Oostanaula r 
142 ra. N. W. Milledgm-ille. 

Hermitage, p. c, Decatur co., Tenn.: SI m. W. S. W 
Nashville. 

Hermitage, p. v., Coles county. III. : 62 ra. E. by S 
Springfield. 

HriLMiTXGE, V. and sta., Suffolk co., JV. }' ; on the lino 
of the Long Island R. R., 89 m. from Brooklyn and 6 m 
from Greenport. 

Hermitage, p. o., Wyoming county, Al Y. : 219 ni. W. 
Albany. 

Hermitage, p. o., MLTcer co., Penn.: 207 m. W. N. W 
Harrisburg. 



HER 



HIC 



Hekmitage, p. v., Augusta co., Virg. : 107 m. W. N. "W 
llichmond. 

IIekmitage, p. T., Hickory co., Mo,: on the E. aide of 
Poniiiif de Turre r., 7S m. S. W. Jefferson City. 

llEnwoN, L and p. o., Penobscot co., Me. : 55 m. N. E. 
Augustju llraiucd on the N. "W. l>y a branch of Kcndus- 
kciig r., and in the S. by SowadabScook r., which passes 
tliroiish several large ponds. Surface elevated and rolling; 
soil iii(«Ierateiy protiucUve. Pop. 1.374. 

llF.itMoN, U and p. o., St. Lawrence co., J^. Y.: 136 m. 
N. N. \V. Albany. Drained by small affluents of Grass and 
Oswegalchie rivers. Surface rolling ; soil clay-loam, adapt- 
to gracing. Timber very abundant, and iron, etc., exists in 
large quantities. Pop. 1,692. The Walertown and Pots- 
dam K. li. will run on the W. border of Ilernion. 

IIkknando, p. v., and cap. Dc Soto co., Jfiffi.: on the N. 
of Coldwater r., and about 20 m. E. of Mississippi r., 16S 
m. N. Jackson. It contains a court-house, several stores, 
and about 400 inhabitants; and a newspuper, the "People's 
Press" (,dera.), is issued weekly. A railroad has been pro- 
jected hence to Commerce, on the Mississippi river. 

Uebod, p. 0., Bartholomew co., Ind.: 40 m. 8. S. E. 
Indianapolis. 

Herrick. t. and p. 0., Bradford county, Penn.: 112 m. 
N. N. E. Harrisburg. 

ItEKiusG, p. o., Allen co., Ohio: 86 m. N. W. Columbus. 

IlERiaoTTsviLLE, p. V., Alleghoiiy co., Penn, : 173 m. W. 
Uarrisliurg. 

IIekbodtown, p. v., Randolph co., Ga.: 134 m. S. W. 
Milledgeviile. 

Uei:ti:oed county, N. Car. Situate N. E., and contiiins 
3-09 sq. m. Drained by Meherrin r., and other affluents of 
(■liowan r., which is its E. boundary. Surface low and 
level, with a good growth of pine; soil moderately fertile. 
Much lumber ia exported. Farms 37S; manuf. 20; dwell. 
S31, and pop.— wh. 3,553, fr. col. 673, si. 3,716— total 8,142. 
Copitul: Murfreesbbro'. 

Hertford, p. v., and cap. Perquimans co., N. Car. : on 
the S. bank of Perquimans r., near its entrance into the 
bay of the same name, 132 m. E. N. E. Kaleigh. It con- 
tains a court-house, etc., and has about 2u0 inhabitants. 
Perquimans Bay is an arm of Albemarle Sound, and ad- 
mils the navigation of vessels of considerable burden. 

Hess Koad, p. o., Niagara co., N. Y. : 272 m. W. by N. 
Albany. 

IIessville, p. v., Montgomery co., iV^ K; 42 m.W. N.W. 
Albany. 

Hester, p. v., Marion county. Mo.: 87 m. N. by E. 
Jefferson City. 

IIetrick's, p. 0., York coimty, Peim. : 85 m. S. by E. 
Harrisburg. 

JlKirvELToN, p. v., St. Lawrence co., K. Y. : on the N. or 
right bank of Oswegatchio r., 7 m. above Ogdousburg and 
152 m. N. N. "\V. Albany. It contains several mills, stores, 
etc., and about 300 inhabitants. 

IlKVENKit's Storb, p. o., Highland county, Virg, : 136 m. 
W. N. W. Kiclimond. 

Hewit, p. v., Boone county, Virg.: 242 m. W. by N. 
Eichmond. 

HiBEiiNiA, p. 0., Clark county, Jnd. : 92 m. S. S. E. 
Indianiipolis. 

HiKEKNiA, p. v., Callaway co., Mo.: on the N. side of 
Missouri r., opposite Jefferson City. 

Him::RNiA, p. o., Butler co., Penn.: 173 m. W. N. "W. 
Harrisburg. 

lliuERNiA, p. o., Duval CO., Flor. : 163 m. E. Tallahassee. 

HiHERNiA, p. v., Franklin co., Ohio: on the E. side of 
Big Wahuit cr., 8 m. E. Columbus. 

HiBERMA, p. o., Duches.'* CO., K. Y. 

HicKERSox'8 Caose Roads, p. o., Morgan co., Ohio: 63 m. 
E. S. E. Columbus. 

Hickman county, Ky. Situate W., and contains 224 
Bq. m. Bounded W. by Mississippi r., and drained by Little i 
2S3 



Obion r., and other of its affluents. Surface diversified, and 
soil generally very fertile. The staple is tobacco, but corn 
and the other grains are large crops, and swine are raised 
in largo numbers. Farms 546; manuf. 9 ; dwell. 656, and 
pop.— wh. 8,932, fr. col. 18, al. 841— total 4,791. Capital: 
Columbus. Public Works : Mobile and Ohiu K. R. 

Hickman county, Teiin. Situate W. centrally, and con- 
tains .596 sq. m. Intersected by Duck r., a tributary of the 
Tennessee, and draino<l by its numerous branches. Surface 
varied, and soil productive of tobacco, the grains, and some 
cotton, and supporting great numbers of swiiie. Farms 
778; manuf. 16; dwell. 1,296, and imp.— wh. 7,559, fr. col. 
22, si. 1,816— total 9,397. Capital: Vernon. 

Hickman (formerly Mills Point), p. v., and cap. Fulton 
county, A'y. .• on the E. bank of the Mississippi r., 266 m. 
W. S. W. Frankfort. It contains a court-house, jail, etc., sev- 
eral forwarding and commission houses, 14 or 15 stores, and 
a large tobacco stemmery. It is the shipping port of a large 
and fertile agricultural district; and here is published the 
*' ll.NewsLetter"(neulraI), a weekly issue. Pop. about 600. 

HiCKJdAN's Bend, p. o., Mississippi co., Ark. : 126 m. 
N. E. Little Rock. 

HicKOEY county, Mo. Situate W. centrally, and contains 
396 sq. m. Drained by Little Pomme de Terre r., aud 
other affluents of the Osage. Surface undulating or prairie ; 
soil very good, well limbered, and adapted to grazing. 
Farms 190; manuf. 6; dwell. 364, and pop.— wh. 2,143, fr. 
col. 1, 8l. 1S5— U>tal 2,329. Capital: Hermitage. 

IIiCKOKv, p. 0., Carroll county, Ohio : lu6 m. E. N. E. 
Columbus. 

Hickory, p. v., Washington county, Pemi.: 192 m. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Hickory, p. v., Lake co.. 111. : 202 m. N. E. Springfield. 

Hickory Barren, p. o., Greene co., Mo. : 104 m. S. W. 
Jefferson City. 

HicKOBY CoBNEES, p. o., BoTfy CO., Mick. : 42 m.'W. S.W. 
Lansing. 

Hickory Corners, p. o., Niagara co., N.T.: 243 m. 
"W. by N. Albany. 

HicKOBY Ceeek, p. o., Audrain co., Mo. : on a cr. of Au 
Cuivre r. so called, 52 m. N. E. by N. Jefferson City. 

Hickory Creek, p. o., Coffee county, Tenn. : 67 m. S. E. 
Nashville. 

Hickory Creek, p. o., Fayette co.. III. : on the creek of 
Kaskaskia r. so called, 6S m. S. S. E. Springfield. 

HicKoBY Flat, p. o., Cherokee co., Ga, : 103 m. N.N.W. 
Milledgeviile. 

Hickory Flat, p. o., Simpson co., Ky.: 132 m. S. W, 
Frankfort. 

HicKOEV Flat, p. o., Tippah co., Mi^s. : 164 m. N. N. E. 
Jackson. 

Hickory Fork, p. o., Gloucester county, Virg, : 48 m. 
E. by S. Richmond. 

Hickory Ground, p. o., Norfolk co., Virg. : 93 m. S. E. 
Richmond. 

HicKuRY GRorE, p. o., Montgomery co., Ala. : 24 m. S. 
Montgomery. 

Hickory Grove, p. o., Crawford co., Ga. : 49 m.'W. S.W, 
Milledgeviile. 

Hickory Gbove, p. o., Jackson county, Mhh. : 38 m. S. 
Lansing. 

Hickory Gbove, p. o., Oktibbeha co., Miss. : 118 m. N. E, 
Jackson. 

Hickory Grove, p. o., "W'arren co.. Mo. : 60 m. E. by N 
Jefferson City. 

Hickory Grove, p. c, Jackson county, Ja. : 63 ni. N. E. 
Iowa C'ity. 

Hickory Grote, p. o., York dist., S. Cor. : 77 m. N. 
Columbia. 

Hickoky IIkad, p. o., Lancaster dist., S. Car.: 59 m. 
N. by E. Columbia. 

Hickory Hill, p. o., Marion co., 7/;.; 96 m. S. S. E. 
Springfield. 



HIC 



HIG 



• 47 m. N. N". E. 



, Ten 



■ 161 m. 



, S. E. 



HicKoitr lIiLL, p. o., Chester co., Penn. : 67 m. E. by S. 
Harrisburg:. 

Hickory Hill, p. v., Cole county, JIo. : 17 ni. S. V,'. 
Jefferson City. 

Hk-koky Hill, p. o., Beaufort dist., X Car. : 105 m. S. 
Columbia. 

Krciiunv Hill, p. o., Cass counly, Tex.: 2SS m. N. E. 
Ausiin Ciiy. 

Hickory Le^-kl^p- o.,Tallaik'j;a co.,^^(/. ; 92 m.N. byE. 
Monliiouiery. 

HiCKOKY Level, p. o., Carroll oo., 6'<7. / 114 m. "W. N. W. 
Miltedgeville. 

HuK'.tRY Plain, p. o., Prairie co., Arl: : 33 ra. E. S. E. 
Utile Kock. 

Hickory Plains, p. o., Tishemingo co., 3/iss.: 190 m. 
N. E. Jackson. 

IIicKOEY Point, p. o., M'Donough co,, 21/. : 76 m. N.^V. 
Springfitkl. 

Hick:iey Point, p. o., Lake co., Imh : 13G m. N. "W. 
Indianapolis. 

HicKouY KcN, p. o., Carbon co., JTciui. : 67 ni. N. E. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Hickory Ta\tirn, p. o., Harford co., JA/. 
Annapolis. 

Hickory "Withe, p. o., Fayette county 
W.S.W. Nasliville. 

Hicksbuegh, p. v., Dorchester co., JI<7. : C 
Annapolis. 

HiOKSFORD, p. v., and cap. Greenville co., Virff. : on llie 
right bank of Mcherrin r.. 62 m. S. Eicbmond, It coutiiins 
a court-house, jail, elc, and has about 150 inhabilanb;. Tlie 
Petersburg IJ. K. passes near the v., and here forms a junc- 
tion Willi the Greenville and Koanoke K. 11., which at 
Gaston connects with the Kaleigh E. K., etc. 
HiciisniRYiLLE, p. v., Schuylkill co., Peim. 
Hick's Mills, p. o., Do Kalb co., lU. : on Sycamore r., 
162 m. N. by E. Spring tlt-Id. 

HicKsviLLE, p. v., ICulherford county, X. Ciir. : 192 m. 
W.S. W. Ealeigh. 

HicKsviLLE, t. and p. v.. Defiance county, Ohio: 12S ra. 
N. "W". Columbus. Drained by aRluenU of Maumee river. 
Surface varied, but mostly level ; soil sandy loam or allu- 
vion. The V. is a small agricultural settlement. Popula- 
tion of t. 507. 

HicKviLLE, p. v., Oakland co., Mic7{. : 56 m. E. by S. 
Lansing. 
Hico, p. o., Carroll co.. Teiin. : S9 m.V*'. by S. Nashville. 
HiGGANUM, p. v., Mid<iUsex CO., Conn.: on the E. side 
of Connecticut r., 21 m. S. by E. Hartford. It has a conve- 
nient landing. 
HiGGiNS, p. o., Fayette co., I/i. : 5S m. S. S. E. Springfii-Id. 
Higgin's pEKRY.p. V., EdgcfiflJ disI.,X Car. : on Saluda 
river, 44 m. W. by X. Columbia. 

IIiGGiNSFORT, p. V., Brown CO., Ohio: on the N. bank of 
the Ohio r, at the mouth of White Oak cr., 91 ni. S. S. W. 
Columbus. It is a considerable v., containing 536 inhabit- 
ants, and has several mills and stores, and enjoys some 
river trade. 

HiGGiNsviLLE, p. V., Oneida co., K. Y. : 93 ra. N. "W. 
Albany. 

HiGGiNsvTLLE, p. v.,Verraillion co., liL : 112 m. E. N. E. 
SpriDgfleld. 

HiGGiNsviLi.E. p. v., Hampshire county, Tirg.: 162 ni. 
N. "W. Richmond. 

High Blue, p. o., Jackson co., Mo. : 126 m. W. by N. 
Jefferson City. 

High Falls, p. v., Ulster co., A^ Y.: at the liigh falls of 
Eondout cr., 116 m. S.by "W. Albany. It contains several 
txten-sivemills, 6 stores, and 60 or 70 dwellings. About half 
a mile below the falls is a celebrated sulphur spring. The 
Ddaware and Hudson Canal follows the valley of Eon- 
dout creek. 
IIiouoATE, t and p. v. Franklin countv, Verm. : 53 m. 

N2 



N. N. W. Montpelicr. Drained by Missisqui r. in the 9., 
and Eock r. in the N., and situate on Missisqui Bay, an arm 
of Lake Clianiplain. The t. has fine water-power. Surface 
divLTsifled; soil sandy loam. Bog-iron ore is found here. 
Ttie V. is located at the S. extremity of the bay, and is a 
small but pleasant settlemcnL Pop. oft. 2.653. 

HiunGATR Spring, p. o., Franklin county, Vei^m. : 55 m. 
N. N. "W. Munlpe-lier. 

High Grove, p. o., Kelson county, Kij'.: 47 m. S. "W. 
Frankfort. 

High Hill, p. o., Montgomery co.^Mq.: 54 m. N, E. 
Jeffi-rson City. 

High Hill, p. o., Muskingum co., Ohio: 57 m. E. by N. 
Columbus. 

HiGULAND county, Oiiio. Situate S., and contains 463 
sq. ni. Drained by Paint and Eattlesnake creeks of the 
Scioto r.. Brush and White Oak creeks of Ohio r., and E. 
fork of Little Miami. Surface liigh and rolling, and soil very 
fertile. It has fine wat<.-r privileges, and some timber, is an 
excellent farming co., and exports wool and pork. Farma 
2,323 ; manuf. 151 ; dwell. 4,477, and pop.— wh. 24,952, fr. col. 
S29— total 25,7S1. Capital: Hillsboro'. Public Works: 
Cincinnati, Hillsboro', and Parkcrsburg R, R. 

Highland county, Virg. Situate centrally, and contains 
436 sq. ni. Drained by heatis of S. fork of Potomac r. iu the 
N. ; in the 3. by Cow Pasture r., and other heads of James 
river. Surface elevated, the county lying between the Alle- 
ghany and Shenandoah Mis., but a fine table-land of great 
fertility, producing the grains abundantly and feeding many 
cattle and sheep. Farma 3$9 ; raanuf. 7 ; dwell. 651, and 
pop.— wb. 3,S53, fr. col. 10, si. 36J^total 4,22". Capital: 
Monterey. 

Highland, p. v., Yermillion co., Ind. : on the W. side 
of Wabash r., 64 m. W. Indianapolis. 

Highland, v., Clay co., Ind. : on the line of the Terro 
Haute and Richmond E. R., 55 m. W. S. W. Indianapolis, 
and 12 m. from Terre Haule. 

IIigcland, p. o., Tishemingo co,, Misa. : 197 m. N. E. 
Jackson. 
Highland, p. v., Madison co., III. : 73 m. S. Springfield. 
IIigoland, p. o., Shelby county, Ala.: 6S m. N. by "W. 
Montgomery. 

HiGULAND, t. and p. o., Oakland co.,Jl/iV^. ; 4S m. E. byS. 
Lansing. It lies on the high lan<i forming the shed between 
the Shiawassee and Huron rivers. Pop. 851. 

Highland, p. v., Ritchie county, Virg.: 233 m. N. W. 
Richmond. 

Highland, p. v., Highland co., Ohio^: on Lee's cr..53 m, 
S. W, Columlius. 
Hkiiiland, p. 0., Bath co., Ky. : 62 m. E. Frankfort. 
Highland, p. o., Bradford co., Penn. : 113 m. N. Harris- 
burg. 

Highland, p. v., Jackson eo., Tenn. : on the "W. or right 
side of Cumberland r., 66 m. E. N. E. Nashville. 

Highland, p. o., Iowa county, 117* e. ; 42 m. W. by 9. 
Madison. 

Highland, p. o., Jaekson co.. Mo. : on the W. side of 
Little Blue r., 12S m. W. by N. Jefferson City. 

Highland Grove, p. o., Greenville dist., S. Car.: 112 
m. N. W. Columbia. 

Highland Grove, p. o., Harford co., MJ. : 62 ra. N. 
Annapoiis. 

Hkjuland MiLiii, p. v.. Orange eo., X )' ; 90 m. S. by 
W.Albany. Here are several mills and stores, and about 
30 dwellings. 

Highland Milui, p. o., Morgan county, Virg. : 152 m. 
N. N. W. Richmon.I. 

Highlands (Matteawan or Fishkill Mountains), A"! Y. 
See Fishkill Mountains. 

High Market, p. v., Lewis co.. A'. )' -• 117 m. N. W. Al- 
bany. 

High Pink, p. o., Ramb-Iph county, Ala. : 86 in. N. E. 
Montgomery. 



HIG 

High Point, p. o., Mercer co., Ill,; on Edwards r., lU 
m. N. W. Springfield. 
High Point, \>. o., Cole co., Mo. 

HiGiiLiND Pr.iikie, p. o., M'Ucnry county, III. : 194 m. 
N. N. E. Springfleld. 

IIiGii EiDGE, p. o., Fairflelil county, Omn. : 4T m. S. W. 
Hartford. 

High Suoals, p. o., Morgan co., Ga. ; on the Appala- 
chee r., at the rapid so called, 49 m. N. N. W. MiUedgc- 
vUle. 

High Shoais, p. o., Eutherftrd county, iK Car. : 1S9 m. 
W. S. W. Ualeigh. 

High Spihe, p. v., Dauphin co., Penn. : on the line of the 
Pennsylvania E. E., 6 m. S. E. Ilarrisburg. 

High Spklvg, p. o., Greene co., J/o. .• 113 m. S. W. Jeffer- 
son Clly. 

HiGHTowEB, p. o., Forsyth co., Ga.: 112 m. N. W. Mil- 
ledgeville. 

HiGHTowEEs, p. 0., CaswcU CO., M Car.: 63 m. N. W. 
Kalcigh. 

HiouTSTowN, p. v., Mercer co., x: J. : 19 m. E. Trenton. 
The Camden and Amboy E. E., 23 m. from South Amboy, 
and 41 m. from Camden, passes through it. It has a news- 
paper, the " Village Eecord," a •n-cekly issue. Population 
about 400. 

IIiGu View, p. o., Frederick co. Virg. : 137 m. N. N. TV. 
Eichraond. 

IliGuviLLE, p. 0., Lancaster co., Perm.: 47 m. S. E. Ilar- 
risburg. 

Highway, p. o., Greenville dist., S. Car. : 107 m. N. W. 
Columbia. 

HiLHAAi, p. o., Overton co., Tenn. : 73 m. E. by N. Nash- 
ville. 

Hill, t. and p. v., Grafton CO., N. ITamp. .• 28 m. N. N-W. 
Concord. Drained by Smith's r., which on the E. border 
empties into the Pemigewasset. Surface uneven and hilly— 
Eagged Mountain lying on its S. boundary ; soil generally 
fertile. The v. is located in the S. E., and is built on one 
street, and by a bridge connected with Sanbornton. The 
Bristol Branch E. E. passes through Hill. Pop. 951. 

HiLLABEE, p. v., TaUadega co., Ala. : 67 m. N. by E. 
Montgomery. 

HiLLEGAS, p. o., Montgomery county, Penn. : SI m. E. 
Harrisburg. 

HiLLEP.MAX, p, o., Massac co., III. : on the N. bank of the 
Ohio r., ISS m. S. S. E. Springfield. 
Hill Geove, p. o., Darke co., Ohio: 87 m. W. Columbus. 
Hill Gp.ote, p. o.j Pittsylvania co., Virff. : 123 m.W. S.W. 
Eichmond. 
HiLLiiotvsE, p. o.. Lake co., Ohio : 147 m. N. E. Columbus. 
HiLLiAM's Stoee, p. o., Marshall co., Ala. 
HiLLiAr.D's, p. o., Shelby county, 7iv. : 255 m. E. N. E. 
Anstin City. 

HiLLiAEDSio.i, p. v., Nash CO., M Car. : 52 m. E. N. E. 
Ealeigh. 

H1LLIAP.DSTILLE, p. v., Henry county, Ala.: 97 m. S. E. 
Montgomery. 

HiLLSBono' county, Ftor. Bituate S. on "W. side of the pe- 
ninsula, and contains about 8,200 sq. m. It has the Gulf of 
Mexico for its W. boundary ; in the N.W. Tampa or Esjurilu 
Santo Bay, a large inlet of the Gulf, into which How Uills- 
boro r., Alalia r., Indian r., and Manatee r. ; and in the 
8. W. Charlotte Harbor, another inlet, which receives Pease 
cr. and other streams. It covers a large extent of territory as 
yet unsettled, where nature exhibits some of her greatest 
productions in the majestic forests of cedar, magnolia, and 
cypress that cover it. The surface is various, parts boirjg 
marshy, with impenetrable swamps, and parts fine rolling 
cotton lauds. Soil, where cultivated, very ferlile, and gen- 
erally heavily timbered. The produclions embrace figs, 
oranges, and pomegranates. Tampa Bay afi'ords a fine 
harbor. Farms 120 ; manuf. 9 ; dwell. 253, and pop.— wh 
1,711, ft-, col. C, si. 660— total 2,877. Capital : Tampa. 
290 



Hit 



HiLLSBORouGn county. J"; JTa,np. giiuate S., and con- 
tains S44 sq. m. Drained W. by Contoocook r, N. by Pis- 
cataquog r., S. by Souhogan r.. and Nashua r.. all tributa- 
ries of the Merrimac, which Bows S. through the E. part of 
the CO. Surface uneven and broken. Much of the soil is 
fertile, and most finely adapted to grazing and grain-grow- 
ing. Its streams afford great water-power, especially Uie 
Merrimac, on which are many large cotton and woolen 
factories, and thriving manufacturing cities and villages. 
Among these, Manchester and Nashua stand first, and have 
advantages hardly surpassed in New England. Farms 
8,675; manuf. 899; dwell. 9,939, and pop.— wh. 67.359, tr. 
col. lis— total 57,477. Capital: Amherst. I'lMicWor/tn: 
Nashua and Lowell E. E. ; Concord E. E. ; Nashua and 
Worcester E. E. ; Peterboro" and Shirley E. E. ; Wilton 
E. E. ; Contoocook Valley E. E. ; New Hampshire Central 
E. E., etc. 

IIiLLSBORouGn, p. V., Lawrcncc co., Ala. : on the Mem- 
phis and Charleston E. P... 172 m. N. N.W. Montgomery. 

HILL5B0P.0UGII, p. v., Union eountv, Art. : lis m". 8. 
Little Eock. 

HiLLSBOEOUGH, p. V., Oneida county, A\ T. : 96 m. N. W. 
Albany. 

IlaLSBOEoroH, p. v., Jasper county, Ga. : 26 m.W. N.W. 
Milled geville. 

HiLLSBoEouGn, p. V., Fountain county, Ind : on the E. 
fork of Coal cr., 56 m. W. N. W. Indianapolis. It contains 
about 20 dwellings. 

HiLLSBOEODGii. p. V., and cop. Montgomery eo., III. : on 
the E. of the Middle Fork of Shoal er., 47 m. S. S. E. Spring- 
lielil. It contains a court-house, jail, etc., several stores and 
mechanic shops, and about 600 inhabitants. The Terro 
Haute and Alton E. E. will pass through the village. 

HiLLSBoEoiiGii, p. v., Henry county, la. : 49 m. S 
Iowa City. 

HiLLSBoEOCGH, p. V., Fleming county, Ay. .• 74 m. E. 
Frankfort. 

HiLLSBoRouGn, p. V., and cap. Seott co.. Miss. : on a 
small branch of Pearl r., 41 m. E. by N. Jackson. It con- 
tains a court-house and several stores and mechanic shops, 
and about 600 inhabitanls. The North Carohna E. E. 
pa.sses through it 

HiLLSBOKOuGii, p. V., Caroline co., Md. : on the E. side 
of Tuckahoe cr., 65 m. E. Annapolis. 

HiLLSBOP.oiion, p. v., and cap. Jefferson co.. Mo. : on the 
high land between Big r. and the Mississippi, 92 m. E. S. E. 
Jefferson City. It contains a court-house, jail, etc., and has 
several stores. 

UiLLSBonouGn, p. v., and cap. Orange county, A: Car.: 
on Eno r. of the Neuse, 42 m. N. W. Ealeigh. It contains 
a court-house, jail, etc., has several stores and mechanic 
shops, and publishes two newspapers, the " Eecorder" 
(whig), and tlie "Democrat" (dcm.), both weekly issues. 
Pop. about 600. 

HiLLSBOEOuGii, t. and p. v., Hillsborough co., IT. Ramp. ' 
21 m.W. S. W. Concord. Drained by Contoocook and Hills- 
borough rivers, which supply water-power. Surface uneven 
and hilly ; soil of moderate fertility. The v. has considerable 
manulaclures, and in the t. are numerous industrial estab- 
lishments, as mills, factories, mechanic shops, etc. Popu- 
lation 1 ,685. 

Hillsborough, p. v., and cap. Highland CO., 0/iio: 61 
m. S. S. W. Columbus. It contains a court-house, jail, etc., 
several mechanic shops and stores, and in 1S50 had 1.392 in- 
habitanls. Two newspapers are published here, the "H. 
Gazette" (dcm.), and the "Highland News" (whig), both 
weekly issues. Hillsborough is a principal station on the 
Cincinnati, Hillsborough, and Parkersburg E. E., and aa 
such nmst become the dei)Ot for a wide and fertile country. 
It is 60 m. by railroad route from Cincinnati. 

HiLLSBOEOUGH, p. v., Washington Co., Penn. : on tho 
National Eoad, 173 m. W. Harrisliurg. Pop. about 200. 
The site is 1,002 feet above the Ohio r. at Wheelmg. 



HIL 



HIN 



Hillsborough, p. v., Coffoe county, Teiin.: CT m. S. K. 
Nashville. 

HrLLSBOEOUGn, p. v.y and cap. Washington co., Oreff. : 
on ft, branch of Tualatin r., 42 m. N. Sulem, and 14 m. W. 
Portland. 

Hillsborough, p. v., Loudon co., Tirff. : 123 m. N. by "W. 
Eiolmiund. It contains, several mills aud stores, and about 
200 inhabitants. 

Hillsborough BRrDGE. p. o.. Ilillsborongh o,, K.ITam}^. : 
on the N. side of Contoooook r., which is here crossed by 
a bridge, 20 m.W. S.W. dmcord. The Contoocook Yallfy 
E. K. has its present terminus at this point. 

UiLLSBORorGn Cextbe, ]). 0., Hillsborough county, J^T. 
Ilamp. : 23 m.^y. S. W. Concord. 
Hill's Coeneks, p. o.. Penobscot co., M>'. 
Hillsdale county, 2Iirh. Situate S., and contains COS 
sq. m. Drained S. by heads of St. Joseph's r., flowing into 
Maumee r., and N. by heails of St. Joseph's r., emptying 
into Lake Michigan. Surface undulating, with occasional 
marshes, and somj* of the highest land in the peninsula ; soil 
a black, sandy loam, and very productive of grain, but less 
adapted to grazing. In the N. arc "oak openings," but 
the rest of the co. was originally timbered heavily. Fine 
building sandstone is plenty in parts, and iron ore is fouud. 
Its streams have many fine mill-seats. Farms 1,411 ; manuf. 
45 ; dwell. 2,965, and pop.— wh. 16,153, fr. col. 6— total 16,159. 
Capitiil: Hillsdale. FuhUc Works: Michigan Southern 
E. K. 

Hillsdale, t.. p. t., and cap. Hillsdale co., ^fich. : on the 
outletof St- Joseph orBourbese Lake, 55 m. S. Lansing, and 
on the line of the Michigan Southern li. K., and about 70 
miles from Monroe and Toledo. It is eligibly situate as a 
manufacturing place, having a large water-power, and as a 
centre of trade has many advantages. The v. contains a 
court-house, jail, etc., and about 600 inhabitants. Two news- 
papers are published here, the " II. Gazette" (dera.), and *' II. 
Stan<lard" (whig), both weekly issues. Pop. oft. 1,067. 

HiLi^DALE, p. v., Guilford co., N. Car, : 84 m. W. N. W. 
Ealeigh. 

Hillsdale, t. and p. v., Columbia co., K Y. : 32 m. S. S. E. 
Albany. Drained by Ancram and Copake creeks. Surface 
hilly and mountainous, containing Taghkannac Mountain ; 
soil gravelly loam and clay. The village, sometimes called 
the "Turnpike," coutaias 2 churches and several stores, aud 
25 to 80 dwellings. The Housatonic Station, on the Harlem 
E. E., is IS m. from Chatham Four Corners. Pop. 2,123. 

Hill's Grove, p. o., M'Donough co., III. : 70 m.W. N. W. 
Springfield. 

Hill's Geote, p. o., Sullivan co., Penn. : S5 m. N. by E. 
Harrisburg. 

Hill's MrLLS, p. c, Cook county, ///,; 1G7 m. N. E. 
Bpringtleld. 

Hill's Store, p. o., Randolph co., K Car.: 7S m. W. 
Ealeigh. 
Hill's Vallev, p. o.. Williamson co., Tenn, 
Hill's View, p. o., Westmoreland co., Penn. : 123 m.W. 
Harrisburg. 

HiLLSTiLLE, p. v.. and cap. Carroll ro., Tirg.: on a cr. of 
New river, 203 m.W. S. W. Eiehmond. It contains the co. 
oflBces, and about 200 inliubiianta. 

HiLLSviLLE, p. v., Lawrence co., Penn.: 197 m.W. N.W. 
Harrisburg. 

Hill Top, p. v., Wayne county, Penn.: 147 m. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

HiLLTOws", t and p. v., Bucks county, Pnin.: S6 ra. E. 
Harrisburg. Drained by branches of Nishaminy river. 
Pop. 2,10S. 

HiLocuEE, p. o., Washington co., Ark.: 143 m. N. W. 
Little Rock. 

Hilton, p. t., Monroe county, Kif.: 114 m. S. S. W. 
Frankfort. 

Hilton's, p. o., Sullivan coimty, Tt7in. : on ilie Holston, 
243 m. E. Nashville. 



IIixoKi^Y, t. and p. o., Medina county, Oh/'o: 103 m. 
N. E. by N. Columbus. Drained by Ilock r., whieh aflords 
numerous mill-sites. Surface elevated and broken ; soil 
fertile, adapted alike to grain and grass. Iron ores, coal, 
and red sandstone abound. Pop. 1,416. 

Hinds county, 3I/ss, Situate W. centrally, and contains 
851 sq. m. Draiucd by aflUients of Pearl r., its E. boundary, 
and of Big Black r., its N. W. boundary, and S. by Tallaha 
cr., which flows into the Mississippi. Surface level or roll- 
ing; soil verj' fertile, and admirably flllcd for cotton grow- 
ing. Cotton is the great staple, ct^rti yields well, and some 
rice is made. Jaekson, the capital of the State, is in its E. 
part, on the Pearl r. Farms S5:i ; manuf. 3 ; dwell. 1.656, 
and pop.— wh. S,690, fr. col. 25, si. 16,625— total 25,340. 
Capital: Jackson. Public Works: Vicksburg, Jackson, 
aud Brandon It. It.; liaymond Branch E. E. ; New Or- 
leans, Jackson, and Northern R. It. 

Hinds, p. o., Bmzoria co., Tex.: ou the W. side of Oyster 
cr., 162 m. S. E. Austin City. 

Hindsburgu, p. v., Orieaus co., aV. Y. : 216 m. W. N. W. 
Albany. 

IIiNESBURGu, t. and p. v., Chittenden co.. Verm,: 24m, 
W. by N. Montpelier. Drained by Platte r. and Lewis or. 
Surface uneven; soil fertile, well adapted to gr.ass. The v. 
is on Platte r., and is built on one street. Some manufac- 
tures are carried on in the t., and there are facilities for 
their increase. Pop. 1,&37. 

Hlnes' Mills, p. o., Ohio county, Ki/. : 131 m. W. S. W. 
FrankforU 

HiNERTON, p. 0., Eapides parish, La.: 116 m. N. W. 
Baton liougc. 

IIiXEs\nLLE, p. v., and cap. Liberty co., Ga.: on the pine 
land S. of Taylor's cr., 130 m. S. E. Milledgeville. It con- 
tains about half a dozen dwellings. 

HiNGiiAM, t. and p. v., Plymouth co., Mass. : 13 m. S. E. 
Boston. Situate on the S. side of Boston Bay. Surface 
bruken ; soil in parts fertile, but not generally so. The v. is 
located at the head of an arm of the bay, and on the line 
of the South Shore E. K. It is a place of consiilerable trade, 
and is much employed in coasting and the fisheries. lu 
the t. there are several manufactures. Pop. 3,9S2. 

HiNKLESBURGH, p. v., Oldham CO., K^. : SS m.W. N. W. 
Frankfort. 

HiNKLETON, p. o., Lancaster co., Penn.: ou the N. side 
of Concstoga cr., 41 m. E. S. E. Harrisburg. 

Hi.NMANSviLLE, p. V., Oswcgo CO., J^. Y. : 133 m. N. W, 
Albany. 

Hinsdale, t. and p. v., Berkshire co., 3rass. : 108 m. W. 
Boston. Drained by several creeks, affluents of Housa- 
tonic river. Surface elevated ; soil generally good, and well 
adapted to grass. The v. is a small central settlement. In 
the t. there are several manufactories. Pop. 1,253. The 
Western E. E. pa.?se3 through the t., and h;is a station a 
little W. of the village. 

Hinsdale, t. and p. v., Cheshire co., 2r. Ifamp.: 59 m. 
S. W. by W. Coneord. Situate in the e.xlreine S. W. corner 
of the State. Drained by Asliuelot r. and its branches, and 
small streams falling into Connecticut r., which is its W. 
boundary. A range of hills, from 800 to 900 feet high, 
crosses the t. E. and W. Surface, M'ith this exception, 
moderately uneven; soil fertile and well cultivated. The 
Ashuelot E. E. passes through it. Pop. I,9u3. 

Hinsdale, t. and p. v., Cattaraugus co., ^V. )'. .■ 234 in. 
W. by S. Albany. Drained l)y Isehua and Olean creeks, 
and contains a small lake called the Eescrvoir. Surface 
hilly and somewhat broken; soil well adapteil to grass. 
The V. is situate on the Genesee Valley Canal and on the 
New York and Erie E. E., and contains several mills, me- 
chanic shops, stores, etc., and about SiiO irdiabiUiuts. It is 
eligibly situate for a considerable tra<iing town, and haa 
unusual facilities for expansion. Pop. of t. 1,302. 

HiNTON's Geove, p. o., Pickeiis co., Ala,: 126 m. N. W. 
Mont';omery. 

291 



HIR 



HOL 



HiBAM, t and p. o., Oxford co., Me. : 65 m. S. W. Augusta. 
Drained by Saco r., which runs Ihrougli it and atTords im- 
mense waler-power. Surface diversified ; soil of average 
fertility. Pop. 1,210. 

HiBAM, t and p. t., Portage co., Ohio: 132 m. N. E. 
Columbus. Drained by Cuyahoga r. and its atHuenta, and 
also by some head branches of Mahoning river. Surface 
elevated ; soil rich and fertile. The v. is central, and on a 
branch of Mahoning river. Pop. of L 1,100. 

IIiKAMBUEGn, p. v., Morgau co., Ohio: 66 m. E. S. E. 
Columbus. 

UrrcucocKTJLLE, p. v., Litchfield co., Coiui. : on the W. 
branch of Farmington r., 21 m. N. W. Uartford. It con- 
tains several shops and stores, and about U50 inhabitants. 

IIiTESTiLLE, p. v., CoIcs couuty. III. : S8 m. E. S. E. 
Springfield. 

HiwAssEE river, Ga. and Tenn.: rises in Union county, 
Georgia, and flowing into Tennessee enters tlic Teuucssee 
r., 12 ra. S. W. Washington. 

Hix's Ferey, p. c, Pandolph co., AH: : at the crossing 
of Current r., 146 m. N. N. E. Little Kocti. 

HizERViLLE, p. v., Oneida county, iV'. i'. : 97 m. N. W. 
Albany. 

HoADLEY, p. o., Eaciue county, Mine: 76 m. E. by S. 
Madison. 

HoAG'8 CoBNEE, p. o., EcBsselaer county, A"; }'. ; 12 m. 
E. by S. Albany. 

HoBAET, p. v., Delaware co., 2i. Y. : on the head waters 
of Delaware r., 51 m. W, S. W. Albany. It contains several 
mills, stores, etc., and about 300 inhabitants. 

IIoBAET, p. v., Lake co., Ind. : ou Deep r. of the Calumet, 
12S m. N. W. Imlianapolis. 

lIoBBiEviLLE, p. v., Grceue county, Ind. : 77 m. S. "W. 
Indianapolis. 

IIoBBiEViLLE. p. v., AUeghauy co., K Y. : 214 m. W. by S. 
Albany. 

lloBBYviLLK, p. V., Spattauburgh dist., S. Car.: 97 ra. 
N. W. Columbia. 

HoBOKRN, p. v., nudson CO., N. Jer. : on the \V. bank 
of the Hudson r., 02 m. N. E. Trenton. It lies immediately 
opposite New York City, with which it is connected by three 
ferries. 'Within the past few years it has become a large v., 
chiefly inhabited by persons doing business in the neigh- 
boring metropolis. The Elysian Fields lie immediately N. 
of the v., and are a famous holiday resort in the summer 
and fall seasons. 
HocKANUM, p. v., Hartford co., Cann. 
HocKANUM, v., Hampshire co., Ma-^s. : on the E. side of 
Connecticut r., and at the base of Mount Uolyoke, S3 m. W. 
Boston. There is at this point a horse ferry across the r. 
The v. contains a tavern, and about a dozen dwellings. 

HocKHOCKiNG hver, Ohio: rises in Fairfield co., and 
after a course of about SO m. through a billy country, enters 
the Ohio at Hocking Port in the t. of Troy. Its name in tlic 
Delaware language means a hvttle. It is navigable for 
email craft to Athens; 7 m. N. W. of Lancaster it falls over 
a ledge of rock 40 feet perpendicular; and above the falls 
resembles " a bottle" in shape, whence its name. The coun- 
try through which it passes is wild and picturesque, and 
along its banks numerous ancient mounds and fortifications 
are found. The lower valley abounds in yellow pme. The 
Hocking Canal follows the valley of this river. 

Hocking county, Ohio. Situate S. centrally, and contains 
861 sq. m. Drained by Salt cr. and Hocking r. ami its 
branches. Surface considerably broken, with a few high 
hills; soil fertile, producing large crops of grain and some 
tobacco, and furnishing excellent grazing. Grain and purk 
are the chief exports. Farms 1,1S0; nianul. 15; dwt-ll. 
2,367, and pop.— wh. 14,002, fr. cul. 117— total 14,119. 
CapiUd: Logan. Pahlic Wo7'ks : Hocking Canal. 

Hooking Port, p. v., Athens co., Ohio: at the entrance 
of Big llockhocking r. into the Ohio, 83 m. south-cast 
Coluud)U.a. 



Hodqdon, t. and p. o., Aroostook co., Me. : 153 m. N. E. 
Augusta. Situate on the E. line of the Stale, and drained 
by branches of Meduxnekeag river, which empties in the 
St. John at Woodstock, N. B. Surface diversified ; soil ex- 
cellent for wheat and grass. Pop. S62. 

HoDGOON's MitLS, p. o., Lincolu co., Me. : 23 m. S. E. 
Augusta. 

HoDGENSViLLE, p. V., La liue county, Ky. : 64 m. S. W. 
Frankfort. 

Hodge's Bend, p. o., Fort Bend co., Te:n. : 146 m. E. S. E. 
Austin City. 

Hoffman's Ferey, p. o., Schenectady co., A'. Y. : 13 m. 
N. W. Albany. 

Hoff.\ian's Gate, p. o., Columbia county, J\r. Y. : 29 m. 
S. S. E. Albany. 

Hogansbubgu, p. v., Franklin co., JV. Y. : on St. Kegis 
r., 2 m. from its entrance into the St. Lawrence, and 15b m. 
N. N. W. Albany. It has several large mills and stores, and 
about 300 inhabitants. Steamboats pass up the r. from the 
St. Lawrence to this point. 

HoGANSviLLE, p. V., Du Buquc CO., la. : 60 m. N. N. E. 
Iowa City. 

HoGAssviLLE, p. V., Troup CO., Ga. : on Yellow Jacket 
cr. of Chattahoochee r., 100 ni. W. byN. Milledgeville. The 
Lagrange U. B. passes through it 59 m. from Atlanta. 

Hug Cueek, p. c, Allen county, Ohio: 81 m. N. W. 
Columbus. 

HoGESTowN, p. v., Cumberland co., Penn.: 9 m. S. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Hogle's Cheek, p. o., St. Clair co.. Mo. : on a cr. of Osage 
r. so called, S2 m. W. S. W. JefTensou City. 

Hog Mountain, p. o.. Hall co., Ga. : ou the S. W. part 
of the CO., &9 m. N. N. W. MUledgeville. 

Hohenlinden, p. v., Chickasaw county, il//*5. ; 12S m. 
N. N. E. Jackson. 

HoLCOMB, p. v., Burke co.,(7a. :on the N. side of Ogeechcc 
r.. 64 m. E. S. E. Milledgeville. It is a station of the Cen- 
tral B. Ic, 100 m. from Savannah, and 91 m. from Macon. 

II0LDF.N, t. and p. o., Worcester co., Masn. : 4^5 m. W. 
Boston. Drained by Blackstone and Nashua rivers, wliieh 
have immense water-power. Surface somewhat uneven; 
soil, except on the rivers, indifferent. The manufactures of 
the town are considerable. Pop. 1,933. 

Holdeeman''s Grove, p. 0., Kendall co.. III.: 128 m. 
N. N. E. Springfield. 

Holderness, t. and p. v., Grafton co., N. Hump. : -37 m. 
N. Concord. Drained by tributaries of Merrimac r., which 
lies on its W. side ; and Squam Lake lies on its E. border, 
and atfords by its outlets, which flow into Pemigewasset, 
excellent water-power. It has several mills and factories, 
and 1,744 inhabitants. The Boston, Concord, and Montreal 
K. E. passes through the S. W. corner, 45 m. by route from 
Concord, 

Holderness Centre, v., Grafton co., N. Uamp. : 36 m. 
N. Conc*>rd. 

Holland, t and p. o., Hampden county, Mass.: 63 m. 
W. S. W. Boston. Drained by head branches of Quinne- 
baug r. It is a small town, with some manufactures. Pop, 
of t. 4i9. 

Holland, t. and v., Ottawa co., 3Iii'?i. : at the confluence 
of Black r. with the estuary so called, 76 m. W. Lansing. It 
has eood harborage, and the v. is a thriving place of some 
400 inhabitants. The '* Hollander," a weekly newspaper, is 
published. Pop. of t. 3,S29. 

Holland, t. and p. v., Erie co., y. Y. : 237 m. W. 
Albany. Drained by Seneca and Cazenova creeks. Sur- 
face high and rolling; soil moist clay and sandy loam. The 
village consists of about 25 dwellings. Pop. of t. 1,315. 

Holland, p. 0., Venango county, Penn.: 19T ra. N. W, 
Harrisburg. 

Holland, t. and p. o., Orleans co., Verm.. : 59 m. N. N. E, 
Montpelicr. Situate on the Canada border. Draired b) 
streams flowing N. into Lake Massawippi, S. into Seymour 



HOL 



Lake, and W. into Lake Memphremagog, the waters of all 
which are ultimately discharged through St. Francis r. into 
the St. Lawrence. Surface elevated, and has several ponds, 
the soiu-ces of the streams indicated ; soil fertile. Pop. 6lj3. 
UoLL\>-D Tatent, p. v., Oneida county, JV. Y.: 81 m. 
W. N. W. Albany. It contains 2 churchca, an endowed 
academy, and about yiii) inhabitants. 

lIoLLiNo's, p. o., Laurens district, S. Car. : 63 m. N. W. 
Columbia. 

lIoLLET, p. v., Orleans co., y. Y. : on Sandy cr., 216 m. 
yi. N. W. All)any. Tlie Erie Canal aud the Rochester, 
Lockport, and Niagara Falls K. l:. here cross the creek. 
It is an active trading place of between 85(1 aud 400 in- 
habitants. 

HoLLiDATsmmon, p. 1)., and cap. Blair co., Penn. ; on 
Beaver Dam cr., 1-3 m. W. N. W. direct, or by railroad 13T 
m. from llarrisburg. It is a place of considerable trade, 
ami has some mauulaetures. The Alleghany Portage E. K. 
commences here and pa-sses over the Alleghanies, uniting 
the two sections of the Pennsylvania Canal, and also the 
eastern and western divisions of the Pennsylvania K. K. 
Jlollidaysburgli lias four newspapers, the ■• Democratic 
Standard" (.leni.), the "U. Kegisler'' (whig), the "Shield" 
(relig.), and the "Blair County Whig," all weekly issues. 
Pop. in 1S40, 1.S96, and in 1S50, 2,417. 

lIoLLiDAV's Cove, p. o., Uaucock county, 17/-17-- SiO w. 
N. W. Iliehmond. 

UoLHDATSViLLE, p. v., DooIy CO., Ga. : on the E. bank 
of Flint r., 112 in. S. S. \V. Milledgcvilie. 

UoLLiNGSWoaxii, p. v., Uabcrshaiii co., 6a. : on a branch 
of Hudson's fork of Broad r., 91 m. N. by W. MiUedgoville. 
IIoLLis, t and p. v., York co., Me. : m m. S. W. Augusta. 
Drained by affluents of Saco r., which is its E. border, and 
Os-sippee r. runs along its N. border. Surface diversilied ; 
soil generally fertile, with some Bne meadows. The rivers 
affor'l excellent mill-sites. The v. lies on Saco r., opposite 
Buxton, with which it is connected by a bridge. The York 
and Cumberland H. K. crosses the t. and r. a little to the N. 
Lumber is extensively manufactured, and there are pot- 
teries etc. Pop. of t. 2,6S3. 

UoLLis. p. v., Peoria eo.. III. : 54 m. S. by E. Springfield. 
HoLUS, t. and p. o., Ilillsboro' eo.. A'. J/amji. : 35 m. S. 
Concord. Drained by Kashua aud its tributaries, and 
ponds and other streams of Merrimao river. There b 
much fine fanning laud in the t., which is well cultivated. 
Tho v. lies centrally. Pop. of t. 1,293. 

HoLLis Ce.stre, p. o., York county. Me. : 71 m. S. W. 
Augusta. 

Hollistek's MII.I.S, p. o., Holt CO., M<i. : 204 m. N. W. 
Jefferson City. 

HoLLisTos, t. and p. v., Middlesex co., J/n,w.: 25 m. 
■W. S. W. Boston. Drained by a branch of Charles river. 
The V. is situate centrally, and there is a station on the Mil- 
ford Branch P.. K. The t. has considerable manufactures. 
Pop. 2,423. 

Hollow Ceeek, p. o., Lexington dist., S. Car. : on a 
creek of Saluda r. so called, 27 m. W. Columbia. Popula- 
Uon 1,912. 

Hollow Squaee, p. o., Greene CO., Ala. : 9S m.W. N.W. 
Montgomery. 

Holly Ckeek, p. o., Murray co., Ga. : on a creek of 
Oostanaula r. so called, 147 m. N. W. MiUedgeville. 

HoLLv CrEovE, p. o., Walkcr CO., J!u. : 139 m. N. W. 
Montgomery. 

Holly Geove, p. o., Stewart co., Ga.: 126 m. S. W. 
MiUedgeville. 
Holly H[ll, p. o., Charleston dist., S.Car. 
Holly Point, p. o., Drew county, vl/'A*.; 97 m. S. S. E. 
LitUe Itock. 

H.'>LLY Ueteeat, p. 0., Wilkinsou CO., Miss.: lOS m, 
S. \V. Jackson. 

Holly Speino, p. v., Wake Co., X. Car. : 16 m. N. N.W 
EaieiglL 



HOL 

Holly Speino, p. o., Dallas co., .-1;*. .■ 64 m. S. by W. 
Little Itoek. 

Holly Springs, p. v., and cap. Marshall eo.. Miss. : on 
an elevated site or watershed dividing the streams, 168 m. 
N. by E. Jackson. It contains a court-house, jail, several 
stores, and about 600 inhabitants. Its success is prospective, 
but there is every reason to believe that it will shortly be- 
come a great railroad and business centre, as it lies on tho 
routes of several projected lines of iniportaiil roads. Two 
newspapers, the "II. S. Gazette" (whig), and the "Jack- 
sonian" (dem.), are issued weekly. Pop. about COO. 

HOLMDEL, p. v., Monmouth co.. A' J-a: : 33 m. E. by N. 
Trenton. It is a small v. on an affluent of Navesink r., 
aud contains alKiut 20 dwellings. 

Holmes county, Flor. Situate N. W., and contains 732 
sq. in. Choctawatcliie r. runs S. tlirougli it, and it is drain- 
ed liy its branches. Surface mostly even, with some con- 
siderable elevations ; soil on the streams fertile, and much 
covered with pine. Cotton is the staple. Farms 1«3 ; 
niaiiuf. 0; dwell. 267, and pop.— wli. 1,481, fr. col. 0, si. 163 
—total 1,044. Ca/jital: Cerro Gordo. 

Holmes eouiily. Miss. Situate N. centrally, and contains 
S7G sq. m. Yazoo r. bounds it W., and Big Black r. E., by 
branches of which it is drained. Surface various, and soils 
excellent. It possesses much good water-power, a part of 
which is improved, and raises large numbers of cattle and 
swine. The principal business is the culture of cotton, for 
which the soil is very favorable. Farms 640; manuf. 21; 
dwell. 995, and pop.— wh. 5,637, fi-. col. 4, si. 8,377— total 
13,918. CajiiUit: Lexington. 

Holmes county, Oldo. Situate E. centrally, and contains 
439 sq. ni. Surface diversilied, and in parts broken ; soils 
of excellent quality, equally a.lapted to grass and grain. 
It has numerous manufactories, and raises many catdc, 
sheep, and swine. Farms 2,171 ; manuf. 122 ; dwell. 3,436, 
a,„l p„p.— wh. 20,448, fr. col. 4— total 20,452. Capital: 
Millersburg. PiiUi^ ll'oris ; Millersburg Extension of the 
Akron and Hudson E. K.; Ohio and Pennsylvania K. P.. 
Holmes' Bay, p. o., Washington co., Me. 
IIoLMESBURGii, p. V., Philudelphiaco., Peiiii.: on Penny- 
pact cr., 96 m. E. Harrisburg, and 9 m. N. Philadelphka. 
The cr. is navigable to Lewis' Mill, in the neighborhood. 
Pop. about 400. There is a mill here erected 1697, and 
built of stone. 

Holmes' Hole, p. v., Dukes eo., Jfass. : on the W. side 
of the bay so called, 69 m. S. S. E. Boston. The village has 
about 400 inliabitants. Holmes' Hole is an important har- 
bor oil the N. side of Martha's Vineyard, deep enough for 
the largest class of vessels, and secure. It is much resorted 
to by mariners when the winds are unfavorable to rounding 
Cape Cod, and as a port of refuge it has no superior. The 
inhabitants have a number of vessels, chiefly employed in 
coasting and the fisheries. 

Holmes' Valley, p. v., and cap. "Washington CO., Floi: : 
94 m. W. Tallahassee. Situate on Holmes' creek, which 
empties through Choctawatchie r. into the bay of the same 
name. It has a court-house and about 60 inhabitants. 

Holmesville, p. v., and cap. Appling co., Ga. : on a 
branch of Little SantUla river, 107 miles S. E. Milledgo- 
vUle. It contams a court-house, jail, etc., and about 160 in- 
habitants. 

Holmesville, p. v., Avoyelles par., la. : on the W. bank 
of Bayou Teche, 73 m. N. W. Baton Kouge. 

Holmesville. p. v., and cap. PUic Co., Mt-is. : on the W. 
side of Bogue Cliitlo r., 72 m. S. Jackson. It has a court- 
house, and contains about 600 inhabitants. The " Tem- 
perance Banner" is a weekly newspaper, published here. 

Holmesville, p. v., Holmes county, Ohio: 71 m. N. E. 
Columbus. 

HoLSToN, p. v.. Washington co., rirg. : on Holston r.,279 
m. W. S. W. Eiehmond. 

Houston Spbings, p. v., Scott Co., Virg. : 292 m.W. S.W. 
Eiehmond. 

29S 



HOL 

UoLSTON Valley, p. o., Sullivan co.. Tenn,: 253 m. E. 
Nashville. 

Holt county, Mo. Situate N. W., and contains 442 sq. m. 
Drained by Nodaway r., wliicU bounds it K., and Big and 
LitUe Tarkio rivers, all allluents of Missouri r., which is its 
W. boundary. Surface off the rivers, level or rolling ; on 
the Missouri are bluffs or high grounds. Soil productive, 
and well adaiited to grazing. Farms 305 ; manuf. 5 ; dwell. 
614, and pop.— wh. 8,827, fr. col. 3, si. 127— total 3,357. Cap- 
ital : Oregon. 

Holt's Stoke, p. c, Orange co., iV. Car. : 47 m. N. W. 
Ealcigh. 

Holy Neck, p. a, Nansemond co., Yirg. : 76 m. S. E. 
Eiehmond. 

Holyokk, t. and p. v., Hampden Co., J/oss. ; 93 ni. W. 
Boston. Taken from N. jiart of West Spriugfleld, and for- 
merly called Ireland Parish. Drained by several creeks 
flowing to Wcstlield r., and the Connecticut forms its E. 
boundary. Surface, except on the Connecticut, hilly ; soil 
generally fertile. The v. is situate opposite South lladlcy 
Palls, and dates back only a few years. It is intended to 
make it a large manu&cluring place, and for this purpose a 
dam has been thrown across the river, securing to it an im- 
mense water-power. The v. will be built np by Boston 
capital, and already between four and five million dollars 
are invested in the enterprise. The manufactures are chiefly 
cotton, and there is also a very extensive machine shop 
here, at which the mill machinery is built. The " Hampden 
Freeman" (whig), is issued weekly. Pop. of t. 3,246. 

Holyoke mountain, Hampshire Co., J/aS6. : a rango of 
mountains, terminating in a high peak on the E. side of 
Connecticut river, opposite Mount Tom, and is, in fact, the 
same range as the latter, broken through by the Connecticut. 
Its greatest elevation is about 1,000 feeL Its faces on the 
river, and toward the N. are very steep and precipitous, and 
generally well wooded. 

HoMASASSA, p. v., Benton Co., Ftor. : at the head of the 
river so called, )5S m. S. E. Tallahassee. 

Home, p. o., Indiana county, reim.: 123 m. W. N. W. 
Harrisburg. 
Ho.\iE, p. v., Jefferson co., Inrl. : 86 m. S. E. Indianapolis. 
Ho.ME, p. o., Van Buren county, la. : 78 m. S. by W. 
Iowa City. 

HoMEE, p. o., Champaign county, III. : 90 m. E. N. E. 
Springtield. 

HoMEK, t. and p. v., Calhoun county, Mich. : 42 m. 
S. by W. Lansing. Drained by S. branch of Kalam,azoo r., 
which has largo water-power. Surface generally level- 
sometimes marshy ; soil fertile. The v. is a thriving settle- 
ment on the r., and has about 300 inhabitants. Pop. of t. 929. 
HO.MEE, t. and p. v., Cortlandt county, ^'. Y. : 122 m. W. 
Albany. Drained by Tioughnioga cr. and its tributaries. 
Surface level ; soil sandy and clay loam. The v. on the W. 
bank of the creek has numerous mills, factories, and me- 
chanic shops, with stores, etc., and a population of 1,600 
souls. The " Cortlandt County Whig" is published weekly. 
The t. is also largely engaged in manufactures." Pop. 3,836. 
Hosier, p. o.. Potter co., I'enn, : 137 m. N.W.Uarrisburg. 
HoMEE, p. v.. Licking Co., Ohio : on the N. fork of Lick- 
ing river, 31 m. N. E. Columbus. It contains several mills, 
mechanic shops, stores, etc., and about 400 inhabitants. 

Homer, p. v., and cap. Claiborne par., Za. : on the E. side 
of Bayou Doreheat, 194 m. N. W. Baton liouge. 

HoMBEViLLE, p. V., Medina county, Ohio : &4 m. N. N. E. 
Columbus. 

Home Spkcjg, p. o., Holmes co., jTlor. : lOS m. W. N.W. 
Tallahassee. 

HoMEwooD, p. o., Scott county, Mlsa. : 42 m. E. N. E. 
Jackson. 

HoMMENEY Ceeek, p. 0., BuQcombo CO., jV. Car. : 232 m. 
W. Raleigh. 

HoNEOYE, p. v., Ontario co., y. T. : at the foot of Uoneoye 
Lake, ISO ra. W. by N. Albany. It has several mdls and 
i9i 



HOO 

workshops, and about 200 inhabitants. Honeoye Lake ia 
about 5 m. long and 1 m. wide, and is a beautiful sheet of 
water. 

HosEOYE Fall.'), p. v., Monroe co., iK Y. : on Uoneoye 
cr., 192 m. W. by N. Albany. The cr. has here a fall of luO 
feet in 2 m., of which 8u feet is a perjiendicular fall in the 
centre of the village. It is the seat of numerous industrial 
establishments, furnaces, woolen factories, flouring mills, 
etc., and contains about 1,400 inhabitants. In the vicinity 
there is abundance of flne building stone. 

HoNEsnALE, p. b., and former cap. Wayne CO., Peiin. 
at the confluence of Dyberry and Lackawa.\en creeks, 121 
m. N. E. Harrisburg. It is the junction point of several 
railroads and canals, and may be considered as the W. termi- 
nus of the Delaware and Hudson Canal. It is a compara- 
tively new place— in 1840 it contained 1,036 inhabitants, and 
in 1S50, 2,263. Two newspapers are published here, the 
" Wayne County Herald" (whig), and the '■ H. Democrat" 
(dem.), both weekly issues. The borough baa some import- 
ant manufactures. 

HoxEY Beook, t and p. o., Chester co., Pmn. : 54 m. 
E. by S. Harrisburg. Drained by branches of Brandywiuo 
river. Surface generally level ; soil sandy loam. There arc 
several mills, tanneries, stores, etc., in the L Pop. 1,929. 

HosET Ceeek, p. o., M'Donald Co., Mo. : in the S. W. 
corner of the State, 196 m. S. W. Jefferson City. 

Honey Ceeek, p. o., "Walworth CO., 117*e. ; on Honey cr, 
of Fo.\ river, 62 m. E. S. E. Madison. 

Honey Cut, p. o., Baldwin co., Ala. : 156 m. S. S. W. 
Montgomery. 

Honey Grove, p. o., Fannin co., Tex. : on Honey Grove 
cr. of Bois d' Arc r., 2S4 m. N. N. E. Austin City. 

Honey Point, p. o., Macoupin co., lU. : 47 m. S. by W. 
Spruigfield. 

Honey Town, p. t., Dale county, Ala. : 97 m. S. S. E. 
Montgomery. 

Honeyville, p. v.. Page co., Virtj.: on Shenandoah r., 
96 m. N. W. Eiehmond. 

Hood's Mills, p. v., CarroU co., Ind. : on the yf. branch 
of Patapsco r., and on the lino of the Baltimore and Ohio 
E. E., 85 m. W. Baltimore, and 30 m. N. Vf. Annapolis. 

HooDsvLLLE, p. v., Marion coimty, Virff. : 20S m. N. W. 
Eiehmond. 

HooKEE, p. 0., Hunt county, Tt.'x.: 256 m. N. N. E. 
Austin City. 

Hookekstown, p. v., Greene co., JfT. Car. : on the W. side 
of Contentnea cr. of Neuse r., 03 m. E. S. E. Ealeigh. 

Hookestown, p. v., Beaver co., Penn. : on a branch of 
Mill cr., 212 m. W. Harrisburg. Pop. about 250. 

HooKSET, t. and p. v., Merrimac co., A\ Uamp. : 11 m. 
S. by E. Concord. Drained by Merrimac r., which runs 
through it, and has within the t. a descent of 16 feet in 13 
rods, around which is a canal a quarter of a mile long. The 
V. is situate on the W. side of the r., and on the line of the 
Concord E. E., 9 m. S. Concorii. In the t. there are several 
large cotton and other nuinufaetures, and there is plenty of 
power for their expansion. Pop. 1,503. 

HooKSTOWN, p. v., Baltimore coimty, Md, : 31 N. by W. 
Annapolis. 

HoosKK, p. v., Greene county, Wi»o.: 83 m. S. by W. 
Madison. 

HoosicK, t and p. o., Eensselaer co., 2^. Z .• 24 m. N. E. 
Albany. Drained by Hoosick r. and its tributaries. Surface 
hilly; soil clay, sand, and loam, with some gravel, well 
adapted to grazing. The t. has several extensive mills and 
factories. In Hoosick the various railroads from Albany 
and Troy to Eutland, etc., north, and to Boston, etc., cast, 
form junctions. The Troy and Boston E, E. passes tlirough 
an immense tunnel, driven through the Hoosick Mountains, 
in the south part of the town. Pop. 8,724. 

lIoosioK Falls, p. v., Eensselaer co., Al Y. : on both 
sides of Hoosick r., 20 m. N. E. Albany. The r. here has a 
fall of 40 feet, affording immense water-power. The manu- 



noo 



HOP 



faclures carried on are considerable, and the v. contains at 
least GOO inhabitants. 

HoosicK mountain. Ma.<!s. : lies in Berkshire co., and is 
the source of a branch of Hoosick r. It-s elevation is from 
1.5(10 to 2.000 feet from its base. The Troy and Boston K. K. 
will pass tlirou^h a tunnel in this moimlain. 

lIoosuK (.or Iloosack) river: rises fmni two ]iea<is, one 
having its sources in ISerksIiirc eo., Mass.. and the oilier in 
(he moimlaiu tracts of Bennin£;ton eo.. Verm. ; these unite 
near Iloosiek Falls in New York, and the single stream 
meets the Hudson at Schaghticoke, 15 m. N. Troy. This 
stream in many places is exceedingly rapid, and affords im- 
mense w.iler-power. 

H-'OsiEU Ghove. 1). o., Linn co., Iii. : 14 m. X. Iowa City. 

lIuosiEit Gkove, p. v., Greene co., KVw. ; -i^i m. S. by W. 
Madison. 

HooTENsviLLE. J), v., Tpson CO.. Go. : on the K. side of 
Flint r., 03 m. W. by S. Mille<lgeville. 

lIoovEK UiLL, p. o., Uandolph co., A' Ctir.: 72 m. W. 
Kaleigh. 

Hoover's Point, p. c, Macoupin co., ///. 

UoPAi.KA, p. v., Leake co., Miss. : 53 m. X. E. Jackson. 

Uui'K, p. 0., Stewart county, Te/tit. : Go m. W. N. \V. 
IJashville. 

Hoi'E, p. v., Pickens county, Ala. : on Lubbub cr. of 
Tombigbee r., 13S m. N. W. Montgomery. 

Hope, p. v., Bartholomew co., I/nt: on the S. side of 
Haw cr., 37 m. S. S. E. Indianapolis. It was originally set- 
tled by the Moravians, and now contains about 300 inhab- 
itants. 

Hof'B, t. and p. v., Waldo county, Me. : 31 m. E. S. E. 
Augusta. Drained by St, George's r. and its triljularies, and 
there are several small ponds in the town. Surface flat and 
Boil sandy, but not unfertile. The vUiage is in the E. part. 
Pop. of t. 1,10L 

Hope, t. and p. v., "Warren co., X. J>-r. : 51 m. N. N. W. 
Trenton. Drained by Beaver and other creeks, affluents 
of Delaware r. The v. is on a branch of Beaver, and con- 
tiins about 300 inhabitants. Pop. oft. 1.756. 

Hopt:, t. and p. v., Hamdton co., K Y. : 53 m. N. W. 
Albany. Drained by Sacandaga r. and its tributaries, Slosy 
creek, etc. Surface varied ; soil, except on the rivers, not 
very fertile. Hope village lies on the E. side of Sacandaga 
river, below the eunflueuce of Stony cr. Pop. oft. 7S9. 

Hope, p. v., Franklin co., Ohio : 17 m. X. E. Columbus. 

Hope Centre, p. v., Hamilton co., iV". Y, : on the E. side 
of Sacandaga r., 55 m. N. W. Albany. 

Hopeoale, p. v., Harrison co., Ohio: 102 m. E. by N. 
Coknntuis. 

HopEUALE CoM^r^^^TY settlement, Worcester co., Ma^s. : 
contains a population of ISO souls. The association owns 
50O acres of land, nnd carries on a dozen different branches 
of industry. It is represented to be in a flourishing and 
harmonious condition. 

Hope Falls, p. o., Hamilton county, X. T. : 53 m. N. E. 
Albany. 

Hope Faem, p. o., Louisa county, /(/. ; 3G m. S. S, E. 
Iowa City. 

lIopK Hill, p. o., Pike co,, J/m. ; 7s m. S. Jackson. 

H<.>PE Hill, p. o., Gibson county, Tttin.: 122 m.W. by S. 
Nashville. 

Hope Mill, p. o., Maury county, Tt^itn. : 42 m. S. by "W. 
Nashville. 

HopB Mills, p. o., Page co., Virg. : on Shenandoah r., 
100 m. X. W. r.ichmond. 

Hope Station, p. o., Lexington dist.. A'. Oir. : on the line 
of Uie Greenville and Columbia H. li., 2St m. from Columbia. 

Hopewell, p. v., Mahaska county, Ja.: G4 m. W. S. W. 
Iowa City. 

Hopewell, p. v., Greene county, A(<i. : 9S m. W. N. "W. 
Montgomery. 

Hopewell, p. v., Crawft)rd co., Ga. ; 49 m. W. S. W. 
Milledgevilic. 



Hopewell, p. n., Cbiekasaw co., MibS. : lOS m. N. N. E. 
Jackson. 

Hopewell, t. and p. o., Mercer co., X. Jrr. : IG m. N 
Trenton. Drained by tributaries of Raritan river. Surface 
moderately uneven ; soil good for wheat and grass. The t, 
has several grist, saw, and oil mills, etc.. and 3.G'J6 inhab- 
itants. 

Hopewell, t. and p. v., Ontario county, X. Y.: 172 m 
W. liy N. Albany. Draimd chiefly by tributaries of Canan- 
daigua outlet. Surface rolling; soil, clay loam. The v. is 
a station on the Cananduigua and Elmira 11. R., S miles 
E. by S. of the former place. The t. has some manufactures. 
Pop. 1,923. 

Hopewell, p. v., Jleckl.-riburg county, X. Cm: : 12T m. 
W. S. W. Kabigh. 

Hopewell, t. and p. o., Muskingum co., Ohio: 45 m. E. 
Columbus. Drained by Licking creek and its tributaries. 
Surface diversified ; sod sandy loam and alluvion. The 
viihige is on the National Koad, and contains about 150 
inhat>ilanls. I'op. of t. 2.3sS. 

Hopewell, p. v., Macon co„ IH. : 42 ra. E. Springfield. 

Hopewell, t. and p. v., IJcdfonl county, Peim. : 8^3 m.W". 
Harrisl)urg. Drained by Itaystown I»rai;cb of Juniata river 
and its tributaries. Surface mountainous; soil, cliicfly cal- 
careous loam. Bituminous coal is abundant. Pop. 1,392. 

Hopewell, p. v., Jennings co., l)id. : uu a cr. of Muscala- 
tuk r., Gti m. S. S. K. Indianapolis, 

Hopewell, p. v., York district, S. Car. : SG ni, N. 
Columbia. 

Hopewell, p. c, IJi)shur county, Tex. : 24S m. N. E. 
Austin City. 

Hopewell Cotton-Works, p. o., Chester co., Peiin. ; 67 
m. E. S. E. Harrisburg. 

Hopewell Cross Koads, p. o., Harford co., Md. : on the 
main road between Baltimore and l'liila<lelidiia, where it is 
crossed by the Havre de Grace road, 4 ra. W. of Susque- 
hanna r., and G m. N.W. Havre de Grace. Large droves of 
cattle for the Eastern market pass this point. 

Hopkins county, X>/. Situate W., and contains 62S 
sq. ra. Drained by Green r., its N. E. boundary, Deer and 
Otter creeks, and Pond r., its branches, the last forming its 
E. boundary, and S. by Clear cr., an affluent of the Ohio. 
Surface moderately uneven; soil very good, and in parts 
timbered. Tobacco is the staple, corn an«i wheat yield 
well, and much pork is raised. Farms 1,354; manuf. 10; 
dwell. 1,738, and pop.— wh. 10,199, fr. col. 50, si. 2,192— 
total 13,441. Capital: Madisonville. PuhlicWorks : Nash- 
ville and Henderson R. R. 

Hopkins county, Tex\ Situate N. E., and contains 1,0G4 
sq. m. rirained N. by the S. fork of Suliilmr r. and White Oak 
Bayou, affluents of Red r., and S. by heads of Lake Fork 
of Sabine r. Surface slightly uneven, and in the X. prairie ; 
soil mostly very fertile, generally covered with a dense 
growth of timber, and when cleared gives great returns of 
cotton and corn. Farms 22l ; manuf. ; dwell. 435, and 
pop.— wh. 2,4G9, fr. col. 0; el. 154— total 2,623. Capital. 
Tarrant. 

Hopkins' Gp.ove. p. o., Polk co., la.: a little E. of Des 
Moines r., 117 m. W. bjwa Cily. 

Hopkins' Tup.n Out, p. o., Riehland dist., S. Car.: on 
the Columbia Brunch of the South Carolina R. R., 11 m. 
S. E. Columbia. 

HoPKiNsviLLE, p. v., and cap. Christian co., K'j. : on 
Little r., 16S m. S. W. Frankfort. It contains a court-house, 
jail, etc., 7 or 8 churches, several academies, numerous 
stores and mechanic shops, and about l.SOO inhabitants; 
arid it has two newspapers, the " People's Press" (dem.), and 
the "Green River Whig," both weekly issues. It lies on 
the proposed railroad line from Nashville to Henderson, 

Hopkinsville. p. v.. Warren co., Ohio : about a mile E. 
of the Little Miami R. R., 7G m. S. W. Columbus. It con- 
taitis about 250 inhabitant.**. 

UopKi.NTOS, t. and p. v., Middlesex co., Ma-^-^.: 27 m. 

295 



HOP 



HOf 



"W. 8. W. Boston. Drained by branches of Charles and 
Mill rivers, which have some mill-sites. Surface rough ; soil 
indifferent, but will cultivated. The Boston and Woreesler 
K. E. runs on its N. border. Hopkinton mineral springs 
are much visited in the summer, and are said to be reme- 
dial. The V. is situate centrally. Pop. of t. 2,S02. 

Hopkinton, t. and p. v., Merrimac co., iV. Ilamp. : 7 m. 
"W. Concord. Drained by Contoocook r. and its branches, 
■Warner and Blackwater rivers. Surface diversified ; soil 
on the rivers fertile. The principal v. contains the county 
jail. Contoocookville and West Hopkinton are flourishing 
villages on the W. side of Contoocook r. and on the line of 
the Contoocook Valley R. R. The Concord and Claremont 
K. E. also passes through the town. Immense water-power 
is furnished by the rivers, and manufactories have been es- 
establishcd in all the villages. I'op. of t. 2,169. 

Hopkinton, t. and p. v., St. Lawrence co., K. T. : 140 m. 
N. N. W. Albany. Drained by the Racket and St. Regis 
rivers. Surface in the S. hilly and sterile, and in the N. levtd 
and fertile. The t, is about 85 m. long from N. to S., and 
about 8 m. wide ; but is scarcely inhabited in the S. part. 
The V. in the N. part of the t. contains about 200 iiilial'it- 
ants. In the t. there are numerous grist and saw mills, 
tanneries, etc. Pop. 1,470. 

Hopkinton, t. and p. v., Washington co., Ji. I. : 32 m. 
B. W. Providence. Drained by Wood r. and other afflu- 
enta of Charles and Pawcatuck rivers, which afford valu- 
able water-power. Surface low and level; soil fertilf, 
adapted to grain and grazing. The t has cotton, woolen, 
and iron manufactures. The celebrated Brand's Iron 
Works are on Wood river. Hopkinton City is a floxu-ishing 
V. on a branch of Charles r., in the S. part of the town. Pop. 
2,478. Pawcatuck r. has productive fisheries of shad and 
alcwives, 

Hopper'8 Mills, p. o., Henderson co., lU. : 9S m. N. W. 
Springfield. 

HoEicox, t. and p. v., "Warren county, N. Y. : 67 m. N. 
All)any. Drained by numerous lake creeks. Brandt Lake 
is wholly within this t., and Schroon Lake partly so — both 
have their outk-ls in the Schroon r., which bounds it on the 
W. Surface hilly and mountainous ; soil indifferent, except 
on the alluviala of the streams. The v. lies in the S. part, 
and is a small agricultural settlemenL Pop. of t, 1,152. 

HoRicoN, p. v., Dodge co.., Wise, : on Rock r., 49 m. 
N. E. Madison. 

HonNnKOOK, p. c, Bradford county , Fenn. : 109 m. N. 
Earrisburg. 

Hornby, t. and p. v., Steuben co., A\ Y. : 164 ra. W. by S. 
Albany. Drained by creeks of Conhocton rivers. Surface 
somewhat hilly ; soil of average fertility. Pop. 1,314, 

HoRNELLSTiLLE, t. and p. V., Stcubon CO., N. Y.: 19G m. 
"W. by S. Albany. Drained by Cani.steo r. and its tribu- 
taries. Surface hilly and broken, but mostly arable. The 
V. lies on the Canisteo r., on the line of the New York and 
Erie R. E., and at the point where the Buffalo and New 
York City E. E. diverges. There are large workshops 
here, several stores, and about 1,200 inhabitants. Pop. 
of t. 2,637. 

HoRNEKSTOWN, p. T., Occan CO., 2^\ Jer.: 39 m. S. E. 
Trenton. 

Hornet's Nest, p. o., Meckleuburgh co., y. Cat: : 133 m. 
"W. S. W. Ealeigh. 

noRNSBORouGii, p. V., ChcstcrficId dist., S. Ca}\ : 79 m. 
N. E. Columbia. 

Horntown, p, v., Accomac co., Vit'(/. : 112 m. E. by N. 
Richmond. 

Horry district, S. Car. Situate E., and contains 1.071 
eq. m. Lies on the Atlantic Ocean, which is its S. E. bound- 
ary, and drained by "Waecamaw r., which crosses the county 
from N. E. to S. \V., and branches of Lillle Pee Dee r., 
■fthich f»)rins lis W. boundary. Surface low and level; soil 
of moderate fertility, consisting in parts of marshes well 
adapted to rice growing. Corn, rice, and cotton are staples. 
296 



Farms 731 ; manuf. 7 ; dwell. 9S0, and pop.— wli. 5,521, fr* 
col. 50, si. 2,075— total 7,646. Capital : Conwaysboro.' 

IIor.SE Creek, p. o., Lexington dist,, S. Car. 

Horse Creek, p. o., Dadu county, Jfo. : 12S m. S. "W. 
Jefferson City. 

Horse Creek, p. o., Will county, III.: 123 m. N. E. 
Springfield. 

Horse Ckeek, p. c, Greene county, Tenn.: 226 m. E. 
Nashville. 

IIoESE Creek, p. c, Rutherford co., 2^. Car. : 18S m. 
TV. S. ^y. Raleigh. 

Horse Head, p. o., Johnson co., Ark.: on a creek of 
Arkansas r. so called, 91 m. "W. N. W. Little Rock. 

IIorsE Head, p. o., Macon county, Ga. : 76 m. 8. "W. 
MlUedgevilie. 

Horse Heap, p. o.. Prince George's co., Md. 

Horse pASTt'itE, p. o., Henry co., Virg. : 14S m.W. S.W. 
Richmond. 

Horse Pe>% p. o., Choctaw co., Miss. : 97 m. N. N. E. 
Jackson. 

Horse Shoe, p. c, Pickens dist., S. Car.: on a fork of 
Tugaloo r.,144 W. N. W. Columbia. . 

HoRSR Shoe Benp, p. o., Tallapoosa co., Ala.: on tho 
Tallapoosa river, at the bend so called, 42 m. N. E. Mont^ 
gomery. 

Horse Shoe Bottom, p. o., Eussell co., Ky. : on the S. side 
of Cumberland r., S7 m. S. Frankfort. 

HoRSEHAM, t. and p. v., Montgomery co., Penn. : 97 m. 
E. Harrisburg. Drained by Neshaminy and Pennypack 
creeks. Surface level ; soil calcareous loam. The v. called 
Horseham Square, in the centre of the t., has a Fricnd'a 
meeting-house, and about a dozen dwellings. Pop. of t, 
1,209. 

Horsey'b Cross Roads, p. c, Sussex co., Dd. : 37 m. S. 
Dover. 

Horton*s Valley, p. o., Eusseli county, Yirg. : 278 m. 
AV. S. W. Richmond. 

Hortonville, p. v.. Brown co., Wise: 118 m. N. N. E. 
Madison. 

HoSENSACK, p. 0., Lehigh co., Peiin. : 82 m. E. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Hoskiksville, p. v., Jflorgan co., Ohio : 69 m. E. by S. 
Columbus. 

HoTcnKissviLLE, p. 0., Litchflcld co., Conn. : between 
the branches of Pamperang r., 32 m. W. S. W. Hartford. It 
is a small manufacturing village of some 300 inhabitants. 

Hotel, p. o., Bertie co., J^. Car. : lOl m. E. Raleigh. 

Hot House, p. o., Gilmer county, Ga.: 137 m, N, "W. 
Milledgcviile. 

Hot Springs county. Ark. Situate S. centrally, and con- 
tains 969 sq. m. Drained centrally and W. by Washita r., 
and E. by Saline r., a branch of the Washita, and the E. 
line of the co. Surface high and broken, with level river 
bottoms; soils fertile, excellent com land, and the best of 
pasturage. Cattle and grain are the staples. It contains 
vast dei>ositea of coal and celebrated hot mineral springs. 
Farms 320 ; manuf. 10 ; dwell. 579, and pop.— wh. 3,237, fr. 
col. 11, si. 861— total 3,609. Capital : RockporU PuUic 
Works : Little Rock and Shreveport R. E. 

Hot Springs, p. v., and former cap. Hot Springs co., 
Ark: : 47 m. W. S. W. Little Rock. It is u v. of some 200 
inliabilauts. Here are a large number of hot springs break- 
ing from the W. side of a mountain, and flowing into a 
small cr. of the Washita r., which is 6 m. S. of the Springs. 
The temperature of the several springs vary from 110° to 
ISOoPahr. About 3 m. N. E. are the chalybeate springs, 
the waters of which are cold; and in Montgumery co., 
about3u in. W. by N., are also sulphur sprijigs. The whole 
neighborhood is of volcanic formation, and affords fine 
scenery, which, in conjunction with the remedial properties 
of the waters, have a happy effect on the broken-down 
constitution. 

Hot Springs, p. v., Bath co., Yirg. : 12S m. "W. N. W. 



IIOU 



HOU 



Eichniond. Here is n Kishionable w:ittTiiig-|ilacc, willi 
CTcry acooramoiiation for travel or snj.niru. I>r. Itogcrs's 
analysis of 64 cubic inches of the water gives the solid mat- 
ters contained therein as follows — carbonate of lime, 4-S2 
grains ; sulphate of lime, 1-5"^ ; sulpllate of soda. 92 ; sul- 
phate of magnesia, tV5T ; muriate of soda. 37; and silica, 
0-05. There are six baths, and the hot pool or bath ranges 
from 100° to 107° Fahr. There is a hot spout for ladies, and 
one for gentlemen, of the temperature of 1C6° Fahr., with 
a fall of about 5 feet. The effleaey of these spouts in cases 
of local physical derangement is well established — tlieir 
curative properties being much more rapid in action than 
if not thermal. 
Horcic's Store, p. o.. Carroll co., .V</. 
HouQU's Stoke, p. o., Jasper co., Miss. : CG m. E. by 8. 
Jackson. 

IIocGiTTON county. Jfic^L Situate on the Upper Penin- 
sula, in the extreme N., and contains 1.910 sq. m. It con- 
sists principally of a large peninsula, extending N. E. into 
Lake Superior, between which and the S. part lies a large 
bay, bearing the same name — Keewaiwona Bay. It has 
many small streams flowing into the bay, and lake — on the 
E. side Yellow Dog. Pine, Huron, Sturgeon, Kussell's, and 
Tobaoen rivers ; on the N. and W., Lower Montreal, Eagle, 
Salmon Trout, Elm, Misery, and Sleeping rivers. Surface 
much diversifled, parts beiug rough and rocky, and parts 
cut up by numerous inlets of the lake. It has many lakes 
or ponds, the largest of wliich. Portage Lake, extends 
across the peninsula to a mile of the N. W. coast, over 
which the Indians and hunters carry then' canoes — whence 
the name. The agricultural resources of the co. have been 
little examined .as yet. It has much good timber and water- 
power. But itschief wealth is in its minerals, principally cop- 
per. Here, in immense masses, the purest and best of copper 
is found. The mines are of indeflnite extent, and of surpris- 
ing richness, and the amount exported is immense, though 
but a small part is yet wrought. Farms l!i; manuf. 5; dwell. 
IIG. and pop.— wh. 707, fr. col. 1— total 708. Cii,j/ihl : Eagle 
Itiver. FiMicWorks : Green Bay and Copper Harbor E.R. 
IIorGiiTONViLLE, p. v., "Windham Co., Venti.: 93 m. S. 
Montpelier. 

HouLKA, p. o., Chickasaw Co., Mi^s. : 123 m. N. N. E. 
Jackson. 

HouLTOx, t., p. v., and cap. Aroostook co., 3/e. : 163 m. 
N. E. Augusta. It lies on the New Brunswick boundary. 
Drained by Meduxnekeag r., a branch of the St. John. 
Surface elevated and level ; soil generally fertile. The v. is 
located on the E. bank of the r., and about a mile N. is the 
old United States barracks. Stages from Bangor run daily. 
Pop. 1,453— in 1S40 it was 1,697— decrease consequent on 
the abandonment of the garrison. 

HotniA, p. v., and cap. Terre Bonne par.. La. : on Bayou 
Terra Bonne, 64 m. S. S. E. Baton liouge. 

HonSATONic, p. v., Berkshire co., Jfasfi.: on the "W. side 
of Housatonic r., and on the line of the Ilousatonic R. E., 
90 m. from Bridgeport. 

Housatonic river, J/a-s.?. and Conn, : rises by two branches 
in the towns of Lanesboro' and Windsor, Berkshire co., 
Mass., and these meet at Pittsfleld. where the river forms : 
it then passes S., and enters Connecticut, and meets the tide 
14 m. above its entrance into Long Island Sound. Its 
sources are more than 1,000 feet above the ocean ; and in 
its course of 150 miles it afforils numerous mill sites, and 
has on its banks many pleasant villages and seats of 
manufacturing industry. The volume of water is not ordi- 
narily large, but in seasons of flood its valley is inundated, 
and the soil fertilized by the alluvion deposited by the 
waters. The scenery is everywhere beautiful ; in some 
places it is enchanting. At Canaan there is a fall of 60 feet 
perpendicular. The name of the river, an Indian appella- 
tive, signifies " over the mountain-s.^^ 

IIorsF. Ceeek, p. o., Irwin Co.. Oa.: onacr. of Ockmulgee 
r. so called, SS m. S. MiiledgevUle. 

02 



House's Springs, p. o., Jcflerson co., Mu.: about a m. E. 
Big r., an.l S7 m. E. by 3. Jeflerson City. 
IIousEviLLE, p. v., Lewis CO., K Y. : 103 ra. N. W. Albany. 
HonsToN county, Ga. Situate S. W. centrally, and eon- 
tains 549 sq. m. Bounded E. by Ockmulgee r., auil drained 
by its affluents Big Indian and Mossy creeks ami Echecouno 
r. Surface various; soils very fertile and productive of corn, 
wheat, and cotton. F.-irms 750; manuf. 23; dwell. 1,1-5S, 
and pop.— wh. 6,512, fr. col. 14, si. 9,924— total 16,450. 0:p- 
itul: Perry. ruliUa Works: South- Western K. P,., and 
Muscogee R. R. 

lIuuSTOX county, Ter. Situate E. centrally, and contains 
1,362 sq. m. It lies between Xeches r. on the K. and I'rinity 
r. on the W.. and is drained by Elkhart cr.. Ilurrieano 
Bayou, Carigo, Lost, Negro, "Wright's, and White Rock 
creeks of the latter, and San Pedro, Walnut, ami Connor's 
creeks, and Coehino Bayou of the former. Surface level, 
or gently undulating; soil on the Trinity of the best in the 
Stale, on the Neehcs rather lighter and more sandy. 
Hickory uplands cover much of the co., and afl'ord rich 
corn and cotton lands. Petrified trees are frequently met 
witli, and iron ore of good quality is found. Cotton is the 
staple. Farms 192; manuf. 0; dwell. 357, and pop.— wh. 
2,030, fr. col. 12, si. 073— total 2,721. Ciipitol : Cti .ckett. 

Houston, p. v., Heard co., (?«. ; 113 m. W. by X. 
MiUedgeville. 

Houston, p. o., .Tackson co., Ind. : on a branch of Salt cr., 
51 ni. S. Indianapolis. 

Houston, p. v., Adams county, lU. : "S m. W. N. Vf. 
Springfield. 

Houston, p. v., Marion co., 31b. : a little N. of South 
Fabius r., 96 m. N. by E. .Jefl'erson City. 

HotKToN, p. o., and cap. Chickasaw co., Jliss. ■■ on the 
head of Chuckaluekee cr. of Tombigbeo r., I'i7 m. N. E. 
Jackson. It contains a court-house, jail, etc.. ami ab.mt 600 
inhabitants; and three newspapers are published here, the 
"Southern Argus" (state rights), the "Southcni Patriot" 
(whig), and the " Cliickasaw Republican" (dem. ). .all weekly 
issues. Houston is a thriving v., and has a fine neighborhood. 
Houston, p. v., Shelby county, OMo: il m. \V. N. W. 
Columbus. 

Houston, p. o., Alleghany county, Penu.: 173 m. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Houston, p. v., Wayne co.. Tfim. : on Indian cr. of Ten- 
nessee r., 85 m. 8. S. W. Nashville. 

Houston, p. v., and cap. Harris co., T<a: : on Bufliilo 
Bayou, at the head of steam navigation and directly op- 
posite White Oak Bayou, 163 m. E. S. E. Austin City. It 
w:ts cnmmenced in October, 15.36, and in November the old 
capitul was founded, and in the May following Congress 
held its first session in that building. In front of the city is 
a line wharf 6110 feet long, afibrding ample accommoilalion 
for its business. This wharf is flanked by two cotton press™, 
erected by individual enterprise. The public buildings arc 
Episcopal, Presbyterian, Baptist, Catholic, and Methodist 
churches, each denomination one, a good market-house, 
and a jail. Regular stages run twice a week for Austin and 
San Antonio, and for Nacogdoches and the Sabine. There 
is a very large country business transacted, and several of 
its merchants have acquired large fortunes. The heavy 
business is done chiefly on Main Street, which faces the 
wharves on the bayou. There are in the city 16 large firms 
that advance capital to planters, and are reimbursed by the 
next crops. There are also many engaged in the grocery 
and provision business, and several extensive commission 
merchants, druggists, warehousemen, etc. Houston pos- 
sesses superior advantages for maiml'acturing, and may at 
some future time become important in that braiu'h of in- 
dustry. At present all her manufactured articles are pur- 
chased from the North and carried in sleaiuboats up iho 
bayou. There arc five newspapers published here, Iho 
"Morning Star" (.lent.), tri-weekly, and the "Telegraph 
and Texas Register" (dem.), the " Houston OaEclie" (dcmj 

297 



nou 

the '• Comraeri-ial Advertiser" (whig), and the "Wcsleyan 
Banner" (relii;.), all weekly Issues. It is proposed to huild 
a branch railroad, 60 m. long, from this point to the Brazos 
Valley, where it will form a junction with the Ecd Elver 
and Galveston E. E. Pop. 6,000. Houston takes its name 
from Gen. Sam Houston, leader of the Te.\an army during 
the revolution— her first president as an independent state, 
and one of her present senat<prs— a man, a soldier, and a 
statesman, worthy of the highest honors that the people 
can confer. 

IIousTox, p. v., and .cap. Texas co., Mo. : 9T m. S. by E. 
Jefferson City. 
Houston-, p. v., Bourbon eo., Jlj/. : 37 m. E. Frankfort. 
Houston's Stoee, p. o., Morgan co., Ala. : 162 m. N. N.W. 
Montgomery. 

HousTo.NTiLLK, p. V., Iredell co., iK Car.: 127 m. W. 
Ealeigh. 

Howard county, /«<?. Situate N. centrally, and contains 
290 sq. m. Brained by 'Wild Cat cr. and its branches, a 
tributary of Wabash r. Surface level or slightly undulat- 
ing, and soil uniformly rich. Timber is abundant, and com, 
■wheat, and the grasses grow finely. This county lies wholly 
on the Miami Eeserves, and is not fully settled. Farms 
748; manuf. 26; dwell. 1,190, and pop.— wh. 6,615, fr. col. 
42— total 6,667. Capital : Kokomo (or Cocomo). PuUie 
Wurtcs: Indianapolis and Peru E. E.; Andersontown and 
Logausport E. E. 

lIowAKD county, la. Situate N. E., and contains 482 
eq. m. Drained by Upper Iowa r. and heads of Turkey r., 
both affluents of the Mississippi. Unorganized in ISoO. 

UowAHD county, Md. Situate centrally on W. shore, and 
contains 226 sq. m. It lies between Patapsco and Patux- 
cnt rivers, and is drained by tlicir afflneuts. Surface undu- 
lating, and intersected by numerous creeks, which afl'ord 
good water-power; soil mostly prodoctive, with some waste 
land. This county W.-M a part of Anne Arundel in ISSO, 
and the census of that comprises both. Capital: EUicott's 
Mills. PuUic Works : Baltimore and Ohio E. E. 

HoWAim county. Mo. Situate N. centrally, and contains 
453 sq. ni. Bounded S. and S.W. by the Missouri, and drain- 
ed by Great Manitou and Bonne Femme rivers, its afflu- 
ents. Surface varied, with some hills, and considerable 
water-power; soil excellent, yielding fine crops of com and 
wheat, and some tobacco ; it is admirably adapted to graz- 
ing. Farms 1,105 ; manuf. 83 ; dwell. 1,635, and pop— wh 
9,040, fr. col. 39, si. 4,S90. Capital : Fayette. 

UowAED, p. v., Parke CO., hid. : on Mill cr, near its en- 
trance into the Wabash, and at the point where it is crossed 
by the Canal, 63 m. W. N. W. Indianapolis. 

Howard, t. and p. v., Steuben co., N. Y.: ISS m. W. 
Albany. Drained by creeks of Canisteo and Conhocton 
rivers. Surface undulating; soil clay-loam and fertile. 
The V. contains about 260 inhabitants. Pop. of t. 8,244. 

Howard, t. and p. o., Centre co., Penn.: 82 m. N. W. 
Harrisburg. Drained by Bald Eagle cr. and its tributaries] 
and by Marsh and Beach creeks. Surface mountainous,' 
the main ridge of the Alleghanies passing through it. 
Pop. 1,627. 

Howard's, p. c, Waukesha county, Wise : 62 m. E. 
Madison. 

Howard's, St., Bibb co., Ga. : on tlie Macon and Western 
E. E., 6 m. W. by N. Macon. 

Howard's Grote, p. o., Sheboygan co.. Wise: 92 m. 
N. E. Madison. 

Howard's Point, p. o., Fayette co.. III. : on the National 
Eoad, 69 m. S. E. Springfield. 

Howard's Vallev, p. o., Windham co., Conn. : 27 m. 
E. by N. Hartford. 

H0WARDSTIL1.E, p. T., Stephenson co., III. : 177 m. N. 
Springfield. 

IIowARDsviLLE, p. V., Albemarle county, Yirg. : 76 m. 
W. K. W. Eichmond. 
Howell, t., p. v., and cap. Livingston co., Mich. : 30 m. 
298 



HUD 



E. S. E. Lansing. Drained by the heads of Shiaw.Tjsee 
and Cedar rivers. The v. is situate on the Grand Eiver 
Turnpike ; it contains the county buildings, several stores 
and mills, and about 400 inhabitants; and has a news- 
paper, the "Livingston Courier," published weekly. 
HowELL'6 DecOt, p. o.. Orange co., X'. Y. 
UowEiA's Sprikgs, p. o., Hardin co., £1/. : 69 m.W. S.W. 
Frankfort. 

HowELLSviiLE, p. T., Eobeson county, jV. Car. ; 77 m. 
S. by W. Ealeigh. 

HowELLsviLLE, p. v., Delaware co., Penn. : S7 m. E. S. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Howell Works, p. v.,Monmonth co., Al Jer.: on Man- 
asquan r., 37 m. E. by S. Trenton. Here are extensive 
iron works, and a number of dwellings and stores for the 
workers. 

Howe's, p. 0., Concordia par., Za. : S7 m. N. N. W 
Baton Eouge. 

HowLAND, t. and p. 0., Penobscot co.. Me. : 86 m. N. N. E. 
Augusta. Drained by Piscataquis r. and its tributaries, the 
Penobscot forming the E. boundary. Surface varies, with 
wide intervales on the rivers. The v. lies on the W. side 
of the Penobscot, opposite Enfield. Pop. 214. 

EowLAND, t. and p. v., Trumbull co., 0/do: 143 m.N.E. 
Columbus. Drained by Mahoning and Mosquito rivers, 
the latter of which runs from N. to S. Ihrougli the town. 
Surface diversified ; soils of average fertility." The v. lies 
about a mile E. of Mosquito r., and is a small settlement. 
Pop. of t. 919. 

HowLET Hill, p. o., Onondaga county, A' Y. : 120 ni. 
W.N. W.Albany. 

HoYsviLLE, p. v., Loudon co., Yirg. : on Kittoctan cr., 

126 m. N. Eichmond. It contains several flouring mills, etc. 

HrsnABD, t. and p. o., Trumbull co., Ohio: 151 m. N. E. 

Columbus. Drained by tributaries of Shenaugo r. It is a 

fi«e agricultural township, and contains 1,272 inhabitants. 

HuUBARD's Corners, p. o., Madison CO., A". Y. : 94 m. 
W. by N. Albany. ' 

HuBBAEDSTON, t. and p. v., Worcester Co., Mass.: 61 m. 
W. by N. Boston. Drained by Ware r. and its tributaries, 
on which are fine mill-sites. Surface various ; soil iudifl'cr- 
ent, but well cultivated. The v. contains about 400 inhab- 
itants. Po]). of 1. 1,827. 

HuBBABDTox, t. and p. c, Eutland co., Veiiii. : 53 m. 
S. S. W. Montpelier. Drained by Hubbardton cr. and sev- 
eral streams of Bombazine Lake, all which empty into 
Castlcton r. of Lake Champlain, and also by creeks of Onion 
river. Surface uneven and rough— in some parts mounts 
ainous, and soil indifferent, but good for grass. The v. is 
central. Pop. of t. 701. 
IIuBBLEToN, p. o., Jefferson CO., Wise. : 87 m. E. Madison. 
Hublersburgu, p. v.. Centre county, Penn. : 88 m. N. W. 
Harrisburg. 

IIuDDLKSTON, p. T., Pike county. Ark. : 97 m. W. S. W. 
Little Eock. 

HuDDLESTON, p. 0., Eapidcs parish, Za. : 102 m. N. W. 
Baton Eouge. 

UuDDLESTON Cross Eoads, p. o., Wilson co., Tenn.: 26 
m. E. Nasiivilie. 

Hudson county, A' ./«•. Situate N. E., and contains 66 
sq. m. Drained by Haekensack r. and Passaic r., both 
emptying into Newark Bay, and the latter its W. as the 
Hudson is its E. boundary. Surface diversified, with high land 
in the N., and in the S. swamps ; soil good. In the W. near the 
Passaic, is an old copper-mine, called the Sluy\-esant Mine, 
which w!is wrought as early as 1731. The E. portion is fa^t 
changing into a suburb of the great metropolis opposite iL 
Farms 2,M ; manuf. 52; dwdl. 2, SOI, and pop.— wh. 21,319, 
fr. col. 500, si. 2— total 21,821. Capital : North Bergen. 
PiMic Works : New Jersey E. E. ; Union E. E., and Mor- 
ris Canal. 

Hudson, p. v., La Porte co., Iml.: 183 m. N. by W. 
Indianapolis. The Indiana Northern K.E, passes through it 



nuD 



HUF 



Hudson, p. v., M'CIean co., lU. : 6G m. N. E. Spriiif^flL-ld. 

IIuDsoN, L anil p. 0., Lenawee co., Mk-h. : GO m. S. hy E. 
Lansing. Draini'd by Bear cr., TiJnn's cr., whicli afl'onls 
extensive water-power. Tlic v. lies on Us W. bank, ami is 
intersected by tlie Michigan Southern 11. II., 54 m. Irom 
Uonrue. Top. oft. 1,544. 

IIiDSON, t. and p. v., IlilUborougli co., X. /Tump. ; 84 ra. 
S. t)y E. Concord. Drains into IhcMfrriinae. which makes 
its AV. border, and over \\ hieh is a bridy,'e In lJl!it_-*s St;il.i»tn. 
Surface level and fertile on the streams, Imt olherw ise liilly 
and broken. The v. lies on llie outlet of a small pund cen- 
trally. Pup. oft. 1,-312. 

JIunsuN, p. cily, port, and cap. Columbia co., X. K ; at 
the liead of ship navigation, and on the E. side of iludaoa 
river, -jg m. S. Albany. Lat. 42° 14' N., and U^ng. 73° 46' W., 
845 m. N. K. Washington. Fronting un the river, opposite 
Athens, is a promontory, rising 60 feet above the water, 
which has been formed into a promenade, commanding an 
extensive view, and ou ei'.her side of this is a spacious bay, 
with sufficient depth of water for the largest shipping. The 
city is regularly laid out, and the streets, with the exception 
of those near the shore, cross each other at right angles. 
The main street extends S. E. for more than a mile, to Pros- 
pect Ilill, 200 feet high, to which the ground rises. On the 
N. side of this street, toward its upper end, is a public 
Bquare, and there is another, on which the court-house 
stands, in the S. partof the city ; this building isllG feet long, 
the central part 40 by 60 feet, and the height 60 feet, sur- 
mounted by a dome, and entered by a portico of 6 Ionic 
columns, and the wings are 34 feet front, 4U feet deep, and 
two stories high. There are numerous churches in the 
city, many of them handsome and substantial structures, 
and also several highly efficient institutions of learning. 
The Hudson Lunatic Asylum is situate on State-street, facing 
the courl-huuge on the S., and is a very useful and lloiiriab- 
iug inslilulion. Hudson is supplied with water by a com- 
pany from a spring at the foot of BecralVs Mountain. For- 
nn-rly the city Iiad a large "West India trade, but this has 
been superseded by the whale-fishing business, in which it 
lias several ships engaged. Its river trade is very consider- 
able, and it is the market fur a large back country. It has 
several steamboats, barges, etc., employed, and the Kew 
York and Albany steamers usually make this a stopping- 
place: a steam ferry connects it with Alliens. The Hudson 
liiver E. K. passes through it, and the Hudson and Berk- 
shire II. It. connects it with tlie Western E. E., and thence 
with New England. With regard to its manufactures, Hud- 
son has great facilities from the water-power in its neigh- 
borhood ; some of its manufacturing establishments — 
numbering 77 in all — are extensive and valuable, it has 1 
daily paper, 5 weeklies, and 1 semi-monthly ; the " Morning 
Star" (neutral), is issued daily ; the " Columbia llepublican" 
(whig), the *'H. Gazette" (ilem.), the "Democratic Free- 
man'' (free soil), the " Washingtonian'' (temp.), and the 
"Columl>ia County Journal" (whig), are weeklies; and the 
semi-monlhly is tlte " Eural llepublican" (literary). The 
number of houses in the city in 1S50 was So2, and the inhab- 
itants G.'214. Hudson was sftlled in 17s3 by Thomas Jenkins 
and others, chiefly Quakers from ilassacbusetts and Ehode 
Island. In 17s5 it was chartered as a city. 

Hudson, hand p. v., Summit co., Ohio: 11" m. N. E. 
Columbus. Drained by numerous creeks flowing in several 
directions to the Cuyahoga r. Surface elevated and rolling; 
soil clay loam, very fertile in grass and grain. The village 
is pleasantly located on a plain, from which the ground 
rises toward the N. It contains several stores, and about 
600 inhabitants. The Ckvehmd and i'ittsburg E. E. i)asses 
through it 26 m. from Cleveland, and from it diverges the 
Akron Branch R. E. Hudson is the seat of the Western 
Reserve College, founded in 1826, and which is under 
rrcHbyierian supervision: it has a Ihoologieal department. 
The College has s professors, and in ISoO had ISl alumni 
and 57 students, with a library of S,000 volumes; and the 



theological department liad 8 professors and 14 students. 
The periodicals published here are the " Ohio Observer'' 
(relig.), and the *' Family Visitor" (literary)— the first a 
weekly ami the latter a semi-monthly issue. The t. is chiefly 
agricultural. Fop. of t. 1,457. 

Hudson, p. o.. Franklin co.. Ga.: on Hudson's Fork of 
Broad r., S3 m. >J. Milletlgeville. 

Hudson (or North) river, A'. )■: ; one of the most import- 
ant rivers of the United Stales, though in length and volume 
of water it is much less than many others. It was discov- 
ered in 1600 by llen*lrieh Hudson, whose name it bears, and 
it is supposed that he explored il as far as Albany. The 
Hudson rises by two main branches in the mountains W. 
of lakes Champlain and George; the E. or Schroon branch 
passes through Schroon Lake, and the other branch rises 
farllier W. by various head streams, the twt) uniting in the 
S. part of Warren co., about 40 m. from their rc.-'i>eclive 
sources. After a course of 15 m. S., the Hudson receives 
Sacandaga river; it then runs E. by S. 15 m. to Iladley's 
Falls, and thence 20 m. N. by E.to Glen's Falls; it then 
flows S. 40 m., and receives from the W. its principal tribu- 
tary, the Mohawk. Its fail in this distance is 147 feel ; 
thence running a little W. of S. 15G m., it enters the ocean 
at Sandy Hook. The whole length of the river fnm its 
sources to its entrance into New York Bay, is a little over 
300 m. ; and so straight is the river between Albany and 
New York, that the distance by water is less than that by 
land. The influence of the tide is felt a little above Albany, 
though it properly does not How so far. It is navigable for 
large ships IIS m. above New York, to Hudson, and for 
sloops and large steamers to Albany, 145 m. Sloops and 
steamboats proceed 6 m. farther to Troy, and sloops, by a 
dam and lock, to Waterford, b m. above Albany. Through 
a considerable part of its course its banks are elevatei.1, i>ar- 
ticularly on the W. aide, and^in some parts are high, rocky, 
and precipitous. The Hudson Kiver E. E, skirls its E. 
shore, and often is carried into tlie river on embankments. 
No part of the Union presents more picturesque sceuery 
than the banks of the Hudson, and the passage through llie 
Highlands, 53 m. above New York City, is grand — here the 
mountains, over 1,400 feet high, come down to the very 
margin of the stream. New York owes much of its i)re- 
emincnt advantages to this noble river; being connected 
with the great western lakes by the Erie Canal and several 
lines of railroad, and with Lake Champlain and Canada 
also by both canal and railroad, and with Delaware r. and 
the coal region of Pennsylvania — by the Delaware and 
Hudson Canal, it becomes the main trunk of an immense 
commerce; it forms, indeed, one of the great eouueeting 
links of the chain which binds the East and West, and bears 
upon its bosom in llie noblest steamers the world ever saw, 
and in a vast number of other craft, the traveler and the mer- 
chandise to and from the American metropolis. As might 
have been expected, its banks are lined by many large and 
flourishing cities and villages, the principal of which on the 
E. side, are Troy, Hudson, Pougbkeepsie, and New York; 
and on the W . side, Albany, Catskill, and Newburg. Its wa- 
ters were the theatre of the first ftuccefififul atlerapt to apply 
steam to the propelling of vessels, and the very first to witness 
the application of caloric to the same purposes. The one 
dates from ISOS, and immortalizes the names of Fulhm and 
Livingston, and tiie latter from January, 1S53, immortal iziug 
the name of Ericsson. Little did those who saw the coin- 
raeneement of the era of steam navigation dream of the ex- 
tent of its application to the jjurpose of commerce: and as 
little may the lookers-on of lo-day foresee the vastness of the 
project just initiated by the later discovery. 

HuDsoNviLLE, p. V., Brcckenridge co., A'l/.: on the N. 
side of Eough cr., 91 m. W. S. W. Frankfort. 

HuDsoNviLi-E, p. v., Marshall co., Mi-w. ; 17G m. N. by E. ^ 
Jackson. 

Huff's Cp-eek, p. o., Logan county, Vi/ff.: 247 la. W 
Eichmond. 



HUG 



HUN 



HuaGiN's Crkek, p. o., M'Nairy county, Term.: 122 m. 
S. W. Nashville. 

llroiiESviLi.K. p. v., Lycoming co., Penii. : on Muncy cr., 
C7 m. N. Harrishurg. 

nuGiiEsviLLE, p. v., Loudon CO., Tirff. : 114 m. N. by W. 
Eichmonti. 

lIionsoNviLLE, p.v.,I)uchessco., A'. }'. .-76 m. S.Albany. 
It contains about 35 <lweiling8. 

IIl-gtenot, p. v.. Orange county, iV^ }' ; 92 m. S. S. W. 
Ail>any. 

IIui.BEKTON, p. v., Orleans co., N". Y. : on the line of the 
Erie Canal. 214 m. W. by N.Albany. It contains several 
stores and about 800 inhabitants. 

Hull, t. and p. v., Plyraoulh co., J/fis«. ; 11 m. E. S. E. 
Boston— occupies a long, narrow peninsula, forming the 
S. E. boundary of Boston Harbor. The village is situate on 
Nanlaskct Head. Salt is manufactured in the town. Pop- 
ulation 253. 

Hulls, p. o., Athens co., Ohio : 63 m. S. E. Columbus. 

Hull's Corners, p. o., Oswego co., 2f. Y. : 14G ni.W..N. W. 
Albany. 

Hill's Mills, p. o., Duchess co., JV! Y.: 51 m. S. Albany. 

HuLMEsviLLE, p. V., Bucks CO., Ptuu. : lor m. E, S. E. 
Harrislmrg. 

HiMASSViLLE, p. v., Polk CO., Mo. : 9T m. S.W. Jefferson 
City. 

Humboldt county, Ta. Situate N. W. centrally, and con- 
tains 576 sq. m. Drained by several head streams of Des 
Moines r. Unorganized in 1S50. 

Humboldt, v., Trinity co., Calif. : on the E. side of Hum- 
boldt Harbor, opposite its entrance to the Pacific ocean, and 
about 200 m. N. N. W. Vallejo. There is a v. called West 
Humboldt at the N. of the entrance to the bay. These are 
small and uncertain seltlementa, 

Humboldt harbor, OiUf. : a large bay, on the coast of 
California, the entrance of which is in lat. 4(|0 44' N. It was 
discovered in 1S50 by the gold hunters, and it is said that a 
considerable quantity of gold has been collected in its neigh- 
borliood. Some eetllements have been made on its shores. 

HuMBOLT>T lake, Ut-ah Ter. : a large lake in the California 
desert, in about lat. 40° 15' N., and long. IISO 20' W,, and 
the recipient of Humboldt r. It has no outlet. 

Humboldt mountaiNs, Vt<ih Ter.: a chain of bills so 
called, extending between the 118th and llDlb meridian, 
nn.l from about 39° to 41° 41' N. lat. The Humboldt r. has 
its sources in the W. slope of this range. 

Humboldt river, Utah Ter.: a river rising about 118^ 
W. long., in the Humboldt Iliver mountains. It has a tor- 
tuous course 9. and W. until it falls into Humboldt Lake. 
Tiie valley of this river is the route usually pursued by the 
overland emigration between the Salt Lake and Califurnia. 

Hume, t. and p. v., Alleghany county. ]s^. Y.: 217 m. AV. 
Albany. Drained by tributaries of Genesee r., which 
passes through it. Surface undulating ; soil clay loam, very 
fertile. Hume is a small agricultural village. Pop. of t. 
2,478. 

Humility, p. o., Pulaski county, Virg. : 192 m. W. by S. 
Richmond. 

HuMMELSTowN, p. b., Daupliln co., Penn.: on Swatara 
cr., 9 m. E. Ilarrisburg. Pop. 620. 

Humphreys county, Tenn. Situate N, W.. and contains 
B19 sq. m. Boundeil W. by Tcnnes-see r., and «irained by 
ifci affluents, Turkey cr., Iliehland er., Bay cr.. Duck r., etc. 
Surface mostly even, with good mill seats. Soil very good. 
Corn is the staple, but fine wheat is raised, and many hogs 
fattened. Farms 6T9 ; manuf. 16 ; dwel. 919. aiul pop — wh. 
5.9fi4, fr. col. 21, si. 1,097— total 6.422. CapiUtl: Waverley. 
Public Workit: Nashville and Mitwissippi K. K. 

IIuMPHREV's Villa, p. o., Holmes co., Ohio: 74 m. N. E 
C<»lunil.ms. 

HuMPUREYsviLLR, p. V., Ncw Havcu CO., Conn.: on 
Naugaluck r.,6 in. from its confluence with the Housatonic, 
and 37 S. W. Hartford. It has considerable manufactures, 
800 



also iron and copper works, several stores, and about 400 
inhabitants. 

lIuMLooK's Creek, p. o., Luzerne co., Penn. : 87 m. N. E 
Harrisburg. 

Hungary, sta., Hanover county, Virg.: on the tine of 
the Eichmond, Frederick, and Potomac R. R., 8 m. N. 
Richmond. 

Hunt county, Teae. Situate N. E., and contains 976 sq. m. 
Drained by heads of S. fork of Sulphur r., and heads of the 
Sabine. Surface undulating, or hills of small elevation and 
gentle slope, and generally densely wooded; snil a rich 
loam in the river bottoms, which comprise a large part of 
the CO., and though more sandy or clayey between them, 
yet always very productive. Tlie timber common to this 
region abounds, and on the streams are found the best of 
grapes in great quantities. It is well adapted to the staple 
of this quarter (cotton), and grows fine crops of corn. 
Farms 93; manuf. 0; dwell. 26S. and pop.— wh. 1,477, 
fr. col. 2, si. 41— total 1,520. Capital: Greenville. 

Hunter, p. v., Belmont co., Ohio: 106 m. E. Columbus. 

Hunter, p. v., Boone county. III. : 187 m. N. by E. 
Springfield. 

IIuNTEn, t. and p. v., Greene eo., K Y. : 38 m. S. S. "W. 
Albany. Drained by heads of Schoharie cr. Surface mount- 
ainous, lying on the principal range of the Kaatsbergs. 
Round Top. their highest peak, is 3,S04 feet above the 
Hudson river. Soil sterilp, except in some exceptional 
valleys, and along the streams. "Wood, limber, and barb 
are exported. The v. is on Schoharie er., and contaias a 
number of mills, etc., and about 400 inhabitants. Pop. of L 
1,&49. 

Hunterdon county, ]\^. Jer. Situate N.lir., and contains 
484 sfj. m. Drained by Musconetoung r. and other afHuents 
of Delaware r., its S. W. boundary, and E. by Earitnu r, 
which empties into the Atlantic. Surface in the N. high 
and broken ; in the S. much more even ; soil mostly fertile, 
producing fine crops of all the grains, and affording excel- 
lent pasturage. It has considerable water-power, and con- 
venient markets by land or water. Farms 2,4S6 ; manuf* 
309 ; dwell. 5,107, and pop— wh. 28,212. fr. col. 769, si. s— 
total 2S,9S9. Capital: Flemington. Piihlic Works: Bel- 
Tidere Delaware R. R. ; Flemington Branch R. R. ; New 
Jersey Central R. R. 

Hunter's Cave, p. o., Greene co., Penn. : 193 m.W. S.W. 
Harrisburg. 

HuNTERSLAND, p. o., Schoharic co.. y. Y. : 23 m. W. by S. 
Albany. 

HuNTERSTowN, p. v., Adauis CO., Pe}i7i. : 23 m. S. W. 
Harrisburg. 

IIuNTERSTiLLE, p. V., Lvcoming CO., Penn. 

HuNTEitsviLLE, p. V., and cap. Pocahontas co., Ylrg. : on 
Knapp's cr. of Greenbrier r., 154 m. "\V. N. "W. Richmond. 
The site is 1,800 feet above the level of the Atlantic Ocean ; 
and in the vicinity are several mineral springs. The v. 
contains a C. H., jail, etc., and has several stores and about 
200 inhabitants. 

HuNTERSvii.LE, p. V., Hardin county, Ohio: 63 m. N. W. 
CoUimbus. Pop. 84. 

HuNTiNGBUBoii. p. V., Dubols CO., Ind. : lOT m. S. S. W. 
Indianapolis. Pop. 250. 

Hunting Creek, p. o., Accomack co., Virg. : 106 m. E. 
Richmond. 

Huntingdon county, Penii. Situate S. ccnlrally, and 
contains 754 sq. m. Drained by Raystown Branch and 
other aflluenls of Juniata r., which crosses the N. part from 
E. to W. Surface much varie<l ; parts are mountainous, 
but there are many beautiful valleys, which are exceedingly 
fertile. A part is too rough for cultivation, but nbouiuls in 
fine timber and numerous mill streams. The lower lands 
produce excellent cntps of wheat, rye, corn, buckwheatj 
and oats, and the higher afford the best of grazing. The 
dairies are fine, and beef. pork, and wool, .staples. Iron ore 
and bituminous coal are abundant ; lead, salt, and alum 



HUN 



HUR 



arc f'fuml. Farms 1,445; manuf. 03; dwell. 1.29% and 
p„p._wh. 24,41)1, fr. col. 325— toUil •^4,^^sG. O'pitiil : llun- 
Ungdon. Public Work^ : I't'imsjlvaiiiu Canal; rcntisylva- 
nia U. R. 

lU'NTiNODON, p. b.. and cap. IIiintinE^iIon eo., Ptrm : on 
the W. side of Frankstown l)rancli uf -Iiiniata r., at its en- 
trance into the latter, 01 m. direct, or by railroad 97 m. 
Vi. N. W. llarrisburg;. It contains a courl-huuse. jail, etc., 
and has considerable manufactures and a i;ood trade. The 
*'II. Globe'' (dem.) and the "II. Journal" (.whig) are issued 
weekly. The Pennsylvania Canal and K. E. pass through 
the borough. Pop. in 1S40, 1,045— in 1S50, 1.4T9. 

Huntingdon, p. v., and cap. Carroll co., Tmn.: on the 
8. fork of Obion r., 90 m. \\. by 8. Nashville. It contains a 
court-house and other county buildings, several stores, aud 
about 300 inhabitants. The neighborhood is one of the 
finest agricultural regions of tlie State, beautifully <iiversifled, 
■well watered, and rich and deep soil. 

Huntingdon Valley, p. o., Montgomery co., Penn. : SS 
m. E. by S. Harrisburg. 

Huntington county, Ind, Situate N. E., and contains 
SS4 sq. m. Drained by Wabash r.. and Little r., and Sala- 
monie r., its branches. Surface level or undulating; soils a 
mixture of clay and sand, deep, and very fertile. Forest 
land pretlominates. Wheat, corn, beef, and pork are the 
leading prodiicls. Farms TS2; manuf. 32; dwell. 1,350, and 
pop— wh. 7,S4T. fr. col. 3— total T.S.'iO. Capital: Hutiting- 
toii. Public Worl-ti: Wabash and Erie Canal; Wabash 
Valley 11. li. 

Huntington, t. and p. v., Fairfield co., Conn. : 44 m. S.W. 
Hartford. Drained by several creeks of Housalonic r., 
which makes the E. border, and is crossed by several 
bridges. Surface somewhat uneven ; soils generally fertile. 
The V. Is located centrally, about equi-distant between the 
Housalonic and the Naugatuck Railroads. The manufac- 
tures of the town consist of woolen goods, paper, leather, 
etc. pop. of 1. 1,301. 

Huntington, p. v., and cap. Huntington co., I7id. : at the 
niouih of Flint cr., on Little r., 2 m. above its entrance into 
the Wabash, and on the line of the canal, SI m. N. N. K. 
Indianapolis. It contains a court-house, jail, etc., about ICO 
dwellings, and SCO iiiliabitants, and has two newspapers, 
the " Herald" (whig) and the " Age*' (dom.). both weekly 
issues. It is the shipping place of a large and fertile back 
country. 

Huntington, t. an<l p. v., Suffolk co., y. Y. ; 124m. S. S. E. 
Albany. This t. stretches across Long Island, and embraces 
Oak I.sland beach, which here divides Great South Bay 
from the Atlantic Ocean. In the N. the shores are deeply 
indented by several bays — in the S. the land is drained by 
numerous small streams flowing into Great South Bay. 
Surface generally level— toward the N., however, it is some- 
what hilly ; soils various, none very fertile, but usually 
under the highest state of cultivation, The v. is situate at 
the head of Huntington Harbor, a continuation of Hunting- 
ton Bay, and contains about 6U0 inhabitants. There arc 
three newspapers published in the town, the '* Long 
Islander," the '-Sufl'olk Democrat," and the "Eastern State 
Journal," all issued weekly. The manufactures of Hunting- 
ton are considerable. Pop. 7,4S1. 

Huntington, t. and p. v., Lorain co., Ohio : SO m. K. N. E. 
Columbus. Drained by the W. branch of Black r. Surface 
elevated and rolling; soil clay- loam, very fertile. The v. is 
central, and is a small farming settlement. Pop. of 1. 1,1 T3. 

Huntington, p. v., Laurens dist., iy. Car. : 06 m. N. W. 
f Columbia. 

J Huntington, t. and p. v.. Chittenden co., Venti. : 19 m. 

j W. Montpclier. Drained by Huntington r., a branch of the 

I Onion. Surface mountainous; soil generally adapte<l to 

grass. The t contains Caniel's Rump, one of the highest 
peaks of the Green Mountains. The v. is situate on the W. 
ft'de of the r., which here affords water-power. Pup. of 
township 8S5. 



HuNTiNGTowN, p. V., Calvcrt CO., M(l. : on the S. side of a 
cr. so called, 31 m. S. Annapolis. 

HiNTSBUP.Gii, t. and p. o., Geauga co., OAio ; 145 m. X. E. 
Columbus. Drained by the head-waters of Cuyahoga r. 
Surface elevated and rolling; soil fertile. Pop. l,oii7. 

lit NT's Hollow, p. v., Livingston co., A1 1'. ; 212 m. W. 
Albany. Pop. about 200. 

Hunt's Stoke, p. c, Guilford county, A'. Cur.: 77 m. 
W. N. W. Raleigh. 

Huntsville, 1). v., and cap. Madison co., Ahi. : on Indian 
cr. of Tennessee r., 10 m. from the confluence, and 107 m. 
N. by W. Montgomery. It is the seat of aU. S. land office; 
and contains a court-house, jail, etc., a bank, several hand- 
some churches, and has two newspapers, llie "Democrat'' 
(dem.) and the " Southern Star," both weeklies. It has con- 
siderable business, and linuniscs to become one of the most 
flourishing towns of the State. The Memphis and Charles- 
ton R. R. will pass througli it, and others in a N. and S. di- 
rection will connect Willi that important line. A canal ex- 
tends hence to Triana, on the Tennessee, 10 m. Pop. 0,000. 

Huntsville, p. v., and cap. Madison county, ^l/7i\ ; on 
War Eagle cr. of White r.. 123 m. N. W. Little Ruck. It 
has a court-house, etc., and about 100 inhabitants. 

Huntsville, p. v., Paulding co., (ru.: IIC m. W. N. W. 
Milledgeville, 

Huntsville, p. v., Choctaw co., J//^s. ; &3 m. N. N. E. 
Jackson. 

Huntsville, p. v., Schuyler co., PL: 07 m. W. N. W. 
Springfield. 

Huntsville, p. v., and cap. Randolph co., Jfo. : on the 
E. side of East Chariton r., 64 m. N. I'y W. JetTerwiu City. 
It contains a court-house, jail, etc., aiid has several stores. 
Pop. 300. 

Huntsville, p. v., Yadkin (formerly Surry) cnuuly, 
2i. Car.: on the W. bank of Tadkin r.. lOS m. W. X. W. 
Raleigh. 

Huntsville, t. and sta., Wake co., AT Car.: on the lino 
of the Gaston and Raleigh R. R., 9 m. N. Raleigh. 

Huntsville, p. v., Luzerne co., Penn.: 107 in. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Huntsville, p. v., Laurens dist., S. Car. : 53 in. N. W. 
Columbia, 

Huntsville. p. v., and cap. Walker co., Te^v. : on Har- 
mon's cr. of Trinity r., 143 m. E. by N. Austin City. It is 
ono of the progressive acttlements of Te.xas, and is sur- 
rounded by a thickly peopled and well cultivated country. 
The V. contains a court-house, etc., and several large stores. 
Two newspapers, the "Texas Presbyterian" (reliir.), and 
the '• II. Item,'' are published weekly. It is propuseil to 
erect at this place a Female College, under charge of the 
Methodists, and other foundations are spoken of which, if 
completed, will make Huntsville a great seat of learning. 
Pop. about 600. 

Huntsville, p. v., Madison co., Tn'7. : on the N. side of 
Fall cr. of White r., a little above Pendleton, and about 26 
m. N. E. Indianapolis. It is named alter the families that 
first settled here. 

Huntsville, j>. v., Logan co., Ohio: on Cherokie-nians 
cr, 49 m. W. N. W. Columbus. The Mad River and Lake 
Erie R. R. jiasscs through it 9S nL from Sandusky. 

Huntsville, p. v., an<l cap. Scott co., Tenu. 

Hurley, t. and p. v., Ulster co., K Y. : 47 m. S. S. W. 
Albany. Drained by Esopus cr. Surface hilly ; soil f.-rtile 
loam, underlaid with limestone. The v. on Esopus or. is a 
small agricultural settlement, aud contains 30 or 35 dwell- 
ings. Pop. of t. 2.0110. 

Huron county, Jfidi. Situate E. between Saginaw Bay 
and Lake Huron, and conLiins s59 >«i. m. Drained by 
Pinnebog and Willow rivers, flowing N., Zappopoie r., 
flowing E., and other small streams. Surface mostly le^ el ; 
soil of mod.rat.- f.-rlilily. without stone, but marshy u 
places. It is well timbired with b.^ech. maple, pine, and 
tamarack, the last two suj-plying great numbers of spars. 

801 



HUR 



HYD 



Lumber is the greatest export, the county being little settled. 
Farms IS ; manuf. ; dwell. 52, and pop. - wh. 210, fr. col. 
—total 210. Capital : 

HcTKON county. Ohio. Situate N. centrally, and contains 
764 sq. ra. Drained by Huron and Vermillion rivers and 
their branches. Surface rolling or level ; soil very fertile 
and finely adapted to grain and grass. Wbeat and corn 
arc leading crops, and great numbers of cattle, sheep, and 
swine are fed. Farms 2,414 ; manuf. 25G ; dwell. 4,G19, and 
pop.— wb. 26,107, fr. col. 86— total 26,203. Capital : Newark. 
J^uhliti Works: Cleveland, Columbus, and Cincinnati R.U. ; 
Sandusky and Newark K. K.; Cleveland, Norwalk, and 
Toledo R. K, 

HuEON, t. and p. c, Wayne co., 3ftch. : 72 m. S. E. 
Lansing. Drained by Huron r., which afford? water-power 
and navigation. In the S. AV. there are swamps, but the 
general surface is elevated and fertile. Pop. 482. 

Huron, p. v., Des Moines co., la. : on the W. bank of 
the Mississippi, 53 m. S. E. Iowa City. 

Httron, t and p. v., Wayne co., N. Y. : 159 m. W. N. "W. 
Albany. Drained by streams falling into Lake Ontario 
through East, Port, and Sodus Bays, which lie in this town. 
Sarface level ; soil gravelly and sandy loam. The villages 
are Huron and Port Glasgow. Pop. of 1 1.966. 
' Huron, t and p. v., Erie co., Ohio : 100 m. N. N. E. 
Columbus. Drained by Huron r. and other alfluenls of 
Lake Erie. Surface level; soil sandy alluvion. The v. is 
located at the mouth of Huron r., and has a good harbor. It 
contains numerous warehouses, stores, commission-houses, 
etc., and about 800 inhabitants; and is intersected by the 
JuncUon (Lake Shore) R. R. Pop. of t. 1,397, 

Huron isles, Mich. : on the S. shore of Lake Superior, E. 
of Kew-y-wee-non Bay. 

Hckon lake : one of the five great lakes of North Amer- 
ica. It lies between Lake Superior on the N. W., Miciiigan 
on the N. "W. and W., and Erie and Ontario on the S. and 
S. E. ; and in regard to iLs astronomical position, lies be- 
tween 43° 5' and 46° 15' N. lat., and between "90 SO' and 
S4'-^ 60' W. Ion. lis length is 260 m.— along the coast of its 
W. shore it is 360 m. ; and its greatest breadth is 160 ni., but 
exclusive of the bay on the N. E., it is only about 90 m. ; 
and its circumference is about 1,100 m. Its principal inden- 
tations are, Saganaw Bay, extending into Jlicliigan, and 
two others, one immediately N. of the Manitou Islands, and 
the other S. E. of them. The latter, called Georgian Bay, 
is about 170 ni. long and 70 m. broad, and is not far from 
one-fourth the whole size of the lake. Manitou, or Great 
Spirit Islands, extend from a peninsula in the S. E. part, 
through its N. part— and with Drummond's Island, separate 
another sheet of water from the main lake SO m. long and 
20 m. wide. The boundary between the United States and 
Canada passes along the main Huron 225 ra., and between 
Lesser Manitou and Drummond's Island by what is called 
the Middle Passage, and curves round to the N. and W. 25 
m. to the entrance of St. Mary's r. The elevation of tlie 
surface of the lake is 596 fbet above the ocean, or less than 
that of Lake Superior by 45 feet, or than that of Lake 
Michigan by 4 leet. The greatest depth toward the W. 
shore is at least 1.000 feet, and its mean depth 900 feet, or 
about 300 feet below the level of the Atlantic The largest 
of the Manitou Islands, called Great Manitoulin, is 90 m. 
long. an<i in its widest part nearly 30 m. broad. The islands 
of Lake Huron are said to amount in number to 82,000. It 
receives tlie waters of Lake Superior by St. Mary's r., and 
those of Lake Michigan by the Straits of Micliilimackinac; 
and discharges its own waters by the Strait of St. Clair. 
Lake Nipissing empties into it through Francis r., and Lake 
Simcoe by Severn r. The Huron is subject to violent storms, 
whicli render its navigation dangerous. It has, however, 
fine harbors, and in process of time cities and a crowded 
population will vitalize its shores. 

HuROX river, Mich.: a consideral)le stream of the Upper 
Peninsula, having its source in the Porcupine Mountains, 
302 



from which it flows N. E., and discharges its waters into 
Lake Superior. It is navigable for canoes. 

Huron river, Mich. : one of the most considerable streama 
watering the E. part of the lower peninsula. It rises from 
many heads in Oakland and Livingston counties, and flows 
in a S. W. course to the N. boundary of Washtenaw eounty, 
where it expands into Portage Lake. It then contrac-ts and 
passes S. for a few miles, and then, pursuing a S. E. direc- 
tion through Washtenaw and Wayne countief , enter? Lake 
Erie a few miles below the mouth of Detroit r. It has few 
tributaries in its lower course. The Huron is a beautiful 
transparent stream, passing alternately tlirough rich botr 
toms, openings, plains, and sloping woodlands. Its length, 
by its meandermgs. is about 90 miles, 

Huron river, Ohio: rises in Richland co., and flows 
through Huron and Erie counties into Lake Erie at Huron. 
It is navigable by a crooked channel six or seven miles from 
its mouth, and has a canal along its border to Milan. It 
affords good water-power. 

Hurricane, p. o., Conway county, ArJc,: 47 m. N. W. 
Little Rock. 

HuRniCANE, p. v., Montgomery co., III. : 57 m. S. S. E. 
Springfield. 

Hurricane, p. c, Franklin par., La. : US ra. N. N. W. 
Baton Rouge. 

Hurricane, p. o., Spar^nt^urg dist., S. Car. : 103 m. 
N. W. Columbia. 

HuKRicANE Creek, p. o., Lauderdale co., Miss. : 92 m. E. 
Jackson. 

Hurricane Creek, p. o., Saline co., Ark. : 2S m. S. W, 
Little Rock. 

Hurricane Creek, p. o., Henderson co., Tenn. : 113 hl 
W. S. W. Nashville. 

Hurricane Grove, p. o.. Grant county, Wise. : 3 ra. E. of 
Grant river. 

Hurricane Hill. p. o., Lafayette co., Ark. : lis m. S.W. 
Little Rock, 73 ra. W. S. W. Madison. 

Hurt's Cross Roads, p. o., Maury county, Tenn. : 86 m. S. 
Nashville. 

Hurt's Mills, p. o., Harrison county, Ind. : 112 m. 9, 
Indianapolis. 

HussAw, p. o., Carroll co.,^lrX*. ; 132 m. N. W.Little Rock. 

Hustisford, p. v., Dodge county, Wise. : 48 ra. N. E. 
Madison. 

HusTONViLLE, p. T., Lincoln co., Ki/.: 51 m. S. S. E. 
Frankfort. 

HuTsoNTiLiE, p. v., Crawford co., III. : on the W. ba«b 
of Wabash r., 114 m. E. S. E. Springfl?ld. 

HuTTON's Fork, p. o.,Wilkes county, Ga. : 54 ra. N. N. E. 
Milledgeville. 

Huttonsville. p, v., Randolph coounty, Virg. : 162 m. 
W. N.W. Richmond. 

Hyannis, p. v., Barnstable co., Mass. : 5 m. S. Barnstable 
Court-house, and 63 ra. S. S. E. Boston. It contains 2 
churches and 120 inhabitants. 

Hyanxis Port. p. v., Bamstalile co., ^fasf<. : 65 m. S. S. R 
Boston. The v. has a good harbor, with a breakwater con- 
structed by the United States, and is a refuge for wind- 
bound vessels. 

Hyattstown. p. v., Montgomery co., Md. : on the N.W. 
line of the co.. 62 m. W. N. W. Annapolis. 

HyATTSviLLE. p.v., Sliami co., Ohio : on the Miami Canal, 
62 m. W. Columbus. It has' several stores, and about 250 
inhabitants. 

Hyco, p. o., Halifax co., Virg. : 98 m. S. W. Richmond. 

Hvco Falls, p. o., Halifax co., Virg. : on Hyco cr., 9S m. 
S. W. Richmond. 

Hyt>e county, X. Car. Situate E., and contains 309 sq. m. 
It has Pamlico Sound on the E. and S., and Pungo r. (or 
bay) on the W., and is drained by small creeks flowing into 
these. Surface low, level, and frequently marshy; soil 
moderately productive, with a heavy growth of pine. Corn 
is the chief croi) — lumber the export. Farms 293 ; manuf 



HYD 



ILL 



6; dwell. 923, and pop.— wh. 4,79S, Ir. col. 211, si. '2,G'2r— 
total 7,GS6. Capital: Swan Quarter. 

IIyub, p. v., AVarren co., y, Y. : 5S m. N. "W. Alljany. 

Hyde Park, p. v., Gruudy county, lU.: 129 m. N. E. 
Springfield. 

Hyde Park, v. and sta., Queen's co., iV! Y. : on the line 
of ihe Long Island R. li., 17 ni. from Brooklyn. 

Hyde Park, t. and p. v., Duchess eo.. N. Y. : 61 ni. 8. 
Albany. Drained by Crum Elbow cr., and bounded W. by 
Hudson r. Surface uneven; soil gravelly loam and clay; 
on the river very fertile. The v. is situate on the E. side of 
Hudson r., and has commodious landings and a horse-icrry 
across Ihe river. It is a consid(.'ral>le place, wilh stores, 
mechanic shops, etc., and carries on a trade with New York 
City, with wbieh it is ennneetfd by the Hudson Pivcr K. K. 
and steamboats. Pop. of t. 2,42U. 

Htde Park, p. v., Luzerne co., Pcnn.: 113 m. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

IIydk Park, v., Halifax counly, X. C<n\ : 64 m. N. N. E. 
Ealcigh. 

Hyde Park, t., p. v., and cap. Lamoille co., Venn. : 26 m. 
N. Monfpelier. Drained by numerous tributaries of La- 
moille river, which atTord water-power. Surface hilly ; soil 
fertile, and easy of cultivation. The v. contains a court- 
house, jail, etc. Agriculture is the sole occupation. Popu- 
lation oft. 1,107. 

IIydescurgii, p. v., Ralls co., Jfo. : on a cr. of Salt r., 82 
m. N. N. E. Jefferson City. 

Hyde Settlement, p. v., Broome co., K Y. : on the W. 
Bide of Tioughnioga cr., 113 ra.W. S. AV. Albany. 

HvDEViLLE, p. v., Rutland co., Venn. : on the line of the 
Saratoga and Washington II. II., 8 m. from Casllelou, aud 
57 m. S. S. W. Montpelier. 

Hydraulic Mills, p. o., Albemarle counly, TV/v/- ■' 73 m. 
W. N. W. Richmond. 

Hygeia, p. 0., Hamilton county, Ohio : 100 m. S. "W. 
Columbus. 

HvNDSvTLLE, p. V., ScUoharie co., JV. }'. .' on Coliblcskill 
creek, 39 m. W. iUbany. 



Iberia, p. v.. Miller co., Jfo. : about 2 m. W. of Tavern 
cr. of Osage r., 32 m. S. by W. Jefferson City. 1 



IitERiA, i>. v., Morrow co., Ohio: on the lint? of ttie Cin- 
cinnati, Cleveland, and Columbus II. R., 60 m. N. l>y E. 
Columbus and b5 m. from Cleveland. 

Iberville parish, La. Situate S. E. centrally, and con- 
tains 239 sq. m. It lies on both sides of the Mississippi, 
and has Iberville and Amite rivers on itsE., and Ateliafa- 
laya and Grand rivers on the W. Surface level and very 
low ; soil very fertile on the rivers, where it is principally 
cultivated. Corn produces good crops, hut cotton aud su 
gar are the staples, of which large amounts are made and 
exported. Farms 219; nianuf. 10; dwell. 63S, and pop.— 
wh, 8,563, fr. col. 104, si. S,J>42— total 12,214. Capital. 
Iberville. 

liiKRViLLE (or Bayou Manchae), Za. : an outlet of the 
Mississii)pi, about 15 m. below Baton Rouge, aud uniting it 
with Amite r., which flows into Lake Maurci)a3. It is nav* 
igable for small vessels in time of flood. 

Iberville, p. v., and cap. Iberville par., La. : on the E. 
bank of the Mississippi, 'SS m. S. S. E. Baton Rouge. It 
contains besides the county buildings, a fine hotel, severa 
stores and private dwellings, and is surrounded by a tract 
of excellent cotton and sugar land. 

Ice's Ferry, p. o., Monongalia co., T7/-f/- •' 199 ni. N. W, 
Richmond. 

IciiEPucKESASS.\, p. 0., Hilleboro'co.,^/o/'. ; on Hillsboro* 
r., 218 m. S. E. Tallahassee. 

IcKESBURGH, p. V., Perry co., Peiui.: on a branch of the 
Susquehanna r., 29 m. N. AV. Harrisburg. 

Ida county, la. Situate N. W., and contains 432 sq. m. 
Drained by Little Sioux r., an aflluent of the Missouri, and 
its brandies. Unorganized in 1S50. 

Ida, t. and p. o., Monroe co., Mich. : 69 m. S. E. Lansing. 
It has a rolling surface, a fertile soil, mostly sandy loam, 
and excellent pastures. The Michigan Soutberu K. li. 
passes through the N., and Ida sta. is 13 m. from Monroe. 
Pop. of t. 340. 

Ij-vmsville. p. v., Frederick co., Md. : on the X. side of 
Bush cr., G m. from Monocacy r. and 51 m. N.W. Aunaptjiis. 
The Baltimore and Ohio R. R. passes through the v. 54 
m. from Ballimore. 

Ii.ciiEaTFR Mills, p. v., Howard co., J/t/. ; on S. side of 
Palapsco r., 24 m. N. W. Aimapolis. Tlie Baltimore and 
Ohio R. R. i>asses this v. 13 m. from Baltimore. There aro 
extensive tlouring mills at this place. 

Ilion, p. o., Herkimer county, X. Y. : 69 ni. Vv. N. W. 
Albany. 



THE STATE OF ILLINOIS. 

Illtkois lies between latitudes 37=^ 00' aud 42° 30' N., and between longitudes 87° 49' and 91° 23' "W. from Greenwich, 
or 10° 47' and 14° 2G' W. from Washington. It is bounded N. by Wisconsin ; N. E. by Lake Michigan ; l-^. by Indiana — 
Ihc Wabash River forming the boundary in half its leu:;th ; S. by the Ohio River, which separat^-s Illin(»is from Ken- 
tucky, and W. liy the Mississippi River, which flows between this State and the states of Wis('nnsin aud Iowa.* Tho 
extreme length of Illinois, on the meridian of Cairo City, is 373 miles, and its greatest breadth, which occurs on the 
parallel of Danville, is 212 miles ; but the average length and breadth are much less. The periphery of the Slate measures 
1,160 miles, the whole of which, with the exception of 305 miles, is formed by navigable waters; and its superficial land 
area is estimated at 55,4i.i5 square miles. 

As a physical section Illinois occupies the lower part of that inclined plane of which Lake Michigan and J>oih its 
shores are the higher sections, and which is extended into and embraces the much greater part of In«liana. Down tliis 
plane, in a very nearly south-western direction, flow the Wabash and its confluents, the Kaskaskia, thi^ Illinois and its 
confluents, and the Rock and Wisconsin rivers. The lowest section of the plane is also tho extreme southern angle of 
Illinois, at the mouth of the Ohio River, about 340 feet above tide-water in the Gulf of Mexico. Though the State of 
Illinois does contain some low hilly sections, as a whole, it may be regarded as a gently inclining jjlane in Ihe dirt'lion 
of its rivers^ as already indicated. Without including minute parts, the extreme arable elevation may be safely slatcil at 
800 feet above tide-water, and tho mean height at 550 feet. 

In some former period, observes Mr. Schoolcratl, there has been an obstmction in the channel of the Mississippi, at or 
near Grand Tower, producing a stagnation of the current at an elevation of about 130 feet above the present ordinary 



* Tlie Act of CoHRress admitting this State into tlie Union prescribes the boundaries as TuIIowb : Beginning nt the month of tlf Wabnsh Tti^er, 
Uience up the middle of the main channel thereof to the point where a line drawn due north of Vmcenne* last LTosses th^it .tiream, tht-nce <Iuo 
north U) the nortli-westw-orner of the Stiile ot Indiana, Uu-nre east with the boundary line of the same Slate to the middle of I.aXe Michi^n, 
thenre due north alone; the middle ofaaid lake to north liitilude4t)'» 30', thence w^st to the middle of the. MisHi?.9rppi Hivir, lli<-ure down the middle 
ofthemaia channel thereof to the mouth of the Ohio RWcr, thence up the latter stream ulongJts northern or right shore to the place of beginnmg. 

303 



ILLINOIS. 



water-mark. Thia appears evulenl from ihc general elevation and dircclion of the hills, which for several hundred miles 
above are separated by a valley from 20 to 25 miles wide, that deeply embosoms the current of the Mississippi. 

Whererer these hills exhibit rocky and abrupt fronts, a scries of water-lines are distinctly visible, and jirescrve a re- 
markable parallelism, uniformly presenting their greatest depression toward the sources of the river; and, at Grand 
Tower, these water-lines are elevated about one hundred feet above the summit of the stratum, in which petrifactions of 
the madrepora and various fossil organic remains are deposited. Here the rocks of dark-colored Jiraestoue, which per- 
vade the cininlry to a great extent, by their projections toward each other, indicate that they have, at a remote period, 
been disunited, if not by some convulsion of nature, by the incessant action of the water upon a secondary formation, and 
that a passage has been effected through them, giving vent to the stagnant waters on the prairie lauds above, and open- 
ing for the Mississippi its present channel. 

Next to Louisiana and Delaware, lUinois is the most level State in the Union. A small tract in the Bouthcrn part of the 
State is hilly, and the northern portion is also somewhat broken. There arc, likewise, considerable elevations along the 
Illinois Piiver, and the bhitTs of the Mississippi in some places might pass almost for mountains. But by far the greater 
portion of the State is cither distributed in vast plains, or in barrens, that are gently rolling like the waves of the sea atler 
a storm. 

The largest prairie in Illinois is denominated the Grand Prairie. Under this general name is embraced the country 
lying between the waters falling into the Mississippi, and those which enter the Wabash rivers. It does not consist of 
one vast tract, but is made up of continuous tracts with points of tiniber projecting inward, and long arms of prairie ex- 
tending between. The southern points of the Grand Prairie are formed in Jackson County, and extend in a norlh-eastera 
course, varying in width from one to twelve miles through Perry, 'Washington, Jefferson, Marion, Fayette, Effingham, 
Coles, Champaign, and Iroquois counties, wlicre it becomes connected with the prairies that project eastward from the 
Illinois Eiver. A large arm lies in Marion County, between the waters of Crooked Creek and the east fork of the Kas- 
kaskia River, where the Yincennes road passes through. This part alone is frequently called the Grand Prairie. 

Much the largest part of the Grand Prairie is gently undulating, rich, and fertile land ; but of the southern portion, con- 
siderable tracts are flat, and of rather inferior soil. No insurmountable obstacle exists to its future population. No por- 
tion of it is more than six or eight miles distant from timber; and coal in abundance is found in most parts. Those who 
liave witnessed the changes produced upon a prairie surface within twenty or thirty years, consider these extensive 
prairies as (tffering no serious impediment to the future growth of the State. 

Dr. Beck, in his Gazetteer of Missouri, published in 1S'2;3, dt^cribes the uplands of St. Louis County as generally prairie ; 
but almost all of Uiol tract of country tlius described is now covered with a young growth of fine thrifty limber, aud it 
would be difficult to find an acre of prairie in the county. This important change has been produced by keeping the 
fires out of the prairies. 

The first improvements are usually made on that part of the prairie which adjoins the timber ; and thus we may see, at 
the commencement, a range of farms circumscribing the entire prairie. The burning of the prairies is then stopped 
through the whole distance of the circuit in the neighborhood of these farms, to prevent injury to the fences aid other 
hnprnvemcnts. This is done by plowing two or three furrows all round the settlement. In a short time the timber 
springs up spontaneously on all the parts not burned, and the groves and forests commence a gradual encroachment 
on the adjacent prairies ; by-and-by you will see another tier of Ikrms springing up on the outside of the first, and 
farther out on the prairie ; and thus farm succeeds farm, as the timber grows up, untd the entire prairie is occupied. — 
Illijwis in 1S37. 

Illinois possesses immense advantages for internal navigation. Its north-eastern comer for fifty miles is washed hy 
the waters of Lake Michigan, which open a communication with the whole lake-country of the North. The Mississippi 
lliror forms its western border, and the Ohio and Wabash rivers demark its southern and eastern limiLs, together forming 
a natural water highway of unexampled extent. The rivers which have their courses wilhiu the limits of the Slate are 
Kock, Illinois, Kaskaskia. and Big Muddy, affluents of the Mississippi ; the Embarras and Little Wabash, tributaries of 
the Wabash, and the Saline and Casli rivers, which empty into the Ohio. The Illinois is much the largest of these ; it is 
formed by the union of the Kankakee and Des Plaines,and in its course of 500 miles toward the Mississippi receives Fox 
and Spoon rivers. Crooked Creek, and several other streams from the north, dnd the Vermillion, Mackinaw, Sangamon, 
and others from the south. The current of the Illinois is in general gentle, with a wide, deep bed— in some places opening 
into broad and lake-like expanses. Rock liiter rises in Wisconsin, and has a course of 300 miles; it is navigable for 
some distance, but in its upper course is impeded by several rapids. The Kaskaskia rises in the eastern part of the 
State and pursues a direction nearly parallel to tliat of the Illinois and Eock rivers, and after a course of 300 miles 
reaches the Mississippi in latitude SS^ north. The Big Mudihj is also a considerable stream. The rivers flowing to the 
Ohio and Wabash are generally of less volume than the smaller class of rivers flowing toward the Mississippi, but several 
are navigable, and all contribute much to the wealth of the country by the abundance of water-power they supply for 
meehanical purposes. 

The northern portion of Illinois is inexhaustibly rich in minerals, while coal, secondary limestone, and sandstone are 
found in almost every part. Iron ore is also widely distributed. The minerals most common to the north-western 
section are lead and copper. The lead diggings extend over a vast tract and into the adjoining States, and are, doubt- 
less, the most productive of any hitherto known. Silver has also been found in this region intermixed with galena. The 
coal of Illinois is bituminous, and is spre^id over a large extent of country; it is found in tlie ravines and bluffs of the 
Mississippi, and large veins were struck in excavating the canal below Ottawa. The great coal region, however, extends 
from central Iowa to northern Kentucky, across the State. Building stones of almost every description are quarried. 
Sulphur and chalybeate springs exist in several parts of the State, and there are salt springs in Gallatin, Jackson, Ver- 
million, and other counties. Immense boulders of granite are frequently seen upon the surface. 

The soils of Illinois, though of such various character, are all highly fertile and productive. In the bottoms, or alluvial 
borders of the rivers, the soil is chiefly formed from the deposits of the waters during flood. In .some cases tlie mold so 
formed is twonty-flve feet and nj)ward in depth, and of inexhaustible fertility. One-sixth of the alluvial land, however, 
is unfit for present cultivation, although it is productive in timber. A tract called the "American Bottom," extending 
along the Mississippi for 90 miles and about 5 miles in average width, is of this formation. About the French towns it 
has been cultivated, and produced Indian corn every year, without marmring, for a century and a half. The prairie 
lands, although not so productive, are yet not inferior for many agricultural purposes, and are preferred, where wood is 
10 be had. on account of their superior salubrity. The barrens, or oak openings, have frequently a tliin soil. In the 
S04 



ILLINOIS. 



north (fierc are tracts s<»mcwli:u atonT, }vt in every other purt tlio plough may pass over millions of acres without meeting 
so iiiiicli as a pebble to inipL-du its course. 

Illinois, extending as it dncs over five and a half degrees of latitude, must possess some variety in its climate, and the 
level surface that characterizes it, exposes it alike to sun and storm. The winters are everywhere severe, and the sum- 
mers hot and prolonged. The climate is also subject to sudden changes, especially from November to May, und below 
the parallel nf 4iP the sumnier heat is extremely enervating. The prevailing winds are the south-west, which blow for 
three-fbiirlhs of the year. The north nnd north-westerly prevail in the winter months. On the whole, however, the 
cliniale is favorable to out-door occupations, the proporlinn of clear and clou<iy days being as 245 of tlie former tn 120 of 
tiie latter. Vegetation commences with April, ati<l Ihe first killing frost occurs from the 1st to the 15th September. Tho 
general salubrity of Illinois is well attested, and few suffer from endemic diseases, except those who are imprudent or 
settle near swamps and other sources of miasms. 

In general Illinois is well supplied with limber, and were it equally distributed Ihrnugh the State, there would be no 
part wanting. The kinds of timber most abundtmt are oaks of various species, black and white walnut, ash of several 
kinds, elm, sugar maple, honey locust, haekberry, linden, hickory, cotton wood, pecaun. mulberry, buckeye, sycamore, 
wild cherry, box elder, sassafras, and persimmon. In tlie southern and eastern parts of the Stale, yellow pojilar and 
beech are the peetiliar growths, anci near the Ohio are clumps of yellow pine and cedar. The under growths are red- 
bud, pawpaw, sumac, plum, crab-apple, grape-vines, dog-W(xid, spice-bush, grwn-brier. hazel, etc. Tlie alluvial soil of 
the rivers produces cotton-wood and sycamore timber of amazing size. Many valuable medicinal plants are found in 
every part of the Slate. 

The wiUi aiumals found in Illinois are similar to those existing in other parts of the Great West, bnt many species 
have become extinct. Of wolves the species still found are the gray wolf (cani^ lupus), tho black wolf {canis l>/caon\ 
and the common prairie wolf ((-</»/.« littnin-^). The latter is most common, and is found in considerable numbers, 
Paruhers and wild cats are less frequently seen, but occasionally do mischief. The buffalo no longer roams on tho 
prairies, and the deer an<I bear have retreated from the setllements. Foxes, raccoons, opossums, gophars, and squirrels, 
however, are numerous, as arc muskrats, otters. an<l occasonally beavers about the rivers and lakes; but all these arc 
being tlestroyed rapidly, and in a few years the trapper and hunter will have to move westward for sport and prey. 
Ducks, geese, swans, and many oilier aquatic birds visit the waters in 8j)ring time, and Ihe small lakes and sloughs are 
often literally covered with the prairie fowl, and partridges are als<i abundant. The bee is found in the trees of every 
forest, and few States can bo;xst of such variety and abundance of fish as are here found in the rivers and lakes. 

Illinois is divided into 'J9 counties, the general statistics of which and the capitals of each in 1^50 were as follows: 



Coontieg. 


rwelL 


r..p. 


Farm.. 
inculL 


9ran..f 


C.ipitiilg. 


Counliea. 


Dwell. 


Pop. 


FartriB 
incuiu 


Man.i 
EalHb 


• Cnpiula 


Adams 


. 4,459 . 


. 26,508 


. 2,294 


.lis 


. Quincy 


Johnson. .. 


. 718 


. 4,113 


. .301 . 


4 . 


. Vienna 


Alexander. 


. 455. 


. 2,4S4 


. 202 


. 8 


. ThelK-s 


Kane 


. 2,823 


. 16,702 . 


. 1,015 . 


49. 


. Geneva 


Bond 


. 1,0T6 , 


. 6,144 . 


. 665 


. 17 


. Greenville 


Kendall . . . 


. 1,258 


. 7,730 


. 659 . 


. 


. Oswego 


Boone 


. 1,352 


. 7.626 


. 897 


. 17 


. Belvidere 


Kno.x 


. 2.193 


. 13,279 


. 619 . 


.100 


. Knoxville 


Brown 


. 1,35.3 


. 7,193 


. SIS 


. "3 


. M't Sterling 


Lake 


. 2,455 . 


. 14,236 . 


. 1,595 . 


. 43 


. "Waukegan 


Bureau 


. 1,464 . 


. 8,841 


. 741 


. 20 


. Princeton 


La Salle . . . 


. 8,074 


. 17,315 


. 1,336 . 


. 46 


. Ottawa 


Calhoun . . . 


. 600 


. 3,231 


. 205 


. 


. Hardin 


Lawrence . 


. 1,057 


.. 6.121 


. 656 . 


. 26 


. LawrencevllJo 


Carroll 


. 814. 


. 4,636 


. 433 


. 17 


. Mount Carroll 


Lee 


. 905 


. 5,292 


. 473 . 


. 12 


. Dixon 


Ca«.s 


. 1.1C9 . 


. T.263 


. 606 


. 26 


. Beardstown 


Livingston 


. 261 


. 1,553 


. 185. 


. 


. Pontiac 


Champaign 


. 450 


.■2.649 


. 273 


. 


. I'rbaua 


Loi;an 


. 835 


. 5.123 


. 476. 


. 14 


. Poslville 


Christian . 


. 555 . 


. 8.202 . 


. 434. 


. 12 


. Taylorville 


M-Donougl 


. 1,262 


. 7,616 


. 843. 


19 


. Macomb 


Clarice 


. 1,621 . 


. 9,532. 


. 630. 


. 14 


. Marshall 


M' Henry... 


. 2,650 


.14 979 


. 1.950 . 


. 17. 


. Dorr 


Clay 


. 715. 


. 4.2S9 . 


. 237. 


. 6 


. Louisville 


M-Lean . . . 


. 1,851 


. 10,103 


. 916. 


8. 


. Blopniington 


Clinton . . . . 


. 947. 


. 5,1.39. 


. 628 . 


. 8. 


. Carlyle 


Macon 


. 693 


. 3,938. 


. 487. 


17. 


. Decatur 


Coles 


. l-'i71 . 


. 9,3:i5. 


. 996. 


. . 


. Charleston 


Macoupin . 


. 2,037 . 


. 12.3.W . 


. l,ia3 . 


n. 


. Carlinville 


Cook 


. 7,674 . 


. 48,335 . 


. 1,357 . 


.227. 


. Chicago 


Madison. . . 


. 3,490 


. 20,436 . 


. 1,367 . 


132. 


. Edwardsville 


Crawford .. 


1,192 . 


. 7,135. 


. 542. 


. 0. 


. Robinson 


Marion 


. 1,1.32 . 


. 6,720 


. 827 . 


9 


. Salem 


Cutnherlanf 


6-S4. 


. 3.730 . 


. .326. 


. 0. 


. Greenup 


Marshall... 


. 910 


. 5.130 


. 404 . 


11 . 


. Lacon 


DeKalb... 


l,-3i:i8 . 


7,540 . 


. 812. 


. 4. 


. Sycamore 


Massac .... 


. 704 . 


. 4,092 . 


. S'35. 


11. 


. Metrop-lisCily 


DeWitt.... 


. 881 . 


. 5,002 . 


. 4S3. 


. 18. 


. Clinton 


Mason 


. 1,041 . 


. s.yjl 


. 727 . 


3. 


. Bath 


Du Page . . 


1,563 . 


9,290 . 


. 900 . 


. IS. 


. Kaperville 


Menard . . . 


. 1,1185 . 


. 6,349 . 


. 706 . 


SS. 


. Peteraburgh 


Edgar 


1.702 . 


10.MI2 . 


1,175 . 


. 33. 


. Paris 


Mercer 


. S92 . 


. 5.246 


. 617. 


0. 


. Millersburg 


Edwards . . 


.595. 


3.524 . 


329. 


7. 


. Albion 


Monroe . . . 


. 1.421 . 


. 7.679 . 


. 374 . 


S3 . 


. Harrisonville 


Efflnttham. 


713. 


8.799 . 


391 . 


. . 


. Ewington 


Montgomery 1.051 . 


. 6.276. 


. 811 . 


17. 


. Hillsboro' 


Fayette ... 


1,4.S1 . 


8,075 . 


820. 


. 4 . 


. Yr.ndalia 


Morgan . . . 


2.(;i;i . 


. 16,064 . 


. 1,574 . 


89 . 


. Jacksonville 


Franldin . . 


971. 


5,631 . 


577. 


. 


. Benton 


Moultrie... 


. 551. 


. 3,2.34 . 


. 804 . 


11 . 


. Sulliv.an 


Fnlton .... 


8.S11 . 


22,508 . 


1,942 . 


104. 


Lcwiston 


Ogle 


1.678 . 


. 10.020 . 


. 1,053 . 


80. 


. Oregon City 


Gallatin . . . 


1,0(10 . 


5,448. 


. 570. 


17. 


. Shawneetown 


IVoria 


8,0.36 . 


. 17,547 . 


. 1,191 . 


134. 


. Peoria 


Greene 


3,024. 


12,429 . 


1,1.55 . 


27. 


Carrollton 


Perry 


967,. 


. 5,273 . 


. 638 . 


T. 


. Pinckncyvllle 


Grund.v . . . 


643. 


3,023 . 


327. 


. 7. 


. Morris 


Pike 


3,163 . 


18.319 . 


1,383 . 


87. 


. Pitlsfi.ld 


Hamilltm.. 


1,068. 


6,.362 . 


417. 


. 


M'Lcansboro' 


Piatt 


1.57 . 


. 1,606. 


. 163 . 


2. 


Moiilicello 


ITaneock .. 


2,585. 


14,652 . 


1,167 . 


48 . 


Carthago 


Pope 


747. 


. 8,975. 


. 504. 


12. 


Golconda 


Hardin.... 


485. 


2.887 . 


336. 


0. 


Elizabcthtown 


Pulaski ... 


413. 


. 2.265 . 


. 266 . 


18 . 


N. Caledonia 


Hendcraon. 


. 8a5. 


. 4,612. 


. 420. 


. 27. 


. Oquawka 


Putnam . . . 


. 686. 


. .3,924. 


. 317. 


26. 


. Hennepin 


Tlenry 


772 . 


8.307 . 


231 . 


0. 


Cambrirlge 


Pandolph. . 


2,046 . 


. 11,079 . 


. 1,100 . 


86. 


. Chester 


Iroquois . . . 


. 71S . 


. 4.149. 


. 337. 


. 


Middleport 


Itichland . . 


. 704. 


. 4,012 . 


. 204 . 


8. 


Olney 


Jackson ... 


. 1,0»S . 


. 5,862. 


. 604. 


. 23. 


. Murphrysboro 


liock Island 1,246 . 


. 6,937. 


. 655. 


11 . 


Kock Island 


Jasper 


685. 


8,220 . 


233. 


0. 


Newton 


St. Clair. . . 


8.737 . 


20,131 . 


1,961 . 


63. 


Belleville 


JefTerson . . 


1,365^ 


8,109 . 


470. 


2. 


Mount Vernon 


Saline 


961 . 


6,588 . 


673 . 


11 . 


Raleigh 


Jersey 


. 1,222 . 


T.S.'U . 


. 645. 


44. 


Jerseyville 


Sangamon 


3.173 . 


19,223 . 


1,573.. 


9i. 


SPItlNOFIELD 


Jo Daviess. 


. 8,431 . 


18,604. 


1,370 . 


279. 


Galena 

P2 


Schuyler .. 


1,783 . 


10,.573 . 


631 .. 


53.. 


Bu.shvTUe 
806 













ILLINOIS. 












Counties. 


Dwell. 


Pop. 


Farms 
in cult. 


Mnnu 
Estab 


C-ipitals. 


C»umie3. 


Dwell. 


Fop. 


Fnrnis 
in cull. 


Wmut. 
Estal.. 


Capitiils. 


Scolt 


1,300 . 


. 7.914 . 


. 713. 


. &i . 


■\Vinehester 


Washington 


. 1,333 . 


. 6.953. 


. 829. 


. 9. 


Xashville 


Shelby . . . . 


.1.411. 


. 7,S07. 


. 83t . 


. 7. 


Shelbjville 


Wavne 


1,209 . 


. 6,825. 


. 492. 


. 6. 


Fairfield 


Stark 


. 594 . 


. 8,710 . 


. 843 . 


. 23. 


Toulon 


White 


1,537 . 


. 8,925 . 


. 1,101 . 


. 22 . 


Carmi 


Stephenson 


1,1150 . 


. 11,C60 . 


. 1,179 . 


. 75. 


Freeport 


Whitcsides. 


928 . 


. 5,861 . 


. 404 . 


. 24. 


Sterling 


Tazewell . . 


l.ilOl . 


. 12,053 . 


. 1,110 . 


. 76. 


Fremont 


Will 


2,796 . 


. 16.703 . 


. 1,200 . 


. 94. 


Joliet 


Union 


. 1,2S9 . 


. 7,615. 


. SIO . 


. 21. 


Joncsboro' 


Williamson 


1,195 . 


. 7,216 . 


. 752 . 


. 10. 


Marion 


Vermillion . 


. 1,935 . 


. 11,492 . 


. 1,269 . 


. 16. 


. Danville 


Winnebago 


1,979 . 


. 11,773 . 


. 919 . 


. 62 . 


Koelif.,rd 


■Waliash ... 


. 8IJS. 


. 4,690. 


. 5-38 . 


. 9. 


. Mount Carmel 


Woodford . 


747 . 


. 4,416. 


. 606. 


. 14. 


Metamora 


Warren ... 


. 1,401 . 


. 8,176. 


. 966. 


. 42. 


. Monmouth 















Tlie whole number of dwellings in Ihe State was, at the above date, 146,544; of families, 149,153; and of inhabitants, 
851.4T0, viz. : whiles, S46,lii4— males 445,044. ami females 400,460; free colored, 5,366— males 2,To6, and females 2,610. 
Of the whole population, there were, deaf and dumb — wli. 4T3, fr. col. 2 — total 4T5; hlind—\\\i. 253, fr. col. 4 — total 257; 
inmn€~-K\\. 246, fr. col. 3 — total 249 ; and idiotic — wh. 368, fr. col. 3 — total 371. The number of free persons born in tho 
United States was 736,931 ; the number of foreign birth, 110,593, and of birth unknown, 3,947; the native populati((a 
originated as follows : Maine 3,693, N. llamp. 4,2SS, Verm, 1.3^1, Mass. 9,230, R. 1. 1,051, Conn. 6,S99, N. York 67,180, N. 
Jer. 6,S4S, Penn. 37,979, Del. 1,397, Md. 6,sys, Dist. of Col. 226, Virg. 24,697, N. Car. 13,S51, S. Car. 4,162, Ga. 1,341, Flor, 
23, Ala. 1,335, Miss. 490, La. 4S0, Tex. 63, Ark. 727, Tenn. 32,303, Ky. 49,50S, Ohio 64,219, Mich. 2,153, Ind. 30.953, Illinois 
243,618, Mo. 7,2SS, la. 1,511, "Wise. 1,095, Calif. 3, Territories 16. And Ihc /ofeign population was composed of ])er8on3 
from— England 18,62S, Ireland 27,786, Scotland 4,661, "Wales 572, Germany 38,160, France 3,396, Spain 70, Portugal 42, 
Belgium 33. Holland 220, Italy 43, Austria 65, Switzerland 1,636, Kussia 27, Denmark 93, Norway 2,415, Sweden 1,123, 
Prussia 2S6, Greece 4, China 1, Asia 2, Africa 11, liritish America 10,699, Mexico 30, South America 12, West Indies 75, 
Sandwich Islands 9, and other countries 495. 

The following table will exhibit the decennial progress of the population since the first census of the State taken by the 
United Slates authorities : 









Colored Persons. 






Deeenninl Increase. 












TotHi 




Yeiir. 


Persons. 


Free. 


Slave. 


Tol;0. 


Popnlalion. 


Nuuierical. Peri-enL 


ISIO ... 


... 11,501 ... 


... 613. 


168 


781 .. 


. . . 12,283 . . 


— — 


1820 . . . 


... 53,788 ... 


... 506. 


917 


1,423 .. 


... 65.211 .. 


. . 42,939 849.5 


1830 ... 


. .. 165,061 ... 


. . . 1.037 . 


747 


2.8-4 . . 


... 167,445 .. 


.. 1(12.2.34 1S5.2 


1S40 ... 


. . . 473,2.54 . . . 


. .. 3,6S9 . 


331 


8.029 .. 


. . . 476,133 . . 


.. 318,733 203.4 


1S50 ... 


. . . 846,104 . . . 


. . . 5,300 . 


— 


5,366 . . 


... 851,470 .. 


..875,2.37 73.3 



The statistics of the wealth and industry of Illinois, as furnished by the general census of 1850 and other official rctuma 
referring to that year, are as follows: 

Occupied Lnnds^ ^U: — Improved lands, 5,089,545 acres, and unimproved lands, 6,997,367 acres — together valued in 
cash at $96,138,290. Number of farms under cultivation. 76,208. A'alue of farming implements and machinery, $6,405,561. 

Live Stock. — Horses, 267,653; asses and mules, 10,673; milch cows, 294,671; working o.xen, 76,156; other cattle, 
641,209 ; sheep, 894,043 ; swine, 1,916,910— valued in the aggregate at $24,209,253. In 1S40 there were in the State 199,235 
horses, mules, etc. ; 626,274 neat cattle ; 895,072 sheep, and 1,495,254 swine. 

Grain Crops.— Wheat, 9,414,576 bushels : rje, 83,364 bushels ; Indian corn, 57,640,934 bushels ; oats, 10,087,241 bushels ; 
barley, 110,795 bushels ; and buckwheat, 184,504 bushels. The crops of 1839-40 consisted of— wheat, 3,335,393 bushels ; 
barley, 32,261 bushels ; oats, 4,988,003 bushels ; rye, SS,197 bushels ; buckwheat, 57,884 bushels ; and Indian corn, 23,684,211 
bushels. 

Other Crops.— Vdce, pounds ; tobacco, 841,394 pounds ; ginned cotton, 1 bale of 400 pounds ; peas and beans, 82,814 
bushels ; potatoes— Irish, 2,514,861, and sweet, 167,483 bushels ; hay, 601,9.j3 tons ; clover-seed, 3,427, and other grass-seeds, 
14,380 bushels; hops, 8,551 pounds ; hemp— dew-rotted, 142, and water-rotted, 141 tons; flax, 160,063 pounds; flax-seed, 
10.735 bushels; sugar— maple, 248,904 pounds, and cane, hogslieads of 1,000 pounds; molasses, 8,354 gallons; wine, 
2,997 gallons, etc. The value of orchard products was $446,039, and of market-garden products, $127,494. The foUowmg 
table compares some of the principal staples at the two periods, 1840 and 1850 ; 

Staples. 1S^0. 18.10, Movement. 

Tobacco 564,.326 pounds S41 .394 pounds incr. 277,063 pounds, or 49-09 per cent. 

"'"^' '} 1.976iton3 ]:::::i6oi63 pounds f c/.cr.3,C32,SlT « or 82-06 



Flax. 

Uay 164,932 



1.063 pounds J 
.601,952 tons 



. i7icr. 437,020 tons or 264-96 



Products of Animah.—Woo], 2.150,113 (in l?39-40, 650.007) pounds ; butter, 12.526,543 pounds ; and cheese, 1,278.225 
pounds. Value of animals slaughtered in the year 1S49-50, $4,972,286. Silk cocoons were produced to the amount of 
47 0n 1889-40, 1,150) pounds; and beeswax and lioney, to tliat of fc69.444 pounds. 

JJome-mad-- Mamijacturea for the year ending 30th June, 1850, were valued at $1,155,902. In 1S39-40, the value is set 
down at $993,567. 

Mu7iu/actiirc.<i. — Aggregate capital invested, $00,000,000; value of raw materials, fuel, etc., consumed, $0,000,000; 
average number of hands, 00,000— males, 0.000, and females, 0,t>00; average monthly cost of labor— male, 00,000, and 
female, $00,000 ; animal value of products, $00,000,000. The whole number of manufacturing establishments producing 
to the value of $500 and uj)ward in 1S50, was 3,099, and of tliese — were cotton factories, 16 woolen factories, 96 tanneries, 
and 31 iron manufactories, of which 29 made castings, 2 pig iron, and wrouglit iron. 

The icaoleri manufactures employ a cajjital of $154,500; and consume annually 396,904 pounds of wool ; value of all 
rnw material, fuel, etc.. consumed, $115,367; hands employed— males 124, and females 54; monthly cost of labor— male, 
$2,728, and female, $676 ; cloth manufactured, 306,995 yards, and yarn, 137,000 pounds ; value of entire products, 
$206,572. 

Tlie tujinerie-'i have a capital of $188,373; value of hides and skins used, $129,907 : male hands employed, 240; monthly 
cost of labor, $5,145; sides, of leather tanned, 101,650, and of skins, 21,575; value of products, $244,028. 



ILLINOIS. 



The iron manulactures, under the three separate hea-is as given in the census, are exhibited as follows— in the manu- 
facture 0^ pig iron the capital invested amounts to $05,000 : ore consumed, 5,500 tons, and coke and charcoal, ITO.iXlO 
liushels : value of all raw material, $15.500 ; hands employed. 160 ; monthly cost of labor $3,310 ; pig iron produced, 2.700 
tons; value of entire products, $70,200 ; — and in the manufacture of ca.'it iron, $200,400 is invested ; material consumed 
—pi? iron 4.S1S tons, old metal 50 tons, mineral coal 1,412 tons, and coke and charcoal 12.500 bushels— valued in the ag- 
greirate at $172,330; hands employed, 332, at averaire monthly wages $2S 50; castings made, 4,160 tons; and othtr pro- 
duels to the value of $S9,250 ; total value of products, $441. ISo. According to the census no wi'ougiit iraii is manufac- 
tured in the Slate. The total capital invested in the manuliicture of iron is thus $325,400 ; the value of raw material, 
fuel, etc., consumed, $187,8.30 ; the annual cost of labor, $153,2G4 ; and the value of products, $511,3S5. 

The manufactures, otherwise than those enumerated, consist chiefly of the various trades and mechanic arts which 
usually exist in agricultural States, as saw, grist, oil, flour, and other mills; wheelwright shops; affricultural implement 
fact<tries, etc., etc., which, taken together and in connection with the staple manufactures above detailed, exliibit a very 
respectable condition of tiie country in relation to this branch of imiuslry. 

Foreign CoDwierce.— The direct foreign commerce of Illinois is chiefly with the British provinces. The exports, all of 
domestic origin, for the year ending 30lh June, 1S50, were valued at $17.()09 ; and the i/iijH>rU at $15,705. Of the exports 
only $1,232, and of the imparls $7,7S3,- were the values of goods carried in American bnttums. Tliis represents the com- 
merce of the collecliou district, of which Chicago is the port of entry, the ports on the Mississippi being in the district of 
New Orleans. The total entries were 22 (7,33S tons), of wliich 4 ifiiS tons) were foreign ; and the total clearances were 9 
(2.041 tons), of which 5 (99S tons) were foreign. The shipping owned in the district of Chicago on the 30lh June, 1S30, 
anioimted to 21,242 tons, all " permanent register," and engaged in the coasting trade, and of this 649 tons was navi- 
j.aled by steam. The total number of vessels built in the <lislriet during the year as above was 13 (1,091 tons), of which 3 
were brigs, 7 schooners, 3 sloops, an<i 1 steamer. The statistics of the foreign commerce for several years exhibit the fol- 
lowing— t.yyvo/-^^ In 1S47 $52,100. in 1^4^ $41,S35, in 1S49 $SS,417, and in 1S50 $17,669 ; and irnpori^ in 1S47 $266, in 1S4S 
f4,365, in 1849 $9,766, and iu 1S5() $15,705. 

/nUrnal and Comtiug Trade. — The means of internal communication in Illinois, except in one or two favored local- 
ities, are as yet very limited. Some of her interior rivers are navigable, and a cordon of navigable water almost insulates 
the ?iate ; but until access to these be facilitated by railroads, their use to commerce must be comparatively small. Never- 
theless, there are few ports that equal Chicago in its commerce, and Alton on the Mississippi is fast rising into importance, 
nor is Galena to be left unnamed iu the list of commercial places. At these ports, as well as those on the Illinois Kiver and 
Canal, a vast amount of business is transacted — that of Chicago with the East, and that of Galena, Alton, etc., chiefly with 
the So\ith. The interests of ttio two sections are partially blended by the canal which opens the lakes to the South 
and West, and will be eumpletoly united, wlien the vast .'system of railroads in course of construction is brought into 
action. The l<_ng(li of railroad now in operation williin llie State is 2S7 miles ; tlie length in progress is 1,822 miles ; and 
the length projectC'l and surveyed about 600 miles. Tlie principal points from and to which the several lines extend 
are — Chicago, where at least seven linos centre ; Alton, which is the terminus of three lines ; Galena, which is connected 
Willi Chicago on the east, and Cairo on the south ; Cairo, where the great central railroad connects with the Mobile and 
Ohio railroad ; Kock Island, the west termiims of tlie Chicago and Hock Island Hailroad ; and on tlie Indiana line, Vin- 
cennes, Terre Haute, etc., from which latter places the principal east and west lines pass, uniting the system of Illinois 
with those of Indiana, Ohio, etc. All the lines referred to will be completed witliin the next three years, and by that time 
Illinois will have fairly entered upon that great commercial destiny that awaits her career. The propf>rlion of comjileted 
railroads to superficies in this State in January, 1S53, was as 1 mile of road to every 19) square miles, and to the popula- 
tion as 1 mile of road to every 2,971 persons. 

Ji(ink:% eU: — The condition of the Slate bank of Illinois on the 1st January, 1S51, was as follows: ^.m^'/.v- debts of all 
kinds due, $706.890 57; real estate at cost, $747,575 05; Illinois State bonds, $17,501 54, and interest, $20,240 4S; Illinois 
State scrip, $14,555 20, and coujjons, $4,75u 36 ; sundry stocks, $9,674 99; due by other banks and bankers, $ls,35S 93; 
broken bank notes, $12,8nl ; specie, $36,666 S5; total, $1,675,554 94; and liabilities other than to stockholders— bonds 
of the bank outstanding, $184,000; interest on same to date, $49,560; due to other banks and individuals, $l,(i52 S9; and 
notes and certificates oulslauding, $218,978 01; total, $445.19!* 90. All other banks in operation at the present time, 16 
or 17 in number, are organized under the Free Banking Law of the State, and the notes arc considered to be well 
secured, ha\ ing government bonds and stocks as their basis. 

Oovcrn men t—T\u^ first constitution of Illinois is dated 2('jlh August, 1S18. The constitution on which the government 
is based at the present time was adopted in convention 31st August, 1847, and accepted l>y the people 7lh March, 1 S48. It 
provides that every white male citizen, 21 years old, resident in the State foronc year, may vote for all elective offices. 

The legislature is termed the General Assembly, and consists of a Senate and House of Keprcsentatives; the Senate 
composed of 25 members, elected for four years, one-Iialf evcrj' two years ; and the Ilouse of Representatives composed 
of 75 members, elected for two years. Members of both houses must be cilia?ns of the United States— senators must be 30 
yt-ars old, and have been resident in tJie State for 5 years; anil representatives must be 25. and have resided in the State 3 
years. These numbers may be increased when the population amounts to l,000,oOO, but the number of representatives 
must never exceed 100. Pay of members $2 a day for 42 days, and $1 a day afterward. In forming senatorial or repre- 
sentative districts, the number of whit^ inhabitants is only to be regarded. 

The Governor is elected quadrennially by a plurality of votes. He must be 35 years old, a citi/:en of the United States 
and a resident of tlie Slate for the 10 years next preceding. The Governor must reside at the seat of government, and is 
not eligible for re-election at a consecutive term. A majority of the members elected to botli houses may nullify the Gover- 
nor's veto on any act of the legislature. The Lieutenant-Governor is required to have the same qualifications as the 
Governor ; and in case of the death or disability of the chief executive, tlie Lieutenant-Governor acts iu his stead, and he 
is also ev-officio President of the Senate. 

The judiciarj- consists of a Supreme Court, Circuit Courts, and County Courts. The State is divided into three grand 
judicial divisions, each of which elects a judge for nine years, who must be 35 years of age, a citizen of the Imited 
Slates, and resident in the State five years ; and the three judges citmpose the Supreme Court, the jurisdiction of whieh-is 
original in cases relating to the revenue, c-ascs of mandamus and habeas corpus, and in some impeachments- iu all other 
cases appellate. One of the judges is elected every three years. This court holds one session in eacli division annually ; 
the terms are : Ist division, at Mount Vernon, on the second Monday in November ; 2d division, at Springfield, on the third 
Monday in December, and 3d division, at Ottawa, on the first Monday in W\ ruary. There are fifteen judicial circuits, each 

307 



ILLINOIS. 



of whicK elects a judge for six years, who must be 3i) years of age, and otherwise qualified as arc judges of the Supreme 
Court. Judges are not ehgible to any other office during their term, nor for one year after. Cook County has a District 
Ck)urt of Common Fleas. Kach county elects a judge tor four years, who holds a couuly court for the transaction of 
county and probate business, with limited civil and criminal jurisdiction. 

Among tlie provisiuns of the Co;»slitution are the foUtiwing: no State bank can be created nor revived ; acts creating 
banks must be submitted to the people and receive a majority of votes in their favor to become law ; stockholders are 
individually liable to the amount of their shares; corporations not for banking purposes maybe established under 
general laws; slavery and lotteries are prohibited ; duelling is a disqualitlcaliuu for ofiiee ; colored persons, free or slave, 
are not i)erniitted to come into the State. 

To aller the Constitution, the amendments must be passed by a two-thirds vote of the whole number of members 
elected to both houses, published and referred to the next legislature, and if passed again by a majority, then Ibey must 
be submitted to the pv'oi>le, whose approval by a majority vote makes them law. 

The calling of a convention to aniend the Constitution, if recommended by a two-thirds vole of the legislature, is 
submitted to the people, and if a majority of votes are in its favor, the convention shall be called by the succeeding 
legislature. Amendments can be proposed to but one article of the Constitution at one session. 

The mUitia of Illinois, according tc) the Army Kegistcr for ISol, consists of 170,359 men of all arms, of which 4.61S 
are commissioned officers, and 165,741 non-commissioned officers, musicians, and privates. Of the commissioned officers 
30 are general officers, 99 general staff officers, 1,297 field officers, and 3.192 company officers. 

The principal State henevolent imtitution is the Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb at Springfield. This institution was 
opened in January, 1S46. The number of pupils in January, 1S49, was 60, of whom 20 were females; and 10 were from 
Missouri and 1 from Iowa— the remainder from Illinois. The annual session commences the first Thursday in October. 

J'iiuinccs, Public Debt, etc. — The receipts into tiie treasury for the two years ending 30lh Kovember, 1S50, were 
$402,179 27, of which $394,103 53 was derived from taxes, and $S,075 74 from all other sources ; and the expenditures for 
the same period amounted to $336,126 27, of which $.137,196 16 was ordinary expenses of the government, $78,436 90 
special appropriations and expenditures, $4,61S 9S interest on funds due deaf and dumb asylum, $105,69S OS issued to 
school commissioners, and $176 Ip interest paid on old warrants. Jhe receipts for the two years exceeded the disburse- 
ments $76,06^3. The amount of Interest fund tax received for the same period was $290,326 S9, and the amount of 
interest paid was $203,034 50. The whole amount of real and personal estate sulyect to taxation in 1S49 was $105,432,752, 
upon which the State tax was $612,428, but which netted only $578,763 31. In 1350 the value of taxable property amount- 
ed to $114,7^2,645 (true or estimated valuation according to the census $150,595,006). The aggregate of the public 
debt on the 1st January, 1^51, was $16,027,609 91 ; of this $8,784,431 48 was state debt proper, and $7,843,023 43 the 
canal debt These two debts are explained as follows : 



STATE DEBT. 

Principal debt ffinded under act of 1547 $5,590,565 36 

Interest on same to same date 1,020,273 18 

Arrears of interest funded 1,945,435 27 

Unfunded internal improvement 

bonds $180,000 00 

Other kinds of indebtedness l-W.OSO 00 

Interest on last two amounts 173,261 40 

"Wiggins loan, princ'l and interest 142.000 00 
Liquidation bonds 150,000 UO 789,041 40 



$9,S46,2T0 21 
From which deduct interest paid from mill 
and a half tax, bonds surrendered, and sale 
of lands, etc. 501,788 73 



CANAL DEBT. 

Principal debt, exclusive Of $1,600,000 loan.. $7,079,117 OS 
Balance due on canal loan of $1,000,000 I,u33,000 00 



$3,112,117 08 
From which deduct: 
Interest paid from mill and a 

half tax $255,818 51 

Bonds and scrip redeemed and 
interest 13,270 14 269,033 65 



Total canal debt $7,843,028 48 

AGGREGATE nECT. 

State debt proper $3,784,481 43 

Canal debt 7,343,028 43 



$3,734,481 43 Total debt $16,027,509 91 

Federal Hepre^entation.—JlWno'is, in accordance with the law regulating the distribution of members to the United 
States House of Keprescntatives, occupies nine seats in that body. 

£:dttcatkm.—l\\'mois has large funds devoted to school i)urposes. On the 29th December, 1S5D, the permaneat funds 
applicable to the support of common schools amouuted to $790,120 66 ; and the university fund amounted to $90,839 53, and 
the seminary fund to $58,788 72— together making a total of $939,793 96. The whole of this sum has been borrowed by the 
State, which pays six per cent, interest on the amount. The interest on the common school fund is $47,407 23, which i^ 
divided among the several counties in j)roportion to the number of white children under 21 years of age. In 66 W)unlie3 
that made returns for the year 1850, there were 2,041 organized districts and school-houses, of which 1,370 were log- 
housed, 925 frame, 139 brick, and 37 stone, and of the whole number 106 contained more than one room. There were 
school libraries in 103 districts. The total amount of public moneys paid out for teachers' wages during the year was 
$148,371 09; amount, other than public moneys, $81,341 20 — total cost of teaching, exclusive of buildings, repaii-s, etc., 
$230,712 29. The principal colleges in the State are, Illinois College, at Jacksonville, founded in 1829, and in 1850 it 
had 7 professors, 93 alumni, 34 students, and a library of 3,000 volumes ; Shurtletf College, at Upper Alton (Baptist), 
founded in 1835, and in 1850 it had 6 professors, S alumni, and 13 students, with a library of 1,600 volumes ; M'Kendrce 
College, at Lebanon (Methodist), founded in 1835, and in 1550 it had 4 i)rofessors, S3 alumni, 57 students, and a library of 
1,700 volumes ; Ivnox College, at Galesburg, founded in 1337, and in 1350 it had 5 professors,. 16 alumni, 58 students, and 
a library of 3.000 volumes. Shurtleff College has connected with it a theological seminary ; and at Chicago is located the 
Eush Medical School, founded 1842, and in 1350 it had G professors, 70 students, and 16 graduates. 

Puhlic Libraries.— One State Library of 4,000 volumes, 2 social libraries of 2.821 volumes, 4 college libraries of S,120 
volumes, 2 student's libraries of 625 volumes, 2 academic libraries of 2,000 volumes, and 16 public school libraries of 2,850 
volumes — total 27 libraries, and 19,916 volumes. 

Periodical Press, etc. — The whole number of newspapers and other periodicals published within the State ts 119, of 
which 73 are politicid, viz. : 39 whig and 36 democratic, and 4=5 are devoted to literature, science, religion, etc. ; and 10 
are published daily, 4 tri-wcckly, 94 weekly, and 11 at other periods. The daily papers have an aggregate average 
803 



ILL 



ILL 



■ , ,■ „ ,f Q «l ^«niP, the iri-weeklv of 1,050 copies, ti.e weekly of 69,472 copies, mA lliose rublislie.l at olher period 
r/fc^nopie; 0? >l\:'e";n-en pertoI-L publiied 'at other periods, as above, 2 are se.i-montb.ies, V .or,tb,ie3, 1 

''"^*,« ^:i;:,S;LSheS:tS'::f t^e sev,ra. r^^ious aencinations in 1S30 are e.i.ibitea in U.e .„.owi„, 
table : 

Denomina- No. ol Clmrrti 



Cl>. 



Baptist 

Cbrislian... 
Congretral'l. 
Dutch lief. . 
Episcopal . . 

Free 

Friends 6 . 



.205 . 
. 87 . 
. 46 . 
. 2 , 
. 27 . 
. 2 



Cl.'ir.h 

91,620 

30,7.i4 

15,576 

S75 

14,ni]0 

750 

1,550 



Value of 
Fn»[>crly. 

. $2ll4,nU5 

. 42.1150 

. 89,250 

2,700 

. 7S.S50 

6.400 

2,«0 



Chi 
German Eef. 2 

Jewisli — 

Lutheran . 
Mennouite 
MeduKlist 
Mfjravian. 
rrcsbylerian.lOS 



. 40 . 

.3S9 . 
. 2 . 



IM) . 

10,440 . 

176,474 . 
400 . 
Sl,62l 



Value of 
Property 

JSIO 

40,120 

, 827.290 
350 
895,130 



Penoioina- No. of 


Cliorcli 


Value of 


turns. Cliurrlies. 


arrom. 


Property. 


U. Catlinlic.. 5S .. 


29,000 . 


51220,400 


Swedenbor'n. 1 . 


140 . 


800 


Tunker 4 . 


1,225 . 


. 2,250 


Union 31 . 


8,s75 . 


. 82,050 


Unitarian ... G . 


1,600 . 


9,000 


Universalist . 4 . 


1,300 . 


. 11,500 


Min(»r Secta. . 17 . 


6,S90 . 


. 11,050 



nrkin. a to,;, of'uiGv'eltur^c, having accotnmodation for C36,47S persons, and valued at $1,476,335. The State con- 
slilute3"lhe I'rotcMant Episcopal diocese of Illinois and the Itoman Catholic diocese of Clncago. 

r,^,', v-™ -T e whole n untber of p.tupers who reccive.l support within the year eutltng June 1st, ISoO, w,as 97, of 
J^ 'nXrm^n. nalive born and 4U foreign; and at the date specified the number of pauper., on the l,st was 

and England extended, disputes arose respecting the boundaries, '''"'^^.'^^^''"'''^'^''{^^^^^^ themselvea by 

anticip.ati„g a struggle lor the preservation of the.r Antcr,™,, l'*---'™»;, f^" ^^ „f1he Valley of the Mississippi, to 
forliflcalions on the lakes, on the Ohio, the Wabash, and '"""'f- "■^•^ '" " ''^, „''; "hTluZ neighboring streams 
which they Utid claim. The British, on the other hand claune.l '"« » ""^ ™ , „^., ,1"^ „n„, producetl hostilities 
by virtue of the charters they had granted. The ".'^;° C™>P■'^5^ -1.' ^ «. ™ 

between the two nations. At the close of the war, wh.ch gave to Bnlain the ' "™^^ "' ^ ■" ,,ependencv, nothing 

Claim to the Illinois country was also Cded to Great Bn.a.n Dunng ..s ™' ^ ! ^ ^^„^,f ' tt'kia and" Ihe othe? 
of itnporlance seems to have occurred. Few or no add>l...ns were " f^^^ '^^'"Xn above the Indians. At the peace 
French ports, the inhabitants of which were but little ren.oved „i scale of ""''^'^ '™ f ";^ '''q, "' ^1;^ ^.^, Maimed 

was made to the General Government, and by the '>"'l^^"'^l°'lll,'^^^^^^^ Union as a State, while the 

whole region. Ohio was made a separate territory in 1 , 99, and in ISO- w as => ""' ""° . ^.^^ ,,5,, 

remainder of the territory retained its territorial attributes uii, er the natn ^l^ -' '^ ^/^^^^^ ."' ^l^j;,^,, ,d„i„ed 

Si-mNGFiaD is the political capital of the State, and has been such since 1840. Kaskasku ana vanu 
cessively the metropolitan cities. 



Illinois Citt, p. v., Eock Island CO., II!. : 2 m. from the 
Mississippi r. ; 124 m. N. N. AV. Springlleld. 

Illinois river, Ind. Ter. ; an affluent of the Arkansas. 
It rises in Benton and Wasliington counties. Ark., and after 
receiving several tributaries in its course, falls into Arkansas 
r.,aliour4 m. above tlie confluence of Caiitulian r. Along 
its lower conrse there are numerous salt springs. 

Illinois river, III.: one of the largest affluents of the 
Mis.iisfiippi r. It is formed by the union of Des Plaines and 
Kankakee rivers, which come together at Kankakee village. 
The Dm Plaines rises in Wisconsin, a few miles above the 
boundary of Illinois, and about 6 m. from Lake Michigan. 



It nins a S. course over a bed of limestone, and through a 
fertile country. Groves of timber are found on its banks 
and are interspersed through the vast praine region. In 
many places .along it, banks rock is .abundant, and m some 
measure compensates the comparative scarcity of t nil-^ for 
buildings and fences. This r. is f'")"™'";"'',:^"" ^''"f 
names or OTIane. The Kankakee rises in the N. p. rt of 
Indiana, near the S. bend of SU Josephs ■••. ^"'^ ™ » 
westerly course into Illinois, where ■' 7«'™'. *t. ^ ^ 35 
and forms a Junction with the D™ ri-«s -n sect on 35 
township 34 N., and range S E. from the third p inupal 
meridiak Uere is a large body of fine "mber. 1 ut along 



ILL 

the river itself llicre is vcrj- little. It is a rapiJ stream, Had 
runs Ihroufrh a limestone bed. (,Stv Kankakee r.) The 
Illinois, formed hy these two main constituents, is Ihe largest 
navigable river within the State. From the junction it 
runs nearly a W. course for part of the distance over the 
Grand Rapids to Oltowa. at the mouth of Fox r., receiving 
Au Sable from the N. and Little cr., or Mazon, from the S. 
Along lliJs line, and especially at Marseilles, there is im- 
mense water-power, but no convenient navigation. The 
canal runs on the N. side, parallel with its bank. At Ottawa 
the r. is deep, and there is a convenient basin harbor for 
large steamboats, which ascend to this point in a high stage 
of the waters. The Lower Eapids, at a low stage of water, 
however, interrupt navigation between Ottowa and La Salle, 
where the Illinois and Michigan Canal terminates. The 
junction of the canal with the r., where have been con- 
structed commodious basins for both canal and steamboats, 
and it being the crossing place of the Central K. K., makes 
La Salle a business place of pre-eminent importance to the 
State. A short distance above, the Illinois receives Vermil- 
lion r. from the S., and Litlle Vermillion from the N., and 
about 6 m. aljove Hennepin it curves to the S., and then to 
the S. W., receiving Bureau and several smaller streams, 
and then expands into the beautiful sheet of water known 
as Peoria Lake. Three miles below Fcoria the Illinois 
receives the Kickapoo cr. from the N., and the same dis- 
tance below Pekin comes in Mackinaw from the W. Cop- 
peras cr. enters from the E. part of Fulton ci)., where for 
many miles the TV. bank of the r. below the bluffs is a low, 
swampy region, interspersed wilh strips of land elevated 
above high water, the most conspicuous of which is Bailey's 
Island, or Liverpool, handsomely situated above the highest 
flood. Near Havanna, on the E. side, is a lagoon or slough, 
which in former times was frequently mistaken for the main 
stream, and directly opposite that village Spoon r. conies 
in from the N. E. Pursuing the course of the r. downward 
the mouth of Otter cr., from the W., is passed, and one or 
two other trifling streams, and at the N. W. corner of Cass 
00. the Sangamon r. flows in. Sugar cr. comes in It-om tlie 
W., near the bluflii of which is located Schuyler City. Six 
miles below Beardstown, Crook cr. enters from the W., and 
a few miles farther down, Indian cr., which loses itself in 
the inundated bottoms belbre its waters enter the Illinois. 
M'Kee's cr., from the W., enters the Illinois 2 ni. below 
Naples, and 2 m. below that, from the E., the Mauvaise 
Terre. Passing Big and Litde Blue rivers, two maguiflcent 
streams from the W., the Sandy, from the S. W. part of 
Scott CO., enters the r. Macoupin cr.. Otter, Paccoon, and 
other creeks, enter the r. farther down. At Naples the 
Illinois turns to a more southerly course, which it pursues 
tUl within 6 m. of the Mississippi, where it bends to the S. E., 
and finally to an E. course, where its waters unite with that 
river behind a cluster of islands. The parting of the chan- 
nels of the Mississippi and Illinois rivers for steamboat 
navigation is at Grafton, 2 m. below its mouth. 
Imlavstown, p. v., Monmouth CO., X. Jer. 
iMOErENDENCE county. Ark. Situate N. E. centrally, and 
contains 1,007 sq. m. Big Black r. bounds it on the E., and 
■White r. flows through from W. to E., and their aHluents 
drain it. Surface mostly rolling, and soil highly productive. 



IND 

Cotton and tobacco are grown, but it is best adapted to 
grain and grass, which yield finely, and feed many cattle 
and hogs. On the rivers are the best of ash and cypress 
forests. Farms 094; manuf. 10: dwell. 1,159, and poi>— 
wh. 6,927, fr. col. 12, si. 823— total 7,707. Cupitnl: Batcs- 
ville. 

Independence, p. v., "Warren co., Ltd. : on the "W. side 
of Wabash r., 03 m. N. W. Indianapolis. A plank-road 
runs hence to Oxford, Benton co. 

Independence, p. o., Grayson CO., Mrg. : 217 m.W. S. W 
Richmond. 

Independence, p. v., and cap. Kenton CO., Ki/. : 51 m. 
N. N. E. FrankforL It contains a court-house, jail, several 
stores, and about 30 dweUings. It is 10 m. from Covington. 
Pop. 250. 

Independence, p. v., and cap. .Jackson co.. Mo. : about 
4 m. S. of Missouri r., and 129 m. W. by N. Jefferson City. 
It has a court-house, jaU, etc., several extensive stores, and 
about SOO inhabitants. There are two newsp-apers published 
here, the " Missouri Commonweallh," issued semi-weekly, 
and " Occidental Messenger," weekly. This is a great ren- 
dezvous of overland emigration to the Pacific, and a point 
through which the Pacific E. R. wiU be carried. IB busi- 
ness, which is immense, is chiefly connected wilh emigra- 
tion, and here many of the emigrants obtain the bulk of 
their supplies. It has also some Indian trade. 

Independence, t and p. v., Alleghany CO., 2f. Y. : 208 m. 
W. by S. Albany. Drained by Independence and Cryder's 
creeks, heads of Genesee river. Surface elcTated and 
rolling; soil clayey loam, and superior for grass-growing. 
A farming t., which makes some woolen goods. In the T. 
are several stores and mills. Pop. of 1. 1,701. 

Independence, t. and p. c, Cuyahoga co., Ohio : 117 m. 
N. E. by N. Columbus. Drained by the Cuyahoga and ils 
branches. Surface diversified ; soUs rich and fertile. The 
Ohio Canal passes through the v., about 9 m. S. Cleveland. 
Pop. 1,4S5. 

Independence, sta., Richland Co., OMo: on the San- 
dusky, Mansfield, and Newark E. E., 76 m. from Sandusky, 
and 41 from Newark. 

INDKPENDENCE, p. V., -Washington CO., Peim. : 173 m. W . 
Ilarrisburg. 

Independence, p. o., Autauga county, Ala. : 23 m. N.W. 
Montgomery. 

Independence, p. v., Washington co., Tex.: about S m. 
W. of Brazos r., 81 m. E. Austin City. It has a high situa- 
tion in La Bahia .prairie, 10 m. £rom 'Washinglun, with 
extensive be<l3 of coal in its vicinity. 

Indbpbndence, p. o., M'Lean county, III. : 76 in. N. E. 
Springfield. 

IsDEPEsnENCE, p. V., Bud Cap. Buchanan co., la. : on Iho 
E. side of Wabsipinicon r., 59 m. N. N. E. Iowa City. It 
has a court-house, etc., and about 30 dwellings. 

Independence IIili., p. o., Prince WiUiam co., nrg. : 84 
m. N. Richmond. 

Independence river, X T.: an affluent of Black r. It 
rises in Hamilton co., and fiows W. to its confluence with 
the Black, about 2 m. E. of Marlinsburg. 

iNDESYiLLE, p. v., Surry CO., N. Car.: 127 m. TV. N. W. 
Raleigh. 



THE STATE OF INDIANA. 



iNmANA* lies in the fonn of a parallelogram between Ohio and Illinois, and extends (Vom M.chipn, on the north, to 
the OWo Eiv r on the onth. Geographically, it is situated between the latitudes 370 51' and 41= 4^north, and bet^veen 
he Witudes 650 4^ 3„" and S80 ? 3n'' west fVom Greenwich, or SO 47' 80" and lio 0' 3." from Washington. Its ex- 
Ueme length fro m north to south U 270 mUes, and its greatest width 170 mUes; but ils average length is only about 

. T,,. a.n„i,. .„„..,.o. .r ,„e s„.,, ,cc„,d,„. .0 d. „,o.„™c. ,.c„n^„, ^^^^^ZZ::S'Z^:^^^".^'^Z^ 

„„ ™,„li,n l,„e wl.id. form, ,h» »e...™ bo.nj.r, of U,» Su, = of "l""- 1>™S » "^A .Ho by » ^r -n nlo„. U.. m.d.ll. of «,. W,l,„l. 

:::;r;^:r;:!::;::!:^r:r';;::;::::::'i.i;Lo, „. ™. ... »=., ... a„»„ o.™..,. » ,.,. t» ^... ».«., .f «. .o„t.«. 

„lr.m. of l.ale Michig.n : ™ tUe „.«;. b, tb. S.,J .a,t :.«d "e.t line," '''.. to begmn.ns. 

310 



INDIANA. 



242 miles, and its average breadth not more than 153 miles; and within these limits the area of its superficies is 33,S09 
square miles. 

The general features of Indiana are those which pertain to all countries where mountain, In the strict sense of the 
word, is wanting; fur if wc except the river-liills nnd the accumulations of sand on the southern shore of Lake Michigan, 
no portion of tJie couutry has any continuous or (Jefinite elevation which even a florid imagination coidd dignify by such 
a term, and all of mountain that really appears is a few isolated *• knobs," wliich serve only to diversify the scenery. 
Nearly twtKthirds of the State is level, or at most, undulating, and a most singular feature of the country is the absence 
of any watershed or dividing ridge, such as almost every goograpliical region presents, froui which the waters flow in 
diJfcrent directions ; still, Iiowever, the couutry has continuous slopes of great extent, and the difference in elevation of the 
higlieet land and the Ohio River at the Falls is nearly 600 feet, an«l a considerable diflTerence is observed (about 70 feet) 
between the levels on the Ohio, at the Falls, and at the mouth of the Wabash, the latter being the lowest. 

The river-hills, of which previous mention has been made, extend at various distances from, and parallel to, the courses 
of the Ohio and other streams, and inclose what arc termed the bottom-lands, which are cliicfly eovere<l with a rich 
alluvial soil, and tiiickly set with forests. These hills, along the Ohio Kivcr, are generally as high !is the highest levels 
of the interior, often of a rugged and broken aspect, and where torn through by the tributaries of the Ohio, present nmch 
imposing scenery. Behind these a table-land spreads out and forms what with propriety may be termed the interior 
of the country; and now every thing is changed. Instead of the bottoms, with their mighty forests, the most various 
landscape apjiears ; here are extensive groves of oak, ash, and other trees— there vast prairies, sea-like in their dimen- 
sious, and with untroubled surface; here the land undulates or rolls, as if formed hiUt billows, by the dalliance of soft 
winds, and oeeasionally hills, rising from 100 to 300 feet high, remind us of a tempest-tossed sea, when the waves accu- 
mulate in their might. There is such a marked difference between the several parts of the country, however, that no 
general description could embrace it;* topography, and hence it is neoiissary to detail its principal characteristics and its 
divisions as indicated by nature. 1. The Ohio Valley, including that of the White Water, coutains some 5,000 square 
miles. This is a limestone region ; it was originally clothed with heavy forests ; and the soil in the bottoms, hill-tops, and 
sides is very rich. The hills are abrupt and broken, and the numerous tributaries of the Ohio liiver break through them 
in every direction. Many of these streams in dry weather show only the marks where the torrents have disappeared 
almost as soon as the storms which occasioned them. Of this ilivision of the State, about two-thirds is good forming 
land, and the residue either too hilly or the soil loo poor for profitable culture. The poorest part is in the flats at the 
heads of the streams. 2. The White Kivcr Valley extends from the Wabash centrally through the Stale to the Ohio line, 
and covers about 9,000 square miles of surlaee. It is almost uniformly level and heavily timl>ered, except in the western 
parts, where there are some prairies and barrens, and ranges of low rugged hills. The whole valley is destitute of rock, 
and tlie soils are of the richest kind, with little that is unprotilable. Most of the streams are clear an<l never-failing, and 
water-power is generally abundant. 3. The Waba.sh Valley is Ihe largest division, and embraces an area of upward 
of 12,1)00 square miles. II interlocks with the valley of the White Uiver, and the eastern portion resembles it. It is equally 
fertile, but more broken. The middle part of the valley has abundant water-power, but in the upper and lower parts it is 
less plentiful. From the river-bills, on the Ohio, to the Wabash, llie surface is an inclined plane, and it is not a little 
curious to find streams, Ihe head waters of wliich are near the borders of the Ohio Valley, traversing toward the Wabash, a 
river so much farther distant from their sources. 4. The nor^i part of llic State, watered by the St. Joseph's and the 
Kankakee, is much similar in its general character to the Wabash country, but is. perhaps, more swampy, and near the 
lake the country has extensive sand-hills, which are covered only with stunted and shriveled pines and burr-oaks. 

Indiana has numerous fine rivers, but for navi-;able ni'-;joses few of them except the Ohio, Wabash, White, etc., aro 
at all eligible ; most of them, however, aflurd valuaiue water-i>ower. The Ohio, the final reservoir of the principal water- 
courses of the State, borders the whole couiitry on the south, from the mouth of the Miami to that of the Wabash, a 
distance, by the river's course, of 3S0 miles. Between these two jtoints few streams of any volume empty into it, and none 
exceed 30 or 40 yards in width at their mouths. Laughery, Indian Kentucky, Silver, Indian, Blue, Anderson, Bit; Pigeon, 
Little Pigeon, etc., are the principal. The White Water joins the Miami six miles at>ove its entrance into the Ohio. The 
Wabash, which rises in Ohio, runs first north, then north-west, then west, then soutli-west, then south, and again south- 
west, making the whole distance to its junction with the Ohio, upward of liOO miles, of which more than one half is 
navigable. Its principal tributaries are : from the south and east, the Salamonie, Mississinewa, Wild Oat, Sugar or 
liock, Kaccoon, White, and Patoka rivers; and from the west and north, Little Wabash and Embarras rivers in Illinois, 
Vermillion in both States, and in Indiana altogether, Tippecanoe, Eel, and Little rivers. White Kiver, the most important 
of these, empties into the Wabash, 100 mites above its mouth; the West Fork, its longest branch, rises in Randolph 
County, near the Ohio line, and rims in a south-west direction, receiving in its course Eel Elver, Fall Creek, etc. ; and the 
East Fork, the principal tributaries of which are Salt Creek, the Muscatatuek, Sand Creek, Clifty, Flat Rock, and 
Sugar creeks, rises in liipley County, and has a western course to its junction with the West Fork — the two form- 
ing White River proper — about fifty miles from its entrance into the Wabash. The St. Joseph's and St. Mary's form 
the Maumce, which passes to Ohio and Lake Erie. Another St. Joseph's and its tributaries, the Elkhart, etc., pass 
through the northern tier of counties, ami ultimately fall into Lake Michigan. The Kankakee, the principal branch of the 
Illinois Kivcr, rises near South Bend, and runs sluLj^'ishly through tlie north-western counties for 100 miles, and in its 
course recciv es Yi-Uow liiver, a stream about 50 miles long ; extensive nmrshes everywhere bound its course. Deep and 
Calumic rivers lie near and south of Lake Michigan, and in some places are only separated from it by banks of sand. 
The Iroquois or Pickamink rises south of the Kankakee, and runs nearly parallel to it for 50 miles, and joins it in Illinois. 

Besides Lake Michigan, on the northern border, there are numerous other hut small lakes in different parts of the 
Slate, principally to the north of the Wabash Uiver. Several of them have no outlets ; they are generally clear, howeven 
and have sandy shores an<l bottoms. They sehlora exceed a few acres in extent, though some at the head of Tippecanoe 
River and Turkey Creek, and near La Porte, cover several hundred acres. Mexancukkee Lake, a beautiful sheet of 
water, in Marshall County, is three miles long an*! half as broa<l; and Beaver Lake, six miles long and three miles wide, 
covers 10,000 acres. All these lakes abound in fish, and form in the surrounding scene objects which attract the gaze 
of the traveler. 

The concluding chapter of the Report of D. D. Owen on the Oeology of Indiana, thus sums up the results of his rccon- 
noissancc on that topic: "Three ircological formations exist in Indiana. 1st. a biluminnus coal formation. occu]iying that 
portion of the State west of the second principal meridian ; -id, a li;nestone formation ^similar to the mountain limestone 
of European geologists), prevailing in the counties east of that meridian ; 3d, a diluvium, consisting of deposits of clay, 

311 



INDIANA. 



sand, gravel, and boulders, overlying, and in rauny places eoveriiig up, ibc Iwo other furmations lo a greater or less depth, 
particularly in the northern part of the State. Now, as in this country no perfect seams of bituminous c<»al are loiind 
associated with calcareous deposits, similar lo those of Middle and Eastern Indiana, the geologist can confideully predict 
that it is a waste of time and labor to search for coal in any part of the Suite east of this second meridian — for instance, as 
has been done in the neighborhood of the black bituminous aluminous slate, stretching north in a narrow band, com- 
mencing at New Albany, iu Floyd County, and extending through part of Clarke, Scott, Jennings, Bartholomew, 
Decatur, and probably beneath the diluvium in a northerly direction toward Klkbart. If wo were lo speculate, from 
geological observalious, on the future condition of Indiana, we should say that the western counties arc destined to 
become one day the chief manufacturing counties; since, with a few exceptions, all large manufacturing towns and " 
districts are situated on the coal formation. The freestones of this formation being soft and fissile, owing to the existenca 
of mica disseminated in layers through their substance, and to the ferrugiijous cement which unites their particles, being 
liable to undergo alterations by the action of the almosjiliere upon it, a careful selection by the builder is always neces- 
sary. In several places, jjarticularly toward the base of the formation, or near its eastern boundary, as at Attica, Williams- 
port, on Pine Creek, and n<-arthe French Lick, with a litUe care, freestone, white and fine grained, ami cxcelleiUly suited 
for architectural purposes, may be readily obtained. In character and geographical position it resembles the ceiebnled 
Scoti-h freestone, of which the new town of Edinburgh, and a portion of the town of Glasgow are built. At New Harmony 
there is a quarry of freestone, yielding rock that has st<jod the test of twenty years, yet it is by no means equal to the strata, 
above alluded to in our eastern counties. A freestone of a very fine grain and while color is quarried at the French hick, 
west of Paoh; it is manufactured into whetstones, that answer admirably for putting a fine edge cm tools, and for polish- 
ing; Ihey arc exported to all parts of the United States. Good grindstones are also manufactured from a similar stratum 
of these freestones, of a coarser grain. The eastern boundary or base of the coal formation is the most likely place to 
afford saH water; for we find the most productive salt wells throughout the Western country occupying in tlie inferior 
members of the coal formation. Thus, should symptoms of salt water make their appearance in the counties of Perry, 
Spencer, Dubois, Martin, Daviess, Greene, Owen, Clay, Putnam, Montgomery, or Tippecanoe, the encouragement to 
make a search would be greater tlian if found elsewhere in the Slate. Salt, however, is not, strictly speaking, 
constant in its geological position. Iti Europe- it usually occurs in the new red sandstone, a formation higher and of more 
recent origin than the bituminous coal formation ; while on the llolston, a tributary of the Tennessee Itiver, there is a fino 
salt deposit, surrounded by gypsum or plaster of Paris, lying on the grauwacke formation. Two or three salt wells have 
been sunk in the knobs east of Bloomington, through the silicioua beds belonging to the sub-carboniferous group. The 
salt is of excellent quality ; but the water has hitherto proved too weak Uy afford a fair profit. The boring after salt is, in 
truth, at all limes attended with considerable uncertainty. Quantities of argillaceous iron ore — from which in Great 
Britain 600,000 tons of iron are annually obtained — occur in some of the clay slates of the bituminous coal formation 
of Indiana. Some of iJie clay slates answer well for fire-brick ; that now excavated near Troy is to be manufactured into 
fire-brick for sale — an important article of commerce in a country where steam-engines are so extensively used, and 
indispensable where furnace operations are carried on to any extent. Some of our clays in the coal formation answer 
well for the manufacturing of stone-ware and gray pottery-ware: such wares are now manufactured from them at Troy. 
Since I first called the attention of the proprietors to the deposit of the hydratcd brown oxide of iron, near the Falls 
of Eel liiver, examinations have been made by digging in four or five different places; ore has been struck in all of them; 
many tons have been thro^\Ti up, and the prospects are so encouraging tliat the proprietors of the Falls are now 
endeavoring to form a company, to erect a furnace, and commence, on an extensive scale, smelting the ore. Sandstone 
being the pre»lominaUng roclc in the coal formation, and the greatest part of the soil of those western counties being 
formed from its disintegration, we find it generally of a sandy character. The dip and position of the various beds 
belonging to coal measures are generally constant, unless where, from the protrusions of basalt or greenstone, those 
volcanic disturbances, called by the miners ^/tiulta,'* * trotihle-%'' or ' difkes,^ have disturbed the regularity of position. If, 
then, the general dip and order of succession of the strata can be ascertained, and these should appear to be frto from 
faults or material undulation, a pretty correct estimate might be formed of the deplh of the various seams of coal and 
other strata in different parts of the coal-fields of Imliana. Most of the limestones in the oolitic series — that is, those 
occurring in the counties of Crawford, Orange, Lawrence, Monroe, Owen, and Putnam — make good building materials. 
The encrinital limestones in Harrison, Washington, Jackson, Bartholomew, and Morgan counties, are also very suitable 
for that purpose; but the silicious strata, or sand rocks, in these counties, are generally soft and crumbling, and by no 
means durable. The only use that the black bituminous aluminous slate, occurring in the sub-carboniferous group, can 
be put to, is for the manufacture of alum. The aub-carbonifcrous group affords a water-lime, which appears to be a 
compound chiefly of limestone and clay, with some bituminous matter. It is associated with the black bituminous 
aluminous slate above mentioned. Some of the limestone in its neighborhood — for instance, those rocks which are 
excavated at the top of tlie hill behind Madison — contain green earth, and some are impregnated with bitumen and 
snlphuret of iron. In making a selection of building materials in such strata, care should be taken not to use any such 
unless their durability has been well tj,'Slcd, for they are generally liable to decay. The fossiliferous limestones of East 
Indiana, namely, those found in Jefferson, Switzerland, Dearborn, Ripley, Franklin, Fayette, ami Union counties, are 
durable rocks, and some of them make beautiful marbles. The sub-carboniferous formation of Indiana is identical 
with the formation occurring in Middle Tennessee, in which the enormous deposits of the hydrated brown oxide of iron, 
constrtuling so much of the mineral wealth of that State, are found. The deposits of this kind of ore in Indiana, how- 
ever, although found in the same formation, are not associated with exactly the same strata. In Tennessee they are in 
the silicious strata, just above the encrinital limestone : those at present discovered in Indiana are either resting on the 
oolitic series of limestone, or near the bituminous aluminous slate. The soil in Crawford, Lawrence, Orange, Monroe, 
Owen, and Putnam counties, being formed chiefly from the oolitic limestones, has a calcareous character, and is admira- 
bly adapted for the growth of grasses. Clay will be found to predominate in the soil of the counties of Floyd, Clark, 
Scott, Jennings, and parts of Bartholomew, Decatur, Shelby, Johnson, Marion, and ILincock, because the soil of these 
counties is underlayed by clay slates. Hence we find the beeeh-lree, which delights in a clayey soil, there growing 
luxuriantly. The soil of Jefferson, Switzerland, Dearborn, Ilijiley, Franklin, Fayette, TTuion. and parts of Decalur and 
Rush, being formed upon alternating strata of clay and limestone, must partake chiefiy of tliesc two earths. This soil is 
also well adapted to the growth of grasses. The soil of the north-western counties appears to be a siliceo-calearcoua 
sand, resting upon a clay bottom ; tliis I conceive to be the reason why it is so mu(^h more productive than its external 
appearance promises. These points, however, I intend more fully to vcril>' by analysis so soon as I can get samples 
812 



INDIANA. 



of all the various soils. As yol. my opinion ha? been fDrmcl cluL-tly Ir-'m oculjir (>l)servation, and reasoninjj from gen- 
eral principles. The waler in Ihe norlli-westcrn counties is stronj^ly iniprL'gnated witli carbonic acid ; Ihis, acting as a 
solvent upon limestone and the protoxide of iron, dissolves them whenever it mceLs tliem in its passage to the surface. 
And thus we find these waters, often highly charged with tliesc two iiigredienlj, forming calcareous and chalybeate 
springs. As they lose very soon, by exposure to llie air, the excess of carlKinic acid, wliicli acts as a solvent of these 
ingredients— and as iron is brought also by the same exposure to air to a higher degree of oxidation, and therefore to a 
more insoluble form— these two causes acting tof;cther, soon produce deposits of calcareous tufas and bog-iron ore, so 
frequently found in that country. The quantily of bog-iron ore is tliercfore continually on the increase. The greater part 
of Indiitna nmst have been, at some period of the earth's history, covered by an ocean, for most of the fijssils in the 
limestones are of a marine origin. None of the precious metals will ever be found in Indiana, imless in minute portions 
in boulders, or in small quantities in combination with other melab, because the primitive and grauwaei.e formations, in 
which alone prtMluctive mines of gold and silver ore occur, do notoxist in Indiana. It is true lliat, in aome rave instances, 
silver is found as a sulphuret and as red silver ore in such formations as exist in the Western country; but I liavc seen 
no symptoms of any such in our State. The same may be saitl of bismuth, tin ore, an*! native arsenic. The only metals 
which we need look for are iron, lead, antimony, manganese, zinc, cobalt, and possil;ly some varieties of copper and 
arst-nie ores. It is not likely that anthracite coal will ever be found in Indiana, because that mineral is usually found 
in the primitive and grauwacke formations. Several detached pieces of native copper have been found in tlie Jitate, one 
weighing five poumls; but, from the nature of the ore, its occurring in washed gravels, and only in isolated jdeces, I have 
reason to believe that they do not originate in the State. I may add, that the Kupferschiefer of the German miners 
>ields, at the mines of Mansfield, in Thuringia, an abundant supply of C()iiper ore. This copper slate, as found at the 
bottom of (he new red samlstone ftjrmation, which overlies the bituminous coal formation, and copper ores, have been 
foimd in the carboniferous and mountain limestone ; there is, therefore, a possibility of discovering workable eo])i)er ore 
in the formati<ms of Indiana. The fertility of the soil of Indiana is universally admitted, yet few are aware that it arises 
mainly from its geological position. It is well known to gettlogists that that soil is the most productive which has been 
derived from tlie destruction of the greatest variety of different rocks ; for lluis only is produced Itie due mixture of gravel, 
sand, clay, and limestone, necessary to form a. good medium for the retention and transmission of nutritive Huids, be they 
liquid or aeriform, to the roots of plants. Now, Indiana is situated near the middle of the Great Valley of north-western 
America, and far distant from the primitive range of mountains ; and her soil is accordingly formed from tJie deduction 
of a vast variety of roeke, both crystalline and seditnentary, which have been minutely divided and intimately blended 
together by the action of air and water. It has all the elements, therefore, of extraordinary fertility." 

The forests of Indiana contain all the trees natural to the soil and climate of the whole central region of the Tntied 
States; oaks an<l beech-trees, however, preponderate; they are found in almost every portion of the State, and jirobably 
count two-thirds of the whole number of its forest trees. Next in order are the sugar-tree, hickory, ash, walnut, popLir, 
elm, sycamore, cherry, hackberry, linden, coffee-tree, honey locust, and white maple, which are as widely diffused as the 
nak am! beech. The black locust is abundant near the Ohio Kiver, but is not found in the interior; the chestnut is 
only found in the neighborhood of the upper course of the east fork of "White liiver; the pine is only found on the 
"knobs." near the Ohio, and on the sand-hills near Lake Michigan, while the tamarack is found only in the swamps 
of the Kankakee. The cypress, catalpa, and pecan, are chiefly fovmd in the counties on both sides of the AVliite liiver, 
below the junction of the forks ; and cotton-wood is rare, except on the bottoms of the southi-rti streams. Of the smaller 
trees and undergrowths, the prineijial are the dogwood, pawpaw, spear, plum, and thorn, and the persimmon and cnib- 
ajiple. Many of the forest trees attain magnificent dimensions, and in numerous instances the oak, sycatnorc, walnut, and 
poplar have been found, measuring from five to seven feet in diameter, and more than 120 and 130 feet in height. The 
iiKligenous fruit trees found in Indiana comprise the wild plum, hawthorn, persimmon, pawp.aw, wild cherr>', nudberry, 
crab-apple, etc. These are found intermingling with forest trees, or bordering the prairies anti barrens. Cranlierries aro 
abundant in the north, and wiM grapes, blackberries, gooseberries, an<l strawberries of excellent flavor grow sponta- 
neously, and giving assurance that the corresponding domestic fruits can be cultivated with success. Walnuts, hickory 
nuts, and hazel nut^, are unusually abundant, and generally oak and beech mast is found in such quantities as to con- 
tribute largely both to feeding ami fattening hogs. 

Indiana is divided into 91 counties, the general statistics of which and the ca]>itals of each in 1850 were as follows : 

lit. fcstiib. • 

11.. Decatur 

Fort Way no 



Counties, Dwell. Pop. 

Adams 1,002.. 5,797.. 57-1 

Allen 3,097. .lt>,910. .1,300 

Bartholomew .2,14i>..12,4-:;6..1,iM9 



Benton 180., 

Blackford 514. 

Boone 1,914. 

Brown 790. 

Carroll 1.909. 

Cass I,8fi3. 

Clark 2,757. 

Clay 1.32t). 

Clinton 2,001. 

Crawford 1,027. 

Daviess l.c^OS. 

Dearborn 3,549. 



1,144. 
2,8G0. 
11,631. 
4,84(1. 



149 
, 306.. 
,1.393 
, 535 



11,015.. 1.129. 
11,021.. 1,134. 



15 828. 
7,944. 
11,869. 
, 6,524. 
10,352. 
20,166. 



1,048. 
, 829. 
1,411. 
, 540. 
1221. 
1.520. 



Decatur. 2.662. .15,107.. 1,377. 



DeKalb 1,421. 

Delaware 1,874. 

Dubois 1,146, 

Elkhart 2,2.>i. 

Fayette 1,818. 

Floyd 2,448. 



8,251. 
10,843. 
, 6,321. 
,12,690. 
.10.217. 
.14,87.->. 



831. 
1,084. 
, 794. 
,1.226. 
. 956. 



. Columbus 
. O.xford 
. Hartford 
.Lebanon 
5. .Nashville 
79.. Del phi 
108..Logansport 
88..Charlestown 
10.. Bowling Green 
21.. Frankfort 
33..Levenwofth 
11. .Washington 
72 . . Lawren ceburg 
39. .Greensburg 
16. .Auburn 
34. .Muucietown 

9.. Jasper 
70. .Goshen 
116. .Coimersville 



428.. 106.. New Albany 



CcHiiities, 

Fountain . 
Franklin. , 
Fulton ... 
Gibson . . , 



litah. 



..2,'1j1.. 13,233.. 1,307.. 103.. Covington 
.3,286.. 17,968.. 1,739.. 131.. Bi-ookville 

,.1,085.. 5,982.. 777.. 13. .Rochester 
.1,833.. 10,771. .1,220.. 23. .Princeton 



Grant 1,884. .11,092.. 900.. 52. .Marion 



Greene 2,089. . 12,313 . . 1,227 

Hamilton 2,159. .12,684. .1,261 

Haucocll 1,685.. 9,698 

Harrison 9,645 .. 1.5,286 

Hendriclis 2,390. .14,083 

Henry 3,064 .. 17,605 

Howard 1,190. 

Huntington ...1,3.56. 
Jackson 1,9.56 



1,176 

1,6.50 

1,444 

1,666 
6,6.57.. 746, 
7,8.50.. 782.. 32. 
11,047.. 1,173.. 18, 



26. 



Jasper .. 

Jay 

Jetferson 

Jennings 2.064 

Johnson 2,067 

Knox 1,969 

Kosciusko . . ..1,783, 
La Grange 1,479. 



592.. 3,.540. 
1,179. 
4,092. 



343.. 

7.(M7.. 876.. 

23,916.. 1,396. 

18,096.. 1,208. 

12,101.. 1,153. 



.11.084. 
.10,243. 
. 8,387. 



, 961. 
1,127. 
1.062. 



Q2' 



. 39..Bkiomlicld 
. 16. .Noblesvillo 
. 36.. Greenfield 
. 19..Coryd()U 
.110. .Danville 
124. .Newcastle 
Kokomo 
Huntington 
.Hrownstown 
, Rensselaer 
, Portland 
Madison 
Vernon 
Franklin 
Vincennes 
Warsaw 
La Grange 
818 



9. 
138. 
78. 
25. 
37., 
21.. 
64.. 



INDIANA. 



CoUDtieB. Dwelt. 

Lnke 715. 

I.al'orle i,lii. 

Lawn^nce 2,01^. 

Madison li,159. 

MHiion 3,1184. 

Miiliihnll 928. 

Martin 1,025. 

Miami 1,944. 

Monroe 1,892, 

Montgomery. .2,971. 

Morgan 2,4U1. 

Nolile 1,393. 

Oliio 946. 

Orange 1,841. 

Owen 2,000. 

Parke 2,4fi8. 

Perry 1,231. 

Pike 1,261. 

Porter 885. 

Posey 2,260. 

Pulaski 454. 

Putnam 3,088. 

Bandolph 2,513. 

Ripley 2,667. 



Pop. 

. 3,991. 
12,145, 
12,097. 

.12,373. 

.24,013. 

. 5,348. 

. .5,941. 

.11,304. 

.11,286. 
18,084. 

.14,,W6. 

. 7,946. 

. 5,308. 

.10,809. 

.12,106. 

.14,968. 

. 7,268. 

. 7,720. 

. 5,234. 

.12,549. 

. 2,595. 

.18,613. 

.14,735. 

.14,820. 



Farms 


Manf. 


in cult. 


EsUb. 


423. 


. 5.. 


1,116. 


.122. 


1,031. 


. 19. 


1,494. 


. 87. 


1,581. 


.179.. 


. 570. 


. 10. 


633. 


. 18.. 


1,184. 


. 48. 


1,230. 


. 46.. 


1,880. 


. 87.. 


1,392. 


. 14. 


. 772. 


. 16. 


. 386. 


. 34. 


1,118. 


. 8. 


1,142. 


. 26.. 


1,390. 


63.. 


540. 


. 14.. 


909. 


o 


467. 


13.. 


1,270. 


26.. 


286. 


. 0. 


1.696. 


42.. 


1,477. 


12.. 


1,493. 


. 49.. 



Capitals. 
.Crown Point 
.La Porte 
. Bedibrd 
.Anderson 
.Indianapolis 
.Plymouth 
. Dover HlH 
.Peru 

.liloomington 
.Crawi'ordsville 
.Martinsville 
.Albion 
.Rising Sun 
.Paoli 
.Spencer 
.Rockville 
.Rome 
.Petersburg 
. Valparaiso 
.Mount Vemou 
.Winnnmac 
.Green Castle 
.Winchester 
. Versailles 



Counties. Dwelt. 

Rush 2,824. 

Scott 1,040. 

Shelby 2,721. 

Spencer 1,485.. 

Stark 100. , 

Steuben 1,109., 

St. Joseph 1,885. 

Sullivan 1.673. 

Switzerland . .2,254. , 
Tippecanoe .. .3,227. , 

Tipton 627. 

Union 1,220.. 

Vanderburgh .2,059. . 
Vermillion.... 1,,509., 

Vigo 2,643. 

Wabash 2,079. 

Warren 1,273. 

\"arrick 1,513. 

Washington . .2,897. 

Wayne 4,315. 

Wells 1,021.. 

White 821.. 

Whitley 913.. 



Pop. 

16,443. 

5,885. 
,15,502. 

8,616. 
537. 

6,104. 
10,954. 
10,141. 
12,932. 
19,377. 

3,532. 

6,944. 
11,414. 

8,061. 
15,289. 
12,138. 

7,387. 
. 8,811. 
17,040. 
25,320. 

6,152. , 

4,761. 

5,190.. 



Farrrs Manf. o^^j,,.. 



in cult. 
1,809. 

719. 
,1,620. 

988. 
53. 

586. 

847. 
1,215. 
1,270. 
1,377. 

339. 

606. 

743. 

733. 
1,113. 
1,068 

782. 
, 994 
1,718. 
1,934. 

640. 

458. 

522. 



. 59..RushviUe 
. 14. .Lexington 
. 59..Shelbyvill8 
. S8..Rockport 
. O..Knox 
. 28.. Angola 
. 45.. South Bend 
. 31.. Sullivan 
. 79..Vevay 
.204.. Lafayette 
. 1.. Tipton 
. 35.. Liberty 
. 76..Evansville 
. 46.. Newport 
.130..TerreUauto 
. 57.. Wabash 
. 18.. Williamsport 

Ii3..Boonevine 
. 83.. Salem 
.213..Centrevill8 
. 14..Bluft'ton 
. 10. .Monticello 
. 8. .Columbia 



The whole number of dwellini^s in the State was, at the above date, 170,17S ; of families 171,564, and of inhabitants 
9SS,416, viz. : whiles 9rT,Cti6— males 506,400, and females 411,205 ; free col. 10,7SS— in.ales 5,-lT2, and fcin.alcs 5,316. Of the 
whi)lc population, there were deaf and dumb — wh. 514, fr, col. 4 — total 513; hliml — wh, 340, fr, col. 9 — total 349; insajie — 
wh, 569, fr. col. 10 — total 579 ; and idiotic — wh. 906, fr. col. l.S — total 919. The number of free persons born in the United 
States was 931^92, the number of foreigin birth 54,426, and of birth unknown 2,598 ; the native population originated as 
follows : Maine 976, N. Ilamp. SS6, Verm. 3,1S3, Mass. 2,67S, P.. I. 43S, Conn. 2,4*5, N. York 24,310, N. Jer. 7,*i7, Penn. 
44,245, Del. 2,737, Md. 10,177, Dist. of Col. 227, Virg. 41,819, N. Car. 83,175, S. Car. 4,009, Git. "01, Flor. 21, Ala. .395, Mis.s. 
2S7, La. 821, Tex. 44, Ark. 161, Tcnn. 12,784, Ky. 68,631, Ohio 120,193, Mich. 1,817, Indiana 541,079, 111. 4,173, Mo. 1,006, 
la. 407, Wise. 99, Calif. 0, Territories II ; and Ihe foreign population was composed of persons from — England S.o.'iO, Ire- 
land 12.7S7, Scotland 1,341, Wales 169, Germany 28,584, France 2,279, Spain 3, Portugal 6, Belgium 86, Uolland Vi, Italy 
C. .\ustria 17, Switzerland 724, Russia 6, Denmark 10, Norway IS, Sweden 16, Prussia 740, Asia 4, Africa 4, Brit. America 
1,S7S, Me.vico 31, Cent. America 0, S. America 4, "West Indies 12, and other countries lOS. 

The following table will show the decennial progress of the population since the first cetisus of the State taken by the 
United States authorities : 

Colored Persons. Decennial Increase. 
, ■ , Total , — • , 



Census Wl.ite 

Years. Tersinis. 

1800 4,577 

1810 23.S90 

1820 145,758 

1830 8.39,399 

1.S40 

1S50 977,605 



1,2.30 
8,629 . 

.... 673,698 7,165 . 

. 10,811 . 



, 136 . 

. 237 . 

190 . 



Total. Popnlnlton. 

298 4,875.. 

630 24,520 . . 

1,420 147,178 .. 

8,632 843,031 . . 

7,163 683,366 . 



ol. Per cenL 



. 19,645 402.9 

. 122,633 500.3 

. 19.5,353 183.1 

. 342,335 99.9 

10,311 938,416 .... 802,550 44.1 



The statistical returns of the industry and wealth of Indiana, as furnished by the census of 1350, and other official 
documents referring to that period, are as follows: 

Occupied Zandu, ffc.— Improved lands 5,046,r>13 acres, and unimproved lands 7,740.379 acres— valued in cash at 
$186,385,178. Number of farms under cultivation 93,396. Value of farming implements and machinery $6,704,444. 

Liiv-Slm-k.—UoTses, S14,2;i9 ; jisses and mules, 6,599 ; milch cows, 234,554 ; working o.xen, 40,221 ; other cattle 339,891 ; 
sheep, 1,122,493; swine, 2,263,776— total value of live-stock, $22,473,535. In 1340 there were in the Slate ^1,036 horses, 
mules, etc., 619,980 neat cattle of all descriptions, 675,932 sheep, 1,623,606 swine, etc. 

ffndn Crops.— Wbtat, 6,214,453 bu.shels ; rye, 73,792 bushels ; Indian corn, 52,964,363 bushels ; o.ats, 5,655,014 bushels ; 
b.arley, 45,433 bushels : buckwheat, 149,740 bushels. The crops of 13.39-40 were— wheat, 4,049,375 bushels ; barley, 28,015 
bushels; oats, 5,931,605 bushels; rjo, 129,621 bushels; buckwheat, 49,019 bushels, apd Indian corn, 23,155,337 bushels. 

Oth/^r Crops. — Tobacco, 1,044,620 pounds : ginned cotton, 14 bales of 400 pounds each ; peas and beans, 85,773 bushels ; 
potatoes— Irish, 2,0S3,.337, and sweet, 201,711 bushels; hay, 403,230 tons; clover-seed, 18,829 bushels; other grass-seed, 
11.951 bushels; hops, 92,796 pounds: hemp— dew-rotted, 841, and .water-rotted, 1,071 tons; flax, .534,469 pounds ; flax- 
seed, 86,833 bushels; maple sugar, 2.921,642 pounds; molasses, 130,325 gallons; wine, 14,0.')5 gallons, etc. The value of 
orchard i>roducls w.a8 $824,940, and of market-garden products $72,864, In comparing the principal crops of 1810 and 
1350, the following results are shown : 



staples. I8J0. 

Tobacco 1,820,306 pounds , 

Hemp — dew-rotted j t 

" — w:iter-rotted [. 8,005} tons < 

Flax ) (, 

Wme 10,265 gallons 

314 



Ifl.'iO. 

. 1,(44,623 ponnils deer. 

.341 tons V 
1,071 tons I 
. 534469 poe.nds ) 
14,035 gallons 



MoTemenL 

775,636 pounds, or 42.61 per cent. 



deer. 15,.')2S,971 pounds, or 80.66 
incr. 8,790 g.allons, or 86.92 



INDIANA. 



Products of Animals.— yfoo\^ 2,610,2S7 (in 1S40, 1,237,919) pounds; butler. 12,SS1.535 pounds, and oheesL', 624,554 
pounds; and the value of animals slaugbteretl in the year had beeu $6.5(i7,9:J5. Silk cocoons were product-d to Iho 
anifnint of 3S7 (in 1S40, 379) pounds ; and beeswax and honey to thai of 935,329 pounds, 

Jfinnc-made Jlanu/tutures for the year ending 3()th June, ISoO, were produwd to the value of $1,631,039. 

Jf'ini/factures—Ag^regalQ capital invested, $7,235,220; value of raw material, fuel, etc., consumed, $6,229,113; average 
number of hands employed, 27,312 — males, 24,137, and females, 3.205; averaj;e monthly cost of labor, $600,000 — male, 
$520,000, and female, $SO.O0O— total value of products for the year, $19,19D,fWl. The whole number of niaimfacturins: 
establislunents in the Slate in 1S50, produeinc; to the value of $5i)0 and upward, was 4.326. and of these 2 were entluu 
factories, 83 woolen factories, 35S tanneries, and 19 iron manufactories, viz. : 14 for eastings, 2 for pig iron, and 3 for 
wri'Ui;Ii[ iron. 

TIh' fotton manufactures employ a capital of $43,000 ; Ihe cotton consumed during the year ending lat June, 1S50, was 
G75 bales; and the value of all raw material, fuel, ettr., was $2S,220; average hands — males. 3S, and females. 57 ; monthly 
cojst v\' labor—male. $495, and female, $3SG; entire value of products, among which were 300,0(10 pounds yarn, $-14,200, 

The tcoiilen manufactures had a capital of ^ni,.^^^, woo! consume<l, 413.;350 pound.s, and value of alt raw material, 
fuel, etc.. $120.4SC : hands — males, ISO, and females, 57 ; monthly cost of labor— male, $4,122, and female, $630 ; products 
of tlie year, 2;i5.500 yards of ckwh and I(i4,il00 pounds of yam— valued at $205,^i)'_». 

In UinnerU'.'i the capital employed, $514,s97; value of raw material, $405.s3S: hands — male, S36. and fenL-ile, 2 
monthly cost of labor— male, $15,199, and female, $14; products— skins, 57,070, and sides of leather, 2S;3,093— valued at 
$:14.S13, 

The condition of the iron manufactures is exhibited in the annexed tabular form : 

V\g IrotL Casl>n-H. Wrought Iron, Total. 

Ciipital invested dollars.... 72,000 82,900 17,000 171.900 

Iron ore tons 5,200 — 3,150 8,350 

I'ig iron " — 1,96S 

Old nielal " — 5 

Coal, mineral " — 132 

C'<4xe and ebarr<ial bushels. . . 310,000 29,600 

Value of raw material, etc dollars .... 24,4no C6,91S 

Hands — male number... SS 143 



50 


2,I)I>» 




5 




132 


S5,000 

4,423 


421.i;09 

!I5,74;5 

2iV? 


2 


3 


004 

S 

175 


6,575 

8 

.S,7S2 


11,700 


219,100 



'* — female *• ... — — 

Slonthly cost of labor— male dollars. . . . 2.290 3.6S1 

" " — female " .... — — 

Iron made tons 1,S50 1.757 

A'alue of entire products dollars. . . . 5S,000 149,430 

linliana lias also a large number of flour, grist, oil, saw, and other mills, asberies, etc., and the numerous trades 
and handicrafts, which constitute the aggregate of its manufacturing industry. Among its principal manufacturing 
pla''e« may be named Madison, Indianapolis, New Albany, Cannelton, etc. — the last destined to become, at no di.sfant 
d:iy, the seat of a vast inrlustry. 

Jnhivd Communicution.—\\\i\\vLna. lins no direct foreign commerce, but it has a vast domestic and inter-state trade by 
mt-aus of its navigable waters and niagnifleent systems of canals and railroa<ls, and besides it is well supplied wltli planlc, 
M'Adam, and other roads, which facilitate travel and transportation. The Slate has (January, 1S53), within its borders 
454 miles of canal and 929 miles of railroad completed. The canals are, the Wabash and Erie Canal, e>:1endlng from 
Kvansville, on the Ohio, to Toledo, on Lake Erie, 467 miles, of whieh 379 miles are in Indiana ; and the White Water 
Canal, extending from Lawrenceville, on the Ohio, via Cambridge, on the National Road, to Ilagersfown, 75 miles. 
The prineipal railroads of the State centre at Indianapolis, radiating in all directions, and forming links in the great 
nrilicnal system which is rapidly springing into existence. There is also a large number of railroads in course of con- 
slrnelinn. the most important of whieh are. the Cincinnati and St. Louis Kailroad, the Lawrenooburg and Upper Missis- 
sippi Kailroad. the upper portions of the New Altjany and Salem Kailroad, and the Fort Wayne and Southern Ilailroad. 
These will be opened within a year or two, and there are others already projected that must be built within a very short 
space of time. 

BankSy et^. — There are in Indiana 1 bank .and 13 branch banks, the same being the State E.ank of Indiana, at 
Indianapolis, and its several branches at Bedford, Evansville, Fort Wayne, Indianapolis, Lafayette, Lawrenceburg, 
Madison. Michigan City, New All>any, liichmond. South Bend, Tcrre Haute, and Vincennes. The aggregate condition 
of those institutions in November, 1S50, was as follows — UahiliUes : capital, $2,082,958 ; circulation, $3.422.4;55 ; deposits, 
$630,3;i.") : due other banks, $112.175 ; and (^sw^■^— loans and discounts. $4,395.099 ; real estate, $3&4.23:J : oilier investments, 
$10S,4^5; due by other banks, $$15,062 ; notes of other banks, $224,842; specie, $1,197,3S0. The constitutional provisions 
n-speeting banking in tliis State are : tluit no banks shall be established except under a general law, and the stoekholdera 
sliall be individually responsible for the debts of the corporation, in addition h:> their stock, to an amount equal thereto, 
and every bank must close banking operations within twenty years from its org.anization and promptly close its businrsa. 
There are. besides the above-named banks, several others organized under the general banking law, but these have 
only lately been established, and have not yet published any returns. Their circulating notes are secured by pledge 
of public stocks. 

(jovernment, etc. — The first constitution of Intliana is dated 29lh June, 1^16; the constitution on which llie present 
State government ia based was done in convention 10th Febniary, 1B51 ; ratified by the people 4th August, and went 
into operation 1st November of the same year. It provides as follows: 

Every white male citizen of the I'niteil States, 21 years old, resident in the State six months next preceding an election, 
aii'l every white male of foreign birth. 21 years old, resident in the United States one year, and in the St.-ite six montlis 
next preceding an election, who shall h.ave duly declared his intention to become a citizen of the I'nited Stales, may 
vi'le. No negro or mulatto ean vote. All eleetions by the people arc by ballot, and all elections by the General Assembly 
xica Y<u:fi. All general eiectious are held on the second Tuesday in October, 

The r/e?!^™; ^.s*?»(W// consists of a Senate and House of Representatives. The senato, not exceeding 50 members, 
and reprcsenlativfs, 100 members, are chosen in their respective districts— the former for four years (half every two years), 

old 



INDIANA. 



and the latlor for two years. They must be cilbtens of Ihe United States, rfsidents of the Stale for the two years next 
preceding their election, and for one year of the district from which they are cliosen. The sessions of the General 
Assembly are biennial, commencing on the Tliursday next after the first Monday of .Fanuary ; and no session can be 
prolonj;ed beyond sixty-one days, and no special session beyond forty days, llejjresentation is apportioned according to 
a census of all white males over 21 years of age, taken every six years. " In all cases where a general law is applicable, 
genera! and not special laws shall be passed." 

The iiopet-nor and Lientenmit-Governor are chosen for four years by a plurality of votes; they must be severally 30 
years of uiie, and residents of the Unite<I States and of the State for the tlvo years next preceding tlieir election. Tlie 
gubernatorial terra commences on the second Monday of January. The Lieutenant-Governor is ex-nfficio President of 
the Senate ; and in case of the removal or death of the Governor, he first, and after hira such person as the General As- 
sembly may appoint, shall act as Governor. The Governor is not eligible more tlian four years in any period of eight 
years. Tlie Governor has power to grant pardons for all offenses, except in cases of treason and impeachment; an<l be 
may veto a bill, but, if afterward passed by a Majority/ of those elected to each house of the General Assembly, il beeomes 
a law nevertheless. 

The adminisiniUvp ojpccrs of the government are a Secrelarj' of State, a State Auditor, and a Stale Treasurer, eleeted 
biemuidly by tlie pe{iple, and no one is eligible to cither of these offices more than four out of any six years. 

Tin? oj^cer-t elected by the people in each county are a Clerk of the Circuit Court, an Auditor, a Itecorder, a Treasurer, 
a Sheriff, a Coroner, and a Surveyor — the three first for four years and the others ft)r two years, and none are eligible for 
more than two out of any three consecutive terms. All county officers must be residents for one year of the places from 
which they are chosen ; and they and all town officers must reside in their precincts. 

The Judiciary consists of a Supreme Court, Circuit Court, and Courts of Common Pleas, for the counties of Tippecanoe 
and Marion. These consist of not less than Ihree nor more than five justices, chosen from districts by the people at large, 
for six years. At present it has three, of whom one is chief judge. A clerk of this court is chosen by the people for four 
3'ears. The Supreme Court has appellate and such original jurisdiction as the General Assembly may oonfer. The State 
is divided into thirteen circuits, and each Circuit Court has a judge elected by the people of the circuit for six years, and 
he must reside therein. A prosecuting attorney is also elected for each circuit for two years. The Courts of Common 
Picas for Tippecanoe and Marion counties are Special C^'urts, and have each one judge. Justices of peace are elected by 
the people of each township for four years. The Constitution provides, in this connection, for the eslablisliment of tri- 
bunals of conciliation, the decisions of which are obligatory on those voluntarily submitting thereto: for commissioners to 
revise and simplify practice, and to codify the laws; that any voter of good moral character may be admitted to praelico 
law in all the courts of Ihii Stale ; that the Assembly m.ay modify or abolisli the Grand Jury system ; that no person shall 
be an incompetent witness in consequence of his ftpinions on matters of religion ; Ibat in all criminal cases the juries may 
determine the law and the facts; that no man's properly shall be taken without just compCDsation is first awarded and 
tendered. , 

llespocting colored people, it is pro%ided Ihat no negro or mulatto shall come into or settle in the State ; all contraets 
made with such shall be void, and all persons employing them shall be punished by a fine of $10 to $500, and the proct^eds 
of sucli fines shall be appropriated for the colonization of those negroes and mulatlocs, and their descendants, in Ihe State, 
at the adoption of Iho Constitution, and who are willing to emigrate. 

Amendments to the Constitution are to be passed on by a majority of one Legislature, and referred to the next ; and if 
passed by a like majority, then the amendments proposed are submitted to the peojile fur ratification or rejection. 

The militia of Indiana has not been reported to the U. S. authorities since 1832, since which period the population of 
tlie Slate Inu* nearly trebled. At that time it consisted of 53,913 men of all grades and arms, and at present probably 
numbers 150,000 men. 

Indiana has several hen^evoUnt institutionSy among which the principal are the Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb, tlie 
Institution for the Blind, and the Hospital for the Insane at Indianapolis. At the Asylum all the Deaf and Dumb of the 
Slate, between the ages of 10 and 30, are entitled to education without charge for board or tuition ; and at the lustiluto 
the same i^rivileges are granted, but except in extraordinary cases, applicants over 21 years of age are not admissable. 
The Hospital fur the Insane, in the year ending 30th October, 1S50, admitted 5S (31 males and 27 females); 54 were dis- 
charged i^l'H males and 2S females) ; and at the end of the year SO (40 males and 40 females) were left uudcf treatment. 
This last institution was opened for the reception of patients (part of the buildings only being erected) in December, 1^4S. 
From that lime to SOth October, 1S49, there were 104 admitted, of whom 20 recovered, 4 improved, and 4 died, leaving 
76 in Ihe hospital, which, added to the 5S admitted in 1S40-50, makes a total of 162 since the opening of tlie institution. 

Finances^ Z>ebts, etc. — The balance in the Treasury on the 31st October amounted to $42S,941 19, and the receipts for 
the fiscal year 1S50 were $1,432,442 78 — total revenue $I,SG1,3S3 97 ; and tlie expenditures for the same period amounted to 
$1,513,534 04, leaving a balance for future draft of $347,S49 93. The chief sources of income are— permanent revenue, 
$455,630; state prison, $11,145; common school fund, $55,S63 ; university fund, $9,479; bank tax, $1.9S4; saline tax, 
$4,999 ; Wabash and Erie Canal (by trustees), $857,149, etc. And the principal expenOitureM were on account of— Legis- 
lature, $31,010; Executive, $5,s7S ; Judiciary, $19,70G; public printing, $11,522 ; sUite prison, $3,606 ; treasurj- notes 
cancelled, $144,575; interest on treasury notes, $59,423; interest on public debt, $lSs,59,); Wabash and Erie Canal (by 
trustees), $S24,9S5; deaf and dumb, $27,979; blind, $11,7S1 ; insane, $32,501; university fund, $14,332; saline fund, 
$7,765; bank tax fund, $3,624, etc. 

Prior to 1S47 the State owed on her foreign debt— principal $11,043,000, and interest $3,826,W0— total $14,374,640. In 
accordance with the acts of the Legislature of 19th January, 1S46, and 27th January, 1S47, proposals were made to llie 
bond holders tliat they should complete the Wab:ish and Erie Canal, an<l take the State's interest in it for one half this 
debt, and the Stale would issue new eertifloates for the other half, upon which she would pay interest at the rate of 4 per 
cent, per annum, until January, 1n^3, and after that time 5 per cent., and issue certificates for one half the arrears of interest, 
upon which she would pay interest at the rate of 2} per cent, per annum after January, ISoS. In this 2J per cent, stock is 
also included 1 per cent, per annum upon the principal, which gives the bolder (»f the old bond, when surrendered, 5 per 
cent, per annum upon the new 5 per cent, slock, from the dividend day next preceding his surrender of the old bonds. 
On Ihe 5th August, 1S50, there had been surrendered of the old bonds, and new certificates taken of prineipal $9,563,000, 
leaving then outstanding of her old bonds of principal, $1,736,727 50. The liabilities of the State and Canal, at the date 
last mentioned, may be thus stated : 

State /'^W.—ii tale's half principal of bonds surrendered, $4,7S1,500 ; Stale's lualf interest on bonds with 1 per cent of 
31G 



I 



INDIANA. 



.0 51S,-22T 50. To which add domestic debt. 



-— ^-;;7;;;7;^;;;;^^^ fure.gn debt, 

»'257,295. Aggregate debt, $0,775,6-2 oU. ^^^ ^^.^ ^^^ ,iquid.-,liDg the public debt, up t,. 

Sl„teaud (■'"''''•^'-^--^''r'"™ , y,,, .^^^^^^^^^^ 2i per ceat S.te stock, *l,730,7'27 5,.; 6 per cent pre- 

5tl> August, 1S50, is as Mluws : 5 P^'"''"'- *f ;''*^'';- *;■ , ',ek mi.m : 2i per cent, special preferred Va„.,l sto..k. 
ferredO-««; stock, $4,(i79,600; » l'" "^ ;' ff :,^^^'; ,; 1 ^'1 tock issued to 5.h August, 1S50, $12,72a.<)„ 50^ 
$1,21G;2D0 ; 21 per cenU special deK.rredC«mtock, *.'.,* »^ ^_^_j ^^^^ ^,^^^, outstanding .s rcdu<-ed to 

or Which .amount deduct for 'H per "■"'• *'' ' ^^^^^^^ 5 m^^^^ : 

$12,7(.3,377 50. The State is paymg ■■"-■■■'-■^""'y °" 'tn, i a e stock will draw interest at thai rate. The rcnm.un g 
LJ will be 6 per cent.; and after lSo3 f ;; ";;^i,P;;[;^,;;;- ^^itipd and interest, depends upon the receipts Irum the 

Sin" "I— ::^Uh";,;:::^"l of the =■---"*;- -rt^ma, in,proventent liabilities, but these ha.lng 
"^'in 1.39-40 the State issued »1,500,000 ''-^^^X^J^l^ 'a„ "01^ ncd to the'.reasury. The State also issued bonds 

'"^^:':t:/:<':Z^^'^^^^--^ '-^-^-^ '- ^'^^-^ *15.,S70,B9,bnt the true or estiu,ated value 
T;^;rr ::SUhe s,atis.ics of t.. severa, religious .— atlonsin 13^ ~ -"2. 






Ch'.rch 


lions. Churches. 


aLtoiu. 


,7ewi8h — . • 


— .. 


Luther.™ 60 . 


1S,0I>0 .. 


Menuonite .. — . 


— ■• 


Metll0dist...745 . 


250,372 .. 


Moravian — 53 . 


17.400 . . 


I'rcsbvlerian 207 . 


10.1,4.32 .. 


1;. Catholic . . 03 . 


. 26,115 .. 



German r.et 



3,500 I Swedenbo"n . — . . 




4^2,400 
20,SOO 
324,170 
107,725 



Gi9,230 *1,512,4S5 



".IstUuies a dlocl Of the Protestant K,^P. chu^;^ .^^^^ 

J5a„c««»..-Ind,ana has endowed her common ' ""I"" ^^'^f ' „_^ congressional township fund, and the lands 
The constitution provides that - the ™»™° -^°°' '™tank lax m Is the funS to he derived frotn the sale of counly 
hclonging thereto, of the surplus '";™''f' ^^ " f'^f^'^",, .eminarie , all fines, forfclurcs, and escheats, and lands no 
seminaries, and money and property heretofo el tor B^^^^^^^^^ ,,„„„ ,0,1 to the State by the Ac 

otherwise specially granted, inclndmg the "'-■V ;™ '^f^^ '^^ ^'^^^t^^j, „e increased, but shaU never bo ,linnmshc-<l, and 
of Cengrcss of September 2>lh, 1S50. The ?■■'" ' P^' «' '^^J™ ,^;l The value of these several funds and ,ncome« .3 
its inc-.;mc shall be devoted solely to the support "f J' "^ f 1^^ |4,0G4,270 ; and in addition U. this suu,, the school 
staid by Governor Wright in his Message of De"™''";'!^"^;^^ *';,,;„,,•, at, of the sinking fund. The .schools 
fond wiU be constantly augmented by ''---P ^"^^ ;^„ ^ p . tst c.ion. who is elected by the people and hold, 
of the Stale arc under the supervision «' ^.^"P"" f'."'^;"'^;' /,,",J ,|,„o were in 1S51 about 40<1,000 between the ages of o 
office for two years. From the report of th.s '*<="' '^"PP^^^'j" ';„,„,,„ of children attending school was 22o,318 
and 21 years. The number of common schools was '^'f »'•'"!' '^f"™, .,,„„„. „,, collegiate establishments the follow- 
%ndia„a has also a large nntnhcr of high sehools^a^^^^^^^^^ 

i„g,.re the most consi.ieuous : the Indiana *'^'f ,^^"!^ ' *7' "' ™' ™ ",",,11 ., ^t Green Castle, founded in lS«i7. At ll.an- 
in'lS29 ; Wabash College, founded in 1S34, ^'^^^^'^'^^^'^Z^Jl! Hanover College. The Universities have 
over is also tluandiana Theological semmary (Pre br.a„>, a d^art^ I„aianapolis-at the flrsl place the Indiana 

each a law dcpartmenl ; .an.l there are ™«'1''=^\^° '™J.\,^ ..^^.^p^ "^^ both highly-flourishing institutions. 

Medical College, and at the latter, the Indiana OenralMcdMaU,^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^.^ ^^^^^.^^ ^j^_3„„, . f,.,,, 

.,.,,„,,V,,._One S..al6 library (7,000 volumes ; to so lal l^"--'- ; „,„ ,,,„„,,. 

students- libraries (4,S90) ; one public school '''''"/y^^" " ^^Vm^^^^^^ of which 79 are political^ whig, and 30 

reriodlcal J',-ess.-Tbe public press consists of 1^ P^"';^ ' P ' ^^, ,„^. '„„o,o „„mber, 9 are publi.shed daily, 2 tn- 
democratic-and 42 are devoted to '— «; -^ ^J.^I^Tr'^f^L. dailies, at each issue, is 8,984; of the tri-wecUlics, 

IS^nJ^J^S^^-r^lf n-^^-^-Crr ;cd .... f.™ t,. .... ... .... >,. year 

P.,„„«-i«„ a,u! ,>i«..-Tlie wMe ""™^? ^'.^^Sc" ' nd 322 foreigners; and the whole number of paivy-ers at 
ending June 1st, 1S50, was 1,1S2, which ^^:;;^1";^ ;- ""Zl 137 foreigners-costs to the public for the year $.. .olO 
thedute referred to was ,5S3, of which ™"'''; «°;°^^, f,;"^^' November, 1S50, was 142, and ll.c number received during 
The whole number of convicts in the State Prison on the ^Wh ^ " ™"'^J; dischar-^ed-by expiration of sentence, 21 ; by 
,h following official year was 103, and during the --7^^, ."^ ^ n h nee tircre were in prison on the 30,.i Novem- 
escape, 3 ; by pardon, 10 ; by order of court, 1 ; 1 ) death . total o , ^^^^ ^^^^ „^ . .^^_j j^, „,^. . 

ber l4l, 192 convicts, of which 8 were committe.l for life, 1 "^ >"' The State Prison is situate .at .Tclfersonvillc. 
mhto) t Offenses against property, and 39 ^-f^°^'^^^^:^^,^^::Uso.i..r^y of ...o "Territory North- 
Ili^orical »rfc/,..-Indiana originally constituted » P^^' ^ J; ^ ^^ ^^^ Jseertaincd. It appears, however, , hU about 
West of the Ohio Paver." Tho exact period of its first ^ ^^° ™ ' , , ,„„ i,„-iia„ village of Appecauglike, and 
leOOtheFrenchlndiansvisitedthesiteof^Vincennes,^ ha tin occ^^^ ^^^^^^^^ _^^_^ ^^^ ,,^ , 

in 1702 a party of the same nation descended the *•"':;"".;;„ f,,„„ i,„„3,inc feuds, or inability, made 1, tic op- 
othcrs Vinccnnes. The tribes inhabiting the country at 1 1. n . - ' ^"^^ 1 f^,„„ ,„^. „,„ „; ,o,„,dnd, and buried ,n the 
.osition to the new-comers. Thecolonists "' ^--™";^ "^;^r an" customs of the Indians by whom they were .ur- 
midst of the wilderness, gradually approximated tho manners 



SIT 



IND 



IND 



~ ^„. „.i,i, ti,pir women ioincd in their hunline parlies, and subsisted more by the chase thatt 

rounded, and fortned marnag s « ..h '^" "°™^^' f J^^^^^,, ,^„. ^,,„, „:„' „„ ,,eord,, for until 1T63, when the country 
by the proceeds o ^^^"^f;^Xomul of them' Bv rtrcat/of cession, the settlers were confirmed in their posses- 
was ceded to England wc '''J'" "° > ^^ f ^„, ,^„^ j„„^ „„,,„,,„. During the Eevolutionary War they displayed 

slons : but immigra ,on .' -^ """''|;'; 'j," and e ^cd the first opportunity to join with the people ; and in UTS a Span.sh 
their hereditary »"'l""^ '^ '" ^^f "f^^'^^^hest ength and po ition of the British forces sUationed at Vineennes, that by 
resident gave l^^l';^;^^^^''^^':^^^^^^ ^^^^^ whi'ch, however, he did not long retain. By the treaty of 1783, 

h,s d.recl.ons "^'""f.^f^J'.'r^'l^^'^ ^laZ and again the settlers were confirmed in their possessions. In 17,3 an 
the country -^V"^ ^^hich Is ^grea dttr'css amfng them, but they did not suffer to the same extent as the Amert- 
In.l.an war broke out, ;^'''*;7^^^^^^ „ercy ; bu by Ihe attack of General Wilkinson in 1791 at the inouth 

cans, aganvst » '^ ""'f ™;;:,^4^^;„^ ^ij^* s of Genc;al Wayne, a dangerous confederacy was broken up, atjd the 
of the iM'Pecanoe a„ b the ^^^t™ began to enjoy that repose of which it had for many years been deprned. By 
ir.bes obhgedto >'''''" •;^'!"''^';'™jS^^^^ obtained several eligible parcels of land, tor which, as a compensat.on, 
the treaty of Greenv.llc m \>0o the Un.tul *^^»' °° ^ ' j^ ^^j subsequent periods ; but notw.th- 

they paid the Indians sums of tnoney and «""^ry good . « ^"^™";^ eLsperated by ule eloquence of Tecumseh, 
standing these, a part "^ "- '[' --^;';^';— ,", ™t,^^ among them, several of the tribes 

a leader of the Shawnees, »"■ ™ ^^ ^^^-^^^^^f^^^^^^ „'„a depredation had been committed to such an extent that 
united in resistance to the ncreas.ng po« er ' '^e w".te i ^^ eonccnlrated at Vineennes, 

in ISU the government dctermmed ^.«"''';P»7[j^^™,,en Governor. On the Gth November of the same year, 
and placed under "--^-fj,;;^ ^n, T pp^^^^^^^^^^^^ a-I demanded restitution of the property 

the Governor appeared ^f '•'= 1 ^"P"^^^; "; .^ \l^ ^ ^^.„| „,„ „ostilities should not commence until next mornmg, 
the I"'l'-^l^f,^":f„:5„,^;Vl"b made but in violation of this armistice, the Americans were attacked before 
that an am.cable arrangement m.^ht 0^^^^' . „owever, knowing the character of the enemy, had so d.s- 

daybreak by a large body of -™f^ ; «° J™" „i':7b ^V^Tder of battle f and therefore, Ihough taken by surprise, 
nosed his troops as to be able immediately to arrju^c „„.„rilion The combat, though short, was unusually 

L A-ricans received ,h™i>.^»t^^^^^^^^^^^ - ; „, ,=„ ,^„^, _ ,„,b that 

severe; »<= I"''"'"'' '^Sht with desperate courae ' „ ;„ „„ directions, leaving forty of their number on the 

the fate of the battle was soon deeded, and the Indians dr, en n an j^.^-^ ,033 ,esa in proportion. After 

fleld, while their whole loss was not less than one f "f ^ ™,^.«'^, •,,';7J^;;',^„trng se.tlemenls, returned to Vincen- 
"'^ ^'T rrn^f,"" :™fes re^' r r;. ""Thetrw'ith'S,:^.! in Jn gave a fresh impetus to Indian 
nes, and not long afterward the '"0'^^» J ^ ^ committin" great cruelties and excesses, received full 

hostility. Seduced into the -'^^I'^l^J'^^^^ werelrov" d and their vvh^le country laid waste. During the latter 
reu-ibution from the Am^™-s ■ > -J ^^^^^ J^^^^, repise, and after the .inclusion of peace in 1S15, the Indians 
part o the war "' Engtand Into^ P ^^^^1 ^^^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^ g^,^^ ^^^„ j3„l ,^, ,„,,, 

ceased to molest or trouble .''''' *f 3. '"f>^,;^ Territory North- West of the Ohio ; in that year it was erected mto a 
included in Indiana remained ^ P°^""°^f ^ '^"^ ^f/^^d all the territory West and North of the Ohio boundary. In 
separate territoria S^™" "'"tlaturc pet toned W for admission'intn the Union, and the privilege of forming 
December, IS 5 tl,e '" "J "''^f^f'^/X Passed Congress in April,lS16 ; a Slate Constitution (dated 29lh June, 1816) 
a State constitution. ^ ' " J';'' "« ^ P^^^^^^ ,^ ,„^j ^;^<,,,, I , ,„d the same having been aceeptablc to the 

was framed by a convention of '^«"'^^'^^^^"^'; ,^P. ^^ J^ ^lenlioned, admitted in the December following, and 

federal legislature, ''^^'l'''-:J^ll,''^°l~ ,,be is now so bright an ornament The constitution formed at 

thTpTrio^d i^Irel^LTSrlZilSM it was set a.side by the adoption of a new constitution more consonant with 

'ir:"t:;l.:^~n^'^^r;S-capitaI, cordon was capil.^ 



iNDiAvjs. county, Pmn. Situate W. centrally, and con- 
tains 753 sq. m. Bounded S. by Kiskiminitas or Contic- 
mauMi river, and drained by its affluents, and by Ma- 
houin- cr. and other streams-all branches of Alleghany 
river ° Surface uneven: soil generally a sandy or clayey 
loam, and very prodnctivc. Its crops of wheat are very 
l-ir.'c as are most grains, and it is especially fitted for grazing 
and dairies. It has much good water-power and mineral 
resources-<^oal and salt particularly, which are very pro- 
ductive Iron ore is found in the N. Farms 2,496 ; manuf. 
75- dwell 4,044, and pop.-wh. 2C,916, ft", col. 254-total 
2-,'nO. CapiUd: Indiana. Public Works; Pennsylvania 
T.. K. and Canal. 

iNuiANV. p. b., and cap. Indiana county, Penn.: 122 m. 
■^V N W llarrisburg. It contains a court-house, jail, etc.. 
andabimt l,no(l inhaliilants. It has several large stores, 
2 hotels 2 flourisliing academies, and several raanufactoriM 
and flue churches. Three weekly newspapers are printed 

"'u-^iASAPOUS,*. city, and cap. Marion co., 7n<f., and cap. 
of the State of Indiana : near the gc<.graphical centre of he 
Sta c and on the E. side of the W. fork of White r.,,n lat. 
890 55' N., and long. SOO 05' W.-573 m. ^V . by N. Wash- 
ington. The cily is located on a beautiful, ferlde and ex- 
ten ™; plain just below the mouth of Fall cr. In the ordi- 
na, e of Congress, authorizing the formation of a Slate 
eonslUution, 4 secttons, or 2,560 acres of land, were donated 
L the permanent seat of government : commissioners were 
818 



appointed in 1S20 to make the selection, and in 1821 the 
city w.as laid out— in the October of which year .314 lots, 
central in the old plot of the cily, were sold for *35,596 ; loUs 
whicli then .sold for *2U0 or $300, now readily realize from 
$8,000 to $10,000. At the period referred to the site was 
covered by dense forests, and for 40 or 50 miles around the 
country sliil remained in its pristine condition of an un- 
touched wilderness. The original town plot was a mile 
square, but like all progressive cities, Indi.inapolis has over- 
stepped its arliflcial liniita, and extended itself on all sides. 
The streets arc at right angles with each other. Washington, 
through which the National Koad passes, the principal street 
of the'^city, is 120 feet wide : Circle-street SO feet, and others 
90 feet ; the allevs, E. and W., are 80 feet wide, those N. and 
S. 15 feet. The lots in the full lots are 97A feet by 195, but 
on the diagonal streets and in tlie central blocks, touching 
Circle-street, the lots contain about a fourth of an acre each. 
On the 1st January, 1825, llie public offices of the Stale were 
removed from Corydon, the former capital, to Indianapolis, 
and the permanent seat of government established here ; 
but the Legislature held its sessions in the counly court- 
house until December, 13:34, when the Stale House, an 
elegant building. 180 feet by 80, was complctoil, at a cost of 
about $60,000:' it is on the model of the I'arlhenon at 
Athens. The Governor's House is near the centre of the 
city, and is a fine four-fronted building, slanding on a nat- 
ural mound 60 feet high, and circumscribed by Circle-street ; 
and IVom this also diverge four diagonal streets in the di- 



IND 



IND 



rection of the several corners of the city plot. The State 
House, governor's residence, and the State oftices, were built 
by the proceeds of tlie gales of lots in the Oonation^ as the 
Congressional grant was called. The other public buildings 
are its spaoious market-houses, its many elegant and substan- 
tial churches, its fine hotels, its dep6ts, bridges, etc. No city of 
its size in the Union, indeed, has so many public aecora- 
modations; it is also a place of considerable manufactures, 
trade, and general businoes, being the centre of a vast sys- 
tem of railroads from every direction. From the Ohio Kiver 
comes the Lawrencel)urg and Upper Mississippi K. K., the 
Madison and Indianapolis li. ll., llie Jeffcrsiiuvillc li. U., 
and a brancli from the Evansville and Illinois K. li. ; from 
the Wabash r. the Turn^ Haute and Ilichmond It. 11., tlie 
Lafayette li. li., the i'eru and Indianapolis IX. E., and the 
Furt Wayne and Soutliern li. It. ; and from the State of 
Ohio, the Indianapi>lis and Eellefuntaine U. W., (lie Indiana 
Central K. U., etc. All these roads rentering in the ■' railroad 
city of tlie West," bring to it an immense amount of business 
an<l travel, and will ullimately make tliis one of the most 
prosperous cities of tlio north miildle section of the Union; 
most, if not all of these, connect with each other on the 
Union Truck and Bi-pfit, constructed at the joint expense 
of the several companies, and are but as so many links in 
the chain of intercommunication between the North and 
South, and the East and West, connecting as tliey do, at their 
exterior termini, with the railroads of the Union generally. 

The newspapers published in Indianapolis are the " In- 
diana State Journal" (whig), daily and weekly ; the " Indiana 
State Sentinel" (dera.), tri-weekly ; the "Indiana States- 
man," weekly; the "Family Visitor*' (,tenip.), weekly; the 
"Locomotive'' (neutral), weekly ; the "Home Miscellany" 
(literary), weekly; the " Volkblatt,'' and "Suabia P. Or- 
gan" (Germ, dom.), both weekly. In reference to educa- 
tion, Indianapolis has made ample provision; it has 14 
public schools, open to all, and numerous academies, sem- 
inaries, and classical schools. The Indiana C-entral Meiiical 
College was founded in 1S49, and in 1S51 had 49 students, 
and 10 had graduated: the lectures commenced 2Slh Oct., 
1S50. There is a United States land office at Indianaitolis. 
The general statistics of the city embrace about 9U dry- 
gnods stores, 30 groceries, 22 w^irehouses, 120 mechanic 
shops, 4 breweries, and about two-fiOhs of the dwellings are 
of more than one story in height, and about one sixth are 
of brick, the others being frame dwellings. In 1S30 the in- 
habitants numbered ],(iN5, in 1S4I) 2,692, and in 1S50 8,034. 

IsDiANATOLLS, p. v., Slahaska co., /(/. ; on the E. side 
of N. fork of Skunk r., 49 m. W. S. W. Iowa City. 

Indian Ckeek, p. o., Jackson county, Ga, : 82 m. N. by W. 
M i lied gevi lie. 

Indian Creek, p. o.. Monroe co., Mo. : on a cr. of Salt r. 
so called, 73 m. N. N. E. Jefferson City. 

Indian Creek, p. o., Monroe tvi., Virg. : near a branch 
of New r. so called, 109 m. W. Uiclimond. 

Indian Creek, p. o., Monroe co., Imf. ; near a branch 
of Salt r. so called, 57 m. S. 8. W. Indianapolis. 

Indian Creek, p. o., Kent co., Mich. : G2 m. W. N. W. 
Lansing. 

Indian Creek, p. o., Pike county, Aftt.: 43 m. S. E. 
Montgomery. 

Indian Grove, p. v., Livingston co., IlL: S5 m. N. E. 
Springfield. 



Indian Hill, p. o., Abbeville dist., >S.Cai'. : S7 m.W. by N. 
Columbia. 

Indian Key, p. o., Dade county, Flor.: on one of the 
Florida Keys so called, 453 m, S. E. by S. Tallahassee. This 
key contains some 7 or S acres of rich alluvial soil, and is 
based on coral rock, as are most of the neighboring keys. 
It lies about equidistant between Florida Cape and Key 
West, and has a very eciuable an<l salubrious climate. Here 
is a small village, with a fine holul, etc., for the aceommo- 
datjon of visitors. 

Indian lake, Hamilton co., N. Y. : a small lake in a wild 
and niounl;iiuous region. It is 4 ni. long and about a mile 
wide, and abituuds in various descriptions of fish. 

Indian Mound, p. o., Stewart co., Teim. : GG m.W. N.W. 
Nashville. 

Indianola, p. v., Warren county, la. : 3 m. S. I'rairie 
branch of Des Moines r., 107 m. W. by S. Iowa City. 

Indianola, p. o., Yermillion county, III.: loT E. N. E. 
Springfield. 

Indianola, p. v., Calltoua co, Tt'3:: on Matagorda Bay, 
142 m. S. S. E. A-ustin City. It has a good landing, several 
large stores, and about 300 inhahilanls. 

Indian Orchard, sta.. Hampden co., Masfi. : on Western 
K. K., 6 m. E. Springfield, 92 m. trom Boston. 

Indian Prairie, p. v., Van Burea county, la.: 79 m, 
S. S. W. Iowa City. 

Indian Biver, huiul., Sussex co., Del. :47 m. S. b} E. 
Dover. Situate on Indian r. an<l liehoboth Bay, and ap- 
proached from the Atlantic through an iidct so called. Area 
54,420 acres. It has some trade, but is cliiefly a manufac- 
turing district. Pop. 1,^22. 

Indian Kivek, p. o., St. Lucie co., Fhr.: 309 m. S. E. 
Tallaliassee. 

Indian Biver, p. o., W.nsbington co., Me. : near a or. so 
called, 114 E. by N. Augusta. 

Indian IUver, p. o., Lewis co., X. Y. : lOS m, N. W. 
Albany. 

Indian river. A'. 1*. .* a tributary of Oswegalcliie r. It 
rises in Lewis county, and passes througli JeQL-r.--on into 
St. Lawrence co., where it enters Black Lake, lliroiigli 
wbicli it flows to the Oswegatchie, aud tiiencc to the St. 
Lawrence. 

Indian river, Flo/'. : a long lagoon on the E. side of tlie 
peninsula, running nearly parallel with the coast line. It is 
about 120 m. long, and varies much in breadtli, frequently 
expanding into lakes 3 or 4 miles wide, .and again conlract- 
ing to less than 50 yards. Its depth varies likewise, and it 
is not safe to navigate a sloop of more than G feet draft. The 
stream empties into IJic Atlantic tlirough Indian llivcr out- 
let. Along its shores are excellent sugar lands. 

Indian river, or stream. A', /lamp. : the principal li<'ad 
stream of Connecticut r. It rises in the highlands on the 
N. line of the Slate, and after a S. W. course of about 30 m. 
unites with tlie ca.stern constituent of the ComiCLlicut, 
which has its source in the lake of the same name. 

Indian Springs, p. v., Bulls co., Ga.: 46 m. W. N. W. 
Milledgeville. Here are, near a branch of the Ocmulgee, 
sulphur springs of great ofticacy in curing diseases of the 
skin, rluuiiiatism, etc., and much visited. The v. has a 
large !K»tel, some substantial houses, three stores, aud 200 
inhabitants. 



THE INDIAN TERRITORY. 

The In-dian Territory ia an extensive country Itorderin* on Missouri, Arkansas, and Texas, and situate iienerally 
between latitudes 33° 40' and 39° 30' north, and between longitudes 94° and 100° west from Greenwieli, or 17° and 23° 
west from 'Washington. It is about 420 miles from north to south, and about 350 miles from east to west : but wittiin tiiis 
compass is included only the Indian Territory proper, or that cxlendins from the Kansas to the Kcil Itivcr. and from the 
the west lines of Missouri and Arkansas to the old line of Texas. Beyond these limits the allotment of territory has been 
gradually going on, and the Indian settlements now range as far north .as the Missouri Kiver, across the proposed limits 
of Nebraska, and are stated in the census of IS.'JO to contain in the aggregate an area of 1S7,1T1 squarc.miles. 

This Territory was set apart by Congress for the permanent residence of the Indiau tribes transported from the settled 

319 



IND 



lOW 



or t..e-,r own, an,. -->• ";•;- ^^^0 '"Tu™ n LT vl^n "-"e^C^^^^^^^^ transported iVom .I.e eoun.rU-s east of the 
1^^. ^Z'r: n^rii: U^e/:;; "L Chero.ee. the CreeU. the Pawnee, the Choctaw, the 0.age. and the 

Semi..uk». The other trilies are numer,ea\ly «'"""• r;,oota™, who have a written constitution and laws, 

Those triheswhictt have n,ade most rrogJ^.ne^^^^^^^^^^^^^ _^_^ _^^_,^__^^^ ^pp,.,^„^^., „, ^,,„.,,, 

their legislative, executive, and udiaal ^™'''^' '";'; j .^i;,,, .„,.^ 3, j i„,iurtry, yet have made good adv.inee, and 
societie, ; the Creei-s, who, though not so far I'r^ ^«'! " "' , fj ",^ „"f,™ „nd the C/,«-»to«, who are, perhaps, on 
have .,ls„ a written ™-f "f^; --';;-;:^ ^ r ^ ^.^ ^^ „f a" in their proper alphabetical order. The 

the whole, more cvdized llian either i,f the a ) nvc '^ missionary and schoolmaster. They occupy various 

other transported tribes are also '"n-roving under tl efforts o he ™ ) g„vernmenls. They have each 

determined sections of the Territory, -'';;-' ;™;,''^-i:':; The indigenous tribcl have not, as a general thing, 
Uieir own laws, and are c-onsidered as so many d .met ^,^^1, ^^^^^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^^ .^^_^ ,_^, .,^ „f „. 

advanced in the same degree as *^'f .^■■>^"f^" o.,^ nlawav and the symbo s of civilization are becoming every day 
du,.ry. The barbarism of the ^"''''^^''"^^''^^^^^^^^ and other staples of the Territory have been 

more apparent. Of late years -ns.derab e V-""''" ^^^^ J^^^ ^^ ^„„„,, becoming permanent and ex- 

brought down to New tlrleans, and there . ""> P "'P^' °' '" ^.^f,,, manufacture, such as the manufacture of 
,,,,rve. The Indians have also a » 

domestic cloths, agricultural implemLn - ' necessary to their comfort. 

brethren, lu fact, they ""'^ '""""''^ "^'^,"''"" i^^s memsSves, to petition Congress for the removal of all the Indian 

A proposition is on fool, advoca d '> ' "= \" 7^™f1he 1 ock y MounUiin. an.i there secure to them a permanent 

tribes within the United «'»'f '^h, mi state o the V. ion w th Senators and Kepresentatives in Congress. Tlii. eleva- 

member. 



IKDIAN Tow.s, p. v.. Currituclc CO., X. Car.: on North r., 

!« m. K. N. E. Kaleigli. n. . ioq m N 

Ixi.iAN Tow-s, p. v.. Bureau county, R.. 123 m. JN. 

^■"wifo'TOWH p. v., Williamsburg dist, S. Car.: 66 m. 
K 'sT'^mii. It contains several stores, 20 dwellings, 

"t":"v~p.o., Floyd CO., n,v.iann.w.B.w. 

^tr:fY..»o.,p.o.,Wachitapar.,Z«.:139m.N.N.W. 

^i™rf^.x„p.o.,Co,^eeo.,..«.:63m.9.S.E. 

"i:r:^;andp.v.,FranU,inco.,.^:onthe^sMe 
of Sandy r., a branch of the Kennebec, 20 m N. N. W 
Au-usta The t. is fertile, with lino grazing land, and a 
fir^e pond in the N. furnishing water-power. The v. is near 
thc° pond, has several mechanic shop, two churches, a 
hotel, and 200 inliabitanls. Pop. of 1. 1,041. 
IsnviSTEY, p. c, lieaver co., Pemi.: 1S7 m. W. by .N. 

°il"-, p. o., Austin CO., T... : on W. fork of MiU cr., 
74 m. E. S. E. Austin City. 

iNOnAM county, Mich. Situate S. centrally, and contains 
KCt'sn m. Drained N. by Cedar r., and W. by Portage r., 
which form Orand r., and flow into Lake Michigan bur- 
face mostly level, and well timbered with beech and sugar 
maple ; the " openings- .are more uneven and eh.efl> in the 
^ -soil very good, and. like the .adjacent country, excel- 
tot grain and grass land. It has good water privileges, 
and there are indications of bituminous coal. Farms 991 , 
manuf 82; dwell. 1.5S3, and pop.-wh. S,COG, fr. col. 2o- 
total6,C31. r»/<iV<ii.- Lansing. i, „ q x- 

lNGnAM,tand p. v., Ingham CO., J«<--'*- " ™- ^.J; 
Lansin" A branch of Cedar r. flows on its E. border, 
which Ts mosUy level and well timbered. Pop. 7.54. 

lNGnA..Vs Caoss Eo.vds, p. c, Lauderdale county, Met.: 
1S9 m. N. N. W. Montgomery. 



Summit county, OJdo: lOS m. N. E. 
P,ock county. Win: : 87 m. 8. E. 



Inland, p. 

Columbus. 

INMANSVILLE, p. 

Madison. ^ ea -m 

iNSTiTDTE, p. 0., Eandolph co., ^. Car.: 68 m. VY. 

'"xsTERcorBSE, p. o., Sumter CO., AUz. : 114 m. W. by N. 

Montgomery. ., „ v « T 

IXTERCOUESE, p. V., Lancastcr CO., Penn. : 43 m. t. b. t. 

Ilarrisburg. i- to t 

Inverness, p. o., Columbiana co., OJm: 126 m. J:.. JN. i.. 

Columbus. ^ m_: ■»,. 

loNi, p. o., Anderson co., Tece. : equidistant firom Trinity 
and Nechcs rivers, 159 m. N. E. Austin City. 

loN.A eountv, Mich. Situate W. centrally, and contains 
5-6 so. m. Drained by Grand r., which crosses it rom E. 
to W., and its branches Maple and Flat river, and Lake, 
Sebewa, and Prairie creeks. Surface gently undulating ; 
soil, black saii.ly loam, and on the streams alluvial bottoms 
of ereat ferlililv-generally timbered with oak, ash, and 
maple, free from stone, and excellent for grazing; good 
buiUling stone is found on Grand r. /-™ «" j ."If ^f' 
IT; dwell. 1,367, and pop.-wh. 7,589, fir. col. 8-total ,,o97. 

Capital : Ionia. >fv 7. . o= .^ 

Ionia, t.. p. v., and cap. Ionia county, ilfic/,.; 25 m. 
WN W.Lansing. The t. lies on both sides of Grand r 
wuh Prairie er. in the N.; has a rich alluvial soil, and 
plenty of timber, and raises many cattle and sheep. The 
village is on the right b.ank of Grand r, at tlu; head of 
boat navigation, and contains a courl-honse, jail, etc a 
r. 8. land office, and about 500 inhabitants. Population 

"^oJJo'county, Mich. Situate E. on Safpnaw Bay, and con- 
tains 549 sq. m. Drained N. by Au Sable r., and S. by 
Aitrais r. Surface broken, and in parls covered with 
Mvamps. Timber of all kinds is abundant, and lumber 
Uie chief export of this yel unsettled county. tJnorganaed 
in 1S50. 



THE STATE OF IOWA. 



,o...,he.i,rth of those magnifleentStah,scarv<^o^cf^^vastte^^ 
any between the latitudes «° 35' ---^ *'° ^^'^fl'^.^'^ZlX^^^ >'>■"■" Mississippi Ki^Vr, 

Zl^^ t:r ;ls:S:;ta^--:-S;tl: - ^f MIsso.., and west by Ml^onri Kiver and i. t.bu 

820 



IOWA. 

tary the Tchankasndata or Big Sioux Kivpr. which divides it from the old Xorih-West Territory.* Ita width from north 
to south is 196 miles, aud its greatest k-ngth from east to wust 3u7 miles ; included within which limits is an area of 50,914 
square niiles. 

Situate nearly midway between the two gri'Ht oceans; bounded on both sides by the great rivers of the continent, and 
watered by innumenvble smaller streams ; possessing: a fertile soil, inexhaustible mineral resources, a healthful climate, a 
free constitution, and a hardy and industrious population, tlie State of Iowa has commenced its career with prospects of 
far more than ordinary brilliancy. In extent of boun<lary, it is one of the largest in the Union, and it may safely be 
prophesied, that with Uiese great advantages, it is destined at no distant day to rank among the first in point of wealth 
and political importance, as it already exceeds its compeers in rapidity of growth. 

The general face of the country is that of a high, rolling prairie watered by magnificent streams, and on the river 
courses skirted with woodland. An idea pre^ ails at the Kast that the prairies are uniformly level. This is by no means 
the case. Sometimes, indeed, they spread out in boundless plains; but the high or upland prairies, which are much the 
most beautiful, as well as the best adapted to cultivation, present a series of graceful undulations not unlike the swell of 
the sea, from which Ihey derive the appellation '' ro\V\ng.''—S(if(/cnt, 1S4S. 

The chief rivers of the State arc: the Mississippi, which winds along its eastern border for nearly 450 miles, and the 
Missouri, which bounds it on the west from the mouth of Big Sioux Eiver to the parallel of 40° 85' N. laL, a distance of 
more than 300 miles, both furnishing an almost unprecedented extent of external navigation, and their banks affording 
many eligible sites for commercial cities. Besides these mngnifieent streams. Iowa has many largo interior navigable 
rivers, the most prominent of which are tlie Dvs Moines, extending through and dividing the Slate into two nearly equal 
sections. Skunk River, the Iowa, from which the Slate has its name, Wapsipiuicon Eiver, the Makoquela, the Turkey 
Biver, the Upper Iowa Eiver, and others flowing into the Mississippi, and numerous fine streams affluents of the Mis- 
souri. The I)es Moines passes diagonally from north-west to south-east, and reaches the Mississippi at the fwt of the 
lower raiiids in the south-east comer of the Slate— the whole distance from the point where it strikes the northern bound- 
ary line of Iowa to its confluence being over 4i)0 miles. It is this river— represented as being one of the most beautiful 
of all the noble rivers of the great "West— that the Slate has undertaken, with the aid of a grant of lands made by Con- 
gress, to render navigable for steamboats of a medium class up to Fort Des Moines, a distance of over 200 miles from its 
mouth. It passes through the great coal fields and through a cnuntrj' scarcely equaled for its agricultural capacities. The 
stream is said to be peculiarly adapted to improvement in accordance with the plan proposed— a succession of substantial 
locks and dams creating slack-water— from the fact of its having rock bottom and high banks, which are not subjeet U 
overflow. The Iowa, Skunk, etc., are rivers secondary in magnitude to the Des Moines, but they are of inestimable local 
value, being na\igable into the interior for distances varying from 20 to 60 miles, and by their numerous affluent streams, 
furnishing to the settler hydraulic power suflicient for all the varied wants of a large manufacturing State. Most of these 
rivers pass over lime or sand-rock beds, and are generally skirted with fine timber. Limestone, indeed, is distributed 
abundantly over a great portion of the State. 

Iowa is numbered as one of the great mineral producing States of the Union. Its lead mines in tho north-casl, nod 
of which Dubuque is the centre, have been worked for a long [K-riod, and have been very productive in proportion to the 
number engaged in mining. The lead mines of Iowa are continuous of those of Illinois and Wisconsin. A review of the 
resources and capabilities of this countrj', says Doctor Owen, induces me to say, with confidence, that 10,000 laborers and 
miners could find profitable employment within its confines. The lead mines alone afford as much of that metal as tho 
whole of Europe, excepting Great Britain, and their capabilities are unbounded. Zinc occurs in fissures, along with the 
lead ; it is chiefly in the P^rm of electric calamine, and Is found in cellular masses ; in some " diggings" this mineral is 
found in a slate of carbonate, and in others as a sulphuret. Iron ore is abundantly distributed, but as yet no large 
r.muunt has been converted into metal. In reference to the coal deposits, the geologist above quoted remarks, that 
between Johnson and Iowa counties an uplift of carboniferous sandstone Is encountered which is probably near the 
enstern limits of the Des Moines coal-field. The Iowa lUver meanders near the east margin of Uiis deposit, but the 
scams presented on the river blufl" are of inferior quality. It is upward o/tuo hundred miles in the direction o/the 
VfiUeij of the Des Jfoine<i acron'i the great co<il-Jield ; westwardly it extends from the Des Moines River, nearly 
across tlie State. The entire area of this field in Iowa alone can not be less than 20,000 square miles— in all. em- 
bracing a country equ.il in extent to more than one half the State of Indiana. He estimates the beds of coal at 100 
feet in thickness ; and lying near the surface, they must be capable of being worked easily, aud at small expense. Cop- 
per is also found in this State. 

But Iowa mainly owes its prosperity to its agricultural resources. Its fine prairies are easily converted to cnltivatiou, 
and its natural pastures afford peculiar facilities for the rearing of cattle and sheep-farming; wool-growing, indeed, has 
become one of the staple employments of the settlers, and the raising of hogs for market has become no less a profitable 
occupation. The sheep and hog are here fed with litlle or no trouble, the natural productions of tho earth affording a 
plentiful subsistence. For all agricuhural purposes, indeed, Iowa is perhaps as fine a region as ever the sun cherished 
by its beams. It is demonstrated by actual survey that no State in the Union has a less quantity of inferior land. The 
timber lands are less extensive than the prairies, but the growtlis are so distributed as to negative any objection that 
might be interposed on this account. Compared to the lifetime of labor it takes to open a farm in the woods, the facility 
with which one can be established on the prairie is most striking and gralifjing to the settler; and as suflScient timber 
for all ordinary purposes is always within reasonable distance, the comparative absence of forests is not so important as 
it otherwise would be, and artificial groves of that useful and ornamental tree, the locust, can be easily and quickly 
raised. Kothmg can exceed the beauty of a prairie cottage, surrounded by its grove of locust, and, wherever met with, 



• Tlie constitiiUonal boundaries of Iowa are as follows : " neginnmg in tbe miJdIe of the main ch-innpl of tlie Mississippi River at a point ilua 
enst of the miditle of tlie mouth of tlifl main rha.inel of llie flea Moines Uiv*?r ; thence up the middle of the main channel of ihe said Des Momea 
Hiver to a poini on snid river where the northern hoiind^iry line of the State of Missouri, as eMablisbed hy the constitution ol that State, adopted 
June laih.lS'.'O.cro'ses the said middle of ihe mam thannel of the said Ties Moines River; Ih^n.-e westwardly along the aaid nortliern boundary 
line of the Sute of MisBOuri. as established at the time aforesaid, until an extension of said line intersects the middle of the mam rlmnnel of 
the Mi'.i.onri River ; thence up t!.e middle ot the main channel ot the said Missouri River, fo a point opposite the middle of tlie main channel of the 
r.ig Sioux River, until it ia interse.-ted hy the parallel of forty-three degrees and thirty miDtuea north latitude ; thence ea-t, aion- said parallel ol 
forty thr^e d^grfes and thirty min-Ufs. until .aid parallel inters.jcts the middle of the main channel of the Mississippi Uiver; thence down tba 
middle of the main channel of said Mississiiiiii River lo the place of b'*ginning." 

R2 821 



IOWA. 

it marks the abode of tasle and comfort. In riding over the Stale, however, the chief characteristic observed is its 
evenness — the monotony of its very beauty and fertility becomes tiresome. 

In point of salul)riiy, Iowa is not surpassed by any of the new States. It is not exempt from the diseases incidental to 
rich and uncultivated regions, but from the openness of the country It is less liable to the scourge of malaria than ordina- 
ry. Take it altogether, it is a moat attractive country for the immigrant. The salubrity of the climate, however, depends 
much on locality. The thermometer does not range so widely here as in similar latitudes east of the AUeghanies ; it is 
exempt, too, from those easterly winds so searching and baneful in their effects on the pulmonic invalid. Along the 
low bottom-lands of the rivers, which are occasionally subject to inundation, there will be liability and predisposition to 
bilious affections, fevers, etc. ; but upon the uplands and rolling prairies the air is buoyant and free from all baneful 
influences. Periodic breezes blow over these elevated portions of the country as regularly and refreshing as from the 
ocean between the tropics, tempering the extremes incidental to the latitude. 

Iowa is divided into 49 counties, the general statistics of which and the capitals of each in 1S50 were as follo\\> : 



Counties.' Dwell. 

AUamakee 152.. 

Appanoose . . . 521 . . 

Benton 121 . . 

Black Hawk.. 20.. 

Boone 119.. 

Buchanan 74.. 

Cedar 6S6.. 

Clark 14.. 

Clayton 728.. 

Chnton 499.. 

Dallas 156.. 

Davis 1,180.. 

Decatur 145.. 

Delaware Ki8.. 

Des Moines ..1,919.. 

Dubuque 1,952.. 

Fayette 153.. 

Fremont »2.. 

Henry 1,545.. 

Iowa 143.. 

Jackson 1,277.. 

Jasper 214.. 

JefTersou 1,649.. 

Johnson 799.. 

Jones 559.. 



Pop. 


Fnrma 
in cult 


" =">•■•»'■• 


Ciiunties. 


Dwell. 


Pop. 


Farms 
in cull. 


M!\nu( 
Kstab 


Cnpit.ilB. 


777.. 


2. 


. 0.. 


.Postville 


Keokuk 


. 820. 


. 4,822. 


. 326. 


..12. 


.Lancaster 


3,131.. 


. 153. 


. 2. 


.Centreville 


Lee 


.3,252. 


.18,860.. 


.1,350. 


..78. 


.Fort Madison 


672.. 


. 67. 
. 9. 


. 0. 
. 1. 


.Vinton 




. 991. 
. 842. 


. 5,444. 
. 4,939. 


. 526. 
. 388. 


.23. 
..18. 




135.. 


Louisa 


.Wapello 


735.. 


. 0. 


. 0.. 


.Booneville 


Lucas 


. 92. 


. 471.. 


. 32. 


. 0. 


. Chariton P't. 


. 517. 


. 45. 


. 1. 


.Independ'nce 


Madison 


. 180. 


. 1,179. 


. 53. 


.. 0. 


.Winterset 


3,941.. 


. 358. 


. 4.. 


.Tipton 


Mahaska 


. 981. 


. 5,989. 


. 480. 


..18. 


.Oskaloosa 


79.. 


0. 


. 0.. 


. — 


Marion 


. 930. 


. 5,482. 


. 342. 


..24. 


. Knoxville 


3,873.. 


. 200. 


.12.. 


.Gamavillo 


Marshall.... 


. 62. 


. 338. 


. 34. 


.. 0. 


.Marietta 


2,822.. 


. 306. 


.10.. 


.DeWitt 


Monroe 


. 515. 


. 2,884. 


. 337. 


. 0. 


.Albia 


854.. 


. 0. 


. 0. 


.Adell 


Muscatine .. 


. 999. 


. 5,731.. 


. 460. 


.19. 


. Muscatine 


7,264. 


. 613. 


.11. 


.Bloorafield 


Page 


. 94. 


. 551.. 


. 61. 


. 0.. 


.Nodaway 


965.. 


. 46. 


. 0. 


.Nine Eagles 


Polk 


. 75C. 


. 4,.515. 


. 321. 


. 9. 


.F.DesMoinea 


1,759.. 


. 141. 


. 3. 


.Delhi 


Pot(owattomeel,475. 


. 7,828. 


. 82. 


. 5. 


.Kanesville 


12,987.. 


. 383. 


.23. 


. Burlington 


Poweshiek.. 


. 102. 


. 615, 


. 71. 


. 0. 


.Montezuma 


10,841.. 


. 755. 


.46.. 


.Dubuque 


Scott 


. 991. 


. 5,986.. 


. 384. 


.19.. 


.Davenport 


825.. 


. 8. 


. 0.. 


.West Union 


Tama 


. 1.. 


8.. 


. 0. 


. 0.. 


— 


1,244.. 


. 105. 


. 0.. 


.Sidney 


Taylor 


. 38.. 


. 204.. 


. 27. 


. 0.. 


.Taylor C. H. 


8,707.. 


. 947. 


.26. 


.Mt. Pleasant 


Van Buren ... 


.2,069. 


.12,270.. 


. 998. 


.23.. 


.Keosauqua 


822. 


. 70. 


. 1. 


.Marengo 


Wapello 


.1,416. 


. 8,471.. 


. 828. 


. 7.. 


.Ottumwa 


7,210. 


. 703. 


.10. 


.Andrew 


Warren 


. 152. 


. 961.. 


. 47. 


. 0. 


.Indianola 


1,280. 


. 150. 


. 0. 


.Newton 


Washington 


. 836. 


. 4,957,. 


. 428. 


. 1. 


.Washington 


9,904. 


.1,067. 


.54. 


.Fairfield 


Wayne 


. 57. 


. 340.. 


. 0. 


. 0. 


.Cambria 


4,472. 


. 377. 


.19. 


.Iowa Citv 


Winneshiek 


. 100. 


. 546.. 


. 0. 


. 0. 


.Winneshiek 


3,007.. 


. 225. 


. 3. 


.Auamosa 















Since tbe census of 1S50 was taken, Potto wattomee county has been divided into the following named counties : Adair, 
Adams, Audubon, Bancroft, Bremer, Buena Vista. Buncombe, Butler, Carroll, Cass, Cerro Gordo. Cherokee, Chickasaw, 
Clay, Crawford, Dickinson, Emmett, Floyd, Fox, Franklin, Greene, Grimdy, Guthrie, Hancock, Hardin, Harrison, How- 
ard, Humboldt, Ida, Kossuth, Manona, Mills, Mitchell, Montgomery, O'Brien, Occola, Palo Alto, Plymouth, Pocahon- 
tas, Risley, Sac, Shelby, Sioux, Union, Wahkou, Winnebago, "Worth, Wright, and Yell. 

The whole number of dwellings in the State was, at the above date, 32,902, of families 33,517, and of inhabitanlal92,214, 
viz.: whites 191,679— males 100,SS5, and females 90,994, free colored 385— males 163, and females 167. Of the whole 
population, there were deaf arid dinnTj—v{]i. 51, fr. col. 0— total 51 ; hUnd—^h. 47, fr. col. 0— total 47: iman€—v{}i. 40, 
fr. col. 0— total 40 ; and idiotic — wh. 93, fr. cnl. 0— total 93. The number of free persons bora in the United States was 
170,620, the number of foreign birth 21,'232. and of births unknown 362 ; the naiive population originated as follows : Me. 
718, N. Hamp. 5S0, Verm. 1,045, Mass. 1,251, K. I. 256, Conn. 1,090, N.T. 8,134, N. Jer. 1,199, Penn. 14,744, Del. 539,Md. 
1.SS8, Dist. of Col. 70, Virg. 7,861, N. Car. 2,5S9, S. Car. 67G, Ga. 119, Flor. 51, Ala. ISO, Miss. 18S, La. 133. Tex. 10, Ark, 
163, Tenn. 4,274, Ky. 8,994, Oh. 30,713, Mich. 521, Ind. 19,925,111. 7,247, Mo. 8,807. Iowa 50,330, Wise. 692, Calif. 8, Terri- 
tories 135 ; and the foreign population was composed of persons from — England 3,7S5, Ireland 4,8SS, Scotland 712, Wales 
852, Germany 7,152, France 382, Spain 1, Portugal 8, Belgium 4, Holland 1,103. Italy 1, Austria 13, Switzcriand 175, Russia 
41, Denmark 19, Norway 36, Sweden 331, Prussia SS, Greece 1, Asia 2, British America 1,756, Mexico 16, Cent. America 
0, South America 1, West Indies 14, and other countries 124. 

The following table will show the decennial progress of the population since the first census taken by the United 
States authorities : 



Cen.us 


^v^,itB 

Persons. 

. . . 42.924 . . . 
. . 191,879 . . . 




Colored Persons. 




Total 

FofmUtion. 

.. 48,112 .. 

..192,214 .. 


Tlecennial Incre^e. 


Yenr. 
1S40 ... 
1850 . . . 


Fr?.. 
....1T2 . 
.... SiS . 


Slave. 

16 


Tulal. 
.183.. 

.885.. 


Numerical. Percent 
. 149,102* S45.T 



* A rensus of this State was taken in the Litter part of tbe year IS.n3 : tbe popiilatioo or the counties was as follows: Allamakee 2,000, AppanooM 
4,243, Benton 1.237, Tllnck Hawk 315. Boone l,e:4, Bremer 309, Biulianan l.(«n. Butler 73, Cedar 4.971, Clark 649, Clayton C.318, Clinton 3,8ii, 
Dallas 1,216, Davis 7,553, Decatur 1,184, Dt^lawnre 2,615, Dea Moinea 12,535, Dubuque 12,500, Fayette a.O&'i, Fremont 2,044. Guthrie 300, Henry 
9,683, Iowa 1,323, Jackson 8,231, Jasper 1,974, Jefferson 10,225, Johnson 5,798, Jones 4,201, Keokuk 5,306, Lee 20,360, Linn 6,S90, Louisa 5,476, 
Lucas 1,046, Madison 1.8?2, Mahaska 7,479, Marion 6,289, Marshall 710, Mills l,4'i3, Monroe 3,430. Muscatine 6,812. Page 636, Polk 5.933, Pot- 
towattomee fi.0.-)7, Poweshiek 915, UinggoM 250, Risley 122, Scott 8,r,2S, Story 214, Tama 262, Tajlor 479, Union 73, Van Buren 12,763, Wapello 
8,888, Warren 1,488, >Vashington S,381, Wayne 794, Winneshiek l,123,Yell 250. 

822 



IOWA. 

The slatislics of the industry and wealth of Iowa, as ascertained by the census of 1S50, and in accordance with other 
public documents referrina to the same period, were as follows : 

Ocaqried Lands, t'te.— Improved lands, 8'24,G32 acres, and unimproved lands, 1,911,353 acres— valued in cash at 
$10,657,567 ; number of farms under cultivation, 14,805 ; value of farming implements and machinery, $1,172,869. 

zVre-Stocfc-Horses, 88,536; asses and mules, 7!>4; milch cows, 45,704; working oxen,21,S92; other cattle, 69,025 ; 
sheep, 149,960; and swine, 323,247— valued in the .aggregate at $3,639,275. In 1340 there were— horses, mules, etc., 
10 794 ; neat cattle, 38,549 ; sheep, 15,854 ; and swine, 104,899. 

Gram CVops.— Wheat, 1,630,631 bushels ; rye, 19,916 bushels ; Indian com, 8,056,799 bushels ; oata, 1,.524,345 bushels ; 
barley, 26,093 bushels ; and buckwheat, 52,516 bushels. Tlie crops of 1339-40 consisted of wheat, 15^1,693 bushels ; barley, 
7"S bushels; oats, 216,335 bushels', rye, 3,792 bushels; buckwheat, 0,212 bushels; and Indian corn, 1,406,241 bushels. 
'other Crops.— nice, 600 pounds; tobacco, 0,041 pounds; peas and beans, 4,775 bushels; potatoes-Irish, 270,120, and 
sweet 6 243 bushels; hay, S9/J55 tons ; elover-seed, S42, and other grass see.l, 2,096 bushels; hops, 3,242 pounds ; hemp 
_dcw-rolted, 0, and water-rotted, tons; flax, 62,553 pounds; flax-seed, 1.959 bushels; maple sugar, 73,407 pounds ; 
molasses, 8,162 gallons; wine, 420 gaUons, etc. The value of orchard products was .$3,4:34,- and of market-garden 

products, $3,84-3. , . , «,„-,., :, 

Products ofAntmals.-Voo\, 373,398 (in 1840,23,039) poimds; butter, 2,171,133 pounds; and chees,^ 209,340 pounds, 
and the value of animals slaughtered during the year had been $321,104. Silk cocoons wore produced to the amount 

of240 pounds; and bceswaxand honey,tothatof321,711 pounds. . ^„, „„„, 

Il.Je-madJ manufactures IV,r the year en.ling 1st .June, 1350, were valued at $221,292 (m 1840, al $25i)l,0) 
Manufacturcs.-AKrogiHe capital invested, $(100,000; value of raw material, fuel, etc., consumed, $000,000 ; average 
hands emploved, 00,OUO-maIes 00.000, and females 000; average monthly cost of labor-male $00,000, and female 
$0 000 • annual value of products, $000,000. The whole number of manufacturing establishments producing to the value 
of $600 and upward, in 13.50, was 432 ; and of these, 1 was a woolen factory, 14 were tanneries, and 3 were for the manu- 
facture of cast iron. The balance of the manufacttires and handicrafls, making up the sum of the establishments, consist 
ofsuch as minister to the immciliate wants of agricultural communities. , , „ , -, 

The wooL'u manufacture employed a capital of $10,000 ; wool consumed, 14,500 pounds ; value of all raw matend, 
$3,500; hands employed, 7; monthly cost of labor, $78; entire annual value of products, $13,000 ; cloth produced, 

^^Th! Immerles employed a capital of $20,350 ; v.ilue of r.aw material consumed, $10,745 ; average hands, 23 ; monthly 
cost oflabor, $543: number of skins tanned, 860, and of sides tanned, 10,680 ; value of products, $24,520. 

In the minufacture of cust iron, $6,500 invested; pig iron, Sltons, and coke and charcoal awbtishcls-yalued at 
$'^ 6'14-consumed ; aver.age hands, 17 ; monthly cost of labor, $550 ; castings made, 71 tons ; value of entire products, $8,600. 
These summaries of the different national manufactures are relatively small ; but they are a germ which the immense 
water-power of the country and the spirit of the people wUl soon foster into interests of magnitude and importance. 

a»m,:ercc and Internal Cornmunication.-hm^ has no direct tr.ade with foreign countries, but its trade with the 
Atlantic and Gulf ports is comparatively extensive, its exports consisting princip.ally of the products of .agriculture and 
the mines and its imports of the manufactures of Europe and the Eastern States, groceries, wine, etc. The shippmg 
ports are Keokuk, Fort Madison, Burlington, Muscatine City, Davenport, Lyons, Bellevue, Dubuque, etc., at aU which 
Places a busv trade is carried on with the interior. The annual value of the commerce of Keokuk, at the mouth of Des 
Moines KiveV, Ih,^gh a city numbering less than seven years' existence, amounts to between Ave and six million dollars 
and at the other ports the value of the import and exp-.rl trade is little less in value. Keokuk is the etitrepOt and dep6 of 
the whole valley of the Des Moincs-a region in which more than half the population and agricultural wealth of the suite 
is concentrated ; and when the contemplated improvements in tlie navigation of the river are completed, it must of neces- 
sity become one of the most important of Western commercial cities. The exports from Dubuque consist chiefly of lend. 
Keokuk, Davenport, Lyons, and Dubuque will shortly be connected with the interior by railroads, .and hence their 
aimmer e will be indeflnitely enlarged, and the interests of the whole State be developed by the increased facdities these 
hi°,ways will afl-ord to transportation. Most of the railroads will centre at Iowa City, from which point -^ K'-^d '™f 
rariroa.l will be carried westward to Council Blufl-s, on the Missouri, and thence, in the progress of events to tbe Pacillc 
Ocean None of these roads are completed ; but, perhaps, as a meam of developing the wealth of the interior, these line» 
^e onnferior importance to the grand project of opening the channel of the Des Moines to steam navigation, as before 
Xded to ; it will thus become the channel through which the greater part of the commerce of the conntr, wil pass, and 
"ts binks will rise up cities and towns, equal in magnitude and wealth, to those on the Illinois or the H";''™-'» 
tnt will become as important to Iowa as those rivers are to the States through which they have their courses. Through 
owa wi also pass a link of the great chain of North and South railroads, connecting St. I.,uis with the extreme setUe- 
ments of Minnesota, etc. That portion of this chain within Missouri is already provided for, and will have the aid of the 
State to build it, and the same policy in relation to State aid will probably be pursued in Iowa 

Rmking.-The constitution provides that "no corporation with b.anking privileges shall be created; and all persons 
or associations shall be prohibited by law from banking or creating paper to circulate as money. 

eovermnent.-Tho constitution, the basis of the present government of Iowa, was adopted 3d August, 1S46. Its prm- 
cipal provisions are as follows : , . 

Every white male citizen of the United States, twenty-one years of age, insane and infamous persons excepted, having 
resided in the State six months and in the county in which he claims to vote thu-ty days, is allowed the right of suffrage. 
The general election is held biennially on first Monday in August. 

The Legislature is styled the General Assembly, and consists of a Senate of 30 members, and a House of Eepresenta- 
lives of 69 members. The number of representatives is not to exceed 72, and senators n-)t less than a third, nor inoro 
than a half of that number. Senators are chosen for four years, one half every two years, and must be 2o years ofae 
and representatives are chosen for two ycars-both senators and representatives must have been resident in <'"'''•"«" 
least one year next before the election. The governor's veto to any act of the Legislature is nulhfle.l by a ™b»^'J"™' 
two-thirds vote of both houses in favor of the rejected law. No member of either house is eligible to any othcc created or 
the emoluments of which have been increased during his term of service. No person holding any ucralive omce unuer 
the State or United States, is eligible to a seat in the House of Itepresentatives. No law shall emlmce more than one 
object, and that shaU be expressed in its title. No divorce sh.all be granted by the Legislature. A census ot the ._ tato 
i£ taken everj- two vears. and alter each cuumcrali..n members are apportioned among the several counties aoMirding to 



IOWA. 



the number of white inhabiuiiila iu each. The Legislature meets at Iowa City biennially on the first Monday of De- 
cember. 

The (/ovei'nor is chosen for four years by a plurality of votes ; he must be at least 30 years of age, and have resided in 
the State two yeors next preceding. In case of diiiability of thu governor, his place is occupied by the SccrL-tary of State, 
and after him by the President of the Senate and Si)eaker of the House of Kepresentatives. The chief addiinistrative 
officers are a Secretary of State, a State Auditor, and a State Treasurer, chosen by the people each for two years. 

The Judiciary consists of a Supreme Court, Circuit Courts, and courta of local jurisdiction. The Supreme Court con- 
sists of a chief and two associate justices, elected by joint vole of the General Assembly for six years, and until their 
fiucoossors are elected and qualified. Any two ot the judges Ibrm a quorum. The court holda a session each year in each 
of the five Supreme Court districts into which the Stale is divided. This court has appellate jurisdiction only in all 
chancery cases, and corrects errors at law under restriclions provided by the Legislature. The Supreme Court lias a re- 
porter. For the purpose of holding Dlstriet Courts, the State is divided into six districla. The judges of this court arc 
elected by the voters of their district fur five years, and until Iheir successors are elected and qualified; a prosecuting 
attorney and clerk of the District Court are elected each for two years by the voters of each county. Each county also 
electa a judge of probate, etc. Justices of the peace have jurisdiction in civil cases where the amount in controversy does 
not exceed $100, and by oonaent of parties when it is below $500. 

Among the special provisions of the constitution are the following: No State debt shall be created exceeding $100,000 
except in case of war or insurrection, unless authorized by a special law which shall provide for the payment of the in- 
terest and of the principal within 20 years, which law shall be irrepealable, and before going into cfl'ect must be submitted 
to the people at a general election, having been published in at least one newspaper in each judicial district for three 
months preceding, and be approved by a majority of the voters. Corporations other than for banking purposes may be 
organized under general laws with certain resolutions. The State shall never become a stockholder in any corporation, 

Fincnice^^ Public Debt, etc.— On the 30th November, lS5i>, the funded debt of the Stale amounted to $79,442, on which 
the annual interest was $5,304; to this should be added auditor's warrants unpaid, $111,771 — total debt, $90,313. The 
expenditures for the two years ending at the above period amounted to $75,410, namely — expenses of legislature, $7,453; 
executive, $11,200; judiciary, $1S,97!}; public buildings at Iowa City, $3,200; interest, $11,692; and public printiag, 
$8,02S. The revenue is derived from taxes upon real and personal properly, which, according to the assessors' returns 
for 1S50, was valued at $22,023,334, being $4,114,507 more than in 1S49. The levy for Stale purposes was 2} mills on the 
dollar— the tax for 1S49 was $47,296, and for 1S50 $5(J.55S. The toUowing are the various objects of taxation in 1S50— 
polls, 332,2S9 ; land, 3,752,103 acres— $13,277,4S3 ; town lots, etc., $3,640,54(5 ; capital employed in merchandise, $SS7,237 ; 
mills, manufactories, distilleries, carding maehines, and tan yards, with stock, etc., $4'J2,23S ; horses over two years old, 
88,585 — $1,460,475; mules and as.*es over a year old, 305— $15,591 ; neat cattle over two years old, 99,406— $1,100,055; 
Bheep over six months old, 140,599— $155,765 ; hogs six months old, 200,452— $202,897 ; pleasure carriages, 8.922— 
$151,904; watches, 3,577 — $43,702; pianofortes, 55 — $S,135; capital, stocks, and profits in any incorporated or unincor- 
porated company, $13,107 ; boats aud vessels, $15,089 ; all other personal proi)erty over $100— $207,554; gold and silver 
coin aud bank notes in actual possession, $233,371 ; claims for money or other consideration, $470,853; annuities, $9S1 ; 
notes, morlgages, etc., $105,950 ; miscellaneous property, $90,S09— toUil, $22,623,334. 

Federal Representation.— lovia^ in conformity with the law regulating the apportionment of members to the United 
States House of Kepresentatives, occupies two seats in that body. 

HeUffioiis Denominations. — The statistics of the several religious denominations in 1850 were as follows : 



Denomina- No of 


Church 


Value or 


Denomina- No ol 


Cliurch 


V.lue or 


Denomina- Na of 


Church 


Value o( 


tioiis Cliurdies. 


acLom. 


Prorerty. 


tioiis. Churrlies. 


accom. 


I'roperty. 


tions Churches. 


accom. 


ITo|,e,.j. 


Bapiisl 10 . . 


8.49; . 


i;19,55i) 


Jewish — . 


— . 


$- 


Tunker — . 


— . 


. i- 


Cbrislian 8 .. 


2,125 . 


6,300 


Lulheran 4 . 


1,000 . 


6,050 


Union 2 . 


450 . 


. 7,100 


Cougregal'l... 14 .. 


4,T25 . 


21,550 


Meunonite ... — . 


— . 


— 


Unitarian .... — . 


— . 


— 


Dulch Eef ... — . . 


— . 


— 


Melhodisl 60 . 


12,10T . 


43,450 


Univcrsalist.. 1 . 


200 . 


. 1,600 


Episcopal 4 .. 


670. 


5,000 


Moravian 3 . 


.500 . 


2,200 


Minor Sects - . — . 


— . 


— 




1,550 . 


0,3110 


Presbyterian 24 . 
K. Catholic... IT . 


6,655 . 
3,080 . 


28,350 
2.5,260 


Total.... 148 


37,759 




Friends 5 .. 


»1T7,400 


GcrmaaRef.. 1 .. 


200 . 


800 


Swedcnbor'g — . 


. — . 


— 









The total number of churches in the State is 14S, in which is provided accommodation for 37,759 persons, and the value 
of church property is $177,4'10. Iowa constitutes a diocese of the Protestant Episcopal Church, and is mcluded in the 
Eoman Catholic diocese of Dubuque. 

Educatioii. — A superintendent of public instruction is chosen by the people for three years. All lands granted by 
Congress to this Slate, all escheated estates, and such per centage as may be granted by Congress on the sale of the Pub- 
lic Lands in Iowa, constitute a perpetual fund, the interest of which, and the rents of the unsold land?, are applicable to 
the support of common schools. It is the duty of the Legislature to provide a school in each school district for at least 
three months in each year ; and all moneys received from exem])tion from mililary duty and for fines imposed by the 
courts, are appropriated to such schools, or for the establishment of school libraries. The moneys arising from the sale 
or lease of public lands granted for the support of a University remain a perpetual fund to maintain such an institution. 
The school fund amounts to about $260,000. 

Libraries. — One State library, containing 2,500 volumes ; and 4 public school libraries, containing 160 volumes— total 5 
libraries, and 2,060 volumes. 

Public Press.— The public press of Iowa consists of 82 periodicals and newspapers, of which 24 are devoted to politics 
(12 whig and 12 democratic), and 3 to literature, religion, science, etc. One of these is published tri-weekly, and circu- 
lates 1,200 copies at each issue ; 28 are weekly issues, with an aggregate circulation of 18,390 copies, and there are issued 
at other periods— 1 serai-monthly, and 2 monthly, circulating 4,050 copies. The tri-weekly and 3 weekly papers are pub- 
lished at Burlington, 4 weeklies at Dubuque, 2 weeklies and 1 monthly at Mount Pleasant, 1 weekly at Andrew, 2 at 
Fairfielii, 2 at Iowa City, 2 at Fort Madison, 1 at Keokuk, 1 at Wapello. 1 at 0!*kaloosa. 2 at Muscatine. 2 at Fort Des 
Moines, 2 at Davenport, 1 at Keosauqua, 2 at Otlumwa, 1 semi-monllily at Kanesvitle, and 1 monthly at Tipton. 

Indian Cfes.9io;w.— Until as late as the year 1S32, the whole territj)ry north of the State of Missouri wa:^ in undi.'»puted 
possession of the Indians. By a treaty made in 1330, the Sacs and Foxes, who were then the prmcipal tribes, had ceded 
824 



low 



IKA 



to the United States the best of their lamls east of the Mississippi River. Their unwillin^riess to leave the cQiiM terri- 
tory, in compliance with the treaty, led to the "Black Hawk War," which resulted in the total defeat of the Indians at 
the Cattle of the Bad Axe, in Wisconsin, on the 2d of August, 1S32. In the September foUowinEr, partly as an indemnity 
for the expenses of the war, and partly to secure the future safety and tranquillity of the invaded frontier, a slip of country 
on the west of the Mississippi, extending nearly 3U0 miles north of Missouri, and about 50 miles in width (now commonly 
called the Black ITaick picrchase), was ceded to the United States, and in June, 1S3;5, the settlement of Iowa by the 
white man was commenced. 

Further purchases were made successively in the years 1S36 and IS-'JT ; and in 1542, by a treaty concluded by Governor 
Chambers, an immense tract of land, containing some 15,000,000 acres, was purchase*! of the Sacs and Foxes for tho 
sum of $1,000,000. This tract, known as the "new purchase,'' now contains some of the finest counties in the State, 
though a large part of it was occupied by the Indians until October in 1S45. 

The Poltowattomies, who inhabited the south-western comer of the State, and the Winnebagocs, who occupiM the 
*' neutral ground," a strip of country on the northern borders, have been peaceably removed within the past few years, and 
the Indian title thus became extinct in the whole countrj' lying within the established limits of the State of Iowa. — Satyetit 

nUtorical Sketch.— lo^i a. was originally a part of the French province of Louisiana, which was purchased by the 
United States in 1S03. The first white settlements were made in IGsG, at Dubuque, by Frenchmen, who built a fort at 
that point and commenced a trade with the Indians, which was the sole dependence of the place for more than a ec-ntury 
and a half. It is here that the great lead mines of the State were first discovered, but at a later period. The territory 
now comprised within the State was a part of the Missouri Territory from ISO-i to 1S'21, but after that was placed suc- 
cessively under the jurisdiction of Michigan and Wisconsin territories. In June, ISSS, it was erected into the separate 
Territorial Government of Iowa; under which was also included all that portion of the present Territory of Minnesota 
west of the Mississippi River, and on the 3d December, 1S46. it was ailmitled into the Union as an indei>endent State. 

Iowa City, on the left bank of Iowa River, is the political capital of the State ; previous to May, lS3y, Burlington, oa 
the Mississippi, was the scat of government. 



Iowa county, la. Situate S. E. cenh-ally, and contains 576 
gq. m. Iowa r. passes E. through the N., and its branch, 
English r., through the S. Surface rolling; soil fertile, and 
adapted to grain. Good timber on the streams, and some 
prairie between. Farms 70 ; manuf. 2 ; dwell. 148, and 
pop.— wh. S22, fr. col. 0— total 822. Capital: Marengo. 
PahUe Works: Council Bluffs K. R. 

Iowa county, Wise. Situate S. W., and contains 752 sq. 
m. Bounded N. by Wisconsin r., and drained N. by its 
affluents, S. by heads of Peckatonica r., a branch of Rock r. 
Surface considerably broken, and inclining N. and E. from 
a ridge or watershed crossing the county ; soil very pro- 
ductive, with a basis of limestone. The chief wealth con- 
sists in its great mineral deposites ; of these lead and cop- 
per are the principal, and great quantities of them are dug. 
Zhie and iron are also found. Farms 470; manuf. 24; dwell. 
1,S46, and pop._wh. 9,502, Ir. col. 2^i— total 9,530. Cajntal: 
Mineral PoinL Public Works: Milwaukie and Mississippi 
R. R., and Mineral Point R. R. 

Iowa, p. v., Perry co.. III. : on a branch of Little Muddy 
cr., 129 ra. S. by E. Springfield. 

Iowa City, p. v.. and cap. Johnson co.. 7(7.. and cap. of the 
State of Iowa : on the E. bank of Iowa r., 52 m. from the 
Mississippi r., 63 m. from Burlington, 51 m.from Davenport, 
and 70 m. from Dubuque — from Washington, D. C, 1,4S5 m. 
The river is navigable to this place at all stages of the 
water, and regular steamboats from the Mississippi ascend 
it daily. The surface consists of a succession of plateaux 
rising from the margin of the r., the first plain, about 100 
yards wide, being devoted to a public promenade; the sec- 
ond plateaux is about 12 feet, and the third about 30 feet 
above the promenade, and on these tho city is built. The 
principal avenues run along the brows of these eminences, 
and are intersected centrally by luwa Avenue, a magnifi- 
cent street, on which stands the State House, an elegant 
building of bird's-eye marble, a richly variegated species of 
limestone ; it is 100 feet long and 60 feet wide, and is built 
in the Greco-doric style, surmounted by a dome resting on 
22 Corinthian columns. The avenues are 160 feet wide. 
Iowa City, as the capital of a wealthy State, is well situated, 
being easy of access from all points, and is capable of every 
species of improvement for manufacturing, mechanical oper- 
ations, trade, o;nd commerce. Already it is being made tho 
centre of communication from all the principal ports of the 
Mississippi toward Council Bluffs and the Pacific— in which 
direction railroads will soon be built. Above the city the 
river nfford« immense water-power, and has been improved 
by the erection of several extensive mills. It is the seat of 



a U. S. land office ; and here, also, is an elegant county 
court-house, a jail, several substantial church buddings, 
and here will be located the State University recently char- 
tered by the Gener.il Assembly of the State. The news- 
papers published here are the " Iowa Republican"' (whig), 
and the "■ Iowa Capital Reporter" (dem.), both weekly issues. 
The site of the city previous to 1S39 was in the wilderness: 
in that year it was selected by the legislature as the seat of 
government. Pop. 2.262. 

Iowa river, /«.; a considerable afllaent of the Mississippi. 
It rises in Hancock county, and passes in an E. S. E. and 
E. direction through Franklin, Hardin, Marshall, Tama, 
Iowa, and Johnson counties, in the latter of which it sud- 
tlenly turns to the S., and on entering Louisa county, again 
changes its direction S. E., and disembogues into the Mis- 
sissippi by two mouths, forming a delta, the si'les of which 
are about six miles in length ; the upper fork is the main 
stream, and empties opposite Edward's r. of Illinois, and 
the other, called the Iowa Slough, is the lower fork. Tho 
river is navigable for light draft steamers at all seasons, and 
for boats much farther up. Its whole length is 300 miles. 
Red Cedar r., its main branch, enters at Fredonia, and at 
certain seasonsis navigable for keel-boats 100 miles from its 
mouth. The Iowa is a fine clear stream, and aff'ords in its 
course innumerable mill scats and eligible city sites. 

lowAviLLE, p. v.. Van Buren county, la.: on the N. 
side of Des Moines r., 61 m. S. S. W. Iowa City. It has 
several largo stores, 3 mills. 50 houses, and about 300 in- 
habitants. 

Ipswich, t, p. v., and cap. Essex co., Mass. : on Tpawich 
r., 25 m. N. N. E. Boston. The t. has an uneven surface 
and a productive soil. The v. lies on both sides of the r., 
which is passed by a stone bridge, 2 m. from its mouth. It 
has a court-house, jail, a noted female seminary, a bank, 
several commercial houses, and about 1,000 inhabitants. On 
the r., just above, are large factories. The r. is navigable, 
and the port had in 1S50, 675 tons shipping, mostly in the 
coasting trade. The Eastern R. R. passes through the v. 25 
m. from Boston. The " Ipswich Clarion." a semi-monthly 
literary, is published here. Pop. of t 3,849. 

Iea, t. and p. v., St. Clair county. Mich. : 93 m. E. by S. 
Lansing. It lies on the N. shore of Lake St. Clair, and is 
drained by Swan and Lautries rivers. Soil fertile, and sur- 
face undulating, and well covered with pine timber. Pop. 
of t. 597. 

Ida, t. and p. v., Cayuga co., 271 T. : 141 m. W. N. W. 
Albany. Little Sodus cr. touches the N,, but the streams 
are small. Surface level, and soil very fertile. Farming is 

325 



IRA 



ISL 



the chief pursuit. The v. has a hotel and several stores. 
Pop. of t. 2,110. 

Iba, t. and p. v., Kutland co., Venn. : on Castleton r,, 54 
m. 8. S. W. Moutpulicr. The t. is rough and fittei' for graz- 
ing. The V. has a church, 2 or 3 stores, and 20 houses. 
The Troy, 'Whitehall, and Castleton 11. K. crosses the N. 
of the town. Fop. of L 407. 

Ikaskukgh, t., p. v., aud cap. Orleans co., Verm. : 42 m. 
N. N. W. Montpelicr. Surface of the t, gently broken, and 
soil productive. Drained by Black r., which flows into 
Lake Memphromagog. The v. is on the river, and con- 
taius a court-house, jail, 2 stores, and a few houses. The 
*' Orleans Gazette" (whig), is published here weekly. Pop. 
of t. i,oa4. 

Ikudcll county, Ni Car. Situate TV, centrally, and con- 
tains 635 sq. in. Bounded S. W. by Catawba r., a head of 
Bantee r., and drained N. and E. by numerous affluents of 
Yadkin r. Surface broken and hilly, affording excellent 
water-power ; soil very productive of wheat, corn, and 
cotton, which are the leading staples, and furnishes fine 
poaturage. It has some good timber. Farms 1,096; manuf. 
2-9, dwell. 1,S34, and pop.— wh. 10,547, fr. col. 30, si. 4,142 
—total 14,719. Capital : Statesville. 

Ibblamd, p. o., Hampden co., Mass.: 82 m. W. by S. 
Boston. 

Ieeland, p. 0., Lewis county, Viri/. : 1S9 m. "W. N. W. 
Bichmond. 

Ikkl.vni> Corners, p. c, Albany co,, N. T. 

iRtsn Grove, p. o., Atchison co., Mo. : 214 m. N. "W. 
Jefferson City. 

Ieibu EippLE, p. o., Lawrence coimty, Perm.: 1S9 m. 
W. N. "VV. llarrisburg. 

Iron county, Utah Ter. Situate 3., stretching E. and W. 
across tiie Territory between latitudes 37° 30' and 3S° 30'. 
Surface mucli varied, and where best known, well wooded 
and abounding in bituminous coal, salt, and gypsum. 
Farms 54 : manuf. 2 ; dwell. S6, and pop. — wh. 860, fr. col. 
.1— total 360. Oipital: 

Iron Cekhk, p. o., Washtenaw co., Mich. : 43 ra. S. E. 
Lauscng. 

Irondbquoit, t. and p. v., Monroe co., N. Y.: 1S9 m. 
TV. N. W. Albany. Genesee r. bounds it on the W., Lake 
Ontario N., and W. Irondequoit Bay. Surface level, with 
Band-bills in the E., and soil productive. It has some com- 
merce, and is a resort for fishing. Pop. 2,397. 

Ieondeqcoit bay, Monroe co., 2^. Y.: an arm of Lake 
Ontario, 6 ra. deep and 1 m. wide. A creek of the same 
name, which affords numerous mill-sites, falls into the bay. 
Fish of various descriptions are taken here in abundance. 

Iron Furnace, p. o,, Scioto co., Ohio: S3 m. S. by E. 
Columbus. 

Iron Mountain, p. o., St. Francis co., Mo.: 9S m. S. E. 
Jefferson City. The celebrated Iron Mountain lies on the 
E. extreme of the Ozark Mountains, is li m. long, 1 ra. 
broad, and 444 feet high. The lop is solid ore, a raicaceous 
oxide of iron of superior quality, yielding 60 per cent, of 
metal, and in the crude state is used to manufacture edge 
tools. The amount that may be made is immense, and is 
goon to be brought into universal use by a raih*oad from 
SL Louis. 

Iron Kidge, p. v., Dodge co., Wise: 61 m. N. E, by E. 
Madison. 

Ikonton, p. v., Lawrence co., Ohio : on tho Ohio r., near 
the mouth of Stormes' cr., 97 m. S. S, E. Columbus. It is 
a fine little village of rapid growth, the terminus of the Iron 
K. K., and the shipping port for the iron of a rich and ex- 
tensive mining region. It h.T.s a fine dep6t, several large 
stores and warehouses, and a large trade. The " Ironton 
Eegister" (neutral), is published here weekly. 

Ironwood Bluff, p. o., Itawamba county, Miss.: 179 m. 
N. N. E. Jacksr.n. 

Iroquois county, III. Situate N. E., and contains 1,398 
eq. m. Drained by Sugar cr., Iroquois r., and other branches 
820 



of Kankakee r., which flows on ita N. border, and soon into 
the Illinois. Surface mostly low and level, with many 
swamps and marshes, and some prairie; soils usually pro- 
ductive, raising good crops of corn, and feeding numbers 
of cattle and swine. Farms 8S7 ; manuf. ; dwell. 71S, 
and pop.— wh. 4,072, fr. col. 77— total 4,149. Capital: 
MiddleporL 

Iroquois, p. v., Ir»quois co., ///. ; on the Iroquois r., 131 
m. E. N. E. Springfield. It contains a large hotel, several 
fine stores, and two mUla. 

Irville, p. v., Muskingum co., Ohio: about 2 m. from 
the Ohio Canal, 45 m. E. by N. Columbus. It has several 
stores, and 200 inhabitants. 

Irvine, p. v., and cap. Estill co., Ky. : on the N. aide of 
Kentucky r., 57 m. S. E. Frankfort. It has a fine loca- 
tion, and contains the court-house, jail, etc., about 40 dwell- 
ings, and 800 inhabitants. 

Irvine, p. o., Warren county, Penn.: 171 m. N. V,'. 
llarrisburg. 

Ibtine's Stoke, p. c, Weakly co., Tenn, : 92 m. W. by N. 
Nashville. 

Irving, p. v., Chautauque co., 2^. Y. : on Lake Erie, at 

the mouth of Cattaraugus cr., 205 m. W. by S. Albany. It 

has a good landing, and several stores and dwellings. 

Irving, p. o., Barry co., Mich. : 44 m. W. by S. Lansing. 

Irving College, p. o., Warren co., Tenn.: 5S m. S. E. 

Nashville. 

Irwin county, Ga. Situate S. centrally, and contains 
2,064 sq. ra. Drained by Ocmulgee r., its N. E. line, and 
heads of Santilla (or St. Ilia) r., streams fiowing into the 
Atlantic, and Little r.. New r., Allapahaw r., and their 
branches, heads of Suwanee r., emptying into the Gulf. 
Surface diversified, with no great elevations, and much low 
land ; soil productive of the grains, on which many cattle 
and hogs are raised, and cotton. Timber is abundant, pine 
particularly. Farms 414; manuf. 0; dwell. 44S, and pop. — 
wh. 2,8S3, fr. col. 1, si. 450— total 8,331 Capital : Irwins- 
ville. Public Works : Savannah and Pensacola K. K. 

Irwin's Cross Eoads, p. o., Washmgton co., Gq. : 26 m. 
S. E. MilledgeviUc. 

Ibwinsville, p. v., and cap. Irwin co., Ga. : about 3 m. 
E. Allapahaw r., 102 m. S. by W. Milled geville. It haa 
a court-house, jail, etc., a few stores, and 20 dwellings. 

Irwinton, p. v., and cap. Wilkinson co., Ga. : about 6 m. 
W. Oconee r, 19 m. S. MiUedgevillo. It has a court-house, 
jail, academy, three churches, and 160 inhabitants. 

Isabella county, Mich. Situate centrally on Lower 
Peninsula, and contains 576 sq. m. Drained by Salt, Chip- 
pewa, and Pine rivers, aflluents of the Saginaw. A new 
county, unorganized in 1S50. 

IscuuA river, M Y.: an aflluent of Oil cr., from Cattar- 
augus CO., and which, through that river, empties into the 
Alleghany at Olean. 

Island Creek, t. and p. o., Jefferson co., 0?i>o: on the 
Ohio r., 126 m. E. N. E. Columbus. Drained by Island 
cr. Surface uneven, and soil very fertile, and excellent 
grazing. Wool is largely grown. Pop. 1,9S7. 

Island Ford, p. o., Rutherford county, 2^. Car, : 202 m. 
W. by S. Ealeigh. 

Island Geove, sla., Morgan co., III. : on tho Sangamon 
and Morgan K. P., 19 m. from Springfield. 

Isle au Chats, X Y. : an island of the St Lawrence, of 
which there is another on tho British side of the same 
name, between which the dividing line of the two countries 
passes. The one on the American side of the line belongs 
to the t. of Louisville, St. Lawrence co. 

Isle au Gallop, A^. Y.: an island of tho St. Lawrence, 
and a part of the t. of Lisbon, in St, Lawrence co. 

Isle au Rapid, an island of St Lawrence r., in the L of 
Madrid, St. Lawrence co. 

IsLEBOBouGU, t. and p. v., Waldo co.. Me. : in Penobscot 
Bay, 47 m. E. Augusl;i. It is composed of a large, and 
several small islands near it, whicli have a fertile soil, witli 



ISI. 



IZA 



fine harbors, much frequented by fishermen and coaslera. 
Fibbing is the chief pursuit. Pop. of t. 9S4. 

IsLB Brevillb, P.O., Natchitoches par,, Z</. ; 159 m. N.W. 
Baton Kouge. 

Isle of Suoaib; a cluster of islands in the Atlantic, S m. 
from Portsmouth Uarbor, and called Uog, Uuck, Star, 
Smutty Nose, Londoner, "White, and Malaga. They consti- 
tute the t of Gosport, and are chiefly composed of rocks. 
Several of the islands have boon connected with each other 
by sea walls, and their harbors otherwise improved. The 
inhabitants are fishermen, and besides supplying the Ports- 
mouth market, salt large quantities lor export. I*op. 103. 

Isle of "WrcnT county, Virff. Situate 8. E., and contains 
852 sq. m. Bounded W. by Black r., a head of Chowan r., 
and N. E, by James r. Surface various, with some good 
mill seals ; soil mostly fertile. Corn is the staple. Sweet 
potatoes are much grown, and many hogs fattened. It has 
fine peach orchards, and its peach brandy is much noted. 
Farms 629; manuf. 13; dwell. 1,200, and pop.— wh. 4,724, 
fr. col. 1,234, si. 3,395— total 9,853. Oipifai : Sraithfield. 
Puhlic Works : Norfolk and Petersburg K. E. ; Seaboard 
and Eoanoke R. U. 

Isi.ip, t. and p. v., Suffolk co., N.T.:on the Atlantic, 129 
m. S. S. E. Albany. The surface is level, and soil sandy 
and mostly productive ,with few streams. The v. contains two 
churclies, and several stores and dwellings. Pop. of t.2,C02. 

IsNET, p. o., Choctaw county, Ala.: 122 m. W. by S. 
Montgomery. 

Isorn's Stoke, p. o., Maury co., Tenn. : 33 m. 8. S. "W. 
Nashville. 

Ispahan, p. o., Fayette coMnty, Tejin. : 163 m. S. "W. 
Nashville. 

Israel's river, Coos co., 2f. ITamp. : a noted tributarj' 
of the Connecticut r., formed by tlie cascades and falls from 
the summit of Mt. Adams and Mt. Jefferson, and meeting 
the Connecticut at Lancaster. It is a beautiful stream, and 
along its hanks is much picturesque scenery. 

IssAQt'ENA c<5unty, Mm. Situate "W. centrally, and con- 
tains 964 sq. ra. Tazoo r. is on its E. border, and the Mis- 
si^jsippi its W. boundary ; between these are Sunflower r., 
\\'illiams bayou, and other streams. Surlace low and even; 
soil highly productive. Cotton is the staple. Farms 75; 
luanuf. 0; dwell. 110, and pop— wh.3G6,fr. col. 7,sI.4,105— 
total 4,478. Capital: Tallula. 

Italy Hill, p. o., Yates co,, K. T. : 173 m. W. Albany. 

Italy Hollow, p. c, Tales county, N. Y.: 17ti m. "W. 
Albany. 

Itasca county, Minn. Situate N. E. part of the Territorj', 
and extent not ascertained.. It lies on the N. line of the 
U. S., and has on the N. a chain of lakes and rivers, extend- 
ing from Lake of the Woods to Lake Superior, the last 
forming its E. boundary. It is bounded S. by PLamsey and 
"Washington counties, and "W. by the Mississippi r. and 
Pembina co. It embraces a large territory, hardly settled 
at all by white men, and little known, except by hunters 
and the natives, between whom a lively trade is kept up in 
furs, the only important product of the oo. Many streams 
afford fine fishing and facilitate travel, most of which have 
one or more lakes emptying into them. The largest of 
these are Mississippi r. and its lakes, Cass, and "Winnibigos- 
hish. Flowing E. into Lake Superior are Embarr.is r.. 
East Swan r.. Second Embarras r., and Cloquet r., branches 
of St. Louis r.— a large stream— Knife r., Gooseberry r., Bap- 
tism r., etc. Farms 36 ; manuf. ; dwell. 23, and pop. - wh. 97. 

Itasca Lake, Mim*. Ter. : a small lake, the source of the 
head stream of the Mississippi r. Lat. 47^ 10' N., and long. 
950 54' -w.— 3.160 m. above the Gulf of Mexico. It is a 
beautiful lake, lying among the hills, surrounded by pines. 
Its outlet is 10 or 12 feet wide, and from 12 to 18 Inches 
deep. It was discovered by Schoolcraft, July 13, 1S32. 

Itawamba county. Miss. Situate N. E., and contains 
94S sq. m. Drained by several head streams of Tombigbee r. 
Surface level or undulating ; soil mostly very productive. 



Cotton is the staple, and com but little inferior iu its yield. 
Farms 1,499 ; manuf. 6 ; dwell. 1,S62, and pop.— wh. 11,395. 
fr. col. 6, si. 2,127— total 13,628, Capital : Fulton. Puhlio 
Works: Mobile and Ohio E. K. 

IrnACA, t., p. v., and cap. Tompkins co., N. T. : 134 m, 
"W. Albany. Drained by Fall, Six Mile, and Caacadilla 
creeks, which fall into Ca>-uga Lake. The v. is situated oq 
a plain, 1} m. S. of the lake, and on both sides of Ca>'uga 
inlet, which is navigable for largo canal boats. The alluvial 
flat, on which the city is chiefly located, is inclosed oq 
three sides by hills, which rise gradually to the height of 
500 feet, and a part of the v. lies on the hill overlooking 
the beautiful lake in its front. The streets are at right 
angles, forming square blocks; its buildings are usually neat 
ami commodious, and most of the thoroughfares are orna- 
mented with shade trees. In available hydraulic power 
applicable to manufactures Ithaca is second to no olhcr vil- 
lago in the State, and it is already engaged largely in indus- 
trial pursuits. The streams before named, in descending 
from tho hills, have numerous falls. Fall cr. descends 433 
feet in the course of a mile, having three successive falls of 
70, 50, and 116 feet, the latter a grand cataract, and in an 
unbroken sheet, and other fulls in tho vicinity of the place 
are almost co-equal in extent and grandeur with these. The 
manufactures of the place comprise extensive cotton and 
woolen mills, flouring mills, iron works, machine shops, 
plaster mills, paper mills, and a variety of other industrial 
establishments. Its commercial advantages are also great, 
Southicard the Cayuga and Susquehanna R. K. gives it 
access to the iron and coal fields of Pennsylvania, and at 
Owego it unites with the New York and ErieE. K., forming 
a direct route to New York City; and Northward through 
Cayuga Lake and Sene<'a Catud it communicates with the 
Erie Canal and the central chain of railroads extending 
between Albany and Buffalo. The principal exports south 
are plaster, flour, etc., which are exchanged for tho coal, 
iron, etc., of that region. Iihaca has two newspapers, tho 
"I. Chronicle" (whig), issued daily and weekly, aud tho 
" I. Journal" (dcm.), issued weekly. The v. was planned ia 
ISOO by Simeon De "Witt, and in 1321 it was incorporated. 
Pop. in 1S30, 3,324 ; in 1S40, 5,650 ; and in 1S50, C,9o9. 

Ithaca, p. o., Darke county, Ohio: 87 m, W. N. W. 
Columbus. 

IvE'e, sla., Hampden t., New Haven co., Conn. : on the 
New Haven and Northampton It. K., 7 m. from New Haveu. 

Ive's Geove, p. v., Eacine co., Wiac.: 79 m. E. B. E. 
Madison. A plank road passes W, through this village 11 
m. from Eacine. 

Ive'8 Store, p. o., Princess Anne co., Vlrg. : 94 m. S. E. 
Richmond. 

IvT, p. o., Yancey co., K Car. : 206 m. W. Kal<;igh. 

Iv^' Island, p. o., Edgefleld Uist., ^S", C<xr. : 7S m. "W. S. W. 
Columbia, 

Ivy Log, p. v., Union county, Qa.: 147 m. N. N. W. 
Milledgeville. 

Ivy Mills, p. v., Delaware co., Penn.: S3 m. E. by S. 
Harrisburg. 

IsoNiA, t. and p. v., Jefferson co-, Wl'ic. : on Rock r., 41 
m. E. by N. Madison. The t. has a rolling surface, well 
timbered, and fine water-power. The soil is very rich, with 
prime grass lands. The v. lied on the left bank of E(X'k r., 
and contains several stores aud mills, and about 250 inhab- 
itants. The plank road from Milwaukee to Madison passes 
through the town. Pop. of 1. 1,113. 

Izard county. Ark. Situate N. centrally, and contains 
841 sq. m. Drained by "While r, which runs through the 
county from N. "W. to S. E., and its branchoa Pine cr., 
Buffalo fork, etc. Surface somewhat elevated, but pretty 
even ; soil very fertile and exccHent for grass and grain. 
The pine is very almndant. Cattle and swine are raised in 
large numbers. Farms a32; manuf 7; dwell. 496, and 
pop—wh. 3,017, fr. col. 0, sL 196— total 3,213. Capital: 
Athens, 

827 



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Jacinto, p. v., and cap. Tishemingo co., MUs. : 191 m. 
N. N. E. Jackson. It contains a court-house, jail, etc., sev- 
eral stores and shops, and about 150 inhabitants. The 
"North Mississippi Union," a weeiily paper, is published 
in thb village. 

jACKSBORoron, p. v., and cap. Campbell co., Te7in.: 14S 
m. E. by N. N.'tshville. It has a court-house, jail, a few 
stores and dwellings, and 100 inhabitants. 

Jack's Creek, p. o., Henderson county, Tenn. ; 102 m. 
W. S. "W. Nashville. 

Jack's Fokks, p. o., Texaa co., 3fo. : on a branch of Cur- 
rent r. so called, 106 m. S. S. E. Jefferson City. 

Jackson county, Ala. Situate N. E., and contains 1,037 
sq. m. Tennessee r. runs S. W. through the E. parL and 
Eaceoon cr. and other branches drain it. Surface various, 
■with considerable low land ; soil very fertile. Cotton and 
com are the great staples. "Wheat grows well, and many 
hogs are raised. Farms S5G ; manuf. 4 ; dwell. 2,000, and 
pop.~wh. 11,756, fr. col. 40, si. 2,202— total 14,0S9. Caj>- 
ital: Beliefonte. PuUic Works: Memphis and Charleston 
E. R. ; Nashville and Chattanooga E. E. 

Jackson county. Ark. Situate N. E., and contains 679 
pq. m. It lies between Big Black and While rivers on the 
W., and Cache r., a branch of White r., on the E. Surface 
mostly undulating or level ; soil fine and well adapted to 
grazing. Corn is the staple, and large numbers of cattle 
and swine are raised. It has a great deal of excellent ash 
and cypress timber on Its streams. Farms 232 ; manuf. 4 ; 
dwell. 447, and pop.— wh. 2,617, fr. col. 6, si. 56-3— total 
8,0S6. Capital: Elizabeth. 

Jackson county, Flor. Situate N. W., and contains 929 
sq. m. Appalachieola r. forms its E. boundary, and Chipola 
r., a branch of it, with its affluents, drains it. Surface level, 
with slight hills ; soil generally fertile, on the streams very 
rich. Cotton is the great staple. Com and wheat are good 
crops, and many cattle and swine are kept. Farms 2S7; 
manuf. ; dwell 5G0, and pop.— wh. 3,075, fr. col. 30, si. 
8,534r-tota] 0,630. Capital : Mariana. 

Jackson county, Ga. Situate N. E. centrally, and con- 
tains 523 sq. m. Drained by North and Allen's forks and 
Appalachce r., head streams of Oconee r. Surface broken 
and elevated, with good meadows and water-power ; soil 
fertile, and well adapted to grass. Cotton grows well. 
Farms 547; manuf. 6; dwell. 1,200, and pop.— wh. 6,803, 
fr. col. 19, si. 2,941— total 9,763. Capital: Jefferson. 

Jackson county, III. Situate S. W., and contains 5S3 
sq. m. Drained by branches of Big Muddy r., a navigable 
Stream crossing it S. "W. to the Mississippi, which is its S.W. 
boundary. Surface rolling or slightly broken, with much 
timber and some prairie and swamp land ; soil very fertile, 
with excellent grazing. On Big Muddy r. arc salt springs 
and immense deposits of coat. Copper is found. Farms 
604 ; manuf. 23 ; dwell. 1,03S, and pop.— wh. 5,829, fr. col. 
83— total 5,SG2. Capital: Murphysboro'. FuUic Works: 
IlUnoLS Central E. E. 

Jackson county, Ind. Situate S. centrally, and contains 
624 sq. m. Drained by Driftwood, White, Salt, and Mus- 
catatuck creeks, all line mill streams. Surface level or un- 
dulating, with some "knobs" in the N. The bottoms are 
large and rich, and the soil generally sandy clay. Most of 
the county is well timbered. All the grains yield great 
crops, and much beef and pork is fattened. Indian mounds 
are found in the N. Farms 1,173; manuf. 18; dwell. 1,965, 
aud pop.— wh. 10,837, fr. col. 210— total 11.047. Capital: 
Brownstown. Puhlic Works: Jeffersonville E. E. 

Jackson county, la. Situate E., and contains 643 sq. m. 
Drained by Macoquetais r. and its branches, affluents of 
the Mississippi, its E. boundary. Surface diversified, in 
parts broken ; soil good and well timbered, producing the 
eereala in abundance. This county is rich in minerals. It 



lies opposite the Galena lead district, and is abundantly 
supplied with lead, iron ore, copper, zinc, and gypsum. 
Farms 703; manuf. 10; dwell. 1,277, and pop.— wh. 7,201, 
fr. col. 9— total 7,210. Capitul: Andrew. 

Jackson parish. La. Situate N. centrally, and contains 
927 sq. m. Drained by Dugdemona r, and br.anches W., 
and E. by branches of Wachita r., all affluents of Eed r. 
Surface undulating, and covered mostly with a heavy 
growth of oak, hickory, sassafra?, and poplar; soil on the 
river bottoms verj- fertile, and well adapted to cotton, which 
is the staple production. Farms 29'^ ; manuf. 6; dwell. 622, 
aud pop.— wh. 3,406, fr. col. 2, sL 2,153— total 5,506. Cap- 
ital : Vemon. 

Jackson county, Mich, Situate S. centrally, and con- 
tains 720 gq. ra. Drained N. and W. by Portage r., a head 
of Grand r., and heads of Kalamazoo r., both flowing into 
Lake Michigan, and S. E. by heads of Ilaisin r., flowing 
into Lake Erie. Surface undulating, with few hiils; soil a 
rich, sandy loani, bearing great gmin crops and grass. It 
has good water-power, abundance of limestone and mari, 
fine building stone, and some coal. Farms 2,260; manuf. 
95; dwell. 8,540, and pop.— wh. 19,S46, fr. col. 85— total 
19,431. Capital: Jackson. Puhlic Works: Michigan 
Central E. E. 

Jackson county, Miss. Situate S. on the Gulf, and con- 
tains 1,243 sq. m. Drained by numerous branches of Pas- 
cagoula r., which crosses it from N. to S., and empties into 
Pascagoula Bay. Surface level and much of it wooded 
with pine; soil of moderate fertility. Corn is the staple, 
and many cattle and swine are raised. Farms 212 ; manuC 
S ; dwell. 440, and pop.— wh. 2,273, fr. col. 100, si. S25— 
total 8,198. Capital: Jackson C. H. 

Jac£SOn county. Mo. Situate W., and contains 789 sq. m. 
Drained by Big and Little Blue rivers, affluents of the Mis- 
souri, its N. boundary. Surface elevated and somewhat 
undulating; soil excellent, particularly for grain and grass. 
Com is the agricultural staple. Large numbers of cattle, 
hogs, aud sheep are raised on its fine pa.stures and abund- 
ant mast. It is well limbered and has good water-power. 
Farms 9SC; manuf 78; dwell. 1,719, and poj).— wh. 10,092, 
fr. col. 39, El. 2,909— total 14,000. Capital : Independence. 
Public Worke : Pacific E. K. 

Jackson county, 2f. Car. Situate S. W., and contains 
S^ sq. m. Drained by Tuckassege r., a head of the Ten- 
nessee r., and its affluents. Surface broken and mountain- 
ous^. Soil ver>' productive, yielding large crops of all the 
grains, and affording excellent pasture. Com and pork 
are staples. Erected since 1850. 

Jackson county, Ohio. Situate S., and contains 884 
sq. m. Drained by Eaceoon and Symmes creeks, and Lit- 
tle Scioto, affluents of Ohio r, and Salt cr., a branch of 
Scioto r. Surface somewhat broken, and soils highly pro- 
ductive of the grains and grass. Coal and iron ore are 
abundant. Com, wheat, wool, and pork are farming sta- 
ples. Farms 1,164; raanuf. 14; dwell. 2,120, and pop. — 
wh. 12,830, fr. col. 891— total 12,721. Capital: Jackson. 
Puhlic Works: Cincinnati, Hillsboro', and Parkersburg 
E. E. ; Scioto and Hocking Valley E. E. 

Jackbon county, Tenn. Situate N. centrally, and con- 
tains 369 sq. m. Drained by small affluents of Cumber- 
land r., which crosses it from N. E. to S. W., and is boatablo 
at all seasons. Surface diversified, but not rough, with 
some water-power; soils fine. Tobacco and all the grains 
grow well, and many sheep and swiuo are raised. Farms 
1,211; manuf. 4; dwell. 2,825, and pop.— wh. H.Otrt), fr. coL 
115, si. 1,55S— total 15.673. Capital: Gainesboro'. 

Jackson county, Tea}. Situate S. near the Gulf, and 
contains 8S4 sq. m. Drained by Arenosa bayou W., Car- 
ancua bayou E., but masUy by Lavacca and Navidad rivers, 
which are navigable for vessels of light drafi, and their 
branches. Surface a rolling prairie, wholly destitute of 
stone. The streams are lined with forests, the rest of the 
county is open ; soil a deep black mold lying over red 



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loam, and very rich. Com and cotton yield enormously, 
and most esculents flourish. Indigo ia raised abundantly. 
Cattle are an important staple, requiring little attention, and 
grazing on the prairies the year round. Farms 73 ; manuf. 
0; dwell. 114, and pop.— wh. 63T, fr. col. 80, si. 339— total 
9%. Capital: Texana. 

Jackson county, Virg. Situate N. W., and contains 412 
sq. m. Drained E. by branches of Little Kanawha r., and 
W. by Big Mill, Big and Lillle Sandy creeks, affluents of 
Ohio r, which l)ound3 it N. "W. Surface varied, with good 
mill seats; soil very good, adapted to grain growing and 
grazing. Cum. wheat, and pork are staples. Farms 602 ; 
manuf! 16; <lwell. 1,0^4, and pop.— wh. 6,4S0, fr. col. 11, si. 
53— total 6,544. Capital: Kipley (Jackson C. 11.) 

Jackson, p. v., Clarke co., A/^r.: on the left bank of 
Tombigbee r., 113 m. S. W. by W. Montgomery. 

J-vrKsoN, p. v., Stephenson eo., JIL: on a branch of 
Peckat'tnira r.. 171 m. N. Springfield. 

Jackson, p. v.. and cap. Butts co., Ga. : 46 m. W. N. W. 
Milledgevillc. It lies about S m. W. of Ocmulgee r., and 
contains a court-houst', jail, an aciidemy, several churches 
find stores, and about 200 inhabitants. 

Jackson, p. o., Elkhart county, Md. : 67 m. N. by E. 
Indianapolis. 

Jack.^ox, p. v., and cap. Breathitt co., Ky.: on the N. 
fork of Kentucky r.. 92 m. E. S. E. Frankfort. It is a pretty 
village, containing the county buildings, and has valuable 
salt works in the vicinity. 

Jackson, p. v., and cap. East Feliciana par., La. : on the 
E. side of Thompson's cr., 26 m. N. Baton Rouge. Here 
is located Centenary College, founde<i in 1S39, with 7 in- 
structors, 40 alumni, 94 students, and 5.000 volumes in ils 
library. The v. contains the court-house, several stores, 
and about 1,000 inhabitants. 

Jackson, t. and p. v., Waldo co., Me.: on a branch of 
Marsh r., 37 m. N. E. Augusta. It has a fine soil, produ- 
cing superior wheat. Pop. of t. 8:B3. 

Jackson, t., p. v., and cap. Jackson co., Mich. : on Grand 
r., 82 ra. S. by E. Lansing. The t. is drained by Grand and 
Portage rivers, aflbrding excellent water-power, and has a 
rich soil adapted to grass or grain. Coal and abundance 
of white sandstone and limestone are found. The v. is on 
Grand r., where the falls furnish abundant water-power, 
and is extensively engaged in manufactures of flour, leather, 
iron ware, machinery, etc. It contains a court-house, jail, 
the Slate penitentiary, a branch of the university, and 
several banks. Its situatioq and facilities for transportation 
and travel give it a large trade with the interior and the 
East. The Michigan Central R. R. passes through the v. 
76 m. from Detroit. Two newspapers, the " American Cit- 
izen" (whig), and the "Jackson Patriot" (dem.), are pub- 
lished weekly. Pop. of t. 4,147. 

Jackson, p. v., and cap. Ilinds co., j^FiSS., and capital of 
the State of Mississippi : on the W. bank of Pearl r.. in lat. 
820 23' N., and long. 90O 08' "W.— 1,035 m. "W. S. W. Wash- 
ington. The site is level, and about a quarter of a mile 
from the river. The v., regularly laid off, contains a hand- 
some State house, the govemor's house, the State peniten- 
tiary, a XT. S. land ofBce, etc., several mechanic shops, about 
40 stores of various descriptions, and 3,000 inhabitants. 
Three newspapers are published here, viz., the ''Mississip- 
pian"' (dem.), the " Flag of the Union" (whig), and the 
'"Hinds Gazette" (whig), all weekly issues. The Vicks- 
burg, Jackson, and Brandon R. R. passes through Jack- 
eon, as will also tho New Orleans, Jackson, and Northern 
E. R., etc. 

Jackson C. H., p. v., and cap. Jackson co.. Miss. : on 
Cedar cr., near Pascagoula r., 139 m. S. E. Jackson. It 
contains a court-house, jail, hotel, and a few houses. 

Jackson, U and p. v., Washington co., K. Y.: on S. 
Bide of Batten lOII, 36 m. N. N. E. Albany. The t. has a 
Taricj] surface, a soil of moderate fertility, and considerable 
water-power. The Rutland and Washington E. K. crosses 

B2 



the E. part. The v. contains an academy, several stores, 
and 300 inhabitants. Pop. of t. 2,129. 

Jackson, p. v., and cap. Cape Girardeau co.. Mo.: ou 
Ilubbes' cr. of Whitewater r.. 12 m. from the Mississippi, 
162 m. 8. E. by E. Jefferson City. It contains a court-house, 
jail, etc., a U. S. land office, and about 600 inhabitants. The 
*' Southern Democrat" is published weekly. 

Jackson, t. and p. v., C^os co., y. Ramp. : at the E. base 
of White Mountains, 64 m. N. N. E. Concord. Drained by 
Ellis's r., a branch of Saco r., affording water-power. Sur- 
face very rugged ; soil good. The v. lies near the E. branch 
of Ellis's r. Pop. of t. 5S9. 

Jackson, p. v., and cap. Northampton co., K Car, : about 
5 m. N. Roanoke r., S4 m. N. E. Raleigh. It contains the 
court-house, and a few stores and dwellings. 

Jackson, t., Jackson co., Ohio: 56m. S. S. E. Columbus. 
A fine grazing to\vn. Drained by Salt creek. Pop. 717. 

Jackson, p. v., and cap, Jackson co., Ohio : on a branch 
of the Scioto, 65 m. S. S. E. Columbus. It contains a court- 
house, jail, several stores and snirdl mills, and 4S0 inhabit- 
ants. The Iron R. R. will connect here with the Scioto 
and Hocking Valley E. R. The "Jackson Standard" 
(whig), and " Jackson Union" (dem.), are issued here 
weekly. 

Jackson, t. and p. v., Susquehanna co., Penn.: on head 
of Tunkhannock cr., 185 ra. N. E. by N. Harrisburg. Sur- 
face rough, and soil good pasture. The v. has 3 stores and 
25 houses. 

Jackson, p. v., and cap. Madison co., Tenn. : on Forked 
Deer r., 118 m. W. S. W. Nashville. It contains a court- 
house, jail, 3 churches, 12 stores, and 600 inhabitants. 

Jackson C. II., p. v., and cap. Jackson co.. Virg. : on 
Big Mill cr. of Ohio r., 241 m. W. N. W. Riebmnnd. It 
contains, besides a court-house and jail, several stores and 
mills, an academy, and 250 inhabitants. 

Jackson, p. o., Louisa county, Virg.: 45 m. N. W. 
Richmond. 

Jackson, p. v., and cap. Calaveras co., Calif.: at tho 
junction of N. and 8. forks of Mokelumne r., 106 m. 
E. by N. Vallejo. It contains a court-house, several stores, 
and 600 inhabitants. The washings in the vicinity are very 
rich in gold, and the soil excellent. 

Jacksonbobough, p. v., and cap. Scriven co., Ga. : oa 
Brier cr., 104 m. E. by S, Milledgeville. It contains a court- 
house, jail, high school, several stores, an«l 150 inhabitants. 

Jacksonbobougu, p. v., Butler co., Ohio : 83 m. W. S.W. 
Columbus. 

Jackson Brook, p. c, Washington co., Me.: 123 m. 
E. N. E. Augusta. 

Jackson BijEGU, p. v., Wa)Tie t»unty, Ind.: 73 m. E. 
Indianapolis. 

Jackson BCTEGH, p. v., Herkimer co., N. T. : 6S m. N. W. 
Albany. 

Jackson Coeners, p. v., Duchess co., N. Y. : 4-3 m. S. 
Albany. 

Jackson Creek, p. v.. Will co., 7?/.; on an affluent of 
Illinois r. so called, 139 m. N. E. Springfield. 

Jackson Furnace, p. v., Jackson co., Ohio: near the 
Little Scioto r., 77 m. S. by E. Columbus. 

Jackson Hall, p. v., Franklin co., Penn. : 56 m. W. S. W 
Harrisburg. 

Jacksoniiam, p. 0., Lancaster dist., S. Car. : 5S m. 
N. N. E. Columbia. 

Jackson Hill, p. o., D.avidson co., Jf. Car.: 96 m. W. 
Raleigh. 

Jackson Hill, p. o., Spartanburgh dist., S. Car. : 89 m. 
N. N. W. Columbia. 

Jackson Point, p. c, Holt co.. Mo. : 203 m. W. N. W. 
Jefferson City. 

Jackson Port, p. o., Jackson co.. Ark.: 97 ra. N. N. E. 
Little Rock. 

Jackson's Camp, p. o., Tallapoosa co., Ala.: N. K 

Montgomery. 

329 



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Jackson's Creek, p. o,, Fairfield disL, S. Car. : 28 m. 
N. by W. Columbia. 

Jackson's Ferry, p. o., Wythe co., Virg. : near New r., 
195 m. W. 8. W. Kichmoud. 

Jackson's Mills, p. v., Lenawee co., Mich. : 69 m. 8. S.E. 
Lansing. 

Jackson's Mills, p. 0., Ocean co., JK Jer. : 26 m. E. 
Trenton. 

Jackson's river, Ttrff. : rises in Highland eo., on E. side 
of Allen;liany Mountains, and flows S. to Covington, then E. 
to its junction with Cowpasturo r., whioh two form the 
James. It has a very rapid descent, and furnishes much 
water-power. 

Jacksontown, p. v., Licking co., Ohio: about 4 m. E. 
of tiie Ohio Canal, 29 m. E. Columbus. It has several stores 
and 800 inhabitants. 

Jackson Vallby, p. v., Susquehanna ca, Perm. : 133 
m. N. E. by N. Harrisburg. 

Jacksonville, p. v., and cap. Benton co., Ala. : on 
Chocoloche cr. of Coosa r., 102 m. N. N. E. Montgomery. 
It contains a court-house, jail, several large stores, a few 
manufactories of farming implements, and 850 inhabitants. 
Tlie " llepubiican'' (dem.) is issued weekly. 

Jacksonville, p. v., and cap. Duvall co., Flor. : on the 
left bank of St. John's r., about 20 m. from its mouth, 162 
m. E. Tallahassee. The St. John's, here 1 m. wide, furnishes 
access to the interior and the N. coast, carrying hence heavy 
cargoes of cotton, and bringing hither many invalids at- 
tracted by the mildness of the climate. It contains a court- 
house, jail, academy, and several stores and dwellings. 

Jacksonville, p, v., and cap. Telfair co., Ga. : on the left 
bank of Ocmulgee r., 94 m. S. by E. Milledgeville. It con- 
tains a court-house, jail, academy, and about 100 inhab- 
itants. 

Jacksontille, p. T., and cap. Morgan co., lU. : SO m. W. 
Springfield. It is near Mauvaiseterre cr., surrounded by 
rich prairie, and is one of the most flourishing villages in 
the State. It has extensive manufactures of flour, cotton 
goods, leather, machinery, etc., a court-house, jail, several 
excellent high schools, and 2,000 inhabitants. Illinois Col- 
lege, founded in 1S30, has a fine location here, 6 instructors, 
94 graduates, of whom 85 are ministers, 32 students, and a 
library of 2,500 volumes. The State institutions for the deaf 
and dumb, the insane, and the blind are pleasantly located 
and in successful operation in the outskirts of the village. 
The Sangamon and Morgan K. K. passes the v. 33 m. from 
Springfield, and 21 from Naples. The " Morgan Journal" 
(whig) publishes weekly and tri-weekly editions. 

Jacksonville, p. v., Switzeriaud co., Ind.. : S2 m. S. E. 
Indianapolis. 

Jacksonville, p. v., Burlington county, Jf. Jer.: on 
Assincunk cr., 10 m. S. Trenton. 

Jac-ksonvtli^, p. v., Tompkins co., K. T.: 149 m. W. 
Albany. 

Jackson vn-LE, p. v., Darke co., Ohio: 81 m. "W. by N. 
Columbus. 

Jacksonville, p. v., Lehigh co., Peixn. : 79 m. E. N. E. 
Harris burg. 

Jacksonville, p. v., llVindham co.. Verm. : 105 m. 
S. by W. Montpelicr. It contains several stores and 200 in- 
habitants. 

Jacksonville, p. v., Cherokee co,, Tex. : 176 m. N. E. 
Austin City. 

Jacksonville, p. o., Bourbon county, Ey. : 43 m. E. 
Frankfort. 

Jacksonville, p. v., Tuolumne co., Calif. : on Tuolumne 
r, near the junction of Rattlesnake cr.. 9S m. E. S. E. 
Tallejo. It ig the centre of a rich gold district, and has 
several stores and 500 inhabilanls. 

Jack's Reef, p. v., Onondaga oo., N. Y. : 141 m. W. by N. 
Albany. 

Jacesville, p. V,, Butler co. Peim. : ITT m. W. N. TV. 
Harrii^burg. 



jAOOBSBUBGn, p. V., Bclmont county, Ohio: lOT m. E. 
Columbus. A village of about 300 inhabitants. 

Jacobsbitrgii, p. v., Northampton co., Penn..: 94 m. 
E. N. E. Harrisburg. Here is a bloomery forge makmg 50 
tons iron per annum, and a few dwellings. 

Jacob's Fokk, p. o., Catawba co., A"". Car.: 124 m. "V7. 
Kaleigh. 

Jacobstown, p. 0., Burlington co., N. Jer. : S. S. E. 
Trenton. 

Jaffeey, t. and p. v., Cheshire co., K. Hamp. : at the 
head of Contoocook r., 37 m. S. W. by S. Concord. It lies 
S. E. of Monadnock Mountain, has a fine soil for grass, 
several ponds, aflbrding excellent mill streams, a mineral 
spring furnishing yellow ocher, and small factories for cot- 
ton and woolen goods. The v. has a high school, a hotel, 
eevcj-al stores, and 200 inhabitants. Pop. of 1. 1,497. 

Jake's Prairie, p. v., Gasconade county, Mo.: near 
Bourbeuse cr., 43 m. S. E. Jefferson City. 

Jake's Run, p. o., Monongalia co., llrg. : 191 m. N. "W. 
Richmond. 

Jalapa, p. v., Grant co., Ind. : on Mississinewa r., 63 m- 
N. N. E. Indianapolis. 

Jalapa, p. o., M'Miim co., Tenn.: 126 m. E. 8. E. 
Nashville. 
Jalapa, p. o., Greene co., //.;. ; 43 m. S. "W. Springfield. 
Jamaica, t and p. v., Queens co., N. Y. : 137 m. S. 
Albany. Surface level, with slight hills in the N. ; soil a 
sandy loam, and mostly fertile, with extensive salt meadows 
in the S., producing large crops of grass. Jamaica Bay 
occupies the S., and the Union Race-course is in the W. part, 
S m. from Brooklyn. The v. is on the Long Island R. R., 
11 m. from Brooklyn, and contains the county clerk's and 
surrogate's offices, an academy, a female seminary, 6 
churches, 6 hotels, 20 stores, several manufactories, an ex- 
tensive repair shop for the railroad, and about 1,SOO inhab- 
itants. Two weekly papers are published, the " Long Island 
Farmer'' (whig), and the "Long Island Democrat." Pop. 
of t. 4,247. 

Jamaica, t and p. v., "Windham co., Vervi. : 86 m. 
S. by W. Montpelier. Drained by "West r., which afl'f^ds 
fine water-power. Surface uneven, and soil mostly good. 
Limestone is abundant. The v. is on a branch of the river, 
has valuable mills, several stores, and 450 inhabitants. Pop. 
of t 1,606. 

Jamaica, p. o., Middlesex county, Virg. : 51 m. E. 
Richmond. 

Jamaica Plain, p. v., Norfolk oo., Mass. : on the Boston 
and Pro\iilence E. R., 3^^ m. S. W. Boston. Jamaica Pond, 
5 m. from the Exchange in Boston, supplied that city with 
water through 40 m. of pipe, from 1790 to Oct., 1S4S, when 
the Cochiluate Aqueduct was opened. The v. is a beauti- 
ful suburb of the city, containing many splendid private 
residences and fine schools, and has some trade and manu- 
factures. 

James City county, Vlrg. Sihiate E., and contains 113 
sq. m. . It has James r. on the S., Chickahominy r., its 
branch, on the W.. and York r. on the N. E. Surface gen- 
erally level, and soil mostly fertile. Corn and wheat are 
the staples. In this county was the first permanent eetlle- 
incnt made by the English in America, Jamestoivn, its site, 
lying in the S. on James r. This town is noted now only 
for its monuments ; but Williamsburg, 8 m. distant, was 
long the capital of the colony, and is the seat of Willi.am and 
Mary College, the oldest, save Harvard, in the IT. S., and 
widely distinguished for the elegance and refinement of its 
society. Farms 129; manuf. 0; dwell. 896, and pop.— wh. 
1,4S9, fr. col. 668, si. 1,86S— toUil 4,020. Capital: WiUiams- 
burg. 

James river, Mo. : with its branches, drain most of Greene 
county, and then by a S. course empties through Stone 
county into White river. 

James river, Virg. : the most important river of the Stale, 
and having its course wholly within it It rises in the Al» 



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Icghanies, and is formed by the union of Cowpasture and 
Jackson's rivers. North r. joins it at the passage of the 
Blue Eidge, and it is attcrward joined by the Kivanua 
and Appomattox, the latter of which is its largest affluent. 
James r. is upward of 500 m. long, and enters Hampton 
Eoads near the mouth of Chesapeake Bay. Lynchburg 
and Kichmond are on this river. Above Richmond the 
navigation has been Improved by the James Kivcr Canal, 
whicli is now completed to Balcony Falls. This river and 
its improved navigation form the outlet of a country aboumi- 
ing in tobacco, wheat, corn, hemp, coal, etc. Below Rich- 
mond the navigation is open to large vessels— 120 ton shijis 
come up to Eockefs, just below ; 250 tons to Warwick, and 
to Jamestown a 40 gun man-of-war. On Ilarrison's bar 
there is 15 feet water at low tide. 
jAjresBrp.GU, p. v., Middlesex co., K Jer. : N. E. Trenton. 
JA.MFS' Ceeek, p. v., Huntingdon oo., Penn.: on an af- 
diient of the Juniata so called, CT m. W. Ilarrisburg. 

James' Ceoss Eoads, p. o., Washington co., Tcnn. : Hi 
m. E. Nashville. 

Ja.mes' Fop.k, p. o., Crawford CO., Arl: : on a branch of 
Poteau r. so called, 1'24 m. W. N. W. Little Rock. 

James' Mill, p. o., Monroe CO., III.: ni m. S. S. W. 
Springlield. 
Jameson's, p. o., Owen oo., Kij. : 22 m. N. Frankfort. 
Jamf-spokt, p. v., Suffolk CO., ..v. }•. .■ about 2 m. from 
Great Pecr.nic Bay, 1:J4 m. S. E. by S. Albany. It is on the 
I^ng Island R. E., 16 m. from Grceuport. 

Jamestown, v., Tuolumne co., Calif. : on the Tuolumne 
r., above the junction of Eatllesuake cr., 99 m. E. S. E. 
Vallejo. 

Jamestown, t. and p. v., Boone co., Iml. : 26 m.W. N.'W 
Indianapolis. 

Jamestown, p. o., Clinton county. 111. : S5 ra. S. by E. 
Springlield. 

Jamestown, p. v., and cap. Russell CO., Ki/. : about 5 m. 
N. of Cumberland r., S3 m. S. Frankfort. It contains the 
county buildings, several stores, and 200 inhabitants. 
Jamestown, p. o., Moniteau co., Mo. : W. Jefferson City. 
Jamestown, p. v., Chautauque county, JV. Y.: 281 m. 
W. by S. Albany. It is near the S. E. end of Chautauque 
lake, or Conewango cr., its outlet, which furnishes fmc water- 
power. The lake is crossed to Mays\ille, 21 m., by steam- 
boats. The V. has numerous and valual.le mannfaeturcs 
of flour, woolens, cabinet ware, leather, iron ware, and 
agricultural implements. It contains 6 churches, a bank, 
an academy, 35 stores, and about 2,000 inhabitants. 

Jametown, p. o., Guilford co., X. Car.: on W. side of 
Deep r.. SI m. W. by N. Raleigh. 

Jamestown, v., Virg. : on the N. bank of James r., 46 m. 
E. S. E. Richmond. Here, 82 m. above the mouth of 
James r., was the first permanent English settlement in 
America, made in 16ii7. Historical associations have made 
it classical ground, which business d'jcs not disturb. The 
only remains of the first settlement are the ivy-covered 
ruins of a church and the moss-grown stones in the church- 
yard. 

Jamestown, p. v., Greene co., Oliio : on Cawar's cr. of 
the Little Miami, 44 m. S. W. by W. Columbus. It con- 
tains 3 churches, several mills, a high school, 6 stores, and 
about 400 inhabitants. 

JAME.STOWN, p. v., MoTCcr CO., P«i«. .' ou Shonango cr., 
214 m. N. W. by W. Harrisburg. It contains several stores 
and mills, and 3<i0 inhabitants. 

Jameskiwn, p. o., Muscogee oo., Ga. : 115 m. W. S. W. 
Milledgeville. 

Jamestown, p. v., and cap. Fentress co.. Term. : 126 m. 
E. by N. Nashville. It lies at the foot of Cumberland 
Mountain, and contains the county buddings and a few 
stores and dwellings. 

Jampstows, t. and p. v., Newport CO., R. I. : in Narra- 
ganaett Bay, 22 m. S. Providence. The I. comprises Co- 
oouicut Island, and has a rich soil, adapted to grass and 



corn. A fine farming t., 1 m. W. fVom Newport and 1 m. 
E. South Kingston, with ferries to both places. Pop. oft. 3.JS. 
Jamestown, t. and p. v.. Grant Co., ff'MC. : on the Mis- 
sissippi, "4 m. W. S. W. Madison. The t. is well drained 
by affluents of the Mississippi, affording good mill-sites, is 
uneven, and very fertile. The v. is small and on the river. 
Pop. of t 022. 

Jamestille, p. v., Onondaga CO., N. T. : on the W. side 
of Butterimt er., which furnishes water-power, 1-24 m. 
W. by N. Albany. It contains 4 churches, 2 hotels, 6 mills 
for flour and gypsum, and 450 inhabitants. 

Jamison's, sta., Orangeburg dist., S. Car. : on the Colum- 
bia Branch of the S. Carolina It. E., T m. N. Orangeburg, 
43 m. S. Columbia. 

Janeleu, p. o., Lewis county, rir(/. : IS" m. W. N. W. 
Richmond. 

Janesville, t. and p. v., EocW CO., IH.tc. ; on Rock r., 
SI m. S. S. E. Madison. The L has a rich and highly cul- 
tivated soil and even surface. The v. occupies both sidc-s 
of Rock r. back to the bluffs, which are 100 feet high, and 
has several large mills on the excellent sites the falls here 
afford. The court-house occupies a bold eminence, over- 
Iix.king a jaU, several large stores, and many fine dwellings. 
Its trade is extensive and rapidly increasing. A railroad 
to Chicago is commenced. Two weeklies, the "Janesville 
Gazelle''' (whig), and "E^ck County Badger" (dem.), are 
published. Pop. 3,419. 

Jarbatts, p. v., Sussex co., Firjr. ; on Noltaway r., 43 m. 
S. Richmond. The Petersburg E. P.. passee through the v. 
31 m. from Petersburg and 83 m. from Weldon. 

Jaerettu For.D, p. o., Kanawha county, Virs/. : 219 m. 
W. by N. Kielimond. 

jAiiEETreviLLE, p. V., Harford co., MJ. : near Deer cr., 
45 m. N. Annapolis. 

Jaspek county, Ga. Situate N. centrally, and contains 
369 sq. m. Drained by affluents of Ocmulgeo r., its W. 
boundary, and E. by heads of Oconee r. Surface various ; 
soils very fertile. Cotton is the staple, for which the country 
is admirably adapted, raising very large crops of excellent 
quality. Corn and wheat yield well. It has some water- 
power. Farms 65S ; manuf. 12 ; dwelL S12, and pop.— wh. 
4,333, fr. col. 29, si. 7,134— total 11,4S6. Capital: Monti- 
cello. 

jASPEtt county. III. Situate S. E., and contams 450 sq. m. 
Drained by Embarras and heads of Little Wabash r., both 
branches of Wabash r. Surface low and level, and in parts 
marshy; soil wet and not sufficiently drained. This done 
it would be very productive. Much of it is prairie, and 
part well limbered. Com is chiefly grown. Farms 2>3 ; 
manuf. 0; dwell, 5SS, and pop.— wh. 3,206, and fr. col. 14- 
total 3,220. Capital : Newton. 

Jaspee county, Ind. Situate N. ^W., and contains 9T3 
sq. m. Drained by Kankakee r., its N. boundary, and 
Pickamink, or Iroquois r., its branch, with their affluents. 
Beaver Lake, in the N. W., is the largest sheet of water in 
the State, and abounds in excellent flsh. Surface level, 
mostly wet or dn' prairie, interspersed with groves or oak 
openings. Much of the land is itrtile, and well adapted to 
grazing. Wheat, com, and oats are the cereal staples. 
Farms 343; manuf. 4; dwell. 692, and pop.-wh. 3,539, fr. 
col. 1— total 3,540. Capital: Eensselaer. 

Jaspee county, la. Situate E. centrally, and contains 
743 sq. m. Drained by N. and S. forks of Chieagua, or 
Skunk r., which runs S. E. to the Mississippi. Surface level 
or undulating; soil mostly prairie and very fertile. Good 
timber on the streams, which furnish some water-pijwer. 
This region is a fine farming and grazing country. Farms 
150; minuf. 0; dweU. 214, and pop.-wh. I,2s0, fr. ool tf- 
total 1,280. Capital :Se^ion. PuWic TTori's ; Conned 

Blufls E. E. „ , 

Jasper county, Mi.,>. Situate S. E. centrally, and con- 
tains 061 sq. m. Drained by Bogue Hun>e, TaH^*"^, ^"^ 
Leaf creeks, and brancltes of Chickasawha r.,^I flowmg 



JAS 



JEF 



through Pascagoula r. into Ihe Gulf. Surface level with 
moderate hills; soil produolive. Cotton is the staple, com 
a good crop, and large numbers of cattle and hogs arc fat- 
ted. Its many streams furnish considerable water-power. 
Farms 540 ; inanuf. 9 ; dwell. 674, and pop.— wh. 4,296, fr. 
col. 1, si. I,SS7— total 6,lSi. Capital: Paulding. 

Jasper county, Mo. Situate S. W., and contains 1,179 
8q. m. Drained N. by Big Dry Wood, Dry Wood, Clear, 
and Horse creeks, flowing N. into Osage r., and S. by N. 
and S. forks of Spring r., Centre cr., and other affluents of 
Neosho r., which runs into the Arkansas. Surface elevated 
and broken in parts, but mostly undulating; soil highly 
productive. Com h the chief crop, but all the cereals 
thrive, and there is excellent pasturage. Cattle and hogs are 
raised in great numbers. Farms 4liS ; manuf. 8 ; dwell. 
6G4, and pop.— wh. 4,009, fr. col. 1, si. 213— total 4,223. 
Capitid : Carlhage. 

Jasper county, Tl-ar. Situate E. near Sabine r., and con- 
tains SS2 sq. ra. Drained N. by Angelina r., and other 
afflueiils of Neches r., which forms its W. bonndar}', and 
with its bmnches drains most of the county. Surface un- 
dulating in Ihe S., in the N. hilly; soil on the Angelina 
and Neches, which overflow their banks, a rich alluvial 
bottom of great fertility, producing heavy crops of corn, 
cotton, and sugar. Back of this the soil is sandy and much 
less fertile. The county is well timbered, and the Angelina 
and Neehes, large navigable streams, make exportation 
easy and markets convenient Farms 123 ; manuf. 6 ; 
dwell. 192, and pop.— wh. 1,226, fr. col. 0, si. 541— total 
1.7G7. Capital : Jasper. 

Jaspee. p. v., and cap. Walker co., Ala. : 116 m. N, N.W. 
Montgomery. 

Jasi'Ee, p. v., and cap. Newton co., Arl: : 104 m. N. N.W. 
Little Rock. It contains a court-house and a few dwellings. 

Jasper, p. v., and cap. Ilamilton co., Flor.: about 5 m. 
E. of Allapahais r., SI m. E. by N. Tallahassee. It contains 
a court-house and a few stores and dwellings. 

Jaspke, p. v., and cap. Dubois co., Ind. : on the right 
bank of Patoka cr., 101 ra. S. S. W. Indianapolis. It con- 
tains a courtrhou.se, jail, hotel, several stores, and 400 in- 
habitants. 

Jasper, t. and p. v., Steuben co., N. Y. : 204 m. W. by S. 
Albany. The L has an undulating surface and loamy soil, 
well fitted for grazing, and is drained by Bennett's and 
Tuscarora creeks. It is a farming t. and has a pop. of 1.749. 

Jasi'ee, p. v., Pike co., Ohio: on the Scioto r. and Ohio 
Canal, 61 m. S. Columbus. Pop. S4. 

Jasi'ER, p. v., and cap. Marion co., Tenn.: on Sequatchy 
r., 92 m. S. E. KashvUle. It is a small v. containing the 
county buildings. 

Jasper, p. v., and cap. Jasper co., Tex. : on the W. bank 
of Sandy er.. a branch of the Neches, 124 m. E. by N. 
Austin City. It occupies the centre of an extensive plain, 
and contains a court-house, S stores, hotel, and 200 in- 
habitants. 

Jatt, p. o., Rapides par., La. : 117 m. N. W. Baton Rouge. 

Jatton, p. o., Grant county, Ind.: 64 m. N. N. E. 
Indianap<Mis. 

Java, t. and p. o., Wyoming county, A'l Y. : 244 m. W. 
Albany. Drained by Seneca cr., which has a few mill sites. 
Surface rolling; soil clayey loam, adapted to grass. Farm- 
ing is the chief business. Pop. 2,246. 

Java, p. v., Lucas co., Oliio : 117 m. N. N.W. Columbus. 

Java Village, p. v., Wyoming eo., A'. K .• on Seneca cr., 
245 m. W. Albany. It contains a church, hotel, several 
mills, and 200 inhabitants. 

Jat county, Ind. Situate on middle of E. line, and con- 
tains 3G2 sq. m. Draine<l by Waba.'^h r., and Salamonie r., 
its branch, with their affluents. Surface rdling or level; 
soils everywhere very productive, with plenty of timber. 
It is a fine grazing region. Com, wheat, atid pork are the 
staples. Farms 876; manuf. 9; dwell. 1,179. and pop. — wh. 
7,017, fr. ml. ;30— total 7,047. Cajntal: Portland. 



Jat, t and p. v., Essex co., N. Y.: IIG m. N. Albany. 
Draineil by Au Sable r., which furnishes water-power. 
Surface mountainous, the Adirondack Mountains being in 
the E. part. On the Au Sal>le are rich flats. The v. is on 
the E. branch of the Au Sable, and contains a hotel, 8 
churches, a forge, several mills, ami 500 inhabitants. Pop. 
of t. 2,GSS. 

Jay, t. and p. v., Orleans co.. Term. : on N. line of tho 
State, 51 m. N. Monlpelier. Drained by branches of Mis- 
eisqui r.. afl"ording water-power. Surface very rugged. In 
the S. W. is Jay's Peak ; soil fertile. Pop. of L 371. 

Jat. t, Franklin co., Me: on the Androscoggin, 27 m. 
W. N. W. Augusta. A fine farming town. Pop. 1.733. 

Jav Bridge, p. v., Franklin co., Me. : on the Androscog- 
gin, 26 m. W. N. W. Augnsta. It contains several stores 
and mills, and is surrounded by a fine wheat and graz'mg 
region. Pop. 450. 

Jat C. H., p. o., and cap. Jay co., Ind. : on the N. side 
of Salamonie r., 73 m. N. E. by E. Indianapolis. It oon- 
tains a court-house, jail, academy, several stores, and about 
400 inhabitants. Formerly called Portland. 

Jaynesvillk, p. v., Covington co., Miss. : 44 m. S. E. 
Jackson. 

Jeanerett's, p. o., St. Marj''s par., La. : 63 m. S. S. W, 
Baton Rouge. 

Jeansville, p. v., Luzerne county, Penn.: 93 m. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Jeddo, p. v., Orleans county. A''. Y. : 241 m. W. by N. 
Albany. 

Jeddo, p. v., Jeffersoji county, Ohio: 123 m. E. N. E. 
Columbus. 

Jeddo, p. v., Luzerne co., Penii. : 77 m. N. E. Harrisburg. 

Jefferson county, Ala. Situate N. centrally, and con- 
tains 916 sq. m. Drained by Locust Fork and its affluents, 
flowing into Black Warrior r., which touches its W. border, 
and by heads of Cahawba r., a branch of Alabama r., in 
the E. Surface somewhat broken ; soil excellent generally. 
Cotton, wheat, corn, and other grains yield largely, and 
there is much good pasturage. Coal is abundant in tiiis 
part of the State. Farms 752 ; manuf. 4; dwell. 1,140, :ind 
pop.— wh. 6,714, fr. eoL 8, si. 2,267— total S,9S9. Capitid: 
Ely ton. 

Jefferson county, Ark. Situate S. E. centrally, and con- 
tains 1.293 sq. m. Drained by Saline r. and Bayou Barthol- 
omew, flowing S. into Rod r., and the Arkansas r., which 
crosses the county, running S. E. Surface varied, and gen- 
erally well wooded, with good mill streams; soil very pro- 
ductive, particularly of cotton and com, and well fltted for 
raising cattle and swine, of which many are fatted. Farms 
317 ; manuf. 9 ; dwell. 595, and pop.— wh. 8,197, fr. col. 16, 
si. 2,621— total 5,S34. Capital: Pine Blufl". 

Jefferson county, Flor. Situate N. oentr.iUy, and con- 
tains 453 sq. m. It extends from Georgia to the Gulf, and 
and is bounded E. by Oscilla r., emptying into Appaiacheo 
Bay. Lake Miekasukie lies on its N. W. border, and 
gives rise to a large stream, which in a mile or two <lisap- 
pears in one of the "sinks" common in parts of this Slate. 
Surface even, and soil fertile. Cotton is the staple. Cora 
does well, and some riee and sugar are made. Farms 877 ; 
manuf. 7 ; dwell. 520, and pop.— wh. 2,775, fl*. col. 5, si. 
4,933. Capital: Monticello. 

Jeffkrson county, Ga. Situate E. centrally, and eon- 
tains 627 sq. m. Drained N. by Briar cr., an affluent of 
Savannah r., and S. by Ogeechee r. and its branches. Sur- 
face moderately uneven, with good mill streams; soil very 
productive, and good pasture in i)arts. Cotton is the great 
product of the county, of which a very large amount is 
grown. Corn is a good crop. Farms 5;1S ; manuf. 4S ; 
dwell. 765. and pop. — wh. 3,717, fr. col. 47, si. 5.367 — total 
9.121. Capital : Louisville. I'uhllc Works : Georgia 
Central R. R. 

Jefferson county, 117. Situate S. centrally, and contains 
576 sq. m. Draiued by heads of Big Muddy r., au alllueat 



JEP 



JEF 



of Mi:«sis?ippi r., antl branches of Litlle Wabash r. of the 
Ohio. Surface umliilaliug, limbered in part with much 
prairie; soil of moderate fertility, and adapted finely to 
grazing. Corn is the cereal staple, and beef ami pork are 
leading products. Farms 470; inanuf'2; dwell. 1,36S. and 
pop.— ivh. S,0S3, fr. col. 26— total 8,lu9. Capital: Mount 
Vernon. 

Jeffbcson county, Int?. Situate S. E. on tlie Ohio, and 
contains 357 sq. m. Brained by heads of Muscatatuk r. 
flowing W. into White r., and Indian Kentucky r. and other 
small streams, affluents of Ohio r. Except on the Ohio the 
surliice is generally level, but at Hart's Falls, near Eanover, 
and the tails of Clilty, near Madison, the scenery is grand 
and beautiful. Bottom lands are rich, sandy loam, and the 
adjacent hills are very fertile. Uplands chiefly covered 
with beech and Blted for grass. Corn, wheat, beef, pork, 
and woitl are staples. It haa good water-power, and its 
manufactures uro important and increasing. Farms 1,396; 
manuf. 1*5; dwell. 4,092, and pop.— wh. 23,343, fr. col. 568 
— toud 2S,!1I6. Ciipltal : Madison. Public Works : In- 
dianapolis and Madison E. E. 

jEfTiiESON county, la. Situate S. E., and contains 4.52 
sq. m. Drained by Big Ge<Jar cr. and other affluents of 
Skunk r., which crosses its N. E. border. Surface diverai- 
fled, furnishing much excellent water-power; soil very fer- 
tile, bearing heavy crops of corn and wheat, and aflTordiiig 
fine pasture. Cattle and grain are farming staples. Good 
coal is found. Farms 1,007; manuf 64; dwell. 1,649, and 
p,ip._wli. 9.903. fr. eol. 1— total 9.1104. Capital: Fairfield. 
Public Worku: Dubuque and Keokuk IJ. E. 

JEITEKSON county, Ki/. Situate K. centrally, and con- 
tains 479 sq. m. Drained by Floyd's fork and Pond cr. of 
Salt n, and Mill cr., Harrod's er., and other small affluents 
of Ohio r., which forms its W. boundary. Surface diversi- 
fleil, and soil very productive. It lies on the Ohio, above 
and below the falls or rapids, which have been avoided by 
a ship canal around them, affording easy navigation at all 
seasons and abundance of excellent water-power. Lime- 
stone is abuiulant, and fine crops of wheat and corn are 
grown, and large numbers of cattle, sheep, .and hogs are 
falleii. Though a goo<l fanning county, its great interests 
are commerce and manufactures, the Ohio supplying am- 
ple facilities for both, which centre in Louisville, tlie largest 
city in the Slate, and one of the most important in the 
Great West. The manufactures embrace almost every tiling 
wanted in the West, and a large tract of country on both 
sides of the Ohio exports its various products from this 
point. Farms S37; manuf. 614; dwell. 7,690, and pop.— 
wh. 47,8'29, ft-, col. 1.691, si. 10,911— total 59,331. Cajntal : 
Louisville, Public Works: Louisville and Portland Canal ; 
L(.uis\ ille and Frankfort E. It. ; and Nashville and Louis- 
ville P.. U. ; Louisville and Covington K. E., etc. 

Jetfekson parish. La. Situate S. E., and contains 870 
sq. m. Drained by Mississippi r., which crosses the N. part, 
and numerous bayoux running into the bays and lakes 
around the country. There are Lake Pontchartrain on the 
N., Catouclie, Washa, and Little lakes on the W., .and Bar- 
rataria Bay on the S. Surface low, and much of it covered 
with swamps; soil immediately on the rivers exceedingly 
fertile, but much is untillabic back of them, though furnish- 
ing great quantities of fine timber. Sugar is the great 
staple. Corn thrives abun<lantly and some rice is grown. 
Farms 81; manuf. 64; dwell. 8,825, and pop.— wh. 13,021, 
fr. col. 874, si. 6.196— total '25.1)91. Capital : Lafayette City. 
Publii^ Works: New Orleans, .Jackson, and Northern E. E. 
Jejthkson county, J/ms. Situ.ate S. W., and contains 
513 sq. m. Drained by small affluents of Mississippi r., 
whii'h forms its W. boundarj'. Surface moderately uneven, 
with numerous mill se.ats ; soil in the W. very fertile, in the 
E. lighter, with a good growth of pine. Cotton is the staple 
— ita culture commands almost exclusive attention, and 
gives immense returns. Farms 2.39 ; manuf. 7 : dwell. 514, 
and pop.— wh. 2,65T, fr. col. 43, si. 10,493— total 13,193. 



Capital: Fayette- Public Works: Natchez and Mai. 
colm E. E. 

jEFFEiaoN county. Mo. Situate E. on the Mississippi, 
and contains 639 sq. m. Drained W. by Big r., u branch of 
Maumee r., which runs on and near its N. border into the 
Mississippi, and E. by Isle au Bois, Plattin, Joachin, and 
other small creeks. Surface moderately elevated and 
broken, with low land in parts ; soil very good, affording 
fine grazing and large crops of corn and wheat. Much pork 
is made. It is rich in minerals ; le.ad mines are numer- 
ous and inexhaustible ; iron and copper are found, ami 
mineral springs abundant. It has water-power, and makes 
large quantities of shot. Farms 704; manuf. 12; dwell. 
1,119, and pop.— wh. 0,407, fr. col 9, si. 612— total 6,928. 
Capital : Uillsboro'. Public Works: Iron Moinitain E. K. 
Jeitei:son county, A\ 3'. .' Situate along E. shore of Lake 
Ontario, and contains 1,126 sq. m. Bounded N. W. by SL 
Lawrence r., and drained by Indian r. flowing N. into it, 
and Black r.,Chaumont. Stoney, and Sandy creeks, flowing 
into the lake. Surface for 10 m. back from the lake, level 
or undulating; it then slopes to the S. E., and bceomes 
broken and hilly. Most of the county is of the transition 
formation, consisting of Potsdam sandstone and varieties of 
hmestone and shale. Bog, specular, and spaltic iron ores, 
tremolite, fluor spar, green malachite, heavy spar, peat, etc., 
arc found. Soil a rich sandy loam, very productive. In the 
N. W. great crops of wheat are raised ; in tiie S. E. is ex- 
cellent grazing, and the swamps produce many cranberries 
for export Farming is the chief pursuit ; large dairies aro 
kept, thousands of cattle and swine sent to market, much 
flax raised, and many sheep sheared. Its manufactures aro 
extensive, chiefly of flour, lumber, iron, leather, potash, and 
woolen goods. Its commerce and shipping arc large, and 
interior communication good and improving. Sackett's 
Harbor is one of the best on the lake, and the water-power 
on Black r. immense. Farms 6,490; manuf. 630: dwell. 
11,926, and pop.— wh. 67,971, fr. col. lS-2— total 6S.153. 
Capital: Walertown. PuUia Wurki: Watertowu and 
Eome It. E.; Sackett's Harbor E. E. ; Watcrtown and 
Potsdam E. E. 

Jbffebson county, Ohio. Situate E. on Ohio r., and eon- 
tains 862 sq. m. Drained by Yellow, Cross, Short, and 
Wells creeks, affluents of the Ohio, its E. boundary. Sur- 
face considerably broken, with numerous good mill streams ; 
soil very productive, equally adapted to grain and grass. 
Wheat, c<'rn, and oats are farming staples,, and much atten- 
tion is paid to wool growing. Its manufactures are impor- 
tant, chiefly flour, leather, and woolen goods. Its lumber 
is valuable, and coal and iron are abumlant. Farms 1,S31 ; 
manuf 381: dweU. 5,191, ami pop.— wh. 28,526, fr. col. 606 
—total 29.132. Capital : SleubenviHo. Public Works : 
Steulienvillo and Indiana E. E. ; Wellsville and Wheeling 
Eailroad. 

jEmiKSON county, Penn. Situate "W. centrally, and con- 
tains 479 sq. m. Drained by Mahoning and Bank creeks, 
flowing W. into Alleghany r. Surface broken and hilly, 
afl'onling many flne mill se.ata ; soil goo.l, with beautiful and 
very fertile valleys, and generally excellent pasturage. The 
grains yield abundantly, and there is good timber. Iron ore 
and coal exist in all parts in profusion. Farms 1,170 ; manuf 
222; dwell. 2.233, and pop.— wh. 13,421, fr. col. 97— total 
13,573. Capital: Brookville. 

jErFEnaoN county, Tenn. Situate N. E., and contains 412 
sq. m. It lies between Holston and Nolichueky rivers, and 
is drained by their branches. Surface rough an.l broken, 
well wooded, and abundantly sup|ilied with water-power; 
soil fertile. Corn and wheat are stajilcs. A great many 
hogs are raised. It has several manufactures oi iniport.-ince, 
flour, leather, liquors, powder, wiwlen goods, etc. Farms 
9114; manuf 72; dwell. 1,975, and pop.-wh. 11,409, fr. c>\. 
UI7, si. l.C2s-total 13,'204. rVp/to;.' Dandridge. /VWk^ 
Works: East Tennessee .and Virginia E. E. 
Jeffebson county, Tex. Situate S. E., and contains 2.01T 



JEP 



JEF 



8q. m. It is bounded 9. by the Gulf of Mexico, and E. by 
Siibine r. and lake. Drained by NecUes r., which runs 
Uirough Ihc county into Sabine lake, ita branches Pin Island 
bayou and Big Sandy cr., Cypress, Adams, and Cow 
bayous, affluents of Sabine r., and Taylor's bayou, of Sabine 
lake. Surface almost uniformly level, and, except a strip 
of limber land across tbe N., an open prairie, with many 
large swamps; soil on the Nechos, in the N. E. and in the 
N. W., a black mold over yellow clay and eand, and very 
fertile—the rest fll only for grazing. The swamps are finely 
adapted to rice growing. CoHon and com are the staples 
US yet, the county being little settled. The Nechcs and 
Sabine are large streams ; the latter has a good harbor near 
its mouth, and Adam's, Cypress, and Cow bayous are navi- 
gable for boats of light draft. Farms 91 ; manuf. 4 ; dwell. 
259. and pop.— wh. 1,504, fr. col. 63, si. 2G9— total 1,S36. 
Capital : Beaumont 

Jefferson county, Tirg. Situate N. E., and contains 
221 sq. m. Drained by Opequan and Shenandoah rivers, 
branches of the Potomac, which bounds it N; E. Surface 
broken— in parts mountainous, with abundance of fine 
water-power ; soil excellent, among the best grain and graz- 
ing land and the most valuable, taking the county through, 
in the State. Its scenery is very fine, that on the Shenandoah 
having no superior in the world for beauty or majesty. Its 
crops of wheat, com, rj'e, oats, and potatoes are equally 
good, and all superior for yield and quality. For grazing, it 
is admirably fitted, and sheep and swine are reared in great 
uumbers. Its manufactures are various and extensive, ex- 
clusive of the great U. S. armory, at Harper's Ferry. Farms 
447; manuf. 165; dwell. 1,960, and pop.— wh. 10,476, fr. col. 
540, si. 4,841— total 15,357. Capital : Charlestown. PuUic 
Works: Baltimore and Ohio K. R. ; Winchester and Poto- 
mac E. H. 

Jefferson county, WUc. Sitnate S. E., and contains 576 
sq. m. Drained by Rock r., which crosses the county diag- 
onally, and Beaver Dam r., and other of its branches. 
Koshkonong lake, through which Eock r. flows, is in tbe 
S. W. comer, and it has several fine ponds, which, with the 
streams, supply abundance of water-power. Surface varied, 
parts are hilly and rough, and parts quite marshy; soil fer- 
tile, verj- productive on Rock r. and the streams generally, 
and most is heavily timbered, there being little prairie. 
Grain and grass thrive equally, and this is a fine farming 
county. Manufactures are increasing, and already of much 
importance. Farms 9S2 ; manuf. 74 ; dwell. 2,934, and pop. 
— wh. 15,314, fr. col. 3— total 15,317. Capitol: Jefferson. 
Public Works : Milwaukie and Mississippi R. R. 

Jefferson, p. v., and cap. Jackson county, Ga. : 79 m. 
N. by W. Millcdgeville. It contains a courl-house, an acad- 
emy, and a few stores. 

JEFFEjaoN, p. v.. Clinton co., Ind.: 4 m. "W. Frankfort, 
42 m. N. N. W. Indianapolis. 

, Jefferson, p. v., Cook co.. III. : on N. branch of Chicago 
r, 179 m. N. N. E. Springfield. 

Jefferson, t and p. v., Lincoln co., Me. : at the head of 
Damariscotta r., IS m. E. S. E. Augusta. The t. embraces 
a large part of Damariscotta Pond, and has many mill 
streams, which are used to saw great quantities of lumber. 
It has a good soil and several manufactories of leather and 
woolens. Pop. of t. 2,228. 

Jefferson, p. v., Frederick co., Md. : about 4 m. from 
the Potomac. 77 m. W. N. W. Annapolis. It lies between 
Catoetin cr. and mountain, and has several stores and 350 
inhabitants. 

Jefferson, t and p. v., Coos co., N. /lamp. : 79 m. N. 
Concord. Drained by Israel's r. and its branches, which fur- 
nish water-power. John's r. rises in Pondicherry Pond, in 
the S. "W. corner. Surface mountainous ; soil in the lower 
parts fertile, and generally good pasture. The v. has 8 
stores and a few dwellings. Pop. of t. 629. 

Jefferson, v., Chemung co., N. Y. : at the S. end of 
6eneca lake. 165 m. W, Albany. It has a fine landing, and 
334 



a steamboat plies daily to Geneva, at the other end of the 
lake, which never freezes over. It contains several hotels, 
stores, and warehouses, 9 floor, plaster, and lumber mills, 
and 1,000 inhabitants. The Canandalgua and Elmira 11. R. 
passes the v. 21 ra. from Elmira. Two papers are pubUshcd, 
the "American Standard" and "Corona Borealis." 

Jefferson, t and p. v., Schoharie oo., 2^. Y. : 47 m. 
W. by S. Albany, Surface mountainous, the high hills 
forming the watershed between the affluents of the Hudson 
and Delaware; soil unproductive, except in the valleys. 
Farming and grazing form the chief business. Pop. of 
town 1,74S. 

Jefferson, p. v., and cap. Ashe co., Al C<tr. : about 2 m. 
W. of New r., 15S W. N. W. Raleigh. It conUiina. besides 
a court-house and jail, several stores and 200 inhabitants. 

Jefferson, p. v., and cap. Ashtabula co., Ohio: on a 
branch of Grand r., 1G4 m. N. E. by N. Columbus. The t 
is slightly uneven, and has a fertile soil. The v. is about 10 
m. 8. of Lake Erie, and contains a fine court-house, jail, an 
academy, and several stores. Pop. of t. 625. 

Jefferson, t. and p. v., Greene county, Penn.: on 
Monongahela r., 177 ra. "W. by S. ITarrisburg. The t. has h 
rolling surface, rich soil, and fine water-power. The v. is 
on Ten Mile cr.. near its mouth, and contains an academy, 
a dozen stores, 3 mills, and 600 inhabitants. 

Jefferson, p. v., Rutherford co., Tenn.: 2^ m. S. E. 
Nashville. 

Jefferson, p. v., Cass co., Tex. : between Big Cypress r. 
and Black Cypress cr., about 4 m. above their confluence, 
249 m. N. E. Austin City. The land around it is among the 
best for cotton and corn in the State. 

Jefferson, p. o., Powhatan co., Tirg. : 26 m. W. by N. 
Richmond. 

Jefferson, p. o., Marengo county, Ala.: S7 m. W. 
Montgomery. 

Jefferson, t, p. v., and cap. Jefferson co., Wise. : oa 
Eock r., 31 m. E. by S. Madison. Tho v. lies a little above 
tbe junction of Crawfish r.. and by a dam across Rock r. has 
abundant water-power, which is largely used in manufac- 
turing. It has a good trade, several large stores, and 800 
inhabitants. Pop. of t. 1,610. 

Jefferson Barracks, p. v., St- Louis co., Mo. : on the 
Mississippi, 11 m. S. St. Louis, 104 m. E. Jefferson City. 
This is a U. S. militarj' post, and contains a few stores and 
dwellings. 

Jeffef.son Cmr, p. o., and cap. Cole co., Mo., and cap. of 
the State of Missouri : on the S. bank of Missouri r., oppo- 
site the mouth of Cedar cr., and 137 m. from its entrance 
into the Mississippi r.— lat. 3S0 86' N., and long. 92° OS' W. 
— 9S0 m. W. Washington. The site is elevated and uueveoi, 
and furnishes many beaulif\il building locations. It contains 
the State House. Governor's House, a large and elegant 
mansion, the State Penitentiary, etc., and has several exten- 
sive mercantile houses, stores, and mechanic shops, equal 
to the demands of the locality. Two newspapers are pub- 
lished here, the " Metropolitan," and "Jefferson Enquirer" 
(dem.), both weekly issues. Population about 2,600. 

Jefferson Furnace, p. v.. Clarion co., Perm. : 161 m. 
W. N. W. llarrisburg. Here is a (\iraace producing 1,000 
tons iron per annum. 

Jefferson Mills, p. o., Jefferson co., Mo. : 96 m. E. S. E. 
Jefferson City. 

Jefferson Milia, p. v., Coos co., AC JTamp. : on Israel's 
r., 81 m. N. Concord. 

Jeffersonton, p. v., and cap. Camden co., Oa. : on the 
S. side of Santilla river, at the head of navigation. 177 m. 
S. E. by S. Millcdgeville. It has a court-house and jail, sev- 
eral largo stores, and 300 inhabitants. 

Jeffersonton, p. v., Culpepper eo., Yirg.: 74 m. N. N.W. 
Richmond. It contains several stores and 350 inhabitants. 
L«e*3 Sulphur Springs are in tlie vicinity. 

Jeffeurontown, p. v., Jefferson county, Ky. : 89 m. W 
Frankfort. 



JEF 



JER 



Jepteesos Valley, p. o., Westchester co, JV. Y. : 104 m. S. 

Albany. 

jEiTEKBONTTiLLE, p. V., SulUvan coutity, If. 1.: i>7 m. 
S. S. W. Albany. 

jEFrEKSoNTiLLE, p. V., Clark CO., Tnd. : at the head of the 
falls on the Ohio, 103 m. S. by E. Indianapolis. It lies on 
elevated ground, has a fine landing, and is the site of the 
Slate Prison. Steamboats are built here, and it h.is great 
facilities for trade and commerce, lying opposite LouisviUe, 
and being connected by railro.ad with the interior. It con- 
tains a United States land office, several large stores and 
warehouses, and about 3,000 inhabitanta. The Jefferson- 
ville U. K. terminates here. 

Jeffeibontille, p. o., Twiggs CO., Oa. : 27 m. S. by W. 
Millcdgcville. 

Jeffeesonttlle, p. v., Fayette co., Ohio : 35 m. S. w . 
Columbus. 

Jeffersonvillf, p. v.. Montgomery co., Penn. : near the 
Schuvlliill, ST m. E. by S. Itarrisburg. 

Jeffeesosville, p. v., Lamoille eo.,rerm..- on Lamoille 
river, 29 m. N. K. W. Montpelier. It has small manufac- 
tories, several stores, and 850 inhabitants. 

Jeffbess' Stoke, p. o., Nottoway co., Tlrg. : 45 m. S. W. 
EicUmond. 

.Tf.ffey's Creek, p. o., Marion dist., ,?. Car. : on a branch 
of Gre.1t Pcdee r. so called, 79 m. E. Columbia. 

Jellowat, p. v., Knox county, Oldo : 41 m. N. E. 
Columbus. 

,Teka, p. o., Tuscaloosa co., Ala. : Vti m. N. W. by W. 
Montgomery. 

Jenkin's BKrooE, p. v., St. Clair co. Mo.: on WarWow 
cr. of the Osage, 86 m. S. W. by W. .leflerson City. 

.Jexki.n'8 Store, p. o., Union co., K Car. : 99 m.W.S.W. 
Ealeigh. 
Jexkintown, p. v., Montgomery county, Penn. : 85 m. E. 

Harrisburg. 

Jesnek'b CE068 EoADB, p. T., Somersetco., Penn. : 117 m. 
W. llarrisburg. 

Jr.NNEBSTiLLE, p. V., Chcster CO., Penn.: 69 m. E. by S. 
llarrisburg. It contains several stores, and about 800 in- 
haliilants. 

Jkssikos county, fnd. Situate S. E., ami contains S5S 
sq. m. Drained by Vernon and Graliam forlis of Muscata- 
turlc r.. Sand cr., and llu'ir numerous branches, all flowing 
W. into White r. Surface rugged and hrolien, with several 
beech flats. Soil of good fertility near the streams; the 
beech flats at their heads are used only for grazing. It h;i3 
good water-power, aliundance of excellent timbor, flne 
limestone-quarries, much used for building, and a millstone- 
quarry. Com, wheat, and pork are farraingst.aples. Farms 
1,208; manuf 73: dwell. 2.0C4, and pop,— wh. 11,773, fr. col. 
323 — total 12,096. Capititl : Veruon. PuUie Wori-jt : 
Madison and Indianai)olis E. E. 

Jennings, p. o., Franklin county, Iml. : 66 m. E. S. E. 
Indianapolis. 

Jennings, p. o., Ilamilton county, Floi: : 69 m. E. 
Tallahassee. 

Jenning's Gaf, p. 0., Augusta co., rirg.: on E. side of 
Shenandoah mountains, 123 m.W. N. W. Eichmond. North 
river, a branch of the .Tames, rises here, and branches of the 
Shenandoah in the vicinity. 

.Jf_nxin-o'3 Okdinabv, p. o., Nottoway co., Virg.: 45 ra. 
8. W. Eichmond, on the Eichmond and Danville K. E., 60 
m. from Eichmond (by cars). 

Jenny Ljsd, p. o., Chatham county, K Car.: 46 m. W. 
Eoleigh. 

Jenny Lisd, p. 0., Sebastian county, Art. : 123 m. W. 
Little Eoek. 

Jericho, p. v.. Perry co., Ala. : near Catawba r., 64 m. 
N. W. by W. Montgomery. 

jEElcno, p. v.. Queens co., K T. : about 2 m. from tho 
Sound and Long Island E. E., 129 m. S. .'*. E. Albany. It 
has 2 hotels, several stores, and 800 inhabitants. 



Jericho, p. o., Wayne co., iV. Car. : 41 m. S. E. Ealeigli. 
Jekicuo, t. ami p. v., Chittenden co., Fctto. .■ on N. sido 
of Onion r., 26 m. N. W. by W. Montpelier. Drained N. 
by Brown's r. of the Lamoille, which afliirds good water- 
power. Surface moderately uneven, and soil good ; pasture 
on the hills, and fine meadows on the streams. The Ver- 
mont Central E. E. passes througli the S.W. part. Tlie v. is 
in the N. on Brown's r., and has several mills and factories, 
and 600 inhabitants. Pop. of t. 1,839. 

jEEicno, p. v., Kane co., JU. : near Big Eock cr. of Fox 
river, 149 m. N. N. E. Springfield. 

Jericho Centre, p. v., Chittenden county, rerm. : 22 m. 
N.W. by W. Monlpeher. It contains a hotel, several stores, 
and 40 dwellings. 

Jeesioan, p. 0., Orange county, Flor. : 22S m. S. E. 
Tallahassee. 

Jbrome, t. and p. v.. Union co., Ohio : on Big Darby cr., 
IS m. N. W. Columbus. The t. has a roUing surface and 
fertile soil, with some mill-power. Tho v. has a few stores 
and 200 inhabitants. Pop. of 1. 1,249. 

Jerome, p. v., Howard co., Tiul. ; on the N. sido Wild Cat 
cr., 46 m. N. by E. Indianapolis. 

Jeromesville, p. v., Ashland county, Ohio : on Wal- 
honding r., e"* m. N. N. E. Columbus. 

Jersey county. III. Situate W. centrally, and contains 
320 sq. m. Drained N. by Macoupin cr., W. by Illinois r., 
S. by the Mississippi, aud by their affluents. Surface gen- 
er.ally level ; soil very productive of com and wlieat, and 
excellent grazing land. On the Mississippi are blufli!, 100 
or 200 feet high, of alternate limjjstnne and sandstone strata, 
and through the county coal is found just below the surface. 
There is some prairie, but timber is plenty. Farms 645 ; 
manuf. 44 ; dwell. 1,222, and pop.— wh. 7,300, fr. col. 54— 
total 7,354. Capital : JerscjTiUe. 

Jersey, t and p. v.. Licking county, Ohio : 17 m. N. E. 
Columbus. The t. has a rich soil and some water-power. 
Pop. 1.230. 
Jersey, p. v., Oakland Co., 3fieh. : 66 m. E. Lansing. 
Jersey City, p. city, and p. of entry, Hudson co„ M J. : 
on the W. bank of Hudson river, opposite the city of New 
York, and connected with it by steam ferries. Incorpor.ated 
in 1S20, and in 1S51 the v. of Harsimus, Pavonia.etc, were 
annexed. The streets run at right angles along and from 
the river front. There are several imporUant manufactories 
here, as soap, glass, iron, pottery, ropes, starch, etc., and 
ship-building, and it has good wharves. The Cunard 
Steamships' Dock is here, and much business is created 
by tho Morris Canal and the railroads terminating at this 
point Southern and Western travel from New York City 
jiroperiy commences at Jersey City. Pop. of the city proper, 
0,856, or with its recent accessions, 11,473. 

Jersey Peairte, p. o., Cass Co., JU. : 31 m. W. by N. 
Springfield. 

Jersey Settlesient, p. o., Davidson co., N. Car. : 92 m. 
W. Ealeigh. 

Jersey Shore, p. b., Lycoming co., Penn. : on N. sido 
of W. branch of Stisquehanna r., 73 m. N. by W. llarris- 
burg. It lies in a great coal and iron region, and has a 
large trade, some small mannfiictorics, a dozen stores, and 
725 inhabitants. A furnace and forge is 4 m. dist-int. Tho 
Pennsvlvania Canal p-asses through the b. 53 m. from Nor- 
thumh'eriand. The "Jersey Shore EepubUcan" (dem.) is 
issued weekly. 

Jebseytown, p. v., Montour co., Penn. : 56 m. N. by b. 
narrisburg. It contains two stores, a high school, and 200 
inhabitants. 

Jeeseyville, p. v., and cap. Jersey county, III. : 5J m. 
S W by S. Springfield. Situate near Jersey Prairie, and 
contains a court-house, jail, several stores, and 200 inhal)- 

"^J^trsALEM, t. and p. v., Yates co., K. Y. : on the W. side 
of Crooked Lake, 187 m. W. Albany. Surface somewhat 
hilly ; sou a fertUe loam, yielding good grass and gram. 



JER 



JOH 



Farming is the chief occupalion. The v. has two hotels, a 
high school, several stores, and 400 inhabitants. Popula- 
tion oft, 2,912. 

Jekusalkm, p. v., and cap. Southampton co., Yirg. : on 
the N. side of Nottoway r., 62 m. S. by E. Kiohraond. It 
contains a court-house, jail, two hotels, and a few houses 
and stores. 

Jkkitsalkm, p. 0., Davie co., JV. Cur, : 106 m.W. by N. 
EalL-iu:b. 

jF,i:t'SALEM, p. v., Monroe county, Ohio: 97 m. E. by 8. 
Columbus. 

jKituBALKii Mills, p. c, Harford CO., 3f'f.: on E. side 
of Little Gunpowder Falls, 41 m. X. by E. Annapolis. 

Jerusalem Sodth, p. v., Queens co., 3\ ¥. : 137 m. S. 
Albany— a small village settled by Friends. 

Jessamin-e county, Ky. Situate N. centrally, and contains 
1S4 sq. m. Bounded S. E., S., and S. "W. by Kentucky r., 
and drained by Hickman and Jessamine creeks. Surface 
uneven, alTording fine mill-seats: soil ver>" good, equally 
for grain and grass. Large numbers of sheep and swine 
are raised. Farms G51; mauuf. 07; dwell. 1,093, and pop- 
— wh. 6,'2S9, fr. col. 185, si. 3,&25— total 10,249. CajyiUil: 
Kicbolaaville. Public ^Vorka : Lexington and Danville 
E. R. 

Jesse's Store, p. o., Shelby co., Ky. : W. Frankfort 

Jessut's CtTT, sta., Anne Arundel co., Md. : on 'Washing- 
ton Branch K. E., 14 m. from Ealtimnre. 

Jetersville, p. 0., AmeUa co., Virg. : 41 m. W. S. "W. 
Richmond. 

Jewett, t. and p. v., Greene county, X. Y. : 32 m. S. "W. 
Albany. Drained by heads of Schoharie cr. Surface un- 
even, and soil mostly fertile. Fanning is largely carried 
on. The v. has a hotel and several dwellings. Population 
oft. 1,451. 

Jewett Centre, p. v., Greene co., Al 5'.; 35 m. S. 'W. 
Albany. 

Jewett Cnr, p. v., New London co., Cotui. : on the E. 
side of Quinnebaug r., at the junction of the Patchaug. 3S m. 
E. S. E. Hartford. The rivers have a large fall here, which 
furnishes abundance of water-powor. The v. has several 
largo cotton factories, a bank, academy, machine-shop, and 
1,500 inhabitants. Its trade is considerable. On the Nor- 
wich and "Worcester R. Pv.. IG m. from Norwich. 

Jim Town, p. o., Monongalia co., Virg. : 209 m. N. "W. 
Richmond. 

Joanna Furnace, p. v., Berks county, Pevn. : 53 m. 
E. Ilarrisburg. A furnace of 1,000 tons capacity is located 
here. 

JoBE, p. o., Oregon co., 3fo. : 103 m. S. S. E. Jefferson 
City. 

•TonsTOwN, p. v., Burlington co., K Jer. : 12 m. S. S. E. 
Trenton. 

Jo Daviess county, 7/^. Situate N. "W. comer, and con- 
tains 594 sq. ra. Drained by Sinainewa, Fevre, Small Pox, 
Apple, liusb, and Plum rivers, affluents of the Mississippi, 
Its W. boundary. Surface undulating and in parts broken; 
soil generally very good. A good farming county, with 
some water-power, but its minerals engross almost exclusive 
attention. It is in the heart of the great lead region of 
N. "W. Illinois, S. W. "Wisconsin, and E. Iowa, and its lead 
mines are apparently inexhaustible, the amount exportt^d 
from Galena in 1S51 being more than 33,000,000 pounds. 
Copper of excellent quality is abundant ; considerable silver, 
and even gold, has been found ; and limestone, freestone, 
and sanilstone exist through the county. Farms 1,370; 
manuf. 279: dwell. 3.431, and pop.— wh. t$,3S6, fr. col. 21S 
— toUal 1S,604. CitjAtal: Galena, Public ^Vorks: Central 
Illinois K. R. 

John's, p. o., Liberty county, Ttw.: 171 m. E. 8. E. 
Austin City. I 

JouN's river, K Ramp.: rises in JefR-rson, Coos co.. 
an<l flows N. W. into the Connecticut. Bordered by forests ' 
of huge pines. I 

S36 



JoHSBBuitGH, L and p. v., "Warren co., K. T.: on W. sido 
of Hudson r., 6S m, N. by W. Albany. Drained by afflu- 
ents of the Hu<l3on, which furnish many mill-sites. Sur- 
face mountainous ; soil a light sandy loam adapted to grass. 
The V. contains 2 hotels, 4 stores, and BOO iuhabitanle. Pop. 
of 1. 1,503. 

Johnson county, Arl:. Situate N. TV., and contains 979 
sq. ra. Drained by Horse Head, Great Pine, Caney creek, 
etc., aflluents of the Arkansas, which crosses the S, of the 
county. Surface uneven, and in parts hilly ; soil fertile on 
the streams, and generally excellent pasture. Com, cattle, 
and pork are staples, and good cotton is raised. Farms 520 ; 
manuf. 24 ; dwell. 777, and pop.— wh. 4,4S9, fr. col. 7, si. 731 
—total 5,227. Capital : Clarksvillc. 

Johnson county, III. Situate S., and contains 326 sq. m. 
Drained by Cedar, Big Bay, and Cash creeks, affluents of 
the Ohio. Surface mostly level, with low lantl and ponds 
in the S. ; soil sandy and well timbered. Corn and pork 
are the leading products. Sulphur springs are found. 
F.arms 301 ; manuf. 4; dwell. 71S, and pop.— wh. 4,096, fr. 
col. 17— total 4,113. CapiUil: Vienna. 

Johnson c<:)unty, Ttid. Situate centrally, and contains 
321 sq. m. It lies between the upper portions of E. and "W. 
forks of "White r., and is drained by their branches. Sugar, 
Young's, Indian, and other crcelis. Surface varied, in the 
S. W. hilly, S. and S. E. undulating, in other parts level. 
It has no waste land, but a rich loamy soil, generally cover- 
ed with excellent timber. The staples are grain and ptirk. 
Tobacco is also raised. Farms 1,153; manuf. 25; dwell. 
2,0G7, and pop.— wh. 12,0S6, fr. col. 15— total 12,101. Caj)- 
ital: Franklin. Public Works: Madison and Indianapo- 
lis R. R. ; Martinsville Branch R. E. 

Johnson county, la. Situate E., and contains 5S4 sq. m. 
Drained by Iowa r., Clear and Old Man's creeks, and in 
the N. E. by Cedar r., all branches of the Iowa. Surface 
diversided, with some prairie ; soil Ter>' fertile. The Iowa 
is navigable part of the year, and furnishes excellent water- 
power above Iowa City. It has quarries of fine building 
stone, beautifully variegated, and knoivn as " bird's-eye 
marble." Farms 377; manuf. 19; dwell. 799, and pop.— 
wh. 4,450, fr. col. 22— total 4,472. Capital: Iowa City, 
Public Works: Lyons and Iowa City K. E. ; Caniancbe 
and Iowa City R. R.; Davenport and Council Bluffs R.R.; 
Dubuque and Keokuk R. R., etc. 

Johnson county, Ky. Situate N. E., and contains 379 
sq. m. Drained by "W. fork of Big Sandy r. and Big Paint 
cr. Surface elevated and uneven; soil well adapted to 
grazing. Cattle and hogs are the leading products. Farms 
504; manuf. 5; dwell. 60?, and pop.— wh. 3,S43, fr. col. 0, 
si. 30— total 8,S73. Capital: Painesville. 

Johnson county, Mo, Situate "W. centrally, and contains 
S09 sq. m. Drained by Black "Water r.. flowing into Mis- 
souri r., and Panther r., a branch of the Osage. Surface 
slightly broken, with excellent timber and good mill streams ; 
soil fine, generally, and superior for grazing. Com and 
pork are the staples, and some tobacco is grown. Farms 
750; manuf. 2S; dwell. 1,0.'10, and pop.— wh. 6,573, fr. col. 
12, si. 879— toml 7,464. Capit<d: "Warrendburg. 

Johnson county, Tt^n. Situate in N. E. corner, and con- 
tains 312 sq. m. Drained by "Watauga r. and its branches, 
affluents of Holston r. It lies between mountain ridges and 
is much broken in parts, but has a rich soil in the valleys 
and fine grazing. It has good water-power and consider- 
able iron ore. Farms 325; manuf. 42; dwell. 565, and 
pop._wh. 8,4S5, fr. col. 14, sL 20&— total 8,705. Capital : 
Taylorsville. 

Johnson, t. and p. v., Lamoillo co., Verm. : on the La- 
moille. 29 m. N. by W. MonlpeUer. Surface uneven and 
■well wooded with hemlock, spmce, and oak; st)il largely 
altuvi.il and very fertile ; back of the streams chiefly filled 
for grazing. The v. is in the S., on tho Lamoille, and has 
several mills and 800 inhabitants. Soapslone is found. 
Fop. of 1. 1,331. 



JOH 



JON 



Johnson, p. o., Floyd county, Ga. : 149 in. N. 'NV. 
MilkHlgeville. 

JonKsoN, p. o., M'Donough counly, ///. ; 6S m. N. "W". 
£prin.2fiekl. 

JniiNSoN. p. o., "Washington county, Mo. : 78 m. S. E. 
JefTor^nn City. 

JoiiNsoxucRGii. p. T., "VN'arrcn co., X.J,-r.: about 4 ni. 
from Pt'quost r., 51 ra. N. by W. Trtnton. It lias SL'vc-ral 
mills an"I about 300 iuhabiiants. 

Johnson's, p. o., Montgomery co., Ten?t.: 51 in. N. W. 
Kashvillo. 

Jonxsos's, eta.. IJarnwell (list.. S. Car. : on S. Carolina 
E. i:., 2ii m. from Aui;;usta and 1 l.i frnni Cliarlr.sion. 

JuiiNSOKSBURGii, p. V., WyoniiiiL,' L-o., X. y. : '_'oG ra. '^'. 
Albany. 

Jounson's Cobneks, p. v., Summit ca, Ohio: ill m. 
N. K. Columbus. 

Johnson's Creek, p. v., Jefforson co., Wise. : on a branch 
of ilock r. so called, .31 m. E. Madison. 

Johnson's Creek, p. v., Niatrara co., N. 3T .• on a creek 
so called, flowing into Lake Ontario, 249 m. W. liy N. 
Albany. 

JonNiiox's EoEKs, p. o., Morgan co., Ky. : 93 m. E. S. E. 
Frankfort. 

Johnson's Mills, p. o., Pitt co., K. Car. : on Swifl cr., 
an aflluent of the Neuse, 59 m. E. S. E. Kaleigh. 

JouNsos's Mills, p. o., Clark co.. III. : on N. fork <:*i 
Embarras r, 101 ra. E. S. E. Springfield. 

Johnson's Springs, p. o,, Goochland co., Virg. : 27 m. 
"W. N. W. Eichniond. 

JouNSONTo-vTN, p. o., Northampton co., Yirg. : on the 
Eastern Shore, 94 m. E. by S. Eielimond. 

Johnsonville, sta., Kenssolaer co., K. Y. : on tlie Troy 
and Boston E. E., 16 m. from Troy. 

Johnsonville, p. o., Cumberland co., K. Car. : 44 m. 
e. S. W. Raleigh. 

JonNsosviLLE, p. T,, Trumbull co., Ohio: 117 m. N. E. 
Columbus. 

J(iiiN!-oN"vTLLK, p. o., "Wilhamsburgh dist., 5". Car.: near 
BUiok r., 91 m. E. S. E. Columbia. 

Johnston county. A'] Car, Situate E. centrally, and con- 
tiins GtVi sq, m. Drained by Moccasin and Little rivers, 
and Swift, Middle, and Black creeks, all afliuents of the 
Neuse, which crosses the county in its S. E. conrse. Sur- 
face uneven and broken, with numerous mill-scats; soil of 
average fertility. Cotton and corn, beef and pork are lead- 
ing products. Farms 1.0*12; manuf. 102: dwell. 1.704, and 
p^.p.— wh. 8,900, fr. col. 163, si. 4,60.3—1013) 13,726. Capital : 
SmithHeld. Public Worl\-i : N. Carolina Central R. R. 

Johnston, p. o., Poinsett county, Ark.: 112 ra. N. E. 
Little Rock. 

Johnston VTLLE, p. o., Monroe co., Ga. : 51 m. W. by N. 
Milled geville. 

Johnstown, t. and p. v., Barry co., Mich. : -33 m. VT. S.TT. 
Lansing. The t. has an uneven surface and goo<i soil, is 
•well timbered, and has several ponds, the souree.s of afflu- 
ents of Thorn-apple r. on the N., and S. of the Kalamazoo. 
The V. has a few houses and stores. Pop. of t 4riO. 

JoHNSTo-WN, t,, p. v., and cap. Fulton co., X. Y. : 39 m. 
N. "W. Albany. Drained by Cajniduta and Garoga creeks 
of the Mohawk. Surface hilly, and soil a fertile loam. 
Kotcd for the manufacture of buckskin gloves, mittens, and 
moccasins. The v. is on Cayuduta, or Little Cana<ia er.,4m. 
N. of Mohawk r. and the Utica and Schenectady R. R. It 
ba^ s<^»me water-power, and manufactures carriages, arms, 
leather, and various kinds of machinery. It has a court- 
house and jail, the oldest in the Slate, the county clerk's 
office, a bank, an academy, 7 churche.", 6 hotels. 20 stores, 
and 1,500 inhabitants. There is a sulphur spring near here. 
The "F. County Democrat" (>ivm.\ and "F. County Re- 
publican" (whig), are published weekly. Population of 
town 6,181. 

T 2 



Johnstown, p. v.. Licking co,, Ohio: 21 m. N. E. Co- 
lumbus. It contains 3 ehurches, several large stores, a high 
.school, and 357 inliabitaiits. 

Johnstown, p. b., Cambria co., Penn. : at the junction 
of Stony cr. and Kiskiniinitas r., 114 m. "W. by N. Ilarri^- 
burg. It is regularly laid out, has good water-power, some 
manufactures, and 2,nori inhabitants. There are 4 furnac'-s 
near here, with an agtrregate capacity of 7.000 tons. The 
Pennsylvania Canal and R. R. pass through the borough 
So m. from Pittsburg. Two newsj>apers, the " Echo" (dem.), 
and "Valley 'NVre.iih" (whig\ are jiublished weekly. 

Johnstown, t. and p. v., Rock co., Wine. : S4 m. S. E. 
Madison. The town has an undulating surface, and a soil 
adapted to grain. Fine limestone is quarried in this viein- 
ity. The v. has several st'jrcs and workshops. Population 
of town 1.571. 

Johnstown Centre, p. v., Rock co,, Tr?,sc. ; .33 m. S. E. 
Madison. 

JoHNSviLLE, p. v., Montgomery co., Ohio: 51 m.T\'. by S. 
Columbus. 

JOHNSVTLLE. p. V., Frodcrick CO., 3A?. ; near Sam's cr.. 52 
m. N. 'W. Annapolis. The v. is not large, but surrounded 
by excellent farms. 

JoLiKT. p. v.. and cap. "^ill Co., 777. ; on the O'Plain r..l4S 
m. N. E. by N. Springfield. The r. affords valuable waler- 
powcr. which is used for several factories and mills. Tho 
jirincipal budilings are a eourt-honse, jail, an academy, sev- 
eral fine hotels and churehes. and large warehouses. The 
Illinois and Michigan Canal passes through the v.. and tlie 
Chicago and Rock Island R. R. 40 m. from Chicago. The 
'■Joliet Signal" (dem.), and the "True Democrat" (whig), 
are published weekly. Pop. about 2,700. 

Joi.LT, i. and p. v., ^'ashington co., Ohio : 79 m. E. S. E. 
Columbus. Pop. of 1. 1 .(H5. 

JoLLYTowx, p. v., Greene co., Penn.: ISO m. "W. by S. 
Harrisburg. 

Jonathan's Creek, p. o., TTaywond co.. A' Car. : near a 
branch of Big Pigeon r. so called, 240 m. "W. Raleigh. 

Jones county, Ga. Situate N. centrally, and contains 316 
sq. ra. Drained by Wrdnut and F.illtng creeks, affluents 
of Ocmulgee river, which touches its W. border. Snrraee 
somewhat broken, afPirding fine mill-streams ; soil very 
fertile, producing large cotton crops, a good yield of wheat 
and corn, and good pasturage. It has important manufac- 
tiiries of flour and iron ware. Farms 405; manuf. 15; 
dwell. 739. and pop.— wh. 3,803. fr. col. 4fi, ?1. 6.279— total 
10.224. Capital: Clinton. Public Worka: Central Geor- 
gia R. R. 

Jones county, la. Situate E. cenlrally. and contains 576 
sq. m. Drained by Makoqueta r. and it* branches, Fall r. 
and Bear rr., and "^'apsipinieon r. and its hranches,Walnut 
and Buffalo creeks. Surface level or undulating. It has a 
fine soil for grain and iirass, i>lenly of timber, and good 
water-p<'Wer, The grains f-Tm the staple exports. Farms 
225: manuf 8: dwell. 559,. and pop.— wh. 3.006, fr. col. 1— 
total 3.007. Capital : Anamosa. PiiUic Work^ : Dubutjue 
and Keokuk R.R. 

JoNF.3 county. }fisf. SituateS.E,. and contains 7S.9 sq.m. 
Drained by Bogue Ilume, Tallaha, and Leaf creeks, sfflu- 
uents of Pascagoula r. Surface slightly uneven, and soil of 
moderate fertility. Com, cattle, and swine are the chief 
products. Farms 274; manuf. 0; dwell. 319, anrl p<»p.— 
wh. 1,SS7, fr. col. 3, si. 274^total 2,164. Capital: Ellis- 
ville. 

JoNTS county. X. Car. Situate S. E., and contains 329 
sf]. ra. Drained by Trent r.. which flows i:. into the Xcuse. 
Surface level, and mueh of it low and marshy ; soil, in parts, 
very fertile — in others, waste, irreclaimable land. Cotton is 
Uie chief product; com is a large crop, and the marshes 
produce rice. Fartns 240 ; maruif. 14 ; dwell. 440, and pop. 
— wh. 2.139, fr. col. 142, si. 2,757— total 5,033. Capital : 

Trenton. 

337 



JON 



JUN 



Jones, p. o., Panola county, Tex. : 236 m, E. N. E, 
Austin City. 

Jones' Bh'ff, p. v., Sumter co., Ala. : on the right bank 
of Tombigbce r., lOS ra. W. by N. Montgomery. 

JoNisnoKOuGH, p. v., Grant co., Ind. : on Miasissinewa r., 
54 m. N. N. E. Indianapolis. 

JoNESBORouGB, p. V., Jeffcrson CO., Ala. : 79 m. N. N. W. 
Montgomery. 

JoNFSBORoiTon, p. V., Fayctto co., Ga. : 76 ra. W. N. "W. 
Milledgeville. The Macon and Western R. R. passes through 
the V. 79 m. from Macon, and 22 from Atlanta. 

JoNEPBOROCon, p. v., and cop. Union county, //;. .* 167 m. 
S. by E. Springfield. It contains a court-house, jail, a few 
large stores, and 300 inhabitauta. The *' J. Gazette" (dcm.) 
is issued weekly. 

JoNESBououcn, t. and p. v., Washington Co., Me, : at the 
head of Englishman's Bay, 114 niik-s E. by N. Augusta. 
Chandler's r. flows through the t., affording water-power, at 
the mouth of which the v. lies. Pop. oft. 466. 

JoNESBORouGu, p. V., Saline co., Jfo. : on Salt fork of La 
Mine r., 61 m. W. N. W. Jefferson City. 

JoNESBOROUGH, p. V., and CQp. "Washington co,. Term. : 
239 m. E. by N. Nashville. It contains a court-houso, jail, 
two academies, and about 500 inhabitants. 

JoNESBOROUGU, p. v:, Bruuswick county, Virff. : 53 m. 
S.W. by S. Richmond. 

Jones' Ci:eek, p. o., Randolph co., III. : on the cr. so 
called, and near the Mississipiti, 137 m. S. Springfield. 

Jones' Creek, p. o., Liberty county, Ga.: 76 m. S. E. 
Milledgeviile. 

Jones' Mills, p. c, Yallabusha co., Mias. : 109 m. N. N. E. 
Jackson. 

Jones' Mills, p. o., M'Nairy co., Teim. : 123 m. S. W. 
Kashville. 

Jones' Mills, p. c, Merriwether county, Ga. : S3 m. W. 
Milledgeviile. 

Jones' Mills, p. v., Westmoreland co., Peiin. : 147 m. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Jones' Nurbekt, p. o., Clark oounly, Ky. : 51 m. E. S. E. 
Frankfort. 

JoNESPORT, t. and p. o., Washington county. Me. : 112 m. 
E. by N. Augusta. It has an excellent harbor, and is engaged 
in ship-building, the fisheries, and coasting trade. Pop. S2G. 

Jones's, sta., Hamilton co., Ohio : on the Cincinnati, 
Uamilton, and Dayton R. R., 20 m. from Cincinnati. 

Jones's SwiTon, sta., Morgan co.. III. : on the Sangamon 
and Morgan R. R., 39 m. from Springfield. 

Jones' Tan-yard, p. o., Calloway co., Mo. : 34 m. N. E. 
Jefferson City. 

Jonestown, p. v., Lebanon co., Penn.: at the junction 
of Great and Little Swatara creeks, 24 m. E. N. E. Harris- 
burg. It contains several stores,and 616 iniiabilants. Near 
the V. is a forge produeing annually 150 tons of bars. 

Jonesyille, p. v., Hillsdale co., Mich. : on E. side of St. 
Joseph r. of Lake Michigan, 49 m. S. Lansing. There is 
fine water-power here and extensive mills, nianuf:icturing 
flour, woolens, coarse cottons, and machinery. It has a 
considerable amoimt of trade. The Michigan Southern 
m E. R. passes through the village 75 m. from Monroe. The 
"JonesvilleTelegr.aph*' (neutral) is published weekly, and 
the " Union S. S. Visitor" (religious), semi-monthly. Popu- 
lation 565. 

Jonesyille, p. v., Saratoga co., N. Y. : 17 m. N. by W. 
Albany. 

Jonesyille, p. o., Yadkin co., 2^. Car.: on the S. side 
of Yadkin r., 122 m. W. S. W. Raleigh. 

Jonesyille, p. v., Monroe co., Ohio: near Sunflsh creek, 
110 m. E. by S. Columbia. 

Jonesyille, p. v.,rnion district, S. Car. : about 3 m. from 
Pacolet r., 69 m. N. N. W. Columbia. 

Jonesyille, p, v., Harrison county, Tac. : 241 m. N. E. 
Austin City. 

JoNiaviLLE, p. v., Cliittcnden co., Vi'rm. : on N. side of 
33S 



Onion r., 19 m. W. N. W. Montpelier, on the Jine of the 
Vermont Central R. K., 23 m. from Burlington. 

Jonesyille, p. v., and cap. Lee co., Virff. : on a branch 
of Powell's r., about 6 m. from the Cumberland mountains, 
316 m. W. by S. Richmond. It contains a court-house, jail, 
a few stores, and 300 inhabitants. 

JoppA, sta., Plymouth county, Mafis. : on Bridgcwater 
Branch of Old Colony R. R., 26 ra. from Boston. 

Jordan, p. v., Onondaga co,, ^V. }', ; on the outlet of 
Skeneateles Lake, 141 m. W. by N. Albany. It o:»ntnins 4 
churches, 6 hotels, 15 stores, several flouring and saw mills, 
and manufactories of wooden ware. The Eric Canal passc-a 
through the v. 19 m. W. Syracuse. Pop. of v. 1,600. 

Jordan's Mills, p. o., Orangeburgh dist., £. Car. : on a 
branch of South Edisto r., 87 m. S. by W. Columbia. 

Jordan's Prairie, p. o., JelTerson co., III. : 108 m. S. S. E. 
Springfield. 

Jordan's Saline, p. v., and cap. Yanzandt county, Tev. : 
near the Sabine r., 197 m. N. E. Austin City. It coniains a 
court-house, a few stores, and 150 inhabitants. In the vicin- 
ity are salt springs of much value, and excellent pasture 
land. 

Jordan's Store, p. o.,WiUiamson co.,Tenn, : 26 m. S.W. 
Nashville. 

Jordan's Vallet, p. o., Rutherford co., Tenri. : 26 ra. 
S. E. Nashville. 

JoRDANviLLE, p. v., Herkimer CO., A\ F. : 131 m.W. N.W. 
Albany. 

Josco, t and p. v., Livingston co., Mic7i. : 37 m. E. S. E. 
Lansing. Drained by heads of Cedar r. Surface undulat- 
ing ; soil sandy loam. A fiirming town. Pop. of t. 6-15. 

Josephine, p. o., Woodford co., ///. : on a branch of 
Mackinac cr., 76 m. N. N. E. Springfield. 

Joy, p. v., WajTie co., A^. Y. : 1S2 ra. W. by N. Albany. 

JoYNEii's Dep6t, p. v., Edgecombe co., K. Car. : 46 m. 
E. by N. Raleigh. The sla. is on theWilmington and Weldon 
R. E., 38 m. from Weldon, and 126 from Wilmington. 

JuDA, p. v., Greene county, Wise: 34 m. S. by W. 
Madison. 

JcLiA Dean, p. o., Davi<laon co., Tejin. 

JuLTANN FriiNACE, Centre co., Penm,.: 72 m. N. W. 
Harrisburg. The furnace produces 1,400 tons of iron 
annually. 

Jl'uan's Gap, p. o., Hamilton co., Term.: 112 m. S. E. 
Nashville. 

JuLicsTowN, p. v., Burlington co., X. Jer. : 15 m. S. S. E. 
Trenton. 

JcNCTiON, p. o., Du Page co., III. : 165 m. N. N. E. 
Springfield. On the line of the Galena and Chicago Union 
R. R., 30 m. from Chicago, and here the branches diverge 
to Aurora and Geneva. 

Junction, sta., Providence co.. It. I. : on the Stonington 
R. R., 5 m. S. Providence. 

Junction, sta.. New Haven co.. Conn.: on the E. bank 
of Housatonic r., at the divergence of Naugatuck E. R. 
from the New York and New Haven Raih-oad, 9 m. from 
Bridgeport. 

Junction, p. o., Rensselaer co., K. Y.: 14 m. N. by E. 
Albany. 

Junction, sta., Chemung co., K. Y.: at the junction of 
the Canandaigua and Elmira R. R. with the Erie R. R., 4 
m. W. Elmira. 

Junction, p. o.. Contra Costa co., Cali/. 

Junction, p. o., Yuba co., Calif.: on Yuba r., 127 m. 
N. E. Vallejo. 

Junction, p. v., Paulding co., Ohio: at the junction of 
Miami Canal with the Wabash and Eric Canal, 112 m. N. W. 
Columbus. 

Junction, p. v., Hanover co., Tlrff.: on N. side of 
South Anna r., at the junction of the Virginia Central R. E. 
and the Richmond, Frederick, and Potomac R. R., 23 m. by 
the latter from Richmond. 

Junction, sta., Greenville co., Virff. : on the Petersburg 



JUN 



KAN 



R. E., 20 ra. N. 'Weldon. The Greenville and Roanoke 
R. E. diverges hence and connects with the Gaston and 
Ealeigh E. E. 

Junction Stoee, p. o., Botetourt co., Virff. : 129 m. W. 
Richmond. 

JcNEAu, p. T., and cap. Dodge co., Wise. : on a branch 
of Beaver Dam r., 39 m. E. N. E. JIadiaon. It contains the 
court-house, a few stores, and 150 inhabilanls. 

Juniata county, Penn. Situate 8. ccutrally, and con- 
tains 320 sq. m. Drained by Juniata r. and Licking and 
Tuscarora creeks, affluents of the Susquehanna, which its 
E. border touches. Surface broken and mountainous ; soil 
very ft-rlile in the valleys and very ^ood, producing great 
crops of wlieat, rye, corn, and budvwlieat, and affording 
the best of grazing. This ia an excellent farming ami dairy 
county, and great numbers of cattle and slieep feed on ila 
fine pastures. Much pork is fatted also, and it is not want- 
ing in deposits fif coal au'l irun. Farms S32; nianuf. 5-i; 
dwell. 2.16S, and pop.— wh. 12,904. fr. c.»I. 125— total 13,029. 
Capital : Mitilintown. i'uhlic Works : reansylvania 11. E. 
and Canal. 

JuxiATA river, Penn. : formed by the junction of Franks- 
town and Eaystown branches, and flows E. to the Susque- 
hanna, 15 m. above Harrisburg. The Pennsylvania Canal 
and R. E. pass along its banks. 

Juniata, t. and p. v., Perry co., Penn.: on S. side of 
Juniata r., 26 m. N. W. Harrisburg. Drained by Buffalo 
antl Eaccoon creeks. Surface broken ; soil in the valleys very 
rich. It has fine water-power, and manufactures flour, 
leather, and iron. The Pennsylvania E. E. crosses the N. 
part. Pop. of t. 3.215. 

Juniata Ceossings, p. v., Bedford co., Penn.: 86 m. 
W. S. W. Harrisburg. 

Junior, p. v., Seioto co., Ohio: aboul3 m. from the Ohio, 
92 m. S. by E. Columbus. 

Junius, t, and p. v., Seneca co.. JV^ Y. : 1G5 m. W. by N. 
Albany. Surface rolling; soil a rich loam, producing fine 
wheal. It has little water-power, and farming is the chief 
occupation. The v. has several stores and 200 inhabitants. 
Pop.oft. 1.516. 

JuN'O. p. o., Henderson co., Tenn.: 95 ra. "W. S. "W. 
Kashvillo. 

Justus' Mills, p. o., Hempstead co., Ark. : IIG m. S. "W. 
Little Rock. 

JvKiLL island. Ga.: at the mouth of Turtle and Little 
Santilla rivers, and on the S. E. coast of Glynn co. It pro- 
duces the best of sea-island cotton. 



K. 



Kaaterskill. X. T. : an affluent of Calskill cr. It has 
its sources from two pond.-*, each a mile and a half in cir- 
cumference, in the tov/n of Hunter, west of the Mountain 
House, on Catskill Mountain. Two miles from the house 
are a succession of beautiful and romantic water-falls — the 
first being a descent of 175 feet — the scct^nd, ImnKNliately 
following. 96 feet more ; making the whole descent 200 feet, 
then plunging through a dark chasm, from which it takes a 
meandering course to CalskiU creek. 

Kabletown, p. 0., Jefferson co., Virff. : 128 m. N. by "W. 
Eiclmiond. 

Kalama river, Oreg. Ter. : a tributary of Columbia r., 
which it meets about 12 m. above the moulh of Cowlitz r. 

Kal.uiazoo county, Mich. Situate S. "NV., and contains 
576 sq. m. Drained by Kalamazoo r. in the N. and by Four 
Mile, Bear, and Gull creeks. Surface level, or slightly un- 
dulating ; soil, a black loam of extraordinary fertility. It 
has much heavy timber, beech, maple, ash, and black wal- 
nut, and a small part is prairie. It is an excellent farming 
and grazing co., producing all the grains in the greatest 
profusion, and is hardly less adapted to manufacturing, hav- 
ing an abundance of the best water-power. Bog-iron ore 



is extensively found. Farms 1,093 ; manuf. 51 ; dwell. 
2,SS7, and pop.— wh. 13.070, fr. col. 109— total 13,179. Cap- 
itnl: Kalamazoo. Public Worka : Michigan Central R.R. 

Kalamazoo, t., p. v., and cap. Kalamazoo co., Mich. : 51 
m. W. S. W. Lansing. Drained by Kalamazoo r. and sev- 
eral small tributaries. Surface moderately level, thickly 
wooded, .and rich and productive. The v. lies on the W. 
bank of the Kalamazoo r., and on the line of the Michigan 
Central E. E. The principal buildings are the court-house, 
jail, Huron Literary Institute, and a branch of the Univer- 
sity of Michigan. Pop. 2,507. This is a very thriving, eom- 
meroi;iI, and manufacturing town, and is surrounded by a 
rich farming district. There are two papers published 
weekly, the "Kalamazixi Gazette" (dcm.), and "Michigan 
Telegraph" (whig). There is here an U. S. land oflice. 
Pop. of t. 3,281. 

Kalamazoo river, Mich.: it has its sources in Hillsdale 
and Jackson counties, and with its aftluents drains also 
Calhoun, Eaton, Barry, K.alamazoo, and Allegan counties. 
Its course is circuitous, with a length of 200 m., generally 
"W. N. W., emptying into Lake Michigan only 9S m. in a 
direct line from its source, and 41 m. N. of St. Joseph's r. 
This river, with its tributaries, affords extensive mill-power, 
and flows Uirough farming districts of unsurpassed fertility. 
It is navigable for vessels of 50 tons to Allegan, 38 m. from 
the mouth, where there is 6 or 7 feet of water on the bar, 
when the stream pours its least amount into the lake. 

Kalamo, t. and p. o., Eaton co., Mich. : 24 m. W. S. W, 
Lansing. Drained by the Big Fork of Thorn-apple river. 
Pop. 429. 

KALArooTA, v.. Linn co., Oreg. Ter. : on Kalapooya cr., 
which falls into the Willamette at Albany. 

Kalcaska county, Mich. Situate N.W. on Lower Penin- 
sula, and contains 5TG sq. m. Drained by Manistee river, 
emptying into Lake Michigan, and Grand Traverse r., into 
Grand Traverse Bay. Erectcl since 1S50. 

Kalida, p. v., and cap. Putnam co., Ohio : onVat E.b.ank 
of OUawa r., 92 ni. N. W. Columbus. It contains a courts 
house and jail, and supports one newspaper, the " K. Vent- 
ure" (dera.), a weekly issue. 

Kanawua county, Virg. Situate N. W., and contains 
1,218 sq. m. Intersected by Great Kanawha r., and drained 
by its alllueuts in the N., Elk r., Pocataligo r., and Sycamoiv, 
Sajidy, and Big Sandy creeks; in the S., by Coal and Little 
Coal rivers, and Paint and Cabin creeks. It has a broken 
surface, and an ordinary soil, but great mineral resources ; 
these consist principally of bituminous coal, of which six or 
seven million bushels are dug annually, and s.alt springs, 
which are very numerous and rich, the salt made from their 
waters exceeding two million bushels per year. It has, be- 
sides, good water-power on the numerous branches of Great 
Kanawha r.. which is here alarge navigable stream. Farms 
777 ; manuf. 110 ; dwell. 2,110, and pop.— wh. 12,002. fr. c<'L 
211, si. 3,140— total 15,353. Capital: Kanawha. Public 
Works: Covington and Ohio E. E. ; Improvemenis in tho 
Kanawha river by James Eiver Canal Company. 

Kanawha Court-House, p. v., and cap. Kanawha co., 
Yirg.: on the N. bank of Great Kanawha r., at the junction 
with Elk r., about 6 m. above its confluence with Ohio r., 223 
m. "W. by N. Eichmond. Is pleasantly situated, with an 
extended front on the river, which is here navigable for 
steamboats at low water. Also called Cdarleston. It con- 
tains a court-house, jail, etc., numerous stores, several steam 
and water mills— saw and flour— and about 170 dwellings. 

Kanawtia Saline, p. o., Kanawha co., Virg. : on ttie 
N.W. side of Great Kanawha r., 223 m.W. by N. Richmond 
It derives its name from the salt business pursued in its 
vicinity, and is a place of growing importance. 

Kanawha river, Virg. : it has iLs source in Ashe co., N. 
Carolina, where it receives the waters of a number of mill- 
streams, and passing into Virginia, it drains Grayson, Car- 
roll, Wythe, Pulaski, Montgoimry, Giles, Monrn«. Mercer, 
Greenbrier, Fayette, Nicholas, Kanawha, Putnam, and Ma 

339 



KAN 



KEA 



soncouDties: taking a circuitous course, with many raeaii- 
(lerin^s, nearly 30U miles, it empties inlollie Ohio r. al Point 
Pleasant, in lat. 3S^ &2' N., 174 m, N. by W. ol' its source, 
and -JS-J ra. below Pittsburg. At Point Pleasant, GO m. above 
the month, are the Kanawha Salt-works, where the river is 
nearly 500 feet wide. The salt district extends 15 m. ou the 
river, w here the suit water is obtained by boring SOO to 500 
feet through rock formation, tubing being passed down to 
exclude fresh water from the sides, and through wliieh the 
brine rises to a level with the river. Steam-power is used 
for raising it still higher, and the bituminous coal of the 
eamc vicinity is used to effect evaporation. There arc on 
fiiis river and its tributaries five veins of common bitumin- 
ous coal and two of cannel, all cai>able of being worked, 
and all above the level of the river. The largest is said to 
have an aggregate thickness of 'J4 feet. The cannel-coal is 
said to be equal to any of this kind in the world. About 
loo m. from the mouth arc the Great Falls, where there is a 
single perjjendicular descent of 50 feet. The principal 
affluents are the Elk, Coal, and Greenbrier rivers ; the other 
tributaries are uumcrous, and alTord very extensive water- 
powers. 

Kane county, lU. Situate N. E., and contains 54-3 sq. m. 
Drained by Fox r., a branch of the Illinuis, whirh flows S. 
through the F. part. Surface level or rolling; soil of groat 
fertility, and well cultivated— a superior farming co. On 
the branches of Fox r. is fine water-j>ower and timber, and 
limestone is abundant. Farms 1,015; mannf. 49; dwell. 
2,S2S, and pop.— wh. 10,096, fr. col. (i— total 10,70-2. Cajii- 
tal: Geneva. Public ^V<Jr^:6: Galena and Cliicago Union 
K. E. ; St Charles Branch 11. E. ; Aurora Branch P.. E. and 
its extension. 

KiNE, p. o., Greene co., III. : 5^ m. S. "W. Springfield. 

KANEiViLu:, p. v., and cap. Poltowatlomee co., /(/. : 6 
m. N. from Fort Croghan, and 4 m. E. from Missouri r., 224 
m. W. by S. Iowa City. This i)lace was settled and built by 
the Mormons, and is an intermediate station i'vv the o\crland 
emigration to Great Salt Lake Vallej-. The " Frontier 
Guardian" (whig), is published weekly. Pop. about 1,200. 

Kaxeville, p. c, Kane county, III.: 15o m. N. N. W. 
Springfield. 

Kankakee river, III. : its source is in St. Joseph's co., 
Indiana. This river, with its tributaries, drains the N. W. 
part of the State of Indiana, and Iroquois and Mill counties, 
in Illinois, and uniting with Jtlie Des Plaiues river, their 
waters form the Illinois river. The principal tributary is the 
Iroquois river. On the S. side of the Kankakee, in Illinois, 
are extensive fields of bituminous coal, and on the upper 
portion of the river are beds of iron ore. This river forms 
the northern boundary of the coal region of Illinois, K. of the 
Illinois r. A company has been chartered for the improve- 
ment of the river, to render it navigable by a system of dama 
and locks, which at some future day will probably open for 
150 miles as beautiful a country as there is in the West. The 
prairie country is interspersed witii groves and barrens, and 
on the E. side there are some sand-ridges. The river was 
discovered by the French at an early period. 

Kansas river, Ind. Ter. : its source is iu lat. 89°, near the 
E. base of the Eocky Mountains, and pursues a generally 
eastern course to Uie Missouri river, at the point where the 
■west boundary of the State of ilissourl leaves the Missouri 
river. Its whole course is about 1,200 m., and navigable 
900 m. Its width at its mouth is 340 yards. 

Kanzas, p. o., Jackson co.. Mo.: on the S. side of the 
Missouri r^ 135 m. W. by N. Jefferson City. 

Kaposta, v., Daeotah co., Minn. Ter. : on the "W. side 
of the Mississippi r., about m. below St. Paul. It is a fine 
flitt^ for a town, but as yet is Utile more than an Indian set- 
tlement. 

Kauthaus, p. v., Clearfield co., Pemi.: on the N. bank 
of the W. branch of the Susquehanna r., 93 ra. W. N. W. 
Earrisburg. Coal, iron, and salt are produced in the 
vicLnity. 

840 



Kasey's, p. 0., Bedford county, Virg.: 123 m. "W. by 9. 

Eiehmond. 

Kaskajskia, p. v., and cap. Eandolph co., IU.: on Kaa- 
kaskia r., 10 m. above its confluence wi[h the Mississippi r., 
and on a neck of land between the two, 127 m. S. S. W. 
Springfield. This town is one of the oldest in the Valley 
of the Mississippi, having been settled by the French in 
1GS3, and in 1763, when ceded to the English, had some 130 
families. It is beautifully situate in a lovely country. It 
contains a brick court-house and county jail, and also a 
nunnery and Catholic church, and a U.S. land office. Pop 
about 1,000. 

Kaskaskta river, III. : its source is in Champaign co., 
and runs in its general course S. S. W., draining with its 
numeruus but small afilucnts the counties of Piatt, Moultrie, 
Coles, Shelby, Montgomery, Fayette, Bond, Marion, Clin- 
ton. Washington, Madison, St. Clair, Jloriroc, and Ean- 
doljdi. The navigation of this river has been improved by 
the labor applied under the direction of the Board of Public 
Works, the drift-wood and other obstructions being removed 
from ilie channel, and sloping timber cut from the banks. 
In high water the river is navigable for loO m. to Vandalia, 
and some seasons to Shelbyville. At Vandalia the river ia 
spanned by a substantial bridge for the National Eoad. The 
country drained by this river is very fertile, and varied by 
suitable proportions of prairie and timber-belts and groves. 
The source is 1S3 m. N. N. E. from the mouth in a direct 
line, and its length iu full. 300 m. 

Kasoag, p. v., Oswego county, ^v; Y. : 152 m. "W. N. W. 
Albany. 

KATAuniN InoN Works, p. o., Piscataquis co., Me. : 96 
m. N. N. E. Augusta, near Katahdin Mountain, which rises 
5,3*10 feet above the sea level, and affords a vastly grand and 
beautiful view. This mountain may be seen from Bangor, 
70 miles distant, and is jiarticularly noted for its steep ac- 
clivities, and its isolation in the district. 

Kattelville, p. 0., Broome co., K. Y. : 124 ra. W. S. W. 
Albany. 

Kaitfman county, Tex, Situate N. E. centrally, and con- 
tains IjlOS sq. m. Drained by E. and W. fork of Trinity 
r., its S. W. boundary, Ferry's and Lacy's forks of Cedar 
er., its branch, and many small affluents, and in the N. E. 
by heads of Sabine r. Surface undulating, with some con- 
siderable elevations in the N., and good timber on the 
streams; soil a sandy loam, and mostly very productive — 
adapted to corn and cotton. Here is also excellent grazing 
in many parts. Its streams are not large, but some of them 
furnish good mill-seats. Farms 94; manuf. 0; dwell. 170, 
and pop.— wh. 9S2, fir. col. 0, 6l. G5— total 1,047. atpital: 
Kaufman C. H. 

Kaufman C. II., p. v., and cap. Kaufman CO., Tex. : oa 
the upper waters of Cedar cr., liO m. K. N. E. Austin. 

Kaukauna. p. v., Browne co.. Wise: 112 m. N. N. E. 
Madison. At the rapids so called, a.nd on the W. side of the 
Fox or Kcenab river. 

Kautatincuunk, p. o., Northampton co., Peim.: 84 m. 
N. E. by E. Harrisburg. 

KEAiaAQE mountain, Mcrrimac co., K, Uamp. : about 20 
ra. N. W. Concord. Elevation, 2,461 feet above sea level. 

Kayadeuosseras mountains, A'. I'.; extending through a 
part of Warren, Saratoga, and Fulton counties, in a S. W. 
direction. Their greatest elevations arc in the norlh<;rn 
portions, which rise SOO to 1,200 feet .ibove tide level; they 
gradually subside to the Mohawk ViUley. 

Keaksakue mountain, 2^. Ilanip. : a mountain in Merri- 
mac CO. Its summit, composed of naked granite rock, is 2,403 
feet above the sea, and afiVirds, on a clear day, an extensive 
and interesting view of the country. Its slopes are ccwered 
with a heavy growth of timber. 

Keaksly, p. 0., Genesee co., Mich. : about40 m. W. N. W. 
Lansing. 

KcATcniE, p. 0., De Sot5 par., Zti. ; 176 m. N. W. 
Baton Eougc. 



KEA 



KEN 



KEAr.NEYTiLLE. v., JelTursou CO., Virg.: <m the line of the 
Baltimore and Ohio K. li., 93 m. from BulUiuure, aud 1*J0 
m. N. N. W. liichiuuiid. 

Keaton'b Shoals, p. o., Baker co., Ga. : 147 m. S. W. by S. 
Milledgeville. 

Keck's Ciiurxn, p. o., Martiu co., //^«/. ; 7G in. S. S. W. 
Indiaoaixilis. 

Kekuysville. p. v.. "Washington co., Md.: on Autiotam 
cr., 7s ni. N. \V. l)y W. Auiiapitlia. 

Kekfkp.'s Store, p. o., FrunkliQ co., Pcnn. : about 50 m. 
S. W. Ilarrisburg. 

KEELEitSBURGU, p. o., Wyoming co., Peini.: 4S N. N. E. 
Ilarrisburg. 

KiiELEKsvii.LE, p. V., Vau Burcu couuly, Mli-h.: &S m. 
W. S. "W. Lansing. 

Keene, p. v., Jwssamine co.. Ky. : 26 m. S. E. Frankfurt. 
The line of the Lexington and Danville 11. K. passes through 
the village. 

Keene, p. t., and cap. Chesliire co.. X. //'imp. : 43 in. 
S. W. CniK-iirtl. ])rained by Ashuciot r. and its tributaries, 
which flows through it, and affurds excellent water-power. 
Surface diversified; soil rich, ft.Ttilc, anil wcU cultivated. 
At Kocnc the Ashuelot K. U. lorins a junction with the 
Cheshire K. K. The v. on the W. side of Ashuelot r. is 
beautifully situaleii, and citntaius many pleasant residences; 
and its wide streets are well shaded by ornamental trees. 
The court-house and jail are here. The v. snppurls very 
consideralde eommereial and manufacturing interests; and 
lias 3 newspapers, the " Spirit of the Times" (whig), *• N. H. 
Sentinel" (whig), atid " Cheshire llepnbiiean and Farmer" 
(dem.), all weekly issues. Pop. of t. 3.392. 

Kekne, t. and p. v., Essex co., A'. Y. : 112 m. N. by W. 
Albany. Drained by Ausable r. and ils tributaries, which 
empty into LakeChainplain. Here are also numerous small 
lakes, from which several of the heads of tlie liudsim river 
havf their sources. Surface mountainous, being traversed 
by the Adirondack range ; and liere it has its loOiesi culnii- 
nalions. Mount Marcy, Mount M'Intire, ami RLt^unt M'Mar- 
tin. Soils along the rivers and in the valleys are fertile, Init 
in other parts the rugged face of the country forbids culti- 
vation. The v.. a small agricultural settlement, lies on the 
E. side of the Ausable. Iron ore and other minerals abound 
in all this region. Pop. oft. 79'^. 

Keenk, t. ami p. v., Coshocton co., Ohio : 63 m. E. N. E. 
Columbus. Drained by Mill er.. an afllnent of Walhonding 
r. Surface elev.-ited and rolling; soil deep, rich, and pro- 
ductive. The V lies on the E. sirle of the cr.. and is a small 
agrieultural selllemeut of about '200 inhabitanta. Population 
of 1. 1.079. 

Keeneville, p. o., Wayne co., III.: 116 m. S. W. by S. 
Springfielil. 

Keenet's Settlement, p. o., Cortlandt co., X. Y. : 125 m. 
W. Albany. 

Keensville, p. o., Union CO., Penn.: 36 m. N, by W. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Keesevillk, p. v., Essex county, X. Y. : on both sides of 
Ausable r., 4 m. from Lake Champlain, 123 m. N. by E. 
Albany. There is here an extensive water-power, used by 
a number of thriving manufacturies of iron and other pro- 
ducts. It supporls a paper, the " Essex Co. liepublican" 
(whig), whieli is issued weekly. Pop. about 1,S00. 

Kef-zletown, p. v., Rockingham co., IV/V- -' ^^ 'Q- N.W. 
Bichmond. 

Keitu's, p. o., Morgan county, Ohio: SS m. E. by S. 
Columbus. 

KEiTiisnuRon, p. v., Mercer co., III.: on the Mississippi 
at the cnnflnence of Pope r., 112 m. N. W. Springfield, it 
is a thriving v., and wa.s once the county seat. 

Keitu's Cross Boads, p. o., Kent CO., Uf!. 

Kelleesville, p. v., Monroe co., Petui. : 95 m. N. E. 
llarrisljurg. 

KelleutoWn, p. v., Wilkinson co., Miss. : lOS m. S. W 
Jackson. 



Kellev's Mills, p. o., Lawrence co., Ohio : UG m. S. S. E. 
Columbus. 

KELLoGGaviLLE, p. V., Cayuga co., Nl Y. : between lakes 
Owaseo and Skaneateles, 2 m. W. of the latter and I3S m. 
W. Albany. 

Kelloogsville, p. v., Ashtabula co., Ohio: on the N. 
side of iVshlabula cr., 172 m. N. E. Columbus. 

Kef, lev's Cueek, p. o., St. Clair co., Ala.: ^Q m. N. 
Montgomery. 

Kelly's FEnEY, p. o., Meigs co., Tenn.: on the Tennes- 
see r., 117 m. E. S. E. Nashville. 

Kelly's Springs, p. o., Talladega county, Ala.: 73 m, 
N. by E. ^Montgomery. 

Kellysville, p. v., Delaware county, Pen^^.: S3 m. 
S. E. by E. llarrisl)urg. 

Kellvstille, p. o., Culpepper co., Virg. : 73 m. N. W. by 
N. Bichmond. 

Kel.'^o, t. aTid p. v., Dearborn co., In<K : 71 m. S. E. In- 
dianapolis. Drained by thr iipjK'r branclien; of Tanner's 
cr. and atHuenl^ of While WatiT river. Surfaee somewhat 
Ijrokeu ; soils of average ferliiily, aud iiroductive. Pop. 
of t. 1,712. 

Kr.Lvix Grove, p. o., Wake co., X. Ctu: : 10 m. N. 
Ealeigh. 

Kemislesville, p. T., Chester co., Penn.: 5S m. E. S. E. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Ki:.mi'eu county, Miss. Situate on E. line, and contains 
745 sq. m. Drained IC. by heads of Suquinochee r., flowing 
into Tombigbee r. ; S. by heads of Chiekasawha r., and W. 
by heads of Pearl r. Surface elevated and somewhat un- 
even, with several good mill streams; soil very fertile. 
Cotton is the great fctaple, and its culture is almost exclu- 
Bive. Corn thrives well, and great numbers of cattle and 
swine are reared. Farms 730; manuf. 1; dwell. 1,249, aud 
pop.— wh. 7,loS, fr. C()I. 1, si. 5,378— total 12,517. Capital 
De Kalb. Puhlic WorJcn : Moliile and Ohio B. B. 

Kemi'. p. o., Kaufman county, Tej:.: Is3 m. N. N. E 
Au.stin City. 

Kemp's Creek, p. c, Benton co.,^/(/. .- 05 m. N. by E. 
Montgomery. 

Kemi'Sville. p. v., Princess Anne co., Virg. : on a branch 
of Elizabelh r. an<l at the head of tide-waler, SS m. S. E. 
iCichmond. It contains several stores and about 300 in- 
habitants. 

Kenansville, p. V,, and cap. Duplin co., N". Car.: on 
the E. side of Grove cr., 71 m. S. E. Baleigh. The v. con- 
tains the court-house and about V>i) inhabitant-s. 

Kendall eounly, /If. Situate N. E., and conlaius 324 
s<[. m. Drained by Fox r., which crosses the N. W., and 
in (he S. E. by Au Sable r., a small branch of Des Plairiesr. 
Surface level or undulating; soil fertile, and much of it 
j)niirie, with timber on a few streams. It has considerable 
water-power and large dep<isit3 of coal. Farms C^9 ; manuf. 
0; dwell. 1,25S, and pop.— wh. 7,724. fr. col. 6— total 7,730. 
Capital: Oswego. PuhlicWork^ : Aurora Extension K. E. 

Kendall, t. and p. v., Orleans co,, N. Y. : 232 m.W. by N. 
Albany. Drained by Sandy and other creeks. Surface 
nearly level, with a gradual ascent from Lake Ontario, 
which forms the N. boundary; soil sandy and gravelly 
loam, and well tilled. Pop. 2.289. 

Kendall, p. o., Beaver co., Penn.: 1S4 m.W. by N. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Kexdall, p. 0., Kendall county. III.: 123 m. N. N. E. 
Springfield. 

Kendall Creek, p. o., M'Kean co., Penn. : 151 m. N. W. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Kendall Mills, p. o., Orleans county, X. Y.: 229 m. 
W. by N. Albany. 

Kva^DALL's Mills, p. o., Somerset co., Me.: on the W. 
bank of Kennebt c r., 20 m. N. by E. Augusta. 

Kendall's Store, p. o., Stanley co., X. Car.: 67 m, 
W. S. W. Baleigh. 

Kesdallvillr, p. v.. Noble co.^Pul.: on Little Cedar 

841 



KEN 



cr. and on the line of the Fort WajTie and Lima plauk- 
road, 126 m. N. N. E. Indianapolis. 

Kbnbkick's Spur, p. o., Patricli county, Virg. : 16S m. 
W. S. W. Eichmond. 

Kexdusmag stream, J/?. ; a tributary of the Penobscot 
r., which it joins at Bangor. It furnishes a large and val- 
uable water-power. 

Kesnkbec couuty, Me. Situate S. W. centrally, and con- 
tains 1,109 sq. m. Drained by Kennebec and Sebasticook 
rivers, and their affluents, and W. by the Androscoggin. 
Surface undulating, without being hilly, and soil highly 
productive. It has many ponds, which, with their streams 
an<l the Kennebec, afTord inmiense water-power. It abounds 
in tine timber, and the lumber trade is of great importance. 
The Kennebec is a large navigable stream, and its com- 
mercial facilities fine. Wheat, corn, oats, and barley yield 
well, and its pastures feed great numbers of cattle and 
sheep. The great export is potatoes, of which immense 
quantities are raised and sent to all parts of the Union. 
Farms 5.256; manuf. 331; dwell. 10,162, and pop.— wh. 
62,379, fri col. 142— total 02,521. Capital: Augusta. Fith- 
lic Works : Androscoggin and Kennebec E. E. j Andros- 
coggin K. E. ; Portland and Kennebec E. E. 

Kexnebec. t. and p. v., Kennebec co., Jfe. : 6 m.W. S.W. 
Augusta. About one-third the surface is covered by lakes ; 
soil rich and well cultivated. The principal v. lies on the 
N. E. comer. 

Ken.nkbeo river, 3fe ; one of the most important rivers 
of New England. Its principal source is at the outlet of 
Moosehead lake, but its more remote source is that of Dead 
r., which empties into Kennebec r., 20 ra. below the outlet. 
The source of Dead r. is in the N. W. part of Franklin 
county, within 5 m. of Chaudiere r., which flows into the 
St. Lawrence. The general course of Kennebec r. is S. by 
E., making several considerable curves, and draining with 
its tributaries, Somerset, Franklin, and Kennebec, and por- 
tions of Penobscot and Waldo counties, and traversing Lin- 
coln, lis length from its remotest source is about 200 m. 
It is navigable for boats 00 m. to Waterville, for sloops to 
Augusta, 42 m., and for ships to Bath, 12 m. from its mouth. 
Its largest tributary is the Androscoggin, flowing iu IS m. 
from its mouth. The confluent stream is sometimes called 
the Sagadabock. At Waterville, .and other places above, are 
very valuable water-powers. The whole fall of the river 
is more than l.ooo feet, affording, with its tributaries, in- 
calculable hydraulic power. The river is closed by ice 
generally for four months of the winter season, except be- 
low Bath, where the salt water usually keeps the port open 
at all seasons. The prineij)at towns on the river are Bath, 
Hallowell, Augusta, Waterville, and Norridgcwock. It 
flows through a fertile coumry and bears an extensive trade. 
Kennebcnk, t. and p. v., York eo.. Me, : GG m. S. S. W. 
Aueusta. Drained chiefly by Mousum r., on which and on 
liie Kennebnnk there are several mills and factories. The v. 
is on the S. W. side of Mousum r., and at the entr.ance of the 
Kennebec into tlie Atlantic there is a good harbor. It is a 
port of entry, and has some shipping employed in the fish- 
eries and coasting trade. Formerly it had an extensive 
trade with the West Indies, and many fine ships are still 
built in the town. Pop. 2,650. 

Kes-nebi-xk Dep6t, p. o., York CO., Mc. : on the N. bank 
of Mousum r, and on the Portland, Saco, and Portsmouth 
P.. E., 60 m. S. S. W. Augusta. 

Kessebinkpoet, t and p. v., York Co., Jte. : 62 m. 
8. S. W. Augusta, on the N. E. side of Kennel)ee r. and 
opposite to kennebunk, with wliich its chief interests are 
connected. It has considerable shipping, and many of the 
inhabiuints arc engaged in coasting and the fisheries. 
Granite, much resembling that of Quincy, is at)imdant, and 
furnishes a staple of export. This t. and Kennebunk were 
in former times among the most active and busy shipping 
places in Maine, but their trade has immenscdy diminished. 
Pop. of t. 2,r06. 
842 



KEN 

Ke>'.sei)y"8, p. o., Brunswick co., Vl/'g. : G3 m. S. S. W. 
Eichmond. 

KENNEnT^nLLE, p. V., SteubeQ county, A'. Y. : ISS m. 
W. by 8. Albany. The v. hes on the Bulfalo, Corning, and 
New York 14. E., 24 m. from Coming. It contains several 
stores and workshops, and about 2G0 inhabitants. 

Kennkuee, p. o., Marshall county, Ala.: 136 m. N. 
Montgomery. 

KE.NXErr'3 Squaee, p. v., Chester county, Penn.: 71 ra. 
E. 8. E. Uarrisburg. It contains a Quakers' meeting-house 
and about a score of dwellings. 

Kf-NKos, p. o., Belmont county, Ohio: S9 m. E. by N. 
Columbus. 

KENNossECEGn, p. o., Guernsey co., Ohio : S5 m. E. by N. 
Columbus. 

Kenosha county, TTuc. Situate S. E. comer, and con- 
tains 2S2 sq. m. Drained by Fox and Des Plaiues (or 
O'Plain) rivers, wliich flow 8. into Illinois r. Surface gently 
undulating; soil a fertile prairie for the most part, and very 
productive of the grains and grasses. Its stock is very 
fine and dairies Large. There is some timber on the streams, 
but where wanting, the lake supplies lumber and coal. 
Limestone is quarried on the rivers. Farms 914; manuf. 
61 ; dwell. 1,S12, and pop.— wh. 10,714, lir. col IS— total 
10.732. CajyiUd: Kenosha. 

Kenosua, p. v., and cap. Kenosha co., TFi.sc. ; on Lake 
Michigan, 89 m. E. S. E. Madison, 10 m. S. Kacine. lias 
an excellent harbor, and commands the trade of one of tho 
finest farming districts in the world, the prairies of the 
county being of the richest and most beautiful character of 
the West. Two small creeks empty into the lake, ono 
above and the other below the port. Kenosha was former- 
ly called Southport. The location is very deshable aud 
pleasant : its shipping interests are likely to improve. Pop. 
3,4C0. 

Kessico, p. T., Westchester co., if. T. : on the Harlem 
E. H., 126 m. by route from Alb.any. 

Kensington, p. v., Hartford co.. Conn.: on a S. branch 
of Little r., 14 m. S. 8. W. Hartford. The New Haven, 
Hartford, and Springfield E. K. passes it about a mile to tho 
east. The v. has several manufactures, etc. 

Kensington, p. v., Oakland Co., Mich. : on Woodruff cr., 
a branch of Huron r., 4G m. W. S. W. Lansing. A thriving 
T., surrounded by a rich farming district, and it has several 
flourishing mills and about 200 inhabitants. 

Kensington, t. and p. v., Eockingham co., JK Hamp. : 
30 m. 8. E. Concord. Surface is nearly level and almost 
without streams. The v. h.is several stores. Pup. of t 7(10. 
Kensington, t. and p. v., Philadelphia CO., Pcnn. : 90 in. 
E. by S. Harrisburg. Although under a separate govern- 
ment, Kensington is in reality a part of Philadelphia and a 
suburb of that city. It is situate N. E. on the Delaware, and 
contains a large number of industrial establishments for 
the manufacture of cotton and woolen goods, etc., and has 
also mamifactures of iron, glass, etc. Ship-building is also 
extensively carried on. It has a large wholesale and re- 
tail trade. Dwellings 7,665, families 9,066, and pop. 40,770. 
Kent county. Ifel. Situate centrally, and contains 614 
sq. m. Drained by Duck, Little, Jones, Motherkill, and 
MispiUion creeks, emptying into Delaware Bay, and Nan- 
ticoke and Choptank rivers, flowing into Chesapeake Bay. 
Surface moderately uneven; soil mostly very productive. 
Corn, wheat, rye, and oats are the chief crops, and great 
numbers of cattle and sheep are reared. It has some 
water-power, and exports considerable lumber. Farms 
1,055; mnimf. 121 ; dwell. 8.S73, and pop.— wh. 16,119, fr. 
col. 6,850, si. 317— total 22,316. Ctipital : Dover. Pulllt 
Works: a projected railroad fl-om New York to Norfolk 
(air line). 

Kent county, Md. Sitnato N. E., and contains 272 sq. m. 
It has Sassafras r. on the N., Chesapeake Bay on the W., 
and Chester r. on tlie S.. and a few creeks flowing into 
tbeee. Surface high and rolling; soil fertile. Corn, wheat, 



KEN 



KEN 



oats, and ewect potatoes are the lea'.ling products of tlie 
soil. Marl and lime, from slicll beds, are abun<laut It has 
Bonie mill-seats and considerable manufaclnrrs. Farms 
607; manut". 35; dwefl. 1,5S4, and pop.— wh. 0,010, fn col. 
8,143, si. 2.627— total 11,3S6. Cajiital : Clicstertown. 

Kent county, Mich. Situate S. "W,, and contains 57C 
^(\. ni. Drained by Grand r., which crosses it, runninsy to 
the W., arul its branches, Kouf;e and Tljom-apple rivers, 
Burfaeo rolling;:, except on Grand r., where H is hilly; soil a 
rich vegetable loam. It is equally adapte<l to grain or 
griiss, and produces great crops. The W. is well limbered 
with black walnut, beech, and sugar maple, and on Hougc 
r. are valuable pine forests. It has immense water-power, 
esi)ecially on Grand r. Limestone and superior gypsum 
are abun<lant, and salt springs are found. Farms 817; 
nianuf. 67 ; dwell. 2,251, and pop.— wh. 11,982, fr. col. 34— 
total 12.01fi. CajiiUjl: Grand liapids. 

Kent county, E. L Situate W. centrally, and contains 
ISO sq. m. Drained by Pawtuxet anil Flat river.s. Surface 
uneven and rough, with level tracts in the E. ; soil a sandy 
or gravelly loam, and of great fertility. \\s pastures are 
excelJenl, and many sheep are reared. It has fine orcli- 
ardfl and gardens, known in all tlie markets armmd. The 
streams are small, but afford nmch water-power, and its 
nianufucliires of wool and cotton are extensive. Narr:igan- 
set Bay lies E. of it, and its coasting trade and fisheries are 
valuable. Farms 6SS; manuf. 90; dwell. 2,C25, and pop. 
— wh. 14,821, fr. col. 247— total 15,068. Capital: Fast 
Greenwich. PiiVUc Works: Providence and Stoningtoii 
v.. i:. ; Hartford, Providence, and Fishkill P. P. 

Kent, I. and p. v., Litchfield co., Comi. : 41 m. "W. by S. 
Ilartl'ird. Jtrained by the llousatonie r. and several of its 
aflluents, all which afFurd excellent water-power. Surface 
generally mountainous, with fine valleys and intervales; 
Boil in the mountains gravelly and hard — in the valleys cal- 
careous loam, and fertile. The v. lies on the line of the 
llonsatouio K. P. and on the E. side of the river, which is 
here spanned by a bridge. In the t. thero are extensive 
depttbits of iron ore and several furnaces, etc. Vv\}. 1,S4S. 



Kent, p. o., Stephenson co., El. : 1S4 m. N. Springfield. 

KnNT, t. and p. v., Putnam co., ]>f. Y. : S4 m. S. Albany. 
Drained by Jiead branches of Croton r. Surface generally 
hillj' — in the N. mountainous. Pop. 1,557. 

Kent, p. o., Indiana co., Fenn.: about US m. W. by N. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Kent, p. v., Jefferson county, Jiut: 73 m. S. S. E. 
Indianapolis. 

Kent island, 3fd.: the largest and most important island 
of Chesapeake Bay, containing 42 sq. m. of surface. The 
first settlement williin the present limits of the State was 
made on this island by Claiborne, and here is tlie scene of 
many interesting events in the early colonial history of the 
State. It lies niii)Osite Annapi'Iis. 

Kknton county, A'>/. Situate in most N. point, and con- 
tains 145 sq. m. Draine<l tiy aflluenta of Licking r., its E. 
boundary, and Ohio r., its N. bnundary. Surface moder- 
ately uneven ; soil fertile, ailmirably adapted to grain-grow- 
ing and grazing. Tobacco, corn, wheat, and pork are the 
farming sla|iles. It has nmch line water-power and exten- 
sive manufactures. The X. is (juite level, is un<ler high enl- 
livation, and densely populated, being a kind of deiiendeney 
(if Cincinnati, which is just opposite Covington, the largest 
town in the county. Farms C50; manuf. 109; dwell. 2,S54, 
and pop.— wh. 16,110, fr. col. 92, si. S30— total 17,033. Caj}- 
ital: Independence. Puhlic M'or/cs: Nashville and Coy 
ington K. E. ; Covington and Ohio R. K. ; Lexington and 
Covington U. P., etc. 

Kenton, p. v., and cap. Hardin co., Ohio : on the N. side 
of Scioto r., 50 m. N. W. by W. Columbus. The Mad Piver 
and Lake Erie P. li. passes through the v., 73 m. from 
Sandusky. Two papers are issued here weekly, the '* K. 
Pepubliean" (whig), an-l '^K. Herald" (dera.) This is the 
business centre of an excellent farming district. Population 
of V. 1,0C5. 

Kentontown. p. v., Harrison co., Ky. : 54 m. N. E. by E 
Frankfort. 

Kent's Hill, p. v., Kennebf>c co., Me. : 13 m. W. N. W- 
Augusta. 



THE STATE OF KENTUCKY. 



Kentucky is separated from Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois by the Ohio Piver, which demarks its n'Tth boundarj-; and 
from Missouri by the Mississippi Piver, its western boundary. The east boundary is formed chiefly by Big Sandy PiVer 
and tiie Cumberland Mountains, which separate it from Virginia, and on the south llie boundary is co-terminus with the 
north boundary of Tcimessee. The State lies generally between the latitudes 30° 30' and 39^ 12' N., and between the 
longitudes 82^ 02' and ^9° 40' W. from Greenwich, or 5° 00' and 12° 3S' W. from Washington. Its greatest length on the 
paralUd of Cairo, in Illinois, is SGS miles, and its greatest width on the meridian of North Bend, in Ohio, is ICS miles; but 
the irregularity of its outline in some parts narrows its width to 40 miles, as on the east line of Graves County, and ita 
lenglli varies as nmch as 100 miles from a maximum. The estimated land area of the State is 37,030 square miles. 

The fiice of the country may be generally described as level or moderately uneven. The levels, however, are not like a 
carpet, but are interspersed wifh small risings and declivities, which make a scene of varying interest. In the soulli-east 
the Cumberland Mountains, which form the boundary toward Virginia, except from this character; but even here no 
great elevations are attained, yet they give to that portion of the country a nigged and mountainous aspect, and their 
numerous spurs or offshoots, projecting quite into the middle of the State, render tlie surface of the whole eastern division 
somewhat broken and hilly. Farther westward the country becomes undulating, abounding in bold featnrt«, although 
tlie hills are much less abrupt than in the east, and gradually sirdc down with more rounded forms and gentler acclivi- 
ties, until merged into the almost level plains of the Cumberland, Tennessee, and Mississippi rivers. Along the Ohio, and 
extending from 10 to 20 miles in different places from it, are the Ohio Hills, parallel with that beautiful stream. These 
hills are often high, generally gracefully rounded and conical, with narrow vales and bottoms around their bases, and give 
to the country through which they extend a rough appearance ; they are covered with lofly forests, and have often a good 
soil on their sides and summits ; and the alluvial bottoms between them and the Ohio, and along the streams which fall 
into that river, are of the ricliest description. 

In the geology of Kentucky the blue limestone occupies a conspicuous place ; it forms the surface rock in a large part 
of the State, and is used for building purposes. Among the cliffs of the Kentucky Piver is found an excellent marble, 
capable of a fine polish. The cliff limestone is the base of the Ohio Falls at Louisville; the slate or shale is very common, 
bituminous, and supports combustion, and contains iron pyrites and ores, giving rise to mineral springs. The sand or 
freestone extends from Danville to Louisville, etc., and is used in the arts, and even for grindstones. The cavernous 
limestone, as its name imports, gives rise to many eaves, the most famous of which is the Mammoth Cave (s<v Mammoth 
Cave). The limestone region, indeed, abounds in caverns, sinks, and suliterranean water-courses. Several of the caves 
are of extraordinary dimensions, but the one above mentioned is the most spacious and best known. The sinks or sink- 
holes are cavities or depressions on the surface of the ground, resembling those of Florida, already described, but of inf<;- 

343 



KENTUCKY. 



rior cxlenl ; Iliey are commonly in tlic sliiipe of invorto.i cont-s, GO or TU feet in dcptli, and from CO to 300 feet in circnra- 
ference at the top. Their siili*.s ami bottoms are generally covereil with willows an<l arpialie productions, and the car can 
oftoa distinguish the sounci of waters flowiiig (huUt tliem. It is believed that these sinks arc pyrforatlnns in the bt^ 
of limeatouc below Iho soil, which have caused the earth to sink. Sometimes the ground has been opened, and disclosed 
a subterranean stream of water at the bottom of these cavities. The conglomerate or pudding-stone consists of quartz 
pebbles, rounded and united with line sand by a kind of natural cement: it underlies the coal formation. The coal-beds 
oJ' Kentucky are continuous of those of the Illinois and Ohio; they cover 10,000 or 12,00o square miles, and are vt-ry 
accessible, but hitherto the quantity of cnal mined has not been to any great amount— not mure than five or six million 
bushels a year. Iron is equally abundant in tlie State, and it, too, is compamtivL-ly ncgleeted, but from ila deposits being 
mainly on or near navigable streams, it nuist inevitubly become a source of future wualtli to the country. An estimate 
of the quantity embraced has been (Ixcd at 3S,iiOO,000 tons. Small quantities of lead are also traced in Kentucky, and 
silver ore has lately been discovered near the Cumberland Falls. Salt springs abound in the sandstone formation, and 
have become very productive. Saltpetre-earth, or nitrate of lime, gypsum, or plaster of Paris, are found in the caves. 
Mineral springs are numerous, embracing sulphur, saline, chalybeatt.*, ele. The salt springs received the name <if "licks" 
from the early settlers, on account of their being the favorite resorts of the wild animals, which were fond of licking the 
etnorescenccs so abundant around them. The name is also applied to tho sulphureted fountains which occur in various 
places. 

The most productive soil of Kentucky is that of the blue limestone formation ; and in the neighborhood of Lexington 
and toward the Ohio, the country based on that route is said to be the garden of the Slate. The line demarking this 
region passes from the Ohio round the Inrads of Licking and Kentucky hvcrs, Dick's Uiver, an'l down Great Green 
liiver to tho Ohio ; and in this great ci>mprts9 of above liiO miles .squart; is found one of the most fertile and extraordinary 
countries on which the sun has ever shone. The soil is of a loose, deep, and black mold, without sanrl — on lirst-ralo 
lauds, from two to three feet deep, and exceedingly luxuriant in all its productions. It is well watered byline springs and 
streams, and its beautiful climate andthesalubrity of the country arc unequalcd,tlic winter, even, being seldom so inclement 
as to render tJie housing of cattle necessary. In a state of nature, nearly the whole surface of this region was covered with 
a dense forest of majestic trees, and a close undergrowth of gigantic reeds, forming what in tho country are called eanc- 
hrakes. In iJic southern part, however, on the head waters of Oreeu Kiver and its tributaries, is an extensive tract, thinly 
wooded, and covered insuTumerwilh high grass growing amid scattered and stunted oaks : alnick with the contrast this re- 
gion presented to tho luxuriant forests of the neighboring districts, the first settlers gave the country the unpromising name 
of *' barrens." As a general thing, the term is by no means appropriate. There are, indeed, portions of the barrens, 
which are known as the ^nohs^thal are too sterile and rugged to admit of cultivation; but tho soil is generally productive, 
although not of the first quality, and is well suited for grazing. There are also tracts in the mountain regions and porti<in3 
of land on the Ohio Hills too much broken for general agriculture; but as a wliole, Kentucky has as great a proportion 
of the best soils as any other of her sister States, and from the splendor of its climate, has many advantages possessed by 
ffw otJier regions. 

The cotmtry in general may be considered as well timbered, producing large trees of many kinds, and to be exceeded 
by no coimtry in variety. Perhaps among its ft»rcst growths none is more valuable to the settler than the sugar-tree, 
which grows in all parts, an<l furuishesevery family with a plenty of excellent sugar; and the honey-locust, so curiously 
surrounded by large thorny spikes, bears long pods in the form of peas, luaving a sweet flavor, and from which domestic 
beer is made. The colTee-tree, greatly resembling tlie black oak, grows large, anil also bears a pod in which is inclosed 
coffee. The pawpaw bears a line fruit like a cueuml)er in shape and size, and of a sweet taste. The cane, on which 
cattle feed and grow fat, in general grows from three to twelve feet high, is of a hard substance, with joints at eight or 
ten inches distance along the stalk, from which proceed leaves resembling the willow. Tliere arc many cane-brakes, so 
thick anil tall that it is difficult to pass through them. "Where no cane grows there is an abundance of wild rye, clover, 
and buffalo-gniss covering vast traets, and affording excellent pasture for cattle; an<i the fields are covered with M'ihl 
herbage not common to other countries. Here is seen the finest crown imperial in the world, the cardinal (lower, so 
much oxtolleil for its scarlet color; and all the year, except tho short winter months, the plains and valleys are adorned 
with a variety of flowers of the most admirable beauty. Here is also found the tulip-beariug laurel-trce, or magnolia, 
which is very fragrant, and continues to blossom and seed for several months together. 

Among the agricultural staples of Kentucky, hemp and flax are tlie most conspicuous. Tobacco is also extensively 
grown ; and the In<lian corn and wheat of this Stjite are large crops and excellent in quality. The flrst-namcil — hemp, 
flax, and tobacco— are, however, the great staples. The hemp crop of Kentucky is five-eighths of tho whole yield of tho 
United States — that of dew-rotted hemp is two-thirds, and that of water-rotted hemp is seven-twclfllis of the whole of tho 
respective descriptions ; four-sevenths of Iho crop of flux is grown in Kentucky ; and the tobacco crop yields more than 
a fourth of the aggregate of that production. Its wheat crop is suri)assed in quantity by only ten States ; its Indian corn 
crop is surpasseil only by that of Ohio ; only two States have larger crops of oats ; only six produce more wool ; only four a 
larger abundance of market-garden i)roduels ; oidy seven more butter ; only two more l>eeswax and honey ; and only one 
cxct.M?ds it in its home-made manufactures. The cash value of ita farms makes it fourth in the list of States in point 
of agricultural wealth, and only three other States possess a greater wealth in live-stock, and one other equals it in the 
latter rciipcct. And yet, with all this vast amount of wealth and production, not one-half of its surface was under cultiva- 
tion in 1849-50, to which period the above returns refer. 

Nature has been most bountiful to this State in its noble rivers and useful sfroams. Beside the great peripheral waters, 
the Ohio, Mississippi, etc., several large and important water-courses traverse the interior, and, with the single exception 
of the Upper Cumberland, these fi<)W in a uniform direction from south-east to north-west; and while the Ohio is tho 
recipient of all the great rivers of the State, the Mississijipi only receives a few inconsiderable streams of trifling use as 
avenues of commerce. The Sandy. Licking, Kentucky, and Cumberland rise in the same region in the mountains of tho 
south-east The Jientncl-t/ is a rapid stream, running, like the other rivers of the State, in a deep channel with a rocky 
bed and generally perpendicular banks; it flows through a rich and highly cultivated countrj', and in high st:iges of tho 
water is navigable for steamboats to Frankfort, CO miles, and for flat boats about 100 miles further. The I.icAing, wliich 
also flows through a rich region of country, enters the Ohio, c)pposite Cincinnati, and affords boat navigation for about SO 
miles. &iU liiee/' rises in the centre of the State; it has a great volume of water in proportion to the length of its course, 
and is navigable for boats for 100 miles. It receives from the south a large tributary, called the Rolling Fork, Gre^ii 
Kive)\ likewise, rises in the centre of the State, and takes a westerly course, until having received the Cig Barren Kiver 



KENTUCKY. 



from the south, it turns to the norlh-wc?t; it li;ts ^ guntle current, with grt-tit duplh of «■ liter. Steanitionts isf> up to 
Bowling Grocn, on the liig IJiirreii, ISd rnilt-s, ;iml ll;it liouta luirend nearly to llie lie.-uls of tlie river. The Cuinberlaml 
h.Ts its sourees tinil it3_ nioutli in Kentueliv, liut tlie {.'reati-r part of its eourae is in Tennessee, liisin;; on tlie nesleru 
declivily of the Cumbcrltind Mountains, it iiasscs into tlie latter, and returning north, enters the Ohio in the former .'^late 
Ila course is .ihout 600 miles long, and steamhoaU go up to Nashville, Tenn., 2tin mill's, and in high stages of water eviil 
to liurkesville, in Kentucky. The Tennessee, being sei)arated from the Cutnherland by the monntains of that name, hua 
no portion of its headwaters in Kentucky, but it enters the State about TO miles .above its mouth, and ,a<lmils steamboats to 
Florence, in Ala., a distance of about 800 miles. The navigation of several of these rivers has been imiirovcd by locks, 
etc., and in some the obstructions are overcome by canals and railroads. 
Keutueky is divided into 100 counties, the general statistics of which and the capitals of each in ISoO were as follows : 



Cuiiiities. 


Dwdl. 


P.,,.. 


ilWM.it. 


Adair 


..1,513. 


. 9.S98. 


.1,010. 


Allen 


..1,249 


. 6,742. 


. 740. 


Anderson . .. 


.. !:S3. 


. 6,260. 


. 420. 


Ballard 


.. J7.5. 


. 5,496. 


. 48^3. 


Barren 


..2,C0T. 


.2tl,240. 


.1,813. 


Bath 


..1,596. 


.12.115. 


.1,018. 


Boone 


..1,615 


.11,185 


. 982. 


Bourbon 


..1.S4S. 


.14,460. 


. 734. 


Boyle 


.. 927. 


. 9,116. 


. 44:3. 


Bracken 


..1,487. 


. 8,903. 


. 728. 


Breathitt 


.. 025. 


. 3,7*5. 


. 433. 


Breekenridge 


..1,452 


.10,693. 


. 889. 


Bullitt 


.. 970 


. 6,774 
. 6,755. 


. 662. 


liullcr 


.. 697 


. 029. 


t'al.hveU 


..1,746. 


.13,048. 


. 689. 


Callaway .... 


..1,191. 


. 8,096. 


. 933. 


Campbell 


..2,319 


.13,127. 


. 730. 


Carroll 


.. 760. 


. 5,626. 


. 870. 


Carter 


. 944. 


. 6,241. 


. 654. 


Ca.sc-y 


. .1,0115. 


. 6,556. 


. 7.58. 


Christian 


..l,9Go. 


.19.580. 


.1,190. 


Clark 


..1,354. 


.12,083. 


. 792. 


Way 


.. T52. 


. 5,421. 


. 511. 


('linton 


. 774. 


. 4.SS9. 


. 499. 


Crittenden. .. 


.. 97S. 


. 6.851. 


. 662. 


Cumberland.. 


.. 942. 


. 7,005. 


. cor. 


Daviess 


..1,631. 


.12,353. 


.1,057. 


Edmonson... 


. 6.il. 


. 4,1^83. 


. 507. 


Estill 


.. 934. 


. .6,955. 


. 604. 


Fayette 


..2,089. 


.22,735. 


. "99. 


FleiTiitig 


.],9S:!. 


.18,914. 


.1,211. 


Floyd 


. 862. 


. 5,714. 


. 805. 


Franklin 


.1,453. 


12,462. 


650 . 


Fulton 


. f.s6. 


4.416. 


861. 


Gahalin 


. 747. 


. 5.137. 


. 414. 


Garrard 


.1.2s5. 


.10.237. 


666. 


Grant 


.1,031. 


. 6.531. 


. 730. 


Graves 


.1.694. 


11,897. 


1,279. 


Grayson 


.1,065. 


6,S37. 


824. 


Green 


.1,105. 


9,060. 


791 


Greenup 


.1,529. 


9.664. 


453. 


Hancock 


. 551. 


8.863. 


319. 


Hardin 


.2.005. 


14,526. 


1,406. 


Harlan 


. 6S7. 


4,268. 


&)5. 


Harrison 


.1,763. 


13,001. 


1,130. 


Hart 


.1,212. 


9,098. 


829. 


Henderson . . . 


.1.337. 


12,171. 


1,037.. 


Henry 


.1,4;?S. 


11,442. 


1,029.. 


Hickman 


. CS6. 


4.791. 


516. 


Hopkins 


.1,738. 


12,-t41. 


1,304.. 



,. ]y..C()Iuniliia 
,. 7..Sc()UsvilIo 

. . '67. .Luwrciu-eburg 
,. T..lil:m.lville 

.. 3:j.. Glasgow 

, . 2::t..0wiiif;sville 

. . llj. .Iliirlinglua 

.. a4..I*ari3 

.. S3..]>anvil!e 

,. 21..BrookvilIe 

,. 15..Jucksoii 

.. 13. .Ilardiiishurf; 

.. 14..Sliephcr<]sviIlo 
, . 8..Morgaiiltiwu 

. 3o..Eililyville 
. 7..Wadesh(iro' 

. . 12.. Newport 

. 17..CarrollU)n 
. T.. Grayson 

,. 11.. Liberty 

. 77..II"pkinsviUe 

,. 17..^Vinchester 

. ll..Munohcstcr 

. 3..AlUmy 

,. 13..Maric.a 

. ll..Burkcsville. 

, . 13. .Owtmsboro' 
, . 4..Bruwiisvillo 
. 2. .Irvine 
.15G. .Lfxington 

. 96.. Flfuiingsburg 
. 4.,rrestonburgh 

. 62. .FCANKFUKT 

. 9..nkkmaa 
. 11.. Warsaw 
. 21.. Lancaster 
. 15. . Willianistown 
. 85..Mayncl.l 
. 14..LitcbfiL-ld 
. 20. .Grcensburgh 
. 20.. Greenup 
. 15. .Ilaweaville 
. 50. .Klizabethtowii 
. 0.. Harlan 
. 54. .Cynthiana 
. 12. .Munfiirdsville 
. 44.. Henderson 
. 75.. New Castle 
. 9.. Columbus 
. 10..MadisoQvilIe 



Cimnlies. 
JufTiT-Stin , . , , , 
fli>>;uruiie.. . . , 

•JiOinsuii , 

Kenton 

Knox 

Laurel 

La Hue 

Lawrence 

Lctclit-r , 

L<-wi.s 

Lincoln 

Livingston 

Logan 

M'Crackcn . . . 

Madison 

Marion 

Mar-sliall 

Mason 

Mead 

Mercer 

Monroe 

.Montgoini*ry. . 

Morgan 

Mublenburgb. 

Nulsun 

NichoUis 

Ohio 

Oldham 

Owen 

Owsley 

I'en<IIcton 

I'erry 

I'ike 

i'ulaski 

ICock Castle. .. 

Kussell 

Scott 

Shelby 

Simpson 

Spencer 

Taylor 

Toild 

Trigg 

Trimble 

Union 

"Warren 

AVashington... 

"Wayne 

^Vh'illey 

Wo<>dford 



Ewell. 
.7,690. 
.1,093. 
. 60S, 
.2.8."j4. 
.1,000. 
. 071. 
. 845. 
. 9S9. 
. 410. 
.1,223. 
.1.145. 
. 915. 
.1.917. 
. 835. 
.I,M7. 
.1,428. 
. 865. 
.2.423. 
. 947. 
.1,702. 
.1,190. 
.1,103. 
.1,201. 
.1,451. 
.1,613. 
.1,497. 
.1,425. 
. ,1-60. 
.1,623. 
. 5SS . 
.1,067. 
. 471. 
. 9i'6. 
.2,2t;3. 
. "40. 
. 840. 
.1,566. 
.1,803. 
. 963. 
. SIO. 
. 971. 
.1,316. 
.1,281. 
. 805. 
,1,140. 
,1,798.. 
,1.517., 
.1,359. 
,1.214. 
,1,058. 



.59.831. 
.10.249. 
. S.s-3. 
.17.03->. 
. 7,050. 
. 4.145. 
. 6.859. 
. 6,2sl. 
. 2,512. 
. 7,202. 
.10,093. 
. 6..57S. 
.10,5sl. 
. 6.067. 
.15,727. 
.11,765. 
. 5,269. 
.18,344. 
. 7,393. 
.14,007. 
. 7,756. 
. 9,903., 
. 7,620. 
. 9,809.. 
.14,789. 
.10,361. 
. 9.740., 
. 7,629. 
.10,444. 
. 8,774. 
. 6,774. 
, 2,192.. 

5,.305.. 
.14,195.. 
. 4,697., 
. 5..3,19.. 
14,946.. 
,17,095.. 

7,733.. 
, C,M2.. 
. T,250., 
.12.208.. 
.10,129.. 
, 5,96:3.. 

9.012.. 
lr.,123.. 
12,194.. 
, 8.692.. 
, 7,447.. 
12,423.. 



Farm, 
incuit. 

. 677.. 

. 6.-.!.. 
. 604.. 
. 0.^0 
. 667 
. 284. 
. 420. 
. 6.05. 
. SJ3. 
. 651. 
. 614. 
. 4s5. 
.1,130. 
. 848. 
.I,ls5. 
. 963. 
. 415. 
. 859. 
. 4*9. 
. S^l. 
. 746. 
. 656. 
. 615. 
, 921. 
. 844. 
. "11. 
,1,122. 
. 414.. 
. 917.. 
. 45l.. 
. 6»0.. 
, 396.. 

44S.. 
,1,628.. 
.441.. 

005.. 

75S.. 
,1.2(j2.. 

686.. 

678.. 
. 648.. 
, 980.. 
, 843.. 

469.. 

CSl.. 
1,145.. 

,807. . 

929.. 

980.. 

630.. 



.014. .Louisville 
. 07. .Nicli'ilasvillo 
. 6..raintsvillc 
.109..Inde|i.n.lencc 
. 6. .IJarboursvUlo 
. O..I."ndr.n 
. 12..I,aIineC. ]I. 
. 10.. Louisa 

. . Whiteshurgh 
. 21..Clark.sburgh 
,. 07.. Stanford 
. 13.. Salem 
. 4()..l;uss.lhille 
. .37..1';jdueah 
. '39. .Ilichmond 
. 47 . . lA'banon 
. "..Benton 
.211.. Washington 
. 7. .r.raiidenl)urg 
. 67..Harru(!.sburg 
. 9. .'rompkinsvillu 
. 32 Mount sterling 
. 0.. "West Liberty 
. 10.. Greenville 
. 52. .Ilardstrjwn 
. S3.. Carlisle 
. 24..1larlf.rd 
. 8..Westport 
. 16..(iweulnn 
. 26..Booneville 
. 7..]"ahn(uith 
. 0.. I'erry 
. 5..I'iket(m 
. 14.. Somerset 
. 3.. Mount Vcmoa 
13.. Jamestown 
59..(jeorgetowD 
132..Slielliyville 
37. .Franklin 
13..TaylorsviIlc 
22..CampbellsvilIo 
23..Elkt(m 
87.. Cadiz 
19.. Bed ford 
T..Morganneld 
SS. .Bowling GrecQ 
21..Springlleld 
17..,\lorilieello 
0.. "Whitley 
98.. Versailles. 



The whole number of dwellings in the State was. at the above date, 130,769 ; of families, 132,920 ; and of inhabitants, 
962,405: viz., whites 761,6^8— males :j92,s4(i, and fenjales 368,848; free colored 9.736— males 4,771, females 4 9li5, and 
slaves 210,981. Of the whole population there were, ihnf und dmnh—vh. 485, fr. col. 4, si. 50— t.>tiil 6i9; Uind—wh. 
421, fr. col. 19, si. 90— total ,530; innane—vh. 48s, fr. col. 3, .si. 16— total 607, and irlu'tic—wh. 749, fr. col. 20, si. so— total 
S49. The number of free persons horn in the United St:itcs was 740,881, the number of foreign birth 29.189. and of birlh 
unknown 1.864; the native |iopulation originated as follows: Me. 227, N. Hamp. 225, Verm. 277. Mass. 00.6, 11. I. 220, 
Conn. 441, N. Y. 2,881, N. .ler. 1.249, Tenn. 7.491, Del. 607, M<1. 0,470, Dist. of Col. 170, Virg. 54,694, N. Car. 14.279, 
S. Car. 3,104, Ga. 892, Flor. 30, Ala. 792, Mi,ss. 657, La. 671, Tex. 71, Ark. 271, Tenn. 23,623, Kivfucki, 001.704, tlli. 9.9S5, 
Mich. 59, Ind. 5,893. 111. 1,049, Mo. 1,467, la, 59, Wise. 11, Territories 3; and the fornijn popuhition was composed of 
persons from— England 2,805, Ireland 9,466, Scottand 633, "Wales 171, Germany 13,607, France 1,U6, Spain 21, Portugal 

ua ;M5 



KENTUCKY. 



6, Belgium 27, Holland 33, Ilaly 143, Austria 12, Switzerland 279, Eussia 70, Denmark 7, Norway IS, Sweden 20, Prussia 
19S, Sardinia 1, Greece 1, Asia 3, Africa 4, British America 275, Mexico 42, Central America 1, South America 2, West 
Indies 41, and other countries 183. 

The followiug tabic will show the decennial progress of the population since the first census of the State taken by Iho 
United Slates authorities : 

ColoreJ Persona. Decennial Increiuff. 

Census White , • ^ Total 



l3r.n. 


Mo^enienL 


55,501.196 pounds . 


. . incr. 2,0C4,2S7 pounds, or 3S6 per cenL 


40,936 tons ) 




14,756 " 5-. 


...i«cr. 110,352,610 " "49217 " 


7,79.3,123 pounds ) 




6,6SS " 


. . . deer. lO.OSS " " 65-20 " 


303,200 " 


. . . deer. 833,256 " " 66-15 " 



Vf.-ir. Persons. Free. SlaTe. Total. Populalion. Numerk^al. i'ercent. 

ITHO 61,1-33 114 11,S30 11,944 73,077 — — 

ISOO 179.871 741 40,343 41,US4 220,955 147,S78 202.3 

1>10 824,237 1,713 80.561 82,374 406,511 185,556 S4.3 

1S20 4^,644 2.941 126,732 129,673 564.317 157,806 8=^.8 

1S:J0 517,767 4.037 165,213 169.250 687.917 123,6i>0 21.9 

1S40 590,253 7.317 1S3,253 1S9.575 779.S23 919,111 13.3 

liSO 761,6S3 9,736 210,931 220,717 982,405 202,577 25.9 

The sLitistics of the wealth, industry, productions, and institutions of the State, according to the census of 1S50, and 
other official returns referring to the same perio<i of lime, are as follows: 

Occupii'd Lands^ etc. — Improved lands, 11,368.270 acres, and unimproved lands, 10,972,478 acres — valued in cash at 
$154,.330,262 ; whole number of farms under cultivation, 74.777 ; value of farming implements and machinery, $5,169,037. 

Live Stock. — Horses, 315,652; asses and mules, 65,609; milch cows, 247.475; working oxen, 62,074; other cattle, 
442,703 ; sheep, 1,102,121 ; and swine, 2,861,163— valued in the aggregate at $29,591,357. In 1340 there were in the State 
395,853 horses, mules, etc. ; 787,093 neat cattle of all kinds ; 1,008,240 sheep ; and 2,310.533 hogs. 

Grain C/-i?;m.— "Wheat, 2,140,622 bushels; rye, 415.0T3 bushels; Indian corn, 58,075,591 bushels; oats, 8,201,311 bushels; 
barley, 9r),343 bushels; and buckwheat, 16,097 bushels. In 1840 the crops were as follows — wheat, 4,803,152 bushels; 
barley, 17,491 bushels ; oata, 7,155,974 bushels ; rye, 1,321,373 bushels ; buckwheat, 8,109 bushels ; Indian corn, 39,S47,120 
bushels. 

Other Crops.— TdcG, 5.688 (in 1840, 16,376) pounds : tobacco, 55,501,196 pounds ; ginned cotton, 753 bales of 400 pounds ; 
peas and beans. 202,574 bushels; potatoes— Irish, 1,492,487 bushels, and sweet, 998,184 bushels; hay, 113,655 tons; clover- 
seed, S.230, and other grass-seed, 21,451 bushels ; hops, 5,304 pounds; hemp — dew-rotted, 40,936, and water-rotted, 14,756 
tons; flax, 7,793,123 pounds ; flax-seed, 75.579 bushels; maple sugar, 437,345 pounds; cane-sugar, 2S4 hogsheads of 1,000 
pounds; molasses, 40,047 gallons; wine, 6,093 gallons, etc. The value of orchard products was $106,160, and of market- 
garden products, $293,120. The annexed form will exhibit the staiile crops of 1840 and 1850 comparatively : 

Slaples. 19^0. 

Tobacco 53,436,909 pounds . 

Hemp — dew-rotted \ t . 

" water-rotted [■ 9,992^ tons < . 

Flax ) / . 

Kice 16.376 pounds . 

Ginued cotton 691,456 " 

ProdncU of A ntmaZ,9.— "Wool. 2,297,403 (in 1S40, 1,7S0.S47) pounds ; butter, 9,877,868 pounds ; cheese, 21 3,784 pounds ; 
and the value of animals slaughtered during the year had been $6,459,318. Silk cocoons were produced to the amount 
of 1,301 (in 1340, 737) pounds; and beeswax and honey to that of 1,156,939 pounds. 

JIonn>-made Mamtfactures for the year ending 1st June, 1350, were produced to the value of $2,456,S3S. In 1S40 the 
Bflme class of goods were valued at $2,622,462. 

Manufactureff. — Aggregate capital invested, $00,000,000; value of raw material, fuel, etc., used a»d consumed, 
$00,000,000; average number of hands employed, 00,000— males 0,000, and fL-malts 000; arcrage moBlbly cost of labor 
—male $000,000. and female $0,000 ; total value of products during the year, $tiO,000.000. The whole number of man- 
ufacturing establishments producing to the annutd value of $500 and upward was 8,471; and of these 3 were cotton 
factories, 25 woolen factories, 275 tanneries, and 45 iron works- 20 for the manufacture of castings, 21 for pig iron, and 4 
for wrought iron. 

The cotton, manufacture employs a capital amounting to $239,000 ; value of all raw material, fuel, etc., consumed, 
$180,907; average hands employfd—malcs 181, and females 221 ; entire wages per month to — males $2,707, and females 
$2,070; value of cnlu-e products during the year, $273,4^9. The annual quantity of cotton consumed was 3,760 b.-iles, 
and the products consisted of 1,003,000 yards of sheeting, etc., and 725,000 pounds of yarn. Mineral coal used, 720 tons. 

The iro^j/rH. manufactures employ a capital of $249,820; value of raw material consumed, $205,287; average hands 
employed— males 256, and females 02 ; monthly cost of Ial)or— male $3,919, and female $0S9 ; value of annual products, 
$318,819. The quantity of wool consumed was 673,900 pounds, and there were produced in the year S7S,0C4 yards of 
cloth. 

The capital invested in the tanverifis amounts to $763,455 ; Ihe value of raw material used was, in 1849-50, $537,147 ; the 
average numbernf hands employed— males 877, and females 2 ; at a monthly cost of labor— male $14,417, and female $9; 
skins tanned, 69,3S0 : and sides tanned, 392,400— together valued at $935,267. 

The iron interest is in accordance with the following schedule referring to the year 1S49-50: 

Specifications. Vis: Iron. Cast Iron. AVrctij^Iit Iron. Total. 

Capitalinvested dollars.... 924.700 502,200 176,000 l.Oo.'.OOO 

Ore used tons 7'.i,olO — — 72.010 

Pig iron used " — 9,731 2,l>00 11.731 

Blooms used " — — 1,600 j.GOO 

Mineral coal used " — 2.649 ■ — 2.6J9 

Coke and charcoal used bushels. ..4,570,209 432,750 280,000 5.989,019 

Value of all raw material, fuel, etc. .dollars. . . , 260,152 295,533 180,800 730,435 

346 



KENTOCST. 



Pif; Irnn. 

1,S15 


CjsI l.on. 

, 5r,8 , 


1>3 


2,586 


10 


20 

13 sS'.i 




30 


8T,0D5 


5 sCT 


57 111 


47 


, ^3 




l;ii) 


24,245 


. .. 5.^SS 


3 070 . . 


. . . 33,203 


li).u(i(i 






KUlOO 


Cili,u37 


I44,iil(i 


2i)9,700 


1,G4S,U53 



S|>ecirn:;iti(i[is. 

IlanJs employed — males number . 

" " females " 

Monthly cost of labor— male <.lullar3... 

" " female '* 

Iron produced tons 

Value of other products dollars. .. 

" entire products " 

The industrial establishmrnta of Kentucky, eoniiiriaril in the ntriiresate number, as l>efi'r(' ^iven. and not sju'eially re- 
fcrri'd lo, consist of the hanilierafls usiuilly foun<l in aL:rieultural cuuuirie.s, and several wliieli may be considered iiecidiar 
to this Stale, as tobacco factories, rope-walks, bagging factories, etc., in which the great staples of the couniry are \v<irked 
uj) and nuide ready fur the market. 

J-oi-fiyii Commerct:, — The internal position of Kentucky almost precludes it from a direct intercourse with foreign 
countries — \\A natural port is New Orleans, in the direetiun of which all it;* great rivers point, and from that port chiefly 
are its products and staples sliipped, although a cnnsiderable quantity flmLs its way to the Atlantic ports rta the Illinois 
lUver and Canal to Chicago, and ihence by the great lakes to Dunkirk ami Uulfalo, anil irom Umse points to New York, 
etc., by railroad, canal, and river. Its exports in some measure are also .sent vhx the i^iio Uiver and rill^burg. But if 
Kentucky does not export its merchandise directly, the official returns for a number of year* have noticed direct exports, 
of which the following are the values— 1S87, $n,7S2 ; 1S33, $8,932; 1S39, %i\\ 1S40, $2,241; 1S41, $0; 1H42, $17,30(1; 1S43, 
I--.145 ; 1^44, $25,027 ; 1S45. $17,409 ; 1S46, $32.!)53 ; 1847, $26,950 ; 1S4S, $25,1171 ; 1^4^. $7'.f.73S ; an<l 1^50, $iyO,9S7. TIic 
sliip))ing owned in the collection district of Louisville in 1850 amounted to 14,520 tons— Ihe whole navigated by steam 
p'lwer, and employed in river navigation. Thirty-four steamboats were built iu the State during the year cudiug 30LU 
June, 185(1, and these had an aggregate burden of 6,401 tons. 

Internal Canwiuniratum. — Kentucky is bountifully supplied with navigable waters, and in all its great rivers import- 
ant improvements liave been made by locks, dams, and canals. The principal of these arc the works on the Kentucky, 
Green, Licking, and Big Sandy Ilivers; and the Portland and Louisville Canat. overcoming the falls of the Ohio at 
L&uisville, properly belongs to this State. This work, although less than three miles in length, is one of the most important 
improvements in the West; it is 50 feet wide at the top, and admits the passage of the largest river steamers. The fall 
beiween Ihe two points at which it joins the river is 22t feet, which is overcome by four locks. Almost the whole line is 
excavated out of solid limest«,ne, and was completed in 1S33 at a cost of about $1,200,000. The cost of the improvenienU 
en Ihe four interior rivers above mentioned amounted to $2,133,580. Kentucky has also an excellent system of turn- 
pikes, and recently has commenced to build plank-roads. With regard to railroads, as yet about 130 miles only luive 
been completed ; but there are several vitally important works of this description in a state of forwardness, an<l which 
will lie completed within the next two years. Of these the principal are the Kentucky portion of the Mobile and Ohio 
v.. K., Uie Nashville and Henderson 11. K., the Louisville and N;ishville R. R., the Covington and Lexington K. ll„ the 
Maysville and Lexington li. I'., and several others pointing to the south and south-east, ti> the Gulf of Mexico and the 
ports of the Atlantic; and the Maysville and Big Sandy B. B., which will connect with the lines terminating at Kich- 
mond, Petersburg, and Norfolk in Virginia. Upward of 600 miles of these projected lines are now (January, 1S53) in 
process of construction, and a considerable length of the whole contemplated has been surveyed and partially located. 
The several railroads named (and others, no doubt, there are), when in full steam, will have a mighty effect nn Ihe inter- 
ests of llie State, even as local channels of trade; but when their importance to the North and South, being links in the 
great chains in those directions, is considered, their rery existence becomes the lever of all conncclion between the two 
divisions of the Union. In this point of view, Kentucky to the West of the mountains, and New Jersey to the East, are 
on a par, both essential to the building up of a national system of roads to connect the extremes of the country. The 
influence of these roads, even in the prospective, is well illustrated in the rapid advance in the value of property. In 
1845 the assessment roll amounted to $228,488.101 ; in 1850 it amounted lo $299,331,465; and in 1851 it had increased lo 
$317,082,604: or in the latter year, which was one of great projects in matters of internal improvement, the increase 
amounted to $17,751,139, or about 6 per cent. Such facts as these are lessons applicable to every State and to every indi- 
vidual who has at lieart tiie advancement of his couniry in wealth and prosperity. 

Binit'^\ *;/•■— In January, 1>51. Kentucky had 5 banks and 21 branch banks; the Sa7il: of Kentncly (houhvlWe), has 
branches at Bowling fireen, Dansville, Frankfort, Greenburg, llopkinsville, Lexington, and M.iysville; the I'drniers^ 
Jiiivl- of K<'7Hnc7i-ij (Frankfort) has branches at Covington, Henderson, Maysville, Mount Sterling, Princeton, and Somer- 
set ; the ^'wM.?/'ni>//;;/.v»^"yi'i'»/Hc^-7/ (Lexington), has branches at Covington, Louisville, Paris, and Kiclimond ; the S^utJi^ 
ern ULink nf Kentucky (Bussollville), has branches at Hickman, Owensboro, and Smithland ; and the Bank of Louisville 
has branches at Paducah and Flemingsliurgh. There are also other banks at Paducah, Covington, and Newport. At the 
date above referred to the aggregate statistics of all tlie banks and branchrs then existing, were as follows: LiahiHtif's — 
cjqjila! $7,536,927, circulation $7,613,(i75, deposits $2,3J3.007, ami due olher banks $1,250,5^9; and (/^.s*?.*— loans and dis- 
coimts $12,.50G,305, stocks $694,902, real estate $419,070, other investments $440,127, due by other banks $2,451,155, notes 
of olher banks $550,879, and specie $2,791,351. 

Gonfivnmt'vt, dr. — The present constitution of Kentucky was adopted in convention on the lllh June, 1850, au'l was 
subsequently ratified by the people by a vote of 71,503 in favor lo 20,302 against it. The first Slate constitution ^\ as framed 
in 1790, and a second in 1799 

Every free white male citizen. 21 years of age, resident in tho State two years, or in the county, town, or city one year 
next preceding tho election, has the right of su^nige, but he shall have been for 60 days a resident of the precinct ia 
which he offers his vote. The general election is held on the 1st Monday of August. All votes arc given vim voce. 

The Lcgi.sltiture consists of a Senate and House of Bepreaentatives. Senators, thirty-eight in number, are chosen in 
siiiffle districts, one-half the number biennially, and at the time of election must be citizens of the United Slates, thirty 
ye:irs of age, and resi<lent in the State six Tear«i, and in the district one year next preceding the election; and representa- 
tives, one hundred in number, are chosen from single districts for two years, and must be twenty-four years of age, and 
resident of the Slate for two years— the last year of the district. Bepresentation depends on the nundn-r offjualified 
voters. In 1S57, and every eight years thereafler, a census is to be taken, and represcnlalion apportioned accordingly. 
TUe aessioDs of the Legislature are biennial, commencing 1st November (odd years). No session is lo continue more than 

847 



KENTUCKY. 



sixty days, unless prolongation ia a^reod upon by two-tliirds of all the members eloetod to both brnnchcs of the Legisla- 
ture. Teachers of rclipon, and persons holding offices of profit under the State or llie United States, are ineligible ; and 
members during tht-ir term, and for a year thereafter, can not be appointed or elected, except by tlie people, to any civil 
office of profit in the State created, or tJie pay att;iehed to which is increased during such term ; nor are collectors of tho 
public mnnevs eligible, unless six months before the election their aecoimts are closed and settled. The Legislature can 
not grant divorces, or change of names, or sales of estates of persons under legal disal)ilities, nor change the venue in any 
criiTiinal or penal prosecution by special legislation, but by genera] laws shall confer such powers upon the courts. 

The governor and lieutenant-governor are chosen quadrennially by a plurality of votes; Uiey must be thirty-live years 
of age, citizens of the United Stales, and inhabitants of the State for the six years next prece<ling the election. The gov- 
ernor is not eligil)le for two consecutive terms: he enters upon office the tlfih Tuesday after the general election, and 
continues in office until his successor lias Uiken the oath of office. He grants pardons, etc., and may veto a bill, but a 
majority of all the members elect of both houses negatives his objections, and the bill becomes law. The Iieuten;iiit- 
governor is fitjc-nffieio President of the Senate, icith Vie right to dfhate and vot^, and when there is a tie to throw a 
easting vote ; and if the office of governor become vacant he, and after him the Speaker of the Senate, shall act as gov- 
crnnr if the vacancy occur after the first two years of the gubernatorial term— if before, the people fill the vacancy. 

The admiviMrative officers of the government are — a Secretary of State, appointed by the governor ; and the people 
elect a State Treasurer for two years, and an Auditor of Public Accounts, a llegister of tho Land Office, an Attomey- 
genend, and oilier inferior officers for four years. 

The Jiif/i'-l<iri/ consists of a Court of A])peals. Circuit Courts, and County Courts. At Louisville there is a separate 
Chancery Court. The Court of Appeals has appellate jurisdiction only; the judges are elected for eight years by the 
people in districts, one every two years, and the judge having the shortest period to serve is chief justice. The judges 
must have been eight years practicing lawyers, and must be resident citizens, etc. Any three of the judges may consti- 
tute a court for the transaction of business. Circuit courts are established in each county, and for the election of judges 
of these courts the State is divided into twelve judicial circuits, each of which elects a ju<ige to sen'c for six years. Thero 
is also a County Court in each county, consisting of a presiding judge and two associates, elected for four years, any two 
of whom may transact business. There are also in each county two justices of the peace, to hold office for four years. 
Attorneys for the Commonwealth, clerks of courLs, surveyors, coroners, jailers, and assessors arc elected in their several 
circuits, dislriets. or counties, and their terms of office are the same as that of the presiding judge of the circuits, districtrt, 
etc. Kach county elects a sheriff for two years, and each justice's district a constable. 

" A commif^sion to revise and arrange the statxite law of the State, and another to prepare a code of practice, civil and 
criminal, shall be appointed by the Assembly at its first session." 

Regarding slaren/^ the constitution provides that no laws shall be passed for the emancipation of slaves without the 
consent of their owners, or without paying the owners, prior to emancipation, a full equivalent, and providing for their 
removal from the State. Owners of slaves may emancipate them, saving the riglils of creditors. Immigrants to the State 
may bring their slaves with them, but slaves are not allowed to be introduced as merchandise, nor under any circum- 
Btnne.es slaves imported into the ITnton since .Taimary 1st, 17S9. Masters must treat their slaves humanely, or the slaves 
shall be sold. Slaves shall not have the right of an inquest by the Grand Jury, but shall not be deprived of an impartial 
trial by a petit jury. Free negroes or mulatloes coming into or refusing to leave the State, are deemed guilty of felony, and 
may be sent to the Penitentiary. 

To amend the constitution, a mnjority of the members elect of each house muet, within tlie first twenty days of a 
rccrular session, vote to lay the matter tiefore the people, and at the next general election a majority of those entitled to 
vr.Ie for representatives, must vote therefor ; the Assembly, at its next regular session, must pass a vote to lay the matter 
figaiu before the people, and the majority of all the rotes, as before, must be given therefor, and then at its next session, 
the Assembly shall appoint an election for members to compose the convention, which shall consist of as many members 
ns there may be in the House of Representatives, and no more— such convention to meet within three months after eleo- 
tion for the re-adopting, amending, or changing the constitution. 

The SfdtT' ijiilitia of Kentucky, according to a return of 1S51, consists of Sl.S-IO men of all arms, of which 4.50.5 are 
coinmissi'med I'fTicers. an<l 77,0-5 non-cnmmissioned officers, musicians, artificers, and privates. Of the commissioned 
officers -13 are general officers, 14o general staff officers, 1.65S field officers, and 3,4.59 company officers. According to the 
constitution, all free white, able-bodied male persons in the State, between IS and 45 years of age, except such as are by 
law exempt, compose the militia of the State, and elect their own officers. 

The principal State institxitions for the relief of the unfortunate are — the Lunatic Asylum, at Lexington, which, on 
the 1st Jjinu.try, 1S5I>, had 3fi6 inmates; the Deaf and Dumb Asylum, at Danville, which had at the same date 4S pupils ; 
and the Instituti<m for the Blind, at Louisville, which had 3S pupils, A second Lunatic Asylum, at Ilopkinsville, is 
nearly completed, 

Fivances, Public Deht, etc. — Tho ordinary receipts into the treasury for the year ending 10th October, 1S51, amounted 
to $738,215 .*)"2, and the ordinary expenditures for the same year to $733,(*5S 40 — excess of income (includincr balance 
fr-im 1S.50), $4,^02 19. The value of taxalde property in 1S51 was $317,0S-i',fi04— increase since l^'iO. $17,751.1:^9. Tho 
rate of taxation is 17 cents on every $100 worth of property (10 cents for the ordinary expenses. 5 cents for the sinking 
ftind. and 2 cents for the school fun<l). The objects of taxation arc — gcmral : land, 19,S4.%G72 acres, valued at 
$14(5,477.116; town lots, 34,357— $S5.742,374 ; slaves, 196.1SS— $6S.(J5G.217 ; horses. 832,998— $12,6r.S,510; mules. 49.094— 
$2,264,<t09 : jeimies. 2.476— $174,953 ; stores, 3,71 S— $9.362.457 ; surplus cash, bonds, etc.. $39,092,992 ; and xperiflr : car- 
riages and barouches, 3,46S — tax $1 each ; buggies, 4,679— tax 50 cents each ; pianos, 1.S33— tax $1 each ; gold spt-ctacles, 
1,422 — tax 50 cents each ; gold watches, 6,943— tax $1 each ; silver lever watches, 3.05S — Tax 50 cents each : studs, jacks, 
and bulls. 2.357 — taxed $5,636. Total white males over 21 years old who pay a poll tax for coimifj pni-posfs, 157,410. 

The public debt has been chiefly contracted for the purjioses of internal improvement. In 1>^29 so economically had 
the government been administered, that there was a surplus in the treasury of some $200,0ii0. This was distributed 
among the counties, and applied to internal improvements ; and stimulated by the resulting benefits and the " new impulse" 
which had sei7.e<l upon the adjoining stjites, Kentucky, in 1?85, borrowed $1.000,n00, to be expendi-d also on turtipiko 
roads, of which the country was then woefully deficient : other sums were subsequently borrowed, to be applied in tho 
same way, foriurnpikes, for railroads, and for locking, and damming, and creating slaekwater navigation in the Kentucky, 
Green, and Licking rivers. For these purposes, also, a large share of the school fund was appropriated, for which tho 
State now pays interest. The entire debt on the Ist January, 1S52, was $5,728,807 SO, composed as follows : debt to 
SIS 



KENTUCKY. 



indivicliials. $4.'J4",537 40; to SoullR-rti Baiik of Kentiieky for stock, $150,000; to wliat is known as the CraUd'jck Fiiml, 
$'2,000; and to Board of Education, :f].320,T7u 40. To pay the interest and principal of this debt, the Slate has a sinking 
fund, the receipts into wiiioli, in 1S51, \vero $531,044 54, and the expenditures were $506,445 OG— excess of receipts, 
$24,5S9 4S. The sources of income to this fund are — a lax from banks and dividends on stocks in the same, preniiunis 
on State bonds, dividends on stocks in turnpike-roads, dividends for slack water improvements, of 5 cents on $100 worili of 
property listed for taxation, tax on brokers and insurance companies, excess of ordinarj- revenue at the end of uaili 
fiscal year over $5,000. The interest on the Stale debt has been punctually paid and some portion of the principal- 
Kentucky stocks are always held at a larice premium in the markets. 

Federal liepre^entatian. — Kentucky, in accordance with the ratio of apportionment adopted by the act of 23d il ay, 
1S50. sends 10 representatives to the national legislature. 

Kilucation. — The school fund in Deceniber, ISol, amounted to $1,400,2ZO, consisting of State and bank stock, an<l 
besides Una the 2 per cent, tax, bel'ore named, is devoted to school purjto^es. The cuninion sehocils are under a s^njiirin- 
lendent of public instruction, elected by the people for four years. Accnrding to his exhibit at the above date 99 eouiui.s 
an<I 5 cilies and towns had made reports; the number of children reported as attending the district seliools was 1^6,111, 
and the average attendance was 74,343. Money distributed to the reporting counties, cities, and towns $111,666 60, the 
same having been paid from the interest on the pt.:rnianent fund and 2 per cent. tax. These statistics embrace only the 
schools connected with the State sjstem ; the number of children in the State between the ages of 5 an<l 16 years was 
205,755, many of whom are doubtlessly alten<ling the numerous private schools and academies wliieh exist in every part 
of the State. The priTicipal collegiate institutions in the State are— Transylvania University, at Lexington, founded 179S 
— in 1850 it had 7 professors, 610 alumni, and 40 students, and its library contained 14,000 volumes ; St. doseph's College, 
at Eardstown, founded 1829 (Catholic)— in 1S50 it had 15 professors. 196 alumni, 155 students, an<l a library of 5,0i!n vol- 
umes; the Center College, at Danville, founded 1S20 — in lS5i) it had 7 professors, 363 alumni, and 152 students, ami 5.5(i0 
volumes in its library; Augusta College (Methodist), at Augusta, founded lS2o — in ISoO it had 4 professors, Go alumni, 
51 students, and a library of 2.500 volumes ; Georgetown College (Bajttist), at Georgetown, founded 1S40— in iS'iO it liad 
1 prof.-.ssors, SO alumni, and 60 students, and a librarj' of 6,500 volumes; Bacon College, at Ilarrodshurg, f(»uniied ISSti— 
in 1850 it had 5 professors and 75 students, and its library contained 1,300 volumeti ; "Western Military Inslitutr, at Dn-n- 
non Springs, founded 1547 — in 1S50 it had 10 professr)rs and 150 students, and a library of 1,000 volumrs; and Shelby 
College, at Shelby viUe— in 1S50 it had 4 professors and 93 students, and a library of 4,000 volumes; the "WestL-rn Bai)l)sl 
Theological Institution, at Covington. w:is founded in 1S40, and in ISoO had 4 proll ssors and IS students, and a library 
of 2,000 volumes. There is a law school attached to the University at Lexington, and anotiur to that of Louisville- both 
have 3 professors, and the former had in 1S50 75 students and the hitter 52 students. Medical schools are also attached 
to these universities— that attached to Transylvania University was founded 1S18, and in 1S50 had 7 professors, 214 
students, and 1,351 graduates, and that to Louisville University, founded 1837, 7 profissors, 376 students, and 53 graduates. 
The law and medical schools of the University of Louisville are its most flourishing and important departinenta. 

PuUic LibraHtS.— One State lil)rary, 9.000 volumes; one social library, 3,500 volumes; ten college libraries, .37.150 
volumes; ten students' libraries, 7,190 volumes; three academic and professional libraries, 4,000 volumes; one library of 
scientific and historical society, 1,500 volumes ; one public school library, 1,100 volumes ; total, 27 libraries, 63,440 volumes. 

Periodical Press,— Tha whole number of periodicals published in Kentucky in 1S50 was 64, of which 27 were news- 
papers devoted to whig and 12 devoted to democratic iirinciples, the remainder being devoted to neutral politics, 
literature, religion, etc. Of the total number, 9 are published daily, and circulate at each issue an aggregate of 2S,1GS 
copies; 5 tri-weekly (1,.956 copies); 4 semi-weeklies (4,000 copies); 41 weekly (21,412 copies); 1 semi-monthly (.5,000 
copies): and 7 monthly (5,150 copies). The monthly publications are— the "Methodist Monthly," at Frankfort; the 
"Baptist Keview," the "Ciceronian Magazine," the ''Examiner," and the "Medical Journal," at Louisville; the 
"Gazette," at Covington, and the " Delphian Oracle," at Georgetown College. The principal daily news])apcrs are— 
the "Democrat," '•Journal," "Advertiser," " Courier," "Journal of Commerce," published at Louisville. Daily papers 
also published at Covington, Lexington, and Frankfort. 

Pdigious De7imni7iatiuns.^T:hestaiis,\.k3 of tho severid religious denominations in 1S50, according to the census of that 
year, were as follows : 



Denoniina- 


Nt>. of 


Ct.irrl, 


Value of 


Petiomina- No. of 


rimnli 


V^hieof 


Denomiiia- No of 


CIlLXl. 


V.nlue ..r 


nous. CI 


urrlies. 


Ri 1 (':il. 


Prnperl)-. 


tion-'. CliUfTlies 


aciotii. 


Prcpt-rly. 


tioiih Cliur.-lies. 


jiL-.i.in. 


IT,,,.,-,-,,. 


Baptist 


-89 . 


29(l,4f.O . 


. $5TI,6.\5 


Gcr'n Kef. . — .. 


— . 


. $- 


I:. Catholic. iS .. 


24,240 . 


. .*S36.910 


Christian . . . 


112 . 


4S,0-10 . 


. 105,726 


Jcwij^li 1 .. 


600 . 


. 1S,000 


Swedenb'g. — .. 


— . 


— 


CoDgreirat'l. 


— .. 


_ 


_ 


Lutheran... 5.. 


2,S50 . 


21.300 


Tunker .... 1 . . 


200 . 


200 


Dutch Kef.. 


— ., 


— 


— 


Mennonite . — .. 


— . 


— 


Vnion 31 .. 


11,000 . 


. IS.OiiO 


Episcopal . . 


17 .. 


',050 . 


. 112,150 


Methodist.. 522 .. 


167,SC0 . 


4S2,ti55 


Unitarian.. 1 .. 


7011 . 


. m.oiio 


Free 


Si .. 


6,T7r . 


. la,l)00 


Moravian . . — ■ .. 


— . 


— 


rniversalist 6 .. 


2,0111) . 


. VkKO 


Friends 


— .. 


— . 


— 


I'resbytcr'n. 223 .. 


99,000 . 


. 492,503 


Minor Sects 31 .. 


8,C50 . 


. 27,150 



Making a total of 1,S1S churches, having accommodation for 072,003 persons, and clmrch property valued in cnsh at 
$2,250,998 ; or 1 church, accommodating 370 persons, to every 540 inhabitanL<*, and valued as properly at $1,2 (3. Ken- 
tucky is a (Uoce-^e of the Protestant Episcopal Church, and also constitutes the Binnan Catholic diocese of Ltmisville. 

Pait/pcrUvn and Crime.— Thu whole number of paupers who received support within the year ending 1st June, 1S50. 
■was 1,126. of which number 971 were native born, and 155 foreigners ; and the whole number on tlie paui)er list nt that 
date was 777, of which 690 were natives and ST fort-igners. Cost of support for the year, $57,513. The whole numlK-r 
of convicts in the Slate Penitentiary, on the 1st December, 1>50, was 159-10 more than were incarcerated at liie .s;fme 
period of the year 1849. 

Mstoi'ical SA-et<;h.—lt was not until the middle of the eighteenth century that the white man's p)0t-i)rln(, w.as traced 
in Kentucky. The region was one great hunting-ground and battle-field for the snvnges of the North and South. Among 
the earliest American explorers were Boone and Knox, and these, afler incredible jK-rils, rdurni'd to Viririnia and Caro- 
lina, spreading everywhere the fame of tho backwoods. Then came Bullitt, Harrod, and Ucndcrson. The foundation 
of Booncsboro' was laid by Daniel himself, who had brought to the banks of the Kentucky the first white women— lus 
wife and daughter. Kenton, CuUow.ay, and Logan arrived next. Kentucky was now made a county of Virginia, and in 
1777 the first court was held at Harrodsburg. 

349 



KENTUCKY. 



A review of the political hislury of Kentucky presents but few prominent landmarks. The war of Ihc Kcvolutioa 
closed, but left the Kcntuckian in constant danger of Indian outrage. The citizens assembled at Danville, which became 
afterward famous for conventions west of the mountains, and soon came to the conclusion thai the government at Rich- 
mond was too far distant to be relied upon for the means of defimding the scanty settlements from the savage. Two 
other conventions at Danville recommended a peaceable and constitutional separation from Virginia. The third con- 
Tcntion sent a petition to Kiehmond, and in 17S6 an act was passed complying with the desires of Kentucky; but from 
several causes tlie separation was not completed, chiefly from a disinclination of the people to bind themselves to the old 
confi'deration, and for some time after this period the Kentuckian sought to obtain an independent nationality. A fourth 
convention at Danville only served to inflame more and more the minds of the people against the Central Government, 
and a report having become current that Mr. Jay had ceded the navigation of the Mississippi River to Spain, the utmost 
ill-fueling was the consequence. A flith convention met, and on petition, a delegate to Congress was allowed by Vir- 
ginia ; but the Constitution having been adopted, Congress turned over to the now govertmient all action upon the claims 
of Kentucky. The whole Slate was again in ferment at this delay, and at this early period the refusal of Congress was 
attributed by able minds to the jealousy of New England of any increase of Southern power, and this jealousy was 
expected to continue under the new government 

Taking advantage of this state of tlungs in the "West, Spain proposed clandestinely through her minister peculiar com- 
mercial favors and facilities to Kentucky if she would erect herself into an independent government. These propositions 
ba<l the effect of disturbing the pnSlic mind, and the risk of a severance from the Union was imminent. But a sixth and 
seventh convention were held at Danville ; and though party politics ran high in the debates, constitutional measur(i3 at 
length prevailed, and an address to Congress was moved and voted. Two more conventions were subsequently held, and 
the qviestion was determined by Kentucky Ijecoming a separate territory in 1790, and its admission into the Union on 
the 1st June, 1792. 

Indian wars continued frequent on the frontiers, and complaints of the inefficiency of the federal powers vrerc again 
heard. The whisky tax also became opiiressivc, and the American policy toward the French Republic was denounced 
in every cabin. Enthusiasm was at its height, and the agents of the mad minister Genet were received in triumph 
throughout the "West. It was even proposed to raise troops in Kentucky to make a descent on New Orleans. Democratic 
clubs were extending everywhere, and even the governor did not scruple to write to the Secretary of State, " I shall feel 
but little inclination in restraining or preventing my fellow-citizens, etc., to gratify or remove the fears of a minister of a 
prince ■who openly withholds from us an invaluable right, and who secretly instigates against us a savage and cruel 
enemy." The old idea of independence was again mooted, but the storm passed over. 

In the ten or twelve years wliich succeeded, and which included the period of negotiation for the navigation of (he 
Mississippi, and then for the purchase of Louisiana, Kentucky was again destined to be agitated to her very centre. The 
treaty of 1795 with Spain gave to the United States the right of deposit at New Orleans, and the freedom of the river. 
Pending the negotiations, the Governor'of Louisiana had approached some leading Kentuckians, with the view of a 
different treaty, but action on these premises was stayed by federal interference, and the faithlessness of the Spaniard was 
soon made evident. Seven years now passed in comparative quiet and prosperity, when the whole nation was excited by 
the intelligence that the Spaniards had violated the treaty by a denial of the right secured by the treaty of 1795, and it 
became known that even Louisiana itself had been retroceded to France. 

TliL* purchase of Louisiana by the United Stales woula forever have composed the turbulent elements of the "West but 
for the appearance there, at that period, of a man wlmse genius was of the most profound character, whose popularity 
had been wide, but whose career and ambition had been prematurely arrested. Aaron Burr was prepared for any great 
and desperate enterprise, and the "West seemed to promise the widest field for his abilities. What the designs of Burr 
really were, has never, perhaps, been fully divulged. The probability is, they have been exaggerated; nor can any 
faith be placed in Eaton's story about the assassination of the President, the corru])tion of the navy, and the violent over- 
throw of Congress. Thirty years after this, when on his deathbc<i, Burr solemnly denied these treasonable designs. The 
policy, if not the ambition or virtue, of Burr was opposed to such a course. The material that he could rely on was en- 
tirely in the West; and within the bounds of a not very clearly ascertained national policy or duly at that period, an army 
of adventurers might be found to precipitate themselves upon the Spanish colonies of the South-west, and entirely revo- 
lutionize them. The success of the citizen Genet, a few years before, evinced this, but now the times were even riper, as 
the Spanish troops, in the first heart-burnings of Spain after the cession to Bonaparte, had been ordered to our frontier, 
and an American army, under Gen. TVilkinson, was ready to check their advance. "War with Spain was daily expected. 

This Southern empire, or republic, which loomed up so magnitlcenlly in the mind of Burr, was not intended to dispossess 
Spain ; only a part— it is diflRcult to say how much — of the territory lately purchased by our own government, was to be 
included, certainly New Orleans. The result of these transactions, however, belong to general history, and hence, in this 
connection, may be passed over in silenee. Suffice it to say, that Burr was tried for treason, but though acquitted, 
the stuiu of tlie imputation cast on his patriotism has never been effaced ; and to our own times, and in every schnol. his 
treoson and its consequences are held before the youth of our land as a warning to their ambition. Tlie lesson thus 
taught, however, seems to have little effect, else the extension of the area of freedom would still be more limited than it 
l3 found to be ; in fact, the dream of Burr has become a real existence ; and what he coveted — Louisiana, Texas, New 
Mexico, and California — are parts and parcels of the Union. Burr's great fault, then, appears to be, that he was in ad- 
vance of the times in which he lived. 

Kentucky took an active part in the war of 1S12. "When the United States proclaimed against Great Britain, the war 
was hailed with acclamation, and supported with znal by the inhabitants. When the news of the surrender of General 
Hull reached the State, it excited no feelings but those of a warmer enthusiasm in the cause. The whole quota of the 
State, c(msisting of upward of 5,000 men, was composed of volunteers, and was called into active service. In addition 
to these a force of mounted volunteers was raised, and at one lime upward of 7,000 Kentuckians are said to have been 
in the field. So universal was the desire to share in the dangers and glories of the war, that the executive authority was 
obliged to interpose, to limit the numbers. During this period the chair of the State government was filled by Isaac 
Shelby, a hero of the Revolutionary War, who, .at an advance*! age, manifested the same enterpri^ie and bravery that had 
gained him an honorable distinction in the battle of King's Mountain. At the battle of Frenclilown, and the barbarous 
massacre that followed it, many of the best citizens of Kentucky were destroyed ; and the impetuous, but ill-regulated, 
courage of her militia at the unfortunate attempt to relieve Fort Meigs, proved fat.al to a largo body of her troops. 

Since the termination of this war by the treaty of 1S15, the history of Kentucky is undisturbed by any sturing events. 
S30 



KEN 



KEW 



II, nro.^ress has been rapid, an.l the development of the country in agriculture and other national mJustr.es has occn, k 
the m°nd?or the people in preference t., warfare and strife. True, the «ar ^ith Mexico «as engaged m by man, of ,13 
lestd^ens but the scene of action was too far distant to affect the fortunes of the State. This happy termmation o ho 
feulTnd fl-lit^ of the first periods of its history, has resulted in Kentucky becoming one of the wealthiest and mos^ 
prosperous slates of the Union, and in many respect she stands conspicuous tts an example of wisdom and patriotism 
for the instruction of future political communities. 
Fraskfoet, on the Kentucl;y Kivcr, is the political ciipitol of the Slate. 



Kestcckt river, Ky. : one of the largest and most impor- 
tant triljutaries of the Ohio Eivcr, from which the State de- 
rives its name, has three principal sources, by the north, 
middle, and south forks, which unite in Owsley co. The 
most remote source Is that of the north fork in Letcher eo., 
but aU three are in the Cumberland Jlountains. The length 
of the river to the junction is 200 ni., and in a direct line only 
lOS m. ; its general course being S". W. The navigation of 
this river has liecn improved Ijy a system of dams and locks, 
creating slackwater, and alTording a least depth of six feel, 
to the confiuence of the forks. There are 17 dams and 17 
locks, giving a rise of 20 to 25 feet each. The locks are li3 
feet lon», and 3S feel wide, allowing boats of heavy t(mnage 
to pass. The whole oscent is 210 feet. For beauty and 
grandeur of scenerv, the river is not surp.assed by any in 
America, excepting the Hudson. For a great part of its 
course it runs through a deep channel in lime-rock, as it 
were worn bv attrition. Coal is f.^und in its banks at sev- 
eral localities', and a species of marble is found which is ca- 
pable of a fine polish. 

KEXT0CKVV1LI.E, p. o., Susquchanua CO., Pmn. : 120 m. 
N. N. E. Ilarrisburg. 
Kknvon, p. o., Jackson CO., Ark. : CT m. N. E. Little Kock. 
Keokck eountv, la Situate S. E. celitraUy, and con- 
tains 570 sq. m. brained by N. and S. forks of Skunk r., 
which unite in the S. E., and in the N. by S. fork of English 
r., a branch of Iowa r. Surface rolling or almost level. 
Soil a sandy loam of great fertility, producing all the cereals 
in aliundancc, and ll«ding large dairies. It has excellent 
wator-power. Farms 320 ; manuf. 12 ; dwell. 820, and pop. 
— wh. 4.322, fr. col. 0— total 4,S22 Capital : Lancaster. 

KnOKn;, p. v.. Lee co., la. : on W. hank of Mississippi r. 
(at tlie foot of the Lower Eapids), 3 m. above the confluence 
of DCS Moines r., SO m. S. by E. Iowa City. It has a good 
landing and levee. The main body of the town Is built 
back upon the bluff, which is nearly level. It stands upon 
a basis of limestone rock, of the finest quality, affording in- 
exhaustible supplies for buUding. Tlie setdement of this 
place was originally owing to the existence of the "Lower 
rapids" of the Mississippi r., at the fo.)t of which it is situ- 
ated. These are eleven miles in length, running over a 
lunestonc bed. The faU in that distance is 24 feet. Hence, 
at low water, steamboats are compelled to hero discharge 
their frei"lit, towing it over the rapids with lighters. A 
company has been incorporate.! to build a canal around 
the^e rapids, sutliclent to pass large steamers. The water 
of the canal will also be used for machinery. The locality 
of Keokuk, at the confluence of the Des Moines r., makes 
it the depdt, and entrep6t of the fertile vaUey of the Ucs 
Moines which contains more than Iialf the population and 
a.rricultural wealth of the State. Top., in ISHO, was about 
160; inlS45,4C0; 1S.W, 2.773; 1S52, 3,903. The town eon- 
tains 2 steam flour-mills, 3 steam saw-mills, 2 large found- 
ries, between SO and 90 stores, several hotels, a good market, 
and steam-ferry. The number of steamboat arrivals in 
ISol and 1S52, was 1,590. Here is the Medical Department 
of the St.ite University, which is weU endowed, and has 
7 professorships. There are churches, 1 hospital, 3 acade- 
mies, 3 public schools, 3 select schools. The newspapers 
are "The Keokuk Dispatch" (dem.), "Whig and Kegistcr" 
(whig), a medical journal, and a temp, newspaper. 

KEosii3Qt!A, p. v., and cap. Tan Burcn CO., la.: on the 
N. or lea bank of Des Moines r., CO m. 8. S. W. of Iowa 
citv. It contains the C. II., jaU, etc., numerous stores, and 
about 600 inhabitants ; and is a place of shipment for a fer- 



Ule and extensive district of country. Tho " K. Jeffcrsonian" 
(dem.) is published weekly. 

Kepkee's p. 0., SchuyUdll co., Penn.: 63 m. N. E. Ilar- 
risburg. 

KEENEEevnxE, p. 0., Forsyth co., If. Car. : 94 m. W. N.W. 
Ealeigh. 

KsExTrrevnxE,p.o.,Jcfl'ersoneo., rirg.nii m.N. by W. 

Eichmond. 

Keeu's Ceeek, p. 0., Eockbridge county, n-ff.: 112 m. 
W. by N. Eichmond. 

Kerb's 3TOEE,p. o., Clarion CO., Penn. : 144 m. N. W. by W. 
Ilarrisburg. 
Keesev's, p. o.. Elk CO., Peim. .-118 m. N. W. Harrishurg. 
Keesiiaw district, 5. Car. Situ.ate N. E., and contains *i3 
sq. m. Lynch's cr., a branch of Great I'cdee r., forms its N. E. 
line, into which Little Lynch cr. flows, -ffatereo r. flows 8. 
through the W., and has many small tributaries. Surfaco 
diversified ; soil on the streams of great fertility, the higher 
lands are somewhat sandy, but are all productive. Corn is 
the chief agricultural product. It has good pastures, on 
which are fed large numl)ers of cattle and sheep. Its 
water-power is large and important. Farms 38-3; manuC 
21 ; dwell. 92S, and pop.— wh. 4,0S1, fr. col. 214, si. 9,578— 
total 14.473. CapiUil: Camden, PMio Works: CamdcTi 
Branch E. E. 

Kesslee's, p. ti., Northampton county, Penn.: 94 m. 
N. E. by E. Ilarrisburg. 

Keswick Dei'Ot, p. o., Albemarle county, Tirg. : 03 ra. 
N. E. by E. Eiehmond, on the line of the Virginia Cenlrel 
E. E., 7 m. E. Charlottesville. 

Ketcuam'b Coe>ee3, p. o., Saratoga co., A' T. : 20 m. N. 
Albany. 

Kettle Ceeek, p. o., Potter co., Pnw. : 95 m. N. X. W. 
Uarrisburg. 

Kettle Ceeek, p. a, Monmouth co., K Jer. : on the 
creek so called, 30 m. E. 8. E. Trenton. 
Kewanha, p. o., Fulton co., Jiid. : SO m. N. Indianapolis. 
KEw-ABKra. p. 0., "Washington CO., Wise: 63m. E. N. E. 
Madison. 

Kewatjsee county, Wise. Situ.ate N. E., and contains 
342 sq. m. It lies on the neck of the peninsula between 
Green Bay and Lake Michigan, and is drained by East 
and West Twin rivers, Scarboro' r., and other small sireams. 
Surface uneven, and covereii Willi heavy limber ; soil litllo 
cultivated as yet. The county is but partially settled, and 
the timber business is the chief pursuit. Unorganized in 
1S50. Capital: Kewaunee. 

Kewaunee, v., p. t., and cap. Kewaunee co., Wi.v. : on 
the W. side of Lake Michigan, 137 m. N. E. Madison. 

Kewfjaw Penissitla, J/ic/i. .• a part of Houghton CO., 
projecting into Lake Superior from its southern shore. Its 
length is about 43 miles, with an average width of 15 miles. 
II il surrounded on the N. W., N., and E. by the lake, on 
the S. by Kewenaw Bay, and on the S. W. by Portage lake, 
leaving an isthmus, which is but a mile across, and is used as 
a portage by the Indians and traders, with whom it has been 
the custom, when arriving here, to transport on their backs 
their pellries and canoes to the opposite shore. The penin- 
sula is drainc.i by a trreat number of small sireams which 
afford ample hvdraulie power; and the same may be said 
of the whole coast of the mineral district of the trap root 
elevations, extending from Kewenaw Point to I resquo 
Isle river. The principal harbors are the Copper, Eagle, 
and Carp rivers, Kewenaw Bay, and Ontonagon river, 
which has a depth of six feet over the bar at tho en- 



KEW 



KEY 



trance. The pusi-oRices are, Algonquin, Kcwenuw Bay, 
Kurth-Wwl .Mine, i)ritonason, aiui I'eiunsuJa. The soil of 
the pcninsuln is rich, and very favorable for ccreiils, as the 
climate is eonipi'.nitively mild, on ticeimiit of I lie moderat- 
ing c'fl'ect of a large body of waler on three sides. At Fort 
AVilkins the nieteorolngiettl observatious instituted by order 
of the General Government, proved the menn temperature 
to be two degrees milder th:in at Tort Unidy, allhough the 
latter post is 60 miles farJher stnilh. The Hon. Truman 
Smith, who spent a sejison iu exniniiiatious of the mining 
country, pronounces it to be dceidedly more favorable for 
agriculture than large portions of New Kngland, including 
the northern part of Connecticut, Corn, potatoes, and sum- 
mer and winter grains have yielded fair returns. The 
princij)al mining o])eralions are for copper and iron, though 
gold, silver, lead, and other metids are found. The greater 
part of the copper is obtained i)ure in its native state, some 
containing a portion of silver. Masses are frequently raised 
of many hundred weight, and often give groat labor in their 
removal from the deep shales. The shipments of native 
copper and ore for the yearlSSO were equal to 4,000 tons of 
copper, and for l<bi equal to the consumption of the United 
Slates, or about 6,000 tons. The iron mines have been 
worked very extensively tlie past two years, and there are 
some 80 organized companies engaged in active operations 
in the vicinity of the celebrated iron mountains. The metal 
produced is remarkable for malleability, and peculiarly 
adapted to boiler plate and wire. By an act of the General 
Government piwsed Sept. 2Gth, 1S50, the mineral lands of 
fliis whole region were thrown into the market with the 
rights of pre-emj)tion as to occupants nf oihcr public lands ; 
and to occupants and Icsi^ees the privilege of purchasing 
one full section and no more, at the minimum price of 
$2 50 per acre. The State of Michigan, sent to the Wash- 
ington National Monument a block of native copper S feet 
long, 1\ feet wide, and 2 feet deep, polished, and, bearing 
Uiis inscription : 



PKOil 

MICHIGAN, 

" AN EMBLEM OF HEE TRUST IK TIIE TmnON.'' 



Kewenaw Bay, p. o., Houghton county, 2fich.: on 
Lake Superior, 836 m. N. N. W. Lansing. Kewenaw (or 
Kew-y-wee-non) Bay is an indentation of Lake Superior, 
on its southern shore. It is an inlet extending into the Upper 
Peninsula, dividing a peninsula of the same name on the N. 
from the mainland on the opposite side. 

Key Pout, p. o., Monmouth co,, N. Jer. t on a cove of 
Enritan Bay, 32 m. E. N. E. Trenton. Great efforts have 
been made of late years to bring this place into notice, and 
with some success. It is eligibly situated f>»r a port, and has 
excellent water accommodation. Tlie southern route of 
railroad to Xorfolk it is intended sliall commence here, and 
it is also the N. terminus of a plank road to Trenton and 
Philadelphia. SteamtioaLs run regularly to and ftom New 
York City — distance in a direct line, 24 miles. 

KETSBunon, p. o., Logan co., /w/. ; 15«) m. S.W. Frankfort. 

Keysbukgu, p. o., Pike colnity, III.: XI m. W. S. AV. 
Springfield. 

Kevsku's Bkipge, p. 0., Alleghany co., Md.: 176 m. 
W. N. W. AnnaiJOlis. 

Kevsi'okt, p. v., Clinton co., JU.: on the W, bank of 
Kaskaskia r., SI m. S. by E. Springfield. 

Key Stone, p. o., Peri^ county, Pain.: 23 m. "W. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Keystone, p. v., Jackson co., Ohio: on a branch of 
llaccoon cr., 69 m. S. S. E. Columbus. Here are extensive 
iron works. 

KnvsviLLB, p. v., Charlotte co., Tirg. : C6 m. S. W. by W. 
Kichinond. 
852 



Keytksville, p. v., and cap. Chariton co., ^to. : on the 
E, side of Muscle Fork of Chariton r., near its confluence, 
and about 15 m. from the Missouri r., 74 m. N. W. Jefferson 
City. 

Key West, p. v., port of entr>', and cap. Monroe co., 
Floi\ : on the island so called, about 4S0 m. in a direct 
S. S. W. line from Tallaliassee. Lat. 21o 82' N., and long. 
SP \V 80" W. The island is 4 ra. long by 1 m. in its widest 
part, and, including the &alt pond, contains 1I>7 acres. It is 
of coral formation, with little available soil, and very low 
and flat, nowhere 20 feet above the sea. Dogwood. Madeira- 
wood, mangrove, and some other species, cover the unoc- 
cupied parts, and the cocoa-nut, orange, and guava, flourish 
luxuriantly where they can find soil sufficient. The key 
was granted by the Spanish crown, some 40 years ago, to 
John P. Salas, and in Dec, 1S21, it was purchased of him 
by Col. Simonton, who took possession iu person on the 22d 
Jan., 1S32, and in the following April he erected thereon Iho 
flrsl small house. In April, 1S23, a custom-house was 
established here, and it was made a station for the Gulf 
squadron. In 1&32 it was made a military j)osI, but the 
barracks were not completed until 1S45. The buildings are 
large, airy, and commodious, and are placed on three sides 
of a quadrangle, the open side being toward the sea. Mrs. 
Mallory, mother of Senator Mallory, was the first wlute 
female that settled on the island. This was in 1>2:J, and for 
a long lime she was without a single companion of her sex. 
As pioneer matron of the place she was prcsentcsl witli a 
choice lot of land, on which she has erected a mansion, and 
now occupies it as a boarding-house. John Hallfck, now a 
printer in Washington City, was the first white child born 
on the key — this was in Aug. 1S20. From these small and 
recent beginnings, Key West has grown to be an imi)orttmt 
and prosperous place of about 2,000 inhabitants. It is the 
largest town in Florida, and in 1S50 contained a court-house, 
Jail, the latter a substantial stone building, SO feet square, tho 
U. S. District Court, which has cognizance of all wrecks 
and disasters, the Slate Circuit Court, the Marine Hospital, 
etc., and had 26 stores, 10 warehouses, 4 look-out cupolas, 4 
churches, 11 wharves, and 650 dwellings. Tho Marine 
Hospital is 100 feet by 45, in the shape of the letter H ; it is 
a handsome building, well ventilated, and commodioxw. 
The churches arc Episcopal, Baptist, Methodist, and Boman 
Catholic— small but neat buildings. There are 4 private 
schools, and 1 county school — the latter open free to tho 
fatherless only. Fort Taylor is situate at the N. W. angle 
of the island, within the main entrance to the harbor ; it is 
built on an artificial island, made by the deposit of many 
thousand tons of stone. It stands about 1,000 feet from tho 
shore, and is 700 feet long in the rear, and 250 deep. Tho 
front facade is 253 feet^wilhin the bastions, the curtains being 
of the same length as the front It is very substantially built, 
and has cost about $1,500,000. The harbor is capacious, safe, 
and easy of access. It may be enlarged by several different 
channels, the principal one being at the N. W. angle of the 
island — ships of 22 feet draft can enter therewith safety. It 
is the only port admitting such between Pensacola and 
Hampton Eoads. The principal business of Key West is 
wrecking, but numbers are employed in fishing, sponging, 
salt making, and other similar occupations. Wrecking is a 
business peculiar to the reefs, and a matter of the highest 
importance. (On ' this subject. Bee " Hunt's Merchants* 
^fagazine," for Jan., lSo2.) Sponges abound on the reefs, 
and the people are making a profitable business in gather- 
ing them. A large portion cf the population comes from 
the Bahama Islands, anil are called coucli-men, from their 
skill in diving, and the part of the city this class inhabits is 
called Couchtown. Many of the leading merchants are 
from New England. The position of Key West is impor- 
tant ; it is the K^ij of the United States to (he Florida Pass 
and the Gulf of Mexico; and hence it has been strongly 
fortified. The I.ight-house stands on the highest ground of 
the island, and can be seen 16 miles at sea : and there is a 



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lieht-ship nnebored on the reef al the W. enlnince of the 
harbor. ThtTe is also a siiljstiiiiliiil iron lighthouse on 
Sandy Key, U m. S. S. W. At Ihc K. p:irt ul' Iht- island 
there is a natuitil salt pond, from wliii-Ii :ji),000 Inishols of 
salt arc annually nianurat-'turcd. Tho sicaini'ra to Havanna 
and the Isthmus touch here re£;uhirly. ;iiui afford an oppor- 
tunity for visilinii; it, and convuyiufj to its siiiuiy shores and 
fine chmale the invaliri of the North. In l>oi', 00 vessels 
(S.728 tons) cleared, anri OS vessels (5.3TD tons) entere*! the 
port. S>hipping owned by residents, (}J(J(j tons, of which 
4.410 was registered tonna:-;e. Of the remaining t<inn;ige, 
27 vessels (1,539 tons) wore wreckers, and S vessels (720 tons) 
were engaged in coasting and the fisheries. 

Kkzae Falls, p. o., York co., JI'j. : 91 ra. S. S. W. 
Augusta. 

KioKAPOo, p. v., reoria i-o.. Iff. : GG m. N. Ppringfi'ild. 

KicKAPoo, p. o., And(-rson county. Tea'. : 15G m. N. E. 
Auslni City. 

KinnviLLFT p. o., Clark county, A'y.; 44 m. E. by S. 
Frankfort, 

Kinuoy, p. v., Cherokee Notion, IntL Ter. : on the "W. 
side of Sullivan cr., 17 m. aJwve its confluence with the 
Arkansas. Dwight mission station is located here, and also 
a floiu'ishing school for the education of Indian youtli. The 
stream is n.avigable for keel boats. 

KiORON. p. v., Coweta co., Get.: on a branch of Flint r., 
76 m. N. "W. Millcdgeville. 

KiLGAHE, p. v., Carroll co., W(. ; Ifi" m. E. N. E. Columbus. 

KiLLAMOOK river, Oretj. Ter.: a stream emptying into tlie 
Paeillc Ocean, in 45° 36' N. lat. Its sources are almost in- 
t<?rlocked with those of Tualatin and of the Willamefle. 

KiLLBorr.NE. p. o., Delaware CO.. OhinrlX m.N. Columbus. 

KiLi.BL'CK, p. o., Cattaraugus co., K. Y. : 25S m. W. by S. 
Albany. 

KiLLBTicK, p. o.. Ogle CO., 7?/. .• 1 C3 m. N. N. E. Springfield. 

Kii.LDi-cK, I. and p. o., Holmes co., o/i. : 6-t m. N. E. Crt- 
lumbns. Drained by Killbuck and its tribnian,' creeks, which 
are fine mill-streams. Surface diversified; soil deep and 
fertile. Oxford, on the E. side of Killbuck, is the principal 
vilhige. Pop. of 1 1.245. 

KnxiAN's Mills, p. o., Lincoln co., Al Car. : 1:34 W. by S. 
Ealeigh. 

Kii.LiNGLY. t. and p. v., Windham county. Conn.: 44 m. 
E. by N. lliirtford. Drained by Quinnebaug r. and its branch- 
es, which alford valuable mill-power. Surface uneven and 
rough ; soil generally adapted to grass — on the streara.s, very 
ftTtile. There are, besides the principal v., sever.al others, 
at which extensive nianiUactures are carried on. The Nor- 
wich and "Worcester II. K. .skirts the Quinnebaug in this t., 
and the New York and Boston (direct) II. R. will pass 
through its N. part. The manufactures of the t. consist 
chiefiy of cotton goods, but there are also numerous handi- 
crafts of minor importance. The " Windham County Tele- 
graph" (whig), is issued weekly. Pop. of t. AJAo. 

IviLUSGToN Peak, T'i^/vn. ;_ one of the highest culmina- 
tions of the Green JIoun(ai?i.*t. It is located in the S. jtart of 
Sherburne township, and has an elevation of 2,9"24 feet above 
tide-water. 

KiLLLVGwoKxn, t. and p. o., Middlesex co., Conn. : S2 m. 
S. by E. Hartford. Drained by liammonasset and Menuk- 
etesuck rivers, which enii>ty into Long Island Sound. Sur- 
face uneven — in the N. rough ; soil sandy and gravelly loam. 
It is a good fanning t., and has excellent dairies. Pop. 1,104, 

KiLMAUNorK, t, and p. v., Piscataquis co., Me. : 94 ra. 
N. N. E. Augusta. Drained by Piscataquis r., and several of 
its aflluents, one of which is the outlet of Otter Pond. Sur- 
face and soil adapted to grazing. The v. lies on the S. side 
of the Piscataquis, and has several mills, etc. Pop. of L ;J22. 

KiLMARNocE, p. v., Lancaster co., Virg. : on Chesapeake 
Bay, .^ m. E. by N. Richmond. It contains about 200 in- 
habitants. The vicinity is a fine timber region. 

KiLMiCDAEL, p. o., Choctaw county, J/w«. : G5 m. N. E. 
Jackson. 

W2 



Kimball's LANDrNG, De Soto par., La. : on the S. end of 
Bayou Piere Lake, 176 m. N. W. Baton Kouge. 

KiMuiniLiN, p. o,, Giles county, Vh-g.: 193 m. W. by S. 
Richmond. 

KisiBKBTON, p. v., Chester county, Penn. : C}9, m. E. by S. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Klmbolton, p. o., Guernsey county, Oh.: S3 ra. E. by N. 
Columbus. ' 

KiMULGA, p. o., Talladega co., Ala. : on the Coosa r., 83 
m. \V. Montgomery. 

KiNCANNOs's Fekuy, p. o., Mcigs county, T<.nn. : 120 ra. 
E. S. E. Nashville. 

KiNcARA, sta., Burlington eo.. A' Jn\: on the Camden 
and Arnb(>y P. P., 4 ni. W. of IliTdentown. 

Kinder, p. o., Uanei)ck comity, 2n<K : 26 m. E. by N. 
Indianapolis. 

KiNi>EimooK, p. v., Van Euren co., Arlc. : on the N. side 
of Little Rock r., 5S m. N. Little Pock. 

KiNoEruooK. p. v., Pike county, If/.: 77 m. W. S. W. 
SpringllrlJ. 

KiNDKRHuoK, t. an<i p. o.. Branch county. Mich.: OS ra. 
S. S. W. Lansing. Tlu-re are several small lakes in this 
town. pop. 356. 

KiNDF.RHOOK, t and p. v., Columbia co., K Y. : 16 m. S. 
Albany. Drained chiefly by Kinderiiook cr., an aflluent of 
tJie Hudson antl its numerous tributaries, one of which is the 
outlet of Fish Lake, and all afl^ord extensive water-i)0wer. 
Surface beautifully diversified ; soil sandy loam and clay, and 
highly cultivated. The village, h ra. E. of the Hudson r., and 
N. of the creek, contains about 1.500 inhabitants, and has 
numerous stores, etc. ; and a newspaper, the " K. ScnlineP' 
(dem.), is i>ublished weekly. About 2 m. S. of the village 
is Lindenwald, the residence of the venerable Martin Van 
Buren, ex-president of the United States; and there are 
several other villages. The manufactures of Uie t are con- 
siderable. Pop. 3,972. 

KrNDERnooK, p. 0., Lincoln co., Tenn.: 62 m. S. by E, 
Nashville. 

KiNiiEROooK, p. 0., "Washington county, Virg. : 243 in. 
W. by S. Richmond. 

King and Qurkn county, Virg. Situate E.. and contains 
337 sq. m. Mattopoiiy river forms its W. Iioundary, and 
Piankitank r. its S. E. Surface agreeably diversified, and 
in parts quite hilly. Soil generally fertile. Dragon Swamp, 
on the head of the Piankitank, has been drained, and 
aflbrds a large tract of diluvial soil of great depth and almost 
mcredible fertility. The crops of com grown on the same 
spot, year after year, are unsuri)as3ed in the Union. The 
staples of the co. are corn and wheat. Farms 502 ; manuf. 
; dwell. 892, and pop.— wh. 4,094, fr. col. 461, si. 5,7G1— 
total 10,319. Copikd : King and (iueen C. H. 

Kino and Queen CouRT-nousE, p. v., and cap. King and 
Queen co., Virg. : 33 m. E. N. E. Richmond. It is =ituato 
on a plain about 1 m. from M:itl,'ii)ony r., and contains a 
court-house, the co. jail, ,^nd about 70 or 80 iidiabitants. 

King Creek, p. o., Barnwell dist, S. Car. : S6 m. S. by W. 
Columbia. 

KiNGFiELD, t. and \>. o., Franklin county, 3f-'.: 4S ni. 
N. by W. Augusta. Drained by Seven Mile Brook, an 
affluent of Kennebec r. Surface generally hilly — in the W 
is Mount Abraham, a considerable elevation, from which 
the stream has its source ; soil of average fertility. The v. is 
a small settlement in the S. E. corner. It is a fine grazing 
country. Pop. of t. G62. 

KiXG George county, Virg. Situate N. E., and contains 
217 sq. m. It has Rappahannock river on the S. '\^^, and 
Potomac r. on the N. E., lying between them, and drained 
by small creeks fiowing into thcra. Surface broken, and in 
parts marshy ; soil of average fertility ; corn and wheat aro 
the staples. It has good timber. Farms 279; manuf. S: 
dwell. 526, an<l pop.— wli. 2,30;{. fr. col. 265, si. 8,403— total 
5.971. Cajnfal: King George C. H. 

Klng Geouoe CouKT-uoirsi:. p. v., and cap. King Georgo 

853 



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CO., Tirg.: about 2 m. from Un])paham]ock river, 61 m. 
N. by E. iiichiuond. It coalaitis a. court-house, jail, etc., 
and about 100 inliabiUnnls. 

Kino op 1'kusbia, p. o., Montgomery co., Penn, : S4 m. K. 
Harrisburg. 

Kings county, .V. r: Situate on the 'W. end of Long 
Island, aud contains 76 sq. m. It lias East r., Wallabout, 
Gowanus, and Xcw York hays on the W., and llio Atlantic 
and .lamaica Bay on the S. Its streams are all small. New- 
town cr., emptying into East r., is the largest. Surface near 
East r. hilly; S. is a sandy plain. Various ores of iron, 
porcelain clay, and peat are found in small quantities. Soil 
the best on the island, and under high cultivation. Its gar- 
dens are objects of great attention, and its fruit, especially 
grapes, very superior. Butter, potatoes, fruit, and market 
vegel;ibles are the principal farming products. The groat 
interests of the co. are manufacturing and commercial, and 
centre mostly in Brooklyn and Williamsburg. The chief 
manufactures are distilled liquors, cordage, iron ware, oils, 
oil-cloths, flour, leather, glass, etc. For particulars of these, 
and its commerce and ship-building, see Bbookltn and 
WiLLiAMSBUEO. Farms 363 ; manuf. 576 ; dwell. 15,809, and 
pop.— wh. 184,898, fr. col. S,9s4— total 138,882. Capital: 
Brooklyn. Ptthlio Works : Long Island E. P.. 

King's, p. o., Barbour county, Ala. : about 65 m. S. E. 
Montgomery. 

Kings Bench, p. o., Franklin county, Ga. : 104 m. N. 
Milled geville. 

Ki.NGSEERRY, t. and p. 0., Piscataquis county, 3/e. : 59 m. 
N. by W. Augusta. Drained by the heads of Piscataquis 
river, one of which rises from small lakes in the S. \V. part 
of the t., and the other from two others at tlie base of Kus- 
sell Mount, in the N. E. Surface diversifled ; soil well 
adapted to grazing and wheat-growing. Pop. of t. 181. 

KiNGSBonouGU, p. v., Fulton Co., W. Y. : 44 m. N. "W. 
Albany. It is a flourishing v. of some 400 inhabitants. 

Kings Bridge, p. v.. New York co., 2f. Y. : 121 m. S. 
Albany. The p. o. is at the bridge so called, which crosses 
Spuytcn Tuyvil creek, the dividing line between New Y"ork 
islaud and Westchester county. 

Kingsburt, p. v., Whitesides county, /a.- 12 m. from 
Albany, and 133 m. N. N. W. Springfleld. 

KiXGSBDRT-, p. o., Camberland co., X.Car. : 43 m. S. by W. 
Ealeigh. 

Kingsbury, p. v., Laporte county, l7i(t. : on a branch of 
Kankakee river, 122 m. N. by W. Indianapolis, and 6 m. 
fi*om Laporte. 

Kikgsbuet, t. and p. v., Washington co., iK i: ; 49 m. 
N. by E. Albany. Drained by Wood cr., which empties 
into Lake Champlain ; also by the Hudson r. on the S. W. 
angle. Surface gener.ally level; soil sand, clay, and sandy 
loam, well cultivated and productive. The village contains 
about 25 dwellings. The v. of Sandy Hill, the county seat 
of justice and scene of B. F. Butler's " Stated Preachings," 
is also in this town. Pop. 3,032. 

King's Creek, p. o., Caldwell co., y. Car. : 165 m.W. by N. 
llaleigh. 

KiNosEssiNG. p. t. and v., Philadelphia co., Penn. : 89 m. 
E. l)y S. Harrisburg, and T m. S. W. Philadelphia City. 
Schuylkill on the E., and Darby cr. on the W., bound it in 
those directions ; both flow into the Delaware on its S. bor- 
der: surface level; soil alluvial, and highly cultivated. In 
the Delaware are several islands belonging to the t., one of 
whicli, Mud Island, is the site of t^ld Fort Mifflin, noted for 
its protracted resistance to the British in 1777. On the Scliiiyl- 
kill is the botanical garden founded by the naturalist Bar- 
tram. Pop. of 1. 1,178. 

Kings Feeet, p. v., Cayuga co., Jf. Y. : 130 m.W. Albany. 
It contains about 40 dwellings. 

Kings Gap, p. v., Harris county, Oa.: 97 m. W. by S. 
Milledgeville. 

Kingsley's, p. o., Crawford co., Penn. ; 197 ra. N. W. by W. 
Harrisburg. 

854 



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s. w. 



King's Mills, p. o., Kane county, Ml.: 153 m. N. N. E. 
Springfield. 

King's Mn.i.8, p. v., Montgomery county, Mo.: 68 m. 
N. E. by E. JelTerson City. 

Kino's Mountain, p. v., Lincoln CO., JK Car. : 156 m. 
W. by S. Ealeigh. In the neighborhood of this mountain 
18 the scene of the celebrated b.attle of the 7lh Oct., 178il, in 
which the British were defeated and compelled to surrender 
to the American militia. 

King's Poi.nt, p. v., Dade county, Mo.: 131 
Jefl"erson City. 

KiNGSPOET, p. v., Sullivan co,, Tenn. : above tlicjunction 
of the forks of Holston r., 2-36 m. E. by N. Nashville. Con- 
tains several stores and about 80 dwellings. 

King's Eiver, p. o., CarroU co,, Ar/:. ; on the r. so caUed, 
144 m. N. W. Little Eock. 

King's Settlement, p. o., Chenango co., A' Y. : 97 m. 
W. Albany. 

Kingston, p. v., and cap. Autauga co., Ala. : on the W. 
side Autauga cr., 22 m. N. W. Montgomery. Tho court- 
house is here, and a few dwellings. 

Kingston, p. v., Cass co., Ga.: on a branch of the Coosa 
r., 130 m. N. W. Milledgeville. The Western and Atlantic 
E. P.. passes through the v. ; and here is the eastern termi- 
nus of Eome E. E., wliich is to be continued to Jacksonville, 
Ala., where it will connect the Sclma and Tennessee Eiver 
Eaiiroad. 

Kingston, p. v., De Kalb CO., III.: on Sycamore cr, 102 
m. N. N. E. Springfield. 

Kingston, p. o., Madison county, Ki/. : 48 m. S. E. 
Frankfort, 

KiNGSTo.v, p, v., Somerset Co., Md. : at the head waters 
of Anuemesix r., 74 m. S. S. E. Annapolis. 

Kingston, t. and p. v., Plymouth eo., J/aAj. .• 32 m. S. S. E. 
Boston. Drained by Jones r. and its brandies, which 
have their sources in several ponds, and empty into a branch 
of Plymouth Harbor. The harbor, in common with that 
of Duxburj', lies within the Gurnet, which forms the N. 
boundary of Plymouth Harbor. Surface level ; soil thin, 
sandy, and barren. Monk's Hill, on the borders of Ply- 
mouth, commands extensive views in every direction. The 
v., on Jones r., has an elevated site, and contains 3 churches 
and 50 or 60 dwellings, many of them neat and substantial. 
The t. has many vessels engaged in the cod and mackerel 
fisheries; and has also several factories and commercial 
houses. Pop. 1,593. The Old Colony P.. E. passes through 
the town. 

Kingston, p. v., and cap. Caldwell co., Mo. : 123 m. 
N. W. by W. Jcflerson City. 

Kingston, t. and p. v., llockingham co., JK Hamp. : 35 
m. S. S. E. Concord. Drained by two large ponds, the out- 
lets of which unite and empty into the Merrimae; the 
largest. Great Pond, contains about 800 acres, and a wooded 
island of about 12 acres. Surface diversified, with several 
low hills ; soil a fertile loam. Pop. of t. 1,192. 

Kingston, p. v., Middlesex Co., N. Jer. : on Millstone r., 
16 ni. N. E. by N. Trenton, on the line of the New Jersey 
E. E. and the Delaware and Uaritan Canal. Part of the 
V. lies in Somerset co. It contains several industrial estab- 
lishments, stores, etc., and about GO dwellings. 

Kingston, t,, p. v., and cap. Ulster co., X. Y. : 53 m. 
S. by W. Albany. Drained by Esopus cr. and its tribu- 
taries, and the Hudson r. makes its E. boundary. Surface 
somewhat uneven ; soil s.andy loam, overiying limestone. 
The v., on Ihe right bank of Esopus cr., is 8 m. W. of tho 
landing on tlie Hudson. It cont.iins the court-house, jail, 
numerous stores; factories, and here are printed 8 news- 
papers, tlie "Ulster Eepnblican," tho "Democratic Jour- 
nal," and the Ulster Democrat." Kingston, originally called 
Esopus, was early settled by tho Dutch. Here was held the 
first convention of the State Eepresentatives, wliidi formed 
the old constitution— this was in April, 1777. On the IClh 
j day of Oct. following, the British army burnt the village. 



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Gen. Vaughan was marching to the relief of Gen. Bur<;oyne, 
who wag compeHed to surrender to the American army the 
(lay follow ing ai Benius' Heishta. Kingston is now a flour- 
ishing town, with very considerable commercial and manu- 
Cicluring interests. Pop. 10.2;36. 

Kingston', p. v., lioss county, Ohio: 3i m. S. by E. 
Columbus. 

KiNcsTON, p. 0., Cumberland co., 2^'. Car. : 50 m. S. by W. 
Kaleigh. 

Kingston", t. and p. v., Luzerne co., Pcnn. : SI m. N". N. E. 
Harrisburg. Drained into Susquehanna r., which forms its 
S. E. border. i^urface uneven; soil generally fertile. 
The v., formerly callecl Wyoming, is situate on the N. bank 
of the river, and is the shipping place of the coal mined in 
the neighborho(Kl. It contains several stores, and about SO 
dwellings. The railroad surveyed along the Susquehanna 
will pass through Kingston. The t. has some manufactures 
and mines. Pop. 2,3uG. 

Kingston, p. v., Marquette co.. Wise. : on a branch of 
Neenah r., into whicli it empties at the head of Puckawa 
Lake, 47 m. N. by E. Madison. 

Kingston, p. v., and cap. Washington co., 12. 1, .-pleasantly 
situate, 27 m. S. by W. Providence. It contains a court- 
house, church, and aliout 30 dwellings. 

Kingston, p. v., and cap. Koane co., 7>»». ; on the point 
formed by the junction of Tennessee and Clinch rivers, 12S 
ra. E. by S. Nashville. It contains the court-house, jail, and 
several stores. 

Kingston, p. o., Decatur county, TnJ. : 54 m. S. E. 
Indianapolis. 

Kingston Centre, p. o., Delaware co., Olito: 2-1 m. 
N. by E. Columbus. 

Kingston Mines, p. v., Peoria co.,IU. : on the bluff near 
Illinois r., 52 m. N. E. Springfield. 

Kingstown, v., Talbot cfiunty. M'l. : on the "W. side of 
Choptank r., 34 m. E. S. E. Annapolis. 

KiNGSTREE, p. v., and cap. "Williamsburgh dist., S. Car.: 
on the N. E. side of IJi.ack r., 73 m. E. S. E. Columbia. 

KiNGSTiLLK, t. and p. v., Ashtabula county. 0/iio: on 
Conneaul r, 172 m. N. E. Columbus. The t. is boun<ie«l on 
the N. by Lake Erie, and is traversed by Conneaut r. Sur- 
face somewhat broken; soils rich and fertile. Tiic v. is 
situate at the weslernmost bend of Ihe Conneaut, and about 
2 m. S. of the line of the Cleveland and Erie K. P. Popu- 
lation of t. 1,494. 

KiNGSviLLE, p. v., Clarion co., Pemi. : lo2 m. W. X. "W. 
Harrisburg. 

KiNOSviLi.E. p. o., Talledegaco., Ala. : N.E. Montgomery. 

King William county, Virg. Situate E. centrally, and 
contains 285 fiq. m. It lies between Mattapony r. and Pa- 
munky r., which, uniting at the S. end of the county, form 
Tork r. Surface uneven, and pleasantly varied ; soil gen- 
erally good, with many very fine plantations. Corn and 
wheat are the staples ; some cotton and tobacco are raised. 
It has several good mill-streams. Farms SiS; manuf. 10; 
dwell. 625, and pop.— wh. 2,702, fr. col, 346, si. 5,731— total 
8,779. CapiUtl: King William C. H, 

King William. C. II., p. v., and cap. King William co., 
Virg. : 24 m. N. E. by E. liiclimond. It contains a hand- 
some court-house, a clerk's office, and co. jail, all of brick, 
handsomely inclosed with iron railing, and shaded by 
locust trees. 

KiNGWoon, t. and p. o., nunlerdon co., jV. Jer. : 29 m. 
N. W. Tr:-nton. Draiii'-d by Loakatong r. Surface hilly; 
soil the red shale, clay, and loam, peculiar to this Stale — 
fertile. The t. contains several thriving villages. Popula- 
tion 1,799. 

KiNGwooD. p. v., aud cap. Preston co., Virg.: 174 m. 
N. W. by N. Uichmond. 

KiNKEAD, p. 0., St. Francois co., Mo. : IIS ra. S. E. by E. 
Jefferson City. 

KiNLOCK, p. o., Lawrence co., Ala.: 1G9 m. N. N. W, 
Montgomery. 



KiNLOOK, p. 0., Panola co., Tea-. : 240 m. N. E. by E. 
Austin. 

KiNNARP, p. 0., Hancock county, Tnd. : about 20 m. W. 
Ibdianapolis. 

Kinnard's Store, p. o., Maury co., Tenn, 

KiNNE, p. v., Du Page county. III. : 1G5 m. N. N. E. 
Springfield. 

Kinney's Focr Corners, p. o., Oswego co., JV'. Y.: 154 
m. W. N. W. Albany. 

KiNNieoNiCK, p. o., Lewis county, Ky. : 93 m. N. E. 
FrankforL 

KiNSDALE, p. o., Westmoreland co., Virg. : hi m. N. E. 
Piohmond. 

Kinsman, t. and p. v.. Trumbull co., Ohio: 1S6 m. N. E. 
Columbus. Drained by Pynialuningcr.,an afllucnt of She- 
nango cr. in Pennsylvania. Surface diversified ; soil deep, 
dark mold, and fertile. The v. lies on the left bank of tho 
creek. Pop. of 1. 1,005. 

Kinston, p. v., and cap. Lenoir co., N. Car. : on the N". 
side of Neuse r., 73 m. S. E. by E. Ealeigh. It contains the 
court-house, jail, and several stores. 

Kintabisu, p. o., Sumter co.^ Ala.: on Kintabish cr., a 
tributary of Tombigbee r., 113 m. W. Montgomery. 

Kinzkr'r, p. o. and sta., Lancaster eo.. Ptnii. : on tho 
Columbia and Philadelphia K. li., 52 m. E. S. E. Ilarris- 
burg. 

KiNxrA, t. and p. v., Warren co., Penn. : 15S m. N. W. 
Harrisburg. Drained by Kinzua cr. of Alleghany r., which 
makes its N. boundary, and supplies an immense water- 
power — which operates a large number of saw and other 
mills. Surface very diversified ; soil of average fertility. 
Pop. 431. 

KioMATiA, p. o., Ped River co., Te.T. : 2GS m. N. E, by N. 
Austin. 

Kirrt, p. 0., Greene county, Penn.: 173 m. W. S. W. 
Harrisburg. 

KiKKERSviLLE, p. V., Licklng 00., Ohio: on the 9. sido 
of a branch cjf Licking r., 21 m, E. Columbus. It coutains 
several stores, aud about 250 inhabitants. 

Kip.KLANP, t. and p. v., Penobscot co., Mf-. : 68 m. N. E. 
Augusta. Drained by streams, aflluents of Pushaw Lake, 
the latter emptying through the river of the same name into 
Ihe Penobscot, which it reaches opposite the village of Old 
Town. Surface level : soil generally fertile. There is a 
em.ill V. in the centre. Pop. oft. 717. 

KinKLAND, t. and p. o., Oneida co., K. Y. : 92 m. W. by N. 
Albany. Drained by Oriskany cr. Surface diversified by 
liills and fertile valleys; soil rich calcareous loam. The 
Chenango Canal passes through the t, about 10 m. S. W. of 
Utica. There are several flourishing villages in the town 
which have considerable manufactures, and the town gen- 
erally isengaged ina variety of handicrafts. Pop,oft.3,421. 

Ktr.KLAND, p. o., Cabarras co., iV. Car. : 112 m. W. by S. 
Paleigh. 

Kir.K's Cross Eoads, p. o., Clinton county, Ind. : 30 m. 
N. N. W. Indianapolis. 

Kirk's Ferry, p. o., Tensas parish, Za.: 102 m. N. 
Baton Kouge. 

Kirk's Mills, p. o., Lancaster co., Pfun. : 47 m. E. S. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Kii'.ksville, p. v., Madison county, Ki/. : 49 m. S. E. 
Frankfort 

Kirksville. p. v., and cap. Adair county, J/".; 112 ra. 
N. by W. JeS'erson City. 

KiRKvii.LE, p. o., Butler county, Ala.: 33 m. S. S. W. 
Montgomery. 

KiRKViLLE, p. v., Wapello county, la.: C3 m. S. W. 
Iowa City. 

KiRKViLLE. p. v., Onondaga county, X Y.: on the Erie 
Canal and Syracuse and Utica E. P., 119 in. W. by N. 
Albany, by route of canal 158 m. and by railroad 13T m. 
ft-um Albany. It contains several stores aud about 800 
iohabilaDts. 

S55 



KIR 



KNO 



KiuKwooD, p. v., Broome co., K. Y. : US* m. "W. S. W. 
AIb;my, The v. lies on Iho New York and Kriu 11. K., 216 
ui. from New York Cily. 

Kibsey's Ckoss lioAUS, p. 0., Edgcflcld dist., S. Car, : 67 
m. W. Columldii. 

KanxANu, I. and p. v., Lake county, Ohio: 133 m. 
N. E. by X. C<tlunibus, about 8 m. from Luke Krie. Here 
Ilie Mormons erected their first temple, whicli, since their 
leavini:;, has been used as a normal school. A tributary of 
Chagrine r. traverses the town. Soil rich and productive. 
Top. 1,51(3. 

Kif-iiAco-QuiLLAS, p. 0., Mifflin co., Penti.: 46 m. N. W. 
Ilnrrisburg. 

KiSKAi CM, p. o., Greene co., iV' Y. : 43 m. S. "W. Albany. 

KiSKiMiNiTAB, t. and !». v., Armstrong co., J'emi. : 142 m. 
W. by N. llarrisburg. Drained chiefly by affluents of the 
Kiskiminitas, or CnnemauKli r, whieh forms its S. "W. 
border, and Crooked er. makes its N. border. Salt is nian- 
ufaetured here. Tlie Pennsylvania Canal has iU eourso 
through the town. Mills of various descriptions are found 
on its streams. Top. '2.503. 

KiswAUKKE, p. v., Winnebago co., ///. / 1G3 m. N. N. E. 
Springfield. A thriving town on Rock r. at tlie junction of 
Kiswaukee river. 

KiTcniNG's Mills, p. o., Oraugeburgh disl., *?. Car.: 43 
m. S. Columbia. 

KiTTANiNG, t., p. b., and cap. Armstrong co., Pimn. : 152 
m. "W. by N. Ilarrisburg. Drained by several creeks of 
Alleghany r. and its tributaries, Crooked, Cowanshann(»ck, 
and other creeks — the Alleghany making its W. and Cronk- 
cd er. ils S. boundary. Surface hilly ; soil a fertile, gravelly 
loam. The b. is situate on the Alleghany in the N. W. 
corner of the t., and contains a court-house, jail, etc., a 
number of stores, tanneries, and workshops, and about SOO 
inhabitants. Two newspai)era are published here, the 
"Armstrong Democrat*' (doni.), and the "Tree Press*' 
(whig), both weekly issues. The Alleghany Valley li. E. 
will pass through Kittaning. Pop. 1,017. 

KiTTERT, t. and \^. v., York eo., M'\ : 104 m. S. S. "W. 
August4i. On the N. K. side of Piscataqua r., opposite 
Portsmouth, and having its E. front on the Atlanlie. It is 
the S. W. extremity of the Slate. Its coasts are deeply in- 
dented, and Spruce er., or inlet, affords convenient harbors 
for the coasters and fishing vessels frequenting tlieni. Ship- 
building is carried on at Kiltcry to .some extent, and ou 
Badger's Island, willi which eonneelion is made by a bridge, 
is located a U. S. navy yard. A bridge also eonnecls it 
with Portsmoutli. This t. was settled at an early date, and 
formerly enjoyed considerable trade with the AVest Indies. 
The Portsmouth, Saco, and Portland li. M. crosses the river 
here. Pop. of t, 2,T06. 

Klecknersvu.lk, p. o., Northampton co., P<^mi. : 94 ra. 
N. E. by E. Ilarrisburg. 

Klinesvillk, p. o., Henderson county, J^'Jer.: 35 to. 
N. by W. Trenton. 

Klinesvilix, p. o., Berks co., Penn.: 55 m. E. by N. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Knap of Eeeds, p. o., Granville co., K. Car. : 85 m. N. 
Raleigh. 

Knapp's, sta., St. Lawrence co., AT. Y. : on the Northern 
(Ogdensburg) K. K., 2S ni. E. Ogdenshurg and 85 m. W. 
llonsc's Point. 

Knaps, p. o., Carter co., Ky. : 113 m. E. by N. Frankfort 

Knigut's, 8la., Lenawee co., Mich. : on the Erie and 
Kalamazoo li. K., 20 in. from Toledo and 12 from Adrian. 

Knightstown, p. v., Henry co., Ind. : on a high bluff 
W. ^do of Blue r., 33 m. E. Indianapolis. The National 
Koad and Central Indiana II. K. pass through it, and are 
here tapped by the Knightslown and Shelbyville li. li., and 
this point will also be the terminus of the Fort Wayne and 
Southern It. K. This is a flourishing v., with extensive 
water-power, and is situate in the midst of a fine agricul- 
tural region. It contains about SOO inhabit.ints ; but is des- 
"856 



j tined to become a place of great commercial iuiportauco 
and the centre of a large loeid trade. 

KNicnTsviLLE, p. v., Providcnce co., ]i. I. : 5 ro. S. "W. 
Providence. It Is a small manufaeluring village. The 
Ilarlford, Providence, and EishkiU K. li. will pass a little to 
the E. of it. 

Knoh, p. o., Tazewell county, Virg. : 233 m. TV. S. W. 
liiehmond. 

Knoii Cuekk, p. 0., Barren co., Ky. : 103 m. S. S. W 
Frankfort. 

Knob Foek, p. o., Wetzel co., Virg. : 219 m. W. N. W 
Kichmond. 

Knob Lick, p. o., Daviess co., K'j. : 133 m. W. by S. 
Frankfort. 

Knobnoster, p. T., Johnson co., Mo. : 75 m. W. by N 
Jefferson City. 

Knottsville, p. o., Daviess co., Ky. : 132 m. W. by S. 
Frankfurt. 

Knuweusville, p. 0., Albany county, K. Y.: 14 m. W. 
Albany. 

KNowi,ES\nLLE, p. v., Orleans co., N. Y.: on the Erie 
Canal, 246 m. AV, by N. Albany. It contains several ware- 
houses, stores, and about SO dwellings. 

Knowi.ton, t. and p. o., AVarren co., K, Jer.: 49 m, 
N. N. AV. Trenton. Drained by Paulin*s Kill, Beaver Brook, 
and SbawpOL'Ussing creeks. Surface hilly and varied ; soil 
on the hills slaty, and in the valleys calcareous loam. Blue 
^lountain lies on ita N. boundary, where is the AVater Gap 
of the Delaw:u'e. and through which the connection will 
be made between the Bclvidi-ro Delaware R. R. and 
Cobb's Gap li. li. The v. lies on the S. side of Paulin's 
Kill, al ils eonftuenee with Uie Delaware, opposite the vil- 
lage of Columbia, and on the line of the Belvidere Dela- 
ware R. R. The Morris and Essex R. li. will also form a 
junction at this pohiL Pop. of t 1,356. 

Knox county, ///. Situate N. AV. centrally, and contains 
"20 sq. ni. Drained princip.illy by Spoon r. and its AV. 
branch, affluents of tlic Illinois. Surface level or undulating; 
soil a very rieli prairie over most of the county. It has ex- 
cellent timber on several of ils streams. It is well calculated 
for grain crops and has the best of pasture. Com and 
wheat an- the leading staples, ami mueli beef and pork is 
sent to market. F'arnis 619 ; inanuf. 100 ; dwell. 2.193, and 
pop.—wh. 18,221, fr. col. 53— total 13,2T9. Capital: Knox- 
ville. Public }yorkif : Oquawka and Peoria R. R., etc. 

Kxo.x comity, Ind. Situate S. W., and contains 49G 
sq. m. It lies l)etweeu AV abash r. on the W., its branch, 
AVhite r., on the S., and AA'. fork of Wnite r. on the E. 
Surface undulating, with some river hills. It has rich prai- 
ries, and the timbered lands, which occupy a large share of 
the county, are mostly productive. Here arc some sandy 
barrens and swamps, and Iho bottoms are subject to inun- 
dation. Corn and wheat are most raised. Tobacco is 
grown. It is a very fine grazing county, and cattle, wool, 
and especially pork, arc much exported. Farms 901 ; 
nianuf. 3T ; dwell. 1,909, and pop.— wh. 10,r46, fr. col. 533 
— total 11,0?4. Qtpital : Vinecnnes. Public Works: 
Evansvillo and Illinois K. It.; Cincinnati and St. Loui$ 
R. K., etc. 

Knox county, Ky. Situate in S. E. corner, and contains 
605 sq. ni. Drained by Richland and Stinking creeks, and 
other affluents of Cumberland r., which crosses the county. 
Surface uneven — in parts mountainous; soil in the valleys 
fertile and generally good grazing land. It has many mill 
streams. Com is the chief product, and great numbers of 
bogs arc kept. Farms 657; manuf. 6; dwell. 1,060, and 
pop._wli. 6.239, fr. col. 199, si. 612— total 7,050. Capital: 
Barboursville. 

Knox county, Mo. Situate N. E., and contains 513 sq. in. 
Drained by North, Middle, and South Fabius rivers and 
their branches, and S. W. by N. fork of Salt r. Surface 
gently uneven ; soil excellent. The streams are skirted with 
valuable tinil)er, and the bottoms very prodnetivc. Corn 



KNO 



KOS 



ainl I'HlIle Jirtf llic priiR-ipril exports. XiiimTniis iiiill-se.-tis 
are found on tin- rivers. Kariiis o08 ; iiKimir. 7 : dwc-il. 4j7, 
and pop.— wli. li,(;2G. I'r. col. 2, si. '200— total 2,h9l. Oipihil: 
Edina. 

Kxyx county. Ohio. Situate centrally, and contains 5'23 
sq. ni. Drained l>y Vernnn. "U'allion^lin^, and N. braneh ol" 
LicUin*; rivers, alTluenLs of.Muf«kinii;nni r., wliieli, wltli their 
brandies, atTord abundant water-puwer. Surface sliglilly 
lirolcr-n in E. part, in the ^V. level or undulatin^^; .soil a 
vegetable Inani in the M*., and generally very productive. 
It is an excellent farming cminty, and iinim-nsi! quantities 
of wheat and eorn arc scut to the Kast. The iiairy is of much 
importance, and large flocks of sheep are everj where kept. 
Pork is also !i very large export. It has .sujiLTior facilities 
for manufactures, whieli are large and rapidly increasing, 
and great conveniences for reaching distant niarkels. 
Farms 2,2GS ; manuf. 11"; dwell. 4.S5;i. and pop.— wli. 
2S.sn, fr. col. G2— total 2S.S7:i. CnjtiUtl: Mttunt Vernon. 
Puhlic Works: Springfield, Mount Vernon, an.l Titt^iUirg 
Tt. E. ; Mansfield and&mdusky City U. II. ; Columbus and 
Lake Krie II. K., etc. 

Knox county, Tnin. Situate N. E.. and contaiiii* 445 sq. 
ni. Drained by Holston, Nulielmeky. I'rench Broad, and 
Clinch rivers, all branches of Teinies^ee r., and aflording 
fine water privileges. Surface Ijrokenarul nionntainous; soil 
fertile, especially in the numerous beautiful valleys. Corn 
and wheat are very large crops, and llie staples. The graz- 
ing is excellent, and many cattle, horses, sheep, and swine 
are reared. T!ie manufactures of the co. are important and 
growing, consisting of flour, leather, iron, fiils. liquors, 
paper, earthenware, etc. Farms 1.403; manuf. 67: dwell. 
2.sn4, and pnp.— wli. 16.337, fr. col. 22'), si. 2,19u— tolal 
18,7.55. Oqyittil: Knoxville. Puhlic iroz-A-.-*; Georgia and 
E. Tennessee E. E.; E. Tennessee and Virginia E. E. ; 
Knoxville and Cincinnati E. E. ; Blue Eidge E. E., etc. 

Knox, t. and p. v.. All>any co., -V. 5* ; 22 m. "W. Albany. 
Drained l)y Bozrakill and a tril)ntary of Foxes cr. Surface 
rough and hilly— the t. being i)artly covered by the Ileliler- 
berg series of limestone: soil of average fertility. The v. 
(Knoxville) contains about 20iJ inhal)itants. The t. has 
numerous mills and tanneries, and 2,(121 inhahitanls. 

Knox. p. v., and cap. Stark co., Tnd.: on the S. side of 
Ytllow r.. 10^ m. N. by \V. Imlianapolis. 

Knox, p. v., Knox co.. o/iio: 3S in. N. K. Columbus. 

Knox. I. and p. v., "U'aldo county, ^f''. : 31 ni. E. X. E. 
Augusta. Drained by branches of Sebastic(tok r. ; surface 
Somewhat hiHy; soil ricli. and fine grass land. Tlie v. lies 
toward the N. W. Top. of t. 1.102. 

Knox Centee, p. v., Waldo co., Jfe. : 31 m. E. N. E. 
Augusta. 

Ksox CoKNEKS, p. c, Oncida co., A'! 11 .' 93 m.W. N.W. 
Albany. 

Knoxville, p. v., Greene co., Al<i. : 95 m. N. "W". by "W. 
Montgomery. 

KNoxvrLLK, p. v.. and cap. Crawford en., <^a.: on an 
afllncnt of Flint r., 5S m. S. W. by W. Milledgeville. It 
contains a court-house, jail, etc., and about 40 dwelling.s 

Knoxville, p. o., Franklin county, Misn.: 78 m. S. W. 
Jackson. 

Knoxville, p. v., and cap. Knox co., I//. : near Haw cr., 
S3 m. N. N. W. Siiringfield. Beanlifidly located on high 
rolling prairie, contains about 3.^0 inhabitants. The court- 
house is hero. The "K. Journal" is published weekly. 

Knoxville, p. v., and cap. Marion co., /a. : on an ele- 
vation between "White Breast r. and English cr., 81 m. 
W. S. W. Iowa City. 

Knoxville, v., Frederick co., 3frt. : on the lines of Ches- 
apeake and Ohio Canal ami of the Baltimore and Ohio 
E. R., 79 m. "W. Baltiraftre. 

Knoxville, p. v., Eay co., Mo.: 117 m. N. W. by W. 
Jefl>rson City. 

Knoxvillk. p. v., Jefferson co., Ohio : 4 m. from Ohio r. 
and 126 m. E. by N. Columbus ; contains several stores. The 



t. of Knox contains several villages, is bounded nn the E. 
by llie Ohii) r., and has 1,902 inhabitants. 

Knoxville, p. o., Tioga co., Peiin.: 115 m. N. by W. 
Ilarrisbnrg. 

Knoxville, p. city, and cap. Knox co., Tenn.: on the 
N. bank of Holston r., at the head of navigation, and about 
4 m. Iielow the confluence of French Broad river, 157 in. 
E. Nasliville. Lat, 35° 59' N., and long. 8:3^ 54' W. Tlie 
city is most eligibly situate for an extensive inland trailr, 
being at the navigable head of a great river, and on the line 
of intereommunieatiun K. and "\V. nearly ttu'ougli the mid- 
dle zone of the Union, and at a point whence will diverge 
N. and S. lines of railroad, extending on the one hand to 
Cincinnati, and on the other to the chief ports of the south- 
ern Atlantic Sta,tes and Gulf of Mexico. Here, imleed, a 
junction is formed by three great railroads— tiie East Ten- 
nessee and Georgia E. E., connecting S. with lines to 
Charleston and Savannah, and S. W. with those to Memiihis 
and the Gulf cities; the Knoxville .and Ohio E. E. termi- 
nating at Covington on the Ohio; and the East Tennessee 
and Virginia E. E., which, connecting with the Virginia and 
Tennessee E. R. on the State line, and the latter uniting at 
Lyncliburg with the railroads to IVterslxirg and Norfolk, 
Eichmond and Alexandria, reaches directly to the great 
sealioard marts, which will take the vast productions of the 
interior, and return in exchange the manufactures and pro- 
ducts of the outer world. The city itself is regularly laid 
out, and handsomely Imilt- It contains a fine court-house, 
a jail, and other county buildings. It is also the seat of 
East Tennes.soe College, founded 1792. This is a very 
cflficient and flourishing institution. In 1S50 it had a presi- 
dent, 5 professors, 122 alumni, and 57 stu<lcnLs ; and its libra- 
ry contained 4,500 volumes. A prepar;iIory department is 
attached to the college, which had usually from 70 to SO 
scholars. The public press of Knoxville consist-s of 5 peri- 
odicals, viz.: 1 semi-weekly and 4 weekly papers; the 
semi-weekly is the *' K. Eegister*" (whig), of which also 
a weekly edition is issued ; and the weeklies are the 
"K. Whig" (whig), the " Plebeian," (dcm.), the "Method- 
ist Ei)iscopalian" (rclig.). and the "Holston Christian, Ad- 
vocate" (relig.) The city has already a good trade with 
the neighborhood, and contains wholesale and retail stores, 
churelH'S of several denominations, two academics, an*l sev- 
eral primary schools. The present population is over 2.000. 

KoKoMo, p. v.. and cap. Howard co., Ind. : on Wild ("at 
cr., 53 m. N. Indianapolis. The site of an Indian v. by the 
same name. The Indianapolis and Peru E. E. and the 
New Castle and Logansport E. E. intersect each oilier at 
this point. It is the centre of a fine farming region, and 
must bi'come the dep6t of a consideral>Ic internal Iraflie. 
Pop. about GOO. 

KoosKOosKiE river, Oreg. Ter. : a tributary of Lewis, or 
Snake r. It rises in the Eocky Mountains, and flowing W. 
falls into Eewis r. in about 46° lat. an<l 117° long. The 
Presbyterians have missions on this stream. 

KooTAMR (Kutunaha, or Flat Bow) river, Orrg. Ter. . 
a large afllncnt of Columbia r. It has its sources in the 
Eocrky Mountains in about 51° N. lat. In its first part it 
flows along the base of the mountains to 48°, and then 
bends W., and passing through Flat Bow Lake enters the 
('olumbia above the British line. At its extreme S. bend is 
Fort Kootanie. a settlement of the Hudson Bay Company. 

KoRo, p. o., Winneb.ago county, Wise. : 79 m. N. N. K. 
Madison. 

KouTnir.nr. t. and p. v., Delaware county, K. Y.: 5S m. 
W. by S.Albany. Drained by tributaries of the Delaware r. 
Surface hilly anil mountainous; soil fertile loam. The v. ig 
situate centrally. South Kortright and Bloomville are other 
villages. Pnp. of t 2,1S1. 

KosrrrsKO county. ImJ. Situate N. centrally, and con- 
tains 579 sq. m. Drained by Tippecanoe and Eel rivers and 
their branches, flowing S. W. info the Wabash, and Tur- 
key cr., flowing N. through St, Joseph's r. into Lake Michi- 

357 



KOS 



LAC 



gan. Surface undulaling. Soil fertile, and timber abund- 
ant. In tlie N. are some wet prairies, and several lakes 
or ponds abouudintr in fish. Il has many ponds that feed 
fine mill-streams, and afford much water-power. Com and 
wheat are leading staples. Great numbers of hogs are fat- 
tened. Farnm 1,12T ; manuf 21 ; dwell. 1,"S3, and poih — wh. 
10,242; fr. col. 1— total 10.24:3. Capital: Warsaw. Puhlic 
Works: Goshen, Warsaw, and Peru It. K. 

Koscii'sco, p. v., and cap. Attala eo., Mhs. : on the W. 
aide of Yockonnckony r., Gl m. N. N. K. Jackson. There 
are 8 papers issued here weekly — the " Chronicle" (whig), 
•'Attala Democrat" (dem.). "Sentinel and Pilot" (dem.) 
The V. contains a coiirt-house, etc., several stores, and 400 
inhabitants. 

KosKONoyG, t and p. o., Jefferson co., Wtf^r. : 33 m. 
E. S. E, Madison. Within this town lies Lake Koskonong, 
through which Kock r. flows. Several tributaries also pour 
into the lake and r. within its limits. Pop. 1,512. 

Kossuth county, la. Situate N. centrally, and contains 
576 sq. m. Drained by Boone r. and other heads of Des 
Moines r. Erected since 1350. 

Kossuth, p. c, Jackson co., Tenn.: 73 m. E. N. E. 
Nashville. 

Kossuth, p. o., Dea Moines co., la. : 56 m. S. E. Iowa City. 

Kossuth, p. c, Kaeine county, Wise. : 59 m. E. by S. 
Madison. 

KossuTn, p. c, Boone county, JIL : 1S5 m. N. by E. 
Springfield. 

Kossuxn, p. o.. Auglaize county, Ohio: 73 m. N. W. 
Columbus. Pop. 76. 

Kossuth, p. o., Washington coimty, Ind.: 83 m. S. 
Indianapolis. 

KossuTu, p. 0., Cherokee county, Ga.: 117 m. N. W. 
Milledge\ille. 

KossuTH, p. o., Washington co.. Me.: 112 m. W. by N. 
Augusta. 

KosscTH, p. o., Clarion co., Penn.: 143 m. W. N. W. 
Harrisburg. 

KowALiGA, p. 0., Tallapoosa county, Ala. : 43 m. N. E. 
Montgomery. 

Kowe's river, Oreg. Ter. : a small r. emptying into the 
Pacific Ocean above Cape Arago. 

Kratzersvtlle, p. o.. Union co., Penn. : 4S m. N. by W. 
Harrisburg. 

IvHEiDEiiSVTLLT:, p. V., Northampton co., Penn. : on llock- 
endocque cr. of Lehigh r., 79 m. N. E. by E. Harrisburg. 

KuESGEviLLH, p. 0., Monroc county, Penn. : 79 m. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Ki'.oh's Mills, p. o., Carroll co., Md. : 63 m. N. N. W. 
Annapolis. 

KuLPSviLi-E, p. 0., Slontgomery county, Penn.: S3 m. E. 
Harrisburg. 

KuNKiETowN, p. 0., Monroe county, Penn. : SS m. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Ki'TZTo'WN. p. b., Berks co.. Penn. : on a branch of 
Maiden cr., 53 m. E. by N. Harrisburg. It contains several 
stores, mechanic shops, etc, and h;is 042 inhabitants. 

KvGEE, p. v., Gallia county, Ohio: 83 miles S. E. by S. 
Columbus. 

Kyseeike, p. o., Ulster county, iV. Y. : 68 m. S. by W. 
Albany. 

Kyserville, p. 0., Li\'ingston county, N. Y. : 214 m. W. 
Albany. 

KvTE Km:B, p. o., Ogle county, III. : 143 miles N. by E. 
Springfield. 



L. 



Labaxus, p. o., Kobertson county, Tenn. : N. by W. 
Nashville. 

Lacey, p. v., Do Kalb co., JU. : about 2 m. S. of Sycamore 
r, 166 m. N. by E. Springfield. 
353 



Lacey Spuing, p. v., Rockingham count)', Yirg. : 98 m. 
N. W. Richmond. 

Lacey's Spring, p. 0., Morgan co., AI<j.: about 2 m. N. 
from Tennessee r., 143 m. N. by W. Montgomery. 

Laceya'ille, p. v., Wyoming co., Pefiri. ; 89 m. N. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Lacevville, p. v., Harrbon co., Ohio: 104 m. E. by N. 
Columbus. 

Lackawack, p. v., Ulster co., A''. 3'. .■ on a branch of 
Roudout cr., 63 m. S. S. W. Albany. 

Lackawanna, t and p. o., Luzerne co., Penn.: 96 m. 
N. E. by N. Harrisburg. Drained by Lackawanna r. Iron 
ore is dug. The N. branch division of the Pennsylvania 
canal crosses the t. 73 m. from Norlhuniberland. Pop. 511. 

Lackawanna river, Penn. : a tributary of Susquehanna r. 
It rises in Wayne and Susquehanna counties, and pursues a 
course S. and S. W. 30 m. to its confluence. It affords ex- 
tensive and valuable water-power. 

Lackawannoo mountains, Penn. : these mountains run 
between the sources of Lackawaxen and Lackawannoc 
rivers. One of their W. peaks is called Moosack Mount- 
ain, and is traversed by the raihroad firom Carbondale to 
Ilonesdale. 

Lackawaxen river, Penn. : a tributary of Delaware r. 
It rises chiefly in Wa}Tie co., and flows through a deep val- 
ley, receiving Dyberry, Middle, and Waullenpaupack creeks, 
and enters the Delaware in Pike eo., where is a dam across 
the Dt-laware to supply the DeLiware and Hudson Canal 
water, and to enable the boats to cross the river. This canal 
fViIlows the course of the Lackawaxen 25 m. to the mouth of 
Dyberry creek at Ilonesdale, whence is a railroad to tho 
Lackawanna coal mines, 16 miles distant 

Lackawaxent, p. V. and sta., Pike co., Penn. : on the 
Delaware r., 124 m. N. E. by E. Harrisburg. Drained by 
Lack.iwaxen r. and other streams flowing into the Delaware. 
Surface ragged and heavily timbered; soil productive. The 
V. is at the junction of the Lackawaxen and Delaware, the 
latter being dammed, and affording great water-power for 
the lumber mills and iron works, which constitute its chief 
business. The Delaware and Hudson Canal crosses the 
Delaware here in an aqueduct supported by an iron wire 
suspension bridge, and proceeds up the valley of the Lack- 
awaxen, which the Erie R. R. here crosses on two bridges. 
The sta. is 121 m. from New York. Pop. of t. 2,060. 

Lackemute, p. 0., Polk CO., Oreg. Ter. : on the branch of 
the Willamette so called, IS m. S. W. Salem. 

La Clair, p. v., De Kalb county, 77/, : 136 m. N. by E. 
Springfield. 

La Clede county, J/o. Situate S. centrally, and contains 
703 sq. m. Drained E. and S. E. by Gasconade r. and its 
branch, Osage Fork; N. and N. W. by Dry Auglaize cj. 
and Niangua r., branches of Osage r. ; all flowing N. into 
the Missouri. Surface quite elevated and rolling, with some 
hills. Soil very productive. A very fine fanning and gra- 
zing CO., with good timber, rich bottoms, anti a sufliciency 
of waliT-power. Com and wheat are the staj>le cereals. 
Cattle and hogs are exported in large numbers. Farms 
233; manuf. 2; dweU. 335; and pop.— wh. 2,357, fr. col. 1, 
si. 140— total 2,493. Capital: Wiota. 

Lacon, p. v., and cap. Marshall co., PI. : on the left bank 
of the Illinois r.. 79 m. N. by E. Springfield. It lias a favor- 
able position for trade and manufactures, and contains the 
county buildings, a high school, several stores, and 500 in- 
habitants. The"Laeon Herald'' (dem.), and "Illinois Ga- 
zette" (whig), are published weekly. 

Lacona, p. o., Jefferson co., A'v. .' 49 m. W. Frankfort. 

Laconia, p. v., Harrison CO., Ind.: about 2 m. from tlic 
Ohio r., 117 m. S. Indianapolis. 

Lacoma, p. o., Desha co,, Arl: : 87 m. S. E. Little Rock. 

Lac qui Pakle, p. o., Dakotah co., Minn. Ter. : 137 m. 
W. St Paul. This is a trading post on the Minnesota or St. 
Peter's r., which here expands to a considerable body of 
water, called by the French, Lac qui Parle (lake that 



LAC 



LAF 



tul!c>*), from the remarkable echoes produced by its nigged 
shuffs. 

La Crossk county, Wise. Situate W. centrally, and con- 
tains about 3.4iJ0 sq. m. Drained I>y M-nnitain, Black, and 
La Crosse rivers, and their many brandies, aflluenla of the 
Mississippi, wliieh is its S. W. buundury. Tins oo. covers a 
large territory, as yet little settled. It has line large streams, 
lined with vast forests of valualtlc pine timber, which is in 
great demand, and furnishes the chief trade of the county. 
The surface is much varied, and the rivers afford oxeelleut 
waler-i)ower. The soil is very fertile, and there is litlle 
prairie. That portion of La Crosse county lying N. of tho 
N. line of township No. 9, has lately beim erected into a 
separate county, under the uamo of Jaclisou. Capital: 
La Crosse (Prairie La Crosse). 

La CnotisE, p. v.. La Crosse co., II'/av'. ; on the left bank 
of the Mi^^sissippi, at the mouth of La Crosse river, loS miles 
N. \y. by W. Madison. It has a good landing, and contains 
several stores, and 300 inhabitants. 

Lacy, p. o., Drew co., Arl\ : 77 miles S. S. E, Little Kock. 

Lacy's Hill, p. o, Pickens co., Ala.: 112 m. W. N. W. 
Munlgomery. 

Ladd's, 8ta., Erie co., Ohio: on Iho 8an<lusky, Mansfield, 
and Newark K. R., S m. from Bandusky. 

LAnnsnuRGii, p. o., Bradford co., rtini. : 106 m. N. by E. 
ITarrisburg. 

LAniicsiiur.Gii, p. v., Frederick co., JA/. ; on the S. side of 
Sam"s cr., 53 ra. N. W. Annapolis. 

Lakkia, p. o., Benton co., Ala.: on a branch of Coosa r., 
112 m. N. N. E. Montgomery. 

Ladoga, p. v., Monfgomerj' co., Iml.: on N. side of Big 
Kaccoon cr., 34 m. "W. by N. Indianapolis. 

Ladson's, stalinn, Charleston disf.. X Car.: on the South 
Carolina K. II., 17 m. from Charleston. 

La I'\vi;(inviLi.K, p. r., Jefferson co., iV; Y. : on Chamount 
r., near its head, 15S m. N. "W. Albany, 

La FAVurrE county. Ark. Situate S. "W. corner, and 
contains IfiCA sq. m. Drained AV. by lied r., and Sulphur 
fork of Ked r.. and E. by bayous Bodeau and Dorcheat, 
affluents of Bed r. Surface gently uneven, wilh some hills, 
on the rivers, and a few swamps. Soil on the streams of 
exceeding fertility; hack of these it is sandy .and less pro- 
ductive. Cotton is raised in immense quantities on the river 
l)lanlations, and constitutes the almost sole object of cultiva- 
tion and export. Corn produces well, ami there is some 
good pasture. Farms IT"; m.amif. 2; dwell. 3-19, and pop. 
— wh. 1,900, fr. col. 0, si. 3,320— total 5,220. Capital: 
Lewisville. 

La Fa\-ette parish, La. Situate S. "W., and contains 
STO sq. m. Drained by Yermihion r., which flows tlirough 
it S. into Vermillion Bay and the Gulf of Mexico. Surface 
low and level, with frequent swani])s. Soil of great fertility, 
where not too wet for cultivation, Cotton and sugar are 
the staple producLs, of which great amounts are exported. 
Corn grows luxuriantly, and yiehls finely. Some rice is 
raised in the swamps. Farms 441; manuf. 0: dwell. 630, 
and pop.— wh. 3,390, fr. col. IGO, si. 3,170- total G,T20. Cap- 
ital: Verniillion.'iville. 

La FAYRrrR county, 3/i'.w. Situate N., and contains 7S5 sq. 
m. Drained hy Tallahatchie and Yoranapalafa rivers, and 
Olackatufla cr., affluents of Yaxoo r. Surface level or gently 
rolling. Soil generally very productive, and affords fine 
pasturage. Cotton is the great staple. Corn yields finely, 
and is extensively exported, and cattle and hogs are raised 
in large numbers. It has good facilities for numulaeturing, 
■nhich is a growing interest in the co. Farms 1,044 ; manuf. 
49; dwell. 1,3S2, and pop.— wh. S,346. fr. col. 4, si. 5,719— 
total 14,00,9. Capital: O.xford. FiiUic Wor/:^ : Missis- 
sippi Central B. R. 

La Fayf.tte countj', J/b. Situate N. ^V., and conf.ains 
653 sq. m. Drained by Dan's fork and Salt fork of Bl.ick r. 
flowing K.. and Big Synhar and Big Terro Bean creeks 
flowing N. into the Missouri, its N. bonndarv. Surface va- 



ried ; hills and broken ground in tho S., and gentle swells 
in th(! N. Soil of great fertility, adapted to grain and grass. 
Om\ and wheat are the cereal stiiplcs. Great numbers of 
aheep and swino are fed on its fine pastures and abundant 
mast, and pork is an important export. It has fine water- 
power, the use of which is extensive and rapidly increasing. 
Farms 895 ; manuf. U7 ; dwell. 1,459, and pop.— wh. 9,005, 
fr. col. 70, si. 4,*>15— toUil 13,090. Capital: Lexington. 
Public WorA-s: Facific B. R. 

La Fayettb county, Wis<;. Situate S. TV., and contains 
G31 sq. m. Draino<i by Otter cr., Fecatonica and Wassemon 
rivers, afllucnts of Roek river, and Fevre river, an alTluent 
of the Mississippi. Surfaw broken and hilly, with a little 
prairie. Soil of good quality, and adai)te<,l to gi-azing or 
grain, hut the great interest of the co. is mining. It lies on 
the S. line of the State, and in the rich mining district around 
Galena and Didmque, the former of which is the outlet of 
its wealth. This consists chieliy of almost inexhauslible de- 
posits of rich galena or lead ore, the wt)rking of which 13 
the i)rincipal pursuit, and less extensive but valuable cop. 
per and iron ores, with some silver. It has several mineral 
.sj)riiig.'^, g')od water privileges, and some timber. Farms 
399; niamif. 21 ; dwell. 2,070, and pnji,— wh. Il,ry27, fr. col. 
14— total 11,541. Capital: Shullsburg. rahlic ]rorks: 
Milwaukie and Mississippi R. R. 

La Fayette, p. v., and cap. "Walker county, Ga. : 172 m. 
N. 'SV. Milledgeville. It contains a court-house, jail, two 
acailemies, a dozen stores, and 500 inhabitan'A 

La Fa\-ette, p. v., Stark eo.. III. : on middle branch of 
Spoon r., OC) m. N. by W. Springfield. 

La Fayetti:, p. v., and cap. Tippecanoe co., Ti}{7. : on the 
E. bank of Wabash r., at the head of steamboat navigation, 
r)>i miles N. "VV. Indianapolis. Lat 40^ 25' N., and long. 
Sl'jO 49' W. ; it is the centre of railroad, camd, and plank- 
road Iraffie of great amount, and has several important 
manOfaelurcs, It contains about 40 dry gofxls stores, 13 
clothing stores, 20 groceries, etc. About a dozen warehouses, 
and a. variety of minor sales stores ; also foundries, packing- 
houses, paper-mills, printuig establishments, etc. It has 
also a large flouring business; three newspajiers are pub- 
lished here, the "Ij, Courier'' (dem.), <iaily an<l weekly, the 
"L. dournal" (whig), ilaily and weekly, and tlie "■ AVal)ash 
Atlas," weekly. The means of education aro ample, and 
there arc churches of all the leading denominations. A 
branch of the State bank is located at La Fayette, and two 
other hanks have Jteen established under tho new law of the 
State. The AVabasii and Erie Canal passes through the v., 
and intersecting it the New Albany and Salem Extension 
R. R. ; and here also the La Fayette and Indianapolis R. K. 
forms a connection with the foregoing. Plank-roads extend 
hence to Oxford, Frankfort, Craw for dsv ill e, etc. The situa- 
tion of La I'ayelte is a very fine one ; the ground rising grad- 
ually from the river, and the neighboring hills presenting 
nnieh delightful scenery. It is also sm-rounded by an exten- 
sive body of land, which can not be excelled in fertility, and it 
abounils with streams, which afford nmch valuable water- 
power. Pop. about G,000. 

La Fayf.tte, p. v., Linn co., la. : on a branch of Cedar r., 
32 m. N. by \V. Iowa City. 

La Fayette, p. <>., Christian co., K>/. : 1S2 m. S.TV. by W. 
Frankfort. 

La pAVinTE, p. o., Grafton county, iY Ilamp.: CG m. 
N. by W. Conconl. 

La Fayette, p. v., Sussex co., N. J-r. : on PauMnskill r., 
fiS m. N. Trent'. n. It contains a furnace, mill, several stores, 
and 100 inhabitants. 

La Fayette, t. and p. o., Onondaga co., K. Y. : 12Cra, 
W. by N. Albany. Drained E. by Butternut cr.. and "W. by 
Onondaga cr., which furnish power for sev(TaI flouring, 
saw, and grist mills. Surface hilly ; soil a clayey loam, and 
very productive In the N. W. is a large Iiulian Reserv^a- 
tiou, through which the proposed railroad from Binghamp- 
Xow to Syracuse is to pass. Pop. 2,532. 

359 



LAF 



LAH 



La FA-i-ETTR, p. v., Madison co., Ohio: oft Deer cr.,23 m. 
W. Columbus. Pop. 147. 

La FAYtriTE, t. ami p. o., M'Kcnn co., Pcnn. : 142 m. 
N. W. Harrisburg. Draineil by branches of Allcgliany r. 
Surface broken, and soil adapted to grass. Pop. U23. 

La Fatettb, p. v., and cap. Macun co., Tenn. : on Long 
creek, a head of Greene r., 47 m. E. N. E. Nashville. It 
contains a court-house, jail, a half dozen stores, and 200 in- 
habitants. 

La Eayette, p. o., Montgomery county, Yirg, : 149 m. 
W. by S. Uichmond. 

La Fay-ette, t. and p. o., "Walworth co.. Wise. : 5o m. 
E. y. E. Madison. The t. has a varied surface, fertile soil, 
and line mill streams flowin-i; into Fox r. A plauk-road 
passes through to liacine. Pop. of t l.OOS. 

La Favette, p. v., and caj). Yam Ildl co., Oreg. Ter. : 
at the falls just below the junction of the 1^. and ti. forks 
of Tarn Hill r., 24 m. N. N. W. Salem. The Yam llill r. is 
navigable for batteaux to within ii m. of this iilaee, and 
empties into the Willamette r., about 22 m. above the mouth 
of Tualatin river. 

La Fayette City, p. o., and cap. JefTorson par., La. : on 
the lufl bank of the Mississippi. 71 m. S.E. byE. Baton llouge. 
It is a continuation of New Orleans, and was consolidated 
under the same municipal government in 1S52. The New 
Orleans and Carroltou E. E. passes through it, and several 
ferries cross the river. In 1S50 four papers were published, 
the " State Eepublicau'' (whig)» and '' Statesman" (dem.), 
semi-weekly ; the " Spectator'' (whig), weekly ; and *' Ger- 
man Courier" (dem.), daily. Pop. 14,190. 

La Fayette Hill, p. c, Fluvanna county, Virg. : 49 m. 
"W. N. "W. Kichmond. 

La Fayettk Spko'gs, p. o., La Fayette co., Mm. : 135 m. 
N. N. E. Jackson. 

La Faybtteville, p. o., Buchess county, K. Y. : 47 m. 
S. by E. Albany. 

La Fontaine, p. c, Harlan co., Ky. : 129 ra. S. S. E. 
Frankfort. 

La Fontaine, p. o., "Wabash co., Iiid. : 76 m. N. by E. 
Indianapolis. 

La FouRCiiE Inteeioe parish, La. Situate S. E., and con- 
tains 1,-337 sq. m. Brained by Bayou La Fourche, which 
flows S. E. through the length of the co., and Bayou Blue, 
its S. \V. boundary, both connecting the Mississippi with the 
Gulf. Along the E. border are Allemande, "\Yasba, and 
Little lakes, and Earrataria Bay, connected by rivers, and 
emptying into the Gulf, and smaller ones in the interior. 
Surface low and level, much of it too wet for tillage. Soil 
of great productiveness, yielding heavy crops of cotton and 
sugar, which are the great staples, and universally culti- 
vated. Corn thrives very well, and some rice is grown. 
Ibarras 235 ; manuf. 4; dwell. 9^8, and pop,— wh. 5,143, fr. 
col. 22, si. 4,8GS— total 9,533. Capital .• Thibodeauxville, 

La Fourcue river, La. : an outlet of the Mississippi, which 
leaves the river above BonaldsonviUe, and after a S. E. 
course of 00 m. falls into the Gulf of Mexico. 

Lacaua, p. o., "Wilson co., Tejin. : 22 m. E. Nashville. 

La Grange county, /n/^ Situate N. E.,and contains SS6 
6q. m. Brained by Fawn, Pigeon, and Little Elkhart rivers, 
branches of St. Joseph's of Lake Michigan ; with these are 
connected many ponds, which feed fine mill streams, and 
afford excellent water-power. Surface mostly level ; about 
two-thirds of the county are barrens or oak-openings; the 
rest is mostly well timbered, and a little prairie. Soil in the 
openings, a sandy loam; in the forest-lands clay prepon- 
derates — everywhere good, and adapted to grain or grass. 
The openings produce wheat in profusion — the prairie corn, 
and tbe wooded parts grass and oats. The produce of all 
the grains is large, and groat numbers of cattle, horses, and 
swine are raised for market. Farms 1,062; manuf. 64; 
dwell. 1,470, and pop.— wh. 8,869, fr. col. IS— total 8,887. 
Capital : La Grange. 

La Grange, p. v., Franklin co., Ala. : 171 m. N. N. W. 
360 



Montgomery. It occupies a commanding eminence. La 
Grange College, founded in 1S30, is located lure. In 1S50 
it had 5 instructors, 140 alumni, 96 student?, and a library 
of 4,0U() volumes. 

La Grange, p, v., and cap. Troup co., Ga. : on a small 
branch t»f Chattahoocbic r., 109 m. W. Milledgeville. The v. 
contains acouri-house, jail, 2 academies, several stores, and 
600 inhabitants. It is on the La Grange E. E., 15 m. 
from West Point. The " Citizens' Eeporlcr" is published 
weekly. 

La Gi'.ANGE, p. v., and cap. La Grange co., In(7. : 131 m. 
N.by E. Indianapolis. It contains a court-house, academy, 
several large stores, ami 500 inliabitanls. A plank-road 
leads hence 12 m. to the N. Indiana E. E. 

La Grange, p. o., Monroe co., la.: near Cedar cr., 87 
"W. S. W. Iowa City. 

La Grange, p. v., Oldham county, Ky. : 30 m. N. W. 
Frankfort. The v. is on the Louisville and Frankfort E. E., 
.33 m. from Louisville, and is tbe site of a Masonic College, 
under the supen'isiou of the Grand Lodge of the State. 

La Grange, t. and p. o., Penobscot co., Me. : 78 m. N. E. 
Augusta. Brained by Birch and Pushaw rivers, branches 
of the Penobscot. Soil good, and well timbered. Lumber- 
ing is the chief business. Pop. 4S2. 

La Grange, t and p. v., Cass county, Mich.: 92 m, 
S.'SW by W. Lansing. Brained by affluents of St. Joseph's 
river, affording good mill-seats. Surface level, well liui- 
bered in parts, with prau-ie in the centre. Soil, superior 
wheat land. Pop. of 1. 1,327. 

La Grange, p. v., Lewis co., J/b. ; on the Mississippi, at 
the mouth of Wyaconda r., 104 m. N. N. E. Jefferson City. 
A landing-place, with a few stores. 

La Grange, p. o., Wyoming county, K. Y. : 224 m. "W. 
Albany. 

La Grange, sta., Erie co., X. Y.: on Buffalo and Stat« 
Line E. E., 29 m. from Buffalo. 

La Grange, p. o., Eandolph co., K. Car.: on E. side of 
Ultarie r., 82 m. "W. by N. Ealeigh. 

La Grange, t. and p. o., Lorain co., Ohio : 97 m. N. N. E. 
Columbus. Brained by E. antl W. branches of Black r., 
which afford water-power. Surface varied, and soil adapted 
to grain. The Cleveland, Columbus, and Cincinuati E. E. 
passes through it, 29 m. from. Cleveland. Pop. I,4ti2. 

La Gr.ANOE, p. o.,"Wyomingco.,i'enn.,; 97 m. N. E. by N, 
Ilarrisburg. 

La Grange, p. v., Fayette co., T&nn.: on the N. side of 
"Wolf cr., ISl m. W. S. ^Y. NashviHe. The Memphis and 
Charleston E. E. passes through this place, which contains 
an academy, several stores, and 500 inhabitants. 

La Grange, p. v., and cap. Fayeite county, Tex. : 55 m. 
E. S. E. Austin City. It is pleasantly situate<l on the left 
bank of the Colorado, about 100 m. above its moutli, aad 
contains a court-house, jail, academy, and 700 inhabitants. 
In the vicinity are quarries of a fine-grained sandstone, and 
dense forests of pine and cedar, affording the best of build- 
ing materials in immense quantities. 

La Grange, t. and p. o., "\Yalworth co., Wise: 44 m. 
E. S. E. Madison. The t. has an elevated surface, several 
ponds, and a good soil, producing grain, etc. Pop. 90G. 

La Grange Bluff, p. v.. Brown co., LU. : on the right 
bank of the Illinois, 47 m. ^V. by N. Springfield. 

La Grew Springs, p. o., Arkansas co., Arl: : 59 m. S. E. 
Little Eock. 

Laoro, p. v., "Wabash county, Liid. : on tlie N. side of 
"Wabash r., 73 ra. N. N. E. Indianapolis. The Salamonie r. 
here joins the "NVabash ; the Erie and Wab-ish Canal [hisses 
through the v., and plank-roads lead to Marion and Man- 
chesti-r. It has a large trade, and growing manufactures, 
and 700 inhabitants. The '* Indi.ana Eagle" (dem.) is pub- 
lished weekly. 

La Harpe, p. v., Hancock co., HI: S7 m. ^V. N. W. 
Springfield. 

Lauasi^a, p. 0., Bucks co., Peiin.: 93 ra. E. Ilarrisburg, 



LAI 



LAK 



liAiNG's, p. o., Monroe county, Ohio: 103 ni. E. by S. 
Columbus. 

LAiNiiSuuKca, p. o., Shiawassee co., Mich. : 31 m. N. E. 
Lansinjj. 

Laiiidsolle, p. v., Oneida co., i\'i Y. : 9G m. AV. N. AV. 
Albany. 

Laibhsville, p. o., Lycoming county, Pmn.: "4 m. N. 
llarri.sl)urg. 

Lake county, III. Situate N. E. comer, and cnnlains 4GS 
sq. ni. Fox r. passes S. on or near lliu W. imrdor, and 
Ilirough Pislakee lake in the N. W. corner, and Dts Plaines 
(or O'Plain) r. passes S. through tlie E.. parallel to the 
sliore of Lake Michigan, its E. boundary. It has numerous 
smaller lakes or ponds, and in the E. several swamps. Sur- 
face level or gently undulating; soil very fertile, and much 
of it prairie, a<tapted to grain or grass, raising heavy crops 
of wlR-at, corn, buckwheat, oats, and potatoes, and feeding 
great herds of cattle and swine. Thi- <Iairics are large, and 
very profitablf ; pork is a large export, and wool beginning 
to be. Its lake trade is important, markets convenient, 
water-power plenty, and is being brought into use. Farms 
l,hi>T,\ manuf. 43; dwell. 2,455, and pop.— wh. 14,187, fr.eol. 
89— total 14.*22(). Oipital : Waukegan. 

Lake county, InrL SiluaJe N. \V. comer, and contains 
4G9 sq. ni. Kankakee r. bounds it S., and Lake Michigan 
K., and their affluents Calumic, Cedar, and Eagle rivers, 
etc., drain it. Surface diversified — generally somewhat 
broken ; soil various, on the lake shore sand-hills, covered 
with dwarf pine and cedar ; farther S. is a rich alluvial tract, 
and S. of that a sandy loam, and on Kankakee r. large 
marshes. The central parts are excellent grazing ; the S. 
grows an altundance of grain. A large part is prairie and 
marl is plentiful. Farms 423; manuf. 5; dwell. 715, and 
pop.— wh. 3.000, fr. col. 1— total 3.991. Capital : Crown 
Point. Ptihlic Works : Northern Indiana E. K. ; Central 
Michigan K. K. 

Lake county, Mieh. Situate "W. middle, on Lower Pen- 
insula, and contains 576 sq. m. Drained by Notipceagon or 
Marquelle, and Mcmoosie rivers, and a branch of Manistee 
r.. allluents of Lake Michigan. Its bottoms are well tim- 
bered with oak and pine, and the soil is said to be very pro- 
duetivc. It is thinly settled, and has been organized since 

iN-U. 

Lake county, Ohio. Situate N. E. on Lake Erie, and 
contains 2'21 sq. m. Drained by Chagrine and Grand rivers 
and their branches. Surface rolling, and soil exceeiiing fer- 
tile. Cornand wheat are the leading crops. The other grains 
thrive well, and the grazing is of the best. Great numbers 
of cattle and hogs are raised for the Eastern markets, and 
the growth of wool is ver)' heavy. It has good comraereiai 
facilities, and ver}- important manufactures of lumber, flour, 
leather, iron, liquors, etc. Farms 1,449; manuf. 250 ; dwell. 
2.700, and pop.— wh. U.tiKJ, fr. col. 3S— total 14,654. Cap- 
ital : Paincsville. Public Work:-i : Cleveland, Painesville, and 
Ashtabula K. E. 

Lake, p. o., Washington county, ^\ Y. : 35 m. N. by E. 
Albany. 

Lake, t and p. o., J.uzcrne county, P^ivi.: 84 m. 
N. E. by N., Ilarrisburg. Surface rough. IJowman's Mount- 
ains are in the N., and JIarvey's Lake in the E., whieh fur- 
nishes a good mill-stream. Grazing is chiefly attended to. 
Pop. 730. 

Lake, t. and p. o.. Stark county, Ohio: 105 m. N. E. 
Columbus. Pop. 1,732. 

Lake, sta.. Lake co., Tnd. : on the Michigan Central E.K., 
20 m. "W. of Michigan City. 

Lake Cabuaway, p. o., Carroll par., Za.; 151 m. N. by W. 
Baton Eouge. 

Lake Cuamplatk {see Champlain lake). 

Lake CuAnLES, p. o., Calcasieu par., La.: 129 m. W. 
Baton Eouge. 

Lake Comfort, p. o., Hyde co., 2^. Car. : 133 m. E. by S. 
Ealeigh. 

X2 



Lake Ckebk, p. o., Lamar co,, Teir.: on an affluent of 
Sutjdiur cr. so called, 251 m. N. E. by N. Austin City. 

Lake Dp.um.mond, p. o., Norfolk co., I7/(/. ; bS m. S. E. 
Eichmond. 

Lake Erie (■•vw Erie lal;e). 

Lake Guiffin, J). o., Marion co., Flor.: at the head of 
Oclawaha r., ISS m. S. E. by ]■:. Tallahassee. 

Lake Huron (■**•<,' IIurox lake). 

Lakeland, p. o. and sta., Sutfolk co., A' Y. :V2d m. S. S. E. 
Albany. The station is 40 m.lrum Brooklyn on tlie Loug 
Island K. E. 

Lake Landing, p. o., Hyde eo., N. Car. : 152 m. E. by S. 
Ealeigh. 

LakeMLveia, p. v., Marquetla co., Wise: near Ihe lake 
of that name, 46 m. N. by E. Madison. 

Lake Michigan (see Michigan lake). 

Lake Mills, t. and p. o,, JetTt-rson co., Wittc. : 2:> m. E. 
Madisi>D. The t. has a tine soil for the grains, gooil water- 
power, and rapidly increasing manufactures. Pop. ?S4. 

Lake of the Desert. Micli. and Wi.\r. : an inconsiderable 
lakelet, about half-way between ihe mouths of Ihe Montreal 
an^l Menomonec rivers, through the former of whieh it 
empties into Lake Superior. The boundary line between 
the Upper Peninsula and the State of "Wisconsin i)a5se3 
through its waters. 

Lake Ontario (see Ontario lake). 

Lake Pleasant, t. and p. v., Hamilton co., K. Y. : 65 m. 
N. W. by N. Albany. Drained by Siicandaga, Cedar, and 
Jessup's rivers, branches of the Uudstm. It extends some 
50 m. N. and S., and is mostly a wilderness dotted with 
beautiful lakes, the largest of which are Eound Lake, Lake 
Emmons, and Lake Pleasant, on the "SV. shore of which 
latter is the small village of that name. It atfords unsur- 
passed facilities fur hunting and fishing, and is much resorted 
to for those purposes. Pop. 305. 

Lakeport, p. v., Madison co., X. Y. : 112 in. Vi, by N. 
Albany. 

Lake Providence, p. v., Carroll par., La. : on the right 
bank of the Mississippi, 156 ra. N. Baton Eouge. It con- 
tains a court-house, jail, hospital, several stores and ware- 
houses, and 600 inhabitants. Cotton is shipped in iargo 
quantities, and a considerable trade with the interior is 
carried on. Two newspapers are published here, " I^e Ee- 
publicain" (whig) and the "Carroll Watchman," both weekly 
issues. The lake consists of an ancient be<l of the Missis- 
sippi r., which has taken a different course, and in the north 
and south part the entrance from the river is entirely closed. 
Its outlet to the S. forms Tensas r. This v. is selected as one 
of the points from which the Louisiana and Texas II. 11. 
ought to commence. 

Lake Eidge, p. o., Tompkins co., X Y. : 140 m. AY. by S. 
Albany. 

Lake St. Claib, Jfich. : between Canada and Michigan. 
It is by far the smallest of the chain of lakes eonnecling 
Lake Superior with the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Lai. 42^ 52' 
N., and long 82'^ 25' W. It is 24 m. long, and in circumfer- 
ence 90 m., and 20 feet deep. Its banks are alluvial, ele- 
vated 20 feet above the water, and have an undulating 
surface. Its principal tributary streams are the Clinton r. 
from the "W., and the rivers Chenal, Ecarte, and Tiiames 
from Canada. It is a beautiful lake, with clear and trans- 
parent waters. 

Lakesville, p. v., Dorchester co., MJ. : S. of Little Chop- 
tank r.. 41 m. S. E. Annapolis. 

Lake [Superior (see Shperior lake). 

Lake Swamp, p. o.. Horry disl., S. Car.: about 4 m. S. 
nf Lumber r., 107 m. E. by N. Columbia. 

Laketon, p. v., Wabash eo., Ind. : about 1 hl W. of 
Eel r., S3 ra. N. by E. Indianapolis. 

Lakt. View, p. v., Dane co., UV.sr, : 6 m. S. by E. Madison. 
The Milwaukie and Mississippi E. E. wUl pass through it. 

Lake Villaoe. p. v. and sta.. Belknap co.. .V. //amp. : 
on an arm of Wiunepiseogce Lake, 25 m. X. by E. Concord. 

861 



LAIC 



LAN 



It is on the Boston, Concord, and Montreal R. K., 29 m. 
from Cuncurd. 
Laktville. p. v., Litclifield co., Conn. 
Laki'Villic, p. v., Oakland county, Mich.: 71 m. E. 
Lansinsr. 

Lakbville, sta., Ashland county, 0?iio: on the Ohio and 
Pennsylvania K. K., 16 m. W. of "Wiwsler. At or near this 
puint, the Sprint^tUrld, Minint Vernon, and Pittsburg K. K. 
will interseet the hne and form its best and most durect 
coniiet'tion witli Cincinnati. 

Lakkvillr, p. v., Livintiston co., 2^. T.: at the'N. end 
of Conc'sus Lake. 209 m. W. by N. Albany. The Buffalo, 
Corning, and New York It. E. passes near it 

Lakeville, p. o., St Joseph county, Ind, : IIS m. N. 
Indianapolis. 

Lake Wacoamaw, sta., Columbus co., Jf. Car. : 32 m. 
"VV. of Wilmington, on the Wilmington and Manchesttr C. R. 

Lake Zueicii, p. v., Lake county, ///. : 18S m. N. N. E. 
Springfield. It is a thriving v. on the borders of a pond so 
called. 

Lamar county- Tex. Situate N. E. on Red r., and con- 
tains 1,1S9 sq. m. Drained N. by Sander's and Upper and 
Lower Pine creeks of Red r., and S. by N. fork of Sulphur 
r. and its affluents, Brigham's, Crockett's, Honey, Hickory, 
Sandy, Mulberry creeks, etc. Surface diversified, with hills 
in the S., and a wide belt of river bottom in the N. ; soil of 
great fertility, that on Red r. yields almost incredible crops 
of corn and cotton, and is never failing. The other portions 
afford excellent grazing, and good returns of potatoes and 
grain. Most of the county is heavily timbered with oak, 
walnut, ash, elm, and cedar. Cotton is the staple. Farms 
409; manuf. T; dwell. 497, and pop.— wh. 2,S93) fr. col. 0, 
si. 1,0S5— total. 3,97S. Capital: Paris. 

Lamar, p. c, Marshall county, Miss. : 179 m. N. by E. 
Jackson. 

Lamar, p. c, Randolph county, Ala. : 77 m. N. N. E. 
Montgomery. 

Lamar, p. v., Refugio co., Tex. : on the N. side of tlie en- 
trance into Aransas Bay. 154 ra. S. by E. Austin City. It 
lias a favorable position for commerce, having a fine harbor 
in its vicinity and a linjited trade on the coast. Pop. 500. 

Lamar, p. v., Lake co., III. : 197 m. N. N. E. Springfield. 

Lamak, t. and p. o., Clinton co., Penn. : 67 m. N. N. W. 
Harrisburg. Drained by Big Fishing and Cedar creeks. 
Surface rugged, with valleys of rieh loam. It is well sui> 
plied with water-power, and haa large flouring and saw 
mills and extensive iron-works. 

Lamartine, p. o,, Clari(/n eo., Perm. : 107 m. "W. N. "W. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Lamartine, p. o., "Washita co., Ark. : S6 m. S. S. W. 
Little Rock. 

Lamartine, p. o., Giles county, Tenn.: 69 m. S. by W. 
Nashville. 

Lamartine, p. o., Carroll co., Ohio: 103 m. E. N. E. 
CoKinibua. 

Lamartine, p. o., Benton county, ^/'/..* 9S m. N. N. E. 
Montgomery. 

Lamartine, t and p. o.. Fond du Lac co., TI7.sc. ; G6 m. 
N. E. Madison. It has an even surface, with some water- 
powi-r and some low land. Pop. 5IS. 

Lamawco, v., Vanderburg co., IruL: on the N. side of 
Ohio r., at the confluences of Little cr., ana immediately W. 
of Evansville, It is a new village founded by Law, M'Call, 
and Scott, and is named from the first letters of the several 
names — .La-ma-sco — of those gLMiiloincn. Its prosperity 
will be developed with that of I'vansville. 

Lamrertsville, t and p. v., Hunterdon county, Ti'. Ji^r. : 
on the E. bank of Delaware r, 14 m. N. W. by N. Trenton. 
It has a favorable situation for tracK^ and manufactures, 
which arc prosecuted extensively. The liclvidere Dela- 
ware R. R. passes the v. 17 m. from Trenton. A literary 
weekly, the "Delaware Valley Diarist," is published. Pop. 
of I 1,417. 
362 



Lambertville, p. 0., Monroe co., Micfi. ; 73 m. S. E. 
Lansing. 

LAMHiTRGn, p. v., Iroquois co., lU. : on the right bank of 
Kankakee r., 132 m. N. E. Springfield. 

La Mine, p. o.. Cooper co.. Mo. : on the river so called, 
about 4 m. S. of the Missouri, 44 m. N. "W. Jefferson Cily. 

La Mine river. Mo.: a tributary of the Missouri. It 
rises in Lafayette and Johnson counties, and flowing E. en- 
ters the above river 5 or 6 m. above Booneville. It receives 
the Blaekwater about 20 m. from its confluence with the 
Missouri. These rivers arc navigable for keel boats for a 
considerable distance. 

Lamington, p. o., Russell county, Ala.: 6S miles E. 
Montgomery. 
La Mira, p. 0., Belmont co., Ohio : 102 m. E. Columbus. 
Lamoille county, F*??*"?. Situate N. W., and contains 
454 sq. m. Drained by Lamoille r. and its branches, and 
S. by Waterbury r., a branch of Onion r., both alfluents of 
Lake Champlaiu. Surface broken and mountainous. The 
Green Mountains pass through tlie co. The Mansfield 
Mountains, a branch of the Green Mountain range, lies in 
the S., and are among the highest in the Slate — one summit 
is 4,279, and another 3,933 feet high. The face of the co. is 
not prepossessing, being much scarred by rough and rocky 
elevations, but it has many fertile valleys and much fine pas- 
ture. Corn and wheat yield well, but oats and potatoes 
much better, and grazing is the chief business. The pro- 
duce of the dairy, live stock, beef, and wool, are the leading 
exports. The rugged hills are well grown with timber, and 
the maple furnishes abundance of sugar for consumption 
and export. The hills are also the sonrces of many streams, 
which furnish much water-jjower for its valuable manul^ac- 
tures of leather, woolen goods, and "Yankee notions." 
Farms 1,082 ; manuf. 42 ; dwell. 2,022, and pop.— wh. 10,SG9, 
fr. col. 3— total 10,872. Capital : Hyde Park. 

Lamoille, p. v.. Bureau co., III. : on a tributar}' of Illi- 
nois r., 123 m. N. Springfielil. 

Lamoille river, Verm. : a considerable stream rising in 
Long Pond, on the N. W. border of Caledonia county, 
whence its course is W. by N. to Lake Gliamphiin, into 
which it falls, 12 m. N. Burlington. It has numerous trib- 
utaries, and its falls produce an immense and valuable 
water-power. 
La Motte, p. v., Jackson co., la. : 61 m. N. E. Iowa City. 
Lampeter, t and p. o., Lancaster county, Penn. : 37 m. 
E. S. E. Ilarrisburg. Drained by Mill and Pecquea creeks 
and Conestoga r^ which furnish good water privileges. 
Surface uneven, and soil fertile and highly culti\-ated. 
Leather and woolen goods are made. Pop. 3,5S6. 

Lami'sville, p. v., Belmont county, Ohio : 103 miles E. 
Columbus. 

Lamson's, p. o. and sta., Onondaga co., iVI 3' ; about 1 m. 
"W. of Oswego r.f 141 m. W. by N. Alb.any. The sta. is 
IS m. S. of Oswego, on the Oswego and Syracuse R. R. 

Lanark, p. o., Bradley county, Ark.: 69 ra. S. by E. 
Little Rock. 

Lancaster county, P&nn. Bituate S. E., and contains 
933 sq. m. Drained by Conestoga, Pecquea, Conewango, 
and other creeks, affluents of the Susquehanna, which forms 
its S. "W. boundary. Surface much diversified ; parts very 
hilly, and parts with only an agreeable variety of hill and 
valley; affording much of the most delightful scenery to be 
found in the Union, particularly on the banks of tlic Susque- 
hanna. Soil of excellent quality, equally adapted to grass 
and grain, and under a superior cultivation. Corn, wheat, 
rye, and oats, produee great crops — the cereal staples. The 
dairies are large, widely known, and very profitable; beef 
and pork are important exports, and wool is sheared to a 
large amount The streams afford unlimited water-power, 
whicli is at! employed in manufactures of iron, flour, hnu- 
ber, woolen and cotton goods, leather, liquors, earthenware, 
etc. Iron, flour, and lumber, funiaees and mills, employ a 
large capital, and form a leading uitercst with the eilixcna. 



LAN 

Farnia 5,li29; manuf. 1,146; dwell. 1T,13S, and pop.— wli. 
95,31S, fr. col. S.tWO— lolal 98,944. Cupitnl: Laucaslcr. 
Pnblic Worts: I'liiladelphia and Columbia K. E.; Colum- 
bia Brancli E. K. ; Ilarrisburg and l.ancasler E. E. ; Tide- 
water Canal, etc. 

LisCASTEE district, S. Car. Situated N. centrally, and 
contains 5li'2 sq. m. Bounded W. by Catawba r., E. \iy 
Lyncli's cr., and drained by tlieir allluents. Surliiee ele- 
vated, and soniewliat broken. Soils mostly very fertile. 
Cotton is the staple jiroduct, and very large crops arc raised. 
Corn is the chief cereal, and wheat of a good quality is con- 
siderably raised. It Las several good water privileges, and 
some manufactures. Farms 5yl: maTiuf. 203; dwell. 1,090, 
and pop.— wh. .'i.SSl, fr. col. 113, si. 5,014— total 10,988. 
Ct'pittd : Lancaster. 

Lasc^wteb county, rirff. Situate E., at the mouth of 
Eappahannock r., and contains 90 sq. m. The Eappahan- 
noek forms its S. W. boundary, and several small creeks 
flow through the co. into it— among them, Carter's cr., 
noted for its excellent oysters. Surface varied, with no 
gre.it elevation. Sod of average fertility, producing chiefly 
corn and oat.s. It has good timber, pine and oak in abund- 
ance. Farms 299; manuf. 4; dwell. 420, and pop.— wh. 
1,805, fr. eol. 203, si. 2,640— total 4,703. Capital: Lancas- 
ter Court-house. 

Lanc.vstkk, p. v., Cass county, II!.: 21 m. W. N. W. 
Springfield. 

Lancastek, p. v., JcfTersnn county. Ind. : 72 m. S. S. E. 
Indianapolis. It lies within 2 m. of the Madison and In- 
dianapolis li. R. 

Lancarteb, p. v., and cap. Garrard co., Ki/. : about 3 m. 
E. of Dick's r., 42 m. S. S. E. Frankfort. It contains a court- 
house, jnil, 2 academies, several stores, and GOO inhabitants. 
Lascastek, t, and p. v., Worcester Co., i/ii,M. : 33 m. 
W. Iiy N. Boston. Drained by Nashua r. and its 'W. branch 
—large streams, which supply fine water-power. Surface 
much varied- parts are quite hilly, while the rivers are i 
bor.lcred with extensive alluvial meadows ; soil generally 
of superior quality, equally fitted for grass or grain. For 
farming its facilities are great, and none of them over- 
looUedrand for manufacturing little inferior. The articles 
made are numerous and steadily increasing in amount ; 
among Ihem are cotton and woolen goods, boots and shoes, 
leather, hats, combs, mechanic's tools, cabinet ware, etc. 
The ■Worcester and Nashua E. E. pa.sscs through the town 
ab.ng Uie river, and the sla. is 19 m. N. of Worcester. The 
village is on a plain, at the jundi..n of the two branches of 
the river, surnran.ied by hills, and contains an academy, a 
bank, and several stores. Pop. of t. 1.0S8. 

Lancaster, p. v., and cap. Schuyler CO., Mo. : 1.33 m. 
N. by W. .Jefferson City. It contains a court-house, and 
several stores and dwellings. 

Lancaster, t., p. v., and cap. Coos CO., jV. Hamp. : on 
the Conneclicut r., along which the t. extends about 10 m., 
88 m. N. Concoril. Drained by Israel's r. and its branches, 
which .Afford good water-power. Surface level, and soil 
very ferlile along the Connecticut ; the E. parts are too rug- 
ged for tillage, but furnish excellent pasture. The v. ex- 
tenils N. from Israel's r., which has several dams on it, 
about 1 m. from the Conneclicut, and contains a court- 
house, jail, 2 lianks, an acTdcmiy, and several stores and 
mills. The " Ci«)s County Democrat" is published here 
weekly. Pop. of 1 1,650. 

Lancaster, t., p. v., and sta., Eric co„ K T.: 2.53 m. 
W. by N. Albany. Drained by Ellicott's, Cayuga, and 
Seneca creeks, on which are several large mills. Surface 
undulating; soil a rich lo.am, yielding fine crops of gr.iss 
and grain. The Bufl'alo and Uochester K. E. and BulTalo 
and New York City E. E. cross the township, .and the 
sla. is 10 m. from Buffalo. The v. is on Cayuga cr., and 
contains 3 hotels, several mills and stores, and 800 inliabil- 
anls. Pop. of t. S,794. 
LAKCA.'iTEn, p. v., and cap. Fahrflcld co., Ohio : on the 



LAN 

upper pan of llockijig r., 27 m. S. E. Columbus. It is well 
laiil out on both sides of the r., and contains a court-house 
and j.ail, several large flouring and other mills, extensive 
machine shops, and many elegant stores. It enjoys a large 
trade with the surrounding country, and is the outlet of its 
produce, which here reaches the Hocking Canal 9 ni. from 
il.s junction with Ihe Ohio Canal. The " Ohio Eagle" (dem.), 
arul "L. Gazette"' (whig), both publish daily and weekly 
editions, and the " L. Telegraph" Olem.). is published week- 
ly. The Wihninglon aud Zanesville E. E. piisses through it. 
Pop. 3,4s3. 

Lancysteb, f ., p. city, and cap. Lancaster CO., Perm. : on 
the right side of, ami 1 ', m. from, Conestoga cr., IS m. from 
its confluence with the Susquehanna, and l'>4 miles F. S. E. 
Ilarrisburg. Lat. 40° 02' 80" N., and long. 70° 20' Si" W 
109 m. N. N. E. Washington. It is a cond'orlable city, with 
wide streets crossing eacli other at right angles, well paved, 
and lighted with gas. The city is divided into four wiu-ds. 
Mauy of the dwellings have an antique .•ijjpearance, but 
generally are well built of brick and stone ; and the iuhali- 
itants are supplied with water by means oi; an artificial 
basin and conducting pipes. The court-house is a hand- 
some structure. Pop. in 1810, 5,407 ; in 1820, 0,003 ; in 18:!0, 
7.704 ; in 1840, 8,417 ; and in 1850, 12,305. Previous to ISl'J 
il was the capiuil of the State ; it was originally chartered as 
a borough m 1754, and was incorporated as a city in ISIS. 
Lancaster is venerable on account of its associations w ith tho 
jiast, and remarkable for its modem progress. It has ever 
been a place of trade, and a main cntrepflt of the eonuucrco 
between the sea-board and interior. The rapid increase of 
the city in later days is owing chiefly to its railroad con- 
nections, and tho consequent development of the vicinity 
on account of the increased facilities of travel and transporta- 
tion. The Uncs connecting at this point, 70 miles from 
Philadelphia, and 87 from Ilarrisburg by route, are the 
Philadelphia and Columbia K. K., and tho Lancaster and 
Ilarrisburg E. E. ; forming portions of the great east and 
west I'me across the State. The improvements of Concof og.-! 
cr. are also available to Lancaster. Numerous manufactures 
are carried on in the town and city ; it baa two large cotton 
mills, 1 steam furnace, 1 rolling mill, and three forges— the 
latter using water-power— and a largo variety of mechanic 
shops. Stores of every description arc numerous, and have 
a large wholesale aud retail trade ; and the large nmnbcr of 
hotels and taverns are evidence of the prosperous condition 
of the country trade, which requu'es such accommodation. 
There are four banks in Lancaster ; and there are, besides 
the manufactiu-cs above-named, numerous distilleries, brew- 
eries, potteries, priuling establishments, bhideries, etc. It 
is also well supplied with chiurches and schools— one of 
the latter, a well-endowed institution, and fonnerly loiown as 
Franklin College, founded chiefly by Germans in 17S7; and 
has several libraries, and other lilemry institutions. Tho 
pubhc press of the city consists of nine weekly newspapers 
and one montlily; tho latter being tho "American Law 
.Journal." The newspapers are, the " Union and Tribune," 
the " Folks' Friend," the " Examiner and Herald," the "L. 
Oazetle," and the " American Press and liepubhean" (.ill 
whig); the " Laneasterian" and "L. Intelligencer" (both 
dem.), the " Saturday Express" (temperance), and the " Co- 
lumbia Spy." The city is surrounded by a very fertile, highly 
cultivated, and populous country. 

Lancaster, p. v., and cap. Keokuk county, la.: be- 
tween Skunk river and its N. fork, 39 m. S. W. Iowa City. 
It contains a court-house, several stores, aud about 30i i inhab- 
itants. 

Lancaster, t., p. v., and cap. Grant county, JTm-c. ; 09 m. 
W. S. W. Madison. Drained by a branch of Grant r., whii'h 
has considerable fall. Surface uneven, and soil well adaptc.l 
to wheat. It is in tho mineral region, ami has lead veins in 
the S part. The v. contains a court-hou-se, high school, 
several stores, and 300 inhabilauLs. The "Grant County 
Uerald" (.whig) U published weekly. Pop. of 1. 1,032. 



LAN' 

Lakcastee, p. y.. Smith co., Tfna. : on W. side of Caney 
fork ofCiiiulHTland r., 51 ro. E. by S. NashvlUc. 

Lanc.\sti:p. C. il.. p- v., ami cap. Laiie:u-ter dist., .S Air. ; 
on a small branoli of Calawaba r., 4S m. N. by E. Columbia. 
II contains a couR-liouse, jail, 2 academies, several stores, 
and 200 inhabitants. 

LASc.isrrK C. 11., p. v., and cap. Lanca-Sler CO., Tlrg. : 
B3 m. E. by X. Kichmond. It contains a court-house and 
several dwellings. 

L\SDAFF, t. and p. o., Graflon county, X. Tlamp.: Si m. 
X. by W. fonoord. Drained by brancliM of Ammonoosuc 
r. Surface much broken. LandalT Mountain is in the E. 
Soil in the lower parts ver)' fertile. Iron ore is found in the 
norih. Pop. 04S. 

LANPrTisviLLE, p. o., Lawroncc CO., Ala. : 157 m. N. X. "W. 
Montgomery. 

L.usDGKOvE, t. and p. o., Benninztou CO., Term. : 72 ni. 
S. by "W. Montpelier. Drained by West r. Surface elevated, 
and generally too rough for cultivation. Pop. 8.S7. 

Lan-disbitjgii, p. v.. Perry Co.. P.^nn.: 2S m. W. by >I. 
Ilarrisburg. Jt contains several stores, and a tUmaco of 
l.ltXi tons annual capacity. 

L.onisvTLLi!, p. o., Lancaster CO., Pfnn. : 20 m. E. by S. 
Ilarrisburg. 

L.vNn OF PEO>nsE, p. o., Princess Anne co., Virg. : 102 m. 
S. E. Richmond. 

L.v>-DSD0W>-, p. 0., Prince William co., Vlrg. : S4 m. N. 
Kichmond. 

Lasdsfoed, p. o., Chesterdist, S.C<ir. : 2 m.W. Catawba 
river, 49 m. N. Columbia. 

Laxe county, Oreff. Sitnate S., and contains a large area 
of perhaps 50.000 sq. m. It has Liim co. on the N., Vmf- 
qua CO. on Ilic W., between it and the Pacific, and an 
unorganized region, attached to Umpqua co.. on the S. The 
Cascade range of mountains, which run parallel to the 
ocean through the territory, crcwscs the W. part of the co., 
separating the waters of its streams. West of this range it 
is drained by Long Tom, Coast, Middle, and M'Kenie"s 
forks, head streams of Willamette r., which flows N. into 
the Columbia, and E. by Fall r. and its branches, pursuing 
a N. course, and emptying into the Columbia far to the E. 
of the Willamette. It has fine streams, skirted with noble 
forests of gigantic growth, and is mostly in possession of the 
re<l man. Of its soil and protlucts under cultivation, little 
is known, it being scarcely settled, and but just organized. 

Lane. p. o,, Elkhart county, Ind. : 127 m. X. by E. 
Indianapolis. 

La.nffiei.o. p. v.. TTaywood co., Tt^nn.: on S. bank of 
Forked Deer r., 141 m. W. by S. Xashville. 

Lakesbop.o', t. an<i p. v.. Berkshire Co., Masx.: 114 m, 
W. by X. Boston. It consists chiefly of a valley of great 
fertility, through which flow several heads of Ilousatonic 
and Iloosic rivers. The higher parts are excellent grazing 
land, and the lower highly cultivated and very productive 
farms. Wool is a heavj' e\p<*rt ; limestone is abundant, and 
beautifhl marble and graphic slate are foun<l. In the S. is a 
pond much resorted to by Ashing parties, and through the 
E. passes the Pitlsfleld and Xnrlli A.lan\s li. K., East Lanes- 
boro' Station being 6 m. N. of Pitlsnild. The v. contains 
an academy and several stores. The new State Prison has 
recently been located here Pop. 1,226. 

LANESBonorcn, p. o., Anson co,, X. Car. : on Lane cr. of 
Eocky r., 107 m. S. W. by W. Ealeigh. 

Lan-esbohocgu, p. v., Susquehanna Co., Penn.: on the 
E. side of C.annew.acta cr., Itt m. N. E. by X. Ilarrisburg. 
ll contains 2 hotels, sevenil mills and tanneries, and oOO in- 
habitants. The Erie R. I:, passes over the r. on a trcssle 
bridge, 450 feet long, and 7" feet above the creek. 

Laxe"s Creek, p. o., Union co., X. Car. : on a branch 
of Rocky r.. 112 m. S. W. by W. i;.nleigh. 

Lanes PRAmre, p. c, Osage county, J/b. ; S6 m. S. E. 
Jefferson City. 
Ljj,-EiviLi.E, p. v., Ilarrison county, Ind. : 108 m. S. 
364 



LAN 

Indianapolis. A plank-road passes through from Corydon 
to New Albany. 

L.vNEsviLLE. sta., Marion co., Ind. : on the Indianapolis 
and Bellcfontaine 1'.. 1!., 9 m. from Indianapolis. 

L.ixeviLLE. p. v., Floyd CO., Ay. .' on tlie W. fork of Big 
Sandy r., 162 m. E. S. E. Erankfiirt. 

Lanistille, p. o.. King William CO., Virg. : 26 m. N. X. E, 
Richmond. 

Laxgdox, p. v., Du Page county, III. : 164 m, N. N. E. 
Springfield. 

Laxgdox, L and p. o., Sullivan co., X. ITamp. : 41 m. 
W. by S. Concord. Drained by Cold r. Surface various ; 
soil fertile and well timbered. A tirming and grazing town. 
Pop. 575. 

Lasgdox's, sta., .lackson co., Ind. : on the JolTersonvillo 
P.. E., 26 in. S. of Columbus. 

Laxguarxe's Tavern, p. o., Cumberland co., Virg. : 41 
m. W. Richmond, 
Laxgley, p, o,, Fairfax co., Virg. : 89 ra, N, Richmond. 
Laxgsbury, p. o., Camden Co., Ga. : near Little St. lUa 
river, 166 m. S. E. by S. Milledgeville. 

Laxgstox, p. o., Jackson county, Ata. : about 7 m. E, 
Tennessee r,, 145 m. X. by E. Montgomery. 

LiXGSvnxE, p. v., Meigs county, Oluo : 73 m. S. E. 
Columbus. 

Laxguille, p. o., St. Francois co.. Ark. : near the branch 
of SL Francis r. so called, S2 m, E, by X. Little Itock. 

Lanier, p. v., and cap. Macon co., Ga. : about 3 m. W. 
Flint river, 09 m. S. W. Jlillcdgevillc. It contains a court- 
house, jail, and 150 inhabitants, 

Laxn.\ua&>ee. p. o., Stewart co.. Go. : near Kickafoone 
cr. of Flint r., 107 m. S. W. Milledgeville. 

Lansing, p. v., Outagamie CO., HVoc ; 122 m. X. X. E 
Madison, 

Lansing, t., p, city, and cap. Ingham co., jl/icA., and cap. 
of the State of Michig-.m : on the right or N. bank of Grand 
river, in a direct line, 45S m. X. W. by W. Washington. 
Lat. 42° 43' X., and long. 84° 29' W. The U is dr.iined by 
Grand river, which in the centre receives Cedar r. from the 
E.. and has also several minor streams, all affording an im- 
mense hydraulic power. Grand r. is here navigable for 
batteaux ; the surface is level, and the soils rich ami pro- 
ductive, yielding the grains and esculent veget.ables abund- 
antly. The city was commenced in 1S17, and on the 251h 
December of that year Ix-came the permanent seat of the 
State government; previous to that it was a wildenu-ss, 
without an inhabit.anr. It is now a place of considerable 
pretension, and its future is predestined to be one of pros- 
perity. The streets and squares are well arranged, and its 
public buildings projected on a scale of more than ordin.iry 
elegance. The State House, a large .and handsome e/lificc, 
surrounded by an inclosed park, is situate on an eminence 
.'JO feet above the river, and overlooking a beautiful region 
of woodland and inttrvalc. It contains, besides, several 
steam aud water mills for flouring and s:iwing, and h.as two 
fine hotels, about 250 dwellings, and 10 or 12 wholes,ile and 
retail stores. Two newspapers, the '* ilichigan State Jour- 
nal" (dem.), issued weekly, and the " Primitive Expounder" 
(whig), semi-weekly. Pop. of 1. 1,226. 

Lansing, p. v.. and cap. .Mlemakee co., la. : on the right 
bank of the Mississippi, US in. X. by E. Iowa City. It has 
a landing on the river, and contains a few stores and dwell- 
ings. 

LAxsixGErRG, L and p. v., Rensselaer co., X. Y. : 9 m. 
N. by E. Albany. Drained by creeks of Hudson r., which 
on the W. forms its Iwundary. Surface near the river 
1 level, in the E. somewhat hilly: soil gravelly and clay 
loam. The village, at the head of sloop navigation, on the 
Hudson, is a flourishing place, and with streets intersecting 
at right angles, and contains many substantial and neal 
buildings. It has 9 churches, numerous stores, wholesale 
and retail, hotels, griKeries. etc., a bank, and several cxtens- 
I ive and importanl manufactures, among which are those 



LAN 



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of fire-arms, bruslica, iron and copper ware, oil floor-clntli, 
eic, ami also plaster, flour, and olher mills ; it is nolcd, also, 
/or its malL Three nL-wspapt-rs arc published in llic v.. the 
"L. Detiioerat," and the " L. Gazette," both issuctl weekly, 
and the " Golden Ilule," a nionlhly issue. The v. h:i» also 
several sehools and a good .ica<Iemy. J^everal !*Io<']ks, etc., 
arc owned here, and arc employed on the river. Th<! State 
Dam, between liere and Troy, 1,100 feet long and y feet 
liit:h. fortii3 a spacious basin, and by means of a lotk ena- 
bleri vessels to eome up to this place; an<I a bridi;c aen>5s 
the Hudson connects it with Walerl'ord ; and the Troy and 
Boston It, 11. passes through it, counecting it with the rail- 
roads to the North and South. Pop. in ls40, ;5,!J30, and in 
1&50, 5.T52, of which about 4,:J0O are in the village. It is 
one of the most improving \ illages of the State, and with its 
present facilities of water an<I land travel and transjiorta- 
tion, must continue to rise in Ihe scale of iniportanco. 

Lansingvilli:, p. v., Tompkins cc, _V. Y.: 14G m. TV. 
Albany. 

L.vo.vA, p. v., Chautauque county, X. V. : on C'anadawa 
creek, 293 m. AV. Albany. It is a thriving village, otntain- 
ing several mills and 500 inliabiumls. 

Laona, p. v., "Winnebago co.. Jil. : 192 m. X. Ppringfleld. 

Lapeer county, Mich. Situate S. K- and contains 720 
sq. m. Drained by Flint r. and its branehos flowing into 
Saginaw r. and bay, and j^Iill cr.. Belle r. and N. branch 
of Ointtm r., flowing into j^t. Clair r. and lake. Surface 
gently undulating. The soil is mostly oak-openings ; the 
N. is well wooded with oak, elm, beech, maple, and pine — 
the last abundant on Flint r, an<i of excellent quality. Soil 
on the streams very fertile, and superior /or tillage. There 
is much first-rate pasture between them. Cattle, pork, and 
grain are the staples. There are many small streams in the 
CO, ; all are fine mill-streams, and the water-power is of 
great value. Farms 62S ; manuL 45; dwell. 1.2S6, and 
pop.— wh. 7,007, U. col. 22— total T,029. CajAtal : Lapeer. 

Lapep.r, t. and p. o., Cortiandt ajunty, K Y.: 122 m. 
"W, by S. Albany. Drained by Tioughnioga creek and 
branches. Surface uneven, and soil clayi-y loam, admirably 
tdaptcd to grain-growing, which is tlic chief business. In- 
corporated in 1S15. Pop. S22. 

Lapbfk, t, p. v., and cap. Lapeer county, Mich. ; 6G m. 
E. by N. Lansing. Drained by Flint r. and its branches, 
which afford much superior water-power. Surface rolling, 
and soil very fertile. The v. is at the junction of Farmer's 
cr. with Flint r., and has abundant water-power in its vicin- 
ity. It cmtuins a court-house and jail, an academy, several 
flouring and other mills, and growing mannfacturc-s. The 
**L. County Democrat" is iniblished weekly. Pop. of L 1,407. 

Lapiumsville, p. v., Kent co., Mich. : 47 m. "W. by N. 
Lansing. 

L-iPLASD, p. 0., Buncombe county, ]^. Car. : 245 m. V!". 
Ealeigh. 

La Pointe county. Wise. Situate X. W., and contains 
about -lA'tf) sq. m. Drained S, W. by St. Croix r. and its 
numerous tributaries, S. E. by heads of Chippewa r., all 
aflluenLf of the Mississippii, and N. by St. Lf^uis r., Mashke" 
r., Burnt Wood r., and smaller streams flowing N. into 
Lake Superior, its X. boundary. With its streams are cou- 
nccled many large ponds, affonling excellent fish, and much 
of the CO. is covered with swamps. The chief products are 
fish, game, and furs, and the inhabitants Indians, hunters, 
and trappers, with a few traders. Farms 5; nianuf. 1; 
dwell. 74, and pop.— wh. 4S3, fr. col. 6— total 4S9. CujAtal : 
La Pointe. 

La Poixte, p. v., La Pointe co., Wise. : on S. end of 
Madeline Island, 2S6 ra. N. by W. Madison. 

Lapomba, p. o., La Fayette co., J//**, ; 129 ra. X. by E. 
Jackson. 

Xl\ Pokte county, Jtu?. Situate N. W., and contains 552 
sq. ni. Drained by Kankakee r. and its affluents. Calimuc 
river and Trail cr., the last emptying into Lake .Michigan, 
irhcrc the co. touches the lake in the N. W. Surface undu- 



lating—prairies, groves, and ponds varjing the scencrj- 
with sand-hills near the lake, and marshes on Ihc Kanka- 
kee. Except near the lake and in the S., the soil is \er)- 
productive, raising large crops of the grain.'*, and nnich of it 
is excellent grazing hind. Com, wheat, cattle, and bogs 
are the farming exports. Its ponds and streams fend^h 
flue waler-p,>wer, and it enjoys a good share of the lake 
trade. Farms 1,116; nianuf. 122; dwell. 2,124, and pop.— 
wh. 12,07lt, fr. col. 75— total 12,145. Capital: La Porte. Fuh- 
lic Worh'i : Xorlhern Indiana li. li. ; Xew Albany and 
Salem Extension U. 11.; Michigan Central K. li. 

La Porte, p. o., Warren county, iV;i«. ; ItiG m. X. W. 
Ilarrisburg, 

L\ PouTE, p. v., and cap. La Porte co,, lud. : 12S m. 
X. by M'. Indianapolis. It lies near several ponds on the 
edge of a prairie, and contains a court-house and jail, a 
bank, an academy and several high schools, and has an 
extensive trade in grain and live-stock, with 2,000 inhab- 
itants. The Iniiiana .Medical College is located here, and 
in 1S50 ha<l 7 instructors. 19 alunmi, and 104 students. The 
Xorlhern Indiana K. K. jiasses the v. 5S m. from Chicago. 
The "L. County Whig" is published weekly. ' 

L\ PoHTE, p. o., Lorain county, Ohio: 9i> m. X, X. E. 
Columbus. 

Lappox's Cp.os3 Koads. p. o., "Washington co.. Md.: S4 
m. X. W. by "W. Annapolis. 

Laputa, p. o,, Fninktin co,, Kif.: S m. "W. Fra:ikf>rt. 

Laf-edu, p. v., an<l cap.Webb co., 7»-ir. ; on tlie h-ft bank 
of the liio Grande, 227 m. S. W. by W. Austin City. This 
was an old Spanish settlement of much importance, but 
through its border po.sition, has lost its superiority. It is 
surrounded by a fine grazing region, and is rising again as 
a jilaec of trade. It has steamboat communication with the 
Gulf cities, is a U. S. military post, and contains a court- 
house and 500 inhabilanls. 

Lakissa. p. o., Cherokee county, Ttx. : 2?3 m. E. X. E. 
Austin City. 

LAiiKi-vsBrp.G, p. v., Clay county, ///. .- CD m. S. E. 
Springfield. 

Laf.k!n's Fogk. p. 0., Jackson co., Ala. : on a branch of 
Tennessee r. so called, 16G ni. X. Montgomery. 

Laekinsville, p. v., Jackson county, Ala.: 155 m. X". 
ilontgonierj-. It contains an academy and 150 inhabitants. 

Laksei>"s CoEXEia, p.*o., Ontario county, K. Y.: ITy m. 
W. byX'. Albany. 

Laeome, p. o., Somerset co., M^. : 47 in. X. Augusta. 

Larraree's Point, p. v., Addison co.. Verm. : on the E. 
side of Lake Chaniphun, near the entrance of Lake George, 
4S in. S. W. MontpeliiT. 

Larry's Creek, p. o., Lycoming county, Penii. : T2 m. X. 
Ilarrisburg. 

La KrE county, Ky. Situate centrally, and contains 21S 
sq. m. Drained by Kolling Fork of Salt r., an affluent of the 
Ohio, and S. fork of Xolin cr., an affluent of Green r. 
Surface various; soil fertile, and grazing excellent. Corn, 
wheat, and tobacco are staple products. Many hogs, horses, 
and cattle are raised an<l exported. Farms 420; manuf. 12 ; 
dwell. &45, and pop.— wh. 5,177, fr. col. 10, si. 072- total 
5,S59. Capital: La Itue. 

La Salle county, ///. Situate X. E., and contains 994 
sq. m. Illinois r. crosses the Uiiddle, and its branches drain 
it; X., Fox r, and its affluents, Indian and Somonaiik 
cn-eks; S. Vermillion r. Surface undulating; soil very 
proiluclive. Much of the co. is dry prairie, and deficiL-nt in 
timber. All the grains produce largely, and, with live 
stock, beef, and pork, constitute Ibe farmers' staphs. It 
has abundance of fine mill streams, and manufactures 
extensively. Ueds of excellent coal yield fuel in ai>undance 
for consumption and export. Farms l.oSlI ; nianuf. 46; 
dwell. 3,074. and pop.— wh. 17.799, fr. col. IC— t<.tal ]7,S15. 
Capital: Ottawa. Public Works: Illinois imd Michigan 
Canal; Chicago and lioek Island II. li. ; Aurora Ex^tcnsioa 
E. U. ; Illinois Central K. K., etc. 

365 



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La Sallk, t. and p. o., Monroe co., Mich. : on Lake Erie, 
TS m. S. K. Lansiiiac- Drained by Otrer cr. and Aux Vases r., 
small streams, enli-ring the lake. Surface level, and soil 
somewhat sandy, but finely adapted to wheat and grass. 
Pop. I.IOG. 

La Salle, p. v.. La Salle co., III. : on the right bank of 
Illinois r., SG m. N. by E. Springfield. It is at the junction 
of ihe Illinois and Michigan Canal with the Illinois r., 1 m. 
above Peru. The r. is navigable for the largest steamboats, 
and immense quantities of grain are shipped from this point 
by r. and canal. Huge warehouses line the river bank, and 
the dwellings occupy the high bluffs a little back. It is 
chic-fly a commercial place, anti fast increasing in importance 
and population. Pop. about 3,000. 

La Sali.e, p. v., Calhoun co., Tex. : on the S. "W. shore 
of Matagorda Bay, 14T m. S. S. E. Austin City. It is a 
landing place for steamers, and has a small coasting trade. 

La Salle, p. o., Kiagara county, N. Y. : 29S m. Vi. by N. 
Albany. 

Las Casas, p. v., Rutherford co., Tenit.: 27 m. E. S. E. 
Nashville. 

Lassellsvtlle, p. v., Fulton co., JT. K ; on a branch of 
the Mohawk, 52 m. N. W. by W. Albany. 

Lassiter's Mills, p. o., Randolph eo,, A^ Car.: 71 m. W. 
Ealeigh. 

Las Vegas, p. v., San Miguel co., 2^. Mea:. : on GalPmas r., 
a branch of the Pecos, 45 m. (direct) E. by S. Santa ¥€. It 
is on the great route from Fort Leavenworth to Santa F6, 
and in a sandy valley, made productive by artificial irriga- 
tion from the Gallinos, which is a small and sluggish stream. 
It is well laid out, and mostly built of adobe-% or sun-dried 
bricks, A considerable trade centres here, and it contains 
several mercantile houses, and about 1,000 inhabitants. 

LATnROP, p. 0., Susquehanna co., Pewit. : 116 m. N. N. E. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Latonian Springs, v., Kenton county, Kif. : 4 m. S. 
Covington. It is a fashion-ible watering-place, and is 
much resorted to in the summer season. 

Latkore, sta., Westmoreland co., PemK : on W. division 
of Pennsylvania R. E., 42 ra. from Pittsburg. 

Lattas, p. 0., Ross CO., Ohio: 44 m. S. by "W. Columbus. 

Laubacii, p. o., Northampton co., Pd/m. ; S3 m. E. N. E. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Lauderdale county, Ala. Situate N. TV., and contains 
653 sq. m. It lies between Tennessee r. on the S. and W., 
and the State of Tennessee on the N., and is drained by 
Elk r.. Blue "Water and Cypress creeks, and other affluents 
of the Tennessee. Surface undulating or slightly broken ; 
soil very fertile. Cotton is the staple, of which great crops 
are raised. Corn grows about as well, and wheat yields 
largely. The pastures are very good, and great numbers 
of swine are fattened. It has a large supply of water-power, 
mid important and growing manufactures. The Muscle 
Shoals in the S. E. obstruct the navigation of the Tennes- 
see, but a long canal has been built around them, and 
markets are easily accessible. Farms 1,180 ; manuf. 32 ; 
dwell. 1,S63 ; and pop.— wh. 10,097, fr. col. 60, si, 6,015— 
totall7,112. CapiUtl: Florence. Public yVbrks: Muscle 
Shoals Canal, 35^ m. long. 

Laupebdale county, J/w,?. Situate E. middle, and con- 
tains 703 aq. m. Drained by ClianUey, Octibbeha, and 
Backalony creeks, heads of Chickasawlia r., and E. by 
small affluents of Tombigbee r. Surface varied ; soil of 
average fertility, producing cotton, com, and oats, and 
furnishing mast and grazing for many swine and cattle. It 
has a good growth of pine forest, and a few good mill 
streams. Farms 922 ; manuf. .SI ; dwell. 1.008; and pop.— 
wh. 5.029, fr. col. 27, si. 2,G61— total 8,717. Capital: 
Marion. 

LAi'DKr.nALE county, Tejai. Situate "W. middle, and 

contains 474 sq. m. Brained by Forked Deer r. N.. and 

Big Ilatchio r. S., affluents of the Mississippi, its W. 

boundarj'. Surface pleasantly diversified, with some low 

366 



land ; soils various, and mostly of great fertility. Corn, 
cotton, and tobacco are the agricultural staple?. Swine aro 
fatted in great numbers. It has considerable water power, 
which is fast coming into use. Farms 2S" ; manuf. 4; 
dwell. 563, and pop.— wh. S.397, fr. col. 6, si, 1,766— total 
5,169. Capital: Ripley. 

Lauderdale Fact(^)RV, p. v., Lauderdale county, ^4^^. ; 
ISl m. N. N. ^y. Montgijmery. There is an extensive cotton 
factory, and a growing v. of 400 inhabitants. 

Lauderdale Springs, p. o., Lauderdale co., J/"i.s«. ; 77 m. 
E. Jackson. 

Lauguery creek, Ltd.: an affluent of Ohio r., which it 
joins 2 m. below Aurora. It is a large and valuable mill 
siream, and is navigable for flat Ixiats nearly 40 m. from its 
mouth. It rises in the S. E. corner of Decatur co., and runs 
through Ripley, Ohio, and Dearborn counties. Captain 
Laugherj-'s company was massacred by the Indiana on 
this cr., and hence its name. 

Laugiilintown, p. v., Westmoreland co., Penn,: 118 ra. 
W. Ilarrisburg. A charcoal furnace, of 1,400 tons annual 
capacity, is moved by a small stream near it 

Laura, p. o., Miami eo., Ohio : 69 m. W. Columbus. 

Lauramir, p. o., Tippecanoe county, Ind. : 65 m. N. "W. 
Indianapolis. 

I^AUREL county, JTy. Situate S. E», and contains 355 sq. m. 
Drained by Rockcastle and Laurel creeks, branches of 
Cumberland r. Surface uneven ; soil good, better adapted 
to grazing than grain. Com is the chief cereal. Attention 
is mostly directed to the rearing of cattle, horses, and 
swine, and large numbers are sent to market. Farms 2S4; 
manuf. ; dwell. G71, and pop.— wh. 8,946, fr, col. 7, 
si. ]92— total 4,145. Capital: London. Public Works: 
IvnoxviUe and Ohio R. 11. 

Laurel, p. v., Sussex county, Del: on Broad cr. of 
Nantieoke r., 39 m. S. Dover. 

Laurel, p. o., Franklin co., Tnd. : on the W. branch of 
"White Water r., 52 m. E. S. E. Indianapolis. The v. (called 
Laurel City) is on the Whitewater Canal, and has consider- 
able manufactures, and a large trade, with 600 inhabitants. 

Laurel, p. o., Clermont county, Ohio: 86 m. S. W. 
Columbus. 

Laurel, p. o., Washington co., Ttrg. : on a branch of S. 
fork of Holston r., 246 m. W. by S. Richmond. 

Laurel, p. c, Marion co., Mo. : 82 m. N. N. E. Jefferson 
City. 

Laurel moxmtains, Penn.^ TTrfir., and Tetm.: a ridge of 
the Alleghanies, west of the main chain. They extend from 
Pennsylvania across Virginia to Kentucky, and under Ihe 
name of Cumberland mountains, divide the two latter States, 
and cross Tennessee, terminating near its S. border. 

Laurel Brancr, p. o., Henrico co., Virg. 

Laurel City, v., Franklin co., Itid.. : on the Whitewater 
Canal, 14 ni. N. W. BrookviUe. 

Laubel Creek, p. o., Fayette co., Tenn. : 151 m. W. S.W. 
Nashville. 

Laurel Factory, p. v., Prince George's co.. 3M ; on the 
right bank of Big Patuxent r., 21 m. W. N. W. Annapolis. 
The Washington Branch E. R. passes the v., 22 ra. from 
Baltimore. 

Lautiel Fork. p. o., Bath co., Ki/. : on a cr. of Licking r. 
so called, GG m. E. FrankforL 

Laurel Gap. p. o., Greene co., Tenn,: on W. side of 
Lick cr., 219 m. E. N.-ishville. 

Laurel Grove, p. c, Pittsylvania co., Virg. : lis m. 
S. W. by W. Richmond. 

Laurel Hill, p. o.. Marengo co., Ala. : on Beaver cr. of 
Tombigbee r., 82 m. W. by S. Montgomery. 

Laurel Hill. p. o.. Carroll co., Ga. : about 2 m. S. Talla- 
poosa r., 122 m. W. by N. Milledgcville. 

Laurel Hill, p. o., Richmond eo., iV^ Car.: near Shoe 
Ilcel Swamp, 77 m. S. W. by S. Raleigh. 

Laurel IIill, p. o., Lunenburg co., Virg. : 54 m. S. W. 
Richmond. 



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Laurel r[rLL,staM^t'Sl Feliciana par., Ln.: 3<j m. N. by 
"S\*. Baton Rouge. The West Feliciana E. E. passes here, 
VI miles from Bayou Sara. 

Laurel Mills, p. o., Kappahannock county, Virg. : 86 m. 
N. N. ^\. Kichmond. 

Laurel Point, p. o., Monongalia county, Virg. : 107 m. 
N. W. by W. Richmond. 

Laurel Springs, p. o., Ashe co.. iV! (>»'. ." at Ihe west base 
of (he Blue Ridge, IGo m. W. N. W. Raleigh. 

Lauieelville, p. v., Westmoreland co., Peiin. : 184 m. W. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Laurens county, Ga. Situate S. E. centrally, and con- 
tains 7tj;5 sq. m. Intersected by Oconee r., and dranied by 
its alllacnts. Big, Cool Spring, Palmetto, and Mercer's creeks, 
and north fork of Little Oemulgee r. Suri'ace considerably 
broken; soil excellent. Cottnu and corn are the staples. 
It is a line grazing county, and raises great numbers of ciltle 
and hogs, and has superior dairies. Its water-power is 
pN-nlifal. Farms 32S; iiiatmf. G; dwell. G^M, and pop.— wh. 
3,450, fr. col. 9, si. 2,9T4— total G,442. Capital : Dublin. 

Laurexs district, .S. Ciir. Situate N. W., and cont,ains 
92i; s<(. m. Bounded S. W. by Saluda r., and N. E. by En- 
noree r., a branch of Broad r., and drained by their atllucnts. 
Reedy and Redburn rivers, and Duncan's cr., all flowing 
into the Santee. Surface much diversified ; in parts hilly ; 
soil of great fertility— producing fine grass, great crops of 
corn and wheat, and an iuunense yield of cotton. Cotton is 
the great staple. Many cattle and sheep are reared, and 
great quantitiee of pork fatted. It has superior and abund- 
ant water-power, and limestone and marl are extensively 
found. Its raanufaelures are large, and much capital is in- 
vested in making woolen and cotton goods, leather, lumber, 
flour, etc. Farms 1,603 ; manuf. Ul ; dwell. 2,132, and jxip. 
— wb. 11,371, fr. col. 83, si. ]l,9r)3— total 23,407. CopikU: 
Lanrensville. Public WorK'^: Laurens R. E. 

Lai:rens, t and p. c, Otsego co., jV. Y. : 71 m. W. Albany. 
Drained ijy Otsego cr. Surface hilly ; soil a rich sandy loam. 
Fanning is very profitable, and the leading interest. Iron 
ore is found. The v. called Laurensville is on the cr., and 
contains two hotels, a foundry, several stores, and 000 inhab- 
itimts. Pop. oft. 2,1 GS. 

Laurensville, p. v., aii'I cap. Laurens dist., S. Car: 
near the head of Little r., G3 m. W. N. W. Columbia. It 
stands on high land, and eoniains a court-house, jail, 3 acad- 
emies, 15 stores, and 700 inhabitants. The "L. Herald" Ls 
published weekly. The p. o. is Laurens C. II. The Laur- 
ens U. R. extends hence to Helena, on the Greenville and 
Columi)ia E. E. 

Laurens Hill. p. o., Laurens co., Gir.: near Eoeky cr., 
39 nh S. Milledgeville. 

Lauretta, p. o., Sauk co., Wise. : SS m. N. "W. Madison. 

Lausanne, L and p. o., Carbon co.^Penn.: on the "VV. 
Bide of Lehigh r., 72 ni. N. E. Ilarrisburg. Surface mount- 
ainous, and soil unpropitious for farming. It is rich in coal, 
and Ihe Beaver Meadow mine lies within it. A caiuil fol- 
lows tlie Lehigh, with which several railroads connect the 
mines. 

LAVAcrA county, Teccas. Situate S. E. centrally, and 
contains 1,064 sq. m. Drained by Lavacca r., its branches, 
J*milher"s, Clark's, Supple .Tack, and Big and Little lirtishy 
creeks. Na\idad r., and its branches. Upper and Lower 
Rocky, Nixon's, and Sanrly creeks. Surface mostly undulat- 
ing, intersected in plaecs by ravines, generally of no great 
depth ; soil a rich black mold near the stream, with a suh- 
Btratum of reddish loam, which, mixed, are of a cliocolatc 
color, indicative of, and peculiar to, the finest lands in the 
Stale. Back of Ihe rivers is more sandy, but scarcely less 
fertile. Thestrcamsareskirtcd with heavy timber; between 
llu-m are a few prairies. Corn and cotton yield enormously, 
and most other crops are heavy. The grazing is peculiarly 
fine, and horses and cattle, requiring little or no attention, 
are reared in great numi)ers for the eastern markets and ex- 
portation. Indigo is easily raised, and peaches, figs, and 



melons arc abundanl. Farms 139; manuf. 0; dwell. 203, 
and pop.— wh. I,l;i9, fr. col. 0, si. 4;j2— total l,r>71. Capital : 
Petersburg. 

Lavansville, p. v., Somerset co., Penn.: 117 m. "W. by 
S. Ilarrisburg. 

Lavona, p. 0., Lucas co., 0?t. : 112 m. N. N.W. Columbus. 

Lawn RintiE, p. o., Marshall e->imty, ///. ; S7 m. north 
Springfield. 

Lawrence county, Aln. Situate N. W.. and contains 7."i3 
sq. m. Bounded N. by Tennessee r., and drained by its af- 
fluents, and S. by head streams of Black Warrior r. Surface 
much diversified ; in the S. elevated ami broken, in the N. 
less broken, witli some marshes; soil of great fertility. Cot- 
ton and corn are the leading and almost exclusive staples. 
The annual yield of each is very large — among the highest 
in the State. Large numbers of cattle, and especially of 
swine, .are fattened for consumption and export It has 
m.any mill streams and growing manufactures, and excellent 
facilities for marketing its staples. Farms 930; manuf. 24; 
dwell. 1,469, and pop.— wh. 8,;it3, fr. col. 63, si. G,&52— total 
15,25^. Capital: Moulton. Public ^Vorkfi: Memphis and 
Charleston E. R. 

Lawrence county, ArJc. Situate N. E., and contains 
1,363 sq. m. Big Black r., a branch of White r., runs S. 
through the E. of the eo., and the W. is drained by its aftlu- 
ents. Spring and Strawberry rivers, with their branches. 
Caehe r., another branch of White r., is ila E. boundary. 
Surface in the E. low and level ; generally undulating, or 
slightly broken; soil fertile, adapted equally to grass or grain, 
and producing superior qualities of both. Corn is the staple. 
It is an excellent wheat region, and produces good crops of 
nearly every thing planted. The streams are heavily lun- 
bercd with pine, ash, and oak, and the forests furnish mast 
for vast berds of swine. The Big Black is navigalile through 
the CO. Farms 601; manuf. 0; dwell. SDO, and po|). — wh. 
4,.S^3, fr. col. 4, si. .3SS— total 5.274. Capitol: Smithville. 

Lawrence county, ///. Situate S. E., and contains 3M 
sq. ra. Drained by Embarras r. and ibt branches, and 
Bompas and Fox creeks, affluents of Wabash r., its E. bound- 
ary". Surface undulating or level ; soils various ; in the N". E. 
are large swami)S, on the Embarr.as r. rich bottoms, and W. 
large prairies, with good timber on tlie streams. Mueh of 
Uie CO. is fine land, and in gixjd cultivation. Com, wheat, 
beef, and pork are stajiles. Farms 656; manuf. 26; dwell. 
1,057, and pop.— wh.5,S43,fr. col. 27S— total 6.121. CapiUtl: 
Lawrencevllle. PithliG IPorA:*" ; Cincinnati and St. Loui.i 
Railroad. 

Lawrence county, Tnff. Situate S. centrally, and contains 
43s sq. m. Intersected by E. fork of While r., and drained 
by its branches, Indian, Salt, I^atherwood, and Outhrie'.s 
creeks. Surface generally rolling, with some hilly and 
broken land ; soil excellent, and limber abimdant. Corn, 
wheat, pork, cattle, and horses arc the chief exports, pork 
being a very large one. Limestone is found in abundance. 
Farms 1,031 ; manuf. 19 ; dwell. 2,012, and pnp._%\ h. 12,(H13, 
fr. col. 94— total 12,007. a?y;/^a^; Bedford. Puhlic Works: 
New Albany and Salem R. E. 

Lawrence county, lOj. Situate N. E., and contains 442 
sq. m. Bounded E. by Big Sandy r., and drained E. by ita 
l>ranehes, Weslfork and Blanes creeks, and W. by heads of 
Little Sandy r., flowing N. into the Ohio. Svirfuee moder- 
ately hdly ; soil of great productiveness. Corn is the staple 
grain; wheat, oats, and rye jield well. This co. is abund- 
antly supplied with excellent pastures, and grazing is a 
leading interest. Its cattle and swine are superior, and 
reared in large numbers for N. and K. marki'ts. Horses of 
a fine breed are also sent to Virginia and Maryland. It has 
good salt springs. Farms 655; manuf. 10; dwull. OsO, and 
pop.— wh. 6,14.3, fr. col. 1, si. 137— total 0,2S1. Cajntal: 
Louisa. 

Lawrence county, JA'.s.fl. Situate S. W.,and contains 796 
sq. m. Pearl r. passes S. through the eo., and its afHuenIa 
drain it ; E., Silver and White Sand creeks, W., Babala or., 

367 



LA.W 



LAW 



Fair r., Falling cr., and heads of Bogue Chitto. Surface 
mostly imi-vun. without heing rough; soil ferlile. Cotton is 
Ihc leading iirodutt; corn and potatoes give good returns, 
ami rice is cultivated. Cattle and 8wine are raised largely. 
It has good mill streams, and some pine timber. Farms 
4,vS; maiiuf. 12 : dwell. 013, and pop.— wh. 3,549, fr. col. 0, 
si. -JjUJO— total 0,-HS. aipitul : Montleello. 

L.^wtuiNCE county, Mo. Situate S. W., and contains 573 
sq. m. Drained by Spring r.. Centre cr., and Neh-hah r. 
flowing W. and into Arkansiis r, and by heads of Sac r. 
flowing N. into the Osage. The Ozark mountains lie on its 
F. horrier, and the surface is nmeli broken, giving rise to 
many streams and good water-power. The streams are 
small, hut skirted with timber, and, in the lower parts, rich 
bolloms. The soil is well fltte.l for grazing, and parts are 
excellent grain land. Cattle and corn are the staples. 
Farms 4.1UT; manuf. 5; dwell. T48, and poji.— wh. 4,(iu7, fr. 
tol. 4, si. 248— total 4,S.i9. CopiM : Mount Vernon. 

L.^wni'.NCE county, Ohio. Contains an area of 44?ll sq. m., 
nn<l is the most S. county in the State. Bounded S. E. and 
S. by the Ohio, and drained by its aflluents. Storm's cr., 
Symmes cr., and Indian Giiyandotte r. Surface hilly and 
broken; soil very productive, and excellent grazing land. 
Corn, wheat, and oats yield fine crops, and great numbers 
of cattle and sheep are reared. Live slock, wool, ami pork, 
arc leading agricultural exports. A fine farming co., with 
l)lenty of mill-seats, but tlie great interest is inmmg tlie ex- 
tensive deposiLs of iron ore and coal that are here so abund- 
ant, and manufacturing the iron int.) castings of all kinds. 
TliL«c employ a large capital and many laborers, and U.e 
exports of coal, and pig and cast iron, are very large. Ex- 
cellent stoneware is made from clay fouml here. Farms 
2.^)4; manuf. 29; dwell. 2,55.3, and pop.-wh. 14,920, fl'. col. 
320— total 15,246. Capital: Burlington. ruOHi: Works: 
Iron U.K. 

l..vwiii!vcE county, rem. Situate W., on State line, aiid 
contains 35S sq. m. Drained by Beaver r. and its brandies, 
Maiionins r., ami Shenaiigo and Neshannock creeks. Sur- 
face hillv and broken; soil excellent, and water-power 
abundant. All the grains grow well, and produce large 
crops. It has fine pastures, and raises beef and pork, wool 
and stock f.ir exporL Its greatest resources are its mines 
of coal and iron, which are very rich and extensive. These 
are much wrought, and iron is mamitactured, both cast and 
wrought, very largely. For all its produce good markets 
lire easily accessible in every direction. Farms 1,606; 
manuf. 49"; dwell. 3,68T, and pop.— wh. 20,94T, fr. col. 132- 
lolal 21,079. CiipiUil : New Castle. I'lMie Works : Peun- 
svlvania and Ohio Canal.; Beaver and Erie Canal. 
' L.vwiiENrr. county, Tenn. Siluatc centrally on S. lire, 
and mntains 564 sq. m. Drained by Buflalo r., flowing W., 
and Blue Water cr., and Moody's fork, flowing south mlo 
the Tennessee. Surface uneven, and soil fertile. Com and 
wheat are the staples. A great deal of pork is exported. 
It has "ood mill streams, and extensive manutiictures of 
iron crtton, leather, and flour. Farms 993; manuf. 43; 
dwell. 1,864, and pop.-wh. S,C'A fr. col. 23, si. l,lC2-total 
9 2S0. Capital :havrrenQeb\irg.. PMio ll'o/*s;NasliviUe 
and New Orleans R. K. ; Memphis and Nashville V,. K. 

Lawrsnoe. t. and p. v.. Van Buren Co., M,ch. : 81 m. 
W S W.Lansing. Drained by Tawpaw r., wliieh is navi- 
eaiileforbatteaux. Surface varied, ami soil mostly good. 
The vUlage is on tlie S. side of the Pawpaw. Population 
of t. 510. 

Lawrence, sta., Stark county, Ohio : on the Ohio and 
PeimsvlvaniaK. K., 15 W. of Canton. 

Law-escp, t. and p. o., Washington county, Ohio : 92 m. 
E S E Columbus. Drained by Little Muskingum r., which 
has good mill-seals. Surface uneven, and soil fertde. Coal, 
iron ore, and salt springs are found. Pop. S14. 

LaWkence, t- and p. v., Essex co., Jfa«. ■ 2b m. N. by W. 
Boston The Merrimac r., whicli passes through the t., fur- 
nishes an immense water-power, by means of a stone dam 
SOS 



900 feet long, with wings 324 and 405 feet, aflbrding a head 
and fall of 2S feet for the whole river, and a water-power 
equal to that enjoyed by Lowell. This dam was erected by 
the Essex Company, organized, with Hon. Abbot Lawrence 
at its head, in 1845. For manufacturing purposes a canal 
5,330 feet long, 100 feet wide at its head, ami 60 at its tail, 
and 12 feet deep, and running parallel with the river 400 
feet distance, has been excavated, and between the canal 
and river the space is occupied by tJio factory buil.lings. 
With tliese facilities, the progress of manufactures and general 
industry liiuj been rapid and sustained ; and numeriius mills 
for llie manufacture of cotton and woolen goods, etc., have 
sprung into existence, chiefly belonging to companies ; the 
Atlantic Cotton Mills employ 1,000 hands, and consume an- 
nually 14,1100 to 15,000 bales in the manufacture of coarse 
sheeting and shirting. The Bay State Mills employ about 
2,000 hands in the manufacture of woolen goods, and con- 
sume between three and four million pounds of wool annu- 
ally. The Plymouth Company, m.anufacturing ducks, and the 
Pacific Mills for Ihe manufacture of bareges, lawns, etc., are 
also large establishments. The Essex Company, the original 
owners of the jiroperty, have a Large machine shop here, at 
which are manufactured steam-engines, m.iehincry, locomo- 
tives, and employ 700 or SOO hands. Paper-hangings are 
also manufactured by the Charter Paper Company. Besides 
these, there are various smaUcr establishments, among which 
may lie named a steam saw-mill, a piano-forte factory, a 
carriage factory, a steam planing mill, etc. The city is well 
planned, and contains a town hall, a handsome brick build- 
ing, 120 feet by 62, containing tlie town offices, and a hall 
capable of containing 1,600 persons; and a common of IS 
acres in tlie centre of the t. has been planted and laid out in 
walks for the benefit of the inhabitants. Tliere is also a banlt 
in the village. The public buildings and factories are lighted 
with ga-s, saipplied by the Lawrence Gas light Company ; 
and water is supplied from a reservoir 150 feet above the 
canal, and of 1,. 100,000 g.allons capacity, into which water is 
pumped by the force pumps of the several mills. Such is the 
material of the v. or future city. Its religious and educa- 
tional welfare is equally w'cll attended to ; it has 7 cliur.;h 
edifices, and 10 religious societies of various denominations; 
and its scliool department consisLs of a high school, 2 gram- 
mar schools, and 15 others, with an aggregate of 28 teachers, 
and 1,800 scholars. Provision is also made for public lectures, 
and a public library. Two newspapers are published in the 
village, llie "L. Courier" (whig), and the "L. Sentinel" 
(dem.), botli weekly is-snes, and circulating upward of 1,000 
copies each. There are 5 railroads centering here, viz., the 
Lowell .and Lawrence U. It., the Boston and Maine K. Fv., 
the Essex County II. K., tlie Newburjport li. P., and the 
Manchester and Lawrence R. U. Lawrence was taken from 
Methucn and Andover in 1847, and contains 2,030 acres, of 
which area 1,980 acres belonged to the latter, and 2,050 to 
the f.jrmer. It took its name IVom the Lawrence family, the 
great manufacturing heroes of Massachusetts, and the liberal 
and enlightened patrons of literatiu-e and education. Pop. 
of t in 1850, 8,283 ; in 1852, 12,186; increased 8,903, or 47 
per cent, in two years. 

Lawbesce, p. o., Monroe co., Misi. : 13 m. N. E. by N. 
Jackson. 
Laweexce, p. o., Marion co., 7n<?. 
LAWitEXCEnrKa,p. city, and cap. Dearborn co., hwl. : on 
the Ohio, 2 m. below the mouth of tho Great Miami, 79 m. 
S. E. by E. Indianapolis. It is built on a rich bottom, and the 
terrace back of it is the outlet for the rich valleys of the Miami, 
and W. Whitewater. The Whitewater Canal UTlninatesllerc, 
and furnislies fine water-i>ower. It contains a comt-house, 
bank, several academies, 3 large flouring mills, a very largo 
distillery, and numerous minor manufactories. Its advant- 
ages for trade and commerce arc great, ami tho shipping 
business very heavy. The Lawreneeburg and Upper Mis- 
sissippi E. It. commences here, and is connected with the 
Cincinnati and St Louis E. P.. near the city The '• Indiana 



LAW 



LEB 



lIco:ister" (dem.), and '* Independent Press," are published 
weekly. Incorporated a city 1846. Pop. 3/»00. 

LAWRENCKinrncf, p. v., and cap. Anderson co.. A'//.; 9 m. 
S. Frankfort, It coiitaioa a court-house, jail, academy, and 
cevcral stores. 

LAWitENCEBUECr, p. V., Armstrong co., Penn.: on the 
W. bank of Alleghany r., I5:i m. W. N. W. llarrisburg. A 
furnace of 1,400 tons annual capaeity is near it, and the 
Alleghany Valley U. E. passes llirnugh it. 

La\vi:en(:fbup.g, p. v., and cap. L:iwrcnce co.. Tenn, : on 
Slioal er. of Tennessee r., 67 m. S. by W. Nashville. It con- 
tains a court-house, jail, an academy, high school, a bardc, 
several stores, and 400 inhabitants. A weekly paper, the 
'' Middle Tcnnessean" (whig), is published. 

Lawbescepoet, p. v., Lawrence co., Ind. : on Driftwood 
r,, 6S m. S. by W. Indianapolis. 

LAwr.ENrE's, sta,, Colleton dist, S. Car.: on the South 
Carolina K. It.. 2S ni. from Charleston. 

Lawkenceville. p. v., and cap. Monroe county, ^r/-. ; 
about 4 m. E. of "White r, 62 m. E. by S. Little Eock. It 
contains a court-house and sevLTal stores. 

Lawkesceville, p. v., and cap. Gwinnett co., Ga. : SI m. 
N. ^V. by N. Milli'dgeviilc. It contains a court-house, jail, 
academy, several large stores, and ;550 inhabitants. 

Lawrenceville, p. v., and cap. Lawrence co.. lU. : on 
the W. side of Emb.irras r., 131 m. S. K. by E. Springfield. 
The V. contains tlie county buildings, several stores and 
mills, and .350 inhabitants. The "L. Banner" (whig) is 
published weekly. 

Laweencevixle, p. v., Dearborn co.. Jrid. ; 76 m. S. E. 
Indianapolis. 

Laweenceville, p. v., Mercer co., y^. J^r. : 6 m. N. N. E. 
Trenton. It contains an academy, several stores, and 200 
inhabitants. 

Lawrescevti.le, p. y. and sta., St. Lawrence co,, J^. Y. : 
15G m. N. N. W. Albany. The station is 41 miles E. of 
Ogdensburg. on the Northern (Ogdensburg) ii. E. 

Lawresckville, p. V. and sta., Tioga co., Pfnn.: on 
Tioga r.. which supplies it with water-power. 112 miles 
K. by W. Ilarrisburg. It has a large trade in lumber. The 
sla. is on the Corning and Blossburg E. E., 15 m. firom 
Coming. 

Lawrenceville, p. 0., Henry co., Ala. : 94 m. S. S. E. 
Montgomery. 

LAWRKSCF.vrLLK. p. V., and rap. Brunswiek co., Tlrff. : 
on a branch of Mt-herrin r., 55 m. S. 3. W. Eichm >nd. It 
conlains a court-house, Jail, academy, several stores, and 
400 inhabitants. 

Lawsonville, p. v., Eockingham co., JV' Car.: 77 m. 
N. W. by W. lialeigh. 

Lawsville Centre, p. o., Susquehanna county, Penn.: 
118 m. N. N. E. Ilarrisburg. 

Lawtox, p. o., Van Buren co., MieJi. : 8.3 m. W. by S. 
Lansing. 

Lawtostille, p. c, Beaufort dist., S. Car. : S4 m. S. by "W. 
Columbia. 

Lawyer-svillb, p. T., Schoharie county, K. r; ; on the 
Cobleskill, .36 m. W. by N. Albany. It contains several mills 
and '200 inhabitants. 
Laysville, p. v.. New London co.. Conn. 
Laytonsville, p. v., Montgomery co., Md. : "W. N. W. 
Annapolis. 

Lazaretto, sta., Delaware county. P^nn,: 11 m. fi-om 
Philadelphia, on the Philadelphia, Wilmington, and Balti- 
more li. E. 

Leachman, p. o., Buchanan co., Mo.: near the Missouri, 
ICo m. W. N. W. Jefferson City. 

Leacock, t. and p. o., Lancaster county, Penn. : 42 m. 
E. ?. E, Ilarrisburg. Drained by Conestoga and Pecquea 
creeks. Surface even, and soil rich. It has fine mill streams 
and large flouring mills, distilleries, and various inanufactur- 
ing es:ablishments. Pop. 3.S29. 
Leading Greek, p. o., Lewis county, Virg. : near the 



branch of Little Kanawha r. eo called, 195 m. "W. N. W. 
Eichmond. 

Leadsville, p. o., Eandolph county, Virg.: 158 m. 
N. W. by W. Eichmond. 
Leadvale, p. o., Jefferson co.. Teim. .-193 m. E. Nashville. 
Leake county, J/^.w. Situate centrally, and contains C35 
sq. m. Drained by Pearl r. and iU branches, Tuscalanieta, 
Vocanucani, and Yalobusha creeks, which furnish some 
water-power. Surface pleasantly diversified, without great 
elevations ; soil of average fertility. Cott^-m is the staple 
product. Com yields good crops. Great numbers of cattle 
and hogs are raised, and beef and b.acon are considerable 
exports. Farms 437; manuf. 4; dwell. 635, and pop.— wh. 
3,9$2, fr. col. 2, si. 1.549— total 5,533. Capital : Carthage. 

Leake's Store, p. o., Washita co., Ark. : 7S m. S. S. W. 
Little Eock. 

Leakesville, p. v., Newton co., Ga.: 45 m. N. W. 
Milledgeville. 

Leakesville, p. v., and cap. Greene co,, MIrs. : on 
Chickasawha r.. 118 m. S. E. by E. Jackson. It contains a 
court-house and jail, and a few houses and stores. 

Leaksville. p. v., Eoekingham co., Al Car. : near the 
confluence of Smith's and Dan rivers, 91 m. N. W. by W. 
Ealeigh. 

Leander, p. 0., Graves county, K'j.: 229 m. W. S. W. 
Frankfort. 

Leasrueo, p. 0., Caswell county, N. Car. : on Tvcotee r., 
62 m. N. W. Ealeigh. 

Leatherwood, p. o., Guernsey co., Ohio: on the or. so 
called, S3 m. E. Columbus. 

Leatueewood, p. o., Clarion co., Pmn.: 143 m.W. N.W. 
Ilarrisburg. A furnace of 1,400 tons annual capacity is 
located here. 

Leatheuwood's Store, p. c, Uenry co., Virg. : 143 m. 
S. W. by W. Eichmond. 

Lkavensworth, p. 0., Darlington dist., S. Car. : 59 m. 
E. N. E. Columbia. 

Lbavitt, p. o., Carroll county, Ohio: 106 m. E. N. E. 
Columbus. 

Lebasox county, Pen7i. Situate S. E. centrally, and 
contains 376 sq. m. Drained by Swatara cr., an affluent of 
the Susquehanna, and its branches. Surface moderately 
uneven, with some broken tracts; soil exceedingly rich, 
constituting an excellent farming and dairy co., where 
wheat, rj-e. com, oats, and potatoes thrive almost equally, 
and all produce largely, where cattle and sheep flnd the best 
of grass, and the products of the dairy are hardly surpassed. 
But it has also abundant water-power, good timber, and 
great quantities of iron ore and coal. It3 manufactures are 
various and extensive, but cast and wrought ironware is 
the most important product. Woolen goods and earthen- 
ware are largely made. Farms 1,449 ; manuf 146 ; dwell. 
4.452; and pop.— wh. 25,9S5, fr. col. 66— total 26,071. 
Capital: Lebanon. Public Works: Union Canal. 

Lebanon, p. v., and cap. De Kalb co., Ala. : on W. aide 
of Big Wills cr. of Coosa r., 1:34 m. N. by E. Montgomery. 
It contains a court-house, jail, L^. S. land office, several 
stores, and 300 inhabitants. 

Lebanon, p. v., and cap. Searcy en., Arl: : on the S. side 
of Buffalo fork of White r., 85 m. N. N. W. Little Eock. 
The v. consists of a court-house and a few dwellings. 

Lebanon, p. o., Laclede county, Mo. : GQ m. S. S. W. 
Jefferson City. 

Lebanon, t., p. v., and sta.. New London co., Conn.: 
26 m. E. S. E. Hartford. Drained by branches of Yanlic r., 
which afford numerous mill-seats. Surface hilly, but not 
rugged ; soil a deep mold, and exceediugly fertile. Farm- 
ing and the dairy engross attention, and their products are 
not exceeded in amount or quality by any t, in the State. 
It has also several miUs and factories. Tlie New London, 
WUlimantic, and Palmer E. E. crosses the E. part, and the 
sta. is. 8 m. S. of Willimantic. The v. lies near the centre, 
and consists of a wide street, about 1 m. long, and mostly, 



lEB 

though not compactly buUt, with a flourishing academy. 
I'op. of 1. 1,901. 

LEBi.N<>x, p. o., Cobb CO., Oa, : about 3 m. N. Cliatta- 
hoochee r., 9S m. N. W. Milledgeville. 

Lebakos, p. v., St. Clair co., III. : 85 m. S. Springfield. 
It has considerable manufactures, though destitute of water- 
power, and contains an academy, several stores, and 600 
inhabitants. M'Kendree College, founded in 1S35, is located 
here, and in 1850 had 9 instructors, 72 alumni, of whom 23 
were ministers, 83 students, and 7,000 volumes in its library. 
The " Illinois Advocate" (Meth.) is published weekly. 

Lebanon, p. v., and cap. Boone co., Intl. : 24 m. N. W. 
Indianapolis. It contains a court-house, jail, academy, 
several stores, and 600 inhabitants. The Lafayette and 
Indianapolis K. E. passes through it, 37 m. from Lafayette. 
Lebanon, p. v., and cap. Marion CO., Ay. ; on a small 
branch of Salt r., U m. S. by W. Frankfort. It contains a 
court-house, jail, several stores and workshops, and 700 
inhabitants. 

Lebanon, t. and p. o., York co.. Me. : 87 m. S. W. by S. 
Augusta. Drained by branches of S.almon Falls r., which 
separates it from N. Hanip., and furnishes water-power. 
Surface uneven, and soil well adapted to farming and 
grazing, which are the leading interests. Pop. 1,473. 

Lbbanon, t and p. v., Grafton Co., y. Ilamp. : on the 
Connecticut r.,45 m. N.W. Concord. Drained by Mascomy r, 
which, rising in a pond on its E. line, flows through it into 
the Connecticut, and affords fine water-power. It contains 
extensive meadows on both the rivers, and is an excellent 
forming region. Yeins of lead and iron ore are found. 
The V. is in a plain, near the centre, at the falls of Maseomy 
r., and has extensive trade, and valuable manufactures. It 
contains a bank, an academy, and several stores and mills. 
The " Granite State Whig" is published here weekly. It is 
on the Northern E. K., i m. from its connection with the 
Vermont Central E. K., at "White Kiver Junction. Pop. 
of t 2,136. 

Lebanon, t. and p. v., Hunterdon county, MJ.:W m. 
N. by W. Trenton. Drained by Spruce P.un and S. branch 
of P.aritan r. Surface hilly : soil rich loam, well cultivated. 
The Blreams furnish many mill-sites, which are much 
improved in various manufactures. The New Jersey 
Central R. K. crosses tlie t., and the sta. is 51 m. from New 
York. The v. contains an academy, several distilleries and 
stores, and 500 inhabitants. Pop. of t. 2,127. 

Lebanon, t. and p. o., Madison county, iVI K ; 93 m. 
W. by N. Albany. Drained by Chenango r. and its 
branches, which furnish power for many small mills. Surlhee 
uneven ; soil clayey loam, and very productive of grain. It 
is a farming t. Pop. 1,709. 

Lebanon, p. v., and cap. Warren county, OMo ; 72 m. 
S. W. by W. Columbus. Turtle cr. furnishes some water- 
power, and flour, iron, and woolen goods are manufactured. 
It contains a court-house, jail, and academy, and is the 
terminus of a branch of the Miami Canal. The " Western 
Star" (whig) is published weekly. Pop. 2,088. 

Lebanon, p. b., and cap. Lebanon county, Venn. : 24 m. 
E. by N. Ilarrisburg. The b. contains a court-house, jail, 
and other county buildings, an academy, 2 furnaces, pro- 
ducing 7,000 tons of iron per annum, a bank, a dozen 
stores, and several large warehouses on the Union Can.al, 
which pa.sses it 83 m. from Middletown, its terminus, on the 
Susquehanna. Four weeklies are published, the "L. 
Courier" (whig), and the " L. Advertiser," " L. Democrat," 
and " True Democr.at" (dem.) Pop. about 3.000. The t. 
is drained by Swatara cr. and brandies, and has an uneven 
face and generally fertile soil. Leather, earthen ware, and 
iron are the leading mechanical products. Pop. of t. 7,360. 
Lebanon, p. o., Abbeville dist, S. Car. : 73 m. W. by N. 
Columbia. 

Lebanon, p. v., and cap. Wilson co., Tenn. : on a branch 
of Cumberland r., 27 m. E. Nashville. It has a pleasant 
location amid a great tobacco district, and contains a conrt- 
870 



LEE 

house, jail, 3 academies, 20 stores, and 1,700 inhabitanla 
lu the vicinity arc extensive cotton factories. Cumberland 
University was founded here in ISH, and in 1860 had 6 
instructors, 30 alunmi, of whom 21 were ministers, 63 stu- 
dents, and a hbrary of 5,000 volumes. Connected with the 
University is a Law School, which had in 1850 8 instructors 
and 66 students. Two weekly papers arc published, Iho 
" L. Packet" (whig) and " Banner of Peace." 

Lebanon, p. v., and cap. Kussell Co., Virff. : near Big 
Cedar cr. of Clinch r., IGS m. W. by S. liichmond. It 
contains the county buildings, and several stores and 
dwellings. 

Lebanon Whitb Sclpiii^e Spkinqs, p. o., Augusta Co., 
rirg. : 86 m. W. N. W. Eichmond. 

Le Claiee, p. v., Scott CO., la, : on the Mississippi, 62 m. 
E. by S. Iowa City. 

Le Co.mpte Vallet, p. o., (Unknown) Co., Utah Ter. 

Ledlies, p. o., Meigs Co., Ohio : 63 m. 8. E. Columbus. 

Ledtaed, t. and p. v.. New London CO., C</)in. ; on the E. 
side of Thames r., 43 m. S. E. Hartford. Surface pleasantly 
diversified ; soil mostly productive. Farming is the chief 
employment. Good granite is found in abundance. The 
Norwich and Worcester B. E. terminates at Alij-n's Point 
on the Thames, 7. m. S. of Norwich, where is a ferry and a 
growing village, with a brisk trade, and some commerce. 
Pop of 1 1,588. 

Ledtabd, t. and p. o., Cayiiga co., 2f. T. : on the E. side 
of Cayuga Lake, 154 m. W. by N. Albany. Drained by 
small streams flowing into the lake. Surface rolling. Soil, 
clay and loam. Marl is abundant, and great crops of grain 
are raised. In the town are 2 academies. Pop. 2.04-3. 

Lee county, Ga. Situate S. W., and contains 506 sq. m. 
Bounded E. by Flint r., and dramcd by its affluents, Muek- 
alee, Kickafoonee, and other creeks. Surface agreeably va- 
ried ; soil mostly fertile. Cotton is extensively cultivated, 
and forms the great staple, a very large amount being rais- 
ed. Other branches of agriculture are little attended to, 
corn-growing an exception. It has considerable water- 
power, which is not much used. Farms 887; manuf. 7; 
dwell. 6.50, and pop.— wh. 3.025, tr. col. 8, sL 3,620— total 
6,659. Capital: Starkville. 

Lee county, lU. Situate N. W. centrally, and contains 
718 sq. m. Drained by Eoek r., which crosses the N. W. 
corner, and its branch. Green r. Surface undulating or 
level ; soil very fertile. It has much prairie, interspersed 
Willi occasional groves of tunber, and some large swamps. 
Large crops of com and wheat are grown, and the grazing 
is excellent. Eoek r. aflords line water-power, and a bottom 
of great fertility. Farms 473 ; manuf. 12 ; dwell. 905, and 
pop.— wh. 5.2S8, fr. col. 4— total 6,292. Capihll : DLxon. 

Lee county, la. Situate S. E. comer, and contains 476 
sq. m. Bounded N. E. by Skunk r., E. by Mississippi r., 
and S. W. by Des Moines r., and drained by their affluents, 
Half Breed and Sugar creeks, etc. Surface pleasantly di- 
versified; soil very productive. A superior farming CO., 
which raises large crops of wheat and enrn, affords excel- 
lent pasture, and exports live stock, beef, and pork. It has 
also fine timber, and abundance of water-power, which is 
nuich used in manufacturing. Its racatls. natural and arti- 
ficial, for transportation of produce and p.a-ssengers. aro ex- 
tensive, and make it a great thoroughfare for emigration and 
freight destined E. or S. Farms 1.350 ; mainif. 78 ; dwell. 
3,252, and pop. wh.— 13,S09, fr. col. 51— total 18,860. Cap- 
ital: Fort Madison. 

Lr.E county, Vlrg. Situate S. W. corner, and contains 
623 sq. m. Drained by Powell's r.. a branch iif Clineli r., and 
its afliuenls. Stone Fork, and Indian, ilartin's. and Pigeon 
creeks. Surface broken, the Cumberland Mountains bound- 
ing it N. W., with beautiful valleys. Soil very fertile in the 
lower p.arts. and excellent pastur.age in the higher. Corn 
and wheat arc grown largely, and are the staple grains. 
Most grains thrive, and some tobacco is raised. Great num- 
bers of cattle and sheep are kept, and largo quantities of 



LEE 



LEH 



pork exported. It ba^ fine facilities for manufacturing, and 
plenty of iron ore. Farms 595; mannf. 5; dwell l,53(j, and 
pop.—wh. %-iMi, fr. col. 40, si. 7S7— total 10,2G7. Capital: 
Joncsville. 

Lee, t. and p. o., Penobscot co., Me.: 106 m.N. E. Augus- 
ta. It has several largo ponds, which are the sources of 
Passadnmkrag and Mattakcunk rivers, and afford good 
mill-streams. It produces fine crops of grain, and is well 
limbered. Top. 917. 

Lee, t, and p. v., Berkshire co., Mass.: 113 m. "W. Bos- 
ton. Drained by Ilousatonic r. and iU branches, which sup- 
ply it with superior water-power. Surface hilly ; soil adapt- 
ed to grazing, with fine farms and meadows on the larger 
streams. It has fine facilities for manufacturing in its abun- 
dant water-power and fuel, and convenient markets, and 
makes a great variet}' of article^*, among which paper 
is the most important, and employs a large capital. Other 
leading articles are cotton and woolen goods, leather, boots 
and shoes, bar iron, iron castings, mechanical and agricult- 
ural implements, cabinet and wixidrn ware, etc. Excellent 
iron ore and marble are abundant. The v. contains an 
academy, a bank, and several stores and workshops, and is 
11 m. S. of Pittsfield on the Ilousatonic E. E. Pop of t 
S,2-20. 

Lee, t. and p. v., Strafford co., K ffamp. : 27 ra. E. S. E. 
Concord. Drained by Lamprey r. and its branches, which 
move several saw-mills. Surface uneven. an<l soil mostly 
good. Farming is the chief business. Pop. SG4. 

L?.E, t. and p. v., Oneida co., X. Y. : 104 m. "W. N. TV. 
Albany. Drained by branches of Fish, Wood, and Lan- 
sing's creeks, which furnish numerous mill-sites. Surface 
un<lulating; soil clayey or sandy li^mi, and vcrj- fertile. It 
has fine timber, and makes iron, leather, woolens, and flour. 
Pop. 3,033. 

Lee, t. and p. c, Athens co., Ohio: G4 m. S. E. Colum- 
bus. Pop. 961. 

Lee, p. o., Wan\-ick county, Iii<?. : 124 miles S. S. W. 
Indianapolis. 

Lke, p. v., Ogle CO., ///. ; 159 m. N. Springfield. 

Lke Centre, p. v., Lee co., I?f. : 138 m. N. Sprintrfield. 

Lee Centre, p. o., Oneida co., X. Y. : loO m. AV. ;X. "VV. 
Albany 

LnEoirorKG, p. v., Armstrong co., Peun.: on the N. 
bank of Conemaugh r., 14:5 m. W. l.>y N. Ilarrisburg. It is 
on the AV. division of the Pennsylvania Canal, 37 ra. from 
Pittsburg. 

Leechtille, p. 0., Beaufort co., 2^. Cur. : 112 m. E. by S. 
Kaleigh. 

Leeds, t. an<l p. v., Kennebec co., Me. : on the E. side 
of Androscoggin r., 21 m. W. S. TV. Augusta. Androscog- 
gin Pond, a large sheet of water in the N., furnishes abun- 
dance of water for manufacturing, which is an important 
interest, though excelled by farming, for which the soil is 
excellent. The v. is on the r., and contains an academy and 
several stores. The Androscoggin R. K. passes through the 
town, and joins the Androscoggin and Kennebec E. E. in 
the S. part. Pop. of t, 1.952. 

Leeds, p. o., Hampshire co., Mass. : 95 m. "W. by N. 
Boston. 

Leeds, p. v., Greene co., K. T. : on Catskill cr., 4 ra. from 
Catskill, 25 m. S. by W. Albany. It contains a hotel, fur- 
nace, and several flouring mills, with 3()0 inhabitants. 

Leeds Centre, sta.. Kennebec co., Mi'. : on the Andros- 
coggin E. E., 7 m. from its junction with the Androscoggin 
and Kennebec E. E. 

Leeds Manor, p. o., Fauquier county, M.rg. : SG m. N. 
Eichmond. 

Leeds Point, p. v., Atlantic co., N'. Jer. : about 2 m. S. 
of LitUe Egg Harbor r., 53 m. S. S. E. Trenton. 

Leeds Station, p. o., Kennebec county. Me.: 17 miles 
"W. S. W. Augusta. The Androscoggin K. E. here divt-rges 
frv>m the Androscoggin and Kennebec E. E., 44 m. from 
Portland. 



Leedsville. p. v., Monmouth co., 2T. Jei\: about 1 ni.W. 
of Navesink r., 33 m. E. by N. Trenton. 

Leedsville, p. v., Duchess co. , K Y. : on Ten Mile cr 
5S m. S. by E. Albany. It contains a bank, several mills, 
and 450 inhabitants. 

Leepertown, p. T., Bureau county, III.: 116 m. N 
Springfield. 
Leksborough, t., Montgomery co., Md. : see Cottagei 
Leeseurg, p. o. Cherokee co., Ala.,: 126 m. N. N. E. 
Montgomery. 

Leesbueq, p. T., Kosciusko co., Ind. : 107 m. N. by E. 
Indianapolis. 

Leesburg, p. o., Harrison coimty, K>j. : 31 m. E. by N. 
Frankfort. 

Leesburg, p. v., Highland co., Ohio: 62 m. S. W. by S. 
Columbus. The Cincinnati, Hillsboro', and Parkersburg 
E. E. passes the v. 50 m. from Cincinnati. 

Leesburg, p. v., Mercer co., Penn. : on the E. side of 
Neshanock cr.. \^l ra, W. N. W. Harrisburg. On the creek 
is a furnace of 900 tons annual capacity. 

Leesburg, p. v., "Washington county, Tenn.: 235 m, E. 
Nashville. It contains several stores, a high school, and 
200 inhabitants. 

Leesburg, p. v., and cap. Loudon co., Virg. : about 2 m. 
W, of the Potomac, 107 m. N. Eiehmnnd. It occupies a 
commanding position at the base of Kittoctan Mountains, 
is tastefully laid out, and has a fine aqueduct leading from 
the hills. It contains a court-house and jail, a bank, 3 aca- 
demies, 30 stores, several manufactories, and about 8,000 
inhatiitants. The " Washingtonian" and Loudon Chron- 
icle" are published weekly. 

Lee's Cove, p. o., Shelby county, Ala. : 59 m. N. N. W. 
Montgomery. 

Lee's Creek, p. o., Clinton county, Ohio: 56 m. S. "W. 
Columbus. 

Lee's Cross Eoads, p. c, Cumberland co., Penn. : 29 m. 
W. S. "W. Harrisburg. 
Lee's Mills, p. o., Owen co., Ky. : N. Frankfort. 
Leesport, p. o., Berks county, Penn.: 4S m. E, by N". 
Harrisburg. 

Lee's Eidge, p. c. Eandolph co., -4/a. .- 73 m. N. N. E. 
Montgomery. 
Leesville, p. T., Middlesex co.. Conn. 
Lhesville, p. v., Lawrence county, Ind.: 03 miles S. 
Indianapolis. 

Leesville, p. v., Hart county, Ky.: on Bacon cr., 74 m, 
S. S. W. Frankfort. 

Leesville, p. v., Schoharie CO., A'i Y. : 49 m. W. by N. 
Albany. 

Leesville, p. t., Eolieson co., K Car. : on a branch of 
Lumber r., S'J m. S. by "W. Ealeigh. 

Leesville, p. t., Carroll county, Ohio : 95 m. E. N. E, 
Columbus. 

Leesville, p. o., Lexington dist., S. Car. : 27 m. W. by S. 
Columbia. 

Leestille, p. v., Campbell co., Virg, : at the junction of 
Goose cr. and Stanton r., 104 m. W. S. "VV. Eichmond. It 
contains several mills and 150 inhabitants. 

Leesville Cross Eoads, p. o., Crawford co., Ohio : 57 m. 
N. by E. Columbus, 

Leetown, p. v., Jefferson co., Virg. : on Ocoquan r., 
124 m. N. by W. Eichmond. It contains several mills and 
200 inhabitants. 

Lee Vallet, p. o., TTawkins county, Tenn.: 3 m. S. of 
Clinch r., 236 m. E. by N. Nashville. 

Lefever, p. c, Bartholomew co., Ind : 83 m. S. by E. 
Indianapolis. 

Leflore, p. c, Carroll county, Miss. : 83 m. N. by E. 

Jackson. 

Legal Law, p. v., York dist., S. C<u\ : 67 m. N. Columbia. 

Leoi Crrv, v., Utah co., Viah Tcr. : on the E. side of 

Jonlan r., and at the ouUct of T'tali L.ake, 104 m. N. by E. 

Fillmore City. It is one of the Mormon settlements. 

371 



LEH 

Leiii, p. o., Jefferson CO., Ark. : S. S. E. LitUe Eock. 
Leuigu county, Fenn. Situate E. middle, and contains 
821 sq. nl. Drained by Lehigh r., which runs on its N. E. 
border, and its l>ranches. The Blue IJidge occupies the N. 
border, and parts of the county are brolien — most is delight- 
fully varied ; soil generally excellent, raising line crops of 
wheat, corn, rye, and oats, and feeding large dairies. It has 
much water-power, ami its manufactures are very large. 
The chief of these is iron, which Is found in abundance, 
with inexhaustible beds of coal in the vicinity. Cotton and 
woolen goods, powder, leather, stoneware, and distilled 
liquors are also made. Farms 2,0T4; manuf. 270; dwell. 
5,089, and pop.— wh. 82,431, fr. eol. 48-tolal S2,479. Cap- 
ital: Allentown. Puhlic Works: rhiladelphia and Dela- 
ware VTater Gap E. E.; Easton and Mauch (_ hunlc P.. E. 

Lehigh river, P«in.; a tributary of Delaware river. II 
rises in Luzerne county, near Wilkesbarre, and flows about 
100 m. to Easton. Along this river, by means of locks, 
dams, and canals, a navigation is opened from Easton to 
■Whitehaven, 841 m., "f wli'ch SOi eonsLsl of pools, 89J of 
canal, 2} of locks, and tho remainder of sluices. This forms 
a most important opening to the coal mines, to which rail- 
roads are continued. The river in its upper |)art is a rapid 
mountain stream, with many falls and cascades. 

Lehigh Gap, p. v.. Carbon co., Pemi. : 74 m. E. N. E. 
Harrisburg. The Lehigh r. hero passes through the Blue 
Mountain, which rises about 1.200 feet above the chanucl 
on either hand, and forms a spectacle of great grandeur. 
■Water cement is made in the v. from limestone found here. 
A few miles distant are 2 bloomeries and a charcoal forge, 
■which together make 220 tons of bars per annum, mostly 
from the magneclic ores of New Jersey. 

Leuighton, p. v.. Carbon co., Peiui. : on Lehigh r., 76 
Xn. N. E. Harrisburg. A bridge crosses tho river. In and 
near the v. are 2 bloomery forges, producing 76 U)ns of bars 
per annum, and a charcoal furnace of 2.000 tons capacily. 

Lehmau, t. and p. o., Luzerne county, Peii:i. : 82 m. 
N. E. by N. Harr'isbiirg. Drained by Lehman's, Harvey's, 
and other creeks, which furnish fine mill-sites. Surface 
much broken, and soil good. Farming anil grazing are the 
principal pursuits. 

LmoBSTEB, t. and p. v., 'Worcester co., Maxs. : 46 m. Vf. 
Boston. It lies on the highest land between Boston Harbor 
and the Connecticut, and has many hills, from which de- 
scend branches of Chicopee, Quinnebaug, and Blaokstonc 
rivers, alTording numerous mill-seals. Surface very uneven, 
and soil deep and fertile. It contains many excellent farms 
and large dairies and orchards. 'Woolen and cotton goods 
are largely manufactured, and machinery of various kinds, 
cards, combs, chairs, cabinel-warc, farming implements, 
boots and shoes, etc. The 'Western E. E. has a sla. in the 
E. part 9 m. W. Worcester. Tho v. is on a hill command- 
ing an extensive and charming view, is beautifully laid out, 
and contains a celebrated and well-endowed academy, in- 
corporated in 17S4, a bank, several hotels, stores, and work- 
shops, and many eleg,ant mansions. Pop. of t. 2.209. 

Leioestee, t. and p. o., Addison Co., Verm, : 88 m. 8. 'W. 
Montpelier. Drained by Otter cr. and its branches. Great 
Trout Pond, a large sheet of water, lies partly in it on the N. 
Surface broken, and in the E. mountainous ; soil, except in 
the highest parts, a fertile sandy loam, with some clay flats. 
The Ilutland and Burlington K. E. crosses the 'W. part along 
Otter cr. Pop. 696. 

Leightos, p. v., Lawrence co., Ma. : 171 m. N. N. 'W. 
Montgomery. The Memphis and Charleston E. E. passes 

LEiGirroN'8, p. 0., Yalabusha co., Mitt. : US m. N. by E. 
Jackson. ' „ „ „- 

Leigiiton's Cobsees, p. 0., Carroll co., K Hump. : 86 m. 
N. E. Concord. 

Leii-ek's Fork, p. o., 'Williamson co., Term, : on a branch 
of Harpetl r. so called, 22 m. S. S. 'W. Nashville. 

Leipeesville, p. v., Delaware CO., Pmin.: about 1 m. 
872 



LEJT 

from Delaware r., 64 m. E. by 8. Harrisburg. A canal, 2 
m. long, leads through it from stone quarries on Eidley's cr. 
to the Delaware. 

Leipsic, p. v., Kent co., Dd. : on Little Duck cr., T m. 
N. Dover. 

Leipsic, p. o., Putnam co., Ohio : 95 m. N. W. by N. 
Columbus. 

Lkistvillb, p. v., Pickaway county, Ohio: 2-3 m. S. 
Columbus. 

Leiteesburg, p. v., 'Washington CO., Md.: 2 m, E. of 
Antietam cr., 77 m. N. V. Annapolis. Pop. 29S. 

Lelasau county, Jfich, Situate N. 'W. on Lower Penin- 
sula, and conuiins 0S7 sq. m. Bounded W. and N. by Lake 
Michigan, and N. E. by Grand Traverse Bay, and drained 
by Belsie r., and other small rivers flowing into the lake. 
Surface in parts low and marshy, with bold blutTs on the 
lake shore and hills farther back. It has numerous ponds 
filled with fine fish, and Is well timbered, the last being the 
the chief attraction, as the co. is little settled. It includes 
Great and LitUe Manilou islands, which have a beautiful 
appearance on tho water, and are resorted to for hunting 
and fishing. Unorganized in 1S50. 
Leland's Mill, p. o., Sauk co., Wise. 
Lemisgton, t. and p. o., Essex county, V^rw. : on the 
Connecticut, 67 m. N. E. Montpelier. Drained by several 
small streams, on one of wliieh is a beautiful cascade of 50 
feet. Surface mountainous, and mostly incapable of culti- 
vation. Pop. 187. 

Lemon Place, sta., Lancaster CO., Penn, : 12 m. E. of 
Lancaster, on the Columbia and Philadelphia E. E. 

Lexiont, p. v., Cook county, J II.: 167 m. N. E. by N. 
Springfield. 

Lempster, t. and p. 0., Sullivan co., K Hamp. : 83 m. 'W. 
Concord. Drained by heads of Cold and Sugar rivers, 
which supply water-power. Surface uneven, and in the E. 
mountainous ; soil best adapted to grass. It contains several 
small manufactories. Pop. 900. 

Lbnawee county, Mich. Situate 8. E., and contains "83 
sq. m. Drained by Eaisin r. and its branches, Macon and 
Little Eaisin rivers, and Bear, 'Wolf, and Evan's creeks, and 
N. and S. branches of P.aisin r. ; and W. by Tiffin's or Bear 
cr. of the Maumee. Surface mostly undulating— in the N. 
somewhat hilly ; soil a black, sandy loam, free from stone, 
and very prolific of wheat, com, oats, and grass— a superior 
farming or grazing co. The S. is well timbered. In tho 
N. 'W. are several large ponds or lakes, the largest being 
Michemanetuc, or Devil's Lake, 'Wampler's and Evans's, 
and the co. is abundantly supplied wiln excellent water- 
power, and has extensive manufactures. Marl is abundant, 
and good iron ore is found. 'Wheat, corn, live-stock, beef, 
and pork arc leading exports. Farms 2,470; manuf. 150; 
dwell. 4.892, and pop.— wh. 26,2S2, fr. col. 90— total 26,373. 
Capital : Tecumseh. PiMio Works : Michigan Southern 
E. E. ; Erie and Kalamazoo E. E. ; Tecumseh Branch 
Eailroad. 

Lesn's Cbeek, p. 0., Kan.iwha county, Tlrg.: 137 m. 
•W. N. W. Eichmond. 

Lenoir county, A^. Car. Situate S. E., and contains 353 
sq. m. Intersected by Kcuse r., and drained by Mockasin 
and Trent rivers, and smaller branches of it. Surface 
mostly level or slightly uneven ; soil on the streams rich, but 
back of them sandy and much less fertUe. Corn is the chief 
crop; wheat, cotton, sweet potatoes, and, in the marshes, 
rice, are successfully cultivated. It has considerable excel- 
lent pine timber and some water-power. Farms 362 ; m.anuf. 
17 ; dwell. 702, and pop.— wh. 8,567, fr. col. 145, si. 4,116— 
total 7,S23. t'i(/)ir<;/ .■ Kingston. fuWic H'w'A'S ; Goldsboro' 
and Newbern E. E. (projected). 

Lenoir, p. v., and cap. (Caldwell co., 2f. Car. : 166 m. 
\f. by N. Ealeigh. It contains a court-house and jail, and 
several dwellings. 

Lenoir's, p. o., F.oane county, Tmn.: 141 m. E. by S. 
Nashville. 



LEN 



LER 



Lenox, I., p. x-, and cap. Berkshire co., Ma^s. : 115 ni. W. 
Boston. PniiiiL^fl by Iloiisatonic r., which flows on iU E. 
bonier, and iiffonls some wiiter-powcr. Surface checkeri-'d 
wilh rugscd hills and lovely valleys, and soil very produc- 
tirc. It has rich dcixisits of iron ore and quarries of beauti- 
ful marble, both of which are wrought, t)ut is chiefly a 
farming town, the attractive scenery of wltlch has made it 
the favorite retrcatof genius, native and foreign, and a sum- 
mer resort of the beauty and fashion of the land. The v. is 
neatly built on elevated ground, and contains a court-house, 
jail, an academy, founded in IS03, and many elegant man- 
sions. The Ilousatonic K. R. passes along the river, and 
Lenox 6t;i. is 9 m. S. of Pittsfield. Pop. of t. 1,593. 

Lends,!, and p. o., Madison co., K V. : lOS m. W. N. W. 
Albany. Drained by Oneida, Canaseraga, Cowaseon, and 
Chitlcnango creeks, flowing into Oneida Lake, its N. 
boundary. It is a large t, and has an extensive swamp in 
(ho N. The surface is mostly level, and soil adapted to 
wheat, and very fertile. It contains an academy, and sev- 
eral manufactories. The Syracuse and Utiea R. R. and 
Erie Canal cross the town. On the latter is the v. of Lenox 
Basin, where are several stores and warehouses, 27 m. E. 
of Syracuse. Pop. fif L 7,r)9r. 

Lbnos, t. and p. o., Ashtabula co., Ohio: 161 ra. N. E. 
Columbus. Drained by branches of Grand r. Surface un- 
even, and soil generally go<L>d. Pop. 731. 

Lekox, t. and p. o., Susquehanna co., Penn. : 112 m. 
N. E. by N. Harrisburg. Drained by Tunkhannoek and 
Martin's creeks. Surface rough, and soil adapted to pastur- 
age. Timber is largely exported. The Lackawanna and 
■Western li. R. crosses the W. part. 

Lenox, t. and p. o., M'Comb co., Mich. : S7 m. E. Lansing. 
Drained by branches of Clinton and Saline rivers. It is well 
timbered, and has a salt spring in the S. parL Pop. 654. 

Lknox C.vstle, p. 0., Rockingham co., ^T. Car. : 73 m. 
N. W. by W. Raleigh. 

Lenox Fcrnace, p. o., Berkshh'e co., Mass.: 116 m. W. 
Boston. 

Lrnostii.t,e, p. v.. Susquehanna co., Peiin. : IIG m. 
N. E. by N. Harrisburg. 

Leo, p. o., Allen co., ImL: V2S m. N. E. by E. Indian- 
apolis. 

Leo. p. o., ■Washington co,, JV. Cur. : 119 m. E. Raleigh. 

Leo, p. o., Habersham county, Gu. : 107 m. N. by "W. 
Milledgeville. 

Leominsteii. t and p. v., Worcester co., JAa.v.t. ; 37 m. 
"W. N. W. Boston. Drained by brandies of Nashua r., on 
wliich are many fine mill privileges. Surface moderately 
uneven, with no large hills; soil clayey and mostly of ex- 
cellent quality — on the large streams are extensive meadows, 
iiich rock alum is found. Farming and grazing are the 
chief occupations ; but numerous ami various manufactories 
are operated. Paper, cabinet-ware, boots and shoes, combs, 
chairs, harnesses, carriages, and mechanics' tools are made. 
The v. contains an academy and several stores. The 
Fitchburg R. R. and Eitchburg and Worcester R. R. pass 
through the L The station of the latter is 9 m. S. of Fitch- 
burg. Pop. of t. 3,121. 

Leon county, Flor. Situate N. middle, and contains 9S5 
sq. m. Drained by Little and Ocklockony rivers, which 
bound it W., and St. Mark's r., all flowing into Ajipalachee 
Bay. Surface moderately uneven, with low marshes in 
parts, and largely covered wilh a growth of pine; soil 
various — much is very fertile. It has large ponds or lakes 
in the N., but its streams are small, though furnishing many 
mill-seats. Cotton is the great staple, and is raised in very 
large quantities. Com and sweet potatoes yield well, and 
some sugar is made. Farms 356; manuf. 15; dwell. 737, 
and pop.— wh. 3,1S3, fr. col. 46, si. 8.2()S— total 11.432. 
Ciipital: Tallahassee. FuUic Works: St. Marks and Tal- 
laba-ssee R. R. 

Leon county, Tea^. Situate E. centrally, and contains 
3,1S4 sq. m. Bounded "W. by Xavasoto r., a branch of the 



Brazos, and E. by Trinity r. Drained W. by Birch and 
Deer creeks: E. by Alligator, Buflulo, Upper and Lower 
Keechi, Leona, and Boggy creeks. Surface undulating — in 
the E. are hills of gentle .ascent, but no great elevation ; soil 
on the Navasoto and Trinity a deep loam, variously mixed 
with sand and clay, and of great fertility — in the S., between 
the rivers, are sandy ri<Iges, Corn and cotton produce great 
crops, and most of the grains thrive. It is also a fine grazing 
CO., and many cattle and liorses are sent to markcL On the 
Trinity are dense forests of excellent timber, but a large 
portion is prairie, dotted over witli post oak groves. The 
Trinity is a large stream navigable for light draft steam- 
boats, and the Navasoto is beatable in moat seasons. Farms 
151; manuf. 5; dwell. 231, and pop.— wh. 1,825, fr. col. 0, si. 
621— total 1,946. Capital: Leona. 

Leon, t. and p. o., Cattaraugus co., JV; Y. : 27S m. W. by S. 
Albany. Drained by Conewango cr., on which are numer- 
ous saw-millg. Surface generally level ; soil sandy loam. A 
good farming t. Pop. 1,340. 

Leon, p. o., Madison county, Virg. : 78 m. N. W. 
Richmoml. 

Leon, p. o., Ashtabula co., Ohio .• 152 m. E. Columbus, 

Leona, p. v., and cap. Leon co., 7ex. : about midway 
between Navasoto and Trinidad rivers, 121 m. N. E. by E. 
Au.stin City. It is in a rolling and somewhat sandy region, 
but sparsely settled, and contains a court-house, jail, and 150 
inhabitants. 

Leonardtown, p. v., and cap. St. Mary's co., 3fd.: on 
the E. side of Britlons Bay, a small branch of the Potomac, 
46 m. S. by W. Annapolis, It contains a court-house, jail, 
academy, several stores, and 350 inhabitants. The "St. 
Mary's Beacon" is published weekly. 

Leonaedsville, p. v., Madison co., ?i. T. : on TJnadilla 
river, SI m.W. by N. Albany. It contains several mills and 
400 inhabitants, 

Lboni, t. and p. o., Jackson co., Midi.: 56 ra. S. S. E. 
Lansing. Drained by heads of Grand river, flowing from 
numerous ponds within it. and furnishing mill-seats. Sur- 
face undulating, and soil rich loam, producing large cropa 
of grain. The Michigan Central R. 11. crosses the N. part. 
Pop. 290. 

Leonidar. t. and p. c, St. Joseph's county, Mich.: on 
St. Joseph's river, 59 m. S. W. by S. Lansing. Drained by 
Bear and Pine creeks; soil a fertile prairie. Pop. S53. 

Lnopoi.n, p. v., Perry co.. Infl. : about 7 m. from the 
Ohio. 114 m. S. by W. Indianapolis. 

Ln Raystille, p. v., Jefferson co., N. Y. : 143 m. N. "W. 
Albany. 

Le Raysville, p. v., Bradford co.,/>^;n..' 109m-N.N.E. 
Harrisburg. It contains an academy, several stores, and 
300 inhabitants. 

Lk Roy, p. v., M'Lean county, III. : 53 m. N. E. by E. 
Springfield. 

Le Roy, t. and p. v., Genesee co,. K. Y. : 226 m.W. by N. 
Albany. Drained by Allen's cr., which affords great water- 
power. Surface mostly level ; soil sandy loam, and exceed- 
ingly productive of wheat and other grain. The Buffalo, 
Corning, and New York R. R. crosses it. The v. is on the 
creek, which falls 125 feet within 2 miles, and is largely 
engaged in manufacturing flour, oil, and leather. It is 
mostly built of stone, and contains a bank, an academy, 25 
stores, several large flouring mills, and about 2,000 inhab- 
itants. The *'L. Gazette," .ind "Genesee Courier" (both 
whig), are published here weekly. Pop. of t. 3,472. 

Le Roy, p. c, Medina county, Ohio: 89 m. N. E. by N. 
Columbus. 

Le Roy, t. and p. o,. Dodge county, TTmjc. ; 56 m. N. E. 
Madison. Tlte t. has fine land in the E., but the W. is a 
portion of the great Winnebago Marsli. Pop. 31*7. 

Le Roy, t. and p. o., Bradford county, Penn. : 91 ra. N. 
Harrisburg. Drained by Towanda creek and i\a branches, 
which move numerous s:iw-mil!s. Surface uneven, and soil 
good ; wooleuB are manufactured, and lumber exported. 

373 



LER 



LEW 



Le Roy, t. and p. o., Jngham oo., Mich. : 19 m. E.S.E. 
LftDsiDg. Drained by Cfdar r. and its branches. It has a 
fertile soil, and ia well supplied with timber and mill-sites. 
Pop. 3M. 

Leslie, t. and p. v., Ingham co., Mich. : 21 m. S. by E. 
Lansing. Brained by a branch of Grand r. Surface level, 
and soil finely adapted to grain. Pop. 673. 

Le Sour.DsviLLE, p. t., Butler co., Ohio: S9 m. W. S. "W. 
Columbus. 

Lessee Crosb Koads, p. o., Somerset co., N. Jer. : S4 m. N. 
Tn'Dton. 

Lesslet, p. o., Benton co., Jfo. .• on Beaver creek of the 
Osage, 63 m. "W. S. W. Jefferson City. 

Lester's District, p. o., Burke co., Gn. : S4 m. E. by S. 
Milledgeville. 

Lesterville, p. o., Hcynolds co., 2fo. : on the E. side of 
Big Black Water r., 9S ui. S. E. Jefferson Cily. 

Letaet Falls, p. v., Meigs co., Ohio: on the Ohio r., 92 
m. S. E. Columbus. 

Letcher county, Xy. Situate 9. E., and contains 305 
eq. m. It has the Cumberland Mountains on the S. E., and 
gives rise to the Kentucky r., by small head streams of which 
it is drained — Boone's, Carr's, King's, and Line Fork creeks. 
Surface broken, with fine mill-streams in parts, and many 
rich bottoms. Soil generally very fertile ; com and oats 
grow finely, and the pastures are excellent, feeding many 
cattle, horses, and sheep. Pork is the principal export. 
Farms 343; manuf. 0; dwell. 416, and pop.— wh. 2,440, fr. 
ool. 10, si. 62— total 2,512. Capital: Whitesburg. 

Letcher, p. o., Harlan co., Ki/. : 107 m. S. E. Frankfort. 
' Letch eeville, p. v., Greene co., III. : 4S m. V,\ S. W. 
Springfield. 

Letimbervtlle, p. v., Marion county, Ohio : 49 m. N. 
Columbus. 

Letter A No. 2, t, and p. o., Oxford county, Me. : 61 m. 
W. by N. Augusta. Surface elevated, and mostly covered 
■with heavy timber. It is little cultivated. Pop. 108. 

Letter B, t. and p. o., Oxford co.. Me. : 66 m. W. N. "W. 
Augusta. Lake Umbagog occupies the N., and its affluents 
afford abundant mill privileges. Soil fertile; lumbering is 
the chief business. Pop. 174. 

Levanna, p. v., Cayuga co., K Y.: on the E. side of 
Cayuga Lake, 156 m.AV. by N. Albany. It has a steamboat 
landing, and contains a flouring mill, several warehouses, 
and 400 inhabitants. 

Levanna, v.. Brown co., Ohio: on the N. bank of the 
Ohio r., opposite Dover, 92 m. S. S.W. Columbus. Pop. 174. 

Levant, t. and p. v., Penobscot co.. Me. : 59 m. N. E. 
Augusta. Drained by Kenduskeag r., which crosses the E. 
part, and its branches. Surface uneven, and soil fertile. 
The V. is on the r., which turns several mills. Population 
of t. 1,S42. 

Levant, p. v., Chautauquc co., JVI J' .' on Conew.ingo cr., 
287 m. W. by S. Albany. 

Levee, p. c, Montgomery county, Ky. : €2 m. E. by S. 
FrankforL 

Level, p. o.. Richland disL, S- Car. : on Kice cr., 12 m. 
N. by E. Columbia. 

Level, p. o., "Warren county, O?iio: 74 miles W. S. "W. 
Columbus. 

Level Green, p. o., Giles county, Virff.: 164 m. TV". 
Eiohmond. 

Levenworth, p. v., and cap. Crawford co., /;«?. .* on the 
Ohio, lOT m. S. Indianapolis. It has a fine landing, and an 
exteneive trade with the interior. In the vicinity is the coal 
region, and ship timber is abundant. It contains a court- 
house, several stores, and 600 inhabitants. 

LEVERETT,t. and p. v., Franklin CO., J/n«*.;74m.'W".byN. 
Boston. Drained by affluents of the Connecticut, which 
furnish power for small mills. Surface uneven, with large- 
fertile meadows, and superior past\ire land. Farming and 
grazing form its great interests, but timber is plenty, and 
much maple sugar is made. Wooden-ware, leather, and 
874 



woolens are manufactured. The Andierst and Belcher- 
town K. K. passes through it. Pop. 94S. 

Levering, p. o., Knox co., Oh, : 43 m. K. by E. Columbofl. 

Leverington, p. 0., Philadelphia county, Pt^nn. ; 92 m. 
E. by S. llarrisbiu-g. 

Levi, p. o., Jackson co., Ohio : 73 m. S. S. E. Columbus. 

Lew county, Flor. Situate on the neck of the peninsu- 
la, "\V. side, and contains 77S sq. m. Bounded N. W. by 
Suwanee r., and S. by AVithlaconchee r., between which 
Wakasse, Wakasassa, and Ten Mile creeks empty into Wa- 
kasassa Bay. Surface low and level, and covered exten- 
sively with swamps abounding in lieavy timber, with occa- 
sional dry elevations. Soil, when tillable, very rich, pro 
ducing abundantly com, cotton, and semi-tropical fruits 
and melons. Farms 0; manuf. 0; dwell. 64; and pop. — 
wh. 320, fr. coL 0, si. 145— total 465. Capital: Wakasassa. 

Lewes, p. v., Sussex co., Del. : 33 m. S. S. E. Dover. It 
contains an academy, several stores, and 350 inhabitants. 

Lewes and Hehoboth, hund., Sussex co., Del. : at the 
mouth of Delaware Bay, with the Atlantic on the E. and 
Pehoboth Bay on the S. Has a level surface, sandy soil, and 
an area of 35,030 acres. The Delaware Breakwater Ih oq 
ita N. coast Pop. 2,015. 

Lewis county, Ky. Situate N. E., and contains 316 sq. m. 
Bounded N. by the Ohio, and drained by its afl:iuents, Salt 
Lick and Kinuiconink creeks, and North Lick, a branch 
of Licking r. Surface uneven, and sod fertile. Com and 
wheat are staple cereals. It has good pastures, and raisea 
considerable pork for export In the N. copperas, Ume- 
atone, and fine clay for fire-brick and stoneware are found. 
Farther S. are the ^sculapian Springs, a celebrated water- 
ing-place, and salt-springs are found. Farms 651 \ manuf. 
21; dwell. 1,223, and pop.— wh. 6,869, fr. col. 11, si. 322— 
total 7,202. Capital: Clarksburg. Fublio Works: Cov- 
ington and Ohio R. E. 

Lewis county. Mo. Situate N, E., and contVms 519 sq. m. 
Bounded E. by the Mississippi, and drained by Wyaconda r., 
and N., Middle and S. Fabius rivers, and Taylor's fork. 
Surface roUinc; or slightly uneven. Soil highly productive, 
affording excellent grass and grain lands ; raising large crops 
of corn and wheat, and good tobacco, and feeding numer- 
ous cattle and sheep. It has fine mill streams, abundance 
of timber, and growing manufactures. The forests furnish 
mast for great numbers of swine, and pork is a large article 
of ex-port Bituminous coal, salt springs, and lead, exist 
abundanUy in parts. Farms 44S ; manuf. 15 ; dwell. 905, 
and pop.— wh. 5,364, fr. col. 8, fil. l,206~total 6,578. Cap- 
ital: Montieello. 

Lewis county, J^ T. Situate N., a little E. of Lake On- 
tario, and contains 1,122 sq. m. Drained by Black r. and its 
tributaries, Beaver r.. Independence r.. Otter cr., and Mooso 
river, all E., and several minor ones W. ; S. "SV. by Salmon 
river of Lake Ontario, and Fish cr. of Lake Oneida, and N. 
by Indian r. and "W. fork of Oswegatchie r., flowing into the 
St La^Tcnce. Surface in the E. hilly, rising from Black 
river toward the mountains E. of it; "W. rolling, with fre- 
quent hills, and an inclination to the W. and S. ; on Black r. 
are broad alluvial flats. Soil various ; the bottoms are very 
fertile; the rest a gravelly, sandy, or clayey loam, produces 
welt under good cultivation, and is especially fitted for pjist- 
ure. The E. has large forests of pine, spruce, hemlock, 
beech, maple, and ash. From the maple much sugar is 
made. Farming and grazing are the chief pursuits. Pota- 
toes, oats, wheat and barley, the chief crops, and the pro- 
duce of the dairy very large. The streams afford water- 
power almost without limit, but it is little used. Flour, lum- 
ber, leather, and woolen goods are the chief manufactures. 
■\Vool, butter, and cheese, the chief exports. "\V. of Black r. 
fine limestone abounds. Superior iron ore Is found in abun- 
dance, and lead ore in smaller quantities. Farms 2,374; 
manuf. 67; dwell. 4,624, and i)op.— wh. 24,524,1V. col. 40— 
total 24,564. Capital: Martinsbtirg. PuhUcM'brl^s: Black 
llivcr Canal; Saratoga and Sackelt's Harbor K. E., etc 



LEW 



LEW 



^TrwTS county, Oregmx, Situate N. W., and covers an ] 

levoml inle^ from the ocean around it; Shoalwater Bay, 
Gav-s Harbor, H.^d-s Channel, Puget Sound and Adm- 
ra IV Inlet, intoVhioh flow streams of constderablelenglh but 

„fffic!^t or impossible navigation These .- C nkce^ s r 
of GraVs Harbor, and its branches, W Konzie s Fork, New 
aukum and Sknkumchuck rivers; and Tenalciu.t or bhu t s 

and mouths of the rivers being obstructed ^^^Mlm saml 
bars, which render their entrance uncertam and bazardous. 
Th" rivers aboun.l in fine fish, particulariy salmon, and fish 
^ngicxtensivoiv pursued, furnishing the nc^nc arKirecen 

-sri:^s:.:::s:f^e;:fir>r-arJ^iu 

;^rquantities, and furnish an in,portant -Ucic of^d et 

mannf. 3; dwell. UC, and pop.-wh. 4oT, fr. col. 101 total 
'^L^luv"^;;:"" Situate W. middle, and contains 
3.,^rm. Drained by Buffalo and Duck rivers, branches 
o Tennessee r.. and their amuents. Surface^b^ant d - 

capital: N'^'""^^; Ij. ^., ^nd contains 608 

\rBrre; 'b hTads * E ami W.'forks of Mononga- 
sq. m. Brained n> ne. ^inawha r., 3>adina, Sand, 

helar.,and branches of Little Ka"»wh" ^^ ^ - 

Td wooi a."pork arc ex-p-rted. It has fine-iU streamy 
and many small manufacturing estabbshmen^. C^al and 

~;, p. cTigo county, /.^..-CT miles W.S.^V. 
Indianapolis. v T . il'? m N by H. 

r and contains several forges, and numerous mills for 
T^rrdp'rB;Snco.,.....ontheOhio,SSm. 
S W by S. Columbii. Drained by ^-hi.e Oak and Lt^tlc , 
LTks Surface somewhat uneven, and sod very fertile. | 

Pop.l.99T. -„,,.„„ p,.„„ • 8 m. 8. Harrisburg. 

Lewisbeeet, p. v., York co., 1 ■ •»>■ . » m. .- ^ . 

LBWisnOEOron, t. and p. o., Westchester Jo., *• l-- to 
m 8 bv E. Albanv. Drained by branches of Croton r., its 
^. bonnLy. Surface uneven, and soil sandy loam of good 
fertility. A farming town. Pop. l.W. , „ 

LEWisBtjEU, p. v.. and cap. Conway co., Arl. . on the leu 



bank of Arkansas r., .ST m. N. W. Little Kock. It has a good 

bash r., 06 m. N. Indianapolis. The Wabash and Erie Canal 
passes through the v., Sm. from Logatisporl. 
Lewisbcko, p. v., Preble county, Oh.: 81 m. W . by». 

Columbus. ^t . M m w Iw N 

LEWL^ncEG, T., Champaign county, Oh.: 61 ro. W. by JN. 

Columbus. Pop. 802. . 

Lewisbueo, p. b., L-nion CO., Penn.: on the nght banfc 
of SuIqUan^a r., just below the mouth of Buffalo cr« 
Z N. bv W. Harrisburg. A short branch eross-ng the river 
Tonnect; it with the W. branch division "^ ^he Peni^ylva^.a 
Canal. It has a brisk trade m farmmg products, and con- 
tain, an academy and about 20 stores. A coUege was found- 
d here by the Baptists in 1S49, and in mi l--^^ -f^f '°" 
and 46 students. Tluee newspapers are P* -A''^. ?fr 
ChristUche Botschafter," a religious f >"7:f;7; " f " 
man, and the " L. Demoeraf (dem.), and "L. Chronicle 

^'t^::!;;tti™r:'™oo.,7>™.:neara 

br™f Duk' r., is m. S. Nashville. It is tb. cen^e of a 

rich com region, and contains a court-house, jail, se^ eral 

I stores, and 300 inhabitants. -r;,.^ • 16" 

LEWtsBCEO, p. v., and cap. Greenbrier ™;^ J ' ^- , ^ "' 

m W bv N. Kichmond. It contains a court-house and jad, 

^o academies, several large stores, and about If ";""="> 

ran" Within a few miles are the celebraU^ Wbi e an<l 

Blue Stdphur Springs, which are reached 'f °"g^'';'r J;; 

an.l add much to its other attractions. The L. Chronicle 

^S:^-^:S;p.o., WUkescci. «»^: <m a branch of 
Yadkin r. so called. 16-2 m. W. N. W^ Kaletgh 

T rwispOET p. v., Hancock CO., K,j.: on the S. banK oi 

thfoITo'lS m. W-: by S. Frankfort It contams 3 stores, 

30 houses, and 250 inhabitants. ^. „ . .y „, w b7 

Lewis' Stoee, p. o., Spottsylvania CO., T. rg. : 47 m. N. by 

1 W. Ptichmond. 

Lewistos, Virg. See Lunenbm-g C. H. 
' LEWisTox, t. and p. v., Niagara eo., -V. >. .■ on the E. side 
of Nil^ara l 27S m"^^ W. by N. Albany. Surface gencra^^y 
level; "soil ealeareons or sandy loam, and mostly ^^^d- 
The Kochester.L.ickport, and Niagara Falls E.E. V^^ 
through it. and a branch extends to the v. The v., at the 
Sof tomboat navigation, T m. from Lake On^no U^ 
a good landing and constant commmiication, and an ex en 
sive tado witS most of the lake ports. A ferry connects i 
rhQue:nstown,and railroads leading west It eon^ms 
Z academy, about 20 stores and warehouses, and 1,000 m- 

habitants. Pop. of t. 2,933. 
LEWis™K.tan.lp.v Lincoln CO .re.-onthe^E.^^^^^^^ 

irrSi.rifr.-rnrhiTL'e soil, which is weU 

u i'vated. The leading interest is 7"'f •'r'.!"^^;^^, 

tres in the v., on the r., which descends abotit 60 feet m 15 

s A dam has been thrown across it, and a mosUinhm 

led water-power obtained. Large cotton-mUls are budt 

,d U b ds fair to become one of the large manufacturing 

t;:of.theUnion. A bridge.^,000 feet long, con^^^^ 

Snr-^'K-^^rrrrfrorP— The-. 

fron'lp»n "« m. N. W. Springfield.^ It conUims a court- 
l::^e,;il, high school and about 40^ inha^,^ .s^ ^^^ ^, 

Lewistowm, p. v., Logan Co., 0/... on me 
Miami r., 66 m. N. W. by W. Columbus. ^^^ ^_ 

T EWlsTows, p. t)., and cap. Mifflm CO., ^«'"- „ ™. 

.d'eTunir,ar.:'at the mouth of Kishc^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 

by W. Harrisburg^ t is regul^y^-^^^ 
in the centre, conUiming th. eouri ^^^^^^ ^^ 

ings. I. also contains an ^-■^™>;;^:'^ , .onsof bl<»ms 
1,300 tons capacity, and a forge producm„ ^^. 



LEW 

per annum. In the Ticmity ore mineral springs, and a fur- 
nace of 1,000 tons capacity. The '• L. Gazette" (wliif!) and 
" True Democrat" (dcm.) are pulilished weekly. The I'enn- 
Bylvania Can.al passes through it, 88 m. from llollidaysburg, 
and the Eastern division of the Pennsylvania K. U., 01 m. 
from llarrislmrg. Pop. 2,T35. 

Lewisville. p. v., and cap. Lafayette Co., A rl: : about C m. 
E. of Ked r., and 120 m. S. W. Little Koek. It is surrounded 
by rich cotton and com plantations, and cont;iins a court- 
house, a few stores, and 200 inhabitants. 

Lewisville, p. v., Monroe co., Ohio: 93 m. E. by S. 
Columbus. 

Lewisville, p. v., Henry CO., Tnd. : on the E. side of Flat 
Eock cr., 89 m. E. Indianapolis. The Indiana Central K. K. 
passes near it. 

Lewisville, p. o., Chester dist., S. Car. : near Fishing 
cr., 4S m. N. by E. Columbia. 

Lewisville, sta., Orangeburg dial., S. Cm: : on the Co- 
lombia Branch E. K., 8T m. from Columbia. 

Lewisville, p. o., Brunswick co., y'iiy. : 62 m. S. by W. 
Eichmond. 

Lewtsville, p. v., Chester co., Penn. ; 02 m. E. S. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Lexlsgtos district, iS. Car. Situate W. centrally, and 
contains SSI sq. m. Drained by N. Edisto r., its S. W. 
boundary ; Saluda r. and its branches in the N., and Broad 
r., which, uniting with the Saluda, takes the name of Conga- 
ree r., and forms the N. E. boundary, and has small afflu- 
ents, which drain the central and E. portions. Surface di- 
yersitled, with moderate swells, and a few considerable 
elevations. Soil generally of good quality, producing cotton, 
com. wheat, and potatoes largely, and furnishing pasture 
for large numbers of cattle. Some of the low lands grow 
good rice in small quantities. It has much water-power 
along its rivers, a pari of which is profitably employed in 
manufactures. Farms S37 ; manuf 40; dwell. 1,312, and 
pop.— wh. 7,352, £r. col. 21, si. 5,55T— total 13,930. Capital ; 
Lexington. 

Lexington, p. o., Lauderdale co., Ala. .- about S m. E. 
Blue Water creek of the Tennessee, 1S4 miles N. by W. 
Montgomery. 

Lexington, p. v., and cap. Oglethorpe co., Ga. : 59 m. N. 
MiUedgeville. It contains a court-house, jail, a well-endowed 
academy, a puWic Ubrary, 30 stores, and 300 inliabilanls. 
The Athens br-inch of Georgia E. E. passes a litUo W. of 
the v., 17 m. from Athens. 

Lexington, p. v., M-Lean co., III. : about 2 m. N. of 
Mackinau cr., 74 m. N. E. Springfleld. 

Lexington, p. v., and cap. Scott co., /«(?. : 81 m. S. S. E. 
Indianapolis. It is connected with Madison by a plank- 
load, and contains a court-house and COO inhabitants. 

Lexington, p. city, and cap. Fayette co,, Ay..- on Town 
branch of Elkhom r., 24 m. E. S. E. Frankfort. Lat. 80° 0' 
N., and long. 84° IS' W., and by railroad disLint from Louis- 
ville 65 m., from Covington 90 m., from MaysviUe 75 m., 
from DanvUle 8S m., from Nashville 187 m., from Savannah 
716 m., from Charleston 732 m., and from Mobile 975 m. 
It is one of the oldest cities of Kentucky, and was formerly 
capital of the State. The city occupies a square of 2 in., and 
is laid out in wide, rectangular streets, the main street being 
80 feet wide, and containing many elegant buildings. There 
is a square in the centre of the city, upon which is the mark- 
et-house. The public edifices are generally of bri.'k, an<l 
substantially buUt, as are also many of the stores aud rhvell- 
ings. The pubUo buildings are the court-house, jail, and 
several literary and benevolent Institutions, etc. Transyl- 
vania University is the oldest college in the State, having 
been estabhshcd in 1708 ; it has departments of law aud 
medicine, and every department is in a flourishing condi- 
tion. The University Hall and Medical College are Une 
buUdings. The State Lunatic Asylum is also located here, 
and is a noble instimtion. Lexington has sevcr.al manufac- 
tories and largo tobacco warehouses, and ils trade with the 
876 



LEX ^^ 

interior is extensive. It is the head-quarters of the Northcra 
Bank of Kentucky, and there is also a branch of the Bank 
of Kentucky. The newspapers published here are the 
" Kentucky Statesman" (dem.) and the " Observer and Ee- 
porler" (whig), both semi-weekly issues, and the "Locomo- 
tive" (neutral), a daily pai>er. The railroads diverging from 
Lexington are the Louisville and Lexington 11. U., the 
Frankfort and Lexington E. E., the Covington and Lexing- 
ton R. E., the MaysviUe and Lexington E. P.., the Lexington 
and Danville E. E., etc. There are also several turnpikes 
diverging from the city. About li m. 8. E. of the City is 
Ashland, the seat of the late lamented statesman, lion. Henry 
Clay, and there are many others in the vicinity which give 
tone and character to the counlrj-. Lexington was settled 
about 1779; incorporated by the Virginia Legislature in 
1782, and was chartered as a city in 1831. 

Lexington, t. and p. o., Somerset co.. Me. ; 51 m. N. N. W. 
Augusta. It has several ponds flowing into Seven Mile 
branch of Kennebec r., and affording fine mill-seals. Sur- 
face uneven ; soil fertile. Timber forma the chief source of 
wealth. Pop. 633. 

Lexington, t. and p. v., Middlesex Co., Mass. : 10 m. 
N. W. Boston. Drained by branches of Shawshcen r. 
Surface pleasantly varied, with many hills and extensive 
meadows; soil of medium quality, rendered highly pro- 
ductive by skillful cultivation. It is principally a farming 
t., with excellent gardens and orchards, but manufactures 
boots and shoes, cabinet-ware, farming and mechanical im- 
plements, carriages, etc. The v. contains an academy and 
about 75 houses and stores, neatly arranged around a pleas- 
ant green. Here was fought, on the 191h of April, 1775, the 
first action of the American Eevolution. A tasteful monu- 
ment, creeled by the State, marks the spot and commemo- 
rates the valor of the first victims. The v. is 11 m. from 
Boston, on the Lexington and West Cambridge Branch of 
the Fitchburg E. E. Pop. of t. 1,S94 

Lexington, t. and p. v., St. Clair county, Jl^cli, : 105 m. 
E. N. E. Lansing. Black r. crosses the W. part and Lake 
Huron hes on the E. It is well timbered, and lumbering 
is the chief business. Pop. 1,176. 

Lexington, p. v., and cap. Holmes eo.. Miss. : on Black 
cr. of the Tazoo, 64 m. N. by E. Jackson. It conipri.ses a 
court-house, jaU, several hotels, stores, and small manufac- 
factories, and a pop. of 600. Two weeklies are published, 
the " L. Advertiser" (whig), and " Equal Eights" (dem.) 

Lexisoton, p. T., and cap. Lafayette CO., Mo. : about 1 m. 
S. of the Missouri, 98 m. W. N. W. .Jefferson City. It con- 
tains a court-house and jail, an acade.ny, a bank, several 
large stores, and 600 inhabilanls. Two newspapers are 
published, the "L. Weekly Journal" and the "Western 
Missouri Express." 

Lexington, t and p. v., Greene co., K r. .• 45 m. S. W. 
Albany. Drained by Schoharie cr., on which are many 
saw-raiUs. Surface much broken by the Catskill Mountains ; 
soil generally good. Timber is abundant, and tanning ex- 
tensively carried on. Pop. 2,208. Uallcott is a new town, 
set off from Lexington in 1851. 

Lexington, p. v., and cap. Davidson co., K Car. : about 
1 m. W. of Abbot's cr. of the Yadkin, 97 m. W. by N. 
Ealeigh. It contains the county buildings and several stores, 
and is on the line of the North Carolina Central E. E. 

Lexington, p. v., Eichland eo., 0/iio : on Clear fork of 
Mohiccan cr., which has a good faU here, 51 m. N. by E. 
Columbus. It contains several stores and mills, and 500 in- 
habitants. The Sandusky, Mansfield, and Newark P.. E. 
passes through it 9 m. from Mansfield. 

Lexington C. H., p. v., and cap. Lexington disl., S. Car. : 
on a branch of Saluda r., 12 m. W. Columbia. It contains 
a court-house, jail, an academy, several line stores, aud 800 
inhabitants. A Lutheran Theological Seminary was foimd- 
ed here in 1S85, and in 1850 had 2 instructors, 10 students, 
20 alumni, and a library of 2,000 volumes. 
Lexington, p. v., aud cap. Henderson co., Tcnn. : at tho 



LEX 



LIB 



head of Beech r., 93 m. W. S. VT. Nashville. Great num- 
bers of hogs are fatted in Ihe vicinity of the v., which con- 
tains a court-houso, jail, an academy, scTcral railla and 
stores, and SOO inhabitants. 

Lexington, p. v., and cap. Eockbridge co., Vtr(/.: on 
the W. side of North r., 107 m. W. by N. rachinorid. It 
lies on a high banlcof the river, and contains a cnurt-house, 
jail, an academy, a female seminar)', 15 slurt-a, and 1,500 
inhabitants. Washington College was fminded here in 
li9S, and liberally en<lowed by George Washington. In 
1S50 it had G instructors, 600 alumni, 42 of whom were min- 
isters, 50 students, and a library of 5,000 volumes. Tlie 
Virginia Military Institute, motlcled after that at West 
Point, was lueated here in 1SS9, and in 1-50 had (5 instruct- 
ors. lo7 alumni, 1'20 students, and 2,000 vnlumes in its li- 
brary. The " L. Gazette" (wliig), and " Valley i^tar" (deiu.), 
are published weekly. 

Lexi>-gton, p. v., Clatsop co., Orfg. T<^r. : on the W. or 
left bank of Willamette r., 49 m. N. by E. Salem. 

Letden. t. and p. v., Franklin co.. J/i/j?s. ; M m. W. X.W. 
Boston. Drained by Green r., a brancli of Deerfleld r., on 
which are fine mill-sites. Surface mountainous, and soil 
adapted to grazing. Large numbers of slieep and good 
dairies arc kept. On Green r. is a narrow ravine, inclosed 
by high rocks, called the " Glen," or *' Ghor," which attracts 
many visitors by ila wildness and beauty. Pop. of t. T16. 

Letpen, p. v., Cook county, III. : 17D m. N. N. E. 
Springfield. 

Leyden, t. and p. o., Lewis co., X Y. : 104 m. N. W. by W. 
Albany. Drained by branches of Black r., whi(di forms its 
E. line, and falls 63 feet before leaving the town. Surface 
hilly, and soil a fertile sandy loam. A large farming town. 
The Black FLiver Canal passes down the river to the falls. 
Pop. 2.253. 

Levdes, p. 0., Kock CO., TTTsc. ; S. E. Madison. 

Liberty county, Ga. Situate 8. E. on the Atlantic, and 
contains 709 sq. m. Drained N. E. by Little Cannowchee r. 
and Taylor's cr., E. by Newport and Miclway rivers, and 
"W. by Beard's and Doctor's creeks and Altamaha r. Sur- 
face level, and in parts low and marshy ; soil mostly of 
great fertility near the water-courses, with poorer land at 
a distance from the shore. Cotton is the staple, St. Cath- 
arine's Island forms a part of the county, ancl raises sea- 
island cotton of a superior quality. Corn and potatoes 
produce largely, and the marshes on the coast and some of 
the creeks raise much excellent rice. Cattle are reared in 
large numbers, though the grains do not succeed. It has 
Taluable forests of pine, hickory, and live oak. Farms 244 ; 
manuf. 4; dwell. SCO, and pop.— wh. 2,002, fr. col. 16, si. 
5,90S— total 7,926. CapiUil: Ilinesville. 

LiBEETY county, Tex, Situate S. in E. part, and contains 
2,T46 sq. m. Trinity r. flows S. through the middle ; on the 
N. E. is Big Sandy cr., and farther S. Pin Island bayou, 
both affluents of the Neches; S. E. are Oyster and East 
Bay bayoux, flowing into East Bay ; and W. it ia drained 
by E. fork of San Jacinto r. and Cedar bayou, flowing into 
Galveston Bay, which, with the Gulf of Mexico, forms its 
B. boundary. Surface level, with scarcely a noticeable hill; 
soil of various fertility— in the S. a thin, l)lack mold, resting 
on sand and shells ; in the N. the mold is deeper, and fre- 
quently has a substratum of yellow loam ; on the Trinity is 
rich bottom land, often overflowed, and exceedingly pro- 
ductive. The S. is a grassy plain destitute of trees, and 
adapted to grazing. The N. is prairie, with lines of wood 
on the streams, and is excellent cotton land. The Trinity 
is a large stream, about SO yards wide and 10 fi'pt deep, and 
navigated by steamers through the county and a consider- 
able distance N. of it. Farms 149; manuf. 1; dwell. 312, 
and pop.— wh. 1,628, fr. col. 7, si. S92— total 2,522. CapiUtl: 
Liberty. 

Liberty, p. v., Adams co., III. : 76 m. W. Springfield. 

LiRERTY, p. o., Jackson county, Aki. : 1C5 m. N. by E. 
Montgomery. 

Z2 



Liberty, p. v., and cap. Union co., Ind. : f>2 ni. E. by 8- 
Indianapolis. It contains a court-house, jail, academy, and 
700 inhabitants. 

Lidebty, p. v., and cap, Casey co., JTi/.: on Greene r., 
here a small stream, 59 m. S, Frankfort. It contains a 
court-house and jail, several stores, and 200 inhal)itauts. 

Liberty, t. and p. o., Waldo co., Jfe. : 22 m. E. Augusta. 
SL George's r. rises from a large pond in the N., and 
Muscongus r. flows from the S. part. Surface uneven, and 
soil adapted to grass. Pop. 1.116. 

Liberty, t. and p. o., Jackson co., J/Tt'//. .• 42 m. S. by E. 
Lansing. Surface undulating, and soil productive of all the 
grains and grasses. Pop. S91. 

Libektv, p. v., and cap. Amit6 co., J//*9. ; on a brancli 
of Amit§ r., &2 m. S. S. W. Jaelisou. It contains a court- 
house and jail, and 201) inhabitants. 

Liberty, p. v., and cap. Clay co.. Mo. : about 3 m. N. of 
the Missouri, 134 ni. W. N. W. Jeflerson City. It has a con- 
venient landing on the Missouri, and carries on an extensive 
trade with the back region. It contains a covirt-liouse and 
jail, 3 academies, several large stores, and SOO iniiabilants. 

Liberty, t. and p. o., Sullivan co., jV. Y. : 78 m. S. W. 
Albany. Surface elevated and hilly, giving rise to Collikoon 
and Mongaup creeks of the Delaware, on which are nu- 
merous saw-mills ; soil gravelly loam. Lumber is a large 
export. Pop. 3.612. 

Liberty, p. v., Montgomery co., OJiio : 71 m. W. by B. 
Columbus, 

Liberty, t and p. o., Tioga co., Penn. : 92 m. K by W. 
Harrisburg. Drained by branches of Pine and Lycoming 
creeks, which turn many saw-mills. Surface n^igh, and 
grazing is the chief business. Iron and coal are found. 

Liberty, p. v., De Kalb county, Term.: on a Iiranch of 
Caney fork of Cumberland r., 44 m. E. by S. NashviUe. 

Liberty, p. v., and cap. Bedford co. Virff. : on a branch 
of Otter r., 11*2 m. W. by S. Bichmond. It contains a court- 
house and jail, several stores and small manufactories, and 
500 inhabitants. It is on the Virginia and Tennessee R. P., 
25 m. from Lynchburg. 

LinERTY, sta.. Alleghany co., Pertji.: on W. division of 
Pennsylvania R. R., 5 ra. from Pittsburg. 

Liberty, p. v., and cap. Liberty co., Te^, : on the lefi 
bank of Trinity r.. about 30 m. from its mouth, 174 m. 
E. by S. Austin City. It has a good landing, and steam- 
boats touch here on their way from the interior to Galveston, 
which is 70 m. S. of it. The vicinity produces fine cotton. 
The v. contains a oourt-house and 200 inhabitants. 

Liberty, p. o., Racine co., Wise. : 74 m. E. S. E. Madison. 

Liberty, p. o., Washita CO., ArJc. : 91 m. S. by W. Little 
Rock. 

Liberty Corner, p. o., Somerset co., X. J. : about 1 m. 
from Dead River, a branch of the Passaic, 30 m. N. by E. 
Trenton. 

Liberty Corners, p. o., Crawford co., OMo: 63 ra. N. 
Columbus. 

Liberty Fali^, p. v., Sullivan co., X, Y. : SI m. S. W. 
Albany. 

Liberty Hall, p. o., Warren co., Ohio: 72 m. W. S. W. 
Columbus. 

Liberty Hall, p. o., Newberry dist., S. Cur. : 46 m. N. W. 
Columl>ia. 

Liberty Hall, p. o., Washington co., Virg.: 246 m. 
TV. S. W. Eichmontt. 

Liberty Hill, p. o., Dallas county, Ahi.: CI m. "W. 
Montgomery. 

Liberty Hill, p. v., New London co., Cojui.: in the N", 
part of Lebanon, 32 m. E. by S. Harttbrd. 

liLBERTV Hill, p. c, Piko co., Ga. : 56 m, W. by N". 
MiUedgeville. 

Liberty Hill, p. o., Iredell co., K.C<v\: near South Tad- 
kin r., 1G5 m. W. Raleigh. 

Liberty Hill, p. o., Kershaw dist., S. Car. : 33 m. N. by E. 
Columbia. 

377 



LIB 



LIG 



LiBEr.TY IIiix, p. 0., Li Fayette Co., Miu. : 135 m. K. N. E. 
Jackson. 

LiBEp.TV Mills, p. v., 'Wabasli CO., Tnd. : on Eel r., 83 m. 
N. by E. Indianupolis. 

LiBEBTV Mills, p. o., Orango Co., Vlrg. : 51 m. N. "W. 
Eiehinonil. 

LuiEUTY Sqttake, p. 0., Lancaster Co., Penn.: E. S. E. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Lir.EK-rY Town, p. v., Frederick co., Md. : 2 m. N. of 
Linganore cr., 25 m, N. W. AnnapoUs. 

LiBEP.TYVTLLE, p. V., Lalcc CO., Hi. .' on the "W. side of Dcs 
riaines r., 194 m. N. N. E. Springfield. 

LiBERTvviLLE, p. V., JcCFersoa CO., la. : 53 m. S. S. TV. 
Iowa City. 

LiBERTYTiLLE, p. T., Susscx CO., J^. Jer. .' about 3 m E. of 
Blue Mountain, 54 m. N. Trenton. 

LIBERTVVILLE, p. V., Ulster co., JV! 3' .• on the "Wall Kill r., 
Go m. S. by W. Albany. It contains a hotel and several mills. 

LiBRAEY, p. 0., Alleghany CO., Penn. : 163 m. W. by N. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Lick Bkanch, p. 0., Parke county, Iiid. : 54 m. TV. 
Indianapolis. 

Lick Ceeek, p. v., Sangamon co., PI. ; on a branch of 
Sugar cr. so called, 11 m. S. S. W. Springfield. 

Lick Creek, p. o.. Kails co., Mo. : on a branch of Salt r. 
so called, 61 m. N. by E. Jefferson City. 

Lick Creek, p. v.. Van Buren co., fa. : near the branch 
of Des Moines r. so called, 59 m. S. S. "W. Iowa City. 

Lick Creek, p. o., Hickman CO., Tenn. : on a branch of 
Duck r. so called, 32 m. S. W. Nashville. 

Lickb, p. o., Fannin co., Tex. : 269 m. N. N. E. Austin City. 



Lick Fork, p. o., Daviess county. Mo. : on a branch of 
Grand r., 136 m. N. W. Jefferson City. 

LicKiKO county, Ohio. Situate centrally, and contains 
63S sq. in. Drained by Licking r. and its branches, llocky 
fork. North fork. Raccoon cr., and South fork, which furnish 
abundance of excellent water-power. Surface elevated and 
rolling, or nearly level ; soil highly productive, and under 
thorough cultivation. It is an excellent farming, and superior 
grazing co. Wheat and com are raised in great quantities. 
Buckwheat grows easily, and tobacco is a profitable crop, 
and receiving increased attention. The dairies arc very fine, 
and cattle and sheep are kept in large numbers. Live stock, 
beef, and especially wool and pork, are leading exports. 
Most of its water-power is occupied by extensive and 
various manufactories, in which a large capital is invested. 
Iron-ware is made, and iron ore is abundant. Farms 3,313 ; 
manuf 3-32 ; dwell. 6,639, and pop.— wh. 38,731, fr. col. US- 
total 33,346. Capital: Newark. Public Wnrls : Ohio 
Canal ; Ohio Central R. R. ; Columbus and Lake Erie R. K 

LiCKisa, p. o., Texas co., Mo. : 122 m. 8. by E. Jefferson 
City. 

Licking river, I^ij. : a tributary of the Ohio. It rises In 
Floyd CO., and has a course of about 100 m., reaching lt3 
confluence at Newport, opposite Cincinnati. It is navigable 
for 70 miles. 

Licking river, Ohio: a large W. branch of the Mus- 
kingum, formed by the union of three principal branches 
at Newark. It furnishes extensive water-power, particularly 
by a dam at it3 mouth. 

Lickville, p. o., Greenville district, S. Car. : 73 miles 
N. W. by W. Columbia. 



LIGHT-HOUSES OP THE UNITED STATES. 
(Names in lUilic.^ are " Floating Lights.") 



Geograpliical Position. 



Astronora. Position. 



Latitude. Long'ude. 
d. in. 



Character 

of 

Light. 



feet 



Portland Maiiu- 

Seguin 

Whitehead 

Franklin Ishand 

Wood Island 

West Quoddy Head 

Petit Manan 

Ponti Island 

Burnt Island 

Libby Island 

Monhegan 

Owl's Head 

Moose Peak 

Matinicus Rock 

Pemaqulil Point 

Baker's Island 

Cape Eli2.abeth 

Dice's Head 

Hendrick's Head 

Mount Desert Rock 

Brown's Head 

Marshall's Point 

Goat Island 

Negro Island 

Fort PoinI 

Boon Lsland 

Eagle Island Point 

Nashe's Island 

Bear Island 

Saddleback Ledge 

Little River 

Prospect Harbor 

Griudel's Point 

S78 



Portland Head, off P. Harbor, S. side '43 .39 

t.)n 9. Island, off mouth of Kennebec River 43 41 

On W. Island, S. W. of W. entrance to Penob. Bay 43 57 
On N. end of F. Isl., and W. of ent. to St. George's B. 43 52 

On W. Island, near entrance to Saco Harbor 43 27 

OnW. Q. U., near Easlport,& S. side enL toW. Q. Bay 44 49 

On S. end of P. M. Island 44 22 

On P. Island, W. side of entrance to Kennebec River 43 45 
On B. Isl., W. side of Townsend Harb., Lincoln co. — 

On L. Island, entrance of Machias Bay 44 34 

On M. Island, Lincoln co. (red and white) 43 44 

Off Thomaston IIarb.,W. side W. ent. of Penob. Bay 44 03 
On Mistake Isl., S. W. of W. ent. to Bay of Fundy 44 23 

On M. Bock, off Penobscot Bay 43 46 

On P. Point, S. W. of entrance to Bristol Bay, etc. 43 43 
OnB.Is.,offMl.Dcsert,&S.ofent.toFrenchn'sBay 44 13 

On C. E., S. S. E. of PorU,and (two lights) 43 83 

On D. Head, near Castine 44 28 

On II. Head, mouth of Sheepscot River, E. side ... 43 47 
On M. D. Rock, about 20 m. S. S. E. Mt. Desert Isl. 43 68 
t>n S. Fox Isl.. E. side W. entrance to Penobscot Bay 44 05 

On -M. Point, Lincoln CO 43 53 

.\t mouth of Cape Porpoise Harbor, N. side 43 21 

S. side of entr. to Camden Harbor, Penobscot Bay 44 11 
On Old P. P., above Castine — ent Prospect Harbor — 

On B. Island, off York Harbor 43 03 

On E. I.S.. head of 1. au HautBay,N. E.enf.loP.Bay 44 24 

Off mouth of Pleasant River, E. side 44 27 

On B. I., one of the Cranlierry I., 5 ra.N.W. Baker's I. 44 16 
Near S. W. end of I. au Haul, E. side of enL to B.ay 43 59 
On an island at the mouth of L. E. Harbor, in Cutler 

On Goat Island, in P. Harbor 

At GUkey's Harbor, in Penobscot Bay 



00 70 17 00 
36:69 44 00 
00 69 04 00 



69 19 00 

70 IS 30 

66 59 00 

67 49 00 
69 46 00 



6T 22 00 
69 18 00 
69 00 00 
31 09 
24J63 49 00 
00 69 29 30 
20 GS 08 00 
36 70 11 .36 
12 6S 49 30 



69 39 00 
63 00 30 
63 46 00 
09 13 00 

70 25 00 
63 59 00 



00 70 29 00 
00 68 46 00 
00 67 43 00 
00 63 12 00 
00 OS 86 30 



Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Revol'g 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Revol'g 
Fixed 
Revol'g 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
P.&R. 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixod ' 



SO 
166 

53 

50 

63 

90 

63 

52 

66} 

60 
170 
117 

53} 

S2i 

64 

69} 
140 
116 

89 

56} 

SO 

30 

33 

50 

90 

TO 
100 

4T 

95 

62 



LIGHT-HOUSES. 



Geographical Position. 



Bcaiichamp Point Jf.nneOn Indian Isl.-cnlranoe lo CamJen Harbor. . 

PorU>moulh(orNe««a3tl<;).V./r<»«i).'s. W. side of inner entrance to Portsmouth Harbor 



Liiulutl*-. Long'ude 
d. rn. e. fl- m- 



"Sriiile Island {ml andwhite) 

■W bale's Bacli (2 lights) " 

Boston .^''"S- 

Tliatcber's Island ('2 lights). . " 

EakL-r's Island (2 lights) " 

Plumb Islan.l t2 lights) " 

Cape Cod (Ilijblands) " 

Plymouth (2 lights) " 

Wigwam Point " 

Bcituate (2 lights) " 

Eaoe Point " 

Long Island Head " 

Ton Pound Island " 

Billingsgate Island " 

Sandy Neck " 

Long Point " 

G louccster Point " 

Strailsmouth Haven " 

MarbleHcad " 

Ipswich (2 lights) " 

GayHead " 

Clark's Point " 

Cutterbunk liilanJ " 

Nautu«^ket " 

Kantucket Beacon " 

Nantucket Harbor Light .... " 

Cape Poge " 

Cbalham (2 lights) " 

Point Gammon " 

Holmes's Hole " 

Tarpaulin Cove " 

Birdlsland " 

Monomoy Point " 

Kobsque Point " 

Dumpling Bock " 

Edgartown " 

Ned's Point " 

Natlset Beach (3 beacons) ... " 

Mayo'3 Beach (Wellfleel).... " 

Nantucket Cliff (2 beacom).. " 

SankalyHead " 

Hyannis " 

Wing's Neck " 

Palmer's Island " 

Minol's Rock " 

Parmet Harbor (2 lightsl .... " 

Brandywine Rhoal (129 tons) " 

Tiickenntck. Shoal " 

Ybi^yfird Sound " 

Pollock's Itip " 

Newport R.M. 

■WatchlliU " 

Point .ludith '■ 

Goat Island " 

Dutch Island " 

Warwick Neck " 

N.ayat Point " 

Block Island (2 lights) " 

Poplar Point " 

.Tuniper Island F-n». 

NewLon<lon Conn. 

Faulkner's Island " 

Lynde Point " 

Slonington " 

Morgan's Point " 

Fiv Mile Point " 

glxalford Point " 




48 03 80 
On W. Isl., the S. W. island of the Isles of Shoals 42 58 00 
N. and E. side of outer enl, to Porlmouth Harbor. . 43 03 nil 

N. side main outer entrance to Boston Harbor 42 19 41 

On T. islan.l, about 2 m. off Cape Ann 42 38 21 

On B. island, 8. side of N. E. ent. to Salem Harbor 42 82 12 
On P. island, S. side of entrance to Newburyport. . 42 4S 29 

Outside of Cape Cod— Truro 42 02 2.3 

On Gurnet Point, N. side of cnt. to Plymouth Harb. 42 00 12 
On. W. Point, E. side entrance to Squam Harbor. . 42 39 43 
On Cedar Point, N. side of ent. to Seiluate Harbor 42 12 IT 

On E. Point, N. W. point of Cape Cod 42 03 4-1 

On N. end of Long I.,andS. side inner ship entrance 42 19 4S 
On Ten P. Isl., in Cape Anne or Gloucester Harbor 42 S5 10 

On B. Island, W. side entrance to Wellfleet 41 51 3' 

W. side of entrance to Barnstable Harbor 41 *) 21 

On L. P. Sh'l, ins. C. Cod, & W. side of ent. to P.IIar. 42 01 SO 

On G. Point, E. side of entrance to G. H.arbor 42 .34 49 

On S. Island, N. side of Cape Ann 42 .39 41 

v.. entrance of M. Harbor, S. E. side 42 32 03 

On Patche's Beach, S. side entrance to I. Harbor. . 42 41 OS 

On Gay head, W. point of Martha's Vineyard 41 20 51 

On C. Pl.,W.side entrance to New Bedford Harbor 41 35 84 
OnS.W.pointC.Isl.,S. of W. ent. to Buzzard's Bay 41 24 62 
On Great or Sandy Point, the N. point of N. Island 41 23 24 

On Brant Point, Nantucket Harbor 41 17 24 

Nantucket Harbor, S. side 41 16 00 

N. E. Point, Martha's Vineyard 41 25 Is 

Cbalham Harbor, inside 41 40 111 

On S. side of Cape Cod, inside of enl. Hyannis Har. 41 86 35 

On W. chop of Holmes's Hole Harbor 41 28 5' 

\V. side Tarpaulin Cove, Vineyard Sound 41 28 0' 

OnB. IsL.inBuz. Bay.E. sideofent. toSippic'nHar. 41 45 09 

OnSandy Point, S. extremity of Cape Cod 41 33 35 

On N. point of Vineyard Sound 41 30 57 

P.uz.Bay.S. S.W., N.Bedford, & of Clark's PL Light 41 32 1' 

At entrance to E. Harbor, Martha's Vineyard 41 23 2' 

Near Matlapoissett, E. New Bedford 41 41 01 

E. side Cape Cod 41 SI 411 

llartor Light, inside C. Cod, head of WeUfleet Bay 42 55 00 

In Nantucket Harbor— 2 harbor beacons 

On S. head, S. E. end of Nant. Isl. (flashes 1} & 3 m.) 

.\t entrance H. Harbor, Barnstable co 

On Wing's Neck. Sandwich, in Buzzard's Bay 

On N. 'E. eml of P. Island, in New Bedford Harbor 

On Cohasset Rocks, 9 m. S. E. i E. Boston 

On N. side of P. Harbor, S. end of Tower of Truro . 

(Two lamps, 12 cylindric wicks each) 

I In Cross Rip, N.W. of Nantucket (1 lamp & 8 wicksl 
\ear " Sow and Pigs" Rocks (2 lamp.s, 9 wicks ca.) . 

I Iff Chatham (1 lamp and 9 wicks) 

On Beaver Tail, S. point of Canonicut Island 

( In W. Point, S. E. of Stonington, about 2 m 

I In S E. point of Narragansett Shore 

( In N. end of Goat Island, Newport Harbor 

I In S. end of Dutch Island 

On S. end of Warwick Neck (bay light) 

On N. Point, Providence River (bay lighO 

On N. cnil of Block Island 

Wiekford, North Kingston (bay light) 

On .1. Isl.. L. Cbamplain, S. side ent. to Burlington 

W. side of entrance to River Thames 

On Faulkner's Island, off Guilford Harbor 

Mouth of the Connecticut River, W. siile 

On point E. side entrance to Stonington Harbor. . . 
On N. side of Fisher's Island Sound, near Mystic. . 

Entrance to New Haven H.arbor, E. side 

At entrance of Stratford Harbor 



TO 43 00 
70 ST 30 
41 00 
53 43 
84 48 
70 47 2S 
49 06 
03 5.' 
70 36 21 
41 12 
43 IS I 
15 53 
57 41 
70 411 00 
04 32 
70 IT 09 
TO 10 50 
70 40 10 
70 85 36 
70 50 05 
70 46 1 
TO 50 26 
TO 54 21 
TO 5T IT 
'0 03 01 
TO 05 61 
70 06 00 
2T 19 
69 5T 12 
TO 16 16 
TO 36 2T 
TO 45 45 
TO 43 21 
69 .59 56 
TO 89 3' 
TO 65 36 
TO 30 29 
T6 02 00 
09 6T 21 
TO 02 00 



41 16 58 
41 38 00 



42 IG OS 



69 68 16 

TO 18 DO 



45 65 



Fixed 

Fixed 
Revol'g 

Fixed 
Revol'g 

Fixed 

Fixed 

Fixed 

Fixed 

Fixed 

Fixed 

Fixed 

Revol'g 

Fixed 

Fixed 

Fixed 

Fixed 

Fixed 

Fi.xed 

Fixed 

Fixed 

F.&E. 

Revol'g 
Fixeil 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Revol'g 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Revol'g 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Revol'g 
F. &E. 



90 

87 

63 

90 

90 

SIJ 

54 
ISO 

90 

50 

40 
82 
SO 
45 
40 
41) 
85 
5T 
40 
40 
40 

172 
62 
48* 
70 
40 

55 
TO 
TO 
60 
80 
31 
33 
80 
43 
50 

90 
80 
150 



41 26 30 Tl 24 24 Fixed 
41 18 09 Tl 62 03 Revol'g 
41 21 35 Tl 29 26 Revol'g 
41 30 00 71 19 50 Fixed 
41 29 .50 71 26 00 Fixed 
41 34 00 Tl 29 00 Fixed 
41 44 00 Tl 22 00 Fixed 
41 13 24 Tl 83 04 Fixed 
41 85 00 Tl 26 40 Fixed 
44 2T 00 T3 18 00 Fixed 
41 13 55!t3 05 60 Fixed 
41 12 8S 72 89 46 Fixed 
41 16 ISjTa 20 59 Fixed 
41 19 M Tl 54 52 Fixed 
41 18 .Mil 59 64 Fixed 
41 14 •'>2|72 64 4T| Fixed 
41 09 021t3 00 46. Revol'g [ 44 
379 



3S 
5S 

95 
111 
93 
74 
62 

85 



LIGHT-HOUSES. 



Geographical Position, 



AstroROm. Posilion. 



Latitude. Loag'uJe 
il. m. s. d. m. B. 



Cliaracti 

Cif 

Light. 



feet. 
Tl 
40 
62 

45 

lU 
54 

6Ti 
89} 



Fnirwcnlhcr Island Conn. 

Norwalk Island " 

Great Captain's Island " 

Nortli Damplin " 

Bai-tleWH Reef (US Inns) .... " 

Eel Grass Shoal (41 tons) ... " 

Eaton's Neck 2^. T. 

Execution Eoebs " 

Sanii's Point " 

Old Field Point " 

Fire Island Inlet " 

Throgg's Neck " 

Stony Point " 

FortTorapkitis " 

Co.xsackie " 

FourMilePoint " 

Saugerlies " 

Stuyvesant " 

Eondout Creek " 

Montauk " 

Little Gidl Island " 

Plumb Island " 

Buffalo (on pier) " 

Portland Harbor " 

Dunkirk " 

Galloo Island " 

Oswego Beacon *' 

Cattaraugus Beacon " 

Dunkirk Beacon " 

Genesee (tejnp, beacon) " 

Sodus Bay and Beacon " 

Tibbctt's Point " 

Horse Island " 

Niagara Fort " 

Stony Point " 

Ogdensl>urg " 

Prince's Bay " 

E.sopus Meadows " 

r.obbin's Eeef. " 

Cedar Island " 

Silver Creek " 

Salmon River " 

Eock Island Beacon " 

Sunken Rock Bencon " 

Conover Island Beacon " 

Cumberland Head " 

Split Eoek " 

Stratford Point (100 tons) . . " 

Sandy Hook (iHO tnas) " 

Sandy Hook (light and 2 b'ns)jy: Jer. 

Highl'dsofNcv'sink (-3 lights) " 

Barnegat Shoals " 

Cape May " 

Egg Island (gas) " 

Cohanzey Creek (gas) " 

Tucker's Beach (red shades) " 

BcrgenPoint " 

Maurice River " 

Passaic Kiver " 

Presque Island Penn, 

" " Beacon " 

Fort Mifflin " 

Brandy wine Shoal " 

Cape Hcnlopen Z>el. 

Cape Hcnlopen Beacon " 

Bombay Hook " 

Mahon's Dl'^h " 

Mispillion Creek " 

Christiana River (gas) " 

3S0 



Entrance to Black Rock Harbor, Fairfield . . 

At entrance of Norwalk River 

On G. C. Island, near Greenwich Pi., Fairfield co. 
On North Duniplin Island, in Fisher's Island Sound 

Off New London (1 lamp, 9 wicks) 

On Eel Grass Shoal (1 lamp, 12 wicks) 

On E. side of Huntington Baj'i Long Island . 

Off Sand's Point, Long Island Sound 

On Sand's Point, E. entrance to Cow Bay... 
On O. F. Point, N. side L. Isl., opposite Strat. Light 
On E. side of F. Island Inlet, S. side of Long Island 
On S. E. point of Throgg's Neck, E. of Hell Gate 
On W. side of Hudson River, below West Point. 

On Staten Island, W. sido of Narrows 

On the W. side of Hudson River, near Coxsackic 
At F. M. Point, 4 m. from Hudson, W. side of river 

At mouth of Saugertics Creek 

.Near Stuyvesant, on E. side of Hudson River 
Oppos. mouth of R. Cr. and enU Del. & Hud. Canal 

E. end of Long Island 

On L. G. I., near N. E. end of L. I. S., 8. side of m. ent. 
Near N. E. end of L. I. S'd, and N. of G ardiner's Bay 
At junction of Buffalo Creek and Lake Erie 

At Portland, S. E. shore of Lake Erie 

At Dunkirk, 8. E. shore of Lake Erie 

On W. point of G. IsLand, E. part of Lake Ontario 

(-)n end of "W. pier, at entrance of O. Harbor 

< >n pier, Cattaraugus Creek, Lake Erie 

Dunkirk Harbor, Lake Erie 

Entrance to port of Genesee, Lake Ontario 

W. side entrance to Sodus Bay, Lake Ontario 

S. E. side of 8. entrance to St. Lawrence River . . . 
On W. end of II. Isl., and W. of Sackett's Harbor. 
.\t junction of Niagara R. and Lake Erie, E. side. 

On Stony Point, E. end of Lake Ontario 

On St. Lawrence River, mouth of Oswegatchic R.. 

On Staten Island, near S. E. end 

Opposite Esopus, W. side of Hudson River 

Off the N. end of Staten Isl., S. W. part of N. T. Bay 

Near N. end of Long Island, in Sag Harbor 

Entrance to Silver Creek Harbor, on Lake Eric . . . 

N. side of entrance to Port Ontario 

On R. L, one of the Thousand Isles, St Lawr'nce R. 
On S. E., or Rush I. (1,000 isles) St Lawrence R... 

On C. I (Thousand Isles), St Lawrence River 

Near Plattsburg, on Lake Champlain 

Near Es.sex, on Lake Champlain 

Off St Pt., on middle ground, L. I. Sound (2 lights). 
T m. outside 8. Hook, in 15 fathom water (2 lights). 
S. of ent to N. T. liar, (main light and 2 beacons) 

On H. of N. to S. of Sandy Hook lights . . . , 

S. side of B. Inlet and N. end of Long Beach 

S. AV. point of C. M. and N. of entrance to Del. Bay 
Del. Bay, N. side, nearly N. N. W. of Cape May.. 
W. side Cohangy Creek and N. side Delaware Bay 

Near Medway, between Old and New Inlets 

On a block at the end of a reef of rocks of B. point 
On the bank of M. R. Cove and S. W. side Ilays'k I. 

Near head of Newark Bay 

\l entrance of Presque Island Bay, Lake Erie 

U U (1 it 

On pier in Delaware River, opposite Fort Mifflin.. 

On Brandy wine Shoal in Delaware Bay 

On Cape Ilenlopen, S. siile of entrance to Del. B. . 

About three-fourths of a mile from main light 

N. W. end of Bombay Hook Isle, in Delaware Bay 

On Mahon's Ditch, 8. side Delaware Bay 

At mouth of M. Creek, in Delaware Bay, S. side. . 
At mouth of Christiana River, N. side 



OS 27 
02 60 
5S 52 



18 31 
25 43 
37 59 



40 6T 09 



51 52 
53 8.3 
87 46 

4S 15 



40 37 I 



04 10 
12 IS 
10 21 

50 00 
32 41 

51 00 
2S 01. 



12 30 
19 00 
09 0(. 



43 18 20 



45 00 
30 22 



.39 21 

02 IS 



42 00 
12 00 



27 39 
23 40 
45 .54 
55 45 
10 2S 
20 15 
30 17 



43 OS 14 



■3 44 21 
•3 07 41 
rs 13 88 
13 48 01 

:i 03 50 



1 51 58 
1 06 5 
1 18 14 
1 59 00 



1 30 00 
, 18 24 



04 
16 06 



20 00 

18 00 



00 42 
59 42 
00 56 
68 83 
OS 56 
22 12 
IT 81 



46 85 75 

47 21:75 
21 43,75 
10 13 75 
66 84 75 
43 12,75 



05 87 
05 44 
31 18 
•24 8S 
19 24 
31 60 



FLxed 
Eevol'g 
Fixed 
Fixed 



FLxed 

Revol'g 
Fixed 
FLxed 

Revol'g 
Fixed 
Fixed 
FLxed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 

Revol'g 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
FLxed 
Fixed 

R. & F, 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 

Revorj 
Fixcil 
Fixeil 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixi.l 
Fixed 
Fixe.l 
Fixcil 
FLxed 



Fixed 
R. & F. 
Fixed 
Revol'g 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Hx-ed 
FiiQd 
Pi.wd 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 

Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixeil 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 



160 
60 
63 
47} 
80 

59 

S2 

25 

83 
60 
52 



■15 
110 

60 
90 
•243 

88 
42 
42 



46 



LIGHT-HOUSES. 



Keedjr Island (gas) Del 

Breakwater (red) " 

Fii'e Fatliom Bock (195 tons) " 
Upper Middle SJioul (131 tons) " 

Bodkin Island Md. 

North Point, No. 1 " | 

Tlioma.s' Point " 

Pool's Island " 

Smith's Island *' 

Concord Point " 

Cove Point " 

Point Lookout " 

Lazaretto Point " 

Clay Island ** 

Turkey Point " 

Piney Point " 

Sharp's Island " 

Greenbury Point " 

Hooper^ ShoaU (72^ tons) ... " 

Cape Henry Tlrg. 

Old Point Comfort '• 

Smith's Point ** 

Kew Point Comfort " 

Smith's Island " 

Back Eivcr Point " 

Assateaquc Island " 

Little Watt's Island " 

Smith's Point (120 tons) .... " 

Craney Island (70 tons) " 

Willrniyhhy's Spit (400 tons) " 

Wolftrap Sliools (ISO tons).. " 

Windmill Point {_\iiions)... " 

BoicUr^s Jioi'k (54 tons) " 

Upper Cedar Piiint (72 tons) " 

Zo«w Cedar Point (72 tons) " 

Bald Head 2f. Car 

Federal Point " 

Cape Hatlcrus " 

Paroptico Point " 

Body's Island " 

Ocracoke " 

Cape Lookout " 

Oak Island (2 beacons) " 

Orton's Point " 

Price's Creek (2 beacons) " 

Campbell's Island " 

long S/ioat (lib tons) " 

S-W.pt.o/n.S/iuaHUOUms) " 

Mne Feet Shoal (70 tons) ... " 

Mouth of Kerne It. (125 tons) " 

Brant Island Slioal (125 tons) " 

narhor Island (72 tons) " 

Trade's Point Shoal (70 tons) " 

Roanoke Island i^% \oXi^.,. " 

Mouth lioaiwke P. (130 tons) " 

Horse Shoe (72 tons) " 

Charleston (and beacon) S. Cur. 

Eaccoon Key *' 

North Island " 

Morris' I. (2 beacon lights) . . •* 

SulJi\'an'8 1. Beacon, No. 1 . . " 

" " Beacon, No. 2. . " 

S(. i/dena .Bar (72 tons).... " 

Tybee Ga. 

Tybee Beacon " 

Fig Island Beacon " 

BL Simon's Island " 

Bapelo Island " 



;r.iptjical Posiliiin. 



On Eeedy Island, entrance of Delaware Elver 39 29 57 75 .34 ' 

On Delaware Breakwater 3S 47 60 75 07 I 

On Sandbank off Capo May (2 lighLs) 

N. W. of Brandywine Shoal, near middle of Del. B. 

On B. Island, S. side ol entrance to Patapsco Eiver'39 OS 00'76 25 



Astronom. Positio 



Latitude, 
d. m, B, 



Long'uUe. 
tl. tn. B. 



On N. side of ent. to Pat. E. and Port of Baltimore 



S. of entrance to Annapolis 

In Chesapeake Bay, N. E. of North Point 

In Chesapeake Bay, opposite entrance to Potomac 

At entrance of Susquehanna Eiver 

N. side of entrance to Paluxent Eiver 

N. side of entrance to Potomac Eiver 

N. side of entrance to Baltimore Harbor 

N. extremity of Tangier S'nd, mo'th of Nimticoke E, 

At entrance of Elk Eiver, "W. side 

On Potomac Eiver, E. side, 14 m. from its mouth . . 

Off the entrance of Choplank Eiver 

N. side of entrance to Annapolis Harbor 

In Chesapeake Bay, E. side and S. of Hooper's Isl. 

S. side of entrance to Chesapeake Bay 

N. side of entrance to Hampton Eoads 

Near the mouth of Potomac Eiver, S. side 

IS m. N. of O. P. C. and "W. side Chesapeake Bay 
N. E. of C. Charles and of N. ent. to Chesapeake B. 
About 5 m. N. E. O. P.C. andS. sideof ent. toB. E. 
On an isl. between C. Hen. and C. Char, on the ocean 
On L. Ws L, E. side of C. B., N. E. of S. ent. T. S, 
S. E. of S. P. in Ches'ke B. and of m'th of Potomac 
Near C. I., W. side of ent. to Eliz. E. and Norfolk 

3. side of entrance to Hampton Roads 

Between mouthsof York and Eappahannoek Eiver: 
Off W. P., N. side of entrance to Eappahannoek E 

Near said rock in Eappahannoek Eiver. 

Off said Pt., b. the Narrows, and 44 m. b. Mt. Ycrnoii 
Between said P. and Yate's P. above Kettle Bottom 

Near mouth of C. Fear Eiver, E. side 

On Federal Point, N. side of inlet to C. Fear Eiver. 
On C. Ilatteras, about 1 m. N. of high-water mark. 

S. side of entrance to Pamptico Eiver 

On said Island, 1) m. S. of a new inlet made in ls47 
S. W. of C. Ilatteras. and E. side of Ocracoke Inlet . 

Near the end of tlte Cape 

Lights range with Chan, on entering Cape Fear E. 

Vn W. bank of Cape Fear Eiver 

On W. hank of C. Fear E., mouth of Price's Creek 
On C. I., in C. Fear E., S. W. cor. of its lower end 

On E. point of Shoal, in Pamlico Sound 

On pi. of Shoal, PtLinlicn S'd. W.. 9 m. from Ocracoke 
4 m. N. by W. of Ocracoke, & N. E. side of Eoyal S. 
Near ent. of E. into Pamlico Sound, off Marsh Pt. 

On point of Shoal in S. part of Pamlico Bound 

tin H. Isl. Bar, between Pamlico and Cove Sounds 
of Pasquotank Eiver, on AUieniarle Sound 
Near E. I., between Pamlico and Albemarle Sounds 

Near its entrance itilo All)eniarle Sound 

On H. S.. Ijet'n N. in. and Price's Cr. in C. Fear E.. 
("->n Lighthouse Isl., and W. ofsiiip ehan. to harbor 
On C. Eomain, 10 m. S. TV. of ent. to Santee E: 
On S. end of N. Isl., E. side of ent. to Peedee Eiver 
On M. Isl., for the overall clia-nnel to Cliarleston. . . 
Back of S. Isl., I , ;j^, ^^^^ Charksston Bar \ 



39 00 45 
39 00 36 

38 51 25 

39 17 22 

37 63 13 
39 32 30 
33 23 00 
33 02 14 
39 16 89 

38 13 .'52 

39 26 65 

33 37 42 



30 66 00 
37 00 00 
87 61 00 
37 18 00 
37 13 00 
05 00 
54 36 
37 45 00 



S3 61 SO 
iZ 56 30 
85 16 00 



35 47 21 
35 06 30 

57 00 



iver .33 



of F. Moultrie, i 

Off the entrance to St. Helena Sound, etc 

N. E. end of T. I., and S. side of ent. to Sttvannali E. 

5 m. E. light-house 

On E. end of F. I., in Savannah Eiver (red shade.-) 
On S. end of St. S. Isl., and X. side ent. to the Sotmd 
On S. end of S. Isl., and N. cut. to Doboy Sound . . 



32 42 00 
.33 01 00 



32 40 51 
32 45 29 



76 27 
76 26 
76 27 
76 16 
76 14 
70 05 
76 23 
70 19 
76 34 

75 6S 

76 00 

76 22 ; 



Liiihl. 



6 04 
■6 22 
76 22 
70 21 

75 62 

76 21 

75 21 

76 04 



■7 59 
■7 66 

5 30 

6 31 ! 

75 58 I 
1 83 ( 



79 54 : 
9 24 I 
9 01 I 

79 ,63 I 
9 52 I 



81 OS DO 
81 21 30 



80 .62 00 



81 .36 
81 24 



Fixed 
Fixed 



Fixed 
i Fixed 

Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fi.xed 
Fixed 

Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Uevol'g 
Eevol'g 
Fixed 
Fixed 



Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Eevol'g 
Eevol'g 

rixo.r 

Fixed 
Fixed 
Fi\r,i 
liNcd 

1 l|..9w. 

1 Ip.llw. 
. 9 w. 

1 Iji. w. 

1 Ip. 9w. 

I l|i. 9 w. 

I l|i. Ow. 

1 Ip.liw. 

1 l|..9w. 

1 ]p.l2w. 

Itevol'g 
Fived 
Fixed 
Fixed 

(Fixed 

llp.l2w. 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 

Eevorg 
881 



30 



39 
S3 

41 
38 

m 

■■u 

33 
110 
50 
95 

30 
66} 
75 
9."i 



40 
JO 
40 
40 
40 
40 
39 

4-'! 

25} 
S7J 
89 
40 



100 
56 



LIGHT-HOUSES. 



Geographical PoeiLioD. 



Aetronom. Position. 



LiiUluile. Long'ude. 
d. m. B. d. m, t. 



Cbsracter 

of 

Light 



U.-1 
ft-et. 

25 

15 
SO 



Wolf's Island Beacon, No. 1. Gci. 

" " Beacon, No. 2. " 

Little Cumberland Island .... " 

Oyster Beds Beacon " 

Cockspur Island Beacon.... " 
Ti/bee Channel (125 tons) — " 

Tybee I. Knoll (72 tons) " 

Bt. Augustine Flor, 

St. John's River. " 

Cape Canaveral " 

Cape Florida " 

Dry Tortugas " 

Sand Key " 

KeyWest " 

Cape St. George " 

St.Mark'8 " 

Pensacola " 

Amelia Island " 

Cape SU Bias " 

Dog Island " 

Egmout Key " 

Cat^s/ori lietf (225 tons) " 

Key TTt-^f (145 Ions) " 

Sand Key (140 tons) " 

Mobile Point. AUt. 

' Choctaw Point *' 

Sandlsland " 

Cat Island Mlis. 

Pass Christian ** 

Bound Island " 

Biloxi " 

Bayou St. John Ga. 

Frank's Island " 

South- West Pass (2 lights) ... " 

South Point (Gordon's Island) " 

Pleasanlon's Island " 

Tchefuncta River " 

Point de Fer " 

Port Pont^^hartrain " 

Pa^s Manchac (red) " 

New Canal " 

Vermillion Bay " 

Bon Fouca " 

Chandeleur Island " 

Proctorsville Beacon " 

Merrill's ShellBank (400 tna.) " 

Ship SKPkasonton (IGO Ins.) " 

Atchaffilaya Bay (72 tons) . . " 

Grand River. Ohio. 

Grand River Beacon " 

Cleveland »' 

Cleveland Beacon " 

Vermillion River Beacon.. .. " 

Turtle Lslanil " 

Sandusky " 

Port Clinton " 

Conneaut liiver Beacon " 

Mouth Huron River Beacon. " 

Mouth Black River " 

Ashtabula Beacon " 

Cedar Point Beacon " 

■Western Sister Island " 

Fort G ratiot Mieh. 

Windmill Point " 

Monroe *' 

Bois Blanc " 

St. Joseph's River. " 

8S2 



E. siile, near N. end W. Isl., i brick ( 

and S. S. E. of Sapelo Light ) wood ) 

S. side of enU to St. Andrew's Sound and SantUla R. 

On Oyster Beds in Savannah River 

On a knoll connected with C. Isl., in Savannah R. 

At Martin's Industry 15 m. E. Tybee Light 

Otr the knoll N. of T. Island, in Savannah River. . 
On N. end of Anastatia I., and S. side of cnt.to St. A. 
Near mouth of St. John's River, S. side of entrance 
On Cape Canaveral, S. S. E. of St. Augustine. . 
OCfS. E. point of Florida or on Key Biscayne. . 
On Bush I., ono of the ■Westernmost of Florida Reef 
About ^ m. S. W. by S. Key West (destroyed 1846) 

Key "West Island, S. W. of Cape Sable 

About 2} m. E. of W. pass to St. George Sound 

E. side of entrance to St. Mark's Harbor 

E. side ent. to P. Bay, N. W. of fort on St. Rosa Isl, 
S. side of ent. to St. Mary's River, N. end of island 

On C. St. Bias, about 2 m. from its S. point 

On Dog Isl., E. side of middle ent. of Tampa Bay 

On Egmont Key, entrance of Tampa Bay 

About 10 E. of Cape Sable (two lamps) 



81 20 00 
SO 56 00 



29 52 IS 

30 20 80 

25 41 00 
24 87 20 
24 2S 30 
24 32 32 

30 04 00 
80 20 4S 
30 42 00 

20 46 20 



At N. W. passage, near 12 m. from Key West. . . 

At Sand Key (temporary) 

E. side of entrance to Mobile Bay 

On Choctaw Point, a little S. of Mobile , 

About 3 m. S. S. W. from Mobile Point , 

On W. point of C. Isl., E. of ent to Lake Borguo, 
On mainland, about 65 m. N. W. of Cat Island light 

On Round Island, off Pascagoula Bay 

In Biloxi village, W. of W. entrance to Biloxi Bay 
Mouth B. St. J., on L. Pontchartrain, 5 m. N. Orleans 
On F. I., at mouth of Mississippi R., N. E. pass, N. 8. 
Entrance of Mississippi River, S. W. pass, W. side 
Entrance of Mi.nsissippi E., near S. Pass, 9. "W. side 
E. of L. Pontchartrain, near mouth of Pearl River 

Lake Pontchartrain, near Madisonville 

At entrance of Techo E. or Atchafalaya Bay 

Near E. end of railroad 

S. side m. P. M.,b. Lakes Maurepas & Pontchartrain 

Lake Pontchartrain, entrance canal 

On March Island, near S. W. entrance to V. Bay. . 

Near mouth of Bayou Bon Fouca 

On N. end of said island 

On Lake Borgue 

At Merrill's Shell Bank (iron-boat) 

"W. end S. I. Shoal, in 5 fath. water, near Dernier I. 

In Alchafalaya Bay 

Mouth of Grand R., Fairport, Lake Erie 

On pier, mouth of Grand River 

Cleveland Harbor, Lake Erie 

On pier Cleveland Harbor, Lake Erie 

On pier Vermillion Harbor, Lake Erie 

On Turtle Island, mouth of Mauraee Bay 

Near entrance to Sandusky Bay 

On Lake Erie, N. W. of Santlusky Bay 

On Lake Erie, on pier, N. E. corner of Ohio 

On Lake Erie, Huron co., on pier 

On Lake Erie, Loraine co., on pier 

On Lake Erie, Ashtabula co., on pier 

Entrance to Sandusky Bay (on Keeper's House).. . 
On Western Sister Island, W. part of Lake Erie.. . 

m. above outlet of Lake Huron 

Near head of Detroit River, W. side 

W. end of Lake Erie 

N. side of Bois Blanc Island, near Mackinaw 

At mouth, E. side Lake Michigan (& beacon on pier) 



30 13 42 
30 44 00 
30 13 00 
30 13 40 
30 13 55 
30 20 00 

30 03 00 
29 03 30 
2S 5S 30 
23 59 42 



29 19 30 



SI 24 80 



51 25 00 
31 82 00 

50 05 00 

52 52 22 
81 49 30 

51 43 80 

34 11 00 
87 17 00 
31 36 30 

34 33 Oi 



S7 58 00 
SS 12 00 
S3 10 53 
S9 05 00 

89 10 20 
S3 40 00 

90 00 00 
S9 01 24 
89 20 00 
89 OT 24 



91 33 00 



SI 23 00 



81 61 00 



( FLxed 
/ Fixed 
Eevol'g 
Fixed 
Fixed 
I Ip. 4 w. 
1 In.liw, 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Revol'g 

Fixed 
Kevol'g 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Eevol'g 
Eevol'g 
Eevol'g 
Eevol g 
Fixed 
1 Ip.lSw. 
Ilp.l2w. 
9lp.l2vv. 
1 lp.l2w. 
Eevol'g 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Eevol'g 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Eevol'g 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Eevol'g 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 

1 lamp 

2 Ips. \ 

X Ip.l2w. 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 



80 
V) 
35 
91 
24 
140- 



46 

l'l3 
G5 



LIGnT-HOUSES. 







Geographical Position. 


Aslronom 


Pysitiun. 


Character 

of 

Ligl.t 


t d 


Namea. 


Latitude, 
d. in- a. 


Long'ude 
d. m. 6. 


leeu 


Thunder Bay Isl:ind 

Gibr.iltnr 


Mich. 

(( 

(t 
(t 
(( 
It 
« 

u 
a 

M 
« 

III. 
Wise. 

C( 

Ttw. 
Calif. 




42 49 33 
37 49 22 


S7 40 22 
122 2S 33 


Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Revol'g 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
FLxed 
Fixed 
Fixe<! 
FixL-d 
Fixed 
Fixed 
1 ]p.l2w. 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Revol'g 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
FLxed 
Fixed 
Fixed 


45 


Mouth of Detroit River 








4(1 


S. Manit<iu Islanil 







New Buffalo (and beacon).. 







N. W. shore of Lake Huron 


, . 


Kalamazoo Kiver 

Pottawottamie 

Saginaw Bay 

Clinton River 


S. E. shore of Lake Michigan 

On Pottawottamie Island, entrance Green Bay 


43 
120 


Mnutli of Clinton River, in Lake St. Chiir 





Point aux Barques 

Detour 





At D., where the R. Sault St. Marie enters L. Huron 


- 


Copper Harbor 




_ 











_ 









Mamajuda Beacon 

Skilla^alee Kock. 




_ 






Mackinaw Straits (121 tons) 

Michigan City 

Chiea^jo (and beacon) 

Little Fort. 


At junction of Lakes Huron and Michigan 


W) 


8. bank C. River, Lake Michigan (beacon on pier) 
In L. F. v., S. side of r., 8. W. shore L. Michigan 
Mouth of Milwaukie River, W. side of L. Michigan 
Mouth of Root River, W. side of Lake Michigan. . 
Mouth of Sheboygan River, "W". side Lake Michigan 

Mouth of M. River, "W. side Lake Michigan 

On Warrington Island, in Southport 




Milwaukie (and beacon) 

Eoot River (Racine) 


— 







South Port (Kenosha) 

Tail Point 


- 


Port 'Washington 

Port deMort 


At Port Washington, N. E. part of Green Bay 


- 


Galtt'stoii Bar (145 tons) 

Point Lobos 


On Bar, off" Galveston 

S. side of entrance to San Francisco Harbor 


llp.9w. 35 
FLxed 392 



UnmSH LIGnT-lI0USE3 IN TITE BAY OF FONDY, ETC. 



Cape Enrage. — Fixed light; IGl feet above high tide. Lat. 

45° 3G', and loug. 64° 46' 40". 
Quaco. — RevolYiug IiKhts (white and red) : 70 feet above 

high tide. Lat. 450 ly 33", and long. 65° -31' 54". 
St. John JTarioi-.—OnVnTtndge Island. Fixed light: 119 

feet above high tide. Lat, 45° 14' 03", and long. 66° 85'. 
£f. John Uiirhor. — Beacon tower. Fixed light ; 41 feet above 

high tide. Lat 45° 15', and long. CO^ 03' 30". 
Pcdiit Lepreau.—lvio fixed lights, 2S feet apart : 81 and 53 

feet above high tide. Lat. 45° 08' 50", and long. Up 27' 30". 
Camjio J5''!lo Maud. — Fixed liglit : (14 feet above high tide. 

Lat. 440 67' 40", and long. 66° 63' 6.5". 
St. A7ub-ew^s P&int.—FixGd light: 42 feet above high tide. 

Lat. 45° 04' 18", and long. 67° 03' 4s". 
Madam Seal Mand-s.—Kast Isl. Two fixed lights, 200 feet 

apart : 4S ft. above tide. Lat. 41° 30' 08", long. 67^ 06' 10". 
Gann*^ Roch. — devolving (20 seconds) : 56 feet above high 

tide. Lat. 44° .30' 40", and long. 66° 52'. 
Bnjcr Island. — West part Fixed light: 92 feet above high 

tide. Lat. 44° 15' 61", and long. 66^ 2.3' 02". 
Annapolui Gut.—FixcA light: 76 feet above high tide. Lat. 

44° 40' 50", and long. 65° 47' 20". 



Snjer Inland Liglit Beacon. — At S. entrance to Westport 

Two white lights: 40 feet above high tide. 
Barringtdii Light. — On Ca])e Latour. RevoIv*g light : 50 feet 

above sea level. Lat. 4:5° 26' 09", and long. 65° 2S' 07". 

And the following lights are on the outer coast of Nova 
Scotia : 

D. M. B. D. M. e. 

rictnu ITarTior Lat. 45 41 30 Long. 01 29 20 

Cameo Gut " 45 4149 " 6129 20 

Gui/shoro' Tlarbur " 45 22 00 " 61 31 00 

Caihwau " 45 20 00 " 00,5146 

Sidney " 46 16 16 " 60 10 00 

Seatarie Island " 46 02 17 " 50 40 00 

Louisbmrg Harlar " 45 53 00 " 69 50 00 

Beaver Islands " 44 49 00 " 02.5100 

Halifax Harbor « 44 86 05 " 63:55 40 

Samhro Islantl " 44 26 17 " 63:35 16 

Limenbtirg Bay " 44 22 00 " 64 06 00 

Lieerpool Bay " 44 0150 " 64 10 49 

ShAhourne ilarbor..... " 43 37 31 " 65 16.30 

Seal Island " 42 23 60 " 06 00 20 

Tarmout^t, " — " — 



Licirrs Cornebs, p. o., Waldo co., Me. : about 1 m. E. of 
Museongus r., 25 m. E. by S. Augusta. 

Licnr Steeet, p. v., Columbia co., Pemi. : on the E. side 
of Fishing cr., 56 ra. N. by E. Harrisburg. It contains 2 
.-inthracite blast furnaeos, of 2,000 tons capacity each, and 
459 inliabitants. 

LiGONiEB, t and p. v., Westmoreland county, Penn. : 



119 m. W. Ilarrisburg. Drained by Loyalhanna cr. and 
branches, which turn several large flour and saw mills. 
It is mostly a rich valley, on the W. side of Laurel Hills, 
and farming and grazing are the leading inleresls. The 
village contains an academy, several stores, «nd a printing- 
olBce, whence the "Ligonier Free Press" (neut.) is issued 
weekly. 

8S3 



LIG 



LIN 



LiuosiBB, p. v., Xoblo CO., Lid.: on Elkliart r., IIS m. 
N. by K. Indianapolis. 

Likens, t. und p. c, Crawford county, Ohio: 65 m. N. 
Columbus. Drained by branches of Sandusky r. Surface 
varied, and soil adapted to grain. Pop. 1,1^5. 

LiLKsviLLK, p. o., Anson eo., 2i. Car. : 94 m. S.W. by W. 
Ealcig:!i. 

LiLi.ECAsn, p. v., Will county, III. : 158 miles N. N. E. 
Springfiold. 

Lima. p. o., Adams cnunly. Ill : about 6 m. E. of the 
Mississippi, 93 m. "W. by N. Sprinirllcld. 

Lima, p. v., La Grange county, /;((/.; on the N. side of 
Pigeon r., 137 in. N. by K. Indianapolis. It enjoys a lurge 
trade with the fertile country around it by means of several 
plank-roads centering here, and contains an academy, 
several mills and stores, and SOO inhabitants. The ''La 
Grange Whig" is published weekly. 

Lima, L and p. v., Washtenau co., Mich.: 43 m. 9. E. 
Lansing. Drained by Mill cr. and its N. branch, affluents 
of Huron r., which supply fine mill-sites. Surface gently 
rolling, and soli excellent for wheat and corn. The 
Michigan Central E. R. crosses the N. part. The v. is on 
the N. branch, and contains several stores and mills. Pop. 
of t, 91'2. 

Lima, t. and p. \'., Livingston co., y. Y. : 202 m.W. by N. 
Albany. Drained by Iloneoye cr. and its branches, which 
ftirnish good mill-sites. Surface rolling ; soil clay and cal- 
careous loam, and under high cnllivation. A superior 
farming t., with several flouring mills and small manufac- 
tories. The v. is not compact, but very pleasantly built, and 
contains a number of stores, and 500 inhabitants. The 
Genesee Wesleyan Seminary, incorporated hero in 1S34, 
is a large, well endowed, and flourishing institution. The 
Canandaigua and ^Niagara II. E. crosses the t Pop. of t 
2,433. 

Lima, p. v., and cap. Allen co., Ohio: on Ottawa cr., a 
branch of Maumee r., 70 m. N. W. Columbus. It contains 
n court-house and jail, an academy, a dozen stores, and 
757 inhabitants. The *'L. Argus'' (dcm.) is published 
weekly. 

Lima, p. v., Delaware county, Penn. ; 7S m. E. by S. 
Harrisburg. 

Lima, p. o., St. Tammany par., Za. : 69 m. E. Baton 
Eouge. 

Lima, t. and p. o., Eock co., Ulsc: 33 m. S. E. by E. 
Madison. Siu-face undulating, and soil very productive. 
The Milwaukie and Mississippi E. E. passes through it 
Pop. S39. 

Lima, sta,, Stark county, Ohio: on tlie Cleveland and 
Pittsburg E. E., 53 m. from Cleveland. 

LiMAViLLE, p. v., Stark co., Ohio: 116 m. N. E. by E. 
Columbus. 

LiMiiKR Lost, p. o., Adams co., IjkJ.: on a branch of 
Wabash r., 82 m. N. E. Indianapolis. 

LiMEUicK, t. and p. v., York county. Me. : 72 m. S. W. 
Augusta. Drained by Little Ossipee r. and a cr. flowing 
into it, which furnish good mill-sites. Soil very productive 
of most farming staples. The v. contains a large and 
flourishing academy, incorporated in 1S12, several stores 
and industrial establishments, and a printing office, where 
the "Free Will Baptist Ecpository" is published weekly. 
Pop. of 1. 1,473. 

LiMF.BTCE, p. T. and sta., Jefferson co., JVI Y.: on Perch 
cr., 152 m. N. W. Albany. It contains several stores and 
800 inhabitants. The sta. is 8 m. W. of Watertown, on the 
Watertown and Eome E. E. 

LtMERicK, t, p. 0., and sta., Montgomery co., Penn. : on 
the left bank of Schuylkill r.. 71 m. E. Harrisburg. Surface 
varied, and soil highly i)roduclive. The IMiiladelphia and 
Eeading E.E. passes along the r., and the sta. is 14 m. from 
Beading. Pop. of t. 2.105. 

Limerick Biudge, p. o., Montgomery co., Pcnn.: 69 m. 
E. Harrisburg. 
8S4 



LuME EiDGE, p. 0., Columbia co., Pmn, : 58 m, N. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Lime Eock, p. o., LilchSeld co.. Conn. : near Salmon cr. 
of the Housatonic, 41 m. W. by N. Hartford, The iron 
mines of Salisbury are in its vicinity. 

Lime Eock, p. v.. Providence co., II. L : S m. N. by W 
Providence. The chief business carried on is the manufae- 
turc of lime, which emploj-s a large capital and many hands. 
It contains a bank, an academy, and several stores. 

Llmestone county, Aki. Situate N., and contains 549 sq. 
m. Drained by KIk r., Moody's Fork, Swan, Pinery, and. 
Limestone creeks, affluents of the Tennessee, which forma 
its S. boundary. Surface gently broken, with some quite 
low land ; soil very productive. Cotton is the leading staple, 
and is raised in very large quantities, the land being inferior 
to little in the State for its cultivation. Corn yields lino 
crops, and wheat and oats generally do well. Pork is an 
important article of export. Its streams afl'ord many water 
privileges, and its manufactures are considerable and rapidly 
increasing. Farms 649; manuf. 23; dwell. 1,429, and pop. 
— wh. 8,405, fr. col. 15, si. 8,063— total 16,483. Capital: 
Athens. 

Llmestone county, 7kr. Situate E. centrally, and contauu 
SoG sq. m. Drained by Xavasoto r. and its branches, Lake, 
Plumer, Christmas, and Sttsel's creeks, and Big cr. of the 
Brazos. Surface considerably broken and hilly; in the S. 
undulating. Much of the co. is prairie, with groves of post 
oak, and the soil a deep loam of great fertility. Com and 
cotton grow finely, and the grazing is superior. Limestone 
and sandstone are abundant, and salt springs are found. 
Iron ore in immense quantities is found in or near the hilly 
regions ; and coal is supposed to be in the vicinity. Farms 
279; manuf 0; dwell. 3S0, and pop.— wh. 1,990, fr. col. 0; 
si. 618— total 2,608. CapiUd: Springflel I. 

Llmestone, p. o., Buncombe co., JV. Car. : 228 m. W. by 9. 
Kaleigh. 

Limeston-e, p. 0., Clarion co., Perm. : 139 m. W. N, W. 
Harrisburg. 

LiMESTosE, p. o., Hamilton co., Tenn.: 107 m. S. E. 
Nashville. 

Limestone, p. o., Cattaraugus co., N. Y. : 257 m. W. by S. 
Albany. 

Llmestone, p. v., Iroquois co., HI. : on the left bank of the 
Kankakee r., 131 m. N. E. Springfield. 

Limestone Eivee, p. o., Aroostook CO., Me,: 133 m. 
N. N. E. Augusta. 

Limtstone Springs, p. o., Spartanburg dist, S. Car. : 73 m. 
N. N. W. Columbia. 

Limestone Springs, p. o., Greene co., Tenn. : 221 m. E. 
Nashville. 

Llmestone Well, p. o., Forsyth co., N. Car. : 109 m. 
W. N. W. Ealeigh. 

LrMF.TowN, p. o., Washington co., Penn.: 173 ra. W. 
Harrisburg. 

LiMiNGTON, t and p. o., York co.. Me. : 65 ra. 3. W. 
Augusta- Bounded N. and E. by Saco r, and S. by LitUe 
O.'isipeu r., its branch, on which are numerous water priv- 
ileges. Surface broken ; soil very fertile, and excellent 
grain land. Incorporated in 1762. Pop. 3,116. 

Lincoln county, Ga. Situate N. E., and contains 195 
sq. m. Bounded E. by Savannah Elver, S. by its branch, 
Little r., and drained by their branches. Broad r, Fi.shing, 
Soap, and Loyd's creeks. Surface diversified, in parls hilly ; 
soil fertile. Cotton is the great and almost exclusive staple, 
being universally cultivated, and producing great crops. 
Com and wheat are raised with considerable success, and 
large numbers of swine are fatted. It has good mill streams, 
ou which aro several flourishing manufactories. Farms, 
273; manuf 13; dwell. .378, and pop.— wh. 2,187, fr. col. SI, 
sL 3,780— total 5,998. CapiUil: Lincolnton. 

Lincoln county, Ki/. Situate E. centrally, and contains 
36S sq. m. Drained N. E. by Dick's r. and its branch. 
Hanging Fork, aflluenta of the Kentucky, and S. and W 



LIN 



LIN 



by small iiffltu-nla of CumbcThmd r., and heads of Oreen r. 
Surface ek'vat(Hi table land ; soil very prcxUictive, and well 
adapted lo rearing cattle. Corn is the staple rereal ; wheat, 
rye, and oats yield well. Particular attention is given to 
rai-slng eatlle, horses, and sheep. Live stock, wool, and pork 
are importaut exports. Tho streams are small, but furnish 
many mill-seats. Farms 6U; manuf. 07; dwell. 1,145, and 
pop.— wh. 0.035. fr. col. 103, si. 3.3Jo— total Hi.niCi. Oipital : 
ISIanfurd, 

LiNrMi.N- county, M-\ Situate S.TV., and contains S24sq.m. 
Aiidroseo;igin r. Iwuntls it S. W. ; in the W. Kmueliec r. 
;iiid iariher K. Sheepscolt, Darnariscotta, Musecngus, and 
St. George rivers flow through the eo. into the Atlantic, 
which forms the S. boundary. In tho S. are Shcepscott and 
Muscongus bays, and E. the mouth of Penobscot Bay, with 
numerous smaller ones, which, sheltered by innumerable 
islands that cover almost the whole coast, furnish many ex- 
cellent harbors. Surface much varied, and cut up by ponds 
and large water-courses ; soil mostly very fertile, and supe- 
rior grazing land. Corn, barley, odts, wheat, and rye are 
grown with pr'.>lit ; but the stajile is the potato crop, which is 
ver>' large. an<l furnishes a valuable export. Sheep are 
special objects of care, and the shearings are very large and 
of superior quality. Water-power is abundant, and the 
manufactures of lumber, leather, woolen goods, ironware, 
and earthenware are extensive. Large cotton factories have 
lately been built in tho "W., and bid fair to become its lead- 
ing interest. Its rivers are navigable for vessels of all sizes ; 
(he lumber trade and ship-buildiug are much prosecuted ; anti 
its facilities for commerce are hardly equalled. It ha.s a large 
trade with the West Indies, and is extensively concerned in 
the coast trade and fisheries. Farms 4,975; raanuf. 520; 
dwell. 12,176, and pop.— wh. 74,016, fr. col. 259— total 74,875. 
Cnpitah : Warren, "Wiscasset, and Topsham. PuhUc Works : 
Portland and Kennebec E. E., Penobscot and Kennebec 
E. E., etc. 

Lincoln county, Mo. Situate E. on the N. of Missouri r., and 
contains 577 sq. m. Drained by Au Cuivre r., its branches 
Indian cr. and Eagle Fork, and smaller affluents of the Mis- 
sissippi, which forma its E. boundary. Surface generally un- 
even ; soil very fertile, and well adapted to grain and grass. 
Com is the staple cereal. Wheat and tobacco are successfully 
cultivated. Cattle and pork are exported. The streams are 
of good size, with considerable water-power, and timber is 
plenty. Farms S49 ; manuf. 10 ; dwell. 1,239, and pop. — wh. 
7,aS9, fr. col. 5, si. 2,027— total 9,411. OtpiUd: Troy. 

Lincoln county. A"". Oar, Situate W.. and contains 2C9 
sq. m. Drained by Catawba and Little Catawba rivers 
and their branches. Surface somewhat broken ; soil of good 
fertiUty. Cotton, corn, and wheat are the staples, and largely 
raised. It has fine pasture, and exporLs live stock and pork. 
The streams are numerous, and afford much water-power, 
a large part of wliicb is used in manufacturing flour, 
leather, oil, and cotton goods. Farms 711; manuf. 61; 
dwell. 1,022, and pop.— wh. 5,601, fr. col. 30, si. 2,055— total 
7,746. Capital : Lineolnton. 

Lincoln county, Tmn. Situate centrally on S. line, and 
contains 332 sq. m. Drained by Elk r. and it.s branches, afflu- 
ents of the Tennessee. Surface moderately elevati-'d, and 
somewhat hilly ; soil highly productive. Com is the chief 
staple. Cotton and wheat are good crops, and pork is a very 
large export. A fine co. for farming or grazing, with good mill 
streams and large manufactures of flour, leather, liquor, 
cottons, etc. Farms 1,926; manuf. 100; dwell. 3,010, and 
pop.— wh. 1T,SIJ9, fr. col. 62, si. 5,621— total 23,492. Capital : 
Fayetteville. 

Lincoln, t. and p. o., Penobscot co.. Me. : 9S m. N. E. by N. 
Augusta. It lies on tho left bank of the Penobscot, below 
Matakeunk r., and has a large territory of fertile soil, with 
numerous ponds, and .abundance of timber. The lumber 
trade is very heavy. Pop. 1,353. 

Lincoln, t, and p. v., Middlesex co.. ^/tz-w. .• 13 m. 
"W. N. W. Boston. Drained by branches of Sudbury r.. 



its W. boundary, and a branch of Charles r. Surface rough 
and hilly: soil various. It has many excellent furms, and 
a pond, much visited for its fine pickerel. Varitnis mnnu- 
faetures .nre carried on in a small way. The Fitchburg li. R. 
passes through it, and lias a sta. about 2 ra. from the v., and 
17 m. W. of Boston. Pop. of t, C32. 

Lincoln, p. o.. Yazoo co.. Miss. : on a branch of Yazoo r., 
31 nL N. N. W. .lai-kson. 

LiNO'iLN, p. v., Winnebago co., TIL : 1S2 ra. N. Springfield. 

LiNTOLN. t. and p. o., Crafton co., K. JIamp.: 59 ra. 
N. by W. Concord. It is very mountainous, subject to fre- 
quent land slides, and has a sterile srtil, but aboumls in 
game of all kinds, and is a favorite summer resort. Pop. 57. 

Lincoln, I. and p. o,. Morrow co., Ohio: 34 m. N. by E. 
Columbus. The Cleveland, Columbus, and Cincinnati II. K. 
crosses the N. W. corner. Pop. 891. 

Lincoln, t. and p. o., Addisim county, Ffv-w. .- 23 m. 
W. S. W. Monlpelier. Drained by New Haven r.. a branch 
of Otter cr., which supplica it with fine mill-sites. Surfaife 
uneven, an<l soil better adapted to grazing than grafia 
growing. The clip of wool is large, and several forges, tire 
successfully operated. Pop. 1,057. 

Lincoln Centre, p. v., Penobscot co., M>\ : on the left 
bank of Penobscot r., 101 m. X. E. by N. Augusl-i. 

LiNcoLNTON, p. v., and cap. Lincoln co.. Ga. : 73 m. N. E. 
Milledgeville. It contains a court-house, jaU, academy, and 
200 inhabitants. 

LiNCOLNTON, p. v., sud cap. Lincoln co., K. Car.: on the 
E. side of Little (or South) Catawba r., ITS m. W. by 8. 
Raleigh. It contains a court-house, 3 academies, 15 large 
stores, and about 1,000 inliabilant.s. Its trade is extensive, 
and near it are several mills and furnaces, producing large 
amounts of cotton goods, ironware, etc. The " Courier" and 
"Republican" are published weekly. 

LiNcoLNTiLLE, L and p. o.. Waldo co,, Mt\ : 37 m. E. Au- 
gust,!. The t. lies on the W. side of Penobscot Bay, and has 
a large pond in the W., which, and a stream on the N. line, 
afford good water-power. It hxs a fine soil for grain and 
pota,toes, and manufactures woolens, leather, and lumber. 
Duck Trap in the N. E. is a g-)od harbor, and the t. has a 
valuable coasting trade. Pop. 2,174. 

LiND, p, o., Winnebago co., Ifwc. ; S4 ra. N. N. E. Madison. 

Linden, p. v., and cap. Marengo co., Ala. : on Chicka- 
saw Bogue, 9 m. E. of the Tombigbee, 85 m. W. Montgom- 
ery. It contains a court-house, jail, 2 academies, several 
large stores, and 400 inhabitants. Two weekly papers aro 
published, the "L. Free Press,'' and the "Alabama Argus." 

Tjnden, p. o., Copiah co., Mist.: 37 m. S. S. W. Jackson. 

Linden, p. v., and cap. Atchi.son county, 3fo.: 249 miles 
N. W. by W. Jefl'erson City. It contains a court-house, 
hotel, and a few stores. 

Linden, ]>. v, and sta., Genesee county. Al Y.: 231 m. 
W. f\v N. Albany. The sta. is T. m. E. of Attica on the 
Buffalo and New York City R. R. 

LiNPEN, p. v., Lycoming co., Penv. : on the N. bank of 
Susquehanna r., 68 ra. N. by W. Ilarrisburg. The Penn- 
sylvania Canal passes through it 8 m. W. of Williamsport. 

Linden, p. v., Iowa co., TlV.sr. ; on a branch of Pecka- 
tonlea r., 44 ra. W. by S. Madison. Mining is the chief 
business. 

Linden, p. v., and cap. Perry co., Tfnn.: 66 ni. W. S. W. 
Nashville. It contains a court-house, and a few stores and 
dwellings. 

Linden Okove. Kenton co., JTy. ; the site of a fine cem- 
etery, about a mile from Covington. 

LiNDEsvnLLE, p. V., Ashlabula co., Ohio: 153 m. N. E. 
Columbus. 

LiNBENwooD, p. v., Oglc oouuty, HI. : 164 miles N. by E. 
Springfield. 

Lindley's, p. o.. Ohio CO., K'j.: near Green r., 132 m. 
W. S. W. Frankfurt. 

Lindley's Stoiu-:, p. o.. Orange conrity, K. Car. : 37 m. 
N. W. Raleigh. 

886 



LIN 



LnroLEYTOira, p. v., Steuben co., 2f. Y.: ISl m. W. by S. 
Albany. It is near Tioga r., iJong which the Coming and 
Blossburg R. K. |>:isse3. 

LiKDLv's Mills, p. 0., Washington CO., Penn.: 182 m. 
W. Harrisburg. 

LixDSAi s Mill, p. o., Trigg co., Ay. ; 191 m. 9. W. by W. 
Franklort, 

LixusAi's TtmsouT, sta., Albemarle co., rirg.: on the 
Virginia Central E. B., 5 m. S. W. of OordonsviUe. 

Line, p. o., De Kalb Co., HI. : lOT m. N. by E. Springfield. 

LiSE, p. o., Fulton CO., Ay.; 25G m. \V. S. W. Frankfort. 

Li>-E Creek, p. o., Laurens district, & Car. : 74 miles 
N. W. by W. Columbia. 

LtsE Ceeek, p. 0., Montgomery co., Ala. : 26 m. E. S. E. 
Montgomery. 

Line Ckeek, p. 0., Oktibbeha county, Miss.: 104 m. 
K. E. by N. Jackson. 

Line Lexington, p. v., Bucks county, Penn. : 83 m. E. 
Harrisburg. It contains about 100 inhabitants, and lies on 
the county line, where three towns meet in it. 

Line Mills, p. o., Crawford county, Penn.: 20T miles 
N. W. by W. Harrisburg. 

Line Mountain, p. o., Northumberland co., Pmn. : 34 m. 
N. by E. Ilarrisburg. 

Line Poet, p. o., Stewart CO., Tmn. : 65 m. W. N. W. 
Nashville. 

Line Stoee, p. o., Hinds county, Miiss. : 17 m. S. by W. 
Jackson. The New Orleans, Jacksou, and Northern I!. K. 

passes here. ivt xr t? 

LiNGLESTOWX, p. V., Dauphin co., Penn. : S m. N. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

LiNKLAEN, t. and p. o., Chenango CO., A'. Y. : 109 ra. W. 
Albany. Drained by branches of Otselic r. Surface even, 
and sod adapted to grain growing, which is the leadiug 
interesL Pop. 1,196. 

Linn county, Ja. Situate centrally, and contains 720 
eq. m. Drained by Prairie and Cedar creeks and branches, 
and N. E. by Buffiilo cr. and Wapsipiiiicon r. Surface 
undulating, and soU very fertile, equally adapted to grain 
and grass, raising heavy crops of corn and wheat, and 
feeding many cattle and sheep. The streams are large, 
with considerable falls, and skirled with good timber. 
Farms 526; manuf. 23; dwell. 991, and pop.— wh. 6,411, 
fr. col. 8— total 5,444. Capitul : Marion. 

Linn county. Mo. Situate N. middle, and contains 643 
sq. m. Drained by Locust, Elk, Turkey, Yellow, and Little 
Yellow creeks, branches of Grand r. Surface rolling, and 
soil generally fertile. It has plenty of timber, flue grazing, 
and abundance of mast, and exports corn aiul pork in large 
quantities. Farms 429 ; manuf. ; dwell. 626, and pop.— 
wh. 8,6S1, fr. col. 0, si. 377— tolal 4,06S. CapiUd : Linneus. 
Linn county, Oreg. Ter. Situate S., and contains about 
18,000 sq. m. It has the Willamette for its W. boundary, 
and is drained by its br.inclies. North and South forks of 
Santiam r., v,ith their affluents, Tlioiiias, Crab Tree, and 
Beaver creeks, and Calapooga and M'Kenzie's forks. The 
settled parts are between Cascade mountains and the 
Willamette, where the surface is but slightly broken, and 
the valleys alluvial bottoms of great beauty ami fertility. 
Grains, fruits, and vegetables of most kinds yield abundantly. 
The water-power is very superior, and timber of the tallest 
kind. Farms 136; manuf. G; dwell. 172, and pop.— 
wh. 994, fr. col. 0— total 994. CitpiUil : New Albany. 

Linn, p. v., and cap. Osage Co., Mo.: at the head of 
Loose cr. of the Missouri, 18 m. E. by S. Jefferson City. It 
consists of a court-house, an academy, and several stores. 

Linn Citv, p. v., Washington co., Orerj. Ter. : on the left 
bank of the Willamette, 33 m. N. E. by N. Salem. It is 
situate at the extreme bend of the r., opposite to Oregon 
Cily, and has a great water-power, which is improved by 
several saw and flouring mills. Pop. about 135. 

Llnnels, t. and p. o., Aroostook county. Me. : 151 m. 
H. E. by N. Augusta. It has several ponds, wliieh give 
3S6 



lis 

rise to streams flowing into the St. John and Penobscot. 
An elevated surface, and a dense growth of timber. The 
soil is fertile. Pop. 561. 

LiNNEOS, p. v., and cap. Linn CO., Mo. : on a branch of 
Locust cr., 102 m. N. W. by N. Jeffenion City. It contains 
a court-house and several dwellings. 

Linn Flat, p. o., Nacogdoches CO., Tet. : 216 m. E. N. E. 
Austin City. 

Linn Geote, p. v., Adams county, hid. : on W. side of 
Wabash r., 82 m. N. E. Indianapolis. 

LiNNviLLE, p. v.. Licking Co., Ohio : 34 m. E. Columbus. 
Pop. 1S3. 

LiNviLLE Ceeek, p. o., I'.ockingham Co., Tirg. : 106 m. 
N. W. by W. P.ichmond. 

Linnville EiVER, p. o., Burke CO., S. Car. : on a branch 
of Catawba r. so called, 184 m. W. Italcigh. 

LiNTON, p. v., Des Moines co., la. : 45 m. 8. by E. Iowa 
City. 
LrsTON, p. v., Greene co., Ind. : 72 m. S.W. Indianapolis. 
LiNwoon, p. 0., Cherokee county, Tex. : 1S4 m. E. N. E. 
Austin City. 

Lion's Beaed, p. o., Sevier co., Ark. : 128 m. W. S. W. 
Little Eock. 

LioNviLLE, p. v., Chester CO., Penn,.: 64 m. E. by 8. 
Harrisburg. 

Lisbon, t. and p. v.. New I.ondon county, Comn. : 86 m. 
E. S. E. Hartford. It lies chiefly between Shetucket and 
Quinnebaug rivers, which unite in the S., and with their 
branches supply fine water-power. Surface uneven ; soil 
sandy or gravelly loam, and excellent farming land, with 
extensive meadows on the streams. Farming is the leading 
pursuit. Cotton and woolen goods are made, and several 
kinds of " Yankee notions." The Norwich and Worcester 
P.. K. passes through the E. part along the Quinnebaug. 
Pop. 937. 

Lisbon, p. v., Kendall county, PX.: 134 m. N. E. by N. 
Springfield. 

Lisbon, t. and p. o., Lincoln county, Me. : 27 m. S. S. W. 
Augusta. Drained by Littlo r. and the Androscoggin, 
whU^h bounds it 9., and has fine falls here, 6 m. below 
Lewiston falls. Soil very fertile, and well cultivated. Oitton 
and woolen goods are made, and large saw-mills run. A 
bridge crosses the r. here. Pop. of t 1,493. 

Lisbon, p. v., Howard Co.. Md. : on the Baltimore and 
Frederick turnpike, 13 m. from EUicott's JliUs, 37 m. N. W. 
Annapolis. 

Lisbon, t and p. v., Graflon county, N. Ramp. : 63 m. 
N. bv W. Concord. Drained by Ammonoosuc r. Surface 
varied. In the S. is Blueberry Mountain. Soil fertile, and 
divided into alluvial meadows and strong uplands. It is 
well timbered, makes maple sugar largely, and abounds in 
iron ore and limestone. Pop. 1,832. 

Lisbon, t, p. o., and sla., St. Lawrence CO., 2f. Y. : on 
St. Lawrence r., 166 m. N. W. by N. Albany. Surface un- 
dulating and heavily timbered with pine, oak, and hemlock. 
Soil a fertile loam. Lumber and dairy products .iro valuable 
exports. The st.a. is 9 m. E. of Ogdensbnrg, on the Northern 
(Ogdensburg) E. E. Pop. 5,295. 

Lisbon, p. o. and sta., Bedford co., Virg.: on the Virginia 
and Tennessee K. K., 32 m. W. of Lynchburg, 121 m. W. 
by S. Eichmond. 

Lisbon, t. and p. o., Waukei<ha co., Whc. : 59 m. E. 
Madison. Dniineil by heads of Koek r., affording numerous 
mill-sites. Soils adapted to grass or grain. A plauk-road to 
Milwaukie passes through the S. part. Pop. l.tLiO. 

Lisbon, p. o.. Union co., Ark.: 106 m. S. by W. Little 
Eoek. 

Lisbon, p. v.. Noble co., Ind.: 119 m. N. N. E. Indian- 
apolis. A plank-road from Fort Wa.vne p.TS3e3 through it. 

Lisbon Centre, p. o., St. Lawrence co., N. Y. : 162 m. 
N. W. by N. Albany. 

LiSBur.N, p. o., Sampson co., X. Car.: on Black r., a 
branch of Cape Fear r., 69 m. S. by E. P.aleigb. 



LIS 

LrsurBN', p. v., Cumberland co., r^'im.: on Yellow 
Breeches cr., 7 m. S. S. \V. Hiirrislmrg. It contains a char- 
coal forge, which makes 520 tons of bl'Wms, and 30 loos of 
bars per annum. 
LisnA'6 Kill, p. o., Albany co., X K 
LisLK, p. v., Osage co.. Mo,: on the E. bank of Osage r., 
about 3 m. from its mouth, 10 m. E. by S. Jefferson Cily. 
It has a fine landing, and considerable trade. 

Lisle, I. and p. o., Broome co., y. Y. : 122 m. "W. by 3. 
A]I>any. Drained by Tioughninga r., on which are numer- 
ous saw-mills. Surface undulating, and soil well adapted to 
grazing. Timber is abundant. Pop. 1,081. 

LrrciiFiBLD county, Conii. Situat*? N. W., ami contains 
SS5 sq. m. Drained W. by Housatonic r. and its branches, 
and E. by Naugaluek and Farminglon rivers and their 
branches. Surface hilly, and in parts nigged and mountain- 
ous; soil a gravelly loam, well eidtivated, very productive 
of all the grains, and generally capital grazing. Large 
dairies are kept, and a large amount of wool sheared. Tlio 
exports are butter, cheese, beef, pork, and wool. It has an 
abundance of excellent water-power, and very extensive man- 
ufactures. Iron ore of great fineness, and a kind nuu-h sought 
after, is found in parts, and largely wrought, and a valuable 
copper mine lies in the S. E. Farms 3,621 ; manuf. 4S7 ; 
dwell. 8,721, and pop.— wh. 44,266. fr. col. 987— total 45.203. 
Cajntal: Litchfield. Puhlic Works: Housatonic E. E.; 
Naugatuck R. R. ; Hartford, Pro\idence, and Fishkill R. R. 
LiTrnFiELD. t., p. b., and cap. Litchfield co., Conn. : 2S m. 
W. by S. Hartford. Tlie t. lies between the Naugatuck and 
Shepaug rivers, and is well drained by their affluents and 
other streams, many of which have large water-power. 
Great Pond occupies 900 acres, and is the largest water- 
surface in the State. Surface elevated, and diversified by 
hills and valleys ; soil generally loam, and admirably adapt- 
ed for grazing. The v. on Litchfield Hill is environed by a 
rich and glowmg scenery, and is built mainly on two streets 
crossing each other at right angles, at the inlersectiou of 
which is an elegant square. It contains a court-house, jail, 
etc., an academy, and several schools, 3 churches, 2 printing- 
offices, and about 700 inhabitants. Two newspapers arc 
published here, the '*L. Enquirer" (whig), and the " L. Re- 
publican" (dem.), both issued weekly, and circulating about 
I,2U0 copies each. There are several other villages in the 
t. South Farms, Milton, etc. The t. has numerous manu- 
factures of woolens, paper, leather, iron, etc., and mills of all 
descriptions. It has also a good wholesale and retail trade, 
and is connected ^^ith the sea-board and interior by the 
Naugatuck R. R., which follows the valley of the river in 
the east border of the town. Pop. of t. 3,957. Litchfield has 
been the birthplace of many men distinguished in national 
history, science, and in literature. 

LiTcnriELD, p. v., and cap. Grayson co., Ky.: SS m. 
"W. S. W. Frankfort. It contains a court-house, jail, acad- 
emy, and several stores. The Xashville and Louisville R. R. 
will pass through it. 

LiTciiFTELP, t. and p. v., Kennebec co.. Me. : 12 m. S. "W. 
by S. Augusta. In the N. and E. are two large ponds, trih- 
utar>- to the Kennebec, which afford mill-sites. Surface 
rough in parts, and soil verj- productive of grain and pota- 
toes. The V. is in the N., and contains several stores. IVip. 
of t 2,106. 

LiTCirFiELD, t. and p. v.. Hillsdale co., MivJi. : 47 m. S. by 
"W. Lansing. Drained by St. Joseph's and Sandy rivers, 
which furnish excellent water privileges. Surface di\'ersi- 
fied; soil very productive of wheat. Sandstone and iron 
ore are found. The v. is on SL Joseph's r., and has exten- 
sive mills and a considerable trade. Pop. of 1. 1,362. 

LncnFiKLD, t and p. o., Herkimer co., N. Y. : 116 m. "W. 
by N. Albany. Surface broken, and soil calcareous loam. 
A farming town, well supplied with timber. Pop. 1,076. 

LiTcnFiELD, t. and p. o., Medina co., Ohio: 95 m. N. E. 
by N. Columbus. Drained by branches of Black r. Sur- 
face elevated, and soil fertile. Pop. 1,332. 



LIT 

LiTonFiELD, L and p. o., Bradford co., Penn. : on the N. 
line of the State, lU m. N. by E. Ilarrisburg. Drained by 
Weposseping cr. Surface rough, and soil adapted to gr:iZ- 
ing. It is mostly covered with fine limber, which consti- 
tutes its wealth. 

Litchfield Coeneks, p. c, Kennebec oo., Me, : 17 m. 
S. S. "\V. Augusta. 

LiTHGOw, p. 0., Duchess co., N. Y. : 59 m. S. Albany. 

LiTDOsiA, 8ta., De Kalb co., Ga. : 24 m. E. of Atlanta, on 
the Georgia R. R. 

LiTiioroLis, p. v., Fairfield county, Ohio: 15 m. S. E. 
Columbus. Pop. 386. 

LiTiz, p. v., Lancaster co., Pen7i. : 30 m. E. by 8. Harris- 
burg. It contains an academy, and about 500 inhabitants. 

LiTTLR Beaver Bridge, p. v., Columbiana co., Ohio: on 
Little Beaver cr., and Sandy and Beaver Canal, about 3 m. 
from the Ohio r., 136 m. E. by N. Columbus. 

Little Blue River, p. o., Shelby co., Ind. : near a branch 
of White r. so called, 25 m. E. S. E. Imlianapolis, 

Little Britain, p. o., Orange co., jV. Y.:\il m. S. by 
W. Albany. 

LiTTiJi; CArAPON, sta., Hampshire co.. Virg. : on the Bal- 
timore and Ohio R. R., 21 m. E. Cumberland. 

Little CnccKY, p. o., Greene county, Tenn. : 213 m. E. 
Nashville. 

Little Chute, p. v., Brown co.. Wise. : on the left bank 
of Neenah or Fox r., 103 m. N. N. E. Madison. The r. has 
a fall here of 33 feet in less than 2 m., and affords superior 
facilities for manufacturing. 

Little Compton, t. and p. o., Newport co., 7?. L : 25 m. 
3. S. E. Providence. It lies on the Atlantic, at the E. sido 
of Narragansclt Bay, and has a somewhat uneven surftice, 
and a very fertile and highly cultivated .soil. Farming is 
the chief pursuit, and wool, live stock, and dairy produce, 
the staples. At Seaconnet Point, in the S. W. corner, is a 
breakwater, erected by government. The t. is a favorite 
summer resort for those in search of sea-air. Pop. 1,402. 

Little Compton, p. o., Carroll co., Mo.: on Grand r., 
SS m. N. W. Jefferson City. 

Little Cheek, hund., Kent co., Del. : extends across the 
State, bounded S. by Dover hund., and N. by Little cr., con- 
taining 45,300 acres. Surface even, with small elevations in 
the W., and soil productive. Lumber is exported. Popu- 
lati.m 2,237. 

Little Creek, hum!., Sussex county, Del. : occupies the 
S. W. corner of the State, has a fertile soil, well timbered, 
and numerous mill-sites. Bog-iron ore is found. Area 
01,030 acres. Pop. 8.226. 

Little Creek Lanping. p. v., Kent co., Del. : on the cr. 
so called, about 8 m. N. E. Dover. 

Little Delaware river, A\ Y.: an affluent of the 
Moliawk or W. branch of Delaware r. It rises in the t. of 
Bovina, in Delaware co.. and flows "W. to its confluence. 

LiTiLE Detroit, p. v., Tazewell co., III. : on the left bank 
of Illinois r., Q& m. N. Springfield. 

Little Eagle, p. o., Scott co., Ky. : E. N. E. FrankforL 

Little E lkuart, p. o., Elkhart co., Ind.: 132 m. N. by E. 
Indianapolis. 

Little Falls, p. v., Passaic co., IT. Jer. : on the Passaic r., 
49 m. N. E. by N. Trenton. The r. here falls 33 feet, and 
furnishes immense water-power, used in extensive cottoa 
factories and large iron works. An excellent freestone is 
quarried here. The Morris Canal crosses the river on aa 
a(iueduct, 30 m. from Jersey City. Pop. 700. 

Little Falls. Herkimer co., y. Y. (see Eockton). 

Little Flat, p. o., Bath county, A'y.: 53 miles E. by 8. 
Frankfort. 

Little Gap, p. c. Carbon co., Pe?in. : 69 m. N. E. by E. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Little Gexesee, p. o., Alleghany co., K Y. : 233 m. 
W. by S. Albany. 

Little Grove, p. o., Montgomery county, Tenn. : 51 m- 
"W. N. W. Nashville. 

387 



LIT 

LiTJXE GusPOWDEE, p. o., Ballimore co., MiJ. : on \V. 
side of cr. so called, a m. from Gunpowder r., 84 m. N. by E. 
Annapolis. 

LmxE IIocKiiocKiNO, p. v., Washington co., Ohio : on 
the Oliio, at the moulh of the r. so called, 81 m. S. E. by E. 
Columbus. 

Utile Level, p. o., Tocahontas county, Virg. : near 
Greenbrier r., 165 m. W. by N. Kichmnnd. 

LiiTtpE Mabsh, p. 0., Tioga co., Pifiin. : 107 m. N. by W. 
Harri3l>urg. 

Little Me.vdo-w8, p. o., Susquehanna CO., Pain. : 119 m. 
N. N. E. Ilarrisburg. 

Little Mill Ceeek, p. o., Delaware CO., Otiio : .32 m. N. 
Columbus. 

Little Mills, p. o., Eiehmond CO., JK Otli: : 85 m. S. W. 
Kaleigh. 

Little Muddy, p. o., Franklin co., Jll. : about 1 m. E. of 
Litlle Muddy er., a branch of Big Muddy r., 132 m. S. by E. 
Springfield. 

Little Osage, p. o.. Bates co.. Mo. : on a branch of the 
Osage so called, 120 m. W. S. W. Jeffersou City. 

LiTiLE Pine Ciieek, p. o., Lycoming eo., i'mwi.: 82 m. 
N. N. W. Ilarrisburg. 

Little Pinet, p. o., Pulaski co., 3/0.: near the junction 
of LitUe Piney creek with Gasconade river, 43 m. S. by E. 
Jefferson City. 

Little Plymouth, p.. v.. King and Queen county, Virg. : 
83 m. E. by N. P.ichmond, It contains an academy and 
about 100 inhabitaiils. 

Little Pkaikie, p. o., Crawford CO., Mo. : 47 m. S. E. by S. 
Jefferson City. 

LmLE Peaieie, p. o., Cass county, Ga. : 132 m. N. W. 
MilledgeviUe. 

Little Pkaibie, p. o., Chatahoula parish. La. : 94 m. 
N. N. 'VV. Baton Eouge. 

Little Peaibie, p. v., Walworth co.. Wise. : D3 m. S. E. 
Madison. 

LiiTLE Peaikie Eonde, p. v., Cass county, Mich. ; 81 m. 
S. W. Lansing. 
Little P.est, p. 0., Duchess co., JV. J' 
Little P.itek, p. v., Blount co., Temi. : on a branch of 
Tennessee r. so caUed, 267 m. E. by S. Nashville. 

Little Kivee, p. o., Columbia Co., Flo!: : 91 m. E. by S. 
Tallahassee. 

Little P.ivee, p. o. Caldwell CO., A' Car.: on a branch 
of Catawba r., 149 m. W. by N. Raleigh. 

Little Eivei:, p. o., Horry dist., ,5. Car. : on a stream of 
that name, flowiug into the Atlantic, 12S m. E. by S. 
Columbia. 

Little P.ivee, p. o., Floyd eo., Tirg. : on a branch of 
New r., 171 m. W. 9. W. Richmond. 

Little P.ivee Tillage, p. v., Lincoln CO., Me. : near the 
junction of Little r. and the Androscoggin, 27 m. S. S. W. 
Augusta. It contains several mills .ind 400 inhabiUints. 

Little river : a tributary of Peedce river, and forms the 
boundary between North and South Carolina. 
Little river, A'y. : a tributary of Cumberland river. 
Little river, Jiid. : a tributary of Wabash r., which it 
enters above Vincennes. 

Little river, Ga.: a tributary of the Savannah, which it 
meets 80 m. above Augusta. It rises in Oglethorpe county, 
and in its course to the E. passes through Taliaferro, and 
between Wilkes and Lincoln on the N., and Warren and 
Columbia on the S., forming their boundaries. 

Little Rock. p. v., and cap. Pulaski county, Arl:: and 
capital of the Slate of Arkansas ; on the S. side of Arkansas 
river, 300 miles above its mouth— hit, 34° 40' N. and long. 
920 12' W.— 1,0S6 m. W. hy S. Washington. It was first 
settled in 1S29. The v., as its name imiilies, is situ.atc on a 
high rocky bluff, 150 to 200 feet above the r., and is the 
first place where rocks appear above its mouth. It is regu- 
larly laid out, the streets intersecting at right angles, and 
contains the State Uousc and the Slate Penitentiary, the 



LIT 

County Court-house, jail, etc., and a United Stales arsenal, 
the ofBces of the Surveyor General of Public Lands for the 
district of Arkansas, and a Register ami Receiver's Office. 
It has also numerous stores and warehouses, and several 
flour and saw mills, both steam and water. It has a 
large trade with the interior, and may be considered as the 
dep6t of all the region eNlending far into the Indian 
Territory. Many of the churehes are well built, and even 
elegant, and number some dozen, including the Catholic 
Cafhedral of SL Andrew. The Catholic Bishop of the 
diocese of Little Rock, and the Protestant Episcopal Bishop 
of the diocese of Arkansas reside in the village. There are 
several academies and schools, and in this connection it 
may be stated that the Calbolics have charge of the most 
enicient and flourishing. At Litlle Rock Is ibe head of 
ordinary steam navigation; during high flood, however, 
steamboats ascend the river to Fort Gibstm, 1,000 m. further 
up. Pop. about 4fi00. 

Little Rock, p. o., KendaU CO., lU. : 14G m. N. by E. 
Springfield. 

Little Rock Fisn, p. o., Cumberland co., A^ Car. : on a 
branch of Cape Fear r., 59 m. S. RalcTgh. 

LiTTLE-s, sta., UilLsboro' county, A^. Ilamp. : 11m. N. of 
Lowell, on Nashua and Lowell P.. R. 

Little Sandusky, p. v.,Wyandott Co., OMo: ona branch 
of Sandusky river, 63 m. N. by W. Columbus. It contains 
several stores and 300 inhabitiints. 

Little St. Josepu river, J>id. : a constituent of Maumee 
river. It rises in Ohio, and after pa.ssing through De Kalb 
and Allen counties of Indiana, joins SL M,ary's r. at Fort 
Waj-ne— the two forming the Maumee. II is otherwise 
called St. Joseph of Lake Erie. 

Little Sandy, p. o., Morgan co., Jy.: SS m. E. by S. 
Frankf.irt. 

Little Scioto, p. o., Marion CO., Ohio : 45 m. N. by W. 
Columbus. 

Little Skin Okeek, p. o., Lewis county, Ttrg. : 1S7 m. 
W. N. W. Richmond. 

Little Sodus, p. v., Cajniga CO., if. T. : on Little Sodus 
Bay, 161 m. W. by N. Albany. 

Little Sodos bay, Cayuga Co., JK T.: s. small inlet of 
Lake Ontario, about 3 m. deep and 1 m. wide. It is situate 
about IS m. E. of Sodus Bay, in the town of Sterling, and 
receives near its outlet Sodus cr. The water is deep, but a 
bar obstructs the entrance from the lake. 

LiTTLESTOTYN, p. v., Adams CO., renn. : 34 m. S. S. W. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Littleton, p. v., Schuyler CO., III.: 43 m. W. N. W. 
Sprinifleld. 

Littleton, t and p. v., Middlesex CO., MaiS. : 24 m. 
N. W. by W. Boston. Drained by Stony Brook, a branch 
of the Merrimae, and Beaver r., a branch of Concord r., 
which supply it with water-power. Surface uneven, and 
soil generally of good quality. Superior rye and hops aro 
raised, and flue dairies kept. Various small factories occupy 
the streams, which aro fed by two large ponds. A variety 
of limestone is quarried. The Fitehburg R. R. crosses the 
t., and has a sla. 31 m. from Boston. Pop. of t. 991. 

Littleton, t. and p. v., Grafton CO., y. Ilamp. : 76 m. 
N. by W. Concord. The t. extends 14 m. on the Connec- 
ticut r., which, for the whole distance, has an impetuous cur- 
rent that no boat can stem, known as the Fifleen Mile Falls. 
Surface broken by numerous high hills, and soil adapted to 
grazing chiefly. Drained S. by Ammonoosuc r., on which 
are fertile meadows ; and the v., which is at the falls, con- 
tains .several mills and factories. Pop. of t 2,008. 
LiTTLiTON.p. o., Morris co., K ,/«■..■ 44 m. N. N. E. Trenton. 
Littleton, p. o. and sta., Halifax CO., X. Cur. : 03 m. 
N. E. by N. Raleigh. It is on the Gaston and Raleigh E. R., 
9 m. from Gaston. 

Littleton, p. o. and sta., P.ichland disl., f. Car.: at the 
junction of Little and Broad rivers by the Greenville and 
Columbia E. E., 15 m. from Columbia. 



LIT 



LIV 



Littleton, p. o., Sussex county, Virg. : 46 m. S. by E. 
Eichmond. 

Little Traverse bay, Mich, : in the N W. prtrt of the 
Lower Pi-ninsula. It has the best harbor N. of Grand r. 
and Saginaw J!ay. The anchorage is good, and vessels 
mny come wthin 10 R-et of the sijore. 

Little Utica, p. o., Onondaga co., K. Y. : 126 m. "W. by N. 
Albany. 

Lm-LE Tallet, t, p. v., and sta., Cattaraugus co,, K. Y. : 
2S'2 ni. W. by 9. Albany. Intersected by Alleghany r., and 
drained by its branches, whicti furnish many mill-sites. 
Surface l>rnken, and soil of average fertility. Timber is 
plenty. The Erie R. K. crosses the K. part of the t., and the 
sta. is 3S m. E. of Dunkirk. Pop. I,8>i3. 

Little Woods, p. v., Kane co.. ///. .- about 2 m. E. of Fox 
r., and ne;ir the Galena and Chicago Union E. E., 172 m. 
N. N. E. Ppringtield. 

Little Vadkin, p. o., Plokes co., JV. Cur.: on a branch 
of Yadkin r.. US m. W. N. W. Raleigh. 

Little York, p. v., Warren co., III. : on S. side of Hender- 
son's r.. 101 m. N. W. by N. Springfield. 

Little York, p. o., AVashington co., Ind. : 74 m. S. by E. 
Indianapolis. 

Little York. p. o., Hunterdon co., A^. Jer. 

LrTTLE Yore, p. o., Cortlandt co., 2^. Y. : 12G m. W. 
Albany. 

LnTLE York, p. v.. Montgomery co., Ohio: on the Miami 
r., (J7 m. W. by S. Columbus. 

LiTWALTON, p. o., Lancaster co., llrg.: 51 m. E. by N. 
Eichmond. 

Lively, p. v., St. Clair co., liL : on the left bank of Kas- 
kaskia r., 105 m. 9. Springlield. 

Lively Oak, p. o., Lancaster county, Virg. : 54 m. E. 
Eii'bmon<l. 

Live Oak, p. o., Ascension par.. La. : 26 m. S. S. E. Baton 
E<Aige. 

Live Oak, p. o., Dewitt co., Tea: : S6 m. S. S. E. Austin 
City. 

LivERMOEE, p. o., Ohio county, ICi/.: US m. W. S. W. 
Frank fori. 

LivF.RMORE, t. and p. o., Oxford co., 3fc.: on the riglit 
bank of Androscoggin r.,22 m. W. Augusta. Soil excellent, 
and large crops of wheat and potatoes are raised. The r. 
has a large descent, and moves several factories and mills. 
Pop. 1,764. 

LrvERMORE. p. v., Westmoreland co., Penn.: on the S. 
side of Conemaugh r., 127 ni. W. by N. Ilarrisbnrg. The 
Pennsylvania Canal passes Ihrough it. 

LivERMORE Centre, p. o., Oxford co., JM ; 24 m. W. 
Augusta. 

LrvERMOEE Falls, p. v., Kennebec co.. 2f'\ : on the left, 
bank of Andmseoggin r., 23 m. W. N. W. Augusta. The r. 
furnishes excellent water-power, whicli is improved to move 
several factories, mills, and mechanic shops. The Andros- 
coggin E. E. temiinatos here, 20 m. from it.s junction with 
the Androscoggin and Kennebec E. E. Pop. 4S0. 

Liverpool, p. v.. Onondaga co., X. Y. : on the E. side of 
Onondaga Lake, 182 m. W. by N. Albany. The manufac- 
ture of salt from the springs here is the principal business 
of the v., and the produce in 1S50 was (>4S,S32 bushels of fine 
or table-salt. It is on the Oswego Canal, 5 m. N. of its junc- 
tion with the Erie Canal at Syracuse, and contains a dozen 
stores, ami about 1,000 inhabitants. 

LivEKi'ooL. L and p. o., Medina county, Ohio: 99 m. 
N. E. by N. Columbus. Drained by Eocky r., which fur- 
nishes water-power. Surface somewhat Ijroken, and soil 
fertile. Iron ore, salt, sulphur, and rock qil are found. 
Pop. 2.164. 

LivF.EPOoL. t. and v., Columbia co., Ohio : 132 m. E. N. E. 
Columbus. The Ohio r. flows on iLs S. boundary. The v. 
is situate on the r., about 50 m. below Pittsburg, and has 
f35 inhabitants. The manufacture of earthen-ware is car- 
ried on extensively. Pop, of t. 1,564. 



Liverpool, t. and p. b.. Perry co., Penn. : on tlie W. 
side of Sus(|uehaTma r., 24 m. N. by W. Harrisburg. Sur- 
face rougli in parLs, with rich loamy valleys. It is well sup- 
plied with water-power and limber, and has many flour and 
saw mills. The v. is on the r., at the mouth of a cr., and 
contains several stores and establishments for making iron. 

LivKHP' toy., p. o., Brazoria co., Tex. : on Chocolate 
Bayou, 157 m. E. S. E. Austin City. 

Liverpool, p. v., Fulton co., III. : on the right bank of 
Illinois r., 44 ra. N. N. W. Springfield. 

LiviNGsTo.v county, III. Situate N. E., and contains 
1,029 sq. m. Drained by Vermillion r. of the Illinois and 
its branches. Surface level ; soil fertile. It consists mostly 
of extensive prairies, some of which are low and wet, with 
iiiV! streams, and little timber. It has some water-power, 
and in parts, deposits of coal and limostcnie. Farms 1S5; 
manuf. 0; dwell. 261. and pop. — wh. 1,552, ft. ooi. — 
total 1,552. Capital: Pontiac. 

Livingston county, Kij. Situate W., and contains 236 
sq. m. Bounded N. and W. by the Ohio, and S. by the 
Tennessee, and intersected by the Cumberland, Surface 
pleasantly varied, and soil very productive. Tobacco is the 
farnsing staple, but corn and wheat are fine crops. It cx- 
piirlsa great deal of pork, and manufactures lealhcr. and 
agricultural machinery. Farms 4'^5 : nianiif 13 ; dwell. 915, 
and pop.— wh. 5,404, fr. col. 56, si. 1,118— total 6,57S. Cap' 
ital: Salem. 

Livingston parish. La. Situate S. E., and contains 786 
sq. m. Bounded W. and S. by Ainitie r. and Lake Mau- 
repas, into which it flows, and E. by Tangipahoa r., enter- 
ing Lake Pontehartrain, between which are Tickfaw r. and 
many small streams. Surface level, with extensive marshes ; 
soil fertile. Cotton, corn, and rice, are staples. There are 
on some of its streams water-privileges, which arc profit- 
ably employed. Farms 219 ; manuf. 13; dwell. 4S0, and 
pop,_«h. 2,523, fr. col. 20, si. S42— total 3,3$5. Capital: 
Springfield. Public Works: New Orleans, Jackson, and 
Northern E. K. 

Livingston county, Mich. Situate S. E., and contains 
576 sq. m. Drained N. by heads of Shiawassee r.. W. by 
heads of Cellar r.. a branch of Grand r., and S. by hea<ls of 
Huron r. Surface undulating. The N. is heavily timbered ; 
the S. is open land, a black, sandy, or clayey loam, and su- 
perior for grain-growing. The grain and pork are the ex- 
l)orls. It has numerous ponds and streams, furnishing 
abundant water-power for its growing manufactures. Good 
iron ore is extensively foimd, and salt springs in parts. 
Farms 1,644; manuf. 40; dwell. 2.363, and pop.— wh. 13,4S1, 
fr. col. 4— total 13.485. Capital: Howell. 

Livingston county. Mo. Situate N. W., and contains 
537 sq. m. Drained by Grand r. and its affluents. Meiiicine, 
Indian, and Shoal creeks, and Crooked Fork. Surface un- 
dulating or level ; soil fertile, well timbered, and much of it 
excellent pasture. Corn is the staple product, and pork a 
large and the cliief export. Farms 457; manuf. 2; dwell. 
6riS, and pop.— wh. 3,933, fr. col. 6, si. 303— total 4,247. 
Capital: Chillicothe. 

Livingston county, 2^. F. Situate W. middle, and con- 
tains 56:3 sq. m. Drained by Genesee r. and its branches, 
Cashaqua and Canaseraga rivers, and Conesus outlet. 
The last carries to it the water of Conesus Lake, which, 
with Hemlnck Lake, lies in the co.. and both feed its tribu- 
taries. Surface elevated in the S., and slopes toward Lake 
Ontario in two terraces divided N. and S. by the Genesee, 
which flows in a deep valley of 3 or 4 miles widlb. Soil 
very fertile; a sandy loam mixed with decomposed lime- 
stone, on which the co. rests, and especially adapted to 
graiiL Wheat, pork, and cattle, are the great staples. But- 
ter, wool, corn, and oats, are large exports, and in the Gen- 
esee valley great quantities of hemp and flax are grown. 
It has abundant water-power, and extensive manufactures 
of flour, paper, iron, leather, lumber, etc., and unsurpassed 
facilities for reaching markets in all parts of the Union. 

SS9 



LIV 



IOC 



Gypsum is abundant ; bog-iron ore and suit springs arc 
found, and sulphur springs, long known and visited by the 
Indians, and now widely celebrated. Farms 2,503; raanuf. 
863; dwell. 7,172, and pop. wh. 40,600, fr. col. 1S5— total 
40,875. Ciipitftl: Geneseo. PuhUc Wurk-t: Genesee Val- 
ley Canal ; Buffalo, Corning, and New York K. 11 ; Canan- 
daigua and Niagara Falls R. K., etc. 

Livingston, p. v., and cap. Sumter co., Ala.:r\CMV Su- 
quinochee r., a branch of the Tonibigltec, 107 m. W. by N. 
Slonlgoiiicry. It Ciinlains a court-house, jail, academy, and 
350 inhabiUiutfl. The ":5umter County Whig" is published 
weekly. 

Livingston, p. v., Clark co., ///. ; about 10 m. W. of 
"Wabash r., 112 ra. E. by B. Springfl.-ld. 

Livingston, t. and p. v., Livingston co., J/i'c/i. ; 45 m. 
E. S. E. Lansing. It occupies high land on Woodruff's cr., 
which has a large fall, and moves several mills. Pop. 450. 

Livingston, p. o., Madison co., Mifis. : 16 in. N. Jackson. 

Livingston, p. v., and cap. Polk co., Tex. : on thf; E. side 
of Long King cr. of Trinity r., 16s m. E. by N. Austin 
City. It is surrounded by rich cotton plantations, and con- 
tains a court-house and several stores. 

Litingston, t. and p. o., Essex co., JV^ Jer. : on the E. 
Bide of Passaic r., 42 m. N. N. E. Trenton. Short Hills or 
Second Mountains occupy the E., but the W. is more even ; 
soil of average fertility. Pop. 1.151. 

Livingston, t. and p. o., Columbia co., 2f. Y.: on the E. 
side of Hudson r., 35 m. S. Albany. Drained by Cop:ike 
and Eocliff Jansen'a creeks. Surface varied ; soil clayey 
or gravelly loam. It belongs to the Livingston manor, and 
has in it several furnaces, flouring mills, and other manu- 
factories. The Hudson Eiver R. K. passes through it. 
Pop. 2,023. 

LmNGSTON, p. v., and cap. Overton co., Tenn. : 79 ra. 
E. by N. Nashville. It contains a court-house, several 
stores, and 150 inhabitants. 

LiviNGSTONTiLLE, p. v., Schoharic county, 2r. T. : 27 m. 
W. S. W. Albany. 

Livonia, p. v., "Washington co., I7id. : S2 m. W. S. W. 
Indianapolis. 

Livonia, p. o., Point Coupee par., La.: 37 m. N. W. 
Baton Rouge. 

Livonia, t. and p. o., Wayne co., 3fic?i. : 62 m. E. S. E. 
Lansing. Drained by Power's and BclPs creeks, and W. 
branch of Rouge r, affording good mill-seats. Surface 
rolling; soil clayey loam, and, fine grazing land, generally 
Umbered. Pop. 1,376. 

Livonia, t. and p. o., Livingston county, A"! Y.: 204 m- 
W. by N. Albany. Drained by the outlets of Hemlock and 
Conesus Lakes, which lie partly in it. Surface rolling; soil 
loam, on a substratum of limestone, and very fertile of 
grain. It has an academy, and several flouring mills and 
woolen factories. Tlie Buffalo, Corning, and New York 
E. R. passes through it. Pop. 2,627. 

LrvoNiA Centre, p. o., Wayne co., Mich. : 66 m. E. S. E. 
Lansing. 

Llewellyn, p. v., Schuylkill co., Penn. : 42 m. N. E- 
Harrisburg. 

Llo\T), t. and p. o., Ulster co,, y. Y. : on Iho W. side of 
Hudson r., 63 m. S. Albany. Surface somewhat hilly ; soil 
loam, overlying limestone. It has some water-power on 
Black cr. and the Wallkill, and is a superior farming region. 
Incorporated in 1S45. Pop. 2,035. 

LLOYD!i» p. 0., Essex county, Virg. : 89 miles N. N. E. 
Richmond. 

Lloyd's Neck, Queen's co., 2f. Y. : a peninsula on the N. 
side of Long Island, in the t. of Oyster Bay. It has Hunt- 
ington Bay on the E., and Oyster Bay on (he W., with a 
deep indentation from Huntington Bay on the S., called 
Lloyd's Harbor. 

LoAntAroKA, p. o., Macon co., Ala. ; on the line of (he 
Montgomery and West Point R. R., 53 miles E. by N. 
Montgomery. 
890 



LoAG, p. o., Chester oo., Penn, : 54 m. E. by S. Harrisbtu^, 

LoBAcnsviLLE, p. o., Bcrks count)*, Penn. : 54 miles E. 
Harrisburg. 

Lohdell's Storr, p. 0., W. Baton Rougo par., La. 

Local, p. c, Talladega CO., Ala.: 71 m. N. by E. 
Montgomery. 

Location, p. o., Coweta county, Ga. : 92 m. W. by N. 
Milledgeville. 

Lock, p. o., Knox co., Ohio : 47 m. HT. E. Columbus. 

Lock Berlin-, p. v., Wayne eo., y. Y. : 169 m. W. by N. 
Albany. It is 4 m, E. of Lyons, on the Erie Canal. 

LocKBonENE, p. v., Franklin co., Ohio: on Big Walnut 
cr., 11 m. S. by E. Columbus. The Ohio Canal passes 
through it. 45 m. from Newark, and a branch diverges 
hence to Columbus. 

Locke, t. and p. o., Cayuga co., y. Y. : 133 m. W. Albany. 
Drained by Owasco inlet, which affonls power for several 
flour-mills and woolen factories. Surface hilly ; soil gravelly 
loam, raising fine crops of grass. Pop. 1,47S. 

Locke, p. c, Elkhart county, Jnd. : 124 m. N. by E. 
Indianapolis. 

Locke's Mills, p. o., Miffin co., Penn. : 47 m. W. N. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Locke's Mills, p. v. and sta., Oxford co., Me. : near the 
head of Alder r., 45 m. W. Augusta. Tlie sta. is 65 m. from 
Portland, on the Atlantic and St. Lawrence R. R. 

LocKiiAKT. p. v., and cap. Caldwell co., Teac. : on Plum 
cr. of the San Marcos, 24 m. S. by E. Austin City. It lies in 
a flue grazing and mineral district, and contains a court- 
bouse, academy, several stores, and 300 inhabitants. 

Lociuiabt's Store, p. o.. Holmes co., Miss. : 2 m. W. Big 
Blat-k r.. 57 m. N. N. E. Jackson. 

Lock Haven, p. b., and cap. Clinton co., Petvn. : between 
anil near the confluence of Bald Eagle cr., and the Susque- 
hanna, 67 m. N. N. W. Harrisburg. The Pennsylvania 
Canal here crosses the Susquehanna, and proceeds up the 
valley of Bald Eagle cr. to Bellefonte. It contains a court- 
house, academy, and several stores and warehouses, and has 
an extensive trade. The " C. Tribune" (whig), and " C. 
Democrat'' are published weekly. 

Lockington, p. v., Shelby county, Ohio: 6S m. W. by N. 
Columbus. 

Locklanp, p. o., Macon county, Ala, : 53 m. E. by 3. 
Montgomerj'. 

LocKLAND, stfl., Hamilton co., Ohio: en the Cincinnati, 
Hamilton, and Dayton R. R. 11 m. from Cincinnati. 

Lock Leven, p. o., Lunenburg co., Yirg. : 53 m. S. W. 
Richmond. 

Lock Lomond, p. o., Goochland co., Yirg. : W. N. W. 
Richmond. 

LocKPORT, p. v.. Will CO., PI. : on the E. side of Dcs 
Plaines r., 151 m. N. E. by N. Springfield. It is on the Illi- 
nois and Michigan Canal, 6 m. from Joliet. with 50 feet 
descent by locks between. This, and 15 feet fall in the Des 
Plaiues. near the v., furnish abundant water-power, and 
large quarries of limestone ample building material. It has 
valuable mamifaelurcs, an extensive trade, and 1,S00 inhab- 
itants. The " L. Telegraph" is published weekly. 

LocKPORT, p. v., Carroll co., Jnd.: on the N. bank of 
Wabash r., 67 m. N. N. W. Indianapolis. It is on the Wa- 
bash and Erie Canal, 17 m. from Logansport. 

LocKPoRT, p. o., Henry co., Ki/. : N. W. Frankfort. 

LocKPORT, t., p. v., and cap. Niagara co., y. Y.: 249 m. 
W. by N. Albany. Lat. 43° 11' N., and long. 7S0 46' W. 
Drained by streams flowing N. into Lake Ontario, and S. 
into Tonawanda cr. Surface elevated and varied, sloping 
from a ridge or terrace which forms the water-shed dividing 
ttie streams above noticed. Soil calcareous and saTidy loam, 
very fertile, and admirably adapted to grazing. There are 
extensive quarries of fine building-stone in the town. The 
v., one of the most prosperous of the W. section of the State, 
is situate on the line of the Erie Canal, SI m. from Buffjilo, 
and on tho Canandaigua and Niagara Falls E. U., 23 m. 



LOG 



LOG 



Irnm Niagara Falls. The business aclivity depending on 
these avenues of commcreo is immense ; and iho water- 
power created by the surplus of the canal, which here rises 
60 feet by locks, is of the greatest importance to the manu- 
facturing interests of the place. Among the large number 
of manutaelurea carried on, especial meution may be made 
of its c "tton and woolen mills, its furnaces, its machine-shops, 
agricultural machinery and iniplement factories, and of its 
flouring, grist, saw, plaster, and other mills, and in the neigli- 
borhood nianufacturcs are rapidly springing into existence. 
Four banks are located here. The village contains a court- 
house, jail, and other county buildings, 17 or IS churches ol 
various denominations, several good schools and academies, 
and numerous common schools, and has a public press num- 
bering f)ur separate publications, viz.: the "L. Courier" 
(wliig). daily and weekly, the "Niagara Democrat" (dera.), 
the "Niagara Cataract" (F. S.), and the "Iris of Niagara" 
(lit.), all weekly issues. The v. was incorporated in 1827^ 
ami will jirobably, at no distant period, be entered on the 
list of cities. The population of the t. in ls:30 was 3,S23; in 
1S40 it was 9,125, an<l in ISoO 12,32-3, having increased from 
1S30 in the decennial ratio of 13S-68 and 35-04 per cent The 
railroad from Canandaigua has been opened since the lat- 
ter periivi, and its aecess eastward thus fully established, 
whieh will greatly accelerate its growth in wealth and popu- 
latiou. 

LocKPORT, sta., Westmoreland co., Pemu: on the W. di- 
vision of the Pennsylvania II. 11., 65 m. E. of I'ittsburg. 
Here is a thriving v., with a l>risk trade, on the Conemaugh 
r. and \V. division Canal, and a charcoal furnace of ],0U0 
tons annual capaeity. 

LocKPOBT, p.^v., Williams co., OJdo: on W. side of Tiffin 
cr., 12S m. N. W. by N. Columbus. 

LocKPOP.T.v., Licking CO., Ohio : on the Ohio Canal, 31 ra. 
E. by N. Culumbvis. Population 42. 

LocKPORT, v., Tuscarawas co., Ohio : on the Oliio Canal, 
about a mile S. of New Philadelphia, and S3 m. E. N. K. 
Cohimbus. Pop. 17S. 

LocKiiiDGE, p. v., Jefferson county, 7a. .- 47 m. S. by W. 
Iowa City. 

Look's Village, p. v., Franklin co., Mass. : 71 m. W. by 
N. Boston. 

LocKviLLE, p. v., Fairfield co., Ohio : 17 m. S. E. by E. 
Columlnis* It is on the Ohio Cana!, 30 m. from Newark. 

LocKwooD, p. 0., Sussex co., A^. Jer. : 49 m. N. Trenton. 

Loco Pp.AiEiE, p. v., M'lleiiry co., HI. : ISO m. N. by E. 
Spririgtleld. 

LocrsT BATOir. p. o., Washita co., Arl\: on an affluent 
of Washita r. so called, 9S m. S. S. W. Little Koek. 

Locust Cohner, p. o., Clermont co., Ohio: 7G m. S. W. 
Columbus. 

Locust Creek, p. o., Louisa county, Virg,: 29 m. N. W. 
Eichmond. 

Locust Dale, p. o,, Madison co., Virg.: on a branch of 
Eapid Ann r., 62 m. N. W. Kichmond. 

Locust Gp.ov'E, p. o., Searcy co., Arl:: 03 m. N. by AV. 
Little Kock. 

Locust Grove, p. o., Henry co., Oa. : 5G m. W. N. W. 
Millcdgeville. 

Locust Grove, p. o., Callaway county, Kt/. : 112 m. 
B. W. by W. Frankfort. 

Locust Grove, p. v., Williamson co., ///. ; 14G m. S. S. E. 
Springfleld. 

Locust Grove, p. v., Adams co., Ohio: on the E. side 
of Bnish cr.. 67 m. S. by W. Columbus. 

Locust Gro^-e, p. o., Weakly co., Tenn. : 9S m. W. by N. 
Nashville. 

Locust Grove, p. o., Orange co., Tirg.: 5S m. N. W. 
Eichmond. 

Locust Grove, p. o., Montgomery county, Jnrl, : 44 m. 
W. N. W. Indianapolis. 

Locust Grove, p. o., Henry c«., 3/b. ; about 3 m. S. of 
Grand r., 76 m. W. by S. Jefferson City. 



Locust IIill, p. o., Caswell co., N. Car. : 66 m. N. W. 
Ealeigh. 

Locust Hill, p. o., Washington county, Peiin. : 141 W. 
Harrisburg. 

Locust Hill, p. o., Anderson district, S. Car. : 105 m. 
W. N. W. Columbia. 

Locust Lane, p. o., Fayette co., Virg. : 194 m. W. by N. 
Richmond. 

Locust Mills, p. o., Bracken co., Kt/. : 53 m. N. E. by E. 
Frankfort. 

L0CU6T Mount, p. o., Accomac co., Virg. : % m. E. N. E. 
Richmond- 

Locust Mount, p. o., Washington co., Tenn.: 23S m. 
E. Nashville. 

Locust Shade, p. 0., Overton county, Tenn. : 82 m. E. 
Nashville. 

Locust Spring, p. v., Macoupin co., IlL : 27 m. S. S. W. 
Springfield. 

Locust Spring, p. 0., Cumberland county, Ky. : 106 m. 
S. by W. Frankfort. 

Locust Tree, p. o., Niagara co., .V; T. .'(SOS m. W. by N. 
Albany. 

Locustvtlle, p. 0., Accomac co., Virg. : 89 m. E. by N. 
Eichmond. 

LoDDY, p. o., Hamilton co., Tenn. : near Saluda cr. of tho 
Tennessee, 79 m. E. 9. E. Nashville. 

LoDi, t. and p. o., Bergen county, 2^. Jer. : 53 m. N. E. 
Trenton. It is mostly level, and lies between Hackensack r. 
on the E. and the Passaic and its branch, Saddle r., on the 
W., which furnish good mill-sites. The Union R. R. crosses 
the Pa-ssaic on its W. border, 12 m. from New York. 
Pop. 1.113. 

Loi.i. p. o., Coweta county, Ga.: 106 m. W. by N. 
Milledgeville. 

Loin. p. o., Choctaw co., J//.*.-*.; fi^ ra. N. N. E. Jackson. 

LoDi, p. v., Clark CO., ///. .■ 106 m. E. by S. Springfield. 

Loin, t, and p. o., W.ashtenaw co.,3fic?i.: 52 m. S. E. 
Lansing. Surface level, and soil admirably adapted to 
grazing. Fop. 1,2^*4. 

Loot, t. and p. v., Seneca co., jV. T. : on the E. side of 
Seneca Lake, HU m. W. Albany. Surface rolling; soU 
clayey loam, antl very fertile. Farming is the chief pursuit 
Gypsum is found. Pop. 2.269. 

LoDi, t. and p. o., Columbia co.. Wise. : on the E. side of 
Wisconsin r., IS m. N. Madison. Drained by Ockee cr. It 
has a good soil and excellent timber. Pop. 30S. 

Loni. p. v., Medina co,, Ohio : on E. branch of Black r., 
S" m. N. E. by N. Columbus. It contains several mills and 
200 inhabitants. 

Loni, sta,, Seneca co., Ohio: 23 m. from Sandusky on the 
Mad River and Lake Erie E. E. 

Loni, p. o.. Abbeville dist., S. Car. : about 2 m. W. of 
Saluda r., 56 m. W. by N. Columbia. 

LoDi, p. o., Jackson co., T&nn. : 67 m. E. N. E. Nashville 

Loni Bar, p. 0., Sumter dist, S. Car.: E. Columbia. 

Loiu Centre, p. o., Seneca co., N. T. : 161 m.W. Albany 

LoDiviLLE, p. v.. Parke co., TnO. : on the E. bank of Wa- 
bash r.. 44 m. W. by N. Indianapolis. It is at the mouth 
of Coal cr. and on the Wabash and Erie Canal. 

LoiioRE, p. 0.. Amelia co., Virg. : 32 m. S. W. Richmond. 

Logan county, Ul. Situate centrally, and contains 533 
sq. m. Drained l»y Salt cr., a branch of Sangamon r., and 
its affluents, Lake Fork. Sugar, and Kickapoo creeks. Sur- 
face undulating and nearly level-; soil exceedingly fertile, 
being mostly rich prairie with occasional groves of Mmber, 
and producing large crops of corn and whi-at wit.'i little 
effort. It is especially adapted to grazing, and live-stock, 
beef, and pork, are the exports. Farms 476; manuf 14; 
dwell. «i35, and pop.— wh. ."1.12?. fr. col. 0— total 5,123. Cop- 
ittd: Postvillc. Piihlic Works: Central K- R. ; Chicago 
and Mississippi R. E. 

Logas county, K>f. Situate S. W.. and contains 591 
eq m. Drained S. by Red and Big Whippoorwill rivers. 

891 



LOG 



LON 



branches of llie Cumber I iitid, unci N. by Elk Lick, Wolf 
Lick, and Big Mudily rrecks of Orcon r. Surface clevalcd 
table-land; soil geUL-rnlly fertile. Tobacco, com, oats, and 
wheat are staple products. It has flnc faeililica for manu- 
factures, and they are extensively imprcved in produciiijL; 
woolen and cotton goods, flour, leather, earthen-ware, etc. 
Farms 1,130 ; manuf. 4i) ; dwell. 1,917, and pop.— wh. 10,751, 
fr col. 363, si. 5,467-— totallG.fiSl. Otpitnl: Kusaellville. 

Logan county, Ohio. Situate W. centrally, and contains 
43S sq. m. Drained E. by Kush, MiU, and Big Darby creeks 
of the Scioto; W, by Little Miami and branches, Stony 
and Cherokee creeks, etc. Surface undulating or slightly 
broken; soil productive and well adaiilej to grain. Cum 
is the etiiplc. Wheat is a successftd crop and pork an ex- 
port It has many mill-streams and nourishing factories, 
with convenient markets. Farms 1,626; numuf. SS; dwell. 
8,243, and pop.— wh. 1S,631, fr. col. 531— total 19,162. Cap- 
iUd: Bellefontaine. Fuhltc Works: BeUefonlaino and In- 
diana R. E. ; Mad River and Lake Eric K. R., etc. 

Logan county, Virg. Situate S. W., a?id contains 702 
sq. m. Tug fork of Big Sandy r. bounds it W., the Guyan- 
dotte and branches drain it E., and Laurel and Caney creeks 
flow between into the Ohio. Surface hilly and broken ; soil 
fertile, and excellent pasturage. Corn, oats, and potatoes 
are staples. It has flne mill-streams, which are used prin- 
cipally to work up the timber of the higher portions. Farms 
469; manuf. 0; dwell. 572, and pop.— wh. 3,533, fr. col. {}, 
8l. 67— total 3,620. Capital: Logan C. H. 

Logan, p. v., Dearborn county, Ind. : 74 m. E. 8. E. 
Indianapolis. 

Logan, p. c, Tompkins co., 2^. T. : 161 m. W. Albany. 

Logan, p. v., and cap. Hocking co., Ohio : on the N. 
bank of Hocking r., 42 m. S. E. Columbus. It contains a 
court-house, jail, academy, and several mills. Excellent 
water-power is furnished by the falls, which are 1 m. above 
the v. The "H. Sentinel'' (dem.), and " H. Valley Repub- 
lican" (whig), are published weekly. The Hocking Canal 
passes through the v. 2S m. from Athens. Pop. 793. 

Logan, p. o., Laclede county, Mo. : 69 m, 8. by W. 
Jefferson City. 

Logan C. H., p. v., and cap. Logan co,, Virg.: on the 
right bank of Guyandotte r., 24t m. W. Richmond. It con- 
tains a cnurt-house and several stores. 

Logan Mili5, p. o., Clinton co., Pemi. : 59 m. N. N. W. 
Harrisburg. A charcoal furnace of SOO tons annual capa- 
city is located here. 

Logan's Ckeek, p. c, Reynolds co., 3Xo. : 127 m. S. S. E. 
Jefferson City. 

Logan's Ferky, p. o., Alleghany co., Penn. : 123 m. W. 
Harrisburg. 

LoGANSPORT, p. v., De Soto par.. La. : on the left bank of 
Sabine r., 191 m. N. W. by W. Baton Rouge. 

LoGANSPORT, p. v., and cap. Cass co., Ind.: at the junc- 
tion of Eel r. with the Wabash. 63 m. N. by W. Indian- 
apolis. It is at the head of steamboat navigation, and just 
below the falls, which furnish immense water-power, and has 
a large trade, by river, canal, and plank-roada, with the fer- 
tile region on every side; the products of which are ship- 
ped here for the E. and 8. markets. It contiuns a court- 
house and jail, 2 banks, an academy, several largo mills, and 
8,000 inhabitants. The " L. Journal" (whig), and the " Dem- 
ocratic Pharos," are published weekly. 

Logan's Store, p. o., Rutherford co., JV. Car.: 211 m. 
W. by S. Raleigh. 

LoGANViLLE, p. V., Logau CO., Oldo: on Miami r., 54 m. 
W. N. W. Columbus. 

LoGANviLLE, p. V., Tork CO, Penn. : 26 m. S. Harrisburg. 

Log Cabin, p. o. Morgan co., Ohio: 64 m. E. S, E. 
Columbus. 

Log Lice, p. o. Switzerland county, Ind. : 87 m. S. E. 
Indianapolis. 

LoGTowN, p. 0., Wachita par., La. : 101 m. N. N. W. 
Baton Rouge. 



LoMBABDY, p. 0., Columbia co., Ga.: 69 m. £. N. £> 

Milledgeville. 

LoMBARDY Grove, p. o., Mecklenburg co., Ttrg. : 63 nL 
S. 8. W. Richmond. 

LoMiRA, L and p. o., Dodge co., in.?c. ; 62 m. N. E. 
Madison. Drained by heads of Rock r, furnishing good 
mill-seats. Surface varied, and soil excellenU Pop. 65=3. 

LoNACONiNG, p. v., Alleghany co., 3Id. : on W. side of 
George's cr., about 6 m. from the Potomac, 141 m. W. N. W 
Annapolis. It is in the mining region, and connected by a 
private railway with the Baltimore and Ohio R. R. A 
furnace here producing 3,000 tons of iron per annum. 

London, p. v., and cap. Laurel co., Ay. ; S3 m. S. S. E. 
FrankforL It consists of a conrt-house and a few dwellings. 
The Knoxville and Lexington R. R. will pass through it. 

London, t. and p. o., Monroe co., Mich. : 67 ra. S. E. 
Lansing. Drained by Stony cr. and a branch of River 
Raisin. Surface level, and well-tuubcrcd ; soil very pro- 
ductive of wheat. Pop. 626. 

London, p. v., Mercer co., Penn. : 133 m. W. N. W. 
Harrisburg. 

London, p. v., and cap. Madison co., Ohio : 35 m. W. by 9. 
Columbus. It contains a court-lu)iise. jail, and an academy, 
and has a large trade in domestic products. The Columbus 
and Xenia R. R. passes through it, 35 m. from Xeuio. The 
"L. Sentinel" is published weekly. Pop. 513. 

London Bridge, p. o., Princess Anne co., Yirg. : 86 m. 
E. 8. E. Richmond. 

London Crrr, p. v., Fayette co., JU.: &4 m. 8. E. by S, 
Springfield. 

Londondekey, t and p. v., Rockingham co., K. Ilamp. : 
29 m. S. by W. Concord. Drained by Beaver r., a branch 
of the Merriraac, which touches the N. W. comer. Surface 
uneven ; soil fertile, making it a very superior farming and 
dairy district. The Manchester and Lawrence R. R. crosses 
the N. part, and the sta. is 6 m. S. of its connection with the 
Concord R. R. at Manchester. The v. is in the S., and con- 
tains an exceUent and well-endowed academy. Population 
of 1. 1,731. 

Londonderry, t. and p. o., Guernsey co., Ohio: SS m. 
E. by N. Columbus. Drained by a branch of Tuscarawas r. 
Surface rolling, and soil excellent for grass and grain. 
Pop. 1,551. 

Londonderry, t and p. o., Windham co., Venn. : 74 m. 
W. by 8. Montpelier. Drained by branches of West r., 
which famish good water-power. Surface uneven ; soil on 
the streams ver>- fertile— in the higher parts fit only for graz- 
ing. Wool Is a large export It has several manufactories 
of woolens and farming implements. Pop. 1,274. 

Londonderry, t, and p. o., Chester co., Penn. : 62 m. 
E. 9. E. Harrisburg. Drained by Doe Run, a branch of Uie 
Brandywine. Surface even, and soil sandy and well culti- 
vated. Farming is the chief business. 

London Grove, t and p. o., Chester co., Penn.: 59 m. 
E. 8. E. Harrisburg. Drained by White Clay cr. and its 
branches, which furnish valuable mill privileges. Surface 
somewhat uneven, and soil a rich loam. It h-ia extensive 
manufactories of cotton and woolen goods, flour, leather, etc. 

Lone Jack, p. o., Jackson co., Mo. : 106 m. W. by N. 
Jefferson City. 

Lone Star, p. o., Titus co., Tex. : 271 m. N. E. Austin 
City. 

Lone Tree, p. c. Bureau co., lU. : 99 m. N. Springfield, 

LoNG-A-coMESG, p. V., Camden co., K. Jer. : 80 m. S. by W. 
Trenton. 

Long Bottom, p. o., Meigs co., Ohio: S3 m. 8. E. by E. 
Columbus. 

Long Bottom, p. o., Marshall co., Virg.: 234 m.N. W. 
Richmond. 

Long Branch, p. o., Monroe co.. Mo. : on a branch of 
Salt r., 52 m. N. by E. Jefferson City. 

Long Branch, p. o., Franklin co., Virg. : 145 ni. W. S. W. 
Richmond. 



LON 



LON 



Long Bkancii, p. v., Monmouth county, -^^ J«i'.: 3S m. 
E. by N. Trt'nlun. The bench known by that name is a 
lonir sandy peninsula, liavin^ Ihc Atlnnlic on Ihc E. and 
Shrewsbury r. on the W'., and is much resorted In in sum- 
mcf for its fine bathiui^, fishing, and gumiin^r. Ample 
accommodulions are affnrded fur visitors, and many cotta«:c3 
are occupied by permauont residents. In tlic vicinity there 
are many pleasant and romantic villages, and much fine 
natural scenery. Steamboats i)ly regularly in the summer 
season from New York City. 

Long Cane, p. o., Troup county, Ga.: about 2 m. E. 
Chattahoochee r., 117 m. W. Milledgeville. 

Long Cane, p. o., Abbeville district, S, Ciir. : 73 m. W. 
Columbia. 

Long Crekk, p. o., New Hanover county, y. Car.: 97 m. 
S. S. E. Raleigh. 

Long Creek, p. o., Louisa county, Virg. : S4 in. N. "W. 
Eichnumd. 

Long Creek, p. o., Panola co., Srian. : 140 m. N. Jackson. 

Long Falls Check, p. o., Da\'iess co., Ky. : on a branch 
of Green r. of that name, 130 nL \V. S. W. Frankfort. 

Long Glade, p. o., Augusta co., Vlrg. : 102 m. W. N. W. 
Hichmond. 

Lon(; Grkkn Academy, p. o., Baltimore co., 3fd.: 34 m. 
N. Annapolis. 

Long GKo^•E, p. v., Lake co., ///. ; on Buflido cr. of the 
Des riaines, 1S9 m. N. E. by N. Springfield. 

Long Hall, p. c, Caldwell eo., Ay.; I'Jl ra. W. S. W. 
Frankfort. 

Long Hill, p. o., Morris county, J\' Jer. : 44 m. N. N. E. 
Trenton. 

Long Island, y. T.: a long narrow island, forming tlie 
S. E. portion of the State of New York, ami lying between 
the Atlantic on the South and Long Island Sound on the 
North. Its length from the "Narrows"' to Montauk Point is 
113 m.. and its general width varies from 12 to 20 miles. It 
is divided into tlie counties of Kings, Queens, and Sufflilk, 
and contains about l,44.s sq. m. Its coasts are much broken 
by indentations, forming innumerable small bays and har- 
bors, many of which embosom marshy islands, and almost 
the whole south coast is lined with a long sandy beach, 
between which and the main island is a fine inland naviga- 
tion for smalt craft. A ridge or chain of hills, more or less 
elevated, but not exceeding SiiO feet in height, extends east 
and west; the surface N. of the ridge is in general rough 
and broken, while on its S. side the surface is a plain, gently 
falling toward the Atlantic. On both sides of the island are 
numerous streams emptying into bays and inlets, afl"ording, 
however, but small hydraulic power — the bays abounding 
in fine fish, oystiTS, etc. The streams at the W. end of the 
island are destined to furnish water fur the cities of Brooklyn, 
■Williamsburg, etc., by means of dams and culverls. Light- 
houses have been erected at several points on both sides of 
the island and on Montauk Point, its E. extremity. Tlie 
Long Islan(i K. 11. traverses the island almost through its 
middle from Brooklyn to Grcenport. 

Long Island sound, A''. Y. : a large and important body 
of water, between the State of Connecticut and Long Island. 
It is about 100 m. long, and from 10 lo 2rt m. wide, and 
receives from Connecticut all its great rivers. The sound 
connects with the ocean on the E., and on the W. with 
New York Bay, through Hell Gate and the East river. 
The coasting vessels and the steamers plyitig between New 
York and the New England States almost invariably take 
the sound or inside route. 

Long John, p. o., "Will county, III. : 157 m. N. E. by N. 
Springfield. 

Long Lake, p. o., Genesee cc, Mich. : near a pond so 
called, tributary to Shiawassee r., 43 m. E. Lansing. 

Long Lane, p. o., Dallas county, Mo. : 03 miles S. S. W. 
Jefferson City. 

Long Mahsh, p. o., Queen Anne co,, Md. . 87 m. E. N. E. 
Auuapolis. 

B8 



Long Meadow, t. and p. v., Hampden ro„ Mis:-;. : on tho 
E. side of Connecticut river, and S. line of tiie Slate, SI m, 
W. S. "W. Boston. Drained by small aflluents nf the 
Connecticut. Surface mostly level, a large part of the town 
being alluvial meadows. Soil very fertile and Itigldy cnlti- 
vafed. It hasseveral tanneries, and makes excellent bricks, 
but is eminently a farming t., with markets for its produce 
at its doors. A su|)erior kind of red building stone is 
abundant, and extensively quarried. The New Haven, 
Ilartfurd, and Springfield II. li. passes through it. and has a 
sta. 4 m. S. of Springfield. The v., a long broad .«treet, 
about 1 m. from and paralk-l with the river, is beautifully 
shaded by rows of tall elms, and enntains many elegant 
farm houses an<l country residences. Population of town 
1.2J2. 

Long ^fEAnbw, p. o., Page county, T7r[/. ; on E. side of 
Shenandoah r., 91 m. N. W. Hichmond. 

LuNGMiRE, p. o., Washington county, Trmt.: near the 
Nolichueky r., 245 m. E. Nashville. 

Longmire's Store, p. o., Edgefield disf,, S. dr. : G3 ra- 
"W. Columbia. 

Long Old Fields, p. o., Prince George's co., J/r?. ; 26 m. 
"W. S. \y. Annapolis. 

Long Pekcimmon, p. o., Yallabusha co., 3f/'^s. : 119 m. 
N. by E. Jackson. 

LuNG Plain, p. o., Bristol county, J/d.s.s. .- 40 ni. S. by E. 
Boston. 

Long Point, p. v., Livingston co., IH. : on a TV. liraneh 
of Vermillion r., 95 m. N. N. E. Springfield. 

Long Point, p. o., Washington county, Tex. : 92 m. E. 
Austin Cily 

Long Pond, p. o., Caldwell co., Ky. : ISO m. "W. S. "W. 
Frankfort. 

Long Prairik, p. o,, "Wahnalita co., 3f/>in. Ter. : near 
the river of that name, a branch of Crow Wing r., 103 m. 
N. W. St. Paul. 

Long Pidge, p. o., Fairfield co., Cojin.: 55 m. 8. W, 
Hartford. 

Long Pun, p. c, Jefferson co., Xy. : 20 m. W. by N. 
Frankfort. 

Long Satannak, p. o., Hamilton county, Tt'f)n. : 140 m. 
S. E. by E. Nashville. 

Long's Bridge, p. o., Hancock co., Ga.: near Buffalo or. 
of the Oconee, 17 m. E. by N. Milledgeville. 

Long's Mili-s, p. o., Randolph county, Ji. Cur. : 01 m. 
W. by N. Raleigh. 

Long Street, p. c, Moore Co., .Al Car. : 35 m. S. W. 
Raleigh. 

Long Street, p. o., Pulaski co., Ga. : 42 m. S. by W. 
Milledgeville. 

Long Street, p. o., Lancaster dist., iS. Cor. : about 3 m. 
E. of Catawba r., 42 ni. N. by E. Columbia. 

Long Swa-Mp, p. o., Marion co., Flor. : 109 m. S. E. 
Tallahassee. 

Long Swamp, t. and p. o., Berks county, Penn.: GO ra. 
E. by N. Ilarrisburg. Drained by Little Lehigh r., on which 
arc several mills and small factories. Surface hilly, and soil 
gravelly loam. Leather, jtowder, and iron are made. At 
the V. is a furnace of 1.000 tons capacity. 

LoNGTowN, p. o., Fairfield dist,, S.Car. : 23 m. N. N. E. 
Columbia. 

LoNGTOWN, p. 0., Panola co., 3Iisii. : 1-33 m. N. by E. 
Jackson. 

Long Vallet, p. o., Monroe co., Penn. : 93 m. N. E. by E 
Ilarrisburg. 

Long View, p. o., Bradley co., Ark. : on the W. bank of 
Sabine r. of the Washita, 94 m. S. by E. Little Rock. 

Long View, p. o., Morgan county, Tenn.: V2Z m. E. 
Nashville. 

Long View, p. o., Christian co., Ay. .' 170 m. W. S. W. 
Frankfort. 

LoNGwoOD, p. 0., Fayellc county, Iiid. : 49 m. S. by E. 
Indianapolis. 

fiO;J 



LON 



LOU 



LoNGwoou, p. o., Sabine co., Tex. : near Patroou bayou, 
249 ni. E. N. K. Austin City. 

LoNQuooD, p. o., Union county, ity. .* 171 to. "W. by S. 
Frankfort. 

LoNsDALK, p. V. and sta., Providence co., 7?. I. : on Black- 
Btor.e r, 7 m. N. Providence. It has a good share of trade, 
and is largely interested in manufactures of various kinds, 
for whicli its situation is well filled. The sta. is 7 m. from 
Providence on the Providence and Worcester li. U. 

LoNSviLLB, p. 0., Pike county, iiy. .' 143 m. E. S, E, 
Frankfort. 

Looking Glass, p. t., Clinton co., III. : on the "SV. side 
of Sugar cr. of Kaskaskia r., SO m. 8. Springfield. 

Looking Glass (or Wabenassebee) river, jVic?i. : a beau- 
tiful clear stream rising in a small lake on the S. border of 
Shiawassee co., flowing first N. and then W. through Shia- 
wassee, Clinttm, ete., into Grand r. It is 70 m. long and 
about 40 yards wide, and navigable for canoes to near its 
Bourees. The country near its souroes is somewhat swampy, 
but in its lower course is well timbered and fine lands. 

Look Out, p. o., Cole co., Mo. : N. side of N. Moreau cr., 
15 m. W. JelTerson City. 

Lookout mountain, Ga.: a remarkable elevation in the 
N. W. part of the State. At iLs highest culmination it is 
crowned with a watch-tower of rock palisades, from which 
the eye obtains a most extensive and beautiful prospect of 
the wild scenery of the country. 

LooMisviLLE, p. v., Kent co., Mich. : 52 m. "W. N. "W. 
Lansing. 

Looney's Creek, p. o., Marion co., Teiin.: on an affluent 
of the Tennessee so called, 97 m. S. E. Nashville. 

LouME^viLLE, p. v., M'Donald co., Mo. : on Elk r., an E, 
branch of the Neosho, 172 m. S. W. by S. JeETerson City. 

LoosAUATCUEE, p. o., Sliclby CO., Tenn. : near an affluent 
of Mississippi r. so called, 174 m. W. S. W. Nashville. 

Loose Ceeek, p. o., Osage county. Mo. : 14 m. E. S. E. 
Jefferson City. 

LooxAiiOMA, p. 0., De Soto co., Miss. : 15G m. N. Jackson. 

LoR/.DO, p. 0., Greene co., Ark. : 147 m. N. E. by N. 
Little liock. 

Lorain county, 07do. Situate N. on Lake Erie, and con- 
tains 727 sq. m. Drained by Black r. and its branches, and 
W. by Vermillion r. Surface unduhiling and slojiing In the 
N. ; soil fertile, adapted equally to grass and grain. Wheat 
and corn are the cereal staples, and they yield luxuriantly. 
It has large dairies, and many sheep are reared. Live- 
stock, beef, wool, and pork are important exports. The 
streams afford excellent water-power, and manufactures arc 
extensively prosecuted. It also has a large trade on the 
lake. Farms 2,430; manuf. 64; dwell. 4,674, and pop.— 
wh. 35,324, fr. col. 2(J2— total 2C,0S6. Capital: Elyria. 
Public irc/'A-.s ; Cincinnati, Cleveland, and Columbus R. li. ; 
Toledo, Norwalk, and Cleveland K. K. ; Junction 11. E., etc. 

LoRAMiE, t. and p. o., Shelby co., O/iio: 74 m. W. by N. 
Columbus. Drained by branches of Miami r. ; soil mostly 
fertile. Miami Canal passes the N. E. corner, and the Belle- 
fontaine and Indiana It. P. crosses it. Pop. 1,049. 

LoRENTz's Store, p. o., Lewis co., Virg. : 1S2 m, W. N.W. 
Richmond. 

LoitKNTZoviLLE FouNDRY, p. 0., Shenandoah co., Vi/'ff. : 
107 m. N. W. Pachmond. 

LoRBTTo, p. 0., Essex county, Virg. : 41 m. N. E. by N. 
Richmond. 

LoHETTo, p. 0., Marion co., JTy. .* 49 m. S. S.W. Frankfort 

LoRETTo, p. 0., Cambria co., Penn. ; 94 m. W. by N. 
Harrisburg. 

Lorraine, t and p. c, Jefferson coimly, y. Y. : 138 m. 
N.W. by W. Albany. Drained by branehes of Sandy cr., 
which move several flour and numerous saw mills. Surface 
broken, and soil day and sandy loam, well fitted for graz- 
ing. A fine farming t. antl heavily timbered. Pop, 1,511. 

Lo9 Anc;elos county, Calif. Situate S., and comprises 
about 1S,000 sq. m. The streams emptying into the Pacific, 
8D4 



along the coast of which the county extends about 150 m., 
are Santa Clara, the N., and Santa Anna, the S. boundary, 
San Pedro, San Gabriel, and Los Angelos; the principal 
stream E. is Mohave r., a branch of the Colorado. San 
Pedro Bay, on the S., is a good harbor, and oijpositc it is 
Santa Catalina, and separated from the N. by the ehannel 
of Santa Barbara, is Santa Cruz, two large and beautiful 
islands. Surface broken in the W. by the Sierra Neva<la 
Mountains and their spurs, extending to the coast; in tho 
E. are many high hills, with extensive sandy plains. The 
soil has been suffered to lie waste a long time, but is capa- 
ble of producing in abundance all the grains and fruits 
of the Atlantic coast, with bananas, plantains, pomegran- 
ates, indigo, and olives. Grapes and olives are abundant 
of the best quahty. Com is the staple. Tlie climate is 
equable, mild, and very healthy. The white population is 
about 10,000. Capital : Los Angelos. 

Los Angelos, p. v., and cap. Los Angelos co., Calif. : on 
the W. side of the Kio de los Angelos, which falls into San 
Pedro Bay, and 800 m. S. S. E. Yallejo. It is the seal of an 
ancient mission, and was capital of California Alta previous 
to the Mexican War. The v. has several substantial 
military and ecclesiastical buildings, and in many respects 
is now a flourisliing inland place. It was here that General 
Kearney and Colonel Fremont had their famous dispute 
for command, which led ultimately to court-marshalling of 
the latter. 

Loss Cbeek, p. 0., Crawford county, Ohio: 55 m. N. 
Columbus. 

Lost Creek, p. o., Saline co., Arl'. : 86 m. W. Little Rock. 

Lost Creek, p. o., Lincoln co., Mo.: about 3 m. W. of 
the Mississippi, 79 m. E. N. E. Jefferson City. 

Lost Creek, p. o., Campbell co., Ten?i. : between Pow- 
ell's and Clinch rivers, 163 ra. E. by N. Nashville. 

Lost Ckeek, p. o., Harrison co., Virg. : on a branch of 
Monongahela r. so called, ISO m, N. W. by W. lii<'hm'>nd. 

Lost Creek, p. o., Breathitt co., Ay. ; on a branch of 
Kentucky r., 102 m. E. S. E. Frankfort. 

Lost Grove, p. o., De Kalb co., Ml. : 157 m. N. by E. 
Springfield. 

Lost Mouktain, p. o., Cobb co., Ga. : 109 m. N. W. 
Milledgeville. 

Lost River, p. o.. Orange co., Ind. : near the branch of 
White r. so called, 78 m. S. by W. Indianapolis. Lost r. 
rises in Washington co., and takes a W. course through tho 
N. part of Orange, and forms a junction with Lick cr, aud 
falls into the E. fiirk of White r. near the S. line of Martin 
county. This stream, as well as many of its tributaries, 
sinks and runs underground for considerable distances, and 
then rises ag;nn. 

Lost River, p. o.. Hardy co., Virg. : on a branch of 
Great Cacapon r., IIS ra. N. W. Richmond. 

Lost Village, p. c. New Madrid co.. Mo. : 94 m. S. E. 
Jeffbrson City. 

LoTTRtDGE, p. 0., Athcns CO., Ohio: 69 m. S. E, Columbus. 

LoTiB, p. o., Edgefield dist., S. Car. : 35 m. W. Columbia, 

Lori-suuRQ, p. o., Northumberland co., Virg. : 55 m. 
E. N. E. Richmond. 

Lottsville, p. v., Warren co., P^kti, .* on Little Broken 
Straw cr.. which affords power for several mills here, 177 m. 
N. W. Harrisburg. 

LoonoN county, Virg. Situate N. E., and contains 473 
sq. ra. Bounded N. E. by tho Potomac, and drained by its 
affluents. Goose, Kittootan, and other small creeks. Surface 
t>rnken by several ridges of mountains, and very uneven, 
with beautiful and fertile valleys; soil various, but mostly 
very productive. Wheat, corn, oats, and rye bring largo 
crojis, and are tho staples. Great numbers of cattle and 
shi'ep arc raised; beef and wool arc exported, and pork 
largely. It lias good water-power, and nurmTous fit)urish- 
ing manufactories, especially of flour and lumber. Farms 
1,256; manuf. 130 ; dwell. 2.881, .ind pop.— wh. 14,031, 
fr. col. 1,857, si. 5,641— total 21,079. Capital: Leesburg. 



LOU 



LOU 



Loudon, t. and p. v., Merrimac co., y. Ilamp.: C m. 
N. E. Concord. Drained by Suncook r., which supplies it 
with fine water-power. Suncook r. rises from a pond in 
the E. Surface hilly ; soil on the Suncook fertile, and gen- 
erally adapted to grass. The v. is in tho S., and contains 
eeveral m.iis. Pop. of t, l,r(53. 

LouDOS, p. b., Franklin co., Peiui.: 57 m. \y. S. W. 
Harrisburg. Here are 2 charcoal forges, making Oil tons of 
burs per aniuim, and 2 in. distant is a charcoal furnace of 
SOO Ions annual c:ipaeily 

Loudon Centre, p. o., Merrimac co., iV. Hamp.: 10 m. 
N. E. Concord. 

Loudon IIidge, p. o., Merrimac co., JV. ITamp. : 11 m. 
N. N. E. Concord. 

LouDONTrLLE, p. V., Ashland co., 0?iw: on Black fork of 
"Walhonding r., 53 m. N. E. by N. Columbus. 

Loudstille, p. v., Habersham co., Ga. : 126 m. N. by W. 
Milledgeville. It lies in the -heart of Iho gold region, and 
near the head of Chestatee river. 

Louisa county, la. Situate S. E., and contains 413 sq. m. 
Drained by Iowa r., its branches, Cedar r., and Long cr., 
and Muscatine Slough. Surface moderately uneven; su-U 
very ft-rtile, equally adapted to grass and grain. Corn, 
wheat, beef, and pork, are leading products. It has large 
streams, which afford abundance of water-power. The 
Iowa crosses the co. from N. W. to S. E., diagonally, and is 
navigable the whole length, and the E. line is formed by 



the Mississippi. Limestone, copper, and lead are found. 
Farms 3SS; manuf. IS; dwell. S42, and pop.— wh. 4,913, 
fr. col. 26— total 4,939. CapiUil: "Wapello. 

LoDisA county, Virg. Situate E. centrally, and contains 
427 sq. m. Drained by N. and 9. Anna rivers, which firm 
the Pamunky, and flow int<i Tork r. Surface diversified, 
wirh pleasant river valleys; soil of great productiveness. 
Tobacco is a very large crop, and the staple. Corn and 
wheat yield finely, and there is much good pasture. Water- 
power is plentiful fur working up all t!io products, and gold 
in small quantities has been found. Farms S:3S; manuf- 
22 ; dwell. 1,254, and pop.— wh. C.423, fr. cnl. 404, si. 9,^64— 
total 16,691. CiipiUii: Louisa C. U. J'tiblic Works: Vir- 
ginia Central R. II. 

Louisa, p. o., Randolph coimty, Alu.: 79 miles N. N. E. 
Montgomery. 

LotnsA, p. v., Stephenson co., ///. .• 1S5 m. N. Spri?igfield. 

Louisa, p. v., and cap. Lawrence co., Ki/. : near the 
junction of Big Sandy r. and its W. fork, 129 ra. E. Frankfort. 

Louisa C. II., p. v., and cap. Louisa co., Mrg. : 42 ra. 
N. "W. Richmond. It contains a court-house, jail, academy, 
nnd several stores and dwellings. The Virginia Central 
R. R. passes tlie v. G2 m. from Richmond. 

LouiSBUiiG. p. v., and cap. Franklin co., JV' Otr. : on the 
left bank of Tar r., 31 m. N. N. E. Raleigh. It has an ex- 
tensive trade, and contains a court-house, jail, an academy, 
a dozen stores, and 500 inhabitants. 



THE STATE OF LOUISIANA. 

LouisiAJtA occupies all the territorj' of the purchase of 1S03 below the 33d parallel, and that portion of Spanish Florida 
west of Pearl River, and below the 31st parallel, its front stretching along the Gulf of Mexico for nearly 3iKi miles. It lies 
generally between the latitudes 29° and 33° N., and between longitudes SS*^ 40' and W^ 23' ^\. ; and is bounded north 
by Arkansas and Mississippi ; east by Mississippi, from which it is divided by the river of the same name, and Pearl River; 
soutli by the Gulf of Mexico ; and west by Texas, the Sabine River being its boundary in this direction more thaa two- 
tliirds the distance. The area of the land surface of the State is computed at 46,431 square miles. 

The surface of I^uislana is low and generally level, with some hilly ranges of little elevulion in the western part, ami 
numerous basins or depressions of the soil. The great delta of the Mississippi, included within tlie Atcharalaya ami the 
Iberville, and amounting to one-fourth part the area of the Stale, is seldom elevated more than ten feet above the sea, and 
is aimually inundated by the spring floods. A great part of the delta is composed of sea marsh, which also forms tho 
wliole southern coast to the Sabine, and which, through its whole extent, is subject to inundations by the high tides. To 
the north of this marsh, spreads out the vast level of the prairies, which is but slightly elevated above the fonner district. 
The western margin of the Mississippi is also a low countn,', intersected by numerous small rivers, and liable to inund.i- 
tiou. To the west and north of these is an extensive region comprising one-half of the Slate, considerably broken, but ni> 
where exceeding 200 feet in elevation. The section north of the Iberville and Lake Poutchartralu and east of the Missis- 
sippi is of a similar description with the north-western region, and, like that, is principally covered with pine. 

The Slate presents but a limited geological field. It is divided Into the leading grades or divisions of tertiary, diluvial, 
and alluvial. The tertiary, occupying about two-fifths of the State, lies north of a waving line, commencing on the Sabine 
near the mouth of the Nechea, crossing Red River 20 miles north of Alexandria, and the Washita 10 miles north of Harris- 
burg. Its beds contain eoal (aluminous brown ooal), salt, iron, ochre, gypsum, and marls. The coal is inferior to that 
of Pittsburg, and could not compete with it in the market, but is worth developing for use in those portions of the Slate 
where the better coal would not bear the expense of transportation. It abounds in Sabine, Natchitoches, Caddo, and De 
Soto, and all the parishes Iheuce east to the Washita. Salt s|>rinL;s are conmion in Natchitoches and Rapides, and have 
been wrought in earlier times. A saline bed, it is thought, underlies the tertiary series generally. Iron is found in great 
quantities in all the tertiary parishes, and is well worth the attention of those who would develop the State's resources. 
Ochre, gypsum, and marls, loo, are found — the first in the native form, and the others co-extensive with the tertiary beds. 
The gj-psum is very fine, equal to any known to commerce, and the marls very rich in the regions where they will be most 
needed. 

About one-fifth of the whole surface is periodically overflowed by the waters of the Mississippi, and a. great portion of 
these inundated lands is rendt-red unfit for cultivation in its present state. This immense alluvial tract embraces soil of 
various descriptions, which may be arranged into four classes — the first, which is thought to be equal to Iwo-llnrds of liio 
whole, is covered with heavy timber, antl an almost impenetrable undergrowth of cane and other shrubbery. This portion 
is quickly drained as the river retires into its natural channels, and has a soil of the greatest fertility. The second class 
consists of cypress swamps: these are basins or depressions of the surface, from which there is no natural outlet, and 
which, being filled with water by the fl<;>ods, remain covered with it until carried off by evaporation or absorption; these, 
by draining, might become excellent rice lands. The third class embraces the sea marsh, a belt of land partially covered 
by eonmion tides, and subject to inundation from the high waters of the Gulf during the equinoctial gales; it Is generally 
without timber, and its soil is partially clayey, and, in part, as black as Ink, cracking by the heat of the sun into fissures 
wide enough to admit a man's arm. And the fourth clas^ consists of small bodies of prairie land dispersed in different 
parts or the alluvial territory. These spots are elevated an<l without timber, but of great fertility. The pine lands have 
usually a poor Boil, but the interval lands on the rivers, or bottoms, as they are universally called in the West, are always 
rich. On llic Red lUver the soil contains a portion of salt, and is of a dark-ri-d color. fVorn its containing the oxide of iron. 
A great portion of the prairies is second-rate laud, and some of them are sterile. The richest tract in Uie State is a nar* 



LOUISIANA. 



row bell, called tbc cojwl, lying along the Mississippi on both Bides, and cxlendinf; from 100 miles above to 140 miles below 
New Orleans ; it is from 1 to 2 miles widt', and lies below the level of the wakr in the river in ordinary times of flood, and 
is only d.fLiid.d from drowning by a dyke or lev^e 6 or 8 feet in height, and suflicienlly broad for a highway. The wholo 
of this traet is under cultivation, and produces valual)lc crops of sugar. 

The prairies, or uuwooded plains, oecupy the interior section between the Teehe and Sabine ; the water-courses are hero 
lined Willi trees, and occasionaliy litlle groves or clumps, called, from their isolated appearance in these grassy expanses, 
"islands," arc met with. Northward of the prairies is an extensive tract, before alluded to as the tertiary region, reaching 
to the norlbcrn boundary, and approaching the "Washita on the east, the surface of which is much broken into hills, though 
of modi-rale heiglit. It consists mostly of pine barrens covered with a vast forest of pilch pine, interspersed with roks, 
elms, cypress, lioiicy-locust, etc., in low spots and on the margins of the streams. The tract east of the Mipsis-niiipi and 
north of tlie Iberville and the connected lakes, closely resembles that last described in its surface and finest growths. It is, 
in fact, a part of the same \ii)land plain whose margin on the western side is separalcii from the river-bed by tlie low, inun- 
dated lands, but on the east comes up to the channel of the river, in many places forming those prominent bluffs on which 
stand Caton Rouge, St. Francisvillc. Fort Adams, Natchez, and Vicksl>urg. 

The Mississippi, after luiving formed the boundary of tlic Slate for about 450 miles, enters its limits 350 miles from the 
sea, by tlic course of the river channel. 'I'hroughout this distance of 800 miles, its western bank is low, and flooded in 
high stages of the water. At the point where U enters the State, it throws o(T its first outlet, the Atchafalaya. and hero 
may be said to commence the delta of the river. The Atchafalaya, here called the Chafalio, receives the waters of the 
Mississippi only in flood, and the navigation is obstructed by collections of timber, often covered with mud and weeds, 
which choke uj) its channel. The Teche and Conrtableau are its principal tribut;iries. The Bayou Plaquemine. the next 
considerable outlet of the Mississippi, dit-cliarges the waters of iliat river into the Atchafalaya during tlie floods, and is Iho 
channel of trade between the country on the Atchafalaya and New Orleans. Lower down is the La Fourche outlet, which 
has high banks along its upper course, and admits vessels "f 4 or 5 feet draft nearly to its bead. On the left bank the 
Baj ou Manchac, a iiltle below Baton Ilouge, or the last liigldand passed in descending the Mississippi, is the first and prin- 
cipal outlet; after receiving the Kiver Amite from Mississipjii, it takes the name of Iberville River. It may here be re- 
marked tliat the term ** bayou," applied to arms of rivers in Louisiana, is generally confined to those that have no proper 
current, but are sometimes stagnant, and fiow sometimes in one direction, and sometimes in another, according to tho 
high or low stage of the waters — it appears to be a corruption of hoyau^ used in tho sense of the corresponding English 
sea-term " gut." 

The Red Kiver is the most important and, indeed, with the exception of two or three magnificent streams on the eaatera 
side above Baton Rouge, the only tril)utary of the Mississippi within this State ; for the surrounding country being lower 
than the river banks, its waters can not gain access to the bed. The Red River rises in the Rocky Mountains, and flowing 
eastwarUly along the n^rlh border of Texas, and into Arkansas, turns to tlie soulli, and passes into Louisiana. Soon after 
entering this Stale, its bed is choked up by an iumiense accumulation of fallen timber, called the " Rafl," and the water 
is dispersed into numerous channels, and spreail over wide expanses. The Rati extended formerly over a distance of 160 
miles, but its length has been materially diminished, and, in fact, its complete removal is considered certain. Below 
Nachitoches the river divides into several arms, which again unite above Alexandria, and its waters leach the Mississippi 
just above the first outlet, after a course of 2,000 miles, of whieh l,5it0 miles is open to steam na^ igation. The Black 
Kiver, \\& principal tributary, is formed by llic junction of the Tensas, Washita, Catahoula or Little River, all consideralilo 
streams, and navigable l.iy steamboats; but most of the country along their courses is tiverflowed. The Bayou du Bou 
Dieu is also a large and navigable river, whlcli enters it above the Black. There arc numerous lakes in this section of 
the State, forme<l chiefly by the overflowings of the rivers, which fill tlie low basins back of their banks. lu the south are 
Uie Vermillion, Mcrmenteau, and Calcasieu, which, rising in a tract of pine hills to the south of the Red River, au'I flowing 
tlirough the great pastoral plains of the west, reach the low m.arshy strip to the Mexican Gulf, and spread into shallr>w 
lagocms. The Sabine, which partakes of the character of the last described rivers, is, however, a considerable stream, 
rising farther to the north in Texas, and is a navigable river beyond the Louisiana boundary, but its mouth is ubstructed 
by a bar. From the north-eastern pine region, the Pearl, Tangipaod, Cliefunctii, and Iberville, large navigable rivens, flow 
into the lakes and passes which separate that region from the fluviatile district. The IberviUe, formed by the junction of 
the Amite from the norlli, and the Manchac from the west, enters the head of Lake Maurepas, ■which is from lu to 12 feet 
deep, and connected with Lake Ponlchartrain by the Pass Manchac. Lake Pontchartrain is about 4<) miles long, and 24 
miles wide, with an average depth of 10 fathoms, but is shallow near the shores. Vessels drawing S feet of water can, 
however, go up to Madisonville and to the mouth of Bayou SL. John, in the rear of New Orleans; and not more than that 
draft can be carried through the passes or channels called the Rigolets and Chef Menleur, through which i.t comtnuai- 
cates with Lake Borgne. This last is, ]>roperly speaking, no lake, but the termination of Pascagoula Sound ; it approaches 
to widiin 15 miles of New Orleans, and brjals can go up the b.ayoux that empty into it to within a short distance of the city. 
It is of about the same average depth with Lake rontehartrain, but somewhat deeper along the shores. 

Louisiana is remarkably destitute of good harbors. Vessels drawing S feet of water can go up to Madisonville on Lake 
Pontchartrain, but the ()ther inlets on the coast are shallow. There is, however, a good roadstead on the west siile of 
Chandeleur Islands, called the Road of Naso, in which the hea\7 vessels of the English fleet lay during the expedition 
against New Orleans. Numerous sheets of water, improperly called lakes, he along the coast. Of Lake Borgne mention 
has already been made. Barataria, Vermillion, C6tc Blanche, Atchafalaya, and Simballier Bays, are shallow tide basins. 
In the interior, lakes L^AIIemandsand Chelimaches are large bodies of waters. 

Although Louisiana extends more than a <legree farther soutli than any other portion of the Union, except the Penin- 
sula of Florida, its winters are longer and more severe there than in the correspomling latitudes on the Atlantic borders. 
Thus, according to Darby, Nriw Orleans has the winters of Charleston, which is nearly two degrees farther norlh, and the 
live oak, which on the Atlantic is found as far north as 34°, does not in Louisiana occur above 30° 30' ; but that writer has 
overlooked the fact that the live oak is a maritime tn-e, and does not grow more than 20 or 25 miles from the sea. The 
tall palmetto, or cabbage palm, and the long leafed pine, so characteristic of the southern Atlantic States, do not appear 
here; nor does the China orange thrive higher than 3iiO 3t)'. The climate is favorable to the peach and fig tree; but the 
apple can not be cultivated to advantage, and the cherry is wholly unproductive. The agricultunil staples are cotton and 
sugar; rice. maize, or Indian corn, and tobacco, are also cultivated, but have been neglected for the first named articles; 
and indigo, which was formerly a staple, li.as been abandoned. The prairie lands of the west afl"ord valuable pastures; 
and here jtre found large herds of cattle and horses. In the uorth-westcm part of the State, between the Mississippi and 
306 



LOUISIANA. 



Pearl Rivers, much lumber is eul fur exportatitin, anil much lar, pitch, and turpentine is prepared. The cotton pir.nt is 
cultivated eldefly on the Keil lliver and in the north-eastern parts of the State ; but there is no parisli in which it is not 
produced in a greater or less quantity. Sugar is planted as far n.irlli as the head of the delta, and it has lieen raised with 
success in the parish of llapides. It was formerly .asserted that it would not thrive farther north than the 3l)th parallel. 
Those interested in the productions of the south and south-west will find elaborate essays on each staple cultivated in 
those regions in Dc Bow's work, " The Inchmtrial Resources, eU\, of ttie Southern and Western States," publislied in 
1852. in 6 volumes, a work which every statesman and commercial man ousht to place within his immediate reach, and 
frequently consult It is a perfect encyeh>pcdia of national economics. 

Louisiana is divided into two Districts ; the Eastern District h;is 21 parishes, and the Western District 20 parishes, 
the general statistics of which, and the capitals of each in ISoO, were as follows : 





EASTERN 


LOUISIANA. 










Parishes. 


D^eii. Pop. I'zi J.',^;;;''- c»rit»i.. 


Parishes. 


Dwell. 


Pop. 


'ZZl Sub' <=»>■■•»"■ 


Ascension.. . 


755. ]0,"6-2..167,. 0. .DomaldsonviUc 


St. Bernard . . 
St. Charles. . . 


...2S3. 
....191. 


. 8,802. 
. 5,1'20. 


. 34.. 
. 70.. 


0.. Terre Aux Boeufs 


Assumption. 


926.. 10,.53'^..520.. 0.. Assumption 


3..SL Charles C. II. 


E. Baton Rouge. 1,0+4.. 11,97'. .2ST.. 0. . Baton KonGE 


St. Helena... 


....390 


. 4,561. 


.273.. 


9..Green8burg 


East Feliciana.. 712.. 13,593.. 301. . 49.. Jackson 


St. James 


....591 


.11,098. 


.145.. 


6..Bringier3 


Iberville.... 


.... 6.3S.. 12,214. .219.. Il1. .Iberville 


St. John J!aptist..530 


. 7,317. 


.103.. 


14.. Bonnet Carro 


Jefferson 


.... 3,825.. 26,091.. 81.. 54 .. La Fayette 


St. Taunnany 


....786 


. 6,804. 


. 90.. 


&3.. Covington 


La Fourche. 


933.. 9,.533. 235.. 4. .Tliihodeauville 


Terre Bonne. 


....6,M 


. 7,7'24. 


.224.. 


4. .Houuia 


Livingston. . 


.... 480.. S,3b5..219.. SCSpringlleld 


Washington.. 


....406 


. 8,408. 


.260.. 


O..Fraiiklinton 


Orleans 


....15,021.. 119,461.. 51. .621. .New Orleans 


W. Baton llo 


lge.392 


. 6,270. 


.138.. 


10. .Baton Kongo C.n. 


riaquemines 


615.. 7,390. .205.. 0. .Fort Jackson 


W. Felieiana 


....599 


.13,245. 


.'iU.. 


47..Sti'raucisville. 


I'oint Coupee... 7G0.. 11,339. .245.. 0. .Point Coupee 














■WE,STERN 


LOUISIANA. 










P,,rislies- 


^-'«- ?»p- ^".t;.: S^- <■«■"■»"■ 


Par.sli-s. 


Dwells. 


Pop, 


Farms 

iuc.ilt 


«™;; Cap,,,,, 


Avoyelles. . . 


.792. . . .9,.'326. . . .393. . . 5. . . .Marksrille 


La Fayette... 


. 6-30.. 


6,7-20. 


..4-U. 


.. O...VermUIionvme 


Bienville ... 


.671 5,,')39 271... 2. ...Mount Lebanon 


Madison 


. 448.. 


3,773. 


..218. 


..2I...Kichrnoad 


Bossier 


.478. . . .6,902. . . .333. . . 0. . . .Belleview 


Morehause. . . 


. .372.. 


3,918. 


..260. 


..4.. .Bastrop 


Caddo 


.742 8,8S4. . . .3(15. . . Shreveport 


Nachitoches . 


.1,*«.. 


14,201. 


..S43. 


..9.. .Niichitncbea 


Calcasieu . . 


.,t4S.... 8,914.... 239... C... Marion 


Rapides 


.1,032.. 


16,501. 


..187. 


. .11.. .Alox.amlria 


CalJweU. .. 


.300.... 2,815.... 185... 1.... Columbia 


Sabine 


. 632.. 


. 4,515. 


..523. 


.. 5... Manny 


Carroll 


.533.... 8,739.... 238... 10.... L. Providence 


SL Landry . . . 


.2,421.. 


.22,263. 


..775. 


..18.. .Opi'lini.Hns 


Catahoula.. 


.655. . . .0,982. . . .358. . . 3. . .. Harrisonburg 


St. Martin's.. 


. 940.. 


.11,107. 


...4-30 


.. O...St. M:irlin3viHe 


Claiborne. . 


.842. . . .7,471 . . . .15.54. . . 3. . . .Homer 


St. Mary's. . . . 


. 746.. 


. 8,808. 


...193. 


.. 0.. .Franklin 


Concordia . . 


.219.... 7,758.... 148... O....Vidalia 


Tensas 


. 244.. 


. 9,040. 


...105 


.. G...St. Joseph's 


DeSoto.... 


.685.... 8,019.... 427... 9....Mansneld 


Union 


. 942 . . 


. 8,208. 


...717 


..1.. .Farmei-sville 


Franklin . . . 


..346. . . .3,261 . . . .28:!. . . 0. . . .Winnsborough 


Vermillion... 


. 406.. 


. 3,409. 


...198 


.. C.La Fayette 


Jackson ... 


.022.... 5,566.... 290... 6.... Vernon 


Waehita.... 


. 442. 


. 5,008. 


...243 


.. 4... Monroe 



The whole number of dwellings in the State was, at the above date, 49.101 ; of families 54,112. and of inhabitants 
611,974. viz.: whites 255,416— males 141,0,59, and females 114,357; free col. 17,537— males 7,.59fi, and females 9.939, and 
slaves 239,021 Of the whole population, there were deaf and dvmh—wb. 89, fr. eol. 5, si. .34— toUtl 12S ; ldlni!—\yh. 07, fr. 
col. 25, si. 126— total 21S ; ■i:isaiie—\\h. 150, fr. col. 15, si. 4:3— total 203 ; and iVKod'c— w h. 104, fr. col. 13, si. 36— total 173. 
The nunilier of free persons born in the United States was 305,921 ; the number of foreign birth 66..413, and of birth un- 
known 620. The native population originated as follows : Maine 816, N. llamp. 247, Verm. 383, Mass. 1,6-20, R. I. 2:39, 
Conn. 469. N. York 5.510, N. Jer. 49S, Penn. -2,493, Del. 117, Ind. 1,440, Dist. of Col. 156, Virg. 8,216, N. Car. 2,923, S. 
Car. 45S3, Ga. 6,917, Flor. 37-2, Ala. 7,.340, Miss. 10.91.3, Louisiana 14.'i,47f. Te.v. 864, Ark. 803, Tenn. 3,852, Ky. '3,963, 
Ohio, 1,473, Mich. OS, In.l. 414, 111. 401, Mo. 909, la. 38, Wise. 7, Calif. 1, Territories 1 ; and the foreign population w.as 
composed of persons from— England 3.5,50, Ireland 24,200, Scotland 1,196, Wales 48, Germany 17,507, France 11,.5.52, 
Spain 1,417, Porlug.al 157, Belgium 116, Holland 112, Turkey 4S, Italy 910, Austria 156, Switzerland 7-23, Russia 65, 
Denmar k288, Norway 01. Sweden 249, Prussia .380, Sardinia 9. Greece 33, China .33, Asia 17, Africa 90, Brit. America 499, 
Mexico 406, Cent. America 8, S. .\merica 15, West Indies 1,337, Sandwich Islands 1, and other countries 1,173. 

The following t.able will show the decennial progress of the population since the first census of the State taken by the 
United States authorities : 

CnlnreJ Persnnfl. 
Census Wliile . . . 



1310.... 


.... 84.311.... 


7,.5S5 


lS-20. . . . 


.... 7:3,:3S3.... 


....10,960 


1S:!0.... 


.... 89,331.... 


....10,710 


1^0.... 


153,4.-)7 


. . . .-25..502 


1850.... 


....256,416.... 


....17,.5:37 



Sl.ive. Tf.Iat. 

. 3-4,000 43,345.. 

. 69,004 170,034 . 

,.109,.5<S rjo.-'g-i.. 

.108,4.53 103.954 .353,411 . . . 



Total 
Popiil..tion. 
. 76,.556... 
.1.t;3,407... 
.215.539... 



Dereniiia! Incrf 



Numerical. Per c'eiit. 



. 70,351. 
. 62,1-22. 
.1.36,882. 



.339,021 ■250,.5.58. 



.6)1,974 169,.563 



. .100.4 
.. 40.5 
.. 63.5 
.. Vi.'i 



The statistical returns of the indu.stry and wealth of Louisiana, as furnished by the seventh census of the United States 
taken in 1S50, and other offlei.al documents refering to the same period, are as follows : 

Occupied Lands, fte.— Improved lands, l,.590,b25 acres, and unimproved lands, 3,939,018 acres — valued in cash at 
$75,814,.398 ; number of farms under cultivation, 13,43'2— in western division, 9,209, and in eastern division, 4,213. Value 
of farming implements and machinery, $11,576,933. 

Live-Stoel-.—MoTsm, 89.614 ; asses and mules, 44,849 ; milch cow.s, 105,,570 ; working oxen, 64.908 ; other cattle, 414,798 : 
sheep. 1 10.8.33 : swine. 597.301. The returns under this head in 1840 sum up thus— horses, mules, etc., 99,8,83 ; neat cattle 
ofaU descriptions, 381,248; sheep, 98,072; and swine, 32:3,230. 

897 



LOUISIANA. 



Grai7i Crops. — Wheat, 417 bushels ; rye, 475 bushels ; Indian corn, 10,226,873 bushels ; oats, 89.687 bushels ; barley, 
bushels; ami buckwheat, 3 bushels. The crops of 1S39-40 were— wheat, 60 bushels; barley, bushels; oala, 107,8)53 
bushels; rye, 1,812 bushels; buckwheat, bushels; Indian com, 6,952,912 bushels. 

Other Staple Crops.~\\\ccy 4,425,349 (in 1840, 8,604,534) pounds; tobacco, 26,S7S (in 1840,119,824) pounds; ginned 
cotton, 17S,737 bales of 400 pounds each, or 71,494,800 (in 1S40, 152,555,368) pounds; sugar — maple, 255 pounds, and cane, 
226.001 (in 1^0, 119,947f) hogsheads of 1,000 pounds ; and molasses, 10,931,177 gallons. 

Miscellaneous Crops.— Veaa and beans, 161,732 bushels; potatoes— Irish, 95,632, and sweet, 1,428,453 bushels; hay, 
25,752 tons; clover-seed, 2 bushels, and other grass-seeds, 97 bushels; hops, 125 pounds; hemp — dew-rotted, {) tons, and 
water-rotled, tons; flax, pounds; flax-seed, bushels; wine, 15 gallons, etc The value of orchard products for 
the year was, $22,359, and of market-garden products, $14S,329. 

Produ<:t^ of AnimaL'i.—'SX oo], lu9,S97 (in l*^*^' 49,2';3) pounds; butler, 683,069 pounds; cheese, 1,957 pounds: and 
value of animals slaughtered during the year had been $1,458,990. Silk cocoons were produced to the amount of 29 (in 
1S40, 817) pounds ; and beeswax and honey, to that of 96,701 pounds. 

Jffiiu-iiuufe manufiictures fur the year ending 1st June, 1S50, were produced to the value of $139,232. 

The comparison of the principal crops in 1S40 and 1850 results as follows: 

Staples. 1810, 1R50. Movement. 

Indian Com 6,952.912 bushels .... 10,226,378 bushels incr. 4,273,461 bushels, or 71-79 per cent, 

Eiee 8,604,534 pounds 4,425,;i49 pounds hwr. 820,815 pounds, or 22'79 " 

Tobacco 119,824 " .... 26,873 " .... deer. 92,946 *' or :7-57 " 

Ginned Cotton 152.555.363 " .... 71,494,800 " .... rfecr. 81,060,563 " or5314 " 

Cane Sugar 119,947,720 « ....226,001,000 " .... men 106,053,280 " or 88*42 " 

It is thus apparent that all the great crops, except that of cotton, have materially increased ; but the falling off in the 
cotton crop is more apparent than real, the greater part of it having been destroyed by the extraordinary and destructive 
floo'Is, which swept over whole plantations in the fall of 1849, to which year the census returns of 1850 refer. It is a well- 
known fact, however, that the culture of sugar in Louisiana is employmg the labor formerly devoted to cotton, and (his 
change of crops is annually progressing. 

Mami/acture^.—A^gTegalii capital invested, $0,000,000; value of raw material, fuel, etc., consumed, $0,000,000; 
average nunibcr of hands employed, 00,000 — males, 00,000, and females, 0,000; average monthly cost of labor $000,000 — 
male $000,000, and female $00,000 ; total value of products for the year ending Ist June, 1850, $0,000,000. The whole 
number of manufacturing eslablislmients in the State producing to the value of $500 and upward annually, at the above 
date was 1,021 — in western district 121, and in eastern district 900 ; and of these, S were manufacturing castings of iron, 
and there were 15 tanneries, the remainder consisting of mills, and other establishments usual in a Southern agricultural 
State. 

The irmi manufacture employed a capital of $255,000 ; pig iron consumed, 1.660 tons; mineral coal consumed, 3,205 
tons ; value of all raw material used, $75,300 ; bands employed, 847 ; average monthly wages, $35 60 ; castings made, 1,570 
tons; value of entire products, $312,500. 

The Unineries employed a capital of $38,800 ; value of raw material used, $20.440 ; average number of hands employed, 
54— males 51, and females, 3; monthly cost of labor— male, $930, and female, $22; number of skins tanned, 2,850, and of 
sides, 21,000; value of skins and hides when tanned, $55,025. 

The distribution of the manufactures is very unequal, and many of the parishes are entirely without them : of the 900 
establishments in the eastern district, 521 are in Orleans parish, 147 in West Feliciana, 54 in Jefferson, 49 in East 
Ft'Jieiana, 36 in Livingston, 33 in St. Tammany, 14 in St. John Baptist, 10 each in West Baton Rouge and Iber\-ille, 9 in 
St. Helena, 6 in St James, 4 each in La Fourche and Terre Bonne, and 3 in St. Charles — Ascension, Assumption. East 
Baton Eouge, Plaquemines, Point Coupee, St. Bernard, and Washington, returning no manufactures ; and of the 121 in 
0»e western district 24 are in Madison, IS in St. Laundry, 11 in Eapides, 10 in Carroll, 9 each in De Soto and 
Nachitoches, 6 each in Tensas and Jackson, 5 each in Avoyelles and Sabine, 4 each in Morehause and Wachita, 3 each 
in Catahoula and Claiborne, 2 in Bienville, and one each in Caldwell and Union— Bossier, Caddo, Calcasieu, Concordia, 
Franklin, Lafayette, St Martin, St. Mary, and Vermillion returning none. 

Comrnerce. — In the aggregate of ex^jorts and imports, Louisiana is second only to New Tork, but in the amount of its 
imports both Massachusetts and Pennsylvania exceed it. The total value of its exports to foreign countries in the year 
ending 30th June, 1850, was $38,105,350, of which $37,698,277 was the value of domestic produce exported, and $4(17.073 
the value of re-exported foreign produce. The value of domestic produce carried in American bottoms was $20,927,751, 
and in foreign bottoms $16,770,526; and the value of foreign re-ex-porta carried in American bottoms, was $323,930, and 
in fon-ign bottoms $78,143. Tlie total value of imports was $10,760,499, of wliicii the value brought in American bottoms 
was $3,107,929, and in foreign bottoms $2,052,570. The shipping employed in this trade was as follows: 



SinPPi:iG ENTERED. 
Nntiociility. Number. Tons Men. 

American 534 ITn.OCO ClViO 

Foreign S"+ ITJ.A'a IJ.H-2 



Total. 



.898. 



.350,853 13,002 



N.itionrility. 

Anieriean. 
Foreign. . 



BniPPIXa CLEAEED, 

Number. Tnns. Men. 

493 211,8110 7,.575 

350 155,1.37 5.730 



Total. 



.843 309,937. 



.13,355 



The whole of this commerce and navigation belongs to the district of which New Orleans is the port of entry, except 
two American ships of 904 tons and 14 men, which are entered in the district of Tcchc. 

The aggregate ol the shipping owned in Louisiana amounted at the date specified to 250,090 tons, of which the whole, 
except 1,881 tons enrolled and licensed shipping owned in the district of Tcche, belonged to the district of New Orleans. 
Of the aggregate, 83,069 tons were registered, 160,032 tons were enrolled and licensed, and 5,789 tons were licensed tunder 
20 tons.) Of tlie registered shipping, 6,889 tons, and of the two latter classes 144,724 tons were navigated by steam ; and 
during the year ii vessels, viz., 1 ship, 16 schooners, 3 sloops, and 4 stoaiuers, of on aggregate burden of 1,593 tons, 
were built in the Slate. 
393 



LOUISIANA. 



The statistics of the foreipi trade of the State for a series of years, exhibit the fuliowing movement : 



Tears. Exports. Ir 

ISM $I,600,8C3 $- 

1S(I5 3,371,545 - 

ISiW S,SS7,323 - 

1807 4,320,5,'J5 - 

ISOS 1,201.101 - 

1S09 511,9-24 - 

ISIO 1,S90,<J!)3 - 

1811 2.i&0,050 - 

1S12... 



iports. 



1813... 
1S14... 
1S15... 
1S16... 
1S17... 

1S13 12,924.309 

1S19 9,768,753 



1,000,471 
l,04,'i,153 
387,191 
5,102,610 
5,602,948 
9,024,812 



Yean. 


Exports. 


1820.... 


... $7,596,167 . 


1821.... 


... 7,272,172 . 


I^'.i2 


... 7,978,046 . 


1823...-. 


... 7,779,072 . 


1824.... 


... 7,928,820 . 


1825.... 


... 12,582.924 . 


1>20.... 


... 10,284,380 . 


1827.... 


... 11.728.997 . 


1828.... 


... 11,947,400 . 


1829... . 


... 12,386,000 . 


18.30.... 


... 16,48,8,092 . 


1831.... 


... 16,761,989 . 


18;!2.... 


... 16,5-30,930 . 


1S33 


18,941,373 . 


1S:S4.... 


... 2:3,759,607 . 



18:35 36,270,823 



Import?. 
... $ 

.. 3,379,717 

.. 3,817,233 

. . 4.288,125 

.. 4,5.39,769 

. . 4,290,034 

.. 4,167,.521 

.. 4,531,045 

. . 6,217,881 

. . 6,857,209 

. . 7,699,053 

. . 9,766,693 

. . 8,871,053 

. . 9,590,605 

.. 1.3,781,809 

.. 17,519,814 



Years. Eiporta. 

18.30 87,179,823 

1837 35..3SS,697 

18.38 31,602,243 .. 

18-39 33,184,167 .. 

1840 34,2:30.936 .'. 

1841 34,:587,483 ,, 



1842. 
1813. 
1844. 



28,404,149 
27,:390,424 
80,498,807 



1815 27,1,57,405 



1846... 
1847... 
1848... 

1849 37,611,007 

1S50 38,105,:350 



81.27.5,704 . 
47.051,6.33 . 
40,971 ,;301 . 



Impnrt., 

.$1.5.117,649 

. 14,020,012 

. 9,496,803 

. 12,804,942 

10,073.190 

10,2,50,-350 

8,033,590 

5,170,015 

7,820,789 

7,354,397 

7,223,090 

9,222,969 

9,.380,489 

10,060,697 

10,760,499 



Coasting and Hirer Trade.— The coasting trade of Louisiana is equally valuable wnth its foreign trade, and its trade 
with the interior is perhaps fully equal to both the foreign and coastwise trade together. These, however, will be fully 
examined under the head of ■' Xew Orleans," and hence, in this connection, the aggregates alone need be exhibited. The 
arrivals and clearances in the coasting trade for the year ending 30th June, 1351, were as follows: 



Uoretnents. ,. '»' Imner 

Vessels. Tons. 

Entnanees 2o5 93,608 

Clearances 199 57,442 


2d Quarter. 
Ve^.els. Tons, 

303 .... 124,585 

275 .... 70,7»9 


:id Quarter. 
Vessels. Tons. 

305 .... 125,0.32 

424 .... 121,:362 

$11,707,693 


<tti Quarter. 

Vessels. loos. 

805 .... 12:3,190 
329 .... 97,579 


Total. 
Vessels, Tons. 

1,178 .... 466,413 
1,22T .... 85,3,173 


Value of exports coastwise $2,869,607 


$6,177,128 


$6,4>4,624 


$27,228,912 



The following will show the quantity and destination of some of the prmcipal staples of export in the year above 
quoted: 



Flour. 


Pork. 


B.iron, 


LarJ. 


Ports. t,bls. 


btilB. 


lil.Os. 


kegs. 


New York .72,584. 


.5.5,849. 


. 9,866. 


.209,,826. 


Boston 83,925. 


.77,800. 


. 6„580. 


.224,-3-33. 


Philadelphia 413. 


. 6,6:!8. 


. 2,763. 


. 41.045. 


Baltimore .. . — . 


.13,421. 


. 1,843. 


. 32.685. 


Charleston.. 6,175. 


. 1,003. 


2,872. 


. 2,709. 


Otlier ports 150,900. 


.22,890. 


.19,972. 


. 40,040. 



Beef. Wlii>kj, 



blils. 



bbla. 



. .3,0.55. ..1,:3S1.. .160,723. 
.13,4.35:.. 2.242... 82,401. 
. 421... 263... 9,477. 
. 955... 1,542.,. — . 
. 119.. 11,514... 23,978. 
. 3,785.. 30,-383... 150,125. 



Cotbin. 
bales, 

..62,393. 

. .82.540. 



Toliarco, 

bhJs. 
10,087... 
..1,594.. 



.14.867... 1,118. 
. 2„511... 745. 



1. 



291. 



Lliils. 
13,595. 
. 7:8. 
.10.204. 

3,070. 

8,517. 
12,363. 



bbls. 
. 665. 
. 27. 
. 867. 
, 2-37. 

660. 
6,193. 



Iil.ds. 

.509. 



. 9. 

.lis. 



.22.045 
2,172 
7.7:35 
, 2,803 
, 7,031 
.24,573 



The total quantities of the above specified articles exported to foreign and domestic ports, were as follows: 

68:3,418. .192,737. .46,241. . .733,966, . .42,415. .67,392. . .535,:3,82. .997,453. .54,501. . .44,147. .8,644. . .636 . . 67,024 

The receipts from the interior by the Mississippi River in the same year (1850-51) were valued at $100,924,08:3, and 
comprised jdl the various staples for which the several regions of production are noted, alike mineral, vegetable, and ani- 
mal ; and there is, besides the river trade, an immense traffic on the new canal. The total number of fiat-boats arriving 
at New Orleans during the year was 941, of which 218 were from Ohio, 58 from Kentucky, 293 from Indiana, 12 from Vir- 
ginia, 222 from Pennsylvania, 19 from Illinois, 104 from Tennessee, and 10 from Mississippi; and the whole number of 
steamboat arrivals was 2,918. 

Internal In}provemeni--i. — Hitherto Louisiana h,'is depended with confidence on the great natural facilities for inland 
communication the t^tate enjoys by means of the magnificent river and its dependencies which traverse its surface ; l)ut 
■when it was discovered that the North had, by means of the Ilhnois Canal, constructed an artificial outlet for this great 
river into the lakes, this dream of security vanished, and the people interested in the commerce of the Gulf ports at once 
beset themselves to remedy the impending destnietion of a commerce unequaled in extent by but one other section of the 
Union, The magnificent lines of railroads from the '■ father of waters" to the Atlantic Ocean, were also diverting a vast 
amount of the legitimate trade which naturally concentrated at New Orleans. And all these changes in the aveimes of 
trade had been allowed to proceed, and with the exception of a few local railroads, Louisiana had not even extended her 
arms to arrest their influences. Awakened to a sense of duty, however, by the results of these new works — decreased 
receipts of produce, and decreased returning merchandise — no time was lost in premises, but the whole south-west met in 
convention at New Orleans, anil unanimously resolved to cope with the leviathans which were sapping the foundations of 
their commercial prosperity. The principal remedies proposed were the extension of the railroad from New Orleans and 
the Gulf ports to the north and north-east, and seek a new market in the west by building lines into Texas, Arkansas, etc. 
Tlie first would countervail the northern improvements, which had superseded the old river-course of trade, and by oflt-ring 
a more direct and rapid channel to the sea, recover the preference the deposit at New Orleans had formerly enjoyed. 
The improvement of the channel of the Mississippi below New Orleans, was also recommended, and will doubtlessly be 
undertaken by the general government at no distant period. The results of the convention have been an active enforce- 
ment ofite recommendations, and numerous lines of railroad are being laid out and constructed in the directions in<licated, 
the most important of which are the New Orleans, Jackson, and Northern R. U., and the railroads from the Mississippi 
toward Texas, from Lake Providence, via Shreveport, Marshall, etc., from Natchez, via Shreveport, etc., and from New 
Orleans, via Opelousas, HunLsville, etc. Railroads are also being built in almost every direction, to connect with the lines 
of other States, or afford facildies to the gulf ports generally ; and at no distant day, it may be foreseen, Louisiana will be 
on a par with, or have outstripped many of her now successful competitors. 

Banks, (*■.— In December, 1850, the bank returns of Louisiana showed that there were al that period 5 banks, and 20 
branch banks in the State, the aggregate condition of which was as follows: Zia^tViiies— capital $12,870,890, circulatiou 

399 



LOUISIANA. 



«6 059o-'9 deposits »9 4M,3S9. and duo other banks $1,384,232 ; and «M<*s-Ioan9 and discounts $l!),Sii8,10S, real estate 
Ja'-iSs'lGs' oll.er investments *2,042,14!1, duo by other banlis t2,223,89C, specie funds $1,200,000, and specie $5,.1C,U01. 
The whole number of banlis arc located at New Orleans, the country banlis being their branches. 

Gov^rnmf,U.-The present constitution, which superseded the first constilution of the StaU<, formed in 1312, was rallied 
bv the Dcople on the 5th November, 1*45. i „ > ^ 

Evcrv free white male person 21 years of ago, two years a citizen of the TJniled Slates, or resident m the State for two 
consecutive years next preceding tlie election, and the last thereof in the parish in which lie proposes to vole, is allowed 
the rifllit of mffrage. Absence from the State for more than 90 consecutive days, unless his house or place of busmess be 
occupied bv his family or servants, interrupts the resi.lence of the absentee. 

The LeyUature consists of a Uouse of lieprescntatives and a Senate; representatives not less than 70, nor more than 
100 in number (now 9T), and IG senators, being half the whole number of senators, are chosen every second year, on the 
first Jlonday in November, and convene at the cajntal every second year, on the third Monday in January. Eepresenta- 
tives nnist be free white males, 21 years of age, citizens of the United States, and residents of the State for the three years 
and residents of the parish for one ve.ir next preceding their election. A census will be taken in 1&.W, and eveo' ten 
years thereafter, which will fonn the biisis of apportionment; but every parish is entitled to at least one representative. 
Senators are chosen for four years. A senator must be 27 years of age, ten years a citizen of the United Stales, four years 
a resident of the Slate, and one ye.ar of the district he represents. Deducting the population of New Orleans from t ha of 
the Stale, the remainder, divided by 28, is the senatorial ratio for the districts. No session of the legislature shall last 
more than CO davs, and no act passed after being 60 days in session is valid. Members may address either bouse m the 
French or En..li^h languages, and the proceedings are published in both languages. Any one who fights a duel, acts as 
second, or sends or accepts a challenge, shall neither hold an office, nor enjoy the right of suffrage m the Slate. 

The Governor is chosen by a plurality of votes, and holds office for four years. He must be 35 years of age, and a citi- 
zen of the United Slates, and resident in the Stale for 15 years next preceding his election. The Lieutenant-governor ,9 
elected for the same term, in the same manner, and must be similarly qualified. The governor ,s ineligible for the fo^ 
yean* succeeding his term. He may veto a bill, but two-thirds of both houses may pass it again, and it thus becomes law. 
The lieutenant-governor is •v^cfficio president of the Senate. , . j. , _, „„j t^ 

The principar adrninMrathe officers are the Secretary of State, State Treasurer, Surveyor-general, A<l|ntant and Id- 
Bpector-^eneral, Auditor of Accounts, etc. The Treasurer is chosen biennially by joint ballot of the legislature. 
^■^I'juaiolary consists of the Supreme Court and District Courts. The Supreme Court consist of =• f^'-'f ' -^- -/^ 
three associate Justices, appointed by the Governor, with the advice and consent of the Senate, for the ^n" °f ^'S^' 
years. The Court sits in New Orleans from the first M. .nd.ay in November to the end of June inclusive. The Supreme 
Court has appellate jurisdiction only when more than $300 is in dispute, when the legality of anjMax '-■; 'l"" "^^ °^^^ 
fines and penalties imposed by municipal corporations, and in criminal cases on pomis of law where '^^»*' '^"'' '^ " '" 
a fine of more than $300 U imposed. The Court may issue writs of habeas corpus in aU eases ^'^^"'J^iZl^^^r 
jurisdiction. If the Judges are equally divided, the ju.lgment appealed from stands afiirmed. The Court b^^j r,j...^.r 
and clerks in New Orleans, Opelousus, Alexandria, .and Monroe. The Slate is divided into seventeen districts. One 
d^ticl judge rappoinled or 'each district, except for the district of New Orleans and Lafayette, where as many are 
a point d I are necessary. District judges must be citizens of the United States, above thirty years -"".J^'J™' "^ *° 
Slate for five years, and have practiced law therein five years. District Courtshave jurisdiction when more than $oO .s at 
stake, andin all criminal cases. . . , « . _ ah «:.^i 

The State has an Attorney-general, and in each district there is a District Attorney, appointed for two years. A cml 
officers, except the governor and the judges, arc removable on an address of a majority of both houses of the 1 g^lature. 
Amendments of the constitution mi.,st first be approved by three-fifths of both houses, then published n 1 e news- 
papers throuMiout the Slate three months before the next general election, then approved by a m.ijori ty of both houses 
in the next succeeding legislature, then published again as before, then submitted to the people, and if ratdicd by a 
majority of voters, the amendments shall form a part of the constitution.* . ■ j « „„j 

The liima of Louisiana consists of 43,823 men of all arms, of which number 1,392 are commissioned office.^, and 
42,431 non-commissioned officers, musicians, artificers, and privates. Of the commissioned officers 10 are general offieera 
55 general stalf officers, 159 field officers, and 1,168 company officers. Every free while male person between the ages of 
IS and 45 is liable to militia duty, unless exempt by law. „ „ , ,v ■, o. f i „k 

The most noted of the benevolent instimlioi.s of the State is the Charity Hospital at New Orleans, the benefits o which 
have been experienced bv thous.inds who have been taken sick in that malarious city, and as many thousands have 
blessed the nursing hand'of the kind sisters whose vocation it may have been to attend to their wants In 1^9 Iho 
number of admissions to this famous hospital was 15,558, of which 1,782 were natives of the United S ales, and WM 
were foreicmers, and 71 were blacks and 12.216 while males, and 8,342 white females. The number of deaths was 2,,46, 
of which 2,-369 were males and 376 females, and 1,122 died of Asiatic cholera, 515 of yellow fever, 224 of typhus fever, 
and 56 of other fevers. The number of patients remaiuing in the hospital on the 1st January, 1850, was .19. The in- 
come of the hospital for the year was ,$89,961 80, and the expenditures $92,998 43, averaging $4 26 for each patient 
Such an institution as this is an oasis in the wilderness of humanity. .. „ , ^ ., 

Finances Deht.% rfcr-fhe financial statement is made up biennially. The total receipts into the treasury for the 
year 1850 wore $1,008,175 91. and for the year 1851 $8:W,247 44-tolal $1,844,428 35; and the expenditures for 1S50 were 
$951 .545 and for 1851 $852,787 54-lot.-U $1,804,332 54, leaving a balance of $40,090 81 for future appropriation. 

In''lS45 the liabilities of Ihe Slate on account of the property banks amounted to $14,321,596 ; this has since been 
reduced $3,744,596, leaviug the liabilities of the Slate in 1850 $10,577,000. The Slate debt proper amounted at the latter 
Dcriod to $915,566. The State holds properly not now productive valued al $3,416,933. 

The eonstilutional provUions respecting legislative finance were made very slringent m the new fundamental law. 
The constitution provides that Ihe credit of tUo State sbaU not be lent to any person or corporation whatever, hut new 



- A convention wa, lield at Tl.ton Bong, in Jnly, 18S3. W re.i.. It,. con«,tul,on, nnj .l,e re.iseJ eon,t,lat,oa -o„tJ be .nbm twJ to «,. peopl. 
for rttificai™ on ,I,e M November of Ibe ..me year. U mif,ed, .t,e general election. »e,e to ..ie place on lb, fo„«b Monday »' De"".t". 
and U e 6r 1 Le,i,lalure »onlJ meet .n ll.e Ibird Monday of January, 1653. Tbe revised con.UluUon provide. I^^.r annual .e.5,on, ., Ihe Leg.^ 
ut" an ile tf e T^ciary and remove, some of tbe restriction, ajainst the State's contracting debts, and permits tlie estabbshneat ol 



corporatione. 

400 



LOUISIANA. 



l)i>:uUmay be issueJ to rcpiacjj uul-sl;uniin'^ b.-mls. No Slate (Il-IjI sIkiII he cmlracted for more than $]oti,(i(iii, cxt't.-pt in 
casL' of war, invasion, or iusurroclion. unUss aiithori/.f't Ity law fur some <li.stiuclly specified object or wnrli, Miiieh law 
sli:tn impnse laxcs to ])ay the current interest (iurine; the whole term of tlie debt, and also to pay the debt il^ell at maturity, 
and tliis l;i\v sIkiU be irrepealable til! liie debt and interest are fully discharged, and shall not go into force till a^ain 
t nacti-d by the next legislature after its lir^t passage. The Slate shall not subscribe to the stock of any company or cor- 
poration. No corporate coniiiany shall be hereatler created, renewed, or extended with banking or dihconnling 
privileges. Alter lS9l) the charters of all cnrporatmns may be revoked, an<l no charier shall now be granted, except for 
municipal or iiolilical purposes fur more than t'» 3 cars. 

'ihe assessed value of all real antl personal ju-operly in Louisiana, on the 1st Jime, 1550, was $220,165,172 ; but the Irue 
or estimate valuation of llic same amounted, aceonliiig to the returns of tiie federal census, to $233.90S,764. 

Ftileral lli'presentutiou. — Louisiana, according to the law of 'JBJ May, ls50, apportioning federal represent ation, is 
cnlitliHl to send four representatives to Oongress. 

U'-UijiouH Penmjimat/o!i.-i.--Thc statistics of the several religious denominations in 1850, as ascertained by tlie census 
oflhal year, were as follows: 



Dftfiomina- 


N 


0, of 


ClMinli 


tioiis. 


CI, 


ri'lies. 


ac-t.rii. 


Eaplisl .. 




T2 . 


15,3oS . 


Cliristiun 




2 . 


1,.W0 . 


CoiiEtri'i;;! 


VI.. 


— . 


_ . 


Dulcli Ki 


1. . 


_ . 


_ . 


Episcopa 




13 . 


4,410 . 






3 . 




Friends . 







I'roi.^rty. 

$3O.4T0 

, 01,U00 



57.900 
10.4^5' t 



Gcnn'n Kef, 



Jewish 

Lutheran . 
Mcnnonite 
Methodist. 
^foravian. . — 
i'resbyter'n. 17 



106 



9,510 



I'roperty. 



1-19,300 



Dpnumina- No, nf 
lions. Cli.ir.lies 


Cliunli 


V..IM. nl 


E. Catholic . 55 . 


8T,'24() . 


. $1,OJ5,C50 


Swedenb'g . — . . 


— . 


— 


Tunkcr — .. 


_ , 


_ 


Union 6 . 


1,S50 . 


8,220 


Unitarian .. — .. 


— 


— 


Univc'l-salist 1 . . 


1,000 . 


100.000 


Minor Sects 2 . 


1,050 . 


59,000 



Making the aggregate number of clmr.-hes 203, valued .as property at $1.7^2.470. and capable of accommodating 104,053 
persons. Louisiana forms a dioeese of lUe I'rotestant ICjiiscopal Church; and the arch-diocese, or province of New Or- 
leans in the Eoman Catholic Church, whieli has for its suffragan sees, Mobile, Natchez, Galveston, and Little Lock. 

Eductitioii. — The constitution provides that " there shall be a superintendent of education, to hold office for two years. 
Free ])ublic schools shall be established throughout the Slate ; the proceeds of lands granted for the purpose, and of lands 
escheated to the State, shall be held as a permanent fund, on which six per cent, interest shall be paid by the Slate for the 
suj^purt of these schools." The school fund, 1st January, 1S,'>0, amounted to $40,272 03, on which $10,lii5 S'4 of interest 
had accrued up to that dale ; and besides the proceeds of the school fund, the yearly sura of $250,000 is appropriated for 
the support of the free schools of the State, and is derived from a mill tax on property, and a poll lax of one dollar on each 
white male inhabitant. The whole number of school districts in the State on the 30th September, 1849, was 521 ; number 
of schoi'Is in operation, 7i>4 ; number of childrcu between G and IG years of age, 53,716 ; average attendance for the year, 
22.927 ; and 20,202 children did not attend school. The average period of tuition was 6 months and 13 days. Amount 
expended for teachers' salaries, $195,359 ; expended for building, renting, and purchasing school-houses, :Jl;>4,089. 'I'here 
are also in almost every parish numerous private, classical, and other high schools. The principal collegiate institutions 
in the State are— the University of Louisiana at New Orleans, founded in 1S49, and established with 7 professors : it has 
also a medical department, which in 1S50 had 7 professors and ISS students; the Centenary College (Methodist), at 
Jackson, founded 1S:39— in 1S50 it had 7 professors, 40 alumni, 94 students, and a library of 5,00(1 volumes; the St. 
Charles College (Eoman Catholic), at Grand Coteau, founded ls:iS— in ISoO it had 21 jirofcssors and 103 students, with a, 
valuable library of about 4,000 volumes ; Baton Kouge College, founded 1S3S— in I8o0 it had 4 professors and 45 sludeot-s ; 
Franklin College, at Opelousas, founded 18:39— in 1S50 it had 4 professors and 70 students; and several others, among 
which are the Catholic Colleges at Baton Rouge and New Orleans, both of which are flourishing institutions. 

Libnuuas.— On-? State library. 7,000 volumes; 1 social library, 10,000 volumes; 4 college libraries, 13,000 volumes- 
being a tni.ll of G libraries and 30,000 volumes. The eensiLs makes no returns of students' libraries, the libraries of acade- 
mies imd professional schools, the lii>raries of scientific and historical societies, nor of school hbrarics, althougli there are 
nnmhers of each description in the State. 

Periodiail Prest*. — The whole number of periodicals and newspapers published in the Stale on the Isl June, 1S50, was 
60, of wliich 17 were whig and 17 were democratic — the remaining 20 being neutral in politics or devoted to literature, 
science, religion, etc. Of the whole number 11 were issued daily, cirenlaling 31,78i) co|iie8 : 2 tri-weekly, 1.900 co])ies; 6 
semi-weekly, 8,300 copies ; 40 weekly. 32,017 copies ; and 1 monthly, 12,200. Among the publications in New Orleans are 
many of the best conducted and most talented papers of the Union; and no other eily can boast of such, a m:ig.ii:inc 
of statistical informalion as Be Bow's Review. 

Pdupei^.-^m iivd Crime. — The whole number of paupers that received supi)ort within the year ending June 1st. 1 ^50, _ 
was 4*J3, of which 133 were native bom, and 290 foreign ; ami the whole number of paupers at the above date was 100, of 
which 76 native born, and 30 foreign annual cost of sui)i)ori, $39,S06. The State Penitentiary is at Baton Rouge. The 
number of convicls remaining in confinement, 1st October, 1S4S, was 152, and the number received during the year fol- 
lowing was 105 — male, 257; 52 discharged, 2 pardoned, 7 died, and 2 escaped— in all 03, leaving, 1st October, ISO, 191. 
The receipts for the year were $49,2S3 74; and the expenditures, $42,62S 09— making a net gain from convict labor 
equal to $6,655 05 

Historical SkHch. — The legends of Do Soto. Marquette, and La Salle, shall not arrest our attention. These wild and 
daring paa-sages belong rather to the romancer than to the historian. Louis XI Y. seized upon the proposal of Iberville, 
and addressed himself in earn-at to a new and vast country, which d:izzleil his ambition. Iberville, and Bienville, his 
brother, founded a colony of Frenchmen on the shores of Louisiana in 1G99. This is the earliest era in the history 
of Louisiana. 

In 1712 the King of Franee^gr-inted a charier to M. Crozat, which covere.l the whole province. The aims of both 
parties were commercial, and included the whole of the Mississippi and its tributary bays, lakes, rivers, and bordering 
territories. M. Crozat was endowed for twenty years with exclusive privileges of trade in these countries— to worfc 
mines for gold and precious stones, with a large share of the results. The laws, edicts, and ordinances of the realm, and 
the customs of Paris were extended over Louisiana. The privileges allowed to Crozat were ample; l^ut so vain are the 
calculations of men when employed upon novel enterprises, they satisfleU not one of his greedy desires after weallh in the 

C S 401 



LOUISIANA. 



Western World. The jjrant was surrendered, nfter five years, into the hands of the king, with the bitter complaint that 
from tlie imliecility of the colony, the strcn;LCth of the Indians, the presence of the Brilbh, and the sterility of the soil, it had 
proved of no kind of value whatever to him, but rather a ruinous expense. 

There settled in Paris about this time a man from Scotland by the name of John Law ; he was a restless projector, a 
daring flnaneicr, and lull of enterprise. This extraordinary man soon succeeded in gaining an influence over (he Duke of 
Orleans, then regent, obtained a charter for a bank of $1,200,000, substituted paper for specie, and set the whr)le French 
nation mad with magnificent schemes of creating wealth, as it were, by the wand of a magician. The Chancellor 
D'Aguesseau opposed this daring scheme with infinite peril to himself. To the Royal Bank of Law was attached a great 
commercial company, in which were to be coucentred all the rights, privileges, and possessions of all Ute trading compa- 
nies then chartered in France. To this company was granted the great territory of Louisiana as it was surrendered up 
by Crozat. All France was in commotion — every man, woman, and child became a financier: the boot-black and collier 
of to-day were the grandees of to-morrow, and their splendid equipages dazzled the bewildered populace. The lioyal 
Bank stock went up to six hundred limes its par value, and dividends were ren<lered at '200 per cent. The exhauslless 
mines near the Mississippi would reimburse any investment, it was said ; but in three years John Law was a bankrupt. Iho 
government itself was prostrated, the deluded votaries of stock-jobbing were untlone, the magnificent Western Company 
— the Mississippi Scheme — became a by-word ; the banking bubble, when inflated to the skies, had burst ! The charter 
of the company was granted for twenty-five years ; it was to have exclusive privileges of trade, and of the purchase 
of beaver skins for exportation. To it belonged by prescription the right to make all Indian wars and treaties, work 
all mines, grant lands, construct fortifications, nominate governors, and appoint inferior judges. Its vessels and creM's to 
be of the French nation, and the descendants of the colonists to be counted natural bom subjects of France, etc. There 
are different accounts of the condition of Louisiana during the time it remained under the Western Company, who 
enjoyed the privileges granted to Law. By some it is represented to have been in a deplorable condition ; while others 
assert that these were the best years which Louisiana knew under the dominion of France, the white population having 
increased from 700 to 5,000, and the black from 20 to 2,000 ; " a vast number of handsome cottages lined both sides of the 
river at the German coast; the culture of rice, indigo, and tobacco, and a regular administration of justice were provided 
for." The Western Company, in despair of finding the gold they had anticipated in Louisiana, from mineral researches 
turned their attention to agriculture. To promote their aims, large grants were made to powerful and wealthy individu- 
als: to Law they granted a plot of twelve miles square. These grantees were to introduce settlers, but they suceeedud to 
an extent far less than was anticipated, while sanguinary Indian wars desolated the colony. The company, in utter 
hopelessness, threw up their charter in April, 1732, which the king accepted, and declared the commerce of Louisi- 
ana thenceforward free. 

The French colonial government was now initiated. The commissioner, Salmon, took possession for the king. The 
new government established consisted of a Superior Council, of the Governor-general of New France, the Governor and 
Commissary of Louisiana, the King's Lieutenant, and the Town Mayor of New Orleans, six councilors, an attorney, and a 
olerk. A war broke out between Great Britain and France in 17G0, the influence of which was felt throughout all America. 
In this war our own Washington began his career of glory. Canada fell into the hands of the English, and rather than 
submit to the consequences, large numbers of its inhabitants sought a home in southern climes, fixing themselves on the 
Acadian coast of Louisiana, or taking their course westward of the river, formed the settlements of Attakapas, Opelousas, 
and Avoyelles. 

France looked to Spain in her emergencies, and the Due de Choiseul, the minister, entered into a family compact with 
the Spanish king on tlie 15th August, 1700, and on the 3d Nov., 1762, a secret treaty between the two governments ceded 
the territory of Louisiana west of the Mississippi, with New Orleans, to Spain. The bad system of government under 
which Louisiana had long suffered, was attended with the consequences which were to be expected from it, and the 
sovereignly of the finest country of the world, says Marbois, a country which might have become another France, was 
of no use to the parent State, but was even a charge to her. After the experience of several years, the government, 
wearied with a possession which its faults and ignorance had made burdensome, felt disposed to abandon iL In 1763 
Great Britain, France, and Spain entered upon the Treaty of Paris, and terminated their difficulties. France abandoned 
to Great Britain all her northern possessions, the whole of Louisiana east of the Mississippi, except New Orleans, and 
the navigation of that river was made free to the subjects of either nation. Thus did France, by her cessions to Britain 
and Spain, divest herself of every foot of teiTitory she held in North America. The private treaty of cession to Spain 
was long held secret, and it was not till 17G4 that B'Abadie wJis ordered by Louis XV. to announce tiie fact to the colony. 
D'Abadie was broken-hearted at the intelligence, and died before he could communicate it. The duty devolved upon his 
successor, Aubry. A day of lamentation and sorrow had dawned upon the Louisianians, and they heard their fate with settled 
gloom. A general meeting of the leadinir inhabitants was hastily assembled in New Orleans, and entreaties were sent up 
to the throne thai this painful treaty might not be made to go into effect. The king declared the treaty to be irrevocable. 
Don Ant. de Ulloa arrived in Louisiana in 1706, appointed, as he professed, by Charles of Spain to lake possession of the 
province. His powers being demanded by the colonists, were not shown, and hence he was notified to depart, which ho 
did in a few days, amid llie universal rejoicing of the people. Scarcely, however, had the colony breathing lime, before 
it was announced that a Spanish frigate was upon the coast, and notwithstanding the threats of the populace, Don Alex. 
O'K^iily, commander of the Spanish forces, landed and sent up a message to Governor Aubry. informing him that he 
was prepared to take ]>ossession of the country, and that any show of resistance would be signally punished. The in 
habitants returned a declaration to the Spaniard. <K-e!aring their intention to abandon the colony, and requested two years 
delay to effect the arrangement O'Reilly consented with apparent cheerfulness and with the warmest professions ol 
regard. Ue soon after landed at the city and todk formal possession in the name of the king. But this disj)lay ot 
clemency was but the precursor of the worst excesses of tyranny. Some of Ihe first citizens were arrested and thrown 
into prison, declared guilty of treason, and tried under the statute of Alphonzo, making it death to incite insurrection 
acainst the king. Sentence and execution followed, " Posterity," says the historian Martin, " will doom this act to puldic 
execration," and posterity, we may add, has already branded it as one of the blackest ifliich it is the shame of history 
to record. What was the precise character of the powers conferred upon O'lieilly has never yet been satisfactorily de- 
termined. The King of France, in writing to D'Abadie at the period of the cession, conceded that the laws, forms, and 
usages of the colony would be preserved, but this does not appear to have been inserted in the treaty of cession. O'Ueilly, 
as soon as he was at case in his government, made a proclamation to the people, <1eclaring himself empowered to 
establish ilial form of government, dependence, and subordination which should accord with the good of his master's 
402 



LOUISIANA. 



service and the happiness of bis subjects in the colony. The laws of S[iain were now c:radually extended over Louisiana, 
and in the end but httle trace of French legislation remained. The transition, however, was not sudden, and little 
inconvenience resulted from it. When tlie American Revolution had progressed, and Spain, in aa endeavor to mediate 
between the conti'stants had failed, the Catholic king prepared himself for war. Galvez, governor of Louisiana, threw 
himself upon the British garrison at Baton Rouge, and captured It. An American minister was sent to Madrid to nego 
tiate a favorable treaty for his countrymen, an<i to obtain for them, if possible, the free navigation of the Mississippi to 
tlie sea. The treaties between Great Britain, Tran'^e, and Spain, and the United States concluded in 1TS3, opened 
the navigation of the river, ceded the Floridas to Spain, and bounded the possessions of the two countries by a line 
eastward of the Slst parallel on the Mississipjii to the .\ppalachicola River, through the middle of that river to Its junction, 
with the Flint, from tlie Flint to the head of St. Mary's River, and down the St, Mary's to tlie Atlantic. These treaties 
were soon followed by embarrassing disputes, in winch tlie Spaniards laid claim to a large tract of country and an exclu- 
sive right to the navigation of that portion, of the Mississippi which passed through tlieU* territories, against both which 
claims tlie United States protested. 

It may be remarked that very Utile, if any, intercourse was tolerated by the Spaniards through the Mississippi, with the 
people of the United Slates. Any attempt to navigate the river, or lo introduce merchandise inl^^) New Orleans by boats 
was resisted and the properly seized. About the year 17ST, General Wilkinson, a revolutionary officer, conceived the 
design of making a setllement of American families in Louisiana, for which he exjtected to receive some commercial 
favors from the Spaniards, lie descended tlie river to New Orleans with a small a<lventuro of tobacco, flour, etc., and 
by an artifice, so worked upon the fears of Miro, the governor, that he was disposed to listen to the proposals of opening 
a traffic with the people of the Western States. Miro flattered himself that the result would be a division of the States of 
the Union, and that those westward of the Alleghanies would attach thcmselvoa to tlie interests of Spain. In 17S3 the 
navigation of the Mississippi was conceded to the young West, on condition of its forming an empiiro distinct from that 
of the Atlantic Stales. That the people of the West entertained the project can not be denied, but on second thoughts 
returned loyally to their country, and on the admission of Kentucky into the Union, the whole scheme of separation fell 
through. 

In 17S)0 it was again attempted to procure from Spain the navigation of the Mississippi for the United States, also the 
island on which New Orleans is situate, and the Floridas. The propositions were not assented lo, but five years after the 
American [)lenipotentiaries signed, at San Lorenzo, a treaty stipulation for the freedom of the river to their counlriTnen, 
and a freedom lo use for ten years the City of New Orleans as a dep6t fur their merchandise. 

Spain had no sooner signed the treaty than she began lo regret her liberahty. Her alliance with France and the 
position of the United States, determined her by all means to hold on to the territory of Upjier Louisiana, which she 
had agreed to cede. In vain the United States sent its officers to take possession of tiie ports and settlements — in vain 
the settlers protested against the delay. A magnificent scheme had been planned and was in progress, the design of 
which was ti» prevent Louisiana forever from falling into the hands of the American government. The Baron de 
Canindolet endeavoretl to sound General Wilkinson on the sulyect, and to bring him over to the plan by flatteries and 
by the most liberal olTers. Wilkinson, however, dismissed the messenger witli an expression of views little favorable to 
the project that had been opened to him. The blame or innocence of the general on these premises is a canv;issed subject, 
and need not be further mentioned in this connection. Nor need we here mention his connection with Burr on a future 
occasion, further than to sl.ite that whatever plans of aggrandizement either might have entertained were never brought 
to fruition, and are subjects now only interesting to the historical antitiuary. 

Tlie face of European affairs in May, 179S, influeneed the American people to put on their armor. Washington was 
again appointed to the head of the army, and difficullies with regard Ut Louisiana, and consequent losses to the govern- 
ment, forced upon all minds the absolute necessity for the acquisition of New Orleans, whatever might be tlie hazard. 
Louisiana, indeed, occupied an unenviable position at this time. She had been abandoned by France, and the French 
people had regarded the cession witli regret and indignation, so much so, indeed, that on the breaking out of hostilities 
■with the Spaniards, Mons. Genet, the young and nish minister from France, employed himself, immediately after his 
arrival, in devising and carrying out a comprehensive scheme for tlie invasion of Louisiana with troops and arms procured 
in the United States. How hiscom-se was denounced at Washington — Iiowhc appealed from the President to tlie people — 
and though his conduct was disowned by his own government, how tliat same government demanded the restoration of 
liOuisiana to the French Republic, are matters of general history. In other respects was the position of Louisiana remark- 
nble. The United St.ites had long been regarding with jealousy the existence of a territory in the hands of a foreign 
power, capable of inHuencing the destiny of the great central valley. A plot had been laid, too, by an American citizen. 
Blount, then governor of T<-nnessee, the object of which was to throw down njton Louisiana, during the wars between 
Englan<l and Spain, in 1797, through the medium of the western waters, large numl>crs of British troops from Canada. 
The plot was discovered, Biount degraded by the Senate, and the English Government exonerated from the charge of any 
knowledge of the proceedings. The eyes of Spain were not closed to the difficulties of her position. Bonaparte had by 
this time assumed the reins of government, and he cherished the idea of bringing back to the parent country a province 
lie conceived had In-en vmnaturaliy severed froWi her. Ills sophisms soon prevailed over Spain ; he represented " that 
Louisiana, restored to France, would be a bulwark for Mexico, and a security for the tranquillity of the Gulf.'' On the 1st 
October, ISOO, was concluded the celebrated treaty of San lldefonso, and Louisiana again became a French colony. 
Eonaparte took immediate steps to enter upon his new possession. Gen. Victor was appointed Commissioner for" accept- 
ing the transfer, and proclamations announcing the changed circumstances of the colony were issued. The Louisiauians 
prepared an address in reply, in which they declared that the proclamations had filled the people with joy, and that they 
already felt the happiness of their reunion with their .nncient nationality. Every thing, indeed, seemed favoralile for the 
re-establishment of the French goveniment in tlie province— and all was r.joicing and congratulation, when a vessel 
arrived at the lcv6e from Bordeaux, and the news soon spread that the Corsican had sold their country and themselves to 
the neighboring republic. The treaty of Paris, signed llith April, ISO!*, had ceded Louisiana and all its ;i])purtenances for- 
ever lo the United Slates ; and the United States had agreed to pay 00,000,000 francs to discharge certain claims of their 
citizens on France. The difficulties which immediately followed the acquisition were perplexing: and even in the United 
Stales many there were who viewed the treaty as unconstituli<inal ; but, like all difficulties, these came to an end, and the 
American flag waved over the city of New Orleans on the 2oih December — the same day having witnessed the descent 
of the Spanish ensign and the elevation of the tri-culor, the latter only having been raised to be re-placed by the stars and 
stripes. 

403 



LOUISIANA. 



The first act of Govcrnnr Claiborne, on taking; the chair of authority, was to organize a judiciary, wliich he did by es- 
tablishing a Court of Pleas, consisting of seven justices. The Act of Congress, 20th March, 1S04, established a territorial 
government, Louisiana was divided into two sections, of which that now constituting the State of the same name was to 
be known as Ilie Territory of Orleans. The Act provided fur a governor, appointed for three years, a secretary for four 
years, a legislative council of thineen freeholders, a judiciary, according to the regulations of the legislative council, but to 
be appoinlf it by the Tresident. The period that elapsed between the Act of 1S04 and the one of 2d March, 13')o. whk-h 
set up another territorial government, was one of dissatisfaction to the people. They complained that the governor was 
unacquainted with the language, their laws, and their interests, and that he favored only his own countrymen, etc. On theae 
BUbjects the citizens mt-nioriali/.cd Congress. The council as established in the meanwhile passed several acts bearing 
upon the proper organization ot the territory, dividing it into 12 parishes or counties, with inferior courts in caeb. inslitut- 
ing modes of procedure, defining crimes, etc., chartering the city, and establishing (on paper) a university. The effect 
of the dissatisfaction before alluded to product-d the tcrril<»rial act uf 1S05, by wliich Ctmgress set up a government in 
Louisiana simitar to that of the Mississipjii Territory, and jtrovided for its admission into the t'nion when it should have 
6(l,iJ00 inhabitants. This act gave to the people the election of a legi.siature, and to the legislature the election of a legis- 
lative council or Upper House. The first acts of the new government were the adoption of the '■ code Noir," or black code, 
for the government of the slaves, and the appointment of a commission to prepare a civil code based upon the former 
laws of the country. The latter was comjilcted in ISC'S, and embraced, besides the compilation of the old codes, many of 
the provisions of the " code Napoleon." 

Having settled these points, Louisiana was prepared to meet the position of things, wliich was forced upon her in 
relation to Spain, and in the anxieties which arose in relation to boundaries, and the opposing claims of the two nations, 
it is likely tliat hostilities would have occurred, had not the intimation of a vast scheme on foot for the separation of the 
western country from the Union, at the head of whicli was Aaron Burr, influenced Gen. Wilkinson and the Americans 
to compromise matters with the Spaniards, and concentrate every thing to meet the tlireatencd danger. The reports 
which reached Louisiana each day in relation to this ])!ot M'ere alarming ; military preparations were being urged on all 
sides, and Burr himself, after a ri'ward olTered for liis arrest, was taken at Fort Stoddard, and conveyed to IMchmond. 

The crmflicting claims of the United States and ^jiain, to the strip of teiTitory east of the Mississippi liiver, and south of 
the 31st parallel to the Perdido liiver, were brought to something like a crisis in ISIO, by the seizure of the Spanish 
post at Baton Rouge, the holding a. convention at St. Francisville, declaring their independence, and setting up a 
constitution, and, by a proclamation of the President, taking po-session of the territory. The event was peaceable, and 
the parishes of Feliciana, East Baton liouge, St. Helena. St. Tammany, Biloxi. and Pascagoula were soon after established. 

On the lltli February, 1311, an act of Congress was passed to enable the inhabitants of Louisiana to form a constitutiou 
and State government, if the same should be the desire of the people, signified by the calling of a convention. This body 
being called, assembled at New Orleans, anil unanimously signed a constitution b:jsed upon that of Kentucky, on the ■22d 
January, 1S12. This constitution was superseded by that of 1S15, and anotlicr constitution, or a revision of the latter, is 
uow about to be voted on by the people. 

The share that Louisiana took in the war of 1S12, though signalized in history, is so familiar as to require only a short 
notice. Wilkinson took possession of the country west of the I'erdido. then in the occupation of Spain. The English 
eolonel, Nichols, arrived at Pensaeol.a, and made proclamation to all Knglishmen, Spaniards, and Frenchmen to join his 
Btundard, and resist tlie encroachments of the United States. To the people of Kentucky this oflicer proposed similar 
terms ; and to tlie jirivateer La Fitte and his followers at Barrataria, he was most prodigal in his offers. The overtures, 
says Marbois, were repelled with indignation, and the men who saw no degradation in enriching tJiemselves by plunder, 
had a horror of treason. The course of General Jackson, in relation to the Spaniards and English at Pensacola, is 
familiar to all. 

An attack on New Orleans being now inevitable, the most extraordinary preparations were made to raise forces, and 
provide fortifications an<i armaments to meet tlic impending danger. The city was all excitement, "The people were 
preparing for battle, as if for a party of pleasure," says a historian ; " the streets resounded with martial airs, several corps 
of militia were constantly exercising, every bosom glowed with the feelings of national honor." The west was pouring 
down upon the city—martial law was proclaimed. The battle of New Orieans, of Sth January, 1S15. was fought and won 
to the liigh honor oflhe American people; and the lasting laurels of the great man who commanilcd, and who. whatever 
his faults, is becoming every day more and more honored in the memory of his grateful :;nd admiring countrymen. 

The history of Louisiana, since she has become a State, has yet to be written. The unintcrnipted prevalence of peace 
incur country takes away from this chapter those lively features which characterize anterior periods. Tlie records of 
revolution, of changhig dynasties, of deeds of arms, and high renown, are not presented hero, and perhaps to the general 
reader the whole is a hopeless blank. But to those seeking higher views of individual good and national destiny, the 
onward march of llie arts of peace, the extraordinary develoi)ment of industrial resources, the unmatched augmentation 
of population and wealth, the erection of an opulent State, with laws, government, and order, in a former French and 
Spanish province, are events worthy of the highest efforts of the historian, replete with interest, and descning of careful 
study. 

Baton Eouge, on the cast bank of the Mississippi, has been the seat of government since the constitution of 1S45 went 
into effect, until which time New Orleans was the State capital. 



LonsiANA, p. v.. Pike co., Mo. : on the left bank of the 
Mississippi, about 2 m. below the mouth of Salt r., S2 m. N. E. 
Jefferson City. It has a good landing, and considerable 
river trade. It contains several stores, warehouses, and 
pimber yards, and 1,340 inhabitants, of whom 130 are slaves. 
Two weekly papers are published. the"L. Weekly Eecord" 
(whig), and the "Democratic Banner." 

LoirisvrLLE. p. o., Barbour co., Ala.: 8 m. E. of Pea r., 
57 m. S. E. Montgomery. 

LoTjiflviLLE, p. v., and cap, Jefferson co., Oa. : a little E. 
of Ogcechee r., 54 m. E. by S. Milledgeville. It contains a 
cotirt-house, formerly the State house, an academy, jail, and 
404 



200 inhabitants. Here the Legislature of the Stale met from 
1S35 to 1837, and here, on the 18lh February. 1796, the cele- 
brated Y(noo Acts were burned. 

LorrsviLi-E, p. v., Clay co.. III.: on the W. bank of 
Little Wabash r., and E. side of Twelve Mile Prairie, 94 m. 
S. E. Springfield. 

LoiMsviLLE. p. city, port of entry, and cap. Jefferson co., 
Ki/. : on the S. or left bank of the Oliio r.. at the head of 
the rapids. 51 m. W. Frankfort. Lat. ;?ao03' N., and long. 
850 30' W. — 500 m. W. by S. W.isbingfon ; and by the course 
of the river G25 m. below Pittsburg, and S94 m. above the 
mouth of the Ohio. Jefferson ville, the terminus of the 



LOU 



LOU 



Jelfcrsonvillc K. E. from IiKUanapoHs, lies on the opposite 
silk- of the river. The navij^rition of the Ohio is here intcr- 
niptod by rapiJs, and exctpt in the time of flood Louisville 
h the natural head of steam navigation, but tlie navigation 
is continued around lliis obslruetion by means of the Louis- 
ville and Portiand Canal, which is capacious enough to 
admit the passage of the largest river craft. It is 5(J feet 
wide, 10 feet deep, and 2} m. in length. Its influence in 
directing tra<Ie to Iho upper ports, however, is supposed to 
be pr^iudieiai to Louis\'i!Ie. 

Thiseity is the commercial and manufacturing melropolis 
of the ^tate, and is the natural entrep6t of a large country, 
reached by several railroads antl turnpikes. The lines of 
railroad diverging from this point (including those in 
prouTe-;s> are tlie Louisville and Lexington R. K., which at 
Lexinglt'ii connects with railroads lo the Gulf and Southern 
Atlantic ports, the Louisville and Covington K. 11., which 
at the latter place meets tlie railroads of Ohio and tliose 
j)oinling to Boston, New T*)rk, Philadelphia, Baltimore, 
litchmond, etc., and the Louisville and Nashville B. li., 
pointing to the South, and the JefTersonville B. E. gives it 
access to the N. ami N. W.. via Indianapolis. A company 
lias also been organb,ed for the purpose of bridging the Ohio 
at Louisville. Hitherto the railroads have had comparatively 
little influence on its trade; their benefits are in the future. 

Louisville was laid out as early as 177-3, but no settlement 
was made for the subsequent five years, nor until after the 
expulsion of the British from their posts on the Wabash. 
The first block house was built in 1778, but this was subse- 
quently removed lo make way for Fort Nelson, erected in 
lT-'2. In 17S0 the town was established by an act of the 
Legislature of Virginia. At this period the inhabitants 
numbcTed only thirty. In IStlO the population amounted to 
6ni): inlSlOtol.300; in 1S20 to 4,000 ; in 1S30 to 10,341; in 
1S40 to 21,210 ; and in ISoO to 43.19G. 

The city is built on a spacious sloping plane 70 feet above 
low Avator mark, and is laid out with regularity, the streets 
int.rsectini: at right angles, in a direction with and from 
the riv-r.on whicli are extensive wharves. Ten streets run 
p.^^a^eI with the river, and thirty streets intersect them. It 
cunlains the County Court-house and a City Hall, both ex- 
tensive and handsome eilifiees, the county jail, the city 
prison, a marine hospital, and numerous br nevolent institu- 
tions, the Tnivcrsify of Louisville, a School of Medicine, 
and a Law School, departments of the University, and two 
banks and one branch bank, two savin<;s banks, several 
insurance companies, etc. It is liberally supplied with 
churches and schools, some of the cliurch buildings being 
fine specimens of arch il^' dure. Louisville may prou<lly 
claim a pre-eminence both as to the early foundation, the 
progress and the present condition of its pul)iic schools, and 
within the limits of the city there are besides many private 
and church schools, which would compare well with the 
best eastward of tlie mountains. It has orplian asylums 
and a Ma^rdalen retreat, a school for the blind, a pul>Iic hos- 
pital, and many other lilierally supported establishments, 
designed to relieve the unfortunate of the city. The streets 
are lighted with gas, and it is supplied witli excellent water: 
both accommodations by companies. Its hotels are spa- 
cious and fitted with every convenience, and its markets 
abound in all esculent products, for which the vicinity is 
famed. Among the literary and scientific institutions of 
the city the most prominent are the Mercantile Library 
Assnci.ation. the Kentucky Historical Society, the Agricul- 
tural and Horticultural Society, etc. The whole number of 
church buildings is 4G, capable of accommodating 19.610 
persons, and valued as properly at $590,900. Of these 5 are 
Baptist, .3 Kpiscopal, 17 Methodist, 5 Presljyterian, 4 German 
]-:vangelical, 1 German Lutheran, 1 German Reformed, 
2 Disciples, 1 Unitarian, 4 Roman Catholic, and 2 Jewish. 
The public press of Louisville is conducted with great 
tiilcnt, and several of the papers are rich in statistical 
Information. The daily papers are the " Democrat" (dcm.), 



''Journal" (dcm.), the "Advertiser" (ncut.), the "Courier" 
(whig), the "Journal of Commerce" (whig), and the "Bco- 
bachter am Ohio" (Germ.), and of these the Democrat and 
the Journal have tri-weekly and weekly editions, the Adver- 
tiser and Beobachter semi-weekly and weekly editions, and 
the Courier and Journal ol Commerce weekly editions. 
The weekly papers, others than those above named, are the 
"■Presbyterian Herald" and the "B.aptist Banner" (relig.), 
and the "Indian Advocate," and the monthly periodicals 
are the "Baptist Review" (relig.), the " Ciceronian Maga- 
zine" (liter.), the "Mciiical Journal" (med.), and the 
"Examiner," devoted to liie cause of negro emancipation. 
The papers having the largest circulation are the Democrat, 
Journal, and Courier. 

The manufactures of Louisville are very extensive, and 
embrace a great variety itf objects. It has several founde- 
ries and machine-shoi)S, at whicli a vast amount of ma- 
chinery, etc., Is annually turned out; several large steam 
bagging factories and ropewalks, cotton and woolen facto- 
ries, tobacco factories, flouring mills, distilleries, breweries, 
agricultural implement factories, and numerous other estab- 
lishments, small and large, which in the aggregate con- 
stitute a vast industry. Louisville is also extensively engaged 
in ship-building, and in the year ending .30th June, ISoO, 
no less than Zi steamers, of G,4G0 tons, were built in the 
district. The shipping owned at the period specified amount- 
ed to 14,820 tons, all navigated by steam and employed in 
the river trade. 

As a commercial and shipping point, Louisville is the 
third in importance on the (>liio. Its immediate trade ex- 
tends into all the surrounding country, and embraces, 
within the State of Kentucky, a circuit of the most pro- 
ductive region in the world. Its wharves are at all times 
thronged by steamboats and other river craft, carrying to 
and fro a merchandise in amount infi^rior only to that com- 
ing to and going from Cincinnati and Pittsburg. The value 
of its commerce has been estimated at $70,000,000 per an- 
num. Its exjjorts consist chiefly of tobacco, bagging, rope 
and cordage, s|)irits. pork, fiax and hemp, live-stock, ma- 
chinery for steamboats and railroads, factories, mills, and 
farms, and a great amount of groceries and assorted goods, 
which are carried to every river-town, or to the sea-board 
fi.tr exportation ; and its exports comprise ever>' article and 
product needed in its interior commercial range. In tho 
year ls")0 its chief imports were as follows: Sugar, 1-3,320 
hhds., 9,200 bis., an<l 755 boxes ; molasses, 13,010 bis. ; coffee, 
34,572 bags ; rice, 752 tierces ; bagging, 65,250 pieces ; rope, 
56.300 coils; twine, 2.056 bales; hemp, 15,354 bales; cotton, 
7,>^57 Iiales ; cheese, 20,37S boxes ; flour, 75,350 bis. ; whisky, 
o9.s97 bis. ; liquors and wines, 5,9SS casks ; nails, 45.261 
kegs ; tobacco, 7,425 hhds. and 6,530 boxes ; salt — Kanawha, 
112,250 bis.; Turks Island, 40,525 bags; and Liverpool, 
10,350 bags; merchandise, 105,750 boxes, bales, and pkgs. ; 
drugs, dyes, etc., 14,37S pkgs.; hides, 1S,S91 dozen; mer- 
chandise. 5.132 crates and casks ; hogs for slaughter, 197,750 ; 
pork, 75.500 bis., etc. In addition to this quantity of pork, 
there are annually received thousands of tons of bacon by 
wagon, etc., which is packed in this city in casks, ami largely 
exported. The detail of the exports can not well be ascer- 
tained, as no record whatever has been kepi of Ihem ; but 
some estimate may be formed as to their amount from the 
foregoing. Steam-packets, carrying the mail and passen- 
gers, come and go several limes daily. It is estimated that 
at least 10 steamboats leave the port daily, and also from 6 
to 7 packets. 

The following statistical information is from Mr. Casse- 
day's History of Louisville: "Louisville contains 25 exclu- 
sively wholesale dry goods houses, whoso sales are made 
only to dealers, and whoso market reaches from Northern 
Louisiana to Northern Kentucky, and embraces .i large part 
of the States of Kentucky, Indiana. Tennessee, Alabama, 
Illinois, Mississippi, and Arkans;is. The aggregate amount 
of annual sales by these houses is ?5,S53,oao, or an averagd 

405 



LOU 



LOW 



of $234,000 to each house. The sales of three of the largest 
of these houses aniount in the aggregate to $1,789,000. Nei- 
ther this statement nor those which follow include ^y auc- 
tion sales. In boots and shoes, the sales of eight houses of 
the above description reach $1,1S4,000, or $1S4,000 to each 
house. The sales of the three largest houses iu this business 
reach $630,000. The aggregate amount of eight houses in 
drugs, clc. is $1,123,000, or $140,375 to each house ; and the 
Bales of the three largest houses amount to $753,000. The 
sales of hardware by nine houses amount annually to 
$590,000, being an average of $65,555 to each house. The 
sales of saddlery reach $930,000, of which nearly onc-lialf 
is of domestic manufacture. The sales of hats and caps, 
necessarily including sales at retail, amount to $6S3,000. 
The sales of queens-ware, less reliably taken, reach $265,000. 
There are thirty-nine wholesale grocery houses, whose ag- 
gregate sales reach $10,623,400, which gives an average of 
$272,400 each." Tlie amount of imports, before given, will 
perhaps afford a better idea of lliis business than these 
figures, and hence are referred lo. The following recapitu- 
latory table will enable the reader to see at a glance all that 
has just been stated : 



Description of Number 
Buaniess. of Huiiaes. 



A^^renate Annual Av*>raf;r> Srilc't 

Sales. ofeatli House. 



Groceries 39 $10,623,400 $272,400 

Dry Goods 25 5.853,000 234.000 

Boots and Shoes . . 8 1 ,1 &4,000 145,000 

Drugs S 1,123,000 140,375 

Hardware 9 590,000 65,555 

Queens-ware .... 6 265,000 44,166 

Hals,Caps,F's,etc. S 683,000 S5,375 



Total . . 



. 103 . 



$20,321,400 $197,395 



Louisville was named by the Virginia Legislature after 
Louis XVI. of France, in commemoration of his alliance 
with tiie great Kepublic of the West, then just rising from 
its i)robationary condition of colonial dependence. 

Louisville, p. v., and cap. "Winston co., 3/i.sw. .* S2 m. 
N. E. Jackson. It contains a court-house, jail, 3 academies, 
several large stores, and 400 inhabitants. The " L. Tele- 
graph" is published weekly. 

Lo^Is^^LLE, p. o., Lincoln CO., M>. : 64 m. N. E. Jeffer- 
son City. 

Louisville, t. and p. v., St. Lawrence co., N. Y. : on the 
St Lawrence, 169 m. N. N. W. Albany. Drained by Grasse 
river. Surface unduhiting; soil fertile loam, lying upon 
limestone. Agriculture is the leading interest. The v. lies 
on Grasse r., and contains a bank and several stores. Pop. 
of t 2,054. 

Louisville, p. v., Stark co., Ohio : 104 m. N. E. by E. 
Columbus. It is on the Ohio and Pennsylvania E. E., 
12 m. from Alliance. 

LonsviLLE, sta.. Licking co., Ohio: on the Sandusky, 
Mansfield, and Newark K, K., 7 ra. from Newark. 

Louisville, p. v., IJlount co., Teim.: on the S. or left 
bank of Tennessee r., 154 m. E. by S. Nashville. 

LoinsvTLLE Landing, p. v., SL Lawrence c^.. A"! Y. : on 
the bank of St. Lawrence r., 172 m. N. N. W. Albany. 

LouTRE Island, p. o., Montgomery co., Jfo. : near the 
entrance of Loutre r. into the Missouri, 41 m. E. by N. Jef- 
ferson City. 

Lovelace, p. o., 'SN'^Ukes co., 2T. Car. : 1C2 m. "W. by N. 
Ealeigh. 

LovELACEViLLE, p. 0., Ballard co., Ky. : 242 m. W. S. "W". 
Frankfort. 

LovELADT, p. 0., Caldwell co., N. Car. : 15S m. "\V. by N. 
Ealeigh. 

LovELAND, p. c, Clinton co., Penn. : S2 m. N. "W. by N- 
Ilarrisburg. 

LovELAND, p. V. and sta., Clermont county, Ohio: 82 m. 
6. W. by W. Columbus. Tiio sta. is 27 m. from Cincinnati, 
by the I-itlle Miami It. R.. and from this point the Cincinnati, 
Hillsboro'. and Parkersburg E. R. diverges. 
406 



LoTELiA, p. v., Monroe co., la. : 11 m. "W. S. W. Iowa 
City. 

LovELL, t and p. o., Oxford co.. Me. : 07 m. "W. S. "W. 
Augusta. It contains a large, and many small ponds, send- 
ing out branches of Saco r., on one of which is a curious 
fall, of 40 feet perpendicular descent. Soil very fertile, and 
water-power and timber abundant. Pop. 1.106. 

Lovely Mount p. o., Montgomery co., Virg.: near New 
river, 167 ra. W. by S. Eichmond. 

Love's Mills, p. o., "Washington county, Virg.: 235 miles 
"W. by S. Eichmond. 

Love's, sta., Baltimore co., Md. : on the Baltimore and 
Susquehanna E. E., 20 m. N. of Baltimore. 

LovETTsviLLE p. V., Loudon county, Mrg. : 114 miles N. 
Eichmond. 

LovETTs, p. 0., Adams county, Ohio: 78 miles S. by "W. 
Columbus. 

LovEviLLE, p. v.. New Castle co., JOel. : S9 m. N. Dover. 

LovisGSTON, p. v., and cap. Nelson count)-. Virg.: 76 m. 
"W. by N. Eichmond, It contains a court-house, jaU, and 
several stores. 

LoviNGTON, p. v., Moultrie co., Ill : 46 m. E. Springfield. 

Lowell, p. o., Eandolph co., Ga. : on Patoula cr. near 
its entrance into Chattahoochee river, 149 miles S. "W. 
Milledgeville. 

Lowell, p. v., Henry co., la. : on the left bank of Skunk 
river, 57 m. S. Iowa City. 

Lowell, p. o., Johnson co., A\ Car. : 26 m. S. E. Ealeigh. 

Lowell, t. and p. o., Penobscot co., Me. : 91 m. N. E. 
Augusta. A large pond lies on the N., and Passadumkeag 
river flows through the S. into the Penobscot, turning sev- 
eral lumber-mills. Lumbering is tlie principal occupation. 
Pop. 37S. 

Lowell, t., p. city, and one of the caps. Middlesex co., 
Mass. : 24 m. N. "W. Boston. Drained by Concord r., which 
falls into the Merrimac in the N. E. part of the town. Low- 
ell was taken from Chelmsford in 1S2G, and embraces also 
some ten'itory and the v. of Belvidere, E. of Concord r., 
formerly belonging to Tewksbury. Tlie city lies at the con- 
fluence of the Concord, in lat. 42"^ 3&' 46" N., and long. 
71=^ 19' 02" W. It is this city which, from tlie amount, va- 
riety, and character of its manufactures, has been appro- 
priately designated the "Manchester of America." Few 
other places in the Union have sustained so rapid a growth. 
In 1S20 scarely 200 inhabitants were found within»its limits, 
nor was it until 1821 that the site was chosen whereon to 
establish a manufacturing community. In the next suc- 
ceeding year the Merrimac Manufacturing Company, with 
a capital of $1,500,000, was established, and their first mill 
went into operation in 1S23. From these small beginnings 
the city has risen to its present eminence and world-wide 
celebrity. In thirty years what a change ! 

In 1S50 it had ten manufacturing companies making cot- 
ton or woolen goods, and two other companies — one bleach- 
ing and the other owning the machine shop, and the 
aggregate condition of the establishments of each at that 
period was as follows : 

P„_ When Compnny Nn. No. of No, nf HnnJs Emp. 

^.ompaniei. c..m\!. C.npital. Mills. Spiml's. Looms. M. F. 

Mcr.Manf. Co. 1S23 $2,500,000 6 69,440 2,108 645 1,014 

Ham. Maf. Co. 1S25 1,200,000 4 8S,416 1,124 825 840 

Appleton Co. 1S2S 600,000 2 17,920 600 120 400 

Low. Manf.Co.lS2S 1,500,000 3 11.3G2 154 225 550 

Middlesex Co. 1S32 1,000,000 4 16,340 403 575 730 

Suf. Manf. Co. 1S32 600,000 3 17.523 590 100 400 

Tremont Mills 15-32 600,000 2 J4560 557 100 400 

Law. Manf. Co. 1S33 1,500,000 5 44,800 1,3S3 200 1,200 

Low. Bleaeh'y ls.32 262,400 - _ — 200 20 

BoottCot.Mill3ls3C 1,200,000 5 49,434 1,432 202 870 

Mass.CoLMillslS40 1,SOO,000 6 45.720 1,556 250 1,250 

Low. Mach.Sh. 1S45 600,000 - — — 700 — 



Total 



$13,302,400 40 325,520 9,900 3,702 8,274 



LOW 



LOW 



In Ihe ton cotlon and woolen establishments, consisting 
of 1. .riy mills, the weekly consumption of cotton was 705,4011 
noimJs and of wool 09,000 pounds; and the number of 
vardsof fabric produced was 2,135,477, of which 1,190,000 
v,rds were cotton, 20.477 woolen, 16.000 carpeting, and 40 
ru-'s In the dyeing and bleach works the goods finished 
pcT week amomited to 9,SS9,000 yards. In tliese raanufac- 
lurcs llie consumption of coal was annually 2S,520 tons, of 
charcoal S4,993 bushels, of wood 2,270 cords, of oil 10i,5i i 
g illuns of starch 1,390,000 pounds, and of Hour 1,(140 bar- 
rels The whole of these establishments are warmed by 
steam and lighted with gas. The average wages of fem-tles, 
clear of board, is $2 per week, and the average wages of 
men, clear of board, 80 cents a day. Medium produce of a 
loom, No. 14 yarn.'is 45 yards a day, and of No. SO yarn, S3 
yards-average per spindle, U yard a day. The Middlesex 
Companv also own the Waracset Carpet Mill on Concord 
Kiver, where are consumed annually 93,000 pounds coarse 
wool and 30,400 pounds of worsted yam, pro.lucing annu- 
ally 91,000 yards of ingrain carpeting. Other manufactures 
are produced in the city than those specified above, of a 
value of $1,500,000, employing a capital of $400,000, and 
about 1,500 hands, and embracing several dlBerent handi- 
cralls-powder-mills, paper-mills, batting-mills, a foun.lery, 
a j.lanin^'-mUl, etc., owned by in.lividuals. The Lowell 
Machine Shop, included among the establishments noted in 
the lable, can furnish machinery couiplele for a mill ol 
6,000 spindles in three mouths, and a niill can be built in 

the same time. , , t , 

The association called " The Proprielors of the Locks and 
Canals on the Merrimac Eiver," are the principal owners 
of the water-power at Lowell. This company was organ- 
ized 1792. for the construction of a canal from the head of 
Pawtucket Falls, in Merrimac Kiver, to Concord Eiver, and 
open a passage for boats and rafts. This canal is 1} m. 
long, 00 feet wide, and or S deep, and is stiU used to some 
extent for its original puqjose ; but the company's revenue 
chiellv consists of rents for supplying water-power to the 
several mills. In 1S47 this canal was found to he insuffl- 
clenl for the increasing wants of the community, and the 
company constructed a new canal of greater capacity: this 
b a mile long, and 100 feet wide, and 15 feet deep, and for 
eolidity of workmanship and completeness in its arrange- 
ments, is unsurpassed by any like work In the Union. The 
facilities thus created have been the means of building up 
the important manufactures which distinguish the place, 
and place it so far ahead of all other manufacturing 
centres. 

Lowell, as a city, is regul.arly planned, and has many im- 
portant public buildings'and institutions. The Court-house, 
City Hall, Market-house, Hospital, Mechanics' Hall, etc., 
are edifices worthy the greatness of the place. The Me- 
chanics' Hall was erected by an association of mechanics 
in Ivlo, and is a splendid building, with philosopliical ap- 
paratus and a mineralogical museum, and lectures on sci- 
cnliflc and literary subjects are delivered in it at slated 
periods. The library, containing about 7,000 volumes, is 
open to all at a charge of 50 cents a year. The Hospital 
was erected in 1S39 by the several companies, for the con- 
venience and comfort of persons employed by them re- 
spcetivciy when sick, and is under the superintendence of 
an able surgeon and physician. 

Among the institutions of Lowell, perhaps none speak 
more louiily of a moral community tlniii its two savings in- 
stitutions— the Lowell and the City. The Lowell had on 
deposit the first Saturday of November, lS.)ii, from 4,009 
depositors $7S6,6-M 12 ; and the City, from 015 depositors 
J75,970 51. The operatives in the mills are the principal 
depositors in these institutions. For business purposes 
Lowell has four banks. 

The churches of the city are many of them neat and sub- 
6lantial edifices, and ate twenty-tliree in number, including 
eeclnries of every denomination. These are wcU attended 



by the young people employed in the mills. Schools are 
also amply provided for. The appropriation for tlio pur- 
poses of education in 1S50 was $48,000, which goes toward 
the support of the City High School, 10 grammar scliooU. 
and 40 primary schools. The total expenditure of the city 
in the same year was $178,014. The public press of Lowell 
consists of one daily, two tri-weekly, three weeklies, and 
two monthly publications. The daily is the "L. Journal" 
(whig), which has also a weekly edition ; the tri-weeklies are 
the ■' L. Advertiser" (whig), and "L. American" (dem.), the 
latter of which issues also a weekly edition; the weeklies 
are the "Palriot and liepubliean" (.1cm.), the "Vox I'op- 
uli," and the " Business Directory ;" and the monthlies, the 
"New England Ofi'ering," and the "Insurance liilelli- 
gencer." The " Oficring" was originally written and edited 
by the ladies attached to the factories, and w,is one of the 
best edited periodicals of the State, reflecting credit alike 
on the fair editors themselves .nnd the institutions which 
could furnish education snfliciently extended to fit them for 
such occupations. 

A reservoir of great capacity has been built on the high 
ground in Belvidere, e.ast of "the city, for the purpose of 
'furnishing a ready supply of water to any part of tho city 
in cases of fire. The water is convoyed into the reservoir 
by force-pumps from the Lowell Machine Shop. Pipes are 
l;Ud from the reservoir to various parts of the city, at which 
points hose can be attached to the hydrants without delay, 
when necessary. 

Tlie railroads diverging from Lowell are the Salom and 
Lowell E. E., the Boston and Lowell E. E., the Nashua 
and Lowell E. E., and the Lowell and Lawrence E. K.; 
and these connect it with the se.a-board and interior, and 
make it a great centre of transportation and local trade. 

The population of Lowell in ls30, was C,474; in 1S40, 
20 796, and in 1S50, .33,383, being an increase from 1S30 to 
1S40 of 221.22 per cent., and from 1S40 to ISbO, 00.52 per 
cenl. The present (1853) populati.m can not bo less than 

■'0,000. „ ,, , „ 

LowELl, t. and p. o.. Dodge CO., Wlw. : 33 m. N. E. by E. 
Madison. Draiiie.l by Beaver dam (or Crawfish) r., the \V. 
branch of Eock r. and its branches. Soil superior for grass 
growing. Pop. 8;i4. 
Lowell, p. o., Oneida CO., K Y. 

LowTSLL, p. v., 'W.ishington co., Ohio: on tho left bank 
of Muskingnm r., 8:3 m. E. by S. Columbus. 

Lowell, t. and p. o., Orleans co., Verm. : 3S m. N. by E. 
Montpelier. Mississippi r. rises in the S., and furnishes 
water-power. Surface somewhat rugged, but soil mostly 
fertile and productive. Pop. 037. 

Lowell, p. v.. La Salle county. III. : on the W. side of 
Vermillion r., 109 m. N. by E. Springfield. Here are con- 
siderable falls in the river, .and extensive mills. 

LowELLTiLLE. p. v., Mahoniug CO., Ohio : on the left bank 
of Mahoning r., 145 m. N. E. by E. Columbus. 

Lower Baktlett, p. v., Coos CO., K Ilamp. : on Saoo r., 
01 ra. N. N. E. Concord. 

Lower Bern, p. o., Berks CO., Penn, : 43 m. E. by N. 
Ilarrislntrg. 

Lower CnAXCEPOEn, t. and p. o., York co., Pcnn. : 38 m. 
S. E Uarrisburg. Susquehanna r. bounds it E., and .Muddy 
cr., which furnishes good water-power, on the S. and W. 
Surface varied, and soil very productive. The Tidewater 
Canal passes through it along the Susquehanna. 

Lower Columuia, p. a, Coos co., N. Uamp. : 100 m. 
N. bv W. Concord. 

L.jwer Gilmanton, p. 0., Belkn.ap co., ^l !/"mp- ■ IS in- 
N. E. Concord. 

Lower Lawresce, p. v., Washington co., O/no: 92 m. 
E. S. E. Columbus. 

Lower Maiiantango, t. and p. o., Schuylkill county, 
Penn.: 29 m. N. E. Uarrisburg. Drained by Deep and 
Swatara creeks, on which are Large saw-mills. Surface 
mountainous; soil in the vaUcys very fertile. Anthracite 

40: 



LOW 



LUC 



coal is largely found and conveyed east and west by rail- 
roads. 

Lower MARLDORorcn, p. v., Calvert co., Md. : on the E. 
side of Paluxenl r., 24 m. S. S. "W. Annapolis. 

LowEE Meiuon, t and p. o., Montgomery co., Penn. : on 
the W. side of the Schuylkill, S6 m. E. by S. llnrrisburg. 
Drained by Mill and Cobb's creeks, and well supplied with 
water-puwer. Surface moderately uneven, and soU a highly 
cultivated loam. It is extensively engaged in manufacturing 
cotton and woolen goods, paper, etc. The Columbia and 
Philadelphia It. E. and Philadelphia and Iteading E. E. 
pass through it. 

Lower Newport, p. v., Washington co., Ohio: on the 
Oliio r., 9G m. E. S. E. Columbus, 

Lower Peacu Tree, p. v., Wilcox co., Ala. : on right 
bank of Alabama r., 76 m. W. S. W. Montgomery. Here 
is a good landing, several stores, and 2M0 inliabitants. 

Lower Salem, p. v., Washington county, Ohio : 66 m. 
E. by S. Coiumbus. 

Lower Saucox, t. and p. o., Northampton co., Penn. : on 
the S. side of Lehigh r., S3 m. E. by N. Uarrl^burg. Drain- 
ed by Saucon cr., and well fiirnislied with mill privileges. 
Surface hilly, and soil adapted to grass or grain. Two 
bridges cross the Lehigh, along which the Lehigh Naviga- 
tion Canal passes. 

Lower Squaskiim, p. v., Monmouth co., JVI Jer,: 34 m. 
E. S. E. Trenton. 

Lower Three Euns, p. o., Barnwell dist, S. Car. : on a 
branch of Savannah r., GG m. S. S. W. Columbia. 

Lower WAXERFonn, p. v., Caledonia co., Verm. : near the 
Connecticut r., S3 m. E. by N. Montpelter. 

LowERY,p. o., Barnwell dist., .S'. Car,: S. W. Columbia. 

LowEviLLE, p. o., Meriwether county, Gn. : 97 m. W. 
Milledgeville. 

Low Hamptok, p. v., Washington co., y. Y. : 51 m. 
N. N. E. Albany. It is near the Rutland and Washington 
Kail road. 

LowniLL, t. and p. o., Lehigh co., Penn. : 69 m. E. N. E. 
Harrisburg. Surface hilly; soil gravelly loam and mostly 
productive. It has considerable trade in lumber, and several 
small manufactories. 

Lowndes county, Ala. Situate S. centrally, and contains 
8C9 sq. m. Drained by Pintala, Big Swamp, and Mask 
creeks, affluents of the Alabama, which is its N. boundary. 
Sm-face rolling or gently uneven ; soil of average fertility. 
Cotton and com are the leading crops. Swine are fed in 
great numbers, and the export of pork is very large. It 
has several mill streams, and a good growth of pine forest. 
Farms R74; manuf. 2; dwell. 1,354, and pop. — wh. 7,25S, 
fr. col. 8, si. 14,649— total 21.915. Capital: Ilaynesville. 
Piiblic Works: Montgomery and Mobile Eailroad (i>ro- 
jected). 

Lowndes county, Ga. Situate S., and contains about 
1,650 sq. m. Drained by Allaijahaw r., its E. bounilary, 
Withlacoochee, LitUe, and New rivers, all branches of the 
Suwanec, which flows into the Gulf. Surface level or undu- 
lating; sod various— in parts very fertile, in parts sandy bar- 
rens. It is generally well wooded, and has some excellent 
timber near the rivers. Cotton, com, buckwheat, and 
pot-atocs produce largely, but the great business is raising 
cattle and swine. Live-stock, beef, butter, and pork are the 
exports. It is on the S. line, and the State boundary is in 
dispute with Florida. Farms 649; manuf. 2; dwell. 932, 
and pop.— wh. 5,845, fr. col. 22, si. 2,4S4r— total S,351._Ca;)i- 
tal: Troupsvillc. PuUic Works: Brunswick and Florida 
E. E. and Albany Branch E. E. 

Lowndes county, Misn. Situate N. E.. and contains 539 
sq. m. Drained by Little Tombigbce r. and its numerous 
branches. Surface undvdating, and somewhat uneven ; soil 
very fertile. Cotton is the great staple, and it is one of the 
largest cot ton -growing counties in the State. Corn yields a 
good crop, and some parts grow wheat. II has fine water- 
power and extensive and rapidly increasing manufactures. 
403 



Lying at the head 4if navigation on the Tumbigbec, it haa 
easy access to market, and is the ovillet for a largo district. 
Farms 725; manuf. 63; dwell. 1,168, and pop.— wIl 6,523, 
fr. col. 2S, 8l. 12,993— totid 19;541. Capital : Columbus. 

Lownues, p. o., Wayne county, Mo.: 137 ni. S. E. 
Jefferson City. 

LowNnESBOROCGH, p. 0., Lowudcs coxmiy.^Alit.: IS m. 
W. by S. Montgomery. 

LowND>sviLLE, p. o., Abbcville dist., S. Car. : about 5 m. 
E. of Savannah r., 94 m. W. by N. Columbia. 

Low I'oiNT, p. v., Woodford co., lU. : 71 m. X. by E. 
Springfield. 

Low Point, sta.. Duchess co., JV". Y. : on the left bank of 
the Hudson, 11 m. S. of Poughkeepsie by the Hudson Uiver 
E. E. Here is a ferry to Newburg on the W. side, and a 
convenient landing for vessels and steamboats, with "several 
large warehouses. 

Lowr.ANCE's Mill. p. o., Lincoln co., 21. Car. : 113 m. 
W. by S. Ealeigh. 

LowKT, p. o., Athens co., OMg: 81 m. S. E. by E. 
Columbus. 

LowHY's Crossing, sta., Bedford co., Vifff-' ^9 m. W. of 
Lynchburg, on the Virginia an<l Tennessee E. li. 

LownvviLLE, p. v., Madison co., III. : 68 m. S. by W. 
Springfield. 

LowRYviLLE, p. T., Hardin co., Te7in. : 103 m. S. W. 
Nashville. 

Low's Corner, p. o., Sullivan county, y. K; 84 m. 
S. W. by S. iVlbany. 

LowviLLE, t. and p. v., Lewis co., 2^. Y. : 122 m. N. W. 
Albany. Drained by branches of Black r., which turn 
many saw and grist mills. Surface rolling; soil very fertUe, 
especially in the E. on Black r. A superior farming I., well 
timbered. The v. is near Black r., and contains a bank, an 
incorporated academy, a dozen stores, several mills, and 
800 inhabitants. Two weekly papers are published, the 
"L. County Eepublican" (dera.), and "Northern Journal" 
(whig). Pop. of t, 2,377. 

Lowvn-LE, t. and p. o., Columbia co., Wise: 24 m. 
N. by E. Madison. Surface slightly broken, and sod line 
grain land. Pop. 297. 

LovDSviLLE, p. v., Belmont co., Ohio: 103 m. E. by N. 
Colunibus. 

Lot's Cross Eoads, p. o., Anderson co., Te?i7i. : 154 m. 
E. Nashville. 

LiTBEc, t. and p. v., Washington co.. Me. : at the W. en- 
h-ance of Passamaquoddy Bay, 146 m. E. N. E. Augusta ; 
soil fertile. The chief interests are commerce and the fisheries, 
and centre in the v., which occupies a point of land extend- 
ing into the harbor, 3 m. from Eastport, The harbor is of 
easy access, admits vessels of any size, and is well protected 
by Grand Menan and Campobello islands. On the most E. 
point of the t. is W. Quoddy Head light-house. An cxten^ 
sive coasting trade is carried on, and cod and mackerel fish- 
mg largely followed. Pop. of t. 2.814. 

LuBEo Mills, p. o., Washington co., Me. : 141 ra. E. N. E. 
Augusta. 

Lucas county. la. Situate S. middle, and contains 432 
sq. m. Drained by Fox cr. and Chariton r. of the Missouri, 
and While Breast lUver, and other branches of the Des 
Moines. Surface rolling, and soil fertile, adapted to grass 
or grain, and generally timbered, with a sufficiency of 
mill-seats. Little settled. Farms 32; manuf. 0; dwell. 
92, and pop.— wh. 471, and fr. ool. 0— total, 471. Capital: 
Polk. 

Lucas county, Oliio. Situate N. W., and contains 832 
sq. m. Drained by Ottawa and Maumce rivers, and Swan 
cr., emptying into Maumce Bay, the W. end of Lake Erie, 
which is the E. boundary of the county. Surface generally 
even, and soil mostly feriile. Wheat, corn, oats, and bar- 
ley grow easily anrl produce well. It is a goo<l grazing co., 
and rears many catde, and exports much pnrk. Water- 
power is abundant, and its manufactures, already large, are 



LUC 



LUZ 



growing rnpitlly. It has considerable lakL'-tnule, and is the 
great Ihorou^'hfare for "W. IniVL-l and froiyht, by water 
and land routes. Farms CS3 ; manuf. 101; <lwen. 2,2'25, 
and pt.p.— wli. 12:22% fr. col. UO— total 12,::J0:i. Cipital: 
Mauiuce Ciiy. Public Worls: AV abash and Kric Canal; 
Krie and Kalamazoo K. R., clc. 

Lucas, p. o., Kichland county, O^iio: 06 m. N. by E. 
Columbus. 

LucAsviLLE, p. T., Scloto CO., Ohto : on tbo kft bank of 
Scioto r., Ti m. S. Columbus. 

Lucerne, p. o., 'Washl^.-nau co., Jfirh. : 51 m. S. E. 
Lansing. 

LucnKSE, p. o., Knox co., Ohio: 47 m. N. K. Columbus. 

LuciNDA FuKNACE, p. c, Clarioti CO.. Ptiin.: US ra. 
W. N. W. llarrisburg. Here is a charcoal furnace of 1,500 
tons annual capacity. 

Lucky Hit, p. o., Limestone co., Ala.: 17G m. N. by "W. 
Munii^oniery. 

LuDA, p. o., ■\VashiUi co., Ark: : SI m. S. 8. W. Little 
Lock. 

Ludlow, t. and p. v., Hampden county, Mai^fi.: 73 m. 
"W. by S. lioston. Drained by Chicopee r. and its branches, 
which afford good water-power. Surface agreeably un- 
even; soil ])roduclive and well tilled. It is mostly a farm- 
ing t. and Well wooded. In tlie S. on the Chicopee, and 
near the Western li. li., is a Uiriving manufacturing village 
where are cotton factories with abundance of water. Pop. 
of t. I.ISO. 

Ludlow, p. o., Scott co., Miss. : E. Jackson. 

Ludlow, sla., Hamilton co., ()hi»: S m. N. of Cincinnati, 
on tlie Cincinnati, Hamilton, and Dayton li. U. 

Ludlow, t. and p. v., "Windsor co., Vt.rm.: CI m. S. 
Montpelier. Drained by Black and Williams' rivers, which 
afford excellent water-power. Surface hilly, and soil finely 
a,dapted to grazing. Live-stock and wool are valuable ex- 
ports. The V. is on Black r., and has a large trade and 
growing manufactm-es. It contains a flourishing academy, 
and several stores and mills, and is 28 m. by the Rutland 
and Burlington R. R. from Bellows Falls. Pop. of t. 2,063. 

Ludlowville, p. v., Tompkins co., iV. }' ; on Salmon cr., 
near the E. side of Cayuga Lake, 146 m. W. Albany. TIic 
cr. has a very large fall here, and in the v. are G or 8 mills, 
and GOO inhabitants. 

Lumber Bridge, p. c, Robeson co., JV. Cm'.: S5 m. 
S. by W. Raleigh. 

LuMUEP, City, p. o., Telfair co.. Go. : near the confluence 
of Oconee and Ocmulgee rivers, 89 m. S. by K. Mil- 
ledgeville. 

LuALBERLAND, t. and p. o., SullIvan co., K. Y.: On 
Delaware r., 96 m. S. "W. by S. Albany. Drained by 
Mongaup r. and other branches of the Delaware, on which 
are great numbers of large saw-mills. Surface hilly, and 
soD gravelly loam, and densely covered with pine and oak 
timber. The soil is little tilled, but luml)cr, which is 
exported by the r. and canal in immense quantities, and 
leather, are products of great value. The Delaware and 
Hudson Canal passes along the r. in the S., crossing it at the 
mouth of Lackawaxen cr., and the Erie R. R. enters the t. 
some miles above from the Pennsylvania side. Pop. 2,6;^. 

LuMBERPOP.T, p. o., Harrison county, Virg.: 203 m. 
N. W. by W. Richmond. 

Lumber River, sta, Horry district, S. Cm: : on the 
"Wilmington and Manchester R. R., 72 m. from Wilmington. 

LuMBERTON, p. V., and cap. Robeson co., jV. C'«/"..' on the 
E. bank of Lumber r., 83 m. S. by W. Raleigh. It contains 
a court-house and several stores, and is engaged in the 
turpentine and lumber trade. 

LuMBESTON, p. 0., CUnloa cotmty, Ohio: G5 ra. S. W. 
Columbus. 

LuMUERTON, p. v., Burlington co., K. Jet: : 19 m. S. by "W. 
Trenton. 

LuMBERViLLE. p. T., Bucks CO., Peiin. .' CD Ihc right bank 
of Delaware r., 9G m. E. by N. Harrisbiu-g. The Delaware 

D 3 



division of the Penii-sylvania Canal passes through it, 27 m. 
S. of Easton. 

LuMi'Kix county, Ga, Situate N.,and contains MGsq. m. 
Drained by Chestatie r, a branch of the Challahonclu'e. and 
Etowah r. of the Coosa, heads of the Alatiaiua and Appa- 
lachicoia respcelively. Surface rugged and mountainous, 
with beautiful fertile valleys on the streams. Corn and 
pork are the staples. It has some excellent grazing and 
gootl dairies, and raises line wheat in small quantities. It is 
in the heart of the gold region, and has the richeat mines 
E. of the Mississippi, and a branch mint at its ca]>ital. 
Farms 59S; manuf. 0; dwell. l,;!.sl, and pop.— wh. 7,9;)3, 
fr. col. 22, 8l. 939— total S,9o4. Oipitnl : Dalilitncga. 

LuMi'KiN, p. v.. anil cap. Stewart county, G'l. : \2Z m, 
S. W. by "W. Milk-dgeville. It contains a court-house, jail, 
a dozen stores, and 300 inhabitants. 

Lumpkin's, sta., Burke co., O".: on the Augusta and 
Waynesboro' R. R.. 41 ni. from Augusta. 

Li:.\ENiiCT.G county. Vinj. Situate S. E., ;tnd c->n1ains 
40S sq. ra. It has Xott<tway r. on the N., an-l Meti-.Trin r- 
on the S., which form the Chowan, and is drained by their 
branches. Surface diversiflcd agreeably, with sonie coa- 
aiderable hills; soil of good fertility, yicMing great crops of 
tobacco, which is the staple product, and fair crops of corn 
and wheat. It has many mill-streams and small manu- 
factories. Farms 5+S; manuf. 13; dwell. 820. and pop. — 
wh. 4.310, fr. col. ll'D, si. 7,187— total 11,692. CajtiUd : 
Lunenburg C. H. 

Lunenburg C. H., p. v., and cap. Lunenburg co.. Virg.: 
61 m. S. W. Richmond. It contains a brick court-house, 
jail, and clerk's ollice, and 150 inhabitants. 

Lunenburg, t. and \). v., Worcester co., Mim.: 39 m. 
W. N. "W. Boston. Drained by branches of Nashua r., 
which are fed by three large ponds. Surface elevated and 
uneven ; soil clayey and adhesive, and generally iiroductivo. 
Farming and grazing are the leading pursuits, but it manu- 
factures boots and shoes, leather, cabinet-ware, and agrienl- 
lural implements, etc.. in small amounts. The Fit<-liburg 
R. R. passes through the S. part, and has a sta- there 8 m. 
E. of Fitchburg. Pop of 1. 1.249. 

LuNENnuRG, t. and p. o., Essex CO., Vtnn. : on C-mnec- 
ticut r., 45 m. E. by N. Monlpelier. It lie3 immediately 
above the Fifteen Mile Falls on that r., and is well furnished 
with water-power by Neal's and Catbow branches. Surface 
uneven and soil very stony, but mostly fine pastiu-e. Cattle 
and dairj- products are the chief exports. Pop, 1.124. 

Luney'6 Creek, p. o., Hardy county, Virg. : 161 m. N. "VV. 
Richmond. 

LuEAY, p. v., Henry county, Ind. : 44 miles E. N. E. 
Indianapolis. 

LuRAY, v., Licking co., Ohio : on the S. branch of Licking 
river, 23 m. E. Columbus. Pop. 88. 

LuRAY, p. v., and cap. Page co., Virg. : on a branch of 
Shenandoah r., SS m. N. W. by N. Richmond. It contains 
a court-house, several stores, an<l 500 inhabitants. 

LiTTHERSBURG, p. V., Clearfield cohnty, I'enn.: 113 m. 
W. N. W. Harrisburg. Limestone is quarried near it. 

LuTiiERSViLLE, p. o., Mefiwclher co., Ga. : 97 m. W. by N. 
Milledgc\iUe. 

Luzerne county, Penyi. Situate N. E., and contains 
1,265 sq. m. Bounded S. E. by Lehigh r., and W. by the 
Susquehanna, and drained by its numerous brandies, the 
largest, Lackawanna r., and its aflluents, draiiiirig the N. 
half. Surface much diversified, in parts Tug:-^i.-i\ and bntken, 
with lovely valleys; soil generally very fertile; parts are 
unlillable. Oats, com, wheat, buckwheat, rye, and jjotatoes 
are all fine crops, and produce largely. It is a fine griuing 
region, and feeds great numbers of sheep, and markets 
much live-stock, beef, and pork. Anthracite coal abounds, 
and forms a valuable export. It has great facilities Ibr 
manufactures, which are very largely prosecule.l, especially 
of flour, iron, iron-ware, and lumber. l'"arms 1,936; 
manuf. 175; dwell. 9,587, and pop.— wh. 05,699, fr. col. 373— 

409 



LUZ 



LYN 



total 56,072. Capital: Wilkeabarre. PuUIg Worka : 
Lackawanna and Western E. K. ; Cobb's Gap E. E. ; 
Pennsylvania Coal Co. E. E. ; Korlh Branch Division of 
Pennsylvania Canal, etc. 

LrzF-RNK, t. and p. v., "Warren co., K. Y. : 36 m. N. Albany. 
Bounded W. and S. by Uudson river, on which are Hadley 
and other large falls. Surface very hilly in the E. ; on the 
Hudson level bottom of t^reaX fertility. Lumber is the chief 
produet. The v. ie on tlio r, and contains several mills and 
SOO inhabitants. Pop. of 1. 1,300. 

Lycoming county, Penn. Situate N. centrally, and con- 
tains 927 sq. m. Drained by W, branch of the Susquehanna, 
and Pine, Lycoming, Lycosock, and Muncy creeks, its afflu- 
ents. Surface broken and mountainous in the middle ; more 
even, thoutjh hilly, in the N. and S. parts. Soil of great fer- 
tility, especially on the streams, in its numerous valleys. 
AVheat, com, buckwheat, rye, oals, and potatoes are the 
staples, all growing excellent crops of superior quality. It 
is eminently a grazing co., pasturing large numbers of cattle 
and sheep, with fine dairies and valuable exports of butter, 
cheese, wool, and pork. Water-power it has in abundance, 
and superior timber. Its manufactures are varied, extensive, 
and employ a large capital. Iron, flour, lumber, leather, 
liquors, and woolen goods are made. Farms 1,561; manuf. 
232 ; dwell. 4,5S6, and pop.— wh. 25,890, fr. col. 367— total 
26.257. Caidtal : WiUiamsport. Puhlic Works: Penn- 
sylvania Canal ; WiUiamsport and Elmira E. E. 

Lycoming Ckeek, p. o., Lycoming county, Pejvii. : 78 m. 
N. by W. Harrisburg. 

LvELL's Store, p. o., Eichmond county, Virg. : 44 m. 
E. N. E. Eichmond. 

Ltman, t. and p. c, York co.. Me. : 74 m. S. W. by S. 
Augusta. Drained by a branch of Saco r. and Kennebuuk 
r., which rises in apond near its centre. Surface somewliat 
uneven, and soil fertile and well cultivated. The York and 
Cumberland E. E. passes near the N. comer. Pop. 1,376. 

Lyman, t. and p. v., Grafton co., JV. JIamp. : on the Con- 
necticut river, 7S m. N. N. W. Concord. Drained E. by 
branches of Amraonoosue river. Surface uneven, but not 
mountainous. Soil generally productive, and good pasture 
land. The v. is on the Connecticut, which has several falls, 
and is crossed by a ferry. Pop. of 1. 1,442. 

Lyman Centee, p. v., York co., Me. : 76 m. S. W. by S. 
Augusta. 

Lym ANsviLLE, p. V., Pottcf CO., Penn. : 119 m. N.W. by N. 
Harrisl)urg. 

Lyme, t. and p. v., New London co., Coiin. : at the mouth 
of the Connecticut, on the E. side, 89 m. S. S. E. Hartford. 
Drained by Blackball and Four Mile rivers, and other small 
streams flowing into the river and Sound. Surface in the 
S. mostly level, with extensive salt meadows; in the N. 
broken and stony, wilh much excellent pasture. Farming 
and grazing are leading interests, and wocl a considerable 
export. Small factories of cotton and woolen goods are 
operated on the streams, and the indentations of the coast 
afford several harbors and give it facilities for commerce. 
The village is a wide street, lined with fine farm-houses, 
half a mile E. of the river, and has a landing for steam- 
boats and a ferry to Saybrook. The New Haven and New 
London E. E. crosses the town, and connects with the W. 
side of the river by a ferry. The station at the ferry is 16 m. 
W. of New London. Pop. of t. 2,663. 

LvNre, t. and p. v.. Grafton co., N. Hamp. : on the Con- 
necticut, 62 m. N. W. by N. Concord. Drained by small 
affluents of the Connecticut, on which are numerous saw- 
mills. Surfaeo moderately uneven, and soil generally fertUe 
and well timbered. The village is on the Connecticut, and 
contains a flourishing academy and several stores. Pop. 
of t. 1,618. 

Lyme, t. and p. c. Huron county, Ohio : I?? m. N. by E. 

Columbus. Drained by Pipe cr., which flows into Lake 

Erie. Surface level, and soil superior for grain-growing. 

The Toledo, Norwalk, and Cleveland E. E., and Mad Eivcr 

410 



and Lake Erie E. E. pass through it and intersect near ita 
W. line. Pop.l,S59. 
Lyncubiteg, p. v., Campbell co., Vtrff.: on the S. side 

of James r., 22 m. below Balcony Falls, and 91 m. W. by S, 
Eichmond. Lat. 37° 36' N., and long. 79° 22' W. The 
James Elver and Kanawha Canal, now fluished W. to the 
mouth of North r., is at present the great channel of its 
commerce with the sea-board ; but it is soon to be connected 
E. and W. by a magniHccnt line of railroads— the South 
Side E. E. to Petersburg, 120 m., and Eichmond. 122 m., 
and the Virginia and Tennessee E. E., and connections to 
and beyond the Ohio r. and the Mississippi, passing through 
the principal commercial centres of the great interior basin ; 
these lines are rapidly being completed, and before the ex- 
piration of the year 1S55 the whole will be in operation. 
The V. is well located for business and health, on ground 
rising gently from the river, and on every side environed by 
magniUcent scenery, overlooked on the W. by the lofty 
peaks of the Blue Kidge mountains, rising in one place — 
the Peaks of Otter — to an elevation of 4,260 feet above the 
sea level. In 1793 Lynchburg contained but five dwellings, 
and it is now one of the largest, most wealthy, and busy 
places of the State, and has an amount of trade surpassed 
by no other place between the Ohio Eiver and the Atlantic 
sea-board. Its buildings, public and private, are substan- 
tial, and in many instances handsome structures ; and ila 
warehouses are large and filled with the produce of a wide 
tributary country. It has 6 or 7 extensive tobacco ware- 
houses, in wliich from 10,000 to 12,000 hogsheads of tobacco 
are annually inspected, and there are some 25 or 30 tobacco 
factories, each of which on an average turn out 1,500 boxea 
annually. Cotton and iron are also manufactured here to a 
considerable extent, and there are several extensive flouring 
and other mills. Lynchburg has three banks; and there 
are published in the v. three newspapers, the '' L. Virgin- 
ian*' (whig), the "Virginia Patriot" (whig), and the "L. Ee- 
publican" (dem.) ; the water-power apytlicablc to manufac- 
tures is large and valuable, and has been greatly increased 
by a dam above the v., which latter also creates the reser- 
voir or source of the water supplied to the inhabitants, which 
is raised to an elevation by means of pumps and distributed 
through pipes. Below tliis, and connecting the city with 
the opposite bank, a bridge crosses the river, over which ia 
the road to Charlottesville. Pop. about 8,000. 

LYNcnniTitG, p. V. and sta., Highland co., Ohi^: on the 
E. branch of Little Miami river, which affords several fine 
mill-sites. 63 m. S.W. by S. Columbus. The station is 10 m. 
from Hilisboro', on the Cincinnati, HUlsboro', and Parkers- 
burg E. E. 

LYScnmniG, p. o., Lincohi co., Tenn.: 56 m. S. by E. 
Nashville. 

Lynciibukg, sta., Sumter dist., S. Car. : on the Wilming- 
ton and Manchester E. E., 2S m. from Manchester. 

Lyncu's Creek, p. o., Marion <listrict, .S'. Car. : on the 
stream so called, S7 m. E. by S. Columbia. 

Lyncu's creek, S. Car. : rising in North Carolina, after a 
S. S. E. course of 125 m. flows into Great Pedee r., and is 
navigable through half its length. 

Lynch's Lake, p. o., Williamsburg dist., S. Car. : 81 m. 
S. 9. E. Columbia. 

LYN'cnwooD, p. c, Kershaw dist, S. Car. : on the W. 
side of Lyneh's cr.. 47 m. N. E. by E. Columbia. 

Lyndeborough, t. and p. o..Hillsl)orough co., J^.Ramp.: 
26 m. S. W. by S. Concord. Draineil by branches of Sou- 
hegan r. Surface rough and stony, but it has very superior 
pastures, and some good farms. Pop 963. 

LvNPON, p. v., Whitesides co.. III.: about 1 m. W. of 
Eock r.. 134 m. N. by W. Springfield. It was the former 
cap. of the co., and contains an academy, several stores, and 
450 inhabitants. 

L-v^DON, t. and p. v., Caledonia co,, Venn. : S5 m. N. E. 
Montptlier. Drained by Passumpsic r. and its branches, 
which supply it with an abundance of excellent water-power- 



LYN 



LYT 



The Great Falls of the Passumpsic descend 05 feet in 30 rods, 
■wiihm the t., and the Little F:iUs IS. Surface undulating, 
and soil rich loam, free from stone, and of easy Ullage. 
Live-stock, wool, an.l dairy products, form heavy exporls. 
The V. is on the Passumpsic, and contains an academy, 
and several manufactories. The Conuccticut and Passuaip- 
sic llivers E. E. passes through the t Pop. of t 1,752. 

Lv.vuoN Cestee, p. o., Caledonia CO., Verm. : 37 m. N. E. 
Montpelier. 

LvsooNTiLLE, p. T., Otleaus CO., M T. : on Johnson's cr. 
24i; m. W. by N. Albany. It contains several mills and 
stores, and .500 inhabitants. 

LvNibviLUJ, p. v., Granville county, jV. Car.: 65 m. K. 
Ealeigh. 

L-iN-v, t., p. city, and port, Essex co., JAiss.; 9 m. 
N. E. Boston. The town extends some 6 m. along the sea, 
and is almost surrounded with natfir. On the W. is Saugus 
river, on the S. tlie harbor, on the S. E. the ocean, and on the 
N. are the Lakes of Lynn, a chain of ponds. The S. part 
of the t. is an ineUned plane, bounded on the N. by bold por- 
phvritie hills, beyond which the surface is thickly covered 
with limber. From its S. E. comer, extending into the 
ocean 4 m., is Nahant peninsula, at the S. extremity of 
which is located the celebraled watering-place of the same 
name. Phillip's Point, another peninsula, is also a line 
summer re-sort, and in the N. part of the t. is a noted min- 
eral spring, much frequented by invalids. The city of Lynn 
is pleasantly situated, and well laid out in broad and airy 
streets, and has an excellent harbor. Lat. i'>P 27' 51" N., 
and long. 70O 67' 25" V,'. It contains 15 churches, 10 
school-houses, an academy. 2 banks, a savings institution, 
2 insurance offices, and several literary, scienlilie, and benev- 
olent insUIutions. Two newspapers, the " L. News (whig), 
and the " Bay State" (dem), are issued weekly. It is eele- 
brate.l for lis manufaclure of ladies' shoes, and its extensive 
e,.d and mackerel fisheries. The shoo business is the life 
of L> nn. Only womens', misses', and childrens' shoes are 
made h.re. Engaged in thU business, there are of manu- 
faeUirers, or men who " carry on the business," S9 ; of cul- 
lers or men who "cut out" the shoes, 175; of men and 
bovi employed in " making" shoes, 2,45S; of men and boys 
so'enipl.>yed, but living out of the town, about 900; of 
women and girls employed in "binding" shoes, 4,925; of 
the same so employed, and living out of the town, about 
l.COO; making of employees an aggregate of 10,06S. The 
number of men and boys employed in making shoes is 
more than 70 per cent now than it was in 1S42. The iu- 
crease in the number of women and girls employed in bind- 
ing shoes has been correspondingly great. The number 
of pairs of shoes made last year (1*19), was 3,540,000 pairs. 
The cost of material of these was $1,.535,545 ; that of making 
them $957,030-making the cost of the 8,540,iioo pairs of 
shoes to have been $2,892,575. Shoe-making was a princi- 
pal bu.'iness of the inhabitanU before the Eevolulion, and 
hence the people of the "City of Shoes" ought to be en- 
dowed with good nnaerstandhiffS. The population of the 
town in 1790 was 2.291: in ISOO, 2,S37; in ISIO, 4,0S7; m 
1320, 4.515; in 1S30, 6.13S; in 1*10, 9.3C7, and in la^O, 
14,259— the increase for the last two decennial periods hav- 
ing been upward of 62 per cent. The Easlera E. E. passes 
thI^™gh Lran, 9 m. from Boston. 

LvNN. p. o., Susquchauna CO., Pam.: 114 m. N. N. E, 
narriaburg. 

Lvs.x, p. o., Eandolph county, In,.l. : 53 m. E. by 'W. 
Indianapolis. 

Lynx- Ca-mp, Knox county, Kij.: 93 m. S, E. by S. 
Frankfort. 

Lv.NSFrELD, t and p. v., Essex CO., Mass. ; 13 m. N. Bos- 
ton. Prained by Ipswich and Saugus rivers, which afford 
good water-power. Surface rugged ; soil unproductive, 
with some arable land of superior quality, mostly well wood- 
ed, and In parts covered with largo f. .rests. '\Voolcn9, bo<jt3 
and shoes, uon-ware, and several kinds of tools, etc., are 



manufactured. Its romantic scenery makes it a favorite 
res.jrt in summer of parties from the neighboring cities. 
The South Eeading Branch of the Eoslon and Maine E. E. 
passes through it, and has a sta. G m. W. of Salem. Pop. 
of 1. 1723. 

LvNKFiELD Centre, p. v., Essex CO.. Mass.: lo m. >. 
Boston, 

Ltnxfobd, p. o., JefTcrson counly, A'l/. : 41 m. IIV. 
Frankfort. 

LvNXviLLE, p. v., Morgan county, //''..■ 37 ni. 'ft. by S. 
Springfield. 

LvKX-viLLE, p. o., Jasper co., la. : 79 m. W. of Iowa 
Cilv. 

LvssviLLE, p. v., Warrick co., Iml. : 121 m. S. Vf. by S. 
Indianapolis. A plank-road leads hence t<i Newburg on the 

LvNSTilxE.p. v., Lehigh county, Penv. : (14 m. E. N. E. 
Ilarrisburg. Here is a furnace of 800 Ions capacity. 

"lv.nsvilee, p. o., Giles co., Tcim.: on a branch of Elk 
r., 54 m. S. by W. Nashville. 

Lyons, p. v., Clinton co., la. : on the Mississippi, 71 m. E. 
bv N. Iowa City. 

LvoNS, t. and p. v., Ionia county, ific/:.: 33 m. Ji. W. 
Lansing. Drained by M.aple ami Grand rivers and their 
branches. Surface level or roUing. S.)il a rich alluvium, 
producing fine grass and grain. The v. is 1 m. above the 
union of Maple and Grand rivers, on llie latter, and at the 
head of steamboat navigation. The r. has a considerable 
fan, and the facilities for manufacturing are very good. 
Pop. of t. 850. 

Lyons, t., p. v., and cap. 'S'ayne county, A'i 1. .- IrJ m. 
W. by N. Albany. Surface hilly. Soil san.ly and calcareous 
loam, and very productive of grain. Flour, leather, and 
earthen-ware, are important nmnufactnres. The Erie 
Canal passes through, it, on which is the v. 44 m. E. of Eo- 
chester, and near the junction of Mu.l cr. .and Canandaigua 
r., which form the Clyde, and from which it is amply sup- 
plied with water-power by a canal half a mile in length. 
It is largely engaged in m,annfacluring flour, iron cast- 
ings, leat'her, carriages, etc. It contains a court-house, jail, 
and'the county offices, several large hotels, 25 stores, an ex- 
cellent high school, and 2,000 inhabilants. Two weeklies 
are published, the"W. County Whig," and "L.G!u:ette" 
(dem). A railroad from Eochester to Syracuse direct wiU 
pass through it. Pop. of t 4,93G. 
Lyons, p. o., Fulton co., Ohio : 122 m. N. N. W. Columbus. 
Lyons, p. v.. Cook CO., Ill : 103 m. N. E. Springlield. 
Lyons, p. v., Walworth CO., Wise. : on a branch of Fox r., 
C3m.E. S.E.Madison. 
Lyons, p. a, Fayette co., Tex. : 49 m. E. S. E. Austin City. 
Lyonsdaee, p. v., Lewis CO., X Y. : about 2 m. S. of Moose 
r , 99 m. N. W. Albany. 

Lyon's Hollow, p. o., Steuben co., Al 3'..- 204 m.W. by 
S. Albany. 

Lyon's Landing, p. o., Bladen co., iV. Car. : 74 m. S. 
Ealeigh. 

Lyons' Store, p. o., Hawkins co., Tmn. : 222 m. E. byii. 
Nashville. 

LvoNSViLLE, p. v.. Cook CO., HI. .' about two miles '^ . of 
Des Plaines r., 105 in. N. E. Springfield. 
Lyua, p. o., Scioto CO., Ohio: 80 m. S. Columbus. 
Lysan-dee, t. and p. o., Onand.aga coimty, y. Y.: 112 m. 
W. by N. Albany. Bounded E. by Oswego r., and S. by 
Seneca r. Surface mostly level, and soil of exeelli-nt qual- 
ity It is a large t., prineipallv devoted to agricultural pur- 
suits, for which it is admirably adapted. The Oswego and 
Syracuse E. E. crosses the E. part, and has a sUu near beneca 
r. Pop. 5,83.3. 

LvTi.oNiA, p. 0. and sta., De Kalb county, (?«..' on the 
Georgia E. E.,.24 m. ffom Atlanta, 71 m. N. W. Milledge- 

"lytlesville, p. T., M'Lcan coumy, III.: C3 m. JJ. E. 
Springfield. 



411 



M'AF 



M. 

M'AniK, p. o., Moroer cc, Ay- •' 23 m. S. Frankfurt. 
M'Alevv's Foet, p. o., lluutingdon co., Pe««.; 59 m. 
W. by X. Ilarrisburg. 

M-Allisteh's Cross Eoads, p. o., Montgomery co., Tenti.: 
89 iti. X. W. Nashville. 

M-Alustlkville, p. v., Juniata co., Perm. : 85 m. N. \V. 
Uarrisburg. 
JI-Ar-TiiuR, p. 0., Vinton co., Ohio: 58m. S.E.Columbus. 
M'AKTTicr.STOWN, p. v.. and cup. VinL-n co., 0/uo: on a 
branch of Uaccoon cr., 55 in. S. E. Columbus. There is an 
extensive burr-millstone factory here. The "Vinton co. 
itepublican" (whig) is published here. Pop. 434. 

M'Bekn, p. o., liichmond county, Gu. : So m. E. by N. 
Mil ledge ville. 

M'BiMDE's Mills, p. o., Heard co., Ga, : 97 m. W. by N. 
Millcdgeville. 

M'BKroEs\TLLK, p. v., Union dist., S. Car, : near M*Bride 
r., C9 m. N. "W. Columbia, 

M'Call's Creek, p. o., Franklin co., Mhs: 71 ru. S. "W. 
Jackson. 

M'Callum's Stoee, p. 0., Montgomery co^ A''. Car.: 71 
m. S. W. Ealeigh. 

H"Cleli^vndtow*n, p. v., Fayette co., Penn.: 155 m. W. 
by S. Ilarrisburg. 

M'Clennax county, Tecc. : situate centrally, and contains 
about 940 sq. m. It lies on the upper part of, and mostly to 
the W. of Crazos r., that river intersecting the E. part and its 
branches, the largest of which is N. Bosque r., draining iU 
It is a new co. erected since 1S50, and but little settled. 

M'CoMB, p. v., Uancock coimly, OJdo: 73 m. N. N. W. 
Columbus. 

M'Connellshfrg, p. v., Fulton ca.^Penn.: in a valley 
on Big Cove cr.,59 m. "W. S. W. Ilarrisburg. The Hanover 
Blast Furnaces of 2,000 tons capacity are at this village. Tiie 
Fulton County " Democrat'' is issued weekly. 

AI'CoNKKLL's GnovE, p. 0., Stephenson eo., PL: 179 ra. 
2s. Springfield. 

M'C'oNNELLSTOwx, p. 0., Iluutiugdon CO., Penn.: 63 m. 
Vi'. by N. Ilaxrlsburg. 

M'CoNNELLsviLLE, p. o., Oncida county, X. V.: 135 m. 
"«•. by N.Albany. 

M'CoNNELLSviLLK.p. V., and cap. Morgan co., Ohio: on 
the E. side of Muskingum r., 63 m. K. f?. K. Columbus. The 
v. is situate on an elevation of from 15 to 20 feet above high 
water mark. There is a C. H., jail. 2 churches, and several 
tanneries here. The "Mor^ian Chronicle" (dem.), and 
"Morgan Herald'' (whig), are published weeldy. Pop. 
1,GG0. 

M'CoYSTiLLE, p. o., Juniata county, Penn. : 35 m. N. "W. 
Harrisburg. 

M'Cr.A.CKEN county, ^y. Situate "W., and contains 223 sq. 
m. Bounded N. by the Ohio, E. by the Tennessee, and 
drained by Clark's and Mayfleld's rivers. Surface mostly 
even, and soil fertile. Corn is the staple; wheat and to- 
bacco are considerably raised. It has good pastures, and 
exports a large quantity of pork. Its marmfaclures are im- 
portant, and fast increasing. Farms 34S ; manuf .3S ; dwell. 
S35, and pop.— wh. 5,241, fr. col. IS, si. SOS— total 6,0iJ7. 
CapiUtl: Paducali. 

M'Cl'llocu's Mills, p. o., Juniata county, Penn. : 37 ra. 
W. N. W. Harrisburg. 

M'CuTcuENviLLE, p. 0., Vaudcrburg co., Jnd.: 131 m. 
S. "\V. Indianapolis. 

M'CuTc^Es^^LLE, p. o., "Wyandott county, Ohio: on a 
branch of the Sandusky r., 71 m. N. by W. Columbus, and 
2 in. E. from Mad River and Lak e Erie IC. 11. 

M'CuTcnoN's, p. o., St. Charles par., La. : 59 m. S. E. 
Baton Rouge. 

M'Da^'iel'3, p. c, Orange county, A^. Car.: 41 m. N. W. 
Raleigh. 

412 



M'DosALD county, Mo. Situate S. "W. corner, and con 
tains519sq. m. Drained by Elk r. and its branches, affluents 
of Keosho. Surface pleasantly diversified, and soil of 
superior fertility. Corn is the staple. It grows grass or 
grain in profusion, and is an exci-llent grazing co. It is 
well timbered, and has very good water-power. Farms 
12G; manuf. 42; dwell. 371, and pop.— wh. 2,132, f. col. 21, 
si. S3— total 2,236. Capital: lluUedge, 

M-DoNALD. p. o., Wilkinson co., Ga, .-IT m. S. Milledge- 
ville. The Central (Georgia) R. It. passes it IGO m. Irom 
Savannah, and 31 m. from Macon. 

M'DoxALD, p. v., Barry co., Mo. : on Flat cr., 157 m. S. W. 
Jefferson City. 

M'Donald's Mill, p. o., Montgomery co., Vir(/. : 159 m. 
W. by S. Richmond. 

M'DoNoucn county, PL Situate N. W., and contains 
576 sq. m. Drained by Drowning Fork, Troublesome, Tur- 
key, and Grindst" .ne creeks, branches of Crooked cr.. a branch 
of the Illinois. Surface level, or gently undulating. Soil 
verj' fertile, in the "W. particularly. In the E. is a strip of 
prairie ; the rest is sufficiently wooded. It has a few mil^- 
streams. Corn and wheat are staples, and pork a large cx- 
pi)rL Farms S4.3; manuf. 19; dwell. 1.2fV2, and pop.— wh. 
7,011. and fr. eol. 5— total 7.61G. Capital: Macomb. Puhlio 
Wort'i: Central Military Tract R. R. 
M'DosouGH, p. o.. New Castle co., PeL: 23 m. N.Dover. 
M'DosouGn, p. v., and cap. Henry co., Ga. : near a branch 
of the Ocmulgee r., 63 m. W. N. "W". Millcdgeville. Il con- 
tains a fine court-house, jail, and two churches, an academy, 
60 dwellings, and about 350 inhabitants. 

M-DoNouon, L and p. v., Chenango co., X. Y.: 109 m. 
Vf. by S. Albany. Drained by Geneganslette cr. Surface 
uneven; soil fertile, and well adapted to grazing. The v. is 
situate <m Geneganslette cr., and has several miHs, tanneries, 
and a prinling-olfice. Pop. of t 1.522. 

M'DuwELL county, 2\\ Car. Situate 'W., and contains 
545 sq. m. Drained by Catawba r. and its heads. Turkey, 
Goose, and Crooked creeks. Surface elevated, and in parts 
mountainons, the water-shed between E. and W. rivers lying 
on its W., an<l the Catawba rising here. Soil mostly fertde, 
adapted especially to grazing and producing fine cr>psnf 
wheat and corrf, with some cotton and tobacco. It has much 
water-power and flourishing manufactures. This is in the 
gold region, and the production has been consid'Tablc. 
Farms 50S; manuf. 29 ; dwell. SSO, and pop. — wb. 4^777, fr. 
col. 207, si. 1,262— total 6,246. Capital: Marion. 

M'DowELL, p. o., Highland co., Virg.: 123 m. N. "W. 
Richmond. 

M'Elavev Fokt, p. o., Huntington co., Penn. The Re- 
becca Blast Furnace, of SOO tons annual capacity, also a 
cliarroal forge (of .same name), which produces 200 tons of 
blooms annually, are located here. 

M'Ewes's Ckoss-Roads, p. o.. Morrow co., Ohio: 49 m. 
N- by E. Cohimbus. 

M'EwENsviLLE, p. o., Norlliumbcrlaud co,, Penn. : 55 m. 
N. Harrisburg. 

M'Fakland's, p. 0,, Lunenburg co., Virff. : 57 m. S. W. 
Richmond. 

M'GAnEYsviLLE, p. 0., Rockiugliam co., Virff.: 93 m. 
N. W. Richmond. 
M-Gap.v, p. o., Hancock co., PI. : S9 m. N. "W. Sprinsfield. 
M-Gf.e's p. o., Polk CO., Tex. : 169 nL E. by N. Au.'stin City. 
JI'Gre's Bridge, p. o.. Yallabusha co., Miss.: 119 m. N 
by E. Jackson. 

M'GirEE's Store, p. o., Jackson co., Ohio: 63 m. S. by K 
Columbus. 

M'GiiAwviLLE, p. v., Cortlandt co., JV! Y. : on a branch 
of Tioughnioga r., 131 m. \V. Albany. Contains several 
churches, and a number of workshops and stores. The 
"Cortlandt County Express" (neutral), "Morning Star'' 
(II. Meth.),and "Christian Contributor'' (Baptist). are issued 
here. It is the scat of a eollege for the promiscuous ednca- 
cation ofcolorcd and while persons. 



M'GR 



M'MI 



M-GnKf:or.'s L.v^diko. p. v.. Clajton to,, /.^ ; in N. E. 
part <tf cix, on W. hank MiMissippi r., 91 ni. N. Iowa City. 

M'IIaugce's Mills, p. o., Knox co., Kij, : 107 m. 6. E. 
Frankfort, 

M'IIent.t county, ///. Sitnale N. E., antl contains 486 
gq. m. Drained E. by Fox r. and its brnnchrs, and W. l)y 
riskaj'lmn and liusli cret'ks, and N. branch of Kishwankee 
r., alfln.-nt^ of Uock r. Surface undulating; soil niobUy a 
sandy loam, and very produclivc. On Fox r. is much good 
timber; llie W. minified {rrove and prairie. Wheat, com, 
oats, an-l potatoes yield well, and great numbers of cattle and 
hogs are raised. It has many poncls in the K., and a suffi- 
ciency of water-power. Farms l,itrM); manuf. 17; dwell. 
2.650, and pop.— wh. 14.977, fr. col. 2~total 14,lt7i>. Oipitul : 
Dorr (formerly Woodstock). Puhll^c Wurfc^: Galena and 
Chicago Union II. K.,etc. 

M'IIknuy, p. v., and cap. M'llenry co., ///. ; on the W. 
side of Fox r., 1D5 m. N. N. E. Siiringfleld. The country 
round about the v. is excellent farming land. 

M'Indoe's Falij9, p. o., Caledonia co., Verm.: on W. 
bank Comiecticnt r., 27 m. E. Monlpelior, ami at the head 
of navigation. The Connecticut and Passumpsic Ilivers 
E. K. parses through the v., AS ra. from While river junction. 

M'iNTosrr county, Gu. Situate S. E. on the Atlaulii-, and 
contains .MS sq. ui. Altamaha r. bounds it S., and S. New- 
port r. N., and drain it by their aftluents. Sapelo r. flows 
into Sapelo Sound between them. Surface level, and much 
of illoxv and swampy; soil fertile generally, in parts exceed- 
ingly ricli. The W. is a pine barren ; on the coast are very 
productive rice marshes. Sapelo I., which lies off shore a 
little, is very fertile, as is the land between the barrens and 
coast, and produces Sea Island cotton largely, llice is a 
very large and the chief crop. Cotton and corn are raucb 
less raised, but the former is very superior. Farms 117; 
manuf. 1(J; dwell. 2S.3. and pop. — wh. 1,327, fr. col. 72, si. 
4,629— total G.I I2S. Capital: Darien. 

M'Kaig's Mills, p. v., Columbiana CO., Ohio: 121 m. 
E. N. E. Coluinbus. 

M"Kay, p. 0., Ashland county, Ohio: G5 m. N. N. E. 
Columbus. 

M-Kav, p. c, Dallas co., la. : 125 ro. W. Iowa City. 

M'Kkan county, Pi-itn. Situate N. W., and contains 
1.122 sq. m. Drained by Alleghany r. and its branches, 
Potato and Kenjua creeks, and alHucnts of W. branch of 
the Su.squehanna. Surface rougli and hilly ; soil generally 
good, and adapted to grazing. Wheat, com, oats, and po- 
tatoes are raised in small quanlities. Catllo and sheep are 
largfly reared, and live-stock, butter, and wool exported. 
It has abundant water-power, and timber, and valuable 
manufactories of salt, iron, lumber, etc. It abounds in coal, 
Iron ore, and salt-.springs. Farms 246; manuf. 4t>; dwell. 
953, and pop. — wh. 5,21S, fr. col. ^6 — total 5,254. Capital: 
Smithport. 

M'KuAS, t and p. v.. Erie co., Penn. : 205 m. N. W. TTar- 
risburg. and J) m. S. Erie. Drained by Elk cr. Surf;ice 
varied, in parts hilly; soil sandy loam. It has several mills. 
Pop. of t 2,Sm9. 

M'KKANSBi'Rr,, p. v., Schuylkill co., Peun. Situate about 
1\ m. W. Little Schuylkill river and railroad, 53 m. N. E. 
Uarrinburg. 

M'Kean'3 Old Stand, p. o.. Westmoreland co., Peim. : 
185 m. W. Ilarrisburg. 

M'Kf.e's Half Falls, p. o., Union en., Pemi.: 41 m. N. 
Harrisburg. 

M'Kf.e's Port, p. v., Alleghany co., Penn. : on llie E. 
side of M- ino!igabela r., near the mouth of the Youj^hiogeny 
r., 155 m. W. by N. Harrisburg. It contains a church, sev- 
eral stores, and from 50 to 60 dwellings. 

M'KuVLRY county, TrtP. Situate S. W., and contains 3,939 
eq. m. It lies between the Neuces and Grand rivers, the 
latter its W. boundary for 150 miles, the former its E. for 
120. San Felipe, Pedro, Mavericks, Zoquette, Las Moms, 
Elm, and San Ambrnsio creeks flow into the Grand and 



Turkey, Elm, Live Oak, Mustang, and St. Mary's creek?, 
into the Neuces. Surface nnieh varied; in the N. mount- 
ain ritiges and broken intervals, in the S. plains of great 
extent, with ravines and liigh hills in parts; BOil varitnis ; 
(m the large streams fertile, producing corn abundantly, 
Willi most of the grains, fruits, and vcgeUtbles. A large 
part of the co. is but moderately productive, and used mostly 
to pasture horses and cattle, which thrive with hllle ur no 
attention in thi.*! mild climate. The Grande is here a sircam 
of good size, but too swift for navigation; thy Neuces is 
smaller; the banks of bolh arc generally well wooded, as 
are their branches. The part^ back of the rivere are some- 
what deficient in timber. This large tract is reeovering the 
population it has lost in long border s'.rifi-s, but is as yet 
s|nirsL-ly settled. CapAUd: Fort Duncan. Unorganized 
in ISoO. 

M'KixLi^T, p. v., Marengo county, -1/l/. ; 71 m. W. by S. 
Mont gome r>'. 

M'Klvskt, p. v., and cap. Collins co., Tctr. Situate cou- 
trally between Ten Mile and Honey creeks, 215 m. N. by E. 
Austin City. 

M'Kinstky's Mills, p. o., Carroll coimly. MJ.: 07 m. E. 
Annapolis. 

M'Kissack's Gkove, p. 0., Frenn.tnt county, /(!.,- 219 m. 
W. S. W. Iowa Ciiy. 

M'Lains Mills, p. v., W.aldo co., M-.: : on the St. George 
r., 31 m. E. by. S. Augusta. 

JI'Lean county, ///. Situate N. E. centre, and contains 
1,0G4 sq. m. Drained by Maekiuau, Kickapoo, and Siig.^r 
creeks, allUients of the Illinois. Surlace elevated and un- 
dulating; soil very fertile. A large share is prairie, dotted 
with groves of excellent timber. Its streams afford good 
mill-3eal.s, and limestone and coal are found in parts. Com 
is the staple, on which pork is largely fatted for expi^rl. 
Wheat is a good crop, and the grazing very fine. Farms 
910; manuf. 3; dwell. 1,S51, and pop.— wh. 10,121, fr. coi. 
42— total 10,103. Capital: Eloomington. PuU.ie Worlcfi: 
Illinois Central K. R. ; Chicago and Missi.-sippi 11. P.; 
Peoria and Oquawka R. R., etc. 

M'Lean, p. v.. Tompkins co., A^ Y. : 133 m. W. Albany, 
on Fall er.. which affords great water-power. It has several 
manufactories, mills, and workshops, 60 <lwelling^, and about 
400 inhabitants. 

M'LKANSGoRoirGn, p. v., and cap. Hamilton co., PL: 
133 m. S. S. E. Spriugfleld. It contains a court-house and 
jail, etc. 

M'Lean's Stoke, p. c, Tippah co., j}/^s5. .* 1G7 m. N". E. 
Jackson. 

M-LnAN6viLLE, p. o., Jacksou co., Ttun. : 59 m. E. by N. 
Nashville. 

M'Lemaresville, p. v., Carroll co., Tenn. : 97 m. W. by S. 
Nashville. 

M'Leod's, p. v., Greene county, ^Fiss. : on W, side of 
Pascagoula r.. 101 m. S. E. Jackson. 

M'Masus. p. o., Greene co., Miss. : 99 m. S. E. Jackson. 

M'Math's. p. v., Tuscaloosa co., Ala-.: on the Tusealoosa 
and Ellington post-road. 75 m. N. AV. Montgomery. 

M-Mkekin"s, p. v., Fairfield dlsL, H. Car. : 2;i m. N. X. W. 
C'olumbia. 

M'Mit.lan's, p. o., Pan;)la county, 7l\?\ .* 217 ni. N. E. 
Austin Cily. 

M'Millen's Guove, p. o.. Du Page co., PI: 161 m. 
N. N. E. Si)ringfield, and 31 m. W. A N. Chicago. 

M*MiNN county. Tenn. Situ.ite 8. E., and contains 50S 
sq. m. Bounded N. W. by the Tenness.-e. S. W. by its 
branch, the Hiwassee, and drained by its aflluents. Surface 
varied, with broken land and liills V.. and S.. which send 
down many streams, affording exeellent water-power ; toil 
generally fertile, and good pasture. Corn is the le.adiug 
crop, and wheat yields largely. Pork and beef are exported, 
aiul it has very fine horses. Its facilitii-s for manufacturing 
are well improved by many exlcn.->ive and flourishing es- 
tabUshracnts that produce cotton and woolen goods, flour, 

413 



M'MI 



MAC 



leather, lumber, liquors, oil. etc. Farms l.CSS ; manuf. 115 ; 
dwell. 2,040; and pop.— wh. 12,2S6, fr. col. 52, si. l,56;v— total 
13,906. C'tipital: Athens. PahUc TiorA-s; East Tennessee 
and Georgia K. E.; Chattanooga and Charleston liail- 
road, etc. 

M'iMiNNvn.LE, p. v., and cap. Warren co., Tenn. : on N. 
aide Hnrreu Fork, which flows into the Canoy, a fork of the 
Cumberland r.. 61 m. S. E. FrankforL The M'Miiinville and 
Mnnchestor K, li., a branch of the Nashville and Chatta- 
nooga R. E., comes up to the village from Tullnhonia, and it 
is the S. terminus of lUe Danville and M'MinnviHe K. K. 
Pop. about 600. 

M'Nairy county, Te7m. Situate S. TV., and contains S71 
sq. m. Drained W. by heads of Big Halchie r., and E. by 
"White Oak, Mud, Snake, and Owl creeks of the Tennessee. 
Surface moderately uneven ; soil of good fertility. Corn, 
■wheat, and tobacco are leading crops. Pork is a heavy ex- 
port. It has good mill-streams, and some manufactures of 
much importance. Farms 1,379; mamif. 33; dwell. 1,*95, 
and pop.— wh. 11,447, fr. col. 24. si. 1,S93— total 12,S64. 
Capital : Purdy. Puhlic Works : Memphis and Charleston 
Eailroad. 

M'Ntrrr, p. c, Sunflower co., Miss.: 93 m. N. by W. 
Jackson. 

M'Eae's Mili5, p. o., Montgomerj' co., ^V. Car. : 71 m. 
S. W. Raleigh. 

M'Pae's Store, p. o., Telfair co.. Ga. : near a tributary of 
the Altamaha r.. So m. S. by E. Milledgeville. 

M'Shekrystown, p. v., Adams co., Perm.. : in the S. E. 
part of the co., SO m. S. by W. Ilarrisburg. 

M'Vetto'wn, p. v., Mifflin co., Peiin. : on the TV. side of 
the Juniata r., and on the line of the E. division of the 
Pennsylvania R. R., 14 miles S. "SV. Lcwiston, and 40 miles 
W. N. "W. Harrisburg. 

il' Willi AMSTowN, p. o., Chester co., Pemi. : Gl ra. S. E. 
Ilarrisburg. 

MAitBEriSTiLLE, p. 0., Dutchess county, Al Y. : 03 m. S. 
Albany. 
Mabee's, p. 0., Jackson co., Ohio: 70 m. S. E. Columbus. 
Macedon, t. and p. v., Wayne co., N. Y. : 190 m. W. by N. 
Albany. Drained by Mud cr. Surface uneven ; soil very 
fertile. The Erie Canal passes through, the centre of the t. 
It has a number of mills, etc. Pop. of t 2,3S4. 

Maccdon, p. c, Mercer county, Ohio: 91 m. W. N. W. 
Columbus. 

Macedon Cextue. p. o., Wayne co., JVl Y. : in centre of 
Macedon t, 193 m. W. by N. Albany. 

Macedonla, p. o., Montgomery co., J^. Car.: 71 m. S. W. 
Raleigh. 

Macedonia, sta.. Summit co., O/i io : on the Cleveland and 
Pittsburg E. E., 20 m. S. E. Cleveland. 

Macedonia, p. v., Carroll co., Teim. : on a tributary of 
Obion r., in N. part of eo., 95 m. W. FrankforL 

Macedonia, p. o., Pottowotamie co., la. : 203 m. W. by S. 
Iowa City. 

Mace's, sta., Middlesex co., 3russ. : on the Lowell and 
Lawrence E. E., 113 m. W. Lawrence. 

MAcniAS, I., p. v., port of entry, and cap. Washington co., 
2fe.j 123 m. E. N. E. Augusta. Drained by the Machias r., 
which passes through the t., and a number of small lakes in 
the N- E. part, whirU connect with tlie r. by a small creek. 
Surface varied ; soil good, with much timber land. The v. 
ifl situate on the Machias r., near its mouth, and contains the 
usual number of public buildings. It has a flue harbor, ad- 
milling vessels of 250 tons to within a very short dist-incc 
of the place. It is the seat of numerous mills, and carries 
on the lumber trade and fisheries. The v. was first settled 
in 1702, incorporated in 17S4, and was the first corporate 
town between Penobscot and St. Croix rivers. It is now an 
interesting and flourishing place. Wliitneyvilie is the name 
of a V. and p. o. in the N. W. of the town, from which to 
Machias Port, a distance of 9 m., the Franklin II. E. extends. 
Pop. of 1. 1,590. 
414 



Maciii^vs. t. and p. y., Catt.araugus county. A''. }' ; 225 m 
W. by S. Albany. Drained by outlet of Lime Lake, which 
empties into Cattaraugus cr., and other small streams flowing 
into Nine Mile cr. Surface elevated, but even or table land ; 
soil fertile and adapted to grazing. There are in the L 
several stores and mills. The v. is situate in N. E. part of t, 
near Lime Lake, and contains several stores, mills, etc., and 
about 45 dweUmgs. Pop. of 1. 1,342. 

Machias river, 3fe. : rises in two main streams, which 
originate in small lakes in Washington co., and unite at 
Machias Port, in their courses afl'ording extensive mill- 
power. Tlie bay of the same name lies between Machiaa 
Port and Chester, and is 10 m. long, and from 4 to 5 wiilc at 
its mouth, and contains several coves, harbors, and islands. 

Machias Pobt, t. and p. v., Washington co.. Me. : at the 
mouth of Machias r., 3. m. S. of Machias, 123 m. E. N. E. 
Augusta. It is a port of enlry, having an excellent harbor 
for vessels of all classes. The fishing and lumber trade is 
carried on to a great extent, and considerable navigation in 
coasting. It has several mills and considerable trade in 
lumber. Pop. 1,266. 

Mackesville, p. o., Clark county, 3fiss. : 85 ra. E. by S. 
Jacksonville. 

Mackinac, p. v., and cap. Michilimackinac co., Sfich. : 
219 m. N. Lansing. Situated on S. side of an island of 
same name, 4 m. N. the W. extremity of Bois Blanc Island, 
in Lake Iluron. Fort Mackinac, on an eminence com- 
manding the V. and surrounding coast, is a U. S. military 
post. The harbor is very fine and secure, capable of accom- 
modating some 200 vessels. Furs and fish are the materials 
of the chief traflic, the former quito extensive. There is a 
court-house and several dwellings here. 

Mackinaw, p. v., Tazewell county. III. : 53 m. N. by E. 
Springfield. The v. is situated on and surrounded by fine 
prairie land, near Mackinaw river. 

Mackinaw creek, ///. ; an excellent mill-stream, falling 
into tlie Illinois 3 m. below Pekin. It has rich bottoms, but 
the bluffs have a thin and poor soil. 

Macksbui'.g, p. O.J Giles county, Virg.: 171 m. W. i S. 
Eichmond. 

Mack's Place, p. c, St, Clair co., Mich. : 95 m. E. by N. 
Lansing. 

Macksville, p. v., Eandolph co., Intl.: on the W. Fork 
of White r., 59 m. N". E. Indianapolis. 

Macktille, p. v.. Washington co., K'j. : in E. part of co., 
31 m. S. by W. Frankfort 

Macomb county, Mich. Situate S. E., and contams 
4.'i9 sq. m. Drained principally by Clinton river and its 
branches, S., Red r, and N. E. fork, N. branch and niiddle 
branch flowing into Lake St. Clair, its S. E. boundary. 
Surface E. mostly level, W. rolling and somewhat broken; 
soil generally verj' fertile, adapted particularly to grass and 
wheat. The E. is heavily timbered, and ship building is 
carried on extensively near the lake. The W. is mostly 
openings and prairie. Most of the grains produce well, and 
fine dairies are kept It has excellent water-power and 
rapidly increasing manufactures. Valuable salt springs are 
found, and a fine clay for pottery. Farms 1,277 ; manuf. 65; 
dwell. 2,066, and pop.— wh. 15,516, fr. col. 14^total 15,530. 
Capital : Mount Clemens. 

Macomb, p. v., and cap. M'Donough county, lU.: near 
Downing Fork, a branch of Crooked creek, G9 m. N. W' 
Springfield. It contains a court-house, a few stores, and 
about 200 inhabitants. The v. is situate on a fertile prairie. 

Macomb, t. and p. o., Macomb county, Mich. ; SI m. E. 
Lansing. Drained by Clinton r. and Middle and Partridge, 
two of its branches. Surface gently undulating; m\\ rich 
loam, well adapted to grain. The rivers afford excellent 
water-power. There are several grist and saw mills in the 
town. Pop. 757. 

Macomb, p. o., St Lawrence co., K. Y.: 14^3 m. N. W. 
Albany. 

Macon county, Ale. Situate S. E., and contains 933 sq. m. 



MAC 



MAD 



Drained by TaUapoosa river and its branclies, Ufawpee, 
Callebce, Crepia, and Oakfuslicc creeks. Surface moderately 
uneven ;' soil of average fertility. Corn and cotton are tlie 
leadiu-' products. It lias good miU-seate and plenty of line 
Umberi' Farms 1,203; manuf. 19; dwell. 1,>49, and pop. 
wh. 11,280, fr. col. 22, si. 16,S9S— total '26,898. Capital : 
Tuskegce. PiMic Works: Montgomery and West Point 
K U ;"Girard and Mobile K. 11., etc. 

M.woN county, Ga. Situate S.W. centrally, and contains 
873 sq. m. Intersected by Flint river, and drained by its 
branches, N. and S. Whitewater and Beaver creeks. Sur- 
face uneven ; soil very productive. Cotton is the staple, 
and the crop very large. Corn is an excellent crop, and 
very large numbers of cattle and swine are fatted. Farms 
419; niauuf. 0; dwell. GT9, and pop.— wh. 4.1190, fr. col. 1, 
si. 2,901— total 7,052. Cajiital: Lanier. 2'ublic Works: 
Muscogee R. It.; South Western E. It. 

Maco.-j county, III. Situate near cenlre, and contains 
469 sq. m. Sangamon r. passes W. through the middle, 
and with its branches drains the co. Surface undulating or 
level ; soil generally fertile. Much of the co. is prairie, but 
there is some good timber. Corn is the chief, and wheat a 
good crop. Pork is a large export, and the pastures are 
excellent. It has not much water-power. Farms 487; 
manuf. 17 ; dwell. 693, and pop.-wh. 3,988, fr. col. 0,-total 
S,9SS. Capital: Decatur. PuhKc Works: Illinois Central 
E. R. ; Sangamon and Morgan E. Pv. ; and extensions to 
Terre Haute and Covington, etc. 

Macon county. Mo. Situate N. E., and contains S23 sq. m. 
Drained by Wolf cr., Chariton and E. Chariton rivers of the 
Missouri, and N. and S. forks of Salt river of the Mississippi. 
Surface moderately elevated and mostly even ; soil very 
fertile and Hne, adapted to grazing. Com is the leading 
crop. Tobacco is consider.ably raised. Mast is abundant; 
cattle .tnd sheep are largely reared, and pork is a heavy ex- 
port. It is well furnished with timber and water-power. 
Farms 711; manuf. S; dwell. 1,079, and pop.— wb. 0,202, 
fr. col. 0, si. 303— total 6,505. CapiUil : Bloomington. 

Macox county, K. Car. Situate W., and contains 
776 sq. m. Drained by Tennessee r. and its branch, Tuek- 
nseege r. ' Surface elevated and in parts mountainous, with 
many broad and fertile valleys. Corn is the staple ; the 
other grains are not extensively grown, and the co. is better 
ndapted to grazing. It has fine mill-streams and numerous 
small manufactories. Iron ore Is found. Farms 631; 
manuf. IS ; dwell, 936, and pop.-wh. 5,013, fr. col. 100, 
si. 549, Indians 121— total 6.3S9. Capital : Franklin. 

Macon county, Tenn. Situate N. middle, and contains 
244 sq. m. Drained by branches of Big Barren r. on the 
N. ; on the S. by branches of Cumberland r. Surface 
Bomewhat hilly ; soil very fertile. Com, wheat, and tobacco 
ore the staples. Pork is fatted and exported largely. It 
has good miU-sitcs. Farms 783; manuf. 3; dwell. 1,0+4, 
and pop.-wh. 6,187, fr. col. 45, si. 706— total 0,9iS. Capital : 
Lafayette. 

Macon, p. v., Marengo county, Ala. : near E. side Black 
Warrior r., 83 m. W. i N. Moiugomery. 

Macon, city, and cap. Bibb co., Ga. : on the W. side of 
the Ocranlgee r., at the head of steamboat navigation, 29 m. 
S. W. Milledgeville, at the junction of the Central (Georgia) 
P.. P.. with the Macon and Western and South Western E. E., 
which connect it with Savannah, Augusta, anil Charleston. 
A bridge 300 feet in length affords communication with the 
opposite shore. A number of steamboats and other craft are 
employed on the river chiefly in carrjing cotton, of which a 
large amount is shipped from here. From a mere village 
(in 1822) Macon has risen to be quite an important commer- 
cial depftt. There is now a line court-house and jail, market- 
house, and several churches, besides foreign commission 
houses, printing offices, stores, lumber yards, and grist mills. 
The ".loumal and Messenger" (whig), "Georgia Tele- 
graph" (dcm.), "Georgia Citizen" (dem.), and "Southern 
Tribune," weekly, and " Eeformcr" (mod.), monthly issues. 



arc published hero. It is the site of the Wesleyau Female 
College, founded in 1S39, having (in 1850) a president, 
8 professors, 150 alumni, and 19S students. This institution 
is said to have been the first female coUege founded in the 
United States. 

Macon, p. v., and cap. Koxubee co., MLss.: on J>oxul)co 
r., 107 m. N. E. Jackson. The "Planter's Advocate'' 
(neut.), a weekly issue, is published here, 

Macon, t. and p. o., Lenawee co., 3lic?i. : 67 m. S, by E. 
Lansing. Drained by the Middle and South branches of 
Macon r. Surface somewhat billy ; soil black sandy loam, 
adapted to grass, com. oals, and wheat. Eidgew.ay is the 
name of a v. in the S. W. part of the town. In the t. there 
are some saw-mills. Pop. of 1. 1,030. 

Macon, p. o., Fayette CO., Tenn. : on a branch of Wolf cr., 

163 m. S. W. Nashville. 

Macon, p. o., Powliattan CO., Virg. : 27 in. W. Eichmond. 

Macon DepOt, p. v., Warren CO., A'. Car. : 51 m. N. E. 

Ealcigh. The Gaston and Ealeigh II. E. passes it, 20 m. 

from Gaston and 67 m. (by railroail) from Ealeigh. 

Macoupin county. III. Situate S. W., and contains S64 
sq. m. Drained by Apple, Otter, Macoupin, and Cahokia 
creeks, affluents of the Illinois and Mississippi. Surface 
undulating; soil hisldy productive-a large part is pr.-iirie, 
and equally adapted to grass and grain. Corn and wheat 
are the staples, and hca\-y crops. Live-stock, beet, pork, 
and wool are the exports. It has fine water-power and 
rapidly increasini manufactures. Farms 1,183 ; manuf. '24 ; 
dwell. 2,037, and pop.-wh. 12,272, fr. col. 83-tolal 12,3oo. 
Capital: Carlinville. I'lMic Works: Chicago and Mis- 
sissippi E. E., etc. 

MjIcol-pin river, III. : a considerable stream nsing in the 
N. part of Montgomer)' county, and running S. W. into 
Greene county to the Illinois, which it enters 26 m. above 
ila mouth. Its branches are FhUl's, Dry Fork, Bear, and 
Hodge's creeks ami Lake Fork. The country along its 
banks is generally fertile, suitably apportioned into timber 
and jirairie. t^ ^- ,, 

Maokngie, t. and p. o., Lehigh CO., Venn. : 69 m.E.^.L. 
Ilarrislmrg. Drained by tributaries of Lehigh r. Surface 
in most part level; soil fertile, and well clUtivated. It is 
rich in minerals as in agricultural resources. 

Maobury, sta., Stratford Co., N. I/amp. : on the line of 
Boston and Maine li. E. 7 m. S. Dover. 

MapdenvllU!, p. o., Huntingdon CO., Penn.: 69 m. W. 
Harrisburg. 
Maddox, p. o., Hanover CO., rirs/- ■' 23 "n- >*■ Eichmond. 
Madison county, Ala. Situate on N. line, and conlains 
703 sq. m. Bounded S. by Tennessee r. and drained by lis 
branches. Surface somewhat hilly ; soil highly productive. 
Cotton is the staple, and in quantity produced this is about 
the first county in the State. Corn and wheat are also very 
large crops. It has much fine pasture, and exports a largo 
amount of pork. The facilities for manufacturing arc very 
fine and extensively improved. Farms 1,080 ; manuf. 92 ; 
dwell. 2,046, and pop.-wh. 11,937, fr. col. 164, si. 14,326- 
tolal 26,427. Capital: Uuntsville. PuUin Works: Mem- 
phis and Charleston E. E.; Huntsville Canal, etc. 

Madison county. Ark. Situate X. W., and contains 963 
sq. m. Draine.1 by White r. and its branches. Kings r., 4nd 
War E.agle and Eicliland creeks. Surface elevated, in the 
S. mountainous ; soil productive, and well ndapted to grass. 
Corn is the leading cereal. Other grains and tobacco do 
well. Hogs are fatted largely. It has abundant tinilK-r 
and water-power, and is rich in galena or lead ore. I arnis 
060 ; manuf. 12 ; dwell. !M;3, and pop.-wh. 4,059, fr. col. 0, 
si. 164— total 5,82,3. Oi/"(i'Z.- Huntsville. 

Madison county, Flor. Situate N. middle, and contains 
2 946 sq. m. Bounded E. by the Suwunee and « . by Au- 
cilla (or Oeilla) r., and has a few creeks (lowing into tlio 
Gulf. Surface even, or rolling: soil very fertile S. E., mid- 
dle poor, and N. and W. excellent. Cotton and corn are 
loadin" crops. It has some floe sugar lands, and swamps 
° 415 



MAD 



MAD 



well filled for rice (rrowing. Timber is abundant, pine, 
cypress, and ec<Iar. The Gulf is its S. W. boundary, and 
inarkfts are convenient. Fanns 2G3 ; nianuf. 4 ; dwell. 41)9, 
and pop.— wh. 2,S02, fr. col. 0, el. 2,6SS— total 5,490. Cap- 
ital: Madison. 

Madisox county, Ga. Situate N. E., and contains 273 
8q. ni. Drained by Hudson's and South forks, and Beaver 
Dani cr. or ISroad r., a branch of Ihp Savannah. Surface 
eievatod nnd somewhat hilly ; soil of average ferlilily. Cot- 
ton is grown largely for the region, and corn is the gtnple 
grain. Other crops arc not large. Grazing is the chief use 
of much of the county. Mill-slreams are plenty, and valu- 
able mineral springs are f.iund. Farms 404; manuf. 8; 
dwell. 61)2, and pop.— wh. 3,767, fr. col. 3, si. 1,983— total 
e,703. CajnUil : Dnnielsville. . 

Madison county, III. Situate S. TV. on the Mississippi, 
and contains 7'2S sq. m. Drained by Wood r. and Cahokia 
cr. of the Mississippi, and Silver cr. and its K. fork of the 
Kaskaskia. Surface on the Mississippi low, and in places 
marshy, but of exceeding fertility; this is separated by 
blufls from the back country, which is an elevated table- 
land, gently imdulating ; soil very rich. The W. parts have 
exeellcut limber in abundance; the E. is mostly prairie, 
with wood on the streams. The principal crop is com. 
Wlieat, oats, and potatoes produce good crops, and the pas- 
tures are very fine. Cattle, sheep, and particularly swine, 
arc reared largely. Com, beef, pork, horses, and lumber 
are heavy exports. Coal, limestone, and freestone are 
abundant, the last a fine building and monumental material, 
and excellent water cement is made. It lies opposite the 
mouth of the Missouri, and has very superior advantages 
for commerce and manufactures, the last are very large 
and important. Farms 1,367 ; manuf. 1S2 ; dwell. S,49i\ 
and pop.— wh. 19,990, U. col. 446— total 20,4^36. Capital: 
Edwardsville. Puhlic Works : Ohio and Mississippi 11. K. ; 
Mississippi and Atlantic R. U. ; Torre liaute and Alton 
E. K. ; Chicago and Mississippi R. K., etc. 

Madison county, Ind. Situate centrally, and contains 
S70 sq. m. Drained by W. fork of White r., and Pipe, Kill- 
buck, Fall, and Lick creeks. Surface level or undulating, 
with some wet prairies and a few hills ; soils various, gen- 
erally clayey loam, mixed witli sand, and very productive. 
Wheat and corn are raised largely, and much stock fatted. 
It has excellent mill-sites and extensive manufactures, and 
was originally well timl)ered. Limestone and marble 
abound. Farms 1,494; mauuf. 67; dwell. 2,159, and pop.— 
wh. 12,853, fr. col. 17— total 12,375. Capital : Anderson. 
Puhlic Works: Indianapolis and Bellcfontaino R. E. ; Rich- 
mond and Newcastle R. R. ; Logansport R. R., etc. 

Madison county, la. Situate 8. W., and contains 5T6 
sq. m. Drained by North and Middle rivers, and Prairie 
branch, affluents of the Des Moines. Surface rolling, and 
soil fertile, adai)[eil to grazing. It Ii;is abundant timber and 
water-power, with a .s])arse population as yet. Farms 53; 
manuf. 0; dwell. ISO, and pop. — wh. 1,179, fr. col. u— total 
1,179. Capital: Winterset. 

Madison county, Ky. Situate E. centrnlly, and conLtins 
4SS sq. m. Rounded N. and N. E. by the Kentucky 
drained by its brandies, Paint Lick, Silver, Mudcly, and 
Drowing creeks, and S. by affluents of the Cumberland. 
Surface considerably broken ; soil vcrj- productive. Corn is 
tlie staple; rye, wheat, and tobacco yield well. Sheep are 
reared in largo numbers, and pork is a very heavy exporL 
Fine borses for the Eastern markets are raised here. Its 
mitl-scats are numerous and extensively occupied. Farms 
1,1S5; manuf. .39 ; dwell. 1,847, nnd pop.— wh. 1 0,270, fr. col. 
64, si. 5,393— total 15,727. Capital: Ricbmond. Publie 
Woi'ks: Knoxvillc and Covington R. R., etc. 

Madison parish, La. Situate N. E., and contains f^e 
eq. m. Bounded E. by the Mississippi and W. by Bayou 
Macon, and drained by Tensjis r., and Walnut, Roundaway, 
and Vidal bayoux. Surface level, in parta low and marshy; 
soil, where tillable, exceedingly rich. Cotton is the almost 
416 



exclusive producL The plantations on the Mississippi are 
very large and profitable, and the cotton crop is enormous. 
It is well timbered and has some water-power. Farms 218; 
manuf. 24; dwell. 44S, and pop.— wh. 1,416, IV. col, 4, sL 
7,aVJ— total 8,773. Capital: liiehmond. 

Madison county, Mitis. Situate W. centraUy, and contains 
656 sq. m. Bounded ^X. by Big Black r., S. K. by Pearl r., 
and drained by their affluents. Surface moderately uneven ; 
soil exceedingly rich. Cotton is the great staple, and this 
county is one of the best in the State for cotton growing. 
It has also good pasturage, and rears large numbers of cat- 
tle and swine. Water-power is plenty, and markets very 
convenient. Farms 552 ; manuf. 10 ; dwell. 767, and pop. — 
wh. 4,32S, fr. col. 2, si. 13,&43— total 13,173. Capital : Can- 
ton. Public Works : New Orleans, Jackson, and Norlhcm 
R. R. ; Mississippi Central R. R. 

Madison county. Mo. Situate S. E., and contains 653 
eq. m. Drained by St Francois r. and Big, Castor, and 
Twelve MUe creeks. Surface considerably broken and 
hilly; soil of average fertility. Com is the leading crop. 
Wheat, oats, and potatoes arc grown in small quantities. 
Pork ia the cbief farming export. It has much good water- 
power, and is exceetlingly rich in lead, copper, and iron 
ores. In the N. is Pilot Knob, an iron mountain 300 feot 
high, where ore containing 80 per cent of pure metal is 
found in huge masses of several tons weight Farms 515; 
nianuf. 19; dwell. 87S, and pop.— wh. 5,278, fr. col. 29, sL 
CDC— total 6,003. Capital: Fredericktown. 

Madison county, A^. Y. Situate centrally, and contains 
582 sq. m. Drained S. by Chenango r. and N. by Chilten- 
ango, Cowasalon, and Cauaseraga rivers flowing into Oneida 
Lake, its N. W. boundary. Surface generally hilly, with a 
great swamp on the border of Oneida Lake, and the water- 
shed of the Ontario and Susquehanna streams in the mid- 
dle ; soil fertile, very rich in tiie valleys— N. better for grain, 
and S. for grazing. It is well wooded with hemlock, 
maple, and beech. The dairies are large and superior, and 
sheep raising the leading business of a large part. Wool, 
hops, butter, cheese, maple sugar, and potash are large ex- 
ports. Iron ore much used for castings, water lime, and 
gypsum are abundant. Sulphur and s;ilt springs", and marl 
are extensively found. Water-power is abundant, and 
manufactures verj' largely carried on. Flour, leather, lum- 
ber, woolens, iron, and potash are the leading articles made. 
Farms 3,845 ; manuf. 404 ; dwell. 8,198, and pop.— wh. 43,783, 
fr. col. 2S9— total 4;i,072. Capital : Morrisville. Puhlic Worses : 
Erie Canal ; Chenango Canal ; Syracuse and Utica R. R. 

Madison county, Ohio. Situate W, centrally, and con- 
tains 420 sq. m. Drained by Little and Big Darby and Deer 
creeks of Scioto r. Surface undulating or slightly broken; 
soil fertile, adapted to grass or grain. Com and wheat aro 
the staple crops. Grazing is the great business. Live-stock, 
beef, wool, butter, cheese, and pork are exported largely. 
It has very good mill-seats and flourishing manufactures. 
Farina 474; manuf 43; dwell. 1,742, and pop.— wh. 9,946, 
fr. col. 69— total 10,015. Capital: London. Public Works: 
Columbus and Xenia R. R. ; Springfield and London R. R. ; 
Columbus, Pequa, and Indiana R. R., etc 

Madison county, Temi. Situate W., and contains 906 
sq. m. Drained by branches of Big Ilatcbie and Forked 
Deer rivers, allhicnts of the Mississippi. Surface some- 
what broken; soil very productive. Cotton and com are 
the staples. Wheat and tobacco are successful crops. It 
has some water-power, which is well improved in making 
woolen and cotton goods, flour, leather, and iron. Farms 
1,408; manuf. 49; dweU. 2,2S2, and pop.— wh. 12,801, n*. col. 
57, si. 8,552— total 21,470. Capital : Jackson. Puhlio 
Works: Mississippi Central R. R. 

Madison county, Tex. A new county set off in Feb., 
1753, from portions of Walker, Grimes, and Leon eounties. 
It extends from the Trinity to the Navasoto, ami is drained 
by Bedais cr. and other affluents of these rivers. 

MAD160S county, Viry. Situato N. E. centrally, and con- 



MAD 



MAD 



tains 2GI s'l- m. Draineil I)y i;ol)CTlson, Wolf, anil Conwny 
rivers, br:iiu-hes of tlic Itappahannock. Surf:icc ck-vjiU-d, 
uneven, and in parts mouniainDus. the- Blue Ki'lge forming 
its V»'. boundary; soil iji-nerally i;oo»l, wiili rieh and boauti- 
Iiil valleys, (.'orii and wheat are llu' staple oeroals. iiye 
nnd tobiieco are siiceessfiilly cultivated. It lias flue pasture 
aud grass land. Maniifacturfs of flovir, lumber, and u-<i'>lpn 
goods are larj;e and flourisbing. Farms 51-i; nianiif. 3S ; 
dwell. S-iT. and pop. — wli. 4,45s, fr. eui. 14'J, si. -1. Tit— total 
9,531. (.'tijiital : Madison. 

M-vnisoN, t. and p. v., New ITaven eo., 0>nn. : Z\ ni. S. 
Uarlford, Bounded on the S. by Long Island Sound, and 
embnifes Haninionassft roiiit. Drained by l^asl and Neek 
rivers, Ilamnionasset r. forming its 1-2. boundary. Snil stony 
and bard to cuUivale, but is made quitL- produetive by 
plowing in irhid? jish^wXwXx are taken in tbe Sound in 
large quantities. Tiiis plaee bas a small but seeure barbor, 
and some navigation. There is a large quantity of lumber 
here, and sbip-building is carrii-d on to some i-xteiil. Tlie 
V. is situate near the coast, on tbe line of the New Haven 
and New London R. K., 'JO m. distant from Xew Haven 
and 30 ni. from Xew London. It contains some tine buildings. 
There are in the I. several mills and some manufactories. 
Pop. of I. 2,0C3. 

IVIaihson, p. v., and cap. Madison co., Flor, : ."ip m. E. 
Tallahassee. Situate in the K. part of co., and contains a 
court-house, etc. 

Maoison, p. v.. and cap. Morgan co., Gtt. : 3S m. N. N.W. 
Milledgeville. Situate on a braiu-ii of tbe Oconee r. and on 
tbe line of Georgia E. i;., 104 m. W. Augusta. It bas a 
court-hovisc, jail, 2 academies, a number of stores, and about 
SO dwellings. 

Madison, p. o., city, and cap. JefTerson en., Trul. : on tbe 
N. si<!e of the Ohio r., at the S. terminus of the Madison and 
Indianapolis li. R., SO m. S. by K. Indianapolis. It is tbe 
Beat of the cuuiily court-house. Tbe v. is finely laid out aud 
neatly built, aud there is much traffic, both wholesale and 
reUdl. There are a number of manufactories of various de- 
scriptions in active operation. The elevated ground in the 
rear of the v. affords a delightful prospect. The " Madison 
Courier'* (whig), and " Republican Eanncr" (dem.), arc 
issued here. Pop. of v. 7,'^\W. 

Mapisos, p. o., Livingston eo., Mich.: S7 m. W. by S. 
Lansing. 

Maiuson". p. v., Monroe co., Mo. : on X. side of Klk fork 
of Salt r., G3 m. X. JeflTerson City. 

Madison, p. v.. Morris eo., X. Jfr. : S7 ra. X. N. K. 
Trenton. The Morris and Essex R. R. pai-ses thrungh the 
village 2S m. 'W. New York and 10 m. S. E. Dover. 

Madisok, t. and p. v., Madison co., _V. J'. : 03 m. W. by N. 
Albany. Surface high and rolling; soil rich and fertile. 
Drained by Chenango r. S., and Oriskany er. X., which 
empties into the Mohawk r. The Chen.-ingo Canal passes 
through the town. The village, incorporated in ISlfi, is 
situate on the Cherry Valley Turnpike, and contains several 
considerable factories au'l numerous stores, and about 600 
inhabitants. Pop. of t. 2,4o5. 

Madison, p. o., Rockingham co., K. CiW. : SI ra. X. W. 
Raleigh. 

Madisox. t. and p. v., Lake co., Ohio -157 m. N. E. Co- 
lumbu.'f. Dr.'uned by Grand r.. which passes through it 
centrally. Surface rolling ; soil fertile. The Cleveland and 
Erie K. R. passes through the N. part of town 40 ni. from 
Cleveland, rnionville and Centrevillc arc villages on the 
post road ; on the R. R. is Madison Station. Population 
of t. 2,987. 

Maiusox, p. v., "Westmoreland co., Pimi. ; 11:3 rn. "W. 
Uarrisburg. 

iLvDisoN Coi-RT-HOUSK, p. T.. and cap. Madison county, 
Virfj.: in centre of county, T3 m. X.W. Riehmonrl. There 
ore several stores and mills here, and a population of 
about 350. 

MADI60N, p. v., and cap. Dane co., lT'iV;c., and cap. of the 

E8 



State of Wisconsin : on what are called the Four Lakes, al- 
most directly S. of tbe portage between Wisconsin and Fox 
rivers, 71 m. W. Milwaukie. Madison occupies tbe isthmus 
between the Tliinl and Fourth lakes. It is in tbe centre 
of tbe county, near the centre of the basin of the Cattish. 
Tbe land on which it is located rises idjruptly from the sliore 
of the Third Lake about 50 feet, and from thence ascends 
gradually until tbe centre of the Copitol r<irk is reaobed, 
aliout 7ii f<y't above the lakes. From thence it descends 
gradually until near tin.' Fourth Lake, when it rises with 
considerable abruptness al>out 75 feet, antl then falls off 
buldly to the shore of the Fourth Lake — distance across 
heiTig about Ibi-ce-fourtbs of a mile. Following tbe cardinal 
point:?, Ilie ground descends everyway from the Capitol, 
all the streets from the corners of the square terminating in 
tbe lakes, save the western, which slopes gradually about 
half a mile, and then rises until, at a distance of exactly one 
mile fnun tbe cajiitcl. it attains an elevation of at least 125 
feet. This is Colli'gs UiU^ tbe magnificent site of the Wis- 
consin University, Ibunded in 1S4S. It is rapidly increasing 
in its population, buildings, and other improvements. A 
telegraph line connects with the lakes and the Mississippi. 
There is excellent water-power, which is used in running 
some of the most extensive mills in llic State. It contains 
several stores and workshops. There are three papers 
issued here, the " Wisconsin Express" (whig), " Wiseonsia 
Argus" (dem.), "Wisconsin Democrat" (dem.) Pop. (in 
1^5m) 1,ST1. The Milwaukie and Mississijipi R. R. will 
jjrobably intersect Madison. 

Madisonborougii, p. v., Alachua county, Flor. : 121 m. 
E. S. E. Tallahassee. 

Madison Centrk, p. v., Somerset eo., M<\ : 29 m. X. 
Augusta, and near a beautiful pond, the outlet of which is 
at Skouhyau. 

MiDisos Cross Roads, p. v., Madison co., Ala. : 1G9 m. 
X. by W. Montgomery. 

Madison Mills, p. o., Madison co., Vlrg.: 75 m. N. W. 
Richmond. 

Madison Springs, p. t., Madison county, Ga. : 83 m. X. 
Milledgeville,in N. part of tbe co.,uear Broud r. There is a 
chalybeate spring here which is beneficial in many com- 
plaints, and there is a fine hotel for the accommodation of 
visitors to the springs. 

Madisonvillk., p. v., and cap. Hopkins co., Ay.; situate 
on the E. side of Green r. (on an elevation), 1G9 m.'W. S.W. 
Franklbrt. It contains a court-house and about 60 inhab- 
itants. 

MAni80XT7Li.E, p. V. and seaport. St. Tammany par., La. . 
on tbe X. bank of Lake Pontcbarlrain, and W. of Boguo 
Fallia, which empties itself at this point, 59 m. E. Baton 
Rnuge, ami 29 m. X^. Xew Orleam. It is an important 
plaee. and will be made tbe W. terminus of the line of rail- 
ro.-id from Alabama toward Xew Orleans, to which city tbe 
connection will be by ste:imboat. 

Maiusunvillk, p. o., Madison co.. Miss.: 21 m. N. l\v E. 
Jackson. 

Madi^on'tillr, p. v., Ralls co., Mo. : on Spencer's cr., 71 
m. X. v.. Jefferson City. 

MADisoN\aLLK. p. V., TTamilton co., 0?no: 91 m. S. W. 
Columbus, 4 m. N. of the Ohio river. It contains about C.*iO 
inhabitants. 

Maoisonvtlle, p. v., and cap. Monroe co., Tenn. : 137 m. 
S. E. Xashville. 

Mad river, Ohio: a large branch of the Great Miami 
from the E., rising in Logan co., and after a course of 50 m. 
terminates at Dayton. It has a rapid and broken current, 
and supplies an immense water-power. 

Madi'.id, t. and p. o., Franklin co., 3f^:: 49 m. X. W. 
Augusta. Drained by branches of Sandy river. Surface 
varied ; in some parts mmintainous, containing a i)art <if 
Saddleback Mountain. Soil is excellent, well adajtte,! to 
wheat, of which it yields a large quantity. Pop. of t. 404. 

Madrid, t. and p. v., St. Lawrence co.. ^\ V. : 161 m 

417 



MAD 



~r 



K. W. Albany. Drained by Grass river and several small 
creeks flowing into the St. Lawrence r., wliich bounds it on 
the N. W. The " Isle au Kapid Piatt" belongs to the t. 
Surface undulating; soil of good quality, rich and pro- 
ductive. The t. contains several nuiimfuctorios, mills, etc., 
in active operation. The v. is situate on the line of the 
Northern Ogdensburg R. K., in S. part of town. The "True 
Democrat" (dem.) is issueti here. I'op. of U 4,S5G. 

Magnolia, p. o., La Kuc county, Ky. : 59 m. S. W. 
Frankfort. 

Magnolia, p. v., Putnam county, III.: 91 m. N. by E. 
Bpringfield. Situate on tlie S. boundary of the county, sur- 
rouuded by prairie land. 

Magnolia, t. and p. v., Rock county. Wise: 29 ra. S. 
Madison. Drained in the N. by a branch of Sugar r., and 
in the S. by Bass cr. Surface level; soil fertile. The v. is 
on the Janesville post-road. There are some mills and 
workshops in the t. Pop. 673. 

Magnolia, p. o. and sta., Harford county, 3fd. : on the 
Philadelphia, "Wilmington, and Ballimore R. R., IS m. N. E. 
Baltimore, and 43 m. N. N. E. Annapolis. 

Magnolia, p. v., Chautauque co., N. Y. : on "W. side of 
Chautauque Lake, 303 m. W. by S. Albany. 

Magnolia, p. v., Crawford county, //irf. : 103 m. S. A "W. 
Indianapolis, 4 ra. N. Ohio river. 

Magnolia, p. v., Stark co., Ohio: on the Tuscarawas r., 
99 m. N. E. Columbus. The Beaver Canal passes through 
the village. 

Magnolia Springs, p. o., Jasper county, TVa-. ; 227 m. 
E. by N. Austin City. 

Mauala, p. 0., Adams county, Ohio: 79 m. S. by W. 
Columbus. 

Maiianoy, p, v., Northumberland co., Pfiim.: on a trib- 
utary of the Susquehanna r.. 33 m. X. Ilarrisburg. 

Mahaska county, /(*. Situate S.E. centrally, and contains 
676 sq. m. Drained by Des Moines r. anil N. and S. forks 
of Skunk r. Sarfacc undulating; soils very fertile, equally 
adapted to grass and grain. Corn and wheat, cattle and 
pork, are the leading products. It has abundant water- 
power and timber, with some rich prairie. Farms 4S0 ; 
manuf. IS; dwell. 931, and pop.— wh. 5,933, fi". col. 1 — total 
5,989. Ciipital: Oskaloosa. 



MAI 

Mahomet, p. v., Champaign co., III. : on the W. side of 
the North Fork of Sangamon r., 67 m.W. N.W. Springfli-ld. 

Mahonisq county, Ohio. Situate N. E., and contains 
506 sq. m. Drained by Mahoning r. and its branehe?. Sur- 
face rnlling and somewhat broken ; soib highly productive 
and admirably adapted to grazing. Corn, wheat, and oats 
are the staple grains. Cattle and swine are fatted largely ; 
the dairies are superior, and live-stock, beef, pork, and wool 
are heavy exports. Excellent water-power is abundant, and 
manufactures of woolens, leather, lumber, fiour, etc., ex- 
tensive; marl, common and water limestone, and iron oro 
are found. Farms 2,052 ; manuf. 105 ; dwell. 4,2I)S, and 
pop.— wh. 23,G4G, fr. col. 69— total 23,735. Capital: Can- 
tield. Ftdtlic WorA'^ : Pennsylvania and Ohio Canal ; 
Cleveland and Mahoning E. It. ; Ohio and Pennsylvania 
R. R., etc. 

Mahontno, p. o., Stark county, Ohio : 95 m. N. E. 
Columbus. 

Mahoning, t. and p. o., Indiana county, Penn.: 125 m. 
W. N. "W. Harrisburg. Drained by Mahoning cr. Surface 
uneven ; soil loam, mixed with clay. Iron ore is found in 
the t It has several distilleries and grist and saw mills. 

Mahoning river, Ohio and Perm. : a large tributary of 
Beaver r., which it joins in Pennsylvania. The Pennsylva- 
nia and Ohio Canal follows the valley of the streamj and 
will also the Cleveland and Mahoning R. R. 

Mahopac, p. o., Oakland co., JficJi.: 55 m. E. Lansing, 

Mahopac, p. 0., Putnam co., 2^. Y. / near a lake of same 
name, 87 m. S. Albany. 

Maiden Cbeek. t. and p. c, Berks co., Pemi. : 101 m. E. 
Harrisburg. Drained by Schuylkill river and Maideu cr. 
Surface finely diversified ; soil fertile. It contains several 
grist and saw mills. 

Maiden Speino, p. v., Tazewell co., Tirff.: on N. side 
of a fork of Clinch r.. 235 m. W. S. "W, Richmond. 

Maidstone, t. and p. v., Essex co., Verm. : 53 m. N. E. 
Montpelier. Drained by branches of Connecticut river and 
Maidstone Lake, which has its outlet into Paul's stream. 
Surface undulating; soil ferlile, and productive of grain. 
There are in the town several grist-mills, stores, and work- 
shops. The village is one mile W. Connecticut r. Popu- 
lation of t. 237. 



THE STATE OE MAINE. 

Maine, occupying a little less than one lialf the surface of New England, is of a long, irregtilar shape, extending between 
latitudes 4-'J0 and 47° 80' N., and between longitudes 66=^ 52', and 71° 06' W. from Greenwich, or 50 50' and lO^' 10' E. from 
"Washington. The boundaries of Maine* as established by the treaty of AVashington, 1S42. are the result of a controversy 
with Oreat Britain of a quarter of a century's standing, and one which came ncfir involving the two countries in a war. 
By the treaty, the St Croix, and a line running due north from a monument at its source to St John's River form the 
boundary on the east. On the north the line folUtws the St John's and St. Francis rivers to Lake Policnagamook. On 
the north-west it follows the highhmds from that lake in a soulh-west direction to tho norlh-cast corner of New Hampshire) 
which State forms the greatest length of its west boundary. The Atlantic lies on the south. "Within these limits the esti- 
mated area contains 80,000 square miles. 

There are said to be as many islands on the coasts, and in the bays of Maine, as there arc days !n the year, ^fost of 
these are small, but many are of considerable sizo, ferlile, and inhabited. The bays and inlets are proporlionally numer- 
ous, and afford a series of excellent harbors. The length of the coast in a straight line from Kittcry Point to Quoddy 
Head is about 225 miles, but following its windings, nearly 1,000 miles. The Isles of Shoals are .seven in number,t and 
lie about eight miles south -easterly from the mouth of ihc Piscataqua River. Four of them belong to Elaine, and the three 
others to New Ilampshire. Thise islands are little more than masses of rock, but at one litne had 500 or COO inhal)itants, 



*TIieioIluwingaretlieaatroaoniicfil positions of Bcveral iniport.iiit points on tbe lined' tlie new boundary survey, 



lat. N 



Fioli River, moiitli of 47 15 13 ... 

Fort Fairfield, (uppprblock-lionse) -16 40 07 ... 

Fort FairfielJ, (lower blouklioiise) — 

Fort Kent (block lioiwe) 4T in 03 ... 

Hancork llarrnrks (flng Btad") 4ti 07 39 ... 

Head of L. BUck Rnpids (St. Jolm Kiver) 47 05 .10 ,., 

Heniiof Connecticut Kiver 46 l-i 58 .. 

lioulton (li..tcl) 40 07 28 .., 



Lotis. W. 

O U, B. 

. 68 35 26 



. 67 49 43 

. 6S 3o 2.-1 

. 67 49 00 

. 63 03 34 

. 71 12 57 

. 67 49 25 
tTlie" Isles orSliOLils"are iieveninnumlitr, viz., Hog, Smutty Sose. SWr, T)uok, Wliile, Ltalaga, and Londoncerlslnnda. Tlie three 
tute tlifl tnwn of Gonsporl, .Y. Uamp., ami tlie four latter the town of Isles of Slionh. Jl/c. Tlicy were originully culled Smith's Islands, 
discovered by itie celvbrnted Jobn ^niith \a 1614. Tlie prejteut population i* 13^— io N, Hamp. lOJ, nnJ in Maine 29. 
41S 



I.nt. PJ. 



Pine Ijiland of ScTen Islands (St. .lolm River). .. 46 4li 63 ... 

PoliPiia^tnook Lnkc (monument at outlet) 47 27 33 .. 

Polienagamook Lake (bead of) 47 31 39 , 

Sa<ldl*bafk Moun!Hin 4f) 20 56 . 

St. Croix Uiver{inonumentat80urce) 4^ 66 37 .. 

St. Francis R.( Hammond's Barn ne.ir m'tli of ) i)? 10 57 .. 
ToBcliereau's House 45 43 37 ... 



6 ' Zh bh 
(59 13 19 
.. 69 17 3X 
.. 71 01 13 
.. 67 47 00 
,. 63 63 69 
,. 70 24 10 

first ronsti- 
having been 



MAINE. 



attracted tbilher by Ibe superior advantages tln-y affurdud for the pursuit of the fislieries, and they became celel>rated foi 
tbeir dried fish, ktiowu by tbe uuuie of Isles of iShoal dun-fish, which wore prepared by drying theoi slowly aad carefully 
on the rocks. Their po])uIutioii in lS5i) was 1^2. Casco Bay, a spacious basin between Cape Elizabeth and Cape SraaU 
roiiit, contains a great number of fine islands, among which Great Gebrag and Sebascodegan Islands are the largest. 
Tbe shores of the bay afford several excellent luirbors. Seguin Island, further east, is a noted landmark at the nioutU 
of the river Kennebec. Parker's Island, ou which is Georgetown, tbe island of Cape Newagen, and Jeremisquara, are 
large bodies of land betwecen the Kennebec and Damariscotta rivers, south of which are tiie Damariscove islands, a 
group of small but inhabited islets, l-'arther from the shore are Monhegan, St. George's, Matinic, and Matinicus islands. 
Monhegan was formerly famous fur its fisheries. The Fox Island, Long Island, and Doer Island, are the principal islands 
in Penobscot Bay, which extends from White Head, on the west, to lit au Ilaut on the east, ami runs up about 35 miles 
inland. But the largest island on the coast is Mount Desert, containing about Ci),000 acre^. Several of ita heights are 
conspicuous objects far off at se.a, and some of tlicra attain an elevation of from 1,500 to 1,S00 feet. I-'artlier cast is Petit 
Menan, often corrupted to Titmeuan, and at the entrance of Passamatiuoddy Bay is Grand Mcnan, belonging to New 
Brunswick, to wliich province, also,' Campobello and Deer Island, in that bay, arc politically attached. Moose Islands 
belong to Maine. 

The surface of the interior country beyond tbe coast region, which is somewhat flat ami sandy, is, in general, pleasantly 
varied with hills and valleys. There is no connected ridge of mountains in the t^tate, but the norlh-westorn part contains 
numerous detached elevations, whiih may be considered as "outliers" of the White Mountains, and from this section all 
the principal rivers descend in diiyi-rent directions. The Bald Mountain, to the west of Moosehead Lake, Katahdin, 
Mountain, between the cast and west branches of Penobscot Iliver, Saddleback, Ml. Abraham, and Mt. Bigclow, be- 
tween the Androscoggin and the Kennebec, and tbe Sugar Loaf Mountains at the licad of the west branch of the 
"Walloostook arc thought to be the lufiiest points. The highest point oi land in the State is Mt. Katahdin, which rises 
5,yS5 feet above the sea level. 

It is estimated that one tenth part of the State is covered with water; and every portion is abundantly supplied with 
streams and rivulets which, for the most part, How fr(»m or through lakes, and are copiously supplied from these reser- 
voirs throughout the year. The rivers of Maine are characterized by numerous falls, which, while they impede the 
navigation of large craft, do not internipt the descent of logs and rafts, and ftu-nish excellent mill-seals. Along the coaata 
the tiiic-waters often penetrate far inland, filling natural channels, which take the name of rivers, but which are, in 
truth, arms of the sea. The whole of the northern part is drained by the constituents of St. John River— the SL 
Francis, and Madawaska from the north, and the Walloostook, Allagash, and Aroostook from the south. The great 
river of the southern section is the Penobscot, which collects its tribute of waters from the whole breadth of the State. Its 
western branch rises near the heads of the Chautliere, and flows east, receiving in its course several streams from the 
vicinity of the sources of the Allagash and Walloostook, and passing Uirough Chesuncook and Pemadumeook lakes 
below which it has a fall of 50 focL It receives the eastern or Schools branch formed by confluents coming from the 
same tract which sends off the Aroostook to the north. The Mattawamkeag and the Piscataquis, its principal tributa- 
ries, then come in from opposite sides, and at Orono the river falls about 50 or GO feet to the tide level. The tides at 
Bangor. GO miles from the sea, and 30 from Belfast Bay, rise 15 feet, and the river is navigable for the largest vessels 
to that place, but navigation is closed four or five months in the year by ice. The t*ital length of its course is about 
!?50 miles. The Kennebec preserves a remarkable parallelism with the Penobscot, but drains a less extent of country. 
Its head stream, the M'j<ise, rising in tbe highlands, from which issue the south-easlcrn branches of the Chaudiere, 
flows east into Mooschead Lake, the outlet of which takes the name of Kennebec, and runs south to the sc-a. It is 
broken at Embden by the Carratuck Falls; at the mouth of Sandy Ilivcr by the Norridgowock Falls; below Norridge- 
woek by Skowhegan Falls, and at Waterville by Tcconnet i-"alls. The lidc flows up to Augusta, 50 miles from the 
sea, and small vessels and steamboats go up to that place, and its whole length is about 2(K) miles. Below Merry 
Meeting Bay, where it unites wilh the Androscoggin, it often has the name of Sagadahock. The Androscoggin runs in 
a winding course, nmch broken by falls from the north-west corner of the Stale, south through Moosctograagunke and 
TJmbago lakes, into New Hampshire, then turning cast repasses into Maine, and pursues a south-easterly direction to 
Merry Meeting Bay. At Enmswick, a few miles from its moulh, are Pejepscot Falls, with a total descent of 50 feet, and 
higher up are Lewieton Falls, and Pennacook Falls in Bumford. The Magalloway, which flows into Lake Umbagog, is 
its principal tributary. The Dead Uiver and Sebasticook are useful mill streams flowing into the Kennebec. The Saco, 
Union, and Machlas. are small streams. The St. Croix, or Schoodic, which forms a part of the boimdary toward New 
Brunswick, is firmed by the confluence of two l.irge branches, each issuing from a cluster of lakelets; tbe northern 
branch, called also the Cheputnatecook. is a rapid and broken stream, and there are several falls below Uie junction of the 
west branch. At Calais, 12 miles from ita mouth, the tide rises 15 feet. 

The lakes of Maine are so numerous, and some of them so extensive, as to form one of the characteristic features of 
the country. Some of them are remarkable for the picturesque Ixiautics of their scenery, and many of them will be use- 
ful channels of communication when their neighborhoods become more thickly peopled. In the north the Temiscouata 
disebargcs its waters into llie Madawaska, and the Baarachenungamook and Pongokwahcm are the reservoirs from 
which the Allagash is fed. In the centre are Mooschead Lake, the largest in the Stale, being about fitly miles in length, 
but very irregular — from five to fifteen miles in width, ('hesuncook, twenty miles long, and Pemadumeook. The Moosc- 
t'tgmaguntic and Umbagog are on the western border, and the Schoodic, and the Upper Shoodic lakes on the eastern 
border. These are the hirgcst and most conspicuous on the map, but there are hundreds of others, in every direction, 
giving rise to, and receiving streams of various magnitudes. 

Maine is a country chiefly of primary rocks, with a large division of those that refer to the transition period, and toward New 
Brunswick it has an important region of the lower secondary formation. Everywhere it has alluvial aii'i diluvial depositst 
and vast igneous formations, not only in the interior, but forming a barrier against the ocean surge along a considerable part 
of an immense sca-cojist Its mineral deposits are various, and extensively distributed throughout its limits. Iron ore of 
excellent quality is found in great abundance, and in the south-eastern district, between the Kennebec and the St. Croix^ 
there .are indlcalioixs of the existence of bituminous coal. Marble, granite, and limestone, however, constitute the principal 
mineral products, and all are extensively quarried. Lime is abundant, particularly at Thoma-ston and Camden, where 
it is burnt in great quantities for exportation. Maine, indeed, supplies most of tbe States with this article. Granite is 
chiefly found near Hallowell, and is peculiarly well adapted for material in public buildings. It is abundant also in 
many other parts. Mica, talcoae, and other slates occur in extensive beds between the Kennebec and tlie St. John. 

419 



MAINE. 



Soapslone, sandstone, and brecciated rocks of many varieties are found ; also jasper, including the beautiful greenstone 
b-ap and \\s varieties and porphyry. The trnp-dykes are numerous and exceedingly distinct; Ihey cut thnmgh most of 
the other rocks, and produce upon them most distinctly those peculiar effects which to a demonstration i)rove their igneous 
origin; while the diluvial deposits, the boulders and ruins, the diluvial furrows iti the rocks, the sca-shells now adhering 
to and inherent In rocka, which once formed the sea-coast, although now elevated 2G feet above the water, a salt spring at 
Lubec. and many other interesting phenomena illustrate other parts of scientific geology. Maine is also said to have its 
gold region, and of late some excitement has been produced among the inhabitants, by reports of successful mining, but 
it docs not seem that any great amount of the mineral has been colleeUrd, nor is the estimate Important enough to beguile 
the more wary from their usual occupations. Ihere is no doubt, however, of its existence in the State. It is found on 
the streams that rise on the east side of the height of land, and flow cast into the west branch of the Penobscot, and also 
in the tributaries of Moose liiver. The wliole neighboring country is mount:unous, and similar, in many respects, to Iho 
raining regions of other countries. The Chaudiere Kiver, on the British side, is also said to yield the metal in considerable 
quantities. 

The soils of this State are of various compost and fertility : nenr the sea the lands are sandy, and generally unsuited to 
the purposes of agriculture. In the more niountninous regions, though the soil is thin an<l not of the best quality, extensive 
tracts are found which might be used as grazing lands. The district between the Penobscot and Kennebec rivers, 
however, is eminently rich, fertile, and i)rodLielive. Tlial part of the Shite lying between the Penobscot and the Passama- 
quoddy, is what is called '• White Pine Land"— the soil is moist and of considerable strength, and the principal natural 
growth is the white pine mixed with oak, white ash, and beech. At "Wells and Scarboro are several tracts of salt marsh. 

Maine has a cUmate of extremes, but it is seldom so severe as to interrupt farm operations. Vegetation commences 
late, but it is rapid and vigorous. The season of growlh jcxtenda from the middle of April to the middle of October, but it 
does not continue in its full force for more than three and a ha!f months. The temperature ranges between 100° above and 
20° belaw zero, but the changes arc seasonal, and seldom interfere with personal health. Near the coast the summers are 
tempered ami rendered pleasrmt by the recurrence of sea breezes, and in the eastern districts the atmospheric temperature 
is modified by the fogs and vapors rising from the Gulf Stream which in these latitmles sweeps the shores. The frosts 
of winter are uninterrupted, and the lakes and rivers may be passed upon the ice from December to the beginning of 
April. The less hardy cereals frequently suffer from the early frosts. 

The greater part of the surface of Maine is covered with dense forests of pine, oak, beech, birch, etc. White pine and 
spruce, when dressed into masts, boards, and shingles, are largely exported. There is also abundance of timljcr suitable 
for ship-building, and from the facilities with which it is procured, Maine h.os become the greatest ship-building State of 
the Union, and in this department of industry on an average of years produces more tonnage than the three great States 
of Massachusetts, New York, and Pennsylvania together, or more than one-third that of the whole Union. 

Of the aboriginal tribes that formerly hunted in the deep forests of Maine, but few now inhabit the country. There are 
about 000 still in the State; they live principally on the islands of the Penobscot River, which they own, and e*ijoy a cousid- 
eral>le annuity secured U) them by the government. There is also an Indian settlement on the wesleru side of Passama- 
quoddy Bay. The present inhabitants are chiefly of British descent, and the greater portion of them the immediate 
descendants of the original colonists of New l^ngland. There are, however, large numbers of emigrants from other 
European counti'ies, but the proportion of these classes is by no means so great as in most of the other States. The 
colored races form but a small moiety of the people. 

Maine is divided into 13 counties, tlio general statistics of which and tlie capitals of each, in 1S50, were as follows : 

IS Manuf, 



Ciiunties. 

Aroosttiok . . . 
Cumberiand.. 

Franklin S.-isT. 

Hancock 5,550 . 

Kennebec 10.162. 

Lincoln 12,lTii. 

Oxford 6.712. 



Dwell. Pop. J^l!^^^ 
.... 2,03S.. 12.535.. 1,22S. 
....12JG2..T9.M9..5.352. 

20,02T.. 2.521. 

,34.372.. 2,271, 

62.52 1..5.25r.. 

74,S75.. 4,975. 

39,6G-i..4,23S. 



Capitals. 

Floulton 

Porlland 

Phillips 

Castine 

Augusta 

526.. Wiseasset 

150.. Paris 



Ksl.ilj. 

. 5J>. 
.644. 
.1:55. 
.205. 
.331. 



Counties. 

Penobscot, . 
PisL'iitaqui*. 
Somerset . . . 



Dwell. Pop. 

. ..10,374.. 63.0S9. 
... 2,.559..14,7-». 
... 5,917 



Wal.lo 7,031, 

Washington 5,S35. 

Turk 10,664, 



,.36,581. 
.47.3.30. 
,83,310. 
.60,101, 



Capitals. 
.3,988.. 407.. Eailgor 

1,779.. 61. .Dover 

3,313. .155. .Norrulgcwock 
,4,415.. 347.. Belfast 
,1,875.. 810.. Machias 
,6,004.. 353.. York 



The whole number of ihvellings in the Slate was. at the above date, 95,797; of families, 103,787; and of inhabitants, 
683,088; viz., whiles 5S1.7C3— males 296,006, and females 285,138; free eolored 1,326— males 705, and females 020. Of 
the whole population there were, rf«y ujtd. dumh—\yh. ii'i, fr. col. 1— total 230; blind — wli. 201, fr. col, 0— total 201; 
ijuian^ — wh, 533. fr, eol, 3 — total 5.36, and idiniic — wh. 555, Ir. col. 3 — total 553. The number of free persons born in the 
United States was 551,129. the number of foreign birth 31.456. and of birth tmknown 684 ; native population originated a3 
foUows: Muine 517,117, N. Ilamp. 13,609, Verm. 1,177, Mass. 16,535, K, I, 410, Conn, 460, N. Y. 973, N. J. 1:J4, Penn. 201, 
Del. 36, Md. 11.3, Dist. of Col, 28. Virg, 94, N. Car. 27, S. Car. 31, Ga. 24, Flor. 24, Ala. 6, Miss. IC, La. 21, Tex. 9, Ark. 6, 
Tenn. 6, Ky. 14, Oh. 68, Mich. 19, Ind. 5, 111. 38, Mo. 11, la. 1, Wise. 10, Calif. 2, Territories 4. And Ihn foreign, 
population was composed of persims, from— England 1,949, Ireland 13,871, Scotland 532. Wales 60, Germany 290, 
France 143, Spain 13, Pitrlugal ,53, Belgium 2, Uoiland 12, Turkey 4, Ilaly 20, Auslria 3, Switzerland 11, P.ussia 2, Den- 
mark 47, Norway 12, Sweden 55, Prussia 27, China 8, Asia 5, Africa .5. British America 14,181, Mexico 2, Centr.il 
America 0, South America 31, West In<lies 61, Sandwich Islands 1, and other countries, 51. 

The following table will show the decennial progress of the population since the first census of the State taken by the 
United States authorities : 

Colored Persons. Decennial Increase. 
Wliite , ■ , Total , ■ , , 



Census 
Year, 

1790 .... 
1800 .... 
1810 .... 

1320 297,.340 

1830 393,263 



Tersona, Free, 

96,002 533 , 

160,901 818 , 

227,7,36 969 , 

995 , 
1.190 , 



Tola!, 



1840 500,433 , 

1860 681,763 , 

420 



, 1,855 , 
, 1,325 , 



Poiutlalion, 

&38 96,M0 . 



Numerical, 



I'er cenL 



SIS , 
969 , 
995 , 

1,193 . 

1..3.\5 . 



, 161.719 5.5,179 57.1 

, 223,705 70,986 50,7 

, 298,385 69,6:50 80.4 

, 899,455 101,120 88,9 

, 501.793 103,338 25,6 



l,.3i5 588,088 , 



81,295 , 



... 16.2 



MAINE. 



The statistical returns of tlie \veaUli and indnslry of Maine, as furnished by the census of 1st June, 1S50, aud other 
official docunii'iils rcfcrrinj; to that pirind, an- as follows: 

(hotpifd ■ltiii(7s,et(\--hny)ro\ci.\ lands 2,(!ol».o'JG acres, and luiimprovcd lands 2,515,797 acres— valued in cash at 
^04.S61.74S. Number of farms under cullivaliun, 46,7(30; value of fanning iniplemi'nis and machinery, .|.*2,2S 1,554. 

/,//'/^.?i!ac^-.— Horses, 41,7'21 ; asacs and mules, 55; milch cows, iaj,55G; working oxen, S3,S!):j; other cattle, 125,590 ; 
slieep, -151,577; and swine, 54.59S— total value of live-stock, $!l.7(i5,72G. In 1S40, lliere were in the Slate— horses, mules, 
etc.. 59.2US ; neat cattle of all descriptions, 827,255 ; sheep, G49,2G4 ; swine, lI7,;iMs etc. 

Grain O'O/ks.— "Wheat, 29G.259 bushels; rye, 102,010 bushels; Indian corn, l,75i),ii5G bushels; oats. 2,1S1,037 bushels ; 
barley, 151,731 bushels ; and buckwheat, 104,523 bushels. The same crops in 1S40 amounted to— wheat, S4S,1GG bushels; 
rye, 137,941 bushels; Indian corn, 950,.52S bushels; oats, l,it7G,409 bushels; barley, 3."h5,lGl bushels; and buckwheat, 
51,5-13 bushels. Thus, while tlie wlieat and barley crops have diminished about five-ei;;hllis, all the other crops have 
increased, and most of Iheni have doubled in quantity. 

Ot/ier Food Crops.^Vens and beans. 205,541 lm:shels; Irish potatoes, S.4;5G,040 bushels. InlS40, the production of the 
potato crop amounted to 10,392,2Sil bushels, or nearly three times that of 1S50. 

Jliscellanemi^ Croj is-.— \h\.y, 755,SS9 (in 1S40, 091,358) Ions ; clover-seed, 9,('97 bushels ; other grass-seed, 9,214 bushels ; 
hops. 40,121) (in 1840, 86.04*1) pounds; fiax, 17,0Sl pounds; flax-seed, 5S0 bushels; mai)le sugar, 93.542 pounds: molasses, 
3,1G7 gallnns; beeswax and honey, tS9.GlS pounds; silk cocoons, 252 (in lS4i), 211) pounds; wine, 724 gallons. The 
value of orchard products was $342,S(',5. and of marki_t-garden jtroducls, $122,3S7. 

J'rof/iiL-tsffAniiiKtL^.—Vfoo]. l,3')4,ii;U (in iSld, U4G5.551) pounds; butter, 9,24^3,S11 pounds; cheese, 2,4.34,454 pounds; 
jind the value of animals slaughtered during the year was :?!, 040,773. 

Ilome-made MamifacUwes for the year ciuling 1st June, 185'i, were produced to the value of $513,599. 

Mnnvfactnreft. — Aggregate capital invested, $00,000,000; value (tf raw material, fuel, etc., conisumed, $00,000,090; 
average number of hands employed, 00,000— males, ('0,000, and females, O,no0; moutlily ost of labor, $000,()Oii— males 
$000,000, and females $i 10,000— total value- of produt^la for the year, $00,000,000. The wtiole nuudK-r of manufacturing 
establishments in the State, in ls50, producing lo the value of $500 and ujnvard, was 3,082 : and "if these, 12 were cotton 
factories, ^^ woolen factories, 213 tanneries, and 2G establishmenla lur the manufacture of iron— 20 lor eastings, and 1 for 
pig iron. 

The cotton mamifaotures employ a capital of $3,329,700; value of all ra-w material rnnsumed. $1,573,110; monthly 
cost of labor— male $22,895, and female $:;.'>,0T3; value of entire products, $2,59G,3rjO. In this dtparlraeut of manufactures 
Sl,531 bales of cotton were used, and 2,921 tons of coal consumed ; and the number of hands employed— males 7S0, and 
females 2,959. The products fur the year were 32,'-i52,55G yards of sheeting, etc. 

The icoul-en matmfaciures employ a capital of $467,600; and use 1,438.434 pounds of wool, valued at $495,940; number 
of hands — males 310. and females 314; monthly cost of labor — male $0,999, and female $3,097 ; value of enth'e products, 
$753.3110, and quantity of products. 1,023,020 yards of clolh, and 1,200 pounds yarn. 

In tail tt£nci,\ho invested capital is $732,747 ; value of hides and skins, $S92.;U3 ; hands employed — males, 787, and 
females 3; monthly co-^t of labnr— male $17,229, and female $2S; skins tanned 31,350, and sides of leather tanned 
G32,0GS; value of products, $1,020,636. 

In the manufacture of 2^'ff ifon^ the capital invested is $214,000; value of all raw material, fuel, etc., $14,939 ; hands 
cmjiloyed- males, 71; monthly cost of labor. $1,562; pig iron maile. 1,4-84 tons; value of products, $36,016. The material 
consumed consisted of 2.907 I'lns ore. and 213,970 bushels coke and eharcord. 

In Ilie man\ifactJire of ira7i cast/ngs, the invested cajiital is $150. IdO; value nf raw mati-rial, fuel, etc., $112,570; 
number of hands employed— males 243, and females 1 ; average wages per mnnlh— to males $29. and to tVmaIes$3; 
entire value of products — 3.691 tons castings— $265,000. The material and fuel consumed consisted of I'ig iron. 3,591 tons ; 
old metal, 245 tuns; mineral eoal, 1,319 tons; and coke and charcoal, 14,000 bushels. 

Besides the above, Maine has other considerable interests — numerous mills, and various mechanical establishments, 
etc.. which, in the asgrcgale. make up a long ViA of industrial pursuits, for the prulitable prosecution of which the fine 
streams of the country afford special facilities. 

Cwnmerce^ Navigation^ el^t'.- The total value of merchandise exported to foreign countries, from Maine, during the 
year ending 3Mtli January, 1850, was $1,556,912, of which $1,530,818 was the value nf domestic produce and manufac- 
tures, and $20,094 that of foreign goods re-exported. The value of domestic merchandise, exported in American vessels, 
was $1,135,99S, and in foreign vessels $400,820; and the value of foreign merchandise, re-exportfd in Ameriearr vessels, 
was $I4,oG4. and in f'troign vessels $5.,530. The total value of imports for the same year was $850,411. of which $009,155 
was the value of goods carried in American vessels, and $247,250 in foreign vessels. The following table exhibits the 
statistics of shipping employed in the foreign trade : 





eiUPPIXtl KXTERED. 


NatinnaHty. 


Ves!?<"lfi. Tonnni;<? 


American 


253 53.309 


•"oreign 


1.040 89.877 



Tul;il 1,203 



]43,1S6 



T,1G7 



BIIIPPING CLEARED. 
Nntion^lily. Vessels. ToTinaee. 

Americ.-iu DS.'i 111,1'2.3 

Foreign 1.1140 9l,ilU 



T.ilal . 



.1,031 



202,137 



Crews. 
. 4,.'543 
. 5,131 

9.67-4 



The tnnn:i}je clonred from r.aspama(]uo«liIy district was 63,307 tons; from Mnohias, .5,14.5 tons: from Ponobsc<)t, 3,441 
tons; from Walriobnro', 2,.'i46 tons; from AVispiisset, 4 509 Ions; from liilOBl, 11.9.'iO Inns; from Bath, 19.3S2 tons; from 
Bangor, 12.310 tons; from rortland. 77.645 Ions; from Kenncbuok, l.!>13 tons; ami from Saco. 496 tons ; ami tbr* tonnage 
cnt'-red at Passamaqiioibly was 5S.4fi3 toivs ; at Macbias. 3S9 tons ; at Penobscot. 4.140 t^ins ; at AValdobnro', 492 tons ; at 
Wiscassct, 1.025 Ions :',-it Belfast, 830 tons; at Bath. 10.094 tons ; .it Bangor, .3.365 tons ; iit Portland, 64.195 tons, and at 
Saco, 213 tons. The sliipping owned in the State, on tlie 30lh of .June, l'-50, amounted lo 501,421 tons; registered — 
pennnnent, 193,9.55 Ions, and temporary, 41,524 tons; enrolled and liec^nsed— pi-rmanent, 259,fy45 ton.s, and temporary 
499 tons ; licensed (under 20 tons)— employed in coasling 904 tons, and in the rod fisheries 4.(i94 tons. Of the registered 
6liippiiig 821 Ions, and nf the enrolled and licensed shipping 5,25:l tons, were navigated by steam. The proportion of the 
enrolled and licensed shipping employed — in coasling was 209,079 tons, in the cod fisheries 37,218 tons, and in the niaokercl 
flshcries 12,046 tons. 

421 



MAINE. 



The statiatics of the commerce of Maine fur a series of years cxliibit the following movemenu : 



Year. Eiports. 

1S20 $1,108,031 

1821 1,040,848 

1822 1.080,1543 

1S23 805,501 

1824. 900,1 05 

1825 1,031,127 

1S2(J 1,052,5TS 

1837 1,070,1*4 

1328 1,010,517 

1820 737,S-')2 

1630 670,632 



Inn>orLi. 

« - 

980,204 

948,775 

891.041 

70S,44;i 

1,109,941) 

l,245,2-;5 

1,833,890 

1,24G,S(I9 

747.781 

572,CllG 



Y^sr. E.xporta. 

1831 $805,578 

18«2 981,443 

1833 1,019,8,31 

1S34 815,277 

1435 1,059,807 

1^36 S50.9S6 

1837 956.952 

IsJS. 9.36.532 

1880 695,485 

1840 1,018,209 

1841 1,091,665 



Imports. 

$911,407 

1,123,326 

1,080,808 

1,060,121 

88:J,3S9 

930,086 

601,404 

809,142 

982,724 

628,702 

700,061 



Year. Export". 

1842 $1,0.50,.523 

1S4.3 682,801 

1844 1,176,183 

1845 1,255,105 

1846 1,328,8ri8 

1847 1,034.203 

1848 1,957.305 

1840 1,286,081 

1850 1,556,012 

1851 1,551,488 

1862 — 



Importa. 

$606,864 
2.'j0,260 
670,824 
855,645 
787,092 
574,056 
"95,.565 
721,409 
856,411 

1,176,590 



Infernal Communicatiim. — Tlio baya and estuaries of Maine, many of whicli, however, penetrate to a considerable 
distance inland, are llie only natural ways for internal intercourse enjoyed by the State. The great interior back from the 
sea-board district is beyond their reach, and Uio chief rivers, except as far as they can be made to float down the timber 
and rafts of tlio vast forests which abound at their upper courses, are almost useless to navigation. The State, then, has 
had to depend on artificial channels for travel and transportation ; and from necessity, these arc extensive and systematic. 
But the position of Maine Vy the Briti.sli provinces has demanded of it something more than roads to the interior, and 
hence we find its system, completed and projected, extending into Canada <(n the one hand, and into New Brunswick 
and Nova Scotia on the other; while lines of railroad are in operation from the south-east part of the State to Boston, 
connecting with the general system of the Union, and furnishing a link in the great chain extending from IlalitUx, the 
northern terminus of European steam navigation, to the ports of the Gulf of Mexico. The Atlantic and St, LawTeneo 
Eailroad, one of the greatest enterprises of the age, gives to Montreal and Quebec an outlet on the Atlantic, and avoids 
the tedious navigation down the SL Lawrence Eiver. The European and North American Kaih-oad will greatly facilitate 
and shorten the period of travel between Europe and the Union. The lirst of these is now about complete, and tlie latter 
has so far progressed as to insure its completion within the next four or five years. With the exception of one or two 
short lines, the railroads as yet complete are found in the south-east part of the Slate, between the Kennebec Eiver 
and the line of New Il.ampshire. The total length of completed railroad in the State, on the 1st Januar}-, 1853, was 417 
miles. The State has also constructed the Cumberland and Oxford Canal, connecting Portland with Scbago Pond, twenty 
and a half miles long. It has 25 locks, and by another lock, in Saco River, it is extended through Brandy and Long Ponds, 
making its whole lengtii 50 miles. 

£ani&— The bank returns for October, 1850, reported 82 banks. The following statement exhibits their condition at 
that period : Lial,nitue—cii\nis.\ $8,248,000, circulation $2,651,208, deposits $1,223,671, due other banks $48,030, and other 
li.ibilities $38,285 : and assetts— loam and discounts $5,830,330, real estate $111,805, duo by other banks $778,955, notes 
of other banks 'i>187,435, aud specie $475,589. The banks are subject to the control of Bank Commissioners appointed 
by the Governor. 

Government, etc. — The constitution of Maine went into operation in 1820, on the separation of the State from Massa- 
chusetts. It Cimfers the rig?it of suffrage on every white male citizen (except paupers, persons under guardianship, and 
Indians not taxed) 21 years of age, and for three months next preceding any election a resident, and such citizen may 
vote in the town where a residence is so established. The general election is held annually on the second Monday in Sep- 
tember. 

The Leginhititre is composed of a House of Eepreaentativcs and a Senate ; representatives not less than 100, nor more 
than 200 in number (now 151), and elected annually, must be 21 years of age, live years citizens of the United States, one 
year residents of the State, and three months next preceding the election inhabitants of the town they may represent. A 
town having 1 ,500 inhabitants, is entitled to mie representative; having 8,750, two ,• having i,~5, three; having 10,500, 
fmir; having 15,000,/i'e / having 20,250, sias; and having 20,250, seieen; and no town can ever be entitled to more than 
seven representatives. Senators not less than 20 nor more than 81 in number (now SI), must be 35 years of age, and 
otherwise their term of office and qualifications same as for representatives. Vacancies in the Senate shall be filled by 
joint vote of the senators and the representatives, from those who had the highest number of votes in each district at the 
popular election. The Senate tries all impeachments, and a two-thirds vote is necessary to conviction ; but judgment in such 
cases only extends to removal from and disqualillcation for office, the party being still liable to indictment No senator or 
representative shall, during his term, be appointed to any civil office of profit that may have been created, or its emolu- 
ments increased during such term ; and no member of Congress, or person holding office under the Unite<l States, post- 
officers excepted, can hold a seat in either house. The legislature convenes on the second Wednesday in January 
annually. 

The Gmemor is chosen by a plurality of votes, and holds office for one year. He must be 30 years of age, a natural 
born citizen of the United States, an<l for five years, and at the time of his election, and during his term, a resident of the 
State. If no person has a nrnjorily of v<ites, the House of Eepresentsilives, from those having the four highest numbers, 
if there be so many, shall elect two, and return their names to the Senate^ one of whom the Senate shall elect and declare 
governor. No person holding office under the United Stales, this State, or any other power, shall be governor. If the 
office become vacant, the president of the Senate, and after him the speaker of the Kepresentatives, shall act as governor, 
A two-third vole of both houses in favor of a bill vetoed by the governor, nullifies his objection, and it becomes law never- 
theless. The gubematijrial term commences on the second Wednesday of M.ay. 

The Ereciilii'e Cmmcil, consisting of seven councilors, not more than one from any senatorial district, is chosen annually 
by joint ballot of the senators and representatives. They must bo citizens of the United Stales, and residents of the State ; 
and their proper office is to advise the governor in Iho executive part of the government. 

The principal ridministrratKe officers are the Secretary of Slate and the Stale Treasurer. They are chosen annually in 
the same m.anner as the executive council. The Treasurer is not eligible more than live years successively. 

The constitutional organization of the judiciary w;is essentially altered by an act of the Legislature of 1852. The dis- 
iTlct courts, which took the place of the old courts of Common Pleas were, abolished, and all their jurisdiction transferred 
422 



MAINE. 



to the supremo judicial court, lo which throo adtlitioiuil jvisticcs were authorized by the above act. T]ic State is now 
divided into three judicial districts— western, middle, and eastern, and for the purjKise of hearing and determining ques- 
tions of law and equity, instead of being as heretofore held in the several countita, the terms are annually held for these 
districts^ at Portland fur the western district, at xVugusta for the middle district, and at Bangor for the eastern dislricL 
The oilier elates of eases are tried as formerly in the several counties where they arc commenced. There is a probate 
court in each ci>anty, wiih a judge and register ; and each county has a clerk of tlie judicial court. Municipal and police 
courU are eslublif^hed at Portland, lialh, liangor, Augusta, Gardiner, Belfast, Calais, Uockland, and Brunswick. All State 
judges are appointed by the governor, with the advice and consent of the council, and hold office for seven years, unless 
sooner removed for causo. 

Among the general provimona of the constitution, are tlie following: Quakers. Shaker.-*, justices of the Supreme Court 
and ministers of Iho gospeJ, shall be exempt from military duty. t>uitable provision shall be made by towns lo support 
and maintain public schools. Ko grant shall be made by the legislature to any literary iusiilulion, unless it has control 
over its cliarter. No rebgioustest shall be required aa a qualification for any olllce or trust. In all libel cases, the truth 
may be given in evidence, and the jury shall determine both tlie law and the facts. 

Amendments to the constitution must receive a two-thirds vote of both houses, and bo submitted to the people at the 
next general election ; and if a majority is in favor of the amendment, it shall become a part of the conslitviiion. 

The niilitia of Maine, according to the returns of 1S51, consists of 62,53-3 men of all arms and grades, of which 183 are 
commissioned officers, and 62,35U non-conmiissioned officers, musicians, artificers, and privates. Of the commissioned 
officers, 13 are general oGlccrs, IS general staff officers, 24 field officers, and 129 company officers. All persons between 13 
and 45 years of age, not exempt by law, are liable to do military duty. 

Maine has several benevolent 'Institutions, among which the Insane Ilospital at Augusta stands pre-eminent. On the 
4th of December, 1S50, the two wings and most ot the main building were destroyed l)y fire; the books, libraj-y, aiid 
papers of the institution were saved, but 27 of the inmates and one of the assistants perished in the flames. The 
north wing was made habitable by the 1st of January, 1S51, and has since been occupied. The returns for the year 
ending olst March, 1&50, exhibited the condition of the hospital at that lime as follows: number of patients in hospitid at 
the commencement of the past year, 12T ; and received during the year, 126 — total 253, of which number 142 were males, 
and 111 females. Discharged during the year: recovered — males 33, and females 2S; improved — males 10, and females 
111 ; unimproved— males 8, and females S ; and died— males S, and females 7 ; making a total of 117. Of the 12G admitted, 
6 1 were married — males 35, and females 29; 50 were single — 2S males, and 22 females; an<! 12 were widows; and of 
the number, 97 had been diseased less than one year, and 29 more than a year. In ordinary c.ises, the expenses, in- 
cluding board, washing, medical attendance, etc., do not exceed, for males, $250, and for females, $225 per week. In 1S50 
a commission was appointed to establish a Eoform School, and construct appropriate buildings therefor. 

Finmu-es^ Debt, e(e.— According to the annual report of the State Treasurer, the amount of receipts for the year ending 
30th April. 1^50. was .?525,GSS 26, which, with a balance remaining from the last past year of $T9,03S 26, made the total 
resources of the Treasury $604,726 52. The expenditures for the same period amounted to $478,802 45, leaving a suri)lus 
of $125,93-4 07 for future api)ropriation. The principal objects of expenditure were — pay of Legislature, $41,690 ; execu- 
tive expenses, $5,00T 93 ; salaries, $25,1G3 02 ; clerks, $2,800 ; roll of accounts, $13,044 20 ; printing, etc., $2.500 ; cost of 
criminal prosecutions, $23,5TS 66; officers of the State prison. $4,756 25; Insane Hospital, $1,519 50; deaf, dumb, and 
blind. $9,T50 09; school fund, No. 16, $24,435 56; Teachers' Institute, $2,G00; Board of Education, $TS5; Penobscot In- 
dians' fund, $4,1S7 33; agricultural products of Indians, $219 SO; Indian annuities, $1,500; State roads .ind bridges, 
$l.son; militia pensions, $2,123; Maine Reports, $1,5G0; E:istman's Digest of the same, $1,875; agricultural societies, 
$2,202 90; county taxes, $24,479 92; furniture and repairs, $1,100; contingent fund of Treasurer, $1,000; State prison, 
$3.300 ; ])ublic debt paid, $124,250 ; interest on debt, $61,574 29 ; temporary loan, $82,350, etc ; and the chief sources of 
income were— direct taxes, $190,976 60; land office, $132,340 95; permanent school fund, $2,009 30; scliool fund, Na. 
17. $27,230 21 ; county taxes, $14,503 14 ; interest on United Slates loan, $8,100 ; premium on United States stock sold, 
$7,725 ; interest, $3,075 OS ; bank dividends, $700 ; duties on commissions, $2,170, etc. The resources of the State are esti- 
mated at $S19,267 39, among which are enumerated, besides cash on hand and the proceeds of the annual taxes, HIO 
shares in the Augusta Bank, $10,000, and United States sLx per cent, stock duo 1856, $20,000, Tlie whole amomitof the 
public debt at Ihe date above referred to was $854,750, which pays an annual interest of about $55,000. 

Federal liepresejitation. — Maine, according to the provisions of the Act of 23d May, 1850, apportioning representation, 
is entitled to send 6 representatives to the United States Congress. 

lieligiom Benominations.—Acc.ording to the census returns of the United States, taken in 1S50, the statistics of the 
several religious denominations in this State were as follows : 



Dcmimina- Nn. of 


Cl..irrl, 


Val.ie of 


Deniimina- 


tions. Churflies. 




rrnprrlv. 


tiofi.. C 


Baplist 2S3 . . 


93.079 . 


. $426,787 


German TXet. 


Christian ... 9 .. 


.5.5SO . 


. 13,800 


.Jewisli 


Cnniires.'tfl-. 1G5 . . 


61,153 . 


. C2ti.270 


Lutheran . . . 


Dutch Uel". . — . . 


— 


_ 


Mennonite.. 


Episcopal . . 8 . . 


8.0.37 . 


. 52,000 


Mctliojist . . 


Free 19 .. 


0.74-3 . 


. 25,7110 


Moravian . . . 


Friends 24 .. 


7,2-2.5 . 


. 14,5S0 


Presbyter'n.. 



No. of Ciiiir.li 



4,0S4 . 



2riO.C9J 



Si.OOO 



Dennmina- 


No. of 


Cliiircti 


Value 01 


iKins. C'liurrlies. 


accom. 


I'roperiy. 


R. Catholic. . 


11 .. 


6,G50 . 


$20,700 


Sw*'i]t'nt)o'n 


3 .. 


040 . 


8,000 


Tiinkcr 


— .. 


— . 


— 


Uniun 


S-3 .. 


20,087 . 


103,070 


Unitarian... 


15 .. 


10.1 « . 


103.000 


Universalist. 


63 .. 


19.893 . 


120,150 


Minor Sects 


. 1 .. 


150 . 


200 



— making a total of S51 churches, with accommodation for 304,475 persons, and valued as property at $1,712,152. Maine 
constitutes a diocese of the ProtesUint Episcopal Church, and a part of the Roman Catholic diocese of Boston. 

Editcation. — The Board of Education has been abolished, and an Act has been passed, authorizingi instead thereof, the 
appointment by the governor of a school oomnnssioner for each, county, to hold office for one year from Isl May. and it is 
made the duty of each commissioner to spend 50 days at least in his county during the winter term of the schools, in 
visiting and examining Ihe scholars, etc. 

In 182$ twenty townships of public land were reeen-ed as a b.asis for a school fund — the prooce<Is of the land already 
gold are $104,.S63 63, which constitute the jjermanent school fund of the State; and in 1850. twenty-four half townships 
were a<Ided to lliis fund. The banks pay one-Iialf of one per cent, of their capita! stock semi-annually for school use. 
This tax in ISoO amounted to $27,230 27. Of the school fund thus cousUtuteii, $3:3.192 10 was a]>porlioned among the 

423 



MAINE. 

I0WT13, and the towns receiving their sli:iro are obliged l<» raise an amount of schoiil money equal to 40 eenla for eaoh in- 
habitant. In .3,94^^ dislriola and '279 part <^i!^t^icls, wliit-h ma-ie returns for 1S50, there were 2,706 mtilu and 3,921 female 
teachers ; average nionlhly wages— male $IG 6(), atid female $5 92 ; average ienglh of schools in weeks, IS.S ; schools sus- 
pended by int-ompelency of teaehers, 1.V3; number of good schonl-houses, 1,59G; number of pour schonl-Ii oases, 2,013; 
number of hchool-housea built the past year, 120; whole number of scholars, 239,274; whole attendance in winter, 151,360; 
average attemlance, 91,519. The whole amount of sehool money raised by tax was $2t>4,351 17, which was $41,010 31 
more than required by law. The sum of $29,921 46 was exi^rnded for private schools. There were school libraries in 9 
towns. The wlude number of chartered itcadcmies in the Stiite in 1850 was 92, of which 6i sustain schools during a 
greater or less part of the year. Teachers* institutes have bi-eu iti successful operation lor several years ; 1,732 teachers 
attended them in 1S50— SOI males, and 931 femah-s; and the session of each institute lusted ten days. 

The two great eoUeges of Maine arc Bowdoin arul Watcrville colleges. Bowdoin College, nt Brunswick, was founded 
in 1SU2, and in 1S50 had 14 professors, 1.062 alumni, of whom 1>7 liad entered the ministry, 129 students, and a library rW 
27,500 volunK-s ; nn<l Walcrvilie College, of "WatcrTinc, under Baptist jurisdiction, was founded in 1S20, and in 1S5D had 
5 professors. 2G7 alunmi, uf whom 82 had entered the ministry, S3 students, and a library of 15,500 vohimes. There is a 
Theological Seminary at Bangor, under Congregational auspices. It was founded in 1816, and in 1S50 had 3 professors, 
87 students, 202 graduates, and 7,000 volumes in its library. The Maine Medical Sehool, at Brunswick, was founded in 
1S20, ami in 1S50 had 5 professors, 51 students, and G34 graduati^s. These institutions are liberally endowed, and have 
all the appliances, apparatus, etc., necessary to illustrate the various subjects tau-ght. 

Public Libraries. — One State library — 9,000 volumes ; two social libraries — 6,870 volumes ; two college libraries — 1G,S00 
volumes ; six students' libraries — 13,134 volumes; two academical and professional libraries — 10.800 \olumcs; oneBeientific 
and historical library — 300 volumes ; seventeen public school libraries— 152 volumes — total 31 libraries and 5G,s.* 6 volumes. 
There is a great discrepancy between the account of the college libraries given by the census as above and that published 
in the annual catalogues of the respective institutions. 

Periodical Press.— The whole number of periodicals in Maine, according to the ascertainments of the census of 1S50 
was 55, of which 15 were whig in politics, 15 democratic, and 25 neutral or devoted to literature, science, religion, etc. ; 
and of the whole number 4 were published daily, 3 tri-weckly, 4 semi-weekly, 43 weekly, and ono semi-monthly. The 
aggregate circulation of each issue of the dailies was 6,100 ; of the tri-wecklies, 370 ; of the semi-weeklies, 1,350 ; of the 
weeklies, 58,567 ; and of the semi-monlhly, 2,500. Of the dailies 2 were published in Porlland, and 2 al Bangor ; of the 
tri-weeklies, 3 at Portland, and 1 at Bath ; of the semi-weeklies, 1 at Gardiner, 1 at Bath, 1 at Thomaston, and 1 at 
Biddeford ; of the weeklies, 9 at Portland, 1 at Farmington, 4 at Augusta, 1 at Halloweli, 2 at Waterville, 4 at Bath, 1 at 
Newcastle, 1 at Lewiston, 1 at Kockland, 2 at Paris, 2 at Norway, 1 at Dover, 4 at Bangor, 2 at Skowliegan, 8 at Calais, 2 at 
Belfast, 2 at Saco, and 1 at Limerick ; and the semi-monthly, the " Scholar's Leaf," at Portland. The •' Maine Farmer," 
an agricultural paper, published at Augusta, circulates 5,300 copies at each issue, and has the highest circulation of any 
periodical in the State. The " Transcript," a literary issue, published at Portland, circi ates 4,60S copies, and has the 
second highest circulation. 

Pauperism and Crim^.— The whole number of paupers who received support within the year ending Ist June, 1S50, 
was 5,503, of which 4,553 were natives, and 950 foreign born ; autl the whole number (»f paupers on the list at the above 
dale was 3,535, of which 3,209 were natives, and 32G foreign born ; annual cost of support, $154,664. The Stale prison is 
located at Thomast'in. The whole number of convicts in this institution 30th April, IS49, was 97, and the number received 
in the year next following was 31— total 93. Discharged by expiration of sentence 17, by pardon 5, and by death 1 ; and 
on tJie 30th April, 1S50, 75 remained incarcerated. Of those convicted in 1S49-50, 4 were for arson, 5 for burglary, 2 for 
forgery, 49 for larceny, 5 for murder, and 1 for passin'^ counterfeit coin. The whole number of convicts received into the 
prison since 2d July, 1S24, up U^ the end of the official year 1S50, was 9S1. 

Historical Sk^c/t. — The first settlements of Maine were for a long period interrupted by savage incursion. Though 
visited at an early period, no permanent colonies were established until the commencement of the seventeenth century. 
In 1G04 the Frencli settled on the Kennebec, and in 1C07 Sir Jolin Gilbert arrived at the mouth of llie same river with 100 
colonists, but having passed the winter in great suffering, the party returned to England, representing tlie country m a 
" cold, barren, and niountainoiis desert." The unfortunate result of this enterprise discouraged any further attempts on 
the part of the English for some years. The French, however, had established themselves on different parts of the coast, 
and the Dutch also had a settlement at a place called Newcastle. After the formation of the Plymouth Company a more 
regular system of colonization was attempted, but no effectual settlement by the English was made before 1635. In that 
yeiir the country was parceled into shares, but none of Ihe holders, except Sir Ferdinand Gorges, who received a grant of 
the I-ands between tlie Piscataqua and Kennebec, obtained their patents. His charter, granted in 1639, gave him despotic 
power over the district, and Ihe laws he promulgated on taking possession were aristocratic and feudal in their character, 
and litUe suited to the English emigrant of the time. The population of the province seems aeeordingly to have inercased 
but slowly. The first general council was held at Saco in 1640. The government was administered in the name of Gorges 
until 1617, when, on his death being announced, the people look the administration of affairs Into their own hands, and 
elected a governor from among themselves until 1652, in whicli year the province was incorporated with Massachusetts, and 
so remained until Cljarles II. restored it to the heirs of Gorges. The government of Massachusetts, however, shortly after- 
ward purchased the whole country for £1,200 sterling, and thcnceafler it was governed as part of her territory, and was 
included in the new charter of Massachusetts in 1691. At that time tho present State of Maine was divided into two 
parts— the country between tho Piscataqua and Kennebeo, which contained the principal settlements, and was exclusively 
called Maine, and that between the Kennebec and the St, Croix, which was know n by the ancient French name of Acadie. 
The province was not supposed to extend back from the sea farther than 120 miles, and the territory beyond that disLance 
was considered as crown lands. The whole country, from the Piscatiujua to the St. Croix, was now granted to 
Massachusetts. 

From its first settlement to the middle of tho eighteenth century the inhabitants suffered grievously from Indian warfare. 
The savages opposed step by step the progress of tho colony. In 1675 almost all the settlements were destroyed, and from 
1692 to 1703 the province was a uniform scene of rapine. In 1720 the harassing conflict, was renewed, and the settlers 
suffered severely until 1726, when a treaty was conehnlcd wliicti secured peiice for several years. So late as 1744 and 
174S many ol tho inhabitants were killed or carried off from the towns. Since 1749, however, when anotlier treaty was 
made, tranquillity hits prevailed, and at the present time few Indians remain within tho State. 

From the period of the union with Massachusetts to the final separation in 1S20, the history of Maine has been merged 
424 



jMAI 



MAM 



in that of Massaclnisi-lls. VTc lic:ir little of tlu- former iluriuf; the r.i-voliilionary War. In llie war of Isli-lf) a portion of 
llio (iislriot was compt'lfcd lo siilirnit to the British arnjs, anil remainea under their comrol until the return of peace 
Is'o attempt was made to dislodge the enemy. 

Tlie separation of the dislriet f^om the jurisdiction of jrassachiisetts, and its erection into an independent Stale, were 
rrei)ucntly attempted, Ijut without success. In October, 17S.'>, a convention met at Portland for the purpose of considirinj; 
the suliject. In the succeeding year the question was submitted to the people of Maine, to be decided in town meetings, 
when il was found that a majority of the freemen were against the measure. The subject was renewed in 1SII2, when 
a"ain a majority appeared adverse to a separation. In 1S19, numerous petitions having been presented to the Lcgisl.ature, 
an .act was p:issed for ascertaining the will of the people, in conformity to which a vote was tal;en in all the towns. A 
lar£,'e nnijorily now voted in favor of the separation, and in ei>iisequence of the desires of the inhabitants thus expressed, a 
coilvention was called under the authorizatioli of the Legislature of Mas-sachuselts. A constitution was adopted which 
received the approbation of the ])eople, and on the 15th March, 1S'20, the District of Maine became an independent Stale 
and a ineinher of llie United Slates. 

AuousTA, on the Kennebec Eiver, is the political capital atid seat of the State Government. 



JiAiSE, t. and p. v., Broome Co., K. Y.: Via m. W. S. W. 
Albany. Drained by two crcclis flowing into the Susque- 
hanna r. Surface nuich broken ; soil best adapted to graz- 
ing. The v. is situate in .S. W. part of t., on Nantieoke er. 
The t. contains several saw-mills, grist-mills, and tanneries. 
Pop. 1,^43. 

JI.UNE, p. o., Cook CO., 111.: 1T5 m. N. E. Springfield. 

Mainhsci-kg, p. 0., Tioga county, J'enn.: Wi in. N. 
llarrisburg. 

Mainevilli:, p. v., Columbia Co., Pfitn. : 151 m. N. N. E. 
llarrisburg. There is a cold blast furnace (the Catla- 
wissa). constructed in ISlo, of 1.3mi tonsaninial eaii.icily. also 
a forge of same name, constructed in lS-*4, wiiieh produces 
annually 100 tons of bars. 

Malaga, p. v., Gloucesler Co., jV". Jei: : near Scotland 
Branch fork of Maurice r., 4T m. S. S. W. Trenti.n. It eon- 
tains a glass manufactory, several stores, and workshops. 

Malaga, t. and p. v., Monroe eo., Ohio : 95 m. E. by S. 
Columbus. Drained by tributaries of Seneca cr. Surface 
hilly and rough ; soU varied. The v. is situated iu N. part. 
Pop. 1,501. 

Malcolm, p. v., Jefferson co.. Miss. : Gl m. S. W. .Tack- 
son. There is a railroad running from Natchez lo this v., a 
distance of 29 miles. 

Maldes-, t. and p. v., Middlesex co., .Vtiss. : 5 m. N. 
Boston. Bounded on the S. by Mystic r., whieli separates it 
from Charlestown, to which it is connected by a bridge. 
Drained liy Ch:irles r. .Surface uneven, abounding in salt 
meadows and timber lands. Maiden, like Meilford, Som- 
nierville, and Cambridge, is considered as a suburb of 
BostoiL First settled in ll!4S, incorporated in 1649. It is a 
bu.sy town, with several manufactures, workshops, and nu- 
merous stores. The Boston and Maine K. P,. passes through 
it, from wliich point the Medford Branch P.. P.. diverges. 
Pop. of I. 3,520. 

Maldes, p. v., Ulster CO., X. Y. : on the W. side of the 
Hudson r., 41 m. S. by W. Albany. There is a regular 
steamboat landing, and large quanlities of leather and flag- 
ging stones are shipped. 

Malden Bridge, p. v., Columbia county, X. 1'.: on 
Kinderhook cr., 1" m. S. by E. Albany. 

Malueoeeox islands, Z<i.: a small cluster of islands 
lying off the raoulh of Lake Borgne. 

Mallet Creek, p. v., Medina co., Ohio: on a fork of 
. Eocky r., 97 m. N. N. E. Columbus. 

Mallori-sville, p. v., Wilkes co., Gii. : CG m. Jf. N. E. 
Milledgeville. 

Malone, l., p. v., and cap. Franklin co., ^V. ]'. ; 145 m. 
N. by W. Albany. Drained by Salmon and Tnuit rivers, 
which flow into Canada. The Northern ((.>gdensburg) 
E. E. crosses the N. part of the t., miming through the 
v., which is pleasantly situate on both si<ies of Salmon r., 
over which tliere is a bridge built of stone. Surface level ; 
soil iu general fertile. There are very fine specimens of the 
Potsdam sandstone quarried here. Magnetic iron ore, bog 
iron ore, anil other minerals, are ^> be found along the river. 
Tliere is flne water-power, which is employed extensively in 
manufactories, of 'which there are a great number. The v. 



is the seat of justice for the county, and has sever.al manu- 
factories of cotton goods, leather, scythes, pails, etc. The 
'Franklin Gazette" (dem.), aud '•Frontier Palladium" 
(whig), are issued weekly. Pop. r,r t. 4,.')4". 

Malta, t. and p. o., Saratoga eo., X, Y. : 23 in. N. Albanj". 
Drained by a small stream wliieh bounds it on tlie X. and 
Siiratoga Lake on the E., and Antlioin's Kill ('»ntlet of 
Round Lake), in the S. Surface undidating; soil fertile, 
lu the t there are several stores, mills, and manufactories. 
Pop. 1,:U9. 

Malta, t. and p. v., Morgan Co., Ohio: Gl m. E. S. E. 
Colundius. Drained by Muskingum r., which lonns its E. 
boundary. Surface uneven; soil fertile. The v. is situate 
in the N. E. part of Ihe L on Ihe Muskingum river. Pop. 
of t. 1,303. 

Maltaville, p. T., Saratoga Co., K Y. : 21 m. N. by W. 
Albany, near Kouml Lake. It contains a factory and mill, 
and about 25 dwellings. 

Malcgis Grove, p. c, Leo co.. Ill, : 133 m. N. by E. 
Springfield. 

Malvern, p. o., Carroll county, Ohio: 101 m. N. E. 
ColumlHKs. 

Mamakating, t. and p. o., Sullivan eo., K. Y.: SI m. 
S. 8. W. Albany. Surface hilly and inoimtainous. having 
on the E. the Shawangunk Mountain, and in the W. a high 
riilge : through the centre flows B:»he's Kill, and the 
Delaware and Hudson Canal. The New York and Erie 
i;. 11. crosses the S. part of town. It contains numerons 
stores, 6 tanneries, 3 distilleries, a number of grist-mills and 
saw-mills. Pop. of t. 4.107. 

Mamaroxeck, t. and p. v., Westchester Co., X. Y.: 119 
m. S. Albany. Draine-1 by Mamaroncck cr., flowing into 
Long Island Sound, which bounds it on the S. The Xew 
York aud New Haven K. E. passes through the t Surface 
uneven— in parts hilly ; soil good and well cnllivafed. The 
V. is situate on the Sound. Several sloops owned here ply 
between the v. and New York. There arc 2 churches, 
several stores, and a salamander safe manufactory in tho v., 
and iibout 3ii0 inhabitants. Pop. of t. 92S. 

i\lAMM(.Tn C'ave. p. o., Edmonson county, Kt/. : 95 m. 
S. W. Frankfort, and near Green river.' It is situated mid- 
way between Louisville and Nashville, and is a fashionable 
place of resort. The cave is approached through a roman- 
tic shiide. At the entrance is a rusli of cold air ; a descent 
of 30 feet by stone steps, and an advance of 150 feet 
inwanl brings the visitor to the door, in a solid stone wall, 
which blocks up the entrance of the cave. A narrow p.as- 
sage leads lo the great vestifntle or ante-chamber, an oval 
hall, 200 by 150 feet, and 50 feet high. Two pas.sag.-s. of 
100 feet width, open into it, and the whole is su|)port- 
ed without a single column. This chamber was used 
by the races of yore as a cemetery, judging from the bones 
of gigantic size which are discovered. A hundred feet 
above your head you catch a fitful glimpse of a dark-gray 
ceiling, rolling dimly away lilce n cloud, and lieavy bnllrcsses. 
apparently bending under the snpcrincnmbenl weight, pro 
ject their enormous musses from the shadowy wall. Thu 
scene is vast, solemn, and awful. In the silence that pcr- 

4'25 



MAN 



MAN 



Tides, you cii. .iistincUy hear Ihe throbbings of your hear . 
InAuduhon Avenue, IcaUins from the hall, is a deep well 
of pure spriuK «ater, surrounded hy stalagmite columns 
from the floor to the roof. The LUUe Mt /feom eontams a 
pit 2S0 feet deei., and is the resort of myriads of hats. The 
Grand GuV<-r,i is a vast tunnel, many miles long and lltty 
feel hi"h. and as wide. At the end of the first quarter of a 
mile irthe KentiKky CUfi and the CT,«reft,inO feet ..i 
diameter and G3 feet high. A natural pulpit and organ-loft 
are ..ot wanting. " In this temple religious serviees have 
frequently been performed." The Gothic Avenne, reached 
by a fliglit of stairs, is 40 feet wide, 15 feet high, and 2 m. 
long. Mummies have been discovered here which have 
been the subject of curious study to science ; there are also 
stalagmites and stalactites, LoumCi Bmcer, and Tidcan « 
Funmce. On the walls of the Hegkter Booms are inscribed 
thousands of names. "The GotMc CTaprf, when illumi- 
nated with lamps, inspires the beholder with feelings of 
solemnity and awe." At the foot of the De-mlS Arm Cluur 
is a small basin of sulphur water. Then there is the Breiisi- 
work, the ElephanVs Head, Lorer's Leap, GateicoodS 
Dininy TaUe, and the Cooling riiJ, a basin 6 feet wide 
and 3 feet deep, of the purest waler-A'n/JoZfon-s Dome, 
etc., etc. The Bail Room contains an orchestra IS feet high ; 
near by is a row of cabins for consumptive patients— the 
atmosphere being always temperate and pure. The Star 
Chamber presents an optical Ulusion. " In looking up, 
the spectator seems to see the firmament itself, stadded with 
star.s and afar off a comet with a bright tail." The Temple 
is an immense vault, covering an area of two acres, and 
covered by a single dome of solid rook, 120 feet high. It 
rivals the celebrated vault in the Grotto of Antiparos, which 
is said to be the largest in the world. In the middle of the 
dome there is a large mound of rocks rising on one side 
nearly to the lop. very steep, and forming what is called the 
Mountain. The Hivnr Hall descends like the slope of a 
mountain ; the ceiling stretches away before you, vast and 
grand, as the firmament at raidniglit. A short distance on 
the lea is a steep precipice, over which you can look down 
by the aid of torches upon a broad, black sheet of water, SO 
feet below, called the Dead Sua. This an awfully impres- 
sive place, the sights and sounds of whicli do not easily pass 
from memory. The Mammoth Cave is sai.l to be explored 
to the distance of ten miles without reaching its termina- 
tion while the aggregate width of all the brandies is over 
foriy milea ! Next to Niagara, it is the wonder of nature 
in the western world, or perhaps throughout aU her domains. 
Maxack, p. 0., Lowndes county, Ala.: 27 m. S. W. 
Montgomery. 

Makauawkis, p. v.. Ocean Co., K Jer. : on Jlanahawkm 
cr., 4 m. W. Little Ei-g Harbor Bay, « m. S. E. Taunton. 
It contains 3 churches, several small stores, and about 260 
inhabitants. 
MASALAPAN,p. o.,Monmouth CO, AT. J. : 21 m. E. Trenton. 
MANAsquAM, p. v., Monmouth co., M. Jer.: on Manas- 
quam cr., 35 m. E. 91 E. Trenton. 

M\s\siii-AM river, Jlonmouth counts'. A' Jer.: rises m 
Freeliold t , and after a S. E. course of 13 m., enters the 
Alhmlic by Manasquam inlet. The tide-water, 3 m. above 
its mouth.'is crossed by Squam Bridge. 

Man-asses Gap, p. o.,Warren eo., Tirg. : the gap is a pass 
on the Blue Eidge, which here divides the counties of lau- 
quier and Warren. The Manasses Gap E. K., from Alexan- 
dria to Front Eoyal, passes tlirough it. 

Manatawnt, t. and p. o., Berks county, Penn : Gl m 
E N E. llarrisburg. Drained by Saeony cr., a tributary of 
Maiden cr. Surface level : soil loam and gravel and ve^y 
productive. The v. of Kutztown is situated in the ^^ . part 
o t.. and has a church, 3 stores, and about ',.0 'Iwellit^gs 

Manatkf.. p. v., llillshoro-co., J>7or. ; on an arm of fepintu 
Santo B.ay. .37 m. S. Tampa. 241 m. S. S. K. Taihihassee 

MA.AvrsK, t. and p. v., ruiladetphia .'O., f "«■; ""» »' 
Ihc suburban districts of Philadelphia, . m. N. N. W. 1 Uila 
426 



delphia. and ^^ m. W. by S. Harrisburg. It is situate on E. 
bank Schuylkill river, at the junction of Pliiladelphia and 
Reading U. K. with the Philadelphia, Germantown, and 
Norrist^Avn R. K. It has fine water-power, created by tho 
waste water of the canal. Two bridges cross the Schuylkill 
river at this place. There is a forge situate here, as also a 
rolling mill ; the latter produced (in 1S49) 600 tons boiler and 
flue iron, and otherwise considerable manufacturing aud 
other business are carried on. Pop. 6,139. 

MANCuAc.p. v., E. Baton Eouge par., La.: on E. bank 
Mississippi r., 9 m. 8. Baton Eouge. 

Mascoac House, p. o., Travis county, Tex.: 11 m. S. 
Austin City. , 

MAScnACO, p. v., -Worcester co., Mass. : on a fori ot 
Blackstone r., 39 m. S. W. Boston. 

MANCnKTEE, t. and p. v., Hartford CO., Conn. : 9 m. h. 
ILartford. Drained by Hockanum r., which affords excel- 
lent water-power. Surface uneven; soil ferUle and pro- 
ductive. In 1794 the first cotton-mUl in the State was built 
here. It is a very important manufacturing town. There 
are several paper-mills, 2 powder-mills, and a number of 
woolen and other manufactories. The v. is pleasandy sit- 
uated in the N. of t, on line of the Hartford, Providence, 
and FishkiU K. E., 23 m. TV. by N. -WiUimantic. Pop. of 

town, 2.546. .^rr c -nr 

Maschestee, p. v., Scott county, lU. : 40 m. W. b. w. 

Springfield. ^ , ..„ o •■, 

MAXcmffiTEK, p. v., Dearborn county, Ind. ; i2 m. S. L. 

Indianapolis. .. . „ c 

MANcnasTF.a, p. v., and cap. Clay co., Ky. : situate on S. 

side of Little Goose cr., a tributary of Kentucky r., 93 m. S. li. 

Frankfort. There are salt works iu the vicinity. It con- 

tains a court-house, etc. „ , _. 

M.o-cnESTEE, p. v., CarroU county, Md.: 49 m. N. by W. 

Annapolis. __ 

JiAKcmsTEE, t. and p. v., Essex county, Mas>. : on 
Massachusetts Bay, 7 m. N. E. Marblehcad, 21 m N. E. 
Boston Manchester has a fine harbor, suitable and safe for 
vessels of moderate draft. Fishing is the chief employ- 
ment of the inhabitants. The surface of the t. is rough, and 
the soil varied. Ship-building is carried on to some extent, 
besides which there are manufactories of leather, boots, 
«hoes, cabinet-ware, palm-leaf hats, and ships' wheels are 
manufactured here. The vUlage is pleasantly situated, aud 
commands a delightful prospect. The Gloucester Branch 
E. E. passes through it, connecting at Beverly (9 m. Ti^ .) 
with the Eastern E. E. Pop. of the 1 1,C3S. 
Maxcuestee, p. 0., Washtenaw co., Mich- : 45 m. 8. E. 

^m!"4estee, p. v., St Louis CO., Mo.: on the St. Louis 
and JeflV-rson City post-road, IS m. W. St. Louis, 98 m. L. 
Jefl-erson City. , 

Mascuesteb, t.. p. city, and one of tho capitals ni"*})"f- 
oiLdi eo K. Hamp. : IS m. S. i E. Concord. Drained 
by'a number of small streams which disch.arge themselves 
into the Merrimac r., which forms the W. boundary, and 
afi-ords excellent water-power. Mass,abesick Pond is on the 
E border of the t.. from which Cohas brook issues and 
fiows into the Merrimac river. Surface undulating; soil 
varied tli.at along the river being easy of cultivation and 
very productive. The canal by Amoskeag Falls, 1 m. in 
len"th. Is in this town. These are the largest falls on the 
Merrimac, having a descent, in the course of a mile, of 
from 60 to 60 feet There are now iu opcrati.m at this place 
several large cotton-miUs, owned and operated by the 
Amoskeng Manufaemring Company, and three by the Stark 
Mills Corporation, consuming annually 86,000 bales of cot- 
ton 6:»,ono pounds of potato starch, Sl.OnO g.illons sperm 
011,6,700 cords wood, 1,2I10 tons anthracite coal, and pro- 
du'cin<»39.50(f.0n0 vardsof sheeting, shirting, ticking, denims, 
merino stripes, aiid cotton fiannel. There is a blue-dyeing 
establishment cotton warehouses, repair shops, counting- 
houses, and numerous blocks of dwelling-houses used for 



MAN 



MAN 



boanlins-houses for the operatives, all built of brick, ami neat 
in appearance. There la an extensive machine-shop an<l 
foun.lry owned by the Amoskeag Company, with hou3L« 
a-ijoiriini; fur the accommodation of the hands employed. 
The Mnusselin De Laine Works, owned by the Manchester 
Print "Works Corporation, produce 10,000,000 yards of 
mousselin de laine and fine prints annually, whieii are cele- 
brated for their superior quaUty. There is quite a large village 
near the mills, having a good town-house, two stnries high, 
with a spacious hall, cupola, clock, etc., and the usual num- 
ber of oiher public buildings, a largo number of n<'at dwell- 
ings and stores, and several hotels and schools. Ti»e city 
of Manchester is situate on a plain about 95 feet above the 
river ; it is neatly laid out with wide streets, the principal one 
being 100 feet wide, extending more than a mile N. and t^. ; 
the cliief part of the other streets intersect it at nearly right 
ttngk'S, wjiile four run parallel with it. There are extensive 
public squares, ornamented with trees. A public cemetery, 
called the Valley, containing some 20 acres, laid out with 
winding paths and avenues, is situate near the v. by tlie 
side of :i beautiful stream. Tho t. is connected by bridges 
with 0<)lf^tow,Ti and Be<lf.>rd. The villages of Tiscat.a- 
quog and Amoskeag, on the W. side of the r., are connected 
by these bridges with Manchester, and constitute with it 
but one place of business. The growth of the city is rapid 
and unrivaled by any other in the country except Lowell. 
The Manchester and Lawrence li. R., Concord K. K., and 
the New Hampshire Central It. R., all diverge from this 
point, IS m. distant from Concord, The city is lighted with 
gas. There are 10 churches in the town— '2 Congregational, 
1 Kpisodpalian, 3 Baptist, 2 Methodist,! rniversalist. and 1 
Unitarian; 2 banks, the Manchesier Bank, capital $125,ii(Kl. 
and the Amoskeag Bank, capital $150.0110. The "Granite 
Farmer'" (weekly, agric.), "Manchester Mes.senger" (week- 
ly). "Manchester American" (weekly, whig"). '* Manchester 
Mirror" (daily), and ''The Democrat'' (weekly, dem.), are 
piil)ll>^hcd here. Pop. of t, 13,023. 

Manchestee, p. 0., Ocean county, A' -Xer.: 35 m. S. E. 
Trenton. 

MANeirESTTK, t. and p. v., Ontario county, K. Y. : 1?3 m. 
"W. by N. Albany. iJrained by outlet of Canandaigua 
Lake. Surface undulating; soil sandy loam and clay, un- 
derlaid by lime, and very fertile, b^^ng well ada])ted to 
wheat. There is a sulphur .cpring in the E. part of town, 
called Clifton Springs, of some celebrity. The v. is situate 
on Canandaigua oullet, and contains several churches^ 
Btorcs, a woolen factnry, a furnace, 35 dwellings, and about 
2.'>0 inhabitants. There arc in the t. a number of manufac- 
tories. Pop. oft 2.940. 

MANcnESTEE, p. V.. Aflams co., Ohio: 91 m. S. by "W. 
Columbus. Pleasantly situate on theN. side of the Ohio r. 

Mancuester, t. and p. o,. York co., PeJin. : situate on the 
S. side Susquehanna r., between Conewngo cr. and Codonis 
creek, 15 m. S. E. ITarrisburg. Surface uneven ; soil fer- 
tile. There are several distiHeries. a flour and grist mill, 
and saw-mills. There is a hot lilast furnace situate here, 
the annual capacity of which is 1,400 tons. Pop. of t. 6.139. 

MANrnESTFn, p. v.. Sumter dist., S. Car. : 31 m. E. S. E. 
Columbia. The Wilmingtnn and Manchester B. P. passes 
itl."iti m. frnra Wilminglnn. and m. from the junction. 

Mancuester, p. v., and cap. CnfTc-Q co., T^?/}}. : on a fork 
of Buck r., W. part of county. 49 m. S. E. Nashville. 

MAKcnrjiTEB. t., p. v., and cap. Bennington co., Vrnn. : SI 
m. S.W. Montpelier. Situate between the Green and Equi- 
nox mountains. The scenery is very beautiful, Prained by 
Battenkill r. and its branches, which afford gnod water- 
power. The soil along the water-course is good, but the 
principal part of the t- is better adapted to grazing than till- 
age. There are extensive quarries of beautiful marble, and 
alBO several manufactories, saw-mills and grist-mills. The 
v. is pleasantly situate in the centre of t. on an elevation. 
The Western Vermont E. E. passes through it 30 m. from 
Kutland. Pop. 1,732. 



MANcnnsTKP., p. v., Chesterfield co., Vug. : on the W. 
bank of James r., 2 m. below Richmond. Mayn's Bridge 
connects the v. with Ki( hmond. It contains several facto- 
ries and mills, 4o0 dwellings, and about 2,0i)0 inhabitants. 
Immense water-power is furnished by tho fails at this place. 

Manchester Bridgk, p. o., Duchess co., X. Y. : 03 m. S. 
Albany. 

MiVNcnKSTER Centre, p. c, Ontario co., JV. Y. : isl m. 
W. by N. All.iany. 

Maxouester Station, p. o., Ilurtford co., Omit. : m.E. 
Ilartfnrd. 

Manpana, p. v.. Onondaga co., A'i Y.: near Skaneatles 
Lake. 141 m. W. by N. Al!>auy. 

Mani>arin, p. v., Duval co., Flor.: on E. bank of St. 
John's r., 105 m. E. Tallahassee. 

Mandeville, p. v., St. Tammany par., La. : on N. bank 
of Lake Pontchartrain, 63 ni. E. J S. Baton liouge, and 
13 m. E. Pass Manchac. 

Maxgohick, p. 0., King "William co., Vh-'j. : 27 m. N. E. 
Eichmond. 

Manuasset, p. v.. Queens co., X. Y. : at the head of Cow- 
Neck, 127 m. S. Albany. 

Manhattan, p. v., Putnam CO., Ind.: 39 m. "W. S. W. 
Indianapolis, 2 m. W. Eel river. 

Manhattan, t.and p. v., Lucas co., Ohio .'in m.N.byW. 
Columbus. Situate at the mouth of the Maumee r., which 
divides it in two parts, and bounded on the N. E. by Mau- 
mee Bay. Drained by the Maumee and Ottawa rivers, and 
the Wabash and Erie Canal terminates here. Snrface 
level ; soil fertile. Pop; 541. 

Manhattan island. {See New York City). 

Maniiattanville. p. v., New York co., iV. )'.• on the 
line of the Hudson Biver E. E., S ra. from City Hall, New 
York, 130 S. Albany. Situate on the E. side of ihe Hudson 
river, contains several stores and a white-Iea<l factory, etc.. 
and there is a fine wharf here. About half a mile distant, 
on an elevation, is the New York Lunatic Asylinn. 

JIanheim. t. ami p. v., Herkimer co.. A'. ]'. ; 03 m. N. W. 
Albany. Bounded on Ihe S. by the Mohawk r. Drained 
by East Canada cr., which flows into the Mohawk r. Sur- 
face level ; soil rich and very productive on the alluvial 
fiats along the river. It contains several stores and miils. 
The village is situate in S. part of town, near the line of the 
Utica and Schenectady E. E. Pop. of 1. 1,903. 

Manijeim, t. and ji. v., Lancaster co., Pemi. : 25 m. E. S. E. 
Harrisbiirg. Drained by Great Conestoga and Little Cones- 
toga creeks, whiidi bound it on its E. and S. W. sides. Sur- 
face uneven ; soil calcareous loam and clay. It has flouring, 
grist, and saw mills, and an oil mill. The "Sentinel,*' a 
weekly issue, is published here. Pop, of L 2,0^9. 

MANiiriii Centre, p. o., Herkimer co., N. Y. : 65 m. 
N. W. Albany. 

MA^^LT,A, p. v.. Push co., 7»r-?. ; on the W. boundary of 
county, 29 m. S. E. Indianapolis, and on the Eushville and 
Shelbyville E. R., 11 m. th.m Eushville. 

Manistee county. Mich. Situate N. W. on Lower Penin- 
sula, and contains 551 sq. m. Drained by Manistee and 
M-Moosic rivers, flowing int^^Lake Michigan, its N. bound- 
apr'. Capital: Manistee. Not organized in 1^50. 

Manistee, p. o., Manistee county, Mich. : 125 m. N. W. 
Lansing. 

Manitowoc county, Wise. Situate E. on Lake Mii-liigan, 
and contains 5S4 sq. m. Drained by Manilowne. (V-ntre, 
and E. and W. Twin rivers, and smaller streatns. Surface 
considerably broken; soils deep and rich, generally clny, 
with strips of sandy loam. Most grains (io well, and the 
pasturage is fine. It is heavily timbered with pine, oak, 
and maple, and the lumber trade is the chief business. The 
rivers furnish fine mill-seats, and on the lake it has a good 
harbor, with a growing lake trade. Farms .35: manuf. 22; 
dwell. 715, and pop.— wh. 3,702, fr. col. 0— total 3,702. Capi- 
tal : ^fanitowoc. 

Manitowoc, L. p. v., and cap. Jfanitowoc county. Wise: 

427 



MAN 



MAP 



lis m. N. E. Madison. Surface imdulalinjj; soil fertile, with 
good limber laiuis. Uraiticd by Manitowoc r., which falls Into 
Lake Michii;aii. The v. at the nioulh of the r. has considcr- 
nblc tra<le. and is indicated as a future place of imporlanee. 
Exports in 1^51. $13,71 9, an.l imports. $49,129. Tcip. of t. 706. 
Manit'iwoc IlAPins, t and p. o., Manitowoc co., ir/wc. .• 
107 in. N. E. Madison. Drained by Manitowoc r. and 
Silver cr. Surface undulating; soil fertile, with much tim- 
ber land. It has excellent waIei-]io\ver, capable of supply- 
ing a large number of mills. Ptip. of t. 9GG. 

Mankautah county, Minn. Situate N., and contains 
about 13.t:00 sq. m. The territory thus named stretches from 
the Mississippi to the Missouri, and is drained by Tchan 
Sansan or a'Jaques r,, n branch of the Missouri, and lied r., 
of the N., flowmg into Lake "Winnipeg, with their branches, 
and innumerable smaller streams. The E. is abnost covered 
with small lakes, which abound In fish, and furnish abund- 
ance of wild rice. This region is chiefly inhabited by 
Indians, and visited only by hunters and fur traders, who 
collect great numbers of skins and furs fur the eastern and 
European markets. Farms 9; nianuf. 0; dwell. 10, and 
pop.— wh. 15S, fr. col. 0— total 1.?$. Not yet organized. 

Manlius, t. and p. o., Allegan county, Jfich.: 7:3 m. W. 
Lansing. Drained by Kalamazoo and llabbit rivers. Sur- 
face undulating; soil varied — on the banks of the river, rich 
alluvion. There is lumber here in abundance. The v. of 
liichmond is situate in the N. W, part of the t, on the N. 
8i<ic of the Kalamazoo r. Pop. of t, S3. 

M.OT.IU9, t. and p. o., Onondaga co., X. Y. : 127 in. N. "W. 
Albany. Drained by Limestone and Chittonango cr. Sur- 
face level ; soil calcareous loam ami vegetable mold, very 
productive. The v. is siuialf in centre, on tlio Syracuse 
and Utica R. IJ. There are sulphur springs in the vicinity. 
Top. of t. 6.29S. 

JLvNLirs Centhe, p. v., Onondaga co., 2\^. Y.: on the 
Erie Canal, 129 m. N. W. Albnny. 
M-\:nlt. p. o., Ashe co., A'; Car. : 1S5 m. "W. by N. Raleigh. 
Manlyville, p. o., Henry co., Ten?!.: S3 m. AV. byN. 
Nashville. 

MANKnoROUGir, p. v.. Amelia county, Yirg.: 2 ra. S. 
Appomattox r., and :i-3 m. S. by W. Richmond. 

Maxnixgiiam, p. v., Butler co., Ala.: near a branch of 
Cedar r., 41 m. S. W. Montgomery. 

Manxington, p. v., Leon county, Flor. : 5 ra. X. E. 
Tallahassee. 

Mann's Choice, p. o., Bedford co., Pcnn. : S7 m. S. S. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Mannsville, p. v., JefTcrson co., N. Y. : 141 ra. N. W. 
Albany. The Watertown and Rome E. 11. passes through 
the village. 

Manny, p. v., and cap. Sabine par., La.: on Bayou 
Uaspoon, 5 m. S. FortJcssup, ir>3 m. N. W. Baton Rouge. 

Manona county, /(/. Situate N. "W., and contains "SO 
sq. ra. Drained by Little Lion and Soldier rivers, affluents 
of (he Missouri, its AV. boundjiry. Unorganized in 1S50. 

Manor, t. and p. v., Lancaster co., /Vyn. .' on the N. side 
of Susquehaima r., 31 m. S. E. Harrisburg. The Conesloga 
r. forms its S. E. boundary, by which .and its branches it is 
watered. Surface billy ; soil fertile. It has several flouring, 
grist, and saw mills. Pop. of t. 3,S26. 

MANon.sta.. Suffolk co., A^ 1'. ; on the Long Island R.R., 
66 m. E. New York. 

Manor Hill, p. o., Huntingdon co., PtH?!. ; 65 m. "W. 
Harrisburg. 

Manorville, p. a, SuITulkco., A' Y.: 131 ra. S. by E. 
Albany. 

Mansfield, t. and p. v., Tolland co.. Conn.: 23 m. E. 
Hartford. Drained by Nntchaug r. and its branches, tribu- 
taries of "W'illimantic r., which hitter bounds it on the AV, 
Surface uneven— in parts liilly ; soil fertile. It has excellent 
water-power. This t, is important for ila silk manufactories, 
which are the most extensive in the United Stales. Besides 
the silk, tliere arc cotton and other factories iu the town. 
42S 



The V. is situate on N. side of the t, near the New London, 
AVillimantic, and Palmer R. K., 36 m. N. New London. 
EagleviUe is the name of a v. in \V. part of t., situate on the 
railroad. Pop. of t. 2,530. 

Mansfield, p. v., De Soto par., La. : on a small cr. flow- 
ing into Big Pierre Lake, 115 ra. N. AV. Baton R«mge. It 
contains the court-house of the parish. The ''Mansfield 
Advertiser'' (lit) is issued weekly. 

Mansfield, t. and p. v., Bristol co.. Mam, : 24 m. S. by W. 
Boston. Drained by branches of Taunton r. Surface level ; 
soil good. This place bids fair to be of some imporUinee as 
a coal region, A mine of anthracite coal is situate here 
(discovered 20 years ago), the vein 5 feet in thickness, dip- 
ping to N. AV. ; besides which there are numerous other 
veins. The coal is of fine quality. There are several cotton 
and wool manufactories, as also a nail factory. Mansfield 
sta. is in N. part of t., on the Boston and Providence R. R., 
at which place the New Bedford and Taunton, and Taunton 
Eraneh R. R. diverges. Pop. of t. 1,7S9. 

Mansfield, p. v., AVarren co., N. Jer, : 37 m. N. N. AV. 
Trenton. The Morris Canal passes through the village. 

Mansfield, sta., Cattaraugus co.. K. Y. : on the Corning 
and Blossburg R. R., 2-5 m. from Corning. 

Mansfield, p. o., Ileury county, Tenn. : 83 ra. AV. by N. 
Nashville. 

Mansfield, p. v., and cap. Richland co., Ohio: on the 
S,indusky, Mansfield, and Newark R. E., 67 m. N. by E. 
Columbus. It is pleasantly situated, and has a court-house, 
jail, 2 churches, several stores and workshops, and a largo 
number of dwellings. There are 5 papers published here, 
the "Richland Democrat" (dem.), '* Richland Jeffersonian" 
(whig), "Shield and Banner" (dera.), "Mansfield Herald" 
(whig), the "Rainbow" (lit.). Pop. of t. 3.557. 

Mansfield, p. v., Kendall county, III.: 135 m. N. E. 
Springfield. 

Mansfield, p. o., Tioga co., Penn.: 113 m. N. by AV. 
Harrisburg. 

Mansfield, p. c, Louisa county, Ylrg.: 37 m. N. AV. 
Richmond. 

Mansfield Cextkb, p. v., Tolland co., Conyi.: ou the 
cross roads, in S. E. part of Mansfield 1., near Natchaug r., 
25 m. E. Hartford. 

Mansfield Dep6t, p. v., Tolland county, Conn. : on the 
New London, AVillimantic, and Palmer R. K., 3S m. N. by AV. 
New L(mdon and 21 m. E. Hartford. 

Mansfield mountains, Yenn. : a branch of the Green 
Mountains, which presents some of the loftiest culminations 
in the State. 

Mansker's Ceeek, p. 0., Davidson co., Te}in. : 13 m. N. 
Nashville. 

MANsritA, p. v., Avoyelles par.. La.: on AV. side of Red 
river, and about 2 m. N. Mississippi r., 53 m. N. AV. Baton 
Rouge. 

M ANTi City, v., Sanpete co., Vt^h Ter. : in a hilly region, 
nearly 5,000 feet above the sea, and 45 m. N. E. Fillmore 
City. 

Manton, p. o., Providence county, li. I.: 11 ra. AV. 
Providence. 

Manton, p. 0., Marion county, Kij. : 47 ra. S. hy AV. 
Frankfort. 

Mantua, p. o., Pickens county, Ala.: 119 ra. N. AV. 
Montgomery. 

Mantuta, p. o., M'Minn county, Tcnn.: 125 m. S. E. 
Nashville. 

Mantua Centre, p. o., Portage co., Ohio: 125 m. N. E, 
Columbus. 

Manville, p.T., Providence CO., /?. L: on the Bl.ickstono 
river, and line of Providence and AVorceatcr R. R., 12 m. 
N. Providence. 

Manwauing's, p. o., Shelby county, Ind,: 23 m. S. E. 
Indianapolis. 
JL\ON. p. 0., Panola co., J/it*'. .'133 ra. N. Jackson. 
Mai'Le, p. o., Ionia co., Mich. : at the junction of Maple 



MAP 



MAR 



river with First cr., brandies of Grand river, -5 ni. K. W. 
Lansing. 

SIapi.f:, p. o., Brown co., 0?do : SI ni. S. S. V,'. Cnlumbus. 

Mapi.e river, J//fA. ; a considerable slreani, rising near 
the eeiilre of Shiawassee co., aiul pursuing a X. W. eourse 
Ihruugh Shiawassee, etc., into Gratinl. and Iheii a S. W. 
course through Gratiot, do., into Ionia co., where it. enters 
the Grand river, aliout S m. below tlie mouth of Looking- 
glass river. It is 00 yards wide at its muutli, and is not less 
tlian Ht'J miles long. The bottoms on ttiis stream are 
exeeedingty rich and fertile. 

JI.VPI.E Bottom, p. o., Iredell county, JV. Car.: 110 ni.W. 
Eal.igh. 

Maplb Ckeee, p. 0., "U'ashingtun co., Peiiri. : 160 m. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Maplk Furnace, v., Butler co., PeJin. : 109 m. "W. N. "W. 
Harrisl)urg. There is a coal blast furnace here (constructed 
in l-^iS) which has an annual capacity of 1,-iOO tons. 

Maple Grove, t. and p. o., Barry county, Mifk. : 31 m. 
6. S. W. Lansing. Drained by a small er.. tributary of Big 
Fork of Thorn-apple r. f»urface undulating; soil fertile; 
abounds in fine timber lands. Pop. 153. 

Mai'LE Geove, p. o., Aroostook co., M^. : 133 m. Jf. E. 
Augusta. 

Maple Grove, sta., Berkshire co., ^f^ls■9. : on PitL'^field 
and North Adams E. R., 13 m. rittsfield, 107 m. TY, by N. 
Boston. 

Maple Grovk, p. o., Knox county, Ohio: 35 m. N. E. 
Columbus. 

Maple Ghove, p. o., Otsego county, X. Y.: S5 m. "W, 
Albany. 

Maple Hill, p. o., Davidson co., y. Ctrr. : 85 m. W. 
Ealeigh. 

Maple Springs, p. o., Red River co., T&r. : 2S5 m. N. E 
Austin City. 

Maplesvillk, p. v., Bibb county, Ala. : on N. side of 
Mulberry cr.. 41 m. N. W. Montgomery. 

Mapletok, p. o., Abbeville dist., iS. Cur.: 70 m. W 
Columbia. 

Mapleton% p. o., Niagara Co., j\\ 3'. ; 271 m. W. by N 
Albany. 

Mapletox, p. o., "Waukesha county, TT'iV*. ; oO ni. E. 
Ma<lison. 

Mai'Leton, p. o., Stark co., Ohio : '25 m. N. E. Columbus, 

Mapletown. p. v., Greene co., Ptn/i. : on Whitelay cr., 
159 m. S. by "W. Harrisburg. 

Mapleville, p. o., Providence county, I?. /. : ra. W. 
Providence. 

Maqcoketa. p. v., Jackson county, la.: in S. part of co., 
on a branch of the Maquoketa r., 5'i m. N. E. Iowa City. 

Maql'ox, p. v., Kno.v co., IlL : situate in a fertile prairie 
1 m. W. Spoon r., 73 m. N. N. W. Springfield. 

Maramec, p. v., Crawford co., Mo.: situate in an exten- 
sive iron region on the W. bank of the Maramec r., 5'2 n\. 
S. E. Jefferson City. There is a blast furnace and several 
forges (called '• Massey's Iron Works") in operation, yield- 
ing from 1,000 to 1,.W0 tons bar iron annually of exeelb-nt 
quality. ''Big Spring" (so called, at the junction of the 
river), affords exeellent water-power to the v., on the site of 
"Which are several saw and grist mills. 

Maramec river, J/o. .• rises in Dent county. wl;ence its 
course is generally N. E. through Crawford and into Frank- 
lin, and thence it passes in an E. and E. N. E. direction 
into Jefferson and St. Louis counties, and falls into the Mis- 
sissippi aboui 20 m. below St. T/>uis City. Its princijtal af- 
fluents are Osage Fork and Big r. from tlieS. and Bourbeuse 
cr. from the "W., besides many smaller streams from both 
directions. The river is about 13U m. long, and navigable 
for steaml)oa« 60 miles. 

Marathon county, Witr. Situate N. middle, and eon- 
tains about 5.100 sq. m. Drained by Wisconsin r and its 
branches, heads of Black and Chippewa rivers, and of 
Montreal r. of Lake Superior. Many of the rivers have 



lakes, or chains of lake.*?, at their sources, and most furnish 
water-power. The surface is much varied, and pans are 
very liilly. The soil is various, with much excellent i;;r;un 
land, and is generally well timbered. Only the S. is \Lt 
settled, and that but sparsely. Farms 7; mannf. 15; dwell. 
76, and pop.— wh. 5(jS, fr. col. 0— total 5D8. CajuUil: 
Wassau. 

Maratuox, t. and p. v., Cortlandt co,, K. Y.: 1'23 ni. 
"W. J S. Albany. Drainecl by Tioughnioga r. and its 
branches, which pass tbroug;!! the town. Surface undulat- 
ing; soil gravelly loam, intermini^led witli lime and slate, 
and very fertile. The v. is situate on the E. side of the 
Tioughnioga. Pop. of t. 1,140. 

Marathon, p. o., Clermont county, Ohio: Sd m. S. "W. 
Columbus. 

Makiile Creek, p. o.. Jessamine co., Ay. ; 2G m. S. E. 
Frankfort. 

Marhle Dale, p. o., Litchfleld co.. Conn.: 37 m. "W. 
Hartford. 

Marble Furnace, p. o., Adams co., Ohio : 01 m. S. by W. 
Cohnnbus. 

Marble Hall, p. o., Hawkins co., Teii^i. : 203 m. E. by X. 
Nashville. 

Maubleuead, p. 0., Ottowa county, Ohio: 107 m. N. 
Columbus. 

MARiiLF.nEAP, t.,p. v., and port of entry, Essex co., J/i/.N-.». ,- 
14 m. N. E. Boston. Situate on a peninsula formed by the 
harbor of Salem on the N. and Naliant Bay on ihe S. Sur- 
face elevated and rocky. The v. is pleasantly loeated on a 
deep inlet of the coast called the harbor, ami is accessililo 
lo the largest vessels; and a branch of the Eastern R. U. 
comes up here. The people are noted for their devotion to 
the fisheries and coast navigation. The clearances in the 
foreign trade in 195') numbered 176 vessels (11.114 tou'^), 
and the entrances 177 vessels (12,0S6 tons)— nearly all for- 
eign shipping from the British provinces. Shipping owned 
in the district 6,S42 tons, of which 2,2S1 tons were employed 
in coasting, 2,0S0 tons in the cod fisheries, and 24S Ions in 
the mackerel fisheries, etc. Coasting steamers touch at tliia 
point several times daily. Pop. of the t. 6.1G7. 

Marrlehead, p. o., Gilmer county, Ga.: 135 m. N. ■S\'. 
Millcdgeville. 

Marble Hili.. p. v.. Prince Edward co., Vtrg.: on a 
fork of Appomattox r., 00 m. S. W. Richmond. 

Marble Hill, p. o., Franklin county, Teii/i.: 01 m. S. 
Nashville. 

.Marbletoavk, t. and p. v., Ulster coimty, K Y.: 57 m. 
S. by W. Albany. Drained by Esopns er. on the N. E. and 
Rondout Kill on the S. E.. both whieli aff«rd cxeelK-nt 
water-ptiwer. The Shawangunk Mountains are in the S. IC. 
part of town. Surface hilly; soil on the mountains barren, 
an<l in tlie lower parts fertile, being a rieh vegetable mold. 
The v. is situate near Esopus cr. The t. has numerous 
mills, tanneries, etc., and 3,S30 inhal)itanl3. The Delaware 
and Hudson Canal passes through it. 

MARnruYviLLE. p. V., St, Tamuiany par.. La. ,• on E. 
bank of Tangipahoa r., -i^i m. E. by N. Baton Roui:e. 

Makoelline, p. o., Adams county, Jl-'. : 70 m. X. by W. 
Springfield. 

Marcellon'. I. and p. v., Ciilumbia co.. TIV-.''. .■ 37 m. X. 
Madison. Drained by branehes of Wisconsin r. Surfaec 
varit-d ; soil fertile, witli good timber land. The v. h in llic 
S. E. part oft., on a branch of Wiseonsin r. The I. has ex- 
cellent water-power and some mills. Pop. 5ii.\ 

Marcellus, p. o., Washington county. /•'. * 27 iti. S. 
Iowa City. 

MARCELLrs. t. and p. v„ Onondaga co., .V. Y: 131 m. 
"W. by N. Albany. Drained by Nine .Mile i-r. Surfa.-e un- 
even, in parts hilly ; soil ealeareous loam, and liii;hly feriilc. 
The v. is situate on Nine Mile cr. in X. part of t., and on the 
line of the Rochester and Syr.icuse K. K. There are several 
mills and faetories in operation. Pop. of I. •2.7.50. 

Marcellus Falls, p. v., Onondaga co., X. Y. : situate 

420 



MAR 



MAR 



about 1 ra. S. Marcellus on Nine Mile cr., 129 m. W. by N. 
Albany. 

Marcuasd, p. o., Indiana co., Penn.: 117 ni. "VT. by N. 
Harrisburi^. 

iMABcrs, p. v., Jackson co., Ga. : on a fork of the Oconee 
r., S3 ni. N. X. W. Milleclgeville. 

MAitrus IIooK, p. v., Delaware co., Penn.: on the Del- 
aware r., si m. E. S. E. Ilarrisburp. It 13 on tbe line of the 
rhiladclphia, 'Wilmington, and Ballimore 11, K., IS m. 
Philadelphia. 

Makcy, p. 0., La Grange county, Ind.: 127 m. N. by E. 
Indianapolis. 

Marcy, p. v., "Waukesha co., Wise. : on the Milwaukic 
post-road, 03 in. E. Madison. 

Maucy, t. and p. o., Oneida co., 2^. T ; 88 m. W. N. "W. 
Albany. Priiined by Nine Mile cr. ; and Mohawk r. bounds 
it on the S. Surface hilly, the Ilassencloaver Mountain cov- 
ering it in part ; soil clay and sandy loam. Pop. of t. 1,S57. 

Mardisville, p. v., Talladega co., Ala. : near Talladega 
river, 113 ra. N. Montgomery. A United States land office is 
situate here. There arc a number of stores and dwellings 
in the village. 

Marengo county, Ala. Situate S. "W., and contains LOSS 
sq. m. Bounded AV. by Tombigbce r., and drained by its 
affluents, and E. by affluents of the Alabama, Surface mod- 
erately uneven ; soil in parts pine-barrens, but most of it is 
very fertile. Cotton is the great and almost exclusive 
product. Corn is largely grown in parts ; some rice and 
tobacco is raised ; coal and iron ore are Piund. Farms SIS ; 
manuf. 4; dwell. 1,853, and pop.— wh. 7,101, fr. col. 87, si. 
20,693— total 27,S31. Capital : Linden. Public Works : 
Alabama Southern R. E. 

Marengo, p. v., and cap. Iowa co., I<i. : on S. side of Iowa 
river, 29 m. W. by N. Iowa City. A post-road passes through 
Uie v.. connecting with the contemplated line of the Dubuiiue 
and Keokuk R. P. and Iowa City. 

Marengo, p. 0., Laurens district, S. Car. : C7 m. N, W. 
Columbia. 

Marengo, p. v., MTIcnry county, PL: 175 m. N. N. E. 
Springfield, on the Kishwaukce r.. and on the Galena and 
Chicago Union P. P., CG m. from Chicago, 

Makengo, t and p. v., Calhoun co., Mie/i. : 31 m. S. by "W. 
Lansing. Drained by Kalamazoo r. and Pice cr., one of its 
branches. Surface undulating; soil of a rich sandy loam. 
There are extensive sand-stone quarries along the bardcs of 
the river, whieli here alTurds excellent water-]iowcr. The v. 
lies on the S. side of the Kalamazoo. The Michigan Central 
E. P. passes through the t on N. side of the r., and a short 
distance from the village, 101 m. "W. Detroit, and 177 N. E. 
Chicago. Pop. of 1. 1.013. 

Mari;noo, p. v., "Wayne co., A"; T.: 1G7 m. "W. by N. 
Albany. 

Marengo, p. 0., Morrow co., 07iio: 39 m. N. Columbus. 

Maugalt.awav river, K Ifamp.: rises in the highl.-mds 
which separate Canafla from Maine, and after a short course 
enters the latter; and from thence, after flowing a distance 
of 40 m., turns into New Tlanipshiri". and enters the Andros- 
coggin r. a few miles below Umbagog Lake. 

MAuGARK-rrA, p. v., Clark co., 11/. : 3 m. E. North Fork 
Embarras r., 93 m. E. S. E. Springfield. 

Makoaretta, sta., Erie co., Ohio: on the Mad Kiver and 
Lake Erie P. P., 211 m. Cincinnati, 97 rn. N. Columbus. 

Map.garetta Fl'knace, p. o., York co., Peii/t.: 25 m. 
S. E. llarrisburg. There is a furnace here with annual 
capacity of 1,200 tons, constructed in 1S23. 

Margaheitsville, sta., Nortltnmplon eo., X. Car. : on 
the Sea-board and Roanoke R. P., 17 ni. N. E. "Weldon. 

Marta Creek, p. v., Knox co,, Ind. : on a cr. of West 
Fork "White river so called, S5 m. S. \V. Indianapolis. 

Maria Forge, p. 0., Talladega co., Ala. : 51 m. N. by E. 
Montgomery. 

Mariana, p. v., and cap. Jackson co., Flor. : on the 
Chipota r., G3 m. N. W. Tallahassee ; contains the county 
480 



court-house and other pubhc buildings, a uuraber of stores 
and workshops. 

Maria Stei>', p. 0., Mercer county, Ohio: 139 m.W. N.W. 
Columbus. 

Makiaville, t, and p. o., Hancock co., dfe. : 75 m. N. E. 
Augusta. Drained by Union r. and its branches. Surface 
uneven ; soil good. The river alfords extensive water- 
power, which keeps several mills in active operalion, Thero 
is a great quantity of lumber sent from here. Piitatocs and 
wool are the chief agricultural products. Pop. 375. 

MAl'.IA^^LI.E, p. o., Schenectady co., AC Y. : 26 m.^W. by N. 
Albany. 

Marietta, p, v.. and cap. Cobb co., Ga.: 7 m. VT. by N. 
Chatlahoochie r., 100 m. N.W. Milledgeville. The Western 
and Atlantic P. P. passes through it 20 m. from Alalanla. 
It contains the county buildings, 2 academics, and about 150 
dwellings. The " M. Advocate'' (dem.), and " Const it iitional 
Union" (union), ore issued weekly, and "Masonic Jounial," 
monthly. The business of a fine agricultural region centres 
at this point. 

Marietta, p. v., Fulton co., PI. : on S. side Sheen's cr., 61 
m. N. W. Sjiringfield. Situate on a fertile prairie. 

Marietta, p, o,, Onondaga county, AC 1'. ; 137 W. by N- 
Albany. 

Marietta, p. v., Shelby county, Ind. : on the E. branch 
While r., 27 m. S. E. Indianapolis, and on the Shelbyvillo 
Lateral Branch P. P., 7 m. from Edinburg. 

Marietta, t., p. v., and cap. Washington co., Ohio: 87 m. 
S. E. Columbus. Its W. part is crossed by tlie Muskingum 
river at its entrance into the Ohio river. The Ohio bounds 
it in the S. W., and it is drained by Buck cr. and Litdo 
Muskingum r. The streets are well laid oxA and thickly 
built. There is a court-house, jail, U. S. land office, a bank- 
ing establishment, all handsomely built, and forming nrna- 
nu'iits to the place. Several mounds are iV)und in the 
vicinity. The Marietta College is situate here, founded in 
1S35, having (in 1S50) a pn-sidcnt, 6 professors, 113 alumni, 
of whom 44 aro in the ministry, and 55 student**, with a 
library containing G.400 vulumes. The t. was founde'l in 
17S5, and is the oldest in the State. There are a number 
of steam saw-mills, flourlng-mills, tanneries, foundries, and 
other factories here. The v, is pleasantly situate on (he N. 
bank of the Ohio r., at the mouth of the Muskingum river. 
There arc two newspapers jjublishcd in the villagi^, the 
" M. Intelligencer" (whig), and the " M. Pepublicau" (dem.), 
both weekly issues. Marietta is destined to be a place of 
considerable business, and it.s future railroad connections 
■will give it direct access to the principal centres. Several 
steamboats are owned here, and ply regularly to Piltf«burg, 
Cincinnati, etc. Pop. of the t 4,292, of which 3,133 are in 
the village. 

Marietta, p, 0., Itawamba county. Misx. : 1.59 m. N. E. 
Jackson. 

Marietta, p. b., Lancaster county, Penn.: 25 m. S. E, 
llarrisburg, on the E. bank of Susquehanna r., and near 
tiio mouth of Little Chlques cr. It contains about 1,000 in- 
habitants. 

Mai:ix county, Calif. Situate W. middle, and contains 
510 sq. m. Bounded W. by the Pacific, and E. by Pablo 
Bay, and lies on the N. side of the entrance to San Fran- 
ciseo Bay. The streams are small, American river fiowing 
W.. and Petaluma cr. S. E., arc the principal. The surface 
is broken with extensive valleys. Soils very productive of 
wheat and most other grains, and generally well woiuled. 
Pop. about 1,03G. Capital: Pan Raphael. 

Marine Miu;s, p. v.. St. Croix co., TlTsc: on E. side of 
St. Croix r., 225 m. N. W. Madison, 

Marine Setti-ement, p, 0., Madison co., PI.: 71 m. S. 
Springfield, near Silver cr., on a rich and fertile prairie. 

Map.ion county, Ala. Situate N. W., an<i contains 1,032 
sq. m. Drained by Biittahatchio r. of the Tombigbee, Big 
Bear cr. of the Tennessee, and E. by Nine Island cr. Sur- 
face rolling or slightly broken ; soil of moderate fertility, 



MAR 



MAR 



best fltttrd for grazing. Corn, wheat, and cotton are raised, 
but cattle and pork are leading products. It is well wooded 
Willi oak, pine, hickory, and clicf«tnut. Farms 573 : maniif. 
f) ; dwell. 1,1"3, and pop.— wh. G,922, fr. col. S, si. 90S— total 
7,S3S. Capital: Pikeville. 

Marion county, Arl: Situate N. middle, and contains 
537 sq. m. Drained by Crooked cr. and other branches of 
■White r., which flow S. E. through it. Surface varied; 
soil very fertile and excellent grazing. Com is the chief 
crop, and live-stock and pork the exports. White river is 
navigable to this co., and is skirted with nibble forest.-* of 
pine timber, and its branches furnish good mill-seats. 
Farms 255; nianuf. 2; dwell. 8G1, and pop.— wh. 2,047, 
fr. col. 129, si. 126—toIal 2,302. Oipital : TeUville. 

Map.ion county, Flor. Situate on N. part of the penin- 
sula, and contains 3.127 sq. nt. Draineil E. by Ocklawaha 
r., a branch of St. John's r., and S. W. by Wilhlacoochee r. 
Surface low and level, with numerous lakes and swamps; 
soil exceedingly fertile, producing large crops of cotton, 
sugar, and com, and raising many semi-tropical fmits and 
vegetables in profusion. It has extensive forests of valuable 
live oak, cedar, and cypress limber, and in parts fine water- 
power. Sulphur and magnesia springs of great medicinal 
virtues attract many invalids who seek a mild climate, and 
salt springs are found. Farms 329 ; manuf. ; dwell. 394, 
and pop.— wh.2,0G3,fr.col.l,sI.l,269— total3,333. Cupital: 
Ocola. 

Maeion county, Ga. Situate S. "W., and contains 519 
sq. m. It lies midway between Chattahoochee and Flint 
rivers, and is drained by small branches of both, N. and S. 
"Whitewater creeks being the largest. Surface moderately 
hilly ; soil fertile. Cotton is the chief product, and the crop 
a very large one. Corn is an average crop, and wheat not 
much grown. Grazing is generally good, and cattle and 
swine receive much attention. Farms 563; manuf. 4; 
dwell. 1,101, and pop.— wh. G.5GS, fr. col. 8, si. 3,6()4— total 
lO.lSO. Capital : Tazewell. Pithlic ^^'ol■ks : Muscogee R. R. 

MAiiios county. III. Situate S. centrally, and contains 
57(3 sq. m. Drained by Crooked cr. and E. fork of the 
Kaskaskia, and E. by Adam's and SkiUett forks of the 
Little Wabash. Surface gently imdulating. and soil of good 
fertility. It lies on the E. side of the Grand Prairie, and is 
largely made up of prairie^ with wood on the streams, 
which afford some good mill-seats. Com is the Staple. Cattle 
are raised in large numbers, and pork Is an important 
export. Bituminous coal and water-lime are found. Farms 
S27 ; manuf. 9 ; dwell. 1,132, and pop. — wh. G.71G, fr, col. 4 — 
total 6,720. Capital: 'i^u\i-Ti\. Puhlic Works: Ohio and 
Jlissis-^ippi E. E. ; Chicago Branch of Illinois Central 
Eailroad, etc. 

Marion county, Ind. Situate centrally, and contains 316 
sq. m. Drained by W. fork of White r.. Fall, Eagle, and 
other creeks. Surface beautifully roiling and diversified by 
slight elevations toward the streams. Prairie bottom.? and 
woodland are pleasantly min2le<l. Soil generally a blaek 
loam, mixed with sand or clay, and resting on limestone, 
and is very fertile. Corn, wheat, and oats arc all largo 
crops, and the chief farming products. The grazing is very 
fine; cattle and sheep are raised in great numbers, and 
pork is a large export. It has mueh water-power, and very 
extensive manufactures of woolen and cotton goods, flour, 
lumber, leather, liquors, oil, earthen- ware, etc. Farms 1,5S1 ; 
manuf. 179 ; dwell. 3.9S4, and pop.— wh. 23,453, fr. col. 650— 
total 24,103. Capital: Indianapolis. Public, Wovkfi: 
Madison and Indianapolis li. K.; Indiana Central E. E. ; 
Tcrre Haute and Eichmond E. E. ; Lafayette E. E. ; 
Indianapolis and Pern E. E. ; and Indianapolis Belle- 
fontaine E. E. ; Jeffersonville E. E., etc., all of which centre 
here at the union dcpOt. 

Marion county, Ja. Situate S. centrally, and contains 
.'»7(J sq. m. Drained by the Des Moines and its branches. 
Coal, Enijltsli, and Cedar creeks, and Whitebrea-t r. ; 
Skunk r. touches the N. E. corner. Surface somewhat 



broken; soil fertile, adapted equally to grass and grain. 
Corn, wheat, live-stock, and pork are the leading products 
of the farm. It has excellent water privileges, growing 
manufactures, and much fine timber. Coal and iron ore 
are found near the Des Moines. Farms 342; manuf. *24; 
dwell. 930, and pop.— wb. 5,453, Ir. col. 29— total 5,4S2. 
Capital: Knoxvillc. 

Marion county, Ky, Situate centrally, and contains 
332 sq. m. Drained by Eolling Fork of Salt r., a branch of 
the Ohio. Surface uneven, but not rough; soils generally 
fertile. Corn and wheat are the staple cereals. Eye, oats, 
and tobacco are successfully cultivated. Larsre numbers of 
sheep are kept, and a good deal of pork exported. This 
region is stocked with fine horses, which are nnich attended 
to and furnish Eastern markets largely. Water-power is 
plentiful, and manufactures an important interest. Farms 
9G3 ; manuf. 47 ; dwell. 1,42S, and pop.— wh. 8,5ii0, fr. col. 30, 
si. 3,0S6 — total 11,765. Capital : Lebanon. Public Works : 
Danville and Nashville E. E., etc. 

Marion county, Mlis. SiluateS.,and contains 1,544 sq.m. 
Drained by IV^arl r. and its branches. Surface level or 
undulating; soil sandy and of no great fu-rtility, except 
on the streams, where is much excellent land. Cotton 
and corn are the staples. Eice is grown in the marshes. 
Great numbers of cattle and swine are reared, and form the 
leading interest of the co. It is well timberetl with pine. 
Farms 322; manuf. 7; dwell. 377, and pop.— wh. 2,215, fr. 
col. 0, si. 2,195~total 4,410. CapitiU: Columbia. 

Makion county, Mo. Situate N. E., an<l contains 423 
sq. m. Drained by N. and S. Fabius and N. and S. two 
rivers and their branches, affluents of the Mississippi, its E. 
biiundary. Surface moderately uneven ; soil very rich. 
Corn, wheat, oats, and potatoes yield great crops, and the 
pasture is very fine. Live-stock, beef, wool, and pork are 
exported. It has excellent mill streams and very important 
manufactures, and abounds in timber, bituminous coal, and 
lead. Salt springs arc found. Farms 810; nuinuf. 75; 
dwell. 1,595, and pop.— wh. 9,322, fr. col. 76, si. 2,S33~tot:U 
12.230. Capital : PalmjTa. 

Maeion county, Ohio. Situate N. centrally, and contains 
303 sq. m. Drained by Scioto r. and its branches, Eush cr. 
and Whetstone r. Surface mostly a level table land; soil 
verj' productive, adapted to grass or grain. Corn, wheat, 
rye, oats, and potatoes produce largely. It is a superior 
grazing co., supports fine dairies and large numbers of cattle 
and sheep, and exports live-stock and pork to a large 
amount. It has also good water-power, and cjnsiderable 
manufactures of flour, leather, and woolens. Farms 919; 
manuf. 14; dwell. 2.15-*, and pop.^wh. 12,597, fr. col. 21 — 
total 12.61S. Capital : Marion. Public Works : LL-llefon- 
taine and Indiana E. E. 

Marion county, Oreff. Tfi>\ Situate centrally, and con- 
tains 21,<i00 sq. m. It has Cluckaaias co. on llie N., Polk 
on the W., and Linn en the S., and is drained by branches 
of Iho Willamflte. its W. boundary, Butte, Aberque, Silver, 
and Mill creeks, and N. fork of Sanliara r. Surface diversi- 
fied; extensive and very rich valleys in the W., and in the 
E. elevated and mountainous; soil in the bottoms a black 
vegetjible loam ; in higher lands a stiff clay or loose gravel, 
mostly very productive. All kinds of grain except com 
grow finely, and fruits and vegetables are abuntiant. It has 
the best of timber, pine, fir, spruce, and oak, and very 
superior water-power. Farms 293; manuf. 11; dwell. 502, 
and pop.— wh. 2,740, fr. col. 9— total 2,749. Capital : Salem. 

Marion dinrict, S. Car. Situate E., and ci>ii(:uns 1,033 
sq. m. Draiiu-d by Great and Little Pedce rivers, and 
Lynch's cr. and their branches, Lumber r. and Jeffries and 
Catfish creeks. Surface level, nmch of it, low and marshy; 
soil generally of good ftrlilily, and many parts best adapted 
to grazing. Corn and cotton are the principal crops. Tho 
marshes produce considerable rice. Many cattle are raised 
and trreat quantities of pork fatted. It ha>; a larg<- growth 
Of pitch-pine limber. Farms 1,374; manuf. 0; <lwcll. 1,S5C, 

431 



MAR 



WAR 



and pop.— wli. 9,TS4, fr. col. 103, si. 7.53(1— total 17,4UT. 
CiipiUil: Marion. rubUc Works: Wilmington and Man- 
clicsttT 11. K. 

Mai;iox roiuiiy. Tptin. Situate S. E., and contains TtSS 
pq. m. J)raine(l by the Tennessee and its branches, Se- 
quatchy r., Little Scqiiatchy, and B:'ttle creeks. Surface 
elevated and broken; soil fertile and fine pasture land. 
Corn, wheat, and oats are the staple grrains. Great numbers 
of cattle and swnie are reared, and live-stoelc and pork are 
heavy exports. Farms 724; manuf. 9; dwell. 9o", and 
pop.—wh. .5,720, fr. col, 4-3, si. 551— total 0.814. Capital: 
JaspiT. rnbticWork-fi: Nashville !m<l Chattanooga li. \l. 

Marion county, V'u-g, Situate N. W., and contanis 163 
sq. m. Drained by Monon^ahela r., E. and W. forks, and 
Buffalo er. Surface elevated an<l uneven ; soil very fertile, 
and excellent grazing land. Corn, wheat, oats, and potatoes 
are raised largely, and great numbers of cattle, sheep, and 
swine are reared. It has fine water-power and extensive 
manufactories of iron, flour, woolen goods, leather, hquors, 
etc. Iron ore and coal are found in abundance in parts of 
the CO. Erected in 1S42 from Harrisim and Monongalia. 
Farms 904; manuf. 44; dwell. 1.7>>6, and pop.— wh. 10,4:33. 
fr. col. 20. si. 94— total 10,552. Capital : Fairmount, PuUic 
Works: I3altimore and Ohio li. K. 

Marion, p. v., and cap. Perry county, Ala. : on E. side 
Washington cr., 61 in. W. N. W. Montgomery. It contains 
a college, a theological seminary, several schools, a court- 
bouse, and about 1.500 inhabitants. The "South- Western 
Baptist" (Baptist) and "Alabama Commonwealth," weekly 
issues, are published here. Howard College, situate here, 
was founde<l iu 1S41 ; in 1850 it had a president, 6 professors, 
29 alumni, 8S students, and a library of 2,200 volumes ; and 
Howard Theological Institution was founded in 18W; in 
1S50 it had a professor and 13 students, and a library of 
about 1,000 volumes. Both are Baptist schools. 

Marion, p. v., and cap. Crittenden co,, Ky.: 1S7 m. 
W. S. W. Frankfort. It contains a court-house, several 
stores, and workshops. 

Maiiion, sla., i^lielby county, /«(?. .' on the KnightstOTsii 
and ShelbyvUle K. E., 4 m. N. Shelbyville, 25 m. S. E. 
Indianapolis. 

Marion, p. v., and cap. Twiggs co., Ga. : near a branch 
of the Ocmulgee r., 32 m. S. W. Milledgeville. 

Marion, p. v., Williamson co.. III.: on a branch of Big 
Muddy r., 145 m. S. S. E. Springfield. 

Makiox, p. v., and cap. Grant co., Ind. : on the Missis- 
Binewa r., 59 ni. N. E. Indianapolis. The '* Whig Thermom- 
eter" (whig) is issued weekly. 

Mauion, p. v., and cap. Linn eo., /:. ; on a fork of Cedar 
r. in centre of co., 23 m. N. Iowa City. The v. is situated 
on the edge of a beautiful grove, and contains several stores, 
saw-mills, etc.. and the county offiees. 

Makion, p. o., Union par., La.: 1G9 ra. N. W. Eaton 
Eouge. 

Marion, L and p. v., Washington co..Me. : 126 m. E. N. E. 
Augusta. It has on its AV. a large pond which separates it 
from Mechisses r., and by which it is drained. Surface 
hilly ; soil variable, chiefly good. It has several saw-mills. 
The V. is situate on N. E. part of t, on the post-road leading 
to Dennyville. Pop. of t. 207. 

Marion, p. v., and cap. Angelina co., Tkr. .■ on S. bank 
of Angelina r., 209 m. E. N. E. Austin City. 

Marion, t. and p. o., Livingston co., Jl/ch.: 31 m. S. E. 
Lansing. Drained by a number of snmll streams, tributa- 
ries of Shiawassee and Cedar rivers. Surface generally un- 
dulating ; soil fertile. There are several small ponds in 
S. part Pop. S73. 

Marion, p. v., and cap. Lauderdale co.. Miss.: at the 
head of Octibljcha cr., S9 m. E. by N. Jackson. 

Marion, p. v.. and cap. Cole co.. Mo.: on the S. bank of 
the Missouri r., 5 m. N. by W. JelTerson Cily. 

Marion, t and p. v., Wayne co., A'. J'. .■ 1S3 ni. W. N. W. 
Albany. Drained by a branch of Mud cr. Surface much 
432 



broken by hills and ridges ; soil fertile, and well adapted to 
grain. The v. is situate centrally. There is a steam-ftjr- 
nace, grist-mill, and tannery here. Pop. of 1 1.S39. 

Marion, p. v., and cap. M'Dowell co., JV. C<tr. : near a 
fork of the Catawba r., 190 m. W. Ealeigh. 

Marion, p. v., and cap. Marion co., Ohio : 41 m. K. by W. 
Columbus. Drained by a furk of tlie Scioto r., which passes 
through ila W. part. Surface level; soil fertile. The v. is 
situate in S. part of t. and contains many fine buildings, the 
most conspicuous of which are the court-house, jail, and 
churches. There are also tanneries, grist-mills, saw-mills, and 
flouring-mills. There are 2 newspapers printed here, the 
"Buckeye Eagle" (whig), and "Democratic Mirror-' (dem.) 
Pop. of V. 1,307, and of t. 2.2S7. 

Marion, p. v., Franklin co., Penn.: 47 m. W. S. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Marion, p. o., Hartford co., Conn. : 7 m. N. Hartford. 

Marion, p. v., and cap. Smyth co., Virg. : on S. side 
middle fork llolston r., 237 m. W. S. W. Richmond. The 
Virginia and Tennessee K. R. passes through the village. 

Marion, p. o., Kenosha county, Wise: 77 m. S. E. 
Madison. 

Marion Crrr, p. v., Marion co.. Mo. : 93 m. N. E- 
Jefferson City, on the W. bank of the Mississippi r., 7 ra. 
below Quincy, and 7 m. E. Palmyra, the capital of the 
county, for which latter place it is the shipping port. Tbo 
country round about is very rich, and abounds in eseellenl 
timber and coal. It contains several steam, saw, and other 
mills, and has about 600 inhabitants. 

Marion C. II., p. v., and cap. Marion dist, S. Car. : on 
Uie E. side of CatQish cr., an affluent of Great Pedee liivcr, 
91 m. W. N. W. Columbia. The Wilmington and Man- 
chester E. R. runs through the v. It contains a court-hou^e. 
Jail, several stores, and dwellings. The "Marion Star" 
(ind.) is issued weekly. 

Marion Mills, p. o., Washington co.. Me. : 125 m. E. 
Augusta. 

Mariposa county, Calif. Situate S. middle, and contains 
about 16,000 sq. m. It lies E. of the Coast Kange, and ex- 
tends to the E. line of the State. The N. W. part is drained 
by the San Joaquin and its branches, and forms the head 
of the San Joaquin valley. This part is rich in gold mines, 
which are much wrought, and very productive. The soil 
here is very fertile. The Sierra Nevada, or Snow7 Mount- 
ains and their spurs, occupy a large part of the N. E., and E. 
of tiie county, passing through it in a S. S. E. direction. 
Between them and the Coast Range in the S. is a large 
basin, drained by numerous small rivers, emptying into 
Tulare Lake, a sheet of water 50 miles long, and 10 or 12 
broad. In this basin is excellent grain and grass land, but 
little of which is under cultivation. 

Ma,iiposa, p. v., and cap. Mariposa co., Calif. : on the S. 
bank of a r. so called, an affluent of tlie San Joaquin. It is 
a ffrowing place, and in common with an extensive tract 
around it, is owned by Colonel Fremont, The quartz in 
tliis region is highly auriferous, and is attracting the atten- 
tion of capitalists and miners. 

Marissa, p. v., St. Clair, co., HI.: situate on the bordei 
of a fertile prairie, S. E. part of county, 109 miles 8. 
Springfield. 

Marit's, p. o.. Morrow co., Ohio: 89 m. N. Columbus. 

Markesa^, p. o., Marquette county, Wise. : 45 m. N. 
Madison. 

Markesborough, p. o., Warren co., 2^. Jer. : 53 m. N. 
Trenton. 

MARhsvn.LK, p. v., and cap. Avoyelles par., La. : near 
Lake Peari, 67 m. N. W. Baton Eouge. It is the seat of the 
parish court-house. 

M_\RKsviLLE, p. v.. Page CO., Virg. : in a valley of the 
Blue Eidge Mountains, which form the E. boundary of the 
CO., 85 m. N. W. Riehinond. 

Marlboro', p. o., Carroll co., Ter.n.: SS m. W. by S. 
Nashville. 



MAR 



MAR 



Mauljiorougu dislrict, /S'. C'tr. Situalt! N. K.. ami cuii- 
tains 44S sq. m. Coimded "W. by the Great Fedee, and 
druii^ed by ils brauclies, and E. by heads <il' Little Pedec. 
Surface elevaled and somewliat uneven. .Si>il gt-uerally 
fertile. Cotton is the chief i»n)duct. Corn is :i good crop, 
and large numbers of hogs are reared. It has fiiie water 
privileges, and valuable manufactures of eottun goods and 
Hour. Farms, 621; manuf. '2o : <Uvell. 929, and pop. — \vh. 
r),(i:>:>, fr. col. 150, si. 5,000— total li),7?D. Capital: liennets- 
Ville. 

MARi.BORornn. p, o., Hartford cc, Conn.: 5 ra. Hartford. 

Mari-borougu, t. and p. v., Middlesex co., Miit^s.: 25 m. W. 
Enston. Drained by branches of Concord r., and a number 
of Rmall ponda. Surface undulating, and soil vtry fertile. 
Agricultural pur-^uitin arc the chief employment of the in- 
Iiabitaiils. I'rudiicts of the 1. are large, consisting of cattle, 
porU,lhe dairy, etc., which are sent to Boston market chiefly 
by the Lancaster and Stealing Uranch K. U., which passes 
through the N. W. part of t., at reltou\'ill*-, and connects 
with road to the city. Manufactures of t. consist of boots, 
slmes, and cabinet-ware. The v. is pleasantly situated, sur- 
rouuiled by beautiful scenery. Pop. of t, 2,941. 

MAnLiioRorcH, t. and p. v., Cheshire county, 2^. Ilaivp.: 
41 m. S. W. Concord. Drained by branches of Ashuelot r. 
Surface uneven : soil rocky, but good for grazing. There 
arc a numl)er of small ponds in the t. Tliere are several 
niills, manufactories, and workshops. The v. is in W. i)art, 
and Uirough it the Cheshire II. li. passes, distant 30 ni. 
from Fitchburg. Pop. of t, SSO. 

Maulbokougii, p. 0., Monmouth cc, K. J'-v. : 31 m. K. 
Trenton. 

MARLitoT^oirnn, t. and p. v., TTIster co.. K. Y. : G9 m, S. 
Albany. Drained by Old Man's Kill, flowing into the Hud- 
son r.. which latter bounds it on the E. Surface very uneven ; 
soil clay loam, and very fertile. The v. is situate near the 
Hudsnn r. and Old ^[an's Kill. It contains several lumber 
yards, manuf.ictorics, etc. Poji. of t. 2,4(i5. 

MAKLnor.ouGii, t. and p. v., Stark co,, Ohio : 107 m. N. E. 
Colunilnis. Drained by scvcr.il small streams. Surface 
vmevcn ; soil very good, abounding with beech and sugar 
maple. The v. in N. E. part of t. is a thriving setllcnictit. 
Pop. of t. 2,13:1. 

MART.noiioL'cn, t. and p. o., phosWr oo., Penn . : 63 m. S. E. 
Harrisburg. Drained by several small streams flowing into 
the Delaware. Surface rollitig; soil, red shale. Iron ore 
is found in the vieiinty. 

MARUtORoirr.n, t, and p. v., Windham co., T«rw. ; 99 m. 
S. Montpelier. Drained by a branch of AVi-st r. and Whet- 
stone brook. Siirt'ace rolling : soil fertile, and vt-ry pro- 
ductive of all kinds of grain, fruit, and potators. There are 
some mineral and medicinal springs in the t. ; and it has 
several stores, mills, and workshops. Tlio v. is In X. ]>art 
of L, through which the l!raltleboro' and Bennington i)ost- 
road passes. Pop. of t. S9ii, 

MAnLDRooK, p. o., Heini)stea(l C9., A/A: : 115 m. S. W. 
Little Bock. 

Marley's Mills, p. o., Bandolph co., X. Cur. : 71 m. "W. 
E-alcigh. 

Marlin Bottom, p. o., Pocahontas co., ]!/•(/. : 147 m. 
W. N. W. Richmond. 

Marlow, t. and p. t., Cheshire co., X. Ihimp. : "W. by S. 
Concord. Drained by Ashuelot r. Surface level ; soil gnod. 
The v. is silu.ite N. of the r. The t. has several mills and 
workshops. Pop. 7ii^. 

Marlton, p. o., Burlington co.. A' X : 2.3 m. S. Tren'ou. 

Mari'LE, t. and p. o., Delaware eo., ren/i. : S'J m. E. S. E. 
TIarrisbnrg. Pop. 902. 

Marquette county, Mirh. Situate N. W. on Tpper Pe- 
ninsula, and contains 3,SftO sq. m. It ton- Ik-s Lake Superior 
on the N. E., and is drained by Eseonaba, Ford, and 
heads of Menoinonoe r., flowing into Green Bay and Stur- 
geon and Ontonagon rivers of Lake Superior. Surface 
diversified, but not rugged or very hilly. Soil of moderate 

G3 



fertility. Covered largely with immense forests of pine, wlueh 
constitute the chiel wralih of this region. The t-treams arc 
small, but are supposed to furnish abundant water-jjower to 
work up tlie timber wliicli must, ere long, be very valuable. 
It is little visited except by Imuters and iUr traders. Uuor- 
ganizcil in 1S50. 

Mar(jueite county, }Vi--ir. Situate S. centrally, and con- 
tains SOO sq. m. Draiudl by the Neenah or Fox r. and its 
branches. In the S. are 3 large ponds, Buffalo, Puckaway, 
and Green lakes; and the streams furnish much water- 
power. Surface beautifully diversified ; soil of great fer- 
tility, producing grass or grain in profusion, and furnisliing 
excellent jjasturage. Corn, wheat, live-stock, and pork, are 
the leading ])roducts. The facilities for manufacturing are 
very superior, and good timljcr is abundant I'arms 327; 
manuf. 7 ; dwell. 177S, and pop.— wh. 8,622, fr. col. 20— total 
S,642. Capital: Marquette. 

Marquette, I., p. v., and cap. Marquette co., ITwc..' 45 
m. N. Ma<lison. Drained by Neenah r., a tributary of Wis- 
consin r. Surface even; soil excellent. Puckaway Lake, an 
expansion of Neenah r., bounds the t. on the N. The y. is 
pleasantly situated on the S. bank of the lake. Population 
of I. 246. 

Marql'ette, L and p. o., Marquette co., 3fic7i. : 2S9 m. 
N. W. Lansing. Pop. l.;0. 

Mariottsville, p. o., Anne Arundel co., Jifi,: 25 m. 
N. W. Annapolis, 

MAUROwiioNE, p. v., Cumberland co., A'y. .' 97 m. S. by "W 
Frankfort. 

Mars, p. v., Bibb co., Ala.: in N. "W. part of co., 73 m. 
N. W. Moiifgnmery. 

Mars Bluff, p. v., Marion dist., S. Car. : on the E. side 
of Great Pc<lee r., 61 m. N. N. E. ColundMa. The "VVU- 
mington and Manchester K. li. passes through the v. 101 m. 
Wilmington, and 61 miles from the junctioiL 

Marseilles, p. v.. La Salle, co., IIL: on the N. side Illi- 
nois r., at the Grand Bapids, 113 m. N. E. Springfield. An" 
immense water-power for manufacturing purjioscs is af- 
forded by the rapids, on which there are a number of lum- 
ber and flour mills, etc. The Illinois and Michigan Canal 
runs through the village. 

MARSEii.Lrs, p. T., Noble co., Ind. : on the Fort Wayne 
and Ontario post-road, 123 m. N. N. E. Indianapolis. 

Marseillf-s, t. and p. o., Wyandott co., Ohio : 03 ra. N. 
by W. Columbus. Drained by branches of T>'enochee r. 
Surface level, or table land ; soil fertile. Pop. 539. 

Marsh, p. o., Chester county, Penn.: 59 m. E. by S. 
Harrisburg. 

Mar-shall county, Ala. Situate N. E., and contains 645 
sq. m. Drained N. by the Tennessee and its branches; 9. 
by Mulberry and Locust forks of the Black Warrior. Sur- 
face uneven, in parts broken ; soil very productive. Cotton 
is the great staple, and the crop very large. Com yields 
well generally, and pork is a considerable export. It has 
fine water privileges, and valuable and increasing maim- 
factures. I'arms 5S0; manuf. 12; dwtU. 1,301, and pop. 
— wh. 7,953, fr. col. 25, si. SOS— total S,S46. Capital: War- 
renton. Public Wur/cs: Alabama and Tennessee Eiver 
Bailroad. 

Marsuall county, PI. Situate N. centrally, and contains 
472 sq. m. Intersected by the Illinois, and drained by its 
branches, Crow, Sand, and Senachwino creeks. Surface 
level or gently undulating. Soil very rich, ctmsisting of 
l.irge prairies, and heavily wooded alluvial bottoms. Corn 
and wheat are the leadiiig crops. The i)asturage is superior, 
and raising cattle and sheep much atteu'led to. Farms404 ; 
manuf. 11; dwell. 910, and pop. — wh. 5,17S, fr. eol. 2— 
total 5,1S0. Cajntal: Lacou. Public WurAs : Illinois Cen- 
tral R. K. 

Marshall count}*, /iir?. Situate N. middle, and cont,'iiu« 
442 sq. m. Drained by Yellow r. centrally, and Pine cr. 
N. W., branches of Kankakee r., and S. E. by Tippecanoe 
r. Surface mostly level, sometimes rolling, an<l about one 

433 



MAR 



MAR 



half good timber lauO. Soil fertile, and adapted for farming 
in all its bntnchce. Cora and wheat, live-stook and wool, 
are produced. "Water-power is plentiful, and iron ore abun- 
dant. Farms 5T0 ; manuf. 10 ; dwell. 92S, and poj).— wh. 
B,346. fr. col. 2— total 5,^S. Capital : PljTuouth. 

Marshall county, la. Situate centrally, and contains 
576 sq. UL Drained by the Iowa and its branches. Surface 
elightly uneven ; soil fertile, and finely adapted to grazing. 
It has excellent mill streams and abundance of timber. 
Farms S4; manuf. 0; dwell. 62, and pup.— wh. S3S, fr. col. 
0— total 33S. Cajnt<il : Timber Creek. 

Marshall county, Ky. Situate \V., and contains 278 sq. 
m. Bounded N. and E. by the Tennessee, and drained by 
its affluents, Clark's r. and Jonath.an's cr. Surface diversi- 
fied, and in parts hilly ; soil very productive. Corn, wheat, 
oats, and tobacco, are the agricultural products. Pork is 
exported in large quantities. Water-power is pkniliful, and 
manufacture increasing. Farms 415; manuf. 7; dwell. HG5, 
and pop.— wh. 5,020, fr. col. 0, si. 249— total 5,'iG9. CapUiU : 
Benton. 

Makshall county. Miss. Situate N., and contains 806 
sq. m. Drained N. by Wolf cr. and branches of Cold Water 
r., affluents of the Mississippi, and S. by Tallahatchie r., a 
branch of the Yazoo. Surface rolling, or moderately uneven ; 
soil fertile. The staple products are cotton and corn, which 
are exceUent crops. Wheat, oats, and poUitoes are success- 
fully cuUivated, and large numbers of neat cattle and swine 
are raised, the latter furnishing a considerable export It 
has extensive manufactories of cotton and woolen goods, 
flour, lumber, and leather. Farms 1,611 ; manuf. 54; dwell. 
2,806, and pop.— wh. 14,271, fr. col. 1, si. 15,417— total 29,6S9. 
Copitdl: Holly Springs. 

Maeshall county, Teim. Situate S. centrally, and con- 
tains 267 sq. m. Drained by Duck r., a branch of the 
Tennessee, and its afiluenls. Surface diversified, in piirts 
somewhat broken ; soil highly productive. Com is the 
staple cereal, and a very heavy crop. Wheat, cotton, oats, 
and tobacco are all profitable crojis. It is also a supe- 
rior grazing county, and feeds large numbers of cattle and 
sheep, besides exporting a great deal of pork. Good mill 
streams are nmnerous, and occupied by many small manu- 
factories. Farms 1,032 ; manuf. 33 ; dwell. 2,061, and pop. 
— wh. 11.916, fr. col. CO, si. 3,634— total 15,616. CapiUd : 
Lewisljurg. 

Marsuall county, Yirg. Situate N. W., and contains 
371 sq. m. Drained by Wheeling, Big and Little Grave, 
and Fish creeks of the Oliio, which forms its W. boundarj'. 
Siu-face various, in parts quite hilly ; soil fertile. Corn, 
wheat, oals, and potatoes are thrifty crops, and it is well 
fitted for grazing. It has good water-power, and rapidly 
increasing manufactures of flour, iron, lumber, etc. Coal 
and iron ore are extensively found. Farms S47 ; manuf. 
19; dwell. 1,663, and pop.— wh. 10,050, fr. col. 39, si. 49— 
total 10.13S. Capitut: EUzabethlown, PuUic Works: 
Baltimore and Ohio R. R. 

Marshall, p. v., and cap. Clark co., TU. : on the National 
Road, 105 m. E. S. E. Springfield. It contains a court-house 
and other county offices. The railroad between Terro ilaule 
and Alton will pass through it. 

Marshall, t., p. v., and cap. Calhoun co., Mich. : 31 m. 
S. S. W. Lansing. Drained principally by Kalamtizoo river 
and Rice cr. There arc a number of other small streams 
running through it. Surface undulating ; soil, sand and rich 
clay loam, producing large (piantities of grain. It ha-s ex- 
tensive water-power, and a nund)er of mills, manufactories, 
ajid a furnace. The v. is plc:isantly situate at the confluence 
of Rice cr. with the Kalamazoo. It contains the court- 
house and several fine buildings. The Michigan Central 
R. R. passes through it, lOS m. from Detroit. There are 
2 weekly papers here, the " Statesman," and "Democratic 
Expounder." Pop. of t. 2,S23. 

Marshall, p. v., and cap. Saline co., Mo. : near Salt 
Fork, a branch of Black r., G^ m. N. W. Jefferson City. 
434 



Mabshall, t and p. o., Oneida county, Jf. K ; S9 m. 
W. N. W. Albany. Surface rolling; soil fertile. Drained 
by Oriskany cr. The Chenango Canal pa-sses through its 
N. W. part Deans v. is situate on the canal. The U has 
several flouring and grist mills, and eome other iudu^triaI 
establishments. Pop. 2.115 
Marsqall, p. 0., Bath co., Jy. : 59 m. E. Frankfort. 
MAitsHALL, p. v., Highland co., Ohio: at the head of a 
fork of Brush cr., 59 m. S. S. W. Columbus, and on the Cin- 
cinnati, Ilillsboro', and Parkersburg U. R., 7 m. E. 1 lillsboro*. 
Marshall, p. o., Marahall county, Ind.: Itii m. N. 
Indianapolis. 

Marshall, p. v., and cap. Harrison co., Tkr. ; on the 
water-shed between the Sabine r. and Caddo Lake, 260 ni. 
N. E. Austin City, and distant about 24 m. from Shreveport, 
La. It is a flourishing v., conUiining the co. offices, etc., 
and has two newspapers, the "Texas Repubhcau"' and the 
"Star State Patriot," both issued weekly. The Texiis and 
Louisiana R. R. wiU probably pass through Marshall, as doea 
now the post-road from Shreveport. Pop. about 2,000. 
MarsujVll's Ckeek, p. 0., Monroe co., Penn. 
Marshall's Feret, p. 0., Grainger CO., Teim.: onUolsloa 
r., 193 m. E. Nashville. 

Maiishallsville, p. v., Wayne co., 0?iio : 91 m. N. E. 
Columbus. 

Maeshallsvtlle, p. v., Macon county, Gd. : 65 m. S. W, 
Milledgevilie. The South-western R. R. passes through it, 
35 m. from Macon. 

Marshallton, p. v., Chester co., Penti. : 65 m. E. S. E. 
Harrisbiu"g. 

Maesiifield, L and p. v., Plymouth co., Mass.: 27 m. 
S. E. Boston. Drained by North and South rivers. Surface 
level ; soil fertile. Il is finely situate on Massachu-setta Bay. 
Ship-building is carried on to some extent, and there are 
several mauufacturing estabhshments in the town. North, 
East, and South Marshficid, are names of villages. The 
homestead and farm of the late Hon. Daniel Webster is sit- 
uate in the S. part of the t, about 12 m. N. Plymouth. Pop. 
of t. 1,S37. 

Maksufield, p. o., Erie county, K. Y.: 263 m. W. by N. 
Albany. 

Marshfielt), t and p. v., Washington co.. Verm. : 13 m. 
E. by N. Montpelier. Drained by Onion r. and its branches, 
which pass through it. Soil varied ; a part is good and 
well timbered, the rest wet and stony. The v. is situate on 
the left side of the r. Pop. of 1 1,102. 

Mars Hii.l, Me. : a celebrated mountain near the line of 
Maine, toward New Brunswick, in lat. 46^ 3:3' N. The ap- 
proach to this mountain is difficult; its sides are rugged and 
its summit bold. It has two culminations, one 1,303 feet# 
and the other 1,506 feet above the waters of Goose Quill r., 
New Bninswick. 

Marshpee district, Barnstable co., Mass. : 59 m. S. S. E. 
Boston. This is an ancient Indian settlement, and is still 
chiefly inhabited, by the descendants of the Marshpee tribe, 
but of mixed blood. It contains 15,000 acres, or about 16 
.sq. m., and is secured to the Indians in perpetuity. The 
Marshpee and Quashmct are considerable streams, which, 
with numerous ponds and the ocean, afford an abundant 
supply of fish. The inhabitants are occupied cliiefly ia 
agrieiUture and in the manufacture of various kinds of In- 
dian ware. Many occupy themselves in the fisheries. They 
are docile and hospitable, and have long suppurted a Chris- 
tian minister. The population numbers only 102, and yet it 
is the largest remnant of any of the tribes that once were 
lords of the whole country. 

Marsh's, station, Edgefield dist., S. Car. : on the South 
Carolina R. R., 12S m. from Charleston, and 55 m. S. W, 
Columbia. 

Marston's Mills, p. 0., Barnstable co., Mass. : 61 m. S. E. 
Boston. 

Martha Furnace, p. 0., Hardin co., III. : 175 m. S. E. 
Springfield. 



MAR 



MAR 



Martha Furnace, p. o,, Centre co., Perm.: 45 m. N. W. 
Iliirrishurg. Tbero ia a furnace here having an annual 
capacity fur 1,100 tons; it was constructe<i in ls82. 

Mahtua Mills, p. o., Fleming county, Ay. : 73 m. E. 
Frank furL 

Martuasville, p. v., Warren co., 3fo. : on the N. side of 
the Missouri r., 63 m. E. JefTer^on City. 

Martuasvtlle, sta., Macon co., Ga. : on the Soutli West- 
ern K. K., 42 m. S. by W. Maeon. 

Martha's Vineyaud, p. o., Chatham co., iV. Ca!\ ; 36 m. 
"W. Kaleigh. 

Martha's Vinevard, Jfrt.M. ; an island lying off the S. 
shore of Massachusetts. S. of Falmouth, and W. N. W. of 
Nantucket Island. It is 21 m. long, and is a component of 
Dukes CO. The soil is poor, and some sheep and cattle are 
reared, but the inhabitants are chiefly engaged in the fish- 
eries. An Indian church was founded here in 1606. Orig- 
inally the colony was governed indi'pi-ndeutly ; in 1664 it 
was united to New York, but in 1692 it was granted to 
Massachusetts. 

Martickville, p. v., Lancaster co., Perm. : 37 m. S. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Mautin county, /?;</. Situate S. W., and contains 334 
sq. ni. Drained by E. fork of While r. and its branches, 
Lick, Beaver, and Indian creeks. Surface somewhat hlUy. 
A large part of the co. is heavily limbered, and the soils are 
various; but mostly of elay, and generally fertile. Corn is 
the staple cereal ; the pastures are fine, and beef, pnrk, and 
flax-seed are exported. It has good mill streams, and ex- 
ports much lumber in various furms. Farms 633; nianuf. 
13; dwell. 1,025, and pop.— wh. 5,S44, fr. col. 97— total 5.941. 
Ctij'ital: Mount Pleasant. Public Wor/c-s: Cincinnati and 
St. Louis E. R. 

Martis county, ^, On'. Situate N. E., and contains 
&41 sq. m. Bounded N. by the lioanoke, and drained by 
its small affluents. Surface level, with marshes in parta; 
soil of moderate fertility. Corn is the chief cereal. Cotton 
and rice are good crops in some portions. The wealth of 
the CO. lies in extensive forests of i>ine timber, which furnish 
large quantities of lumber, lar, pitch, and turpentine for ex- 
portation. Farms 510; raanuf 17; dwell. 923, and pop. — 
■wh. 4,615, fr. col. 325, si. 3,367— total s,307. Capital: 
Williamston. 

Maietin, t. and p. o., Allegan county, Mich.: 51 miles 
W. S. W. Lansing. Drained by a branch of the Kalama- 
zoo and Rabbit rivers. Surface undulating; soil varied, 
in most parts fertile. It has extensive wooded plains. 
Pop. 329. 

Martlvdale, p. 0., Mecklenburg co., N". Car. : 109 m. 
B. W. Raleigh. 

Martixdale, sta., Rensselaer co., N. Y.: on Il.nrlem 
R. R., 35 m. E. Albany. 

Martinez, p. v.. Contra Costa co., Calif. : on the S. shore 
of the Strait of Carquines, between San Pablo and Suisun 
bays. It is favoral)Iy situate for commerce, and has been 
commenced under such auspices as to insure its fumre pros- 
perity. The strait is here about a mile wide, and on the 
opposite shore are the cities of Vallejo, the State capital, and 
Benicia. 

MARTiNSBmio, p. v., Washington co., Ind. : S9 m. S. by 
E. Indianapolis. It is a small v., in S. E. part of co., con- 
taining about 200 inhabitants. 

Martinsburg, t., p. v., and cap. Lewis co.. K Y. : 119 m. 
N. W. Albany. Drained by Martin's cr., which flows into 
Black r., which latter bounds it on the E. Surface undulat- 
ing; soil fertile loam, well adapted to grain. The v. is situ- 
ate on the post-road between l*tica and Ogdensburg, and 
contains a court-house, jail, female academy, hauking-honse, 
and Several fine stores. There is a valuable lead mine in 
the vicinity. Pop. of t 2,677. 

MARTiKSBtTRG, p. V., Knox CO., Ohio: on a tribuLary of 
the Muskingum r, 39 m. N. E. Olumbus. It contains 90 
dwellings, and about 5"J0 inhabitants. 



MAUTissituKG, p. v., Pike CO., III.: 63 m. S. S. W. 
Springfield. 

Martinsbitrg, p. v., Ripley co., Mo. : on a branch of 
Current r., 153 m. S. E. Jefferson City. 

Martinsburg, p. v., Blair co., Penn. : near a fork of 
Clover cr., 75 m. W. Ilarri-sburg. There is a blast furnace 
here with an annual capacity of 1,500 tons. 

MARTiNSBtrRG, p. V., nuti c.ip. Berkeley co., Yirg. : on 
tlie Baltimore and Ohio U. R., IDul from Harper's Ferry, and 
i;U m. N. by W. Richmond. The "Virginia Republican" 
(wliig), and "Virginia Patriot" (dem,), are issued weekly. 
Martinsburg enjoys a large country business, and ha3 
several considerable manufacmring establishments. It con- 
tains the court-house and county offices, and is well pro- 
vided with schools and churches. Pop. about 2,000. 

Martin's Creek, p. o., Northampton co., Ptim. : 89 m. 
N. E. Harrisburg. 

Martin's Creek, p. o., Carroll co., Teiin. : 95 m. E. by S. 
Nasliville. 

Martin'6 Creek, p. o., Pickens district, S. Car.: on 
an affluent of Savannah River so called, 119 in. N. W. 
Columbia. 

Martin's Dep6t, p. o. and sta., Laurens dist., S. Car.: 
.'J2 ra. N. W. Columbia. The p. o. was fiirinerly called 
Huntsville, and the sta. ia 16 m. from Newberry court-house 
on the Laurens R. R. 

Martin'8 Ferry, p. o., Belmont county, Ohio: 117 m. 
E. by N. Columbus. 

Martin's Ferry, sta., Merrimac co., K. Uamp. : on the 
Merriinac r., and on line of the Concord E. R., 13 m. from 
Concord. 

Martin'8 Hill, p. a, Chemung CO., A'". 3*. ; 165 m, 
W. by S. Albany. 

Martin's Landino. p. o.. Perry co.. Lid. : on N. side of 
Ohio r.. Ill m. S. by W. Indianapi:)li9. 

Martin's Lime Kilns, ]). o., Stokes co., 2T. Car.: 101 m 
N. W. Raleigh. 

Martin's JIills, p. o., Buchanan co., M-x : 157 m. N. W. 
Jefferson City. 

Martinsville, p. v., Clark co., PI.: on the E. side of 
N. fork of Einbarras r., 95 m. E. by S. Springfield. 

Martinsville, p. o., Lancaster co., Penn. : 39 m. S. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Martinsville, p. v., and cap. Morgan co., Tnd.: about half 
a mile E. of the E. fork nf White r.. and W. terminus of the 
Martinsville R. R., 25 in. S. W. Indianapolis. Tlie county 
court-house and other i>ublie buildings are situate here. 
The "Morgan County Gazette" (neut.) is a weekly issue. 
Pop. about 600. 

Martinsville, p. v., Somerset co., iV. Jer., : on N. bank 
of liaritan r., 29 m. N. Trenton. 

Martinsville, p. v., Clinton co., Ohio: at the hend of 
E. fork Little Miami r., 59 m. S. W. Columbus. It con- 
taias several stores, a steam-mill, 50 dwellings, and about 
300 inhabit.^nts. 

Martinsville, p. o., Niagara co., N. Y. : 273 m. W. by N. 
Albany. 

Martinsville, p. v.. Henry co., Virff. : near Smith's r., a 
branch of Dan r., 14^3 m. S. W. Richmond. The county 
court-house and other public buildings are situate here, and 
it contains about ISO inlmbitanta. 

Martville, p. v., Cayuga co., A^ Y. : 15t m. N. W. 
Albany. It is situate on Little Sodus cr., and contains sev- 
eral mills, etc., and about 260 inhabitants. 

Marvel, p. v., Vernon co., 3fo. : on the N. side of Marais 
des Cygnes r., 129 m. W. S. W. JefTerson City. 

Marvin, p. o., Chautauque co., K Y.: 277 m. W. by 8. 
Albany. 

Mary, p. o., Puhaski co., Ar^\ 

Mary (or IIitmboldt) river. Hah T^'r.: rises by two 
branches in the HumboUlt River Mouulaius, in Weber and 
Tooele counlies, ninning W. 95 m., and S. 63 m., empties 
into Humboldt Lake. 

435 



MARYLAND. 



THE STATE OF MARYLAND. 

Mabyiand the most southern part of that division of the United States of America usually called the "Middle 
States " is situate between the latitudes 8S0 and 89° 43' north, and between the longitudes 76° 03' and -90 32' we^t from 
Greenwich, or 20 31' and 1° 5j' east from Washington. lis outline is extremely irregular, except on the north and east, 
where Mason and Dixon's line constitutes the frontier, and separates Maryland from the oiljoining states of I'ennsxlvama 
and Delaware. On the south the Potomac River, with a winding channel and circuitous general course, is its hmilary 
stream and divides it from Virginia. The main body of the eastern section is bounded by Delaware Slate line ; but a 
narrow strip, projecting eastward to the sea, intrudes itself between that Slate and the Virginia portion of Chesapeake 
peninsula The periphery of the State is wlimated 10 be about TC6 miles, namely : from the mouth of Potonuic Kivcr U> 
the source of its north branch, .320 miles : tlienee north to the Pennsylvania line, 35 miles ; thence along that Ime cost, 
ward 199 miles; thence along the west an.l south line of Delaware, 122 miles; thence along the Atlantic Ocean, 32 mdes; 
thence across the peninsula to the mouth of Poeomoke Kiver, 2(1 n>iles : .and direelly west to the confluence of Potomac 
Eiver with Chesapeake Bay, Ihe place of beginning, about 3S miles. Within this outline is contained a snperflc.es of 
:3.959 square miles ; but of tliis extent only 9.674 square mUes are land, the residue being covered by the waters of 
Chesapeake Bav and its numerous inlets and bays. .. , . 

Maryland is naturally divided into three dUlinct geographical sections, thefrst section comprises that port.on lying 
to the east of Susquehanna Eiver and Clf^apeake Bay, known locally as the ■' Eastern Shore," and which contains the 
counties of Worcester, Somerset, Dorehosler, Talbot, Carolhie, Qneen Anne, Kent, and Cecd. It forms a part of that 
Ion- peninsula which, projecting southward toward and into the Atl.antic Ocean, divides the waters of Chesapeake and 
Delaware bavs, and which, though of very limited extent, comprises the .whole of one slate, and portions of two others. 
The surface if the whole tract is"^level. and but slightly elevated above the sea ; and in every part its soils are more or lcs3 
sandv, but, in their g.meral character, may be eonsidere.i as above the average in respect of their adaptation to the pur- 
poses of agriculture. Few rocks are found in any pari, and ihe mineral deprsils arc chiefly bog-iron ore, chromes, etc.. with 
aluminous and magnesia salts. Marl, ,,l,ell-lime, marsh mud, peat or turf, and other agents used as fertilizers abound. 
In ihe norlh.-rn districts of this region, however, the country is hilly, and in some parts has a rocky subslratum-tho 
rocks chiefly sandstone and slate. The forest growths consist principally of oaks of various species, hickory, chestnut, 
pine, locust, walnut, eedar, gum, beech, an.l a great variety of shrub and herbaceous annuals. Wheat, Indian com, and 
Jobacco are the staple productions; and in the more southern eounti™, the cotton plant is .said to succeed well. Tho 
climate is temperate, and highly favorable to the enjoyment and extended duration of hfe. The land area of tins section 
is computed at 3.8S6 sqare miles, or 2,167.040 acres. The peninsula, of which this portion of Maryland forms a part, .3 
about ISO miles in lenglh from Ihe norlh Ime of the State to Cape Charles, and has an area of about 6 9S0 square miles; 
the neck between the inclosing bavs is only about 17 miles wide ; but as it stretches southward, it expands gradually to the 
width of 70 miles an.l then as gradually contracts until it terminates in a long, narrow t.mgue, called Aocomac reiiin- 
8ula, about 60 miles in lengrh and 10 miles wi.le. The eo.ast on the Chesapeake is deeply indented by numerous spacious 
gulf; and estuaries ; such as those at the confluence with Ihe hay of the Pocomoke, Nanticoke, Chopt-ank, Chester, and 
Elk rivers each receiving considerable streams from the interior and afl-ording great facUitics to navigation. The eastern 
coast pre enfs a striking contrast when compared with the western coast. "Between the ocean and the e.iltivated 
por U,n of the eonnlrv. there is a pr.Jonged sandy beach, varying from a few hundred yards to a quarter of a mile or 
upward in brea.llh. an.l extending the whole length of Ihe cast, without a single outlet to the ocean, from Indian I.iver, 
in Delaware, to the s<mthern extremity of Chineoleague Island, iu Virginia. Between this beach and the mainland les 
Sinepux.mt Bav. from one to lour or flve miles wi.le, and neariy 30 miles in lengtl. It is a shallow fff^'-^ 
na" i-able only \o a short distance above South Point, at the lower end of Sinepuxent Neck." Some mlete that .irmer y 
existed in this beach, an.l a.lmitted the sea, are now elose.l, an.l the waters of the bay have become comparatively fresh 
The «e™«rf section, comprising what is usually called the Western Shore, consists of anofhcr peuinsiila lynig inland 
between the Potomac Itiver and Chesapeake Bay, and up to the line of the river falls, which extend ^om above Port 
Deposit to above Georgetown. In ils general feamres, soil, and producti.ms, it closely resembles ihe section of country 
alrea.ly described. It is alluvial in its f.irmalion. and lying principally on the western shores of the bay, or upon the 
eastern bank .,f the lower Potomac, has the same climate as the "Eastern Shore." Tho counties c^omprised m this section 
are St Mary's. Calvert. Charies, Prince George, Anne Arundel, Howard, parts of Montgomery, Baltimore, and llarfi^d. 
The te'rrit..rial exlent of these counties is about 3.69S square miles, or 2,.361i,520 acres. The leading geographical feature 
of the north-western part ..f lliis secti.m, is the ledge of primitive rocks which runs from the lell bank of he I otomac m 
Montgomerv Coimlv, norlh-eastwar.lly to the Susquehanna River, vhere it crosses the north hne of he Mate. The 
primitive ledge forms a natur-.l boun.lary between the alluvial region and the mountainous district of Maryland, wiKh 
latter conslitules the tl,M, or western section, passing llirough which wc meet with, in succession, South-Kast Mountain 
or Parr's Ridge, terminating with Sugar-Loaf Mountain, on the Potomac; Catoetin Mounlain, reaching the same river at 
the Point of Rocks : South M,>untain,^or Blue Ridge, crossing it at Harper's Ferry : the Kiltatinny, crossing it at Hancock ; 
Eu-^ed Mountain. Wills Mountain, and other detachi^d ridges: and the great Alleghany ridge, traversing the far weslern 
cart of the Stale Manv flne valleys iiileriie tlie mounlains. which in climate and soil are not surpassed by the most fav.red 
regions of the earth, 'fhis section exten.ls al.,iig the left hank of the Potomac to the western boundary of the Slate, an.l 
foliowin- Ihe sinuosities of the river, is neariy 17.=. mil.-s in lenglh. but so irregular in shape, that though it is m..re than 100 
miles wUle at the eastern end, it is compressed in the mi.ldle by the near approach of the border lines of \ irgiina an.l 
Pennsylvania to a width of less than 3 miles. From the base of the primitive le.lge. which is. in fact, a h.wer branch of 
the Annalachian chain, the surface gradually rises to the head waters of Ihe Potomac River 2,n(i0 or more feet This 
renrcsenls the rise from tidewater at Baltimore to the dividing grounds in All.^ghany I'ounly, between the waliTs of the 
Potomac and lh.«c falling into Ohio River. Embraced in this section are Carroll, Fre.lerick, V. ashington, and All.-ghany 
counties, whii-htogclher cover an area of 2..'i90 square mill's, or 1.0.57.600 acres. , , T, ■ 

Ch.'saneake Bay which divides the State info two unequal parts, in its greatest exlent, lies wilhm Marylan.i. It is a 
noble sheet of water, equaled in its commercial cap.acilles by few of the great estuaries that in various pin-ls of the wort.l 
have altracted the notice and admiration of the mariner. Its entrance h.lween Cape Charles an. Cape Henry, in 
Yir..inia is about 1.^ miles in width, an.l opens from east to west; but on penetrating the land it su,ld..nly changes lU 
direction an.l slrefch.-s fr.im south to i,..rth ovvr a .listancc of ISO miles, will, a wi.Uh m the sonlhern p.art of 2 1 to 30 
miles, and in the north.rn part of about 10 miles. It is, Ihroiiglioul, deep and navigable for large vessels, and il receives 
430 



MARYLAND. 



a ^rcat many tk-cp and navjgahk' rivurs, "f whuli tlic largest ami iirincipal are from Virginia. Its area is about 8.500 
Bquare miles. The Susquehanna Uivcr has its luwer cimrse in Marjhmii ; llie tide reaches Port Deposil 5 miles (yum ita 
mnulli, abn\e which tliere are lalls; the Patapscu lliver is a tine mill stream falling into the bay of tlie same name below 
Ealtimnre; the Paluxent, the prineipal river of the Western Shore, i? a wide siream. flowing nearly parallel with the 
Potomac, and navigable to Nottingham, about 50 miles, t'mr large vessels; the Elk. Chester, ChoptanU, Nanticoke, and 
Pocomoko. on the Eastern Shore, are navigable for 3(1 or 40 miles; and the iMonoeacy Kiver, Anlielam and Coneeo- 
cheague creeks are the principal tributaries of l!ie Poloniae in Maryland. All these contribute to the Tohinie of llic 
waters of Chesapeake Bay, and, in llieir several courses, furnish fine avenues of internal trade, or provide waier-power 
sufficient for all the purposes of extensive manufacturing operations. The Puloraac, common to Virginia and Maryland, 
forming the boundary between the two, is the most imporlant of all the streams of the latter, and the largest of the 
tributaries of the Chesapeake. It rises in the recesses of the Alleghany Mountains, and reaches the bay between Point 
Lookout and Smith's Point, This river is ~{- miles wide at lis mouth, and navigable for ships of the greatest burden for 
800 miles from the sea, 3 miles below the head of tide-water. Above this point, the naiigation is obslructed by a succes- 
sion of falls, around which, however, eanals have been dug, and the navigable channel so far improved as lo render 
the river passable for boats to Cumberlan<i, 191 miles above Washington. The descent of the Potomac, from the mouth 
of Savage liiverlo Cumberland, a distance of 81 miles, is 445 feet; from Cumberland to the Shenandoah Falls, 130 miles, 
it is 49ii feet ; hence to Great Falls, 40 miles, 89 feet; and between these and tide-water, 1*2 miles, 14^3 feet; making tho 
whole descent from the mouth of Savage Kiver to tide-water, a distance of '213 miles, I,11T feet, nr on the average 5i feet 
in each mile, llising westward of the Allighany Mountains is the Vmighiogeny, the <->nly river of Maryland that does 
not empty its waters into Chesapeake Bay ; it flows norlhward through Alleghany Ct>unty. and passing mio Pennsylvania, 
falls into Mnnongahela P.iver, 18 miles south-east of I'itl^burg; and thence its waters are carried tlirough the ()hio and 
Mississippi rivers to the Gulf of Mexico. 

To comprehend the geology of Maryland.* we must understan<l the general facts as to the stnicture of the broad plain 
which skirts the ocean in the Middle and Southern Stales; of the less elevated region lying west of this ])!ain, ciilled 
si>metimes the Atlantic slope; and of the great Apalachian chain, which includes the greatest variety of rocks and the 
m()St import^mt formations. 

Commencing at the ocean and proceeding westward, we find a low and almost level region. This plain extcU'ls from 
New Jersey through the Southern Slates. As the soil composing this plain consists of incoherent materials, which are 
easily washed away, the tide flows across it and forms large estuaries, where it meets the rivers wliicli flow from the 
interior. This plain does not now present an unbroken surface, but is marked by minor irregularities and undulations, 
which have been due to the action of brooks, creeks, and rain torrents ; slill, the general character of a broad level is 
prcser\'ed, as it is in the ocean, notwithstanding its surface is broken by waves. The portion of the plain lying in Mary- 
land, which is sometimes called the tide-water dislrict, embraces nearly one-half of the ten-itory of the State. This great 
region, which once formed the bed of an ancient ocean, and has risen by means of those clevatory forces which have 
acteil upon all the continents, contains bcnealli its surface unqneslioned records of the epochs when its materials were 
deposited. In the strata which compose this jilain toward the norlli, in New Jereey, fossils are found indicating that the 
strata belong to the cretaceous or chalk formation, which occupies in the geological scale the upper part of the secondary 
formation. The cretaceous strata, if they exist in Maryland, are concealed by the overlying deposits ; but they probably 
form the floor of Ihese deposits from New Jersey to North Carolina, where they again appear at the surface. The fossils 
found in the cliffs and banks of the Atlantic plain, prove that the strata which comjiose it belong principally to the ter- 
tiary formatiiin, which lies next the chalk. t All the teriiary de|)osils, with the exception of the pliocene, occur in the 
Slate. The inclination of the teriiary beds in Maryland is very slight, and toward the south-east, so that the Potomac 
below Washington presents sections of each of the divisions, the lower beds rising to the surface as we proceed west. 

The later tertiary, or post pliocene, which rcjtrescnts the epochs next antecdent to the introduction of the huninn race, 
occurs in Jlaryhind only in limited patciies. The principal one is in St Mary's County. To this period arc referred the 
numerous beds of oysters which skirt the low margins of the islets and rivers of Maryland, and which are usually 
attributed to the agency of the aborigines. The ^leposit in St. Mary's County is interesting, as containing several southern 
species, and particularly the gnathudon vaneatus, which is now lound only in the warmer waters of the Gulf of Mexico ; 
a fact indicating the prevalence in this region of a climate like that of Florida, at the period of the formation of this 
deposit The miocene formation, which underlies the last named deposits, is the most widely extended of the teriiary 
beds. The prineipal marl beds are in this formation. It occurs near Chestertown, Wye Mills, on Choptank liiver, near 
l^aston, and at olhcr places near the Eastern Shore ; also tlirough the counties of St. Mary's, Calvert, etc. Within tho 
miocene, at Piscataway, has been traced a remarkable bed of silicious clay, entirely composed of silicious cases (of inftisoria) 
so minute as only to be detected by a powerful microscope, yet containing distinct specific characters, enabling us to refer 
them to the miocene. Of the shells in the miocene deposits in this State, about seventeen per cent, have been identified 
with living species. Thus, at this remote period, the peculiar distribution of living mollusea, which now exists, had 
begun to prevail in the region of Maryland, while at this geological era the fauna were so distinct from the present, that 
Jbur-fltlhs of the species now living had not come into existence. 

An abrupt line of demarkation exists between the fossil groups of the miocene and eocene, which lies next below the 
former. Before the deposition of the miocene beds, some event has occurred, like a sudden fall in the temperature of 
the ocean, whicli has destroyed every kind of animal life; for in the miocene deposits not a single form of the lower 
tertiary bed exists, even where the two beds are in juxtaposition. The eocene, which toward the ocean Ims been 
sunk beneath the miocene, rises shortly after passing a line from Fort Washington to Annapolis. Of two hundred 
species of shells found in this tbrmation, not one now exists on the coast, or is found in the more recent deposits of the 
United Stales, although many are identical with tho eocene fossils of the Paris basin. A circumstance of much econom- 
ical interest in relation to this formation is the occurrence, in many localities of the eocene, of that most valuable fertilizer, 
the green sand, which occurs in the secondary beds ol New Jersey, and has added so much to the agricultural wealth of 

• Tlie wlmle of tliis artii-Ie on geoln^v is taken from ttie rpnsws <if Man land. X\if. lesi important points being omitt^cl nr abhrrTintfi!. 

t By folifi ting all t!i* r.mailH rontHined in any terti.iry liepd-il, and comparing llurn with existing sp^cien, tlie genlogint is enaljl>*il to diissify Hie 
depwils into one of Uiree gre;tt Kronps. In the lowe«t deposit, or grimp. but few recent epeciea are f.mnd. It *•> Itience r.illed tli» eocone. or 
dawn of rerer-t species. Tlie next above conPding « minority of recent specie*, and is tlience ciii!**d miocene. Over tliis occurs a deposit contain 
ins a rnajurily of recent species, which is called pliocene, and above tbe last a deposit called tbe post pUocene 

427 



MARYLAND. 



that SUik\ The deconiposed shclU, or marl, of the tertiary have contributed, in scarcely a less degree, to the fertility of 
the lower counties of Maryland. 

The head of tide-water forms the limit of the tertiary. On the western borders of this formation, all along the Atlantic 
coast, all the srreat rivers descend by falls and rapids. At these points tlic navigation is stopped, and large cities have 
spniiijf up. Thus the western boundary af the tertiary is a line of great geographical and polilical interest, rroceoding 
westward from the limit of the tertiary, we find a belt of stratified metamorphic, or liypngcne rocke, which ranges nt-arly 
parallu-1 with the Atlantic coast. These rocks include gneiss, micaceous, chloritic, and talcose slates, and beds of st-riten- 
tiue, granite, and limestone. The width of this belt, in Maryland, from its eastern border to the points where its rocks 
begin to be covered unconforraably with new red sandstone, is from 20 to 30 miles. This region is characterized by hills 
generally of moderate height, but somulimes rising as high as 900 feet above raid tide. Their sunuiiits are rountled, and 
present a striking contrast to the h)ng, steep, parallel ridges of the Alleghanies. The beds of the rivers wliich pass 
through this region are in decply-cleft valleys, with rounded or abrupt sides, that afford small tracts of alluvial soil. The 
general inclinatim of these hypogene rocks is to the south-east, at an angle of about 45° ; the direction of the range is 
north-east and south-west. The principal minerals and rocks of economical value in tliis belt are the gneiss, which forms 
an excellent and indestructible material fur ordinary building purposes; primary limestone, or saccharoidal marble, 
extensively used for building purposes in Baltimore and. "Washington; hydrosilicates of magnesia, which furnish a 
material for the production of a large amount of magnesia. The serpentine of Harford County, and the norlhern border 
of Cecil County, has yielded a large amount of ferroxido of chrome, for making pigments and dyes ; titaniated iron, 
which occurs in gneiss, has been worked witli success in Harford County. Ores of brown hematite, extensively used in 
Maryland for the manufacture of iron of excellent quality, occur in beds of clay and loam, particularly on the borders of 
the primary limestone within this belt. 

Near Frederick, in passing westward, we perceive that the hypogene rocks begin to be covered with unconformahlo 
beds of red sandstone. This group of rocks is one of the most remarkably uniform in the country, possessing the same 
characteristics fi-om the Hudson to North Carolina, It consists of dark reddish broi^Ti argillaceous sandstones, of 
crumbly-brown shales and coarse conglomerates. The strata dip gently toward the north-west, or toward the mountains. 
The beds, which show themselves along the south-eastern edge of the tract, consist mostly of coarse sandstones, alternat- 
ing with red shales. The central parts consist more exclusively of brown shales and brown argillaceous sandstone. The 
uppermost beds, or those occurring along the north-western margin of the formation, have frequently the character of 
coarse conglomurates, made up of pebbles derived from a great variety of rocks, chiefly those wliich occur at the Ixise or 
on the si'de of the adjoining South Mountain. The beds of rock on the Potomac, which ha\ furnished the material 
from which the columns in the House of Iteiiresentativee in the Capitol at Washington have been constructed, belong to 
this formation, th'j pebbles and the cementing materials in these beds being of limestone. The few fossil fishes and shells 
found in this formation establish its age to be that of the upper new red sandstones of Europe, or the period of the middle 
ages of geological history. To this formation belong the most important localities of copper ores in Maryland. Indeed, 
this formation is the depository of the priticipal copper mines in the United States, the beds containing the copper of 
Lake .Superior being referred to this formation. 

• After passing the formation of new red sandstone, which occupies, as we hare seen, a narrow trough in the h}-pogene 
or metamorphic rocks, proceeding westwardly, we approach the first ridge of the Alleghanies, or the grent Apalachian 
chain. A rapid glance at the general features in the structure of the whole chain will enable us to comprehend more 
fully the portion of the chain which exists in this State. This chain, geologically considered, extends from Vermont to 
Alabama, being more than l.OOO miles long, from 50 to 100 miles broad, and varying in height from SOD to 4,000 feet. 
Unlike the great chains of many countries which contain a principal central mountain, to which aU the minor ranges 
tend, this system consists of a brrad zone of almost innumerable parallel ridges of nearly equal parallel height The 
characteristic fealurt^s of the ridges are great length, narrowness, and steepness, the evenness of their summits, and their 
remarkable parrdlelism ; many of them are almost straight for more than 50 miles. This feature, combined with their 
Bteep slopes and sharp and level summits, gives them the appearance, seen in perspective, of so many colossal intreneh- 
ments. Tho first belt of the chain, having in a less degree the characteristics above mentioned, is the narrow undulating 
mountain range, called in New York and New Jersey, the Highlands; in Pennsylvania, the South Mountain ; in Mary- 
land, the South Mountain or BUie Ridge— the latter name being applied to the range in Virginia— the Catoctin Mountain, 
which is the first chain of importance which presents itself in Maryland as we proceed west, being a spur of the Blue 
Eidge. The rocks of this belt are, for the most, part, of the older metamorphic strata, including gneiss, micaceous, 
chloritic. argillaceous, and t.ilcose slates, and the Pottsdam sandstone. Such is the character of the rocks exposed by the 
canal and railroad excavations at Harper's Ferry. Immediately north-west of this mountain range is the great Apala- 
chian Valley, which ranges from Vermont to Alabama under various local names. The portion lying in Maryland is 
called the Hagerstown Valley. The latter, like the continuation of the same valley north and south, is principally based 
upon the Trenton limestone, remarkable as containing all the great caverns in the country. Beyond this valley to the 
li'>rth-west is a wide belt of long, narrow, parallel ridges and included valleys, spreading north-westward to the foot of 
the great plateau of the Alleghany or Curaberiand Mountain. This belt has a breadth varying fVom 30 to 00 miles. These 
narrow and parallel ridges consist of stra'-a folded into a succession of convex and concave strata, which have been sub- 
sequently laid open by <ienudation. They consist of Silurian, devonian, and carboniferous formations, adopting the terms 
applied to similar formations in England— the older groups, or Silurian, lying chiefly along tho south-eastern flank <tf the 
Apalachians. and the carboniferous making their appearances as we proceed west. It is evident that these beds, now so 
much folded and fractured, were originally horizontal, and formed continuous deposits with the rocks of the great western 
coal field. It appears that the bending and fracture of tho l>ecls is greatest on the Atlantic side of the chain, and the 
6tra*a becomes less and less disturbed ns we proceed toward the west. The most important feature in the geology of ihe 
Apalachian chain, as it exists in Maryland, is the occurrence among its strata of Ihe carboniferous formation, and its 
Included beds of coal and orL^s of iron. There are three important coal areas within the State ; two north-west of the" 
80-calIed Backbone of the ^Uleghany Mountain; the north-west, or Yioughiogeny field, estimated to contain 2.50 square 
miles; the middle area, between Negro and Mearlow mountains, estimated to contain 120 square miles. These fields, 
lying in the midst of a forest region, have not been thoroughly explored. The estimates of their value can not be much 
^ relied on. This is of comparatively little importance, as from their location they must remain for a long time undisturbed. 
The Frostburg. or Cumberland coal basin, lies between Davis Mountain to the east, and Savage Mount.iin to the west, 
extending within the State 20 miles in length, with an average breadth of 4} miles. The carboniferous strata, compoeing 
433 



MAKYLAND. 



rbe enal seriea, consisling, as elsewhere, of shale, p-it, samistone, liiuestone, artrillaceous iron ore, and coal, dip on every 
side toward the centre of the trough. The successive beds liave Ix-cn compared, in shape, to a great number of Indian 
canoes, placed one witliin tlie other. The entire thickness of the coal measures about 1,500 feet. The present surface 
of the basin is irregular, as it lias been intersected by numerous deep ravines, formed by streams and rivers. IJy ihoso 
means large portions of the beds have been swept away. Wherever the beds have been cut oif by tlie inter^-ention of a 
valley, they are seen on the opposite sides at the same level, sht. wing that the bods were once continuous. The whole 
amount of denudaiion has been estimated at 20.'2r)O acres, 8G,S47 acres or 185 square miles, being the supposed present 
area of the coal. This denudation h.is given great facility for exploration of the strata and working the coal, and saves 
Ilie large expenditures necessary in oilur regions for ^training the minis. The whole quantity of coal may be extracted 
without the use of a shaft. Tlie i»rineipal scam has been 111 feel in thickness of workable coal, and there are several 
other workable beds of less thickness: the whole thickness of available coal having been estimate*! at 45 feet. The data 
above given, supposing the whole coal to be accessilile, would make the gross amount in this basin G.;i05,137.S;27 tons, and 
Ihe available quantity, making the ordinary deductions, over tour thousand million tons. The analysis of the Cumberland 
coal shows it to be f-f the kind <lenomitiaIed <Jry or close burning, or intermediate between the fat coal of Pitlsbur* and 
the anthracite of Pen nsy Ivan i:u Experiments prove that this coal, in evaporative power, occupies the very highest place 
among American coals. This is further denionslrated by its extensive use in the ocean steamers. 

It will 1)0 seen from this rapid sketch, in which, from want of space, many interesting details are omitted, that the State 
of Maryland, in the extende<l range of its geological formations, is favored with one of the most important physical 
elements of prosperity. The same cause has been, hi a high degree, conducive to the wealth of England. The tertiari/ 
of Maryland has contributed a soil of easy tillage and inexhaustible supplies of the best and cheapest material for enrich- 
ing lU Its incoherent beds have suffered the tide to penetrate far inland, thus giving the advantages of the sea-board to 
the inhabitant of the interior. The metamorphic rocks furnish the best materials for construction near the points where 
they are most needed, and producing waterfalls on Ihe rivers at the borders of the Atlantic plain, have placed the sitea 
of manufactures near the great water liigliways. The shales and sandstones of the secotKlnri/ have formed new varieties 
of soil, and contributed new material for architecture and metallurgy. To the siliir/'an formation is due the broad and 
fertile valley resting fiq the Trenton limestone, and to the peculiar structure of the Apalachian chain, the rich glades of 
the upper mount-ain valleys. Finally, tlie carhoniferoiis beds supply without limit the minerals most essential to com- 
merce and the arts— &3al, the indispensable aliment of industry, and iron, tlie nistrumcnt with which all wealth is created, 

Maryland, in 1S50, was divided into twenty counties, the general statistics of which, and the capitals of each, was &S 
follows: 



Counties. Dwell. 

Alleghany 3,S50. 

Anne Arundel . 3.710. 
Baltimore 30,065. 



Calvert 

Caroline 

Carroll .... 

Cecil 

Charles 

Dorchester. 



l.OOG.. 
1,52G.. 
3.476.. 
3.056.. 
1,335.. 
2,705.. 



Pop. 

22,769. , 
32,393. , 

210.646. 

, 9,64G. 
0.6'J2., 
20,610. 
13,939. 
16,10-2., 
1S,S77. 



Fnrma 
in ciilL 


M«n,if 

Lstnli 


Capitnls. 


Counties. 


P,Vfl|. 


Top. 


Farn.i 
in rail. 


Man.i 

Ksl.,1) 


■• C.ipitals. 


S92. 


24. 


. Cumberland 


narr..ril 


.2.971. 


.^..-iiiG. 


.1,278. 


. 70. 


.Bel-Air 


1,»9S. 


169. 


.ASNAI'OUS 


Kint 


.l,.'iS4. 


.11,3^6. 


. 607. 


. 34. 


. Chesterlown 


1,GS5. 


2,377. 


.B.ilfc C'ily 


Moiittromery . 


.1,923. 


.15,S(iO. 


.1,051. 


. SO. 


.Pockvillo 


434. 


0. 


.Pr. Frc.lto'Q 


Prtiice Georjie'a 1,S75. 


.31,540. 


. 885. 


. 23. 


.Up'r Marlboro' 


730. 


0. 


.Doiiton 


Queen Anne's 


.1,S(!4. 


.14,454. 


. 936. 


. 29. 


.CculreviUe 


1,8ST. 


. 121. 


.■Wosltuinstcr 


.St. Mary's 


.l..')12. 


.1.3,098. 


. 813. 


. 11. 


.Lconard&town 


1,205. 


170. 


.Elktrai 


Somerset 


.3,158. 


.22,458. 


.1,455. 


. 90. 


.Princess Anne 


TOO. 


0. 


. Pt. Tobacco 


Talbot 


.1,751 


.1.3.511. 


. T93. 


. 86. 


.Easton 


1,049. 


. 13. 


.Cambriilge 


Washington.. 


.5,063. 


.30,845. 


.1,293. 


.109. 


.llaccrstown 


1,958. 


253. 


.FreJi-rick 


Worcester 


.2.SS4 


.15,8.59. 


.1,318. 


. 45. 


.Snow UUl 



Frederick 6,307.. 40,957. 

The whole number of dwellinss in the State, at the period referred to, was 81,708, of families 87,384, and of inhabitants 
583.0:34, viz. : whites 417.94.3— males 211,187, and feniiiles 200,750 ; froe colored 74,72.3— males 85,193, and females 39,531 ; 
and slaves 90.368 — m.iles 45,944, and fem.aies 44,424. Of the whole pni»ulatir)n. there were dea/and dumb — wh. 195, fr, 
col. 36, anil si. 2.3— total '254 ; blind— wh. 193, fr. otil. 71, an.l si. 43— tot.il 307 ; Insauf—wh. 477, fr. col. 52, and si. 34— 
total ,5.53 : and idiotic — wh. 205, fr. eol. .53, and si. 7"2 — total 39.3. The number of free persons bom in the United Stales 
was 438,916: the number of fiirei^n birth 53,255; and the number of birth unknown 402. The native populati,m 
originated as follows : Maine 456, N. ITamp. 200, Term. 262, Mass. 1.421, Pl. I. 209, Coim. 454, N. York 2,646, N. Jer. 1,321, 
Ptnn. 16.076, Del. 4.37-3. Miiriihind 400,594. Dist. of Col. 1,940, Virg. 7,030, N. Car. 22.5, S. Car. 153, Ga. 74, Flor. 37, Ala. 
61, Misii. M3, La. 151, Tex. 24, Ark. 14. Tenn. SO, Ky. 131, Ohio 585, Mich. 16, Ind. 65, III. 54, Mo. 86, la. 5, Wise. 4, Calif. 
1, and territories 1 ; and W\Qfivei(in population wa.s composed of persons from — England 3,407, Ireland 19.557, Scotland 
1,093, Wall's 200, Germany 26.936, France ,507, Spain IS, Portugal 29, Belgium 5, Holland 106, Turkey 11, Italy 82, Austria 
16, SwitZiTland 65, Russia 2.3. Denmark 35, Norway 10, Swe.len 57, Prussia 185, Greece 0, China 1, Asia 3, Africa 
10, British America 215, Mexico 8, Central America 0, South America 52, West Indies 279, Sandwich Islands 2, and other 
countries 251. 

The following table -will exhibit the decennial pri:>gress of the population since the first census of the State taken by the 
United States authorities : 

Cetfirei! Persons. Decennial Inrrenee. 

Cen.ns Wliite , , , Total , ,^ .— , 

Y'-nr8. IVrsons. ¥<"■: Sliivp, Tot.it PnpnI;,Iion. Numerical. Perceut. 



1790 208,649 . 

1500 316,326 . 

1810 3.'A117 . 

1S30 260,223 . 

1S30 29I.10S . 

1S40 815,204 . 

1S60 417,943 . 



. 8.043 103.030 111,075 319.723 . 

. 19,557 10.5,635 1-25.222 .341 .,545 21.820 6.82 

. 33.927 1I1..503 145.439 350..546 85,995 11-41 

. 89,730 107,398 147,128 407,3.50 26.504 7.04 

. 52.938 102,994 1.55.932 447,040 39,690 9.74 

.62.078 .59.7')7 151.815 470.019 22,979 .5.14 

. 74,723 90,303 105,091 55:J,034 113,015 24.04 



The Bt.atislic9 of the weallh and indiislrj- of the State, .as ascertained by the census of 1850, and in accordance with other 
oflSeial documents referring to the same period, are as liillows : 

Orinipied Lands.— \m\,rn\i-(\ lait.ls 2.797.905 acres, and unimprovwl lands 1,836,44.5 acres— v.alued in cash at 
$37,175..54.5. The whole ninubi.r of farms under cultivation on the 1st June, 1850, 21,560. Value of farming impla- 
menls and machinery, $2,403,4 tS. 430 



MAiiil^AND. 



jAve'Stock.—UoTse3^75jGS4; asses nnd mules, 5,644; milch cows, SC,S59; working oxen, 84,135; other cattle, £^,595; 
eheep, 177,902; and swine, 352,911— the viilue of these in the aj^aregatc, $7,997,634. In la40 the number of liorses, 
mules, etc., w;ls 9'2.2'20; of neat cattle, including milch cows, working oxen, and olher cattle, 2'2o,714 ; of sheep, 257,922 ; 
and of swine, 416,943. These statistics exUibit in the decade intervening, a decrease of 10,892 horses, mules, etc., of 0,125 
OflUlc, of 80,020 sheep, and G4,ii32 swine. 

Grain, <?r£ips.— Wheat, 4,494,650 bushels; rye, 226,014 bushels ; Indian corn, 10,749,359 bushels; oats, 2,242,1.71 bushels; 
barley, 745 bushels ; buckwheat, 103,671 bushels. The production of the same crops, aceordini; to the census of 1S40, was : 
wheat, 3,345,7S5 bushels; rye, 723,577 bushels; Indian corn, 8,238,036 bushels; oats, 3,534,211 bushels; barley, 3,591 
bushels ; and buckwheat 73,606 bushels. 

Other Food Crops. — Peas and beans, 12,816 bushels ; and potatoes — Irish, 764,939 bushels, and sweet, 208,993 bushels. 
The potato crops together in 1339-40, were 1,036,433 bushels. 

Mi^cellaneom C/*op5.— Tobacco, 21,407,497 (in 1S40, 24,816,012) pounds; hay, 157,956 (in 1840, 106,GS7) Ions; rtovcr- 
seed, 15,217 bushels ; other grass-seed, 2,561 busheVs ; iK'ps, 1.^70 pounds ; hem]>— <lew-rotted, 63 tons, and water-rotted, 
tons; flax, 35,6S6 pounds; flax-seed, 2,44G bushels; maple sugar, 47.740 pounds, and maple molasses, 1,430 gallons (nil 
from Alleghany County); wine, 1,4^31 gallons, etc. Value of orchard pro<iucts, $164,051 ; and of markct-gardc^i products, 
$200,869. 

Producfs o/^»/ma/.5.— Wool, 4S0.226 (in 1840, 4&S.201) pounds; butter, 3,806,160 pounds; and cheese. 8.975 pounds. 
Value of animals slaughtered during the year, $1,954,800* Silk cocoons were produced to the amount of 39 pounds ; and 
beeswax and honey to that of 74,802 pounds. 

Aggregate value of home-ynade manufiictiires for the year, $111,821. 

M<2}iuj'actures—Ciyp\Xv\ invested, $14,753,143; value of raw material, fuel, etc., $17,326,734; average hands employed, 
80,124— males 22.641, and females 7,483; average monthly exist of labor $614,556 — male $544,931. and female $69,625; 
annual value of products $82,477,702. The amount of capital invested in 1 840 was $6,450,2-^, and hence the manufacturing 
interests of Maryland have duplicated in the decade. 

The whole number of industrial establishments, manufacturing to the value of $500 and upward, on the 1st June, 1850, 
was 3,708, comprising 148 several pursuits, and of these 76 were agricultural implement fact^mes, 282 blacksmith shops, 464 
boot and shoe shops, 61 brick fields, 141 cabinet-ware factories, 234 carpenters' an<J builders' shops. 125 cigar factories, 265 
clothing shops, 52 coach, etc., factories, 99 coopers' shops, 21 curriers' shops, 16 distilleries, 33 cotton factories, 4^5 woolen 
factories, 5 forges, 10 brass founderies, and 18 iron founderies, 19 furnaces, 15 machine shops, 245 flour-mills, 147 grist- 
mills, 25 paper-mills, 118 saw-mtUs; mines— 3 coal, 3 copper, 1 gold, and 21 iron; 10 piano-forte factories. 12 plumbing 
shops, 71 saddleries, 24 ship-building yards, 116 tanneries, 83 wheelwright shops, etc., the remaining handicrafts being 
those common to every civilized country. The following table will show the details of some of the largest manufactures: 



Manufictures. 



Capitiil Tn- Value of Rnw Average Hnnds Montbly Cost Viilue of Anaual 

Vfsted. Uliiteridl, elc. Eniplnyed. ol l-abur. Produces, 



Boot and Shoe $297,965 $504,210 2,756 $50,264 $1,372,853 

Urick-kilns 2Sii,536 1^4,279 1,381 33,3:34 471,450 

Cabinet-ware 301,215 208,895 903 23,ii81 7o5,I75 

Clothing 625.940 1,327,481 5,298 70,616 2,662,127 

Distilleries 184,800 457,6:i8 .02 1,4:J5 o66,0G4 

Factories— Cotton . . 2,248,600 1,353,361 3,24" 88,112 2^21,396 

Wo*3len. 258,100 176,513 370 6.144 319,'.t40 

Forges— Iron 94,500 78.935 90 2,353 136.000 

Foundries " 253.100 230,562 555 15,444 515,363 

Furnaces " I,033,5ii0 576.225 1,351 26,071 1,048.250 

Machinery 257,500 120,843 45S 12,591 497,550 

Mills— Flour 1,833,460 4,126,324 502 9,055 4,918,576 

« Grist 264,150 432.583 185 2,806 639,689 

« Paper 134,300 118,668 186 2,4<)l 234,365 

« Rolling 196,000 210,564 175 5,015 232.531 

" Saw 195.350 185,630 304 5,1 91 399,773 

Mining— Coal 6(i5,ooo — 210 5,450 196,000 

" Iron 34,750 — 274 0,344 171.675 

ehip-building 164,000 273,985 673 20,722 832,100 

Tanneries 628.900 725,012 479 8,084 1,108,139 

In the cotton manufacture there were consumed 23,325 bales of cotton ; in the woolen manufacture, 430,300 pounds 
of wool ; and in the tanneries, 169.585 hi<les and 68,810 skins. 

Internal Conunumcation. — Maryland has projected and completed a magnificent system of railroads and canals. At 
an early period of its State history the necessity of opening communication with the west ami the interior was agitated, 
and in some measure the projects of that day were matured by opening the navigation of the Upper Potomac, and more 
recently by building the great national road west from Cumberland. These works, however, have been superseded by 
the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, extending from Alexandria in Virginia to Cumberland, 191 miles, and the Baltimore 
and Ohio Railroad, from Baltimoro to Wheeling, on the Ohio Itiver, 819 miles. These two great thoroughfares secure 
to the principal sea-port of the State a vast amount of "Western commerce, and open to the markets of the Kast the rich 
mineral deposits of Alleghany County, etc. The other great avenues within the State are the Philadelphia, "Wihuington, 
and Baltimore llailroad, the Balj-imore and Susquehanna Railroad, and the ■\V;ishingtnn llranch Railroad, etc.. which, 
with their external connections, communicate with every jjortion of tlie L'nion. Besides these there is a short canal and, 
railroad across the neck of the Delaware Peninsula, the canal being navigable for sltiops and barges, and also the Susque- 
hanna and Tide-water Canal. The total length of complett^'d railroad within Maryland in January, 1S53, was 544 miles, or 
in the proportion of 1 mile to every 18 square miles of its territory, or to every 1,072 inhabitants. 

Forei(fn Commerce. — In regard of foreign commercf, Maryland ranks fltth or sixth among the TTnitod States. Accord- 
ing to the report of the Register of the Treasury for the j-ear ending 3oth June, 1350, the total exports were valued at 
140 



MARYLAND. 



; . , „„„^,. . ,,ro,lMco was *C 5s;>,4Sl, ofwhiL-h the value of llial porcion carrii-.l in Ani.Ti,-;m ships 

^'^"Ifr^^ ::r.°nc^<n^ir^ 0^^296 an,l n.. value uf toreig,. produce w„. $«T,«T., .,f >vl,i.l> U^ 

^^^t'Zt^^^^'^or:^..o^ui:r.Uan,^^c.rn.^ in American ship, and $5HM5 of .bat ca.-n.d^ 

S::S^^r TL\i,a..tc. tonnage, and e.w, a "- ^^^.f:;; -P";''-^ 1, l^n^'vlt.^'^^^^ mIH;::; 
ZV,.™.... Ve.e,s4«™ IK^o^Jon.ancU.^^ 

2,VT0 men and boys: and ^''^^''^''^^'J'^" '-,-;'.,;;; 35,, ,.,..,,„ sO.oOG tons, and 3,Gfl5 men and boys; an.l foni,-n, llli 
S^;:J^™;::;a i:;^; me:■a:l^^^:"Tr:;;^;i:«^..n,;a .itUin t,. S,ate, . t.e date a^ove appea,.,,,., .as 
as follows : 



Registere-I. 



Distrirt-'i. 

Baliinwre — 

Oxford 

Vienna 

Snow Hill ... 
St. Marj's... 
Town (.reek. 
Amiapolis .. . 

Total . 



. CT.ilGl .. 



, 23.009 



Pfritt'l. 

..;.".dl'2 . 
. . I2,i1(i0 . 
..U941 . 
. . 9,-2Ji; . 
.. 2,148. 
. . 2,'J-JT , 



i»t I.iiensed. 
Teiiip'ry. 



(under Ji" tons.) 



Agprpgale 



. 149.019 . 

277 12.3*5 . 

.537 16,47S . 

2« S..^!! . 

42 2.K). 

_ 2.227 

23 2:<H . 



I'V ^le.ini. 

.. 13.115 



. C7.UtU 



. 2S,Cll9 10ll,.'il4 . 



. 1,9113 . 



. 193,11- 



lo.Jol 



Tl.e total amount of sliippins;l.ullt in the Slate. ,n the year end.n. 
of \i9K, tons, of which 10 were ships. 5 brigs, 1'25 schooners, and 
(11.6*5 tons) were built in Haltimore district, 31 schooners (1,.0S tons) 
26 schooners (990 tons) in Snow Hill. 

The following table exhibits the movements mlhc values of imports 
1791 and 1S50 inclusive : 

Imports 



: as above, w.as 15 vessels, of an asccretiate burden 
4 steamers; alul of the wtiole amount, 06 vessels 
in Oxford, 27 schooners {1,.>3:5 tons) in Vienna, and 



and exports fur a series of years embraced bet^^ 



Yr.rs. 

1791 . . 

1792 .. 

1793 . . 

1794 . . 

1795 . . 
1790 . . 
1797 . . 
17ns . . 
1799 . . 
ISiO ., 
ISill . 
1SI)2 . 

1503 . 

1504 . 

1505 . 
ISOG . 
1S07 . 
ISfiS . 
1S09 



Exports. 

. 12,2.39,691 . 
. 2,628,80S . 
. 3,665,056 . 
. 5,6S6,191 . 
. 6,811,380 . 
. 9,201,315 . 
. 9,sn.950 . 
. 12,746,190 . 
. 16,299,609 . 
, . 12,204,331 . 
.. 12.767,530 . 
.. 7,914,225 , 
.. 6,078,062 
.. 9,151,939 
. . 10.8.59,480 
. . 14,530,905 
. . 14,298,984 
.. 2.721,106 
.. 6,027,826 



Years. 
1811 . 
IS12 . 
Isl3 . 

1814 , 

1815 . 
1810 . 

1817 , 

1818 . 



Export'. 

. $0,833,987 . . . 

. 5,88.5,979 ... 

. 3,787,865 ... 

. 248,4:54 ,.. 

. 5.0.36.001 ... 

. T,3;3S,767 ... 

. 8,9.33.930 ... 

8,670,634 ... 



1819 6,920,210 

1820 6,009.3lU , 

li;21 8,8.50.394 . 

1822 4.530.790 

1823 6,030.228 



ISIO 6,459,013 



1824 . 
1S25 . 

1826 . 

1827 , 
1823 . 
1829 , 
18:50 



4,803.233 
4,501,304 

4,010,748 .. 

4,510,400 .. 

4.3:14.422 .. 

4.804.455 .. 

3,791,483 .. 



4,070,841 
4,792.480 
4,946,179 
4,,551,442 
4,751.815 
4,928,569 
4.405,703 
5,629,091 
4,804,135 
4,623,866 



Tears. 

18:51 . 
18.33 . 
1833 . 
1S:M . 
1*55 . 
KiO . 
1S37 . 
18:58 . 

1839 . 

1840 . 

1841 . 

1842 . 
184:5 . 

1844 . 

1845 . 
1^40 . 

1847 . 

1848 , 

1849 , 
1850 



Expnrl^. 
. $4,:508,647 . . 

, 4,499,918 .. 

. 4,062,407 .. 

. 4.168,245 ,. 

. 3,92,5,2:M .. 

. 3,67.5,475 .. 

. 3,789,917 .. 

. 4,.524..575 ,. 

. 4,670,561 .. 

. 5,708.708 .. 

. 4,947,166 .. 

. 4.904.760 .. 

. 5,01.5.,556 .. 

,. 6,1:53,166 .. 

.. 6,869,0.53 .. 

.. 6,869,055 . 

.. 9,702,244 . 

.. 7,139,752 . 

.. 8,000,000 . 

.. 6,9G7,:353 . 



Imports. 

$4,820,677 

4,029,308 

6,4:57,0,57 

4.tV17,48:j 

6,647,1.58 

. 7.131,807 

, 7,857.033 

. 6.701.869 

. 6,99,5.285 

, 4.910,740 

. 6.101,813 

. 4,417.(]73 

. 2.479,1.33 

. 3,917,7.50 

. 4,042,915 

. 4,043.915 

. 4,4:52.314 

. 5.:543,643 

. 4.970.7:51 

, . 0,134,201 



^««i-«.-The as^regate condition of 23 banks and 2 branch banks in Maryland, accordtn? to the reUtrts of Ja,™^^^^^^^^^ 
ISM were as foHmvs : Z;««„Y<7;e.^eapital $18,128,851, circulation $3,6:52,869, deposUs *f ^^ "*• f ";. °' 1 '^»' ^ 
$7903 206 and other liabilities $9,895; an.l «.«e^.-loans and discounts »14.9"".S«: f'«cks */«;«;■;:"' f'^'" 
i«5,2«, other investnrents $768, due by other b,<tuks $1,178,200, notes of other banks $9Go,,90, specte fund $.8,:^., and 

^■•'(^t *r«f-The present constitution of Maryland w., done in convention 1:5m ^a^, 1^51, raUfled^,y me people^ 
June, 1851, and went into operation 4th .July, 18.51. It supplanted the old const.tul.on "" ';^.;" ' f, '''^.^■° ^ Vt^l,;™ 
amended more than twenty times. This constit.ttion provides mat every free white .-"ale ".t"=™ ■ " ^^^ ■ ^^'^ • 
year, of aije, resident in me State one year, and in the county, town, or cty where his ^°'^ ' ""r^^"';' '^ ';„^'-;," "^ e 
next preceding the election, may vote. Citizens removing from one part o, the State «° "^^J " l";^'^^ 1 e' d "es! 
befori acquiring anomer. Persons convicted of giving-or receiving bribes, and persi.ns ^^'°^'"f .' f "^^ „hon pun^ 
an, forever disqualified to hold any office of trust or profit, or to vote at any election thercaft r, ™ ' ' ^^ 7;^' f J , , ™ 
ishable by fine and imprisonment. No citizen convicted of larceny or other n.f:imous crime, , nkss p.,rdoncd, 
lunatic or no. compos can vote. The general election is held on the ""'^"'"^'"^^V'J.f J,™'^'^,,,,,,,,,,, „„,, chosen 
The Le<,idature is composed of a Senate of 22 members, one from each county and *° ^ "J ^•■' , ; ^„„,,„ ^^ 
for four years, and a House of Delegates, composed of not le., than 05 .7^, ™- '^™ '^^"Vec v i^d i the.listrict 
two years from single districts. Members of bom houses mu»l have re ided m the >"»• j^'^ 'hrec y an., 
for which elected for the last year thereof, and Senators must be al least 2o, atid delegates la o^^ 
returns of each federal census are published, commencing vvith mat of 1850, the ^^"''^^ ^f^Z^Zll^^nni'^ ^^nd 
according to population, but Baltimore city shall always have fliur delegates !"'- ,">-' '^^^ „ S t e law unless 
no county shall have less man two members. After 1854 the sessions will be bicnma . N° bi'"»»'^ _, . .^^^^, _^^ ,_^,^ 

pa..s.xl by a majority of all the members elected, and on its final passage the "^^ ™'' ^";; ;" ^^,,, „, ^„„„,„,U on the 
shall take effect until the 1st .Tunc next aaer me session when it is passed. The Legislature me 
first "Wednesday in January annually. ^1 

H S 



MARYLAND. 



The Governor is chosen by a plurality of votes, and his term, commencing on the 2d "Wednesday of January, shall 
continue four years. He must be 30 years of age, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of the State for five years 
preceding his election, and three years a resident of the district from which he is elected. For the purpose of electing the 
Governor the State is divided into three districts, and he is elected from each successively. The first district comprises 
St Miiry, Charles, Calvert, Prince George, Anne Arundel, Montgomery, and Howard counties, and Baltimore City; the 
second <lisiriet, the eight counties of the Eastern shore, and the third district, Baltimore, Frederick, Washington, Allegliany, 
and Carroll counties. He is obligated to reside at the scat of government during liis official term. He may grant pcir-lons, 
l)ut not until aflrr a publication in the newspapers of the applications made therefor and the day when a hearing will be 
ha-l, and iw sliall report every case to the Legislature. In case of vacancy the President of the Senate, and after him the 
Speaker of the House of Delegates shall act as Governor until an election by the people. 

The udminintrative officers of the Slate are — a Secretary of State, apjtointed by the Governor to hold office during his 
term ; a State Treasurer and Comptroller, whose accounts the Governor is bound to examine semi-annually, or ofteiier if 
necessary; Commissioners of the Land Office, of Stamps, and of Public Works, and an Adjutant-general, the latter of 
which is appointed by the Governor, with the consent of the Senate, to hold office for six years. 

The Judiciary consists of a Court of Appeals, Circuit Court, Orphans' Court, etc. The Court of Appeals has appellate 
jurisdiction only ; the judges, four in number, are elected from districts by the voters therein for 10 years, imless they 
before reach the age of 70 years. They must be above 30 years of age, citizens of the State at least five years, resident of 
the judicial district from which elected, and have been admitted to practice in the State. The court appoints its own 
clerk, to hold office six years, and he may be re-appointed at tlie end thereof. The Governor, with the consent of the 
Senate, may designate any one of the four judges elected to be Chief Justice. The judicial districts are, Isl. — Allegliany, 
Washington, Frederick, Carroll, Baltimore, and Harford counties ; 2d — Montgomery, Howard, Anne Arundel, Calvert, St. 
Mary, Charles, and Prince George's counties ; 3d — Baltimore City ; and 4th — the eight counties of the Eastern shore. 
For the holding of circuit courts the Slate is divided into eight circuits, cacn of which elects a judge of the circuit court to 
hold office for 10 years. The circuits are, 1st — St. Mary, Charles, and Prince George counties; 2d — Anne Arundel, 
Howard, Montgomery, and Calvert counties ; 3d — Frederick an<i Carroll counties ; 4th— Washington and Alleghany 
counties; 5th— Baltimore city; 6th — Baltimore, Harford, and Cecil counties; 7th — Kent, Queen Anne, Talbot, and 
Caroline counties; and Sth — Dorchester, Somerset, and Worcester counties. The qualifleatioas of judges of the circuit 
courts are the same as those required for judges of appeals, except that they must be citizens of the United S-tates, and 
residents for two years in their judicial districts. There is in the Sth district a court of common pleas, with jurisdiction in 
civil cases between $100 and $500, and exclusive jurisdiction in appeals from justices of the peace in the city of wliieh it 
is composed ; and a superior court, with jurisdiction in cases over $500. Each of these courts consist of one judge, elected 
by the pe<'plc for ten years. There is also a criminal court, consisting of one judge, elected for six years. Clerks of Iho 
circuit courts in each county, and of the Baltimore courts, are chosen for six years, and are re-eligible. Each county, and 
Baltimore city, elects three persons as judges of the orphans' court, to hold office for four years; a register of wills for six 
years; justices of the peace, two sherifls, and constables for two years. Attorneys for the commonwealth are chosen in 
each county by the people for four years. The office of Attorney-general was abolished by the new constitution. The 
court of chancery will cease to exist on the 4th July, 1S53, having been granted tliat time to finish up its business. 

Among ihe provisions of the constitution are the following: "Teachers of religion, and those holding offices of profit 
under tlic State or United Slates, except justices of peace, are ineligible to the House of Delegates; two commissioners to 
revise and codify the laws of the State, and one or more to revise and simplify the practice, form of pleading, and con- 
veyancing, were to be appointed by the legislature at its first session ; persons any way engaged in any duel shall be for- 
ever incapable of holding any office of honor or trust in the State, and holders of public money are ineligible until they 
pay the same into the treasury ; the Assembly shall pass laws to protect and secure the property of married women ; im- 
prisonment for debt is abolished ; a reasonable amount of debtor's property, not exceeding in amount $500, is exempt 
from seizure ; the relation of master and slave, as now existing, shall not be altered by the legislature ; no bank shall be 
establisheil, except with the individual liability of' the stockholders to the amount of their shares; corporations shall not 
be created by special laws, except for municipal and other specified purposes ; private property shall not be taken for 
public use unless compensation be first paid or tendered ; the rate of interest shall not exceed six per cenL ; in all criminal 
cases the jury shall be judges of Ihe law as well as the facts; all officers, except the Governor, whose pay exccetls $3,000 
per annum, shall account for the excess under oath; after 1st April, 1S59, no lottery scheme shall be drawn nor ticket 
sold, and until that time the system shall be under a commissioner of lotteries; no debt shall be contracted exceeding 
$100,000, nor unless the act creating it shall provide for a tax sufficient to pay the interest as it falls due, and the i)rin<'ipal 
in 15 years, nor shall such taxes be repealed or applied to other purposes ; the credit of the State shall never be given nor 
lent, nor shall the State be any way concerned in internal improvements; the monies levied to pay the public debt shall 
never be diverted until the debt is paid, or until the sinking fund equals the outstanding debt 

At its first session after every federal census, the legislature shall pass a law to ascertain the sense of the people in 
regard to calling a convention to revise the constitution ; and if a majority vote therefor, a cxmvention shall be called at 
the earliest convenient day— the delegates to be ejected by the several counties, and Baltimore city, in proportion to their 
representatives at the time when the convention may be called. 

The militia of Maryland, according to the Adjutant-general's "return of 1S50, consisted of 46,SG4 men of all arms, of 
which 2.307 were commissioned officers, and 44,467 non-commissioned officers, nmsieiana, privates, and arliffoers; and of 
the commissioned officers, 22 were general officers, 63 general staff officers. M4 HeM ofik-ers, etc., and 1.7G3 company offi- 
cers. AH free white male persons between IS and 45 years of age, and not exempt by law. are liable to do military duty. 

J^ijtances. Puhlie Debt, etc. — The nominal debt of the State on the 1st Dcccml)er. 1850, amounted to $15,-124.3S1 46; 
but, deducting Baltimore and Ohio Railroad loan, $3,266,000, total county loan, $163,689 67, and Susquehanna and Tide- 
■water Canals loan, $1,000,000, otherwise provided for, the real <lcbt amounted only to $10,960,691 79. The sinking fund at 
the above date amounted to $2,000,726, and must be deducted from the debt to get the present liabilities of the Slate. To 
meet these liabilities, in addition to the procee<ls of a special annual lax, the State has $5,341,801 S4 in productive prop- 
erty, consisting of stocks, bonds, etc., find $15,910,013 17 in property not now productive. 

The balance in the treasury 1st December, 1S49, was $4ri4.892 96, and the receipts during the year were $1,227,986 24, 

being a total of resources for the year ending 1st December, 1S50, amounting to $1.712.S79 20; and the expenditures in 

the same year were $1,467,470 86, leaving a balance of $24'),40S 84 for future appropriation. The principal objects of &x- 

penditiirfi were— for Annapolis and Elridgo Uailroad $3,950 S3, civil officers $14,614 97, colleges, academics, and schools 

442 



MARYLAND. 



$21,S99. in,H,on. deaf and dumb ^^/^^'^'::^^Xl:^li^^, interest on public deb. $090,846 36, rodnnption 
tensions $6,679 6s, surplus revenue $.34,069 30, btatu ^ » "'"^ " ' warehouses $>1,961 "7. contn.sent expenses $9.*>3 4D, 
Ended arrears onn.ercst$500,6«9 »^,Sta..aobaceo mspe.Uonand,^^^^^^^^ ^^^.^^^ ^^_^ ,.^^^^^, ^,,.,,^5 ^ 

Ld miscellaueous expenses $21,172 94 ; an, ' ;■; *:;/^';" ;;VnU and forfeilures $5,032 80, licenses by county clerks 
railroads $129.S40 .30, bank dividends "•'^ '•"""V*',:^ 75 I'oUeries and slann-s on lottery tickets $.33,6:33 82. canal coui- 
«P7 835 03, roa.l stock dividends $46,490, stamps $o2,o,9 ''^ '"""'^ . ' J,^^., j4,i.,s6 24, on collateral inheritances 

p;i;f$.;V^i90, direct tax $43S,u36 ^S, taxes o,t State an ttyoBa,™^^^^^ , ,,,, 

$23,060 78, on commissions of executors an.l '^^^^:^^2<^ ^^^^ „„ eertain omcers $10,5.^,1 50, on c.vd co.nnns- 

Llranees $7,484 87, on policicsof '-X'" ^ « »%' ^^^ "•"'™^''''™ ^''''' '^' ""' ''"' '"'"^ '"'" 
Bions $7 "21 SO, and on incorporated institutions !),.o,siu 00, 

Baltimore $51,519 98. to taxation in 1850, according to the returns of the census of 

The assessed value of all real and personal es ite *''^;- ", '" '"^^^^^^^^ The assre-ate of all taxes assessed 

eix rc-presenlatives to the national legislature. „„ „,„„, suffldent for the amounl of population in 

BLuim.-Th, provisions for education m Mar> an , thou^i y ^ ^^_^^_^ ,^^,^ ^^__, .„ ,„„„„„„,. v.th 

,hc State, arc still very respectable. ^ .0 law - '■ r^-' ' ^ ^^,^.^,„ ., ,, ,^^,„^, on the itihabitan.s .0 es abl .h 
its provisions, the counties have been divided " " ^ ' ""^ '^' J ,^„ ,„„,„ies, however, have not yet complied «. h the 
and maintain schools for a c-rtain period "\ -, >,;"^^^.^. H* ted, and the prospect of future efficiency in a I that ,^r- 
,aw, but nevertheless there have ^^'^f^^^^^Z^, education in this State, as they existed 1st June, ls.0, 
tains t.> public schools is very promising. The means 01 <. = 

are reluriied in the census as follows: ^„„„„, i„,on,„ jo-j.^ooo-namely, income from 

1. Primary sehoote-number 923' '"''''7' 1''"*; ''''"„! .,7 4,^ „,Ki from other sources $79,5*3. 
e„dowment^$2,959, from taxation $75,296 fronipuwic.^^^^^^ ^_^^,,^^ ,,06,430-name.y, income from 

8. Colleges and universities-number l"- P"-"';^'™' ^^^ '!^^™ ',, ., „,,legiute institutions of the St.ate are-St John 8 
from pubhc funds $3,300, and from o'l'^-"';""'^,*"^;^ ,{;, ^'^u' in 17S4; It. Mary's College (Catholic), at Baltimore, 
College at Annapolis (formerly a branch of '« "!^^^ ^ , ' '^ X "oundei 1842; Mount St. Mary's College Catlii le) 
founded 1SU5 ; St. .Tames" Conege (l^iiscopal), in Jaslnn t„ & ^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^.^^ ^^^^^^ ^^ the University, at 

at Emmettsburg, founded 1830 ; ^ asliingOn C'^oge, at ^^^^'''""^^ore, founded 1827, etc., etc. 

Baltimore, founded 1807 ; Wa.sliington ^^^''-'^"'■'f'^iyl^^ any part of the year, was 60.417, of which 

Tlie whole tmrnbcr of whit, children ^^1'° f'^'fj^^"" ™';"e colored children was 1,610, of which 880 were rja es, 
Ro Hi were malea, and 28.233 females ; and the total number ""'« P° ,,uj,,bored 60,386, and those of foreign birth 1,0,9. 
^nd^o'iales. Of all classes, amounting to C2,ti6t. hose of nam 

bf those Classed, "adults w.ho can not r^a,, or writ t^ ^ - ^^^ ^^,^ number of white persons ot th. 

the fl-ee colored numbered 21,002— J,4— o...n.,.i 

cl.a.«s, 17,364 were native born, an.l 3,451 f-reigners _ 32^-223,455 volumes ; school libraru-s S- 

i,7„-o,/e«.-rublic libr.aries 1 , -!''»™^|,'>^;;t;,*"!'^Xg:Ubraries 1(^,792 volumes; and church hbranes ^ 
6,335 volumes; Smiday-school libraries 84-28,315 volumes, 

1,850 volumes; total 449 libraries, and fl".«\;;f';'{;,^;. ^^„j ,„ Marylttnd in 1850 was OS, circulating at each issue an 

Pm«t?;«,ZP/v.5S.-Tliewh,,le number of periodicals publishcu in » political-22 whig in principle, 

.fftrc-ite of 124,287 copies, and annually 19,613,i24 copies. » . "''^ ""™" ^ . 20 were miseellaneoui^71.00U copies; 
:fri algateack issue\9,172 copies ; .and 17 demoeratic^jrcu^^^^^^^^^^^ 

6 r,-ligiou:-13.950 copies ; 1 ngricultural^,oOO <^»r>'js U ^'J™' , f l^^ ,ri.weekly-499,700 copies; 54 weekly-S.lOO.lM 
number 6 were published daily, and issued ^^^^^^^ ^^,,.,uj^e^ pubhshed in Baltimore ci.y-tho 
copies; lsemi-monthly^8.000 copies; atidSnonU 4-^^^^^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^,,, „„^ ,„, ..german Orrespond.-iit;^ 

" Sun •' the " Clipper," the " American," the 1 .itr ot, tne uei ^^a„ „( Ibe " B. Herald," are editions of tho 

th' ";•-,««,>., are also published solely iti «^;1 ^r'!"^;, '^ ^ Argu " the uwW<V. are publlshed-3 a. Cumber- 
dailies, viz, : the " American." the " F^tnot," and »- ^'^P^'^^-'^^^^.ith'ar; editio.is of dailies, namely, of the; Sum- 
land ; 2 at Annapolis ; 1 at Ellicott s Mi Is ; a IJ"''™" ;• '° ,, ^ at Washington ; 2 at Elkton ; 1 at Port T,> 
of the " Clipper," of the " Patriot," an,l of the l-^P"";''^'^ "^toetin ; 1 at Emmettsburg ; 1 at Havre de Grace ; 1 at 
bacco- 1 at Denton; 2 at Cambri.lge; 5 at I^i^^'^r"^'". J ", ,^,^,;! .1 , Cenlreville ; 1 at Princess Anne ; 1 at Leonards- 
B^Air; latCharlestown; latP.ockville;la LPP^^^^^^^^ ^'^t S,,,,,l„„, ,„e semi-mon.hiy-the 

town ; 2 at Easton ; 1 at Boonsboro ; 1 at ^ '«"■-» ; . , t^^, turee montldies also at Baltimore. 

Lutheran Christian Messenger, ^as P""'^ '^'^J\,^;tra, rel^ious denominations in the State, in 1850, which are taken 

midioMS Deno,„!natwM.~Tbe statistics of ht several (, 
from the census returns of th.at year, were as follows. _ _ ^ ^_^_^_^ n.„„„,i„a. N„. of 



linns 



Nn. of 
Cliunlies. 

BaptUt 4S ., 

Chrislian — — - 
Congrefriit'l.. — ■ 
DuicU lief. . . — . 
Episcopal.... 133 . 

Free — . 

Friends 26 



Clmrcli Vi*lue of 
acf.m. Proiierty. 
IG.SOO ..$13-2,810 



60,105 .. 610,STT 



Denomina- Ko. of 

tioio. Clnircliea 

German Ref. 22 . . 

Jewish 

Lulheran.. 
Mciinonite. 
MetliodisU. 
Moravian 



,. 42 . 
.. 4 . 
..479 . 
. . 12 



7,760 - . 114,050 I Prialjylerian 57 . 



Clinrrh 

acrniii. 

14,800 . . 

1,400 .. 

20,800 . 

850 . 

181,715 . 

6,350 . 

23,235 . 



Value of 
Pr.'i'.'rty. 

$197,800 

41,000 

287,950 

2,000 

837,665 

32,500 

. 378,300 



Deoomina. t 
l„.,.s. CI, 

P.. Catholic.. 
Swedeubo'n. 

Tunker 

Union 

Unitarian.. . . 
Universalisl.. 
Minor Sects. 



65 

G .. 

10 .. 

1 .. 

1 .. 



, 31,100 ..$1,161.5*^ 



14,100 . 

4.2.50 , 

l,0O0 . 

1,000 , 



8.400 
13,1100 

loi.ooo 

26.000 



delidi'ia, Pittsburg, Charleston, Savannah, Fachmond, and ^^ heelin,. 



443 



MARYLAND. 



Paiipfri^in and Cri tue.—Thc whole number of paupers who receivetl sujiport within the year ending 1st June, 1S50, was 
4.494— '2,r»91 n:itive-born, and 1,00;3 forei-rners ; and the whole number of paupers in tlie Stiite, at that pt-riod, was 2,001 — 
1,GS1 nativi'-bnrn, and 320 foreigners. Annual costof sujipirt $71.G6S. The whole number of criminals convieted within 
the stmie year was 207 — 1S3 native-born, and 24 Ibrt-ignL-rs ; and the number in prison on the 1st June, 1S50, was 39T — 
325 native-bom, and 72 foreigners. 

llifitoincal ^iytch.—Kcnl Island was the site of the first white settlements within the limits of Maryland. In 1631, 
■William Claiborne commenced a colony on this island. But the charter under which Maryland was permanently established 
was granted to Cecilius, Lord Calvert, second Loni Uallimore, by Charles I., and bears date 20lh June, ir>y2. TIk- name 
Tt-rra Maria;, or Maryland, was givt-n it in honor of IK-nrictta Maria, queen of the rtdgniug monan-h. The first settlers, 
chiefly Roman Catholics, sailed from the Isle of Wight, 22d November. 1038, and landed on the island of St. CleraL-nt, 
25lhMari'h. 1034, and immediately took possession of the country with religious ceremonies. Onthe2Jth, they commenced 
a settlement ou the main land, at St, Mary's ; and this is counted the date of the foundation of the colony. These settlers 
of Maryland were refugees from ecclesiastical tyranny; and have been denominated by historians the "Pilgrims of St. 
Mary's." The first governor was Leonard Calvert. The first legislature convened in 1639, and adoptetl many w ise and 
useful laws. Tobacco had already become so important a staple, that it was deemed expedient to tax its exportation, as a 
source of revenue. The great revolutimi in England now began; the proprietarj' was a Catholic and adherent of Iho 
king, and a congregation of Puritans, from Virginia, who had been expelled as non-conformists, in 1643, having settled in 
Maryland, now attempted to gain ascendancy in (he government, and to some extent succeeded ; but they were overthrown 
again in 1040. In 1649, the Assembly passed that noble act of religious toleration, which threw the mantle of charity over 
all, and in the benefits of which Catholic, Quaker, and Puritan, participated, for all hud experienced the rigors of persecution. 
Monarchy having been overthrown in England, the Puritan power rapidly increased, and again the proprietary was for a 
lime suspended. In 1654, Lord lialtimore made eff'orts to regain the colony, and succeeded; but scarcely had he resumed, 
the reins of government when the Puritans again dejjosed him, and for the s])ace of three years thereafter the peace of 
the colony was compromised by excesses on both sides. During this periotj the Puritans were eoDcenlrated at Providence, 
now AanapoUs, which they considi-rctl the actual seal of government, although St. Mary's continued to be the nominal 
capital. The power of the proprietary' was now restored, and Philip Calvert, his brother, was appointed governor. In 
1600, twenty-six years from the foundation of the colony, the population of Maryland was about 12,000; in 1005, it was 
16^000; and in 1671, it had increased to 20,000. The extension of political organization had kept pace with jwpulation. 
Up to this period, seven counties had been founded, but there were no considerable towns. Importations supplied tho 
place of domestic manufactures, except such as were made in the families of the settlers. Mention of negro slaves is first 
made in the laws of Maryland in 1003, but it is probable that slavery existed in the colony antc-riorly to that time. In 
1071, an act was passed to encourage their importation. Philip Calvert was superseded iu 1662, as governor, by Charles, 
eon of the Lord Pr.ipriet,'iry, who acted iu that capacity until 1675, when, on the death of his father, he succeeded to his 
rights, and appointed Thomas Notely as his representjitive. On the occurrence of the Revolution, in 16SS, the king assumed 
the government, and in 1791, appointed Sir Lione Copley governor. Among the first acts of the new government was 
the removal of the capital from St. Mary's to Providence, thenceaftcr known as Anna|)0li3. The govenimejit was .igain 
restored to the family of the proprietary, iu 1715. At this period, the i>opulation was estimated at 30,000, and the almost 
exclusive staple of production was tobacco. Before 1007, the colonists had been without manufactures of their own ; but 
in that year an efibrt had been initiated to make woolen and linen cloths. Every attempt of this kind, however, was 
closely watched by the English government, and hence these effoils to supply a domestic manufacture either failed at onee, 
or languished out a sickly existence. In 1714, Charles, Lord Baltimore, died, and his son, Benedict Leonard Calvert, 
succeeded to the province, but lived only long enough to have his rights acknowledged. The principal obstacle to tho 
recognition of the claim of this family was now removed, for the young heir had been educated a Protestant. In 1715, 
therefore, the authority of the ])ropritlary was restored, and a commission in his name was issued to Hart, the l.ist of the 
g(>vemors appointed by the king. From this period i ntil the breaking out of ihe French war, in 1753, the history of 
Maryland is not marked by any great event. Its local annals are filled with relations of contentions between the proprietary 
and the people — the one struggling to maintain his hereditary privileges, and the other to establish dieir liberties. Iu all 
these struggles are discernible the germs of the lievolution of 1776. In 17^K), Maryland contributed 500 men and £7,500 
to tlie disastrous expedition against the Spanish Main. A noble fieet of nearly 100 vessels, inelu<ling 30 ships of the line, 
commanded by Admiral Vernon, and an army of 12,000 men, under General Wentworlh, assembled at Jamaica, in 1741. 
"With this imposing force, a descent was made on Cartagena, which was rendered abortive rather by the malignity of Ihe 
climate than the prowess of the enemy. It w.ts calculated that nine out of ten of these levies perished in this most fatal 
enterprise. The province, in ]74S, contained about 130,000 inhabitants, of whom 94,000 were white, and SO.out) colored 
persons. In 1745, the first, and for a long time the only newspaper in the colony, the " Maryland Gazette," was published 
at Annapolis, but a printing press had been set up some forty years before this, for printing the laws and public doetiments. 
In 1750, the number of inhabitants was computed at 154,183, exhibiting the very satisfactory -increase of 24,1S8, or about 
1S.6 per centum in eight years. 

The development of tho resources of the province had perhaps hardly kept pace with this advancement of population. 
The policy of England continued to be rigorous in the discouragement of domestic manuf ctures. and its repressive meas- 
ures were not without effect. Meanwhile the legislature of the province offered bounties iu Ian .1 for tlie erection of fiour- 
niills, iron furnaces, and forges, and otlicr works of industry, and its efforts succeeded to a considerable extent. In 1749, 
there were in the colony eight furnaces and nine forges. In 1742, copper works were in operation. The great staple 
export, however, was tobacco— in 1747, 5,000 hogsheads were exported. For many purposes tobacco was the currency 
of the province, ancl in certain years the great depression in the price of this article drew out the specie of the colony to 
meet the balance accming in its foreign trade. The government sought to remedy this evil by an issue of bills of credit, 
wrhich experimcnl, of course, proved unavailing. In 1732, tobacco was made a legal tender at one penny pir pound. an<I 
Indian corn at 20 pence a bushel ; but the issue of paper money continued, even after this expedient, to supply the place 
of a safe and convenient currency. 

The boundary disputes of Maryland with the adjoining provinces have become somewhat famous among controversies 
of that kind ; the most celebrated was that which concerned her northern and part of her eastern frontier, and which 
resulted in the establishment of "Mason and Dixon's Line." This dit^pute had an even date almost with the original 
grant to Lord Baltimore. His grant, it was contended, covered all the territory bordering the Atlantic ami Pelawaro 
Bny, between 83° and 40^ N. lat., including the whole of the present State of Delaware and a considerable strip ofPenn- 
444 



MARYLAND. 



svlvania; but Ihis portion of his grant was at tlie lime occupied by selllementa of the Swedes, who were subsequently 
ciinqnt-re'd by tlie Dutch. AlVr the hitter were dispossessed, the territory wrested from Ihcm was conferred by a spcci.-d 
crant from tlie Dul;c of York, in 16^-2, upon William Tcnn. A decree was obtained in 1GS6 by Pcnn, confirming lo him 
the bouiuiaries named in his grant; but the proprietary of Maryland refused to submit, and from this time to 1732 the 
dispute was the cause of almost ceaseless miration between the rroprietarics of the two colonies, and of violence and 
outrage im the border. At length, in consequence of a decree in chancery in favor of the heirs of William Penn, granU-d 
in ireo. commissioners were a|ipointcd to determine and mark the line mentioned in the decree of 1CS5. The ■• scicntiflc 
gentlemen ' employed in this importtuit service, probably the chief surveyors, were Messrs. Mason and Dixon, from whom 
this celebrated boundary received its name. They began at the angle formed by tlio intersection of the boundary hue 
between Delaware and Maryland with that between I'ennsylvania and Maryland, and proceeded we^tward 1-3U miles, 
when their operations were suspended by fear of hostilities from the Indians. At the end of every mile they .set up a 
stone, w ilh the letter '• P" and the arms of the Penns engraved on the n.irth side, and '■ M," with the escutch.'on of Lord 
Baltimore, on the south. In ITSi-S a continuation wtvs made ..f •■ Mason and Dixon's line" to its western Icrminns : tins, 
however, was looked upon as a mere temporary arrangement, and the controversies and recriminations conlirmed : and 
complaints were made to the Governor of Vir-inia, who appealed to the Supreme Execmive C.uncil of Pennsylvania to 
come into some arrangement to elTect a pernianeiil and acknowledged boundary. "For this desirable purpose each 
Stale selected ihe best and most suitable men wilhin ils reach, so that their work, when conqileted, would merit and 
receive entire confidence in its accuracj." The commissioners on tlie part of Pennsylvania were David P.ittenhouse. John 
Ewing, and Captain llutchins; those on the part of Virginia were Andrew Ellieolt, Rev. -James Madison, Pvev. P.oberl 
Andrews, and T. Page. They performed the duty assigned them in Ihe fall of 1784. The line having been thus carried 
lo ils western terminus, it only remained to run a meridian line from that point to the Ohio Kiver to close this long-pro- 
tracted controversy. This task was committed to Messrs. P.ittenliouso and Porter, on the part of Pennsylvania, and 
Andrew Ellicott and .Joseph Nertlle on that of Virginia. They entered on their work in May, 17S5, and on the iSd August 
they had made a final report, locatingthe wcslern boundary of Pennsylvania, as now acknowledged, from the south-western 
corner of the State to the Ohio Paver ; for Virginia had no special interest in extemliiig the line further norlh, having 
finally relinquished in favor of the general government her claims lo territory norlh and west of Ihe Ohio the year before. 
In the contest which annihilated French dominion in America Maryland bore a gallant part. Eradilock's unfortimale 
expedition against Fort Duquesne was organized in this province, and marched from Frederick in the spring of 1751. 
After the defeat and death of this general a fearful iianic pervaded the fronlier region of all the Middle Slates, and ex- 
tended in Maryland even to the Bay Shore. Numbers of the inhabitants fled lo Baltimore, and even prepared lo leave 
the country allogethcr. From this lime until the caplure of Fort Duquesne in 175S. the western part of Maryland was 
kept in conslanrterror, and of course the incidents of the war fully occu|.icd the altention of the people and the public 
aulhorities. The progress of population during these years of Indian warfare was necessarily slow. The inhabitants in 
1701 numbered 164.007, of whom 114,332 w-ere whiti's, and 49.075 slaves, showing an increase for live years following 1750 
of somewhat less than 10,000. The relative increase was but liltle over half as great as that of the preceding live years. 
The extension of settlements toward the west was also suspended during the war. 

From the conclusion of the French war until the commencement of the P.evolution, the history of Marjdnnd, like that 
of most of the other colonics, is a narrative of usurpations upon public liberty allempted by the royal government and 
resisted by the people. In 1765, the stamp act, and afterward the tea tax, excited general indignation and hostility. 
The most violent opponents of these measures took the name of " Sons of Liberty." As the contest drew toward the 
issue which had been inevitable from the beginning, the PropricLary government fell, a.s a matter of course, giving place 
liT local and general committees of safely, and to conventions assembled in the name of the people, to supply the want of 
a more reguUir aulhorily. The war, which had long been expected, and for w liich great preparations were made, com- 
menced with the desult.>ry flght at Lexington. IDlli April, 1775. 

The EcTolution having now fairly commenced, elections were held throughout the province in August, 1776. for dele- 
gates to a convention to Ihime a Constitution and Stale Government. This body assembled August 14tli. and by the lOlh 
September a bill of rislib and a constitution were reported. On the Sd November the consliliui.jn was adopted in coii- 
veulion. and elections ordered to carry it into effect. The system of government established by Ibis first otinslilulion of 
Marylaiid was republican, and as nearly democratic as the state of public opinion of that day, and the circumstances under 
which it was .adopted, gave rctison to expect. 

The elections took place in November, as provided for in the conslilution, .ind the legislature convened at Aniiap .lis on 
the 6lh February, liTT. On the 131h February Thomas .Johnson was chosen first conslitiitional governor of M.irj land. 

Throughout the P.evolutionary War Ihe serviees of the Maryland troops were marked by gallanlry and effieieiicy. In 
the first considerable action after that of Bunker's Hill, the '■ Maryland line'' signalized its valor an.l took a high position 
among the several corps of the cmilinental army. They were under the commaiid of Col. Wm. Smalhvood, who after- 
ward became a major-general, and one of Ihe most distinguished officers whose achievements in the struggle illustrate the 
bravery of his native state. In the batlle of Long Island, and in those of Harlem Height.s. White Plains, an.l F..rt Wash- 
ington, the Maryland regiments were conspicuous for their courage and discipline ; nor were they less so in the mem.ir;l- 
ble actions at Trenton and Princeton. With the excepri.ai of aeli.ms in the campaign against Burgoyne, in.lecl. tlicrc 
was no prominent batlle of the war. from BrooklMi Il.ighls to Yorktown, in which the Marylandcrs did not take an 
active part; and un.ler every commamler— Washinglon. La Fayette, Dc Kalb, an.l Greene— they earned special notice 
and applause for gallantry an.l good conduct. The number of troops furnished by Marylan.l during the war was 15.2'iO 
regulars, and 5,40T militia ; and the expenditures of the Stale amt.unted lo $7,56s,145 in specie, a large porli..n ..f which 
was raised by Ihe sale of confiscate.! British property wilhin the Slate. 

On the 23d December, 17s3, the brilliant drama of the P.evolution was closed by Washington's resignation of his com- 
mission. This event took place at Annapolis, in the presence of Congress, the Stale legislature, many officers who had 
seric.l through the war. and a crow.l of ileeply interested spcctaKirs. The ceremony constitutes a se. lie in our hisl<.ry 
second in solemnity and importance only to the reading of the Declaration of In.lependence. 

The Federal Constitution was readilv and hcarlily adopted by Maryland. The convenli.m that acc-|.le.l it on lli.- part 
of the State met on the 21st April. 1788, and adjourned on the 28tli, having .agreed to the instrument, without reserv ala.n 
or amendment, by a vote of 63 to 11. . 

From this period lo the war of 1812, the history of Maryland presents nothing calling f.w special notice. During that 
war Admiral Cockburn, commanding the Brilish imval forces, commilled on the .shores of Chesapeake Bay a series of 

445 



MARrLAND. 



wanton outrages ngainst the property anil persona of the citizens. In the spring of 1513 the villages of Frenchtown, Havre 
dc Grace, Frederiektown, and Georgetown, were plundered and burned by his orders, and in August, 1S14, occurred the 
expedition of General Ross against tJic city of 'Washington. Cockburn, since the opening of the preceding year, liad been 
cruising about the bay and the mouth of the Potomac with four ships of the line and six frigates; in the course of the 
summer he was largely re-enforced, and in August a landing was effected at Benedict, on the Patuxent, some Ihirty-flve 
miles south-east of Washington. The land force was under the command of General lioss, and was 5,000 strong. It 
proceeded toward Washington ; the militia of Maryland and of the District assembled under General Winder to oppose 
their march ; but the Americans were in no condition to resist their numerous and well disciplined enemies. Tlie army 
retired to Bladensburg, and was re-enforced by General Stansbury with 2,100 Maryland troops, including the sailors and 
marines of Commodore Barney. At this point it was resolved to risk an action in defense of the national capital. The 
result of the conflict that ensued was not fortunate to the American arms. 

The British gained a complete victory, though at a cost of life much greater than the loss sustained by the Americans. The 
vicl^^rs marched on to Washington, occupied the city as long as they thought advisable, and then returned to their ship- 
ping at Benedict They, however, suUied the laurels which their daring and successful expedition might have gained for 
them by an act of Vandalic barbarism to wliich the annals of modern warfare among civilized nations hardly furnishes a 
parallel. Wl.i' *-fa secure possession of the seat of government, they Ijurned and destroyed the Capitol, the president's 
house, the^*''' tfS'of the treasury, war, and navy, all the national records accessible to them, the public library, an<l other 
property be.'Higing to the public and individuals. Their loss in this expedition is said to have been four hundred in killed 
and wounded, and five hundred prisoners. At nearly the same time Alexandria was occupied and plundered, or laid 
under tribute. The remaining principal incidents of the war particularly belonging to the history of Maryland, are the 
battle of North Point and the defense of Baltimore. The British forces engaged at North Point numbered 5,000, and were 
under General Ross. He was killed in a skirmish between parties of the advance immediately before the battle. The 
Americans were commanded by General Striker, who had under his command 3,200 men. The result of the engagement 
was unfavorable to the invaders, though the American general judged it prudent to retire toward Baltimore. The Brit", h 
lost about 400 men, and the Americans about half that number. The battle of North Point was fought 13th Sept., ISl .,,^ a 
the evening of next day the enemy commenced a bombardment of Fort M'llenry, the work chiefly relied upon for the de- 
fense of the city. The attack was gallantly repelled, and the failure of the operations during the night, which were con- 
ducted by land and water, was so complete that a day or two after the land forces were taken on board the shipping, an4 
all attempts against Baltimore were abandoned. On the ICth of the month the hostile fleet was seen standing down the bay. 

From the eariicst period the condition of the African race in Marjland had attracted much attoutiun. By gradations, 
which there are now no means of tracing, this class of the population had attained in 1T90 the number of 111,079, of which 
S,043 were free, and 103,036 were slaves. The tendency of public opinion in this State, for many years subsequent to the 
commencement of the Revolution, seemed favorable to emancipation, and its effect was perceived in the gradual increase 
of free blacks. It was shown by the census of 1800 that the free colored had gained 11,544 during the preceding ten 
years, equal to 143 per centum, while the slaves had increased only 2,599, or about 2i per centum. The decennial census 
from this period exhibited an equally remarkable increase of free negroes and decrease of slaves, so that from 1790 to 1850 
the free negroes had increased 821 per centum, and the slaves had decreased more than 12 per centum. The decennial 
movement is shown elsewhere. But during the first twenty years of this period there had been a small increase of slaveSj 
BO that for the next thirty years to 1S40 the falling off had been 21.765. or about 19 per centum ; which decrease, if sus- 
tained, would have extirpated slavery in Maryland in a very short time; but owing to various circumstances in the 
history of the times, the policy of emancipation, without a provision for the removal of the persons whose condition was 
affected by i-t, began to be looked upon with disfavor, and a provision was inserted in the constitution of 18^30, declaring 
"That the relation of mast^^r and slave in this State shall not be abolished, unless a bill for that purpose shall be passed 
by a unanimous vote of both branches of the General Assembly, be published three months before a new election, and be 
unanimously confirmed by a succeeding Legislature." Thns was checked effectually the disposUion to public emancipa- 
tion ; but individuals continued to exercise it, and the prevalence of this desire to confer freedom upon slaves gave 
occasion to the institution of the American Colonization Society about the year 1S19; a branch of the association was 
csLiblished in Maryland, but in order to obviate certain features in the organization and proceedings of the General 
Society not acceptable to the friends of colonization in this State, it was determined to establish an independent colony ia 
Africa for the blacks of Maryland. The Legislature extended its fostering care to the enterprise, and an annual ajjpro- 
priation of $20,000 was allowed to the Society, which is yet continued. The Maryland colony has flourished, having now 
a considerable trade, and being visited at statetl periods by regular packets from Baltunore. 

ANTfAPOLis is the poUtical capital of the State. 



Maryland, t. and p. t., Otsego county, JV; T.: C3 ra. 
W. i 9. Albany. Drained by Schenevas cr. and its branches. 
Surface varied, in some parts mountainous; soil rich and 
fertile, with excellent pasturage. The v. is situate centrally 
on the Albany and Ithaca post-road, and contains several 
mechanic shops, saw-mills, etc. Pop. of t. 2,152. 

Maryland Line, p. o., Baltimore co., Md.: on the N. 
line of the State.aud the Baltimore and Susquehanna R.i:., 
52 m. N. Annapolis. 

Mauysville, p. city, and cap. Tuba co., Calf. ; on the N. 
bank of Tuba r., 93 m. N. N. E. Vallejo, It contains the 
court-house and clerk's office, 6 hotels, a number of mills, 
and some stores and shops. A steamer plies <laily between 
this city and Benecia, touching at Sacramento. There are 
two newspapers printed here, the " California Express," and 
" Marysville Herald." both tri-weekly and weekly issues. 
The population of Man'sville is between 7,000 and 8,000. 

Mauysville, p. v., and cap. Union co., Oliio: 25 m. 
N. W. Columbus, on the S. side Mill cr., a branch of the 
446 



Scioto r. It contains a court-house, jail, and neveral dwell- 
ings. The " Tribune" (whig) is imblished here. Pojiula- 
lion 605. 

Mauystillb, p. o., Paulding co., Ga. : 127 m. N. W, 
Millcdgeville. 

Mauysville, p. v., and cap. Blount co., Tenn. : on a 
branch of Pistol cr., 15 m. S. Knoxville, and 157 m. E. S. E, 
Nashville. The v. contains the county court-house and 
other public buildings, also the South-western Theological 
Seminary (founded in 1821), and which had (in 1850) 2 
professors. 24 students, and 90 graduates, with a library 
containing 6,000 volumes. Pop. of the v. about GOO. 

Makvsville. p. v., and cap. Benton co. Oreff. : on the W. 
side of Willamette r., at the mouth of Mary's r, 82 m. S. S. W. 
Salem. The village site is prairie, which extends 6 or 7 ra. 
norlliward ; but timber is plentiful on the rivers. The mouth 
of Mary's r. may be considered as the head of navigation 
above tlie falls at Oregon City, owing to rapids which 
steamers stem with great difficulty. 



MAR 



MAS 



Makysville, p. v., Campbell co., Virg. : on N. side of 
Staunton r., 103 m. W. 3. W. Kiclmioud. 

Marysville, p. v.. Benton co., la. : in the N. E. part of 
CO.. 5 m. S. Cedar r., 35 m. N. W. Iowa City. 

Makyville, p. v., Nodaway co., Mo.: on W. side of One 
Hundred and Two r., 194 m. N. W. Jefferson City. 

Masarws, t. and p. o., Aroostook county, Me. : 171 m. 
N. N. E. Augusta. Drained by St. Croix, or Masardis r. 
and its branches. Surface varied ; soil good, with flue 
timber lands. Pop. of t. 122. 

MASCoirjAii, p. v., St. Clair co., ///..• 01 m. S. by ^V. 
Springtield, on the edge uf a fertile prairie, 2 m. E. 
SUver cr. 

Mashapaug, p. o., Tolland county, Conn, : 19 m. E. 
Eartfurd. 

M^^^oN C'.'unly, PL Siluate "W. cctitrnlly, and contains 
46iS sq. m. It has Illinois r. on the W.. and the Sanfjamon 
and Salt or. on the S., occupying the tongue of land bLlween 
them. Surface undulating; si'il vltv fertile ; the largest 
part is prairie, and the lowest parts subjt'ct to inundation. 
Corn, wheat, an<V most grains yield largely, and parts are 
excellent pasture. Farms 727; manuf. 3; dwell. l.OJl, and 
pop.— wh. 5,893, fr. col. 2:3— total 5,921. Otpittil: Bath. 

Mason county, Kij. Situate N. E., and contains 194 sq. m. 
Di led S. by Johnson's cr. and NiTth Lick, branches of 
LiL .g r., and N. by small affluents of the Ohio, which 
forms its N. boundary. Surface various; soil of great fer- 
tility. Tobacco, flax, hemp, corn, and wheat are all large 
products. Kye, oats, and potatoes are good crops. Great 
numbers of sheep and swine are reared, and pork is a large 
export. It has superior facilities for commerce and manu- 
factures, and the latter are very extensive, consisting of cot- 
ton and woolen goods, flour, leather, liquors, earthen-ware, 
cordage, bagging, iron castings, etc. Most of the im- 
ports and exjiorts of the N. E. part of the State reach the 
Oliio through this co. Farms SsS ; manuf. 221 ; dwell. 2,42-3, 
an<l pnp.— wh. 13,G75, fr. cul. 3S.5, si. 4,2S4— total 1^1,344. Cap- 
ital : Washington. Puhlia Worku : Maysville and Lex- 
ington R. E., Maysville and Big Sandy R. R. 

Mason county, Mich. Situate W. on Lake Michigan, 
and contains 504 sq. m. Drained by Memoosic, Sable, and 
Kotipecago rivers. This co. is little settled and unorgan- 
ized, visited only or mostly by lumbermen in quest of the 
fine limber with which it is densely covered. Farms 0; 
manuf. 5; dwell. 12. and pop.— wh. 93, fr. col. — total 93. 

Mason county, Virff. Situate "W., an<l contains 372 



sq. m. Bounded N. and W. by the Ohio, and intersected 
by the Great Kanawha, which receive a few small streams 
in the CO. Surface hilly ; soil very productive, and excellent 
pasture land. Corn is the staple crop. Superior wheat is 
raised in moderate quantities. It has good water-power, con- 
venient markets, several valuable salt-springs, and some coal. 
Farms .'jGS ; manuf. ; dwell. 1,151, and pop.— wh. G,S43, fr. 
col. 49, si. G47.— total 7,539. Capital : Point Pleasant. I'nb- 
lie Workti: Covington and Ohio R. U. 

Mason, p. v., Ingliam co., Mich. : on a branch of Willow 
cr., 13 m. S. by E. Lansing. It has several buildings, and 
about 300 inhabitants. 

Mason, t. and p. v., Ilill.sboro co., K. ITamp.: 33 ra. S- 
Concord. Drained by Souhegan r. and several small 
streams. Surface rugged and hilly ; sod strong and dcep^ 
but stony, well adapted to grass or grai The streams 
afford motive power to several mills. Mast. ' "ge, at the 
terminus of the Petersboro' and Shirley K. R., N. part of 
I., is the seat of a numb'jr of cotton and woolen manufacto- 
ries, and other handicrafts. Pop. of 1. 1,226. 

Mason, p. o., Warren co., Ohio: 71 m. S. W. Columbus. 

Mason Hall, p. o., Orange co., N. Car. : 45 m. N. "W. 
Raleigh. The North Carolina Central E. R. pa.sses it. 

Masonic College, Marion co., Mo. : 12 m. W. Palmyra. 
The college was founded in 1831— in 18.30 it had a president, 
5 professors, and 45 students. It has also a good librarj". 
This was originally a manual labor establishment, and owns 
a large tract of highly improved farming land. 

Mason's Gbo^t;, p. o., Madison co., Tenn. : on the S. fork 
of Deer r., 127 m. W. S. W. Nashville. 

Masonstille, sta., Windham co., Co7m. : on the Norwich 
and Worcester R. R., 44 m. N. Allyn's Point, 

Masontown, p. v., Fayette county, Penn. : 8 m. E. 
Monongahcla r., 159 m. W. by S. Harrisburg. 

Masonville, p. v.. Lauderdale co., Ahi. : 2 ra. N. Muscle 
Shoals of Tennessee r., 1S7 nL N. N. W. Montgomery. 

Masonville, t. and p. v., Delaware co., A'. T. : 37 m. 
S. W. Albany. Drained by tributaries of the Susquehanna r. 
Surface for the most part mountainous—a ridge of mount- 
ains extending through it; soil varied— in the valleys rich 
and fertile. There are excellent Umber lands, proilueing 
pine and other limber. Principal manufactures are flour, 
leather, and fulled cloths. The v. is situated in the N. W. 
part of the t. on a small cr., and contains several flae 
tlwellings, and about 600 inliabitants. Population of the L 
1,550. 



THE STATE OF MASSACHUSETTS.* 

Massaciittsktts, the parent Slate of New England, and the chief manufacturing district of the United States, is bounded 
north by New Hamshire and Vermont, ca.*it by the Atlantic Ocean, south by the Atlantic, Rhode Island, and Connecticut, 
and west by New York. It is situated between 41° 15' and 42^ 52' latitudes north, and between 09^ 54' an<l 73'^ 34' longi- 
tudes west from Greenwich, or 3° 2S' and 7^^ OS' east from Washington. This State has a general breadth of not more 
than 5i) miles, with a length of about 160 miles; but in the eastern part it extends abruptly to the breadth of 90 miles, 
and shoots a long narrow trmgue of sand into the oce.nn, which extends nearly 50 miles beyond the mainland. The area 
of the State is estimated at 7.800 square miles. Although the surface is generally hilly, and in some places rugged, no part 
of it rises to an elevation of 4.000 feet, the is'ilated peak called Saddle Mountain, in the north-western corner of the State, 
the loftiest summit within its limits, being not mon^ than 3,600 feet above the level of the sea. The Green Mountains 
enter the western part of Ma.ssachusetts from the north, forming the IIoosic and Taghkannuc or Taconic ri'iges, which 
run nearly parallel to each other southward into Connecticut. The Taghkannuc ridge is near the western boundary of 
the State— its most elevated ]jeaks are Saddle Mountain, above referred to, on the north, and Taghkannuc Mountain, in 
the south, the latter being 3,000 feet in height. The Hoosic ridge has no summits above half these elevations; it divides 
the waters of the Connecticut from those of the Housatonic. The White Mountain range enters this Slate from New 
Hampshire, a little to the east of the Connecticut, and running southerly, divides below Northampton into the Afount Tom 
and Lyme ranges. Mount Tom an<l Mount Holyoke are peaks in this range— the first 1,214 feet and the latter 830 feet 
above the level of the Connecticut Itiver, which flows between them ; Wachusett, a solitary mountain in the norlh-eastem 
part of Worcester County, is 2.01S feet above the level of the sea. Eastward of these ranges, the surface is for the most 
part broken by gentle swells, and in the south-east spreads out into a level sandy plain, which extends from the margins 
of the ocean, and is continued in the peninsula of Cape Cod. 



' The n.-tme of tliJs Stite probably arose from llie rmme of a tribe of Indians formerly at Barnsfilile, or from two tnann w-inh, "um ami ivftuseC, 
llie forinrr argnifi ing an Indian arrow-fieud, and tlie latter a hill. It is slali-d that the Sachem who gnvt-rneil in this rf^xm, on liie hin.hng of tlie 
f iignms, lived on ti hill in the lorm of an Indian arrow-lieait, a few miles soiilli of Boston, and w;i3 uiUlPd by the naUvea SIabweiosbt. 



MASSACHUSETTS. 



The cnvmty of Barnstable is a pi-ninsiila commonly calk-d the Peninsula of Cape Coii. Its shape is that of a mau'$ 
arm bt-nt inward both at the elbow and at the wrist. A great part of this peninsula is barren, and in many places wholly 
destitute of vegetation. The inhabitants derive their support principally from the ocean. Nantucket Islimd lies south 
of Cape Cod. It is of a triangular form, 15 miles long;, and in ita widest [»art about 11 milesi ; and is little more than a 
heap of sand without a tree of native growth upon it— yet it maintains a numerous population distinguished lor activity 
and enterprise. The island affords some pastunige, and callle and sheep in considerable numbers are raised on it. The 
climate is much mikkrihan that of the neighboring continent. South-e:ist of this island, out of sight of land, lie the Kan- 
tucket Shoals, a dangerous sand-reef about 50 miles long and about 45 miles broad, and which has been the scene of many 
dreadful shipwrecks. Martha*s Vineyard, to the west of Nantucket. Is about 21 miles long, and fVom 2 to 10 miles broad. 
The soil is for the most part i>oor, but many sheep and cattle are raised, and the people are much employed as pilots or in 
the fisheries. There is a spacious harbor on the north side of the island called Holmes's Hole, and vessels bound to the 
eastward arc frequently seen here in great numbers, waiting for a wind to enable them to double Cape Cod. It is calcu- 
lated that more than 1,000 vessels anchor here in the course of a year. The Elizabeth Islands are sixteen in number, cx- 
tenrling in a line from the elbow of Cape Cod Poninsida westward, and forming the south-eastern side of Buzzards Bay, 
No Allan's Land is a small island south-west of Martha's Vineyard. Plum Island, off the east coast, extends from New- 
buryport southward to Ipswich. It is 9 miles iong and 1 broad, and is sei>arated from the mainland by a narrow .sound, 
over which a bridge has been built. In the season when plums are ripe, this island is the resort of the neighboring in- 
habitants, and a scene of lively amusement. 

The valley of the Connecticut, which, varying in width, extends through the State in a direction north and south, con- 
sists, for the most part, of a sandy alluvion. The lower flats are fertile, and produce rich crops of grain. In the viemity 
of Iladicy in this valley are extensive fields of broom-corn, and the manufacture of this article into brooms absorbs a con- 
siderable portion of the labor of the towns in the neighborhood. A portion of this valley is occupied by sandy tracts, 
which yield light crops of r>-e and maize. Some of these plains are covered with low pine forests. The valley of the 
Housatonic extends nearly in the same direction with that of the Connecticut, and consists of alluvial tracts of the same 
description. The valley of thelloosic in the north-west consists of an almost uninterrupted succession of intervale, about 
a mile in width, extremely rich, and ornamented with the liveliest verdure. The waters of this stream are remarkably 
limpid, and wind their way along this valley through luxuriant meadows and pastm-es, green to the water's edge, and 
fringed with willows and other moisture-loving growths. 

Every part of the State is well watered ; but in general the streams are more useful for agricultural and manufacturing 
purposes than as channels of communication. The Connecticut crosses tlie western part of the Slate from north to south, 
intersecting the counlies of Franklin. Hampshire, and Hampden, and passes into Conneclicut. By means of short canals 
round several falls of the river, it tins be?n made navigable for small vessels through its whole course in this State. Its 
principal tributaries are the Deerfield and Westfteld Bivcrs from the west, and Miller's and Chicopee Rivers from the 
east^all of which afford the best of water-power, and at their several falls are scenes of busy inihistry. The upper waters 
of the Housatonic lie on the west of the mountains, and flow southward into Connecticut. The Quinnebaug and Black- 
stone Bivers have also their sources in this State. Charles' River, reaching the sea at lioston, and Taunton River, which 
falls into Narragansctt Bay, are useful mill-streams. The Nashua and Concord Rivers are tributaries of the Merrimac, 
which Inst finds tlie sea at Newburj-jjort, near the northern boundary line. The Merrimac, after entering this State from 
New Hampshire, has a course east and north-east, and is navigable for sloops to Haverhill, 20 miles from its mouth. 

The northern shore of Massachusetts is bold and rocky, and the coast everywhere is deeply indented, and presents 
several far projecting peninsulas and headlands, forming bays of immense extent. Massachusetts Bay, which gives its 
name to the State, extends between Cape Ann. which projects sea-ward about 1? miles on the north, and Cape Cud on tho 
south. It is about 70 miles in length, and comprises Boston Bay and Cape Cod Bay. On the southern coast is Buzzard's 
Bay, about SO miles in length, and comprising a large number of fine and secure harbors. Boston Harbor is one of the 
finest in the world — capacious, safe, easy of access, and easily defended ; but in the winter season it is often ice-bound. 
New Bedford on Buzzard's Bay has a fine harbor, and is the greatest whale-ship depSt of the Union. The Peninsula of 
Nahant. a few miles north of Boston Ilarlwr, is connected with the mainland by Lynn Beach, two miles in length, and 
from its fine open situation, has been a favorite place of resort during the hot season of summer. 

Massachusetts is not, as far as yet ascertained, rich in minerals. Iron is found in various parts of the Slate, and is ex- 
tensively worked. It appears chiefly in the form of bog ore. Sulphuret of iron, or pyrites, occurs in the central districts, 
where it is used for the manufacture of copperas : and the plumbago found at Worcester and Stockbridge is used in the 
manufacture of lead pencils and crucibles. Lead mines exist in tho Connecticut valley. The white clay of Martha's 
Vineyard furnishes alum ; and anihracilc coal is now obt.iincd in the graywacke district to the west of Taunton River. 

It is on its building material, however, that Massachusetts relics for distinction. Granite of excellent quality abounds in 
Quincy and vicinity, and is extensively quarried and shipped to nearly every Atlantic port, in greater or lesser degree. 
The Astor House at New York, the front of the Tremont Houee at Boston, and the Bunker Hill Monument, are built 
of this stone. Blocks and shafts of almost any dimensions may bo obtained. Granite suitable for building is also found 
at Gloucester, Fall River, Fitchburg. and many other places. Gneiss, nearly answering tho same purposes, is found in 
many parts, and serpentine, suitable for ornamental architecture, exists in Middlefleld, "West Field, Xewbury, etc. Lime- 
stone is extensively distributed. Berksliire is renowned for tlie fine marble it produces, denominated primitive marble. 
Its prevailing color is white, and some of the varieties admit of a fine polish ; more or less is quarried in almost every 
town of Berkshire. Tlie City Hall in New York, and the Girard College in Philadelphia, are built of marlde fVom 
this district. Soap-stone, and argillaceous or roofing slate, are fmmd in various parts, and potter's clay, used in the manu- 
facture of common delft, and kaolin, or i>orcelain clay, are abundant. Peat is found and used as a common fuel in many 
towns in the eastern part of tlie State ; and what adds to the importance of this article is, that it is frequently situated where 
wood is scarce. 

The climate of Massachusetts, though identical in many respects to that of the three States lying north of it, is not so 
extreme as that of either. It is very favorable to health, and a large ratio of the inhabitants attain to a good old age. Tho 
extremes of temperature are from 20° below zero to 100^ above, but such are rare and of short continuance. The season 
of growth commences earlier than in the more northern States, and the summer is more prolonged. On the eastern and 
southern shores the summer season is delightfully tempered by the breezes from the ocean. 

The Indian population, a small remnant of the once powerful tribes that inhabited Miissaehusettt prior to the arrival 
of Europeans in the country, now numbers less than 1,000 souls. "With the exception of the NuUcks, who are scattered 
44S 



MASSACHUSETTS. 



over the Common weal Ih. tliey all live in sep;irale coramunities ; but few of these are of pure blood, the maj<irity coming 
im<Ier those classes which in South Amtxica would be termed Meztizos or Zarnbos, mixtures of white and Indian, and 
of black aud Indian. The following tribes are enumerated in a report of a commission ai>poiuted in 1S43 to inquire, into 
the condition of these people : 

N.nnes (if Tril.es. 

Ciiappeqiiiddie Tribe . 

Chrislianlown " 

Gay nea<i " 

Marshiice " 

Herrifisr-Poud " 

Fall Uh-cr " . 

Dudley " . 

Ilassauamiseo " 

Punkapop '* 

Taruioiuh " 



Numl)er. nesiJence. Occupation. 

., S5 Chappequiddic Island Agriculture. 

. . 40 N. W. shore of Martha's Vineyard Agriculture and fishing. 

. . 1T4 Gay IIrad,W. part of *' " Agriculture— also alum manuf. 

. . 305 S. W. shore of Cape Cod Agriculture and navigation. 

. . 55 Near Plymouth and Sandwich Agriculture and fishiug. 

. . 37 Fall liiver Townshij) Very improvident. 

. . 4S T'jwn of "Webster Men beg— Women do worse. 

. 20 Gr.afton i^ , .. , . ^^ 

-„ ,> . J c. , . / Industrious, but have no par- 

, . 10 Canton and Ptou*h(on > ... *^ 

,-, m c T ^1 i ticular occupalnm. 

. ON Town of Yarmouth J *^ 



Naticka Scattered over the State, and extinct as a tribe. 

The more industrious of these tribes not only enjoy the necessaries of life, but also many of the comforts and even 
luxuries of civiliicalion. Ni-arly all live in good houses, most of them decently furnished ; and their schools and churcJiea 
are n^presented to be in a fiourifshlng condition. Only two of the tribes are rejiresenled as degraded. The Indians are 
not members of the body politic ; tliey p.ay no taxes, nor do tliey have a voice in legislation. The State, indeed, allows 
to each tribe a small aimuity for the promotion of their civiRzation. 

Massachusetts is divided into 14 counties, the general statistics of which, and the capitals of each in 1550, were as followa : 



Comiltes. 


T)w,ll. 


P.ip. 


Farina, 
m.ult. 


Mnm.r. 
EslMl,. 


ClJiiMlS. 


Counties. 


Dwell. 


Pop. 


Farms, 
in cult. 


Manuf. 
isUit,. 


Capitals. 


Barnstable 


. G,6:a. 


. 85,27G. 


. 7,'i9. 


. 423. 


. . Banistablo 


Hampsliire 


. 6,905. 


. 35,732 


.2,905 


. .319. 


. .Northampton 


Berkshire . 


. S,03S. 


49,591. 


.2,897. 


. 3S7. 


. .Lenox 












■j Concord 
. Icambridga 
J Lowell 


Bristol . . . 


.12,1SJ. 


. 76,192. 


.2,5.50. 


. 6C2. 


1 New Bedford 
fTauiitMn 


Middlesex. 


23,450. 


.101,353 


.4,345. 


.1.0S9. 


Dulses .... 


. 771. 


. 4,540. 


. 205. 


. IS. 


. . Ed^arto-wu 


Nantneket. 


1.2^5. 


. S,4.i2 


. .M. 


. 60. 


...Nantucket 












1 Ipswicli 


Norfolk . . . 


.12,615. 


. 7S,h92. 


.2,037. 


. 906. 


. ..Uedlmm 


Essex .... 


.1S,S7S. 


1.31,300. 


.2,310. 


1,.533. 


Newbtiryport 


riyinouth .. 


. 9,500. 


,55,097. 


.2,447. 


. 511. 


. . Plymouth 












Salem 


Suffolk .... 


16,.5C7. 


^..-V)?. 


. 70. 


.1,9,S9. 


. . Boston 


Franlclin . 


. 5,S.S3. 


30,SG7. 


.2,1535. 


. 2S5. 


..Grei'nitelil 


Woreester . 


.21,109. 


l:li,7S9. 


7,239. 


.1,161. 


. . Worcester 


Hampden. 


. 9,083. 


. 51,281 


.2,016. 


. 889. 


..SprinKfleld 















The whole number of dweUiogs in the State was, at the above date, 152.M5 ; of families 192,679, and of inhabitanla 
994,499, viz. : whites 985,704— males 484.284, aud fem.ales 501,420. (ree col 8,795— males 4,314, and females 4.431. 

or the whole population, there were deaf and dumi—vh. 3«0, fr <"ol. 4— total 3(>4 ; blind— vh. 490, fr. col. 7— 
—total 497; imane~\yb. 1,029, fr. col. IS— tnt.il 1,047; and .■./(oft'e— tvh. 7^5. (r. col. 6— tol.al 791. The number of free 
persons born in the Unitcil States was 830,066 ; the numl>cr of for.-ign birlh 160,909, and of birth unknown 8..5.39. The 
native population originated as follows : Maine 29,507, N. Ilr-np- S9,.592, Verm. 17,640, Mi.i.iac/iiiseU^i 695,230, E. I. 
11,414, Conn. 15,003, N. York 14,433, N. Jcr. 778, Peiin. 1.331, Del. 90, Md. 744, Dist. <if Col. 196, Tirg. 796, N. Car. 196, 
S. Car. 224, Ga. 237, Flor. 33, A1.1. 71, Miss. .34, La. l79, Te^. 10, Ark. 10, Tenn. 25, Ky. 75, Ohio 598, Mich. 122, Ind. 00, 
111. 105, Mo. 53, la. 12, Wise. 32, Calif. 7, Territories 9 : and the fnrevjn population was composed of persons from— 
England 10.035, Ireland 115,917, Scotland 4,469, Walei-214. Germany 4,819, France 305, Spain 173, Portug.il 290, Belgium 
.30, Ilollan.l 133, Turkey 14, Italy 196, Austria 10 SwiUerland 72, Russia 33, Denmark 131, Norw.ay 69, Swe.len~25.3, 
Prussia 98, Sardinia 1, Greece 23. China 2, Asi.t 3', Africa 27, British America 15,362, Mexico 32, Central America 7, South 
America 84, West Indies 30-3, Sandwich Island- 31, and other countries 466. 

The following table will show the decennial progress of the population since the first census of the State taken by the 
United States authorities ; 



Census 


Wbils 




y^ar. 


rer.„»j. 


Free. 


1790 .... 


.....37.3,2.';4 ... 


....5,463 


13l») .... 


.... 410,793 . .. 


.... 6,452 


1810.... 


....465,30:'.... 


.... 6,737 


1S20 .... 


....516.-19 .... 


.... 6.863 


1330 . . . . 


.... 0oi,3.59 ... 


.... 7,043 


1«40 .... 
1S50 .... 




.3,009 


.... 985,704 .... 


. . . . 3,793 



■IV,i,ii. 

. 5,463 . 
. 0,453 . 
. 6,787 . 
. 6,SG3 . 
. 7,049 . 



T.ilal 
P(,,.u.,.l,„n. 

. 373,717 . 
, . 423,2.15 . 



Pecennjal Increi.!e. 



Numerical. 



. 3,669 737,699 

. 8,795 994,499 



44,523 . 

472,040 48.795 . 

523,237 51,247 . 

010,403 87,121 . 

127,291 . 



. 11.7 
. 11.5 
. 10.3 
. 10.6 

. 20.3 



. 256,300 84.3 



The stjitisticsi returns of the wealth, industry, products, and institutions of the State, according to the ccn-sus of 1^50 .and 
other ofHeial documents referring to the same period of time, are as follows: 

Occupi<:d Lands, ete. — Improved farm lands, 2,1.33,480 acres, anil unimproved lands, 1,223,570 acres — valued in cash 
at $109,076,347. The whole number of farms under cultivation, 84,235. Value of farming implcmeiils and machinery, 
$8,209,634. 

liee-Sfocl:— Horses, 42,210; asses and mules, 84; milch cows, 1-30,099 ; working oxen, 40,011: other cattle, 38,234; 
ehcep, 138,051 ; and swine, 81,119— valued in the aggregate at .$9,647,710. The number of animals of these descriptions 
in 13-10 was— horses, mules, etc., 01,434; neat cattle of all kinds, 232,-574; sheep, 378,226; and swine, 1-13,221. These 
comparative figures show an enormous falling off in every description of live-stock. 

J'rodiicts o/jlnimfifc.— Wool, 535,130 (in 1840,941.900) pounds; butter, 8,071,370 pounds; cheese, 7,033.142 pounds; 
and the value of animals slaughtered during the year, $2,500,924. Silk cocoons were produced to the amount of 7 (in 
1840, 1,741) pounds; and beeswax and honey, to that of 59,503 pounds. 

Grain Cc(>ps.— Wheat, 31,211 bushels; rye, 481,021 bushels: Indian corn. 2,345,190 bushels; oats, 1,165,106 bushels; 

13 449 



MASSACHUSETTS. 



barley, 112,885 bushels; and buckwheat, 106,095 bushels. la 1S39-40 these erops yielded as follows: wlietit, l.')r,023 
bushels; barley, 165,319 bushels; oats, 1,319,680 bushels; rye, 536,014 bushels; buckwheat, 87,000 bushels; and Iiiduin 
corn, 1,809,193 bushels. 

Ottuir Food Crops.— Peas and beans, 43,709 bushels ; potatoes, Irish, 8,585,384 bushels. In 18.39-M the potato crop 
amounted to 5,385,653 bushels. 

Miscelliineous CV»pe.— Tobacco, 188,246 (in IMO, 64,9.'j5) pounds ; hay, 651,607 tons; clover-seed, 1,002 bushele; other 
grass-seed, 5,085 bushels ; hops, 121,595 pounds (in 1810,254,795) pounds; flax, 1,162 pounds: flax-seed, 72 bushels; maple 
sugar, 795,625 pounds ; molasses, 4,693 gallons ; wine, 4,698 (in 1840, 193) gallons, etc. Yalue of orchard products, $463,996, 
and of marketrgarden products, $600,030. 

Home-made manufacturea for the year ending 1st June, 1850, were produced to the value of $205,833. The Kirae 
class of productions, according to the census of 1840, were valued at $231,942. 

J/(M!.!//nc()w«.— Aggregate capital invested, $00,000,000 ; value of raw material, foe), etc., $00,000,000 : average number 
of h.ands employed, 000,000— males 00,000, and females 00,000; average monthly cost of labor, $000,000— male $000,000, 
and female $000,000 ; total value ofproducte for the year ending Ist .Tunc, 18.50, $000,000,000. The whole number of indus- 
trial establishments producing to the value of $500 and upward, annually, was, at the date referred to, 9,(»J7 ; and of tbcso 
213 were cotton factories ; 119 woolen factories, 218 tanneries, and 80 u'on manufactories — 68 for castings, G for pig iron, 
and 6 for wrought iron. 

The cotton manufactures employ a capital of $23,4515,630 ; value of raw material, fuel, etc., $11,289,309 ; and value of 
entire products $19,712,461; cotton consumed 223,607 bales; coal 46,515 tons; and products— sheeting, etc., 298,751,392 
yards, and yam 353,660 pounds. The number of hands employed is— males 9,293, and females 19,*?7 ; and the monthly 
cost ol labor— male $212,892, and female $204,514; average monthly wages— to males $23 01, and to females $13 55. 

The capital invested in the woolen nmniifaciurei was $9,089,843 ; value of all raw material, etc. $8,671,671, and value 
Of entire products for the ye.ir $12,770,565. Wool consumed 22,929,952 pounds ; coal 16,440 tons ; and products 25.805,653 
yards of cloth, etc., and 749.655 pouuds of yam. Average hands employed— males 6,167, and females 4,963 ; monthly cost 
of labor— male $141,533, and female $70,,681 ; average wages— to males $22 95, and to females $14 23 per month. 

The tanneries employ a capital of $1,377,725 ; value of hides, skins, etc. $2,311,173 ; value of products $3,519,123. Skins 
tanned 293,000, and sides tanned 1,500,440 ; hands employed— males 1,510, and females 32 ; monthly cost of labor— male 
$41,245, and female $860. 
The iron manufacturw, in extent and value, according to the returns of 1350, were as follows: 



Pi2 Iron. 
469,000. . 
27,900. 



Cast Iron. 
.1,499,050, 



Vrc.ugtit Iron. 
.61O,;300.... 



1,?55,000.. 
185,'741 . . 

im.. 

■ 7,233. 
. 13aS7. 



TnWt. 

. .2,57S,.'!50 
, . . 27,900 

81,184 7,030 83,1M 

3,361 — 3,361 

12,401 11,022 23,428 

8,600 78,500 1,937,000 

1,057,904 221,194 1,404,839 

1,596 260 2,119 

, 49,210 5,8.50 62,304 

. 82,074 6,720 61,081 



SpecificatioiM. 

Capital invested dollars 

Ore used tons 

Fig iron used " 

Old metal used " 

Mineral coal consumed " 

Coke and charcoal busliHs 

Value of all raw material, fuel, etc — dollars .... 

Hands employed number. . 

Monthly cost of labor dollars. . . 

Iron produced tons 

Value of entke products dollars. . . . 295,124 2,235,635 423,330 2,959,078 

The above exhibited manufactures, comprising what ma) with propriety be termed national manufactures, compose but 
a moiety of the aggregate industrial establishments within thLSUite. Besides these there are in the State immense inter- 
ests in the manufacture of shoes and boots, carpeting, sperm cal^Hes and oil, soap, carriages and cars, cabinet-ware, cop- 
per-ware, cord.age, cutlery, engines and boilers, flre-arms, glass, giue^ hats and caps, hollow-ware, etc., hosiery, lead 
paints, linen thread, lumber and shingles, machinery, musical instrnnicnts, paper, powder, ploughs, etc., saddlery, etc., 
snuff, tobacco, etc., building stone, str.aw hats, etc.. sugar, tin-ware, tools, upholstery, wooden-ware, etc., and a large num- 
ber of minor, but still profltable manufactures. Massachusetts, indeed, is »ie great manufacturing Slate of the Union, and 
in reference to its extent and population, has no superior. It manufactures a*, least one sixth of the .^ggregate articles pro- 
duced in the workshops of the United States. The products of its eottou-m'dn consUtute one-third of the whole of that 
staple, and its woolen manufactures are equally preponderant. 

Commerce, Namgation, e(c.— Massachusetts, in the year ending 30th Juno, 1350,exported to foreign countries to the 
value of $10,631,763, and imported to that of $30,374,684. Of the exports. $8.25.3,473 wai the value of domestic produce— in 
American vessels $7,000,103, and in foreign vessels $1,253,370, and $2,428,290 the value <f. foreign produce— in American 
vessels $1,898,497, and in foreign vessels $529,793; and of the imports $22,106,011 in Amerivin vessels, and $8,268,673 in 
foreign vessels. The entrances and clearances in the same year were as follows : 

ENTItANCES. CLEARANCES. 

Katiiinalily. Vessels. Tonnage. 

American 1,846 839,503. 

Foreign 2,733 271,941. 



Cfpws, 
.14,677 
.15,9.33 



Total 4,077 611,419. 

Newburyport 128 8,605, 

Gloucester 173 11,007 

Salem and Beverley 880. 

Boston 2,873 

Marblehead 177 

Plymouth 10 

Barnstable 42 

Fall River 

New Bedford — 

Edgarto^^'n 

Nantucket. 

460 



... 36,796... 
....478,8)9... 
.... 12,086... 
.... 6«... 
.... 8,713... 

78 12,739... 

134 33,154 2,564 

T2 13,286 674 



.80,610 

. 010 

. SOS 

. 2,147 
.22,007 

. 790 

. 85 

. 380 

. 535 



Nationality 

American. 
Foreign. . . 



Vessels. 

...1,149. 



Total . 



.8,906. 



I'nmge. Crews. 

.27i278 12.538 

■ 374,61,1 15,-55 

.546,952 28,288 



Newburyport 140 9,703 683 

Gloucester 177 11,133 706 

Salem and Beverley.. 872 85,003 2.091 

Boston 2,839 487,760 20,812 

Marblehead 176 11,414 763 

Plymouth 10 544 85 

Barnstable 81 2,810 149 

Fall r.iver 87 6,479 290 

New Bedford 118 82.027 2,499 

Edgartown 6 1.223 99 

Nantucket 1 351 25 



MASSACHUSETTS. 



The toUiI shipping owned in the Slate at the date referred to amounted to (i>4,4'l'2 tons; registered— permanent 411,973 
tons, and temporary Cl,350 tons; enrolled and licensed— permanent 20S,7C7tons; and lieenscd (under 20 tons)— in the 
coasting trade 1,821 tons, and in the cod fisheries 1,74S tons. Of the registered shipping 122,076 tons were engaged in the 
whale Bsherx-, and the enrolled and licensed tolmage W03 employed— in the coasting trade 115,M6 tons, in the cod fishery 
40,00.3 tons, and the mackerel fishery 42,895 tons; and 7,903 tons were navigated by steam-power. The tonnage of the 
several districts wa:~-Newburyport 23,262 tuns, Ipswicli 573 tons, Gloucester 22,474 tons, Salem 28,916 tons, Beverley 
3,173 tons, Marblehead 6,842 tons, lioston 320,687 tons, I'lymouth 10,722 tons, Fall itiver 18,102 tons, New Bedford 127,960 
tons, Barnstable 91,102 tons, Edgartown 7,009 tons, and Nantucket 29,018 tons. 

The shipping built in the State during the year amounted to 121 vessels of all kinds— 61 ships, 19 brigs, 4G schooners, 
3 sloops, and 2 steamers— of an aggregate burden of .35,830 tons; and of the whole number 10 (4,057 tons) were built at 
Newburyport, 26 (1,996 tons) at Gloucester, 1 (293 tons) at Salem, 8(317 tons) at Marblehead, 4:5 (28,480 tons) at Boston, 
5 (579 tons) at Plymouth, 5 (1,2.54 tons) at Fall Kiver, 4 (781 tons) at New Bedford, 2:1 (1 ,SfVJ Ions) at Barnstable, and 1 
(109 tons) at Edgartown. The statistics of the Ibreign commerce of the State for a series of years — 1791 to 1850 — exhibit 
the following movements iu the value of exports and imports : 



Year. 


Exports. 


1791 ... 


.. $2,519,051 ... 


1792 ... 


.. 2,883,104... 


1793 . . . 


.. 8,755,.347 . . . 


1794 . . . 


.. 5,292,441... 


1795 ... 


.. 7,117,9117... 


1796 . . . 


. . 9,949,345 . . . 


1797 . . . 


. . 7,502,047 . . . 


179S . . . 


.. 8,639,252... 


1799 ... 


.. 11,421,591 ... 


1-500 . . . 


.. 11,820,876... 


ISOl ... 


.. 14,870,556... 


1802 ... 


.. 13,492,633... 


1808 ... 


. . 8.768,666 . . . 


1804 . . . 


.. 16,894,378 ... 


1805 ... 


. . 19.4.35,657 . . . 


1806 ... 


.. 21.199,243 ... 


1807... 


.. 21,112,125 ... 


ISOS... 


. . 5,128,!!22 . . . 


1809 . . . 


.. 12,142.293 ... 


ISIO . . . 


. . 13,013,048 . . . 



Impnrt-g. 

$ 



Year. 
1811 
1812 
1.813 
1814 



Export?. 

. $11,235,405 . 

. 0,583,333 . 

. 1,807,923 . 

. ],l;33,"99 . 

1815 5.230,083 . 

IS16 10,1.36,439 . 

1817 11,927,997 . 

1318 11,993.150 . 

1819 11,899,913 . 

1320 11,008.922 . 

1S21 12,484.691 . 

1822 12,598,635 . 

1823 13,033,239 . 

1824 10,4.34,.32S . 

1825 11,4.32,937 . 

Iv26 10,098,8l!3 . 

1827 10.424..3,83 . 

1823 9,026,785. 

1829 8,2.54,937. 

13.30 7,213,194 . 



Imports. 



14,826.7.32 
1S,.3.37,330 
17,607,106 
16,373,758 
15,845,141 
17.iii;R.4v> 
13,370,564 
15,070,444 
12520,744 
10,4.53,544 



Year. FxportJ. 

13;!1 $7,733,703 . 

1*12 11,993,768 . 

1333 9,63:!,122 . 

18.34 4,672,746. 

1336 10,043,790 . 

1836 10,38(),:M0 . 

1337 9,728,190 . 

l':?S 9,104,862 . 

13-39 9,276,085 . 

1840 10,186,261 . 

1841 11,487,34:3 . 

1842 9,807,110 . 

1843 6,406,207 . 

IftH 9,096,286. 

1346 10,-351,030 . 



1846 . 
1347 . 
1843 . 

1349 . 

1350 . 



10,313,113 . 
11,248,462 . 
13,419,699 . 
10,2I>4.8G3 . 
10,031,763 , 



Imporla. 

.. $14,209,056 

,. 18,11.8,900 

. 19,940,911 

. 17,672,129 

. 19,800,373 

,. 25,681,462 

. 19,984,663 

. 13,.300,925 

. 19,885,226 

. 1C,.518,858 

. 20,318.003 

. 17,986,433 

. 16,7.39,452 

. 20,296,007 

. 22,781,024 

. 24.190,903 

. 84,477,008 

. 2S,W7,70T 

. 24,74,5,917 

. 80,374,684 



Internal TmprorenienU. — In proportion to surface no other State of the Union is so thoroughly supplied with railroads 
an<i other means of communication as MjLssachusetts. It was the first State to adopt the railroad, and it has ever since 
maintained a pre-eminence in respect of railroads, and at the present lime the several lines extend in every direction, 
forming a net-work of iron bauds. The principal lines are those extenditig from Boston and "Worcester t<:iward Maine 
and New Hampshire, passing through the gra- niamifaeturing towns of the north-east section, and those extending 
southward from those centres to llie Atlantic ana*.- mg Island Sound. Two great lines also extend through the length 
of the State from Boston cia Worcester to Albany, and from Boston tin Greenfield to Troy on the Hudson Uiver, both 
forming links in the chains toward the great lakes and the far West. The total length of railroad iu the State in 1853 was 
1.261 miles, or abont 1 mile of roa<l to every 61 miles of surface. Massaehusetls has also several canals, as the Blackstono 
Canal, from AVorcesler to rrovidence, 46 miles long; the Middlesex Canal, from Boston to the Merrimac Elver, 27 miles 
long; the Ilampshire and Hampden Canal, 22 miles long, and several short canals and river improvements for the 
purjiose of overcoming falls and rapirls in the rivers. The canals in this Slate, however, are at the present time little 
used as means of commercial intercourse, but in some instances their waters are valuable for manufacturing purposes. 

Jlank-s and Sarhigs Imtltutiona. — In 1851 there was a total of 130 banking institutions in Massachusetts, of which 80 
were in Boston and 100 in other parts of the State. The following exhibits theur condition in the aggregate in that year; 



Liabilities. Boston Ranks. Otlier Banks. Total. 

Capital $21,700,000 $16,.505,000 $38,265,000 

Cureulx— $6 and upward 6,678,316 9,636.379 16,365.195 

" —less than $5... 1,001,363 2,323,140 3.329.503 

Net profits on h.TOd 2.4IK.373 1,359,2:36 :J,S24,60S 

Due other banks 0,787,148 214,778 7,001,921 

Deposits ivithout interest 8,796.575 4,173.200 12,909,775 

" at interest 6ol.:31T 263,311 870,128 



Total $43,090,092 $34,537,569 $32,027,661 



Resources. 



Boston Banks. Otlier Banks. Total. 



Specie $1,317,383 

r.eal estate 690,394 

Bills of other banks ui Slate 5,302,591 

" " " elsewh'e .344,>vl0 
Due from other banks . . 8,233,354 
Notes, bills of exchange, 

and all other stock . . . 36.811,625 



$661,471 $2,473,859 



407,319 

5:»,245 

53,111 

8,.326,S79 


998,218 
5,837,838 

897,951 
6,650,233 


29,629,683 


66,341,110 



Total $43,09l»,092 $-34,514,109 $32,604,202 



Average dividends of 30 Boston banks in October, 1850, was a fraction over 8.4 per cent— in April, 1851, it was a fraction 
over 3.9 jier cent ; average dividends of 100 other banks in October, 1850, a fraction over 3.39 per cent., and in April, 
1351, a fraction over 3.7 per cent. 

In 45 savings institutions that made returns there were 86,637 depositors, and $16,5.')4,0S8 deposits securely invested. 
The average dividends for the year was 4.73 per cent. The whole expense of managing these institutions bus been 
$1.3,707 during the year. 

Gomnimfnt.—lhc constitution of this Slate was framed in 1780, amended in 1821, and since tliat period has undergone 
several modifications. According to its provisions every male citizen, of the age and upward of 21 years, paupers and 
persons under guardianship excepted, resident the last past year in tlie Slate, and the la.sl past six months at the place of 
voting, and who, unless exempt from taxation, shall have paid any state or county lax within the last two years, enjoys 
the right of voting at aU popular elections. The general election is held on the second Monday in November annually. 

451 



MASSACHUSETTS. 



The legislixtim authority is vested in a General Court, consisting of a Senate and House of Kepresentalivee. The 
representatives, at present 299 in number, are chosen by towns in ratio of their population. "Every town containing 
1,200 inhabitants may elect one, and an additional representative for every 2,400 above that number; and every town of 
less than 1,200 iubabitania may elect a representative as many times within 10 years as ICO is contained in 1,200; and 
every two or more towns may unite and form a representative district; and all these numbers shall be raised one-tenth 
when the population of the Stale shall be 770,000, and at the same rate for every increase of 70,000 thereaner." Repre- 
sentatives must be residenta for the last past year of the towns wliich return them. The Senate consists of 40 members, 
elected from districts of e^iual poi)nlation, but no county is divided in the apportionment, and Nantucket and Duke's 
counties have only one senator conjointly. The Legislature meets annually on (be first "Wednesday in January. For the 
purpose of settling the ratio of representation and the senatorial districts a census ia taken everj- ten years. 

The chief executive power ia vested in a Governor, and a Lieutenant-governor ia elected with the same qualificationi 
and in the same manner as the governor, viz., annually by a majority of voles. He must have resided in the State for the 
last past seven years, and be seized of a freehold of $1,000 value. If there be no choice by the people, the representativea 
choose two of the four candidates, if so many there be, having the highest number of votes, and of which two the Senate 
chooses one for governor. The governor can veto any bill of the general court, but two-thirds of the members thereof 
afterward voting in favor of such negatived bill it becomes law nevertheless. The governor is advised and assisted in his 
duties by an Executive Council, of wbich the lieutenant-governor is ex-officio a member, and which is chusen annually 
by joint ballot of the legislature. The lieutenant-governor, in case of a vacancy occmring in the office of governor, 
exercises the chief executive powers, and both failing, the same is exercised by the council. The Secretary of State and 
Treasurer are chosen in like manner. 

The Judiciary consists of a Supreme Court, Courts of Common Pleas, Probate Courts, etc. The supreme court has a 
chief justice and four other justices, who arc appointed by the governor and council, and hold offiee during good 
behavior. It has exclusive cognizance of all capital crimes, and exclusive chancery jurisdiction, and concurrent original 
jurisdiction in all civil cases where the amount in dispute exceeds $600 in Suffolk and $300 in the other counties. It 
holds law terms in eight of the fourteen counties, and nin prtus terms in all the counties. The court of common pleas is 
held for the trial of civil cases above $20, and, except in Suffolk Count", has criminal jurisdiction in all cases not capital. 
There are six judges, one of whom is chief judge, and frequent terms ar» held in each county. In Suffolk criminal juris- 
diction is exercised by the municipal court. Trial justices and justices of th,e peace exercise local civil and criminal juris- 
diction in cases of minor importance. A court of insolvency is held in each county on the first Tuesday of each month 
before special commissioners, and a probate court, consisting of a judge and register, is established at each county scat. 
Permanent and honorable salaries are provided for all judicial officers. 

The State militia of Massachusetts in 1S50, according to the returns of the Adjutant-general, consisted of 119,690 men 
of all arms, of which number 549 were commissioned ofllccrs, and 119,141 non-commissioned officers, musicians, artificers, 
and privates. Of the commissioned officers 10 are general officers, 35 general staff officers, 112 field officc-rs, etc., and 392 
company officers. The enroUed mditia consists of all able-bodied white male citizens of the age of IS years, and under 
that of 45 years, and the active militia consists tif volunteers who have a per diem allowance when on duty. The latter 
are comprised in three divisions and six brigades, embracing two division corps of cadets, one troop of caralrj-, four 
regiments, one battalion, and one company " annexed" of artillery, and nine regiments of light infantry. 

Among a large luimber of hcnevolent inditutions for the relief of the unfortunate which exist in Massachusetts, the 
following are conspicuous for their extent and efficiency : The State Lunatic Asylum at Worcester, founded in 1S33 ; the 
Massachusetts General Hospital, at Boston, incorporated in ISll ; Perkins Institution, or Massachusetts Asylum for the 
Blind,at Boston, instituted inlS31; the Boston Lying-in Hospital, instituted inlS32; the U.S. Marine Hospital, at Chelsea; 
the Lowell Hospital ; and the M'Lean Asylum for the Insane, at Somervillc, a department of the General Hospital. Tbc 
Asylum at "Worcester is erne of the best infititutions of Ihc kind anywhere established. On the 1st December, 1S49, the 
number of inmates was 429 — 220 males and 209 femules; admitted during the year 241 — 129 males and 112 females; 
remaining in the Hospital, 30th November, iSoO, 441— 22S males and 213 females, and of this number 169 were foreigners. 
Of those admitted during the year 194 were committed by the courts, 16 by the overseers, and 31 were private boarders ; 
and of ihe number discharged, 125 were recovered, 15 improved, 2S incurable and harmless, 4 incurable and dangerous, 
and 57 died. Total means of the institution for the year, $62,470; expenditures, $46,776. The average annual expense 
of each patient, for the 18 years the hospital has been in operation, is $11S 75. Besides the institutions above named, 
there is a School for Idiots, at Newton, and an Ej'e and Ear Infirmary, at Boston. The deaf and dumb of the State are 
provided for in the American Asylum, at Hartford. In 1S50, the sums appropriated by the legislature for the sui)port of 
unfortunaU-s were as follows: Asylum for the Blind, $14,000; Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb, $S,206; Eye and Ear 
Infirmary, $7,000 ; State Lunatic Asylum, $3,200 ; School for Idiots, $2,500, etc. 

Fi7ia7ices, Deht, r^c— The ordinary revenue received into the public treasury, during the year ending 1st January, 1351, 
amounted to $492,810 54, and all otiier receipts (including $495,600 temporary loans), to $9SS,950 33— total receipts, 
$1,4S1,761 02 ; to which add cash on hand, 1st Janaury, 1S50, $5S,55S 3S, and the total rn^ans of the treasury is exhibited 
nt $1,540,319 40. Ordinary expenditure, $566,055 54; expenditure on other accounts (including $495,600 loans repaid), 
$650,225 i^^^— total expenditures, $1,416,280 79. Excess of expenditures on account of ordinarj' revenue, $73,244 90; 
excess of receipts on other accounts, $138,725 13 ; and excess of aggregate receipts, $65,480 23, or, including the cash on 
hand at the commencement of the year, $124,033 61, of which sum $5,809 22 is on account of ordinary revenue, and 
$118,229 39 on all other interests. 

The public debt of Massachusetts on its own account, on the 1st January, 1851, was $1,210,375 ; liability for scrip loaned 
to the various railroads, $5,049,555 56— total absolute and contingent debt, $6,259,930 56. The value of all property 
belonging to the commonwealth, at that date, was $10,386,357 45. Excessof resources over liabilities, $4,126,426 89. The 
total value of personal and real estate assessed for taxation, in 1350, was $546,003,057 ; but the estimate, or true valuation, 
according to the census of that year, was $573,342,286. 

Federal ^^prcae^i fail on. —Massachusetts, in pursuance of the provisions of the Act of Congress, 23d May. 1850, is 
entitled to send el^even- representatives to the National Legislature. 

Fdu cation. —^ct^OTd\ng to the school report of 1850, the towns raised by taxation for school purposes $864,667, and 

besides this, $8,714, income of the " surplus revenue," was so appropriated— total, $873,382, lo which must also be added 

$34,704, contributed as board and fuel. Amount of school fund, 1st December, 1850, $958,921, of which only $740,361 was 

productive, and yielded $iO,000 for disti-ibufion among the towns. The whole number of children m the State, from 5 to 

452 



MASSACHUSETTS. 



l^t yoars old, was 193,232 — tlie numlKT under 5 years attending schcxil was 17,782, and over 15 years, 1S,203. Number of 
public schools, 3,S7S, taught by S,427 leaehL-rs— males 2,442, and females 5,£)S5. Average scliolars in winter sehools, 
11U,408,' and in summer schools, 17*),S44. Average monthly wages, inclusive ofbnard to male?, $:iU 89, and to females $14 42. 

There were, at the date above referred to. G7 incorporated academies in this Slate, with 3,717 pupils, and an aggregate 
expenditure of $57,444 for tuition; also, K45 unincorporated academics, private schools, etc., with 19.534 scholars, and an 
aggregate income fur teaching of $261,241. There are also local funds (endowments) for the support of academies, etc., 
to (he amount of $854,620, yielding an income of $21,5^. Value of school libraries $42,707, and of apparatus $23,826. 
The value of public sehool-Iiouses, in 1S4S, was $2,750,000, of which $2,200,000 had been expended since 1S3S; probably 
in 1S50 the value would not fall short of three miUions. There are three normal schools supported by the State at an 
annual cost of $6,500 — one utWeslfleld, one atWcst Newton, and one at Eridgcwater— averaging annually, in all, 225 
pupils. 

Massachusetts has four celebrated colleges: Harvard University, at Cambridge, foundcl 163S; William's College, at 
Williamstown, founded 1793; Amherst College, founded 1821; and College of the Holy Cross (catholic), founded 1S43. 
There is also a Theological Seminary, at Andover, founded 1807, and the Newton TlK'ul.>gical Institution, at Newton, 
founded 1S25. Phillip's Academy, incorporated 1780, and located at Andover, stands first among the academic institutions 
of the State. Harvard University is generally considered as the best collegiate institution in the United States, and 
certainly is iho best endowed. It has Divinity, Law, and Medical departments, and the Lawrence Scientific School, lately 
endowc<l by Hon. Abbot Lawrence, is also a department. Its libraries contain 34,200 volumes. In the college department 
proper, in 1S50, there were 20 professors, 293 students, and 6.:>43 alumni; in the Law School, 3 professors and 98 students; 
in llie Divinity School, 2 professors and 23 students; and in the Medical Scliool, G professors, 117 students, and 575 
gr.-idiiates. There is also the Berkshire Medical School, at Pittsfleld, founded in 1823, which, in ls50, had 5 professors, 103 
students, and 473 graduates. William's College had 8 professors, 1,317 alumni, 179 students, and a library of 13,751 volumes. 
Amherst College had 12 professors, 9G3 alumni. 182 students, and a library of 14,000 volumes; and this college has recently 
added a scientific department to its foundatiiin. Holy Cross College hail 14 professors, 120 students, and a library of 4,220 
volumes— this last institution, however, has been destroyed by fire, and at present its collegiate exercises are suspended. 

Ptihlu: Libraries.— Ono State library, 7,400 vo>cuues ; 23 social libraries, 126,269 volumes ; 4 college libraries, 71,693 
volumes; 15 students' libraries, 28,735 Tohmies • 9 libraries of academies and professional schools, 45,450 volumes; 10 
libraries of scientific and historical societies, 44.572 volumes ; 700 public school libraries, 91,539 volumes— total, 762 libraries, 
and 415,658 volumes. 

Periodical Press.— The: whole number of periodicals and newspapers published in Massachusetts, in 1850, was 209, of 
which 70 were devoted to politics — 16 whig, and 24 democratic in opinion ; and 139 were devoted to literature, religion, 
science, etc., including all the character of which is not specially denoted in the returns ; and of the whole number, 22 
were published daily, 4 tri-weckly, 11 semi-weekly, 125 weekly, 3 semi-monthly. 29 monthly, and 7 quarterly. The total 
circulation of the dailies at each issue was 133,083 copies, of the tri-weeklies 3,000 copies, of the semi-weekHes 19,904 
copies, of the weeklies 389.102 copies, of the semi-monthlies 2.570 copies, of the monthlies 113,100 copies, and of Iho 
(jnarterlies 6,000 copies. Iloston is one of the principal literary cities of the Union, and many of its publications are 
favorably known throughout the world ; and in many other towns the periodical issues are conducted with great talent. 

Religion-^ Deuoinimilions, — In the t;ible underneath v/ill be found the statiistics of the several reUgious denominations, 
as returned in the census of 1850 : 



Dei.orarna- No. of 


clMircli 


Value of 


Denomina- No. of 


Ooir.li 


Value of 


Denomina. No. of 


ChurcU 


Value of 


ti.inj.. Cliur.I.efi. 


nccum. 


Proi>erty. 


Irons. Cburchfs. 


acorn. 


Properly. 


tions. Clrrrr,l.e» 


acconi. 


Property. 


Baptist 2i;2 . 


.114,1*1 


.$1,400 ,.350 


Gerni'n Kef, — . . 


— . 


$ - 


K. Catholic . 30 . 


30,315 . . 


$477,500 


Christian... 29 . 


. ll.O'iO 


84,250 


Jewish 1 . . 


200 . 


1,200 


Swerlenb'g . 3 .. 


1,340 . 


00,000 


Coiigree:at*1.4;}9 . 


.2;!7,23T 


. 3,2T0.0S9 


Lutheran . . 1 . . 


-450 . 


11,193 


Tunker — . . 


— .. 


— 


Dutch Ei-r.. — . 


— 


— 


Mennnnite. — . . 


— 


— 


Union G . 


1,S10 .. 


9,550 


Episcopal.. 5.3 . 


23,.5fl.5 . 


. 097.250 


Melhculisl.. 255 .. 


94,011 . 


9.34,3S0 


Unitarian ..103 , 


92.933 , 


2,320,147 


Free 8 . 


l.llllll . 


11, "60 


Moravian.. — .. 


_ . 


_ 


Univers.-ilisl.llT . 


49,.364 .. 


04:3,S75 


Friends ... 3T . 


1»,S23 . 


10S,00ll 


Presbytcr'n. 15 . . 


T,"S5 . 


S2,500 


Minor Sects 11 .. 


3,SS0 .. 


17,460 



—making a total of 1,430 churches, having accommodation for 682,908 persons, and valued as property at $10,205,384. 
Massachusetts constitutes .i diocese of the Protestant Episcopal Church, and is a portion of the Koraan Catholic diocese of 
Boston, province of New York. 

Pauperism ami Crime.— The number of persons relieved or supported as paupers, in 1S50, was 25.9S1, of whom 7,900 
were town paupers, and 16,058 State paupers: and of these Stale paupers 12,3^34 were foreigners. There were in theStato 
204 alms-houses, with 20.6.5-1 acres attached, the whole vahied at .$1,255,125. Number relieved in the alms-houses 12,.547, 
(the average being 4,825), of whom G,429 were unable to labor. Number relieved out of alms-house, 13,757. Average 
weekly cost of each pauper— in the alms-house $1 OSi, and outrdoors $0 98. Net expenses of alms-houses, including 
interest, $467,959. Estimated value of pauper labor in alms-houses, $17,966. An<l the report shows that 1.891 foreign 
paupers liad come into the State during the year; that 676 insane per-^ions and 890 idiots had iKjen relieved orsupported, 
and that 969 are paupers by reason of insanity or idiotcy, and it is probable that 14,674 were made paupers by hitemperauce 
in themselves or others. 

There were in the State prison at Cliarlestown, on the Ist October, 1849, 349 convicts, and 221 were received during the 
year imniedi.itely following, and 130 were discharged. The number in prison, on the 30th September, 1S50, was 440, of 
which 373 were committed for offenses against properly, and 67 for offenses against the person. Sentences — fur life 21, 
f'lr 35 years t, for 3tl yi-ars 1, for 20 years 1, for 18 years 3. f.'r terms bel"\v 18 and above 2 years 2T0, and for two years or 
less 143; and 161 were natives of Massachusetts, 143 of otherStates, and 186 foreigners. Average numtierof couvicla for 
the year, 411. The expenses of maintenance, etc.. was $45,261, and the proceeds of convict labor $45,817. 

At Weslboro' there is a State reform school for juvenile delinqnents. On the 1st December, ls^l9, there were 310 inmates ; 
received during the year K'G. and discharged 94; leaving 324 inm.ates on the 80lh Novemlx^r, IS.^0. All the boys are 
employeil, during a portion of the day, at some mechanical, agricullur.al, or domestic labor; they do their own washing, 
ironing, and cooking, and make and mend their own clothes. Each day, 4 hours are devoted to school, G to labor, S^ to 
sleep, and 5i to recreation and miscellaneous dulica. The buildings can accommodate 350 boys. The boys are healthy, 
and but four deaths had occurred dm'ing the year. 

453 



MASSACHUSETTS. 



The jails and houses of correction, in 1849-50, received 10,CG1 prisoners, andl,112 remained in conllDement on thclltb 
November, 1S50. Of the whole numbur, 9,180 were males, and 1,4S1 females— 1,619 minors, 535 colored, 3,533 able to 
read and write, 23 insane, 1,54.6 natives of Massaehusells, 832 natives of other States, 5,&5i foreigners, 2,429 nativity 
not known. Average cost of board for each prisoner, per week, $1 66. Total expense for the year, $102,*271. Estimated 
value of labor in houses of correction, $22,312. 

Historical Sketch.—The first accurate account of the country now called New England, was furnished by Bartholomew 
Gosnold, who, sailing from England in 1602 in a course nearly west, discovered a promontory which he called Cape Cod, 
Na^^gatiug the coast southwest, he touched at various points and examined the country. On his return, he gave so favor- 
nble an account of its climate and soil, as at once to revive the slumbering spirit of adventure and colonization. By the 
exertions of llackluyt, a man of science and learning, two companies were formed in 1606 — the first consisting of adven- 
turers chiefly of London, and the other of merchants of Plymouth and Bristol. The former settled Virginia, and the 
latter the provinces of New England. The Plymouth company was unfortunate in its first attempts. In 1G07, a party of 
about one hundred persons were landed, but these, discouraged, retimied the ensuing year, and no further attempts were 
made for some time aftenvard. Eeligious furvor, however, effected what commercial enterprises had failed to accomplish. 
In 1620, a congregation of English puritans, whom oppression had driven to Holland, obtained from the London company 
grants of land within their patent, and (in number 102) sailed from Pl>-mouth for the river Hudson, on the banks of which 
they had intended to have formed settlements. They were carried further north, however, and landed near Cape Cod. 
Their first care was now to form a civil government. They chose a governor, and to aid him an assistant, but the 
number of assistants was afterward increased to seven. The supreme power resided with the whole people, and it was 
not until 1639 that they established a representative body. In imitation of the primitive Christians they threw all 
their property into common stock, but experience soon taught Ihem the impracticabihty of such a system. In 1630, they 
obtained from the Plymouth company a grant of the land on which they had settled. These original colonists are 
now known by the title of the "Pilgrim Fathers," and the anniversary of their arrival is still religiously observed by their 
descendants. 

Although many detached parties were constantly arriving, the settlement progressed slowly. The first permanent town 
erected was Salem, and afterward CharIesloT\"n was built. A fresh spring, however, was given to the exertions of the 
Plymouth company in 162S, in which year it received a new patent, and its powers, which had previously been exercised 
in England, were now removed to America. Emigration hence became considerable; in July, 1630, seventeen ships 
arrived at Salem with 1,500 persons, by some of whom Boston was founded. The early years of the colonies were passed 
tinder a complication of troubles— the French and Indians hovered around them, and the poHcy of the people was dis- 
tasteftil to the Stuart dynasty. In 1G35 Charles I. appointed commissioners, with absolute powers " to make laws and 
constitutions concerning either the State, public, or the utility of individuals." Two years afterward he forbade the 
emigration of all non-conformists, and in 1G3S a quo warranto was issued, upon which judgment was given against the 
colonists without affording them a hearing. The slate of affairs at home, however, prevented any further prosecution of 
these designs on the part of the king. 

The political axiom of the times was, that the peace of the Slate depended upon the imity of religious opinion, and it 
was mainly the enforcement of this axiom that led to the persecation of dissenting sects by the established government. 
The experience of their own sufferings in England, from religious persecution, unfortunately taught the colonists no 
lesson of toleration. Scarcely had they organizetl themselves, than they began to put in practice a similar mode of com- 
pelling uniformity to that pursued by their own persecutors, and all not professing the peculiar views of the purilau 
government, then in vogue, were excluded from its protection. In 1635 the famous dispute arose respecting the covenant 
of grace and the covejiaiit of workSy and those who espoused the side of the latter being the most numerous, resorted to 
the accepted and ancient mode of glorifying God by persecuting their opponents. The leaders of the Antinomian party 
were banished, and thus contributed to the settlement of llhode Island, which had been begun the year previous by 
Eoger "Williams and a party exiled for a similar cause. 

The downfall of monarchy in England checked the progress of emigration, by securing protection to the puritans at 
home, but was, in many other respects, advantageous to the colonies. Their civil liberties were safer, and some exUraor- 
dinary privileges were granted to their commerce. The prospects of hostilities with the Indians, however, compelled 
Massachusetts, Plymouth, Connecticut, and New Haven to form a defensive confederation. On the Restoration Massa- 
chusetts was found to have increased in importance to such a degree, that the anxiety of the king was naturally awakened, 
leet an impression should be made in favor of the superior advantages of democratic institutions, and accordingly coercivo 
measures were adopted by the crown, and commissioners were appointed to superintend affairs. Tlie navigation laws 
were enforced, and the destruction of the colonial charters resolved upon, but death marred the execution of the project 
by Charles II. His successor James was equally hostile to freedom. He determined to unite all the provinces of New 
England into one g<5vemment under a president and council, and found a fit agent for his purpose in Su- Edmond 
Andross. After dissolving the charter governments of Connecticut and Khodc Island, the president proceeded to Massa- 
chusetts, where he compelled a temporary submission. Kemonslrances were in vaiu. The infatuated monarch was 
determined to crush the spirit of freedom in both bemispherc-s, and in Airtlieranee of his designs, annexed New York 
and New Jersey to the Union already formed. The government of Andross exi>ired with that of his royal master, and 
the former order of things was immediately restored. 

The people of Massachusetts, however, derived no great advantages from the Revolution. They petitioned for the legal 
restoration of their charter, which the judges of Charles 1 1, had declared to be forfeited, but they found to their dissatisfac- 
tion that they were not to expect the same liberal provisions as before. The king was to appoint the governor, and by 
him the assembly was to be called, prorogued, and dissolved, and by him all officers were to be appointed. By the new 
charter Plymouth was now finally united to Massachusetts. Notwithstanding its objectionable provisions, the new 
government went into operation without any interference on the part of the people, and this may not seem extraordinary 
when it is considered that the right of voting, which hitherto had been confined to church members, was now extended to 
ah freeholders. 

Almost the first act of the governor and counsel, on their coming into oflSco, was the institution of a court to try the 
unfort\mate victims of popular delusion accused of witchcraft at Salem. This delusion took possession of the minds of all, 
and so firmly convinced were the magistrates that the Prince of Darkness was in their midst, using human instruments to 
accomplish his purposes, that the slightest testimony was deemed suiBcieut to justify a committal for trial. Many were 
tried, and received sentence of death. The jails were full of the accused, and, alas I beforo the spell of infatuation was 
454 



MAS 



MAS 



broken, which was not before the rich and iaQuential became involved by accusations, no less than twenty unfortunates 
had undergone the penalty of the law ! 

The war with the French and Indians, which began in 1690, was not yet terminated. For seven years the frontiers 
were ravaged. Peace between England and France, which was concluded in 1697, was soon followed by peace with the 
savages. When war again broke out in Europe, in 1707, Massachusetts again joined in arras with the mother country, and 
contributed largely in money and men. While thus supporting the wars undertaken by England, however, the assembly 
did not forget its own rights, and was warmly engaged in contests with the royal governor. Every session presented a 
scene of altercation, and public business was with difficulty transacted, through the determination of the representalives 
not li> give a fixed salary to their governor, which the latter was resolved to obtain. 

War again brokii out between France and England in 1745. and an expedition aErainst Louisburg was projected in 
ilassaclmsetis. A powerful armament was prepared principally by this province, and the command given to Colonel 
Peppered, a rich merchant of Boston. The Ibrt was taken, but at the subsequent ])t'ave Louisburg was reahjred to the 
French, a proceeding wliich caused great discontent in Massachusetts. In the war which ended in the sul»)U£ration of 
Caiiaiia, M:xssachusctts suri)assed her former exertions in supporting the arms of England. In the year 1757 she had 
9,'iii0 men in the field, and maintained tiiis number until tlie return of peace in 1763. 

The extraordinary expenses of this war led to the imposition of internal taxes on the very colonies which had expended 
so much blood and treasure in their support Massachuselta was the first to remonstrate agxnst, and the most strenuous 
to oppose, this injustice. At the recommendation of her court it was that the first continent^il oongress was convened. 
When, after the repeal of the sl^imp act, the duty on tea was attempted to be imposed, the earliest popular movements 
appeared at Boston. The attempts uf the British ministry to enforce obedience only strengthened the cause tif the 
colonists, and the flame of war which broke out in Massachusetts gradually extended itself over the whole Anglo- American 
possessions. Massachusetts was, in the early part of the contest, the theatre of hostilities, by which she suEFered much, 
while she contributed greatly by her exertions to the successful issue of the conflict. 

Tlie extreme pressure of the taxes consequent on these exertions led to serious discontent among the people after the 
peace of 17SS. The govemmeut was feebly administered, and at length, in 17S6. an open insurrection took place in the 
western counties. The insurgents, under a popular leader, named Shays, committed great excesses, and all order for a 
time was suspeuded. They were at length overcome by General Sheppard, and their leaders driven out of the State. 

Massachusetts ratified the federal constitution on the 6th Feliruary, 17SS. 

The policy of the State, during the war c)f 1S12, was in opposition to that of the general government Her political 
weight h.*id always been cast in the scale of the federal party. The whole people were vehemently opposed to the war, 
and her governors refused to place the State militia under the control of their political opponents. From this period to 
the Convention at Hartford, in which Massachusetts took an active part, the acts of her party leaders uniformly tended to 
embarrass the government Massachusetts suffered somewhat in her commerce during the latter ])art of the war, but 
except in the occupation of a part of the then district of Maine by British forces, experienced little injury from the contest 
It was during the wars which succeeded the French Kevolution, and this war, that tlie manufacturing interests of Massa- 
chusetts took root and obtained a permanent stabihiy. 

Maine Ititherto had been attached to Massachusetts, but in 1S20 this connection was dissolved by mutual consent, and 
Hie former was admitted as an independent State of the United States. 

pQ.sTOK, on Massachusetts Bay, is the pohtical capital of the State. 



Massac county, 111. Situate in the extreme S., and con- 
tains 234 sq. m. Ohio r. Is its S. boundary, and in the N. is 
the Pond Slougli, a line of ponds and marshes, with islauds 
of rich land between, but it has no considerable streams. 
On the Ohio is a tract of drj' barrens, and further N. much 
excellent land. Com is the staple product Tobacco is 
raised, and beef and pork are exported. Farms 885 ; 
m.imif. 11; dwell. 704, and pop.— wh. 4,070, fir. coL 22 — 
total 4,092. Cupitiil : Metropolis. 

Massanuttox, p. o., Page co., Vtrg. : 9T m. N. N. W. 
Eichraond. Near it is a beautiful sheet of water on Massa- 
nutton Mountain, which has an unbroken fall of near 50 
feet below which the water flows in a deep chasm of lime- 
stone rock with banks nearly perpendicular. The fall pre- 
sents a beautiful spectacle. 

Masses A, t and p. v., St. Lawrence co., y. Y.: 165 m. 
N. by W. Albany. Drained by Kackelt and Grass r., flow- 
ing into the St Lawrence, the latter bomiding it on the N. 
Surface pleasantly diversified : soil rich and fertile, proiluc- 
ing grass and grains. There is an extensive sulphur spring 
near Racket r., which evolves large quantities of suljdiu- 
rcted hydrogen gas, and contains carbonates of soda, lime, 
magnesia, and sulphur. There is extensive water-power 
here which is improved, and moves several large mills. 
The V. contains several mills, workshops, and stores, and 
about 400 inhabitants. Pop. of t 2,in5. 

Masskt's Cross Koads, p. o., Kent co., Mc/. : 45 m. N. E. 
Annapolis. 

Massilox. p. v., Stark co., Ohio: on the left bank of Tus- 
carawas r., 93 ni. N. E, Columbus. At this point also the 
Ohio Canal and the Ohio and Pennsylvania R. E. intersect, 
furnishing avenues of travel and transportation in every di- 
rcclion. MassUon waa founded in 1S26— in 1340 it contain- 



ed 1 ,422 inhabitants, and in 1^0 upward of S,500 inhabitants. 
It is one of the most flourishing interior towns of the State, 
and is the dep6t of a rich and extensive agricultural vicinity. 
It has been called, and not inaptly, the " wheat city," its trade 
in that staple being enormous. The v. is neatly and substan- 
tially built and many of the dwellings and warehouses are 
of stone, which is abundant in the neighborhood, and the 
bridge over the Tuscarawas is also an elegant st<^'ne struc- 
ture. Tho manufactures of Massilon are in a flourishing 
condition, and comprise a considerable variety of handi- 
crafts — iron-ware and flour being the principal products. 
Bituminous coal ol an excellent quality is abimdant, and has 
been mined for several years. The aggregate exports and 
imports of this pl.ace are estimated at nearly $5,000,000 an- 
nually. A bank is located here. The newspapers publish- 
ed hero are, the *'M. News" (indep.), the "Wheat City 
Mercury" (dem.), and the '* Missionary Messenger" (Luth.), 
all published weekly. The v. has several good schools, 
among which the Union School stands pre-eminent, and 
also churches of the principal Christian denominations. The 
locjitiou of Massilon is well chosen, and is one abounding 
in rich and warm scenery; its vicinity is thickly settled, 
and villages have sprung up on all sides. On the west side 
of the river is a suburb of the v., called West Massilon, 
which will probably become a large place, having equal 
facilities with the original village. 

Massilon, p. v., AUen co., Ind, : in S. E. part of county, 
99 m. N. E. Indianapolis. 

Masstlos, p. v., Clinton co., la. : near W. boundary of 
county, 2 m. N. Wapsipinicon r, 37 m. N. E. Iowa City. 

Masten's Cokxek. p. o., Kent co., Del.: 5 m. W. Dover. 

Mastersonville, p. v., Lancaster Co., Fenn. : 39 m. S. E. 
Harris burg 

455 



MAS 



MAU 



Masteeton, p. T., Monroe co., OJdo: HO in. E. by S. 
Columbus. 

Mast Uope, sla., Sullivan en., K. T.: oa Ihe New York 
and Erie U. li., I'^O m. New York. 

Mast Yaud, p. v., Mcrrimac co., JV! JIavip. ; on N. side 
of Contoocook r., a branch of the Merriinac r., 7 m. W. 
Concord. The Concord and Claremont 11. K. passes through 
the v., distant 19 m. from Bradfurd, at which place staj^es 
connect with cars for Newberry, Sunapee, Newport, Clare- 
mont, etc. 

Matagorda county, Tkp. Situate S. E. on the Gulf, and 
contains 992 sq. m. Colorado r. flows S. through the mid- 
dle, and many small streams empty iulo Matagorda Bay, 
the largest being the Trespalacios and Cancy l)ayoux. Sur- 
face almost uniformly level. Most of tlio county is open 
prairie, but the Colorado and Cancy have broad forests on 
either side, and the smaller streams have all narrow b'dts 
of timber. Soil exceedingly rich, being generally a deep 
black mold, free from stones, with a substratum of red 
loam; near the Caney it is of a uuilatto color, light and 
friable, but clammy and adhesive near Die prairies. Corn 
and cotton produce large crops. Tobacco of the very best 
kind is raised in the S., and the coast region is eminently 
fitted for rice-growing. The sugar raised is superior, and 
the county is admirably adapted to its cultivation. "When 
the rafts are removed the rivers will open abundant com- 
munication with the interior. Farms BO; manuf. 0; dwell. 
1T6, and pop.— wh. 913, fr. col. 3, si. 1,20S— total 2,124. 
Capital: Matagorda. 

Matagorda, p. v., and cap. Matagorda co., Teit.: on an 
elevated plain at the S. W. corner of Bay Prairie, 2 m. E. 
of the outlet of Colorado r., on tlie N. bank of Matagorda 
Bay, 133 m. S. E. Austin City. It is the only important v. 
in the county, it has an excellent harbor, and is at all sea- 
6or;5 approachable by vessels drawing 8 and 9 feet of water. 
"When the raft of the Colorado shall have been removed, 
this town will become the dep6t of one of the most fertile, 
productive, and extensive sections of Texas. " The Colo- 
rado Tribune" is the name of a weekly issue. 

Matamoea, p. o., Hardeman co., Tenn. : 155 m. S. W. 
Nashville. 

Matamouas, p. o., Montgomery co., iVi Ctir. : SI m. S.W. 
Raleigh.^ 

Matherton, p. 0., Ionia county, Mich. : 25 m. N. W. 
Lansing. 

Matildavtllk, p. v., St. Lawrence co., K Y. : on Racket 
r., 14T m. N. N. W. Albany. 

Matildaville, p. v.. Clarion co., P^rm. : on tho 8, side 
of Clarion r., C7 m. N. by E. Pittsburg, and 155 W. N. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Mattapokt river, Tirg. : rises in Spottsylvania county, 
and is formed by the junction of Mat, Ta, Po, and Ny rivers. 
At the 9. E. point of King "WiUiam County it unites with 
Famunky r. to form York river. 

Mattai'Oisett, p. o., Plymouth co., JJ/tw^. ; on Buzzard's 
Bay, 53 m. S. by E. Boston. The fishery is the chief em- 
plojTnent of the inhabitants, and is carried to a great extent. 
There is a fine harbor by the same name which makes up 
to the v. and affords good anchorage. 

Mattawamkeag, p. v., Penobscot co.. Me.: on tlie E. 
side of the Penobscot r., 113 m. N. E. Augusta. 

Mattawan, p. v., Van Buren co., Mich. : G9 m. 8. "W. 
Lansing. The Michigan Central B. R. passes tho v. 12ti m. 
distant Detroit and 127 Chicago. 

Matteawan, p. v., Duchess co., J^. Y. : on Fishkill cr., 
1} m. from the landing on the Hudson, 77 ra. S. Albany. 
The creek has here a fall of 40 feet, and afTonls extensive 
water-power, which is improved for nuinnfacturing pur- 
poses. The v. contains about 2,000 inhabitants, and is tho 
Beat of extensive iron-works and machine shops, and has 
besides these several cothm and other factories, chiefly en- 
gaged in the manufacture of heavy gootls. 
MATTnEws county, Mrg. Situate S. E. on the Chcsa- 
45G 



peake, and contains 89 sq. m. Piankatank r. is its N- 
bounihiry, and Mobjack Bay lies on the S., into which East 
r. flows, the largest stream of the connty. Surface low and 
level ; soil of average fertlHty. Com is the staple, and 
there is some good wheat land. The bays and creeks 
abound m flne oysters, and the shad and herring fi^heriea 
are very valuable. It has no mill-streams, but winil-mills 
and tide-mills are used. On the Piankatank is excellent 
ship limber. I'arms 293; manuf. .3; dwell. 711, and pop. — 
wh. 3,G44, fr. col. 147, si. 2,923.— total C,"14. Cajntal: 
Matthews C. H. ^ 

MA-rrnEW's C. H., p. v., and cap. Matthews co., Virg. : in 
the centre of county, 9 m. N. W. New Point Comfort, and 
59 m. E. Richmond. 

Matthkw's Miu,s, p. o., Richland co„ III.: on W. side 
Fox r., 109 m. S. E. Springfield. 

Matthew- 's Store, p. o., Anne Arundel co., Md. : 15 m. 
N. by W. Annapolis. 

Matthewsville, p. v., Pocahontas co., Virrj.: 123 m. 
■\V. N. W. Richmond. The v. is situate at the foot of the 
Alleghany Mountains, which iwund the county on Ihe E. 

Mattison, t, and p. o.. Branch co,, Mich.: 01 ni. S. W. 
Lansing. Drained by St. Joseph's r. and Swan er.. one of 
its branches. There is a pond in tho S. E. part of the L 
Surface roihng; soil dark, rich, sandy loam, with oak open- 
ings. The timber land affords excellent grazing, the re- 
mainder is well adapted to grain. Pop. of t. 475. 

MATTiTrcK, p. v., Suffiilk CO., K. y. : on the Long Island 
R. R., S3 m. New York, 133 m. S. E. Albany. It is a small 
V. situate midway between Great Pcconic Bay and Long 
Island Sound. It contains a church and about 35 dwellings. 
Mattoax, sta,, Amelia co., Virg. : on the Richmond and 
Danville R. R., 27 m. S. "W. Richmond. 

MAUcn Chunk, t., p. v., and cap. Carbon oo., Penn,: 
71 m. N. E. llarrisbm-g. Surface mountainous ; soil gravelly. 
Drained by Beaver, Mauch Chunk, and other creeks which 
empty into the Lehigh r. The v. is situate at the head of 
Ihe Lehigh Canal, on which the great bulk of the coal is 
carrieil to market, and on the W. bank of Lehigh r., in a 
beautiful ra^■ine, walled in on either side by rocky mount- 
ains of a great height, forming a very picturesque appear- 
ance. This being an important coal regiim, the iuhahilants 
are chiefly employed in mining and shipping coal. There 
is but little of the t. under culture, provisions being brought 
from a distance. There are two anthracite bliLSt fiiniiicea 
here, each having an annual cap.aeity of 2,000 tons. The great 
coal mine is reached by an inclined plane some 700 feet in 
length with a 200 feet rise. A raUway extends to the mine. 
The Mauch Chunk and Summit Hill R. li. verges from 
here and connects with the Philadelphia and Reading R. K. 
by stage from Summit Hill to Tamaqua, distance by stage 
<■» m. Besides the court-house and usual public buihiings, 
there are some flne stores, dwellings, and a number of mills 
and workshops in the t. There are two weekly newspapers 
published here, the " Carbon Democrat" (dem.), and " Car- 
bon County Gazette" (whig). Pop. of t. 2,55S. 

Mauckport, p. v., Harrison co., Ind.: on the N. hank 
of the Ohio r., near the mouth of Buck cr., 115 m, S. 
Indianapolis. 

Maulding'8 Mills, p. o., "Wayne co., III. : 115 m. S. E. 
Springfield, on the W. side Slrillet Fork of Little "Wabash. 

Maumee City, p. v., and cap. Lucas co., Ohio : on (he W. 
side of Maumee r,, at the foot of the rapids and at tlie head 
of navigation, 113 m. N. N. "W. Columbus. The "Wabash 
and Erie Canal passes tlio v., and is connected with the 
river by a siile cut, affording it excellent conunercial facil- 
ities. It contains a court-house and other county buildings, 
churches of several denominations, numerous stores, and 
several factories and flouring mills driven by the excellent 
water-power afl"orded by the rapids above the place. Pop. 
1,757. The "Maumee River Times" (whig) is published 
hero weekly. 
Maumee river, Ohio. This river rises in tho N. E. part 



MAU 



MAY 



of Indiana, and flowing N. E., enters Luke Erie through 
Maumee Bay. It is formed by the jmu-lion of Lltllc ^I. 
Joseph's, St. Mjiry's, and tiruat and Liltie Au-jhiisc rivers. 
Its length is about 100 m., and 50 m. from ils nioulh it is 70 
rods wide. Tlienavigaliuu is open to schooners and steam- 
boats IS m. to Perrysburg, and in spring and fall is buatiible 
to Fort "Wayne, and at all limes furnishes extensive water- 
power. The "Wabash and Erie Canal is constructed along 
ils banks, The country on its borders is very produftive. 

MiCiiELLE, p. o., Pulaski co., Ark. : 15 m. N. W. Little 
Kock. 

Maurice river, N. Jer. : a tributary of Dehiwarc r. from 
Gloucester co. It is navigable '2(1 m. for vessels of SO or 100 
tons. It has fine embanked meadows, and on its upper 
course atTurds valuable water-power. Excellent oysters are 
taken at lis mouth. 

Maukicetown, p. v., Cumberland county, N. Jer. : on "W. 
bank of Maurice r., 10 ra. from its mouth and 61 m. S. ^ W. 
Trenton. 

Maukil's, p. v., Yigo CO., Ind. : near a fork of f lu-mau's 
or., 71 m. W. S. W. Indianapolis. 

MArp.Y county, Ttiui. ti^ituate W. centrally, and contains 
49S sq. m. Drained by Duck r. and its l)ranchos. Surface 
diversified; soil very fertile, adapted equally to grass or 
grain. Corn is the great staple, and the crop very large. 
Cotton is a heavy product ; and wheat and the other grains 
and tobacco all succeed well. The i)asturo8 are fine, and feed 
great numbers of cattle and sheejt. Pork is a very heavy 
export. It has extensive and flourishing manufactures of 
cotton and woolen goods, litiuors, leather, flour, iron-ware, 
etc. Farms L501 ; manuf. 112; dwell. 2,%1, and pop.— 
wh. 16,760, fr. col. 90, sL 1*2.670— total 29,520. CapiUil: 
Columbia. Public Works: Nashville and Alabama li. E. 

Mavais, p. v., Osage co., Mo. : on "W. bank of Mavais cr., 
a tributary of Osage r., 23 m. S. by E. JeOtrson City. 

Masey, p. v., Ogletliorpe co., (J(i. : 47 m. N. Milledgeville, 
on the Athena Branch of Georgia E. K., 13 m. from Union 
Point station. 

Maxfield, t. and p. v., Penobscot co., Jfe. : S7 m. N. E. 
Augusta. Drained by Piscataquis river and Sebois stream. 
Surface rolling; soil fertile; well adapted to grain, Tiie v. 
is pleasantly situate on N. side of Piscataquis r. Water- 
power is good and is used by several saw-mills. Population 
of the 1. 186. 

Maxwell, p. o., Delaware co., Ohio: 21 m. N. Columbus. 

May, p. o., Lancaster county, Pt/in. : 39 m. E. by S. 
Harrisburg. 

Mayberky, p. o., Lewis county, Mo. : 105 m. N. by E. 
JeflTerson City. 

Maybls'tox, p. v., Newberry dist., S. Car.: on a small 
cr. which flows into the Cougaree r., 39 m. N. W. Columbia. 

Mayfield, p. 0., Warren county, Ga. : on the E. side of 
Ogeechee r., 39 m. N. E. Milledgeville. 

Mavftelo, p. v., and cap. Graves co., Xy. .• on a branch 
of Mayfield r., 229 m. S. W. Frankfort. It contains a court- 
house, jail, several stores and dwellings, and about 200 
inhabitants. 

Mayfield, p. o., Jackson county, Tout.: 61 m. N. N. E. 
Nashville. 

Mayfield, t. and p. v., Fulton co., K Y. : 33 ra. N. W. 
Albany. Drained by tributaries of Sacondaga r. tSurface 
mountainous; soil sandy and clay loam, well adapted to 
grain. The Mayfield ridge crosses the N. part. The v. of 
Mayflelil is situate centrally, and contains about 30 dwell- 
ings. The town has several considerable and important 
manufactures. Pop. 3,429. 

Mayfield. I. and p. o., Cuyahoga co., 07iio : 129 m. N. E. 
Columbus. Drained by Chagrinc r. and some small creeks 
which empty into Lake Erie. Surface level ; soil fertile. 
Pop. of 1. 1,117. 

>L\TFiELD, p. 0., Isle of Wight CO., Vlrrj. ; 57 m. S. E. 
Eichmond. 

May FLOWEfi, p. o., Otsego co., A' T. : 63 m. W. AIb.any. 

K3 



May IliLL, 1). o., Lee co.. III. : 133 m. N. Springfield. 
Mayo. i>. v., llabfax county, Virg.: un the Halifax and 
BijydloTi post-road, 9o m. 8. \V. Eichmond. 

Mayo.mno, p. o., Patrick county, Vlrg. : 157 m. S.W. by W. 
Eichmond. 

Mayi'ORT Mills, p. v., Duval co., Flor. : on tho N. bank 
of St. 'John's r., 157 m. E. Tallaha'^see. 

May's Landing, p. v., and cap. Atlantic co., X. Jer. : on 
Great Egg Harbor r., at the bead of sloop navigation, 16 ni, 
from the ocean, and 51 in. S. Trenton. It has a consiik-rable 
trade in wood and lumber, and ship-building is carrieil on 
to some extent. It is built on both sides of the r., and con- 
Uiins a court-house, Beveral stores, and workshops. Pop. 
about 250. 

May's Lick, p. o.. Mason co., Ay.: near Johnson's cr., 
61 m. N. E. Fraiiklbrt, 

Mavhvtlm;, p. v., and cap. Clay co., 7/^. .- on tho outskirts 
of Twelve Mile Prairie, 99 m. S. E. Springflehi, 2 in. W. 
Lillle Wabash r. The court-house is situaletl here. 

Maysville, p. v., Mason co., Kt/.: on the S. side of Ohio 
river, 73 m. N. E. Frankfort. It is situate on a high bank, 
and is backed by hiUs which rise to a considerable height. 
For many years it was known as "Limestone," from the 
creek of that name, which here enters the Ohio. It is 
regularly laid otit, the streets crossing each other at right 
angles, and most of its stores and dwellings are substantially 
built. The principal buildings are the city hall, 7 or S 
churches, 12 schools and seminaries, a hospital, a bank, 2 
steam cotton factories, a bagging factory, 2 foundries, 5 or 6 
rope-walks, several saw and flour mills, and other factories, 
about 50 groceries, wholesale and retail, 27 dry goods stores, 
several pork-packing establishments, 4 lumber yards, and 
numerous other manufacturing and trading establishments. 
The newspapers published here are the "Post Boy" (indcp.), 
and the *'M. Eagle" (whig), both issued tri-weekly and 
weekly, and the "M. Flag" (clem.) and tho '-M. ITerahP 
(whig), both weekly issues. Maysville is one of the most 
important places in Kentucky ; it has a good harbor, and is 
the port of a large and productive section (4' the State, and 
when the railroads now in progress— the Majsviile and 
Lexington E. E., antl the Maysville and Big Sandy E. li.— 
are completed, its commercial field will be immeasurably 
enlarged, and the i)rospects of its becoming a firsl-r.ate 
mart greatly favored. The great road leading from Chilli- 
cothe, in Ohio, to Lexinglt>n, passes through this place. 
The V. was first settled in 17s4, under the auspices of Simon 
Kenton; in 17S6 it was the residence of Daniel Boone, the 
famous pioneer; until lsl5 it made little progress; in 1S33 
it was incorporated ; in 1S40 it contained 2,741 inhabitants, 
and in 1S50, 4,255 inhabitants. Its population within the 
past two years since 1S50 is supposed to have gained 50 per 
cent, in numbers, an increase dependant on the great facili- 
ties its railroad connections will give to its trade. 

Maysville, p. c, Jackson county, Ga. : 73 m. N. N. W. 
Milledgeville. 

Maysville, p. o., Madison county, Ahi.: 167 m. N. J W. 
Montgomery. 

Maysville C. H., p. v., and cap. De Kalb co., Mo. : on a 
branch of Blue creek, centre of co., 149 m. N. E. JefTersou 
City. 

Maysville, p. v., and cap. Buckingham co., V!rg. : on 
Slate r., 57 m. W. Richmond. It contains the county build- 
ings, several stores, and about 300 inhabitants. 

Maysvillf., p. v., Benton co., Ark, : on a braneh of Flag 
cr., near Bates Prairie, 175 m. N. W. Little Eoek. 

Maysville, p. v., Huntingdon county, /?W. ; 79 m. N. E. 
Indianapolis. 

Maysville, p. o., Greenbrier co., Virff. : 173 m. W. by N. 
Eichmond. 

Maytown, p. v., Lancaster co., Penn,: 21 m. S. E. 
Harrisburg. It is located about 3 m. N. E. from Susque- 
hanna r., and contains several stores, and about 200 inhab- 
itants. 

45T 



MAY 



MEC 



Mayville, p. v.. ami cnp. Chautauquo co., J^ K; at the 
N. W. end of Chautauquo lake, 299 m. W. by S. Albany. 
It contains the county buildings. The v. is pleasantly situ- 
ated, and is accessihle by steamboat. The "M. Sentinel" 
(deni.), " M. Beacon" (whig), and "M. Kxpress" (deni), are 
published here. It has several shops and stores, and about 
COO inhabitants. 

^[ayville. p. T., Dodge co., Wi^c. : on N. side of Rock r, 
47 m. N. E. Madison. 

Mazun, p. v., Grundy co., III. : on the "W. side of Mazon 
r., and on the border of Grand Prairie, which covers the 
S. E. part of the county. 

Meaue county, Ay. Situate N. "W., and contains 279 
sq. m. Drained by Otter, Wolf, and Spring creeks, small 
affluents of the Ohio, which forms its N. boundary. Sur- 
face uneven, and in parts hilly ; soil mostly fertile. Com, 
wheat, and tobacco are the principal crops. It has consider- 
able water-power and manufactories of woolen and cotton 
goods, flour, and liquors. Farms 4S9; manuf. 7; dwell. 
947, and pop.— wh. 5,799, fr. coL 21, sL 1,573— total 7^98. 
Capital: Brandenburg. 

Mkaderville, p. o., Macon co., Tenn.: 47 m. N, E. 
Nashville. 

Meadow BLTm?", p. o., Greenbrier co., Virff.: on W. bank 
of Meadow r., 179 m. W. by N. llichmond. 

Meadow Branch, p. o., Jackson county, 0?do : CI m. 
S. by E. Columbus. 

Meadow Ceeek, p. o., Orange co., IT. Ca/t. : 35 m. N. "W. 
Raleigh. 

Meadow Ckkek, p. o., Whitley co., Ki/. : 97 m. S. by E. 
Frankfort 

Meadow Dale, p. o., ITighland co., V^rg. : 119 ra. N. W. 
Richmond. 

Meadow Faem, p. o., Muskingum co., Ohio: 53 m. E, 
Columbus. 

Mead's Bason, p. v., Passaic ro., K Jer. : on the Morris 
aud Essex Canal, 57 m, S. by W. Trenton. 

Mead's Coknees, p. o., Crawford co., Penn. : 191 m. N.W. 
narri!rl)ui^. 

Mead's Mill, p. o.,Wayne co., Mich. : 65 m. S. E. Lansing. 

Meadsville, p. o., Jackson county, Ala. : 155 miles N. 
Montgomery. 

Mbadville, p. v., and cap. Franklin co., Mss. : on Mor- 
gan's Fork, a l)ranch of Ilomoehitto r., 69 m. S. W, Jackson. 
The court-house is situate in this village. 

Meadville, p. v., and cap. Crawford co,, Penn. : on the 
E. side of French cr., 93 m. N. W. by W. Ilarrisburg. It is 
very pleasantly located on an elevation rising gradually from 
the r. In the centre is a fine square, on one side of which 
is the court-house, built of brick and cut stone, and orna- 
mented with a fine cupola. It contains a number of churches, 
an academy, and a State arsenal, and is the seat of the Alle- 
ghany College, founded in lsl7, having (in 1S50) a president, 
7 professors, 114 alumni, and lOG students, with a library 
containing 8,200 volumes. The Western Theological School, 
also situate^l here (commenced in 1^44), has 4 professors 
and 40 students. The library contains 8,000 volumes. 
Meadville is also a manufacturing place. It has several 
furnaces, tanneries, distilleries, mills, etc., and here are pul>- 
lished four newspapers, the " Crawford Democrat" (dem.), 
the "M. Gazette" (whig), the "Pennsylvania Senlinel" 
(dem.), and the ■' Whig Journal" (whig), all issued weekly. 
Pop. 1,725. 

MEAnviLLK, p. 0., Halifax county, Tirg.: 105 m. S. W. 
Richmond. 

Meadway, p. 0., Biu-ke counlj', Ga.: 75 m. W. by S. 
Milled gevillo. 

Meansville, p. 0., Union dist, S. Car. : 67 ra. W. N. W. 
Columbia. 

Mrcoa, t. and p. o., Trumbull county, Ohio : 149 m. N. E. 
Columbus. Drained by tlie Musquito r. and its braiwhes, a 
tributiiry of llie (>hio r. Surface undulating; soil fertile, 
and adapted to grazing. Pop. of t. 873. 
4S8 



Meciianicsbukg, p. v., Lehigh co., Penn. : 69 m. E. N. E- 
Harrisburg. 

MEcuANicSBtjEG, p. V., Sangamon co., M : 13 m. E. by N. 
Springfield, on a fertile prairie, 4 m. W. Sangamon r. 

MEonASicSBUBO, p. v.. Champaign co,, Ohio: on Littlo 
Darby cr., 33 m. W. Columbus. It contains several mills, 
mechanic shops, etc., and 6S2 inhabitants. 

Mechanicsbueq, p. c, Henry county, Ind. : S9 m. N. E. 
Indianapolis. 

Mecuanicsbukq, p. b., Cumberland co., Petin. : 12 m. W. 
by S. Harrisburg. The Cumberland Valley E. li. passes 
through it, 10 m. from Carlisle. It contains a number c)f 
distilleries, flouring-miUs, saw-mills, etc, and about 6U0 
inhabitants. 

Mbchahtcsbubg, p. o., Macon co., Mo. : 91 m. N. N. W. 
Jefferson City. 

MECuANicSBuitG, p. V., Van Buren co., la. : in a beautiful 
and well-cultivated district, lOS m. S. S. E. Iowa City. 

Mkchanicsburg, p. v., Giles co., Virg. : on a branch of 
New r., near Walker's mln., 199 m. W. by S. Kiohmond, 

MECiLiJiic's Falls, p. v., Cumberland co., Me. : on the 
Androscoggin r., 34 m. S. W. Augusta. The Buckfield 
Branch K. R. here diverges from the Atlantic and St. Law- 
rence R. R., 36 m. from Portland, The water-power is hero 
immense. 

Mechanic's Grove, p. c, Lancaster co.^ Pe?in.: 35 m. 
S. E. Harrisburg. 

Mechaxicstown, p. v., Frederick co., Md. : 65 m. N. W. 
Annapolis. 

Mf:eiL\N'irsT0WN, p. v., Carroll CO., 0?iio: 113 m. E. N. E. 
Columbus. 

Mecuanicsville, p. v., Jasper co., Ga. : about IJ m. E. 
Ocmulgee r., and 43 m. N. W. by W. Milledgevilie. 

Mecuamcsville, v. and sta., Westchester co., iV. Y. : on 
the line of the Harlem R. E., 45 m. from City Hall of New 
York City. 

MEcuANicaviLLE, p. V., Saratoga co., N. K .• on the W. 
bank of the Hudson r., 17 m. N. Albany, and at the mouth 
of Anthony's Kill, the outlet to Round Lake. There are 
several mills of different kinds, a number of factories and 
worksliops, and a match factory here. The Champlain 
Canal and Rensselaer aud Saratoga E. R. pass through the 
v., 11 ra. N.Troy. 

Mecuanicstille, p. 0., Cannon co., TeJin. : 45 m. E. S. E. 
Nashville. 

Mecuantcsttlle, p. v., Sumter dist., S. Car.: on the 
Sumterville post-road, 41 m. E. by N. Columbia. 

Mechanicsvtlle, p. 0., Rutland co., Venn.: 49 m. 8. W. 
Montpelier. 

Meghan icsvTLLE, p. v., Bucks co., Penn.: 95 m. E. Har- 
risburg. Tliis place was formerly called Newark. 

MEruAMCsviLLE, p. V., Louisa co., Virg. : 46 m. N. W. 
Richmond. 

Meciu'm's Rtver, p. o., Albemarle co., Virg.: 107 m. 
W. N. W. Richmond. The river is here crossed by the 
Virginia Central R. R., 10 m. W. Charlotteville. 

Mecklenbubg county, A'! Car. Situate S. W., and con- 
tains 57S sq. m. Bounded W. by the Catawba, and drained 
by its branches, M'AIpin's, Gn-at and Little Sugar, David- 
son's, and other creeks. Surface moderately uneven, and 
soil very fertile. Cotton is the staple. Corn and wheat are 
very fine crops, and the grazing is excellent; live-stock, 
wool, and pork are exported. Fine mill-sonfs are abund- 
ant, and it has large flouring-mills and distiMi'rics. Several 
rich gold-mines are in this county. Davidson College, 
founded 1S33. is in the N. E. part of Mecklenburg, and hiis 
a president and 4 professors, and in 1S50 had 140 alumni, 
60 students, and a library of 5,000 volumes. Farms 1,080; 
manuf. 16; dwell. 1,632, and pop.— wh. S,2&4, fr. col. 15-3, si. 
5,473_total 13,914. Capital: Charlotte. Puhlio Works: 
North Carolina Central R. R. ; Charlotte and South Carolina 
R. R., etc. 

Meoklesbtteg county, Virg. Situate E. on S. line, aud 



MEG 



MEI 



contains 6S5 sq. m. Bonmlcd N. by Melierrin river, and 
drained by branches of the Koanoke, which flows E. throui^h 
the S, part. Surface uueveji— in parts hilly ; soil generally 
fertile, with many tracts of pasture land. Tobacco is the 
staple, and the production very large ; cotton and wheat are 
also excellent crops, and the number of sheep reared is 
large. It has good water-power, fine timber, and manu- 
factures flour, leather, iron castings, etc. liandolph Macon 
College is in Mecklenburg. Farms GGO; manuf. 25; dwell. 
1,500, and pop.— wh. 7,256, ft. eol. 912, si. 12,40*2— total 
20,630. Capital : Boydton. Public Wot-As : lioanoke 
Valley R. R. 

Mecklknbtjrg, p. v., Knox co., Tf-nn. : on the E. side of 
Ilolston r., above the junction of French Broad r., 166 m. E. 
Nashville, and 12 m. E. by S. from Knoxville. 

Mecklenburg, p. v., Tompkins co., N. Y. : on the Ithaca 
post-road, 159 m.AV. Albany. There are a number of mills, 
factories, and workshops here, and about 400 inhabitants. 

Mecosta county, ^Ilch. Situate centrally on Lower 
Peninsula, and contains 720 sq. m. Maskcgon river flows 
S. W. through the "W. part, and has numerous branches 
which drain the co. In the N. are many ponds, among 
them Chippewa Lake, the source of Chippewa river, whose 
■waters flow into Lake Huron. The surface is elevated and 
rolling, with a fine growth oflimber. It is unorganized. 

Medary, p. o., Putnam county, Ohio: 106 m. N. W. 
Columbus. 

Medfield, t. and p. v., Norfolk co., Mass. : 15 m. S. "W. 
Boston. Drained by Charles and Stop rivers. Surface di- 
versified; soil fertile and well cultivated. There are in the 
town several mills and manufactories, among the latter of 
which there are some of straw goods, which are in a flour- 
ishing condition. The v, contains several stores and work- 
shops, and about 50 dwellings. Pop. of t. 966. 

Medford, t. and p. v., Middlesex co., Jfass. : at the head 
of navigation, on the Mystic river, 5 m. N. by W. Boston. 
Drained by Mystic r. and its branches. Surface imdulatuig ; 
soil good and well cultivated. Medford is a flourishing t., 
having a large number of manufactories of various kinds, 
producing Unseed oil, spirits, bricks, leather, plows, etc-, 
together with a number of mills and workshops. Ship- 
building is carried on successfully to a largo extent. The 
Boston and Lowell E. R., as also the Middlesex Canal, pass 
through it, the latter 7 m. from Boston. The village, situate 
centrally, contains a mimber of stores and workshops. "West 
Medford is the name of a station on the line of the It. E., 21 
miles from Lowell. Pop. of t. 3,740. 

Medford, p. v., Burlington co., y. Jer. : 23 m, S. Trenton. 
It contains a Friends' meeting-house, half a dozen stores, 
and about 800 inhabitants. 

Medina county, Ohio. Situate N. E., and contains 416 
aq. m. Drained by Rocky r., E. I)ranch of Black r., and 
branches of Chippewa and Cuyahoga rivers. Surface roll- 
ing ; soil of great fertility, equally adapted to grass and 
grain. "Wheat and com are the leading cereals. The grazing 
lands are very fine — the dairies large, and wool and pork 
considerable exports. It has some water-power and nu- 
merous small manufactories. Farms 2,461 ; manuf. 77; 
dwell. 4,430, and pop,— wh. 24,411, fr. col. 30— total 24,441. 
Capital: Medina. 

Medina county. Tea. Situate S. W., and contains 1,214 
sq. m. Bounded N. E. by Medina and San Antonio rivers, 
and drained by Hondo, Seco, and Deer creeks of the Rio 
Frio and Chaean and Perez creeks of the San Miguel. Sur- 
face undulating, with elevations of considerable height in 
the N., and mostly a rolling prairie, with narrow strips of 
wood on the streams. Soil very fertile, producing large 
crops of com, and furnishing the best of pasture for droves 
of horses and cattle that roam at largo over the plains. The 
streams are small, but afford suffleient mill-seats, and the 
climate Is ver>' eulubrioua. Limestone, marl, and iron are 
found. Farms 40; manuf. 0; dwell. 177, and pop.— wh. SSI, 
il. col, 0, si. 2S— total 909. Capital : CastroviUe. 



Medina, p. v., Winnebago county, III. : 214 m. N. 
Springfield. 

Medina, t. and p. v., Lenawoe co., Mieh. : 67m. S. Lansing. 
Drained by Tiffin's cr. Surface undulating; soil, sand and 
argillaceous loam; very fertile. There are a immber of mills 
in ihe t. ; the v. is in N. E. on Tiflin's cr., and contains sev- 
eral stores and workshops. Pop. of t, 1,6S5. 

Medina, p. v., Orleans co., X. Y. : on the Erie Canal, at 
the junction of Oak Orchard cr,, which is used as a feeder, 
and the Rochester, Lockport, and Niagara Falls R. R., SO m. 
E. by N. Niagara Falls, and 247 ra.W. by N. Albany. There 
are several mills and factories, together with a number of 
warehouses, stores, and workshops, and a furnace in the 
village. The "Medina Citizen" (dem.) is issued here. Pop. 
about 800. 

Medina, t., p. v., and cap. Medina co., Ohio: 97 m. N.E. 
Columbus. Drained byRoeky river and its branches. Sur- 
face undulating; soil fertile. The river affords good water- 
power. The v. is very pleasantly situate on an eminence in 
S. W. part of t., on the Cleveland post-road, and contains 
the court-house and usual number of public buildings, as 
also a number of stores, mills, and workshops, and 1,00S in- 
habitants. The " Democratic Whig'' (whig), and "Medina 
Democrat" (F. S. D.) are issued here. Poi>. of t. 2,010. 

Medon, p. v., Madison county, Tenn. : 120 m. W. S. W. 
Nashville. 

Medusa, p. o., Albany co., A^ Y. : 15 m. W. Albany. 

Medway, t. and p. v., Norfolk co., J/i/.s-v.; 25 m. S. W. 
Boston. Drained by Charles river and its branches, whicli 
afford it excellent water-power. Surface undulating; soil 
fertile, producing fine grain. Incorporated in 171S, and has 
several stores, a number of mills and manufactories — among 
the latter, sevcr.al cotton manufactories. The v. is at lite 
terminus of a branch of the Norfolk County R. R., and con- 
tains a number of stores and workshops, and about C) 
dwellings. Pop. of t. 2,77«. 

Medway, p. o., Clark county, Ohio : 49 m. W. by S. 
Columbus. 

Medway, p. o., Greene co., K K .* 31 m. S. "W. .tUbnny. 

Medybemts, t. and p. v., Washington co., J/"<?. ; 132 m. 
E. N. E- Augusta. There is a pond on the N. of the t., by 
the outlet of which it Ls drained. Surface rugged; si hI va- 
ried, with good wood lands. Pop. of t 1S7. 

Meek's Hill, p. o., York district, S. Car. : 76 m. N. 
Columbia. 

Meeme, t. and p. v., Manitouwoc co.,TT7-5c. .* 101 m. N. E. 
Madison. Drained by a number of small streams flowing 
into Lake Michigan, Surface various ; soil fertile and heav- 
ily timbered. The v. is situate centrally. Pop. of t. 210. 

Meeting Street, p. v., Edgefield dist., S. Car. : 52 m. 
W. by S. Columbia. 

Meiierrin river, Vlrg. : rises in Charlotte co.,and running 
E. through several counties, enters North Carolina, and 
unites with Nottoway r. to form the Chowan. 

Meuoopany, p. v., Wyoming co., Penn.: on Jlehoopany 
or., near its confluence with the Susquehanna river, 96 m. 
N. N. E. Ilarrisburg. 

Meigs county, Ohio. Situate S. E., and contains 403 
sq. m. Bounded E. by the Ohio, and drained by Leading 
cr.. Shade r., and smaller affluents. Surface diver.sifled — iu 
parts hilly. Soil frrtile; corn and wheat are large crops, 
and the staple cereals. Large numbers of sheep are raised, 
and much woo! exported. Large deposits of coal are found 
near the Ohio, which are wrought with much jirnfif.and are 
demanding increased attention. It inanuf;ieiures iron cast- 
ings, machinery of various kinds, conlage, flour, and leather. 
Farms 1,149; manuf. 57; dwell. 3,136, and pop.— wh. 17,924, 
fr. col. 47— tot.il 17,971. Capital: Pomeroy. PithUc Works : 
Cincinnati, Hillsboro', and Parkersburg R. R. ; Pomeroy 
Branch R. E. 

Meigs county, T,^nn. Situate 9. E., and contains 1S2 
sq. m. Bounded W. by the Tennessee, and S. by the Hi- 
wassee. Surface broken, and soil mostly fertile. Cora is 

459 



MEI 



MEN 



the staple. Wheat and oats thrive, and small patches of 
cotton and toI)acco muy be seen. Pork is an export. Farms 
59S; manuf. 1 ; dwell. S19, and pnp.— wh. 4,4S3, fr. col. 1, 
si. 895— total 4,879. CapiUd : Decatur. 

Meigs Creek, p. o., Morgan Co., Ohio: GG m. E. by S. 
Columbus. 

Meiosvtlle, Land p. v., Morgan county, Ohio: 63 ra. 
E. by S. Columbus, Drained by Meigs er. and its braneli- 
es, whieh flow into the Muskingum r. Surface uneven ; soil 
ferlile. It has good hydraulic power. There are a number 
of mills and manufactories in the t. The village contains 
sevcnd dwellings, stores, and workshops. Population of 
1. 1,513. 

Meigsvii-le, p. v., Jackson co., Tenn. : on the "W. side of 
Cumberland r., 66 m. E. N. E. Nashville. 

Melendez, p, v., and cap. Benton co., Flor. : 150 m. S. E, 
Tallahassee. 

Mellenville, p. v., Columbia co., 2^. Y.: on the line of 
the Hudson and Berkshire E. E., 9 m. E. Hudson, 29 m. S. 
Albany. It contains several factories and mills. 

Mellonvtlt.e, p. v., and cap. Orange co., Fh>\: on the 
S. shore of Lake Monroe, 196 m. S. E. Tallahasseo. 

MELL^^LLE, p. o., Chattooga co., Ga. : 169 m. N. W. 
Mill edge ville. 

Melmore, p. v., Seneca co., Ohio : on the N. side of Honey 
cr., a branch of Sandusky r., 72 m. N. by W. Columbus. 

Melon, p. c, Harrison coimty, Virg. : 203 m. N. W. 
Eichmond. 

Melpine, p. o., Muscatine county, la. : SO m. S. E. 
Iowa City. 

Melrose, p. o., Eockingham co., Virg.: lU m. "W. 
Eichmond. 

Melrose, p. v., Clark co., ///. .• 103 ra. E. S. E. Springfield. 

Melkose, t. and p. v., Middlesex co., Mass. : 3 m. N. 
Boston ; formerly the N. part of Maiden. Drained by the 
head of Mystic r. Surface uneven ; soil good. The v. is 
on the line of tlie Boston and Maine E. E., 5 m. from Bos- 
ton, from which point the Medford Branch R. E. diverges. 
It is a very desirable place of residence for merchants doing 
business in Boston. Pop. of 1. 1,200. 

Melrose, p. o., Eush county, Ind.: 39 m. E. S. E. 
Indianapolis. 

Melrose, p. v., and cap. Nacogdoches co., Tko. ; on the 
okl military road, 219 m. N. E. Austin City. 

Melton's, p. o., Navarro county, Tex. : 143 m. N. by E. 
Austin City. 

Meltonsville, p. v., Marshall county, Ala. : 132 m. N. 
Montgomery. 

Meltonsville, p. v., Anson co., N. Car.: on Big Brown 
cr., 102 m. S. W. Ealeigh. 

Melvin, p. o., Ballard county, Kij. : 243 m. W. S. "W. 
Frankfort. 

Melvdi's Mills, sta., Mcrrimac co., A'; Hamp.: on the 
line of the Concord and Claremont E. E., 23 m. TV. from 
Concord. 

Melvin Village, p. o., Carroll co., A^. ITamp. : 39 m. 
N. E. Concord. 

MEMPms, p. v., Pickens co., Ahi.: on the W. side of 
Tombigbee r., 126 m. W. N.W. Montgomery. 

Memphis, sta., Clark co., Ind. ; on the line of Iho Jeffcr- 
sonville R. II., 15 ra. N. JefTcrsonvillc, and 87 m. S. by E. 
Indianapolis. 

Memphis, p. v., and cap. Scotland Co., 3fo. : on North 
Fabius r., 13G m. N. Jefferson City. 

Memphis, p. v.. and cap. Shelby co., T<'nn.: on the E. 
bank of the Mississippi r., beautifully situated on the fourth 
Chickasaw bluff, just below the mouth of Wolf r., 191 ni. 
W. S. W. Nashville. This spot was formerly the site of Fort 
Assumption, used for the purpose of protecting the country 
aicainst the Chickasaws. The bluff on which it stands is 
thirty feet above the highest floods, and its base is washed 
by the river for a distance of 3 m., while a bedof saudslone. 
the only known stratum of rocks below the Ohio, juts into 
460 



the stream, and forms a convenient lamling. From the 
mouth of the Ohio to Vicksburg, 650 ni., it is the only site 
for a commercial mart on either side of the Mississippi. 
Some distance from the brow of the bluff, a handsome range 
of One buildings extends for several squares. Every day 
gives additional evidence of the incre:ising prosperity of 
this already prosperous city ; and although the commerce ia 
great, yet the citizens do not intend to rely on that alone. 
Manufactories will soon claim a part in adding to lier 
wealth. Preparations are making for building a boat yard 
on as extensive a scale as any in the west. The gentleman 
who opens the yard is said to be one of the most experienced 
boat builders in the TTnion. In addition to this, there is an 
extensive flour-mill just completed, capable of making 62.000 
barrels of flour annually ; also a large cotton manufactory, 
employing a large number of operatives. There is a fine, 
well laid out navy yard situate here, witli facilities to build 
the largest size vessels, at which a commander and usual 
complement of officers are stationed. It bids fair to be one 
of the finest navy yards in the United States. The public 
spirit is such in Memphis, that it will soon be one of the 
finest cities in the West. The Memphis and Charleston 
E. R. is now partially in operation, and other public works 
are in contemplation. There are a large number of fine 
dwellings, stores, workshi»p3, etc. The "Inquirer," daily 
and weekly (dem.), " Eagle," daily and weekly (whig), "Ap- 
peal," weekly and semi-weekly (dem.), "Express," daily 
and weekly (dem.), "Christian Advocate," weekly (Meth.), 
" The Southerner," weekly (Indopen.), and " Daily Dime,'* 
daily (neut.), are the names of the newspapers published 
here. Pop. S,S39. 

Mempuis, p. o., St. Clair co., Mich. : 95 ra. E. Lansing. 

Mempuremagog lake, Verm. This lake lies on the N. 
boundary, and the greater part within Canada. It is be- 
tween 30 and 40 miles long, and from 2 to 3 wide — but 7 or 
S miles only is within the United States. It covers alxmt 15 
sq. m. in Vermont, and receives Clyde, Barton, and Black 
rivers ;aiul its own waters are discharged through St. Francis 
r. into Lake St. Peter's, an expansion of St. Lawrence r. On 
an island 2 miles within the Canada line is found a quarry 
of novacidate, known by the name of "Magog oU-stoue," 
which is i!i high repute. 

Menallen, t. and p. o., Adams co., Fenn. : 30 m. S. "W. 
Harrisburg. Drained by Conowago er. and its brandies. 
Surface hilly, in some parts mountainous; soil fertile. The 
water-power is excellent. There are a large number of mills, 
some manufactories, and several stores in the t Benders- 
ville and Middletown arc namesof villages. Pop. of t. 2,623. 

Menan islands, Me. Fetit or Little Metian lies off the 
harbor of Steuben in the Atlantic, 3 m. S. S. E. Goulds- 
borough Harbor; and Grand Menan. a large island, lies off 
Passamaquodily bay, and is within the British lines. There 
is a light-house on Petit Menan. (^See Lighthouses of tub 
United States). 

Menabd county. III. Situate W. centrally, and contains 
307 fq. m. Drained by Sangamon r. and Salt cr. Surface 
undulating; soil largely prairie, a deep rich loam mixed 
with sand, and exceedingly fertile. Timber is found plenti- 
fully in groves, and near the rivers. A superior farming co., 
raising heavy crops of corn, wheat, oats, and potatoes, and 
exporting live-stock, wool, and pork. It has good mill 
streams, anil considerable manufactures. Farms 706 ; 
manuf. 3S; dwell. 1,035, and pop.— wh. 0,32S, fr. col. 21— 
total 6,-349. Capital: Petersburg. 

Menasha, p. v., Winnebago co., TT/w. .' on the N. shore 
of Winnebago Lake. 06 m. N. N. E. Madison. The U. S. 
land office for the Menasba district is at this village. 

Mendham. t. and p. v.. Morris county, y. Jer. : 37 m. N. 
Trenton. Drained by Indian r. and the head waters of 
Wliippany r. Surface liilly, in the N. mountainous; soil 
fertile. There arc in the t. several mills and manufactories, 
and a number of stores and workshops. The v. is situate 
on the Morristown post-road, and contains a nnmber of 



MEX 



MER 



dwellings and stores and si-vural workshops. Poj.ul.ilion 
of the t. 1,T20, 

Mendocino county, Cal{f. Situate N. W., and contains 
about S.500 sq. m. The Paeiftc f -rms its W., and Kiissian r. 
most of il3 K. houndnry. It has few slreiiins of any con- 
siderable size, i)ul all flow into the Tai-iflc from the range of 
mountains which lies near its E. border. The surface is 
much broken by spurs of the coast range, which extend 
nearly to the ocean. The county is unorganized and little 
settled, the population being only 416. 

Mendos, p. o., Madison county, Ind.: 35 m. N. E. 
Indianapolis. 

MENunx, p. v., Adao^ county, III.: So m. W. by N. 
Springfield. 

Mendon, t. and p. v., ■Worcester co., Ma.\s. : 35 m. S. W. 
Boston. Drained by branches of Blaekstone and Mill rivers. 
Surface variegated ; soil of good quality and well cultivated. 
The products of the dairj- are large and valuable. It has 
excellent water-power. There are sevt-ral mills and manu- 
factories of different kinds in the t., and a large quantity of 
cotion and woolen is manufactured. Fir.<t settled about 
1647; incorporated, 10C7. The v. is situate on an elevation 
on E. si'ie of Mill r., in S. E. part oft,, and contains some 
fine houses, a number of stores, and several ^'orksUops. 
Pop. of 1 1,3U1. 

Mendox, p. o., Lenawee county, Jficli.: G5 m. S. by E. 
Lansing. 

Mendox, t. and p. v., Monroe co., K V. : 197 m. W. by N. 
Albany. Drained by Iribnlaries of Genesee r. Surface 
gently undulating ; soil fertile. There are several mills and 
manufactories, besides stores, and a number of workshops 
in the t. The v. is situate on Irondequoit cr. Was incorpo- 
rated in 18:33, and contains several ilwellings, somo stores, 
and workshops. North Mendon and west Mendon are also 
names of \Tllages. Pop. of I. 3,S53. 

Mendon, p. o., Mercer co., Ohio: 103 m. "W. N. "W". 
Columbus. 

Menpon, t. and p. o.. Katland co., Venn. : 44 m. S. by "W. 
Monlpt'lk-r. Drained !)y branches of Otter cr. ; surface 
varied ; in the W. hilly, in the E. mountainous. Soil in the 
mountains good, but too far up for cultivation. Pop. of the 
t. 504. 

Mexdota (or St. Petee's). v., Dacotab co,, 3nfnu Ter. : 
on the W. bank of the Mississippi, S. of the continence of 
Minnesota r., 5 m. "W. by N. St. Paul. It has been occu- 
pied by the American Fur Company for several years as a 
dep6t for their trading establish men Is among the Indians of 
the north-west. Two stores and a few houses constitute the 
village. It is, however, a fine town site, and being situate 
at the junction of two great rivers, and near the head of 
steam navigation, its importance in a commercial point of 
view has not been overlooked. It is within the military 
reservation, and whites are not allowed to reside here with- 
out permission of the U. S. government. I'op. 122. 

Menelos, p. o., Madison co., Kt/.: S. E. Frankfort. 

Mexomonee river, Mic?t, : rises in the coimtry S. of Lake 
Superior, and nms E. by 9. about 100 m., an<i falls into Green 
Bay. It forms the S. boundary of Ilie upper peninsula, 
Bcparatingit from MinnesoLa. 

Mexomonee Falls, p. o., "Waukesha co., TT7.sc. ; G3 m. E. 
Madison. 

Mesteb, p. v.. Sheboygan co., Wt^c. : on a branch of 
Onion r., S7 m. N. E. by E. Madison. 

Mextor, t, and p. v., Lake co., Ohio: 141 m. N. N. E. 
Columbus. Lake Erie makes its N. boundary. Drained 
by a stream flowing into the lake. Surface undulating ; 
soil good, adapted to grain. There ai'O some mills and 
manufactories in the t The v. is on the line of the Cleve- 
land and Erie K. R., 23 m. N. E. Cleveland, and contains a 
number of stores and work^^bops. Pop. of t- 1,571. 

Mequox Kiver, p. o., Washington co., Wi^c. : on the W. 
side of Milwankie r., S. of the confluence of Mequon r., 
74 ni. E. by N. Madison. 



Mr.r.ATA, p. o., Jetferson co., Penn. : 123 m. N. W. by W. 
llarri;4tiurg. 

MEitctR county, III. Situate N.W., and contains 540 sq. m. 
Drained by Edward's, Pope's, and lIcnderi<on's rivers, flow- 
ing into the Mississippi, its W. boundarj-. Surface undulat- 
ing; soil fertile. A large part of the co. is prairie, with 
excellent tinil>er on the streams, and near the Mississippi. 
Com and wheat are the staples, and pork a large exp(>rt. 
Farms 517 ; niauuf. ; dwell. K92, and pop. — wh. 5,244, free 
col. 2 — total 5.241). CapiUil : Millersburg. 

Mep.cee county, K'j. Situate E. centrally, and contains 
24S sq. m. Bounded N. E. by the Kentucky, E. by Dick's r., 
and drained W. by heads of Salt r. Surface uneven ; soil 
very productive. Corn is the great staple. Wheat, rj-e, and 
oals yield largely, and the pastures arc very superior. 
Live-stock, beef, wool, and pork, are large exports. It man- 
ufactures cotton and woolen goods, flour, iron ca.stings, and 
leather. Farms SSI; manuf. 87; dwell. 1,7G2, and pop. — 
wh. 10,472, free col. 335, si. 3,2G0— total 14,007. C'-qnUil: 
Harrodsburg. 

Mep.cee county. Mo. Situate on N. line, and contains 
521 sq. m. Drained by E. and W. forks of Medicine cr., 
Muddy cr.. Weldon r., and Crooked Fork of Grand r. Sur- 
face somewhat uneven, wiih ft-w^ hills; soil generally ferliK', 
and adapted Ui grazing. Corn, live-stock, and jiork. arc 
the principal products. The county is well timbered, and 
has abundant water-power. Farms 272; manuf. 3; flw.ll. 
412, and pop.— wh. 2,671, free col. C, slaves 14— total 2,C?1. 
Ci/jfitttl. : Princeton. 

Meucer county, X. Jer. Situate W. middle, and contains 
272 sq. m. Bounded E. by a br-inch of Raritan r., an-I W. 
by the Delaware, and drained by small afUuents of boih. 
Surface mostly even ; soil verj^ pr<.wluctive, and undi^r high 
cultivation. Corn, wlieat, rye, buckwheat, oats, and pota- 
toes, are all fine crops. It has very superior gardens and 
orchards, and fumislies for tlie adjacent market.s excellent 
vegetables and fruits, particularly apples and peaches. It 
has a large capital employed in manufactures of cotton and 
woolen goods, liquors, leather, earthen-ware, iron eastings, 
and machinery, flour, cordage, paper, oil, and lumber. 
Farms 1,051 ; manuf. 191 ; dwell. 4,624, and pop.— wli, 
25,9S7,free col.l,0ll9,sl. 6— total 27,992. Capital: Trenlnn. 
Public Works: Dt-laware and Laritan Canal ; New Jersey 
E. R. ; Belvidere Delaware li. K. ; Trenton Branch P. II. ; 
Camden and Amboy K. R. 

Mewer county, Ohio. Situate on W. line, and contains 
451 sq. m. Drained by St. Mary'f^ an^l "Wabash rivers and 
Ibeir branches. Surface gently unduJaling. and soil ni'wtly 
fertile. Corn is the staple product. "Wheat, oals, and pota- 
toes are successfully cultivated, and some live-stock and pork 
exporled. Farms 675; manuf 9; dwell. 1,312, and jiop. — 
wh. 7,4ril, free col. 811— total 7,712. Capitnl : Celina. 

Mercer county, Penn. Situate N. "W., and contains CIS 
sq. m. Drained by Shenango, Neshanock, Pymatnning, 
Deer, and Sandy creeks. Surface hilly and broken; soil 
generally ft-rtile, and better adapted to grass than grain. 
"Wheat, corn, buckwheat, rye. oats, and potatoes, are for the 
most part successful crops. Grazing demands the chief at- 
tention, and the dairies are large and very fine. The amount 
of wool slieared is very large, and live-stock, beef, and pork, 
are very heavy exports. It has abundance of wa(rr-p"wer, 
bituminous coal, and iron ore, and is largely engaged in the 
manufacture of iroti. "Woolen goods, leather, and earlhen- 
ware, are also exlensively made. Farms 2,9-^9 ; manuf. 
150; dwell. 5,402, an-l pop.— wh. S2.SS1. free col. 291— total 
33,192. Capital: Mercer. Puhlic Works: Beaver and Eric 
Canal. 

Mercer county. Virff. Situate S. W., and contiiins 5S3 
sq. m. New r. forms the E. bou[i<iary, and unites in tlu! N. 
witli the Greenbrier, to form the Great ICanawha, Blue 
Stone, and East rivers. Bnish and Lick erecKs dr.nin the 
CO. Surface elevated, with a mountain range on the W., 
and extensive valleys in the E. ; soil fertile in the lower 

461 



MER 



MER 



grounds, and goiieraliy beat adapU-d to grazing. Com, oats, 
and wheat, jivUi iiiodcratc crops. Farms 472 ; manuf. 2 ; 
dwell, 655, and pop.— «h. 4,018, free col. 27, si. 177— total 
4,222. Cointdl: Priuco.on. PuUic Worka: Covington 
and Ohio K. K. 

Meuckk, t. and p. v., Somerset co., il/e. ; 24 m. N. by W. 
Augusta. Drained by Sandy r. in the N. "W. comer, and a 
mill-pond makes part of the S. boundary. Soil fertile, and 
adapted to grain. It contains some mills and manufactories. 
The V. is situate centrally on a small pond, and contains a 
number of dwellings, stores, and workshops. Pop. of 1 1,1 S6. 
Mercer, p. o., Mercer co., Oh. : 103 m. W.N.W. Columbus. 
Mjcbcer, p. b., and cap. Mercer co., Penn.: on the N. side 
of Neshanock cr., 18G m. W. N. W. Uarrisburg, and near 
the proposed line of the Alleghany Valley E. It. It contains 
the court-house and usual number of county buildings. It 
has a manufactory of copperas. There are 4 furnaces here ; 
a charcoal hot-blast furnace of 1,000 tons annual capacity, a 
raw bituminous coal hot-blast furnace of 1,500 tons capacity, 
and 2 steam-power charcoal cold-blast furnaces of a capacity 
each of 1,350 tons. There are a number of stores and seve- 
ral manufactories in the b. ; and here are published the 
"Western Press" (dem.), "Mercer County Whig" (whig), 
" Mcrecr Cuuuty Luminary" (free soil), and 'Tree Presby- 
terian," all issued weekly. Pop. 1,014. 

Meeceusbcrg, p. b., Franklin co., Penn.: on. a branch 
of Couecocheague cr., 81 m. S. W. by W. Uarrisburg. In- 
corporated in 1S3]. It is the seat of "Marshall College," 
founded in 1836, and had (in 1S50) a president, 11 profes- 
sors, 94 alumni, and 81 students, with a library contain- 
ing 1,300 volumes. The German Reformed Theo. School, 
commenced in 1S25, and had (in 1S50) 2 professors, IS stu- 
dents, and 121 alumni, with a library containing 6,000 
volumes, is also situate here. Pop. 1,222. 

Mekcuant's Bluff, p. o., Darlington dist, S. Car. : 53 m. 
E. N. E. Columbia. 

Meebi'ITh, t. and p. v., Delaware co., N. Y. : 65 ra. S. W. 
Albany. Drained by branches of Susquehanna and Delaware 
rivers. Surface uneven, and somewhat broken; soil fer- 
tile. It has good water-power and several mills and manu- 
factories, also a number of workshops. The v. is situate on 
an elevation in S. W., and contains several dweUiugs and 
stores. Pop. of t, 1,634. 

MEREDmi Bridge, sta., Belknap co., K. ITamp. : on the 
line of the Boston, Concord, and Montreal E. E., 44 m. from 
Concord. 

MEBEorrn Centre, p. o., Belknap co., ^. Hmnp. : 25 m. 
Warren, and 27 m. N. Concord. 

Meheditu Mills, p. o., Fulton coxmty, /«<?. ; 85 m. N. 
Indianapolis. 

Mereditu's Tateen, p. 0., Monongalia co., Vlrg. : 203 m. 
N. W. Richmond. 

MfiBEinTn Village, p. v., Belknap co., JV. Ilamp. : at 
the outlet of Winnipiseogec Lake, and on the line of the 
Boston, Concc»rd, and Slontreal E. E., 37 m. N. Concord. 

Mkukuosia, p. v., Morgan eo.. III. : on the E. bank Illi- 
nois r., 6 m. above Naples, and 49 m. W. Springfield. The 
name is a corruption from Marais d'Ogee. The v. is situate 
on an clevat< d sand ridge, and has a good landing at ordi- 
nary stages of the water. Here are several mills, stores, aud 
a considerable population. Meredosia may be considered 
as the port of Jacksonville, and is the outlet of a flue country. 
Mrriden, t. and p. v., New Haven county, Conn. : 17 m. 
S. W. Hartford. Drained by Quinnipiak r. and its branches. 
Surface uneven, in parts hilly ; soil fertile. There are sev- 
eral manufactories here, principally in hard-ware. The v. 
is on a branch of Quinnipiak r., and on the line of the New 
Haven, Hartford, and Springfield R. R., IS m. from New 
Haven, and 44 m. from Springfield. It contains several 
dwellings and stores, and a number of workshops. Pop. 
of t. 3,526. 

Meripen, p. 0., Sullivan co., N. Ilamp. : 35 m. W. N. W. 
Concord. 

462 



. S. Albany. 
■]27m.N.4W. 



' 139 m. N. W. 



Mekidian, p. o., Mercer county, PL: 113 m. N. N. "W. 
Springfield. 

Meroian, p. 0., Cayuga co., iV. Y. : 151 m. W. by N. 
Albany. 

Meridian Springs, p. v., Hinds co.. Miss. : at the source 
of Bayou Chitto cr., 12 m. N. Jackson. 

Mekujianvtlle, p. v., Madison county, Ala. : 166 m. N. 
Montgomery. The Meridian liue of the U. S. surveys of 
Northern Alabama passes through this place. 

Meriville, p. o., Montgomery co., I'enn. : 87 m. N. W. 
Nashville. 
MERMAro, p. o.. New Castle co., Pel. : 25 m. N. Dover. 
Meilmentau river, La, This river drains the extensive 
prairies of S. W. Louisiana, and after a course of some 200 
m. falls into tlie Gulf of Mexico, 200 m. W. of the Missis- 
sippi r. The country through which it flows is covered with 
grass, excepting narrow lines of timber along the water- 
courses. Live oak is found on its borders. The r. passes 
through a lake of the same name ; at its mouth it is very 
shoal, not having more than three feet of water on the bar. 

Merom, p. v., Sullivan co., Ind.: on the E. bank of the 
Wabash r., 91 m. S. W. by W. Indianapolis. 

Mkrona, p. v., M -Henry co., III.: on the borders of a 
prairie, ISO m. N. E. Springflcld. 

MfiKRELL, p. o., Greene county, Go.: 23 m. N. by E. 
Milledgeville. 
Meruiok, p. o.. Queens co., jV. Y. : 135 m. : 
Merrillsville, p. 0., Franklin co., 2i. Y. : 
Albany. 
Mebbilltown, p. v., Travis co., Tex. 
Merrill viLLE, p. o., Lake county, Ptd. . 
Indianapolis. 

Mereimao county, AT. Ilamp. Situate S. centrally, and 
contains S47 sq. m. Drained by the Merrimac r. and its 
branches — W". Blackwaler and Contooeoofc, and E. Soucook 
and Suncook rivers. Surface very uneven, in the N. rugged 
and mountainous; soil mostly fertile, and excellent pasture 
land. Corn, wheat, potatoes, and rye are the stai>Iea. It 
has very fine dairies, and shears an immense amount of 
wool. Sunapce Lake lies in the W., and on the Merrimac 
it has almost unUmited water-power, most of which is occu 
l)ied by large cotton and wtx'len factories, aud numerous 
lumber, flour, and grist mills. It also manufactures leathor, 
earthen-ware, glass, paper, books, etc. In the E. is a quarry 
of granite, highly valued for building purposes. Farms 
3,220 ; manuf. 215 ; dwell. 7,400, and pop.— wh. 38,864, fr. 
col. 81— total 3S,445. Capital: Concord. PnUle Worls: 
Portsmouth and Concord R. E. ; Coutoocook Valley R. E. : 
Concord E. E. ; Concord and Claremont R. E. ; Concord 
and Montreal E. E. ; Northern E. R. ; New Hampshire 
Central R. E. 

Merrim.vc river, JV; Samp, and Jifasf. : one of the largest 
ri\ers of New England. It is formed by the union of Pem- 
egewaeset r.. which rises near the Notch of the White Mount- 
ains, with ^\^nnipiseogee r., which proceeds from the lake 
so called. The junction takes place at Sanbomton,70 miles 
below the source of ihe former, which is the main stream. 
Its general course is S. by E. until it enters the State of Mas- 
sachusetts, when it cun-cs to a general course of nearly 
N. E. and E., until it falls into the Atlantic, a htlle below 
Newburyport. It is navigable for vessels of 200 tons to 
Haverhill, and by means of the Middlesex Canal from 
Chelmsford to Boston harbor, and canals and locks around 
the Falls, a boat navigation is opened to Concord, New 
Hampshire. Bow Canal, a few miles below Conconi, com- 
pleted iu l!>12, cost $20,000 ; six miles farther down. Hooksct 
Canal cost $15,000, overcoming a fall of 17 feet : Amoskeag 
Canal cost $50,000, overcoming a fall of 45 feet; below 
Amoskeag Canal the r., for 9 m., is converted into the Union 
Canal, overcoming six distinct falls ; and 5 m. below aro 
Cromwell's Falls, made passable by a canal. Union Canal, 
including that of Cromwell's, cost $50,000 ; 15 m. below, in 
Massachusetts, is Wecassee Canal, cost $14,000 ; and 3 m 



MER 



MIA 



below is the entrance of the Middlesex Canal. Tlie r., by 
means of tliese canals, furnishes an Incredible amount of 
water-power, wiiieh has resulted iu the establishment of the 
principal manufacturing towns of the Union along its course. 
It is bridged in almost every town along its banks. 

Merblman's Shop, p. c, Prince Edward co., Virg. : 59 m. 
S. W. Kichmond. 

MERparr's Beuige, p. o., Lexington dlst,, S. Qn\ 

Mhrkitistown, p. v., Fayeltu co., Fenn. : on W. side of 
Dnulap's cr., IDG m. W. by S. Ilarrisburg. It contains a 
number of dwellings, stores, and a few workshops. 

Merrittsville, p. v., Greenville dist,, S. Ca/\: on the 
N. fork of Saluda r., 10(i m. N. W. Cohimbia. 

MEBniWETUEE county, (rn. Situate \V. middle, and con- 
tains 476 sq. ra. Boundeil E. by Flint r., and drained by its 
branches, and W. by branches of the Chattahoochee. Sur- 
face pleasantly diversified; soil very fertile. Cotton is the 
great staple, and commands almost exclusive attention. 
Com and wheat yield more than average crops, and neat 
cattle and swine are reared in large numbers, in the S. are 
white sulphur and warm springs. Farms S2-I; mauuf. 0; 
dwell. 1,4-23, and pop.— wh. S,4S1, Ir. col. 2, si. 7,993— total 
16,4T6. Capital; Greenville. 

Mekryall, p. 0., Bradford county, Penn.: 113 m. N. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Merry Hill, p. v., Ecrtie co., N. Car. : 103 m. E. by N. 
Ealeigh. 

Mekky Meetixg bay, N'. Ramp. : a S. E. branch of Win- 
nipiseogoe Lake, 1,600 rods long. 

Mebht Meetixg bay. Me. : an eKpansion of Eennebec 
r. at the confluence of Androscoggin r., above Bath. 

Merry Motrsx, p. o., Warren co., iV". Cur. : &i m. N. N. E. 
Ealeigh. 

Merry Oaks, p. v.. Barren county, Kij. : 103 m. S. W. 
Frankfort. 

Merry Oaes, p. o., Ilarailton co., Teiin.: 114 m. S. W. 
K'ashville. 

Meeshon's Cboss Eoads, p. o., Laurel county, Ky. : 73 m. 
S. S. E. FrankforL 

Meeton, t and p. v., "Waukesha co., Wi^c. : 52 m. E. by N. 
Madison. Drained by several streams, and contains several 
small lakes. Surface undulating; soil fertile. The v. is 
connected with Milwaukie by a plank-road. Pop. oft. 1,7G3. 

Merwinsbukg, p. o., Monroe co., J'enn. : 97 m. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Mesopotamia, I. and p. v., Trumbull co., Ohio: 143 m. 
N, E. Columbus. Drained by Grand r. and several afflu- 
ents. Surface undulating; soil fertUe. There are in tlic I. 
a number of mills and workshops. Pop. 959. 

MESSDfA Springs, p. o., Onondaga co., iV. Y.: 1'29 m. 
W. by N. Albany. 

Messonoo, p. 0., Accomac co., Virg. : 104 m. E. by N. 
Eichmond. 

Metamora, p. v., "Woodford co., I/L: 69 m. N. by E. 
Springfield. The t. is on the border of fine prairie land. 

Metamoea, p, o., Franklin co., Intf. : on the N. side of 
"White Water r., 5S m. E. S. E. Indianapolis. 

METAiiORA, t. and p. o., Lapeer co., Jfich. : 67 ra. E. by N. 
Lansing. Drained by forks of Flint r., which have their 
sources in thist. Surface undulating; soil fertile. It con- 
tains a few stores and mills. Pop. of t S21. 

Metamoea, p. v., Fulton co., Ohio : on S. side Ottowa r., 
129 m. N. N. W. Columbus. 

Metamoea, p. o., Pike county, Penn.: IIS m. N. E. 
Harrisburg, 

Metea, p. v., Cass co., Ind. : 79 m. N. Indianapolis. 

Metedec occK, p. v.. Ocean co., K Jer. : on the S. side, 
and near the mouth of Metedecouck r., 83 m. S. by E. 
Trenton. 

Methuen, t and p. v., Essex co., Mass. : on the N. bank 
of the Merrimac r., which forms its S. boundary, 25 m. 
N. i "W. Boston. Drained by Spigot r., which has a water- 
fall of from 30 to 85 feet, affording c-vcellcnt hydraulic 



power. Surface uneven; soil fertile, yielding abundantly. 
There are a number of mills and manufactories iu the t. 
Wood is to be found here in abundance. There is also an 
extensive bed of excellent peat. The v. is romantically sitr 
ualed on an eminence on both ^ides of Spigot r., at the falls, 
and on the line of the Manchester and, Lawrence R. It., 24 
m. Manchester, and contains a number of stores, several mills 
and manufactories, and some workshops. Pop. of t. 2,543. 

Metomen, t. and p. o.. Fond du Lac co., Wise. : 52 m. 
N. by E. Madison. Drained by tributaries of Wisconsin r 
Pop. 750. 

Metompkin, p. o. and isle, Accomac co., Virg. : on the 
Atlantic coast, 107 m. E. by N. Kichmond. 

Meteopolis Crrv, p. v., and cap. Massac co-i -Z?^. •' on a 
high bank on the N. side ol the Ohio r., 194 m. S. S. E, 
Springfield. It contains the court-house and usual number 
of public buildings, and 400 inhabitanK The " Metropol- 
itan" (dem.), and '* Metropolis Kegister" (whig), are weekly 
issues. 

Mets, p. 0., Steuben county, Ind. : 14=3 m. N. N. E. 
Indianapolis, 

Metuches, p. T., Middlesex co., X. Jtr. : on the line of 
the New York and Philadelphia li. E., 2(j m. Jersey City, 
and 80 m. N. E. Trenton. 

Mexkx), p. v., Miami co., Jiid. : on the E. side of Eel r., 
73 m. N. Indianapolis. 

Mexico, p. o., Jefferson county, Ala.: 96 m. N. by W. 
Montgomery. 

Mexico, t. and p. v., Oxford co., Me. : 35 m. W. N. W. 
Augusta, Drained by Webb's branch on the E,, Andros- 
coggin r. on the S. boundary, and by Swift brook on the 
W., near the mouth of which is the village. Soil fertile, 
and adapted to wheat Pop. 4sl. 

Mexico, p. v., and ctp. Audrain co., Mo. : on the E. side 
of the 8. fork of Salt r., 44 m. N, N. E. Jefferson City. It 
contains the court-house. 

Mexico, t. and p. v., Oswego co., iV! Y. : 137 m. N. W. 
Albany. Drained by Salmon cr., which flows into Lako 
Ontario, and forms the N. boundarj'. Surface varied ; soil 
clay loam, and ver>' fertile. Water-power is very good. 
There arc in the t. several mills and factories and a num- 
ber of workshops The v. is situate on Salmon cr., and 
is the site of a number of mills, etc. Colosse, Texas, and 
Union Square are names of other post-offices in the town. 
Pop. of t. 4,221. 

Mexico, p. v., Wyandott cb., 07do : on the E. side of 
Sandusky r., 71 m. N. N. W. Columbus. 

Mexico, p. v., Juniata co., Penn. : on the S. side of Juni- 
ata r., 33 m. N. W. Ilarrisburg, and 44 m. from Ilarrisburg 
by the Pennsylvania R. Pv., which passes through the village. 

Mexico, Gulf of: a great inland sea between the coasts of 
Mexico and the United States— that part within the United 
Slates washing the shores of Texas, Louisiana. Mississippi, 
Alabama, and Florida, It receives the Mississippi, the liio 
Grande, and a number of other but smaller rivers from the 
central valley and the southern slope. 

Meyee's Mills, p. o., Somerset co., Penn.: 127 m. W. 
Ilarrisburg, 

Meverstows, p. v., Lebanon co., Penn.: on tlie head 
waters of Tulpehocken er., 31 m. E. N. E. Ilarrisburg. The 
Union Canal passes the village. 

Miami county, Ind. Situate N. centrally, and contains 
376 sq. m. Drained by the Wabash and its branches, Eel 
and the Mississinewa rivers and Deer cr. Surface generally 
level, somewhat hilly on the Wabash. About one-half is 
prairie or bottoms, the rest well timbered, and the soil uni- 
versally fertile. Corn is the leading staple, and pork a 
large export. Most of the grains succeed well, and the rais- 
ing of horses and stock receives much attention. Tho 
county has good water-power, and large and rapidly in- 
creasing manufactures of flour, lumber, iron castings, ma- 
chinery, leather, etc. Farms 1,1S4; rnanuf. 4S; dwell. 1.944, 
and pop.— wh. 11,293, fr. col. 11— total 1 1,30-1. Capital: 

4C3 



MIA 



Mien 



Peru. PuUic Works : Wabash and Erie Canal ; Peru and 
Indianapolis II. K., with the Goshon Extension. 

Miami county, O/ifo. Situate W. middle, and contains 
414 sq. m. Urained by Miami r. and its branrlies, Panther, 
Greenvillf, and Stillwater creeks. Surface sliglitly uneven : 
fioit very productive, and well adapted to grazing. Com, 
wheat, rye, and oats are large staples. The dairies are verj- 
fine, M'ool is sheared largely, and beef and porlv are heavy 
exports. Water-power is plenty, and flour, leather, wool- 
ens, earthen-ware, and liquors are manufactured. Farms 
1,SS2; manuf. 177; dwell. 4,391, and pop.— wh. 24,393, fr. 
col. 50S— total 24.9H6. CupiUd: Troy. Puhlic Work^: 
Miami Canal; Columbus, Urbana, and Piqua R. E. 

Mi.,LMT, p. v., and eap. Dade co., Flor. : on Key Bu^cayne 
Bay, 429 m. S. E. Tallahassee. Here is a flourishing v., 
with ample accommodation for invalids, and a climate un- 
surpassed for equable temperature and elasticity of the 
atmosphere. 

Miami, p. v., Saline co., J/a ; on the S. bank of the Mls- 
Bouri r., 63 m. N. W. Jefferson City. 

Miami, t. and p. o., Hamilton co., Ohio : on the N. bank 
of the Ohio r., 103 m. S. W. C'Olumbus. The t. is boundcil 
on the N. and W. by the Miami r.. several small branches 
of which serve to drain it. Surface, a series of beautiful 
hills; soil very productive, and nnder high cultivation, with 
some excellent wood lands. There are some fine mill-sites 
on the banks of the rivers, and several manufactories 
have been established. North Bend and Cloves are names 
of places : the former is the place originally laid out by 
Judge Symmes for the great eity of the West. All traces 
of a village have disappeared, and it is now only noted as 
the former residence and grave of the lamented President 
Harrison, a short distance from which is also the grave of the 



Hon. John Cleves S>Tnmes. The latter is a beautiful and 
thriving village, with about 300 inhal>itants. The proposed 
line of the St. Louis and Cincinnati E. E. crossea the S. part 
of the t. Pop. l,r)D7. 

Miami, p. v., Miami county, hut : on Deer cr., 53 m. N. 
Indianapolis. The contemplated line of the Peru and In 
dianopoHs E. E. passes through the village. 

Miami river, Ohio: a large tributary of the Ohio r., which 
rises in Hardin count)', and after a S. W. course of 100 m., 
enters the Ohio in the S. W. corner of the State. It is 200 
yards wide at its mouth ; the current is very rapid, but it is 
navigable only to a limited extent for 75 m., and its waters 
are connected with those of the Auglaize, a S. branch of Mau- 
mee r., by a portage of only 5 miles. It receives many im- 
portant branches, and affords extensive and valuable water- 
power, which has been improved at several points. 

MiAMTSBURG, p. v., Montgomery co., Ohio: on the Miami 
Canal, 53 m. N. Cincinnati, and on E. side of the Miami 
river, 71 m. W. by S. C-olumbus. The v. eommunieates 
with the Cincinnati, Hamilton, and Dayton R. E. by a 
bridge across the river, 24 m. N. by E. from Hamilton. It 
contams a number of fine stores and warehouses, some milU 
and factories, and about 160 dwellings. 

MiAMisviLLE, p. o. and sta., Clermont co., Ohio: on the 
line of the Little Miami E. E., 17 m. from Cincinnati, and 
SI m. S. W. Cohimbus. 

MiANrs, p. 0.. Fairfield co., Conn. : 45 m. S.W. Hartford. 

MiCANOPY, p. o., Alachua co., I'tor. : 119 m. E. S. E. 
Tallahassee. 

MiccosuKEE, p. v., Leon co., Fior. : on the W. border of 
Miccosukeo Lake, 19 m. N. E. Tallahasse. 

MionAEi£ViLi.E. p. o., Ilartord CO., JfcL : 46 m. N. by E. 
Annapolis. 



THE STATE OF MICHIGAN. 

MicniGAK, consisting of two peninsulas, lies between latitudes 41'^ 45' and 4S^ N., and between longitudes S2^ 25' and 
90° 34' W. from Greenwich, or 5° 2S' and 13° 32' from Washington. It is bounded* north, north-east, and east by 
Canada, from which it is separated by Lake Superior, the Saidt SL Marie, Lake Huron, the Strait and Lake St. Clair, De- 
troit Strait, and Lake Erie ; on the south by the States of Ohio and Indiana ; and on the west by Lake Michigan, which 
divides it from Illinois and Wisconsin, and the Monomonie and Montreal rivers, separating it from Minnesota Territory. 
The total land surface comprises an area of 56,243 square miles, and the area of the waters within the constitutional 
Ihnits of the State is computed at 36,324 square miles. The lake coast of Michigan is more than 1,400 miles long. 

The location of the separate peninsulas determines their nomenclature. The Southern, or Michigan Proper, is bounded 
on the south by Indiana and OJiio ; on the cast by Lake Erie, Detroit Strait, the Lake and Strait St Clair, and Lake 
Huron ; on the nortb by the Strait of Michilimackinac, and on the west by Lake Michigan. In these limits are comprised 
Qearly two-thirds the land surface of the State. The NortJiern Peninsula extends from the Montreal and Monomonie 
rivers to the St. Marie Eiver, and has Lake Superior on the north and Lake Huron on the south of it. 

The surface of the Xorth^m Peninsula is much diversified by mountains, hills, valleys, and plains. The eastern 
portion, from the head of the peninsula to the " Pictured Kocks," is represented as undulating, rising gradually from lakes 
Michigan and Superior to the interior, where it terminates in a more elevated table-land, with a shore on tlie north sandy, 
and on the south calcareous rock. Westward the country becomes broken into hills, with intervening plains, until it is 
interrupted by the Porcupine Mountains, which form the dividing ridge separating the waters of Lake Superior from those 
of Lake Michigan. The highest peaks toward the western boundary have been estimated at from 1,300 to 2.000 feet high. 
The ridge is ollen broken through by the larger streams, bordered by extensive valleys. The spurs of these mountains 
project in different directions, often exhibiting their denuded cliffs upon the northern shores. This ridge has a greater 
proximity to the northern coast, which it lines with rock, from the Pictured Eocks to the western extremity of this penin- 
sula, except where interrupted by occasional plains of sand. The structure of a part of the northern and eastern portion 
is of the primitive, and the southern of the secondary formation. Many parts exhibit little else than "developments of 
Bublime scenery, and some portions appear like a dreary, deserted solitude, surrounded by all the frightful terrors incident 



point V 



* The boundaries of Micliigan, as defined by an Act of Congre93, pnsseJ 15tb June, 1836, are as follows ; " Beginning at tlie point wliere a line 
drawn dirert from the southern extremity of Lake Michigan to the most northerly cape (called North Cape) of Maumee (Miami) Bay. intereecta 
the eHsterii boundary line of the Slate of Indiana, and ninning thence with the said line to the said most northerly cape of the Maumee Bay,— and thence 
from the eaid north cape of the said Bay, north east to the boundary line between the United Stales and the province of Upper Canada in Lake 

£^jg thence with the aaiJ boundary line between Ihe United Stale* and Canada, through the Detroit River, L»ke Huron, and Lake Superior, to a 

where the said line last touches Lake Superior" (bcin^ the mouth of Pigeon Uiver),— " tlience, in a direct line through Lake Superior, to the 
ulli of the MontrealRiver,— thence, tlirougli the muldle of the main chaiinel oflhe said River Montreal, to tlie middle of the Lake of the Desert,— 
thence in a direct hne to the nearest head water of the Monomonie River,— thence, through the middle of that fork of the said river first touched 
by the said line, to the main channel of the said Monomonie River,— thence, down the centre of the mnin channel of the same, to the centre of the 
most usual ship thnnnel of the Green Bay of Lake Michigan,— thence, through the centre of the most usual ship channel of the said bay, to the 
middle of Lake Michigan,— thence, through the middle of Lake Michigan, to the northern boundary of the State of Indiana, as that line was 
est;tbli«*lied by the Act of Congress of the nineteenth of April, eighteen hundred and sixteen.— thence, due east, with the north boundary line oflhe 
eaid State of Indiana, to the nortli east corner thereof,— and tbence south, with the east boundary liceof ludiana, to the place of beginning " 
4&J 



MICHIGAN. 



to such northern latitudes. The irrcator portion of the peninsula, the siiml plains excepted, is covered with iinniLnse 
forests, principally of white and yellow pine, a portinu of spruce, hemlock, birch, oak, and aspen, with a mixture of maple, 
ash. and elm, especially upon the rivers. Of the pine lands, there are millions of acres stretching between the Sault St. 
Marie, the Ontonagon, and Montreal rivers. To convert this material into lnml)er, there are discharging into the lakes 
forlv large and sLtty smaller streams, which will furnish a hydraulic power sufficient for all purposes. These streams, the 
largest of which does not exceed 15(1 miles, irrigate the country abundantly, and by their facilities for navigation, furnish 
easy access to the interior. The head branches of the opposite lake-streams oHeii interlock, and when they do not com- 
municate, furnish an easy portage from one to the other, by which navigation between the lakes is easily effected 
with the li[;:hter craft. The lake coast of this section of the State has been estimated at between seven hundred and 
eight hundred miles in length, and that five-sevenths of the entire peninsula may Iw reached by the common lake vessels. 
This peninsula (the northern part of which has sometimes been called the jSf'heria of Michigan), it is probaV>te will never 
be noted for its agricultural productions, or immediately for the density of its population. With the exception of the 
fertile intervals on the rivers, fiic soil of the northern portiim has all the evidences of sterility, as is exhibited in its 
mountains and barren sand plains. The southern part is more congenial in climate and soil. This is the limestone 
region, wliich extends to an undetermined hne, separating the primary and secondary formations. Throughout this 
region the sugar maple tree is abundant, interspersed with the while and red oak, the beech, and occasionally tracts of 
spruce and other forest trees. It is here that the more even and fertile tracts of land are found, and where, at some future 
day, will cluster the agricultural population of the peninsula. The soil is admirably fitted for grasses and all esculent 
roots ; tlie potato also finds here a congenial locality, and the ordinary garden vegetables grow luxiu-iantly. "Wheat and 
other small grains may be cuUivateii,l>ut for com the country and climate ai)pears to be uncongenial. The lake fisheries, 
on both sides of the peninsula, are destined to be of no mean importance to the welfare of the settlers. In variety numer- 
ous, and in the greatest abundance, the fisheries in these waters have long attracted the attention of those counting the 
resources of the section. The Indians formerly derived a considerable portion of their subsistence from this sourw, and 
from the first settlements of the French to the present day tht-ir value has always been asserted. But this peninsula is 
also the great mineral region — not only of the State, but of the Union, and on that interest will its future prosperity 
mainly depend. Iron* and copper are found in all the western and nortliern parts, from the Picture<I Hocks and 
the Kewcuaw Point to the Montreal Eiver, the iron being chiefly a magnetic ore. equal in piu-ity and <iLialily to that 
of Missouri, and the copper, oflen in native boulders, more plentiful than elsewhere occurring. The production of 
these minerals, however, has hitherto been small, on account of the distance and inacocssiI)le nature of the eountrj' ; but 
the time has now arrived f<'r the mines to be opened on an extensive scale, and such, indeed, has in a partial dei;ree been 
accomplished; yet, until the difficulties opposing navigation to Lake Superior be overcome, the expense of transportation 
will be too great to admit of a full development of the wealth of this region. It has been proposed to form this peninsula 
into the Slate of North Michigan, and thus separate it from Michigan Proper politically, as it now is physically separate. 
There are many reasons that would indicate the necessity of such a change. 

The Soiitlieni Pe7iin-9ula has generally a level or rolling surface, and in some parts is broken and hilly. The eastern 
portion, for a distance varying from 5 to 25 miles from the shore, is almost a dead level ; but westward the land rises into 
an irregular ridge, in some parts of which it attains a height of from 600 to 700 feet above the sea level. Tliis ridge has a 
much sreatcr proximity to the eastern than to the western margin, and serves to separate the tributaries discharging into 
Lake Jlichigan from those flowing into Huron, the Strait, and Erie. The portion of the southern part of the State denom- 
inated billy, branches off from the principal ridge in different directions through tlie adjoining counties. The hills con- 
sist of an irregular assemblage of somewhat conical elevations, occasionally attaining a height of from 150 to 200 feet, but 
ordinarily of not more than from 30 to 40 feet. From the main portion of the tal)Ie land passing westward to Lake 
Michitran.the country, with the exceptions noted, assumes a very gradual descent, exhibiting a gently undulating but very 
rarely broken surface. The ridge of land before spoken of, again takes its rise near the mouth of An Sable river, and is 
seen from the lake to stretch on for many miles along and beyond the coast. This constitutes the Highlands of Au Sable. 
Its height has not been ascertained, but it has hitherto been estimated to be much the highest part of the peninsula. A 
consi'lerable portion of it has generally been unfavorably represented, as being interspersed with sand ridges and marshes, 
having an abrupt descent from the highlands eastward, and a gradual slope toward the west. Takmg the great extent 
of the lower peninsula into consideration, it may, in a comparative point of view, be said to possess a great evenness of 
surface, with a sufficient declivity, however, to allow its waters to drain off" in lively and healthy streams. Such are the 
general features of the interior. The coasts form an exception. The coast of both Michigan and Huron is sometimes 
exhibited in high, st^jcp banks. The coast of the former is frequently seen in blufi"^ and banks of sand, varying in height from 
100 to 300 feet. To the traveler, the country presenLs an appearance eminently pieturesque and deliglitful. Through a 
considerable portion the surface is so even and free from brush, as to admit of carriages being driven through i-t, with the 
same facility as over the prairie or common road. The lowering forest and grove, the luxiu-iaut prairie, the crystal lake 
and limpid rivulet, are so frequently antl happily blended together, especially in the southern section of the peninsula, as 



* TLe United Stales Geotngi^ts tlitis epenk of tlie iron of t1ie Lake Piiperior Land Diatri'-t in tlie Nnrtliern Peninsula of biiclugan, in tlieir repurt 
for IS.'il. In degifmaling tlie l.inils contitining iron ^ * * ^ the beds nre found on a scale nf siiili magnilude, ami tlie ore is ttf iuili jiuiity, 
lliat it refjuires litlle senrcb to discover tliein. and little caution in pronouncing on tlieir value. Tliis iron region 19, perljapa, llie most v.ilii.iLle and 
extenpive in tlie world, for Uie manufa' luring of llie finer varieties <jf wrouj;Iil iron and steel, Wlien we consider the immense extent of tlie iliatrict. 
Hie mountain masses of ore, ita purity and ad.iptation to the manufacture of the most valuable kinds ol" iron, and the immen.'^e forests which cover 
the surface, suitable for charcoal, tliia district may be pronounced unrivaled, f * » * Tlie irmi occurs in a metamorpbit; formntion, bounded 
by two granite belts, one on the nortli, and the other on the south, and it is prolonf^ed west<*r)y beyond the Machiganij: River. This formation consists 
of homblendft, talcose, and chlorite slates, with associated beds of hornblende and feldsjiar rocks, evidently trappean in their origin. The ore 
consUtimainly of the specular or peroxide of iron, witli an admixture of the fine grained magnetic. In some instznces, the whole ridge or knob upptavt 
toconsittof one mast 0/ pure on— so pure tliat no selection is required, hut an unlimited q-iantity might be quarried, or picked up in loose blocks 
around the slopes. In others the ore is mixed witli seams of quartz or jasper which renders it less valuable, and requires more care in tl;e selection. 
The iron, in such cases, presents a banded structure, or altern.iti«2 seams of steel ^rey and brilliant red. The appearance of a mountain clift" thus 
made np is extraordinar)'. This region possesses an inexhaustible supply of iron ore, of the best quality, removed from twelve to thiriy miles from 
the l»k« shore, with a soil by no means sterile, and covered with a heavy growth of maple, yellow birch, pine, and oak — and that it U to this source that 
thegreat West wiltvltimalely look/or the finer varieties 0/ bar iron and ileet. The " Iron Mountain" of Missouri becomes insignificant compared 
with these immense deposits. Tliis region also contains extensiw beds of marble. Flesh red i« the prevailing tint, wiih veiua of a deeper hue. The 
Novacuhte slates are valuable, aSbrding hones equal to the Turkey or Scotch stones 

L3 465 



MICHIGAN. 



to confer adililionnl clmrms to Ihc high finishing of a landscape, the beauty of which is probably second to that of no 
other part of the Union. 

The geolofjical structure of Michigan is extremely varions. The Southern Peninsula is exclusively secondary in its 
formation. The Northern Peninsula, bordering on Lake Superior, is primitive, but the portions bordering on Lake 
Michigan and Green Bay secondary. Priuiitivo boulders, or '"lost rocks," are discoverable in every part of the Slate, 
esptcially upon the coasts, and upon the margin or in the beds of the rivers. These are found of enormous dimensions 
on the coast of Huron, especially nortli of Saginaw Bay. Here granite masses exist, weighing from 1 to 100 tons, nr even 
more. Michigan bears evident marlvs of once having been partially or entirely inundated. It is skirted by a belt of 
heavily timbered land, about 25 miles deep, surrounding the entire lake coast, which lies several feet below the adjoining 
plains and openings, and seems to have been the bed of the hikes long after the waters receded from the plains and 
burst their barriers through the Gulf of St. Lawrence. The Southern Peninsula is of the same geologieai formation as 
Western New York, its rocks consisting of mostly horizontal strata of hmestones, sandstones, and shales; the limestones 
being generally foimd in the beds of the rivers, near the lakes, and the sandstones in the interior. The soil covering these 
ehales is either alluvial or diluvial, and has a depth varying from 1 to 150 fecL The upper sandstone occupies the central 
and more elevated portions of the peninsula, and discovers Hsclf of^en immediately under the surface of the soil. Its 
thickness and general inclination are uncertain. Quarries of this stone have been opened in numerous localities on and 
south of Grand Kiver. It generally admits of being easily quarried, furnishing a goo<l building material, and is frequently 
used for grindstones. The stratum underlying the sandstone is a gray-colored limestone. It has been traced from Iho 
rapids of the Maumee, in Ohio, to Charily Islands of Saginaw Bay, and has been noticed at the river Eaisin, the bed of 
which it forms at several places, at Stony Point, and other points along the coast of Lake Erie, and in numerous other 
places. Associated with this rock is found calcareous spar, strontian, baryles, gJT>sum, etc., varying with locality. The 
limestone of Michigan is for the most part of a subgranular structure, quite compact, and well adapted to agricultural pur- 
poses, and though at many points it is capable of producing a valuable lime upon burning, it is not unfrequenlly too 
silicious to answer that purpose. Below the gray limestone formation the graywacke, or lower sandstone, stratum is suj)- 
posed to exist. This is noticed on the Lake Huron shore, on the St. Mary's Strait, at the Pictured Eocks, and at various 
other points in the upper peninsula. Gypsum is found in several places ; and in all those localities where the superior 
stratum, or carboniferous limestone formation exists, there arc indications of the existence of bituminous coal. Marl is 
abundant; it is composed of deposits of recent shells, and when submitted to the process of calcination, it has been found 
to produce lime of a superior quality. It is likewise an excellent manure for lands when judiciously applied. Deposits 
of marly clay are quite common. A fine bed occurs in the county of Macomb, near the middle branch of Cliulon iCiver, 
and it exists also near Ann Arbor, where pottery is manufactured from it with success. The sand comprising the <Iown8 
that border Lake Michigan shore is said to be of a quality in some instances fitted for the manufacture of glass. The best 
bed of sand for this purpose, however, occurs near Monroe ; it is composed of small, snowy white, angular grains of pure 
quartz, which has proceeded from the disintegration of a silicious lime rock. 

In the upper peninsula the great mineral region lies in the primitive formation ; hero are the most stupendous copper 
and iron deposits in the world, containing a sufficiency of mineral to supply the markets for many centuries. Of the iron 
mention has been made heretofore. The great copper region is principally confined to the Kewenaw peuinsula. 
The extreme length of the deposit is about 135 miles, and it has a width varying from 1 to 6 miles. The mineral, how- 
ever, does not exist in every portion of this region, for miles may intervene and no trace be ascertained. In some of the 
river beds immense boulders of native coppcj are met with. These mines are now being actively wrought, and are in 
general proving remunerating to the companies working them, but until the navigation of Lake Superior is opened to 
shipping, the expenses of transportation to market will prove a formidable obstacle to the full development of the capaci- 
ties of the mines. Salt springs are also known to exist in difi"erent parts of the State. The saline district lies mostly 
north of a line drawn fi-om Monroe to Grandville. Medicinal waters, mosUy chalybeate, and sulphur springs, also occur in 
numerous localities, and are useful in cutaneous and chronic disorders generally. One near Havre is 35 feet deep and 150 
feet in circumference, and produces a volume of water sufficient to propel a run of stones. 

The rivers of Michigan are in general comparatively smaller but more numerous, having in the lower peninsula a 
greater length from then- mouths to where they head, than is commonly observed in most other sections of the Union. 
This latter circumstance may, perhaps, be attributed not only to the uniformity of descent, but to the more favorable struc- 
ture of the interior to furnish them constant supplies. The Detroit, St. Clair, and St. Mary's are more property called 
straits and not rivers. They are tranquil, deep, copious, and expansive streams, uniting the great lakes, the waters of 
which they conduct toward the ocean. The largest rivers of the lower peninsula are the Grand, Maskegon, St. Joseph, 
and Kalamazoo, which fiow into Lake Michigan ; the Cheboygan and Thunder Bay rivers, that discharge into Lake 
Huron, and the Saginaw into Saginaw Bay. The streams flowing eastward are small, owing to the position of the dividing 
ridge, which is considerably east of the middle of the peninsula; the largest are the Kaisin, Huron, Clinton, and Kongo. 
The largest rivers of the upper peninsula are the Montreal, the Great Iron, the Ontonagon, the Huron, the St. John's, and 
the Chocolate, which put into Lake Superior ; and the Mcnomonie and Manistee, which flow, the former into Green Bay, 
and the latter into Lake Michigan. There arc several other considerable streams, though of a smaller grade, and these, 
with few exceptions, are lively, pure, and healthy, sui)plyiug mill-power, and draining the fine agricultural lands tlu-ough 
which they course. 

Michigan is encompassed by five lakes, four of which are the largest collections of fresh water on the globe. These are 
Lake Superior, Lake Michigan, Lake Huron. Lake St. Clair, and Lake Erie, wiiich are connected by the Straits of Detroit, 
St. Clair, Michilimackinac, and St. Mary. Of these immense Mediterranean waters. Lake Superior is by far the largest. 
It lies directly north of the upper peninsula, and the greater part of its southern coast is bordered by it Lake Michigaji 
is the second in size. It is a long narrow lake, stretching a little north-eastw ard I y between the lower peninsula and the 
States of Wisconsin and Illinois. The northern part, togetlier with the straits, separate the two peninsulas from each 
other. Lake Buroii is next in dimensions, and is situate on the north-eastern border of Lower Michigan, separating it 
fW)m Canada West. The shape of this lake is extremely irregular ; its principal indentations are Saginaw Bay, which 
extends down into the interior, and two others, one immediately north of Manito islands, and tlie other south-east of them. 
The latU-r, sometimes called the Manito Bay or Georgian Lake, is very large, estimated at one-fourth of Lake Huron. It 
empties through tlie Strait St Clair, into St. Clair Lake, the smallest of the five bordering on Michigan, and tliis again 
discharges itself through Detroit Strait into Lake Eri,\ More than 30 miles of this latter borders Michigan, and opens 
to the State a free navigation to the principal porta along its coasts, Bufl'alo, Dunkirk, Erie, Sandusky, etc Nor Ls this 
4C0 



MICHIGAN. 



state merely surrounded by lakes, but the interior is interspersed Willi them from one border to the other. The country 
indeed is liter.-illy maculated with small lakes of every form and size, from an .irca of 1 to 1,000 acres, though, as a 
general rule, tlicy do not perhaps average 500 acres in extent. They are sometunes so frequent that several of them may 
be seen from the same position. They ai^ usually very deep, with gravelly bottoms, waters transparent, and of a cool 
temperature at all seasons. This latter fact is supposed to be in consequence of springs which furnish them constant 
supplier. Water fowl of various sorts inhabit their shores, and their depths are the domain of abundance of flsh, trout, 
bass, pike, pickerel, dace, perch, cat-fish, sucker, bull-head, etc., which often grow to an extraordinary size. It is usual to 
find some creek or rindet originating in these, but what is a singular fact, and not easily accounted fr^, many of these 
bodies of living water have no perceptible outlet, and yet are stored with fish. A lake of this description, with its rich 
stores of flsh and game, forms no unenvkible appendage to a (hrm, and is properly appreciated. But with all its length of 
lake coast, Michigan can bo.ast of but few good harbors, yet there are several that afford excellent shelter from the storms 
tliat frequently sweep over these great inland seas, and lash them into turmoil. 
Michigan is divided into 43 counties, the general statistics of which and the capitals of each, in 1S50, were as follows : 

^"P- inculL Kst:.h. Capitals. 

6,125.. 2T0.. 80.. Allegan 

6,072.. 783.. 26..Ha.sting3 
11,417.. 690.. M.. Berrien Spring 
12,473. .1,4-13. . 63. .Cold Water 
19.102. .1,724.. 61..MarshaU 



Counties. Dwell. 

Allegan 997, 

Barry 1,087. 

Berrien 2,126, 

Branch 2,3(10. 

Calhoun 8,483 

Cass 1,914. .10,907.. 

Chippewa 187.. 89S.. 

Clmton 946.. 6,102.. 

Eaton 1,.32S.. 7,053.. 

Genesee 2,257. 

Hills<lale 2,905. 

Houghton 116. 

Huron 53. 

Ingham 1,5S3. 

Ionia 1,.367. 

Jackson 8,640. 

Kalamazoo 2,.'3,S7 

Kent 2,251. .12,016 

Lapeer 1,2S6.. 7,029.. 023 

Lenawee 4,892. .26,.372. .2,470 

Livingston 2.36S. .13,4.35, .1,044 

Macomb 2,006. .15,5.30. .1,277, 



950.. 21..Cassopoli3 
17.. 10..Stc. M.aria 
614.. 18. .De Witt 
746.. 4S.. Charlotte 
12,031.. 1,255.. 83. .Flint 
16.15».. 1,411.. 45..nillsdaIo 



70,3. 

. 210. 

8,631. 

7,597. 

.19,431. 

.1.3,179. 



, 13. 
. IS. 
, 991. 
, 001. 
2,250. 
,1,093. 
. 819. 



Eagle liiver 



.Mason 

.Ionia 

.Jackson 

.Kalamazoo 
67.. Grand Kapids 
45. .Lapeer 
150.. Adrian 
40.. Howell 
05 . . Mount Clemens 



Counties. 



'^"P- incolt.E,tab. C>P'l«'s- 



Marquette 13.. 186.. 

Michilimackinactt ) cqi ^^qq 

21 other counties P " 

M,Tson 12.. 93.. 

Midlan.l 10.. 65.. 

Montcalm 164.. S91.. 

Monroe 2,544. .14,098 

Newago 92.. 510.. 

Oakland 5,099. .81,270. 



0.. 
13.. 



0.. Marquette 
89.. Mackinac 



0. 
4. 

20. 

1,271. 

0. 

,440. 

0. 

0. 

273. 

72. 



5.. 
0.. 



. 45. 

12. 

140. 



Greenville 
.Monroe 



Pontiac 



Oceana 68.. 300.. 

Ontonagon 46.. 339.. 

Ottawa 1,129. . 6,5S7. . 

Saginaw 473.. 2,009.. 

SaniLac 372.. 2,112.. 

St. Clair 1,810.. 10,420.. 

St. Joseph's 2,301 . .12,725. . 

Schoolcraft 6.. 10.. 

Shiawassee 972.. 6,2-30.. 

Tuscola 66.. 291.. 

Tan Buren 1,053. . 6,800. . 

W;ishtcnaw 5,142. .23,507. .2,543 

Wayne 7,003. .42,750. .1,635 



0.. Ontonagon 
30.. Grand Haven 
14. .Saginaw City 
61.. 27.. Lexington 
492.. OS.. St. Clair 
1,.379.. 82..Centreville 
0.. C. — 
640.. 4S..Corunna 
IS.. 0.. — 
4159.. 18.. Paw Paw 
154.. Ann Arbor 
244.. Detroit 



Tlie whole number of dwellings in the State was. at the above date, 71,616; of families, 72,611 ; and of Inhabitants, 
39r,ft>l ; viz., whites S95,'i97— males 203,471, and fem.ilcs 180,020 ; free colored, 2,557— males 1,412, and females 1,14.5. Of 
the whole population there wore, deaf and dumb — wh. 121, fr. col. 1 — tot^d 122; hUitd — wh. 122, fr. col. — total 122; 
?;wa;if — wh. 135, fr. col. 1 — total 130, an<i idiotic — wh. 187, fr. col. 3 — total 190. The number of free persons born in the 
United States was ,>41,591, tlie number of foreign bfrlh 54,352, and of birth unknown 1.211 ; ^^atil•'' population originated 
as follows: Me. 1,117, N. Hamp. 2.744, Verm, f 1,1 13, Mass. 8,107, E. 1. 1,0.51, Conn. 0,751, N. T. 1-33.756, N. J. 6,572, Pcnn. 
9,451, Del. 8CS, Md. 687, Dist. of Col. 45, Virg. 1,504, N. Car. 812, S. Car. 81. Ga. 63, Flor. 12, Ala. 19, Miss. 84, La. 80, 
Tex. 4, Ark. 25, Tenn. 101, Ky. 402, Oh. 14,077, Ifichirian 140,643, Ind. 2.008, III. 490, Mo. 92, la. 59, Wise. 832, Calif 3, 
Territories 86 ; and the foreign population was composed of persons, from — England 10,020, Ireland 13,430, Scotland 
2,361, Wales 127, Germany 10.1170, France 945, Spain 10, Portugal 2, Belgium 112, Holland 2,542, Turkey 2, Italy 12, 
Austria 21, Switzerlanii 113, Russia 75. Denmark 13, Norway 110, Sweden 10. Prussia 190, Sardinia 2, Greece 1, China 1, 
Asia 0, Africa 3, British America 14,003, Mexico 4, Central America 0, South America 5, West Indies 34, Sand^vich 
Islands 2, and other countries 66. 

Tlie following table will show the decennial progress of the population since the first census of the State taken by the 
United States authorities : 



Ce,>sus 


White 

IVrsi.ns. 

.... 4.013.... 




Cnl'ired Torsons. 




Ti.tal 

Pojiiilation. 

.... 4,703... 


Decennial Increase. 


Years. 
1810.... 


Fr.-... 

.... 120 


Slave, 

24 


Total. 
144... 


Numerical. 


Percent. 


1820 .... 
1830 .... 
1840.... 
1350.... 


.... S,.591 .... 
.... 81,340.... 
.... 211..500 .... 
. . . . 895.097 .... 


. . . . 305 
.... 201 
.... 707 
....2,557 


32 


805 .... 

293 .. . 

707 . . . 

2,557 . . . 


.... 8,S9G... 
.... 81,039 ... 
.... 212,207 . . . 
....397,054... 


.... 4,134.. 

.... 22,7*3.. 
.... 180,028 .. 
....185,837.. 


... SC.S 

... 2.55.e 
... 570.9 
... 87.3 



The statistics of the wealth, production, manufactures, and institutions of Michigan, as exhibited by the census of 1850, 
and other ofBcial returns referring to the same period, are na follows : 

Occupied I.an/7s^ etc. — Improved lands 1,929,110 acres, and unimproved lands 2,454,780 acres— valued in cish at 
$51,872,446. The whole nnmber of farms 34,039. Value of farming implements and machinery, $2,390,371. 

Liv^Stoc^. — Horses, 58,506; asses and mules, 70; milch cows, 99,076; working oxen, 55.850; other cattle, 119,471; 
sheep, 746,435; and swine, 205,847— valued in the aggregate at $3,008,734. The returns of 1S40 exhibited the live-stock 
in the State as follows: horses, mules, etc., 30,144; neat cattle of all descriptions, 185,190; sheep, 99,618; and swuie, 
295,890. 

Products of Animali.—Woo], 2,043.283 (in 1840, 163,3751 pounds ; butter, 7,065,878 pounds ; cheese, 1.011.492 pounds ; 
and v.alue of animals slaughtered during the year. $1,323,327. Silk cocoons were produced to the amount of 8 (in 
1840, 260) pounds ; and beeswax and honey to that of 359.2-32 pounds. 

Grain Crops.— Wheat, 4.925.SS9 bushe)9 : rv-e. 10.'i,S71 bushels ; Indian com, 6,611.420 bushels; oal3, 2,800,0.56 bushels; 
oarley, 75,249 bushels ; and buckwheat, 472,917 bushels. The crops of the same cereals, in 1840, were : wheat, 2,157,103 

467 



MICHIGAN. 



bush'-'lti; In.Iian corn, 3/277,039 bushels; oals, 2,114,051 bushels; ryo, 84,a;36 bushels; barloy, 12T,S02 bushela; aud 
buekwheat 113,5i)i bushels. 

Oihar Food Crops. — Peas aud beans, 74,254 bushels; and potatoes— I riahj 3,859,897 bashcls, and sweet, 1,177 bushels. 
The potato crop of 1S40 amounted to 2,109,205 bushels. 

MiitceUaneom Crops.— Tobacco, 1,245 pounds; hay, 404,9-34 tons; clovcr-secd, 16,989 bushels; other grass-seed. 9,785 
bushels; hops, 10,G6;J (in 1*40, 11,381) pounds; hemp— do w -rolled 1G6 tons, and water-rotted 37 tons; flax, 6.994 pounds 
(crop of hemp and flax in 1840, 755i- Ions) ; flax-seed, 1,421 bushels ; maple sugar, 2,438,987 pounds ; molnsses, 19.823 gal- 
lons; wine, 1,054 gallons, etc. The value of orchard products was $132,650, and of market-garden products $14,73.8. 

TTome-ynads manufactures for the year 1849-50 were produced to the value of $1,328,327. In lS;j9-40 the same de- 
scription of products were valued at $113,955. 

J}/f/7;?//rtc^i/r*is.— Aggregate capiud invested, $0,000,000 ; value of raw material, fuel, etc, consumed, $0,000,000; aver- 
age number of hands employed 00,000 — males 00,000, and females 000; average monthly cost of labor $000,000 — male 
^(HHi.noO, and female $0,000; total value of products for the year ending let June, 1850, $0,000,000. The whole number 
of manufacturing establishments in the State producing to the value of $500 and upward annually, at the above date, was 
1,979, distributed among the several counties, as shown in the general table, and of these 15 were woolen factories, 04 iron 
factories — 63 for castings, and 1 for pig iron, and 00 tanneries. 

The woolen manufactures employed a capiLal of $94,000, coa-^umed annually 162.250 pounds of wool, valued at $4=3.402, 
employed 78 males and 51 females, at a monthly cost — fur male labor, $1,689, and for female labor, $535, and produced 
141,570 yards of cloth, valued at $90,242. 

The fmimlries manufacturing casting!^ employed a capital of $195,450 ; used 2,494 t*>ns pig metal, 901 tons mineral coal, 
and 16,200 bushels coke and charcoal, v:tlued at $91,865; employed 337 hands, at average wages amounting to $23 08 to 
each hand, and produced 2,070 tons of castings and other jjroducts, valued in tlie aggregate at $279,697. The capital cm- 
ploye<l in making ;>/i7 iron was $15,000, and the quantity manufactured was 660 tons, valued at $21,000. 

In the tannerie.s,\\\c invested capital amounted to .$236,000; value of raw material used, $203,450; hands employed, 
265 ; monthly cost of labor, $6,7S2 ; skins 23,600, and sides 144,730 tanned ; value of both, $36:3,980. 

Tlie manufactures of Michigan, other than those enumerated, are various and largo, consisting of flour-mills, saw-mills, 
asheries. potteries, machine-shops, axe and edge-tool factories, distilleries, paper-mills, etc., etc. There are about 260 
flour-mills in the State, chiefly driven by water-power, and capable of making between 700,000 and 800,000 barrels of 
flour annually; and the number of saw-mills is not far short of 650, of which 79 are driven by steam. 

Foreign Commerce. — The total value of tlie exporls from Michigan to foreign countries- during the year ending SOlh 
June, 1850, was $132,045, of which $57,232 was the value of produels carried in American bottoms, and $74,813 m foreign 
bottoms; and tlie total value of imports was $144,102, all of which were brought in American bottoms. 

The shipping employed in the carrying trade was 56,96:3 tons inward, and 54,701 tons outward— in detail as follows : 



Nationfility. 

American... . 
Foreign , 



INWARD. 

Ships, Tonnage 

..." 97 7,254 

.. 394 49,709 



Total 491 



50,903 



Crpwe. 
. 699 
. 8,944 

4,013 



OUTWAED. 
Nationality. Ships. 

Americitn 112 ... 

rorcigli 390 ... 



Tnnnftfce. Crewa. 

T,9S2 720 

46,719 3,903 



Total . 



.502 



M,701 



4,623 



Tear. 


Exporta 


1823 


.. $- 


1829 


— 


1&30 


... 1,688 


1S31...... 


— 


1832 


... 9,234 


1833 


9,064 


1S84 


.. 30,021 


18»8 


.. 6-4,830 



Imports. 

$502,289 



250,602 



Year. Exports. 

1S44 % — 

18J5. 251,220 

1S46 251,890 

1847 93,795 

1848 111,635 

1849 132,851 

1850 132,045 . 



Impons. 
$19,879 

41.953 
154.92S 

37.003 
115,760 

98,141 
144,102 



Of the aff^roiiato shipping inward, 54,130 tons entered in Detroit district, and 2,8^33 tons in that of Michi!im.^ckinac ; and 
of the aggregate outward, 62,554 tons cleared from Detroit, and 2,147 from Miehilimackinae districts. The shipping owned 
in the two districts amounts to 38,144 tons, all of the class enrolled and licensed, and of which 18,015 tons are navigated 
bj- steam-power. In the Detroit district 14 vessels — 5 schooners, G sloops, and 3 steamers— of an aggregate burden of 2,002 
tons, were built during the year above referred to. The greater portion of the external commerce of Slichigan is with 
the adjoining British provinces. Tlie following table exhibits the movements of the foreign commerce of tho State for a 
series of years : 

Imports. Year. Exports. 

$3,440 1836 $61,231 

2,9.i7 1837 69,790 

21,315 18.38 125,660 

— 1889 — .... — 

22,649 1840 162,229 .... 188,610 

63,876 1841 88,529 137,300 

106,202 1842 202.229 .... 80,784 

130,629 1843 262,994 .... 76,370 

Lake Commerce. — This department of commerce in Michigan is large, and yearly increasing. Twenty years ago it 
had no existence, and even ten years ago it was of very trilling importance compared with its present extent. Of the 
commercial movements on Lake Superior, no statistics have been published, but it is well understood that all the pr.> 
ducts of the country bordering on it, from their very nature being mineral, must seek a distant market, and that the great 
bulk of necessaries of life nuist be carried to the miners — thus creating a large commerce, and that an increasing one. A 
navigable canal, 5,267 feet long, around the Sault Ste. Marie, is about to be constructed, and bonce the commerce on I^ako 
Superior will be at once established on a sure and lasting basis. On Lake Huron the exports from the two districts of 
Bault Ste. Marie and Miehilimackinae in 1850-51 amounted to $r),'i3,ClS, and thoimporls to $294,534; on the lake aud river 
St. Clair, from the districts of Algonac, St. Clair, Trenton, and Mount Clemens, the exports in the same year amounted to 
$483,660, and the imports to $155,863; and on Lake Michigan, from district of SI. Joseph's, the exports were valued at 
$5t3,S94, and tlio imports at $672,892— making a total of exports by lake valued at $1,581,172, and of imports valued at 
$1,32:3,289. The above flgures embrace the total imports and exports on Lake Huron, aud also on the river and Lake St. 
Ciair, 80 far as domestic commerce is conccmcil ; the total commerce on Lake Michigan, inclusive of that of St. Joseph's 
above, was in the same year — exports $8,830,108, and imports $15,4S4,728, or a total value of exports and imports amount- 
ing to $24,.320,830, of which $398,08:3 lielongcd to Indiana, $11,903,777 to Illinois, and the remainder to Wisconsin. 

fnk'nial Coinmxmicatimi. — Michigan has two transverse railroads — one extending from Detroit, via New Buffalo, to 
40S 



MICHIGAN. 



Ckica-o and the other from Toledo :,„,1 Monroe, ,•;» White Pigeon and the Indmna Northern Krj'lroad to the Bame 
de,.ina"ton These two roads form links in the great chains running east and we.t eonaeetmg the northern AUan«cbtal«a 
an s° J^^board with the Mississippi, and nitintately with the shores of the Paeifle Oee.n. On the.e hnes U,e trans,, of goods 
an pLengl is immense, ,,eh.g the sl„,rtest route. hi.h.,to constructed on the long^^^^^^^^ 
ami i)»^=<! s „.„_._ " ,, ,,„„,„ „.,„i„ntinn i;,„.« of olhf.r Slates and of Canada give to Mioliigan aecesn by 



and passengers IS immense, oenig lae smiiieoi.iui.^= "..">..« 1^™- , '- , . . ,, , ■ „„„„„„ kv 

coimeetlons with the railroads and ste.am navigation lines of other Slates and of Canada give to M.olngan aeeesr. by 

connceiiouB lYiiu u,^ ^ ^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^__ ^^^ „„i;„„rv i-nndfl- and lend to swell the already large com- 

raUroad aud water to vast ri'gio 
mereial connection of the State. 



eoTineetiona w th the ranroaos ana sieani ua¥ii;iuii7ti mt^o .^. v.,,.-. ^ "^ ., , , , , „ 

raToad and water to vast regions hitherto aeeessiblo only by ordinary r,>ads, and tend to swell the already large com- 
radroad aud water to „ ^^^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^^ railroads in the Stale, as the one from Detxod to Pontiac, xnd 

f .__ m^i.,i„ i~ r\,,t_.^;t inrt.l r..,-iiT. T^atri-iil ti^ till* 



s:;r^h;;:pe::tt'sr«n^n^:i=:^:;^=^^^^ 

mineral rgions ia the upper peninsula. A line is aUo projected IVom Jackson, on the Central Koad, '» L-nsmg, U,o 
Zm tL- tolal length of completed railroa.i in the State, on the 1st of J.anuary, 1S53, w^ 4.S1 mdes, wh.eh had jsl 
abour$12 000 000 or about one mile of railroad to evc^y UT square milc>s of territory. A eanal ,s also about b«ng 
llcled around Sault Ste. Marie, which will conned the waters of Lake Superior and the lower lakes, and thus open 
UT> the commerce of the richest mineral region of the world to the markets of the east, 
'y' /"-On the 1st January, 1S51, there were in the State five banks and one branch bank the flnanc.alcond.l.on of 
WW h at the date affixed, was a, f„llows: /.«,^«r<to-e.apital »TM,0-23, circulation ?S9T,:iM, f-P™''f *;"«'lf .f"" 
otlr banks «■! 64 and other liabilitu-s $«2,S1G ; and o.w«.-loans and discounts ?1,319,303, stocks $4'20.521 real eaat« 
S'iSotl^r investment" *65,o:«, due by oUter banks *«4,091, notes of other banlcs $109,0SG, specie fund $105, .od 

'''fftmf^In'r -The government is based on the constitution approved by the people, in November, 1850 It provides 

Omu n»i«if. iiie S"^™ , „ , i„|ial.itant who, .six mouths previously, 

^d :,:;? lii^ i^^^ii n nri^i Hiir onJu^Ld S,a,cs, of who has resided in the State Uvo and a ha. ye,^ 
nd de lared h s mention as aforesaid, and every civilized male Indian, not a member o any tr.be. Every e ector slta 1 bo 
above n years of age, and have resided in the Sl.ate three months, and in the township or ward m which he offer, his 
vl te; daTpreeemng an election. Duelists are disqualilicd from voting or being elected to any omce. The general 
elections are held on Tuesday succeeding the first M.mday in November, biennially (even years). , , . , _ 

IXM^l-'oer is vested in a Senate and House of Eepresen.atives. Senators, 32 ,n number, are elected from 
sintedlst kts for two years, and Eepresentatives, not less than U nor more than 100 in number (miw 60) from 
ds'Jc,randlr the same term. When any town or district is entitled to more than o-,-!--;' ^ -;^ « ■^-"'^^^s 

t 1 •» ■ „„t;,i„,l i. r.lpcte.l bv general ticket but counties entitled to more than one are divided int<i .l.stricLs. Scjiators 
atl't; : c"ta s' . alt 'So^^ «'»'- »"" """""'^•^ ^'-°"' »"^ ^'^^" '^"'^ "" other office under the 

Stl Isleruentvl of twcthirds of all the members elected abnegates the governor's veto to any bdl, and it becomes 
l^w ' The IcJislitnre meets biennially (odd years), on the first Wednesday m February, 
law^ The legisumre meets menma J ^^ ■> Governor and Lieutenant-governor are elected biennially by a 

E.recuU.e P«™'- '^ "»'^* ZT.uZiZ al of 30 y ars, have been a citiz:en of the United Stales for five y«,rs, 
^LTonhe s™: [wo years n:t';;e:eCTh^^^ of the governor are those usually cjoyed "y that ofilce. Ko 

and of the State two year, i .- j „,. „,^ p„i,„l gt^t,,,, or of Michig.an shall execute the offlc. of 

^rL' n!:^ BhauVe ^ovtlr™ iieuten^ be eligible for any other office during the fune for which they 

may' have been chosen.^ ,oereHrv of Slate, Stale Treasurer, a Commissioner of the Stale Land OfBce, Super- 

;:s™i:i,»',t.~sS5:.l.-™».".u,.,..„ 

a Board of state Canvassers, to determine the restdls of all elections for stale officers. , . . ,. ,„„„„,„„ 

neju<>Lt,,is vested n one Superior Court, in Circuit Courts, in Probate Courts, and in just.ees of 'In^ peace 
There a e also municipal courts of civil and criminal jurisdiction. All judges and ,,ust.ees are elected by the I - Pl"' Th° 
Sim emrco irt to general superintending control over all inferior eourls, and holds four lernv, annual y. I la po»c 
Supreme t™" ^ca g r i b ^^ ^^^_^ ^ ^^^^ ^^^^ legislature is enjoined to abolish, as lar 

by general rules '°. ";«'''> •"™"^,^;.™'™^^^^ proceedings. The Circuit Court consists of eight judges, one for 

each,udieiale^cu.t who 1 Id oincef,^^^^^^^^^ ^,^^^_^^ ^__ .^^^^.^^ ^^^^^^^ j_,^^^^ ^^^ .^^^^^ ,,^ ^^ 

n T^f^' fdurh ir he ir el eVvr^er^n^^^^^ for 'me year thereafter. A circuit court is held twice a year in e^ry 
other office "i"' "f '' ;"''P;„"^, ,, ,,;j ,„„r lUncs in each year in counties of more than 10,000 inhabitants. The 
^rduTo Z V e mlTL™ urisdiction as providl. by special law-lhe judges hold office n,r f.ur y«,.. 
The whorof the above arc court, of record, and have a common seal. Justices of the peace are chosen for four to rs 
Ind Vnl town mav have four-cities may have more than that number. In civil cases, justices of the p-ace have 
exclush iirLicHon t' the mount of ifl00,'and concurrent to ^300. which may be increased by law to *.m They have 
exclusn ur saiclion 10 in ooncilintion may be established. Any suitor m any court of 

also criminal jurisdict on in n. ' ^ "^ ; ™™ . ;„ ,,,^ J^ „r by an attorney or agent of his own 

^f " n;^::Su",r^: m«.i ihe .'::' ;::y ;;;' ;,ven m evidence.%reason against the State shall consist only 
i. .v^ing war agauist ---™|; -^^r^^l.^:;-:^ to by two-thirds of each house, 

TZ'^Z^^A^Ct^n<^t^^J.i genera, election, .and if a majority of the electors voting thereon rMify 
'"'i^ nll^^ttamt'esamsha 1 become a part of the constilution. All amendments to take effect at the commencement 
o? th7n 11 ic a "; afteXif adoptL. InlscO, and every sixteenth year thereafler, the question of a general revi«on 
c IR ton sh 1 be submiUed to Ihe electors, and in case a majority shall decide in favor of « convention, the 

field officers, etc.. and 2.20S company officers. , ^ ,„^ ^^ ,^, p^^f 

The principal hrnrrah-nt !„«tilutwm of the State are, the Asylum r""«;I°«''"'' **''";' ^ the control of a board 
and Dumb and the Wiml at Kalamazoo. These institutions are en.Jowed with lands, and are under 
of nve trustees elected by the legislature. ^jg 



MICHIGAN. 



Finance., Belts, etc.—HhQ total available means in the treasury for the year ending SOth November, 1350, was 
$4S4,715 67, of which sum $55,447 39 was a balance from the fiscal year 1S49, and $429,265 25 receipts during the year 
ending as above. The total expenditures amounted to !f449,355 40, leaWng a balance of $ii5.860 27 for future appropri- 
ation. The chief sources of inc&nie were— general taxes and sales of land about $300,000, and specific State taxes 
$24,404; and the principal objects of expenditure were— legislation $54,G07 58, constitutional convention $31,463 05, 
executive $11,953 16, judiciary $9,154 8:3, state prison $6,000, counties for taxes $6,G37 27, expenses of sales of tax lands 
$14,045 37, State library $143 S6, school moneys apportioned $42,794 44, university $9,644 70, etc. The aggregaUj debt 
Of Michigan as stated by the auditor-general in his report of 1st December, ISoO, was $2,309,905 83, bearing interest 
mostly at sLx per cent. The resources and property of the State, other than State buildings and furniture, are stated 
at $028,224 85, leaving the actual State debt, over and above the resources of the State, $2,lbl,6"'l 4S. The total value 
of real and personal estate assessed for taxes in 1S50, was $30,877,223; but the true or estimated value of the same was 
$59,787,255. 

Federal 7iepre86ntatio?i.—M\ch\gaii, in accordance with the provisions of the act of 23d May, 1S50, apportioning the 
federal representation, is entitled to four representatives in Congress. 

Fducatio7i. — Michigan, in 1850, contained 3,097 schools, of which 2,525 only made returns in that year. According to 
the report of the Superintendent of Public Education, 132,234 rliildreu, between the ages of 4 and IS, attended school 
during the year ; the number drawing public money, 125,866. Number of scholars under 4 years of age, 2,056, and over 
18 years of age, S,;346. Amount of school money appropriated, $42,794 44, and raised by tax, $S1,393 44 for support of 
teachers. Eaisod for purchasing, building, etc., school-houses, $46,797 01. Received from local funds, $5,889 59. Vol- 
umes in township libraries, 84.823. Mill tax for township liljraries and support of schools, $7,957 80. Total amount 
expended for school puri)oses, $194,330 73. The number of scholars attending unincorporated, select, or private schools, 
Was 4,065. A State normal school has been established at Ypsilanti, with an endowment of school lands, and is under 
the control of the Board of Education. The principal collegiate institution of Michigan is the University at Ann Arbor. 
It is under a Board of Kegents, who have control of the ITniversity fund. In 1850 it had 7 professors, 91 alumni, 64 stu- 
dents, and a Ubrary of 0,000 volumes. The medical department of the University in the same year had 6 professors and 
95 students. An agricultural dejiartment is provided for by the new constitution. SL Philip's College, near Detroit, is a 
Eoman Catholic institution, founded in 1S39, and in 1850 had 4 professors, 30 students, and a library of 8,000 volumes. 
There are numerous academies and other literarj' institutions in the State, the former connected with the University, and 
receiving an apportionment of the University Fund. 

Libraries.— One State library, 4,400 volumes; 2 social libraries, 3,315 volumes; 4 college Hbraries, 10,300 volumes; 874 
School libraries, 47.220 volumes — total 3S1 libraries, and 05,235 volumes. The number of volumes in the school libraries, 
as given in llie report of the Superintendent of Public Instruction, differs essentially from the above census account, being 
stated at 84,823 volumes. 

Periodical Ffess.—The whole number of periodicals published in the State In 1850 was 67, of which 37 were devoted 
to politics — 16 whig and 21 democratic — and 30 were devoted to literature, science, religion, etc. Of the whole number S 
were issued daily and scmi-weekly, 53 weekly, 2 semi-monthly, and 4 monthly; and the circulation of the dailies at each 
issue was 5,000, of the semi-weekly, 200, of the weeklies, 31,563, of the semi-monthlies, 2,600, and of the monthhes, 13,300, 
The dailies are published at Detroit; of the weekZi/ issues, 1 is published at Allegan, 3 at Niles, 1 at Coldwater, 2 at Mar- 
shall, 1 at Sault Ste. Marie, 1 at Cassopolis, 1 at De Witt, 1 at Eaton Kaplds, 2 at Flint, 2 at Hillsdale, 1 at JonesviUe, 1 at 
Lansing, 1 at Ionia, 2 at Jackson, 2 at Kalamazoo, 2 at Grand Eapids, 1 at Lapeer, 1 at Adrian, 1 at Howell, 1 at Romeo, 
2 at Mount Clemens, 2 at Monroe, 2 at Pontiac, 1 at Holland, 1 at Saginaw, 1 at Corunna, 1 at St. Clair, 1 at Port Huron, 
2 at Centreville, 1 at Paw Paw, 2 at Ann Arbor, 2 at Ypsilanti, and 6 at Detroit; the semi^nontkUea are published at 
Lansing and Jonesville, and the inonthUes at Adrian, Monroe, and Detroit. 

Religiovs Deiiominations. — The statistics of the several religious denominations in this State were, in accordance with 
the census of 1850, as follows : 



Senomina- ffo. of 


Ckorch 


Value of 


Denomina- No, of 


Churcli 


Vnloo o( 


Danomina- No. of 


Cliuroli 


Value of 


tions. Cliiirihes. 


accum. 


Fm|.erty. 


tioiis. Cbunhea. 


occora. 


rroperlj. 


tiona. t'liurrliea. 


aciom. 


[•roiterly. 


Baptist 63 .. 


iT,ei5 . 


$84,050 


German Eef. — . . 


— . 


% - 


E. Catholic. 42 .. 


16,972 . 


. $169,775 


Christian ... 1 . . 


.wo . 


1,000 


Jewish — . . 


— . 


— 


Swedenbo'n — .. 


— .. 


— 


Congregat'l.. 29 .. 


in,3i)0 . 


59,550 


Lutheran ... 12 . . 


.3,205 . 


. 12,625 


Tunltcr — .. 


— . 


— 


Dutch Kef. . C . . 


1,575 . 


C,250 


Mennonite.. — .. 


_ . 


_ 


Union 3.. 


800 . 


1,400 


Episcopal . . 25 . . 


8,4!5 . 


62,S00 


Methodist.. 103.. 


83,r,10 . 


142,050 


Unitarian... — .. 


— . 


— 


Free 1 .. 


700 . 


8,000 


Moravian... 1 .. 


200 . 


500 


Universaliat. 6 .. 


1,210 . 


7,100 


Friends. 7 .. 


1,400 . 


4,860 


Presbyter'n.. 67 .. 


22,630 . 


142,650 


Minor Sects .. 1 . . 


SOO . 


. 15,000 



—making a total of 362 churches, with accommodation for 118,892 persons, and valued as property at $423,200. Michigan 
couBtitntcs a diocese of the Protestant Episcopal Church ; and also the Roman Catholic diocese of Detroit. 

PauperUTii and Crime. — Whole number of paupers who were relieved or received support within the year ending 1st 
June, 1S50, 1,190 — 649 native-born, and 541 foreigners ; whole number of paupers receiving support at the date specified, 
429-248 native-born, and 181 foreigners; total annual cost of support $27,550. The Slate prison is located at Jackson. 
The number of convicts on the SOth November, 1849, was 109 ; received during the year 50, and discharged during the 
year 28, leaving in prison 30th November, 1S50, 131, of whom 115 were white, and 16 colored. Of the 50 received, 25 
were committed for larceny, 3 for burglary, and 5 for burglary and larceny ; and of the 3S discharged, 21 by expiration of 
sentence, 2 by pardon, 2 by death, 2 by escape, and 1 by order of Supreme Court. The incomoof the prison was $10,700 63, 
and tlie expenditures $16,736 14, the deficiency being supplied by the State. Of tlio 131 prisoners remaining under sen- 
tence, 5 were educated at college, 1 at a medical school, 8 in academies, and 91 in common schools ; 94 can read and write, 
84 can read only, and 8 can not read ; 19 learned to read in prison ; SG were native-bom, and 45 foreign-born. 

BistoricaZ ^SA-etch.— The discovery and early settlenu-nt of Michigan is due to the French, whose motives seem to have 
been the prosecution of the fur trade, and inci<ientally the conversion of the Indians. In prosecution of the latter object. 
Father Sagard reached Lake Huron in 1632, seven years snl)sequent to the founding of Quebec, but the present site of 
the city of Delrtiit had been visited as early as 1610. Soon at^er the middle of the 17th century, trading-posts were estab- 
lished at Sanlt Ste. Marie, Michilimackinac, and Green Bay— the two first, in a military point of view, important positi'ins, 
and the latti^r post is noted as the starting-point of the expedition of Joliet and Marquette iu search of the Mississippi, iu 
470 



MIC 



MID 



1673, In 1702, an expedition sent out by the Governor of New France laid the foundalion of Detroit From this period 
until the erection of the country into a territory' of the United Stiites, the hislorj' of Michigan ia aimply a history of that 
p03t, and though fUU of romantic interest, and perhaps of useful information relatini? to the progress of settlement, is not 
of sufficient importance to require notice in this place. The Indian wars may also be passed over in silence. The defiui- 
tive Ireaty of peace which acknowledged the independence of the United States, gave to the young republic a vast west- 
ern domain, of which Michigan formed a parL It had been ceded to the English in 1703, when France renounced her 
vast American possessions. The disturbed state of affairs at the period referred to, however, delayed the United States 
in taking possession of the territory ; nor was it until 1796 tliat the Americans entered Detroit, Michigan from this time 
was included under the government of the territory north-west of the Ohio, and hence has ever been amenable to the 
ordinance of 1TS7. In 1SIJ5, the territory of Michigan was constituted, and ou the 1st July of tliat year the governyient 
was organized at Detroit by Oen. William Hull, its first goveruor. In ]sl2, war against Great Britain was declared by 
Congress, and the first shock fell upon Michigan. Detroit was given up to the British, and the country became the scene 
of rapine and bloodshed. The history of this war is one of the most disgusting episodes of which cruelty and treachery 
can boast, and in which the Briton and the Indian were competitors for distineiiuu. On the re-occupation of the territory, 
the governorship was vested in Gen. Lewis Cass. In 1S35, it having been found that Michigan had a population greater 
than required by law to enable her to become a State, a convention was ordered, and having convened at Detroit, a con- 
stitution waa framed ; and by an act of Congress, approved 26th January, 18^37, Michigan was declared " to be one of the 
United States, .and admitted into the Union on an equal footing with the original States in all respL'Cts whatever." 

LA^■srNG is the political capital of the State; until December, 1S47, Detroit was the seat of govenuueut, and is still the 
largest and most important place. 



Michigan lake. One of the flvo gre.it lakes of North 
America, and the largest body of wat^-r lying wholly within 
the limits of the United States. It is situate between latitudes 
410 3S' 5S" and 46° N., and the longitudes 84° 40' and 37° S' 
"W. It is a long and narrow lake, stretching a litUe north- 
eastwardly between the lower peninsula of Michigan on the 
east, and the States of Illinois and Wisconsin on the west, 
and on the south it also washes the shore of Indiana. The 
northern part, together with the strait of Michilimackinac, 
which connects it with Lake Huron, separates the two pe- 
ninsulas of Michigan. The area of its waters is stated at 
lij,9sl sq. m., or ll,067,S4i> acres, being inferior in surface 
only to lakes Superior and Huron. It is 330 miles in 
extreme U*nglli, and on an average 60 miles broad, and its 
elevation above tide-water 074 feet, its depth at the same 
time being about 900 feet. Green Bay, its largest arm, lies 
on the N. W., and itself is a large sheet of water, 120 miles 
long, and from 25 to 28 miles wide. It is the recipient of 
Ihe waters of Winnebago lake through Fox river, and has 
other minor affluents both from Wisconsin and the northern 
peninsula. The lake receives also a number of large and 
small rivers; from the lower peninsula it receives Grand, 
Maskegon, St. Joseph, and Kalamazoo rivers ; from Indiana, 
Calumet river, etc. ; from Illinois, Chicago river, etc. ; from 
Wisconsin, the Milwaukie, Sheboygan, and other streams, 
and from the upper peninsula, Manistee river and a number 
of other small rivers. Many of these have fine harbors at 
their confluence, and commercial towns rapidly progressing 
to importance have been built in every direction. The 
commerce of the lake, indeed, has already become consid- 
erable, and its increase from year to year has been such as 
to astonish the moat sanguine. In lSoO-51 the imports and 
exports from the several ports on the lake were as follows : 



Ports. ImporU. 

Green Bay $l.M.5-']7. . . 

Manitonwoc 49,120. , , 

Sheboygan 571 .SOO . . . 

Port Washington 27-.:il 1 . . . 

Milwaukie 3.S2S.650. .. 

Eacine 1.4.V2,7r)0. . . 

Bouthport C29.791... 

Waukegan 69.0S1 . . . 

et Joseph C72.S.92 . . . 

Michigan City 25,915 . . . 

Chicago 7,T51,S72.. . 



Exports. 

$SO.S:30 

13,719 

12,191 

4^.267 

2,09S,469 

650.950 

5«:l.G0S 

2S;i.l07 

543.^94 

369,1 GS 

4,151.905 



—making for all the ports an aggregate of imports valued at 
$15.4.S4.728, and of exports an aggregate valued at .$^,^36,108. 
This amount would undoubtrdty be much larger if the 
canal from Chicago to the navigable waters of the Illinois, 
acd the numerous railroads diverging from the same point, 
did not carry off the great bulk of the commercial material 



needed and produced in the country on the west side of the 
lake, but these also act as its feeders. The geographical 
position of the lake, indeed, is most advantageous for its 
becoming the channel of an immense commerce. Its length 
lies in the direction between the ilississippi and the great 
lakes, and it is navigable for vessels of the greatest tonnage. 
Steamboats ply regularly between all Ihe ports, and to and, 
from these and the ports of Lake Erie, having Buffalo, Erie, 
Cleveland, Sandusky, etc., as their eastern destination, and 
at these connecting with the great lines to the interior and 
Atlantic sea-board. 

MiCDiGAN City, p. v.. La Porte co., Ind. : at the mouth 
of Trail er., on Lake Michigan, 12 ra. N. W. of Laporte, and 
137 m. N. by W, from Indian-ipolis. This is the only lake 
harbor in the State. It was first settled in 1^36. The Michi- 
gan Central E. E. passes through the v., 54 m. from Chicago, 
and 22S m. from Detroit It is the proposed terminus of a 
number of other railroads. There are a number of large 
warehouses situated on Trail creek, for the storage and ship- 
ment of wheat, and had the improvement of the harbor 
been contiimed as was contemplated, the great emporium 
of the northern trade of the State would have been here ; as 
it is, vessels can only be loaded by means of ligJiters, and in 
pleasant weather. Dry goods, groceiy, and provision stores 
are numerous, and there are also in the place several facto- 
ries and workshops. A branch of the State bank is situate 
here. The "Michigan City News" (whig) is published 
weekly. There is a light-house (fixed light) oo the beach, 
the lantern being 60 feet above the level of the sea. Pop. 
about 1.000. 

MicniGANTOWN, p. v., Clinton co., Ind. : 89 m. N. by W. 
Indianapolis, and 42 m. by the Michigan plank-road. 

MicniLiMACKiSAC countv, Mich. Situate E. on 3. eide of 
T'pper Peninsula, and contains about 1,260 sq. m. Drained 
by Pine and Carp rivers, and other small streams flowing 
into the straits of Mackinaw, its S. boundary. It embraces 
many islands, of which Mackinaw, Bois Blanc, and Great 
Beaver (settled by the Mormons) are chief. The main 
land is \isited mostly by fur traders ; the waters adj.accnt 
abound in fish, principally white fish and bass, and tho 
fisheries are very valuable. Pop. about 3,000. Co/n'tal: 
Mackinaw. 

MiDDBiDGE, p. o., Giles county, Temi.: 73 m. S. by W. 
Nashville. 

MinnLEBOROTTGn, t. and p. v., Plymoiitli co., Jl/'V-w. ; 37 m. 
S. S. E. Boston. Drained by Assawamset and Long Pond, 
together with several snialler ones, which discharge their 
waters into Taunton r.,afl'ordiug excellent hydraulic power. 
Surface in parls rocky ; soil varied. Iron ore is found in 
abundance. There are 2 forges, an air and cupola furnace, 
several mills, and a number of iiiamifactories in the t. The 
WUaffc is on the lioe of Uie Fall Eiver E. E., at the junction 
^ 471 



MID 



MID 



vnVi Cape Cod Branch K. U., 10 in. from Fall River, and has 
numerous m ami factor ii's. Top. of t. &,y;iG. 

MiDDLEHouRNK, p. V., Guurusey CO., Ohio: on Will's cr., 
84 m. E. Columbus. 

MiDDLEuouuNE, p. v., and cap, Tjier co., Virg.: on (he 
E. side of Middle Island cr., 230 ni. N. W. Uichmond. It 
contains Ihe court-house and a few dwellings. 

MiDi'Li: BuANcn, p. o., Stark county, Ohio: 104 m. N. E. 
Columbus. 

Middle Brook, p. t., Augusta co., Yirg.: on a fork of 
Shenandoah r., 102 m. W. N. W. Kichmond. 

MiDDLKunooK Mills, p. v., Montgomery co., Md. : on 
Seneca cr., 38 m. "W. N. VV. Annapolis. 

MiDDLEuUEG, p. V., Casey co., Ay. .• on Pino cr., 53 m. S. 
Frankfort 

MinPLEBuito, p. v., Carroll co., Md. : between Sam's and 
Big Pipe creeks, 2 m. from their junction, 13 m. W. of West- 
minster, 54 m. N. W. Annapolis. 

MiDDLEiiuRO, t, and p. v., Schoharie co., N. Y. : 31 m. 
"VV. by S. Albany. Drained by Catslcill er. and Schoharie 
liill, which afford excellent watL-r-jmwtT. Surface mu^veu; 
in parts hilly. Soil varied, in many places rich and pro- 
ductive. There are a number of mills and manufactories, 
besides several workshops, hero. The v. is on the E. sirle 
of Schoharie er., and has u number of mills and a furnace. 
Pop. of t. 2,96T. 

MiDDLEBL'RO, p. V., TJnion county, Penn, : on Middle cr., 
41 ni. N. by W. ITarrisburg. ' Beaver Furnace at this place 
has an annual capacity of 1,GOO tona. 

MiDDLEBUEG, p. V., Hardeman county, Tenn.: on the 
Memphis post-road, 144 m. W. S. W. Nashville. 

MiDDLEBURO, t, and p. o., Shiawassee co,, Midi. : 23 m. 
N. i E. Lansing. Drained by branches of Maple r. Surface 
rolling; soil fertile, adapted to grain. Pop. of L 132. 

MiDDLEBDUG, p. V., Loudou CO., VirQ. .' ou u tributary of 
the Potomac r., 99 m. K Uichmond. 

MiDDLF.BUEG, t. aud p. o., Cuyahoga co., Ohio: 113 m. 
N. N. E. Columbus. Drained by K. branch ofPioeky r. and 
Cuyahoga r. Surface level; soil very fertile, producing ex- 
cellent grain and grass. There are I\irnnces and several 
mills here. Berea is the name of a pleasant v. and station 
in the N. W. part of the t., on the line of the Cleveland, 
Columbus, and Cincinnati E. P., which passes through it 
12 m. S.W. Cleveland. Pop. of 1 1.490. 

MiDPLEBUEQ, p. o., Boone CO., Mo. : 29 m. N. by W. Jef- 
ferson City. 

MiDDLEBURG, p. v.,DuvaI CO,, Flor. : on Blacker., 152 m, 
E. by S. Tallahassee. 

MiuDLEuuRV, t. and p, v., New Haven co., Coini. : 27 m. 
S. W. Hartford. Drained by Hope Branch of Naugatuck 
r. and Quassepaug pond, outlet of which empties into the 
Housatonic r., furnishing excellent water-power. Surface 
very uneven ; in parts rocky; soil excclhmt for grazing and 
the growth of rye. Copper has been found near Quasse- 
paug pond. Incorporated in ISdT, and contains several 
mills and manufactories. The v. is situate centrally, and 
has several stores and workshops. Pop. of t. 703. 

MiDDLEBURY, p. v., Elkhart co., Tnd. : on the S. W. side 
of Little Elkhart r., 182 m. N. l>y E. Indianapolis. 

MiDDLEauRY, t. and p. v., Wyoming co., JV. }'; on the 
line of the Buffalo and New York City K. K., 43 ra. from 
Buffalo, and 229 m. W. Albany. Drained by branches of 
Genesee r. and Tonawanda cr. Surface uneven ; soil of 
fine quality, productive of grain or grass. It has excellent 
water-power, which propels several factories and mills. The 
V. contains a nmnbcr of stores, mills, and workshops. Pop. 
of 1. 1,799, 

Mtddlkbuby, p. v., Mercer co., Mo. : on Iho E. side of 
Muddy er., 145 ra. N. N. W. Jefferson City. 

MiPULEBURY, p. v., Summit co., Ohio: on Ih© Cleveland 
and Taunton post-road, lOSm. N. E. Columbus. 

MiDULEnuBY, t., p. v., and cap. Addison county, Verm. : 
8T ra. S. W. Montpelier. Drained by Otter cr. (whicli passes 
472 



through the W. part of t.) and Middlcbury r., affordinjf ex- 
cellent hydraulic power. Surface generally level, Chip- 
man's Hill, 440 feet above Otter er., being flic greatest 
elevation ; soil fertile and very productive. There arc a 
large number of manufactories and mills here in successful 
operation ; also a furnace and forge. The v. is pleasantly 
situate on the bank of Otter cr., at the falls, the llutland and 
Buriington li. R. passing through it 33 m. from Burlini;ton. 
There are some extensive manufactories and a large num- 
ber of tine dwellings, stores, and workshops in the ^ illngo. 
A large quarry of superior white and variegated marble is 
situated near the v., which is extensively wrought, H lathe 
seat of the Middlebury College, founded in ISO*), having (in 
1S50) a president, 6 jjrofessors, 877 ahmmi, of whom 397 were 
in the ministry, and 63 studentd, with a library of 6,000 
volumes. The college is built of stone, and is a fine struc- 
ture. The " Middlebury Register" (whig) is issued weekly. 
East Middlebury is the nanu; of a post-oflSce in Uie E. part 
of the town. Pop. of the t. 3,517. 

Mil>i)LKnuiiY river, Verm.: rises in Hancock t., in a hilly re- 
gion, anil flowing W. and N., through Gosihen and Middle- 
bury, empties into Otter cr. It is 14 m. in length, and 
affords several mill-scats. 

MiDDLEBL'sn, p. o., Somcrsct county, X. Jer. : 23 m. N. 
Trenton. 

MiDPLE Ceeek, p. o., Monroe county, Ohio: 101 m. E. 
Columbus. 

Middle Creek, t and p. o., Union co., Penn.: 28 m. N. 
Harrisburg. Drained by Middle cr., which flows into the 
Susquehanna r. Surface hilly; soil fertile. It has some 
manufactories, and several stores aud workshops. Pop. of 
the t. about 575. 

Middle Creek, p. v.. Wake co., K. Car, : on N. side of 
a cr. so called, 11 m. S. Raleigh. 

Middle Creek Mills, p. o., Boone co., Kij. : 50 m. N. 
Frankfort. 

Middle Fabiub, p. v., Scotland co., Mo.: on Middle 
Fabius cr., and on W. boundary of co., 127 m. N. Jefferson 
City. 

MiDDLEFiELT), t. and p. v., Hampshire co., Mum. : 9S m. 
W. Boston. Drained by several aflluents of the W. branch 
of Westfield r. Surface elevated and uneven ; soil well 
adapted to grazing. The Western R. R. passes through the 
v., 132 m. from Boston. The t. contains several manufac- 
tories. Pop. 1,737. 

MiDDLEFiELD, t. and p. v., Otsego co., N. Y. : C3 m. W. 
Albany. Drained by Cherry Valley cr.. and bounded on 
the W. by Otsego Lake and a branch of Susquehanna r., ila 
outlet. Surface uneven, in parts hilly ; soil fertile. ' Water- 
jiower is extensive. There are in the t. a large number of 
mills, and several manufactories and workshops. The v. is 
in N. part, and contains several stores, mills, and workshops. 
Pop. of t. S,131. 

■ MiDDLEFiELD, p. V., Gcauga county, Ohio: 141 m. N. E. 
Columbus. ■" : ' 

MiDDLEFiELD Centre, p. V., Otscgo CO., N". Y. .' on E. side 
of Otsego Lake, 63 m.W. Albany ; contains several mills. 

MiDDLEFORD, p. o., Susscx CO., Dd. : 36 m. S. by E. Dover. 

Middle Fork, p. o., Clinton co., Ind. : 46 m. N. by W. 
Hidianapolis. 

Middle Fork, p. o., Randolph co., Virg. : 159 m. N. W. 
Richmond. 

Middle Fork, p. o., Henderson co.,7bnn. ; 102 m.W. S.W. 
Nashville. 

Middle Fork, p. v., Macon co.. Mo,: between Middle 
Fork and East Chariton r., tributaries of the Missouri, 95 m. 
N. by W. Jefferson City. 

Middle Granvillk, p. v., Washington co., A^ 3'.; on 
line of the Rutland and Washington R. R., 61 m. N. N. E. 
Troy, and 07 m. N. N. E. Albany; contains a cotton factory 
and some mills. 

Middle Grove, p. o., Fulton co., lU. : on the Monmouth , 
post-road, 71 m. N. W. Springfield. 



MID 



MID 



Middle Gkove, p. o., riaratuga county, X. V. : 'ia m. N. 
Albany. 

Middle Grove, p. o., Monroe county, Mo.: 57 miles N. 
Jefferson City. 

Middle IIaddam, p. v., MklJlcscx co., Curin.: ou the 
Portland and East Iladdam post-road, near lUo K. bank of 
Connecticut r., 19 ra. S. by W. Ilartlord. 

Middle Hope, p. o., Orange co., y. Y. ; S7 m. 8. by W. 
Albany. 

Middle Island, p. v., Suffolk co., N. T.: 3 m. N. Long 
Island K. E., 1-29 m. S. E. Albany. 

Middle island, Jlich, : a small island in Lake Huron, 
about 1 m. K. of the N. E. part of Alpena county. 

Middle Island creek, Vi/y.: rises by two branches in 
the E. part of Dodridge co., flowsN.W. to Middlcbourne v., 
and from tht-nce S. W. to its confluence with the Ohio r., a 
short distance below Grape It-laud. 

Middle Lancastek, p. o., Butler county, Penn. : 174 m. 
■\V. N. W. Ilarrisburg. 

Middle Mills, p. o., Chippewa co., TT/a'c. ; 175 m. N. W. 
Madison. 

Middle MouNTArN', p. o., Botetourt co., Virg. : ou tlio W. 
border of tlie county, 145 m. W. Iticbmond. 

Middle Poet, p. v., and cap. Iroquois co.. III. : on S. 
side of the Iroquois r., 124 m. N. E. SpringSeKl ; contains 
the court-house, jail, and a few dwellings. The country 
round about is composed of fine meadow iand. 

MiDDLEPORT, p. v., Niagara co., Ji. Y. : on line of the 
liochcster, Lockport, and Niagara Falls li. li., 45 m. W. 
Rochester, 253 m. W. N. W. Albany. The Eric Canal also 
passes through it. The v. contains several stores, ware- 
houses, and mills. , 

MiDDLEPORT, p. v., Schuylkill co., Pe/ui.: 51 m. N. E. 
Harrisburg, and is chiefly inhabited by miners from the 
neighboring coal regions. 

Middle Kidoe, p. o., Newton county, Ga. : 54 m. N. W. 
Milledgeville. 

Middle Uivee, p. v., Franklua county, Ga.: 103 m. N. 
MiUcdgevillo. 

Middle Kivee, p. o., Allen county, Ohio: S3 m. N. W. 
Columbus. 

Middlesex county, Can7K Situate S. middle, and con- 
tains 342 sq. ra. Drained by small affluents of the Conni^c- 
licut, which flows S. tlirough it, and small streams emptying 
into Long Island Sound, its S. boundary. Surface generally 
uneven, but not rough ; soil mostly good — on the Connec- 
ticut very fertile. It raises good crops of com and potatoes, 
has some fine dairies, and shears considerable wool, but is 
better adapted for commerce and manufactures. The Con- 
necticut is here broad and deep, and the county has an 
extensive coasting trade, while the streams afford fine 
water-power, which is all employed. Cotton and woolen 
goo<l8, flour, paper, cordage, powder, carlhen-ware, and 
liquors ;are leading manufactures. Ship-building is also 
extensively carried on. The celebrated quarries of Portland 
etone are on the banks of the Connecticut, and a variety of 
feldspar, used to glaze porcelain, is abundant in their vicin- 
ity. Farms 2,018 ; manuf. 303; dwelk 5,3S2, and pop.— wh. 
80,397, fr. col. 2S3— total 30,6S(). O'piUtU: Mid<iletown and 
Haddam. PuhUc ys'orks: New Uaven and New London 
E. K.; MIddletown Branch K. il. 

Middlesex county, Jfiss. Situate N. E., and contains 
923 sq. m. ■ Drained by Merrimac, Charles, Mystic, Con- 
cord, and Nashua rivers, M'hicli supply an abundance of 
water-power, uiisurpassed by any in the Union. Surface 
uneven— in parts hilly. Soils various, with some excellent 
land. Corn and. potatoes are the farming staples. The 
dairies are fine, but attention is directed mainly to furnish- 
ing the cities wlth;fruits and vegetables. The absorbing 
interests arc commerce and manufactures, the former ct)n- 
flned to a few towns near Boston, the latter extending to 
every town in it, and embracing almost every imaginable 
article of utiUiy or luxury. Cotton and woolen goods of all 

M3 



kinds, carpets, de laincs, iron-ware, iron castings, and ni<i- 
ehinery of every descrijilion, are prominent uianufaclures. 
Farms 4.315; manuf. l.OSU; dwell. 23,450, and p«Ji..— wh. 
10iJ,G9i, Jr. cul. 0^9— total 1G1,3S3. Oipitals : Cambridge, 
Conconl, and Lowell. I'tddle Works: Middlesex Canal; 
IJ'i:?l<m and Lowell 11. K. ; Boston and Maine R. li. ; Bo^iun 
and Worcester K. U. ; Eastern K. R. ; Fitchburg II. U. ; 
Lowell and Lawrence E. K. ; Nashua and Lowell li. U. ; 
Salem and Lowell 11. K. ; Stony Brook K. K., etc. 

Middlesex county, iV. Jcr. Situate N. E., and contains 
2S4 sq. m. Drained by Karilan, Millstone, and lialiway 
rivi-rs. Surface gt-uerally even ; soils various — in parts 
sandy, and mostly under high cultivation. Com, wheat, 
rye, buckwheat, oats and potatoes, for the most part, pro- 
duce average crops, and nmch attention is paiil to gar^icns 
and orchards, the products of which are superior and very 
valuable. liaritan Bay on Ilic E.is a good harbor; Itarilan 
river is navigable through the co., and it is extensively en- 
gaged in fehip-buildiiig and commerce. Its manafaclurca 
arc very large and important, consisting of flour, leather, 
cotton goods, iron castings, cordage, glass, carriages, earthen- 
ware, canvas, paper, etc., etc. Farms 1,523; manuf. lOG; 
dwell. 4,(J57, and pop.— wh. 27,255, fr. col. 1,300, s!. 11— 
total 2S,{i35, Capital: Now Brunswick. Pnhlir. Works: 
Delaware and Karitan Canal ; Camden and iViuboy K. 11. ; 
New Jersey II. R., etc. 

Middlesex county, Ttrg. Situate E., and contains 106 
sq. m. It hos between the Rappahannock on the N. E., the 
Piankitank on the S. W., and Chesapeake P^ay on the E., 
and has few streams of any size. Surface level, or sligiiliy 
broken; soil of moderate fertility, but largely covered witli 
valuable timber. Corn is the chief crop: "Wheat is raised 
in parts. Wood and ship timber are exported. Farms 2S0 ; 
manuf. 14 ; dwell. 401, and pop.— wh. 1,903, fr. col. U9, si. 
2,:U2— total 4,394. Capital: Urbana. 

Middlesex, t. and p. v., Yates co., K. T.: I'^S m. "W. 
Albany. Bounded on the "W. by Canandaigua Laki-, and 
drained by West creek, which forms its outlet. ' Surface un- 
even—in parts hilly; soil fertile, well adapted to grains. 
There are some mills and manufactories in the t. Thi: v. is 
situate on West creek. " Pop. of t. 1,3S5. 

Middlesex, v. and fur.. Mercer co., Pewi. : on (lie Beaver 
and Erie Canal, 195 m. W. N. W. llarrisburg. There is a 
raw bituminous coal hot blast furnace here, with an annual 
capacity of 2,000 tons. 

MiPDLESEX, t. and p. v., Washington co.. Verm. : imme- 
diately W. of Montpelier. Drained by a branch of Onion 
river, which latter bounds it on the S. Surface uneven ; in 
parts mountainous ; soil in general fertile. , Along the banks 
ot the river it is rocky. A mountain, called '' I!ogl)ack," is 
situate near the N. W. boundary. There is some good lim- 
ber here. The v. is situate on Onion r., and on the line of 
the Vermont Central P. E., S3 m. N. by W. Windsor, and 
74 m. S. E. Rouse's Point. It contains a number of mills, 
and several stores and workshops. Pop. of 1. 1,305. 

Middlesex Village, p. v., Middlesex co., J/(/.s.s. .* at llie 
junction of the Middletiex Canal, on the Merrimac r., 27 m. 
N. W. from Boston. 

Middle TuiiEE river, la.: rises in Madison and Guthrie 
counties, and flows N. E. across Warren into I'oik Co., and 
empties into the Des Moines, near Dudley village. 

MiDDLETON, t. and p. v., Essex county, 'J/(/«s..' IG ni. N. 
Boston.^ Drained by Ipswich r., which divides it, and sev- 
eral small affluents. Surface varied, with a well cultivated 
soil. The t. contains several stores and an exti:'nsive iiaper 
manufactory.' The v. is on the line of Iho Essex (Jounty 
R. R., 9 m. from Salem, and contains several workshops. 
Pup. of t. 832. ■ , 

MiDDLETON. t. and p. v., SlraflTord co., K TTamp.: 37 m. 
N. E. Concord. Incorporated in 1773. Stirtiice, with the 
exception where Moose Mountain separates it from Brook- 
field, very level. There are no ponds or streams In Iho 
town. Pop. 470. 

473 



MID 



MID 



MiDDLEToN', p. T., CarroU co., MUs. : 83 m. N. Jackson. 
MiDDLETON, t. and p. o., Dane co., Wise. : immediately 
TV. of Madison. Drained by Blacfe Earth r, which flows 
into Wisconsin r. Surface rolling; soil fertile, and well 
adaptc'i to fruit- Pop. of t. 804. 

MinuLETOwN, t, p. city, port of entry, and one of the caps. 
Middlesex co., Conn. : 14 m. S. E. Hartford. Drained by sev- 
eral streams flowing into Connecticut r., which here bounds 
it on the E. Surface generally undulating; soil of average 
fertility. There are fine meadows in this t., and water- 
power is furnished by several streams, on which are seated 
extensive manufactures. A range of hills crosses the Con- 
necticut about 2 m. below the city, compressing the channel 
into a strait only 35 rods wide, and rising from 400 to 600 
feet above the river. Here occurs an inexhaustible deposit 
of feldspar, used in the manufacture of porcelain. That 
portion of the t. formerly known as Upper Middletown, 
has been recently erected into a separate t. under the name 
of Cromwell. There are silver and lead mines in the t, 
the silver ore yielding about 5S per cent, of metal, and the 
lead 84 per cent. The works are extensive and very valu- 
able. 

The city is situate on ground gently rising from the river, 
here from 80 to 100 rods wide. Lat 41° a3' OS" N., and long. 
72° 89' W. The streets are laid out at right angles with 
each other, the main street running parallel with the water, 
and on this are the principal stores, hotels, the Court House, 
Custom House, and other buildings. The more elevated 
portions of the city, west of the main street, are adorned 
with many elegant mansions. Several of the public edifices 
are of beautiful construction. The buildings of Wesleyan 
University, situate here, are also handsome structures. 

Middletown is a busy commercial town and a port of 
entry. The wharves are commodious, and the river suffi- 
ciently deep to admit of any vessels that can pass the bar at 
its mouth. Foreign shipping seldom arrives here, but it has 
a comparatively extensive coasting trade ; and the shipping 
o^^-nt■d in tlie district in 1S50, amounted to 12,1*29 tons, 
chiefly employed in coasting, and of which 1,940 tons were 
navigated by steam. The shipping built in the district in 
the year above named amounted to 1,831 tons. The New 
York and Hartford steamboats call here daily, and there is 
a branch railroad connecting it with Hartford. Middletown 
will also be intersected by the New York and Boston direct 
line of railroad now being constructed. The "Wesleyan Uni- 
versity was founded in 1S31, and has a president and 7 pro- 
fessors, and in 1850 its alumni numbered 402 and its students 
116. The library contains about 12,000 volumes. The in- 
stitution has also a valuable philosophical apparatus. Tliere 
are also several academies in the city and numerous public 
schools. The newspapers published here are, the *' Senti- 
nel" (dem.), the '• Constitution" (whig), and the " Weekly 
News." There are 3 commercial banks in the city and 
a savings institution. Pop. of t. in 1820, 6,479; in 1830, 
6,892 ; in 1840, 7,010 ; and in 1850, 8,T91, about one-half re- 
siding in the city, 

Middletown, p. v., Livingston co., Mic7i. : 81 m. S. E. 
Lansing. 

Mii'DLETowN, p. v.. New Castle co., Del. : near Appo- 
quinimink cr., 23 m. N. i W. Dover. 

Middletown, p. v., Logan co., JU. : on the border of a 
prairie, 20 m. N. E. Springfield. 

Middletown, p. v., Henry co., Ind. : 39 m. N. E. by E. 
Indianapolis. 

MiDDLETOwy, p. v., Jefferson 'county, Kij, : 86 m. W. 
Frankfurt, and 12 m. E. Louisville. 

Middletown, p. v., Frederick co., 3f<f. : on the E. side 
of Catoclin cr., on the Hagerstown turnpike, 9 m. W. of 
Frederick City, and 83 m. N. W. of Annapolis. Middle cr. 
joins Catoclin r. N. of the village. 

Middletown, p. o., Montgomery CO., Jfo. : 56 m. N. E. 
Jetferson City. 

Middletown, t and p. v., Monmouth co., 2^. Jer. ; 31 m. , 
474 



N. E. Trenton. Bounded on the N. by Earitan and Sandy 
Hook bays, on the E. by the Atlantic Ocean, on the S. by 
Navesink and Swimming rivers, and on the W. by branches 
of the latter. Drained by branches of Navesink and Swim- 
ming rivers, and a number of small streams flowing into the 
bays, afllbrding in all excellent water-power. Surface varied 
— in the centre and E. part hilly or mountainous, the re- 
mainder even ; soil very fertile and productive. In the N. 
part of the t., adjoining the ocean, are the Highlands of Na- 
vesink, in height some 350 to 400 feet, on which are 2 lights, 

1 revolving and 1 fixed. Lat. 40O23' 40" and long, "i-'fi ty'f 42" 
Sandy Hook, a sandy beach, extends N. from Shrewsbury 
inlet, and S. point of the Highlands, and is from one-half to 
a mile in indth ; and on the N. part there is a fixed light and 

2 beacons, the hght 90 feet above the sea. Lat. 40° 27' 37", 
long. 740 00' 42". There are a number of villages in the L 
The V. of Middletown is in the centre, in the hilly part, and 
contains several stores and dwellings, and a number of 
workshops. There t. has several mills and manufactories, 
and a number of distilleries. The "Democratic Banner" 
(dem.) is the name of a weekly issue. Pop. of t 3,245, 

MroDLETowN, p. v., Des Moines co., la. : 63 m. S. by E. 
Iowa City. 

Middletown, p. v.. Orange Co., iV. T. : on line of the 
Erie Pv. K., 77 m. N. W. New York, 89 m. S. S. W. Albany. 
This is a beautiful and flourishing v., and contains several 
workshops, etc. 

Middletown, p. v., Hyde county, 27^ Car. : on Pamlico 
Sound, 151 m. E. by S. Raleigh. 

Middletown, p. v., Butler co., Ohio: on the E. side of 
Miami r., on the Miami Canal, 41 m. N. Cincinnati, and 71 
m. W. S. W. Columbus. A bridge across the river connects 
the V. with the Cincinnati, Hamilton, and Da>-ton R. K., 23 
ra. S. by W. Dayton. It contains several stores and manu- 
factories, and 1,092 inhabitants. 

Middletown, p. b., Dauphin co., Penn. : on the E. bank 
of the Susquehanna r., above the confluence of Swatara cr., 
10 m. S. E. by E. Harrisburg. The Middletown furnaces at 
this place have an annual capacity of 2,150 tons. The Har- 
risburg and Lancaster E. E. passes through the v., and the 
Union Canal here enters the Susquehanna river, 

Middletown, t and p. v., Eutland co., Vefm. : between 
two mountains, 10 m. S. by W. Rutland. Drained by Poult- 
ney r., a branch of Carleton r. Surface uneven, in parts 
mountainous; soil best adapted to grazing. It has several 
saw-mills, etc. The v. is pk-asanlly situate in the valley of 
the mountains, and has a marble manufactory. Population 
of t S75. 

Middletown, p. v., Frederick co., Virg.: on Meadow 
Eun, a fork of the Shenandoah r., 131 m. K. N. W. Rich- 
mond. The V. has excellent water-power, and contains 
several mills and workshops, together with a wagon manu- 
factory. Pop. about 450. 

Middletown Centbe, p. o., Delaware CO., K. K : 57 m. 
S. W, Albany. 

Middletown Point, p. v. and port of delivery, Mon- 
mouth CO., K. Jer. : on E. bank of Middletown cr., 29 m. 
N. E. Trenton. The v. is pleasantly situate on an elevation 
of some 60 feet from the water. It is a flourishing v., with 
some fine stores and dwellings, and considerable trade. 
The Farmers' and Mechanics' Bank is situate here. Cap- 
ital $50,000 

Middle Village, p. o., Queens co., ^ T.: 129 m. S. 
Albany. 

Middlevtlle, p. T., Barry co., Mich.: on W. fork of 
Grand Haven r., 49 m. W. Lansing. 

MiDDLEviLLE, p, 0., Sussex couDty, N.Jer.: 61 m. N. 
Trenton. 

MiDDLEViLLE, p. T., Hcrkimer co., N'.T.: on West Can- 
ada cr., 71 m. N. W. Albany. It contains several stores, 
mills, and manufactories, among the latter is an extensive 
chair and cabinet factory. 

MiDDLEWAT, p. v., Jeffcrson co., Yirg. : 127 m. N. by W- 



MID 



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Eichmond. The "Winchester and Potomac E. K. passes 
near the village. 

Midland county, Mich. Situate E. at head of Saginaw 
Bay. and contains 722 sq. m. Drained by Titlibawassee r. 
and its branches, Salt, Pine, and Chippewa rivers. Surface 
undiilatina; ; soil well adapted to grass and grain. In the 
U. and S. E. are dense forests of Norway and white pine 
timber, which are very valuable, and the county contains 
abundance of gypsum and excellent salt springs. It is 
thinly settled yet. Farms 4; manuf. 0; dwell. 10, and pop. 
— wh. W, fr. col. 1— total 65. Capital: Midland. 

Midland, p. v., Charlotte eo., Virg. : on the E. side of 
Staunton r., 73 m. S. "W. by "W. Richmond. 

MiDTiLLE, p. T., Burke co., Ga. : on the N. side Ogeechee 
r., 75 m. E. S. E. Milledgeville, on the line of the Central 
E. R., 94 m. from Savannah, and 91 m. from Macon. 

Midway, p. o., Giles county, Virg. : 174 m. W. by 8. 
Eicbmond. 

Midway, p. v., Barbour co., Ala. : on a fork of Pea r., 
40 m. E. S. E. Montgomery. 

Midway, p. c, Fulton county, Ilf. : 5S miles N. "W. 
Springfield. 

Midway, p. v., Spencer co., Ind. : on the E. side of Little 
Pigeon cr., 133 m. S. S. W. Indianapolis. 

Midway, p. v., Woodford co.. Ay. ; on the line of the 
Lexinglon and Frankfort R. R., 15 m. E. Frankf->rt. 

Midway, p. o., Madison co., 3fm. : 23 m. N. Jackson. 

Midway, p. t., Cooper co., Jfo.: on the Boonville and 
Jefferson City post-road, 26 m. N. "W. Jefferson City. 

Midway, p. t., Davidson co., y. Car. : S5 m. W. by N. 
Ealeigh. 

Midway, p. v., Bamwel! dist., S. Car. : on the line of the 
South Carolina E. E., 72 m. from Charleston., 54 m. S. 
Columbia. 

Midway, p. o., Newton county, Tex.: 139 m. E. by N. 
Austin City. 

Midway, p. o., Hot Springs coimty, Arl-. : 47 m. S. "W. 
Little Rock, 

Midway, p. v., Monroe co., Tenn.: 131 m. E. S. E. 
Nashville. 

JiiDWAY Junction', p. v., Prince Edward co., Virg. : on 
the Prince Edward and Marysville post-road, 65 m. 3. "W. 
Eichmond. 

Mrait, p. 0., Grant co., Tnd. : 5S m. N. by E. Indianapolis. 

MiEE, p. v., Wabash co., Ill .- 132 m. S. E. Springfield. 

MiKR, p, o., Madison county, 3fi^souri: 125 m. S. E. 
Jefferson City. 

Mifflin county, Peim. Sihiate centrally, and contains 
223 sq. m. Drained by the Juniata and its branches. Sur- 
face uneven, and much broken. Soil, except in the most 
rugged parts, very rich. Wheat, rye, com, and oats pro- 
duce fine crops, and the shearings of wool are heavj-, and 
dairies large. It has excellent mill streams, and manufac- 
tures woolen goods extensively. Iron ore is abundant, and 
the manufacture of iron is the leading interest of the county. 
Farms 787; manuf. 102; dwell. 2,591, and pop.— wh. 
14.5T0, fr. col. 41(>— total 14,9S0. Capital: Lemstown. 
Fuhlic Wm^ks: Pennsylvania Canal ; Pennsylvania E. E. 

Mtffxin, t. and p. o., A.shland co., Ohio: 62 m. N. N. E. 
Columbus. Drained in the W. by Black Fork of Wal- 
honding r. ; soil fertile and well cultivated. Pop. S9I. 

Mifflin, t. and p. v., Iowa co., TI7.so. .' 52 m. W. by S. 
Madison. Drained by branches of Picannica r. Surface 
various; soil fertile, with good woodlands. The v. is situate 
in the S. part of the town, and will be intcrsecte*! by the 
Milwaukie and Mississippi Railroad as projected. PopiUa- 
tion of t. 640. 

MiFFiiN, p. v., Crawford co., Ind.: 102 m. S. by W. 
Indianapolis. 

Mifflin, p. v., Henderson co., Tenn.: lOT m. W. S. W. 
Nashville. 

MiFFLiNBintG, p. b,, Union co.. Pei}7).: on the S. side of 
Buffalo cr., 4S m, N. by W. Ilarrisburg. Incorporated m 



1327; has several manufactories, a number of stores au'i 
workshops, 145 dwellings, and 783 inhabitants. 

MiFFUNTOWN, p. b., and cap. Juniata co., Pemi.: on tlic 
N. bank of the Juniata r„ S4 m. N. W. Harrisburg. The 
Pennsylvania Canal passes through the borough. It has a 
numl>er of dwellings, several stores, and workshops. Tlio 
"Juniata Regislf-r,*' and "Juniata Sentinel'' (whig), are 
weekly issues. Pop. 4S5. 

MiFFLiN^TLLE, p. V., Columbia co., Penn. : on the S side 
of the Susquehanna r., 57 m. N. N. E. Harrisburg. 

Milam county, T&e. Situate E, centrally, and contains 
1,243 sq. m. Drained by Little r., a branch of the Brazos, 
its E. boundary, and its branches Indian, Elm^ and Brushy 
creeks, and San Gabriel r. Surface undidaling or level, a 
large part open prairie, but with a plenty of timber in every 
part. Soil mostly very fertile, producing great crops of col- 
ton, corn, Irish and sweet potatoes, and admirably adapted 
to grain-growing and grazing. Indigo grftws s))ontaneousIy 
in great abundance. It is rich in minerals, and has val- 
uable stone quarries, millstone grit, and numerous salt 
springs. Farms 152 : manuf. 1 ; dwell. 414, and pop.— wh. 
2.469, fr. col. 2. si. 436— total 2.903. Capilnl : Cameron. 

Milam, p. v., and cap. Sabine co., Tex.: on the Old 
Military R«)ad, 247 m. N. E. Austin City. 

Milan, p. v., Eipley county, Ind. : 65 miles S. E. 
Indianapolis. 

Milan, t and p. o., Monroe co., Wch.: 47 m. S. E. 
Lansing. Drained by N. branch of Macon r. Surface un- 
dulating; soil fertile, adapted to grain. It contains a num- 
ber of mills and manufactories, and several workshops. Pop, 
of t 642. 

MiL,VN, p. v., and cap. Sullivan co., Mo. : on the E. fork 
of Locust cr., 124 m. N. N. W. Jefferson City. The U. S. 
Land OflBce for the Milan district is here. 

Milan, t. and p. v., Coos co., A^ Bamp.: 91 m. N. ^ E. 
Concord. Drained by the Androscoggin r. and S. branch 
of Upper Ammon'Xisuc r. Surface uneven; in N. E. and 
S. W. mountainous; soil adapted to grazing. Here are 
some mills and manufactories. Chartered in 1771. The v. is 
situate centrally on the line of the Atlantic and St. Lawrence 
R. R., 104 m. N. W. Portland (Me.), 19 m. E. Northumber- 
land. It contains several stores and workshops. Popula- 
tion of t 493. 

Milan, t. and p. v., Duchess co., N'. T. : 40 m. S. 
Albany. Drained by several creeks flowing into the Hud- 
son r. Surface uneven, and parts hilly ; soi! clay loam. It 
contains the v., situate centrally, and has some stores, seve- 
ral mills and mauufaclories, and a number of workshops. 
Pop. of t 1,7(>4. 

MiLAN^, t. and p. v., Erie county, Ohio: 93 m. N. by E. 
Columbus. Drained by Huron r. and its branches. Surface 
hilly; soil fertile and productive. The v. on the S, bank of 
the river is pleasantly located on a bluff some 70 feet above 
the water, on the site of an old Indian town. It is connected 
with Huron harbor 8 m. by a ship canal, by which vessels 
pass up to the village. It is a flourishing village, and con- 
tains churches, an academy, a number of stores, several 
mills, and various mechanic shops. The t. has in it a num- 
ber of schools. The " Milan Tribune*' (whig) is issued week- 
ly. Pop. of t. 2,697. 

Milan, p. o., Bradford county, Perm. : 118 ra. N. 
Harrisburg. 

MiLBCBG, p. o., Greenville dist., JS. Car. : 9S m. N. W. 
Columbia. 

MiLESBTTEG, p. V., Centre co., Penn. : in an extensive coal 
region, on S.side of Bald Eagle cr.. 67 m.N.W. Harrisburg. 
The country round about is mountainous. There are in the 
village a cold blast furnace of 1,100 tons annual capacity, 2 
charcoal forges, producing 450 tons blooms each, and 2 
roUing mills, producing 600 tons each annually. 

MiLESTOWN, p. v., St. Mary's co., Md. : E. of Wicomico r., 
and 41 m. S. by W. Ann.-ipolis. 

MiLESTOWN, p. v., Philadelphia coimty, Pain.: on an 

475 



MIL 



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clovalinn, SO miles E. by S. Hnrrisburg, and 9 mUes N. 
riiiladelpbia. 

MiLTOED, 1. and p. v., New Haven CO., Conn. : 43 m. 
S. S. W. Hartford. Bovmdcd on the S. by Long Island 
Sound, and in the W. by tlie Housatonic r. Drained by 
"Wepawaus river and several small creeks flowing into the 
Sound. Surface undulating; soil fertile; and there is a 
quarry of beautiful serpentine marble in tlic lown. It has 
a Une harbor for vessels of from 150 to 200 tons burden. 
Many of the inhabitants are engaged in the oyster and 
clam trade and in coasting. The Washington bridge 
crosses the Housatonic r. near Milford Point to Stratford, at 
which place there is a draw to admit vessels The v. is very 
pleasantly situate at the mouth of Wcpawaug r. at the head 
of the harbor, on line of the New York and New Haven 
K. R., 10 m. from New Haven. There are in tlie t. several 
stores and mills, together with a number of manufactories. 
Pop. of t, 2,465. 

MiLFonD, t. and p. t., Jefferson co., TTi'sc. .• 27 m. E. 
Madison. Drained by Beaver dam branch of Eock river. 
Surface varied ; soil fertile, with good timber lands. The v. 
is situate on Eock r., and contains several stores and dwell- 
ings. Pop. of t. 728 

MiLFoED, p. V. and bund., Kent CO., Del. : on N. bank of 
MispiUion cr., 16 ra. S. Dover. There are in the hund. nu- 
merous stores, sever.al mills, manufactories, and workshops. 
Area, 47,500 sq. m. The "Milford Beacon" is issued weekly. 
Pop. 2,529. 

MiLFoBD, p. T., Hunterdon Co., W. Jer. : on the E. bank 
of the Delaware r., 29 m. N.W. Trenton. 

MrLFor.D, p. v., Iroquois co.. III. : on the N. side of Sug.ar 
creek, 113 m. N. E. Springfleld. The v. is surrounded by 
excellent prairie land. 

MiLroF.D, p. v., Kosciusko county, Tnil. : 115 m. N. 
Indianapolis. There is a railroad in course of coustmc- 
tion from Peru to Goshen, which will pass through the 
village. 

Mllfoed, t. and p. v., Penobscot co., Me. : 76 m. N. E. 
Augusta, on the E. side of the Penobscot r., by which and 
the Sunkhaze r. the t. is drained. Orono lies on the opposite 
side of the river. Pop. 687. 

MiLFOKD, t, and p. v., Worcester co., JTitss. : 29 m. S. W. 
Boston. Drained by branches of Pawtucket and Charles 
rivers, which afford excellent hydraulic power. Surface 
pleasantly diversified ; soil fertile and well cultivated. There 
are a number of mills and several manufactories of vari.nis 
kinds in successful operation here. The v. is very pleas- 
antly situate' on the borders of a pond in centre of t The 
Milford Branch E. E. connects the v. with Farraington, 13 
m. distant, where it. forms a junction with the Boston and 
■Worcester E. R. There are a number of line dwellings, 
some stores, and several workshops in the village. The 
" Practical Christian" is the name of a semi-monthly issue. 
Pop. of the t. 4,819. 

MiLFOBD, p. v., Caroline Co., Vifg. : on the Richmond, 
Fredericksburg, and Potomac E. R., 33 m. from Eieb- 
mond. 

MllFORD, L and p. v., Oakland co., Mu-h. : 49 m. E. by S. 
Lansing. Drained by br.anchcs of Huron r. Surface undu- 
lating ; soil very fertile, and produces grain. The village is 
on a branch of Huron r., and has several neat dwellings. 
Pop/of t.'l,470. 

MiLFOED, p, v., Bracken county, JC;/. : on a branch of 
Licking r., 68 rh. N.TE. by E. Frankfort. 

Milford, t. and p. v., Hillsborough co., K ITamp. : 29 m. 
S. i E. Concord. Souhegan river divides the t., running 
through the N. part, by which and its brandies it is 
drained, and produces excellent water-power. Surface un- 
dulating ; soil rich. The t. is' on theWilton R. E., 4 m. 
from Wilton. The I. has considerable manufactures. Pop. 
of t 2,189. 

MiLFOED, t. and p. T., Otsego CO., K T. : 67 m.W. Albany. 
Drained by Susquehanna r. and its branches Surface very 
476 ' 



uneven — in parta much broken: soil strong nob loam, and 
verj- fertile. The v. is pleasantly situate on a level plain 
near the Susquehanna r., and contains several stores, mills, 
and tanneries. Pop. of t. 2,227. 

MiLFoai), p. v., Clermont co., Ohio: on the E. side of the 
Little Miami r., 81 m. S. W. Columbus, and connected by a 
bridge with the station on the Little Miami E. R., on the 
W. side of the river, 14 m. fi-om Cincinnati. Population 
about 600. 

Milford, t, p. v., and cap. Pike county, Peiw. : 129 m 
N.E. Harrisburg. Drained by several small lakes, empty- 
ing into the Delaware r., which bounds the town on the 
S. E. Surface mountainous and much broken ; s*>il infe- 
rior, except along the banks of the river, where it is good. 
The village, on the W. bank of the Delaware, is very 
pleasantly situated on an elevation, at which point a sub- 
stantial bridge affords communication with the opposite 
shore. Pop. 858. 

Milford, p. v., Greenville district, S. Car. ; on a fork of 
Congaree r., 94 m. N. W. Columbia. 

Milford Centre, p. v.. Union co., Ohio : on S. side of 
Big Darby cr., 81 m. N. W. by W. Columbus. Pop. 211. 

MiLFORDTON, p. o., Knox CO., Ohio : 28 m. N. E. by N. 
Columbus. 

Military Boitntt Tract, HI. : the region generally de- 
nominated the Military Bounty Tract, was survcycil during 
the years 1S15 and 1S16, and the greater part subsequently 
appropriated in bounties to the soldiers of the regular army, 
who served in the late war between the United States and 
Great Britain. It is situated between the rivers Mis-sissiitiii 
and Illinois, and extends from their junction due north by a 
meridian line, denominated the fourth princip.il meridian, 
1G9 miles, presenting an irregular, curvilinear triangle, the 
acute angle of which is at the junction of these two rivers. 
From this point the two rivers diverge, so as to make a 
distance of 90 miles between the extreme points of the 
northern boundary. Half way between the extremes the 
width is 64 miles. The base line mnning due east and 
west, and commencing- just above Quincy, on the Missis- 
sippi, and terminating at the Illinois, a little below Beards- 
town, intersects the fourth principal meridian at right angles 
above the junction of the Mississippi and lllimtis rivers. 
The whole tract, according to the public survcjs, contains 
207 entire townships, of six miles square, and 61 fractional 
townships— altogether 8,360,000 acres, of which 8,500.000 
have been appropriated in military bounties. This tract of 
country lies between 38° 54' and 41° 40' of north latitude, 
and 13° west longitude from Washington City, and bounded 
on the south-west for 255 miles by the Mississippi river, and 
for about the same distance on the south-east by the Illinois. 
Thus do these two great rivers in their diverging course, 
with Rock river approximating from the north, form a spa- 
cious peninsula, furnishing a border to the bounty lands by 
a sheet of navig.ible waters for steamboats more than .5t)0 
miles in extent, leaving no part of the tract more than 43 
miles, and the greater part not exceeding 20 miles from 
steamboat navigation. The water communication now com- 
pleted between the Mississippi and the lakes, by means of 
the Illinois and Chicago Canal, greatly increases the value 
of the bounty lands, by affording a choice of markets for 
their products, either at Chicago, Detroit, Buffalo, New 
York, Montreal, or Quebec, by way ot the Illinois Canal 
and the lakes, or by the natural channels of the rivers south, 
at St. Louis and New Orleans. In the interior of the tract, 
traversing it in various directions, are several rivers and 
creeks of less consequence, in a commercial point of view, 
but nevertheless of great utility to tho settlements in their 
vicinity. Of tliese, Spoon, Henderson, Edwards, and Pope's 
rivers, and Crooked, Kickapoo or Red Bud, Copperas, Ot- 
ter, M'Kce's, M'Craney's, Hadlcy's Mill, and Bear creeks, 
are the most considcr.able. About two-thirds of this tract is 
timbered, and the other third is mostly prairie of good 
quality. It has become cousiJerably settled, and yearly 



MIL 



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!\lrnishe3 considclrtible amounts nf products for eximrt. 
Com, wheat, barley, hemp, and polatoes, are tlie principal 
productiona.— (7((ri'-/s.s' We.^tern I'oft/'altiire, 1S52. 

MrLiTAEf Gkove, p. o., M'Dowell co., 2i. Car.: ISS m.W. 
Ealeigli. 

Military Instititte, p. o., Franlclin co., Ay. ; at Drennon 
Springs, U ni. W. Kentutky r., 20 m. N. Frankfort. Tlie 
annual session of this college commences llie second Mon- 
day in Se])tomber, and the second term of Uie session on 
Uie first Monday in February of each year. Its course of 
studies embraces tlie scientific course of the United States 
Military Academy at "West Point, and thorough instruction 
in history, international and constitutional law. the Greek 
and Latin languages, and civil engineering. Great facili- 
ties are also offered for the study of the modem European 
languages. A flourishing law school is connected with the 
institute, and affords great advantages to the students. Tlio 
military feature introduced is not merely for the purpose of 
diffusing military knowledge, but as the means of exercising 
complete control, and of securing to the student the personal 
advantages of a uniform and economical distribution of 
time, habits of punctuality, health, physical development, 
and a consequent increase of mental vigor. The location 
of the Institute is very healthy, and is removed from the 
allurements, the vices, and the dissipations usually incident 
to college life. Situated on the Kentucky river, it may be 
reached by steamboat tVom Louisville or Cincinnati, or by 
railroad from Louisville to Eminence, on the Louisville and 
Frankfort road, and thence by stage to Drennon. a distance 
of 1*2 miles. Institute charges fur tuition, boarding, lodging, 
fuel, lights, washing, servants' attendance, and use of furni- 
ture and arms, $S0 per term. Surgeon's fee. ^5 per session. 
Charges in the law school for the above and use of text- 
books, $160 per term ; each term commencing and ending 
■with the serai-annual session of the Institute. 

Military Road, p. o., Jefferson co., N'. Y. : 151 m. N. W. 
Alt) any. 

Mn.TTAnT SpnrsGS, p. o., Fayette county, Akt. : 133 m. 
N. W. Montgomery. 

MiLLAN. p. o., Pike CO., J/7ss. ; 73 m. 9. Jackson. 

Millard county, Vtch Tei\ Situate S. "W., and contains 
about 20.000 sq. m. The S. line is the parallel of SS^ 30'; 
tlif E. the meridian of 34*^ 40' W. from Washington, and 
the W. the California State line. It is about 60 m. wide, and 
embraces a great variety of surface, soil, and climate, of 
which little is known dL-finitely. In the W. are several 
large lakes and rivers, of which "Walker r. and lake, and 
Carson r. and lake are the largest, and in the E. is Nicollet 
r.. flowing N. into Nicollet lake. Several mountain chains 
intersect it, and the surface is mostly elevated. On the E. 
border is a high ridge, on which, at an elevation of 4,790 
feet above sea level, and in lat. 38° 53' 40", is Fillmore City, 
the cap. of the co. and territory. The co. was a part of San 
Tele in ISoO. 

MrLLARD, p. 0., "Walworth county, Wise. : 53 m. S. E. 
Madison. 

MiLLARPSvTLLK, p. V., Susquchanna Co., Penn.: 127 m. 
N. N. E. Ilarrisburg. 

Mux Ark, p. o., Fulton county, Ind, : 53 miles N. 
Indianapolis. 

MfLLTtArn, p. 0., Lebanon county, Penn. : 23 m. E. N. E. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Mtll Bayou, p. v., Mississippi co., Arl:: 133 m. N. E. 
Little Rock. 

Mill Bend, p. o., Hawkins co., Tenn.: 216 m. "W. by N. 
Nashville, ■ 

MiLLBORouGn Sprinos, p. v., Bath county, V7f'ff. : 123 m. 
"W. X. W. Richmond, on the line of the Yirginia Central 
Riiilroad. 

MiLLnuTDGE, t. and p. c, Washington co., Sff.: 9S m. 
E. by N. Augusta. Drained by Naragnagus river, whicli 
divides it. It contains Naragnagus bay. which sets up from 
the sea, and the p. o. so called is on the E. side of the r., 



in N. part. Coasting trade and fishery is the chief occupa- 
tion uf the inhabitants. Pop. of 1. 1,170. 

Mill Brook, p. o., Litchfield co., Cmm. : 26 m. W. N. "W. 
nartf..rd. 

Mill Brook, p. o., "Warren co., X. Jer. : 47 m. N. by "W. 
Trenton. 

SIiLL Brook, p. v., "Wayne county, Ohio : 71 m. N. E. 
Columbus. It contains several stores and dwellings, and 
some m,echanic shops. 

Mill Brook, p. o., "Warren co,, N. Y. : 63 m. N. Albany. 

MiLLiu'RN, p. v., Ballard county, Kij. : 246 m. "W. S. "W. 
Frankfort. The contemplated line of the Mobile auil Ohio 
K. R. passes through this village. 

MiLLBtiRN, p. v., Lake co.. Ill,: on Mill creek, 105 m. 
N. N. "W. Springfield. 

MiLLnrBY, t. and p. v., Worcester county, 3fass. : 87 m. 
W. S. W. Boston. The t is divided by tlio Blackstone r., 
by which and its branches it is drained, affording valuable 
water-power. Surface uneven, in parts hilly ; soil of good 
quality and very productive. There are extensive manu- 
factories and a large number of mills and workshops in 
the toWTL Incorporated in 1^13. The Blackstone Canal 
passes through the town, The village is on the line of 
the Providence and Worcester R. R., 6 m. S. Worcester, 
and contains several churches, an academy, some fine 
dwellings and stores, a number of mills, and several work- 
shops. The Millbury Bank is situate in the village. Popu- 
lation of the town 3,031. 

Mill Creek, p. o., Pulaski county, TU. : 173 m. S. by E. 
Springfield. 

Mill Creek, p. v., Ripley co., Jfo. : on the W. side of 
Current river, at the confluence of Mill cr., 153 m. S. S. E. 
Jefferson City. 

Mill Creek, p. o.. Person co., 2^. Car. : 5D m. N. N. W. 
Raleigh, 

Mill Creek, p. o., Carroll county, /ly. .■ 35 m. N. by W. 
Frankfort. 

Mill Creek, p. o., Kent county, Mich. : 63 m. W. by N. 
Lansing. 

Mill Creek, p. v., Tluntingdon co.yPen}i.: N. side of 
the Juniata r., and on the line of the Eastern Division of the 
Pennsylvania R. R., 92 m. W. Ilarrisburg. The c»>untry 
round about is mountainous and abounds in iron. There 
is in the v, a hot-blast furnace of 1,000 tons, and a cold-blast 
furnace of 1,400 tons annual capacity. 

Mill Creek, fur., "N'enango co., Penn. The furnace located 
here has .^n annual capacity of 1,000 tons. 

Mill Creek, p. o., Fulton eo., Ohia: 132 m. N. W. by N. 
Columbus. \ 

Mill Creek, hund., New Castle co., Dd. : between Re<l 
and White Clay creeks, 37 in. N. by W. Dover. Area 
27,760 square miles. Pop. 3.522. 

Mill Creek, p. o., Berkeley co., Tirg. : 130 m. N. by W. 
Richmond. 

Mill Creek, p. o., Sabine par., La. : 147 ra. N. W. Eaton 
Rouge. 

Mill Creek, Iml. : rises in S. W. part of ITenry co., flows 
S. through N. W. part of Morgan and S. E. part of Putnam 
into Owen, where it takes a sudden bend, and returning 
into Putnam in a N. W. direction, flows into Eel r., a turk 
of White river. 

Mii.LDALE, p. v., Warren co., Miss. : 4 in. E. of Tazoo r., 
and 36 m. W. byN. Jackson, 

MiLLDALE, p. 0., Dcflance county, Ohio: 12S m. N. W. 
Columb\is. 

MiLLDALE, p. o., Warren county, Virg. : 107 m. N. N. W. 
Richmond. 

Mill Dam, p. o., Madison county. Mo. : l~0 m. S. E. 
Jefferson City. 

MiLLKDGViLLE, p. cltv, and cap. Baldwin co., Ga. : and 

capital of the State : at the head of navig.ition of Oconee r, 

and at the confluence of Fishing cr, in lat. SS^ V 20" N., 

and long. SS^ 19' 45" W.— 642 m. S. W. Washington. The 

^ 477 



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MIL 



city is built on an elevated arnJ somewhat uneven site in the 
raicist of a rich and populous cotton-growing region, and is 
the centre of a considerable commerce. It is laid out regu- 
larly, having ten streets running parallel with the river, and 
ten others intersecting them at right angles, all of which are 
100 feet wide, except Washington Street, which is 120 feet. 
There are three pubhc squares, named respectively, State- 
House Square, Governor's Square, and Penitentiary Square, 
the sides of each of which are 450 feet long. State-House 
Square is near the centre of the eity, and on elevated ground, 
and on this is built the State House, a fine Gothic edifice, 
surmounted by a cupola, and containing in its halls portraits 
of Gen. Oglethorpe and other eminent men of olden times. 
The building cost about $120,000. On this square are also 
the State arsenal and a powder magazine. Other prominent 
buildings are the penitentiary and the governor's house, 
which give names to two of the squares, a market-house, 4 
or 5 churches, etc. Five' periodicals are published here ; 
the "Federal Union"" (whig), the "Southern Presbyterian'* 
(relig.), and the "Southern Recorder," all weekly issues; 
and the " Star of Truth" (literary), and the " Gem" (literary), 
monthly issues. The Milledgeville and Gordon R. R. ex- 
tends hence 17 m. to a connection with the Georgia Central 
R. R. at Gordon, 170 m. from Savannah, and 11 from Macon- 
A railroad is also completed to Eatonton. The Oconee r. 
is here spanned by a toll-bridge. Milledgeville was founded 
in 1S03— in 1810 it had 1,256 inhabitants; in 1S20, 1,411 ; in 
1S30, 1,599 ; in 1S40, 2,095 ; and in 1S50, about 3,200. In the 
V. of Medway, near Milledgeville, is located Oglethorpe 
College, founded 1S36— in 1S50 it had a president, 6 jjrofes- 
sors, S3 alumni, and 65 students, and its Ubrary contained 
4,500 volumes. 

MiLLEDGEViLLB, p. V., Carfoll CO., lU. .' OQ tho W. side of 
Elkhom cr., 152 m. N. Springfield. 

Milledgeville, p. o., Lincoln co., Ky. : 47 m. S. by E. 
Frankfort 

Milledgeville, p. v., Montgomery co., K Car. : 73 m. 
W. S. W. Raleigh. 

Mlllen, sta., Burke co., Ga. : on the line of the Central 
(Georgia) R. R., at which point the Augusta and Waynes- 
boro' R. R. diverges, 15 m. 8. Augusta, and 111 m. E. 
Macon. It is named after the famous engineer so called. 

Miller county, 3fo. Situate S. centrally, and contains 
549 sq. m. Drained by Bushy fork, Tavern cr., and other 
branches of the Osage, which flows through the N. part. 
Surface somewhat broken; soil mostly very fertile, and 
adapted especially to grazing. Corn is the staple, and pork 
the principal export. It has fine mill-seats, and abundance 
of timber. Farms 369; manuC 0; dwell. 592, and pop. — 
wh. 3,645, fr.coLO, si. lS9—toL'il3,S34. Capital: Tuscumbia. 
Miller'6, p. o., Fayette co., Tesc. : 57 m. S. E. Austin City. 
MrLLER's, sta., Cook co., III. : on Ime of the Northern In- 
diana R. R., 29 m. fVom Cliicago. 

Miller's, p. o., Lawrence county, Ohio: 79 ra. S. S. W. 
Columbus. 

Miller's river, J/f/sA .• rises in ponds in Ashbumham and 
Winchcnden, passing W. through Royalston, Athol, Orange, 
and Wendell, flows into the Connecticut r. at Ining village^ 
It has many tributaries, and aflords excellent mill privileges. 
Miller's river, Venn. : rises in Sheffield, waters a part 
of Wheelock, and empties into the Passunipsic, in Lyndon. 
It affords good mill privileges, particularly in Wheelock, 
where there is a considerable fall. 

Miller's Bat, p. o., Jefferson co., A'! T. : 143 m, N. W. 
Albany. 

MiLLERSBUitG, p. V., and cap. Mercer co., III. : on the N. 
side of Edward's r., 112 m. N. N. W. Springfield. It con- 
tains the county court-house and several dwellings. 

MiLLERSBTTRG, p. V., Bourbon CO., Ky. : on a branch of 
Licking r., 36 m. E. by N. Frankfort. 

MiLLERSBUKG, p. V., Callaway co., Mo. : on a branch of 
Cedar cr., 23 m. N. Jeficrson City. 
MiLLERSBCTSG, p. V., and cap. Hohnes co., Ohio : on the 
478 



E. side of Killbuck cr., 67 m. N. E. Columbus. It contaius the 
courtrhouse, jaU, and usual number of public buildings, a 
number of stores and dweUiugs, and about SOO iuhabitanti 
The Cleveland, Zanesville, and Cincinnati R. R., formerly 
the Akron Branch, will pass through the v., affording direct 
communication with Cleveland and Zanesville. The road 
now (1S53) extends several miles below Clinton. The 
" Holmes County Farmer" (dem.), ** Holmes County Demo- 
crat" (dem.), and " Holmes County Whig" (whig), are issued 
weekly. 

MiLLEEiiBtrKG, p. V., Duuphin co., Penn.: on the E side 
of the Susquehanna r., and at the mouth of Wisconisco 
creek, 20 m. N. by W. Harrisburg. 

MiLLERSBUBG, p. v., Ruthcrford CO., Tenn.: on tho Nasb- 
ville post-road, 41 m. S. E. Nashville. 

Miller's Creek, p. o., Estill county, Ey. : 5S m. S. EL 
Frankfort, 

Miller's Creek, p. o., Davis county, Utah Ter. : 155 m, 
N. Fillmore City. 

Miller's Mill, p. o., Christian co., Ey. : 174 m. S. W, by 
W. Frankfori. 

Mjller's Mtll, p. 0., Bath co., Vtrg. : 137 m. W. by N. 
Richmond. 

Millee'8 Place, p. v., Suffolk co., iV. Y. : on Long Island 
Sound, 127 ra. B. 8. E. Albany. It contains an academy 
and several dwellings. 

MiLLERSPORT, p. v., Fairfield county, Ohio: on the Ohio 
Canal, 191 m. Cleveland, and 24 m. Columbus. Pop. 126. 

Miller's Tavern, p. o., Esse."c co., Yirg.: 42 m. N E^ 
Richmond. 

Millerstown, p. v., Grayson co., Ky. : on W. bank of 
Nolin cr., 78 m. S. W. Frankfort. 

Millerstown, p. 0., Champaign co., Ohio: 48 m. W. by 
N. Columbus. 

Millerstown, p. v., Perry co., Penn.: on the left banfe 
of the Juniata r., and on line of the E. division of the 
Pennsylvania R. R., 33 m. N. W. Harrisburg. 

MiLLERsviLLE, p. o., AdauT county, Ky. : 78 m. 8. by W. 
Frankfort 

MiLLERSVTLLE, p. V., Auue Aruudel co., did, : on the W. 
side of Severn r., 10 m. N. W. Annapolis, and on the line 
of the AnnapoUs and Elkridge R. R., equidistant between 
the two places. 

MiLLEEsviLLE. p. V., Lancaster co., Penn. : on a branch 
of the Conestoga cr., 83 m. S. E, by E. Harrisburg, 4 m. a, 
Lancaster. 

MiLLERSVTLLE, p. V., Marlou CO., IncJ. 

MiLLEETOX, sta., Columbia co., 2T. Y. : on the line of the 
Harlem R. R., 66 m. S. Albany. 

MiLLFiELP, p. v., Athens co., Ohio: on Sunday cr., 5S m. 
S. E. Columbus. There are salt-worlis in this vicinity, pro- 
ducing large quantities of salt annually. Tho v. containa 
several stores, workshops, and dwellings. 

MiLLFORD Mills, p. o., Prince William co., Yirg. : 89 m. 
N. Richmond. 

Mill Greek, p. o., Hartford co., Md. : 48 m. N. Annapolis. 

Mill Grove, p. t., Cobb county, Ga.: 101 m. N. W. 
Milledgeville. 

Mill Grove, P.O., Erie CO., ^ 3T:257m. W.^N.Albany. 

Mill Grove, p. v., Owen co., Ind.: on the E. side of 
Mill er., 38 m. S. W. by W. Indianapolis. 

Mill Grove, p. v., Sumter dist., S. Car. : on the Darling 
ton and Sumterville post-road, 41 m. E. N. E. Columbia. 

Mill Hall, p. o., Clinton co., Penn. : on the S. side of 
Bald Eagle cr., 67 m. N. N. W. Harrisburg. The Mill Hall 
iron furnace, situate here, has an annual capacity of 1,600 
tons. 

Mill Haven, p. v., Scriven co., Ga.: 101 m. E. by S. 
Milledgeville. 

Milliieim, p. v., Cenbre county, Penn. : 54 m. N. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Mill Hill, p. o., Cabarras co., K Car. : 98 m. W. S. W. 
Raleigh. 



MIL 



MIL 



Milt. Housen, p. v., Decatur county, Ind. : 53 m. S. E. 
Indianapolis. 

MiLLicAN, p. 0., Brazos co., Tex.: 85 m. E. N. E. Austin City. 

Milliken'8 Bend, p. o., Madison par., La.: on W. side 
of (he Mississippi r., 137 m. N. Baton Kongo. 

MiLLEN, p. 0., Burke co., Ga. : on the E. side of Ogcccheo 
r., 93 m. E. 3. E. Milledgeville. The Central 11. E. passes 
llirough this v., 79 m. from Savannah, and the Augusta and 
"Waynesboro' E. K. diverges from it, 51 m. S. from Augusta. 
Is is named from M. B. Millen, Esq., the emineut engineer 
of the Central E. E. 

MiLLiNGTON, p. T., Middlesex co., Conn. : on the East 
Haddain and Bozrah post-road, 27 m. S. E. Ilarlford. 

MiLLiNGioN, p. v., Kent co., M<f.: on the N. side of 
Chester r., IS m. E. of Cheslerlown, and 53 m. N. E. Anna- 
polis. It is a flourishing village. 

MiLLiNGToN, p. o., Somerset co., A^ Jer. : on the Passaic 
r., 80 m. N. N. E. Trenton. 

MiLLiNGTON, p. v., Albcmarlc co., Jlrg. : near the fork 
of Pevanna r., 73 m. N. W. Kichmond. 

MiLLiNOKET lake, Penobscot co., 3f&. : borders on the 
E. boundary of Piscataquis co., and receives several rivers. 
Its outlet is the river so called, which with it forms an im- 
portant source of the W. branch of the Penobscot river, 
and connects it with Pemadumcook lake, near the great 
falls so called. 

Mill Plaw", p. v., Fairfield co., Coim.: on the Danbury 
post-road, 51 m. S. AV. Hartford. 

Mill Point, p. o., SulUvan co., Tenn, : 24S m. E. by N. 
Nashville. 

Mill Point, p. o., Pocahontas co., Virg. : 151 m. "W. N. "W. 
Eichmond. 

Mill Point, p. o., Ottawa co., Mich. : 85 m. N. N. W. 
Lansing. 

Mill Port, p. v., Fayette co., Ala. : on the Fayette post- 
road, 131 m. N. "W". Montgomery. 

Millport, p. v., Chemung co., J\^. Y. : on Catherine's er., 
and on the hue of the Cauandaigua E. E., 12 m. N. Elmira, 
167 m. "W. S. W. Albany. The Chemung Canal passes 
through the village. It has extensive water-power, whicli 
supplies a large number of mills of different kinds. There 
are several manufactories, and a boat-yard for building and 
repairing canal boats. Large quantities of lumber are 
annually exported. 

Mill Port, p. o.. Potter county, Pe7m. : 123 ra. N. N. "W., 
Harrisburg. 

Mill Port, p. v., "Washinglon co,, Ind.: on the Musca- 
taluck r., GO m. S. Indianapolis. 

Mill Eay, p. o., Bullnek co., C?rt.;103 m. 8.E. Milledgeville. 

Mill Eidge, p. o., St. Francb co., Ark, : 71 m. E. N. E. 
Little Eock. 

Mill Eiyer, p. v., Berkshire co., 3fnos. : on a branch of 
the Housatonic r., IIT m. W. 8. W. Boston. 

Mill Eivt:b, p. c, Henderson county, A^. Car.: 233 m. 
"W. by S. Ealeigh. 

Mills county, la. Situate S. "W., and contains ^2G sq. m. 
Bounded W. by the Missouri, and drained by Nishuaba- 
tona r. and Mosquito and Key creeks. It lies just S. of 
Council Bluflfs, aud is yet but little settled. Unorganized 
in 1S50. 

MiLLSKOBOiTGH, p. V., Sussex couuty, I>€l. : on S. side of 
Indian r., 41 m. 8. J E. Dover, 

MiLLSBOROUGH, p. V., Washington co., Penn. : on the W. 
side of the Monongahela r. and N. of the confluence of 
Ten Mile er., 164 m. W. Harrisburg. 

Mills' Bridge, p. o., Pike county, Oa.: 74 miles W. 
Milledgeville. 

Mills' Goenees, p. o., Fulton co., N. T. : 37 m. N. "W. 
Albany. 

Mills' Gap, p. o., Eutherford co., A". Car. : 206 m.'W. by S. 
Ealeigh. 

MiLifi' Mills, p. o., Alleghany co., A^. F. ; 225 m.'W. by S. 
Albany. 



Mills' Pkaipje, p. v., Edwards co., Hi. : 122 m. S. E. 
Springfiehl. 

Mills river, IlL : rises in N. part of Jackson co., makes 
a semicircular bend into Perry, and empties into the Mis- 
sissippi r. in Randolph County. 

Mill Spring, p. o., Jeflersoa county, Temi. : 194 m. E. 
Nashville. 

Mill Spring, p. v., "Wayne co., Kf/. : on the S. side of 
Cumberiand r., 86 m. S. Frankfurt. 

Millstadt, p. v.,St. Clair co., J IL: on the "Waterloo and 
Belleville ixist^road, 96 m. S. by W. Springlield. 

Millstone, p. v., Oglethorjie co., Ga. : on the S. side of 
Broad r., 67 m. N. by E. Milledgeville. 

Millstone, p. v., Somerset co., Al Jer, : on "W. side Mill- 
stone r., 22 m. N. by E. Trenton ; contains a number of very 
neat dwellings, some stores, and several workshops. 

Millstone river, 2f. Jer.: rises in Millstone, Monmouth 
County, flows in a N. and W. by N. course to Kingston, 
forming the division between Middlesex and Mercer, and 
thence N. through Somerset, joins the Earitan r. about 2^ ra. 
E. Somerville. This is n rapid stream and has many trib- 
utaries affording excellent mill-sites. The Delaware and 
Earitan Canal follows this river a considerable distance. 

Milltown, p. o., Chester coimty, Peiin. : 63 m, E. by S. 
Harrisburg. 

MiLLTowN, p. v., Crawford co., Ind. : on the W. bank of 
the Great Blue r., 157 m. S. Indianapolis. 

Milltown, p. 0., Washington co.. Me. : 12S m. E. by N, 
Augusta. 

Milltdwn, p. 0., Chambers co., Alu. : 73 in. N. E. by E, 
Montgomery. 

MiLLTowN, p. T., Putnam co., Al T. : SI m. S. Albany ; 
contains several stores, a foundry, and a few mills. 

MiLLviEW, i>. o., Fauquier co., Viri/.: 94 m. N. by"W. 
Eichmond. 

MiLLTiEw, p. 0., Sullivan county, Ponn. : SI miles N. 
Harrisburg. 

MiLLviLLE, p. v., Butler county, Ala. : 43 miles S, 
Montgomerj'. 

MiLLTiLLE, p. T., fTo Daviess CO., PI. : on a fork of Apple 
r., 193 m. N. Springfield. 

SIILL^^LLE, p. v., Clayton co., la. : on S. bank of Turkey 
r., 74 m. N. by E. Iowa City. There arc in this v. a num- 
ber of fine farms and some mills. The country round about 
is well cultivated, and lead is to be found along the banks 
of the river. 

MiLLviLLE, p. v., 'Worcester co., Mass.: on the Provi- 
dence and Worcester E. E., 20 m. from Providence, 35 m, 
S. W. Boston. 

MILLVILLE, sta., Essex county, Al Jer, : on line of the 
Morris and Essex E. E., 10 m. W. Newark, and 24 m. S. E. 
Dover. 

MILLVILLE, t. and p. v., Cumberland co., N. Jer. : 49 m. 
S. Trenton. Drained by Maurice r. and its branches. Sur- 
face even ; soil inferior and unproductive. There are a 
number of mills and workshops in the t. Glass is manu- 
factured here to a considerable extent. The v. is situate on 
the E. bank of Maurice r., and contains n number of stwres 
and some fine dwellings. Pop. of the t. 2.332. 

MiLLTiLLE, p. T.. Orleans co., N. Y. : 245 m. W. by N. 
Albany. It contains several dwellings, an incorjiorated 
academy, a number of mills, and a carriage manufiictory. 

MiLLViLLE, p. v., Butler CO., Ohio: on a branch of Miami 
r., 96 m. W. S. W. Columbus. It contains several liwellings, 
a number of stores and workshops, and about 300 inhab- 
itants. 

MiLLV-n-LE. p. v., Columbia county, Penn. : on the line 
of the Catawissa and Towanda E. E., 57 miles N. by E. 
Harrisburg. 

MiLLTiLLE, p. v., Spartanburg dist., .51 Car.: on a fork 
of Congaree r., 74 m. N. W. Columbia. 

MiLLviLLE, p. o., Lincoln county, Tenn, : 69 m. S. by E. 
NashviUe. 

479 



MIL 

MiLLViLLE, p. v., I!ay CO., Mo. : on a branch of Wjaconda 
cr., 112 m. N. W. by W. Jefferson Cily. 

MiLi.vii.1.1:, 1). o., King George CO., Vlrg. : 63 m. N. by E. 
Eichnion'l. 

Mill" Era, p.o., Anderson disL, S. Car. : 109 m. W. KW. 
Columbia. 

Millwood, p. t., Dooly county, Ga. : 7T m. 8. 8. W. 
Millfilgoville. 

JliLLwooD, p. v., Lincoln oounly, Mo.: 6S m. N. E. 
Jefferson City. 

Millwood, p. v., Jackson co., Flor. : 51 m. N. W. by W. 
Tallahassee. 

Millwood, p. v., Knox co., Ohio : on the N. side of Vernon 
r., 47 m. N. E. Columbus. 

Millwood,* p. v., Clark co., Vir//.: on the W. side of 
eiienandoah r., 113 m. N. by W. Eiehmond. 

Millwood, p. o., Collin county, Te-x. : 209 m. N. by E. 
Austin Cily. 

MiLKEc, p. v., Pike co., Ga.: 61 m. W. Millcdgcvillc. 
The Macon and 'Western E. E. passes the v. 47 m. from 
Macon. 

MiLNEnsTTLLE, p. 0., Guenisc-y co., Ohio: 47 m. E. by N. 
Columbus. 

MiLo, t. and p. v., Piscataquis co., 3fe. : 73 m. N. N. E. 
Augusta. Drained by the Piscataquis r. and its branches, 
Sebec and Pleasant rivers. Surface pleasantly diversified ; 
soil fertile, especially on the banks of the rivers ; well adapted 
to grain. There are a few mills and some manufactories 
here. The v. is situate on the IST. side of Sebec r., and con- 
tains a number of dwellings, stores, and workshops. Pop. 
of the t 932. 

MiLO, t. and p. v.. Talcs co., iK K; 169 m. TV. Albany. 
Drained by a small stream, which bounds it on the N., and 
connects Crooked lake with Seneca lake, the former bound- 
ing it on the W. and the latter on the E. Surface undulat- 
ing ; soil fertile. It is quite a flourishing t., and contains 
several stores, a number of mills and manufactories, and a 
furnace, all in active operation. The T. is in S. E. part, near 
Seneca lake, and contains a number of mills, stores, and 
■workshops. Penn Tan, a considerable village, and capital 
of the county, is situate in the N., on the outlet of Crooked 
lake. Pop. of L 4,791. 

Mn.o, p. v.. Bureau co., HI : 93 m. N. Springfield. Sur- 
rounded by good prairie lands. 

MiLo Centre, p. v., Tates Co., N. Y. : at the head of 
Crooked lake, on the line of the Canandaigua and EIniira 
E. E., 89 m. N. by W. Elmira, and 171 m. W. Albany. The 
country round about is very rich, producing large crops of 
wheat annually. 

Mn.noT, p. v.. Rush co., Ind. : on Little Flat Eock cr., 89 
m. S. E. by E. Indianapolis. 

MiLKOv, p. 0., Mifflin county, Penn.: 48 m. N. W. 
Harrisburg. 

MiLTox, p. v., Autauga CO., Ala. : on a branch of Coosa r., 
33 m. W. N. W. Montgomery. 

MiLTOX, p. v., Litchfield CO., Conn. : on the Litchfield 
post-road, on E. side of Shepaug r., 31 m. W. Harlforii. 

MiLTOx, p. v., Sussex co., Del. : on N. side of a small cr. 
flowing into Delaware Bay, 27 m. 8. Dover. 

MiLTov. p. v., and cap. Santa Rosa co., Fl^r. : on the W. 
side of Blackwater r., 15 m. N. Pensacola, 165 m. W. Talla- 
hassee. The country round about the v. is celebrated for 
excellent live o.ak. 
Milton, p. v.. Pike CO., HI. : &4 m. W. by 8. Springfield. 
MiLTox, p. v., "Wayne co., Ind. : on the "W. branch of the 
White Water r., 68 m. E. Indianapolis. The White Water 
Canal passes through the village. 

MiLTox, p. v., Trimble CO., A'y. .• on the S. bank of the 
Ohio r., 44 m. N. W. Frankfort. A small v., containing a 
number of stores and workshops, a few dwellings, and about 
250 inhabitaoLs. 

MiLTox, t. and p. v., Norfolk county, Mass. : 7 m. 8. 
Boston. Bounded on the N. and W. by Ncponsot r., by 
430 



mL 



which and its branches it is drained. Surface undulating, 
except in the S., where it is mountainous; .soil very fertile. 
The river affords extensive hydraulic power, and has some 
fine mill-sites, of which there are quite a number, as also 
manufactories. Extensive and valuable granite quarries 
are found here. The v. (called Uie Mills) is situate on the 
Neponset r., at the head of navigation, and is in a very 
thriving condition, being the seat of considerable trade and 
manufacture. A fine granite bridge here crosses the Xe- 
ponset river, and the Dorchester and Milton Branch E. E. 
diverges hence, and connects with the Old Colony U. E. 
at Neponset, 5 m. from Boston. MUton contains some fine 
country seats and beautiful scenery. Blue Hill, a celebrated 
land-mark for sailors, 710 feel above the sea, is in S. part of 
the t,, 12 m. from Boston. Pop. 2,241. 

Milton, p. o., Lafayette co., Miss. : 135 m. N. N. E. 
Jackson. 

MiLTox, p. v., Randolph co.. Mo. : on Elk Fork, a branch 
of Salt River, 63 m. N. i W. Jefferson City. 

Miltox, p. v., Morris co., AT. jer. : E. side Eockaway r., 
near Hamburg Mountain, 55 m. N. J E. Trenton. 

MiLTox, t, and p. v., Strafford Co., JK //amp.: 27 m. 
N. E. Concord. ■ Bounded on the E. by Salmon r., by the 
branches of which it is drained. Surface various ; in the 
E. is Teneriffe, a rocky mountain, near which is Milton 
Pond, connecting with Salmon r. Soil gootl. It h.as exten.«ive 
hydraulic power. The v., in N. part of t, is a pleasant 
settlement, and has a number of stores and workshops. 
Pop. of 1. 1,619. 

MiLTOx, p. v., Ulster co., JK T. : on W. side of the Hud- 
son r., at the head of a landing, 78 m. S. by W. Albany. 
The countrj- round about is very productive, yielding a large 
amount of produce, which is sent away annually by means 
of barges which ply between the village and New Tork. 
There are 75 dwellings, with several stores and workshops, 
and about 475 inhabitants in the lillage. 

MiLTOX, t. and p. v., Mahoning CO., Ohio: 127 m. N. E. 
Columbus. Drained by affluents of Mahoning r. Surface 
undulating ; soil fertile and well cultivated. It has excellent 
water-power. The v. is situate on a branch of Mahoning r., 
in N. W. part of t, and contains several stores and work- 
shops. Pop. 1,120. 

MiLTox, p. v., Caswell co., K Car. : on the 8. sido of 
D.an r., G6 m. N. N. W. Ealeigh. A new.spaper, the " Mil- 
ton Clironicle" (whig), is here issued weekly. 

Milton, p. b., Northumberland co., Penn.: on the E. 
side of tlie W. branch of the Susquehanna r., at the conflu- 
ence of Limestone r., 53 m. N. by W. Harrisburg. A bridge 
crosses the Susquehanna r. at that point The b. contains 
about 800 dwellings, numerous stores, and several manufac- 
tories. The "Miltonian'' (whig), a weekly paper, is issued 
here. Pop. 1,646. 

Miltox, p. v., Eutherford CO., Tenn. : 31 m. E. S. E. 
Nashville. 

Miltox, p. o., Wilkinson county, Ga. : 19 miles 8. 
Milledgeville. 

Miltox, p. v., Laurens dist,, & Car. : on Little r., 53 m. 
N. W. by W. Columbia. 

Milton, t and p. v., Chittenden co.. Verm. : 34 m. N. W. 
Montpelier. Drained by Lamoille river and its branches. 
Surface ideasanlly diversified ; soil good, with fine pastur- 
age. It has immense hydraulic power, owing to an exten- 
sive waterfall in the river. There are a number of mills and 
manufactories. The t is bounded on the W. by Lake 
Champlain. Sand Bar bridge connects it with South 
Hero, on Grand Isle. The v. is pleasantly situate on La- 
moille r., near the falls, and on the line of the Vermont 
Central E. It., 121 m. from Windsor. It contains several 
mills and some manufactories, together with a number of 
workshops and .ibout 60 dwellings. Pop. of t 2.451. 

Miltox, t. and p. o., Eock county. Wise. : 29 nL 8. E. 
Madison. Bounded on the N. by Koshkonong lake, by the 
outlets of which it is drained; and diversified by a num- 



MIL 



MIN 



bcT of small ronds. Surface undulating : snil fertile. There 
an- several nulls and manufaclorios in the town. The v. is 
on llie line of the Milwaukie an<l Mississippi E. V.., C'2 m. 
W. S. W. Milwaukie, and conutins several dwellings, a 
number of stores, and workshops. Top. of U 1,032. 

MtLTON Mii.us, p. o., Stratford counly, ^'. llamp.: 23 m. 
X. K. Concord. 

MiLTONSLiiEO, p. v., Monroe Co., Ohio: on the TVoodfleld 
post-road. 91) ni. K. Columbus. 

Mii.T<.NviLLE. p. v.. Wood CO., OIlio : on Uie E. bank of 
the Maiiinee r., Kfl m. N. S. W. C'olnmlius. 
MiLviLLE. p. 0., r.usk CO., TfiT. .' '219 m. N. E. Austin City. 
MiLwAUKiF. counly, Wise. Situate S. E.. on Lake Michi- 
gan, and contains 25S sq. m. Drained by Oak or. and Koot 
and Milwaukie rivers. Surface .eenlly rolling, widi a slope 
lowaril the lake ; soil highly produetive. Corn and wheal, 
with the other grains, live-stock, beef, pork, and wool, are 
the farming staples and largo export?. The co. was orig- 
inally heavily timbered, and is extensively engaged in the 
lumber trade. It has fine harbors, and a very large trade 
on the lake. The basis of the co. is limestone, which fur- 
nishes an excellent building material and good lime. It has 
various and extensive manufactures, .and exports great 
numbers of bricks of a superior kind. Farms 9:i5 ; maimf 
S.31;: dwell. .5,(aO, and pop.— wll. 3'i.9G", fr. col. 11(1— ti>lal 
Sl.iiTT. (Vj/iito/: Milwaukie. PuUic irnc/-.v.- Milwaukie 
and Mississippi 1'.. K. ; Lake Shore E. E.; Milwaukie and 
Fond du Lae E. E. : plank-roads, etc. 

Milwaukie, p. v., Clackamas co., Oretj. : on the E. bank 
of the Willamette r., some 6 ra. below the falls, and 37 m. 
N. E. Salem. It may be said to be at the head of ship nav- 
igation on the Willamette. Above the v. the r. is unsnit<'d 
to ship navigation. In a commercial point of view, this is 
an important site, and is a very prosperous village. 

MiLWAiKiE, t, p. city, and cap. Milwaukie co., Wi.v. : 
on the W. shore of Lake Michigan, 75 in. E. Madison. 
Lat 43^^ '14'. long. 87° 57'. Drained by Milwaukie r. and 
branch, wliich former, running parallel with the lake, 
divides the t. Surface uneven, along the banks of the river 
and lake hilly ; soil rich and very productive. The shore 
on Lake Michigan consists of a bank of clay from 20 to 101) 
feet high, and as nearly perpendicular as the nature of the 
material will admit of. The country rises gradually to the 
W. The city is the most important town on Lake Michigan 
(except Cliicago, which is some 90 miles farther S.l, anil is 
of some twenty years' growth. The inhabitants, of whom a 
larirc number are Dutch, Swiss, Xorwegians, and Irish, are 
of "a quiet, imlustrious turn. It is noIe<l for its splendid 
blocks of buildings, and its superior lirk:/.; which probably 
surpass those of any part of our n.ation. They have become 
a valuable arlicle of ex-port, being hard, smooth, and of a 
beautiful straw color. The Milwaukie and Mississippi 
E. E. extends from liere as far as .Tanesville, a distance of 
70 miles, ani, when completed, will extend to Dubuque, 
thus connecting the lake wilh the Mississippi river. The 
citv is situate on the river of same name, near its mouth, on 
an' elevation, 90 m. from Chicago, and 79 m. due E. from 
JIadison. It was laid out as a village in 1S35. and such 
was the rapidity of its increase, that in .lune of the succeed- 
ing year it numbered l,2iiC inhabitants. The bay is a semi- 
circular indentation of Lake Michigan, about 6 m. across, 
and 3 ra. deep. The N. and S. p<.ints. or capes, protect the 
shipping fr.im the effects of all storms and gtilas of wind, 
except from the E., which seldom occur. The bottom is 
com7.o!ied of clay, affording excellent anchorage grounrl. 
There are 39 siiil vessels owned in and sailing out of this 
port, of which the total tonnage is 5,642; also stock in 
bleamboals and propellers of 8,000 torn, making the total 
tonnage owned in the port 9.542. Sixteen sail of vessels arc 
engaged exclusively in the lumber Irade, and the remainder 
in freighting produce and merchandise. The arrivals dur- 
ing the season of 1S43 were, steamboats. 49S ; propellers, 
24S ; barks and brigs, 119 ; schooners, 511 ; making a tol.al 

N3 



of I,17G. The exports of wheat from 1S45 to 1S49 inclusive, 
was 4;372.400 bushels, as follows: 1545, 133,310; 1S46, 
292,223; 1S47, 602,211; 1S43, 1,076,134; 1S49, 2,'20S,517 
bushels, being an increase at the rate of more than 100 per 
cent, per annum. There .are invested in manufactories 
over two million of dollars, the products of which consist 
of woolen goods, machinery, castings, carriages, wagons, 
leather, lumber, cabinet-ware, tin, sheet iron, and copper 
manufactories, saddles and harness, soap and candles, burr 
mill-stones, steam-boilers, sails, rigging, plows, fanning 
mills, paper, clothings, smithiiigs, tobacco, and segars, book- 
binding, coopeni' wares, brick, etc. In addition to this, 
there are 5 flouring mills, propelled by water-power, and 1 
by steam containing 17 runs of stones, each run capable of 
turning out 80 to 100 barrels of flour per ilay, and consum- 
ing in all 7,000 bushels of wheat daily. The imports 
amount to near four million dollars annually. con.iisting 
chiefly of merchandise, salt, furniture, coal, lime, j)laister, 
fruits, lumber, etc. The exports, amounting to two and a half 
million dollars annually, consist of wheat, barrels of flour, 
pork, beef, lead. shot, hides, and suncjry manufactured arti- 
cles. There is a United States land ollice situate here. 
The "Wisconsin Banner," daily, tri-weekly, and weekly 
(dem.), "Taglieher Volksfreuud,'' daily and weekly (dem.), 
"Commercial Advertiser,'' daily, tri-weekly, and weekly 
(dem.). "Milwaukie Sentinel," daily, tri-weekly, and weekly 
(whig), "Free Democrat." daily, tri-weekly, and weekly 
(free soil), tri-weekly, and weekly "Wisconsin," daily 
(ilem.), .are the names of newspapers published here. The 
progress of the city has been most remarkable. In l^U it 
was surrounded by a wilderness, and contained only two 
log-houses, since which lime it has increased rapidly. In 
1840. there were 1.7t'0 inh.abilants ; 1S4-3. 2,700; 1S46, June 
1. 9,6.'j5; 1S49. December 15, 16,071; 1S50, the city, 20,061, 
but including the town. 21,461. 

Milwaukie bay. Wise. : an inlet of Lake Michigan, in 
the county so called. At the head of the bay is the city 
above described. 

Milwaukie river, TTTse. : a large stream rising by a num- 
ber of branches in Fond du Lac and Sheboygan counties, 
flows S. to Salisbury, E. to Fredonia, thence S. through 
Washington and a part of Jlilwaukie CO., empties into Mil- 
waukie V.ay of Lake J[ichig.ln at Milwaukie City, from 
which point the Milwaukie and Mississippi E. E. diverges. 
MiNA, I. and p. v., Chautaiique Co., A". Y. : W. part of co., 
.■513 m. W. by S. Alliany. Drained by French cr. Finlcy's 
Lake is in W. part of t. Surface uneven; soil of good 
quality. It contains a few mills and munufactories, and 
several dwellings. The village is situate in N. E. part, on 
French cr., and has some neat dwellings, and a number of 
stores and workshops. I'op. of t. 996. 

MixAviLLE, p. o., Montgomery CO., iV. Y. : 33 m. N. W. 
Albany. 
MisDEN, p. 0., Eusk CO.. Ter. : 2-23 m. N. E. Austin City. 
MixDEN, p. v., Claiborne par.. Lit. : on an outlet of Lake 
Bistenean, 193 m. N. W. Baton Rouge. It contains a court- 
house, jail, a number of dwellings, and some workshops. 
The " Minden Herald," a weekly Lssue, is published here. 

MraDEN, t. and p. o., Montgomery county, A^. Y.: 63 m. 
W. N. W. Albany. Bounded on the N. and E. by the 
Mohawk r. and Erie Canal, by -which and Otsquake cr. it 
is drained. Surface variable, in parts hilly; soil various, 
rich in the valleys, and very productive. There are a num- 
ber of manufactories, mills, and some workshops hero. 
Pop. of t. 4,6-23. _ , 

MixDEXTiLLE, p. o., Moutgomcry counly. A'; I.; 63 m. 
W. N. W. Albany. 

MixE Creek, p. o., Hempstead co., Ar!:. : 109 m. S. tt. 
Little Eock. 
MixE Kill Falls, p. o.. Schoharie co., A . } . : 39 m. W . 

Albany. u >. 

MivE La Mo-ite. p. v.. Madison Co.. .Vo.; on a branch 

of St. Francis r., 1-23 m. S. E. by E. Jefferson Ciiy. There 

431 



MIN 



MIN 



ia an extensive lead mine here yielding 72 per cent, pure 
metal. The ores are easily reduced, and G ounces of silver 
is procured per ion. The carbonate is reduced by means 
of a blast furnace. Copper and zinc ores are found in the 
Wcinitj' ; manganese ores are also very abundant, and in 
time will be sought after with much avidity. Cobalt has be- 
come an object of exploration. It is f<iuud associated with 
nickel, in the form of the sulphuret, or the black oxide. An 
apparatus for the preparation of cobalt oxide has been fitted 
up at Die mine, and it is estimated that the tract will pro- 
duce from 3,000 to 5,000 pounds of the article per annum. 
Cobalt is an invaluable article in the manufacture of porce- 
lain and pottery, all the blue colors of which are derived 
from it. 

Mineral Point, t, p. v., and cap. Iowa co., WUc. : 43 m. 
S. W. Madison. Drained by head branches of Pecatonlra r. 
Surface rugged ; soil fertile, and very productive, with a 
basis of limestone. There are a number of farms and sev- 
eral dwellings in the t. The v. is on a branch of Pecatonica 
r., and contains, besides the usual public buildings, a U. S. 
land office, a number of stores and dwellings, and a few 
workshops. Lead and copper of an excellent quality are to 
be found here in abundance; there are several furnaces 
used for smelting. Pop. of t 2.5S4. 

Mineral Spring, p. c, Anderson dist., S. Car. : 114 m. 
W. N. W. Columbia. 

Mcs-eral Springs, p. o., Bexar co., Tex. : 77 m. S. Austin 
City. There is a spring here, whoso waters have for ages 
been held in high estimation by the aborigines for their 
medicinal qualities. 

MiKTiRAL Springs, p. v., Columbia co., Flor. : on the S. 
side of Suwanee r., 71 m. E. Tallahassee. 

Mineral Springs, p. o., Lowndes co., Ga. : 156 m. S. 
Milledgeville. 

Miners viLLE, p. b., Schuylkill co., Penn,: 41 m. N. E. 



Harrisburg. It contains about 125 dwellings, several stores 
and one newspaper, the " Minersvillc Bulletin," is issued 
weekly. There are a number of anthracite coal mines in 
the vicinity. Pop. about 1,600. 

Minersville, p. v., M'Dowell co., JT. Car. : at head of 
Cane cr., 175 m. W. Raleigh. 

MiN-ERVA, p. T., Houston CO., Oa. : at the som"ce of Beaver 
cr., 62 m. 8. W. MUicdgeville. 

Minerva, p. v., Mason county, Ky. : 73 m. E. N. E. 
Frankfort. 

Minerva, t. and p. v., Essex co., K. Y. : 79 m. N. ■} "W. 
Albany. Drained by Hudson r., and Boreas, Cedar, and 
Indian rivers, its forks. Surface hilly, in parts mountain- 
ous, the Adirondack Mountains bemg situate here. In the 
valley is to be found some fertile land. "Water-power ia 
good ; there are several mills and some manufactures here. 
The V. in which the post-ofBce is situate ia in the S. E. part 
of the t. Pop. of the t. 5S6. 

Minerva, p. v.. Stark co., Oldo: on the line of the Sandy 
and Beaver Canal, 107 m. E. N. E. Columbus. It contains 
several stores, and about 450 inhabitants. 

MiNETTo, p. o., Oswego CO., 2s. T. : 137 m. N. W. Albany. 

Mingo Flat, p. o., Kandolph co., Virg. : 137 m. N. "W. 
Richmond. 

MiNXSiNK, t and p. v., Orange co., IN'. Y.: 97 m. S. S. W. 
Albany. Bounded on the E. and S. E. by Wallkill, by 
which and its branches it is drained. Sm^ace in the W. 
hilly and in the E. varied, being partly covered by what is 
termed the droicned lands; soil in parts fertile and pro- 
ductive. There are in the t. a large number of milts, sev- 
eral manufactories, and a variety of stores. The New York 
and Erie E. R. crosses the N. W. part of the t The v. is 
near the Wallkill, and has several stores and workshops. 
Westtown is the name of a postroffice in the 9. part. Popu- 
lation of t. 4,972. 



THE TERRITORY OF MINNESOTA. 

Minnesota occupies "all that part of the territory of the United States which lies within the following limits, to wit: 
beginning in the Mississippi River, at the point where the line of 43"^ 30' of north latitude crosses the same; thence 
running due west on said line, which is the northern boundary of the State of Iowa, to the north-west comer of the said 
State of Iowa ; thence southerly along the western boundary of the said Slate to the point where the said boundary strikes 
the Missouri River; thence up the middle of the main channel of the Missouri River to the mouth of the White-earth 
River; thence up the middle of the main channel of the White-earth River to the boundary line between the possessions 
of the United States and Great Britain ; thence east and south of east along the boundary line between the possessions of 
the United States and Great Britain to Lake Superior; thence ill a straight line to the northernmost point of the Stale of 
Wisconsin in Lake Superior ; thence along the western boundary line of said State of Wisconsin to the Mississippi River ; 
thence down the main channel of said river to the place of beginning." — Act of Congress, 8d March, 1S49. Within this 
territory the area may be computed at 140,000 or 150,000 square miles ; according to the census report it ia only 83,000 
square miles, which is evidently an error. 

This immense region is bountifully watered by the Mississippi, of which it contains the true sources, the Minnesota, the 
Missouri River, and the Red River of the north, and their numerous tributary' streams, which traverse it in every part. 
There are also innumerable bodies of fresh water, which abound in fish of various kinds, the while fish especially bi-ing 
found in great numbers in the more northern or large lakes. The general character of Minnesota is that of a high rolling 
prau-ie. but the streams and lakes are bordered with heavj' bodies of limber, which contain every species of wood known 
along the Mississippi below, except beech and sycamore. At a point about 8 miles above the Falls of St. Anthony, west 
of the Mississippi, commences a large and remarkable forest, which extends to the south nearly at a right angle across the 
Minnesota, or St. Peter's River, to the branches of the Makalo, or Blue-earth River. This vast body of woodland is more 
than 120 miles in length and from 15 to 40 in breadth. Many beautiful lakes of limpid water arc found within its limits. 
In this fine country are to be found all the requisites to sustain a dense population. The soil is of great fertility and un- 
usual depth, covered as it is with the mold of a thousand years. The soil of Minnesota, indeed, is admirably adapted to 
the cultivation of all the cereal grains. Wheat, oats, and barley are safe crops, even as far north as the Red River setlle- 
ment on the British line. The country is destined to become a great agricultural region, and its prairies arc well calcu- 
Lnted for the raising of slock. There is also such an extent of water-power throughout its broad surface that no reason 
can be perceived why manufactures would not flourish also. The reports of those scientific men who have explored the 
country justify the belief that the territory is rich in copper ores, and also in galena or lead ores. Whether coal exists is a 
problem yet to be solved. If it should be found in any considerable quantities, the discovery will be of more real ad- 
vantage than the richest mines of silver and gold. 

On the upper portion of the Mississippi and St. Croix valleys lies the great region of pine which has been and will con- 
tinue to be a great source of wealth to the Territory and State for centuries to come. The manufacture of pine lumber 
already occupies a large part of the industrial labor of the people. Much of this is needed for home consumption, caused 
by the rapid increase of population, but the larger portion is sent to St. Louis, where it meets with a ready sale. The 
climate of Minnesota is not subject to sudden variations, cspeciallv in winter. Although in some years the snow falls to a 
4S2 



MINNESOTA. 



Counties. 


Dwell. 


Pop. 


inL'ili 


Kitat>. 


Capitnla. 


Benlon 


. . 71 . . 


. 41R . 


. 20 


.. 1 . 


. Sauk r.apids 


Dakotah . . . 


. . TS . . 


. 6S4 . 


. _ 




. Fort SncUing 




23 


. 1.53 . 


.SO 
. 4 


.. - . 




Mankatah.. 


.. 16 .. 


— 


Peoibiua... 


.. 1S3.. 


. 1,134 . 


.17 


.. - .. 


. Pembina 



j;rpat dcplh, yet, as a general rule, it is far loss than is experienced in New England or the northern part of the State of 
ilcw York. The comparative absence of moisture in ttie country is attributable, doubtless, to the fact that no very large 
bodies of water are to be found, although, as before stated, small lakes abound. Diu-ing the coldest weather in whiter the 
air is perfectly still ; consequently the weather is much more tolerable, and even pleasant, than could be supposed by those 
who reside in the same latitude on the Atlantic coast. The navigation of the Mississippi, however, is not to bo relied on 
after the first week in December, and steamboats arrive in the spring about the middle of April, so that the river may be 
considered as closed about five months in the year. 

Minnesota, in 1S50, according to the census of that year, was divided into nine counties, the general statistics of wluch 
and the capitals of each were as follows : 

Counties. Dwell Pop. ^"^'"'^ """';''• Capitals. 

■^ 111 cult, i^stab.- "^ 

Ramsey 3S4 ... 2,227 ... ID ....... St. Padx 

Wabashaw 55... 24.3... 8....... — 

Wahnahta 26... 160.. 5....... — 

Washington 161 .. . 1,056 ... 43 ... 4 .. . StiUwater 

The whole number of dwellings in the Tcrrritory was, at the above dale, 1,002, of families 1,016, and of inhabitants 
6,077, viz. : whites 6,03S — males 3,695, and females 2,34.3 ; and of free colored persons 39— males 21, and females IS. Of the 
whole population, there were deaf and dumb — wh. 0, fr. col. — total ; hlind — wh. 0, fr. col. — total ; insane — wh. 0, 
fr. col. — total 0; and idioilc~\\h. 1, fr. col. — total 1. The number of free persons bora in the United States was 
4,007 ; the number of foreign birth, 2,043 ; and the number of blrlh unknown, 22. The native population originated as 
follows : Maine 365, N. Hamp. 47, Verm. 100, Mass. 92, E. I. 3, Conn. 4S, N. York 4S8, N. Jer. 115, Penn. 227, Del. 8, Md. 
31, Dist. or Col. 3, Yirg. 59. N. Car. 6, S. Car. 4, Ga. 4, Flor. 0, Ala. 6, Miss. 0, La, 4, Tex. 0, Ark. 11, Tenn. 21, Ky. 71, 
Ohio 291, Mich. 41, Ind. 85, 111. 16S, Mo. 90, la. SI, Wise. 301, Calif. 1, and territories 7 ; and the foreign population was 
composed of persons from— England S4, Ireland 271, Scotland 39, Wales 3, Germany 141, France 29, Uolland 16, Spain 
1, Portugal 0, Belgium 1, Turkey 0, Italy 1, Austria 1, Switzerland 32, Russia 2, Norway 7, Denmark 1, Sweden 4, Prussia 
5, Sardinia 0, Greece 0, China 0, Asia 0, Africa 0, British America 1,417, Mexico 0, South America 0, Central America 0, 
West Indies 0, Sandwich Islands 0, other countries 4. 

The statistics of the wealth, industry, institutions, etc., of the Territory, according to the seventh census of the United 
States taken in 1S50, and other official returns referring to the same period of time, are as follows: 

Occupied Lands^ etc. — Improved farm lands 5,035 acres, and unimproved lands 23,846 acres, valued in cash at $161,948 ; 
number of farms under cuhivation, 157 ; value of farming implements and maehlnory, -$15,9S1. 

Li've-StocJc, — Uorses S60, asses and mules 14, milch cows 607, working oxen 655; other cattle 740, sheep SO, and swino 
734 — valued in the aggregate at .$92,S59. 

Animal Prodncts.—ViOoX S5 pounds, butter 1,100 pounds, cheese pounds; and the value of animals slaughtered 
during the year had been $2,S40. 

Grain and Food Crops. — Wheat 1,401 bushels, rje 125 bushels, Indian com 16,725 bushels, oats 3S,5S2 bushels, barley 
1,216 bushels, and buckwheat 515 bu.shels. Peas and beans were produced to the amoimt of 10,002 bushels, and potatoes 
—Irish 21,145 bushels, and sweet 200 bushels. 

J/iscella neons Cropa. — Hay 2,019 tons, maple sugar 2,950 pounds ; value of the produce of market gardens $150. 

Man ii/actures^ of course, can not be looked for in so young a community as that of Minnesota. According to the censns 
there were in the Territory only Jive industrial establishments producing to the value of $500 and ujiward annually. 
The commerce of the country is wholly carried on by means of steamboats navigating its rivers, and there is some over- 
land intcrcoiu-se maintained between the Pembina settlement on the Red River and the south-eastern towns, but to no 
great amount Regular steamers ply between St Louis and St Paul via Fevre River, etc, 

Oovernment.—The. government is based on the act of Congress constituting the Territory, passed 30th March, 1S49. 
This act gives the right of sufTrage to every free white male iidiabitant 21 years old, and who has taken an oath to 
support the Constitution of the United States and the act forming the Constitution of the Territor}'. All electors are 
eligible to be elected. 

The Legidature consists of a Council and House of Representatives. The Council has 9 members elected in districts 
by a plurality of votes, fur two years, and the House 13 members elected for one year. The legislature may increase the 
number of councilors to 15, and the number of representatives to 39. Members of either body must reside in their district, 
and every district shall be represented according to its population after deducting Indians, No session of the Legislative 
Assembly shall exceed sixty days. No law shall be passed interfering with the primary disposal of the soil ; no tax shall 
be imposed on the property of the United States; nor shall the property of non-residents be taxed higher than that of 
residents. All laws shall be submitted to Congress, and if disapproved shall be null. 

The Governor is appointed by the Pnrsident and Senate for four years, and until his successor be appointed and 
qualified, unless sooner removed by the President He is ex-officin superintendent of Indian afl:tirs, and commander-in- 
chief of the militia. He may grant pardons for ofTenses against territorial laws, and reprieve, until the decision of the 
President be known, for offenses against the laws of the United States. His veto may be defeated by a subsequent two- 
third vote of the Legislative Assembly. The Secretary of the Territory, whose mode of appointment and tenure of 
office, is the same as the Governor's, would assume his functions in case of his absence, or the vacation of his office. 

The judiciary consists of a Supreme Coiu-t, District Courts, etc. The Supreme Court consists of a Chief Justice and 
two associates, appointed by the President and the Senate for four years, any two of whom constitute a quorum, and hold 
an annual term at the seat of government The Territory is divided into three districts, in each of which one of the three 
justices reside, and hold a District Court, having the jurisdiction of the United States District and Circuit Courts in all 
cases arising under the laws or constitution of the United States, for jury trials, subject to appeal to the Supremo Court, in 
which issues at law only are heard. From the Supreme Court writs of error and appeals lie to the Supreme Court of the 
United Stales (as from a Circuit Court), where the matter in dispute exceeds in value $1,000. Itoili the District and 
Supreme Courts possess chancery powers. Justices of the peace have no jurisdiction where the title or Ixiimdarics of 
land are in dispute, or where the sura claimed exceeds $100. An attorney and marshal of the Territory are appointed by 
the President and Senate for four years. Inhabitants of the Territory are secured all the rights heretofore granted to the 

483 



MIN 



ras 



inhabitants of 'Wisconsin, and the laws of "Wisconsin, at the date of its admission as a State, so far as compatible With the 
present organization, until repealed or modified. A delegate to the llouse of Ecprcsentatives in Congress is chosen by a 
phirality of votes for two years, 

Thc^fta7ici(d condition of the Territory is exhibited in the official reports to the 1st January, 1S53 : Territorial taxes 
for 1S50, collected $561 41, and delinquent $271 OS, or a total of $S32 49 : territorial taxes for 1S51, due. etc.. $1.'2S2 Si- 
making a total revenue for ]S5l) and "51 amounting to $2,114 80. Warrants drawn on the Treasurj-, in 1S50, $1,1S1 50, 
and in 1S51 $350— total for the two years $2,031 60. Excess of revenue, including unpaid tax, $S3 80. 

The militia force of Minnesota, in 1550. consisted of 2,008 men of all arms, of which 7 were commissioned officers, and 
1,99G non-commissioned officers, musicians, artificers, and privates. Of the commissioned officers 2 were general officers, 
and 5 general staff officers. 

Educatiwi. — Schools are established in the more thickly populated sections, and are supported chiefly by local tax. 
The Uuited States Government appropriates also $12,000 to the purposes of education. Two sections uf the land from 
every township are reserved for the support of schools— in the older settled States only one section in each town was thus 
set apart. Congress also appropriated $20,000 for a public library. 

Religious Denominutimis. — The census of 1S50 does not record any tiling respecting the denominations in this 
Territory. The following are from the annual reports of the several churches: The Koman Catholics, in 1S53, had 7 
chiu-ches, and 10 clergymen, chiefly employed on missions. The Territory was erected into the Koman Catholic diocese 
of St Paul, on the 2Sth June, 1S50. The Episcopalians have a church at St. Paul, and several others in different parts, 
and are under a missionary bishop. The Methodists and Baptists have also congregations, and perhaps number larger 
than any of the other sects, but it seems that the newness of the settlements, or distance from the central establishments, 
has prevented the usual reports being sent in. So little, indee<l, is kno^vn of the religious condition of the people of 
Minnesota, that it were perhaps better to advance no opinion on the subject until reliable information can be obtained. 

Nor is there any definite information respecting the public press. The census is silent on this point, but there are at St. 
Paid at least two newspapers, and others may or may not be published elsewhere. Nor have any records of crime and 
pauperism as yet been published. 

Historical Sk€t<:h. — Previous to Minnesota being erected into a Territory by the Act of Congress of 3d March, 1S49. that 
portion of it east of the Mississippi lliver formed a part of 'Wisconsin Territory, and that west of that river a part of Iowa 
Territory. The Territory derives its name from mijuii-sntith, the Indian name for St. Peter's Kiver — minni in their lan- 
guage meaning "water," and mtiih "nuiddy or slightly turbid." The country originally belonged to the French by 
priority of discovery. At an early jieriod their trailers, nussionaries, and soldiers had penetrated into the western wilder- 
ness. The United States h.id little authority in this region until 1S12. In 1S16 a law of Congress excluded foreigners 
from the Indian trade, and for the encouragement of our o^^-n citizens the military post at Fort Snelling was established in 
1319. Among the exjilorers of this country the names of Carver, Pike, Cass, Long, Beltrami, Schoolcraft, Kicollet, Owen, 
etc, will ever be intimately connected with its history. Tlie honor of verifying the sources of the Mississippi belongs to 
Schoolcraft. The Territorial Government was organized by Governor Ilamsey. The first legislature, which adjourned 
after a session of 60 days on the 1st November, 1S49, was chiefly employed in consolidating the government and dividing 
the Territory into suitable civil districts, and appointing civil officers to enforce the laws. Among its most important acts 
■were those establishing the judiciary, a school system, and relative to the improvements of the roads. AU these will have 
a paramount influence over the future destiny of the country. Perhaps one of the most humane and politic acts of the 
■ legislature Mas the admission to citizenship of " all persons of a mixture of white and Indian blood who shall liave 
adopted the habits and customs of civilized men;" and not less politic is that law which requires the establishment <)f 
schools throughout the Territory. The act of the General Government, erecting the Territory, appropriates two seciions 
in every township fur the support of common schools. No other State had previously received more than one section in 
each township for such purpose. In June, 1S49, the citizen population numbered 4,7S0 ; in June, 1S50, it had increased 
to 6,077— a fact which speaks well for the future progress of this rising Territory. 

'' Congress may hereafter divide said Territory, or annex any portion of it to another State or Territory. — Act of 
Co7i(/resSy Zd March, 1S49. 

St. Paul, on the left bank of the Mississippi Eiver, is the political capital of the Territory. 



MiNOT, t. and p. o., Cumberland county, Jfe. : SI m. 
S. "W. by W. Augusta. Brained by Little Androscoggin r. 
and its branches, which aff"ord excellent hydraulic power. 
Surface diversified; soil fertile, and well cullivated. The 
inhabitants are chiefly cm[)!oyed in agricultural pursuits. 
There are a number of mills here, and it is important for its 
manufactories. The v. of ^'est Minot is in the N. W. p.nrt 
of the t., on a branch of the Little Androscoggin r. and rm 
the line of the Euckficld Branch R. R. (which crosses the 
W. part of the t.) 9 m. from Buckflold. Pop. of the t. 1,734. 

MiNSTEii, p. v., Auglaize co., Ohio: on the Miami Canal, 
122 m. N. Cincinnati, and 63 m. W. N. "W. Columbus. 

MiNSi Sacaigomng, or Millk Lacs, Minn. : a circular 
lake lying in Ramsay and bordering on Washington County 
79 m. N. St. Paul, Its principal outlet is Paim r. on the S., 
which empties into the Mississippi. 

MixTONSviLLE, p. V., Gatcs CO., y. Car. : 12S m. E. N. E. 
Raleigh. 

Mint Sprino, p. o., Augusta co,, Virff. : 95 m. TT. N. W. 
Richmond. 

MiRABiLE, p. 0,, Caldwell county, 3fo. : 125 m, N. "W. 
Jefferson Cfly. 

MiRAJinA, p. v., Rowan co., X. Car.: 108 m. W. by S. 
Raleigh, 

484 



MiniCKTiLLE, p. 0., Bristol co., Mass. : 35 m. S. Boston. 

Misery river, Mieh. : rises in a pond in the "W. pari of 
Houghton County, flows N. W., and empties into Lake 
Superior. 

MisHAWAKA, p. v., St J6scph CO., In<7. : on the line of 
the NorUiern Indiana E, K., and on the S, side of tlie St. 
Joseph's r., 131 m. N. Indianapolis. 

MismcoiT, p. v., Manitouwoc co., Wi6C.: "W. side of 
East Twin r., 121 m. N. E. Madison. 

MispiuoN, hundred, Kent co., Del. : between Mispilion 
and Mother Kill creeks, which Qow into Delaware Bay, 
13 m. S. Dover. Area, 72.530. It contains several stores, 
mills, and manufactories, and a number of mechanic shops. 

MispiuoN creek, iJel : rises in the N. part of Sussex 
CO., flowing N. E. divides it from Kent, and empties into 
Delaware Bay. 

Missionary Statiox, p. v„ Floyd co., Ga.: on the N. 
side of Coosa r, 157 m. N. W, by W. Milledgeville. 

Missaukee county, Mic/i. Situate N. centrally on Lower 
Peninsula, and contains 576 sq. m. Drained by branches 
of Manistee aiul Maskegon rivers, which flow into Lake 
Michigan. Cnorganized. 

Mission Poi.nt, p. o.. La Salle co., III. : 1-00 m. N. N. E. 
Springlleld. 



MIS 



MIS 



Mission San Josk, p. o., Contra Cosia co., Calif. : -lo in. 
S. Valiejo. 

MissisQUB bay, Term. : a Inr^e sheet of water, an arm of 
Lake Cliaiuplain. extcinling: into Canada, bitwecn Swanton 
and Hiehirato K., and Albany W. On the Canada line its 
width is alKiut5 in., and exlcnils N. the same distance. It 
covers an area of 8'f square miles. Several streams flow 
into it. the principal of which is the one so calkil. 

Wiss,is(iUF, river, Venn.: this crooked river rises in the 
hilly part of Lowell, Hows N. throniih Westaild ami Troy 
into Canaila, where it receives a large stream from the 
N. E. ; runnina; W. several miles, it returns into Vermont 
through liichlbrd, and after a westerly course llirougli Berk- 
shire. En"sl>urg, Sheldon, Ilii^ligate, and Swanton, returns 
N. into Hi^hi^^ate, and empties into Mis^isque Bay. Lake 
Champlain, at Ilidisrule, near the Canada line. At Knos- 
burj; it receives Trout r., besides which IJlack or. and Tay- 



lor's Lninch are its inon important tribularic?, affording a 
number of valuable mill-sites. Its Ieng:th, including wind- 
ings, is about 75 miles. It has a number of falls in its course. 
Navigable for vessels of 5U tons burden to Swanton Falls, 
distant G m., where there is extensive hydraulic power. 

MississiNAWA, t. and p. o., Darke co., Ohio: 91 ra. 
W. by N. Columbus. Drained by Mississinawa r. Surface 
level ; soil fertile, adai)ted to grain. Danemora v. is in the 
E. part of the t. on Mississinawa r. Pop. of t. 3TS. 

M1SSIS.SINAWA river. Jml. : rises in W. part of Darke co., 
Ohio, flowing in a N. W. course into Indiana, passes through 
the counties of Randolph, Delaware, Grant, and "Wabash, 
and empties into the Wabash river, in Miami co., a short 
distance below Peru. It forms one of the principal trilni- 
laries of the Waliash river. lis upper parts furnish good 
mill-seals, and ils lower Is navigable at high water for boats 
of 10 tons burden. 



THE STATE OF MISSISSIPPI. 

Missresrrpi is Iinumled on llie norlli hy Tennessee, on the cast by Alabama, on the sonlh by Ibe Gulf of Mexico and 
Louisiana, and on llic west liy Pearl and Mississippi rivers, which sep.arato it from Louisiana and Arkansas. Like 
Alabama, it lias a narrow strip of lanil about 90 miles long aud 50 miles wide, south of the mairj body of the State to the 
Gnlf of MeNioo. Independently of this tr.aet. it lies l)etwecn 81° and 3S° latitudes north, and extends from SS° 13' to 
91° 36' lonsiludes west from Greenwich, or 11° lo' anil 14° 'H' from Washington. In the nortli. tlie width is about 116 
miles, but it expands pretty resularly to ISO miles in the south, aud ils length, exclusive of the strip above mentioned, is 
about are miles, comprising an area of 47.166 square miles. 

The surface of Mississippi has a general slope to the south-west and to the south, as appears from the course of the 
rivers ; but a small section semis off its w.aters to the south-east. There are no mountains within the limits of the State, 
vet numerous ranges of hills of moderate elevation give to the greater part of the surface an undulating and diversified 
character; some of these eminences terminate abruptly upon a level plain, or upon the banks of a river, and bear the 
names of blulTs or river hills. The western border on the Mississippi is an extensive region of swamps ; and between the 
Mi.ssissippi and Yazoo there is a tract of 170 miles in length by 50 in width, with an area of nearly 7,000 square mUes 
annually overflowed. "The broad and extensive low grounds or flats, between Memphis and Vicksbnrg, are subject to 
frequent inundations to the depth of many feet, and a width of from 10 to 30, an.l even occasionally 30 miles. Much of 
the surface is occupied by swamps, morasses, l.agoons, sla.shes, etc., through wd)ieh the T.tzoo Elver has ils course; the 
whole of wdiich, from the junction of the Cold Water aud Tallahalehee rivers, lies between this valley region. From the 
circuuislanccs already detailed, this extensive tract has been denominated liy some the Jlississippi, and by ethers the 
Yazoo Swamp. During the prev.alence of high flrxids, it assumes the character of a marine forest ratlur than that of a 
woodland bottom." The south-eastern counties are generally low, hut have an undulating surface ; and the southern pari 
of the Stale, generally for about lliO miles from the Gidf of Mexico, is mostly a sandy level country, covered with a pine 
forest, interspersed with cypress swamps, prairies, water-marshes, and a few hills of slight elevation. 

Every portion of the Shite is well waU-red : clear and running streams penetrate it in every direction, and ils rivers are 
numerous and wi.lc-spreading. The Tennessee Kiver laves the north-eastern corner, and the Tombigbee, which rises in this 
section, has been navigated bv steamboats to Aberdeen, in Monroe County. The Mississippi washes the wliole western border 
for a distance, by the'eircuitous course of its channel, of 630 miles, but in a straight line of not half Uiat distance. Froin 
Memphis, just aixive the northern frontier of Missi.'^ippi, to Vicksburg. a distance of ^ll miles, the uplands or river hills are 
separated from the river by inundated bottoms of greater or less width, an.l afford no site suitable for a port ; below 
Vicksburg, the only eligible port is Natchez, 100 miles south, and below this point there is no bank of much magnitude 
above the reach of high water till wo come to ISaton Rouge, in Louisiana. The Mississippi, however, receives several 
considerable streams from the most valuable part of the State. The Yazoo is formed by the junction of the Yallaliusha 
and Tallahatchee, which rise in the northern part of the State, near the head waters of the Tombigbee, and flows into 
the Mississippi 12 miles above Vicksburg, after a course of 200 miles, 50 miles of which are navigable for large boats. 
Big Black Kiver is next in'pointof size, and enters the Mississippi immediately above Grand Gulf by a mouth 40 yards 
■wide. Its length is 200 miles, and it is navigated by steamboats for 50 miles. The Bayou Pierre and the Homoehilto are 
the other principal tributaries of the Mississippi from this State ; the latter enters the Mississippi +3 miles below Natchez. 
The other rivers have a southerly course to the Gulf of Mexico and the lagoons connected with it. The Amiti6 has but 
a small part of its course in Mississippi. The Pearl liiver rises near tlie centre of the State, and flows through a fertile 
ami populous region into the Kigolets, or outlet of Lake Ponlchartrain. Below 31° north latitude it divides the Slate from 
Louisiana, and has been navigated by steandioats to -lackson. The Pascagoula waters the south-eastern section. It la 
formed bv the confluence of The Chiekasawha and Leaf rivers, and empties into the sound of the same name. It is 
navigable" for 50 miles for vessels of C feet draft of water, and for boats 100 miles farther, but the bay at its mouth has only 
4 feet of water. . . 

The coast, which ex-tends along the Gulf of Jlexico for about 60 miles, has no harbors except those of Mississippi City 
and Shieldsboro', which, however, do not admit large vessels. A chain of low sand islands, six or seven miles Ironi the 
shore, inclose several bays or sounds, the largestof which are P.ascagoula Sound and Lake Borgne. Ship and C at islands 
are eligible stations for ocean steamers. The ports on the Mississippi are Vicksburg, Grand Gulf, and Natchez. 

The upper portion of Ihe State is generally known as North Mississippi, though the region thus designated includes a 
portion only of the north. This section of the State (the Chickasaw cession) came into market and cultivation some 
flftecn years ago. The surface of the grouml is rather rolling, but generally is very clean: \m an open cliaiupaign 
appearance, and is beautifully wooded with oak, hickory, etc.. devoid of undergrowth. The "P'auds I'roducc very 
abundantly, but the substratum of the country being sandy, they are soon ruined by the heavy rams. he valley lands, 
as they arc termed, arc much more durable, the soil being heavier and darker, and arc highly productive; but Uicy are 



485 



MISSISSIPPI. 



liable to be and frequently are submerged, acres at a time, under billows of sand washed from the uplands during heavy 
freshets. Cotton has hitherto been the staple product. The chief outlet of this region is by wagons to Memphis. Another 
section of North Mississippi is called the " Prairie," or " Torabigbee" country, covering the north-east part of the State, 
and sweeping far down on the Alabama liue. This country is uniformly level, with scarcely a tree, covered by rank 
grass, dotted sometimes with pools and marshes, and intersected by dull, sluggish branches. The soil is a dark, he:ivy 
loam, coal-black, and of surprising strength and fertility. The mold is dilferent from that of Lower Loviisiaua in this, 
that it is more of an original and k-ss of a depository character; and also in being thick and highly adhesive, instead of 
light and ashy, as the former. It is also corrosive and deeply impregnated with lime — strong and ajjparently incx- 
hausUble. The crop is and ever will be cotton, of which the yield is abundant Corn also yields profusely. This region, 
though lying by the Chickasaw counties, finds its market at Mobile by means of the Tombigbee Kiver princip;dly. The 
border eounlies, down the Alabama line, change from the prairie and partake more of the character of the Chickasaw 
lands. It is a beautiful and healthy range of counties, finely watered, and produces cotton and the lighter grains. A 
large portion of the State is known as East Mississippi, which really includes the south-east and part of the southern 
sectiODs. Though one of the oldest, it is one of tho thinnest settled parla of the Stale. The character of the land is mixed 
— some poor and some very rich; broken hills and ft-rtile valleys. Cotton is produced, but to no great extent; com and 
email grain abundantly, and sometimes rice ; it is also famous for its cattle. Indeed, the region possesses many of the 
pleasant characteristics of a pastoral country. The natural market of this section is Mobile, although a small portion of 
its trade is done at Jackson, and some of it seeks New Orleans by way of Pearl liiver. The portion of the Stale border- 
ing on the sea-shore, with its bathing, fish, oysters, and pleasant summer retreats, is well known to the dust-covered 
denizens of New Orleans, and is becoming to the South what Newport and Cape May are to the North. Back from tho 
eea-coast is generally a sandy, broken tract, covered by quantities of fine pine, which is now being worked off" tho land 
for timber and naval stores. The south-west and coimtry above it is the oldest settled portion of the Slate; the soil is 
rich, and the population wealthy. Commencing some 50 miles below the mouth of the Yazoo River, inclining to the 
Interior for about 100 miles in a line gently circling northward up through the centre, then diverging to the north-west to 
a point below Memphis, is to be found as noble a sweep of countrj' as any in the world. It is washed by the Mississippi 
from Memphis to Vicksburg, and is intersected by the Yazoo, its head waters and tributaries, throughout its greatest 
extent The facilities for market are unequaled. The Yazoo liiver running through nearly its whole extent, is an 
excellent stream, affording steam navigation as high as the south-west corner of Marshall County, The soil is of a most 
productive character, being, as it is called, swamp land. It possesses all the strength of the prairie lands without their 
adhesive and corrosive nature. This region has but recently come into cultivation, it having hitherto been considt-red 
damp and unhealthy; but this idea experience has much modified. One drawback on these lands, however, is their 
liability to overflow from freshets in the Mississippi Elver. The section last spoken of embraces the counties of Yazo^>, 
Sunflower, ■Washington, Bolivar, Coahoma, Tunica, Tallahatchie, and a portion of De Soto, Panola, Yallabusha, Carroll, 
and Holmes, ami is generally known as the region of the " Eiver Counties." [Several valuable articles on the topography 
etc., of Mississippi will be found in " De Bole's Industrial Jiesources^" cte.y volume II.] 
Mississippi is divided into 59 counties, the general statistics of which in 1S50 were as follows : 



NORTITEEN inSSISSIPPI— ^TWENTY-THEEE COTTNTHS. 



Counties. Dwell 

Attala l,4;n.. 

Bolivar 95.. 

CarroU 1,441... 

Chickasaw... 1,(U7.. 

Choctaw 1,405... 

Coahoma.... 2G0... 

DeSoto 1,644... 

Itawamba 1,855 . . . 

Lafiiyette 1.3S-2.., 

liOwndcs 1,163. .. 

Marshall 2,306.., 

Monroe 1,576... 

Co'iiities. Dwell. 

Adams 900.. 

Amit6 GGO.. 

Claiborne 659. . 

Clark 631.. 

Copiah 1,148.. 

Covington S4S. . 

Franklin 44T. . 

Greene '2X1.. 

TTaneock 492. 

Harrison 727.. 

Hinds 1,656., 

Holmes 995., 

Issaquena 110.. 

Jackson 440 . 

Jasper 674. 

Jefferson 514. 

Jones 819, 

Kemper 1,249. 

4S6 



Pop. 


FnriBs. 
in cult. 


ivi™i.f. 
Estab. 


Capitill3. 


Counties. 


I>»ell. 


Pop. 


Farms, 
in nilt. 


It.-WI 

K-fal' 


'■ r„„,„„.. 


.10,999. 


.1,336. 


.44.. 


.Kosciiisko 


Noxubee,... 


.. 9,57. 


..10,299. 


.. 676 


...81. 


...Macon 


. 2,577. 


. 57. 


. 0... 


.Bolivar 


Oktibbeha.. 


. 744. 


.. 9,171. 


.. 660. 


...13. 


... Stark ville 


.18,491.. 


. 986. 


.4.1... 


.CarroUtoa 


Panola 


. 891. 


..11,444. 


. 618. 


... 0. 


...Panola 


.IGj-WiS.. 


.1,167. 


.29... 


.Houston 


Pontotoe.... 


.2,001. 


.17,112. 


.1,24.9. 


...82. 


..Pontotoc 


.19,042.. 


.1,132. 


.17... 


.Greensboro' 


Sunflower . . 


. 75. 


. 1,102. 


. 43. 


... 0. 


..M-Nutt 


. 2,780.. 


. 161. 


. 0... 


.Delta 


T.allahatchie 


. S63. 


..4,643. 


. 282. 


... 0. 


. . . Charleston 


.19,042. . 


.1,257. 


.38... 


.Hernando 


Tippah 


.2,655. 


.20,741. 


.1,890. 


...26. 


. . Ripley 


.13,528.. 


.1,499. 


.16... 


.FuUon 


Tishemingo 


.2,201. 


.15.490. 


.1,247. 


...16. 


...Jacinto 


.14,009. 


.1,044. 


.49... 


.Oxford 


Tunica 


. 78. 


. 1,.314. 


. 41. 


.. 0. 


..Austin 


.19.S44. . 


. 725. 


.03... 


. Columbus 


Winston 


. 806. 


. 7,950. 


. 551. 


..18. 


..Louisville 


.29,6S9,. 


.1,011. 


.54... 


.HoUy Springs 


Yallabusha. 


.1,491. 


.17,258. 


. S72. 


...32. 


..CoffeevUle 


.21,172.. 


. 843. 


.13... 


.Athens 


















SOUTHEKN MlSSISSirpI- 


-TinETT-SIX OOITNTIES 










Pop. 


Farma 
in cult 


Jt.nur. 
Estiib. 


Capitals. 


Counties. 


D»ell. 


Pop. 


Farms 
in cult. 


Manuf. 
£&tab. 


Capitals. 


.18,622. 


...136. 


..15.. 


..Natchez 


Lauderdale. . 


.1,008. . 


. S,71T.. 


..922.. 


..81.. 


.Marion 


. . 9.094. 


...510. 


.. 1. 


..Liberty 


Lawrence . . . 


. 613.. 


. 6,478.. 


..458.. 


..12.. 


.Monticcllo 


..14,941. 


....310. 


..19. 


..Port Gibson 


Lealie 


. 685.. 


. 5,5.33.. 


..4.37.. 


.. 4.. 


.Carthage 


. 5,477. 


...500. 


.. T.. 


..Quitman 


Madison 


. 767.. 


.18,173. . 


..552.. 


..10.. 


.Canton 


.11,794. 


...9.M. 


..2t.. 


..Gallatin 


Marion 


. 377.. 


. 4,410.. 


..322.. 


. 7.. 


.Columbia 


.. 3,3.'?8. 


...272. 


.. 5. 


..Williamsbg. 


Neshoba... . 


. 545.. 


. 4,728.. 


..420.. 


.. 0.. 


.Philadelphia 


.. 5,904. 


...380. 


.. 5. 


. .Meadville 


Newton 


5S6.. 


. 4,465.. 


..850.. 


.. C. 


.Decatur 


. 2,018. 


... 93. 


.. 0.. 


..Leakvillo 


Perry 


265.. 


. 2,438.. 


..131.. 


. 0.. 


..\ngu3ta 


.. 3,672. 


... 77. 


..11. 


..Shieldsboro' 


Pike 


69S. . 


. 7,360.. 


..558.. 


.19.. 


.Holmcsville 


. 4.875. 


.. 84. 


..19.. 


..Missi?sip. C. 


Rankin 


. 69S.. 


. 7,227.. 


..420.. 


. 5.. 


. Brandon 


..25,340. 


...852. 


.. 3,. 


..Jackson 


Scott 


. 422.. 


. 8.961.. 


..257.. 


.14.. 


.Hillsboro' 


.18,928. 


..640. 


..21.. 


..Lexington 


Simpson 


520.. 


. 4,7.34.. 


..451.. 


. 8.. 


.Westville 


.. 4,473. 


... 76. 


.. 0.. 


..Tallulah 


Smith 


,11.5.. 


. 4,071.. 


..425.. 


. S... 


.Raleigh 


. 3,196. 


..212. 


.. S.. 


. .Jackson C.H. 


Warren 


1,230.. 


.18,121.. 


..435.. 


.25.. 


.Yicksburg 


. 6,184. 


..540. 


.. 9.. 


..Paulding 


Washington 


. 126.. 


. 8,-389.. 


..109.. 


. 0.. 


.Greenville 


.18,193. 


..239.. 


. . 1 . . 


. .F.ayette 


Wayne 


. 281.. 


. 2,892.. 


..102.. 


. 0.. 


.Winchester 


. 2.164. 


..274. 


.. 0.. 


..Kllisvillo 


Wilkinson . . 


. 730.. 


.10,914.. 


..404.. 


.18.. 


.WoodvillB 


.12,517. 


..730. 


.. 1.. 


..DeKalb 


Yazoo 


. 935.. 


.14,418.. 


..461.. 


.17.. 


.Bentoa 



mssissippi. 



The whole number of dwellingrs in the Slate waa, at the above date, 51,6Sl, of families 52,107, and of inhabitants 600,565, 
viz. ; whites 295,755— males 15S.'260, and females 13!),-19S, free colored Ss9 — mali-s 473, and females 426 ; slaves 3ull,89S. 

Of the whole population, there were deufand diimh—wh. SI, fr. col. 1, si. 26— total lOS ; hlind—wh. 1.30, fr. col. 1, si. 86 

total 217 ; inmne—vh. 127. fr. col. 0, si. 22— total 149 ; and idiotic— \vh. 141, fr. col. 5, si. 64— total 210. The number of 
free persons born in the United States was 291,114 ; the number of foreign birth 4,95S, and of birth unknown 576 ; the 
native population originated as follows : Maine 139, N. Ilainp. 100, Verm. 141, Mass. a39, E. I. 62, Conn. 242, N. Tork 
952, N. Jer. 221, Penn. 9S1, Del. 67, Md. 791, Dist. of Col. 93, Virg. 40,777, N. Car. 17,1109, S. Car. 2,919, Oa. 1,254, Flor. 
67, Ala. 2,1167, Mississippi 140,SS5, La. 2.557, Tex. 139, Ark. 466, Tcnn. 27,4:39, Ky. 3,94S, Ohio 564, Mich, lol, lud. 41S, 
111. 311, Mo. 80.3, la. 7, "Wise. 4, Calif. 1, Territories 5; and the yi/mt/w population was comi)Osed of persons from — 
England 593, Ireland 1,92S, Scotland 317, W-ales 10, Germany 1,064, France 440, Spain 49, rortug.aI 2, Belgium 8, Ilolland 
S, Italy 121, Austria 16, Switzerland 41, Russia 9, Denmark 24, Norway 8, Sweden 14, Prussia 71, Asia 2, Africa 6, 
British America 79, Mexico 13, Central America 1, SotUh America 4, West hulies 25, and other countries 110. 

The following t.ible will show the decennial progress of the population suice the first census of the State, taken by the 
United States authorities in ISOO : 

Coloreil Persona. necniiiiO Increase. 



Foi)'il.\lion. 


Nurii-riial. 


Per cenL 


8,S.')0 . . . 


— ... 


.. — 


40,352 .... 


.. 31,602 ... 


. . 865.9 


75,448 . . . 


. . 35,096 


.. 86.9 


136,621 . . . 


.. 61.173 ... 


.. St.O 


37,5,651 ... 


. . 239,030 . . . 


. . 175.1 


606,555 ... 


.. 2.30,904 ... 


.. 61.4 



Census ^Vliite , 

Y«r?tr. Persona. Free. Slave. Tol.il. 

ISOO 5,170 1^2 S,4S9 3,1171 

ISIO 2;?.'>24 240 17.0S8 17,S-^S 

1S20 42.176 45S 3-2.814 83,272 

1S3(> 70,44:i 519 65,039 GO.US 

ls40 17D,074 1,366 195,211 100,577 

1S50 295,753 899 809,893 310,797 

Tbo stiitistics of the wealth, industry, and inslitutious of the State, as exliibilcd by the seventh census of the "United 
States, taken in 1S50, are as follows: 

Occupied Lands, etc. — Improved farm lands, 3,444.359 acres, and unimproved lands, 7,04G,0G1 acres— valued together 
at $54,7oS,C34. Total number of farms under ciiltivalion 1st June, 1S50, 33,960 ; in the Northern District, 19,S51 ; aud in 
the Southern District, 14,109. Value of farming implements and machinery, $5,7(52,927. 

JJv('-Stoek.—lUir?.c9, 115,460; asaes and mules, 54,547; milch cows, 214.231; working oxen, S3.4S5 ; other cattle, 
436,254 ; slieep, 304,929 ; and swine. 1,5S2,7;34— valued in the aggregate at $19,403,662. According to the census of IS-IO, 
there were in the State at that date, 109,227 horses, mules, etc. ; 623,197 neat cattle of all kinds ; 123,367 sheep; and 
1,001,209 sheep. 

Products of Animal ft. — "Wool, 559,619 (in 1340,175.196) pounds; butter, 4,346,231 pmmds ; cheese, 21,191 pounds; and 
the value of animals slaughtered in the year was $3,036,532. The quantity of beeswax and honey produced was 397,460 
pounds. 

Grain Crops. — Wheat, 137.990 bushels; rye, 9,606 bushels; Indian com, 22,446,552 bushels; oats, 1,503,23? bushels; 
barley, 229 bushels, and buckwheat, 1,121 busht-ls. The crops of the several grains, according to the census of 1S40, were 
— wheat, 196,620 busht'ls; rye, 11,444 bushels; Indian corn, 13,161,237 bushels; oats, 663,624 bushels ; barley,l,6&i bushels; 
and buckwheat, 61 bushels. 

Ot/n-r Food Crop-s.^Uice, 2,719,356 bushels ; peas and beans, 1,072.757 ; potatoes— Irish, 261,433, and sweet, 4,741,795 
bushels. The rice crop, accordmg to the returns of 1340, amounted to 777,195 pounds; and the crop of potatoes to 
1,630,100 bushels. 

Miscdlaneom (>ops.— Tobacco, 49,960 (in 1340, 83,470) pounds; ginned cotton, 434,293 hales of 400 pounds (in 1S40, 
193,401,577 pounds); hay, 12,505 (in 1340, 171) tons; clover-seed, 34 bushels; other gras.«-seed, 533 bushels; hops, 473 
pounds; hemp — dew-rotted. 7 tons, and water-rotted, tons; flax, 665 tons; flax-seed, 26 bushels; silk cocoons, 2 pounds ; 
sugar— maple, pounds, and cane, 333 hogsheads of 1,000 pounds ; molasses, 1S,31S gallons ; wrne, 407 gallons, etc. ; value 
of orchard prmlucts, $50,405. and of market-garden products, $46,250. 

The table annexed exhibits the absolute and relative differeuce in the chief crops, as ascertained under the censuses 
of 1340 and 1350 : 

Staples. I8J0. 1850. MftvemenL 

"Wool 175,196 pounds 559.619 pounds incr. 334,423 pounds, or 219.4 per cent 

Indian Corn 13.1 6 1.2.".7 bushels 22.440,552 bushels nw. 9,235.315 bushels, or 7n.5 " 

Eice 777.195 jiourids 2,719,s50 pounds iner. 1,942.661 pounds, or 249.9 " 

Tobacco 83.471 " 49,960 " d^cr. 33,511 " or 40.1 " 

Cotton 193,401,577 " 193,717.200 " incr. 315,623 « or 0.16 " 

Sugar 77 *' 883,000 " incr. 337,923 " or 503.796.1 " 

Thus it would appear tliat of all the staples, except tobacco and ctton, the ratio of increase has been immeasiu-alily ahead 
of the ratio of the increase of tin? population. Cotton has almost exactly kept iU absolute status, which, in fact, is a relative 
decline in the production of the staple; andifithatl incrt'ast-d in like pro}Rirtinii with the population, the crop should have 
been about 822,350,000 pounds. This result in the crop of 1350 is accounIf<l for l)y the terrible inundations of the Mississip- 
pi in 1S49, and may in part be set down to drafting of labor to other fields ; the decline, however, is not permauL-ut, 

Ilfmifi-made Manvfactures for the year ending 1st June, 1350, were valued at $1,164,020. The same denomination of 
manufactures in 1339-40, according to the census of the latter year, were valued at $682,945. 

Ma7mfacture.s.—Hoi&\ capit:il invested $0,0oo,000 ; value of all raw material, fuel, etc., consumed, $0,000,000 ; average 
number of hands employed, 00,000— males 00,000, and femaU-s 0,000 ; avi-rage monthly cost of labor, $000,000— male 
$000,000, and female $00,000 ; value of manufactures produced in the oflicial yi-ar, $0,000,000. Amount of capital invested 
in manufactures in 1340, $1,797,722. The whole number of industrial est^tblishments in the State, producing to the value 
of $.500 and upward on llie 1st June, 1350, was 866— in the northern district 536, and in the southern district 330, and dis- 
tributed to the counties, as shown in the general table. Of the whole number, 2 were cotton factories, 92 tanneries, and 8 
forges, besides which there are several machine-shops, carriage factories, etc. ; but the greater part of the capital invested 
is in grist and saw mills, and other establishments usual in an agricultural country. 

Capital employed in the cottcni ■)nannfacture,^i%mii; annual consumjilion of cotton. 430 bales, valued at $21,500; 
hands employed, 86 ; monthly cost of labor, $371 ; annual products, 171,000 pounds yarn ; value of eulire products, $30,500. 

4ST 



MISSISSIPPI. 



Capital invL'sted in the iron 7iiartu/uctn/-e, $100,000; material consumcil in the yi,ar— pi<; iron 1.197 tons, rniueral coal 
248 tons, and coko and charcoal 9:;.0li0 bushels— valued together at $30.;JTU; hands employed, ll'^i; average wages per 
month, $37 91 ; castings made, 924 tons; total vnUic oi' products, $117,400. 

Capital .nvested in tajtnerie^, ^l-iD,G\6; value of all raw material, $111,474; hands employed, 2G9 ; monthly cost of 
labor, $4.949 ; skins tanned 9,130, and sides thinned 104,G:J0 ; value of products, $2'29,407. 

InUrnal (WjwwHicafioH.— Mississippi has hitherto been most miserably provided with the means of intercommmiica- 
tion ; and liad it not been that nature had given it highways in the form of navigable rivers, its great and fertile interior 
must have remained a wilderness in the midst of thriving po}>ulations. Its present condition, even, is little removed from 
such abnormal usolessness. Excepting its ordinary roads, which, however, are none of the best, the genius of modern 
times had done little or nothing to facilitate its access to the markets. True, it has not been backward in projects, yet 
none but in the single instance of the Vicksburg, Brandon, and Jackson llailroad has been brought to fruition. Here, 
then, is the present condition of the commercial avenues of the Slate. ltd prospects for the future are more encour.nging. 
There are now in progress the Mobile and Ohio liailroad, and the New Orleans, Jackson, and Northern Kailroad 
traversing the Stale north and south, and forming in Mississippi links in the great chain tliat is to unite the Upper Mis- 
sissippi and the great lakes with two of the great ports of the Gulf of Mexico ; and traversing the State east and west are 
the Memphis and Charleston llailroad on the north line ; a line of railroad from Selma, Ala., westward to Urandon, there 
ttniling wilh the already complete railroad to Vicksburg, and a line from Madisonville, on Lake Pontchartrain, eaatward 
to a junction with the Mobile ancl Ohio UaiIroa<i near Mobile. These are the trunk lines now in progress, from which it 
13 proposed to build lateral lines lo the jirineipal centres of production, and so build up a system convenient both for 
through travel and transportation and for local communication. The exterior connections of these lines will connect the 
State with every part of the Union ; witli the Atlantic through the East Tennessee, Alabama, and Georgia lines and their 
continuations ; with the north-eastern portion of the central valley through the lines going to and diverging from N;Lsh- 
\\\\q, and with the upper countrj' through the lines terminating at and diverging from tlie mouth of the Ohio Uiver. 
Westward it wUl connect wilh Texas through the lines from New Orleans and Vicksburg in that direction. The bene- 
ficial effect of these great lines on the development of the resources of the State, its commerce and general welfare, can not 
be doubted. Its rich agricultural regions will be rapidly settled, and the lands which are now lying waste will become 
the scenes of a busy industry in the cultivation of the great staples for which the State is famous, while its consumption 
of manufactures to be exchanged for its productions, will create a commerce as extensive as it will be profllable to all 
fiections of the Union concerned in the interchange. 

Commerce.— The commercial material of Mississippi is carried to New Orleans and Mobile by river for exportation to 
foreign countries and the home ports, and its imports are received through the same channels. The direct commerce 
of the State is therefore inconsiderable, and in fact it is very seldom that an arrival or departure in the foreign trade is 
recorded ; years may pass by and the Treasury reports make no mention of either. In 1S49-50 no direct foreign com- 
merce or navigation is noted. Its navigation is consequently almost entirely confined to its rivers and the Gulf. Tlie 
shipping employed in the coasting and river trade is chiefly owned in the adjoining States of Louisiana and Alabama. 
The tonnage own^d in this State amounts only to 1,827 tons, of which 675 tons is navigated by steam ; and of the whole, 
1,367 tons is owned in the district of Pearl Kiver, and 460 in that of Vicksburg. Of all the States having a front on the 
sea, Mississippi is most destitute of harbors, and has the least direct seaward navigation ; but its access to its natural ports 
by river fully compensates for the specified disability. 

Banking.So returns of the banks of this State are made public, and as a general tiling their issues are of a doubtful 
character. The Northern Bank of Mississippi, at Ilolly Springs (capital $100,000), is said to be the only sound banking 
institution in the Slate. 

Government— The. government is based on the constitution that went into effect in 1S17. The right ofmH'rage is 
granted to every adult free while male person, a citizen of the United States, resident in the State one year and in the 
town or county four mouths "next before the election. The general elections are held on the first Monday and Tuesday 
in November. 

The Legislature is composed of a House of Representatives and a Senate. Kepresentatives, not fewer than thirty-six, 
nor more than one hundred in number (and not less than one to each county), are chosen every second year for two 
years ; they must be qualified voters, and have resided two years in the State, and one year in the place they represent. 
A census is taken at intervals of not more than eight nor less than six years, and the appointment of members made 
accordingly. Senators, in number not less than one-fourth nor more than one-third the number of representatives, must 
be thirty years of age, for four years citizens of the United States, and for one year residents of their district, and be 
chosen for four years, one half biennially. The legislature meets at Jackson on the first Monday in January biennially. 

The Governor must have attained the age of 30 years, have been a citizen of the United States for 20 years, and for fivo 
years a resident of the State. He is chosen by a plurality of votes for two years, and can not hold the office for more than 
four out of any six years. He may -veto a bill, but it may be passed and become law, notwilhstanding his veto, by a subse- 
quent vote of both houses of the legislature. 

All officers are elected cither in districts or counties, or by the people at large. No person denying the being of God or 
a future state of rewards and punishments, can hold office. No money can be expended for internal improvements, ex- 
cept by a vote of two-thirds of both houses ; and no State loan can be raised unless the bill be passed by a majority of each 
house, be published three months before the next election, and be confirmed by a majority of each house, at the next 
legislature. The legislature can not emancipate slaves without the owner's consent, except on account of great public 
services, and then must pay for them; nor can it prevent immigrants from importing slaves of the same description 
with those in the Slate, if they be honajide property, and not criminals. It may pass laws enabling owners to emanci- 
pate slaves, saving the rights of creditors and the public from being al their charge; and laws directing a sale, on the 
owner's account, if he treat his slaves cruelly. The introduction of slaves as merchandise after 1st May, 1S33, is pro- 
hibited, but settlers may import them for their own use until 1S45. (These two periods being passed, it is probable that tho 
importation of slaves is now prohibited). No grand jury is necessary in the prosecution of slaves for crimes not capital. 

The Judiciary consists of a High Court of Errors and Appeals, a Superior Court of Chancery, District Chancery Courts, 
and District or Circuit Courts. The juris'liction of the " High Court" is exclusively ajjpellale. There are two terms each 
year at Jackson, commencing on the first Monday of Januar>- and November. The court may continue In session as long 
as business requires, and may order a special term, or adjourn to meet at any time. The judges arc also authorized to 
meet annually on the third Monday in June, in the town of Oxford, to receive the written, and hear the oral, arguments 
4S8 



MISSISSIPPI. 



of causes from Iho lliird district, provided the State ia nol a party. Tlic Legislature appoints tlie reporter, and lias 
nbolished the common law form of pleading, and adopted a system somewhat similar la that of chancery or civil law. 
The "Superior Court of Chancery," held by llic chancellor at the capital, is in huv considered always open. The ehan- 
cellor is authorized to hold the same at such Unies and for such periuds as business nuiy require, upon giving three weeks' 
notice in the public newspapers. There are in the State three chancery districts ; tlic " District Chancery Courls," each 
with a vice-chancellor, have concurrent power and jurisdiction with the Superior Court within their respective districts 
where the amount in controversy does not exceed $500,U0l). Special terms of tJieso courts may be held by giving thirty 
days' public notice. For the purpose of holding district or circuit courts, the St;ile ia divided into seven district**. The 
*' Circuit Court" has original jurisdiction in civil cases in which the sum in controversy exceeds $50, and it has also 
exclueivceriminal jurisdiction. For each of the districts a jud^e and attorney are elected every iVuir ye:irs. 

AmejHimenU to the conslilutinn, if they be passed by two-thirds of each house, shall be submitted to the people six 
monllis before the next general election, and if approved i)y them shall be adopted. 

Tlie Jlilitia force of Mississippi consists of ;30,0S4 men of all arms, nf which Sio are coinmistinnetl officers, .Tnd "r).259 
non-commissioned officers, musicians, and privates. Of the commissioned oflicers 15 are general officers, 70 general staff 
officers, 892 field officers, etc., and 3iS eomi>any officers. 

The benevoicnt i/islttiitum-sodUc State are the Institution for the Blind, and the Mississippi Lunatic Asylum at Jackson. 

Finances^ e^c— The receipts into the treasury fur the year ending 30th April, 1S50, amounted to $1397,402 G-'J, and the 
expenditures by warrant during the same year to $2-S4.9yy DS. lixcess of means, $9-1.403 05. The chief sources ofincomc 
and the amounts collected from each, were — State tax $3^^4,631), internal improvement fund $13,196, tiie sinliiug fund 
$19,S57, penitentiary $3,1S9, the seminary fund $^251, redemption of lands $4,001, land sulea $2,720, etc. ; ami the princi- 
pal objects and amounts of expenditure, were — Legislature $48,731, judiciary $S2,307, executive $3.SG9, contingent fund 
(executive) $4,195, appropriations $20,179, penitentiary $25,206, printing $5,323. executed slaves $3,702, University 
$10,957, Common Schools $17, Lunatic Asylum $5,000, institution for tiie Blind $2,455, seminary fund $3,020, eommissions 
for assessing $9,540, elections $2,024, ten per cent, fund $38,312, etc. The State lax is based on personal and real esUite, 
and the objects of taxation are occupied lands and town lots, money at interest, mcrehandbe sold, bank stock auction 
sales, pleasure carriages, watches, clocks, ten-pin alleys, race-tracks, bowie-knives, pistols, cattle over 20 head, horses 
stiUIions, jacks, pianos, male free negroes, slaves under GO years old. free white polls, etc. Tlie absolute delt of the State 
amounts $2,271,707, and the contingent debt to $5,000,001)— total, $7,271,707. The armual interest on the absolute debt is 
about $136,000. The State has property to the value of $2,000,000, but this is at present unproductive. The total assessed 
value of taxable property in the State in 1S50 was $203,422,167 ; the true value of property, as ascertained by tlie census 
of 1S50, amounts to $223,304,332. 

FcfJ^ral liepre-seniation.—yimm'ippi, in accordance with the act of 2od May, 1350, apportioning representation, sends 
^ve representatives to the Congress of the United States. 

iU(iCrt(toH.— Mississippi has never had an efficient common school system, the sparscness of the population having 
proved a formidable obstacle to the success of any general system. A law was i)assed in 1340 giving the apimintmeut of 
school commissioners to the Board of Policy in each county, with power to levy taxes, etc. All the large towns organized 
schools under this system ; but by a later act essential alterations have been made in tlie law, and special laws for partic- 
ular connties now govern these institutions. Tlie means of the State for school purposes arc ample, consi.sting of finids 
arising from leases of the sixteenth sections of land, from fines and forfeitures, an<I from licenses of hawkers and pedlars, 
keepers of billiard-tables, retailers of liquors, and brokers. Besides the common schools, tiiere arc in the Slate numerous 
seminaries, to the support of which the State contributes annually. The collegiate institutions of Mississippi arc — the 
University at Oxford, founded 1344; Oakland College, founded 1330. and Mississippi College at Clinton. The University 
is partly supported by the State, and in 1350 had 6 professors and VU students. 

Fuhlic Libraries. — One Slate library, 5,000 volumes; 3 college libraries, 5,139 volumes; 2 students' libraries, 2,411 
volumes ; 102 public school libraries, 3,050 volumes— total libraries, 10.3, and 15.650 volumes. 

Periodical Press. — Whole number of periodicals and newspapers, 56—16 wliig, 21 democratic, and 19 nenlral in poli- 
tics, the latter number, including also those devoted to literature, science, religion, and all the character of wliich is not 
ascertained. Of the whole number, 2 are issued tri-weekly, and circulate 3,500 copies at each issue, or 540,(ioO copies 
annually ; 2 semi-weekly, S.3S copies, or annually 92,^:352 copies ; and 52 weekly, 26,452 copies, or annually l,o77,0G4 copies. 
The tri-iceeAiies are the " Vicksbnrg Sentinel" and the '^ Vicksburg Whig ;" the sertii-iceel-lies are the " Natchez Courier'' 
and the "Natchez Free-Trader ;" and the weeklies are published— 3 at Vicksburg, editions of the tri-weeklies; 2 at 
Natchez, editions of the semi-weeklies ; 3 at Kosciusko, 1 at Liberty, 2 at Carrollton, 1 at Port Gibson, 3 at Houston, 1 
at Gallatin, 1 at Hernando, 1 at Gainesville, 1 at Biloxi, 4 at Jackson, 2 at Lexington, 1 at Paulding, 2 at Fayette, 1 at 
Monticello, 1 at Marion, 2 at Oxford, 1 at Columbus, 2 at Canton, 2 at Holly Springs. 2 at Aberdeen, 1 at Macon, 1 at 
Holmesville. 1 at Panola, 2 at Pontotoc, 1 at Brandon, 1 at Jacinto, 1 at Kipley, 2 at AVoodville, 1 at Louisville, 1 at Grenada, 
and 1 at Coffeeville. 

Religloits Beiumiijwtions.— The statistics of the several religious denominations in the State, according to the census 
of 1850, were for that year as follows : 

Cliur.h V,,l.i<-nf 



Denomina- Nn. of 


Churcli 


Value of 


Deroniina- No. of 


Cliurili 


V,liie of 


Denomina. 


Irons. Cliurilies. 


acci.m. 


Property. 


tiong. Cliurrliei 


accom. 


Prop.Tty. 


t s. CI 


Baptist 830 .. 


ne.oso . 


. |1SG,19'2 


German Kef. — . . 


— 


?- 


R. Catholic. 


Christian 8 . . 


2,&50 . 


9,950 


Jewish — . . 


— . 


— 


Swedenbo'n . 


Congrogat'I. . — .. 


_ . 


_ 


Lutheran ... — .. 


— . 


— 


Tuiilier 


Dutch iief... — .. 


_ . 


_ 


Mennonite .. ^ .. 


— 


— 


T^nion 


Episcopal ... 13 .. 


4,.150 . 


. 66.SII0 


Melliodist...400 .. 


112,0S3 . 


240,265 


I'nitarian.. .. 


Free 3.. 


700 . 


l.SoO 


Moravian ... — . . 


— 


— 


Universalist.. 


Friends — .. 


— . 


— 


Presbyterian 135 . . 


47,166 . 


1SS,0S5 


Minor SfxL^. 



IfOO.OOO 



—making a total of 914 churches, with accommodation for 275,979 persons, and valued a? property at $7.'>4,.W2. Mississippi 
con.stilules a diocese of the same name of the Protestant Episcopal Church, and also the Eoman Catholic diocese of Natchez, 
a suITrapan of the ecclesiastical province of New Orleans. 

Pavpcrimn and Crimf— The whole number of paupers relieved or supported in the year endini; 1st .June, 1S50, was 
200, of which 24S were native-born and 13 foreimers; and the whole number "f p.iupcrs at tho date specified, 257, of 

3 «9 



MS 



sns 



which 446 were native-born, and 13 foreianers; annual cost of support, $13,132. The State prison is located at Jackson. 
The whole number of convicte on the 80th November, 1S48, was 8S, and the whole number received since the establish- 
ment of the prison in 1S40 was 24r, averajing 81 per annum. Of the number in prison in ms, 7 were foreigners, and SI 
natives and 5 were confined for attempts to kill, 13 for manslaughter, U for negro stealing, 5 for forger>-, 29 for petty lar- 
ceny, and It for grand larceny. The discharges for the year ending aa above wer&-by expiration of sentence 10, by 
pardon of governor 13, and by writ of error 1. 

ir,stork'<d 5M<';i.-Missis9ippi was discovered by De Soto in 1543, but no permanent settlement was attempted by 
him The Indians inhabiting the country were the Choctaws, Chickasaws, Natchez, etc., with which, from the time of 
the lir^t white trespasser on their lands to the cession of 1T63, there was a constant warring. La Salle, descending the 
rivers from the Illinois country, vbited the section bordering on the Mississippi in 1681 ; and in 1693 the Aral attempts to 
found permanent settlements were made by Iberville, the Governor of Louisiana. His colony arrived at Ship Island in 
1700 and after exploring the country along and beyond the Mississippi, the parties returned and budt a fort at Biloxi, at 
the mouth of the river of the same name, about 20 miles north of the island. Other settlements were made on the 
Mississippi Elver, as New Orleans, Natchez, etc. Fort Eosalie, on the present site of Natchez, was surprised and cap- 
tured bv the Natchez Indians in 1729, .and gn-at distress was also, at this time and for many years after, cause,! by tho 
hostility of this tribe and the Chickasaws. The Choctaws were generaUy allies of the white setUers, and fought bravely 
by their side These hostUe tribes were subsequently brought to sue for peace under Bienville, and are now only known 
bv the history their warlike opposition has made for tliem-not one remains to tell the story of their wrongs. The war 
between En-land and France, which f. .rms so conspicuous a page in the history of the middle of the 18th century, ended m 
17G3 France relinquishing to Britain all her possessions east of the Mississippi, and to Spain all west of th.it river. Spain 
a the same time gave up Florida to the British. In 1783 the country north of the paraUel of 310 north was included m he 
^mits The Unitfd States by the treaty acknowledging the independence of the Union ; and the Floridas reverted to he 
Spanish crown. Bv its charter granted in 1732, Georgia extended westward to the Mississippi, and hence though at tl a 
rS Mississippi Was cU facto,, French colony, yet, on its coming into the possession of the English it of course fell 
tato the liSof the Georgia charter. These extensive territories were subsequently ceded to the United States, both m 
sovereicmty and ownership In 1798, they were formed into a Territorial Government, which mcluded also the present 
State of Alabama. In 1811. that portion of the country south of 310 was attached to the territory, having been wrested 
from Spainlbecause that nation could not take care of it. In 1817, the territory was divided, the e^istem portion forming 
a territory under the name of Alabama, and the western portion was erected into the State of Mississippu Tho date of 
its admission into the Union as a State was the 1st March, 1817. 
Jackson, on the west bank of Pearl Elver, is the political capital of the State. 

J northwardly, it passes through lakes Irving and Trav- 
erse, and then turns castwardly, and proceeding through 
several small lakes, it enters Lake Cass. This lake is about 
16 m. long, contains several isl.ands, is about 8,000 m. from 
the Gulf of Mexico, at an elevation of 1,8.30 feet above the 
ocean, and 182 m. below Lake Itasca, the source of the Mis- 
sissippi. It then flows E. to Lake Winnipec, and S. E. to 
Little Lake 'Winnepec, below which it receives Leech lake 



Mississippi county, Ark. Situate N. E., and contains 
1,129 sq. m. Bounded E. by the Mississippi, W. by the St. 
Francis, and drained by 'Whitewater river and its affluents. 
Surface low and swampy in many parts, with several large 
lakes. Soil very fertile, where capable of cultivation, .and 
covered mostly with line timber. Corn is the principal 
product. The most hazardous navigation of the Mississippi, 
and Uie first cotton plantations descending the river, are 
on the S. border. Farms 170; manuf 2; dwell. 284, and 
pop.-wh. 1,496, fi. col. 7, al. 865-total 2,368. Capital: 
Oceola. 

Mississippi county, Mo. Sitaate S. E., and contains 86S 
sq. m. Bounded E. by the Mississippi, and drained by 
Cypress and James bayous. Surface low and marshy, and 
in parts suliject to inundation ; soil very fertile. Com is the 
staple, and the crops are very large. Timber is abundant. 
Farms 27; manuf. 0; dwell. 44.3, and pop.— wh. 2,373, fl-. 
col. 8, si. 746— total 8,122. Capital : Ohio City. 

Mississippi City, p. v., and cap. Harrison co., Wm. : on 
Pascagoula Sound of the Gnlf of Mexico, 67 m. E. N. E. New 
Orleans, and 145 m. S. E.. Jackson. It contains the usu.al 
county buildings, and has some coasting trade. 

Mississippi river : an immense river of the United Stales, 
which, whether we consider its great length, its vast tribu- 
taries, the extent of country which it drains, and the distance 
to which it is navigable, well deserves the title which the 
Indians give it of the " father of waters." The import in 
the Algonquin language of Sfissi Sepe, the name by which 
it is designated, is great river. It drains a country of over 
1,000,000 square miles in extent, eminently fertile, and send- 
ing through it to its destined market a vast amount of pnv 
dirce, and receiving in return the productions of other iiarts 
of the world. Its extreme source was discovered by School- 
craft in July 13th, 1832, to be Itasca lake, in 470 lo' N. lat., 
and 94° 54'' W. long., at an elevation of 1,500 feet above the 
ocean, and 3,160 miles from Us entrance into the Gulf of 
Mexico. Itasca lake, or Lac la Biche of the French, is a 
beautiful sheet of water, of an Irregular shape, about 8 m. 
long, sitaated among hills covered with pine forests, and fed 
chiefly by springs. H h.T3 its outlet to tho N., which is .about 
10 or 12 feet wide, and from 13 to 18 inches deep, and flow- 
490 



fork, the outlet of a considerable body of water of a very 
irregular form, caUed Leech lake. This was formerly re- 
garded as the source of the Mississippi. The most northerly 
point obtained by the Mississippi is a little short of 4S0 N. 
lat. From the junction of Leech lake fork the river expands 
to 100 feet in width, and increase of depth, and flows with a 
mean current of 1} miles per hour, and a descent of 8 in. 
in a mile, through a low prairie country covered with wild 
rice, rushes, sword-grass, and other aquatic plant.*, and is 
the favorite resort of water-fowls and various amphibious 
quadrupeds. At the falls of Peckagama the first rocky 
strahim and the first wooded island is seen, at lh(> distance 
of 685 m. above the falls of St, Anthony. At the full of 
Peckagama the river descends 20 feet in 300 yards, by a 
rapid which entirely obstructs navigation. At the head of 
these falls the prairies entirely cease, and below a forest of 
elm, maple, birch, oak, and ash overshadow the stream. 
The river now takes a southerly course, curving to the west, 
and again to the east, to the falls of St. Anthony. The faU 
of the river above may be computed at 6 inches in a mile, 
with a current of 3 m. an hour, exclusive of some rapids, 
anil has some dry prairies on its shores, the resort of tho 
buffalo, elk, and deer, and are the only part of the Missis- 
sippi in which the buffalo is now found. At the falls of St 
Anthony, 843 m. above the mouth of the Missouri, the river 
has a perpendicular descent of about 25 feet, with a formid- 
able rapid above and below. The rapid above the falls has 
a descent of 10 feet in the distance of 800 yards, ami below 
the falls a descent of 15 feet in the distance of half a mile. 
An island at the brink of the falls divides the current into 
two parts, the largest of which is on the west of tho island, 
and immediately below the falls are large fragments of rock, 
in the Interstices of which some aUuvial soil has accumii- 



ras 



btcd, supporting a stinted growlli of cclars. The whole 
fail lias a descent of about 41 feet in less than three-fourths 
of a mile. This fall has nothing of the grandeur of Niagara, 
but tlie cataract and the surrounding scenery are widely 
picturesque and beautiful. In times of high floods it may 
approach to the sublime. The width of the river above the 
falls is 500 or 600 yards, and at the falls is 227 yards, but 
narrows to 200 yards a short distance below. The portage 
around the falls is about 260 rods. In 1S05 the United 
Blales purchased of the Sioux tribe of Indians a tract of 9 m. 
square, including the falls of St. Antliony, for a military post, 
for the sum of $2,000. On this terrilor;' Fort Snelling is 
situated. A considerable tract of fertile land has been put 
under cultivation by the garrison. As an indication of the 
climate, the first green peas were eaten here on the 1.5lh of 
June, and the flrst green com on the 20th of July ; ai'i <"> 
the last of July Schoolcrafl found much of the com too hard 
to be boiled for the table, and some ears might have been 
eekcted sufficiently ripe for seed corn. A little below the 
falls of St. Anthony the Minnesota river enters from the W., 
and is much the largest tribularj- of the upper Mississippi. 
For 200 m. above its entrance Carver found it about 100 yards 
wide, with a great depth, and it receives several important 
tributaries. It is 150 yards wide at its mouth, and 10 or 15 
feet deep. About 44° 45' N. lat. the St. Croix enters on the 
N. E. side, which is 100 y.ards wide at its mouth. About 
500 yards above its mouth it expands into a lake called St. 
Croix lake, which is 36 m. long, and from li to 8 m. broad, 
and the river is said to be navigable for boats for 200 miles. 
About 15 m. below the mouth of the St. Croix the Mississippi 
expands into a beautiful sheet of water called Lake Fepin, 
which is 24 m. long, and from 2 to 4 m. broad, and is 100 m. 
below the falls of St. Anthony. On the E. shore is a range 
of limestone bluffs, and on the W. an elevated level prairie, 
covered with a luxuriant growth of grass, and nearly desti- 
tute of forest trees, with occasional conical hills, which 
appear like artificial mounds. At the lower termination of 
Lake Pepin Chippeway river enters from the N. W., after a 
course of about 300 m. In 4.3° N. lat. 'Wisconsin river enters 
on the E. side : it is navigable 200 miles, and a canal is in 
constraction near Fort ■ffiunebago. Columbia co., which, li 
m. long, will connect with Keenah river, and thereby with 
the great lakes. A little below this comes in Turkey river 
from the TV. A little below 42= N. lat. enters the Wapsi- 
pinicon, a considerable river from the W., and a little down, 
Kock river, a clear and beautiful stream, enters on the E. 
side. A little above Eock river are long rapids, which at 
low water render it difficult for boats to ascend. At 41° 10' 
enters the Iowa, a large river from the W., and below that 
enter on the same side Skunk and Des Moines rivers. The 
latter is perhaps the largest westem tributary above the 
Missouri. It is 150 yards wide at its mouth, and said to be 
boatable for nearly 300 miles. A few miles above its moulh 
are rapids, 9 m. long, forming a serious impediment to navi- 
gation at low water; but these obstacles will be overcome 
by a canal now in constmetion. In about 39° N. hat. comes 
the Illinois river, a noble, broad, and deep stream, and the 
most considerable tributar)' of the Mississippi above the 
Missouri. It is neariy 400 yards wide at iU mouth, is about 
400 m. long, and navigable to Peru, 269 m. from its moulh, 
at which point commences the Illinois and Michigan Canal, 
extending to Chicago, loO m. long. A little below 39° N. 
lat comes in from the W. the mighty Missouri, which is 
longer and probably discharges more water tlian the Missis- 
sippi : and had it been eariier explored it would probably 
been considered as the parent stream, but it will henceforth 
be considered only as a tributary. The Mississippi above the 
junction is a remarkably clear stream, but this is entirely de- 
stroyed by the entrance of the turbid Missouri, which commu- 
nicates its own muddy appearance to the Mississippi through 
the remainder of its course, thus asserting its superiority. 
(see Missouri river). Near SS= N. lat the Ka.skaskia river 
comes in on the E. side. It is SO yards wide at its mouth, 



MIS 

flows through a beautiful country, is over 300 m. long, and is 
boatable in high water over 100 m. Near 37° N. lat. comes iu 
from the E. the beautiful Ohio, " la Belle Riaiere" of the 
French, and is much the largest eastern tributary, and from 
the densely populated and highly fertile country on its bor- 
ders, it is at present much the most important branch of 
the Mississippi. The large tributaries, the Cumberiand. 
Tennessee, and Wabash, contribute to its magniticence 
and importance. At 34° 40' the St Francis enters from 
the W., 200 yards wide at its mouth, and supposed to be 
navigable by one of its forks for 300 miles. At S4° N. lat 
White river enters on the W. side, by a mouth from 300 to 
400 yards wide, and is probably about 1,200 m. long. Thirty 
m. below, at 33° 4S', the Arkansas enters from the W., by a 
mouth 500 yards wide, and is supposed to be 2.500 m. long. 
It is, next to the Missouri, the largest western tributary, and 
its waters are of a dark flame color when the river is full. 
At 32° 24', a little above the Walnut hills, in the State of 
Mississippi, near Vicksbnrg, the Yazoo river enters on the 
E. side, by a mouth from 200 to 300 yards wide. At 31° 04' 
Red river enters on the W. side. It is nearly as large as 
the Ark.ansas. and discharges about as much water. Here 
the Mississippi carries its greatest volume of water, as im- 
mediately below this, and at intervals after, it sends off 
several large outlets. Three m. below the mouth of Red 
river p.Tsses off on the W. side, the Atchafalaya or Chaffalio 
Bayou, as it is called, which is supposed to carry off as 
much as the Red river brings in. Here the Mississippi has 
a famous " cut-off," by crossing the isthmus of a large bend» 
so that the main channel does not pass the mouth of Red 
river. The Atchafalaya has been supposed to be the ancient 
bed of Red river, by which its waters were dischargeil with- 
out mingling with the Mississippi, and much of its water is 
now dischai^ged by this outlet A little below Baton Rouge 
the Iberville passes off on the E. side, going through lakes 
Maurepas, Pontchartrain, and Borgne into the Gnlf of 
Mexico. In times of flood it carries off considerable water. 
Between this outlet on the E. and Atchafalaya on the W. is 
what is caUed the Delta of the Mississippi. Between Atcha- 
falaya and New Orieans pass off, on the W. side. Plaque- 
mine, which joins the Atchafalaya, and La Fourche, which 
pursues an independent course to the Gulf of Mexico. At 
the distance of 105 m. below New Orieans by the course of 
the river, and 90 m. in a direct line, this majestic river 
enters the Gulf of Mexico by sever.al mouths, the principal 
of which are called the Balize or north-east pass, in 29° 7' 25" 
N. lat, and 89° 10' W. long., and the south-west pass in 
29° S' N. lat, and 89° 25' W. long. The depth of water on 
the bar at each of these passes is 12 feet, but much greater 
a little without and within the bar. Most of the vessels 
enter and leave the river by the north-cast pass. It might 
naturally be ex-pected from the extent of counhy drained 
by the Mississippi that the spring floods would be great 
From the mouth of the Missouri the flood commences in 
March, and does not subside before the last of May, at an 
average height of 15 feet From the Missouri to the Ohio 
it rises 25 feet, and for a great distance below the Ohio it 
rises 50 feet At every flood it overspreads the country, 
chiefly on its W. side, for 500 ni. from its mouth, to the dis- 
tance of from 10 to .30 miles. From the falls of St. Anthony 
to tlie mouth of the Missouri it has a medial current of 2 m. 
an hour; and at every place, except at the rapids of the 
Des Moines, it has a depth of water of not less than 4 feet 
at the lowest stages. Below the Missouri its depth is 
greatly increased, but its width, exce|it in the forests and 
swamps, when overflowed, is very little increased. To the 
mouth of the Ohio it has in the channel 6 feet of water at 
its lowest stages, and at the highest of 25 feet From the 
mouth of the Ohio to the St Francis there are various shoal 
places, where at low water pUots areollen perplexed to find 
a sufficient depth of water. Below that point there is no 
difficulty for vessels of any draught except to And the right 
channel. Above Natchez the flood begins to decline; at 

491 



MIS 

Baton r^ouge it st-Mom exceeds 30, and at New Orleans 12 
feet. This river is exceedingly winding in its course, and 
somelimcs u bcnti will occur of yo miles, where the distance 
across the neck will not exceed a mile. The mighty volume 
of water often carries away a large mass of earth, with its 
trees, from a projecting point, and frequently endangers 
vessels. Trees are also often bedded in mud, Willi their 
tops projecting, producing snags and sawyers, as thoy are 
calleci, dangerous to navigators. The w]iir]s or eddies 
which are produced by the tortuous course of the river and 
its projecting points, render the navigation to a degree difli- 
cuU and «langerous. Below the Missouri the medial current 
is about 4 m. an hour. It is difficult, on viewing it for the 
first time, to have an adequate idea of its grandeur, and the 
amount of water wliirh it carries. In the spring, when 
below the mouth of the Ohio its banks are overflowed, 
although the sheet of wa'.er that is making its way to the 
gulf may be -30 ra. wide, yet finding its way through forests 
and swamps which conceal it from the eye, no expanse of 
water is seen but that which is included between its wooded 
b.nnks. which seldom exceeds but often falls short of a mile 
in width ; but when it is seen, from time to time, to swallow 
up many large rivers, it will be easily conceived that it must 
have a great depth. At the lowest water, at the efHux of 
the Atchafalaya, at the head of the Delta, it is from 75 lo SO 
feet deep ; at the outlet of La Fourche, at Donaldsonville, 
130 feet ; upward of 100 feet at New Orleans, and from 75 to 
SO feet 3 m. above the main bars. Vesssls are often from 5 
to 30 days in ascending from the mouth of the river to New 
Orleans, though they will, with a favorable wind, ofiea 



WIS 

descend in 12 hours. Before the introduction of steamboats 
it required 8 or 10 weeks to go lo the Illinois. Boats of 40 
tons ascend the river to the falls of St. Anthony, more than 
2,000 ni. from its mouth. The use of steamboats has nearly 
superseded all other vessels for ascending the river. Largo 
flat-bottomed boats, denominated arks, which are not de- 
signed to return, are extensively used for transportation 
down the river. The first steamboat on the western waters 
was built at Pittsburg, in ISU; there are now over 300 on 
the Mississippi and its tributaries, many of them of great 
burthen. The passage from Cincinnati to New Orleans and 
back has been made in 19 days. Large ships, moved by 
sails, rarely ascend above Natchez, There are no tides in 
the Mississippi. 

Distances navigable by steam on Mississippi river and its 
principal branches ; 



Miles. 

Mississippi 2,000 

Bayou La Fourche 60 

Big Black 60 

Yazoo 300 

Arkansas 603 

White 500 

St. Francis 800 

Ohio 1,000 

Kaskaskia 150 

Maramec 60 

Illinois 269 

Mississippi Springs, p. v., 
Jackson. 



Z .MilPd 

Missouri 1,500 

Des Moines 250 

Cedar 60 

Iowa 110 

lioek 250 

"Wisconfin ISO 

Black 60 

Chippewa TO 

Minnesota 120 

SL Croix SO 

nines CO., Miss. : 10 m. W. 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 

MissouKi is situated generally between the latitudes of 36° 80' and 40° 30' north, and the longitudes of SS^ 55' and 05° 33' 
west from Greenwich, or 11° 53' and IS^ 36' from Washington. It is bounded on the north by Iowa, on the east by 
Illinois and Kentucky, on tlie south by Arkansas, and on the west by the Indian and Nebraska territories. More speci- 
fically its eastern boundary is the Mississippi River, beginning at latitude SG^ and running north to the month of the Des 
Moines Biver, whence the line follows the latter up to its rapids (40^ 30*) ; thence along that line westward to where it 
cuts the Missouri River ; thence down that river to the mouth of the Kansas, whence it runs due south to 36^ 30', and 
along that line eastward to the St. Francis ; thence P illows that river to 30^, and traverses that line to the place of begin- 
ning. Its general extent from north to south is 27S miles, but including tho narrow strip between the St. Francis and 
Mississippi rivers 312 miles; and greatest extent from east to west is 31S miles, and its least extent less than 200 miles; 
and the area of its superficies is estimated at 67,380 square miles. 

The river Missouri separates this Stale into two parts, distinguished from each other by (Hssimilar geographical and 
geological features. South of that river, as far west as the Osage, the surface of the country is rolling, and gradually rises 
into a hilly and mountainous district, forming the outskirts of the Ozark Mountains. Beyond the Osage, at some distance, 
commences a vast expanse of prairie land, which stretches away to the Rocky Mountains. The chief geological deposits 
of the region are soliil strata of c;irl)oniferous and silurian limestone and sandstone, reposing on or around the nnstratificd 
primary rocks. In the hilly and broken mineral region, which includes the greater part of the State south of the Missouri, 
the soil is formed of decomposed sandstone, sienite and magnesian limestone. Soils constituted of the two last elements 
are fertile, but in many of the districts of the mineral region their productiveness is impaired by the admixture of oxyde 
of iron. Other districts, as the Bellevue Valley, and the valleys of the Maramec, Gasconade, and Osage are well fitted 
for cultivation or for pasture. Around the head waters of the AVhite, Eleven Points. Current, and Big Black, where the 
land is most mountainous, the soil is formed of decomposed semivitreous sandstone, and is in general unproductive, 
though it supports a magnificent growth of yellow pine, valuable for its lumber. The intervening vallejs. however, are 
decidedly fertile, but of small extent. The lands situated more immediately south of the Missouri arc partly sandy and 
partly calcareous, and in general where alumina or clay sufficiently abounds the soil is excellent and well adapted to the 
production of the staples of the State. 

That part of the State lying north of the Missouri River is in no place mountainous, but either rolling or quite flat. It 
contains a much richer soil than the soutlieru division, and is in a more advanced slate of cultivation. Its geological 
substratum is chiefly carboniferous limestone. The coal measure of Illinois extends west of the Mississippi at St. Louis, 
and is probably commensurate willi the northern division of the State, being limited on the south by the narrow strip of 
land above spoken of, lying south of the Missouri. The soils of this region are chiefiy calcareous and arenaceous, the 
aluminous being limited in extent. Tiie calcareous, or those abounding in lime, which aro predominant, are fertile, 
particularly near the margins of rivers. Of this character are the lands in the western parts along the Missouri. Tho 
counties of Clay, Platte, and Buchanan can not readily be surpassed in productiveness, and the other western and interior 
counties are nearly equal in fertility. In the eastern part of this region arenaceous or sandy soil predominates. These 
lands, which are comparatively barren, are found on the southern flank of Ihe prairies which have their origin in north 
Missouri, and extend to the head waters of the Mississippi River. 

The soulh-f astern part of the State, the surface of which was once capable of cultivation, became after tho earthquakes 

of lSll-12 marshy. This district contains on estimate 1,517,237 acres, and extends south from the neighborhood of Cape 

Girardeau Into the northern part of Arkansas, a distance, in Missouri alone, of lOS miles, and wcstwardly as far as tho 

river St. Francis. The laud Is well located, as regards facilities of transport, and is said to be as fertile us any in tho 

492 



MISSOXJRI. 



valley ; and as llic grealt-r piirlinn can be reclaimed, it may be brought under cullivalion at some future time. This 
inundated Iracl is for the most part licavily limlicred. 

Missouri is buunlil^dly supplied Willi navigable water courses, affording an easy access to every portion of the Stale. 
Omilling Ihe Mississippi, wliieh waslies llie eastern boundary for 470 miles, the great river, and Ihe one from wliicli il 
derives Its name. Is the Mlssoiu-i. This river rises in the Eocky Mountains, not far from the head waters of the Coluiiibia, 
8 095 miles from its mouth. The last 400 or ,^00 miles of its course above lie within the limits of this State. The Irough 
through wliich the river flows is fniiu 4 to 5 miles wi.le. and is hounded by rocky limestone hills, which rise to the height 
of from loo to 300 fi-ct. Nearly tdl the bottoms of the Jlissouri are on its north side, and ordinarily tbcy arc not subject to 
inundaliou. In Ihia respect thev dilTer widely from lliose of the Mississippi, which latter are of greater width and 
formed of a less sandy soil, and are less easily percolated by water. The Missouri flows down an inclined plane, llie u|)per 
strata of which are easily disintegrated, and tlie particles mingling with Ihe rapid current, give a turbid appeiirance to Us 
waters. The alluvial lands lying along lis course are subject to be covered, during inundations, with driltmg sand ; they 
are however, occupied by a luxuriant vegetation both of trees and herbs. These bottoms .are favorites willi settlers, and 
are capable of supporting a dense p.ipulation. The river is navigable to its falls, 2,0(10 miles, but is raj.id and can only be 
readily ascended by steam-power. Of the tributaries of the Missouri, the largest is the Osage Kiver, which disembogues 
120 miles from its mouth. At this point it is 400 yards wide, and is navigable for boats of light draft for about 2ii0 miles 
at hi'h water. About the head waters of this stream are found the best cotton lands in the State. The Gasconade comes 
into The Missouri east of the Osage, near the village of Hermann, and is important for the supplies of fine plank and 
timber it furnishes to the country below. The Maramec, a beautiful river, runs Ibrougb the mineral region, and flows 
into the Mississippi IS miles below St. Louis. Further soulli are the rivers St. Francis and White, which pass into 
Arkansas after spreading numerous branches over the southern part of this Slate. Sc^ eral tributaries ol the Arkansas 
water the south-west section, but are not navigable. 

North of the Missouri are Salt and Copper rivers, which empty into the Mississippi : and the northern Irilrataries ..f 
the Missouri are the Grand and Chariton rivers, both navigable, and composed of nunier..us branches, which drain a 
lar"e country. Further west, ami falling also into the Missouri, are the Platte ami Nodaway. Many ol the rivers of 
Missouri are obstructed by rafts and fallen trees, and more especi-ally is this the case Willi Ihe Grand, Osage, Salt. Maramec 
and SI. Francis; the navigation of these, however, will be improved at no distant period, or as soon as Ihe wants and 
interests of the people demand such improvements. Other rivers than those mentioned are of minor importance. 

The mineral region of Missouri occupies an area of about 13,000,000 acres. As early as 171S it was described m a 
French chart as "an pays plein de mines." It e.\lcnds from the he.ad waters of llie St. Francis to the Maramec lliver, a 
distance of about 70 miles in length, and from the Mississippi in a soutli-westerly direction, about CO miles. The elevali..n 
of the district above the sea level varies from 600 to 1,200 feet. The climate is equable ami salubrious, and Ihe siiii.rin- 
cumbent soil moderately fertile. No one of the mining districts of Europe enjoys such facilities of supporting a largo 
population; and yet the llarz Mountains, with an area of 300,000 acres, sustains 60,000 inhabitants; the Erzgebirge, 
of Saxony, with about 1,500,000 acres, sustains 600,000 inhabitants; and Cornwall, wilh 76O.OO0 acres. 300,000 inhabitants. 
Populated as the Erzgebirge, in the ratio of one inhabitant to every three acres, the mineral region of Missouri would 
sustain 6,000,000 of souls, and probably the working members of such a population might find here employment for ages. 
Excepting gold and platina, most of the important and useful metals and ores are known to exist in Miss.iuri. The 
following minerals, metallic and non-melallic, arranged hero according to their intrinsic value, have been found williln ils 
limits— lead, iron, copper, cobalt, silver, nickel, zinc and calamine, manganese and wadd, coal, rock s.alt, barytes, sand 
and quartz, 'carbonate and sulphate of lime, ahimino and poller's clay, fuller's earth, variegated marble and oolite, salt- 
pelre, .antimony, tin, tungstale of iron and lead, diamonds, chalcedony an.l feldspar, and some others of perhaps a 
minor iiiiportance. ' 

The lead mines have been WTonght since the first settlement of the country. The ore is in Ihe f..rm of snlpbuicl and 
carbonate, and in the upper mines at Potosi it is found mixed with calamine and blende. The lead region extends over 
the counties of Madison, St. FranQois, St. Louis, TVashinglon, etc. Formerly the carbonate was considered .as worthless, 
hut it is now reduced in blast furnaces, and yields 72 per cent. The sulphur. I yields from C6 lo so per cent., and eoiilams 
about G per ccnL of silver. Iron in the form of hemalile, and the oclirey, the micaceous an.l red oxy.k..s, are l..u;i.l in 
the greatest abundance. The ores exist throughout the mineral region, an.l extcn.l even into the coal lorniali..n, which 
0-cupies so large a surface. Abundant, easily manufactured, and the transportation easy, this is essentially tlie staple <,f 
Missouri. Her celebrated mountains of micaceous oxydcs— the Iron Mountain and Pil.it Knob-are almost inexhaiislible. 
They form the eastern extreme of the Ozarks, and are situated in St. Fran.,'ois Ciunty, a few miU-s east of I'ot.si. an.l .mly 
40 miles from St. Genevieve, on the Mississippi. The two peaks are about C miles apart, Ihe more n.irlherly .,f the 
elevations, the Iron Mountain, is 1} miles long ami 444 feet high, lis whole top is a soli.l mass of iron, an.l on.- se.'s 
BOIhing but iron lumps as lar as the eve can reach. The ore yields CO per cent, of pig, and is .leemed a most .-u],. ri.,r 
metal.' Pilot Knob is 1,600 feet high. Dr. Feuclitwanger estimates the quantity of pig iron embe.l.led in these mountains 
alone at 600,000,000 of Ions, enough to supply the worl.l f.>r more than a cenhiry. The mines of Elba, of Sw.'.l.u, or ..f 
Norway, together, do not contain an amount equal to Ihis. The mines of copper are chiefly foim.I in the s..ulli and « es 
porti.ms of 'the mineral region, but exist in other parts. The ore is of every variety an.l usually very rich. It is Lumd 
in combination wilh lea.l and iron, fr.qu.ntly villi manganese, cobalt, and nickel, and occasionally with silv.-r. 11 is 
gener.allv pyritous, but oxvd.-s an.l carboiiales are frequently found. The ores appear .as a cement uniting aiigulrir Irag- 
mcnts of lime rock forming a breccia, and much of it is easily removed by a pickaxe alone. As a g.neral llinig he 
yield is about .34 per cent, of metal. Ilillierlo mining for copper has been little attended to, but it is now pn.i.a .le mat 
operations will be commenced on a large scale, and as the iniliealions of extensive loiles have been trace.l 'oi' '"'''"*' ""* 
product is destined to be one of the m.Mt valuable of the Stale ; in.leed, the copper mines of Miss..ur. are sai.l 0. uc in..re 
valuable than even those of Lake Sup.-rior. The several metals found in combinalion wilh tli.' abov,', nam.-l). siucr 
zinc, manganew, cobalt, nickel, etc., give an additional value hi Ihe mines, and as tin has been l..iiu.l nei.r ( ale.ioni.i. it 
may be said of Missouri, that no other State or country is richer in metallic weallli, or hxs bctl. r pr..sp.'cls ol ni i c p os- 
perity. The substantial wealth of England and Belgium is drawn from their mines, but n.'ilhcr ol Ihese c.>iimnes cm 
compare in any one respect with this State. it r . 

Minerals of the non-metallic kinds arc everv-where as ahun.lant as conl.l be d.'sired. The carbon.f.'r.nis l"ne,~tone 
formation, on which St. Louis is built, an.l wlii..b exten.ls throughout the norlhem .livision of xhr Slate, f.,rn.s a beaulih I 
and compact Imilding material. Sandstones are abundant, but .loarse and loose in texture. Ihe while sand^^one ol a. 



MISSOURI. 



Genevieve niakes superior glass. Porphyries, susceptible of a high polish, are numerous in Southern Missouri, and are 
well fitted for architectural and ornamental uses. Sienite is also found, and marbles of various textures exist in several 
counties. Gj^psum has been discovered in Jaciison County ; and in caverns near the Maramec, Current, and Gasconade, 
saltpetre exists in vast quantities. Sulphate of barj'ta, or heavy spar, is found in the lead diggings. 

Tlie northern coal measures of Missouri are continuous with those of Illinois ; it is in general called bittiminous coal. 
At C6le sans Dessein, however, it assumes the form of canucl. It has been discovered at several distinct points in Cole 
and Callaway counties, and as high as forty miles upon the Osage. Some of its layers are of great thickness, and on dis- 
tillation it yields excellent coke and a gas that bums with a bright and copious flame ; and being destitute of sulphur, it is 
well adapted to furnaces and manufacturing purposes. 

A great variety of clays, useful for economical purposes, are found in different parts. The subsoil of the region around 
St. Louis, abounding as it does in oxyde of iron and alumina, makes brick of a handsome red tint and smooth texture ; it 
is titled, too, for the manufacture of pottery. Variegated clays are found in the same vicinity. Kaolin, or porcelain clay, 
and pipe clays have been discovered near Caledonia and Cape Girardeau, and delft-ware is manufactured in SL Louis 
from clays obtained near Commerce, in Scott County. 

Except on the prairies, Missouri is well timbered. The river bottoms, in particular, are covered with a luxuriant 
growth of oak, elm, ash, hickory, cotton-wood, and black and white walnut. In the more barren districts are found 
white and pin oak, and sometimes forests of yellow pine. Many of the trees and shrubs met with differ from those found 
in the same latitude in Ohio. The crab-apple, pawpaw, and persimmon are abundant, as also the hazel and pecan. 
Three wild species of grape-vine are common throughout the country. The prairies are clothed in the proper season with 
numerous varieties of flowers, and with a coarse, tall grass, which, either green or cured, is excellent fodder for cattle. 
The general capacity of the country for agriculture is unsurpassed, and every kind of grain and esculent vegetable, with 
flax and hemp. And in one part or another a congenial sod and clunate. Tobacco is also a staple production ; and table 
fruits, as the apple, pear, peach, nectarine, etc., grow in profusion. As a grazing country, Missouri is one of the best ; the 
prairies are excellent natural pastures, and the business of rearing cattle is almost reduced to the simple operation of turn- 
ing them upon these prairies and letting them fatten until the owner t hink s proper to claim the tribute of their hides and 
other products. Hogs are also raised with great ease in the forests. 

Missouri is divided mto 100 counties, the general statistics of which and the capitals of each, in 1S50, were as follows : 



Counties. 



Dwell. 



Adair SS3. 

Andrew 1,ST7. 

Atchison 291. 

Audrian 49S. 

Barry 544. 

Bates 626. 

Benton 7S9. 

Boone 1,924. 

Buchanan 2,0.30. 

Butler 265. 

Caldwell 80S. 

Calloway 1,612. 

Camden 800. 

Cape Girardeau 2,10s. 

Carroll 770. 

Cass 938. 

Cedar 561. 

Ch.ariton 1,096. 

Clarke 805. 

Clay 1,352. 

Clinton 560. 

Cole 9S4. 

Cooper 1,717. 

Crawford 994. 

Dade 059 . 

Dallas 597. 

Daviess 784. 

DeKalb 83S. 

Dodge 57. 

Dimklin 215.. 

FiMnklin 1,925. 

Gasconade 950. 

Gentry 70S. 

Greene 2,046. 

Grundy 477. 

Harrison 887. 

Henry 561. 

Hickory 364. 

Holt 614. 

Howard 1,0.35. 

Jackson 1,719. 

Jasper G04. 

JelTcrson 1,119. 

Johnson 1,030. 

494 



Pop. 

. 2,»12. 
. 9,433. 
, 1,648. 
. 8,506. 

8,467. 
, .3,669. 
. 5,015. 
.14,979. 
,12,975. 
. 1,616. 
, 2,316. 
18,827. 

2,838, 
1.3,912. 

6,4«. 

6,090. 

8,861. 

7,514. 
, 6,627. 
,10,332. 
, 8,786. 
, 6,696. 
12,9.50. 

6,S97. 
. 4,246. 

8,G43. 

5,298. 

, 2,075. 

853. 

1,229., 
11,021. 

4,996. 

4,248. 
12,785. 

8,006. 
, 2,447. 

4,0,52. 

2,329. 

3,957. 
,18,969. 
,14,000. 

4.223. 
. 6,928. 
. 7,4C4. 



Farms 
ill cult. 

. 826. 
. 873. 
. 188.. 
. 41T., 

889.. 
. 472., 
, 610.. 
.1,376. 
,1,253.. 
. 143.. 

232.. 
1,169.. 

214.. 
1,019.. 

383.. 

729.. 

847.. 

C59.. 
, 425.. 
, 944.. 
, 334.. 
, 638.. 
1,064.. 
, 715.. 
, 667.. 

801.. 

842.. 

229.. 

49.. 

76.. 

1,090.. 

5.33.. 

444.. 
1,283.. 

255.. 

141.. 

385.. 

190.. 

305.. 
1,105. . 

986.. 

408.. 
, 704.. 
. 750.. 



EstSb. CBpMh. 

5..Kirksvillo 
83.. Savannah 

5.. Linden 
10.. Mexico 

2..M'Donald 

O.-Batesvillo 
10.. Warsaw 
21 . . Columbia 
89.. Sparta 

C.Cane Creek 

7. .Kingston 
S3.. Fulton 

0. .Erie 
81.. Jackson 
15..CarroIlton 
19. .HarrisonviUe 

7.. Fremont 
24. .Keytesville 
12. .Waterloo 
42.. Liberty 

CPlattsburg 
28. . JeffeesonCity 
79..BoonevilIe 

9..8teelsville 
13..Greenfleld 

8.. Buffalo 

8.. Gallatin 

L.MaysviUe 

0.. Butler 

2. .Chillitecaux 
32.. Newport 
16.. Hermann 

0.. Athens 
50.. Springfield 

5.. Trenton 

0.. Bethany 
11.. Clinton 

6 .. Hermitage 

5.. Oregon 
85.. Fayette 
78.. Independence 

8.. Carthage 
12,.Hiilsboro' 
2S..Warrensburg 



Counties. 



Dwell. 



Knox 427. 

LaClede 885. 

Lafayette 1,459. 

Lawrence 743. 

Lewis 905. 

Lincoln 1,239. 

Linn 625. 

Livingston 658. 

Macon 1,079. 

M'Donald 371 . 

Madison 873. 

Marion 1,595. 

Mercer 412. 

Miller 592. 

Mississippi 443. 

Moniteau 901. 

Monroe 1,296. 

Montgomery 754. 

Morgan 754. 

New Madrid 762 . 

Newton 658. 

Nodaway 325. 

Oregon 2.53 

Osage 1,082. 

Ozark 861. 

Perry 1,111. 

Pettis 714. 

Pike 1,671 

Platte 2,490, 

P.ilk 907 

Pulaski 630. 

Putnam 265. 

P.alls 777. 

Randolph 1,157. 

Eiiy 1,457. 

P.eynolds 293. 

Eipley 445. 

St. Charles 1,6.38. 

St. Clair 531. 

St. Franijois 704. 

St. Genevieve . . 814 
St.L-iiiisC!ountyl3,430 

SaUne 950 

Schuyler 539 



Pop. 

. 2,894. 

. 2,498. 

.1.3,690. 

. 4,859. 

. 6,578. 

. 9,421. 

. 4,058. 

. 4,247. 

. 6,666. 

. 2,236. 
,. 6,003. 

.12,230. 

. 2,691. 

. 3.834. 

. 8,123. 

. 6,004. 

.10,541. 

. 5,489. 

. 4.650. 

. 6,541. 

. 4,203. 

. 2,118. 

. 1,433. 

. 6,704. 

. 2,294. 

. 7,215. 

. 5,150. 

.13,609. 

.16,545. 

. 6,186. 
8,998. 
1,657. 

. 6.151. 

. 9,439. 

.10,373. 

. 1,849. 
,. 2,830. 

.11,454. 
.. 8,556. 

. 4,964. 

. 6,318. 
104,978. 

. 8,843. 
,. 3,287. 



Farm,*! 
in cult. 



. 233. 

. 895. 

. 410. 

. 448. 

. 849. 

. 429., 

. 457. 

. 711. 

. 826. 

. 515. 

. 810. 

. 273. 

. 309. 

. 271. 

. 761. 

. 926. 

. 007. 

. 455.. 

. 407.. 

. 293.. 

. 241.. 

. 130.. 

. 711.. 

. 253.. 

. 743.. 

. 500.. 

. 989.. 
.1,651.. 

. 543.. 

. 471.. 

. 203.. 

. 541.. 

. 993.. 

. 833.. 

. 145.. 

. 253.. 
.1,035.. 

. 827.. 

. 4-37.. 

. 425.. 
.1,294.1, 

. 587.. 

. 446.. 



. T. .Edina 
. S.-Wiota 
. 67. -Lexington 
. 5. .Mount Vernon 
. 15..Monlicello 
. 10.. Troy 
. C.Linnens 
. 2..Chinicothe 
. 8..BIoomingtoii 
. 42..Rutledge 
. 19..Fredericktovrii 
. 76.. Palmyra 
. 3.. Princeton 
. 0. .Tuscumbia 
. 0.. Ohio City 
. 15. .California 
. 21.. Paris 
. 16.. Danville 
. 12.. Versailles 
. 30.. New Madrid 
11.. Neosho 
8.. Nodaway 
S-.Thomasville 
9.. Linn 
5..E(ickbridge 
35..Perryvilie 
16. .Georgetown 
47. .Bowling Green 
04.. Platte City 
6.. Bolivar 
8..Wayne3villo 
CPutnamville 
18.. New London 
47..IIunlsville 
30. .Richmond 
C.Lesterville 
7.. Doniphan 
83.. St. Charles 
5. .Oseola 
ll..rarmingtoii 
16. .St. Genevieve 
,409.. St. Louis City 
8.. Marshall 
6.. Lancaster 



MISSOURI. 



Farms Mutmf, 
Counties. Dwell. Pop. in cult, Estub. Cajiitals. 

Scollaiid 688.. 3,TS3.. 884.. 6.. .Memphis 

Scott 600.. 8,182.. 203.. 9...Bonton 

Sliaiinon 204.. 1,199.. 152.. 0.. .Eminence 

Shelby 632.. 4,253.. 397.. 14.. .Oakdale 

StoiWard 719.. 4,277.. 41S.. 2 . . . Bloomfleld 

Sullivan 457.. 2,983.. 317.. 5...MUan 



Counties. 

Taney ... 
Texas.... 
Warren . . 



W.a5hington 1,291 

Wayne 







Farms 


Mauu 




Dwell. 


Pop. 


in cult. 


Estalj 


Cnpitab. 


CSO. 


4,373. 


609. 


0.. 


.Forsyth 


894. 


2,.312. 


. 232. 


15.. 


.Houston 


S09. 


5,860. 


. 744. 


11.. 


.■Warrenlon 


1,291. 


8,811. 


. 713. 


. 41. 


.Polosi 


099. 


4,518. 


. 478. 


2. 


.Greenville 


841. 


3,387. 


. 371. 


. 0. 


.Uartsvillo 



The whole number of dwellings in the State was, at the above date, 90,849; of families, 100,890; and of inhabitants, 
682,114.3*; viz., whites 692,077— males 312,936, and females 279,091 ; fr. col. 2,541— males 1,338, and females 1,206, and si. 87,122. 
Of the whole population there were, deaf and cluml — wh. 244, fr. col. 0, si. 15— total 269 ; lUnd — wh. 180, fr. col. 3, al. 
28— total 211 ; inmne—vh. 271, fr. col. 2, si. 9— toUal 2S2 ; and kUot!);—wh. 304, fr. col. 0, si. 29— total 333. The number 
of free persons born in the United States was 620,826, the number of foreign bh-lh 72,474, and of birth unlcnown 1,822. 
The natlre population originated as follows: Mo. 311, N. Hamp. 304, Yerm. 630, Mass. 1,103, P.. I. 124, Conn. 742, N. Y. 
6,010, N.J. 886, 1'enn. 8,291, Del. 618, Md. 4,253, Dist. of Col. 238, Virg. 8,337, N. Car. 21,487, S. Car. 27,908, Ga. 17,500, 
rior. 629, Ala. .34,047, Mi-ss. 60S, La. 746, Tex. 248, Ark. 2,120, Tenn. 44,970, Ky. 69,694, Oh. 12,737, Mich. 295, Ind. 12,753, 
III. 10,917, J/Awowr;* 277,604, la. 1,306, Wise. 123, Territories SO; and the foreign poptUation was composed of persons 
tVom— England 5,379, Ireland 14,734, Scotland 1,049, Wales 176, Germany 44,352, France 2,138, Spain 46, Portugal 11, 
Belgium 68, Holland 189, Turkey 7, Italy 124, Austria 71, Switzerland 984, Itussia 29, Denmark 55, Norway 155, Sweden 
87, Prussia 097, Sardinia 1, Asia 3, Africa 7, British America 1,053, Mexico 94, Central America 0, South America 20, 
West Indies 60, Sandwich Islands l,and other countries 9.'i4. 

The following table will show the decennial progress of the population since the first census of the State taken by the 
United States authorities : 









Cnloreil Persons 






Decennial Increase, 
















Years. 


I'ersnns. 


Free. 


Slave. 


Total. 


Population. 


Numerical. Per cent. 


1810 .... 


. . . 17,227 .... 


. . . . 607 . 


.... 8,011.... 


. .3,918... 


.... 20,845 .... 


— — 


1820 .... 


. . . 66,081 .... 


. . . . 283 . 


....10,222.... 


.10,505 ... 


.... 00,586 .... 


.... 45,741 219.6 


1830 .... 


. . . 114,803 .... 


.... 601 . 


....25,091.... 


.25,C.')3 ... 


....140,455.... 


.... 73,809 110.9 


1840 .... 


....323,838 .... 


....1,674 


....68,240.... 


.69,814 ... 


....88.3,702 .... 


....243.247 173.2 


1860 .... 


...592,078 .... 


.... 2,644. 


....87,422.... 


.89,966... 


....682,1144 .... 


. . . . 298,,342 77.3 



The statistics of the wealth, industry, and institutions of the State, as exhibited by the census of 1850, and other official 
documenbj referring to the same period of time, are as follows : 

Occupied Lands, etc. — Improved farm lands, 2,924,991 acres, and attached lands uniinprovetl, 6,767,937 acres — valued 
logelher in cash at $03,057,482. Whole ntmibcr of fanns xmder cultivation, 54,458. Value of farming implements and 
machinery, $3,966,94.5. 

/.(i'f-iVoi*.- Horses, 223,693; asses and mules, 41,508; milch cows, 22S,rj.6S; working oxen, 111,208; other cattle, 
445,015 ; sheep, 750,809 ; and swine, 1,692,043— valueii in the aggregate at $19,700,851. In 1840, according to the census 
of that year, there were in the State: 196,032 horses, mules, etc. ; 483,875 neat cattle of all kmds; 848,018 sheep; and 
1,271,161 swine. 

Piod\KUi 0/ Anitnals.—Wnn], 1,615,860 pounds; butter, 7,792.499 pounds; cheese, 202,122 pounds; and the cash 
value of animals slaughtered during the year amounted to $3,349,517. The production of silk cocoons was 186 poimds; 
and the quantity of beeswax and honey obtained was 1,327,812 p(jund3. 

Grain (7raps.— Wheat, 2,966,923 bushels ; rye, 44,112 bushels; Indian com, 86,009,543 bushels; oats, 6,24-3,476 bushels ; 
barley, 9,681 bushels ; and buckwheat, 23,590 bushels. The crops of these cereals, according to the census of 1840, were : 
wheat, 1,0.37,336 bushels; rye, 08,003 blishels; Indian corn, 17,332,624 bushels; oats, 2,234,947 bushels; barley, 9,801 
bushels; and buckwheat. 15.318 bushels. 

Other Food Crapa. — Rice, 7O0 pounds; peas and beans, 45,974 bushels; and potatoes — Irish, 934,027 bush-^ls, and 
Bweet, 832,120 bushels. The jiotato crop reported in the census of 18H) was 733,768 bushels. 

Mincellanemii Crops.— lohacco, 17,100,834 pounds; hay, 116,743 tons: clover-seed, 615 bushels; other grass-seed, 4,837 
bushels; hops, 3,130 pounds; hemp — dew-rolled 17,207 Ions, and water-rotted 5,351 tons; flax, 520,008 pounds; flax-seed, 
13,641 bushels; maple sugar, 178,750 pounds; molasses, 5,636 gallons; wine, 10,503 gallons, etc. The value of orchard 
products was $512,327, and of market-garden products $99,4.54. In the census of 1S40 the production of cotton is noted 
at 121,122 pounds— this crop is not noticed in tlie census of 1850. 

The following table will exhibit the increase of live-stock, and of the principal crops in the decade ending 1st -June, 1860 : 

Staples. ISAO. 1350. 

Wheat 1,0.37,386 bushels .... 2,906,923 bushels 

Indian corn 17,3.32,524 " . . . . 36,009,.34:3 " 

Oats 2,234,947 " .... 6,243,476 " 



13,010} tons 



Tobacco 9,067,913 pounds 

Hemp, dew-rotted 
'• water-rotted 

Flax. 

Neat Cattle 433,875 heads 

Swine 1,271,161 " 

Sheep 848,018 " 

Wool 562,265 pounds 



Increase. 

1.929,542 bushels, or 186.0 per cent. 
. 18,737.019 " or 103.1 " 
3.008.529 " or 134.6 " 
8,032,971 pounds, or 88.6 " 



10,705,743 



26.6 



. 17,100,384 pounds . 
17,207 tons 
5,351 " 
520,008 pounds 
73.3,436 neads 
1,092,043 " 
7.30,309 " 
1,616,860 pounds 

—furnishing results indicative of the more rapid development of the agricultural interests of the State, than the ratio of 
increase in the population would warrant; an.i these results are the more astonishing, when the increase of mining and 
manufacturing interests, which have been relatively extensive, are taken into consideration. 

' A cemus of Missouri, taken under State authority, for 1862, gave the population at 721,667—63-1,91)1 whites, S,526 fr. col., and 87.-;o7 slaves- 

495 



851,501 heads, or 81-0 

420,833 " or 83.1 

408,291 " or 117.3 

1,053,595 pounds, or 187.4 



MISSOURI. 



Ilome-ynade manufactures for the year ending 1st June, 1S50, were valued at $1,663,016. The same class of goods 
made in 1SJJ3-10, were valued at $1,U0,544. 

Mami/uctures.—AggTQgalc capital invested, $0,000,000; value of raw material, fuel, etc., consumed in the year, 
$0,000,000; average number of hands employed 00,000— males 00,000, and females 0,000 ; average monlhly cost of labor 
$000,000— male $UUO,000, and female $00,000; total value of products for the year ending 1st June, iSoO, $o,(iuO,OiH). The 
whole number of manufacturing establishments in the Stale producing to the value of $500 and upward annually, at ihe 
abvivc date, was 8,030, and of these two were cotton factories, one a woolen factory, 13 iron manufactories — G of castings, 
6 of pig iron, and 1 of wrought iron, and 14S were tanneries. Nearly one-half the total number of establishmonta are in 
and about Ht. Louis, where almost every trade and handicraft has gained a footing, while in the interior counties the 
maim factories consist of the kinds usually found in agricultural and mining countries. The total capital invested in manu- 
factories in 1S40 was $2,704,405. 

The cotton manufactures employ a capital of $102,000, and consume annually 2,160 bales of cotton, and 1,653 tons of 
coal, valued at $S0.44G ; employ 155 hands — males T5, and females SO ; monthly cost of labor, $1,620 ; products, 13,260 bales 
of baiting, and value of entire products, $142,900. 

In the icoolen manufacture $20,000 are invested ; 80,000 pounds of wool is used annually ; total value of raw material, 
fuel, etc., $16,(100 ; hands employed 25 — 15 males and 10 females, at a monthly cost amounting to $545 ; products of the 
year, 12,000 yards of cl-ilb, and 6,000 jniirs of blankets, valued in the whole at $56,000. 

The iroit mauulactures are slated, m Ihe census of 1S50, as follows: 

., , Capital In- Value of Raw Average Hands Montlily Cost Prndurt. Value of Annual 

wanuiitciures. veslcl. M;iteri.tl, elc. KniiJi-yed. ofLiibor. Tons. Producla. 

Pig iron $619,000 $9T,86" 334 $8,113 19,250 $314,600 

Cast iron 1^T,(XHJ 13:},1U 297 5,S30 5,200 336,495 

"Wrought iron 42,100 24,509 101 3,030 963 6S,T00 

In 1S40 there were SO men employed in the manufacture of iron, and the capital invested in all iron manufactories 
amounted only to $79,000, and hence Ihe increase has been nearly 1,000 per cent, in the 10 subsequent years. 

The lead mines have been comparatively deserted for the past few years, on account of the miners having gone to Cali- 
fornia, and other circumstances. The receipts of lead at St. Louis alone, in 1S50, was 56S.300 pigs of 70 pounds, being a 
decrease of 210,169 pigs from the receipts of 1S47. Of the receipts at other ports on the Missouri there are no accessible 
reports. 

In tanneries the capital invested amounts to $22S,095; value of hides and skins used, $247,950; hands employed, 417; 
monthly cost of labor, $8,347; sides of leather produced, 241,334, and skins t:mned, 44*493; value of products, $466,214. 

Foreign Commerce. — Missouri, from its inland jwsition, can never enjoy any large share of direct commerce with foreign 
nations. The U. S. Treasury reports, except for the year 1S44, have not mentioned exports being made du-cctly, and for 
that year they were valued at $293,901 ; but for many years imports, increasing in value year by year, are entered at the 
ports. Li 1S50 the im])orts were valued at $359,643. The value of imports in a series of years, commencing witli 1833, 
were as follows : in 1833, $5,SS1 ; in 1836, $3,227 ; in 1S3S, $15,921 ; in 1S40, $10,600 ; in 1S41, $33,375 ; in 1*42, $31.137 ; 
in IS-U, $120,673; in 1845. $544,291; in 1S46, $73,569; in 1&47, $167,195; in 1848, $14^8,560; in 1849, $130,3S2 ; in 1850, 
$359,643. The shipping owned in the district, of which St. Louis is the port of entry, amounted in 1S50 to 28,907 tons, all 
employed in the river trade, and of which 24,955 tons were navigated by sleara. During the year ending 30th June, 1850, 
five steamers, with an aggregate tonnage of 1,353 tons, were built in the district. 

River and Internal Trade. — Missouri, if shut out from foreign commerce, has a river and internal trade, which 
fully compensates its disadvantages. The Mississippi Kiver forms its great external highway, and the Missouri Kiver, 
with its wide-spreading affluents, gives it access to the interior. On these rivers an immense trade is constantly being 
carried on. St. Louis being the great receiving and distributing dep6t of the State. It would be almost impossible 
to estimate the extent or value of this commerce. In 1S51 of steamboats alone 2,&41 arrived at St. Louis, and of these 300 
were from New Orleans, 401 from ports on the Ohio Liver, 634 from the Illinois Liver, 639 from the Upper Mississijipi, 
801 from the Missouri River, 43 from the Cumberland Liver, 119 from Cairo, and 175 from other ports. These bring and 
take away the material of a vast trade, and give to St. Louis all the advantages that port could have if near the sea-bonrd. 
But beside these, barges and keel boats navigate all the waters, and perhaps transport an equal amount of merchandise 
with the steamboats. The whole tonnage entered in the year above named was 68=3,140 tons. 

Internal Improvements. — Common roads and bridges excepted, Missouri is almost blameless of works of internal im- 
provement. Every other interest of the State is far ahead of this, the most needful to its permanent prosperity. At the 
commencement of 1850 there were only five macadamized roads in the whole country, and these, all centering at St. 
Louis, only passed a few miles into the interior. The spirit of modern improvement, however, has not slept, nor have 
ihe people been unmindful of the benefit that the railroad will realize to the country. A splendid system of railroads has 
been provided for, which will carry two lines directly across the State — one from Hannibal, on the Mississippi, to St. Jo- 
Bcphs, on the Missouri, and the other from St. Louis to the mouth of Kansjis River— both intended to be carried ultimately 
to the Pacific Ocean, and from the latter a south-western branch will be built to the borders of Arkansas. From St. Louis 
will also be built a railroad northward and through Iowa to the settlements of Minnesota. Besides these a railroad will 
be built from St. Louis to the Iron Mountain ; and other roads contemplated are the Platte County Railroad, the Lexing- 
ton and Daviess County Railroad, and Ihe Canton and Bloomfleld Railroad. The whole length of these railmads pro- 
jected is about 1,200 miles, but less than 40 miles was in use on the 1st January, 1853. The following sums have been 
appropriated by the General Assembly to aid in their construction : for the Hannibal and St. Josephs Railroad, $1.500,000 ; 
the Pacific Railroad and its south-western branch, $4,000,000 ; the North Missouri Railroad, $2,000.000 ; the Iron Mountain 
Railroad, $750,000 ; the Platte County Railroad, $500.000 ; the Lexington and Daviess County Railroad, $300,000, and the 
Canton and Bloomfleld Railroad, $300,000. The right of way through Ihe iiublie lands is also granted by the General 
Government. With these means and facilities the works ought to progress rapidly to completion. 

JBanKs. — The Bank of the State of Missouri, at St. Louis, and its branches at Lafayelte, Jackson, Lexington, Palmyra, 
and Springfield, were the only banking institutions in operation on the 1st January, 1S51, and their aggregate condition 
at that date was ns follows: IJa7jilities—cnji\li\h $1,209,181 (of which $9r>4,205 were owned by the State, and $2.54.926 by 
individuals) ; circulation. $2,.522,500 ; deposits, $1,098,981, and due other banks, $76,280 ; and— irwc/s; loans and iliscounts, 
$3,53:3,46:! ; real estate, $123,928 ; other investments, $273,817 ; due by other banks, $63,028 ; notes of other banks, $37,515 ; 
496 



MISSOURI. 



and sjitcie, $1,193,203, There is a constitulional prohibition against establishing more than one bank, with not more than 
five branches, and the capilal is limited to $5,000,000, of which at least one Iialf must be held by the State. 

Goff>rMiieni.~TUe government is based on the constitution "done in convention" on the 12th June, 1S20. The right 
of suffrage is enjoyed by every free white male citizen of the United States, twenty-one years old, resident in the State 
one year before the election, and three rattnths in the place where he offers his vote. The general election is held on the 
llrst Monday in August biennially. 

Lfyij^UiUve pmcer is vested in a General Assembly, composed of a House of Kepresentativea and a Senate. Eepresent- 
ntive.s, in number not above 100, and chosen in counties every second year, shall be free white male citizens of the United 
Statfs. 24 years of age, inhabitiula of the State for two years, and of the county for one year next before the election, and 
shall have paid a tax. Senators, in number not more than 33, nor less than 14, shall have attained the age of 30, and be 
citizens of the United Slates, residents of the Stale four years, and shall be chosen for four years, one half of the senators 
retiring every second year. The General Assembly convener at Jefferson City on the last Monday in December, biennially. 
Ko laws shall be passed to emancipate slaves without the consent and payment of their owners, or to prevent immigrants 
from bringing with them slaves of the same description witli those in the State ; but laws may be passed proliibiting the 
importation of the slaves who have committed a high crime, or as merchandise, slaves, or the offspring of slaves, im- 
ported into the United States, and permitting emancipation, saving the rights of creditors. Owners are obliged to treat 
their slaves with humanity, and slaves, in criminal cases, shall have a trial by jury, and have the same protection in their 
iive-s and persons as white persons. Free negroes and mulaltoes are prohibited from coming into the State, The laws 
of the General Assembly shall be revised and digested every ten years. 

The Governor must be .35 years of age, a native citizen of the United States, or a citizen thereof at the adoption of the 
conslitution, or an inhabitant of the territory now calleil Missouri at the time of its cession, must have resided in the State 
four years next before election, and is chosen for a term of four years, but can not serve two successive terms. The lieu- 
U'nant-governor, who Is ea'-officio president of the Senate, must have the same qualifications, etc., as the governor, and is 
elected at the same lime and for thi- same term. The governor may veto a bill of the General Assembly, but a subsequent 
majority of both houses makes it law notwifhstan<ling. A vacancy occurring in the office of governor, is filled first by 
the lieutenant-governor, and after him by the president of the Senate pro hnipore, and lie failing, by the Speaker of the 
House ; but a new election shall be had after three months' notice, unless the vacancy occur within IS montlis of the end 
of the term. 

The principal administrative officers of the State are the Secretary of State, who is also Superintendent of Public Schools, 
the Auditor of Accounts, the State Treasurer, the Attorney-general, the liegister of Lands, the Adjutant-general, Quarter- 
master-general, and SurveyorTgencral, and the President and Cashier of the Bank of tlic State. 

The Judicianj consists of a Supreme Court and Circuit Courts, County Courts, Justices' Courts, etc. The supreme 
courtiias. appellate jurisdiction only. The three judges of this court are elected for six years by the qualified voters of 
the Slate, and are re-eligible at the expiration of tlie term. Two sessions are held annually, one at Jefferson City, and one 
at St. Louis. The attorney-general is ex-nfficio reporter of the decisions of the Court. A circuit court is held twice a 
year in each county : its jurisdiction extends to all matters of cost and contract over $90, where the demand is liquidated, 
and over $50, where the agreement is parole ; and it has exclusive criminal jurisdiction, and a supervision over the county 
courts and justices of the peace, subject to the correction of the supreme court. The judges of the cu-cuit court are 
elected by the qualified voters of their respective circuits, and for the term of six years. The jurisdiction of the county 
courts is limited to matters of probate and local county affairs, as roads, etc. A county court sits in each county, and is 
composed of three justices, who are elected by the people, and hold their offices for four years. Appeal lies to the circuit 
court. The county court of St. Louis County is composetl of seven justices. In addition to the circuit and county courts, 
St. Louis has a Court of Common Pleas, with jurisdiction very similar to the circuit court ; a Criminal Court ; a distinct 
Court of Probate, which relieves the county court from probate duties; and a Kecorder's Court. The judges of the circuit 
and criminal court are elected in the same manner and for the same term as the circuit judges. There is also a distinct 
Coart of Common Pleas for the city of llannilial. These are local tribunals, exercising jurisdiction only in their counties, 
except the Kecorder's Court of S'.. Louis, the jurisdiclion of which is confined to small offenses, and within the city HmiLg. 
From the Court of Common Pleas and the Criminal Court appeal lies to the Supreme Court, and the judges of the Com- 
mon Pleas are app(»inted like the circuit judges, with like tenures. The probate judge is elected by the people of the 
county for four years, and the recorder by the people of the city of SL Louis for two years. 

Amendments to ilie constitution may be proposed by a vote of two-thirds of the members of the General Assembly, 
and shall be published twelve montlis before the general election ; and if at the first session thereafter they are confirmed 
by a vote of two-thinls of the members, they become a part of the eonstitation. 

The militiaforce of the Stale, acconling to the Army Eegister for 1S5I), consists of 61,000 men of all arms, of which 
S,01£) are commissioned oni<'er». and 5T,0S1 non-commissioned officers, musicians, artificers, and privates. Of the com- 
missioned officers 45 are general officers, 94 general staff officers, 790 field officers, etc., and 3,990 company officers. 

The State institutions for the relief of the unfortunate, are tlie Lunatic Asylum at Fullon, completed in 1S52, and which 
in that year received twenty-three i>atients ; and the Deaf and Dumb Asylum at the same place, and yet completed but 
partially, which had seventeen inmates. At St. Louis there are several benevolent institutions, hospitals, etc., which in 
part are supported by the State. 

Siah' Flnnncen, Deht^ ^^-.—The receipts into the Treasury for the two years ending HOth September, 1^0, amounted 
to $7S7.0SS 71, to which must be added b.ilan-'c from the biennial period Ifi47-4S of $405,404 90— making a total means 
of $1,192,493 61. Expenditures in 1S49-50, $.'):J-2,5S5 S2, leaving a balance of $r,.'i9.no: 79, of which sum ^569.030 19 be- 
longs to the revenue fund. The Stale debt, exclusive of the surplus revenue deposited with the State, was $92'2,26I. which 
was tlie exact amount of State bonds sold and outstanding. Of these bonds, $34,000 have been redeemed and cancelled 
during the year. The sinking fund, at the date of report, amounted to $9,394 7?, and had claims to $3,497 54, dividends 
not re-invested ; and the State owns bank stock in the Bank of Missouri, amounting to $954,205 23, as follows: Of the 
scminsiry fund, $100,000 ; of the State school fund, $575,667 96; of the sinking fund, $6,273 66 ; and in its own right, 
$272,263" 60; but the hank claims a due from the State for money advanced and interest, $124,026 47. The value of all 
property, real and personal, assessed for taxation in ls.50, amounted, according to the State reports, to $93,695,463 but as 
truly estimated by the census of the same year, to $137,247,707. 

Federal Jiepre^en.tation.—\xx accordance with the act apportioning representatiou, passed on the 23d May, 1S50, Mis- 
souri sends seven representatives to the Congress of the United States. 49T 

P3 



MISSOURI. 



Education. — The public education Id under the charge of the Secrotarj' of State, who is ex-o^cM superintendent 
of common schools. The principal of the coramou school fund amounts to $575,667 96, and has been loaned on bond lo 
the State Bank, which paya interest on the amount semi-annually. The proceeds of this are distributed among the 
counties according to the number of chiUlren reported, and this proportion is distributed among teachers therein. There 
is also a seminary fund, amounting to $100,000. Private schools and acadcmiea are established througliout the State ; and 
besides these there are six collegiate establishments: the Mi:*souri University, the University of St Louiw, St. Vincent's 
College, the Masonic College, SU Chai'les College, and Fjiyelto College. The statislics of these sereral establishiucnta ia 
1S50, were as follows : 

Names. Locatitin. Founded, Professors. SluJt'nts. Alumni. Libr!iri''9. 

University of Missouri Columbia 1^0 . , 

University of St. Louis (R. Calh.) .... St. Louis lS-i2 . 

St. Vincent's College (R. Cath.) Cape Girardeau 1S43 . , 

Masonic College New Palmyra ISyi . , 



52 .... 


....26.... 


.... 1,800 


160.... 


....25 .... 


.... 12,000 


_ 


.... S5 .... 


.... 5,500 


45.... 


....1.3 .... 


.... 2.:550 


20 .... 


.... IT .... 


. . . . 900 


75 .... 


— 


— 



. 12 ... 

.17 ... 

. 10 . . . 

. 5 ... 

St. Charles CoUege (Meth.) St. Charl.-s 1^?T 4 ... 

Fayette CoUege .^ Fayette — 2... 

There are medical departments attached to both universities ; and besides the above, there are several tbetflngical sem- 
inaries in the State. 

LibJ'cries. — One State library, 4,6-37 volumes ; two social, 5,799 volumes; five college, 1S,4C5 volumes; fiv students', 
1,605 volumes ; one academic or professional, 500 volumes ; one scientific and historical, 300 volumes ; four public school, 
6,200 volumes— total, 19 libraries, 37,506 volumes. 

Periodical Press. — The whole number of periodicals published in Missouri in 1S50 was 74, circulating at each issue 
80,000 copies, or annually 4,675,650 copies. Of this number 16 were whig in politics, 17 democratic, and 41 neutral, or 
papers devoted to religious, literary, scientific subjects, etc., including all the characters of which is not named in tlio 
returns ; and of the whole number 7 were published daily, issuing 10,800 copies, or 1,220,400 annually ; 3 tri-weekly. 1,200 
copies, or annually 187,200 copies ; 3 semi-weekly, 2,200 copies, or annually 22S,S00 copies ; 51 weekly, 56,140 copies, or 
annually 2,919,280 copies; and 7 monllily, 10,000 copies, or annually 120,000 copies. The dailtea arc all published at St. 
Louis— the " Times,'' the " Intelligencer," the " Organ and Reveille," the " Republican," the " Union," and two German 
papers ; the tri-xceelclies at St. Louis, and are editions of the dailies, the "Times," the '' Republican," and the " Union" ; 
the semi-iceeklies at St Louis, Independence, and Boonvillo ; the iceeklies—l^ at St. Louis, 5 of which are editions of the 
dailies, 1 at Warsaw, 1 at Columbia, 2 at Sparta, 1 at Fulton, 1 at Jaclcson, 2 at Cape Girardeau, 1 at Brunswick, 1 at 
Liberty, 2 at Jefferson City, 2 at Boonville, 1 at Union, 1 at Hermann, 2 at Springfield, 2 at Fayette, 2 at Glasgow, 1 at 
Independence, 2 at Lexington, 1 at Bloomington, 1 at PalmjTa, 2 at Hannibal, 1 at New Madrid, 2 at Louisiana, 2 at 
"Weston, 2 at St Genevieve, 1 at St, Charles, 1 at Oseola, 1 at Paris, 1 at Monticello, and 1 at Chillicothe ; and the monthites^ 
1 at Hermann, the '■ Licht Freund," a German rationalist advocate, and 6 at St. Louis, the " Valley Farmer," the " St. 
Louis Probe," the " Insurance Reporter," the " Western Journal," the *' Bank Note Detector," and the "Signet." 

Edigioxi^ Denom inationfi. — The statistics of the several religious denominations in the State for the year 1S50, according 
to the census, were as follows : 



Denomina- No, of 


Cburch 


ralue of 


Denoraioa- No. of 


Clinrch 


Value of 


Denomina- 


«o. of 


Church 


Value ol 


lions. Ciiiirdiea. 


acn'm. 


Pn.jierly. 


tion-«. CUurthes. 


ac,:om. 


Troperlj. 


lions. CI 


urcliea. 




Properly. 


Baptist 273 . 


71,S5T . 


$151.4S0 


Germ'nRef. — . 


_ . 


$ - 


E. Catholic 


64.. 


26,102 .. 


$494,675 


Christian... 61 . 


19,370 . 


4-3,210 


Jewish 1 .. 


400 . 


7,000 


Swedenb'g . 


— .. 


— .. 


— 


Congregat'l. — . 


— . 


— 


Lutheran . . 21 . 


7,200 . 


S4,5C0 


Tunlcer 


— .. 


— .. 


— 


Dutcli Eef.. — . 


— . 


— 


Mennonite. 1 . 


200 . 


420 


Union 


11 .. 


2,350.. 


6,300 


Episcopal.. 10 .. 


4,200 . 


135,600 


Methodist.. 200 .. 


57,360 . 


280,245 


Unitarian . . 


2 


2,100 .. 


70,000 


Free 13 .. 


2,850 . 


4,400 


Moravian.. — ., 


_ . 


— 


Universalist 


1 .. 


250 .. 


500 


Friends — . 


— . 


— 


Presbj-ter'n. lOS . 


41,750 . 


235,970 


Minor Sects. 


17.. 


6,600 . . 


41,4-30 



— making a total of 773 churches, having accommodation for 241,139 persons, and valued at $1,558,590. Missouri consti- 
tutes a diocese of the Protestant Episcopal Church; and also the Roman Catholic diocese of St. Louis, in the ecclesiastical 
province of the same name. 

Historical ^i-^^cA.— Hernando de Soto may be said to have been the first European that beheld the river Mississippi, 
called by him (April. 1541) on its discovery the Rio Grande. Crossing this stream, probably some 30 miles below Helena, 
in the Slate of Arkansas, he traversed at the head of his adventurous band a goodly portion of the territory beyond. He 
is thought by some, but without sufficient reason, to have come during his march into the present limits of Missouri. The 
Mississippi was first explored in 1673 by Joliet and Marquette, and more fully in 16S2 by La Salle, and by the latter all the 
region between the so-called Illinois country and the Gulf of Mt^xieo was called L<misiana, and declared to be an appen- 
dage of France. From this time setllements began to be made in the valley, advancing from its northern and southern 
extremities into the interior. Canada had long (from IGOS) been inhabited by colonists from France ; but not till the begin- 
ning of the eighteenth century was the region bordering on the Gulf .ilike distinguished. Natchez was settled in 1700, 
New Orleans in 171S, and within a few years the whole territory was protected from Spanish invasion by a eliain of f trls 
extending from the lakes to the Gulf, Among these was built in 1719 Fort Orleans, near tlie mouth of the Osage, not far 
from the present capital of the State. In legal proceedings the region, now known as Missouri, was included by the 
French and Spanish in tlic Illinois country, but popularly and historically It was denominated Upper Louisiana. The 
State of Arkansas was included in the same division. Situated in the central part of the valley, the progress of Missouri 
was not rapid. Its lead mines were worked as early as 1720. In 1755 its oldest town, St. Genevieve, was founded ; St. 
Louis in 1764; and afterward a number of towns in quick succession. Meanwhile (1763) the jurisdiction of the valley 
passed from France to Spain and England, the Mississippi being the dividing line between their respective apportion- 
ments ; and by the same treaty Canada also reverted to England. France, afler a violent contest, had been despoiled of 
all her territorial possessions in North America. During the contest, numbers of Canadian French emigrated by way of 
the lakes, and going southward located in both Upper and I^twer Louisiana. Hence the first important iinpulse to the colon- 
ization of Missouri. The population of Spanish Louisiana, at the time of the public transfer (1769), w.is estimated at 
13,&10 persons, of whom 5,556 were whites, and the remainder negroes. New Orleans alone contained 3,190 souls domi- 
403 



MISSOURI. 



e';;';:^;;^^!^^^^. a river traJe had sprang up bet;:;;^^.;7^^m and southern portion, of the province, and 
the exports at this period amounted to $250,000 •|0'''J^'ly- promulgated as the law of the land. 

The character of the new government w.. ™-'-^' J;^ J^^'J^^ Up,^: Louisiana that^f the Lieutenant-governor. 
The highest tribunal in Lou.svana wa *f ,° ''"'^ J^^^J^^^^^Vhe infSor tribunals. Lands were granted bberally to 
The commandants of U,e vartous P°-'^'"!^^,^f''Xmerou emigrant, from Spain flocked into the country. In 1775, 
colonists, and every fac.l.ty was g.«n to sett^ler . Nume ous em.-ra l -^^.^ contained 460 inhab- 

St. Louis, originally a depM for tlie fur-trade, had >""''^'<''l '" . '^P™^ ^^^^ „.,tl, the English colonists, entered 

[u^nts. M this time the American Kevolunon was '^'^T^;^^^^^^ o Spain were sm4ssful. Meanwhile, St. 
into hostililies against England In Lower L™-ana and I-h^ a th arms^^^^ ^__^ ^^^ ^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^,^ 

Louis was attacked (1780) by a body of ^^'f ''f f' \\°''7;' '■■^^;^e"'p„30,« „„e killed in the town and vicinity, and it 
of Lake Michigan. During the stcge, wh.ch '^^'^^''J^t^rhad n" h„ timely arrival of General Clarke from Kas- 
is impossible to tell to what extent the ^^'^ "'f".^" ^J^'^^^f Jp/ae^ of 1783 put an end to hostilities. Spain re- 
kaskia turned the tide of fortune n> favor "f '"e sctth^ s The « ho cof Florida, of which she had been deprived 20 years 
t:^^ "'Z:"^!:^^ t:^^::^ ::r ^r io. country, .o the .mted states, r.a,n.g only her 

't:^™Sr^anishLouisiana,..non.n^^t^^st.^^ 

The hardy settlers of the western part of he ^ "'^': ,^'f;^"" ™^''between Spain and the Union. The foreign power be- 

Mississippi. As might have been f P^f^^Xf A^prrela^^^ the navigation of the Mississippi was settled by 

came jealous of the increasmg greatness of the alter ^ d^^P"^ navigation of that river. But Spain never acted 

treaty (20th Oct., 1795), by which Spam granted to "'^^mte^ Suites free ^^,^^„, ,^^,_ i„,,,,a, seemed inevit- 

faithfully in this matter, and '"rew obstacles m he way of Amen an n ^^.^^ ^^^^ .^^ ^.^^^^^^ ^^ ^^^^ 

able, and was only prevented by the cess.on ^ Lon. ana to Franc ^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^ ,^^^ ^_^^^.^^^^ 

power to the United States on the -^'''h /Pnl, 1^1 3- A' '",! '^'"'; ^^^,,3 „, ;„ agriculture in 1303 had been eh.efly cotton 

kants, of whom G,02S were living tn Uppe L»u s.ana The produas „ ^ ^^^^_^^^^ ^^ ^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^ 

and sugar-of the former 20,000 bales, and of the ^ ™» •'"g^'^f^^,, t„,itory, and consisting chiefly of flour, pork, 
extensive; its exports coming f™- "« P™-'!^;; »»*„'!. ~ ,0 «,000 tons. Thecommerce of Upper 

salt beef, tobacco, cotton, sugar, molasses, peltr.es ""^^ '"'"J;''^ ^ ,^ „„ between St. Louis and New Orleans, and with 
Louisi.ana was flourishing, and a pro.sperous trade ^^^^^^^^^J Th" anm"al c op was about 88,000 minots (264,000 bushel.,) 
the setUements on the Ohio, Cumberland, .and Tc^esseenve^^^^^^^^^ 

of Wheat, 84,000 minots of Indian -"'' ^^ ;^;';^P™°,tttTn about $70,000. Louisiana henceforth formed part of the 

title of "Territory of Louisiana." The -f "'^^-^^fX^IsVon of he present State of Louisiana into the Union, the 
Giranleau, New Madrid, and Arkatisas. In 1» "■ °" "^^^r ,C^^^^ from latitude 38° to 41o north, and 

name of U.is territory was changed to ■' ^'J^ZlZ^L und 'r the new governnu-nt was William Clarke. The leg.s- 
,he government became representat.ve. The B'f S°;7™Jj'^;, ",„/, „o,«„ „f iteprcsentatives, one member for 
lalnre consisted of a council of 9 .nembers nppo nted by \' ^ ^^^^'^^f ^^^J^, „„ „„ ,,,,t were gradually extended by 
every 500 free white n«les, elected by ' - P- - ^^ '^^.'^.^^'^J i„ frl the time of the purchase, sothat in ISIO 
.reaties with the Indians. People rom the ^-^''^ ™. ^'f/J;;^°„„ ^,.„ to Arkatvsas were settled within the present hm.ts 
the population numbered 20.&45, of whom all l'"' ^''^^ ^■^"" J '"";;,^ L Americans from Kentucky, Tennessee, Oh,o, 
of thekte of Missouri. The French ^^''■^J^^^Z^'ZZ:Zo'pr.^:^^<^nt The original setUers were quickly 
etc., .-md American habits, usages, laws, and '"='''"' ""^/"''""'^^^^^^ „t length the whole became a homogeneous 

me ged and alnv,st lost among the later and more f ^'^ ,^° P^^S 00 000 souls" St. Lot.is counted at this time 6,000 
people. Immigration was so rapid, that m ISl , the ''■"''"^Z^^OTUmT^hTvmT >f,ssissippi. In 1S17, application 
Labitants against 1,000 in 1804. It had •*;- ;;^^-°-°Jtr'a " 1 tltm'ion preliminaJy to admission into «.e 
was made by the Assembly to Congress for ''"'''°" ^ '° J'f^""' ''g^' ,,,3 a powerful party demanded that thenew 
Union. A fierce and stormy debate arose at once on ^^^ctsTot^a^ d for two years, threatening to tear the Union 
States should exclude slavery by the.r '^^'^^'''''l'''''- ^.I'ZZ of the compromUe resolutions of Mr. Clay, by wh.ch 
asunder ; at lengft, however, tlm debate w.as stopped ^ "'^P^]'^='=^ *^^^ ,J^t in no other new State north of latitude 
it was agreed that the institution of slavery sliou d be '<^'=°g°^°^ '" ^'''°'^„; f,^„,.,i by a convention of forty delegates, 
860 80'. The Slate constitution, somewhat mod.fled smee tts ^d^P -n, w s fram. y ^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^_ ^^. ^ 

whi* met at SI. Louis on the 12th .June. 1S20, and adopted or^ the Wth^n^y U ^^^^^^^ ^^_^^^ ^^.^ ^.^^ ^^^^ ^^^ 

census taken the s.ame ye.ar, to contain a popnlat,ono6M8^^^ 

present there has flowed a constant tule of '"'"'f ^'';'"J"" 'f J^^^^^^^^ „ini ,„ and manufacmres, though not made 
kgriculture and eon.meree have more than kept ?•''■'' ^'''^^''i';''"^;X;ther States, indeed, can boast of so rapid a devel- 

Mtssot^nt, p. v.. Pike co., M... : 44 m. S. K M^-gom.^ | ^ ^^^^^ ^"i^t ;^c^ ^o^^J^^^^ 

Mtssouat river : a large river of the Un.ted btates, r.se m f ""''• „^^^f^ .,„ „f ,he river to the height of 1,200 feet 

the Eoeky mountains, an,l Uakes this name =>"-'- >">'°° Ij^'J ^^^^ ircon'pfessed to the width of 150 yards, and for 

of three branches, denominated .Jefferson, Gallatm, and The "t 3 „ tTere is only one spot, and that only o a few 

Madison, in 450 10' N. laL, and 110° W. long. The spr.ngs '^^^ JlT^Zn could stand, between the wa er and 

which give rise to the Missouri are not more than a mUe J^>1'; "^ ^^ ^ ; ^^'^^^^t of the mo,n,tain. At the d.siattce 

distant from some of the head waters of ,heCoh,ml,..a, wind! the perpentota^^^^^ ^^^ _^ ^^„^ „, „« the 

flows W. into the Pacific oce.an. At the distance o 411 m_ . »"!» p'^j.^t;^;^. 'above its entrance into the M'-«-PP'- 

ftom the extreme point of the navigation of .ts ^^^^ ^'™ '^; eU, b^ 

branches, are what are deitominated the "Gates of the | The nv cr deseen , ^gg 



MIS 



feet in about m «• The lower and greatest fall has a per- 
pendicular pilch of 8T feet; the second of 19 feet; the Ih.rd 
of 47 feet • the fourth of 26 feet. Between and below these 
falls are continual rapids of from 3 to IS feel descent. These 
fulls, next to those of Niagara, are the grandest on the con- 
irnent. The course of the river above these falls is northerly. 
The Yellowstone river, 800 yards wide at its moulh, proba- 
bly the largest tributary of the Missouri, enlera it on the 
S W side, 1,216 m. from its navigable source, and .iboul 
I'sso'm. from its moulh. This river, at the place of junction, 
is as large as the Missouri. Steamboats ascend to lh« place, 
and could go farther by each branch. Chienne river, 400 
yards wide at its moulh, enters the Missouri on the S. W . 
.ide 1,310 m. from its moulh, in 44° 20' N. lat. White river, 
800 yards wide, enters it on the S. W. side, 1,130 m. from its 
mouth. Big Sioux river, 110 yards wide, enters il Sf.3 m. 
from ils moulh, in 420 45' N. lat, on the N. E. side. PlaUe 
river 600 yards wide at its moulh, enters it on the S. W. 
side, 600 m. from its moulh, in 40° 50' N. lat. Kanzas river, 
238 yards wide at its mouth, enters it on the S. W. side, in 
890 V N lat, at the distance of M) m. from its moulh. 
Grand river enters it on the N. E. side, 240 miles from its 
moulh, and is 190 yards wide. La Mine river, TO yards 
wide, enters it 200 miles from ils moulh. Osage river, .M7 
yards wide at ils moulh, enters it on the S. W. side, in 38 
81' N lat , 133 m. from its mouth. Gasconade river enters 
it on the S. W. side, in 3S0 45' N. lat, 100 m. from its moulh. 
The Missouri enters Mississippi river 3,096 m. from its source, 
which added to 1,253 m., Ihe distance lo the Gulf of Mexico, 
makes ils whole length 4,349 m., and it is probably the long- 
est river in the world. Through its whole course there is 
no substanUal obstrucUon of the navigation before arrivmg 
at the Great Falls. 

Distances navigable by steam on Missouri river and its 
principal branches 



Miles. 

Missouri 1,600 

Gasconade 66 

Osage 275 

Chariton 60 



miles. 

Grand 9» 

Kanzas 160 

riallo *0 

Yellowstone 300 



The alluvial fertile soil on this stream and its tributaries is 
not very broad, and back of this are prairies of Misl extent 
Through the greater part of its course the Missouri in a 
rapid and turbid stream, and in the upper part of its course 
flows through an arid and sterile country. It is over half a 
mile wide at ils mouth, and through a greater part of its 
course il is wider. Notwithstanding it drains such an ex- 
tensive country, and receives so many large Iributaries, at 
certain seasons it is shallow, hardly affording sufflcient 
water tor steamboat navigation, owing lo ils passing through 
a dry and open country, and being subject to extensive 
evaporation. 

MiBsoUBiTON, p. y., St. Charles CO.. Mo. ; on the N. « . 
bank of Missouri r., T" m. E. .leffc-rson City. 

MiTOHTiLt county, la. Situate E. on N. line, and con- 
tains *32 sq. m. Drained by heads of Cedar river, a branch 
of the Iowa. Unorganized. 

MiTcitELL, p. 0.. Sheboygan Co., TFiso. ; TT m. N.E.Madison. 

MiTciiELi^, p. o., Walker county, Tex. : 133 m. E. N. E. 
Austin City. ,„„ _ 

MiTOUEtL's Mn.1^, p. 0., Indiana Co., Pmn.: 12S m. W. 
by N. Ilarrisburg. . 

MiTCHEtt's Peak, Alleghany co., iK Car. This peak 
cnjovs the reputation of being the highest summit ou the 
E side of the Rocky mountains. It derives its name from 
Prvifessor Mitchell, of Cincinnati, who determined ils alti- 
tude to be more than 250 feel higher than Mount Washmg- 
ton. in New Hampshire. Ils height is 6,T20 feet. 

MrrciiEtL-8 Salt Wokks, p. o., Jefferson Co., Ohw. ; 124 m. 
E. N. E. Columbus. 

MrrCHELLSviLLE, p. r., Eobertson CO., T(n>i. : 8-3 m. N. by 
E. Nashville; on the line of the proposed II. E. between 
Louisville and Nashville. 
500 



MOB ^__^__ 

MiTcnELUsviLtE, p. o., Boonc co., Ki/. : 53 m. N. by E 
Frankfort 

MixEKViLLE, p. 0., Franldin county, Incl. : 60 ra. E. S. E. 
Indianapolis. 

MixTows, p. 0., Tioga county, Penn.: 101 m. N. by W. 
Ilarrisbur.g. 

Mobile county, Ala. Situate S. W. comer, and contains 
1,316 sq. m. It has the Gulf of Mexico on the 8., Moljile 
bay and river on the E., and a few small streams flowing 
into them. Surface mostly level, with some hills in the N., 
and covered largely with pine forests; soil of very moderate 
fertility, producing small crops of com and potatoes, and 
furnishing pasture for cattle in considerable numbers. Tho 
important interest of the county is commerce, which is of 
immense extent, as it has the transportation of most of the 
products of a back country, comprising the largest and best 
part of the State. Farms 249 ; manuf. 61 ; dwell. 3,II2T, 
and pop.-wh. 17,306, fr. col. 93S, si. 9,356-lolal 27,600. 
Cupitul : Mobile. PuUic Works : Mobile and Ohio E.U., etc. 
Mobile, p. city, port of entry, and cap. Mobile co., Ala. : 
on the W. bank Mobile river, jusl above its entrance into 
Mobile bay, 163 m. S. Vf. Montgomery. Lat 30° 41' 4S" N., 
and long. 87° 59' 04" W. The site is but very little elevated 
above the water, but sufficiently so for all purposes of con- 
venient drainage. The soil isdry andsandy. Immediately 
opposite the city, on the E., Is a large low island, covered 
Willi high grass and rushes, and known as " the marsh ;" 
above on the N. is a large swamp, extending along the 
banks of the r. ; and back of the city on the N. W., W. .and 
S., the dry sandy pine hills commence, affording delightful 
and he.althy retreats from the heat, sickness, and annoyances 
of the city during the summer; and here have sprung up 
the pleasant villages of Toulminville, Spring Hill, Cottigc 
Hill, Summcrville, and Fulton. South from the city, the 
shores of the bay are dolled for many miles with elegant 
residences, and these spots have been usually exempt from 
epidemic diseases. 

Tho city is not compactly built, except in the portions 
occupied by the eommerctal and business houses. Tho 
streets generally are wide, and run mostly north and south, 
and east and west. Much attention has been paid of late 
years to planting shade trees along the pavements, and tho 
comfort and probably the health of the place has been much 
improved thereby. The prevailing winds during the winter 
mouths are the N. and N. E. ; from the middle of April (a' 
which time the warm spring weather begins), the S. 
winds, cool, refreshing, and laden with moisture, make the 
heal quite bearable, and these, being also the prevailing 
summer winds, even in that hot season, negative in a great 
measure the climatic extreme. The climate, however, is 
warm and relaxing to the energies, and even in the winter 
months is trying to the constitution, from the many and 
sudden changes that occur. During the coldest weather 
the ground is but seldom frozen. Most rain faUs in Decem- 
ber, January, June, and July. 

No system of underground drainage has ever been at- 
tempted at Mobile; the light, porous char.actcr of the soil 
answering the same purpose, and making the streets dry 
immediately after the heaviest faU of rain. The city is sup- 
plied with good wholesome water through the water-works 
from a stream some few miles distant 

The sanitary condition of Mobile has greatly improved of 
late years; for a long period it enjoyed tho uneuviablo 
reputation of being a very unhealthy place, and the devas- 
tating epidemics of 1819-25-29-37-39, and '48, in truth g.ave 
a coloring to the accusation. Since the last-named year 
there has been no severe visitation of sickness, which may 
be accounted for in some measure by the fact, that tho wet, 
muddy morasses that untd then had occupied the northern 
part of Ihe city have been fllled in, and their places are now 
the sites of large cotton presses and warehouses. The deaths 
in 1849-50 numbered only 611, or one lo every 33^ living. 
A belter system of drainage has also been adopted, and 



MOB 



MOH 



more exertion has been used in cleansing and purifying Uie 
streets than heretofore. 

Mobile contains the county court-house, several United 
Blnles courts, the municipal courts, the city Iinll, a j:iil. and 
other public buildin.^ : a splendid Koman Catholic cathedral, 
numerous churches of various denominations, hospitals, 
schools, markets, a thealre and circus, several first-class 
hotels, etc. Tlic hospit^ds— the Cnited fitatos Marine Hos- 
pital and the City Hospital — are large and commodious 
buildings, each capable of accommodating from '250 to 300 
patients ; and there are other cliarilable institutions worthy 
of notice, among whiih stand pre-eminent the Calliolicand 
Protestant Orplian vVsylums, the Benevolent Society, which, 
among other functions, has charge of destitute widows, and 
the Samaritan Society. A blind asylum has also been 
founded, and an asylum f<ir the deaf and dumb provided 
for. There are three cemeleries belonging to the city. 

Mobile was originally a Spanish settlement, ami at a later 
periixl a portion of Louisiana. It was surrendered to the 
Americans in 1S13. In 1S14 it was chartered as a town, and 
in 1S19 became a city. In 1S14 the total valuation of prop- 
erty in ihe town was only $350,950; in 1319, $7&4.510; in 
lS-24, ^1,107,500; in 1S29, $'2,719.1-iS ; in 1S.34, $6,750,025; ia 
n-.l), $24.4^0,315 ; in 1S44. $18,l)9S,S77 ; iiil&49, $12,629,700 ; 
and in ISoO, $n,9?5,790. The population of tiie city in 15^30 
wa^3,194; in l^n, 12,672 ; and in 1S50, 20,513. 

The cwnttiercitil sUitistics of the city will be found under 
the head of Alabama. Mobile is the only sea-port of the 
State open to foreign commerce, and from this point is 
shipped the great bulk of tho cotton of Eastern Mississippi 
and Western .-Uabama, The total quantity shipped for the 
year ending Slst August, 1S52, was 575,104 bales, or one- 
sixth of all the cotton produced in the Union. Of this amount 
807.513 bales were sent to England, 95.917 to France, and 
27,fl4vS to other foreign States; and 144,626 coastwise to 
domestic ports. Staves, lumber, and naval stores, are also 
shipped in large quantities. There are two commercial 
banks in the city — the Bank of Mobile and the Soudiern 
Bank of .\labama. The Planters' and Merchants' Bank h.os 
lately closed its business. Mobile has four newspapers — the 
"Alabama Tribune" (indep.\ daily; the "M. Advertiser" 
(whig), daily and semi-weekly ; the " Register and Journal" 
(dem.), daily and weekly; and the "Alabama Planter" 
(agric), weekly. The local trade of Mobile is very extens- 
ive and valuable. The Mobile and Ohio E. It. will connect 
the city with the whole north-west; the Girard and Mobile 
R. It. will connect it with llie Atlantic ports, and a railroad 
to Madisonville will connect it with New Orleans. None 
of these are built except a portion of the first named. 

As a commercial mart of the Gulf, Mobile is second only 
to New Orleans in its facilities and available position. 
Immense rivers connect it with an extensive and highly 
productive interior, and a flue bay gives it access to the 
sea. Mobile Bay sets up from the Oulf. and is 30 m. long, 
and on an average 12 m. broad; it communicates with the 
Gulf by two straits, one on each side of Dauphin Island. 
The strait on the "W. side will not admit of vessels of more 
than 5 feet draft ; but that on the E. side, between the island 
and Mobile Point, has IS feet water, the channel passing 
■within a few yards of the point There is a bar across the 
bay near its upper end, which has only eleven feet Maler. 
Mobile river, which falls into the bay immediately below the 
city, is formed by the junction of the Alabama and Tom- 
bigbee rivers 50 m. above the city. A few miles bflow the 
junction it divides inix) several chaimels. The main "W. 
chaimel is called Mobile, and the main E. channel, which is 
the deepest and widest, is called the Tensaw. It is navigable 
for vessels drawing less than six feet water by the I'ombig- 
bee branch to St. Stephen's, and by the Alabama branch to 
Claiborne. In times of flooii it sometimes rises 50 or GO feet. 
The entrance to the harbor is defended by Fort Morgan, 
gitiiated on along, low,san<iy point, at the mouth of the bay, \ 
30 m. below the city, opposite to Dauphio Island. 



Mobile h-j.y, Ahi.: sets up from the Gulf of Mexico, with 
which it communicates by two straits, one on each side of 
Dauphin Islaml. The strsit on the E. side, between tho 
island and Mobile Point, has IS R-et water, while the one 
on the W. has only 5 feet. The channel passes within a 
short distance of the point. The bar at the upper end has 
only 11 feet water on it. MobileCity is situate at the head of 
the bay. 

Mobile rirer, Ain. : the great river of the State, is formed 
by the junction of the Alabama and Tombigbee, 50 miles 
above Mobile bay; a few miles below the junction, it gives 
out a large branch, calleii the Ten.saw, which also receives 
an arm from the Alabama, and re;iclies Mobile Bay below 
Blakely, and at the city of Mobile. It is navigable as far 
up as St. Stephen's, 93 miles, on the Tombigbee, for vessels 
drawing G feet of water, and steamboats of moderate ourden ; 
to Tuscaloosa, on the eastern branch, SuO niilt-s, and to Co- 
lumbus, in Mississippi, on the Western brancli ; its length 
is about 450 miles. Its tributaries are inconsiderable com- 
pared with its great length : the Bnitahatchee, Sipsey, and 
Okanoxui)ce, arc the principal. The Alabama, or eastern 
branch of the Mobile, is navigable to Claiborne, 100 miles 
from the bay, by the same class uf vessels that go up to St. 
Steiihen's, and for smaller steamboats about 300 miles by 
the win<iings of the stream. The two branches unite in 
lat. 31° 06' N., an.l long. 11° 05' W. In times of flood it 
sometimes rises from 50 to GO feet. 

Mob Jack bay, firg. : an arm of Chesapeake Bay, makes 
up between Mathews and Gloucsster. The Gloucester courtr 
house is at the head of the bay. 

MoBLEY Pond, p. v., Scriven co., Get. : on a small cr., 
flowing into the Savannah river, 104 m. E. Milledgeville. 

MocKviLLE, p. v., and cap. Davie co., Al Car. : 103 m. 
"W. Italeigh, and contains the county court-house and other 
public buildings. 

MoDEKA, p. 0., Ulster co., K. Y. : 73 m. S. S. "W. Albany. 

MoDi'.ST Town, p. v., Accomack county, Virg.: 102 m. 
E. by X. Richmond, and 2 ni. from the Atlantic ooasL It 
contains about GO inhabitants. 

MoirRELL's PoiNT, p. o., Colps CO., ///..■ S5 m. E. by S. 
Springfield. 

Mo^tett's Store, p. o., Columbia co., A'". Y. : 23 m. S. E. 
Albany. 

MoFFETTs-^HLLE, p. V., Audcrson flist., S. Car.: near the 
Savannah r., 101 m. Vs. by N. Columbia. 

MoFFiT'e Mills, p. o., Itandoiph co., X. Car. : 73 m. "W. 
Ealeigh. 

MoGADORE, p. o.. Summit county, Ohio: llS m. N. E. 
Columbus. 

Mohawk, p. v., Herkimer co., y. Y. : on the S. side of 
the Mohawk r., and on the line of the Erie Canal, 95 m. 
from Albany. The Mohawk Valley Bank is situate here. 
The V. contains several stores and workshops, and about 
COO inhabitants.. The "Mohawk Times" (free soil), is is- 
sued weekly. 

MoiiAWK river, y. Y. : the principal tributary of the 
Hudson r.. rises in the S. part of Lewis co., flows S. to Rome, 
where, turning to the S. E., it continues that course, and en- 
ters the Hudson r. by several mouths at AVaterford, S or 10 
m. above Albany. It receives West Canada cr. from the N. 
and Schoharie cr. from the S. There are several rapi'ls and 
two large falls in its course. At Little Falls it deswu'ls over 
a stony bed, and through a remarkable gorge in the moun- 
tain. 42 feet in the course of a mile. At Cohoes Falls, 2 m. 
from its mouth, it has a perpendicular descent of 70 feet, a 
short distance beh»w which there is a bridge across the river. 
The Erie Canal pa.sses along its 9. bank, nearly through its 
whole course, in consequence of which the channel is little 
used for navigation. Tho banks of the river are ver>- fertile 
—its whole length is 135 m. Along the batiks of the river 
there are a number of populoiw and thriving villages and 
wealthy cities. Tlie great wheat district of the State com- 
mences in the valley of the M-diawk above Little Falls. 

501 



MOH 



MON 



Mohawk Tallet, p. o., Coshocton co., Ohio : 07 m. N. E. 
Columbus. 

MoHEGAN, Bta., New Londou Co., Conn.: on the line of 
the New London, WiUimantic, and Palmer E. K., m. N. 
New London, and on the W. bank of Thamea r., 8S m. 
S. E. Hartford. 

MomcAN, t. and p. o., Ashland co., Ohio : 64 m. N. N. E. 
Columbus. Drained by a branch of Walh(jniling r. Sur- 
face rolling; soil fertile and productive. Jeromcsville and 
Mechanicsville are names of villages in the I. I'opulation 
of 1 1,7T5. 

MouKSViLLE, p. o. and ata., Berks CO., Penn. .■ on the line 
of the Philadelphia and Beading E. E., 68 m. N. W. Phila- 
delphia. The Windsor iron furnace located hero has an 
annual capacity of 1,200 tons. 

MoiBA, t. and p. v., Franlilin co., K Y. : 15T m. N. N.TV. 
Albany. Drained by branches of Salmon and St. Eegis 
rivers. Surface even ; soil fertile. The Northern (Ogdens- 
burg) E. E. crosses the t, on which is the sta., 47 m. E. of 
Ogdensburg. Pop. of t. 1,.S40. 

MoLALLA, p. o., Clackamas co., Oreg. Ter. : about 29 m. 
N. E. Salem. 

MouNE, p. v., Eock Island Co., III. : on the E. side of the 
Mississippi, 5 m. above Eock Island City, 127 m. N. N. W. 
SpringBeld. It lies opposite the head of Eock Island, where 
there is excellent water-power, is extensively engageil in 
manufacturing and milling, and has aljout 1,0110 inhabitants. 
MouNO, p. o., Lincoln county, Tenn.: 68 m. S. by E. 
Nashville. 
MoLiso, p. o., Tippah co., J/i'ss. ; 188 m. N. E. Jackson. 
MOUKO, p. o., Eandolph Co., AIM. : 82 m. N. E. Jackson. 
MoLiMO Del Eev, p. o., Arkansas co., Arlc. : 10 m. W. 
of White r., 06 m. S. E. by E. Little Eock. 
MoLLlHOKN, p. o., Newberry dist., S. Car. 
MoLLTowN, p. o., Berks county, Fenn. : 86 m. E. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

MoLUNKus river. Me. : rises near the E. line of Penob- 
scot CO. and empties into the Matawamkeag, about 1 m. E. 
of its S. entrance into tlie Penobscot. Its course is S. S. E., 
and passes through a densely Umbered region about 60 m., 
affording great water-power. 

Momenee, p. v., Will CO., III. : on the right banlt of Kan- 
kakee r., 144 m. N. E. Springfield. 

MoNAnNocK mountain, Cheshire CO., A^ TTiimp. : lies be- 
tween the towns of Jaffrey and Dublin, 10 m. N. of the S. 
line of the State, and extends N. and S. about fi m. and 
E. and W. about 3 m. The highest peak, called Grand 
Monadnock, is 3,718 feet above the ocean level, and com- 
mands a view of the country around it for 50 m. on every 
Bide. The summit is bare rock, but the prospect is one of 
remarkable beauty. At its base is a mineral spring, and 
large quantities of plumbago are fi.und on the E. side. 

MosAGAN, p. o., St, Clair CO., Mo. : on a branch of Osage 
r. so called, 102 m. W. 9. W. Jefferson City. 

MoNCHES, p. o., Waukesha co., Wise. : 55 m. E. by N. 
Madison. 

MoNCLovA, p. o., Lucas county, Ohio : 114 m. N. by W. 
Columbua. 
MoNEF.K, p. o., Winneshiek CO., la.: 103 m. N. by W. 

Iowa City. 

MoKEV Creek, p. o., M'Lean co., III. : on a branch of 
Mackinaw cr., 69 m. N. N. E. Springfield. 

MoNQAOP, p. 0., Sullivan co., if. Y. : 93 m. S. W. by S. 
Aliiany. 

MoNQAUP Tallet, p. o., Sullivan county, A. 3.: 86m. 
8. W. by S. Albany. 

MoNGOQniNONG, p. T., La Grange co., /«<?. ; on the N. 
Bide of Pigeon r, 137 m. N. by E. Indianapolis. A plank- 
road connects it with the Michigan Southern K. E. 

MosisTiQUE river, Schoolcraa Co., Mich. : rises near the 

8. shore of Lake Superior, and empties into the N. end of 

Lake Michigan, after draining with its numerous branches 

the E. half of Schoolcraft co., and receiving from the W. the 

502 



waters of Monistique lake, a large sheet of water ou its S. 
border. 

Moniteau county, Mo. Situate centrally, and contains 
889 sq. m. Drained by Moniteau cr. and Straight and 
South forks of Moreau cr., aflluenta of the Missouri, which 
forms ita N. E. boundary. Surface uneven ; soil mostly fer- 
tile, and adapted for grazing. Corn is the staple cereal. 
Wheat and tobacco are successful crops, cattle are reared in 
large numbers, and pork is a considerable export. It has 
good mill streams, plenty of timber, and some iron ore. 
Farms 761 ; manuf. 15 ; dwell. 901, and pop.— wh. 5,4.34, ft. 
col. 4, si. 666— total 0,004 Capital : California. 

Monk's Cornei^s, p. o., Charleston district, >?. Car.: on 
Cooper cr., near its head, 81 m. S. E. Columbia. 

Monk's Store, p. o., Sampson co., N. Car. : 44 m. S. S. E. 
Ealcigh. 

Monkton, t. and p. o., Addison co., Verm. : 26 m. W. 
Montpelier. Drained by Lewis cr. and its branches, on 
which are several mills. Surface uneven, and soil fertile. 
It is a fine grazing t., exporting live-stock, wool, and dairy 
produce. In Uie S. superior iron ore and porcelain clay are 
extensively dug. Pop. 1,246. 

Monkton Mills, p. v., Baltimore co., Md. : on Great 
Gunpowder Falls, 34 m. N. by W. Annapolis. It is on the 
Baltimore and Susquehanna E. E., 22 m. N. Baltimore, and 
contains large flouring mills. 

MoN.MouTH county. A''. Jer. Situate E. middle, and con- 
tains 61S sq. m. P.aritan and New York bays bound it N., 
the Atlantic E., and it is drained by small streams flowing 
into them and the Delaware. Surface generally level, with 
the Highlands of Navcsink in the N. ; soil of marine for- 
mation, with parts loo sandy for tillage ; but abundance 
of marl, by the application of which and good cultivation, 
it is mostly very productive. Corn, rye, potatoes, wheat, 
buckwheat, and oats are all good crops. It has some excel- 
lent dairies, and ex-ports beef, wool, and pork. Iron ore and 
marl are extensively found, and pine timber abounds in 
parts. Its water-power is considerable and manufactures 
various, principally lumber, liquors, iron, iron-ware, leather, 
woolens, and cordage. Farms 2,014 : manuf. 214 ; dwell. 
5,155, and pop.— wh.27,927, fr. col. 2,311, si. 75— total 30,313. 
Capital : Freehold. 

MoNMonTu, p. v., and cap. Warren co., III. : about 3 m. 
S. of Cedar fork of Henderson's r., 91 m. N. W. by N. 
SpringHeld. It has a fine situation for trade in farming 
products, with limestone and coal aljundant in the vicinity, 
and contains a ojurt-house and jail, a high school, and IB or 
20 stores. The " M. Atlas" (indep.) is published here weekly. 
MoNMorTH, p. v., Adams co., Ind. : on SL Mary's r., 116 
m. N. E. Indianapolis. A plank-road passes along Iho 
river from Decatur to Fort Wayne. Near the v. are good 
mill-sites and several mills. 

Monmouth, t. and p. v., Kennebec co.. Me.: 16 m. 8. W. 
Augusta. It contains several large ponds which feed excel- 
lent mill streams. Surface uneven ; soil fertile, producing 
good grain crops and supporting fine dairies. The v. eon- 
tains an academy and several stores. The Androscoggin 
and Kennebec E. E. crosses the t. and has a sta. in it., 47 m. 
from Portland. Pop. of t 1,925. 

MoNocAOT, sta., Frederick county, Md. : 69 m. W. of 
Baltimore, on the Baltimore an<l Ohio E. E. 

Mo^ocACY river, Penn. and Md. : rises in Adams co., 
Penn., and flows S. S. W. about 70 m., empt)ing into the 
Potomac 28 m. below Harper's Ferry. 

MoKOMOY island, Mass. : a long, narrow island in the 
Atlantic Ocean, on the 8. side of Barnstable co., belonging 
to Chatham. 

MoNoN, p. 0., White county, Ind. : S2 ra. N. N. W. 
Indianapolis. 
Monona, p. o., Clayton co., la. : 94 m. N. by E. Iowa City. 
MONOSGAUELA river, rirg. and Pmn.: rises in Ean- 
dolph CO., Yirg., on the W. ba.se of the Laurel Mountains, 
and after a generally N. course of about 300 m., unites with 



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Uit' Alleghany at Pittsburg, the Ohio being formed by their 
junetiori. Its principal affluents are Cheat and Yioughiog- 
eny rivers, which flow inlo it from the E. It is ascended 
by boats in favorable seasons 2n(l m., and large boats can 
always come up to Brownsville, GO m. from its mouth. 

MoNoNOAUELA CiTY, p. V., Washington co., Penn.: on 
the left bank of Monongahela n, iri5 ni. W. Harrisburg. It is 
on the National Road, and contains several mills and stores. 
Monongalia eounty, Virg. Situate N. W., and contains 
SOS sq. m. Drained by Monongahela and Cheat rivers. 
Surface elevated and broken; soil very fertile, Avith excel- 
lent pastures. Com, wheat, and oats are the staples, and 
usually large crops. Fine dairies, lari;e numbers of cattle, 
and very large flocks of sheep are su]iported on the grazing 
hmd, and wool is a \ aluable export. The county abounds 
in iron ore and bituminous coal, and manufactures iron, 
flour, l(.-alher, woolens, and distilled liquors. Farms ~-21 ; 
nianuf. 5T ; dwell. 2,124, and pop.— wh. I2.09-2, fr. cd. 119, 
El. 17G — total 12,3S7. Capital: Morgautown. Public 
^Yo}■kfi : Baltimore and Ohio E. E. 

MoNOQUET, p. v., Kosciusko CO., Ii)(l. : about 2 m. "W. of 
Tippecanoe r., 123 m. N. by E. Indianajiolis. 

MoNROS county, Ala. Situate S. W., and contains 1,063 
sq. m. Bounded "W. by the Alabama, and drained by its 
affluents. Little r. and Flat and Limestone creeks. Surface 
mostly level or slightly uneven ; soil of average fertility, with 
sonic very productive land on the streams, near which are 
also marshes adapted to rice-growing. Cotton is the staple 
and corn the leading cereal. Farms 6tl2 ; manuf. 23; 
dwell. 1,005, and pop.— wh. 5,64S, fr. col. 40, si. G,325— total 
12,013. Capital : Claiborne. 

MoNEOE county, Arlr. Situate E. middle, and contains 
1,059 sq. ra. Drained by "White r.. Cache r., and Lick cr. 
Surface level, and in parts low and swampy; soil ferlile. 
Corn and cotton are the chief crops, and the produce not 
large. Pork is exported and cattle are reared in small num- 
bers. It has excellent ash and cypress timber. Farms 13-3 ; 
nianuf. ; dwell. 310, and pop.— wh. 1,G52, fr. col. 2, si. 335— 
total 2.049. Oipital : Lawrenceville. 

Monroe county, Flor. Situate S., and contains about 
2,050 sq. m. Caloosahatchee r. bounds il N., and it has but 
few streams, all which flow into the Gulf. Surface low and 
mostly swamps, densely covered witli pine, cypress, cedar, 
and magnolia trees of great size. The main land is scarcely 
settled by whites. The islands known as the Florida Keys 
are comprised in its limits. The principal business of the 
inhaiiitanis is assisting wrecked vessels, which are often Inst 
on the dangerous reefs around them. Farms 6 ; manuf. 11 ; 
dwell. 420, and pop.— wh. 2,0S6, fr. col. 126, si. 431— total 
2,643. Capital : Key "West, 

Monroe county, Ga. Situate W. centrally, and contains 
422 sq. m. Bounded E. by the Ocmulgee and drained by 
its branches. Surface pleasantly diversified ; soil very fer- 
tile. Cotton is the staple, and a very large amount is raised. 
Com is the chief grain, and wheat a very successful crop, 
but cotton commands the most attention. Farms "46; 
nianuf. 2; dwell. 1,194, and pop.— wh. G,S10, fr. col. 5, si. 
10,1T0— total 16,9S5. Capital: Forsyth. Puhlic Works: 
Macon and Western R. E. 

Monroe county. III. Situate S. "W., and contains 414 
sq. m. Drained by Fountain cr. of the Mississippi, whicli is 
its W. boundary, and Eichlan<l and Horse creeks of the 
Kaskaskia. Surface level, broken only I>y the bluffs along 
the Mississippi, and much of it prairie; soil of great fertilily ; 
the celebrated ''American Bottom" lies between the bluffs 
and the Mississippi, which is woo'led near the river, and back 
is prairie of inexhaustible fertilily. Corn is the chief crop. 
"SVheat grows well, and the rearing of cattle and the fatten- 
ing of pork is much attended to. It lies opposite the great 
lead region of Missouri, and lead, copper, an<l iron are found 
In the W. part. Farms 874 ; manuf. 33 ; dwell. 1,421. and 
population— wh. T,633, fr. col. 46— total 7,679. Capital: 
Harrison vUle. 



MoNcot: county, Ind. Situate 3. W. centrally, and con 
tains 420 sq. m. Drained by Salt, Clear, and Bean Blossom 
creeks. Surface mostly uneven, rolling near the centre, and 
originally heavily timbered ; soils excellent ; in the bottoms 
verj' rich. Com and wheat are the staples, and pork a con- 
siderable export. It has good water-power, and extensive 
manufactories of iron, flour, woolens, and leather. Iron oro 
is abundant, and salt springs aro found. Farms 1,230; 
manuf. 46; dwell. 1,S92, and pop.— wh. 11,259, fr. col. 27— 
total 11.2SG. Capital: Bloomington. Public Works :]iiew 
Albany and Salem E. E. 

Monroe county, la. Siluale S. E. centrally, and contains 
432 sq. m. Drained by Cedar, Gray's, Miller's, Upper and 
Lower Avery's, and Soap creeks, branches of the Dos 
Moines, which touches the N. E. corner. Surface rolling 
and slightly broken ; soil ferlile, well timbered, abundanlly 
sup])lied with mill streams, and adapted to grain or grass. 
Corn, live-stock, beef, and pork are the chief products. 
Farms 337; manuf. 0; dwell. 515, and pop. — wh. 4,8S2, 
fr. col. 0— total 4,sS2. Capital : Albia. 

Monroe county, Kfj. Situate on S. line centrally, and 
cnnlaiiis 312 sq. m. Drained W. by Big Barren r. and it3 
branches, and E. by the Cumberland. Surface various, 
generally uneven ; soil fertile. Corn is the staple grain. 
Wlieat and tobacco are profitable crops, and some cotton is 
raised. Pork is the great export. Farms 740 ; manuf. 9 ; 
dwell. 1,190, and pop.— wh. G.902, fr. col. 23, si. S30— total 
7,755. Capital: Tonipkinsville. 

Monroe county, Mick. Situate S. E. comer, and contains 
547 sq. m. Drained by Huron r., Swan, Sandy, Stony, and 
Half-way creeks, and Kiver Eaisin, all flowing into Lake 
Erie, its E. boundary. Surface N. and E. level ftnd heavily 
timbered; S. and "W. rolling, and alternate prairie and 
grove: soil mostly furtile ; in parts sandy, and S. a sandy 
loam; admirably fitted for grazing. Corn, wheat, oats, and 
potatoes are good crops ; cattle and pork are exported. It 
has good water-power, and manufactures flour, woolens, 
leather, glass, and machinery of various kinds. It is favor- 
ably situated for trade on the lake, and is the great thor- 
oughfare for western emigration. Limestone for building is 
]i!enly, marl abundant, suljdiur springs are found, and a 
superior fine sand for manufacturing glass. Farms 1,277; 
manuf. 45 ; dwell. 2,544, and pop. — wh. 14.642, fr. col. 56— 
total 14,G9S. Capital: Monroe. Public Works: Erie and 
Kalamazoo E. E. ; Michigan Southern E. K. ; Toledo and 
Detroit E. E., etc. 

Monroe county, J/i'ss. Situate KT. E., and contains 723 
sq. m. Drained by the Tombigbee and its branches, Butta- 
liatchee r., \V. fork, etc. Surface agreeably diversified and 
somewhat uneven, with good water-privileges, and gener- 
ally a sufficiency of good timber ; soil fertile ; on the 
streams very productive of corn and cotton, the staples of 
the CO. Wheat, oats, and potatoes are thriving crops, and 
the pasturage fine. Neat cattle are raised in large numbers, 
and pork is exported. It manufactures flour, cotton goods, 
earthen-ware, iron castings, lumber, and leather. Farms 
S4S: manuf. 13 ; dwell. 1,576, and pop.— wh. 9,417. fr. col. 33, 
si. 11,717— total 21,172. Capital: Hamilton. Public Works: 
Mobile and Ohio E. E. 

Monroe county, Jfo. Situate N. E., and contains G57 sq. m. 
Drained by Salt r. and its branches, N., S., Otter, and Elk 
forks, Crooked cr., and Long branch. Surface moderately 
uneven ; soil fertile, a part prairie, and most well fitted for 
grazing. Corn is the staple ; wheat, tobacco, and potatoes 
are fine crops, and pork a very large export. It has fine 
mill streams, plenty of timber, and some manufactures. 
Farms 92G ; manuf. 21; dwell. 1,296, and p'>p.-wh. S,4G4, 
fr. col. 29, si. 2,0+3- total 10,541. Capital : Paris. 

MoNROK county, 2^. Y. Situate W. on Lake Ontario, and 
contains GOT sq. m. Drained by Genesee r., its branches, 
Black, Allen, ami Honeoye creeks, and Sandy, Salmon, and 
Little Salmon creeks, emptying into the lake. Surface 
sloping toward the lake, and broken into two terraces 



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parallel to it; soil a very deep, gravc'lly loam, of great f^-r- 
lility, and produces more grain than any other co. in the 
State. It yields the best of Genesee wheat, which is the 
great staple, and large crops of corn, oats, and potatoes, be- 
sides pasturing great numbers of sheep. The falls of ihe 
Genesee afford unsurpassed water-power, and move the 
largest flouring mills in the Union. Lumber, iron, elollis, 
paper, and leather are largely manufactured. The Genesee 
is navigable through the co. On the lake are good harbors, 
and Ihe county has a large trade with the interior. Marl is 
abundant, gypsum is largely found, iron and lead ores in 
smaller quantities, and in parts a valuable fire stone for 
lining furnaces and stoves. Farms 4.113; manuf. 526; 
dwell. 15,027, and pop.— wh. 86,973, fr. col. 077— total s7,GJ0. 
Capital: Eochester. Puhlie Works : Erie Canal; Genesee 
A'^alley Canal ; Buffalo and Eochester K. K. ; Eochester, 
Lockport, and Niagara Falls E. E. ; SjTacuse and Eochester 
Eailroad, etc. 

MoNKOE county, Ohio. Situate S. E., and contains 522 
sq. m. Bounded E. by the Ohio, and drained by Mus- 
kingum r., Clear, Sunfish, and Senera creeks. Surface un- 
even and broken ; soil generally fertile. Wheat, corn, oats, 
and potatoes are produced largely. Tobacco is extensively 
cultivated, and pork and wool are exported. It mamifac- 
tures flour, iron, woolens, leather, etc. The "W. abounds in 
iron and coal. Farms 2,G3T; manuf. 43; dwell. 4,S02, and 
population— wh. 2S,2S1, fr. col. TO— total 23,351. Capital : 
Woodsfield. 

Monroe county. Pejin. Situate N. E.. and contains 494 
sq. m. Bounded W. by the Lehigh, E. by the Delaware, and 
drained by their affluents. Surface rough and broken ; soil 
very fertile in the lower parts. Corn, rye, buckwheat, oats, 
and potatoes are all fine crops. Sheep are reared largely, 
and fine dairies are kept. It has much water-power, and 
manufactures flour, iron, leather, lumber, and woolens. 
Farms 904; manuf. 7G; dwell. 2,155, and pop.— wh. 13,170, 
fr. col. 100— total 13,270. Capital: Stroudsburg. Puhlic 
Wor/cs: Cobb's Gap E. E. 

MoNEOE county, Tenj}. Situate 9. E., and contains 76S 
sq. m. Drained by Tellico r., Cilicti and Lyon's creeks, and 
Tennessee r., which touches the N. part. Surface various : 
on the S. E. line a mountain ridge, and "VV. and middle 
large valleys ; soil generally rich, and much of it superior 
pasture. Corn is the principal crop. Wheat and oats are 
successfully cultivated, and pork exjjorled. Water-power is 
plenty, and manufactures of flour, lumber, eartlien-ware, 
iron castings, etc., are rapidly increasing. Farms 91S ; 
manuf. 59; dwell. 1.S16, and pop.— wh. 10,fi23, fr. col. 63, 
fil. 1,1S3— total 11,874. Capital: Madisonville. Fuhlic 
Works: East Tennessee and Georgia E. E. 

MoNKOE county, Yirg. Situate S. W., and contains 573 
sq. m. Drained by Greenbrier and Great Kanawha rivers, 
the last forming its W. boundary. Surface elevated, with 
the Alleghany mountains on the E., and delightful valleys 
in every part ; soil a rich loam, especially adapted to graz- 
ing. Corn, wheat, rye. and oats are very fine crops. It has 
superior dairies, and exports largely of live-stock, beef, and 
wool. Water-power is abundant, and small manufactories 
of flour, leather, liquors, woolens, and oil numerous. It has 
celebrated red and salt sulphur springs, and much visited 
sweet springs. Farms 910; manuf. 30; dwell. 1,570, and 
pop.—wh. 9,062. fr.col. 81, si. 1,061— total 10,204. CapiUil: 
Union. PuhlicWorks: Covington and Ohio E. E. 

Monroe, p. v., Morgan county, ^/rt.; 14S m. N. by W, 
Montgomery. 

Monroe, t. and p. t., Fairfield co., Cotm. : 43 m. S. W. 
Hartford. Drained by Mill and Pequannock rivers and 
branches of the Housatonic. Surface uneven ; soil sto'iy, 
but fine pasture land. Farming and grazing are the chief 
pursuits. The Housatonic U. E. passes through :t The v. 
is on high ground, and contains an academy and several 
stores. Pop. of t. 1,440. 

Moneok, p. v., and cap. Walton co., Oa. : 53 m. N. N.W. 
504 



Milledgeville. It contains a CDurt-house, Jail, academy, A 
dozen stores, and 600 inhabitants. 

Monroe, p. o., Perry co., Miss. : on Leaf r., 7S m. 9. E. 
Jackson. 

Monroe, p. v., Tippecanoe co., Ind.: 45 ra. N. W. by K. 
Indianapolis. 

Monroe, p. o., Jasper co., la. : 82 m. W. by S. Iowa City. 

Monroe, t. and p. o., Bedford co., Pejui. : 7S m. W. S.W. 
Ilarrisburg. Drained by Sliding Hill cr., and affluents of 
Raystown branch. Surface broken; soil very fertile in 
parts, and generally good pasture land. Farming and 
grazing the chief pursuits. 

MoNitoE, p. o., Uart county, Ay. : 73 m. S. W. by 9. 
Franklbrt. 

Monroe, p. v., and cap. Waehita par., Ln. : on the E. side 
of Wachita r., 146 m. N. N. W. Baton Rouge, It is at the 
head of steamboat navigation, and is the shipping-place for 
the cotton of a large and fertile district. It has also a valua- 
ble trade, and contains a court-house, jail, academy, several 
stores and warehouses, and 500 inhabitants. 

Monroe, t. and p. o., Waldo co.. Me.: 43 m. E. N. E. 
Augusta. Drained by Marsh r., a branch of the Penobscot. 
Surface varied ; soil fertile of grain and gmss, and well tim- 
bered. Wool anil lumber are exported. Pop. 1,60G. 

Monroe, t. and p. o., Franklin co., Mass. : on the N. line 
of the State, 101 m.W. N. W. Boston. Drained by branches 
of Dcerfleld river. Surface elevated and mountainous; soil 
adapted to grazing, which is the chief business. Pop. 254. 

Monroe, L. p. city, and cap. Monroe en., 3fic?i. : on Lake 
Erie, S7 m. S. E. Lansing. Drained by Raisin r. and small 
creeks flowing into the lake. Surface mostly level ; soil 
sandy, and fertile of grass and grain. Building stone and 
sulphur springs are found. The city is on the river, 2^ m. 
above its mouth, and has superior facilities for manufactures 
and commerce, the river affording great water-power and 
communication with the lake ports and eastern markets, 
Iteontaiasa court-house, jail, several elegant churches, an 
academy, numerous flouring-mills, and manufactories of 
various kinds, and 2,S09 inhabitants. Three papers are pub- 
lished—two weeklies, the "M, Commercial," and "Free 
Citizen," and a literary monthly, the "Seminar)' Waifs," 
This city is an important point in the great thoroughfare of 
travel and transportation between the E. and W., being tho 
E. terminus of the Michigan Southern R. E., which hero 
connects with steamer.^ for all the lake ports. The Tole<lo, 
NorwaJk, and Cleveland E. E. will soon be extended to 
Detroit tlirough this place, giving it a continuous railroad 
communication with the Atlantic cities. Pop. of t 3,f>4T. 

Monroe, p. v., Sussex county, iV. Jer. : 60 ra. N. by E. 
Trenton. 

Monroe, t. and p. v.. Orange co., K. T. : 92 m. S. by W. 
Albany. Drained by Eamapo r., a branch of the Pjissaic, 
which furnishes good water-power. Surface hilly and 
broken; soil adapted to grazing, with some fine farms. It 
is well timbered, and abounds in iron ore. The Eric R. R. 
passes through the t. Monroe station is 59 m. from New 
York. The v. is on the Eamapo r., and contains an acad- 
emy, several large stores and mills, and about 1,000 inhab- 
itants. It is surrounded by a great dairy region, and about 
3,000 gallons of milk are sent daily by railroad to New York 
from this place. Pop. of t 4,2S0. 

Monroe, p. v., and cap. Union co., N. Car.: on Eichard- 
son's cr., a W. aflluent of Yadkin river. 111 m. W, 9. W. 
Ealeigh. It contains a court-house, jail, and several stores. 
Monroe, p. v., Butler co., Ohio : about 5 m. E. of Miami 
river, SI m. S. W. by W. Columbus. It contains an acad- 
emy, several stores, and 213 inhabitants. 

Monroe, p. v., Overton co., Tenn.: about 5 m. S. ofE. 
fork of Obeys r., S5 m. E. by N. Nashville. It contains a 
jail and several stores, and was the former capital of tho co. 
Monroe, p. v., and cap. Greene co., ICwc. ; 87 m. S. by W. 
Madison. Drainctl by branches of Peckatonicn r. Surface 
moderately uneven ; boU generally fertile. It lies in iho 



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mineral region, and IcaJ aboumls. Tlie v. enntuina tlio co. 
buil'lings and several stores, and baa a valuable trade In 
the staples of the district, A literary weekly, the "Greene 
County Union," is published here. Pop. of 1. 1,140. 

Monroe lake, Orange co., Flor. : an expansion of St. 
John's r., near the centre of the county. 

MusROE Centre, p. o., Waldo co., Jle. : 41 m. E. N. E. 
Augusta. 

Monroe Centrh, p. v., Ashtabula co., Ohio : 17-i m. N. E. 
Columbus. 

Mo>'ROE Mills, p. v., Knox county, Ohio: on Yemon r., 
m m. N. N. E. C(jlumbu9. 

MoNROETos, p. v., Bradford co., Feim. : onTowanda cr., 
SS m. N. by E. Harrisburg. 

MoNRoETON, p. 0., Kocklngham county, i^. Car. : 76 m. 
W. N. W. Kaleigh. 

MoNP.OEviLu:, p. v., Monroe county, AUi,:S-l m. St W. 
Montgomery. It was the former capital of the county, and 
contains .several stores and 250 iiiliabilanls. 

MoNKOEViLLE, p. V., and new cap. Colusi county, Calif. : 
142 m. N. by E. Vallejo. It is a new v. on the Upper Sacra- 
mento, near Sloue creek, and lies at the head of low water 
navigalion. Boats of 3 feet draft come up to this point at the 
lowest water, and at high water first-class steamers land here. 
The land around it is of the best in the Sacramento Valley. 

MoNROEViLLE, p. V., Iluron CO., Ohio: on Huron r., S6 m. 
N. by E, Columbus. It has fine water privileges, and con- 
tains several mills and 12 stores. It is IG m. 9. of Sandusky 
City, on the Sandusky, Mansfield, and Newark R. II., which 
here intersects the Toledo, Norwalk, and Cleveland K, K. 

MoNROEviLLE, p. V., AllegUuuy CO., Feiin, : T2 m-W. byN. 
Harrisburg. 

Monroe 'Works, p. v. and sfa., Orange co., 2T. Y. : on 
Eamapo river, 9S ra. S. by W. Albany. Iron of a superior 
quality for the manufacture of cannon is abundant in the 
vicinity, and wrought in the works here, which are on the 
Erie li. II., 52 ni. from New York. 

Monrovia, p. v., Morgan county, I/id.: 21 m. S. W. 
Indianapolis. 

Monrovia, p. v., Frederick co., 3IU. : on Bush cr., 40 m. 
N. ^\. Annapolis- The Baltimore and Ohio E. li. passes 
through it 50 m. "W. of Baltimore. 

Monkey, p. o. and sta., Rockland county, J^. Y. : 100 ra. 
8. by "W. Albany. The sta. is 5 m. E. of Suflern's, and 3t m. 
from New York. 

MoNSON, t. and p. o., Piscataquis co., JiTe. : 69 m. N. by E. 
Augusta, It has several ponds, tlie sources of affluents of 
the Piscataquis, which furnish mill-sites. Surface varied, 
and soil mostly fertile. It has many good forms, and abund- 
ance of timber. Pop. 054. 

MoNsoN, t. and p. v., Hampden co., Mass. : on the S. line 
of the State, 08 ra. W. S. W. Boston. Drained by branches 
of Chicopee r., which supply excellent water-power. Sur- 
face agreeably varied ; soil very fertile. It has superior 
farms and orchards, and is extensively engaged in manu- 
facturing cotton and woolen goods, and various kinds of 
machinery. The New London, Willimanlic, and Palmer 
E. K. crosses the t, an<l has a sta. at the factories, 4 m. S. 
of Palmer depfit, where it intersects the 'Westeni R. R. The 
V. at the centre contains a hotel, several stores, and an oM, 
well endowed, and highly popular academy. Pop. of t. 2,S31. 
, MoNTACUTE, p. o., Polk CO., /(/. : 99 m.W. Iowa City. 

Montague, t, and p. o., Franklin co., Man.t.: on the E. 
aide of the Connecticut, 77 ra. "W. by N. Boston, Drained 
by Saw-mill r. Surface uneven, and soil various. It has 
many fine farms, and is well-wooded. A bridge crosses the 
river, above which, in the N. part of the t., arc Turner's 
Falls, much visited for the wlldness of their scenery. Cop- 
per and iron ores are found here. A dam thrown across the 
river, and a canal 3 m. long, with 70 feet lockage, faciliUite 
navigation, and furnish excellent water-power. The Ver- 
mont and Massachusetts R. R. crosses the t, and Montague 
fltaliou is 4 m. E. of Greenfield. Pop. 1,518. 

Q8 



Montague, t. and p. v., Sussex co., iV. Jcr. : on Delaware 
river, in the extreme N. of the State, 72 m. N, Trenton. 
Drained by Mill brook, and Big and Little Flat kills, which 
afl*ord power for several mills. Surface mountainous on tlio 
E., the Blue Mountains occupying the E. border; in tliu W. 
alluvial meadow. Soil excellent and well cultivated. The 
v. is on the Delaware, which is here crossed by a bridge, 
and contains several mills on Chambers cr. Pop. of 1. 1.009. 

MoNTA(;uE, p. o., Essex co., Virg. : about 3 m. "W. of 
Rap[)ahannock r., 4-1 m. E. N. E. Richmond. 

Montague Canal, p. v., Franklin co., J/ii.ss. ; on the E. 
side of Connecticut r., 79 m. W. by X. Boston. 

Mont Alto, p. v., Franklin co., I'viin. : 40 m. S. AV. Har- 
risburg. Here are located a furnace of 1.^00 tons capacity, 
a forge proilucing SCO tons of blooms, and 200 tons of bars 
per annum, and a rolling-mill making 3."^0 tons of bars and 
rods per annum, nio\eiJ by llie waters of Anlietam cr., and 
together employing a!>out 5(10 hands. 

MoNTAUK, p. o., Crawford Co., Mo. : (ji m. S. E. JetTcrson 
City. 

MoNTAUK Point, K Y. : is a bold promontory, constitut- 
ing the extreme E. end of Long Island, on which Is a stone 
light-house, erected in 1795. Lat. 4P 4' 10", long. 71^51' 
5.'S". It is 19 m. S. of Slonington, and 110 m. E. by N. of 
New York. The ocean presents peculiar phases of grandeur 
here, whether in calm or storm, and attracts many visitors 
to this place in the summer season. 

MoNicALM county, Mivli. Situate S. centrally, on Lower 
Peninsula, and contains S70 sq. m. Drained by Flat r. and 
Fish and Prairie creeks of Grand r., and Pine r.,a branch of 
the Titlibawassie. Surface imdulating, and generally well 
wooded with oak, ash, maple, and black walnut; soil black 
sandy loam, and mostly very fertile, with but little waste 
land, equally adapted to grass and grain, and free from 
stone. rarm320; manuf.5; dwell. 104, and pop.— wh. S91, 
fr. col. 0— total S91. Capital : GreenviUe. 

Montcalm, I. and p. o., Montcalm co., Mich. : 42 m. N.W. 
Lansing. Drained by tributaries of Grand r. Pop. 135. 

MoNTEBELLo, p. V., ILuicock CO., Til. : on the left bank of 
Mississippi r., 90 m. W. N. W. Springfield. 

Montello, p. 0., Marquette co.. Wise. : 49 m. N. by E. 
Madison. 

Montell's, sta., Baltimore co., Md. : 11 m. N. Baltimore, 
on the Westminster Branch E. li. 

Monterey county, Calif. Situate "W. middle, and con- 
tains 2,779 sq. m. Drained by Pajaro and Monterey or Sali- 
nas rivers. The Coast Range forms the E. boundary, sep- 
arating the CO. from the San Joaquin valley, and the Santa 
Cruz mta. in the middle parallel to them, dividing the co. 
into two extended valleys. San Juan valley, occupying tho 
E. part, is a beautiful and very fertile plain, with few lar^e 
streams, but rich mines of quicksilver and gold in the N.; 
the W. valley is drained by the Monterey, a large an<l well- 
timbered stream, is fertile, and easy accessible, lying on the 
Pacific, and having a fine harbor. Pop. in lb52, 2,75S. 
Cajntal: Monterey. 

Monterey, p. o., Eed Elver co., Tex. : 291 m. N. E. by N. 
Austin City. 

Monterey, p. o., Pulaski county, Inch : 93 m. N. N. "W, 
Indianapolis. 

Monterey, p. o., Davis co., /(/.; 70 m. S. W. Iowa City. 

Monterey, t. and p. o., Berkshire co,, Mass. : 112 ra. W. 
by S. Boston. Drained by Mill r., a branch of tlio Ilousa- 
tonic. Surface elevated and rough; soil good pasture land, 
and covered with fine limber. Grazing is the leading inter- 
est. Incorporated in 1S49. Pop, 701. 

Monterey, t. and p. o., Allegan county, Mich.: CG ra. "W. 
Lansing. Drained by Rabbit r. fln«l branches. Surface 
uneven ; soil fertile and well timbered with pine. Pop. 2;lS. 

Monterey, p. o., Berks county, iVn«.; 4-S m. E.N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

MoNTKREY, p. o., Dutchcss CO., K. Y. : 39 m. S. Albany. 

Mostei«;y, p. 0., Clermont co. CAM?;86m. S.W.CoImubus. 

605 



MON 

MoxTKKF.Y, p. v., and cap. Higlilmid Co., Viro- : 124 m. 
W. N. W. Richmond. It contains a court-house, academy, 
and several .stores. 

MosTEiir.v, p. 0., Abbeville district, S. Car. : 79 m. W. 
Columbia. 

MoNTKKEY, p. o.,M'Nairy county, Teim.: 118 m. S. W. 
Niishvillo. 

MiiNTnnEV, p. 0., Butler Co., Ala.: about 3 m. 8. of Cedar 
cr., 4(i m. S. W. Montgomery. 
Montkhky, p. 0., Owen Co., ICi/.: 21 m. N. Frankfort. 
MoNTEUEY, p. v., Calhoun CO., III. : on the rlsht bank of 
Illinois r., opposite the mouth of Otter cr., 03 m. 8. \V. 
8prinf;field. 

Monterey, p. c, Waukesha CO., Wise. ; 64 m. E. by 8. 
Madison. 

Monteiu:y, p. v., and cap. Monterey CO., Call/. : on the S. 
Bide of Monterey Bay, in lat. 36° .30' 24" N., and long. 121° 
62' 25" W., 101 m. S. by E. Vallejo. This was one of the 
largest and most flrequented towns of California Alia before 
the cession of 1S48, and was originally the site of a Catholic 
Mission founded more than a century ago. The harbor is 
unequaled for safety and access, and is capacious enough 
to contain tlio navies of the whole world togelher. Beliiml 
It the coast range of mouuLiins rises to a majestic heiglit. 
The V. is built on a wide, gently-sloping terrace, not far dis- 
tant from the shore, and only about 3} m. inlaml from the 
Vf. point of Pnnto I'inos. The vicinity is full of splendid 
scenery, and has a climate beautiful as the ofi-sung clime 
of Italy. Not being directly interested in the mining regions, 
this place has been neglected, but there is no doubt of iLs 
eventually becoming an iniport.nnt point in tlio navigation 
of the raeiflc Ocean. It was constituted a port of entry by 
the act of Congress, 2Sth September, 1S60, and the coUeeliou 
district of the same name includes the counties Monterey, 
San Luis Obispo, and Santa Cruz. Pop. of v. about l.COO. 

MosTEV.\LLO, p. 0., Shelby CO., Ala. : 5S m. N. W. by N. 
Montgomery. 

MoN-iT.viDEo, p. o., Elbert eo., Od.: about 4 m. W. of 
Savannah r, 92 in. N. N. E. Milledgeville. 

MoNTE/.uMA, sla., Macon eo., Ga. : 2 m. N. of Oglethorpe, 
on the South-western K. K. 

HfoNTEzuM.v, p. v., rike CO., III. : on the right bank of 
Illinois r., 63 m. "W. S. W. Springneld. 

Montezuma, p. o., Greene county, Wise. : 23 m. S. by W. 
M.adison. 

MoNTE-OTMA, p. v., Parke eo., Ind.: on the left bank of 
■W.abaah r, CI m. W. Indian.ipolia. It contains several 
stores and warehouses, and has a large trade in the staples 
of a rich dislriol, brought to it on pl.ank-roads from the E. 
and W.,and shipped by the Wabash and Erie Canal. 

MoNTE/.iiM.v, p. v., Caynga Co., N. Y.: at the junction of 
the Cayuga and Seneca Canal with the Erie Canal, 168 m. 
W. by N. Albany. Here are several a.alt springs, from 
which is manufactured salt of the best and purest quality. 
It is 84 m. by canal E. of Syracuse, and couUains several 
stores and large warehouses, and a population of SOO. 

MoNTEniMA, p. o.. Union CO., Ki/. : 172 m. W. by S. 
Frankfort. 

Montezuma, p. v., Mercer CO., Ohio: 89 m. W. by N. 
Columbus. 

Montezuma, p. v., and cap. Powesliiek CO., /<l: : 64 m. W. 
Iowa City. II is near Fisher's cr. of English r., and contains 
the eo. buildings and several stores. 

Montoomebv county, Ala. Situate 8. E. centrally, and 
contains 941 sq. m. Bounded N. W. by the Coosa, an.l 
drained by the Tallapoosa and Oakfuskee, Coloma, and 
Pi'nlala creeks. Surface moderately uneven : soil excee.I- 
ingly fertile. Cotton and corn are the almost exclusive 
(urrieullural products. The amount of eolton raised is sur- 
passed by few counties in the State or Union, and the qual- 
ity exi-elled by none. Corn is also a very largo crop, and in 
pans s..me wheat is grown, and on the rivers a lillle rice. 
It lies favorably for Irausiiortation of its products by water, 
606 



MON 

and commands the trade of several adjacent cfluntii'S. 
Farms 902 ; manuf. 0; dwell. l.SSl, and pop.— wh. 10,172, 
fr. col. 112, si. 19,611— total 29,795. Capital: Montgomery. 
I'tiblia Works: Montgomery and West Foint li. E. ; 
Montgomery and Mobile K. It. 

MoNTooMEKY couuty, Arl: Situate W. centrally, and 
contains 1,073 sq. m. Drained by Washita r. and Fourcho 
Caddo and their branches. Surface varied, with hilly por- 
licms in the N. and level tracks In the S. ; soil mostly pro- 
ductive, and well adapted to grazing. Com and live-stock 
are the staples. It has some coal and flue sulphur springs. 
Farms 216; manuf. 6; dwell. 319, and pop.— wh. 1,891, fir. 
col. 1, si. CO— total 1,958. Capital: Mount Ida. 

Montgomery county, Ga. Situate S. E. centrally, and 
contains 1,106 sq. m. Drained by Oeraulgee, Little Ocmul- 
gee, Oconee, rendlcton's, and Great Ohoopee rivers. Sur- 
face generally even, and covered with a growth of pine; 
soil sandy and of moderate fertility, except on some of the 
streams, where rich swamps abound. Corn and cotton aro 
raised In small quantities, and a little sugar and rice. Lum- 
ber and tar, pitch and turpentine aro small exports. Farms 
163; manuf 0; dwell. 236, and pop.— wh. 1,641, fr. col. 0, 
si. 613— total 2,164. Capital : Mount Yemon. PuUic 
Work.t : Savannah and Albany R. E. 

Montgomery county, Hi. Situate 8. W. centrally, and 
contains 720 sq. m. Drained by Macoupin, Shoal, and 
Beaver creeks. Surface high and undulating; soil very 
fertile. Com and wheat .arc the staple cereals. Live-stock, 
beef, and pork aro the principal exports. It has some lino 
mill-seats and growing manufactures. Farms Sll ; manuf. 
17; dwell. 1,051, and pop.— wh. 0,268, fr. col. IS— total 
6,270. Capital: Ilillsboro'. J'ublio Works: Terre Hauto 
and Alton E. K. 

Montgomery county, Ind. Situate W. middle, and con- 
tains 504 sq. m. Drained by Sugar, Big. and Little Kaeoion 
creeks, and other tributaries of Wabash r. Surface various, 
in the centre rolling, S. level, and near the creeks somewhat 
hilly ; soil everywhere rich. Most of the county was origin- 
ally heavily timbered. Corn is the great staple, and wheat 
a very fine crop. Live-stock, beef, wool, and pork are ex- 
ported, the last very largely. It h.as excellent water-power, 
and extensive manufaclures of flour, woolens, leather, oil, 
lumber, and earthen and iron ware. Farm 1,SS0 ; mannf. 
87; dwell. 2,971, and pop.— wh. 17,956, fr. col. 129— total 
18,084. Capital: Crawfordsvilie. I'uldic Works : New 
Albany and Salem R. 11. : Lafayette and Crawfordsvilie K. It. 
Montgomery county, la. Situate S. W., and conUuns 
432 sq. m. Drained W. by Nishnabatona r., and E. by 
Nodawav r.. branches of the Missouri. Erected 8i»ce 1850. 
Montgomery county. Ay. Simate N. E. centrally, and 
contains 644 sq. m. Drained by Ked r., of the Kenlueky 
and Slate cr. of the Licking. Surface diversified, ami soil 
excellent for grain and grass. Corn is the slaple, and the 
produce very large; wheat and rye are also fine crops. 
Horses, cattle, wool, and pork are important exports, the 
last especially. It has abundant water-power and growing 
manufactures. Iron ore is found. Farms S.'JO; nnmuf. 32; 
dwell. 1,103, and pop.— wh. 0,071, fr. col. 169, si. 8,073— total 
9,903. Capital : Mount Sterling. 

MoN-rooMERY county, Md. Situate W. middle, and con- 
tains 440 sq. m. Bounded N. E. by I'atuxent r., S. W. by 
the Potomac, and drained mostly by affluents of the Potomac, 
which afford excellent mill-sites. Surface diversified, with 
many hills in the N. parts; soils various, some thin and 
sterile, and some very rich, and productive of wiu'al, corn, 
and tobacco, the leailing products. It has manufactories of 
woolen and cotton goods, flour, leather, lumber, anil machin- 
ery, flour being the heaviest article. A variety of iron ore, 
used in making pigments, and gold, found in small quanti- 
ties, are the chief minerals. Farms 1,051 ; manuf. 71 ; 
dwell. 1,928, and jiop.- wh. 9.4.35, fr. col. 1.311, si. 5,114— 
total 15,860. aipifci;; RockviUe. PuWio irocfo; Chesa- 
peake and Ohio Canal. 



MON 



MON 



MoNTGOOTKV county, J/o. Situalo E. mid.lle, ami con- 
tains 594 sq. m. Drained by Oak cr. and An Oliivre r., of 
the Mississippi and Lnutri) r., a Oran.-li of tlio Missouri, 
whicli forms ils S. boundary. Surfaco inodcrati'ly uneven ; 
soil generally fertile, on tho large streams very rich. Corn 
and tobacco arc the chief crops. Much of tho county is 
adapted to grazing, aud the rearing of cattle. Mill streams 
are nunu-rous, timber al)undaut, and marketa convenient. 
Farms r.ltr ; manuf. ll! : dwell. IM. and pop.— wh. 4,«9, 
fr. col. 3, sl.l,03T— lotal.Vsu. Capilal: Danville. 

MosT(io.MEKT county, N. Y. gituato K. centrally, and con- 
tiins 850 sq. m. Drained by Mohawk r. an<l ils branches, 
the principal of which is tho Seoliaric. Surfaco hilly and 
somewhat mountainous, Willi alluvial plains on the Mohawk 
and some of its branches ; soil a gravelly or clayey loam, 
and generally very jiroductivo of grass and all the grains. 
Tho dairy is a great oliject of attention, and potatoes and 
all tho grains yield Hue crops. Ilulter, cheese, and wool are 
cxportcil, the last largely. Mill-silca arc abundant, aud oc- 
cupieil by numerous manufactories of flour, woolen goods, 
distilled I'iquors.and leather. There arc in Iho county seve- 
ral valuable limestone quarries. Farms 1,SS) ; manuf 207 ; 
dwell. 5,:»S, and pop.-wh. SUiJTO, fr. col. 413-total 81,993. 
Capikit: Fonda. Public )H);*s ; Erie Canal; Utica aud 
Schenectady R. E. 

MoNTGOMBBT county, JV: Car. Situate 9. in W. part, and 
conlains +S3 sq. m. Hounded W. by the Yadkin, and 
drained by ils branches, Little r., Tlltaric r., etc. Surface 
rough and mountainous, Willi beautiful valleys ; soil mostly 
fertile. Cotton is the staple ; com and wheat are heavy 
crops, and in parts tobacco flourishes. It has much good 
pa-slure land, and superior horses and dairies. Water-power 
is plenty, and cotton gooila, flour, leallier, and distilled 
liquors aro extensively made. Farms 541 ; mamif 14 ; 
dwell. 902, and pop.— wh. 5,055, fr. col. 44, si. 1,7T3— total 
6S7'>. Ciipital: Troy. 

MoNToosiERV county, OMn. Situate S. W., and contains 
40^ sq. m. Drained by Miami and Mad rivers and their 
branches. Surface gently undulating. Soil of great fer- 
tility, equally adapted to grass and grain. Corn and wheat 
ari! the leading crops ; rye, oats, and potatoes but little in- 
ferior. Very large amounts of pork aro exported, tho clip- 
pings of wool .are heavy, and the produce of tho dairies very 
valaahle. It has great facilities for manufacturing in an 
abundance of superior water-power, and easy communic-a- 
tion with marketii in every direction. The principal articles 
made are flour, cotton and woolen goods, iron castings, aud 
machinery, paper, and eiirthen-ware. Farms 2,00S ; manuf. 
224; dwell. 6,527, and pop.-wh. 37,078, fr. col. S4C-total 
88.219. Caiiikd: Dayton, ruhlic Works: Miami Canal; 
Mad Kiver and Lake Krie U. n. ; Cincinnati, Hamilton, and 
Dayton R. E. ; LitUc Miami R. E. ; Dayton and Western 
K. E. ; Greenville and Miami E. E. ; Dayton aud Michigan 
E. R. ; Davton and Xenia R. E., etc. 

MosTooMERV county, I'fnn. Bituato S. E., and contains 
608 sq. m. Drained by tlie Schuylkill, which runs on ils 
8. W. border, and its branches, which furnish excellent 
water-power in abundance. Surface moilerately uneven ; 
soil very fertile, especially on tho Schuylkill. Com, wheat, 
rye, oats, and potatoes are all very large crops. The dairies 
ore lart<e, and the land under very high cultivation, but the 
leading interest is manufactures. The S. E. consist largely 
of iron works, tho native oro being abundant, flouring- 
mills, tanneries, lumber, paper, and powder mills, and 
woolen factories, besides machine shops, and almost every 
branch of mechanism. Farms 4,450 ; manuf. 097 ; dwell. 
10,022, and pop.-wh. 57,442, fr. col. S49-total 5S,291. Cap- 
iUtl : Norristown. PiMic Wurki : Philadelphia and Eead- 
ing E. U. ; Norristown Branch U. E. 

MoNTGOMEKT couoty, Tfiin. Situate W. on N. line, and 
contains 45S sq. m. Intersected by Cumberland r., and 
drained by its branches, Ri'd r., Barren and Montgomery 
fcrks, and Yellow cr. Surthcc varied; soil very fertile. 



Corn and tobacco are tho chief crops, the produce of tho 
lalter being very large; wheat and oats yield well. Largo 
numbers of cattle aro raised, and pork is a iieavy export. 
Though a superior farming county, manufactures are nour- 
ishing and rapidly advancing, particularly of iron, for 
whicli it furnishes excellent ore. Farms 1.227 ; manuf. Stl; 
dwell. 2,flSG, and pop. wh.— 11,900, fr. col. 74, si. 9,071— total 
21,01.5. Ciipitiil: Clarksville. J'tMic II or/,s ; Nashville 
and Henderson R. R. 

MoNTOoMEiiv county, Tex. Situate S. E., and contains 
1,1S2 sq. m. Drained by San .lacinto r. and its mmu-rous 
branches, the largest being I'each, Caney, Spring, and Mill 
creeks. Surlias^ undulating and nearly level. The streams 
.are skirteil with timber, the rest is moslly i.rairie; soil in 
tho bottoms a deep black niohl of very great fertility, and 
the prairies arc excellent pastures. Com, cotton, and pota- 
toes produce great crops ; most of tho grains do well. Sugar 
can easily be grown when the laud is cloared, and cattle and 
sheep raised in immense numbers. Pine pr.dc miiuatis in the 
San Jacinto bottom, and in the W. excellent building limber 
is abundant. Ledges of " rotten-stono" and clay beds aro 
found plentifully in tho S., and sulphur and salt springs and 
iron ore are also found. Farms ISO ; mamif. S ; dwell. 260, 
and pop.— wh. 1,4:J9, fr. col. 0, si. 945— total 2,384. Capital : 
M<mtgomerv. 

MoNTooMEBT county, rira. Situate S. W., and contains 
4S5 sq, m. Bounded S. W. by New r. and Brush cr., and 
drained by heads of Roanoke r., which rises in this c<iunty. 
Surface rough and mountainous, witli beautiful and fertile 
valleys; soil mostly good, .an.l in parts very productive. 
Wheat and corn aro large crops, and tobacco grows flnely 
ill the bottoms. It has excellent pastures, and, lying be- 
tween the Blue Ridgo and spurs of tho Alleghany M.iuiit- 
ains, many small mill streams. Farms MO; maiuif. 0; 
dwell. 1,121, and pop.-wh. n,S22, fr. col. CO, si. 1,471-tot.aI 
S,359. a//)i(<;i.- Clifistiansbiirg. I'ldMa Works : Virginia 
and Tennessee E. E. ; and branch toward Iho Ohio r., etc. 

Mo.NTfiOMERY, p. city, and cap. Monlgomery co., Ala., 
and capilal of Iho State : on the left bank of the Al«li.-ima r., 
and at the head of steamboat navigation thereof, in bit. 
320 23' N., and long. 80° 20' W., US m. H. E. by E. Tusca- 
loosa, the old capital, which it succeeded in 1S47. The city 
is built on a high bluff, iind contains tho capitol and oflier 
Slate buildings, and tho usual county oflices, also cliurclies 
of the principal denominations, and is tho location of Iho 
U. S. land offlce of the Montgomery land district. The sur- 
rounding country is one of the most productive collon re- 
gions of the State, and from this point that staple is shijiped 
down tho river to Mobile, or carried cast to the Chattahoo- 
chee by the Montg.mery and West Point E. R., SS m. to West 
Point, and shipped to Appalachicola, in Florida. Wlun 
the La Grange P.. R. is flnished there will bo a continuous 
railroad route from Montgomery to Savannah, 407 miles, 
and to Charleston, 4S3 miles. A railroad is also projecled 
from Montgomery via Greenville to Mobile. Tlio news- 
papers published hero are, the " Stato Gazette" (dem.), daily 
.and weekly; tho " Atla.s-' (dem), and the " Ahibama .lour- 
nal" (whig), both daily, fri-weekly, and weekly; and the 
" Alabama Stale P.egister" (whig), trl-weekly an,l weekly. 
It is one of the most progressive cities of the S(nilh-west ; it 
was laid out in lbl7-in mo had 2,170 inhabitants, and m 
18.50,4.957. ,^ „, „ 

Montoomeut, t. and p. o., Hampden Co., M'm. . 94 m. 
W by S Boston. Drained by branches of W.'stneld r, its 
S W. boundary, along which the Western R. R. pa-sscs. Sur- 
face hilly ami broken ; soil adapted to grazing. It has much 
limber, and produces live-stock, bulter, cheese, and wool. 

Pop. 3S8. ,, T- . CI ™ 

MoNTGOMEav, t and p. v.. Orange Co., A. 1.. 81 m. 
S bv W Albanv. Drained by tho Wallkill and Us branches, 
which .supply it with numerous mill-sites. Surface hilly; 
soil clayey and gravelly loam, very pn.iluclive of griBS and 
grain, and mider high cultivation. The meadows abound 



MON 



MON 



in bones of the m(7.<ito(7on, and the most complete specimen 
ever (iiscovered was found in the E. part in lS4o. Manu- 
factures of various kinds are largely prosecuted, jiarlicularly 
in the v., which is on the E. bank of the Wallkill, and cm- 
tains an academy, a dozen stores, and a foundry, several 
mills, and 1,000 inhabitants. Pop. of t. 3,933. 

Montgomery, p. v., Hamilton co., Ohio : S6 m, S.W. by W. 
Columbus. 

JIoNTGOMEKr, p. 0., Sumncf eo., Tenn. : IS m. N. 2T. E. 
Nashville. 

MoNTGOMKRY, p. V., and cap. Montgomery county, Tex. : 
about equidistant from Lake cr. and San .Tacinto r.. 1"21 m. E. 
Austin City. It lies in a district licavily timbered with the 
best of building material, and contains the county buildings 
and several stores. 

Montgomery, t and p. o., Franklin co., Ver7it. : 45 m. N. 
Monlpclier. Drained by Trout r., a branch of Missisqni r,, 
which furnishes superior water-power. Surface rough, ex- 
cept on the river, where is a fertile interval. It is well 
wooded and has good pastures. Pop. 1,00G. 

Montgomery, p. c, Jennings co., Ind.: 65 m. S. S. E. 
Indianapolis. 

Montgomery Centre, p. v., Franklin county, Verm. : on 
Trout r., 46 m. N. Montpelier. 

Montgomery Cross Roads, p. v., Woods co., Ohio : on an 
E. branch of Cortage r., 94 m. N. N. W. Columbus. 

Montgomery's Ferry, p. o., Perry co., Petiii. : on the 
right bank of Susquehanna r., 14 m. N. W. Ilarrisburg. 

MoNTGOMERYviLLE, p. V., Montgomery co., Penn.: 73 m. 
E. Ilarrisburg 

MoNTHALiA, p. o., Panola county, Mm. : 147 m. N. 
Jackson. 

MoNTiCELLO, p. v., ftud Cap. Jefferson co., Flor. : 25 m. 
E. by X. Tallahassee. It lies on elevated ground, about 4 
m. E. of Miekosukie lake, surrounded by rich cotton plant- 
ations, and contains a court-house and jail, an academy, and 
300 inhabitants. 

JfoNTicELLO, p. v., and cap, Jasper county, Ga.: 31 m. 
"W. N. ^V. Milledgeville. It contains a court-house, jail, 
acndemy, about 20 stores, and a population of 600. 

MoNTicELLo, p. v., and cap. Drew co., A rk. : 7S m. S. S. E. 
Little Koek. It contains a court-house and a few stores. 

MoNTicELLO, p. v., and cap. Piatt co.. III. : about 2 m. E. 
of the N. fork of Sangamon r., 59 m. E. by N. Springfield. 
It contains a court-house, jail, ami several stores. 

MoNTiOELi-o, p. v., and cap. White co., ImJ. : on the right 
bank of Tippecanoe r., 72 ra. N. N. W. Indianapolis. It 
lies on a high bank on the edge of the Grand Prairie, and 
has a valuable trade and superior liieilities for manufactur- 
ing. The river may be made to yield a great power, and 
already moves large flouring-mills. The v. contains a court- 
house and jail, an academy, and several stores. The 
"Prairie Chit-nain" is published weekly. 

MoNxrcELLO, p. v., and cap. Wayne co.. TT;/. .• about S m. 
S. of Cumberland r.,92 m. S. Frankfort. It contains a court- 
house, jail, and apnpulation of 300. 

MoNTicELLO, t, and p. o., Aroostook county, 3fe. ; 169 m. 
N. E. by N. Augusta. Drained by .Afeduxnekcag r., a branch 
of St. John's r. It is densely covered with timber, the pre- 
paring of which for market forms the chief business. Pop- 
ulati<in 227. 

MoNTicELLO, p. 0., Pike county, Ala. : 4T miles S. E. 
Montgomery. 

MoNTiCELLO, p. o., Joucs county, 7(7. ; 49 m. N. N. E. 
Iowa City. 

MoNTiOEt-LO, p. v., and cap. Lawrence co., ^Fisa. : on the 
right bank of Pearl river, 51 m. S. by E. Jackson. It has a 
favorable location for trade, and is the shiiiping point for a 
large cotton region, and contains a court-house. Jail, acade- 
my, several warehouses and stores, and 500 inliabitants. 
The "Southern Journal'' (dem.) is published weekly. 

MoNTiCELi.o, p. v., and cap. Lewis co., Mo.: on North 
Fabius river, 107 m. N. by E. Jeffcrsou City. It contains 
508 



a court-house, academy, several stores, and a population 
of 450. 

MoNTicELLO, p. v., and cap. Sullivan Co., K Y. : 86 m. 
S. W. by S. Albany. It has an elevated position near a 
branch iif Mongaup creek, and contains a courl-liouse and 
jail, the clerk's office, 2 banks, a dozen stores, and SHO in- 
habitants. Two weekly papers are published, the " I'.epub- 
lican Watchman'' (dem.), and the " Sullivan County Whig." 

MoNTiCELi.0, p. o., Guilford co., K Car. : 65 m. W. N. W. 
Raleigh. 

MONTICELLO, p. v., Fairfield disL, .S". Car, : about 3 m. E. 
of Broad river, 23 m. N. W. Columbia. It contains an 
academy, several stores, and 350 inhabitants, and was for a 
time the capital of the county. 

MoNTicELLO, p. o., Greeuc co., Wise. : 29 m. S. S. W. 
Madison. 

MONTICELLO, p. v., and cap. Lewis co., Oreg. Ter. : 142 ra. 
N. Salem. On the 25th Nov., 1S52, a convention of the citi- 
zens of Northern Oregon was held at this place, and a memo- 
rial to Congress agreed npon, asking for the division of the 
present territory, and the erection of a new territory from 
all that portion N. of the Columbia an<i E. to the Rocky 
Mountains. This section was erected into the " Territory of 
M'asbington" in March, 1S53. 

MoNTicELLO, p. o., CarroU parish. La. : 149 miles N. 
Eaton Rouge. 

MoNTMORENCi county, Mich. Situate N. E. on Lower 
Peninsula, and contains 576 sq. m. Drained by Thunder 
Ray r. and its branches flowing into Lake Huron. Erected 
since 1S50. 

MoNTONGA, p. o., Drew countj', Ark.: T2 m. S. 8. E. 
Little Rock. 

Montour county, Penn. Sitnale E. centrallj', and con- 
tains 206 sq. m. Drained by Roaring and Potts creeks, af- 
fluents of E. branch of the Susquehanna, which intersects the 
county and furnislies abundance of water-power. Surface 
broken ; soil of superior fertility, adapted to grass or grain. 
Wlieat, rye. com, oats, and potatoes aflbrd large crops, and 
tlie ]>aslure3 feed fine dairies and great numbers of sheep. 
Live-stock, butter, cheese, and wool are the exports. Iron 
ore abounds, and the manufacture of iron employs a large 
capital. Flour, leather, woolens, and distilled liquors are 
largely made. Farms 73S; manuf S9; dwell. 2,2S0, and 
pop.— wh. 13,155, fr. col. 84— toUd 13,239. Capital: Dan- 
ville. Public Works : North Branch Canal : Extension of 
Pennsylvania Coal Company's R. R. to Northumberland, etc. 

Montour's, p. o., Alleghany co., Penn.: 154 m. W. byN. 
Ilarrisburg. 

MoNTPEMER, p. o., Marcugo county, Ala. : 76 m. W. 
Montgomery. 

Montpelier, p. o., Monroe county, Ga. : 47 m. W. by N. 
Mdledgeville. 

Montpelier, p. v., Blackford co., Ind. : on the S. side of 
Salamonic r., OS m. N. K. by N. Indianapolis. 

Montpelier, p. o.,William3 co., Ohio : 237 m. N.W. by N. 
Columbus. 

Montpelier, p. o., Adair county, Ky. : S3 m. S. by W. 
Frankfort 

Montpelier, p. o., Richmond co., N. Car. : about 4 m, 
W. of Lumber r., 65 m. S. S. W. Raleigh. 

Montpelier, t., p. v., and cap. Washington co., Verm-y 
and capital of the State: on Wiuooski r., in lat. 44° 17' N., 
and long. T2° 36' W., 524 m. N. N. E.Washington. Drained 
by tributaries of the Winooski, which afford fine water- 
power and numerous mill-seals. Surface uneven and hilly; 
soil various — on the hills furnishing fine pastures. The v. is 
the centre of a large commerce and of roads di\(rging in 
every direetiou. The Vermont Central R. R.toueljes Mont- 
pelier, 77 m. from Windsor, and 40 m. from Burlington. 
The public buildings are the State House, court-house, jail, 
etc The Stjile House is an elegant granite structure, 150 
feet long— the centre, including portico, 100 feet deep, and 
the wings 72 feet deep ; the centre front has a fine Dorio 



MON 



MOO 



porlico of 6 columns, each 6 feet diamclcr and 3G feci hiKh. 
and the whole edifice is Burmounlcd by a dome 100 feel 
from Ihe ground. In the interior are convenient Slate oftl- 
cea and spacious and elegant rooms n>r the Senate^ and 
KcpresenlaliTcs. Montpelier became capilal in 1S05. II 
has several workshops and factories, a hank, and numerrais 
wholesale and retail stores ; and Ave newspapers, Ihe " Ver- 
mont ralriol" (dem.), the " Verm. Walehman" (whig), the 
"Green Mountain Freeman" (free soil), llie •• Chrislian Ite- 
posilory," and the " Chrislian Messenger"— all weekly pub- 
liciltions. Pop. in ISJO, :,T9'2 ; in 1S4U, .I.T-M: .ind in ^m, 
S,.S10. The t. of Ea,sl Monliielier was taken from the orig- 
inal I. in l*tS, and in 1S50 contained 1,+17 inhaliitant.s. 

Mo.NTPELiEB, p. 0., Hanover co., rir(/. : 21 m. N. N. W. 
Eichmond. 

MoNTi'.A, p. o., Shelby county, 0)(io: 03 m. W. N. W. 
Columbus. 

MosTKEAL river, J//c/t. and TTisc. .- rises in several lakes 
In Wise, and flows N. W. into Lake Superior, forming the 
boundary between the two Slates. 

MoNTi-.osE, p. T., Lee eo., Li. : on the Mississippi, 12 m. 
above the mouth of the Des Moines, 92 m. 9. Iowa Cily. It 
is opposite Nauvoo, and was first sellled by Spaniards 
in 1T99. 

Montrose, p. o., Jasper county, 3/"'s. : 03 m. E. S. E. 
Jackson. 

MoNTBOSE. p. b., and cap. Susquehanna eo., Pmi!. : 115 m. 
N. by E. Uarrisburg. It occupies an elevated position, and 
is compactly built, containing a court-house and jail, an 
academy, 20 stores, several manufaclories, and Old iiduib- 
ilants. Two weekly papers, the " S. P.egisler" (whig), and 
the "M. Democrat," are published. The Laekaw.anna and 
■Western P.. E. passes a few miles E., and Montrose sla. is 
13 m. S. of Great Bend, on the Erie K. E. 

Montrose, p. o., Smith county, Teiin.: 44 m. E. N. E. 
Nashville. 

Montrose, p. 0., Summit Co., Ohio: 113 m. N. E. by N. 
Coluniliiis. 

MuNTROSE, p. 0., Westmoreland Co., Viry. : 49 m. N. E. 
Kiehmond. 

MoNTROSB DepSt, p. o. and sla., Susquehanna eo., Pfmi. : 
on the Lackawanna and Western P.. P.., 13 m. S. of Great 
Bend, 113 m. N. N. E. narrisburg. 

MoNTirRESvll.l.E. p. v.. Lvcomiug Co., Prnn.: on the left 
bank of the W. branch of Susquehanna r., 00 nR N. by ^\^ . 
Uarrisburg. It is on the W. branch of Pennsylvania Canal, 
6 m. E. Williamsport. 

MoNTVALE Spbixgs, p. o., Blouut CO., T'un. : 103 m. E. 
by S. N.ishville. 

MoNTviLi.E, t. and p. 0., Waldo CO., Jfc." 24 m. E. by N. 
Augusta. Drained by heads of Sheep-cot and St. George's 
rivers. Surface varied, and ."oil fertile, and adapted to grain. 
A superior fanning t. Pop. 1,STS. 

MoNTViLLE. st.T., New Loudou CO., Ctmn. : on Ihe right 
bank <if the Thames, fi m. N. of N'ew London, on the New- 
London, Willimanlic, ami Palmer P.. P.. 

MoNTViLLE, t. and p. o., Geauga co., Ohio : 14S m. N. E. 
ColumbiK. Drained by a branch of Grand r.,and the lu-ad 
of Cuyahoga r., which rises in il. Surface somewhat uneven, 
and soil very feriilc. Pop. 702. 

MoN-TviLLE. p. v., Morris eo., A' Jer. : on a N. branch of 
Eockaway r., 51 m. N. N. E. Trenlon. II lies in a deep 
valley on the Morris Canal. 40 nR from Jersey City, and con- 
tains several stores and mills. 

Moxu.MRST, p. o., Pike county, III.: 89 m. W. by S. 
SpringficM. 

Monument, p. o. and sta.. Barnslablc co., Miifx. : on the 
Cape Cod Branch P.. E., 21 m. S. E. MiddUboro', 49 m. 
8. S. E. Boston. 

MoN'trntENT Island, p. o., Delaware co.,»A'^ )'. : on Dela- 
ware r., 94 m. W. S. W. Albany. 

Mooi>i:s. p. o., Middlesex en.. Conn.: on an E. liranch of 
the Connecticut, 23 m. S. E. by S. Ilariford. 



. E. 



E. by S. Little 
■ about 2 m. S. of S:dt 



Moody's MiLia, p. o., Morgan CO., Ohio : 63 m. E. 
Coluiidjus. 

MooER's, t. and p. v., Clinton CO., jK Y. : on the Canada 
line, lis m. N. Albany. Drained by Chazy r. of Lake 
Champlain, and English r., an affluent of the St. Lawrence. 
Surface hilly, and heavily limbered; soil various, princi- 
jjally adapted to grazing, which is the leading interest. The 
v., 2 m. S. of the Canada line, on the N. side of Chazy r., is 
extensively engaged in manul'aetures. It is 20 m. N. of 
Plallsburg, on Ihe Platlsburg and Montreal E. E., which 
1. m. N. of the v. intersects the Northern (Ogdcnsburg) 
E. U., 12 m. W. of Eouse's Point Pop. of t. ?,305. 

Moon, t. and p. o.. Alleghany CO., Penv. : on the left bank 
of the Ohio, 173 m. W. by N. Uarrisburg. Drained by 
affluents of the Ohio, which furuish water-[>owcr. Surface 
hilly; soil loam, and for the most part very fertile. Il con- 
tains several fiouring-mills and small manufactories, but 
farming is lite chief pursuit. 

MooN-ET, p. 0., Philips m.fAr!:.: 
r.oek. 

MoONEV, p. o., Jackson CO., Jnd. : 
cr., 53 m. S. Indianapolis. 

JIooN's, P.O., Fayette CO., Ohio: on P.attlesnake cr.,44ra. 
S. W. by S. Columbus. 

Moon's, sla., Cobb co., Gn.: on the Western and Allan 
tic E. P.., 80 m. N. of Atlanta. 

MooEE county, N. Car. Situate centrally, and contains 
864 sq. in. Drained S. by Lumber r., N. by Deep r.. and 
many other branches of Cape Fear r. Surface ilivcrsilled, 
and generally somewhat uneven; soil of average fertility, 
with superior land on the larger rivers. Ctjtton and corn 
are the leading crops: wheat, oats, and polatoes, and some 
tobacco are cultivated; but none of its prodnct-s are very 
large. Farms 713; mnnuf. 4; dwell. 1,230, and pop._wh. 
7,197, fr. col. 109, si. 1.970— total 9,342. Capital: Carthage. 
MooREPiEi.D, p. v., Switzerland co., Jnd. : SI m. S. E. by 
S. Indianapolis. 

MooREFiELD, p. 0., Nicholas county, Ki/. : 45 m. E. by N. 
Frankfirl. 

Ml .OREPiELD, t. and p. v., Harrison eo., Oh in : 94 m. K. by 
N. Columlnis. Drained by branches of Tuscarawa.s r. Sur- 
face slightly uneven, and soil mostly very fertile. Tlie v. 
contains 44 inhabitants. Pop. of 1. 1,066. 

MooREFiEi.n. p. v., and cap. Hardy e"-. ^'^J- ■ "" ""■ '■■ 
sidi' of the S. fork of Potomac r.,131 m. N. W. by N. Eich- 
mond. It has growing manufaclures, favored by the exten- 
sive waler-power of two branches of the r. uniting here, 
.and contains a courl-house, jail, academy, several mills, and 
500 inhabitants. 
Moore's, p. o., Bowie Co.. Tffl-. ; .506 m. N. E. Austin City. 
MooREsnoEoran, p. o., Cleveland co., X. Car. : on Sandy 
Eun of Broad r., 109 w. W. by ?. Ealeigh. 

MooEisniT.G, p. v., PuUiski co., /iirl. : on an E. bnmeh 
of Tipi)eeanoe r., 35 in. W. by N. Indianapolis. 

Moop.r.'icuiic. p. v., Montour Co., /Vnn. ; about 3 m. N. of 
Susquehanna r. and Ihe Pennsylvania Canal, 40 in. N. Iiy 
E. Ilarri.sburg. A charcoal furnace of 1,400 tons capacity 
is located here. 

MooREsufBG, p. o., Hawkins co., Tenth : 20.j m. E. by N. 
Nashville. 

Moore's Creek, p. o.. New Hanover co., A". Car.: on a 
branch of Cape Fear r., 91 m. S. by E. Ealelgli. 

MooEB's Cross Eoads, p. o., Hardeman county, 7J»». ; 

169 m. S. W. by W. Nashville. Il is near the S. line of tlic 

State, and on the line of the Memphis and Charleston E. E. 

MooKE's Fork, p. o., Clinton county. A'. Y. : 114 m. N. 

Albany. 

Mooke's Hii.t, p. v., Dearborn counly, Jnd.. 
S. E. by E. Iniliana])olis. 

Moort;'b Mii.i-s, p. o., .Taekson county, Viri/.. 
W. N. W. Eichniond. 

Moore's Oriunarv. p. o., Prince Edward connly, 
61 ra. W. S. W. Uichmond. 

509 



71 in. 



237 ni. 



, Vir(/. . 



MOO 



MOR 



Moore's Pbairie, p. o., Jeffersoa co., lU, : 126 m. 8. S. E. 
Sprinjifield. 

Moore''3 Rest, p. o., Anderson co., Teo*.: 143 m. N. E. 
Austin City. 

Moore's Salt-Works, p. v., Jefferson county, Ohio: on 
Yellow er., IIG m. E. N. E. Ci.lumbus. 

Moore's Store, p. o., Shenanduah co., Virg. : 107 m. 
51. W. by N. rachmond. 

Moore'b Store, p. o., Caswell co., A^ Car. : 68 m. N. "W. 
Ealeigh, 

MooEESTOWN. p. v., Burlington co., A^ Jer. : 5 m. E. of 
Delaware r., 20 m. S. S. W. Trenton. 

MooRESviLLE, p. V., Limcstone oo., Ala. : between Shoal 
and Limestone creeks, about 5 ra. N. of the Tennessee, 153 
m. N. by W. Montgomery. It Las an academy, and in the 
vicinity are fine water privileges and several cotlon-milla. 

MooRESViLLE, p. T.. Morgan co., Ind. : on the E. side of 
"White Lick cr., 16 m. S. W. Indianapolis. 

MooRESViLLE, p. 0., Orange co., N. Car. : 54 m. N. W, 
Ealeigh. 

MOORESVILLE, p. c, TJnion par.. La. : 167 m. N. N. "W, 
Baton Eouge. 

MooRESTiLLE, p. V., Marshall co., Tenn.: 47 m. S. by TV. 
Nashville. 

Moore's Vineyard, p. c, Bartholomew co., Ind. : 46 m. 
S. S. E. Indianapolis. 

MooiiHEADviLLE, p. T., Erie county, Fenn.: 206 miles 
N. W. by W. Harrisburg. 

Moorland, p. t., Wayne county, Ohio: 85 m. N. E. 
Columbus. 

Mooeville, p. 0., Itawamba CO., Miss.: 165 m. K. E. 
Jackson. 

MoosEHELOO, Grafton co., IT. JTatnp. : lies in the E. 
part of Benton, and consists of two peaks, the N. 4,556, and 
the S. 4,636 feet above the ocean level. The summits are 
bare masses of granite, on which the snow lies the year round. 

Moose river, A^ Y. : has its source in Hamilton co. in 
several large lakes, and flows W. across Herkimer into 
Lewis CO., where it empties into Black r., above the High 
Falls. 

MoosK river, 3re. : rises in the highlands, on the "W. line 
of the State, and flows E. through several lakes into Moose- 
head lake, being its largest affluent. 

MoosEnEAD lake. Me. : lies between Somerset and Penob- 
scot counties, and is Ihe principal source of Kennebec r. It 
contains several large islands, and is about 35 m. long, varj'- 
ing in width from 4 to 12 miles. 

Moose Meadow, p. o., Tolland co., Conn. 

Moose Kiver, p. o., Somerset co., Me. : 95 m. N. by "W. 
Augusta. 

Moosop, p. 0., "Windham co., Coiui. : on an E. branch of 
the Quiiuiebaug, 41 m. E. by S. Hartford. 

MoQUELUMNE, V., Calavcms CO., Cidif. : about 2 m. W. 
of the N. fork of the r. so called, 104 m. E. by :N^. Vallejo. 

MoQUELUMXE riveT, Calif. : a tributary of Joaquin r. from 
the Sierra Nevada. It flows through a rich gold region. 

MotjuELUMNE Hill, v., Calaveras co., Calif. : on the S. side 
of the S. fork of Moquelurane r., lOG m. E. by N. Vallejo. 

Morales De Lavaca, p. o., Jackson co., Tex. : 106 m. 
B. S. E. Austin City. 

Moravia, t. and p. v., Cayuga co., y. T. : 139 m. TV". 
Albany. Drained by Owasco inlet, which affords fine mill- 
sites, and flows into Owaaco lake in the N. "W. corner. A 
broad and fertile valley borders the inlet, back of which the 
surface is hilly and the soil indifferent The v. is on the 
inlet, and contains several factories and the Moravian In- 
stitute. Pop. of t. 1,S76. 

MoREAU, t. and p. o., Saratoga county. A'! Y. : 98 m. N. 
Albany. Bounded N. and E. by the Hudson, on which, in 
the N. E. comer, are Glen's and Baker's falls, which supply 
immense water-power. Surface mostly even, with hills in 
Ihc E. ; soil sandy and clayey loam, generally fertile. Black 
m-arble of superior beauty ia plentiful on the Hudson, which 
610 



is spanned by a bridge above the falls. The Saratoga and 
TVashington R. E. passes through it. Pop. 1,534. 

MoREAu Station, p. o. and sta., Saratoga co., K. F ; 40 
m. N. Albany, on the Saratoga and Washington E. R., 16 m. 
N. of Saratoga. 

MoREFiELD, p. o., Greene county, Wise. : 27 m. 8. S. "W. 
Madison. 

Morehause parish, La. Situate N. E., and contains S45 
sq. m. Drained by Washita and Au Bceuf rivers and 
bayou Bartholomew— the first forming its W. and the last 
iL^ E. boundary. Surface undulating, and in parts swampy, 
with a fine growth of limber; soil fertile, on the margins of 
the streams especially so, and productive of large crops of 
cotton and corn, the staples of the county. It has good 
pasture land, and raises many oatUe and fattens pork largely. 
Farms 260; manuf. 4; dwell. 3T2, and pop.— wh. 1,ST7, fr. 
col. 30, si. 2,00e— total 3,913. Capital: Bastrop. FuUic 
Worlcs : Louisiana and Texas E. R. 

MoREUArsEviLLE, p. V., and cap. Hamilton co., K T. : 
7S m. N. W. Albany. A small v., surrounded by fine pas- 
ture lands and forests of excellent timber, containing a 
court-house and 150 inhabitants. 

MoRELAND, p. o., Bourbou county, Xy. .* 80 m. E. by S. 
Frankfort, 

MoRELAND, p. o., Fauquicr co., Virg.: 71 m. N. by W. 
Richmond. 

MoRELAND, p. 0., Chcmung co., N. T. : 103 m. W. by S. 
Albany. 

MoRELAND, t and p. o., Lycoming co., Penn.: 63 m, N. 
Harrisburg. Drained by Little Muncy cr. It has a hilly 
surface, a gravelly soil, and abundance of white pine tim- 
ber, which affords material fur numerous saw-mills. 

Moreman's River, p. o., Albemarle co., Virg.: 62 m. 
"W. N. "W. Richmond. 

MoRENxi, p. o., Lenawee county, Midi. ; 42 m. S. S. E. 
Lansing. 

WoRcsviLLE, p. T., Delaware co., A''. Y. : 45 m. "W. S. W. 
Albany. 

MoEETOWN, t. and p. v., Washington co., Term. : 8 m. W. 
Monlpelier. Drained by Mad r., a branch of Onion r., 
■which furnishes good water-power. The Vermont Central 
R. K. passes along Onion r., the N. boundary of the t. Sur- 
face mountainous and in many parts untillable. The v. is 
on Mad r., and contains several mills and stores. Popula- 
tion of L 1,335. 

MoRpyrz Mill, p. o., Ashe co., 2f. Car. : 161 m. W. by N. 
Raleigh. 

Morgan county, Ala. Situate N. middle, and contains 
714 hq. m. Bounde<l,N. by the Tennessee, and drained by 
its alllucnts. Surface vari'iil, in Ihe S. broken and uneven; 
soil in the N. very fertile, producing very heavy cotton crops, 
which constitute the staple, and large com crops; in the S. 
belter adapted to grain and gr.ass, yielding good returns 
of wheat and oats, and rearing large numbers of neat cat- 
tle and swine, and exporting beef and pork in large quan- 
tities. It has some mill streams and growing manufactures 
of cotton goods. Fanns 5S4; manuf. 13; dwell. 1,103, and 
pop.— wh. 6,03S, fr. col. 50, si. 3,4^37— total 10,125. Capital: 
Somerville. PuhUcWorks : Memphis and Charleston R.E. 

MoBG.tN county, Ga. Situate N. centrally, and contains 
274 sq. m. Drained by Little r. and other branches of the 
Oconee, which forma its E. boundarj'. Surface gently un- 
even, with many mill streams; soil verj- fertile. Cotton is 
raised in great quantities, forming the staple product and 
almost excluding other crops. Its manufactures are raj>idly 
increasing, particularly of cotton goods. Farms 336; manuf. 
31 ; dwell. 621, and pop.— wh. 3,634, fr. col. 16, si. 7,094— total 
10,744. Capital : Madison. Puhlic Work^ : Georgia E. R, 
Morgan county, III. Situate W. middle, and contains 
539 sq. m. Drained by Indian and Mauvaiseterre ereeks, 
branches of the'lllinois, which forms the W. boundary. 
Surface undulating or nearly level; soil of great fertility, 
larj^ely made up of prairies, which afford the very best of 



MOR 



grazing lands. Com and wheat are very luavy crops. 
Live-stock, beef, wool, and pork are large exporls. Timber 
ia found near all the slreams, which afford considerable fine 
water-power. Flour, leather, woolen goods, iron castings, 
and machiner>- are leading manufactures. Farms 1,674; 
manuf. 89; dwcU. 2,661, and pop.-wh. 1.5,939, fr. col. 125- 
total 16,064. 0//7t(a«; Jacksonville. Publio Works : Stm- 
ganion and Morgan E. K. 

Morgan county, Jnd. Situate S. centrally, and contains 
453 sq. m. Drained by W. fork of White r. and its branches. 
White Lick, Big Indian, Mill, and Stotfs creeks. Surface 
undulating or level, with hills near the streams and wide 
bottoms on their margins; soils everywhere excellent and 
well timbered. Corn and wheat are heavy staples, and 
pork a large export. Wool is extensively grown, and fine 
dairies kept. Farms 1,802; manuf. 14; dwell. 2,401, and 
pop.— wh. 14,502, fr. col. 74— total 14.576. Capital: Mar- 
tlnsvUle. Public Workis : Mnrlinsville It. K. 

MoitOAS county, Ky. Situate N. E., and contains S02 sq. 
m. Drained by Licking and Keel rivers and their tributa- 
ries. Surface much diversifled, and in parts rugged or 
mountainous; soil of average fertihty, better adapted to 
grazing than grain-growing. Com is the chief cereal pro- 
duced ; other grains are raised in small quantities, and pork 
is the principal export It has abundant limber and water- 
power. Farms 615 ; manuf. ; dwell. 1,201, and pop.— wh. 
7,895, fr. col. 85, si. lS7-lotal 7,620. Capital; West 
Liberty. 

Morgan county, Mb. Siluate centrally, and contains 649 
sq. m. Drained by tlie Osage r., which runs on and near 
its S. border, and its branches, and N. by Flat cr., a l)ranch 
of La Mine r. Surliice moderately uneven, in parts prairie, 
but generally well wooded. Corn is the staple, but other 
grains thrive, and tobacco flourishes in parts. Fine pa.stur- 
age is abundant, and the rearing of cattle and sheep de- 
mands nmch attenti.m. I'ork is the principal export. 
Water-power is abundant. Farms 455; nianur. 12 ; dwell. 
764, and pop.-wh. 4,202, fr. col. 5, si. 453— total 4,75t). CV/J- 
i«(i/.' Verseilles. 

MoEQAN county, Ohio. Situate S. E., and contains a>4 
sq. m. Intersected by Muskingum r., and drained by its 
branches, and branches of Hocking r., which furnish line 
water-power. Surface somewhat broken ; soil very fertile. 
Wheat and com are the slaple cereals, and the produce 
very large. Tobacco is cultivated with marked success and 
proBt. It has very fine dairies, shears a large amount of 
■wool, and exports pork extensively. Bituminous coal is 
found, and numerous salt-springs, which formerly furnished 
a great qu,antity of salt. It manufactures salt, leather, 
■woolens, iron castings, machinery, liquors, and stone-ware. 
Farms 2,126; manuf 95; dwell.4,SS6, and pop.— -(vh. 28,515, 
fr. col. 70— total 23,585. Capital : M-ConnellsviUe. 

Morgan county. Term. Situate N. E., and contains 8S3 
sq. m. Drained N. by branches of Cumberland r., and S. 
by Emery's r. and its branches, affluents of Clinch r. Sur- 
face rough and uneven, being crossed by Cumberland mts. ; 
soil better adapted to grazing than grain. Corn, oats, and 
potatoes are the chief crops, and pork the principal export. 
Its mill streams are numerous and fine. Farms 4:M ; manuf 
8 ; dwell. 581, and pop.-wh. 3,301, fr. col. 28, si. lol— tot;»l 
3,430. Capital; Morgan. 

Morgan county, Virg. Situate N. E., and contains 295 
sq. m. Drained by Cac.apon r. and Sleepy er., afBuente of 
the I'otomac, which forms the N. and N. W. boundary. 
Surface nmch broken, in parts mountainous; soil in the 
valleys very fertile; parts are too rugged for cultivation. 
Com, wheat, rye, oats, and potatoes are raised, generally in 
good crops, though the amounts are not large. Sheep find 
good pasturage. It has superior mill-seats, and manufac- 
tures flour, woolens, leather, and earthen-ware. Farms .300 ; 
manuf. 9 ; dwell. 606, and pop.-wh. 3,4-31. fr. col. 3, si. 123— 
total 8,557. Capital : Bath. PiAlic Works ; Baltimore and 
Ohio K. £. 



MOR ___ 

MoiUiAN, t. and p. o., Ashtabula Co., Ohio; 159 m. N. E. 
Columbus. Drained by Grand r. and its branches, which 
alford good mill-sitea. Surface even, and soil productive. 
Various small manufactories are operated. Pop. 891. 

Morgan, p. v., and cap. Morgan co., Teii7i: on Emery's 
r., a branch of Clinch r., 113 m. E. Nashville. It contains a 
court-house and jail, and several stores and workshops, with 
about 200 inhabilants. 

Morgan, t. and p. o., Orleans Co., Verm. ; 45 m. N. E. 
Montpeller. Seymour's lako, a tributary of Clyde r., occu- 
pies the central part. Surface uneven, but not rough ; soil 
mostly good. Grazing is the cliief pursuit. The St, Law- 
rence and Atlantic K. U. crosses the E. part. Pop. 436. 

Morgan City, sta., M.irgan Co., J 11 ; 9 m. E. of Naples, 
on the Sangamon and Morgan K. K. 

M0RGANFIEI.D, p. v.. Union eo.. Ay. .■ about 8 m. S. of tho 
Ohio, 167 m. W. by 3. Frankfort. It contains a court-house, 
academy, several stores, and 300 inhabitants. 

MoROANSBCTiO, p. 0., Fauquier co., \'ir<j. ; Slm.N.byW 
Richmond. 

Morgan's Corners, sta., Delaware co., Penn.; 14 m. 
from Philadelphia, on the Columbia and Philadelphia 11. P.. 
and Philadelphia and Westchester P.. li. 

Morgan's Creek, p. 0., Benton co., Tt'iul. ; near the left 
bank of the Tennessee, 68 m. W. by S. Nashville. 

Morgan's Creek, p. o., Orange county, 2f. Car. ; 41 m. 
W. N. W. Fvaleigh. 

Moro.vn's Fork, p. 0., Pike county, Ohio; 66 m. 8. 
Columbus. 

Morgan's Mills, p. o., Union county, JK Car.; 108 m. 
W. S. W. P.alelgh. 

Morgan's Eidgi;, p. o., Marion county, Tiri/. ; 205 m. 
N. W. by W. Eichmond. 

MoROANSviLLE, p. v., Morgan co., Ohio: on aW. branch 
of the Muskingum, 53 m. E. S. E. Columbus. 

MoRGANSviLLE, p. V., Gcuesee Co., N. V. ; on Black cr, 
232 m. W. Albany. It contains several stores and mills, and 
300 Inhabitants. 

MoRGANTowN,- p. v., Morgan CO., Tm!. : on the N. side 
of Big Indian cr., 28 m. S. by W. Indianapolis. Tho Mar- 
tinsville E. K. passes through it 13 m. W. of Frankhn. 

MoRGANTOwN, p. v., and cap. Butler CO., Ay. ; on the S. 
side of Green r., 118 m. 8. W. by W. Frankfort. Largo 
quantities of grain and tobacco are sent from this placo 
down the r., which is navigable for boals of light draught at 
all times. It contains a court-house, jail, academy, several 
stores and small manufactories, and 400 inhabitants. 

MoRGANTOWN, p. v., Berks CO., Penn.: 62 m. E. by S. 
IlarrisOurg. It coulains several stores, and 500 inhabit- 
ants. 

MoRGANTOWiJ, p. v., and cap. Bnrke co., S. Car. ; on the 
S. side of Catawba r., 166 m. W. Ealclgb. It lies on ele- 
vated ground, surrounded by a rich grain country, with 
flourishing manufactories in tho rieinily, and has an exten- 
sive trade. It contains a court-house, jail, academy, bank, 
a dozen stores, and a popidation of 500. 

MOEGANTOWN, p. V., Blouut CO., Teiiii. / on the E. side 
of Tennessee r., 146 m. E. by S. Nashville. 

MoRGANTO^svN, p. v., and cap. Monongalia Co., rinj.; on 
the E. side of Monongahela r., 197 m. N. W. Eichm.md. 
It lies at the head of steamboat navigation, and has a large 
trade and rapidly increasing manufactures, for which llicro 
is aniple water-power and abundance of coal m the vicinity. 
It contains a court-house, jail, two academies, a dozen stores, 
several mills, and a population of 1,000. The ■' Monongalia 
Mirror" and the "Watchman" (literary), and the "Mountam 
Messenger" (Baptist), are published weekly. 

Moro'anville, p. o., Notlaway county, rirff.: 33 m. 
8. W. bv W. Eichmond. 

Morg'antille, p. v., Hillsdale county, Mirf,.; 62 m. 3. 
Lansing. 

Moriah, t and p. v., Essex CO., N. T.: on Lake Cham- 
plain, 93 m. N. Albany. Surface very tmcvcn; sod fertde 
' 511 



MOR 



MOR 



in the valleys. Marble of good quality is found. Iron ore 
and timber are abundant, and attention is print^ipally di- 
rected to them. The v. is on high ground, about 3 in. W. 
of the lake, and contains an academy, several stores, and 
IjOOO inhabitants. Pop. of t. 8,065. 

Moriches, p. t., Suffolk co., K Y. : on the S. side of Long 
Island, 136 m. S. S. E. Albany. 

MoRiNGviLLE, p. o., Chatham co., jV. Car.: IS m. W. of 
Kaleigh. 

MoRiNOTiLLE, p. V. and sta., "Weslohester co., N. Y. : on 
Bronx r., 112 m. S. Albany. It is 25 m. N. of New York, on 
the Harlem R. E. 

Moklan'8 Geote,p. o.jWayne co., III. : 119 m. S. E.by 8. 
Springfield. 

MoRLEY, p. 0., St Lawrence co., N. Y. : 153 m. N.W. by N. 
Albany. 

Mormon Uili., p. c, Marshall co., I<t. : 61 m. "W. N. "W. 
Iowa City. 

Mormon Island, p. o., Sacramento co., Calif.: on the S. 
fork of American r, 74 m. E. N. E. Vallejo. It was here 
that the first discoveries of gold were made iu 1S4S. 

Morning Sitn, p. c, Louisa co., la. : 81 m. S. S. E. Iowa 
City. 

Morning Sun, p. v., Preble co., Ohio: on Four Mile cr., 
95 m. W. S. W. Columbus. The Four Mile Valley K. R. 
passes tlirough it 

Morning Sun, p. o., Shelby co., Tain.: 170 m. "W. S. W. 
Nashville. 

MoEO, p. 0., Calhoun co., Arl\ : GS m. S. by AV. Little 
Rock. 

MoREiu.'a, sta., Cumberland co., Me. : 3 m. from Portland, 
on the York and Cumberland R. E. 

Morris county, Al Jer. Situate N. middle, and contains 
406 sq. m. Drained by Pequannock r., its N. boundary, 
Passaic r., its E. boundary, and W. by branches of the 
Karitan and Delaware. Surface broken N. and "W. by 
ranges of high hills ; in the S. is the beautiful valley of the 
Passaic. Soil generally verj* productive, and in parts fine 
grazing land. Wheat, com, rye, buckwheat, oats, and po- 
tatoes, are all good crops, and the rye and buckwheat of a 
superior quality. Large products of the dairy, beef and 
■wool, are the farming exports. It has valuable mines of 
magnetic iron ore, which are wrought extensively and with 
nmch profit, the metal obtained being much sought after, 
and highly prized. Manufactures of almost every kind are 
prosecuted, the more important being iron cast and wrought, 
cotton and woolen fabrics, leather, distilled liquors, paper, 
carriages, and cabinet furniture. Farms 1.S43 ; manuf. 24*2 ; 
dwell. 5,076, and pop.— wh. 20,146, fr. col., 993, si. 19— total 
80,158. Capital :'MornstQyvn. rublicWorks: Morris Canal; 
Morris and Essex R. R. 

Morris, p. v., and cap. Grundy co., M. : on the right bank 
of Illinois r.. 121 m. N. N. E. Springfield. It is on the Illi- 
nois and Michigan Canal, 23 m. S. W. of Juliet and has an 
extensive trade in the staples of the surrounding country, 
which are shipped here in great amounts, and growing 
manufactures. It lies on a gentle slope toward the r., and 
contains a court-house and jail, numerous stores and ware- 
bouses, and about 1,000 inhabitants. A weekly newspaper 
is published here. 

Morris, p. o., Otsego co., J^. Y. : 63 ra. W. Albany. 

MonuTS, t and p. o., Tioga co., Penn. : 93 m. N. N. "W. 
Harrisburg. Drained by Pine cr. and its branches, which 
afford much water-power. Surface hilly; soil clayey and 
covered with heavy limber. Coal and iron ore are found. 

MoRRisANiA, p. V. and sta., Westchester county, A'. Y.: 
10 m. N. of the City Hall, in New York, by the Harlem 
R. P., 12G m. S. Albany. It is in the S. part of West Farms 
t, on the K. side of the Harlem r., is laifi out with the reg- 
ularity of a city, and being rapidly built up into a suburb 
of the great metropolis. Pop. about 3,000. 

Morris' Cinmcn, p. o., Campbell county, Virg.: 92 m. 
W.by S. Richmond. 
512 



Morris' Cross Roads, p. o., Fayette co., Peim. : 148 ra 
W. by S. Harrisburg. 

Morrisdale, p. o., Clearfield co., Penn. : about 3 m. W. 
of Mushanon cr., 84 m. N. W. by W. Harrisburg. 

Morris' Hill, p. o., Alleghany co., Virg. : 146 m. W. by N. 
Richmond. 

M«>RRi80N'8 Bluff, p. o., Johnson co.. Arl: : on the 
right bank of the Arkansas, 8;3 m. W. N. W. Little Rock. 

Morrison's Stone House, p. o., Monroe co.. Ill : about 
1 m. W. of Kaskaskia r., 107 ra. S. by W. SpriugflWd. 

Morrison's Tan- Yard, p. o., Mecklenburg co., Al Car.: 
118 m. W. S. W. Raleigh. 

Morris' Plains, sta., Morris co., JV^ Jer. : ai m. W. of 
Trenton, on the Morris and Essex K. R. 

MoRRiSTowN, p. v., Henry co., ///. ; about 3 m. S. of 
Green r., on a small creek, 116 m. N. N. W. Sjiritigfield. 

MoRRiSTOWN, p. v., Shelby co., Ind. : about 1 m. E. of 
Blue r., 24 m. E. by S. Indianapolis. The Knightstown and 
Shelbyville R. R. passes through it, 1-3 m.N. of Shelbyville. 

MoRRiSTOWN, p. v., and cap. Morris co., N. Jer.: 41 m. 
N. by E. Trenton. It lies on an elevated plain, on the S. 
side of Whippany r., and is regularly laid out, with a largo 
square in the centre. It contains a court-house and jail, 2 
academies, a bank, about 40 stores, and 3.000 inhabitants. 
Manufactures of various kinds are extensively carried on, 
particularly of paper, iron castings, carriages, machinery, 
etc. The Morris and Essex R. K. passes through it 32 m. 
W. of New York. Three papers are published — the " Jer- 
seyman" (whig), and '* Free Democratic Banner' (dem.), 
weekly, and the " New Jersey Freeman'' (abolitionist), 
monthly. The Lis called Morris, is well supplied with water- 
power by Passaic and Whippany rivers, and has an uneven 
surface and fertile soil. Pop. of t. 4.992. 

MORRISTOWN, t and p. v., St Lawrence co., N. Y. : on 
the St Lawrence, 164 m. N. W. by N. Albany. Surfapo 
slightly rolling, and soil fertile. Black lake lies on the S. E. 
The V. is on the St Lawrence, and a regular landing-place 
for steamboats. Pop. of t 2,274. 

MORRISTOWN, t and p. v., Lamoille co., Verm. : 23 m. N. 
Montpelier. Drained by Lamoille r. and its branches, which 
supply good mill privileges. Surface somewhat hilly; soil 
fertile, especially on the r. It is a fine farming t, exporting 
cattle, wool, and dairy products, to a large amount The v. 
is on the r., and contains several stores and mills. Pop 
of 1 1.142. 

MoRRisTowN, p. T., Bctmont co., Olvio : on M'Mahon's cr 
of the Ohio, 99 m. E. by N. Columbus. It contains several 
stores and railis, and 455 inhabitants. 

MoRRiSTOwN, p. v., Grainger co., Tenn. : on a branch of 
Holstnn r., 1S9 m. E. Nashville. 

MORRISTOWN, p. o., Cii-ss CO., 3/(?. .* 131 m. W. Jefferson City. 

MoRRisviLLR, p. v., Ilcudrick's CO., Ind. : on the Terre 
Haute and Richmond R. R., 25 m. W. by S. Indianapolis. 

MoRRisviLLE, p. v., and cap. Madi.son co., JV; 3'.; on a 
branch of the Chenango r., 102 m. W. by N. Albany. It 
contains a court-house, jail, clerk's office, academy, sever.il 
stores and mills, and about SOO inhabitants. Two weekly 
papers are published here — the " M. County Journal" (whig), 
and the " Madison Observer" (dem.) 

MoRRisviLLE, p. o.. Wake co., N. Car. 

MoRKisviLLE, p. b., Bucks CO., Penn. : on the right bank 
of Delaware r.,109 m. E. Harrisburg. It is opposite Tren- 
ton, with which it is connected by a bridge 1,100 feet long, 
and has fine water privileges, which are improved by various 
extensive manufactories. It is 29 m. N. E. Philadelphia on 
the Philadelphia and Trenton R. E. 

MoRRisvu.i.E, p. v., Lamoille co., Venri: : on Lamoille r., 
21 miles N. Montpelier. Here is good water-power and 
several mills. 

MoRRisviLLE, p. v., Fauquicr co., Tirg. : 6G m. N. by W. 
Richmond. 

Morrow county, Ohio. Situate N. centrally, and con- 
tiins 39T sq. m. Drained by branches of Whetstone r., 



MOR 



MOU 



Vernon r., anil Clear fork of \Valhnn<i ini: r., the first a l)raneh 
of the Scinio, Ihe last two of the MuskiiiLiiim river, t^urfaoe 
rollinar; soil fertile, ami a<Uipted cqvially to wrass and ^rain. 
Corn and wheat are the staples. Tobaceo is cultivated, 
gheep are raised in great nuniher?, and wool and pork are 
lar^ exports; live-stock and beef are also exported. Man- 
ufactures are of considerable though niinor interest, con- 
sistitig prineipally of woolen gnod^i, leather, liquors, and 
farming implements. Farms l,5o'2; mannf. 51; dwell. 
3,tjo'2. an<! pop.— wh. 20.270. fr. col. 1 ii— total 2i),2S0. OipiUd : 
Mount Oileafi. PuhUc ^VorH: Clevt-land. Columbus, and 
Cineitmati Railroad ; Springflcld and Mount Vernon and 
Pittsburg U. K. 

Morrow, p. v., Warren co., Ohio: on LiUla Miami river, 
74 m. S. W. by W. Columbus. The Little Miami Ii. R. 
pa.'ises it 41 m. N. of Cincinnati. 

Morse Creek, p. o., M'Xairy co., Tenn. : on a branch of 
Big llalrhie r., 116 ra. W. S. W. NashviUe. 

M"i:iMsviLi.E, p. v., Schoharie c<i., jV. Y. : 42 ra. W. Albany. 

MoiSTuN. p. o., Sullivan co,, ^V. }'. .■ JSfi m. S. S. W. Albany. 

M.iUT.iN. p. o., Tazewell county, ///..- 4G m. N. by K. 
Springfii'ld. 

Morton's Store, p. o., AJamance co., iV Car.: 53 m. 
W. N. W. Raleigh. 

MoiiToNsviLLK, p. o., Woodford CO., Kij. : about 2 ra. E. 
of Keniueky, 15 m. S. by E. Fnmkfort. 

Morton viLLE, p. v., Orange co., jV. Y.: S5 m. S. S. "W. 
Albany. 

MoKToNviLLK. p. v., Chester co., Pcnn.: 59 m. E. S. E. 
Harrisburg. 

MoRvicN. p. o.. Anson co., N". Car.: about G m. "W. of 
Yadkin r., ^6 m. S. "VV. lialeigh. 

MoRVEN-. p. o., Clark county, Ahi. : 103 m. "W. S. "W. 
Montgomery. 

MosALEM. p. o., r>ubuque co., In.: about 2 ra. "W. of 
the Mississippi, OS m. N. E. Iowa City. 

Mijsc:w, p. o., Marion county, Ala. : 141 m. N. W. 
Montgitmery. 

Moscow, p. v., Rush CO., //k7. .- on the "W. side of Fiat 
Eock or.. 3S m. S. E. by E. Indianapolis. 

Moscow, p. v., Muscatine co., la. : on Cedar r., near the 
entrance of Sugar cr., 24 m. Ii^ by S. Iowa City. It has a 
superior location for trade and manufactures, and contains 
several stores and mills. 

Moscow, p. o., Hickman county, Kj/.: 249 m. W. S. W. 
Frankfort. 

Moscow, t. and p. o., Hillsdale county, 3fic7i.: .3S m. S. 
Lansing. Draineil by S. branch of the Kalamazoo. Sur- 
face rolling; soil sandy Inam, producing large crops of all 
the grains. A good buildingstone is quarried. Pup. 942. 

Moscow, p. v.. Liviuirston co., A' Y. : on a small afllurut 
of Genesee r., 214 m. "W. by N. Albany. It lies on high 
ground, 1 m. W. of Ocnesce Flats, and contains several 
stores and 500 hihabitaiits. 

Moscow, p. v., Clermont co., Ohio: on the Ohio. 95 ra. 
S. W. by S. Columbus. It has a steamboat lan<Iing, a valu- 
able trade with the interior, and about 500 hihabitants. 

Moscow, P.O., Luzerne county, Penn. : So m. N. E. 
llarrisburg. 

Moscow, p. v., Fayette co.. Tenn.: on "Wolf cr. and Ihe 
line of the Memphis and Charleston R. It., 161 m. W. S. W. 
Nashville. 

Moscow Mills, p. o., Morgan co., Ohio : 06 ra. E. by S. 
Columbus. 

MoSELKM, p. o., Berks county, Pemu : 5S m. E. by N. 
Harrisburg. A charcoal furnace of l,:j5U tons capacity is 
located here. 

MosF.LEY Hall, p. o.. Lenoir co., K. Car, : about S m. N. 
of Ncuse r.. 5S m. E. S. E. Raleigh. 

MosELEY llAiL, p. 0., Madison co., Flor. : 45 ra. E. by S. 
Tallahassee. 

Moseley's Grove, p. o., Dallas county, J^d.; 56 ra. W. 
Montgomery. 

E3 



Mosellk, p. o., Jo Daviess co., lU. : about 1 m. E, of the 
Mississippi, 176 m. N. by \\\ Springfield. 

Moselle Furnace, p. o., Franklin co., Mo. : 71 m. E. by S. 
Jefferson City. 

Moselv Hall, p. o., Madison co., Flor. : 43 m. E. by S. 
Tallahassee. 

Mosely'8 Store, p. o., Franklin co., Ga. ; 102 m. N. 
Milledgeville. 

Moss, p. 0., La Fayette eo., Mo. : on Dan's Fork of Black 
river, 92 ra. W. by N. Jefferson City. 

Moss Side, p. o., Alleghany co., Penn. : 169 m. W. by N. 
Harrisburg. 

Mossy Creek, p. o., Augusta co., Yirg. : on a W. affluent 
of the Shenandoah so called, 104 m. N.W. by W. Uiehraond. 

Mossy Ckeek, p. o., Jefferson county, Tcnii. : 179 m. E. 
Nashville. 

Mother Kill, bund., Kent co., Dt^L : extends across the 
State, with an area of &9,320 acres. Drained W. by heada 
of Choplank r., and E. by Jones and Mother Kill creeks. 
Surface even, with small elevations in the W. It has good 
timber and water-power. Pop. 4,973. 

Motirr, p. 0., Pendleton county, Ky.: 52 railes N. E. 
Frankfurt. 

Motley, p. c, Allen co., Ky. : 124 m. S. "W. Frankfort. 

MoTT Haven, p. v. and sta., Westchester co., A''. }'. ; 126 
m. S. Albany. It is S ra. N. of the City Hall in New York, 
on the Harlem R. R., ami New York and New Havi-n R. R. 

Mon's Corners, p. v.. Tompkins co.. A'. 1'. ; nri Six Mile 
creek, 1.37 m. W. by S. Albany. It contains several stores, 
mills, and manufactories, and 400 inhabitants. 

MoTTViLi.E, t and p. v., St Joseph's co., Mich.: on the 
S. line of the State, 86 m. S. "W. Lansing. Drained by- 
Pigeon and St. Josepirs rivers, which furnish water-power. 
Surface tradutaling; soil very fertile. The Miehtgan South- 
em R. R. passes through the t. into Indiana. The v. is on 
the St. Joseph's, and contains several stores. Population 
of t. 610. 

MoTTviLLE, p. v., Onondaga co., K. Y. : on the outlet 
of Skaneatles lake, 141 m. "W. by N. Albany, It contains 
several stores, a foundry, machine shop, and 500 inhabit- 
ants, and lies 3 m. S. of the Rochester and Syracuse K. R., 
with which a branch road connects it. 

MoiTLToN, p. v., and cap. Lawrence co., Ala.: near the 
head of Big Nance cr. of the Tennessee, 151 m. N. N. W. 
Miintgomery. It cnntains a court-house, jail. aca^Iemy, and 
about 400 itdiabitants. The " M. Advertiser'' (neutral) is 
published weekly. 

MouLTONBORO', t,. p. V., and cap. Carroll co.. K. ITiimp. : 
3S ra. N. by E. ConcorJ. Drained by Red Hill and Melvin 
rivt-rs. Surface hilly. Red Hill and Ossipee raoiiutains, 
large elevations, are within it, anil ranch of it is occii[iied by 
ponds. Squam lake lies on the W.. and \Vinnii)iseogee 
lake on the S., into which a long neck exten<is. Soil fer- 
tile. Iron ore, and mineral springs containing sulphur, .arc 
found. Numerous Indian relics have been dug up on the 
shnres and on the islau'ls of the lake. The village cojilains a 
court-house, jail, and an ac.ademy. Pop. of 1. 1.745. 

MouLTONViLLE, p. v., Mudlson CO., lil. : 72 m. S. by W. 
Springfield. 

MouLTKiE county. TIL Situate E. centrally, and contains 
335 sq. m. Drained by Kaskaskia r.. which flows thmuiih 
the S.,and its branches. Surface undulating or I. -vel. largely 
open jirairie, with g.tod timber in the S., and st-att'Ted gmves 
everywhere. Sod fertile, and excellent grazing land. Corn 
is the staple, and live-stock the principal exporl. On the 
Kaskaskia are good raill-siles. Farms 3i)4; manuf. 11; 
dwell. 554. and pop.— wh. 3.225, fr. col. 9— tntal 3.'2:U. Cap- 
itiil: Sullivan. Public M'orls : Cliicagn Uraneh of Central 
Illinois R. It.; Terrc Haute and Alton R. R.. etc. 

Moi;lthib, p. 0., Spartanburg dist., S. Car. : 85 ra. N.W. 
Columbia. 

Moultrie, p. o. and sta.. Columbi.ana Co., Ohio: 8 m. 8. 
of Alliance, on the Cleveland and Pittsburg R. R. 

513 



MOU 



Motr 



Mound Batou, p. o., Tensas parish, La. : 98 m. N. Baton 
FwOUfie. 

Mound City, p. v., Crittenden co.,^?'X,'. /on Mississippi r., 
S m. above M^-raphis, 123 m. E. N. E. Little Rock. 

MouNPsviLLE, p. v., Marshall co., Virg.: on the Ohio r., 
at the month of Big Grave cr., 235 m. N. W. Kiclimond; on 
the creek, just above the v., are many mounds, one 75 feet 
high and 40 rods in circuit, on which is an observatory. 
The V. contains an academy, a steam flouring-mill, and 
several stores. Elizabethtown, the co. seat, lies opposite, on 
the upper side of the cr., and the two contain about 1,500 
inhabitants. The "Marshall Beacon" (whig) is published 
weekly. The Baltimore and Ohio It. R. passes through it, 
Urn. 9. ofWheehng. 

MouwDviLLE, p. v., Marquette co., Wise. : 47 m. N. by E. 
Madison. 

Moi-NT Adam8, Coos co., N". Ilamp. : a peak of the White 
Mountains, 5,960 feet high. 

Mount Adams, Oreg. Ter. : an eastern spur of the Coast 
Range, lat. ASP 12', and long. 1210 20'. 

Mountain Cove, p. v., Fayette co., Yirg. : on the E. side 
of Great Kanawha river, 196 m. W. by N. Richmond. A 
colony of spiritualists and spirit mediums have commenced 
a setllemenl here, and publish a periodical, called the 
*' Mountain Cove Journal," to propagate their views. 

MousTAtN Creek, p. o., Catawba co., 271 Car. : about 
8 m. W. of Catawba r, 124 m. W. Raleigh. 

Mountain Creek, p. o., Anderson dist, iS". Car. : 103 m. 
N. W. by W. Columbia. 

Mountain Falls, p. o., Frederick co., Yirg.: 117 m. 
N. N. W. Richmond. 

Mountain Grove, p. o., Bath co., Virg. : S7 m. "W. by N. 
Richmond, 

Mountain Home, p. o., Lawrence county, Ala. : 153 ra. 
N. N. "W. Montgomery. 

Mountain Home, p. c, McDowell co., K Car.: 194 m.W. 
Ealeigh. 

Mountain Shoals, p. o., Spartanburg dist., S. Car.: on 
the N. side of Ennoree r., 66 m. N. W. Columbia. 

Mountain Speisg, p. c, Martin co., Iiid. : 7C m. S. S. W. 
Indianapolis. 

Mountain Stand, p. o., Marshall co., Ala. : 119 m. N. 
Montgomery. 

Mo unt AiN Top, p. o., Augusta co., Vtrg. : 85 m. W. N. "W. 
Richmond. 

Mountain Yiew, p. o., AbheviUe dist., S. Car. : S3 m.W. 
Columl)ia. 

Mount Airy, p. v. and sta., Carroll county, Md. ; on the 
Baltimore and Ohio R. R., 44 m. W. of Baltimore, 43 m, 
N. W. Annapolis. 

Mount Airt, p. o., Randolph co., Jfo.: 64 m. N. N. W. 
JeflVrson City. 

Mount Aiet, p. o., Hamilton county, 07ilo: SS m. S. W. 
Columbus. 

Mount Airt, p. o., Berks co., PeH7t.; 5S m. E. by N. 
Harrisburg. 

Mount Airy, p. o., Surry co., 27". Ca7\ : 116 m. W. N. W. 
Ealeigh. The "Siamese Twins," of exhibitionary noto- 
riety, arc settled here, and cultivate a large plantation. 

Mount Airy, p. o., Bledsoe co., Teiin.: about 2 m. W. 
of Sequatchy r., SS m. E. S. E. N.ish^ille. 

Mount Airy, p. o., Pittsylvania co., Ttrg. : on a brancli 
of Dan r., 98 m. W. S. W. Eiehmond. 

MoiTTT Alban, sta., Warren county, Ml&s. : 6 m. E. of 
Vicksburg, on the Yiclisburg, Jackson, and Brandon Rail- 
road. 

Mount Andrew, p. o., Barbour co., Ala. : 57 m. E. S. E. 
Montgomery. 

Mount Aubuen, p. o., Christian co., III. : 19 m. E. by S. 
Springfield. 

Mount Auburn, p. t., Shelby CO., Ind. : about 2 m. E. 
of the Knightstown and ShelbyviJle E. E.,29 m. S. S. E. 
Indianapolis. 
514 



Mount Baker, Oreg. Ter. : a peak of the Cascade Range, 
10,a40 feet high, in lat. 4S* 45', and long. 121© 30'. 

Mount Bernandino, San Diego co., Calif. : an elevated 
peak of the Coast Range, In lat. 34"^, and long. 117*^. 

Mount Bethel, p. o. Northampton co., Penn. : US m. 
E. N. E. Harrisburg. 

Mount Bethel, p. o., Newberry dist., S. Car. : aboutS m. 
S. of Ennoree r., 36 m. N. W. Columbia. 

Mount Bl-incuard, p. v., Hancock county, Ohio : on 
Blanohard's Fork of Maumee r., 81 m. N. W. Columbus. 

Mount Calvary, p. o., Davis co., la. : 7S m. S. W. by S. 
Iowa City. 

Mount Cambria, p. c, Niagara co., 2^. Y. : 257 m. W. 
Albany. 

Mount Carbon, p. o., Hampshire county, Virg. : 147 m. 
N. W. by N. Richmond. 

Mount Carbon, sta., Schuylkill co., Penn. : 84 m. N. of 
Reading, on the Philadelphia and Reading R. R. The vi- 
cinity is noted for its anthracite mines. 

Mount Cajuiel, p. o., Henry co., 6a. : 64 m. W. N. W. 
Milledgeville. 

Mount Carjiel, p. v., and cap. Wabash co., TU. : on the 
right bank of Wabash r., below the rapids, and opposite the 
mouth ot While r., 142 m. S. E. Springfield. It has a favor- 
able site for trade and manufactures, and contains a courts 
house and jail, about 30 stores and warehouses, several 
flouring-miUs and machine shops, and 1,500 inhabitants. 

Mount Carmel, p. o., Franklin co., //(//. ; about 2 m. E. 
of Red Cedar Grove cr., 6? m. E. S. E. Indianapolis. 

Mount Carmel, p. o., Fleming co., Ky. : 77 m. E. N. E. 
Frankfort. 

Mount Caemel,p. o., Covington co., MUs. : 4S m. S. S. E. 
Jackson. 

Mount Caemel, p. o., Cooper co.. Mo. : 42 m. W. by N. 
Jefferson Cily. 

Mount Caemel, p. o., Clermont co., Ohio : S6 m. S. W. 
Columbus. 

Mount Caemel, p. o., Halifax co., Yirg : S3 m. S.W. by W. 
Richmond. 

Mount Carmel, p. o., Northumberland co., Perm. .* 3S m. 
N. by E. Harrisburg. 

Mount Carmel, p. o. and sta., New Haven co., Conn.': 
S m. N. of New Haven, on the N. H. and Northampton 
Railroad. 

Mount Carroll, p. v., and cap. Carroll co., HI : on a 
branch of Plum r., 10 m. E. of the Mississippi, and 162 m. 
N. by W. Springfield. It contains a court-house, jail, sev- 
eral stores, and 500 inhabitants. 

Mount Chestnut, p. o., Butler county, Penn.: 173 m. 
W. N.W. Harrisburg. 

Mount Clare, sta., Baltimore co., Md. : on the Baltimore 
and Ohio R. E., 2 m. from Baltimore. 

Mount Clemens, p. v., and cap. Macomb co.. Mtch. : on 
the N. bank of Clinton r., 4 m. from its entrance into Lake 
St. Clair, S5 m. E. by S. Lansing. It is favorably located for 
ship-building, having abundance of limber in its vicinity — 
is at the head of navigation, and communicates by steam- 
boat with ports N. and S. of it. Glass is manufactured from 
a superior sand abundant here. It contains a court-house 
and jail, a bank, an academy, several mills, and a dozen 
stores. Two papers, the " Macomb Gazette" (dera.), and 
the " Macomb County Herald" (whig), are published weekly. 

Mount Clifton, p. o., Shenandoah co., Virg. : 112 m, 
N. W. Richmond. 

MoxrsT Clinton, p. o., Rockingham co., Virg. : S5 m. 
N. W. Richmond. 

Mount Cuo, p. o., Sumter disL, S. Car. : about S m. E. 
of Black r., 44 m. E. Columbia, 

Mount Comfort, p. o., Hancock county, Ind.: 24 m. 
E. by N. Indianapolis. 

Mount Comfort, p. o., Fayette county, Tenn. : 153 m. 
W. S. W. Nashville. 

Mount Crawford, p. c, Rockingham co., Virg. : on a 



MOTJ 



MO0 



W. branch of Sheaandoah river, 93 m. N. W. by "W. 
iiiohmond. 

MouxT Cboghan, p. o., Chesterfield disL, S. Car. : 69 m. 
N. E. Columbia. 

MocTNT Defl^-ce, Essex co., 2^. T.: on the W. shore of 
Lake Champlain, has an elevation of T50 fL'ct aboYC tide- 
water. 

Mount Desert, t. and p. o., Hancock co., Mi'. : in the 
N. W. part of the island of that name. 72 m. E. Augusta. 
The soil is productive, but the chief business is the coasting 
trade — for this, its singular position and excellent harbors 
are peculiarly adapted. The fisheriea are also very lucra- 
tive, and ship-building is carried on. Pop. T77. 

Mount Desert island, Jle. : lies off the S. shore of the 
State, on the W. side of Frenchman's Bay, and forms a part 
of Hancock Coitnty. Its greatest length and breadth are 12 
and 15 ra., but the coast has many indentations, forming ex- 
cellent harbors, which give it great facilities U>t the coasting 
trade and fisheries. It contams three towns, Eden, Mount 
De£.ert, and Tremont, and 3,329 inhabitants. 

Mount Eaton, p. v., Wayne county, Ohio: 81 m. N. E. 
CoJumbus. 

Mount Epen, p. o., Spencer co., Ey. : 23 m. W. by S. 
Frankfort. 

Mount Elba, p. o., Eradley co., Afl: ; on Saline r., 60 m. 
S. by E. Little Kock. 

Mount Elox, p. o., Darlington dist, S. Car. : about 6 m. 
E. of Lynch'3 cr., 53 m. E. N. E. Columbia. 

Mount Eminence, p. o., Orange co., Virff. : 56 m. N. N.W. 
Eiohraond. 

Mount Emmons, Hamilton co., 2i.T.: Is an isolated peak, 
elevated about 3,500 feet above tide-water. 

Mount Entebpeise, p. o.. Rusk co., Tex. : about 3 m. E. 
of Big Shawntie cr. of the Angelina, 216 m. N. E. by E. 
Austin City. 

Mount Eolia, p. o., Union co., Ga. : 143 m. N. N. "W. 
MiUedgeville. 

Mount Epiieaim, p. v., Guernsey co., Ohio : 6S m. E. 
Columbus. It contains several stores and 121 inhabitants. 

Mount Etna. p. v., Huntington co., Ind. : on the H. side 
of Wabash r., 7S m. N. N. E. Indianapolis. 

Mount Everett, Berkshire oo., Mass. : one of the highest 
peaks of the Taghkannic range, lies in Mount Wa^liinglon 
t. in the S.W. comer of the State, and rises to the height of 
2,634 feet. The summit is scantily covered with scrui>-pine 
and bushes, but commands the grandest scenery in the 
State, overlooking mountains on all sides, and affording 
glimpses of rare beauties between and beyond them. Near 
it is the Bashapish Fall, which descends 150 feet in two per- 
pendicular leaps, and has worn out a dome-like cavity, 
called the "Gorge," 194 feet deep. The wildness of the 
surrounding region and the grandeur of their localities, at- 
tract many tourists hither in the summer. 

Mount Freedom, p. o.. Jessamine co., Xy. ; 29 m. S. E. 
Frankfort 

Mount Freedom, p. o., Pendleton county, Virff. : 123 m. 
N. W. by W. Eichmond. 

Mount Gallagher, p. o., Laurens dist, 5. Car.: about 
3 m. K of Saluda r., 71 m. ^Y. N. W. Columbia. 

Mount Gilead, p. o., Franklin co., Arl: : on the S. side 
of Arkansas r., 9S ni. W. N. W. Little Kock. 

Mount Gilead, p. o., Mason co., Ay.; 6S m. E. N. E. 
Frankfort. 

MountGile\d. p. v., and cap. Morrow co., Oht'o: on the 
E. branch of Whetstone r., -10 m. N. by E. Columbus. It is 
about 3 m. E. of the Cincinnati, Cleveland, and Columbus 
E. R.. and in the vicinity are numerous mills and factories. 
It contains a court-house, jail, academy, a dozen stores, and 
500 inhabitants. Pop. of Gilead t. 1.6S0. 

Mount Gilead, p. o.. Montgomery co., A^ C(Jr.: about 
3 m. N. of Yadkin r., 77 m. W. 9. W. Raleigh. 

Mount Gilead, p. v., London en., Virff. : on Kittoctan 
Mountain, 105 m. N. Eichmond. It is regularly laid out on 



a commanding elevation, and contains several stores and 
150 inhabitants. 

Mount Hawkins, p. a. Perry co., M : 132 m. S. by E. 
Springfield. 

Mount Hawlet, p. o., Peoria co., IH. : about 8 m. W. of 
Peoria lake, 72 m. N. Springfield. 

Mount IIealtht, p. t., Hamilton county, Ohio: 93 m. 
S. W. by W. Columbus. 

Mount HBALTnv, p. r., Bartholomew county, Irid.: on 
White cr., 4S m. S. by E. Indianapolis. 

Mount' Hbbron, p. c, Greene co., Ala. : 107 m. W. N. W. 
Montgomery. 

Mount Heron, p. o., Darke county, Ohio: 86 m. W. 
Columbus. 

Mount Hioeoey, p. c, Chattooga co., Ga. : 162 m. N. W. 
Milledgeville. 

Mount Hickoet, p. o.. Chambers county, AI^. : on an E. 
branch of Tallapoosa r., 66 m. N. E. by E. Montgomery. 

Mount Hill, p. o., Morgan co., Ala.: 134 m. N. by W. 
Montgomery. 

Mount Hill, p. o., Abbeville district, S. Car.: 73 m- 
W. N. W. Columbia. 

Mount Hilhard, p. o.. Pike county, Ala. : 43 m. S. E. 
Montgomery. 

Mount Holly, p. o., Union co., A/'k. ; 108 m. S. S. W. 
Little Rock. 

Mount Hollt, p. v., Randolph co., Ind. : about 3 m. 8. 
of Mississinewa river, and 2 m. W. of the Ohio line, 72 m. 
E. N. E. Indianapolis. 

Mount Holly, p. v., and cap. Burlington co., A'; Jer. : 
on the N. branch of Rancocus cr., IG m. S. Trenton. It lies 
at the head of navigation, and contains a court-house and 
jail, an academy, a bank, several mills for making paper, 
woolens, etc., and about 1,500 inhabitants. Two weekly 
papers, the " New Jersey Mirror" (whig) and " Mount Holly 
Herald" (dem.), are published. A branch railroad, 6 ra. 
long, connects it with the Camden and Amboy E. R. at 
Burlington. 

Mount Holly, p. o., Warren county, Ohio: 71 m. S. W. 
Columbus. 

Mount IIollt, t. and p. o., Rutland co., Vfirm.: 51 ra. 
S. by W. Montpelier. Drained by Black r. of the Connecti- 
out, and Mill r., a branch of Otter cr. Surface elevated, in 
parts mountainous ; soil adapted to grazing, which is the 
leading interest, and furnishes for export large amounts of 
wool, beef, butter, and cheese. The Rutland and Burlington 
E. E. crosses the N. E. part. Mount Holly sta.. In the N. E., 
is 15 ra. 8. E. of Rutland. Pop. 1,534. 

Mount Holyoke, p. o., Henry co., Tejm. : OS m. W. by N. 
Nashville. 

Mount Hood, Oreg. Ter. : a peak of tho Coast Range, on 
the S. side of Columbia r., elevated about 12,000 feet abore 
the ocean. 

Mount Hope, p. o., Tyler county, T&a. : 209 m, E. by N. 
Austin City. 

Mount Hope, p. o., Lawrence co., Ala. : near the head 
of Town cr. of the Tennessee, 152 ra. N. N. W. Montgomery. 
Mount Hope, p. o., De Kalb co., Iiut: 127 m. N. N. E. 
Indianapolis. 

Mount Hope, p. o., Delaware co., la. : 54 m. N, Iowa 
City. 

Mount Hope, p. c, La Fayette co., Mo. : about 4 m. S. 
of the Missouri, ST m. W. N. W. Jefferson City. 

Mount Hope, t and p. v., Orange county. A'! Y. : 92 m. 
S. S. W. Albany. Drained by Shawangunk cr. Surfjioe 
hilly and broken ; soil gravelly loam, and adapted to graz- 
ing; it is well timbered and supplied with water-power. 
Tanning and various manufactures are extensively prose- 
cuted. The village contains an academy and about 400 
inhabitants. The Erie R. R. passes through the t. Pop. of 
the 1. 1,512. 

Mount Hope, p. o., M'Lean CO., JU. : 44 m. N. E. by N. 
Springfield, g^- 



MOU 



MOU 



Moo'T Hope, p. o., Holmes co., Ohio: 74 m. N. E. by E. 
Columbus. 

Mount Hope, p. c, Lancaster co., Penn, : 37 m. E. by S. 
Harrisburg. Here is a charcoal furnace of 1,450 tons 
capacity. 

MocNT Hope bay, R. J. : sels up Oom the N. E. comer 
of Narragansett bay, between Bristol and Tiverton, and 
receives the waters of Taunton river. 

MoLNT Hokeb, p. 0., Nelson co., Vt'rg. : at the E. base of 
the Blue Uidge, S4 m, W. by N. llichnioivd. 

Mount Ida, p. v., and cap. Montgomery co., Ark,: on 
Brushy fork of Washita r., T4 m. W. by S. Little Rock. It 
contains a court-house and a few stores and duellings. 

Mount Ida, p. o., Montgomery co., Ay. ; 57 ni. E. S. E. 
Frankfort. 

Mount Isabel, p. o., De Soto county, Jli^s. : 171 m. N. 
Jackson. 

Mount Israel, p. c, Albemarle co., Tirg. : near the line 
of the Virginia Central K. E., at the base of the Blue llidge, 
78 m. W. N. W. Richmond. 

MoiTNT Jackson, p. v., Lawrence co., Penn. : on Hinkory 
cr., 194 ni. W. by N. Harrisburg. It is about 3 ni. W. of 
Mahoning river, and the Beaver and Erie Canal, and has 
good water-power on the cr. above and below it, where are 
several mills and factories. It has a valuable trade, and 
contains a number of large stores. 

Mount Jackson, p. o., Shenandoah co., Virg. : on the N. 
fork of Shenandoah r., 104 m. N. W. Kichmoud. 

Mount Jefferson, p. o., Chambers county, Ala. : 59 m. 
E. N. E. Montgomery. 

Mount Jefferson, Oreg. Ter. : a peak of the Cascade 
Eange, in laL 44° 40', and long. 121° 32'. 

Mount Jefferson, Coos co., J^. Ilamp. : a N. peak of the 
While Mountains, in the S. part of Randolph, 5,S00 feet 
above the ocean level. 

Mount Jeffersox, p. o., Carroll co., Iml. : 57 m. N. by W. 
Indianapolis. 

Mount Jot, t and p. o., Lancaster co., Penn.: 17 m. 
E. S. E. Harrisburg. Drained by Little Chiques aud Cone- 
wago creeks, which supply gooil mill-seats. Surface rolling ; 
soil gravelly loam of excellent quality, and well tilled. It 
has several flouriug-mills and other manufactures, and is 
fine grazing land. The Ilarrislmrg and Lancaster li. R. 
crosses it, and Mount Joy stjition is 12 m. W. of Lancaster, 
ropulalitm of L 2,620. 

Mount Kingston, p. o., Montgomery co.. Til, : about 4 m. 
W. of Shoal cr., -19 m. S. Springfield. 

Mount Kisko, p. o., "Westchester co., 2^, T. : 91 m. S. 
Albany. 

Mount Lafayette, Grafton co., 2^. Ilamp, : lies on E. 
line of Bethlehem and Franconia, and rises 4,723 feet above 
the ocean level. | 

Mount Langum, p. o., Iroquois co., III. : about 3 m. S. E. 
of thejunction of Kankakee aud Iroquois rivers, l^S m. N. E. 
Springfield. 

Mount Laurel, p. o., Halifax co., Tirg.: about 2 m. "\V. 
of Roanoke r., 83 m. W. S. "W. Richmond. 

Mount Laurel, p. v., Burlington county, Al Jer, : 2i} m. 
S. S. W. Trenton. 

Mount Lebanon, p. o., Claiborne par.. La. : about 5 m. 
E. of Bayou Dorcheat, 1S7 m. N. V*. by N. Baton Uougc. 

Mount Lebanon, p. o., Spartanburg dist., S, Car. : S7 m. 
N. W. by N. Columbia. 

Mount Level, p. o., Dinwiddle county, Yirg. : near the 
South Side R. It., 2S m. S. S. W. Richmond. 

Mount LujebtYj p. o., Marion co., IlL: 95 m. S. S. E. 
Springfield. 

Mount Libbety, p. v., Knox co., Ohio: 81 m. N. E. by N. 
Columbus. 

Mount Lincoln, Hampshire co., JUV/w. ; lies in the N. 
part of i'elham, and is 1,'24S feet abovt; the ocean level. 

Mount Madison. Coos co., jV. JIamp.: a peak of the 
"White Mountains, 5,620 feet high above the ocean level. 
516 



Mount Maecy, Essex co., N. T. : lies in the S. part of 
Keene, and is the highest of the Adirondack group, being 
5,467 feet ahove the ocean level. In the same t. are other 
peaks almost as high. 

Mount M'Intire, Essex county, 2^. Y.: a peak of the 
Adirondack group in Keene, has im elevation of 5,1S3 feet 
aboTc the ocean. 

Mount M'Laugiilin, Oreg. Ter. : a peak of the Cascade 
Range, in lat. 43° 36', long. 131^ 50'. 

Mount M'Mabtin, Essex county, 2^. T.: & peak of the 
Adirondack group in Keene, is about 5,000 feet above tide- 
water. 

MouN-T Meigs, p. o., Montgomery co., Ala. : about 4 m. S. 
of Tallapoosa r,, 13 m. E. Montgomery. 

Mount Meridian, p. v., Putnam co., Ind. : on Deej) cr., 
34 m.W. by S. Indianapolis. A plank-road conuecls it with 
the New Albany and Salem R. R. 

Mount Meridian, p. o., Augusta cn.^Tirg. : on the base 
of the Blue Ridge, S4 m. "W. !S. \V. Riehnwnd. 

Mount Metawampe, Hampshire co.. Miiss.: lies on Uie 
E. side of Connecticut r., opposite Sugar-loaf Mountain, 
and between Sunderland and Leveretl. It is about 1.100 
feet high, and wooded to the summit, which commands a 
more extensive but less beautiful view than Holyoke. At its 
base are "Sunderland Cave," and the "Roaring Brook."' 

Moi'NT Monroe, Coos co.. Al Ilamp.: a peak of the 
White Mountains, 5,510 feet above tide-water. 

Mount Moriau, p. o., Hempstead co., ArA: : on a S. afflu- 
ent of Little Missouri r., 95 m. S. W. Little Rock. 

Mount Moiuah, p. o., Mecklenburg co., A'. Car.: 117 m. 
W. by S. Raleigh. 

Mount Mouiaji, p. o.. Brown county, Ind. : 42 ra. S. 
Indianapohs. 

Mount Morne, p. o., Pike county, Ga.: 74 miles W. 
Milledgeville. 

Mount Morris, Essex coimty, 2^. Y.: a peak of the 
Adirondack group, 4,576 feet above the ocean level. 

Mount Morris, p. v., Ogle co., lU. : on Pine cr. of Rock 
river, 159 m. N. Springfield. It contains a flourishing sem- 
inary, several manufactories of farming and mechanical im- 
pleminls,:ind 6(Mt inhabitants. The "M. M. Gazette" (whig) 
is publislifd wtckly. 

Mount Morris, t. and p. v., Livingston co., Al Y. ; 21S m. 
W. Albany. Drained by Genesee r. and its branch, Casha- 
qua cr., which supply abundant water-jtower. Surface va- 
ried: portions are high table land; soil clayey luam, and 
\'cry productive of wheaL It is a superior farming t, with 
extensive and valuable manufactories of flour, woolen goods, 
leather, iron castings, etc The village, half a mile E. of the 
Genesee, has excellent water-power obiaincd from (bo r. by 
a dam and raceway, and a favorable locati<m for trade, lying 
on the Genesee Valley Canal, 87 m. S. of RocIu-sIlt. It cnu- 
tains an academy, sevi ral flouring and other mills, a fur- 
nace, 80 stores, and 1,5U0 iuhabitauts. Pi>pulation of 
t. 4,531. 

Mount Morris, p. v., Greene co., Penn.: on Dunkard's 
cr. of the Monongahela, 16S m. W. by S. Harrisburg. It 
lies on the I7/•f;^H((* line, and contains several mills. 

Mount Mourne, p. o., Iredell county, A^. Car.: 115 ra. 
W. by S. Raleigh. 

Mount Nebo, p. o., Lancaster co., PenJi.: 46 m. E. by S. 
Harrisburg. 

Mount Nebo, p. o., Yadkin co., A1 Car. : 129 m.W. N.W. 
Raleigh. 

Mount Nilf.5, p. o., St. Clair co., Ala. : on Canoe cr. of 
C<K)3a r., 95 m. N. Montgomery. 

Mount NouworrueK. Hampshire co., Muss. ; on E. 
peak of Ihe llolyi.ke range, 4 m. Irom the Conneclicut, 
separating Andier-.t !ind Granl>y; is, next to Moimt Holy- 
oke, (he highest ff the chain, having an elevation of 800 
feet, and cotnrnands a fine view N. an<i S. 

Moi:nt Olive, p. o., Coosa counly, Ala. : 39 m. N. by E. 
Montgomery. 



MOTJ 



MOU 



Mount Ouve, p. o., Macoupin co., TIL: -IG in. S. S. "W. 
Sprin;;floId. 

MoL'NT Olite, p. 0., Kikhart co., Ind.: 122 m. N. by E. 
Indianapolis. 

MofNT Olite, p. o., C'lermonl co., OhUi: "9 m. S. W. 
Co! urn bus. 

Mount Olivf:, p. o., St, Mary's county, Md. : Ad m. S. 
Annapolis. 

MoL'NT Olive, p. o., Izard co., Ai'k. : on the left bank of 
White r. 83 m. N. by E. Litde Kock. 

MoirNT Olivet, p. c, Bracken co., iy. ; 62 m. N. E. 
Frankfurt. 

Muir.NT Palatine, p. o., Putnam co., lU. : 93 m. N. by E. 
Sprinixfield. 

Mount Partuenos, p. o., Newton county, -I/Xr.; 97 ra. 
N.W. by X. Little liock. 

Mount Pelia. p. o., "Weakley county, Tenn.: 117 m. 
W. by N.Nashville. 

Mount Perry, p. c, Perrj- county, OJdo : 46 m. E, S. E. 
Columbus. 

Mount Petrea, p. o., De "Witt co., Tetc. : 82 m. S. by E. 
Austin Cily. 

M<:>UNT PiNSON, p. 0., Jefferson co., Ala. : SS m. N. by W. 
Montgomery. 

Mount Pinson, p. o., Jackson co., Ari: : S5 m. N. E. by N. 
Little Rook. 

Mount Pinson, p. o., Madison co., Temu : 124 m. W. by S. 
Nasbville. 

MtiUNT PiscAn, p. 0., Alexander county, K. C<ir. : 129 m. 
W. by N. Kaleigh. 

Mount Pisgah, p. o.. La Grange co., Tiul. : 132 m. N. N. E. 
Indianapolis. 

Mount Pisgah, p. o., Clermont co., Ohio : SG m. S. "W. 
Columbus. 

Mount Pitt, Oregon Ter. : a peak of the Cascade or 
Coast Kange, on tlie W. side of Klamath lake, in laL 42° 23', 
long. 122° IT'. 

Mount Pleasant, L and p. o., Greene co., Wi6C. : 24 m.. 
S. by "W. Madison. Drained by a W. branch of Sugar r., 
on which are good mill-seats. Surface mostly even, and 
soil productive of corn and grass. Lead is found. Pop. 5T9. 

Mount Pleasant, p. o., Monroe co., Ala.: about 4 ra. 
E. of ,\labama r., 1IJ4 m. S. W. Montgomery. 

Mount Pleasant, p. o., Carroll co., ArA: : 103 m. N. N. W. 
Little ILx-k. 

Mount Pleusant, p. o., Union co., 77/. ; 107 m. S. by E. 
Springflfia. 

Mount Pleasant, p. v., Martin co., Ind. : on the W. side 
of the E. fork of White r., S4 m. 8. S. W. Indianapolis. It 
was the former cap. of the co., and contains several stores, 
and 350 inhabitants. 

Mount Pleasant, p. v., and cap. Henry co., la.: about 
2 m. E. of Big cr., 61 m. S. Iowa Cily. It lies on elevated 
ground, and contains a court-house and jail, an academy, 
and numerous stores. A heavy business is done here in 
the products of a large an<l fertile district. Two papers, the 
"Iowa Observer" (whig), and the "True Democrat," are 
published weekly. 

Mount Pleasant, p. v., and cap. Titus co.. Tap.: about 
midway between White Oak and liig Cypress bayous, 272 m. 
N. E. Austin City. It is a thriving settlement, containing 
county buildings and several stores. 

Mount Pleasant, p. o., Frederick co., 3fd. : 53 m. N. W. 
Annapolis. 

Mount Pleasant, p. v., Oakland county, Jfidu : 44 m. 
E, by N. Lansing. 

Mount Pleasant, p. o., Talbot co., Ga. : 86 m. W. by 9. 
Mil led Seville. 

Mount Pleasant, p. o., Lawrence co,. Mo. : on the W. 
base of the Ozark Mountains, 149 m. S. W, Jefferson City. 

Mount Pleasant, p. v.. Hunterdon co., JV. Jer. : 3 m. E. 
of Delaware r., 2S m. N. W. by N. Trenton. 

Mount Pleasant, p. o., Saratoga co,, X. Y. 



Moi:nt Pleasant, t. and p. v., Jefferson co., Ohio : 115 m. 
E. by N. Columbus. Drained by Short cr., which supplies 
fine water-power. Surface uneven; soil fertile. A good 
grjizing t., which manufaclurcs flour, leather, wooh'ns, agri- 
cidlural iinpUments. etc., lo a large amount. The v. con- 
tains a bank, an academy, a dozen stores, and 800 inhabi^anta. 
Pop. oft. 1,S4S. 

Mount Pleasant, p. o., Cabarras co., 2^. Car. : on Dutch 
Buffalo cr. of Uoeky r., 93 m. W. by S. Kaleigh. 

Mount Pleasant, t, and p. v., Westmoreland co., Perm . 
139 ni. W. by S, Uarrisburg. Draine-l by J.acob'3 cr. Sur- 
ftiee moderately uneven ; soil a ft-riile gravelly loam. A 
superior farming and grazins:; t. The v. contains a flouring 
mill, tannery, several storen, and 70U inhabitants. 

Mount Pleasant, p. o., Maury co.. Term.: about 2 m. 
E. Duck r.. 45 m. S. S. W. Nar^hvillo. 

Mount Pleasant, p. o., Spotts\Ivania co., Virg.: 41 m. 
N. N. W. llichmond. 

Mount Pleasant, t, and p. o., Racine co,, Wise: about 
6 m. W. of Lake Micliigan, 83 m. E. 8. E. Madi.'^on. Sur- 
face rolling; soil prairie, of great feriility. Grain and tlairy 
products are the st;ip!es. Vu\i. 1,07S. 

Mount Pleasant p. o., Caldwell par., La.: 134 m. 
N. N. W. Baton Rouge. 

Mount Pleasant Mills, p. o., TTnion co, Pe?n}.: on a 
branch of W. Mahantango cr., 33 m. N. by W. Karridburg. 

Mount Polk, p. o., Benton co., Ala. : on an E. branch of 
Cooj^a r., 99 m. N. by E. Montgomery. 

MdUNT pROSPEfT, p. v., Crawford county, Ind.: S6 m. 
S. by W^. Indianapolis. 

Mt)UNT Prospect, p. o., Whitesides co., III.: 1^2 m. 
N. by W. Springfield. 

Mount Prospect, p. o., Obion county, Tenn. : 127 m. 
W. by N. Nashville. 

Mount Pulaski, p. o., Sangamon co., 72/. ; 23 m. E, by Z"!, 
Springfield. 

Mount Rainier, Oreff. Ter. : a peak of the Ccacade 
Range, 10,231 feet high, in lat. 46^ 47', long. 121° y;/. 

Mount Uock. p. o., Cumberland county, Fenn. : 17 m. 
W. S. W. llarrisburg. 

Mount liosE. p. v., Mercer co., X. Jer. : 10 m. N. by E. 
Trenton. 

Mount St. Helens, Oreff. Ter. : a peak of the Cascade 
Range, 12,000 feet high, on the N. side of Columbia i., in 
lat. 460 13'. 

Mount St. Joseph's, Shait6 co., Cal/f. : a peak of the 
Sierra Nevada, near the E. line of the Stale, in lat 41° )iG'. 

Mount Salem, p. o., Kanawha county, Viri/. ; £1S m. 
W. N. W. Richmond. 

Mount Salem, p. o., Sussex county, IiT. Jer. : 57 m. N. 
Trenton. 

Mount Savage, p. v., Alleghany co., Md.: on Jennings 
Run, 133 m. W. N. W. Annapolis. The Mount Savage 
Iron Works are located here, and a branch of the Baltimore 
and Ohio R. R., 10 m. long, diverges from Cumberland to 
tliis place. It is one of the best mining regions of tha 
Union. 

Mount Savage, p. c, Carter county, A'y.; 107 m. E. 
Frankfort, 

Mount Serene, p. o., Barbour co., Ala. : 66 m. E. S. E. 
Montgomery. 

M'.'UNT Seward, FrankUn co., IT. Y.: a branch of the 
Adirondack group, with an elevation of 4,000 feel ubove 
the ocean. 

Mount Shaste. Shast6 co., Caiif. : a peak of the Coast 
Range, 14.390 feet high, in lat. 41^*34', long. 12P 43'. 

Mount Sidney, p. v., Augusta co., Virg. : 9S m. W. N. W. 
Richmond. It is about 4 m. N. of Middle r., and contains 
an academy, several stores, and 300 inhabiuints. 

Mount Sinai, p. o., Suffolk co.. N. Y. : on the N. shore 
of Long Island, 124 m. S, S. E. Albany. 

Mount Solon, p, o., Augusta co., Virg. : 112 ra. W. N. W. 
Richmond. 

5ir 



MOU 



MOU 



Mount STEEiJNa, p. o., Choctaw co., Ala. : on a W. branch 
of Tombi,2bee r.. 1*27 m. W. S. W. Montgomery. 

Mount Sterling, p. o., Crawft)rd co., WtJic. : on Copper 
creek, about 8 ^m. E, of the Mississippi, S3 m. "W. by N. 
Madison. 

Mount Sterling, p. v., and cap. Brown co.. III. : 59 m. 
W. by N. Springfield. It contains a court-house and jail, an 
academy, several stores, and 500 inhabitants. 

Mount Steeling, p. v., Switzerland co., Ind. : about 1 m. 
E. of Indian cr., and 4 m. N. of the Ohio, 67 m. S. E. 
Indianapolis. 

Mount Steblino, p. v., and cap. Montgomery co., K]/. : 
52 m. E. by S. Frankfort. It has a large trade in live-stock 
and hemp, and the products of a rich grain region, and 
contains a court-house, and jail, an academy, a dozen 
stores, and 700 inhabitants. The " Kentucky Whig" is pub- 
lished weekly. 

Mount Steeling, p. o., Gasconade co., Mo. : on the E. 
side of Gasconade r., S2 m. E. by S. Jefferson City. 

Mount Steeling, p. v., Madison co., Ohio: on Deer cr., 
21 m. S. S. W. Columbus. Pop. 117. 

Mount SuitSEE, p. o., Jo Daviess co., JU. : 199 m. N. 
Springfield. 

Mount Suepeise, p. o., Luzerne co., Penn. : 67 m. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Mount Sylvan, p. o., Lafayette county, Miss. : 133 m. 
N. by E. Jackson. 

Mount Stlvania, p. o., "Washington co., Oreg. Ter. : 
about 53 m. N. by E. Salem. 

Mount Tabor, p. v., Monroe co., Ind. : on Bean Blos- 
som cr., about 2 m. E. of the New Albany and Salem E. K., 
89 m. S. "W. by S. Indianapolis. 

Mount Tabor, p. o,, Union dist., S. Car^ : about 3 m, W. 
of Broad r., 57 m. N. N. "W. Columbia. 

Mount Tibzah, p. o., Person co., 2^. Car. : about 3 m. ■ 
E. of Flat r., a head stream of the Neuse, 41 m. N. N. W. 
Ealeigh. 

Mount Tom, Hampshire co.. Moss.: lies on the W. bank 
of Connecticut r., opposite Mount Ilolyoke, and is 1,214 feet 
high. It belongs to a range, which E. of the river takes the 
name of Holyoke, and extends S. to near New Ilaven. 

Mount Ullah, p. o., Eowan county, K. Car. : 104 m. "W". 
Baleigh. 

Mount Union, p. v., Stark co., OMo: 118 m. N. E. by E. 
Columbus. It is about 3 m. W. of the Cleveland and Pitts- 
burg E. R., and 1 m. S. of the Ohio and Pennsylvania 
Eailroad. 

Mount Union, p. o. and sta., Huntingdon co.^ Penn. : on 
the Juniata, 57 ni. W. by N. Harrisburg. The station is 
11 m. E. of Huntingdon, on the E. division of the Pennsyl- 
vania E. E. 

Mount Upton, p. v., Chenango co., 2^. Y.: on tho "W. 
Bide of Unadilla r., 89 m. W. by S. Albany. It contains 
several stores and mills, and 400 inhabitants. 

Mount Yeenon, p. v., Mobile co., Akt. : about 4 m. "W. 
of Mobile r., 134 m. S. W. Mcmtgomcry. It contains a U. S. 
arsenal, several stores, and about 400 inhabitants. 

Mount Vebnon. p. v., and cap. St Francis co., ArTc. : 
about 5 m. W. of St Francis r., S3 m. E. by N. Little Rock. 
It contains a court-house and jail, several stores, and a pop- 
ulation of 800. 

Mount Yernon, p. v., and cap. Jefferson co.. III. : on a 
branch of Big Muddy r. and the E. side of Casey's Prairie, 
109 ra. S. S. E. Springfield. It contains a court-house and 
jail, several stores, and SOO inhabitants. 

Mount Vernon, p. v., and cap. Posey co., Ind. : on the 
Ohio r., 16 m. above the mouth of the "Wabash. 153 m. 
S. "W. by S. Indianapolis. It is buiit on a high bank, and 
contains a court-house, jail, academy, numerous stores and 
■warehouses, several flouring-mills, and 1,200 inhabitants. 
It commands a large trade with the interior and on the 
river. The ** South-western Advocate," neutral in politics, 
is published weekly. 
016 



Mount Veenon, t and p. o., Kennebec co., Me. : 15 m. 
N. W. Augusta. It contains several large ponds, from which 
it is well supplied with water-power, and has a very fertile 
soil. A superior farming t., and well timbered. Pop. 1,479. 
Mount Vernon, p. v., and cap. Eock Castle co., Ky. : 
64 m. S. S. E. Frankfort It contains a court-house, jail, 
several stores, and a population of 250. The Knoxville and 
Lexington E. E. will pass through it 

Mount Vernon, p. v., and cap. Montgomery co., Ga. : on 
the E. side of Oconee r., 7G m. S. S. E. Milled geville. 

Mount Vernon, p. o., Macomb county, Mich. : 82 m. E. 
Lansing. 
Mount Vernon, p. o., Wabashaw co., Minn. Ter. 
Mount Vernon, p. o., Lawrence co., Mo. : 132 m. S. "W. 
Jefferson City. 

Mount Veenon, t and p. o., Hillsboro* co., N", Bamp. : 
24 m. S. S. "W. Concord. Drained by branches of Souliegau 
r., which afford good mill-sites. Surface elevated and un- 
even; soil adapted to grazing, which is the principal busi- 
ness. The V. lies on high ground, and contains an academy 
and several stores. Pop. of t 722. 

Mount Veenon, p. o., Westchester co., N. Y. : 109 m. S. 
Albany. 

Mount Yernon, p. c, Eowan co., N. Car. : 97 m. W. 
Ealeigh. 

Mount Yernon, p. v., and cap. Knox co., Ohio: on Yer- 
non r., 37 m. N. E. Columbus. The river supplies water- 
power, and the trade of a rich agricultural district centres 
here, giving it importance as a manufacturing and com- 
mercial place, which is much increased by its railroad com- 
munication. The Sandusky, Mansfield, and Newark R. E. 
passes through it, 24 m. N. of Newark and 36 m. S. of 
Mansfield, and will be intersected here by the Springfield, 
Mount Vernon, and Pittsburg R. R., which will bring it 
near markets for its produce and manufactures in all direc- 
tions. It contains an elegant court-house, a jail, an acad- 
emy, a bank, several flouring-mills, foundries, manufactories 
of railroad equipments, etc. Three newspapers are pub- 
lished -weekly, the " Democratic Banner," " M. Y. Free 
Whig,*' and " Ohio Times" (free soil). Pop. 3,710. 
Mount Vernon, p. c, Linn co., la. : N. Iowa City. 
Mount Vernon, p. o., Chester co., Penn. : 5S m. E. S. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Mount Vernon, p. v., Providence CO., H. I.: on a small 
branch of Moosup r., 17 m. W. by S. Providence. 

Mount Veenon, p. o., Monroe co., Term. : 143 m. E.S. E. 
Nashville. 

Mount Vernon, Fairfax co., Virff. : on the W. side of 
the Potomac. G m. below Alexandria, was the residence of 
George Washington. Here he died, and here, on an emi- 
nence commanding a wide view of the noblo river, his re- 
mains repose. 
Mount View, p. o., Davidson co., Tenn. 
Mount View, p. o., Benton co.. Mo. : 63 m. W. S. W. 
Jefferson City. 

Mountville, p. T. and sta., Lancaster co., Penn.: 8 ra. 
W. of Lancaster, on the Columbia and Philadelphia E. E., 
2? m. S. E. by E. Harrisburg. 

Mountville, p. v., Troup county, Ga.: 109 miles W. 
Milledgcville. 

Mountville, p. o., Laurens district, ^S*. Car.: 53 m. 
N. W. byW. Columbi.-i. 

Mountville, p. o., Loudon county, Tirff. : S9 m. N. 
Richmond. 

Mount Yinco, p. a, Buckingham oo., Virff. : 64 m. W. 
Richmond. 

Mount Vision, p. v., Otsego co., 2^. Y. : on Otsego cr. of 
Susquehanna r., 70 m. W. Albany. It contains a woolen 
factory and several mills. 

Mount Warben, p. o., Weakley county, Temi.: 112 m. 
W. by N. Nashville. 

Mount Washington, p. o., Morgan county, Ind. : 27 m. 
S. W. Indianapolis. 



MOU 



MUL 



Mount WiSiirNGTON, p. o., Bullitt co., Ey. : about 4 m. 
N. of Salt r., 3S m. "W. S. W. Frankfort, 

Mount ■Wasiungton, Coos co., K Ilamp. : is the highest 
peak of the "White Mountains, being fj,428 feet above the 
ocean level. lis lop, always covered with snow, is visible 
to mariners when more than 60 m. from shore, or about 
125 m. distant. 

Mount Washington, p. o., Steuben co., N. T. : 1S3 m. 
W. by S. Albany. 

Mount WAsniNGTON-, t. and p. o., Berkshire co., MasiS.: 
In the S. W. corner of the State. 126 m. "VV. by 8. Bost.jn. 
Drained by afHuenIs of Salmon cr., which furnish many 
mill-seats. Surface mountainous. The Tnj^hkonnic range 
crosses the t.. and (mo of its peaks is 3.150 feet high. Wool- 
growing is the leading interest. Timber is abundant, and 
iron ore is ftnmd. Pop. 351. 

Mount WAsniNOTON, p. o., IlamiUon co., Ohio : 93 m. 
8. W. by W. Columbus. 

Mount Welcome, p. o., Clay county, Ky.: 95 m. S. E. 
Frankfort. 

Mount Willing, p. o., Lowndes co., Ala.: 32 m. S. W. 
Montgomery. 

Mount Willing, p. o., East Feliciana par., La. : 19 m. 
N. Batun Ivouge. It is about 10 miles N. E. of Port 
Hudson, and on the line of the ChnU)n and Port Iludsnu 
Kailroad. 

Mount Willing, p. o., Orange co., JVi C<ii\: about 6 m. 
E. of Haw r.. « m. W. N. W. Kaleigh. 

Mount Willing, p. o., Edgefield dist., S. Car. : 3G m. W. 
Columliia. 

Mount Wolf, p. o., York county, Peiin.: IS m. S. 
Harrisbur^. 

Mount Yonah. p. o., Habersham co., Gd. : on Chcstatee 
river, 11^ ra. N. by W. Milledgeville. 

Mount Zeon, p. o., Tallapoosa county, Ala. : 37 m. N. E. 
Montgomery. 

Mount Zion, p. v., Hancock county, Ga. : 25 m. N. E. 
Milledgeville. Here are an academy and several stores. 

Mount Zion, p. o., Lebanon co., Penn. : 23 m. E. by N. 
Harrisburg. 

Mount Zion, p. o., Spartanburg district, S. Car. : Si m. 
N. W. by N. Columl-ia. 

Mount Zion, p. o., Campbell CO., Virg. : 9G m. W. by S. 
Eiohmond. 

Mount Zion, p. o., Simpson co., Miss. : S3 m. S. S. E. 
Jackson. 

Mouse Creek, sta., M'Minn county, Tenn.: 21 m. S. of 
Loudon, on the East Tennessee and Georgia R. R. 

Mouth of Hiwassee, p. o., Meigs co., Te7in. : near the 
confluence of Uiwassee and Tennessee rivers, 109 m. E. S. E. 
Nashville. 

MouTii OF Ikdian, p. o., Monroe co., Ttrg. : on the E. 
Bide of New r., 1S3 m. W. Richmond. 

Mouth of Little Eiter, p. o., Blount co., Tenn.: on 
Tennessee r., 156 m. E. by S. Nashville. 

Mouth of Poca, p. o., Putnam co., Virg. : on the Great 
Kanawha, 24G m. W. by N. Richmond. 

Mouth of Sandv. p. o., Henry co., Tenn. : at the entrance 
of Big Sandy river into the Tennessee, 73 m. W. by N. 
Nashville. 

Mouth of Seneca, p. o., Pendleton co., Virg. : lOG m. 
N. W. by W. Richmond. 

Mouth of Wilson, p. o., Grayson co., Virg.: on the W. 
Bide of New r., 221 m. W. S. W. Richmond. 

Mouth of Yellow Creek, p. v., JetTcrson co., Ohio : on 
the Ohio r. and the Cleveland and Pittsburg K. R., 3 m. S. 
of Wellsville, 124 m. E. N. E. Columbus. 

Maup.tstown, p. v., Highland co., Ohio: on White Oak 
cr., 69 m. S. S. W. Columbus. 

MucniNippE, p. 0., Logan county, Ohio: 46 m. N. W. 
Columbus. 

MucKALtrsnT, p, 0., Neshoba county, Miss. : 71 ra. N. E. 
Jacfcjsoii. 



Mud Bridge, p. o., Cabtll co., Virg.: on an E. branch 
of Guyandotte r., 249 ra. W. by N. Richmond. 

Mud Ckeek, p. o., St. Clair co., HI. : on a branch of the 
Kaskaskia so called, 106 m. S. Springfield. 

Mud Creek, p. o., Eaton county, Mich.: 26 miles W 
Lansing. 

Mud Creek, p. o., M'Nairy co., Tenn. : on an affluent of 
the Tennessee so called, 106 m. S. W. by W. Nashville. 

Mud Creek, p. o., Henderson co., K. Car. : on an E. 
branch of French Broad r., so named, 219 m. W. by S. 
Raleigh. 

Muddy Creek, p. o., Preston co., Virg. ; 192 m. N. W. 
Richmond. 

Muddy Creek, p. o., Forsyth co., 2^. Car.: on an E. 
branch of the Yadkin, 96 m. W. by N. Kaleigh. 

Muddy Creek Forks, p. o., York co., Penn. : 37 m. S. E. 
Hnrrisburg. 

Muddy Fork, p. o., Cleveland co., N. Car: on a fork of 
Buffiilo cr., 14S m. W. by 8. Kaleigh. 

Muddy Lane, p. o., M'Donough co., HI. : S'3 m. N. W. 
Springfield. 

Mud Lick, p. o., Chatham co., K. Car. : 46 m. W. by N. 
Raleigh. 

Mud Spring, p. o., EI Dorado co., Calif. : 103 m. E. N. E. 
Vallejo. 

Mud Spring, p. o., Denton co.. Ten?. : 206 m. N. by E. 
Austin City. 

MnnLENBURG coiinly. Ky. Situate W. centrally, and con- 
tains 5GS sq. m. Green r. forms its N. E. and Vxixxd r. its 
W. boundary, and it is drained by Cypress, Clifly, Big 
Muddy, and other creeks of Green r. Surface varied, and 
soil of good quality in most parts. Com and wheat are the 
staples, and tobacco thriving in the best land. Raising cat- 
tle and slieep, and fattening pork are objects of much atten- 
tion, and furnish valuable exports, especially of the last. 
The county possesses good water-power, and manufactures 
iron castings, flnur, and leather. Farms 921; munuf. 16; 
dwell. 1,451, and pop.— wh. S,250, fr. col. 37, si. 1,522— total 
9,S09. <\ij>it(il: Greenville. 

MunLENEURG, p. o., Luzcmo CO., Penn. : 34 m. N. N. E, 
Harrisburg. 

MuKivK, p. 0., Washington co., Wise: 69 m. E. by N. 
Madison. 

Mukwa, p. v., and cap. Waupaca co., Wise. : on Wolf 
r., near the confluence of Waupaca r., 92 m. N. by E. 
Madison. It is a well located and growing v. in a newly- 
organized county. 

MuinvANAGO, t, and p. o., Waukesha co., Wise: 56 m. 
E. by S. Madison. Drained by affluents of Fox r. Surface 
level, and soil adapted to grain. The Milwaukie and 
Mississippi R. R. passes through the N. W. corner. Popu- 
lation 1.094. 

MuLUERRT, p. o., Autauga co., Ala,: 23 m. W. by N. 
Montgomery. 

MuLisERRY, p. 0., Jackson co., Ga.: 79 m. N. N. W. 
Milledgevllle. 

MuLUERRY, p. 0., Wilkes co., K Car.: 139 m. W. N. W. 
Raleigh. 

MuLUERRY, p. v., Clermont co., Ohio : 84 m. S. W. by W. 
Columbus. 

Mulberry, p. o., Lincoln co., Tenn. : oa a branch of ElJc 
r.. 63 m. 8. by E. NashviUe. 

Mulberry, river, Ala.: a large W. branch of the Black 
Warrior, rises in the N. part of Blount county, flows nearly 
parallel to the main stream in a S. W. course for S5 miles, 
and empties into it on the W. line of Jefferson county. It 
crosses a region rich in deposits of coal. 

Mulberry Corners, p. v., Geauga co., Ohio : 133 m. N. E. 
Columbus. 

Mulberry Gap, p. o.. Hancock co., Tenn. : about 3 m. 
S. of Powell's r., 199 m. E. by N. Nashville. 

Mulberry Grove, p. a, Harris co., Ga. .* about 6 m, E. 
of Chattahoochee r., HI m. W. by S. MUiedgeville. 

519 



MUL 



MUR 



Mulberry Grove, p. o., Bond co., III. : about 3 m. W. 
o* Hurricane cr., 63 m. S. S. K. Sprinsfield. 

MuLUERRT Grove, p. o., Hopkins couuly, Ey. : 163 m. 
V. S. \V. Frankfurt, 

Mull Grove, p. o., Lincoln county, 2>f. Car. : 152 m. 
W by S. llaleigh. 

MuLLiCAS (or LriTLE Egg Harbor) river, K, Jer. : rises 
among the heads of liancocus cr., and flows S. E. between 
Burlinglon and Atlantic counties, into Great Bay and the 
Atlantic Ocean. Vessels of 60 tons can ascend it 20 miles. 

MuLLico UiLL, p. v., Gloucester counly, N. Jet:: on 
Eaccoon cr., 41 m. S. W. Trenton. It contains several 
Btores, and about 500 inhabitants. 

MuLLi^-OAB, p. o., "Warren co., Penn. : 168 m. N. W. by W. 
Harrisburg. 

Mullot's, p. 0., Eobertson co., Term. : 26 m. N. by "W. 
Nashville. 

MuLTONOMAH island, Oreg. Ter. : lies in Columbia r., and 
extends 15 m. down the r., from llie mouth of the Willamette, 
var>ing in width from 1 to '2 miles. 

MuMFORD, p. v., Monroe co., ^V: Y.: 212 m. W. by N. 
Albany. It contains several stores and mills, and 800 
inhabitants. 

MuKCTBTOWN, p. V., and cap. Delaware co., /n^. ; on the 
B. side of White r., -tS m. N. E. by E. Indianajiolis. It is 
regularly built on elevated ground, and has a heavy trade in 
the products of a rich grain region. It contains a court- 
house and jail, an academy, 20 stores, and 1,000 inhabitants. 
Two newspapers, the *' Whig Banner"' and *' Munciet<.>nian," 
are published weekly. It is on the Indianapolis and Belle- 
fontaine R. E., IS ra. E. of Andersontown, and will be 
intersected by the Fort Wayne and Southern R. R. 

ML'^'CT, p. b., Lycoming co., I'enn. : about 1 m. E. of the 
Susquehanna, and S. of Muney or., 64 m. N. Harrisburg. 
It is largely engaged in the lumber trade, and contains a 
dozen stores, and 910 inhabitants. The W. branch division 
of the Pennsylvania Canal passes it 24 m. N. of Northum- 
berland. The " M. Luminary" (whig) is issued here weekly. 
The t. is Muncy Creek, and has a hilly surface and clayey 
soil; drained by Big and Little Muncy creeks. It is well 
timbered, and contains several woolen factories. 

MuNDY, t. and p. o., Genesee co., Mich. : 45 m. E. by N. 
Lansing. Drained by Swartz's cr. and other S. affluents of 
Fhnt r., which supply good water-power. Surface rolling; 
soil sandy loam, in parts covered with pine. Pop. 7S6. 

MuNFORDSviLLE, p. V., and cap. Hart co., Ky. : on the N. 
Bide of Green r., 79 m. S. W. Frankfort. It has a valuable 
trade in corn and tobacco, and contains a coorlrhouse and 
jail, several stores, and 350 inhabitants. 

Mo'Ger's Mills, p. o., Shannon co., Mo. : 9S m. S. E. by 
S. Jefferson City. 

MuNGO Pare, p. o., Washington co., Penn. : 184 m, W. 
Harrisburg. 

MuNNsviLLE, p. v., MadisoH CO., 2r. T. : on Oneida cr., 
9S m. W. by N. Albany. It contains a flouring mill, several 
stores, and 400 inhabitants. 

MuNNTOWN, p. v., Washington co., Penn. : 16S m. W. 
Harrisburg. 

MoNNviLLE, p. v., Coshocton CO., OJdo: 63 m. E. N. E. 
Columbus. 

MuNsoNviLLE, Putuam county, Flor. : 168 m. E. S. E. 
Tallahassee. 

MuNsoNviLLE, p. V., Cheshire county, 2^. ITamp. : 33 m. 
W. S. W. Concord. 

MtiRAT, p. 0., Paulding co., OJdo: 118 m. N. W. by W. 
Columbus. 

Mur.DocKSviLLE, p. T., Washington co., Perm. : 176 m. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Murfee's Dep6t, p. 0., Southampton co., Vlrff.: 52 m. 
S. S. E. Richmond. 

MuRFREESBORo', p. V., Pike CO., Af'k'. : on the E. side of 
Hickorj- cr. of LitUe Missouri r., 97 m. S. W. by W. Little 
Bock. 

620 



MuRKREESBORo', p. V., Hertford co., 2i. Car.: on the S. 
side of Meherrin r., 93 m. E. N. E. Raleigh. It contains an 
acaiiemy and several stores, and has a large trade in lumber. 

MuKFREESBORo',p. b., and cap. Rutherford co,, Tenn.: on 
a branch of Stone r., 2S m. S. E, Nashville. It is well laid 
out on an eminence overlooking a verj' fertile region of corn 
and tobacco land, and is neatly built, mostly with brick. It 
was formerly the capital of the State ; and has a heavy trade 
in tlic products of a large and highly cultivated district. It 
contains a court-house, jail, bank, an academy, college, 
many large stores and warehouses, and about 2,000 inhal)- 
itanls. Union College was founded here, in 1S4S, and in 
1S50 had 5 instructors, 6 alumni, 100 students, and 2,0u0 
volumes in its librarj'. The " R. Telegraph" (whig), and 
'' Circle of Honor" (temp.), are published weekly. It is on 
the Nash\ ille and Chattanooga R. R., 32 m. from Nashville. 

Murfhey, p. v., and cap. Cherokee co., A'. Car. : at Iho 
confluence of Valley and lliwassee rivers, 318 m. W. by 9. 
Raleigh. It lies in a valley, with a superior farming district 
around it, and several tliriving manufactories in the vicinity. 
It contains a court-house and jail, an academy, and 400 
inhabitants. The "■ Cherokee Sentinel'' is published weekly. 

MuRPirREE*8 Valley, p. o., Blount co., Ala. : 107 m. N. 
Montgomery. 

MuEPnv's, p. 0., Calaveras co., Calif. : on Stanislaus r., 
94 m. E. by 8. Vallejo. 

MuRpaiSBOEOUGH, p. v., aud cap. Jackson co., III.: on 
the right bank of Big Muddy r., 143 m. S. by E. Spring- 
fleld. It has a valuable trade, and ships large quantities of 
grain down the r. It contains a court-house and jail, several 
stores and warehouses, and 500 inhabitcnts. 

MuRPUYSviLLE, p. v., Mason co., Ky. : on an E. branch 
of Licking r, G7 m. E. N. E. Frankfort. 

Murray county, Ga. Situate N. W., and contains 556 
sq. m. Drained by Coosawatte and Connasauga rivers, 
head waters of the Coosa. Surface much broken by ranges 
of hills and mountain spurs, but finely diversified with 
valleys of good size and great fertility. Corn is the largest 
product; wheat of excellent quality and some cotton arc 
grown. Superior grazing abounds, fine dairies are kept, 
and wool is sheared largely. The streams furnisli many 
mill-seats, which are fast being occupied with flourishing 
manufactories. Iron ore is found, and valuable mineral 
springs. Farms 1,034; manuf. 25; dwell. 2,047, and pop.— 
wh. 12,492, fr. col. 11, 6l. 1,930— total, 14,433. Capital: 
Spring Place. PuUio Works: East Tennessee and Georgia 
R. R., and Western and Atlantic R. R. 

Murray, p, o.. Wells co., Ind. : 7S m. N. E. Indianapolis. 

Murray, p. v., Callaway co., Ky.: on the E. siilo of 
Clark's r., 213 m. S. W. by W. Frankfort It was for a time 
the capital of the county, and contains several stores, and 
200 inhabitants, 

Murray, t. and p. o., Orleans co., AT. Y. : 10 m. S. of 
Lake Ontario, 22S m. W. byN. Albany. Drained by Sandy 
and Little Salmon creeks flowing intothelake, which furnish 
good mill-seats. Surface nearly level; soil fertile. It is a 
flne grazing t., with several thriving manufacturhig villages 
in it. The Rochester, Lockport, and Niagara Falls R. E. 
and Erie Canal pass through it. Murray sta. is 25 m. W. 
of Rochester. Pop. 2,520. 

Murray's Ferry, p. o., Williamsburg dist.,^. Car. : 66 m. 
E. S. E. Columbia, 

McKRAYSviLLE, p. v., Jackson CO., Virg, : on the Ohio 
r., 25S ra. W. N. W. Richmond. It occupies a narrow 
tongue, with the r. on the N. and S., aud is engaged in 
Iwat-building. 

Murrill'8 Shop, p. o.. Nelson co., Virg. : 74 m. W. by N. 
Richmond. 

Mukrissvixle, p. v., Butler co., Penn. : 16S m. W. K, W. 
Harrisburg. 

Murrvsville, p. v., Westmoreland co., Petm. : on an E, 
branch of the Monongahela, 144 m. W. by N. Harrisburg. It 
contains several stores and a woolen factory. 



MCS 



NAG 



Muscatine county, la. Situate S. E., ami contains 441 
Bq. ni. Bounded S. E. by the Mississippi, and drained by 
Cedar r.and its brancties. Surface rolling; soil very fertile. 
Corn, wbcal, oats, and potatoes, are excellent crops. It is a 
very fine fanning county, and almost as good for grazing. 
The streams afford abundant water-power, and the iucation 
is very fuvoraljle for commerce, malcing it tbe thoroughfare 
of the immigration and tran:*porIalinn of a large back 
country. Farms 460; raanuf. 19; dwell. 999, and pop. — 
wh. 5,663, fr. col. OS— total 5,731. Cupital: Muscatine. 

Muscatine (formerly Eloomington), p. v., and cap. Mus- 
catine cii., la. : on the Mississippi, 33 miles below Daven- 
port, 31 m. S. E. by E. Iowa City. It has an excellent 
steamboat landing, and is a large commercial place, being 
the shipping port of the rich district between Iowa City and 
the MiSvSissi|}pi, the trade of which it mostly commands. It 
has advaiilagi.-s for trade and commerce which must make 
it a place of great wealth and importance. It contains a 
court-house, jail, 2 academies, several handsome churchoe, 
numerous large stures and warehouses, and 2,534 inlmbi- 
tanis. Two weekly papers are published— the " Democratic 
Inquirer" and " M. Journal." 

MuscoDA, p. o., Grant co., Wise: on the S. side of 'Wis- 
consin r., 54 m. W. by N. Madison. 

MuscoGEF, county, Ga. Situate middle on W. line, and 
contains 3T6 sq. m. Drained by Upatoi cr. and smaller 
tributaries of Uie Chattahoochee, which forms the W. bound- 
ary. Surface diversified; soil exceedingly fertile on the 
large streams, and generally of good quality. Cotton is the 
staple. Corn is a fine crop, and good wheat is grown. 
"Water-power in abundance is furnished by the falls of the 
Chattahoochee, and large manufactories of cotton and w<X)l- 
en goods are in successful operation on and near that river. 
The same stream, being navigable at all seasons, affords 
great facilities for the transportation of the products of a 
large and fertile region, which pass through this county. 
Parms 5SI ; manuf. 30; dwell. 1,SS4, and pop.— wh. 10,360, 
fr. col. 62, si. 8,156— total 1S,576. Capital : Columbus. 
Public WorJcs: Muscogee U. R. 

MrsH Creek, p. o., Greenville dist., S. Car. : 93 m. N.W. 
Columbia. 

MrsHuLAViLLE, p. 0., Noxubee co., Miss.: 103 m. N. E. 
Jackson. 

Muskeego, p. o., Milwaukie co., Wise. : 72 m. E. by S. 
Madison. 

Muskeego Centre, p. c, Waukesha co., Wise: CT m. 
E. by S. Madison. 

Muskegon, t. and p. o., Ottawa county, Mich. : S5 m. 
"W. N. "W. Lansing. Drained by Muskegon r. and its 
branches. Surfaee even, and soil very productive and heav- 
ily timbered with oak and pine. Marl is found in large 
quantities. Pop. 4S4. 

McsKET, p. 0., Navarro county, Tex. : 146 m. N. N. E. 
Austin City. 

Muskingum county, OJiio. Situate S. E. centrally, and 
contains 809 sq. m. Drained by Muskingum r. and its 
branches. Licking r. and Wills' and Salt creeks, which af- 
ford almost unlimited -water-power. Surface somewhat 
lully; soil of great fertility, equally adapted to grass and 
grain. "Wheat and corn are the great staples, and the crops 
very large. Most of the grains thrive. Large dairies are 
kept, and great numbers of sheep and swine raised. Live- 
stock, beef, wool, and pork are extensively exported. The 
county contains valuable salt springs, which formerly yield- 
ed immense quantities of salt. The product, though much 
less now, is still large. It has large beds of bituminous coal 
and quarries of burr stone, much used for mill-stones, and a 
superior clay for pottery. Its manufactures are various and 
very large — flour, stone and earthen-ware, salt, cotton and 
woolen goods, leather, distilled and malt liquors, iron cast- 
ings, and machinery being the principal. Farms 2,6S0 ; 
manuf. 35S; dwell. 7,75T, and pop.— wh. 44,421, fr. eol. 62S 
—total 45,049. Capital: Zanesville. FttNic Works: Ohio 

S3 



Canal; Cleveland, Zanesville, and Cincinnati 11. 11.; Cen- 
tral Ohio It. It. ; Cincinnati, Wilmington, and Zanesville 
Eailroad, 

Muskingum, t. and p. o., Jluskingum co., Ohio: 49 m. 
E. by N. Columbus. Bounded E. by Muskingum r.. and 
drained by a branch of the Licking. Surface slightly un- 
even; soil very fertile. It has numerous salt springs. 
Pop. 1,509. 

Muskingum river, Ohio: fi->rmed bythe union at Coshocton 
of Walhonding and Tuscarawas rivers, which rise in the S. 
part of the Connecticut Reserve, flows about 120 m. in a 
S. E. course, and empties into the Ohio at Marietta. It is 
225 yards wide at the mouth, and by means of lucks, dams, 
and short canals is navigable 96 m. to Dresden. The Ohio 
Canal here connects with it by a side cut, and proceeds up 
the valley of the Tuscarawas, and the Wallminling Canal 
follows the other constitutent, diverging from the former at 
Iloseoe. Tho numerous falls of the river alTord almost un- 
limited water-power. 

Mustang, p. o., Lavaca county, Ter. : 76 m. S. S. E. 
Austin City. 

Mutual, p. o., Champaign co., Ohio: 46 m. W. by N. 
Columbus, 

Mtatte, p. o., Fulton co., Ark. : on a creek so called, a 
N. affluent of Spring r., 113 m. N. by E. Little Rock. 

MvERSBURG, p. v., Bradford co., Penn. ; 9S m. N. by E. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Myeestown, p. v., Lebanon co.. Ptrnv. : on Tulpehoeken 
cr. and the Union Canal, 31 m. E. by N. Ilarrisburg. The 
"M. Gazette" (dem.) is published weekly. Pop. 4n0. 

Mterstille, p. v., Frederick county, Md. : 67 m. N. W. 
Annapolis. 

Myers' Mills, p. o., Vermillion co., 77?..* on the N. fork 
of Big Vermillion r., 109 m. E. by N. Springfli-hi. 

Mveick's, sta., Bristol co., Mass. : on the Fall River R. R. 
and New Be<lford and Taunton R. R. at their intersection, 
12 m. from Fall River and 14 m. from New Be^iford. 

Myrtle Springs, p. c, Bowie co., Tear. ; 291 m. N. E. 
Austin City. 

Mystic, p. v.. New London county, Conn. : on Mystic r., 
45 m. S. E. Hartford. 

Mystic Bridge, p. v., New London county, Crmn.: on 
Mystic r., 2 m. above its mouth, 43 m. S. E. Hart(i>rd. The 
v. lies on both sides of the river, which is spanned by a toll 
bridge, and is navigable for vessels of 400 tons burden. 
Ship-building and the coasting an<i West India trade are 
the leading interests of the v., which contains 2 banks, an 
academy, and about 1,000 inhabitants. 

Mvstio River, p. o., New London co., Coiui. : 47 m. S. E. 
Hartford. 



N. 



Naaman's Creek, p. o, and sta., New Castle co.. Dfi ; on 
Naaman's cr. of Delaware r., and on the Philadelphia and 
Baltimore R. R., 20 m. S. W. Philadelphia. 

Naausat, p. o., Kendall county, III. : 135 m. N. N. E. 
Springfield. 

Nacogdociies county, Tex. Situate toward the N. E.^ 
and contains 943 sq. m. Drained by branches of Adoyar r., 
which forms its western boundary, and by branches of An- 
gelina r., which runs on the S. W. and W. Surfaee level, 
or gently undulating; soil very fertile, particularly on the .\t- 
toyac and Angelina rivers, where the land is rich and well 
adapted to the culture of cotton, corn, and fruits of different 
kinds. Grapes are abundant, and might, with cultivation, 
be rendered valuable. It is well wooded, and has some fine 
.^iprings and streams of clear running water of excellent 
quality. It contains some minerals. Farms 287; manuf. 
S ; dwell. 631, and pop.— wh. 3,753, fr. col. 31, si. 1.404— total 
5,193. Capital: Nacogdoches. Public Works: Spanish 
Military Road. 

521 



NAC 

Nacogdoches, p. v., and cap. Nacogdoches co., Tev.: is 
on an elcvaled angiijar plain, between and above the junc- 
tion uf the buautil'ul streams Bonito, on the W., and La- 
naiia, on Uie E., the main branchea of Bayou Lanana, 
210 m. N. K. by E. Austin City. This v. was one among 
the first settled by the Spanish in Texas, and grew to con- 
siderablo importance ; but under the wars with Mexico it 
sulTered greatly. In 1S82, the Mexican Centralist troops 
were expelled by the citizens and inhabitants of the neigh- 
boring country. It is now rapidly progressing in prosperity. 
Nacooche, p. 0., Habersham CO., Ga.: US m. N. by W. 
Milled geville. 

Naglesviile, p. v., Monroe county, Pen-n. : 96 m. N. E. 
Harrisburg. Cobb's Gap E. E. passes through this village. 
Nauant, peninsula and p. o., Essex co., Mass. : 9 m. 
N. E. Boston. This peninsula is part of the town of Lynn, 
from which it projects S. 4 m. into Massachusetts Bay, form- 
ing on the E. side Nah.mt Bay, and on the W. side Lynn 
Harbor. It consists of four parts: Long Beach, Little Ma- 
hant, Bass Neck or Nahant Beach, and Great Nahant. 
Long Beach, which connects it with Lynn, is ^ m. in 
length, smooth and very hard, affording a most delightful 
ride. Little Nahant contains 42 acres, of which a part is 
cultivated. Bass Neck connects this with the outer and 
main portion of the peninsula, called Great Nahant, or 
more generally, Nahant, which is 2 m. long, in parts Hm. 
wide, and contains 463 acres. The surface is uneven, being 
from 40 to 100 feet above the level of the sea. The shores 
mostly consist of precipitous rocks, with a great depth of 
water below. At times the roar of the ocean surge is sub- 
lime. In fair weather the scenery is delightfuL During the 
Buminer months it is greatly resorted to from Boston and 
vicinity, by steamboats hourly plying. A large hotel and 
other boarding-houses provide excellent accommodations, 

Naumyoo bay. Door co., Wise. : an inlet of Green Bay, 
TIV. from Sturgeon Bay. 

Na)iu>*ta, p. o. and sta., "Wayiie co., y. Car. : on Wjl- 
mingion and Weldon E. E., 10 m. N. Goldsboro', 42 m. 
E. S. E. Kaleigh. 

Nail Factoky, p. o., Gaston county, iK Car. : 138 m. 
W. S. W. Ealeigh. 
Naikn, p. o., Scioto CO., Ohio: 75 m. S. by E. Columbus. 
Namautun, p. o., Marquette co., Wise. : 55 m. N. by E. 
Madison. 

NA.MASKET river, Bristol co., Mass. : unites with Bridge- 
water r. in Taunton. 

Namedin lake. La Poinle co., TTmo. .• one of the sources 
of Bad r., 24 m. S. S. W. from its entrance into Lake 
Superior. 

Namekegon river. La Pointe co., Wise. : rises in Nidjikwe 
lake, drains S. part of La Pointe county, and is a head 
branch of Su Croix river. 

NA.MOZIXE, p. o., Amelia CO., Tirg.: on Namozino cr., 
27 m. W. S. W. Eichmond. 

Nanafalia, p. v., Marengo Co., Ala. : on the E. side of 
Tombigbce r., 1 m. from the bluff and landing, 99 m. W. by S. 
Montgomery. 

Nancemost, p. 0., Cass co., JV. : 24 m. N. TV. by W. 
Springfield. 

Nanjemot, p. v., Charles co., 3/<l. : W. of Nanjemoy Bay, 
47 m. S. "W. Annapolis, is a port, and has considerable 
trade. 

Nanjemoy bay, Charles co., Md. : a small inlet on E. side 
of Potomac r., 8 m. S. W. Port Tobacco. 

Nankin, t, and p. o., "Wayne co,, Jfich, ; 64 m. E. 8. E. 
Lansing. Drained by the W. and S, branches of Rouge r. 
Surface undulating ; soil sandy loam ; is (irsl-rate grass land. 
There is considerable water-power on buth branches of the 
Kouge. 'The greater portion of this and adjoining towns is 
heavily timbered. Pop. 1,617. 

Nankin, p. v., Ashland co., Oftio : on a branch of "Wal- 
honding r,, 74 m, N, N. E. Columbus. 
Nansemond county, Virg. Situate S. E., and contains 



NAN 

444 sq, m. Drained by branches of Nansemond r., which 
falls into James r., on the N. border. Surface even ; soil in 
general fertile, and produces good crops of cotton, Indi.an 
corn, etc It contains a portion of the Dismal Swamp and 
Lake Drummond, which supplies tlie Dismal Swamp Canal 
by a feeder five miles long. Farms 731 ; manuf. .32 ; dwell. 
1,528, and pop.— wh. 6,425, fr, col. 2,143, si. 4,715— total 12,2S3. 
Capital: Suffolk. Public Works: Sea-board and Eoanoko 
R. E. ; Petersburg and Norfolk E. E.; Dismal Swamp 
Canal, etc. 

NANSE.MOND river, N.ansemond co., Virg. : rises in Dismal 
Swamp, and from Suffolk to its entrance into Hampton 
Eoads, is navigable for vessels of 100 tons. 

Nantasket, sta,, Plymouth CO,, Maas. : on South Shore 
E. E,, 19 m, from Boston, 

Nantasket Beach, peninsula, Plymouth CO., Miss. : 9 m. 
E. 8. E, Boston, This peninsula, in Boston harbor, wliich 
is part of the ancient town of Hull, is now a place of much 
reaort during the summer months from Boslon and vicinity, 
A fine steamboat makes several trips daily. Hero are nu- 
merous houses of entertainment, opportunities for bathing, 
fishing, etc, 

Nantasket Eoad, Mass. : one of the main entrances into 
Boston harbor, S, of the light-house; affords good anchor- 
age, with five or six fathoms water. 

Nanticoke river, Del. and Md. : rises in Sussex co., Del., 
flows S. W. in Md., receives Marshy Hope r., and enters a 
branch of Chesapeake bay, by a wide estuary, 45 m. from 
its source. 

Nanticoke, hund., Sussex co., Del. .• 30 m. 8. Dover. 
Drained by creeks of Nanticoke r., which form its W. bound- 
ary. Area, 63,910 acres. 

Nanticoke, p. v., Luzerne co., Penn. : on S, side of E. 
branch of Susquehanna r,, 75 m, N, E, by N, Harrisburg, 

Nanticoke Falls, Peiin. : in Susquehanna r., 8 m. below 
Wilkesbarre, A dam which is here erected for feeding the 
North Branch Canal, supplies a vast quantity of siuplus 
water and great water-power, 

Nanticoke Springs, p, v,, Broome co,, Jf. T.: 126 m,W. 
by S, Albany, Contains a sulphur-spring, hotel, etc The v. 
is in t. of Nanticoke, which is drained by head branches of 
Nanticoke cr, ; has undulating surface, Poj). of t, 576, 

Nantucket county, Mass. : situate in the Atlantic ocean, 
and comprising the island of Nantucket and other smaller 
islands adjacent ; the main island is distant from Martha's 
Vineyard 10 m, E., and from Cape Cod 80 m, S., and contains 
an area of 60 sq, m. Surface in the S, level, in the N. 
somewhat elevated ; soil in general barren, and no tree or 
shrub of any size is to be found on the island. Most of the 
land is common, on which large numbers of cattle are fed. 
The inhabitants are chiefly employed in navigation and tho 
fisheries. Off the S. E. of the island are Nantucket Shoals. 
Farms 5S ; manuf. 60 ; dwell. 1,2S5, and pop. — wh. 8,110, fr. 
col. S42— total 8.452. Capital : Nantucket. 

Nantooket, port of entry, t, p. v., and cap. Nantucket 
CO., Muss. : on N. side of Nantucket island, 90 ra. S. S. E. 
Boston. Lat N. 41° 16' 56" ; long. TV. 70° 6' 12", The v, 
is situated at the bottom of the bay, which is 6 m. long, and 
almost entirely land-loeked, being divided from the ocean 
by a narrow beach. The projecting points of beach, which 
tlius lock in the harbor, are J m, apart, and furnished with 
light-houses, as is also the harbor. The harbor is good. Two 
miles N. of the harlior is a bar, with 7} ft. of water at low lide. 
The shore on w hich the v, is built is more inclined to tho 
water than the rest of the island. It is built very compactly, 
with narrow streets. In 1S46, July 13th, it suffered most 
severely by a eonfiagration, which destroyed in a few hours 
SCO buildings; amount of loss, $1,000,000; amount insuri'd, 
.$.320,000; number of families who suffered. 4,'jO: contribu- 
tions received from Boston and other places, $65,000. This 
jilace was the first to engage in the wh.-de fisheries, and is 
still more largely engaged than any other town in the United 
States, except New Bedford, where this business was eslab- 



NAN 



lislied by persons from Nantucket. On 30th June, 1S50, 
Nantucket had an aggregate permanent tonnage of 29,012 
tons : of which 25,837 were registered, ami 8,1T5 enroUed 
and licensed. Eegistered in the whale fishery, 19,053 tons ; 
enrolled and licensed in cod fishery, 403 tons; in mackeral 
fishery, 592 tons; in coasting trade, 2.1S0 tons; in steam 
navigation, 4T9 tons. The receipts from Iho whale fishery 
in 1649 were 1T,SS7 barrels sperm oil, and 6,461 barrels whale 
oil, and 63,200 pounds whale-bone. The Athenaeum has a 
good Ijuilding, 2,500 volumes in library, and a valuable col- 
lection of curiosities. A steamboat plies liaily to New Bed- 
ford. The racific Bank has a capital of J2i:io,0(10. The 
"N. Inquirer" is published tri-weckly and weekly; the 
"N. Mirror" (neut.), weekly. Pop. of t. 8,452. 

Nanuet, p, 0., Eockland county, K 7. : 104 m. 8. by W. 
Albany. 

Napa county, Calif. Situate "W. and to the N. of San 
Pablo Bay, which lies on its S. border, and receives its 
drainage by the Napa r. Surface mountainous with exten- 
sive valleys; the Coast P.ange traversing it. Pop. in 1853, 
2,116. Capital: Napa. 

Napa, p. v., and cap. Napa CO., Calif. : on E. bank of 
Napa cr., 26 m. N. N. W. Vallejo, in the centre of one of 
the most beautiful, fertile, and extensive valleys which border 
on San Pablo bay, and promising to become the flourishing 
centre of this rich agricultural district. 

Napa-sock, p. v., Ulster county, N. T. ; "0 m. S. S. VT. 
Albany, on Eondout cr., 4 m. from Delaware and Hudson 
Canal. . 

NAPEnvixtE, p. v., and cap. Du P.age co., HI. : on E. side 
of W. fork of Du Page r., 161 m. N. E. by N. Springfield. 
Contains the court-house and county buildings. Two news- 
papers are issued weekly— "Du Page County Eecorder" 
(dem.), and " Democratic Plaindealer" (dem.) Pop. 2,000. 
Naples, t, p. v., and sta., Scott Co., III. : on E. side of 
Illinois r., 2 m. above the mouth of Mauvaiseterre cr., 30 m. 
■W Springfield. This is the W. terminus of the Sangamon 
and Morgan E. E., 55 m. from Springfield. The "N. Ob- 
Berver" (dem.) is issued weekly. 

Naples, t. and p. o., Cumberland county, Mf. : N. side of 
Sebago po.id, 60 m. S. W. Augusta. Watered by Sebago 
and Long ponds, and Crooked and Sango rivers, which 
afl'ord mill privileges. The v. is on E. side of Long pond, 
or Bay of Naples. Pop. of 1. 1,025. 

NAPLtB, t. and p. v., Ontario co., IT. T. : 192 m. W. Al- 
bany. Surface hilly ; soil clay loam ; drained by inlets of 
Canandaigua and Honeoyo lakes. The v. contains numer- 
ous mills and factories. Pop. of t 2,376. 

Napoleon, p. v., Desha co., Ark. : on W. bank of Missis- 
Bijipi r., at junction of Arkansas r, 99 m. S. E. Little Eock. 
Napoleon, p. v., Kipley counly, Ind. : 53 miles S. E. 
Indianapolis. 
Napoleon, p. v., Gallatin Co., Ki/. : 42 m. N. Frankfort. 
Napoleon, t. and p. v.. Jackson co., Mich. : 41 m. E. S. E. 
LansiEig. The t is well timbered, has several large lakes, 
and fine streams. 'White sandstone of superior quality 
abounds. Surface undulating; soil rich sandy loam. The 
v. is in N. E. corner of the t. Pop. of L 1,203. 

Napoleon, t.. p. v., and cap. Henry county, Ordo : on N. 
bank of Maumee r., 73 m. N. W. Columbus, on the Wabash 
and Erie Canal. Pop. of t. 566. 

Napoleontille, p. v., and cap. Assumption par.. La.: 
on W. bank of Bayou la Fourche, 36 m. S. by E. Baton 
Eouge. A newspaper, "Lc Pionnier de 1' Assumption," is 
published weekly. 

Napoli, U and p. o., Catlaraugus county, A'. Y. : 204 m. 
■W. by 8. Albany. Surface of town undulating; soil good. 
Drained by Cold Spring cr. Pop. 1,233. 
NABitAGANSETT, p. o.,_Washington CO., 71. I. 
Narkagansett bay, jl. I. This beautiful bay sets up N. 
from the Atlantic, between Seaconnett rocks on the E. and 
Point Judith on the W., which are 17 m. apart. It contains 
the large islands Ilhode, Canonicut, Prudence, and mmier- 



NAS 

ous small ones, extends N. 29 m., and terminates in 
Providence r. Its more inland portions are called Provi- 
dence Bay, Mount Hope Bay, and Greenwich Bay. It is 
one of the finest bays in the United Stales, being always 
accessible, capacious, sate, and deep enough for the largest 
vessels. 

Naeeaguagub, p. o., Washington co,, Me. : on E. bank 
of N.arraguagus r., 96 m. E. by N. Augusta. 

Naiieagiiaqos river and bay, Washington CO., Mf. : rises 
in ponds N. of town of lleddington. runs S. S. E. 35 m., 
draining the towns of Beddiuglou,Deblois, Cherryfleld, and 
MiUbridge, and empties into Narraguagus bay, » hieh con. 
tains a number of islands, has a good entrance, and on the E. 
connects with Pleasaul Bay. 

Naerows, p. o., Pike county, Penn. : on Laxawason cr., 
lis m. N. E. Ilarrisburg. 

Nakrows, p. 0., Noddawiiy counly, Mo.: 1S6 m. N. W 
JcflV-'rson City. 

Narrows, New York Harbor— the channel from New 
York Bay to the lower bay, 1 m. wide ; defended on Slalea 
Island side by Forls Richmond and Tompkins, and on Long 
Island side by Forls IlaniUton and La Fayette. 

Narrows, p. o., Jefferson county, Jf. i'. : IIU m. N. W. 
Albany. 

NAsnowsBtTEG, p. V., and sta., Sulliv.an county, A' 5 . ; on 
Delaware r., 98 m. S. W. Albany ; sta. of Erie E. E., 132 m. 
from New York. Near N. are many tanneries, owing to 
the abundance of hemlock. The scenery of the vicinity is 
very beautiful. The " Narrows" of the Delaware r. are 
crossed by a wooden bridge having a span of 184 feet. 

Narrow Valley, p. o., Benton ca, Ala. : 102 m. N. N. E. 
Montgomery. 

NAsn counly, JV. Car. Situate toward the N. E., and 
contains 588 sq. m. Drained by Tar r. and its branches. 
Surface level; in some parts it is broken; soil in general 
fertile, and well adapted to grain. On the streams there ts 
much good land, and cotton is grown extensively. Farms 
71S- manuf. 24; dwell. 1.24S, and pop.— wli. 6,972, fr. col. 
629, si. 4,056-total 10,657. Cajntal: Nashville. PiilUo 
]yorks: Wilmington and Weldon E. E., on its E. border. 

Nashotah lakes, Waukesha co., ll'wc. ; these two small 
lakes present a most beautiful appear.ance. On ttie E. 
bank of the N. lake is the Nashotah mission school, college, 
etc., of the Episcopal Church. 

Nashpokt, p. v., Muskingum county, OJiio : on N. bank 

Licking r., and on the Ohio and Erie Canal, 37 m. E. by N. 

Columbus. .^ „ _. 

Nasii-s Foed, p. 0., EusscU co., Tirg. : 247 m. W. S. W. 

Eichmond. 

NAsn'8 Steeam, N'. ITamp.: a short branch of tpper 
Ammonoosuck r., draining W. part of towns of Stratford 
and Northumberland. 

NAsmjA, t. an.l p. v., nillsboro' co., jV JTamp. : on W. 
side of Merrimac r., at confluence of Nashua r., 81 m. 9. by E. 
Concord.- The t. is bounded on the N. and W. by Nashua 
river, scp.irating it from the town of Nashville, which, untd 
1842, with it formed Ihe town of Nashua. Surface of town is 
level on the E., uneven on the W. ; soil on the streams fer- 
tile. This town, formerly called Dunstable, was the first 
one settled in the S. part of New Hampshire, and sufl-ered 
much by attacks from Indians. The v. is in the N. i:. corner 
of the town, and is now a very important manufaclurmg 
village, deriving a great water-power from Nashua river, 
whidi in two miles falls 65 feel. In 1S22-3 the gr.-ater por- 
tion of the lands in the village and on the river up to the 
falls was purchased by the "Nashua Manufaclunng I om- 
pany," which, with a capital of $300,000, c..mmenced bu.ld- 
in- a dam, canal, and olher works for factories. Tins com- 
pany now has a capital of $1,000,000, and 4 large mills man- 
ufacturing shining an.l drills, printing cloths, and jeatis, and 
sheetin-3. Whole number of spindles is 87,460; looms, 
i,089; male operatives, 150; females, 650. Tl''^^"= -"ilia 
1 manufacture 13,000,000 yards of cloth yearly, usms 10,000 

023 



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balM of cotton, or 4,000.000 lbs., 160,000 lbs. starch, 8,000 
gallons of sperm oil, $4,000 vv<,rlhorK-ather, SOD cords wood. 
Tlie "J.-ickson Company" have- 2 mills manuracluring sheet- 
taKS and shirtings, using yearly 4,600 bales of colt.m, or 
1,SOO.OOO lbs-, 50,000 lbs. starch, etc. The machine-shop, 
b'uilt'by the Nashua Company in l!>45, is occupied by man- 
ufacturers of steam-engines, machinists' tools, locks, guns, 
axes, etc., and here several hundred men are employed. 
The "Nashua Iron Company," established in 1S4S, have a 
capital of $100,000, and employ 00 men ; they use 8,600 tons 
coal yearly; their sales are $175,000. Baldwin's factory of 
shuttles and spool bobbins employs 120 men; yearly sales, 
$100,000. There are other large factories, founilries of 
stoves, large iron castings, etc. Summary of N. cotton man- 
ufactures: no. of spindles, 49,094; looms. 1,488; male ope- 
ratives, WO: females. 1,200 ; yards manufactured, 18,000,000; 
capital invested, $1,480,000. The total capital invested in 
factories in N. is about $2,000,000; male operatives, 1,000; 
females, 1.300. The Nashua and Jackson companies each 
have a savings institution for their employees. I'our rail- 
roads connect N. with the large towns a<lj:ieent, viz., Lowell 
and Nashua, Worcester and Nashua. Nashua and Wilton, 
and Concord K. E. There are 2 banks, capital $225,1100, 
and T churches. Three newspapers are published weekly : 
"N. II. Telegraph" (whig), " N. Gazelle" (dem.), "The 
Oasis" (lit.) i'op. 5,S20. 

Nashua river, KITiimp. and J/<i«s.; rises in Worcester 
CO., Mms., being formed by 2 branches uniting in Lancas- 
ter, flows chiefly in a N. N. E. course, and empties into 
Jlerrimac r., at Nashua, K. Ilamp. 

Nashville, p. v., Lee CO.. In. : on the W. bank of Mis- 
sissippi r., SO m. S. by E. Iowa City. 

Nashville, p. v., and cap. Washington CO., HI. : at the 
heads of Little Crooked creek of Illinois r., 102 m. S. by E. 
8pr\ngfleld. It contains a court-house, several stores, and 
about 40 dwellings. 

N.AsnviLLE, p. v., and cap. Brown CO., Iiut. ; :39 m. S. by W. 
Indianapolis. 

N.\sin-ii.LE, p. v., Lowndes Co., Minf!. : on the N. bank 
of Tombigbee r., at junction of Kineadea cr., 120 m. N. E. 
Jackson. 

Nashville, p. v., Boone co., J/o. ; on N. side of Missouri 
river, 24 m. N. N. W. Jefferson City. 

Nashville. L, p. v., and sla.. nillsbornugh CO., iV. ITamp. ; 
on W. side Merrimac r., and N. side of Nashua r. The v., 
in B. E. part of t., is connected with Nashua village, aud 
contains numerous factories. Pop. 3.122. 

Nashville, p. o., Chautauque county, y. Y. : 270 m. W. 
Albany. 

Nashville, p. v., and cap. Nash Co., X. Car. ; on S. side 
Stony cr. of Tar r.. 80 m. N. E. Kaleigh. 

Nashville, p. v., Ilolmes county, Ohio: 41 m. N. E. 
Columbus. 

NASiivrLLE, p. city, port of entry, and cap. Davidson Co., 
Ti'un., and cap. of Ihe State of Tennessee : on the left bank 
of the Cumberland river, 120 m. above its entrance into the 
Ohio, anil at the head of steamboat navigation thereof. 
Lat. 81)0 09' 33", and long. 86° 49' 03"— 714 m. W. by S. 
W.Tshington. The city is built on an elevated bluff of lime- 
stone, and on every side presents to the approaching trav- 
eler an imposing appearance. From Cajutol Hill, within 
he city, a more interesting scene is seldom witnessed. 
Covering the base of the hill, and crowding to the cxtremest 
margin of the business-l.iden Cumberland, is the city it.self, 
its streets alive with the bustle of an active commerce, and 
its suburbs literally growing under the eye of the .spectator. 
Surrounding it with a bonier of beautiful eullivalion, lie 
extensive and valuable farms, intersected by numerous turn- 
pikes, which, centering in the city, radiate to opposite ncigli- 
borhoods ; and in every direction is seen the railroad, com- 
plete and incomplete, which Vill open oullcLs to one of the 
richest agricultural and mining regions of the great West ; 
and girding in all to a quiet security, rise a range of low 
624 



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and pleasant hills, partly covered with native cedars, and 
adorned with graceful dwellings. But it is not altogether 
the natural beauties of the locality that attract the traveler's 
attention ; the country for miles around is rich in soil and 
abounding in minerals, yielding to industry a compensatory 
reward, and to commerce material of no mean valuation. 

Nashville was laid out at the latter part of the last century, 
but although always a place of .some consideration, the tide 
of its prosperity rose slowly until within the last half tho 
term of its existence. In 1830 it contained only 6,500 inhab- 
itants, and even in 1.U0 only 6,929. In IS.'iO its populatioa 
bad increased to 10,475, or in llic ratio of 51.2 per cent, io 
the decade between 1840 and 1S50. Its commerce has 
increased in even a larger proportion, owing to the extent 
of roads having been multiplied, and to the improvements 
in the navigation of the river. The tonnage owned in the 
district of which Nashville is the port amounted in 1S50 to 
8,797 tons, all comprised in steamers, some of them magnifl- 
cent passenger boats, navigating the Cumberland and its 
tributaries, or sailing between Nashville and the ports of the 
Ohio river. The railroads centering here are the Nashville 
and Chattanooga E. E., extending in a S. E. direction to 
Chattanooga, on the Tennessee river, where it connects with 
the railroads to Charleston and Savannah, the distance from 
Nashville to the first being 599 m., and to the latter 5*! m. ; 
the New Orleans and N;ishvillc E. E., extending S. W. in 
the direction of the first named place ; the Memphis and 
Nashville E. E. ; the Nashville and Paris E. E. : the Nash- 
ville and Uenderson E. E. ; the Louisville and N;islivllle 
Eailroail. and the Lexington and N.ashvillo E. E. Of these 
several Mnes only the first is completed, but ino.st <,f the 
others are progressing, or under contract to be built forth- 
with, and the whole system will probalily be in operation in 
three or four years from the 1st Jan., 1853. These, when 
completed, will connect this commercial centre with every 
part of the Union— with the Gulf, the Ohio and Mississippi, 
the great lakes, and the Atlantic, from Maine to Florida— 
and make it one of the most important receiving and <lis- 
tributing depots of the intern.al commerce of the ccntr,Tl 
valley. 

The city was originally laid out on a plot of 200 acres, but 
it has long since overstepped the limits its projectors a-ssigneJ 
to it, and hence suburbs almost equal in extent and popula- 
tion to the city proper have grown up around it. The city 
has a handsome public square, on which stands the county 
court-house, market-house, etc. Tho court-house is a 
splendid building, 105 feet in front by (3 feet deep, with 
basement and two stories, surmounted by a dome, the top 
of which is 90 feet from tho ground, and supported by eight 
Ionic columns ; the market-house is also a spacious and 
substantial edifice, a portion of which is occupied as a city 
had and clerk's oflice. The other public buildings are the 
State-house, the University, the Lunatic Asylum, the Slato 
Prison, 12 or 14 churches of various denominations, numer- 
ous schools and academies, 8 banks (capital $3,058,500), etc. 
The Slate-house is located on one of the highest eminences of 
the city. It was built about 10 years ago, on a four acre plot, 
presented by the city to the Slate, and is a noble edifice, 
towering above the place, and serving as a landmark for 
miles around, being the first object descried by the ap- 
proaching traveler. It has spacious halls for the legislature, 
and other convenient offices. The Lunatic Asylum is a 
large and commodious building, three stories high, and will 
accommodate 100 patients. The Penitentiary or Stato 
Prison is located in the western suburbs, and h:us a fnuit of 
310 feet, and is .850 feet deep. It has apartments tor the 
keeper, an hospital, guard-room, and cells for 2il0 eonvicla 
The Halls of the University were founded in 1S06. The 
main building is 200 feet long and 50 feet deep, three stories 
high, with wings, and an extensive buililing used as a 
chemical laboratory. All the college buildings, except tho 
president's house, are within the college campus, an area 
of S acres. In 1S60 it had 7 professors and 75 students, and 



NAS 



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its librury contiiincd 10.'2LiT volumes. Tlie number of its 
alumni at that date was 3'JS. The medical depart ment had 
7 profi'ssors. Near Nashville is also Frauklin College, 
foundtd in lS4o, and which, in 1S50, had 5 professors, 26 
aliunni, SO students, and a library of 3,0(10 volumes. Many 
of ihe ehurcliea are large and elegant structures ; the Kpis- 
coj)al church is a magnificent Gothic builtiing, and llie 
schonl-houses, of which there are many, are in general neat 
and commodious. Nashville is the see of a Koman CatlKilie 
diocese of the same name, and. there are within the city 
efficient Catholic schools for both boys and girls. 

The newspaper and periodical press of the city consists 
of 5 daily and 7 weekly papers, and 2 monthly periodicals. 
The dailies arc the "American" (dem.), the "Gazette'' 
(neutral), the " Uepublican Banner" (^vhig), the "Evening 
Eeporler" (neutral), and the " N. Union" (dem.) ; the week- 
lies, the ""Western Christian Advocate" (Mcth.). the "Ten- 
nessee Organ" (temp.), tiie "Presbyterian Uecord" (relig.), 
the "Gazette," an edition of the daily, the "Tennessee 
Baptist" (relig.), the "True "Wliig," aTid the '• West Tennes- 
see Whig;" and the monthlies are the "Christian Maga- 
zine" (Camiibeliile) and the "Sunday School Companion." 

No town in the great valley of the West enjoys in a greater 
degree the blessings of health. Situate in about Si'P N. lat., 
it possesses a temperate climate, and from its local jjosition 
it is free from fevers which characterize many of the western 
cities, particularly such as are situated upon water courses. 
It is true that a small portion of Nashville, at tlie upper and 
lower ends, are in times of high fltiod inuruiate<l ; but these 
inundations continue but a few days, and sometimes at 
intervals of several years, and prorluce no injurious effect 
upon the salubrity of the town. Although the summer heats 
are occasionally oppressive, the winters are niild and mod- 
erate, with none of the severe cold of Ihe northern and 
eastern slates, nor the relaxing heals of the south. It is a 
climate, indeed, preferable in many respects to all others, 
and here and in Ihe vicinity it is seldom necessary to house 
cattle, even in the coldest winters. In summer thousands 
flock to the city to escape from the malarial influeuces of 
the lower regions of tlie country. 

About 13 or 1-1 m. to the N. K. of the city is the Hermit- 
age, the homestead of Ihe late Andrew Jacks(tn, President 
of the United States. In this secluded rural abode the last 
days of that great patriot were passed, and here, on the Sth 
June, 1 HAd, at the patriarchal age of 79, died tlie illustrious 
statesman and warrior. 

Nashville, p. v., Milam co., Tt.r. : on "W. side of Brazos 
river. 2 m. below the confluence of Little r., 7S m. N. E. by E. 
Austin City ; formerly called Viesca. It has one oi the most 
delightful situations in Texas, an abundance of excellent 
water, and is very healthy. 

Nasonville, p. o., Providence co., 7?. /. 

Nassau, p. v., Lee co., la. : on a bank of Des Miiincs r., 
ne.ir its mouth, SG m. S. by E. Iowa City. 

Na^sai', L and p. v., Rensselaer co., AC Y, : 12 m. S. E. 
Albany. Surfaccoft. hilly ; soil gravelly loam— well drained 
by Kuidcrhook cr. and its branches, and contains several 
mills, factories, and taimerics. Pop. of t. 3.2in. 

NAfsSAU river, Nassau co., lyor. : rises in "W. part of ca, 
flows E., widens into Nassau inlet, and empties into At- 
lantic Ocean. 

NATCtiAUG river, Windham county. Conn.: is the main 
branch of Shetucket r., rises in Woodstock and Union, and 
flows S. S. W. to its confluence in Mansfield with the 
Shetucket. 

Natchez, p. city, jxirt. and cap. Adams co., J/t-w. ,• on E. 
bank i>f Mississippi r., $7 m. S. W. by W. Jackson. Lat. N. 
3P 34'. long, W. 9P 24' 42". This is the principal city in 
Mississippi, its importance arising from its being the. depGt 
of cotton from the fine lands around ll and in the interior, 
and being also the main enfrepfii of the inlernrd comiTierce 
of the State. By the river it is 3i>9 m. from New-Orleans, 
but in a du-ect line 127 ra. N. W. by N. A part of the city 



is built at the landing on the margin of the river, but this 
chiefly consists of warehouses, stores, etc.. while the larger 
and more agreeable portion is on a bluff, 200 feet above the 
levcd of the river. This part, though uneven in surface, is 
regularly laid out with broad streets, crossing at r=ght angles. 
Many of Ihe houses, though built plainly of wood, present 
an elegant appfarance, having piazzas and balconies, sur- 
rounded with trees, beautiful shrubbery, etc. Its elevated 
site affords a fine view of the river and vicinity. It contains 
the court-house and jail, a hospital, orphan asylum, acade- 
mies, several churches, etc. Here are oil-mills, manufac- 
turi[ig oil Imm cotton-seed. Two newspapers, the " N. 
Courier" (whig), and"N. Free Trader" (dem.), are each 
published semi-weekly and weekly. Pop. .5.239. 

Natchez, p. v., Martin cu., In<I. .- So m. S. S. W. by S. 
Indianapolis, 

Natchitoches parish, Z/r. Siluale N. W., and contains 
2,2.j7 sq. m. Drained by lied r., which passes through its 
centre. Old r., a branch of lied r., and Black lake. Cedar 
au.l Sable creeks, with other streams. Surface level, and 
much diversified with lakes; soil varied— on the streams 
being fertile, and well a<lapled to grain, cotton, an<l Indian 
corn, but a large portion of Ihe land is sterile and covered 
with forest tind)er. Farms S42 ; manuf. 9 ; dwell. I,4:i2. and 
pop.— wh. 5,466, fr. col. SSI, si. 7,s54— total 14,20l. f.ip- 
itiil: Natchitoches. PulUc Works: New-Orleaus, Opci-m- 
sas, and Great Western II. li. 

NATcnnocHES, p. v., ami cap. Natchitoches, par., La.: 
on W. side of Eed r.. 143 m. N. W. Baton Kouge. hand- 
somely situated at the foot of a Iduff. It is a very old town, 
having been settled by the French in 1717. The i)ri'sent 
populalion is a mixture of American, French, and Spanish. 
It has considerable trade, and is a growing place. Contains 
a court-house and jail, an U. S. land oflice, several churches 
and academies. The "N. Chronicle" (dem.), is ])ubli&hoa 
weekly. 

Nathan's Creek, p. o., Ashe county, ^V. Car. : 163 m. 
W. N. W. lialeigh. 

Nathansville, p. v., Conecuh co., Ahi. : on the S. side 
of Conecuh r., at the confluence of Murder an<l Burnt Cora 
creeks, 99 in. S. S. W. by W. Montgomery. 

Natick, I., p. v., and sla., Middlesex co., Maftf^.: IG m. 
W. S. W. Boston. Drained by Charles river, ancl having 
within its limits several small lakes. The Boston and 
Worcester II. li. passes tbrough the v. 17^ m. from Boston. 
In 166^1, Ihe Kev. Mr. EHiolt liere founded an Indian mis- 
sionary setllemeni, which flourished under a suecc'^sion t'f 
native and English ministers for many years. Considerable 
manufacturing is now done in lliis t. Pop. 2.944. 

Natick, p. v., Kent co., L'. I. : on N. bank of Pawtnxcl r., 
10 m. S. W. Providence : has several factories. 

Nation Forp, p. o. an<l sta., York dist., S. Car. : S. side 
Catawba r., 03 m, N. Columbia, on Charlotte and S»ulh 
Carolina B. li. 

Natural Bridge, p. v., Jefferson co., N. T.: ISC m. 
N. W. Albany, on Indian river, which is here crossed by a 
natural }iri'}gf 6 feet above the water, and 15 feet wide. 

Natural Briduk, p. o., liockbridge co., Vinj.: near the 
Natural Bridge of limestone rock over Cedar creek, near iis 
junction with James river, 120 m. W. liir-hmond. 'I'his 
bridge is justly regarded as one of the greatest natural 
curiosities in the world. It is of stupendous sizo, as is evi- 
dent from the folhming statement: The height of its lop 
from the creek is 215 feel ; the chasm spaimed 90 feet wide 
at Ihe top, .and 50 feet at the bottom ; the averatre width of 
the arch is SO feet, its thickness is 55 feet. It is covered 
with a stratum of clayey earth, from 4 lo C, feet deep, and has 
on each si<Ie a natural jiarapet of rocks, trees, etc. The 
view from the top or from the creek is awfully grand. The 
bridge is most useful, thrre being no other crossing place 
po-^sible for several miles at)ove or bel<^w. 

Natural Canal, in C;ml<.n t. St. Lawrence co., .V. 3'.; 
is a creek which connects Oswcgatchic and Grape rivers, 

525 



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6 m. long, very straight, 10 to 20 rods wide, and navigable 
at high water for boats of 10 tons burden. 

Natceal Dam, p. o., Crawford co., Arl: ; on Lees creek, 
UT ra. W. N. W. Little Rock. 

Uatceal Grove, p. o., Williamsburg dist, S. Car. : 7S m. 
E. S. E. Columbia. 

Naugatixk river, Conn. : the creeks forming this import- 
ant mill stream rise in N. part of Litohfiold co., and unite 
in Torrington, whence it flows S. 35 m. affording water- 
power to numerous factories on its banks, and empties at 
Derby into Ilousatonic river. 

Naugatuck, t., p. v., and sta., New Tlaven co., Conn. : 
on Naugatuck r., 25 ra. S. W. Hartford, 15 m. N. N. W. 
New Haven. Surface of town uneven ; soil good on the 
river. The v. is principally located on its W. bank, and 
contains numerous factories. The Naugatuck E. R. passes 
through the v. 27 m. from Bridgeport Pop. 1,720. 

Napneesha river, Wise. : a small affluent of W. branch 
of Rock r., flowing from Dane co. into Dodge co. 

Nacvoo, t and p. v., JIancock co., III. : on E. bank of 
Mississippi r., 103 m. N. "W. by W. Springfield. Surface of t 
is elevated, and commands a fine view of the r. and vicinity. 
This t is famous as having been for several years (from 1S40 
to June, 1S44) the settlement of the " Latter Day Saints," or 
*' Mormons," who here erected some fine buildings. This 
property is now occupied by a colony of French Com- 
munists or Icariana, under the direction of Mons. CabeL 
The large temple was burned in Oct., ISiS, set on fire by an 
incendiary. 

Nauvoo, p. 0., Tioga co., Penn.: 110 m. 2^. by W. 
Harrisburg. 

Navarin-o, p. O.J Onondaga co., N'. T. : 134 m. W. by N. 
Albany. 

Navahee, p. v., Dcs Moines co., 7a; 53 m. E. 8. E. 
Iowa City, N. of Flint creek, and drained by a branch of it. 

Navarre, p. v., Stark county, Ohio: 92 miles E. N. E. 
Columbus, on the Ohio and Erie Canal, and E. side of 
Chippewa river. 



Navabeo county, Tkr. Situate toward the N., and contains 
about 8,S00 sq. m. Drained by branches of Trinity, which 
forms its S. E. boundary, and by affluents of the Rio Brazos, 
which flows on its Vf. border. Surface undulating; soil a 
fine, deep, vegetable mold, with sand and clay intermixed, 
and very fertile, especially on the streams, where it pro<iace8 
in abundance cotton and corn. It is also favorable to the 
growth of fruit, oranges, lemons, citrons, peaches, etc., yield- 
ing well. It has some excellent timber land, and much fine 
pasture for cattle. Fine beds of iron ore arc found, and 
limestone and freestone arc extensive formations. Farms 
304 ; manuf. 13 ; dwell. 576, and pop.— wh. 3,-I44, fr. col. 11, 
si. SS;*— total 3,S43. Capital: Corsicana. 

Navaeko, p. c, Leon co., Tex. : 129 m. N. E. by E. Austin 
City. 

Natasota river, 7kr. .• its source is in Limestone county, 
draining also Leon. Robertson, Grimes, and Brazos counties, 
emptying into the Brazos r. opposite the v. of Washington. 
Its current is not rapid, and is navigable for keel boats for 
30 to 40 m. from its mouth. This is a clear and beautiful 
stream of wholesome water. 

Navidad river, Tex. : rises in Fayette co., draining its S. 
part, flows S. and S. "W. through Lavaca and Jackson 
counties, and empties into Lavaca r. 10 m. ft"om Lavaca 
bay. It is navigable as far as Texana for steamboats. Ita 
waters are clear, pure, and wholesome. 

N AVLOK's Store, p. o., St. Charles co., Mo. : 79 m. E. by N. 
Jeffei-son City. 

Nazareth, p. 0., Northampton co., Pemi. : 87 m. E. N. R 
Harrisburg. 

Neasuoe, p. T., and cap. Newton co.. Mo. : 8. side of 
Neh-hah r., 165 m. S. "W. Jefl"erson City. 

Neatsvillb, p. v., Adair comity, Ky. : CC m. 8. by W. 
FrankforL 

Nebo, p. 0., Hopkins county, ^y.: 156 m. "W. 8. "W. 
Frankfort. 

Nebo, p. c, Jeflbrson county, Ohio: 120 m. E. by N. 
Columbus. 



THE TEREITORY OF NEBRASKA. 

Nebraska is an unorganized Territory of the United States, occupying all the country below the parallel of 42^ north 
latitude to the north boundaries of the Indian Territory, the State of Texas, and the Territoryof New Mexico, and extend- 
ing east and west between the Rocky Mountains, bordering Oregon and Utah Territories, and the western line of tho 
States of Iowa and Missouri. The area of this immense region is estimated at 136,700 square miles. 

Across this Territory flow several of the great rivers of the Continent— the Nebraska, or Platte, from which the Territory 
takes its name, tlie Kansas and its wide-spreading tributaries, the Arkansas, etc The Missouri River forms a great part 
of its eastern boundary, and is the common recipient of the rivers above named, except the Arkansas. The Nebraska 
rises by two forks in the Rocky Mountains, and these uniting in latitude 41° 05' 05" N., and longitude 101° 21' 24" W.,flow 
in a united stream to a confluence vrilh the Missouri, in latitude 41° 03' 13" N., or about 620 miles above the entranco 
of the latter into tlie Mississippi, and 52 miles below Council Blufls. It has few tributaries, and none of any great size; 
the principal are Elkhorn River, Loup Fork, and Wood River on the north, and Saline River on the south. It is from 
one to three miles broad, and so shallow, that, excepting in high flood, it is fordablo in almost any part. It is fall of 
islands covered with cotton wood, willows, and shrubs, and the shirting sands in its bed, together with the rapidity of its 
current, effectually prevent navigation. Colonel Long estimates that only 40 miles of its lower course are open to steam- 
boat navigation. The north fork of the river rises in the same region as the Colorado of the "West, about 40"^ 30' N., and 
having received Sweet-water River and other alflucnts in its course northward, breaks through the main range of tho 
Rocky Mountains, and flows thence in a direction E. S. E., and the South Fork rises near the sources of the Arkansas, 
and flows E. N. E. to the junction. The great emigrant* route to Oregon, Utah, and California, follows this river and its 
North Fork— the Fremont route of 1^3 takes the South Fork. The Kansas River meets the Missouri in 39^ 06' 03" north 
latitude, and 94^ 82' 54" west longitude, nearly equidistant between Fort Leavenworth and Independence. It is naviga- 
ble for steamboats for 150 miles from its mouth, and its width at its entrance into the Missouri is :540 yards. The sources 
of this river are near the eastern base of tlie Rocky Mountains, between the Nebraska and Arkansas, and the distance 
between its two forks— the Republican and Smoky Hill forks— is at least 120 miles through the greater part of their 
course. Republican Fork rises in a considerable lake in latitude 89° 52', and longitude 103° 80', and Smoky Hill Fork 
rises in the mountain region eastward of the South Park ; the junction is made near tlie meridian of 96° 30'. These, as well 
as the main stream, receive numcroiis large tributaries, which drain at least one half tlie Territory. The Arkansas rises to 
the south of South Park and Pikers Peak, near the sources of the Rio Grande del Norte, and has a general east course, 
forming in part the north boundary of the Indian Territory, and then taking a course to the south-east, it passes through 



* Fora mmute description of this route, tlie render is referred to *' Horn's Overland Guide to California," publisbed by J. U. Colton, No. 88 
Cedar-atreet, New Torit, 1852. Refer, also, to Fremont's Reports 

526 



NBB 



NEL 



that country to the Mississippi, wbicli it strilccs on the parallel of 33° 40'. an^ is navigable for steamboats C03 m.les from 
its confluence. This river was formerly the boundary between the Mexican Republic ami the Unned fetates, westward 
of the 100th meridian ; but by the recent chanses in the political divisions of the country, the whole length from that point 
h.-is been thrown into the present Territory of Nebraska. 

The whole of this country is yet in its primilivo wilderness sUito. Little or nothing is known of its topography, and the 
delineations on maps are but the isolated reminiscences of tr.avclers an.l traders. The red man still roams over its prairies 
and mountains in quest nf game and plunder ; and as the ocean to the sea-farcr, so its wilderness to the emigrant, it is 
only traversed .is the highway to countries beyond its limit.s. The great features of the Territory, however, are known ; 
in the east it is chiefly prairie, and in the west are the outliers of the Uocky Mountains, which rise up in grandeur and 
majesty forming the water-shed between the mighty rivers that drain the western portion of the Central Valley and the 
Pacific" slope of the Continent. Tlic central portions are unprofitable, irreclaimable wilderness, with scarcely an oasis to 
relieve the monotony of its dreariness; it is the great American Desert, in crossing which the wny-farer has more to dread 
than the mariner that dares the deep, not only on account of the inhospitable character of the country, but also from the 
ho^tililies of the n.alive savages besetting his path and seeking his deslruction. Thousands have perished under the riflo 
and tomahawk, and at every step the grave of some unfortunate gives warning of dangers to be avoided, or tells of tho 
Buffcrin.^ endured by the hardy men whose tracks are the tide-marks of empire flowing to its western destination. 

Nebraska, with the e.vception of a small strip on its southern border, south of the Arkansas, was a portion of the 
Louisiana purchase, and came into the possession of the United Slates in 1S03. It has never received as yet any white 
settlers, except those engaged in the service of the United States as Indian agents and military occupants, or missionaries 
of the several Christian denominations. Fort Leavenworth and Council Blufl-s are within this Territory-lho flrst a 
military station, established for the surveiUaneo of the Indians, and the latter an Indian agency. But it is now proposed 
to organize the Territory, and prepare it for the emigrant For this purpose, a bill was introduced into Congress as early 
as 1^5, but was not acted upon ; and another bill was brought forward in 1S53, with the like result. The day however, 
is not far dislant when the white selUements will break through llieir present limits, the Indian be driven ^f ". ""J ^a 
portions of the country in the immediate VaUcy of the Miss.iuri be opened to the enterprising pioneer. 1,1, hither wd" 
the Indian retreat, and what his destiny before the tide of civUization 1 The past and present wdl answer for the future. 



NnBF.ASKA, p. 0., Crawford county, Ind. : on the Ohio r., 
115 m. S. by W. Indianapolis. 

NEBRiSKi river: a large tributary of the Missouri. (&« 
the " Territorv of NEnKASKA.") 

Necue's Salixe, p. o.. Smith co., Tex. : on the W. side of 
Heche's r., 190 m. N. E. Austin City. Salt is here manufac- 
tured in large quantities. 

Neche's river, Tex. : its source is in Vansandt Co., and 
drains Smith, Henderson, Anderson, Cherokee, Houston, 
Angelina, Trinity, Tyler, Jasper, and Jefferson counties, 
emptying into Sabine lake 20S m. from its source in a direct 
line, and 265 m. in its meanderings. It is navigable by flat 
boats 100 m., and by steamboats nearly as far from its mouth. 
Necot, p. v., Linn co., Iti. : 2S m. N. Iowa City. 
Needilasi, t. and p. v., Norf:,lk co.. Muss. : 8 m. 9. TV. 
Boston. Drained by Ch.irlcs r., on the N. E. and S. afl'ord- 
ing 2 waterfalls, which are improved for manufacturing. 
At" each fall there is a thriving v. The L is diversified by 
hills and plains, -well watered, with good soil, and the en- 
circling river gives beauty to the scenery. There is a dcp6t 
of the Boston and Worcesler E. V.. at W. Needham, 15 m. 
from Boston. Top. of 1. 1.944. 

Keel's Cheee, p. o., Jefferson CO., Ind. : SO m. S. E. by S. 
Indianapolis. 

Neelvsville, p. 0., Morgan CO., Ohio : 63 m. E. 8. E. 
Columbus. 

Neenah, t. and p. v., 'Winnebago CO., Wise. : at outlet of 
■Winnebago lake, 96 m. N. N.E. Madison ; is a fine growing 
town. Pop. of 1. 1.620. 

Neexah river, H'mc. ; this important navigable river is 
formed near Fort Winnebago, Columljia County, by the 
junction of its head branches, which rise in the N. E. part 
of the county. At tliis point it is distant only li m. from 
■Wisconsin r. The n.itural advanlagcs thus presented to 
form a continuous route of steamboat navigation from the 
lakes through the ■Wisconsin river with the Mississippi, have 
been improved by the Porlage Canal Company, who are 
here constructing a canal between tho rivers. From Fort 
■Winnebago the Neenah flows N. ; in Marquette county it 
widens into Bufi'alo lake, whence, flowing with smaller 
streams in a S. E. direction for five miles, it again expands 
into Puckawalake ; thence its course is N. E. into the centre 
of ■Winnebago county, where it again expands into a lake 
called Great Butte des Moris (meaning Great Hill of the 
Jfoid, from the Indian mounds supposed to contain dead 
bodies), and thence flows 8. E. into Lake ■Winnebago at 



Oshkosh, of which it is the outlet, into Green Bay by a X E. 
course. In ils descent it falls about IGO feet, chiefly by a 
succession of rapids, of which the most important are at tho 
Grand Chute, a descent of 29 feet in S,625 : at the Little 
Chute, 31 feet in 9,200; at the Grand KakaUn, 44 feet in 
S,COO. The estimated cost of rendering these rapids navi- 
gable is $500,000. The splendid water-powers which these 
rajjids afford are being improved by Eastern capitalists. 

Neepeeskonk lake, U7.sc!. ; lies 12 m. Vf. ■Winnebago lake, 
in 'Winnebago and Fond du Lac counties, and has a N. 
outlet into Neenah river. 

Nbebstille, p. v., Loudon co., Tirg. : 105 m. N. N. ^W. 
Richmond. 

Neffsvii.i.e, p. v., Lancaster co., Penn. : 32 m. E. 9. E. 
Ilarrisburg, 4 m. N. Lancaster. 

Negp.o Foot, p. o., Ilanover co., Virg. : 13 m. ^W. N. W. 
Richmond. 

NEnA.inco, p. o., Russell Co., Ala. : 66 m. E. Montgomery. 

Neill's Creek, p. o., Cumbcriand co., K Car. : on a cr. 
so called of Cape Fe.ir r., 24 m. 9. Raleigh. 

Nekama, p. v., ■Winnebago CO., Wise. : on 'W. side of 
'Winnebago lake, 75 m. N. N. E. Madison. Pop. of t. 910. 

Nelsos county, Ki/. Situate centrally, and contains 367 
sq. m. Drained by Rolling and Beech forks of Salt r., and 
their affluents. Surface level; soil fertile, .and adapted to 
the culture of grain. On the streams the land is ricli, and 
produces in abundance wheat, Indian corn, and other grain, 
which form the staples. The sugar-cane is cultivated. Farms 
S44; mannf. 52; dwell. 1,613, and pop.— wh. 9,550, fr. col. 
109, si. 5,130— total 14,739. Oipital : Bardstown. 

Nelson county, Virg. Situate centrally, and contains 433 
sq. m. Drained by Rock, Eock-fish, and Tye rivers. Sur- 
face uneven and hilly ; in parts mountainous ; soil in gen- 
eral fertile, and produces abundantly wheat, Indian corn, 
and tobacco. In the N. "W. portion lies the Blue Ei.lge. 
Farms 633; manuf. 70; dwell. 1.2 IT, and pop.— wh. 6,473, 
fr. col. 133, si. 6,142— total 12,763. Capital: Covington. 
PiiUic Work^: James River and Kanawha Canal; audit 
is proposed to extend the Orange and Alexandria E. K. 
through the county to Lynchburg. 

Nelson, t. and p. o., Cheshire co., if. mmp- .' 83 m. 9. W. 
Concord. Surface elevated and hilly ; contains four ponds, 
outlets from which are branches of Ashuelot and Contoocook 
rivers, and afford water-power to several mills. Popula- 
tion 751. 
Nei£os, t and p. o., Madbon co., A'. T. : 102 m.^W. by N. 

527 



NEL 



NEW 



Albany. Surfnce urululating ; soil, clay and calcareous 
loam, ami well liralncd. Pop. l^OUS. 

Nkijson. U niul p. o., Poriji^'c luiinty, Ohio: 110 m. N. E. 
Columbus, iu N. K. corner of county. Drained by branchca 
01" Maliuniny river. Soil ItTtlle, adapled to grain and grass. 
Top. l,:i?3. 

Nklsoni'Ort, p. 0., Potter co., Penn.: 115 ra, N. N. W. 
llurrisburg. 

NKi^0N*rt, p. o., Tioga county, Penn.: on N. side of 
Cowaneisque er., IIS ni. X. by W. llarrisburg. 

Tsklson's LASuiNo.p. o,, t'hippi'Wjico., WiNc. : on K.bank 
of Mi^sissipiii r., at jimeliou of Chippewa r., IGT ni. N. W. 
Madison. 

Nklsonvii.lk, p. v., Athens county, Ohio: on N. bank 
Iloeking river. 53 ra. S. E. Columbus. The Hocking Canal 
passes through It. 

Nknklau river, Mich.: rises in Aleona counly, and flows 
N. E. through Alpena county inlo Tluuirler liay river. 

Nbosiio, p. v., Dodge county, Wise: 47 m. E. N. E. 
■ Matiison. 

Nki'ehau, p. 0., ■\Vc8tdicslor county, W. Y. : 103 m. S. 
Albany. 

Nki'kuskun, p. 0., "Winnebago co,, Wise. : S4 m. E. N. E. 
Ma>lis<in. 

Nkpiii City, p. v., Juab co., Utah Ter. : 45 m. N. N. E. 
Fillmore Cily. 

Nki'unskt river. Mass. : draining Norfolk co., it empties 
into Doreh.-ster bay. It is navigable for.1 ni. to Milton for 
vessels of 150 tons. 

Nkponsict Viu.agk, p. V. and sta.. Norfolk co., Mast. : on 
tlie S. side of Neponsct r., !i m. S. Boston. There arc sev- 
eral manufactories at the falls of ihe river. The Old Colony 
R. 11. passes through, 5^ m. from Boston. 

Nki'titne. p. v., Mereer co., Ohio : 90 m. N. AV. by "W. 
Columbus, on a cr. of St. Mary's river. 

Ni:iu>, p. o., Uendersou county, Term,: 9G m. E. S. E. 
Nashville. 

Nksaquake river, Suffolk co., JV. Y. : rises in Smithtowm, 
runs N., dividing the I. into Long Island Sound, is navigable 
& niiles 

Nkscopeck, t. and p. v., Luzerne co., Ptmn. : on the S.W. 
side of the Susquehanna r., 01 m. N. N. K. llarrisbiirg. The 
surface is uneven, with goud bollotn-lands <>n the streams. 
Tlie t. is drained l)y Ilig autl Little WapwoiJnprn and Ncs- 
copeck creeks. The v. is at the entrance of Nescopeck cr. 
into the Susquehanna, which is here crossed by an expensive 
roof.-d briilge, 1,256 feet long. 

Ni:8coi'F.cK mounlain, Lvizerne co., T'^jjh.: this mountain 
is parallel to Wjouiing Mountain, 20 ra. long, SOU feet high, 
aii'l >>n N. siiie of Nescopeck er. 

Nk-uaminc. river. Po;i?). .■ rises in llilUown, Bucks co.. and 
nfler a witiding course of 35 m., chiefly S. 1'., cuiptics into 
Delaware r., a m. below Bristol. 

Nk«ikoro, p. 0., Marquette co.. Wise. : 53 m. N. by E. 
Madison. 

Ni:snoBA county, Misft. Situate E. centrally, and con- 
tains ''IS sq. m. Drained by Pearl r. and its branches, ami 
other stn:dl streams. Surface level; soil, black calcareous 
raoUI, fertile, auil adapted to cotton, which is the staple. 
Giiod crops of grain are raised, ami tobacco is produced in 
Bome quantity. Farms 4'iC ; maiiuf. 0; dwell. 545, and 
pop,— wh. 3,893, fr. col. 0, si. 1,.335— total 4.T2S. Capital: 
I'hihuUlphin. 

NtsQiTALLV, p. o., Lewis CO., Oreg. Ter. : on E. side of 
Pugei Sovmd. 146 ra. N. by E. Salem. This settlement is 
mainly o^'cupied by tho " Puirel's Sound Agricidlural Com- 
pany,*' whieli supplies provisions to the Ilutlsou Bay Compa- 
ny's employees W.of tho ini'Uutains, arul has here very ex- 
tensive and highly cultivated farms; as also on tho Cowlitz r. 

Nr^quai.i.v river. Oi-eg, Ter. : a con-iiderable stream, 
emptying into a S. estuary of Puget's Sound, flowing in duo 
W. eovn-ai^ (Vom its source in tlie mountains. 

Nksqi^kmonisg, p. o.. Carbon co., Penn. : on the S. side 
S2S 



of Broad Mountain, C6 m. N. E. Ilarrisburg. Near by arc 
extensive coal-mines. 

NiaroiiviLLE, p. o., Barbour co., Virg.: 1~4 m. N "W. 
Kichmond. 

Nktukrland, p. o., Overton co., Tenn. : &4 m. E. by N 
Nashville. 

NfrruEU PitoviDENrE, t. and p. v., Delaware co., Penn, : 
S8 m. E. by S. Ilarrisburg. Drained by llidley cr. on tho 
W., ani! Cram er. on its E. boundary, br»th emptying Into 
the Delaware river. The surface is level; soil rich and 
productive clay, and well tilled. It contains several mills 
antl slt»res. 

Nkitlk Caiiieu, p. o., Overton CO., Tenri. : SO m. E. by N. 
Nashville. 

Nkitlf. Lake, p. o., Williams co., Ohio: 140 ni. N. W. 
Columbus. 

Neusk river, JV". Oar.: rises in Person and Orange 
counties, flows in a course mainly E. by S., about 200 m., 
and empties by a broad estuary into I'andico Sound. 

Nkvada county, Calif. Situate on E. line of State, in lat. 
39° 2o', and chiefly occupied by the Sierra Nevada. Drained 
by numerous allhienls of Yuba river, which rims on its N. 
bonliT, ami by Bear creek and N. fork of American river. 
Surface mountainous, with extensive valleys. Gold is tho 
chief product; but there are many localities suitable for 
farms. Pop. 21.805, of which 3,2GG are Indians, and 4,609 
foreigners. CyipHnl : Nevada City. 

Nevada, p. o., Greeno county, Wise: 82 m. S. by "W. 
Madison. 

Nevada City, p. v., and cap. Nevada co., Calif.: 117 ra. 
N. E. Y allejo. Situate between Deer cr. and Barlow's creek 
of Yulia r. 

Neversixk, t. anil p. o., Sullivan co., K.Y.: 65 ra. S. S. "W. 
Albany. Surfaec hilly and moimtainous; soil adapted to 
grazing. Drained by Neversink r., Koundout and Beaver 
creeks. Pop. 2,2Sl. 

Nf.veusink river, K. Y.: rises In N. W. part of Ulster 
CO., runs S. through E, i)ortion of Sullivan co.,and empties 
inlo Delaware r., at Port Jervis. Upon its banks are 
numerous tanneries and suw-raills. 

Nkvii.i-e, p. v., Clermont co., Ohio: on Ohio r., 93 m. 
S. AV. by S. Columbus. 

Nkvin, p. 0., Highland county, Ohio: 60 m. 'S. S. W 
Columbus. 

Ni:visiNK Highlands, Monmouth co., Al Jer.: on the 
Athmtic coast, in t. of Middletown, 300 to 400 feel high, 
covered with trees, are a well-known land-mark for sailors. 

Nevisin'K river. Monmouth co.,A'i Jer.: flowing between 
towns of Miildletfjwn and Shrewsbury, in N. E. direction, 
with wide estuary into Sandy Hook bay. 

Nkwagoex cape, JA'. : an island, extending belnw t. of 
Boothboy inlo the sea, forming E. boundary of Sheepscot 
bay, 40 m. S. by E. Augusta. 

Newago county, Mich. Situate "SV. on the S. peninsula, 
and c'mlainsS64sq. m. Drained by Muskegon, White, and 
Nnlipicago rivers. Surface level; s<(i! generally deep and 
ferlile. Farms ; inanuf. 12 ; dwell. 92, and i)op.— wh. 509, 
tc. col. 1— total 510. Capital : Newago. 

Newago, I. and p. o., Newago co., J/tcA. .■ 7G ra. N. "W. 
Lansing. Drained by Maskegon r. and its branches. 

New Au(Anv, p. v., Mahoning county, Ohio: on Liltlo 
Beaver cr., 123 m. N. E. by E. Columbus. 

New ALnANY, p. city, and cap. Floyd co., Ind.: on Ohio 
r.. 100 m. S. by E. Indianapolis, 4 ni. N. "W. Louisville. 
This city, which is now the largest in the State, was laid 
out in 1813. It is !)eautifully nituated, has wide streets, 
parallel to Ihe r.. which are crossed at right amrles by others. 
The largest business islh-itof building and ri[iairing steam- 
boats and other vessels, which employ several hundred 
men. There are large iron foundries, machine shops, and 
factories. TIio New Albany and Salem R. K. is now com- 
pleted to Juliet, 05 miles, and will be otntinued to Chicago. 
A brisk trade is carried on with tho interior and the valleys 



NEW 



NEW 



of (he Ohio aud Mississippi. The Stalo Ennic uf Iiuliana 
Itris hero a branch. There are 9 cliurclies and a lycfuin. 
Tlie academies and schools are well conducted, and much 
allcntroa is generally given to education. Two newspapers 
ore published, each daily and weekly— tlic '• Ledger'' (dcm.) 
nn.I " Bulletin" (whig). Pop. 0,TSr>. 

Xkw Albanv, p. v., Pontoluc co., 3ftss. : on Tallahatchee 
r., lo7 m. N. N. E. Jaclvson. 

Nkw Albany, Linn co., Ot'eg. Tnr. S''e Albany, Oreg. 

New Albany, p. v.. Bradford co., Venn. : 92 m. N. byE. 
Harrisburg. 

New Albion, t and p. o., Catlaraugas co., K, Y. : 240 m. 
W. by S. Albany. The Erie E. K. passes through the town. 
Top. 1,63S. 

New Alexander, p. o., Columbiana co., Ohio: 125 m. 
N. E. by E. Columbus. 

New Alexandria, p. v., Jefferson couutj', Ohio: 121 m. 
E. by N. Columbus. 

New Alexandkia, p. v., "Westmoreland co., Pcnn.: on 
the K. side of Loyalhanna r., 130 in. "W". Ilarrisburg. 

New Alsace, p. o., Dearborn county, lad. : SO in. S. E. 
Indianaj)oIis. 

New AisTEAD, p. o., Cheshire co., iV". Uamp. : on S. side 
of Cold r.. 33 ni. W. S. W. Concord. 

New Amsterdam, p. v., Harrison co., Ind. : on Ohio r., 
near mouth of Indian cr., ll;i in. S. Indiannpniis. 

New Antioch, p. v., Clinton county, Ohio: 54 m. S. W. 
Columbus. 

Newark, p. v.. New Castle co., Def. : on the N. side of 
Christiana cr., 37 m. N. N. "\V. Dover. The Philadelphia 
and Baltimore R. K. passes through the v., 40 m. from Phil- 
adelphia, and 5'$ m. from Baltimore. Is a pleasant village, 
and the seat of Delaware College, founded 1SJ3. In V6b^ 
it had o professors, 7S ahuuni, 30 sludrnls. 

Newark, p. v., Linn county, la. : N. side Cedar r., 20 ra. 
N. by W. Iowa City. 

Newark, p. v., Kendall co., ///. ; on the S. E. side of 
Fox r., 136 m. N. N. E. Springfleld. 

Newark, p. o., Warrick co., Jnd. : near Big Pigeon cr., 
on line of Wabash and Erie Canal, 130 miles iS. S. "W. 
Indianapolis. 

Newark, p. v., Worcester county, Md.: on a creek of 
Sinepuxent bay, SS m. S. E. Annapolis. 

Newark, t. and p. v., liock county, Wi^c. : 41 m. S. by E. 
Madison. Pop. 795. 

Newark, p. v., Knox county, Mo. : on N. side of South 
Fabius r., 100 m. N. Jeflferson City. 

Newark, t., p. city, port of entry, and cap. Essex co.^K. J. : 
on W. bank of Passaic r., 3 m. above its entrance into N«t\'- 
arkBay,47m.N. E.Trenton,9m W.New York. Lat.4u0 45' 
N., long. 74° 10' W. This is the most populous and flour- 
ishing place in the Stale. It is pleasantly located on a f<T- 
tile plain, somewhat elevated above the river. In its W. 
part the ground rises, affording fine sites for residences. It 
is regularly laid ont with very broad and straight streets, 
many of which are bordered witli very large and lofty elms, 
presenting a most beautiful appearance. Two spacious 
public parks are also well shaded by fine trees. It is light- 
ed with gas, and supplied hv a cnni]>any with pure water 
from a spring 2 m. distant, conveyed through iron pipes. 
The court-house, which occupies a commanding position in 
the W. part of the city, is a large and elegant building of 
brown freestone, in the Egyptian style of architecture. The 
railroad dop6t is also a splendid structure of freestone. 
There are 3o churches, of which several are very fine speci- 
mens of architecture ; and 3 literary associations — 1 has a U- 
brary of 8,000 volumes. The N. AVesIeyan Institute is the 
principal seminary. Newark is very extensively engaged 
in manufactures. The principal articles made are the va- 
rious fabrics of leather anil India rubber, carriages, wagons, 
railroad cars, machinery, jewelry, paper hangings, cutlery, 
soap, candles, etc. The extensive paint factory of the N. J. 
Zinc Company daily manufactures leu tons of paint. The 

T3 



commerce of N. is considerable and steadily increasing. The 
river is navigable to this place for vessels of light draft. A 
fine passenger steamboal plies twice daUy to New York. 
On June 30th, IS50, the total tonnage of N. district was 
6,629 tons, of which 7S tons were registered, and G.551 tons 
enrolled and licensed; 1,227 tons were employed in steam 
navigation; 6,406 tons were in the coasting trade. During 
the year ending June 30th, 1S50, there were 11 clearances 
fur foreign countries, having 1,131 tons, 62 men; number of 
entrances from foreign countries (all foreign vessels), was 
17, having 1,601 tons, 95 men. There are 4 banks with 
$1,S00,0U0 capital. Tfiree newspapers are published daily, 
" Advertiser" (whig), '* Mercury" (whig), ''Eagle" (dem.); 
two weekly, " Sentinel of Freedom" (whig), '* Eagle" (dein.) 
Tlie New Jersey K. li. affords constant communication with 
New York, the trains running each way every lialf hour. 
Yerj' many persons doing business in New York have here 
their permanent residences. The Morris Canal passes 
through the city. The Morris and Essex R. K. here termi- 
nates, connecting with New Jersey It. R. Pup. in 1S30, 
10,953; in 1840,17,290; in 1850, 3S,S94. 

Newark, p. v., Wayne co., iV. Y.: on tlie Erie Canal, 
176 m. W. by N. Albany. Contains several churches, 
stores, and factories. 

Newark, I., p. v., and cap. Licking co., Ohio: situate at 
tlie continence of tliree principal branches of Licking r., 
33 m. E. by N. Columbus, with which il is connected by the 
Central Ohio R. R. It is also connected with Sandusky by 
railroad, and is a station of tlie Ohio and Erie Canal. Be- 
sides a court-house and jail, it contains several churches 
and academies. Three newspapers are published weolvly, 
"Advocate" (dem.), '"Gazette" (whig). "Licking Herald" 
(deni.)— the latter publish semi-weekly editions. Pop of v. 
3,778, of t, 5,006. 

Newark, p. o.. White county, Tenn,: 75 m. E. S. E. 
Nashville. 

Newark, t. and p. o., Caledonia co,, Verm. : 45 m. N. E. 
Montpelier. Drained by head waters of Passumpsic river. 
Pop. 4;M. 

Newark, p. v., Wirt co.,F/r(7. * 232 ra. N. W. Riclunond. 

Newark Valley, p. v., Tioga county, K. Y. : 132 m. 
W^. S. W. Albany, on E. Owego or., in I. of Newark. Pop, 
of t. 1,983. 

New Asuford, t. and p. o., Berkshire co., J/f^.v. ; 112 ra. 
W. by N. Boston. Drained by head branches of Green and 
Housatonic rivers. Surface mountainous; soil .adapted to 
grazing. Considerable attention is given to raising of sheep, 
A variegated marble is quarried in this t. Pop. of t. 1S6. 

'New Atuens, p. v., Harrison co., Ohio: 104 m. E. by N. 
Columbus. Pop. 331. Seat of Franklin College, founded 
1825. In 1S50 il had 4 professors, 90 alumni, 80 students, 
2,200 vols, in library. 

New Athens, p. v., Clarion co., Peiiii. : 145 m. W. N.W 
Harrisburg. 

New BABn-ON, p. o.. Paulding county, Gu.: 124 miles 
N. "W. by W. Milledgeville. 

New Baltimore, t. and p. v., Greene co., N. Y. : W. 
side Hudson r., 15 m. S. Albany. Surface of t. hilly ; soil 
elay and sandy loam, well drained. The v. has a conve- 
nient steamboat landing, and contains some brick-yiirds. 
A ship canal from this i)Iace to Albany has been chartered 
by the legislature of 1853. Pop. of t. 2,381. 

New Baltimore, p. v.. Stark co., Ohio: 111 m. N. E. 
Columbus. Drained by a creek of Cuyahoga river. 

New Baltimore, p. v. Fauquier county, Vifg.: S7 m. 
N. by W. Richmond. 

New Bavaria, p. o., Henry county, Ohio: lOS miles 
N. W. by N. Columbus. 

New Bedford, p. city, port of cntrj', and semi-cap. 
Bristol CO., Mam. : on W. bank of Acushnet r., 4 m. from its 
entrance into Buzzard's bay. 51 m. S. by E. Boston. Lut. 
N. 4lo 38' 7" ; long. W. 70° 55' 49". The liarbor is spacious, 
safe, and deep. The site of the city rises rapidly from the 

529 



NEW 



NEW 



river, and being thus built upon a bold elevation, regularly 
laid out, and having many fine buildings, it prcscula a very 
comnianditig and bcaulifal apiicaranoe. The principal 
public buildings are the town hall, custom-house, court- 
house, and some handsome churches. The town hall, built 
of gr.anite, 100 feet long, CI feet wide, 3 stories high, at a 
cost of ):CO,000, is justly regarded OS one of the handsomest 
town halls in New England. The custom-house, also of 
granite, presents a very fine appearance. Much attention 
is given to general education in the public sciioots. The 
Friends' academy for young ladies is a handsome structure, 
with beautiful grounds. The Social Lil)rary contains over 
4,000 volumes. Two newspapers are published daily; 
" Mercury" (whig) and " Evening Standard ;" 3 weekly : 
" Mercury," " Standard," and " 'Whaleraan's Sliipping List ;" 
1 monthly: "Golden Age" (lit.). The New Bedford and 
Taunton P.. U. runs hence, 81 m. to Mansfield sta., on Bos- 
ton and I'rovidenco E. R. A .steamboat plies daily to 
Nanlucket. There are 4 banks (capital ^1,900,000.) This 
is one of tlie wealthiest cities in America in proportion to its 
population, and has derived its wealth mainly fi-om the 
whale fishery. At present two-thirds of the total tonnage 
of IT. S. vessels in the whale fishery belong to this port. 
The principal business in tlie city is connected with the 
whale fisheries, in receiving the oil and bone, and preparing 
them for market The quantity of sperm oil brought to tho 
port in 1S49, was 46,.333 barrels, whale oil Ti.fltil barrels, ami 
whalebone 197,300 lbs. About 30 manufactories of oil and 
candles are in constant operation. The cooperage business 
employs a great number of hands. A very large steam 
cordage factory (capital $(iO,00()), manufaclures 400 tons of 
cordage annually. Other large manufactories are devoted 
to making u-on hoops, copper and iron riveLs, butt hinges, 
etc. Here also is a manufactory of Prussian-blue, and some 
print-works. Ship-building and rep.amng is carried on ex- 
tensively. The N. B. Railway and "Wharf Co. (cap. $50,000) 
use a marine railwity at their ship-yard, which is of mueli 
service in speedily raising small vessels to be repaired. On 
80th June, 1S50, the total tonnage of New Bedford district 
■was 127,960 tons, of which 119,026 were registered, and 
8,934 enrolled and licensed. Of tlie registered tonnage, 
11G,8S2 tons were permanent, 2,144 temporary ; 90,420 tons 
were in the whale fishery. Of the enrolled and licensed 
tonnage, S,444 tons were permanent, 7,949 tons were in the 
coasting trade, 151 in the cod fishery, 344 in the mackerel 
fishery, 5S tons propelled by steam. The tonnage licensed 
(under 20 tons) in the coasting trade was 253 tons ; in the cod 
fishery, 232 tons. During tho year ending June 30lh, 1S50, 
the number of clearances for foreign countries was IIS— 
82,02T tons ; entrances from do. 134—33,164 tons. Vessels 
built, 2 ships and 2 schooners— 781 tons. Pop. in 1830, 
7,592 ; in 1840, 12,087 ; in 1850, 10,464. 

New Bedfoed, p. v., Coshocton county, Ohio: 70 m. 
N. E. by E. Columbus. 

New Bedfobd, p. v., Lawrence county, Penn. : near the 
Ohio State line, 190 m. W. N. W. llarri»burg. 

New Bep.i.is, t. and p. v., Chenango eo., AT T. .' on W. 
side of Unadilla r., 84 m. W. by S. Albany. Surface of t. 
undulating; soil moist clay loam. Tlie v. contains several 
cluirclies, mills, and foctorics. Pop. of t. 2,602. 

New Beulin, p. v., Stark CO., Oliio : 100 m. N. E. by E. 
Columbus. 

New Beclin, t., p. v., and cap. L'nion eo.. Pain.: on the 
N. side of Penn's cr., 43 m. N. by W. Uarrisburg. It con- 
tains the court-house, jail, several stores and manufactories. 
Five newspapers are pul)lislied weekly; the " Evangelical 
Messenger" (rclig.), "Union Democrat" (whig), "Union 
Times" (<lem.), " Good Samaritan" (temp.), and the " L'nion 
Star" (whig). 

New Beeeis, p. v., Milwaukie CO., Wise. : 70 m. E. by S. 
Madison. 

New Beei-tn- Ce.stee, p. o., Chenango co., X. Y. : S5 m. 
■W. by S. Albany. 
5.30 



Nkwbeen, p. v., port of entry, and cap. Craven county 
JV. Cut: : on S. W. bank of Neuse r., at confluence of Trent 
river, 47 m. above Pamlico Sound, 100 m. E. S. E. Raleigh. 
Lat. N. 35° 20'; long. W. 77° 5'. The Neuse is here IJ m. 
wide, and Trent r. J m., with sufiioient depth of water for 
steamboats, etc. It is a well-built and licallliy city, and was 
formerly capital of the State; contains a court-liouse, jail, "2 
banks (capital $375,000), and 4 churches. It li.as consider- 
able trade; its chief exports are lumber, naval stores, and 
agricultural products. On 30th June, 1850, the total tonnage 
of Newbern district was 5.208 tons, of which 1,519 tons were 
registered, and 3,689 enrolled and licensed. Of registered 
tonnage 1,077 tons were permanent, and 442 tons temporary. 
Of enrolled .and licensed toimage 3,608 tons were in the 
coasting trade, 119 tons propelled by steam. Entrances 
from foreign countries during year previous, 28 — 2,004 tons ; 
clear.anees, 30—3,643 tons ; vessels built, S — 807 tons. New- 
bern has considerable inland trade, wholesale and retjiil. 
Two newspapers are published weekly : " Newbernian" 
(whig) and "Republican" (dem.) It is about to be con- 
nected with the interior by railroad to Goldsboro', etc Pop. 
in 1830, 3,776 ; in 1840, 3,090 ; in 1850, 4,722. 

Newbern, p. v., Greene county, Ala. : 73 m. "W. by N. 
Montgomery. 

Newbern, p. T., Jersey county, 111. : SO m. S. W. by S. 
Springfield. 

Newheen, p. v., Bartholomew CO., Ind. : on 8. bank of 
Clilty er., 42 m. E. S. E. Indianapolis. 

Newheen, p. v., and cap. Pulaski county, Virg. : 178 m. 
W. S. W. Richmond. 

Newberkv district, S. Car. Situate N. "W., and contains 
757 sq. m. Drained by affluents of Broad r., whicli flows 
on its E. border, and by branches of Saluda r., which forms . 
its S. boundary. Surface generally level ; soil varied — a 
large portion is very fertile, and there is excellent pasturage 
for cattle. Staples, cotton, wheat, Indian corn, and potatoes. 
Farms 1,045 ; manuf. 89 ; dwell. 1,494, and pop.— wh. 7.243, 
fr. col. 212, si. 12,088— total 20,148. Capitai: Newberry 
Court-llouse. Public Works: Greenville and Columbia 
R. R. ; Laurens R. R. 

Newberry, p. v., "Wayne co., Kt/. : on "W. side Otter cr. 
of Cumberland r., 90 m. 8. Frankfort, 

Newberry, p. v., Greene co., ImJ. : on E. bank of "W. 
fork of "White r., and on lineof Wabash and Erie Caual, 
72 m. S. E. by S. Indianapolis. 

Newberry, p. v., Lycoming co., Penn. : on the N. side 
of the Susquehanna r., and the "W. side of Lycoming cr., 
OS m. N. by "W. Uarrisburg. There is a blast furnace, one 
forge, and one rolling-mill at this place. "With the opening 
of railroads this v. has good business prospects. 

Newderev. p. v., sta., and cap. Newberry dist, S Car. : 
on Greenville and Columbia R. R., 47 m. W. N. "W. from 
Columbia. Contains the court-house, jail, 6 churches, 2 ho- 
tels, 15 stores, 2 academies. The v. is noted for the wealth, 
refinement, and education of its citizens. The "N. Sen- 
tinel" (dem.) is published weekly. Pop. 1,2,50. A mile "W. 
of the v., the Laurens R. R. diverges from the main track. 

Newberrytown, p. v., York co., Penn.: 9 m. S. S. E. 
Uarrisburg. 

New BETirEL, p. o., Benton co., Ala. : 102 m. N. by E. 
Montgomery. 

New Bethel, p. v., Marion county, Lid. : 9 tnilea S. E. 
Indianapolis. 

New BETnLEiiE.\t, p. v., Clarion CO., Penn. : on the N. 
side of Red Bank cr., 141 m. W. N. W. Uarrisburg. 

New Bloomfield, p. v., Callaway county. Mo. : 12 m. 
N. N. E. Jefferson City. 

New Bloomfieeo. p. b., and cap. Perry co., Penn. : 20 m. 
N. "W. by W. liarrislinrg. It contains the eourl-house, jail, 
several stores, and is surrounded by a thriving agricultural 
district 

Newborn-, p. v., Newton county, Ga.: 45 miles N. "W. 
Milledgeville. 



NEW 



NEW 



Xkw Boston, p. v.. Lee county, la. : 75 in. S. luwa City ; 
and 7 m. W. Nauvoo, III. 

New Bostox. p. o., NVindham co., Conn. : on the Quinne- 
baus: r., 41 m. E. N. E. Ilartford, 72 m. N. E. New Ha\en ; 
has several factories. 

New Boston, p. v., Mercer co., III. : on tin? N. E. side of 
■Mississippi r., 1| ni. above the moutli of E<iwards r, 114 m. 
N. "W. Springfield. The v. has a good lauding on the r., 
and is surrounded by a fertile country. 

New Boston, p. v., Berkshire co., Jfa^s.: on the W. side 
of Farmington r., 106 m. W. by S. Boston. 

New Boston, stx, Worcester co., Jf>i-ss. : on Worcester 
and Nashua E. K., IS m. from Worcester. 

New Boston, L and p. o., Ilillsborough co., A' ITiunp. : 
on S. branch of Piscataquog r.. 20 m. S. S. W. Concord. 
Surface hilly ; soil fertile. Contains numerous mills, and 2 
cinirches. Pop, 1,470. 

New Brajntp.f.e, t, and p. v., Worcester co., Mass. : 54 m. 
W. Boston. Drained by numerous brooks, and on IheN.W. 
by Ware r. Surface uneven; soil fertile in parts, and par- 
ticularly adapted to grazing. Pop. of t. 852. 

New BnArxFELS. t., p. v., and cap. Comal co., Tex. : on 
Gaudaloupe and Comal rivers, at their junction, 45 m. 
S. S. W. Austin City. This place occupies a very beautifid 
site, in Ihe most fertile portion of Texas. The inhabitants 
are mostly Germans. They are mainly Lutherans, but there 
is also a Catholic chapel. 

New Buemen, p. v., Auixlaize co., OJuo: SO m. W. N. W. 
Columbus, on Miami Canal. Pop. 344. 

New Bremen, p. o.. Cook county, J II. ; 154 miles N. E. 
Springfield. 

New Br.EMEN, t. and p. o., Lewis co., X. Y, : on E. side 
of 151ack r., S7 m. N. W. Albany. Dramcd by Black r. and 
branches. Pop. 1,510. 

New Bridge, p. o.. Lumpkin co., Ga.: on the E. aide of 
Chcslatee r., Ill m. N. I-y W. Milledgeville. 

New Bridgeville, p. o., York county, Penn.: 32 m. S. 
Ilarrisburg. 

New Brighton, p. b., Beaver co., Penn. : on the E. aide 
of Beaver r., .3 m. above its mouth, and ISO m. W. by N. 
Ilarrisburg. The Ohio and Peimsylvania P. P. passes 
through this place, 2S m. from Pittsburg. The r. here af- 
fords water-power, and a very considerable manufacturing 
and local commercial business is done. The b. is regularly 
laid out. and contains many beautiful residences and sub- 
stantial business houses. Two bridges span the r., one at 
eitlier end of the village. 

New Brighton, p. v., Klchmond co., 2^. T- ' 6 ra. S. W. 
New York, 132 m. S. by W. Albany. This v. is most beau- 
tifully simatcd on Slateu Island, and is a favorite resort of 
the citizens of New York City in tiie summer monllis. No 
place in the vicinity of New York affords more delightful 
views of the bay and rily. 

New Britain, 1., p. b., and sta.. Hartford county, Cont), : 
27 m. N. by E. New Haven, 9 m. S. S. W. Hartford ; station 
on the Hartford, Providence, and Fishkill E. E. Drained 
by Mill r. Contains numerous factories, chiefly of brass and 
hardware. The Connecticut Stale Normal School, estab- 
lished here in 1S51. has an annual appropriation of ■'52,500. 
and employs four instructors. The •■' New Britain Journal" 
is published weekly. Pop. of t. 3.02.'?. 

New Britain, p. o., Columbia co., y. Y. : 22 m. S. E. 
Albany. 

New Britnswick. p. city, port, and cap. Middlesex co., 
JV. Jer. : on Raritan r., 2G m. N. E. Trenton, 31 m. by New 
Jersey E. E. from New York, 55 ra. from Philadelphia. 
This flourishing city is at the head of navigation on the 
Earitan,14 m. from its moulh, and is accessible for vessels 
drawing eight feet of water. Here terminates the Delaware 
and Earitan Canal, which connects witli these rivers here 
and at Bordenlown. It is 43 m. long. 75 feet wide, .and " 
feet deep ; admitting the passage of vessels of 100 f<ms. It 
has a rise and fall of IIG feet by 14 locks. New Brunswick 



was incorporated as a city in 17S4. It is the dep t of a fer- 
tile district, and has considerable trade and manufactures. 
The oldest portion of the city is built upon the river, on low 
ground, having narrow and crooked streets, but the rest is 
built upon a declivity, with regular and broad streets, pre- 
senting a handsome appearance, and commanding fine 
prospects. Many houses are elegantly surrounded by gar- 
dens. Upon the highest part of the city is Eutger's College, 
founded in 1770. In 1350 it had 7 instructors, 66 students, 
513 ninmni. and 10,000 vols, in librarj-. In the vicinity is 
the Theol. Seminary of the Dutch Ecformed Church, estab- 
lished in 17S4, having 3 professors, 34 students, 179 alumni, 
and 7,iXX) vols, in library. The oily contains the court-house 
and jaU, 9 churches, etc. ; 2 banks, cap. $200,000, and several 
large factories. Three newspapers are issued weekly — "N. 
Jersey Union'' (dem.), **N. B. Times" (dem.), "Fredonian" 
(whig.) The constant comnmnication of New Brunswick 
with New York for the last few years has greatly increased 
its business and population. Pop. in 1S30, 7,S31 ; in 1S40, 
S,663; in 1S50, 13,3S7. 

New Buda, p. v., Decatur co., la. : on Crooked fork of 
Grand r., 133 m. S. W. by W. Iowa City. This is a new 
Hungarian settlement, planted by the exiles who came over 
to Ihe United States with Gov. Ujhazy. 

New Buffalo, t, and p. v., Berrien co., Mich. : on Lake 
Michigan,' 125 m. W. S. W. Lansing, at mouth of Galain r., 
which is here an estuary 3 m. wide, affording a good har- 
bor. The V. was formerly the termination of the Michigan 
Central E. E., now extended to Chicago. 

New Buffalo, p. v.. Perry co., Pcmi.: on W. side of 
Su?qufhanna r., 5 m. above the mouth of Juniata r., 16 m. 
N. by W. Ihurisburg. 

Newburg, p. v., Macon county, Mo.: 100 m. N. by W. 
Jelferson City. 

NEwsma, p. v., Franklin co., Ala.: 159 m. N. N. W. 
Montgomery. 

NEWBrno, p. v., Warrick co., ImL: on Ohio r,, 133 m. 
S. S. W. Indianapolis. It has a convenient steiimboat land- 
ing, and contains several stores and warehouses, and a pop- 
ulation of about GOO. The ''Warrick Democrat" is \>\x\y- 
lished weekly. 

Newbcro, t. and p. o., Cass county, Mich.: SS m. S. W. 
Lansing. Pop. 3SS. 

Nbwburg, p. 0., Washington co., Wise: GS m. E. N. E. 
Madison. 

Neweueg, p. v., and cap. Lewis co., Tenn. : 54 m. S. S.W. 
Nash\il!e. 

Newbukg, L. and, p. o., Penobscot co.. Me. : 49 m. N. E. 
Augusta. Drained by a branch of Sowadabscook r. Soil 
fertUe. Pop. 1,399. 

Newburg, t, p. v., and semi-cap. Orange co., K. Y. : on 
W. bank Hudson r., S4 m. S. by W. Albany, 54 m. N. New 
York. Lat. 41° 31' N., long. 740 1' W. Surface of t. ele- 
vated, somewhat broken, and hilly. Drained by the Hud- 
son and small creeks. Soil clay and gravelly loam, fertile, 
but best adapted to grazing. This vicinity, with the rest of 
Orange co., is celebrated for its superior dairj' products and 
excellent live-stock. The v. is handsomely situated on an 
acclivity rising from the shore to an elevation of 30o feet, 
where is afforded a most delightful and extensive prospect 
of the river, which here widens into Newburg Bay, fertile 
an<l beautiful valleys, the Highlands, and the villages of 
West Point and Fishkill. This v. was settled in 1701 by 
Germans, and incorporated in ISOO. General WashingloQ 
had here his head-quarters during the winter of 17S2-3, at 
which period the celebrated Newburg letters were written. 
The old stone-house in which he resided is still standing in 
good preservation. On 23d June, 1TS3, the troops here sta- 
tioned were disbanded. The v. cont;iiiis a court-house and 
jail, numerous churches, seminaries, etc. The Theological 
Seminary of Assoc. Eef. Church, established in 1S36, has 1 
professor, 11 students, 14=3 alumni, 3,200 vols, in liljrary. 
There are large factories of carriages, machinerj-, chairs, 

531 



NEW 



NEW 



cordage, plaster, flour, candles, etc., iron foundries, brew- 
eries, tanneries, stone and lumber yards, etc. ; 4 banks have 
a capital of $700,000. A steam ferry connects the v. ■with 
rishkill an<I Hudson River E. R. The Newbiu-g branch 
E. R. connects with Erie R. R. at Chester junction, 19 m. 
The immense quantities of agricultural products, etc., of the 
vicinity and interior, which are here received for the New 
York markets, wiih the other commerce of the v., constantly 
employ many frciafht barges, sloops, and steamboats. Tour 
newspapers are issued weekly, "N. Gazette'' (whig), '* Tele- 
graph'' (dem.), *' Excelsior" (dera.), "Highland Courier" 
(dem.) Pop. in 1830, 6,4-24; in 1S40, 6,933; in 1S50, 11,415. 

Newburg, t, p. v., and sta., Cuyahoga co., Ohio: 123 m. 
N. E. by N. Columbus, 8 m. S. E. Cleveland, on Cleveland 
and Pittsburg R. R. Soil of t. fertile. Drained by MiU cr., 
upon which the v. is situated, at a fall in the stream, afford- 
ing extensive water-power. Pop. of 1. 1,542. 

Newburg. p. o., Cumberland co., Penn. : on N. side of 
Conedogwinit cr., 37 m. W. by S. Harrisbnrg. 

New BmLisGTox, p. o., Delaware co., Iiid. : on Prairie 
cr., 47 m. E. N. E. Indianapolis. 

New BmtLiNGTON, p. c, Clinton co., Ohio: 54 m. S. TT. 
Columbus. 

Newbury, t and p. c, Merrimac co., IT. TTamp. : 24 m. 
"W. N. W. Concord. It is bordered on the N. W. by Suna- 
pee lake. Drained by a branch of Warner r. ; has two 
churches. Pop. 7SS. 

Newbury, t. and p. o., Geauga co., Ohio: 1-21 m. N. E. 
Columbus. Surface oft diversified; soil fertile: timber 
abundant. Drained by the heads of Chagrin and Cuy- 
ahoga rivers. Pop. 1,253. 

NEWBtTRT, t,, p. v., and sta.. Orange co., Yerm. : on 
Connecticut r., 27 m. E. S. E. Montpelier. "Wells' r., in the 
N. part of t.. aflbrds good water-power. The Connecticut 
and Fassumsic E. li. passes through the t The Newbury 
Seminary is a flourishing Methodist academy, and haa six 
teachers. The '* Aurora of the Talley" (lit.) is published 
weekly. Pop. 2,9&4. 

Newbubtport, p. city, port of entry, and one of the caps. 
Essex CO., 3f<if!s.: on the S. bank of Merrimac r., 4 m. from 
the ocean, 34 m. N. N. E. Boston. Lat. 4J0 4S'3-2" N.. long. 
70^ 53' 47" "W. The harbor is safe and spacious, and pro- 
tected by a break-water, but its entrance is obstructed by a 
6and-bar. The city is beaniifuUy situated on a gentle ac- 
clivity, and very regularly laid out, with wide streets, those 
parallel vaih the river rising like terraces. This place has 
suflered severely by fires, commercial losses, and othenvise, 
but for the last few years it has been steadily increasing in 
wealth and importance. A V. S. naval oflacer is stationed 
here. It is still largely engaged in the mackerel and cod 
fisheries, coasting trade, and foreign commerce. Five large 
cotton manufacturing companies have a capital of $1,150,000. 
Ship-building is extensively carried on. There arc 3 banks ; 
capital 1570.000. The principal buildings are, custom- 
house, of rough granite, with fine wrought Doric portico ; 
court-house, of brick ; stone jail, 10 churches, a fine academy, 
lyccnm, etc. Much attention is given to education. The 
Putnam High School is endowed with $70,000. Another in- 
stitution, chiefly for classical studies, has a large fund, given 
by Mr Moses Brown. Rev. George Whitefield, the celebra- 
ted divine, died in this town, Sept. 21, 1770; his tomb and 
monument are in the First Presbyterian Chiu-ch. The Eastern 
R R. pasaes through the city, 34 m. from Boston. The Xew- 
bur\port R. R. branches off to Bradford, connecting with 
the Bwton and Maine K. E. Two daily papers are issued, 
"Herald" (whig), "Union" (dem.); 1 send-weekly, "N, 
Herald" (whig). On SOth June, 1S50, the total tonnage of 
N. district was 23,262 tons, of which 16.214 tons were re- 
. gistered, and 7,04S tons enrolled and licensed. Of register- 
ed tonnage, 14,01 S were permanent, and 2.196 temporary. 
Of the enrolled and licensed tonnage, 7,045 were permanent, 
494 tons were employed in the coasting trade, 8,7.S9 tons 
were in the cod fisherv, and 2.S15 tons in the mackerel ; 
533 



fishery. During the year previous the number of clearances 
for foreign porta was 140 — 9,703 tons ; number of entrances 
12S — S,C05 tons. Vessels buiit, 10 (S ships, 2 schooners), 
4Sol tons. Pop. in 1S30, 6,375; iu 1940, 7,161; in 1650, 
9,572. 

Newbt's Bridge, p. c, Perquimans co., 2^. Car. : 130 m. 
N. E. Raleigh. 

New Caufobnia, p. t., Grant co., Wise, : 60 m. W. S.W. 
Madison. 

New Caxtfoesia, p. o., Union co., Ohio: 30 m. N. W. 
Columbus. 

New CiSAAN, t, and p. v., Fairfield co., C(»in. : 33 m. 
W. S. W. New Haven, 61 m. S. W. Hartford. Surface oft, 
uneven ; soil gravelly loam, well watered by several .streams 
from Long Island Sound. Contains a number of mills and 
has some manufactures. The v. is on high ground, and 
contains 3 churches and an academy. Pop. of t. 2,601. 

New CANANDAicrA, p. o., Oakland co., Mic/u: 65 m. 
E. by S. Lansing. 

New Ca>-tox, p. v., Hawkins co., Teruu : 225 m. E. by X. 
Nashville. 

New Cantos, p. v., Buckingham county. Tirg. : on S. 
side State cr., a quarter of a mile from James r., 45 ra. 
W. N. W. Richmond. Four miles V,". are the extensive 
Virginia flour-mills. 

New Carlisle, p. v., St Joseph county, Ind. : 138 m, 
N. by "W. Indianapolis. 

New Carlisle, p. v., Clark co., Ohio : 64 m. "W. by S. 
Columbus. Pop. 634. 

New CAnxiLAGE, p. v., Madison par., La. : N. side of a 
bend of Mississippi r., 120 m. N. Baton Rouge. 

New Castle county, I>d. Situate N., and contains 
923 sq. m. Drained by Christiana, St. George's, Brandy- 
wine, Red Clay, Naaman's, Blackbird, and Duck creeks. 
Surface varied— in the N. and "W. being hilly, in the E. low 
and marshy and unfit for tillage ; soil, where capable of 
cultivation, is fertile. Staples, wheat, Indian corn, and po- 
tatoes; and in this county are the principal manufacluring 
establishments of the State. Farms 1,662 ; manuf. 2S1 ; 
dwell. 7.093, and pop.— wh. S4,S22, fr. col. 7,56S, si. 394— 
total 42.7&4. Capital: New Castle. Public Works: Phil- 
adelphia, "Wilmington, and Baltimore R, R.; New Castlo 
and Frcnchtown R. R. ; New Castle and 'Wilmmglon K. R. 
Chesapeake and Delaware Canal, etc. 

New Castle, hand., p. v.. port of entry, and cap. New 
Caslle CO., Dd. : on "W. bank of Delaware r.. 31 m. N. Dover, 
5 m. S. Wilmington. Lat 39° 40' N., long. 750 33' W. The 
bund, is bounded on the N. and W. by Christiana cr. Sur- 
face moderately hilly; soil fertile. The v. is an old towx, 
and once the capital of the State. Its harbor is well pro- 
tected by long piers. Railroads to Wilmington and French- 
town afford direct connection with Philadelphia and Balti- 
more. It contains the court-house, jail, town-house, arsenal, 
market-house, 1 bank — capital $133,000; 5 churches, and 
public library of 4,000 vols. Here is a large manufactory of 
steam-engines, locomotives, etc The total tonnage of New 
Castle district on the 30th June, 1S50, was 7,259 tons en- 
rolled and licensed, of which 7.124 tons were permanently 
employed in the coasting trade, 135 tons were Ucensed under 
20 tons ; 1,345 tons were propelled by steam. Pop. -3,500. 

New Castle, p. o., Gentry county, Mo.: 163 m. N. W. 
Jefferson City. 

New Castle, p. v., sta., and cap. Henr)- county, Ind. : on 
E. side Blue r., 40 m. E. by N. Indianapolis. The New 
Castle and Richmond R. R. passes through the village. It 
contains a eonrt-houso and jail, several good schools, and 
numeroiis stores. 

New Castle, t and p. t., Lincoln co., 3fe, : 24 m. S. S. E. 
Augusta, between Damariseotta and Sheepscot rivers. The 
Damariscotta r. is navigable for large vessels to the v., 15m. 
from the ocean. There are nuniemus mills of different 
kinds in the v. and t The ** Liucohi Democrat" is published 
weekly. Pop. 2,012. 



NEW 



NEW 



New Castle, p. o., Logan co., III. : on the X. side of 
Kickapoo cr., 87 m. X. K. by N. t^pringfield. 

New Castle, t,, p. v„ anti sta., "Westchester co., N. Y. : 
102 ni. S. Albany. Surface of t. hilly ; soil gravelly and 
sandy loam. The llarleni R. K. passes through the t.,40m. 
from New York. Pop. 1,800. 

Nkw Uabtlk. t. and p. v., Coshocton co., Ohio: 4S m. 
E. N. E. Coluuilnis. Drained by AV'alhondin^ river and 
branches. Pop. 1.2'37. 

New Castle, p. v., "Wilkes co., K. Car. : 13S m. "W. N. W. 
Ealeigh. 

New Castle, p. b., and cap. Lawrence co., Penn. : at the 
junction of the Shenango and Ncshannock creeks, 1S7 m. 
"W. by N. Harrisburg. The Beaver and Erie Canal passes 
through the T. Iron ore dejjosits are found in the vicinity ; 
2 rolling-mills, 1 blast-furnace, several manufactories, and a 
number of stores, make this a place of eotisiderable business 
imporlance. There are Im o newspapers issued wet-kly— ihe 
**N. C. Gazette" (whig), and " Lawrence .Tournal'' (dem.) 

New Castle, p. v., Hardeman county, 2eiin.: 147 m. 
"W. S. W. Nashville, 

New Castle, t. and p. o., Rockingham co., JV", Hamp. : 
4pi m. E. S. E. Concord. Cfmsistsof an island in I'ortsnioutli 
harbor, connected with Portsmouth by a bridge. Here are 
Eort Constitution and the liglil-house ; also 1 (.-Iiureh. The 
island is much resorted to from Portsmouth, fur the purpose 
of fishing. Pop. 891. 

New Castle, p. v., Botetourt co., Virg. : on Craig's cr., 
145 m. W. liiehniond. 

New Castle C. U., p. v., and cap. Ilenry co., Jii/.: 21 m. 
N. W. Frankfort, 

New Cextreville. p. v., 'Tennings co., Ind. : on S. side 
Vernon Fork r., 63 ni. S. S. E. Indianapolis. 

New Cn-tMBEESBUEG. p. v., Columbiana co., Ohio: 114 m. 
N. E. by E. Columbus. 

New Chester, p. o., Adams co., Penn.: on Conewago 
cr.,26 m. S. S. W. Ilarrisburg. 

New' CimpxH, p. a, Accomac county, Vlrg.: lol m. 
E. by N. Ilichmond. 

New C0LU.MBIA, p. v.. Union co., Penn. : on "W. side of 
"W. branch of Su.squehanna r., 53 m. N. Ilarrisburg. 

New CuLi'MBiA, p. v.. Newton co., T^xr. ; on "U'. side of 
Saline r., 25S m. E. by N. Austin City ; has a good landing 
for steamboats. 

New Coll-mbcs, p. 0., Luzerne co., Pain, : 6S m. N. N. E. 
Ilarrisburg. 

New Comekstowx, p. v., Tuscarawas co.. Ohio: on "W. 
bank Tuscarawas r., and on the Ohio and Erie Canal, 75 m. 
E. N. E. Columbus. Pop. 476. 

New Concokd, p. v., Callaway co., Kij. : 213 m. S. W. 
FrnnkforL 

New Concord, p. v., Muskingum county, Ohio: G5 m. 
E. by N. Columbus. Has an academy, several churches, 
and mills. Pop. 334. 

New Coewix, p. o., Highland co., Ohio : 60 m. S. "W. by S. 
Columbus. 

New Coktdon, p. t., Jay co., Ind. : on 8. side of "Wabash 
r.. So m. N. E. Indianapolis. 

New CuMBEr-LANT), p. b., Cumberland co., Penn. : on "W. 
side of Susquehanna r., at the confluence of the Yellow 
DreechcB cr.. 3 m. S. Harrisburg. The York and Cuml)er- 
land l\. \i. pa.'^ses through the b., to connect with the Cum- 
berland Valley and other lines. Here are several stores, and 
some nianufacturing is done. 

New CriiEERLAND, p. 0., Brooko county, Virg. : 254 m. 
"W. N. W. Richmond. 

New Deery, p. v.. 'Weslmoreland co., Peun. : 124 m. W. 
Ilarrisburg. The Pennsylvania R. R. passes through town 
of Dcrry, 49 ni. from Pittsburg. 

New DiGGiNS. t. and p. v., Lafayette co., T17*o. .• on Fever 
r.. tiS m. 6. W. Madison. Pop. 1,742. 

New Durham, p. v.. La Porte county, Ind. : 125 m. 
N. N. E. by N. Indianapolis. 



New Durham, t., p. o., and sla., SlrafTonl co., K. flamp. : 
22 m. N. E. Concord, on Cocheco R. R., 22 in. from Dover. 
Surface very uneven; soil moist, and adapted to grazing. 
Pop. 1.04S. 

New DiTtnAM, p. v., Hudson co., iV. Jer. : 55 m. N. E. 
Trenton. 

New Egypt, p. v., Ocean co., K. Jer. : 15 m. S. E. by E. 
Trenton, on Crosswick's cr.. upon which are numerous and 
valuable mills. 

Newkll, p. 0., Anderson dist., ^S". Car.: 95 m. N. W. 
Columbia. 

New Ekgland Village, p. v., "Worcester co., Mass. : 
3S m. W. Boston, 7 m. S. E. Worcester, 1 m. from Boston 
and Worcester 11. R., on Quiusigaraond cr., the outlet of 
Long Pond. This stream iu its deseent falls 50 feet, afford- 
ding great water-powtr. This is a very fli.uu"ishing and 
growing village. 

New Fairfield, t. and p. o., Fairtu-ld co.. Conn. : 43 ra. 
W. S. W. Hartford. 82 m. W. N. W. New Haven. Surface 
of t. rough and Iiilly; soil gravelly. Drained by liock r. 
Pop. 927. 

Newpa^-e, t. and p. o.. Niagara county, JV. Y.: 2G2 m. 
W. by N. Albany. Draine<l l)y EightL-cu-Mile cr. Surface 
ineliued toward the lake; snij .sandy loam. Pop. 3,255. 

Newfield, t. and p. o., York county. Me. : 76 ra. S. W. 
Augusta. Drained by Little Ossipeo r., on which there are 
some mills. Pop. 1,41S. 

Newfield, t. and p. v., Tompkin's co., iV. }'. ; 14S m. 
W. by S. Albany. Surface of t. broken and hilly ; soil 
gravelly loam and very fertile; is well drained. 

New Florence, sta., Westmoreland co.. Pa.: on S. side 
Conemaugh r., 114 W. by N. Harrisburg, on Pennsylvania 
R. R., 70 in. from Pittsburg. 

Newfoind, lake and river, Gr.ifton co., A^ If. The lake 
is six m. long, 2 to 3 ra. wide ; its outlet, or the river, is a 
considerable stream, flowing into Pemigewassett r. 

Newfoundland, p. o., Morris co., 2^\ Jer. : on S. bank 
of Pequaunock r., 53 m. N. N. E. Trenton. 

New Frankfort, p. 0., Scott co., Iii>/.: on N. side of 
Sucker's Fork. 75 m. S. S. E. Indianapolis. 

New Franklin, \). v.. Stark co., Ohio : 111 m. N. E. by E. 
Columbus. 

New Franklin, p. 0., Wayne co., PL : 113 m. S. E. by S. 
Springfield. 

New Ff.eedom, p. 0., York county, Penn. : 25 ra. S. 
Harrisburg. 

New Gakpen, p. 0., "Wayne co., Ind. : 65 m. E. Indian- 
apolis. 

New Garden, p. o., Russell co., Virg.: 2G1 m. W by S. 
Richmond. 

New Oaeden, p. v., Guilford co., -V. Car. : 7S m. "W. N.W. 
Raleigh. 

New Garden, p. v., Columbiana county, Ohio: 113 m. 
E. N. E. Columbus. 

New Garden, t and p. o., Chester co., Penn.: 6S m. 
E. S. E. Harrisburg. Surface level; soil calcareous loam. 
Drained by Red Clay and White Clay creeks. 

New Gascony, p. v., Jefi'erson co., Ark. : on N. bank of 
Arkansas r., 42 m. E. S. E. Little Rock. 

New Geneva, p. v., Fayette co., Penn.: on E. aide of 
Monongahela r. above the confluence of George cr., 160 m. 
"W. by S. Harrisburg. 

New Germantown, p. v., Hunterdon county, JV. Jer.: 
"W, of Lamington r.. 32 ra. N. Trenton. Coutains several 
churches and stores and an academy. 

New Germantown, p. v., Perry co., Penn. : 36 m. "W. 
Harrisburg. 

New Gilead, p. v., Moore co., A1 Car.: 60 m. S. W. 
Raleigh. 

New Glarub, p. o., Green co., in.fc.-on fork of Sugar r., 
25 m. S. S. W. Madison. 

New Glasgow, p. v., Amherst co., Virg.: S7 ra. W. 
Richmond. 

533 



NEW 



NEW 



New Gloucester, t., p. o., and sta., Cumberland co., Me. : 
86 m. S. W. Augusla. Drained by KoyaPs r., which affords 
water-power to mills of variou3 kinds. The Atlantic and 
&t. Lawrence K. li. passes through this L, 22 m. from Port- 
land. Top. 1,S4S. 

New GosnEN, p. o., TIgo county, Ind. : 70 m. W. S. W. 
Indianapolis. 

New GoTTiNGEy, p. v., Guernsey co., Ohio: Co m. E. 
Columbus. Pop. 54. 

New Geaefenbekg, 
"W. N. W. Albany. 

New Geesada, p. o., 
Ilarrisburg. 



p. o., Herkimer co., JV. Y. : 70 m. 



Fulton CO., Penn.: 70 ra. W. S. W. 



I New Geetna, p. o., Burlington co., K. Jer. : SO m. S. 
Trenton. 

New Guilford, p. o., Coshocton co., Ohio : 50 m. E. N. E. 
Columbus. 

New Hackensack, p. o., Dutchess CO., T. Y.: SO m. 
S. by "W. Albany. 

New Hagebstown, p. v., Carroll co., Ohio : 97 ra. E. N. E. 
Columbus. 

New IIamhurg, p, v. and sla., Duchess co., iV, T.: on 
E. bank of Hud^^on r., at month of "VVappinger's cr., 74 m. 
S. by \V. Albany. Is a station of the lludsoa llivcr K, K., 
G6 m. from New York, 73 m. from Albany. 



THE STATE OF NEW HAMPSHIRE. 



New II.VMPS1IIHE is situated betn'oen 42^ 41' and 45^ 11' latitudes north, and between 70° 40' and 7'2° 2S' longitudes, 
west from Greenwich, or between 4° 34' and C^ 22' cast from Washington. It is bounded on the north by Lower Canada, 
on the east by the State of Maine and the Atlantic Ocean, on the south by the State of Massachusetts, and on the east by 
that of Vermont, from which it is separated l)y the Connecticut Eiver. From north to south its length is 163 miles, and 
its width, from east to west, from 90 to 20 miles, its form lapering toward the north. It contains an area of 9,2S0 square 
miles. 

New Hampshire has a sea-coast of but IS miles in length. The shore is little otherwise than a sandy beach, bordered in 
front by salt marshes, and indented by creeks and coves, wliich form, however, eligible harbors for small crafl. Behind 
there is a narrow, level, or gently undulating tract of 25 or 30 miles in width, and beyond this zone the general surface 
becomes mountainous, principally in the north, the hills increasing in height as they recede from the sea, until they swell 
to the lofty grandeur of the White Mountains. This range, which may be considered as a continuation of the Alleghanios, 
enters New Hampshire between the Connecticut and Merrimac rivers, and of which the Grand Monadnock, 3,254 feet in 
height, Sunapee, 4,636 feet, and Moosheloc, 4,G36 feet, appear to be links, reaches its greatest elevation in Mount Washing- 
ton, the summit of which is 6.42S feet above the level of the sea, and the highest culmination east of the Koeky Mountains. 
The other principal peaks in this range, for as such it may be described, although it is not always continuous, are : Mnunt 
Adams, 5,960 feet; Mount Jefferson, 5,860 feet; Mount Madison, 5,fi20 feet. Mount Monroe, 5,510 feet; Mount Franklin, 
5,050 feet, and others little inferior in elevation, and the Kearsarge Mountains rise to the height of 2,4S0 feet. These 
mountains are composed of huge rocks of granite and gneiss, and round their b:iscs are forests of heavy Umber, which is 
succeeded by a belt of stunted fir trees, from 10 to 15 feet high, above this a growth of thick bushes, and farther up the 
surface is covered with a dark pall of mosses and lichens. The snow lies on their summits for nine or ten months of the 
year, giving tliem the appearance from which they take their name. The ** Notch*' is a remarkable chasm two miles in 
length, and where narrowest it is only 22 feet wide. It is the only pass through the great mountain barrier. Through 
the high, steep precipices,which form its walls, flows one of the head branches of the Saco River, and in its course receiving 
the waters of several cascades which leap down the declivities. This stream, after a heavy fall of rain, becomes fearfully 
swollen, and frequently at such times sweeps away all opposing obstacles, and fills the valley with ruin. In 1S36, a 
violent rain storm caused a slide of earth, rocks, and trees, which choked up the streams, and flooding the country, 
spread desolation far and wide, and in the general confusion a family of eleven persons, residing at the Notch House, wero 
overwhelmed. 

The general slope of the State is from north to south, and in that direction the principal rivers flow, following the courses 
of the local valleys. The slope toward the Connecticut valley is short and precipitous, and in this direction the only 
streams of consequence are the Ammonoosuc and Ashuelot. The Androscoggin passes thmugh the north-eastern part of 
the State, but this is prnperly a river of Maine. The Piscataqua, the only considerable river that has its whole course 
within the Slate, is formed by the junction of Salmon Falls and Cocheeo rivers from the north, and several smaller streams 
from the west, and it is only from this junction to the sea. a distance of ten miles, that it bears the name of Piscataqua. 
At its mouth is the harbor of Portsmouth, one of the finest in the United States. The Merrimac rises in the Wluto 
Mountains, not far distant from the sources of the Saco, and running south through the centre of the State, passes into 
Massachusetts, where it turns and runs in a north-easterly direction, and falls into the Atlantic. The principal tributaries 
of the Merrimac are from the west, the Nashua, which, after bending beyond the State line, again enters New Hampshire, 
and empties iL-^elf in tlie town of Nashua ; the Onntoocook, which empties itself at Conconi, and Baker's River, which 
rises in Moosheloc Mountain, and empties itself at Plymouth; and from the east the principal tributaries are W'innipiseogec 
Kiver. the outlet of the lake of the same name, and Squam Kiver, which is the outlet of Squam Lake. None of the 
rivers of New Hampshire, however, are much used for navigation, but afford the best of mill-sites. 

It is estimated that 110,000 acres of the surface of this State are covered with water. Lake Winnipiseogee (Win-ne-pe- 
sok-ee, Indian) is the most extensive sheet of water within its limits. It is 23 miles in length, and from 2 to 10 in breadth. 
Upward of 860 islands are sprinkled over its bosom, and its shores are indented by numerous bays formed by gentle 
Bwells of land projecting into the lake and rising gracefully from its waters. It abounds in flsh, and its waters are remark- 
ably pure. Being on the route to the White Mountains, it is much visited by travelers, ami a steamboat is emj)Inyed on the 
lake during the summer season. Lake Umbagog, on the eastern State line, and others in the south and west, are smaller, 
but all have attractive scenery, and are the recipients and outlets of several streams. 

Off the coast are the Isles of Shoals, seven in number, which belong partly to Maine and partly to New Hampshire (sm 
Maine). They lie about eight miles out to sea, between Portsmouth and Newburyport, and arc hardly more than a 
cluster of rocks rising above the water. For more than a century before the Revolulioii they were quite populous, con- 
taining at one time 600 inhabitants, who found there an advantageous situation for earrj-ing on the fisheries. To this day 
the best cod are those known under the name of Isles of Shonis sun-fish. From 3,000 to 4,000 quintals were once annually 
taken and cured here, but the business has of late years declined. 

New Hampshire has been called the " Switzeriand of America." Its scenery is full of grandeur and wild magniflconce. 
634 



NKW HAMPSHIRE. 



From the lofty suniniils of its rugg;ed muuntains the eye surveys one of the wiUlest, and at the same time enchanting, 
ciiiinlrios of the world, and is never drowsed by monotony. Iloeks piled on roclcs, cit'lhed in o^igantic forest growths and 
shrubs, placid lakes embosoming countless verdant islets ; pleasant valleys and farm lands in the highest state of cultiva- 
tion, successively greet the eye, while the foaming cataract and leapUig cascade, now rushing down the slopes and dashing 
to the vales, and now reposing into the gently gliding streams, and anou swelling into rivers, coursing like molten silver 
tliroutih the ])lains, and winding their way to the sea, enchant the senses and cheat the mind of its cares. From M )uut 
■Washington the prospect is noble and extensive, only bonnderi on the one hand by the dim distance of the ocean, and on 
the other by the blue horizon resting on the green base of the land. From Monadnock and Moosheloe, and many of the 
other higher elevations, the scenery is not less alluring. Nur is that of the lakes inferior. Surrounded by forest-clad liills, 
these beautiful basins interspersed with islets, and reflecting from their glassy bosoms the bright bine sky, and the neigh- 
boring slopes, ure truly a feature of loveliness, and well might the Indian, cliarmed by the beauties of the scenery around 
Wiimipiseogee, call it "The smile of the Great Spirit," Umbagog, Sunapee, and others, have their charms; they are 
smaller, indeed, but all are highly picturesque, and abonnd with the most lovely scenery. 

The mineral resources of New Hampshire are by no means insignificant. The recent geological survey by Dr. Charles 
F. Jackson, one of the most scientific geologists of New England, has resulted in many highly valuable discoveries. His 
examinations have brought to light the existence of several beds of iron, and a valuable one of limestone, not Iiitherto 
known, which will prove sources of great wealtli to the State. Iron exists in almost every county. The ore beds that 
have been chiefly worked are at Franconia and Lisbon, in the northerly part of the State, and these are considered as 
among the richest in the United Slates, the ores yielding fiom 00 to 70 per cent, of metal. Ores of copper are found also 
at Franconia, Warren, Eaton, and other places, which want only a judicious Investment of capital and labor to develop 
their treasures. The zinc ore mines of Warren are described as abtjunding and rich, and a very rich mine of tin ore has 
been discovered in the town of Jackson, near the foot of the White Mounfciins, which promises to yield from 40 to CO per 
cent, in pure worked metal. This is the first valuable tin mine that has been discovered in the United Stales. In the 
town of Eaton there are also extensive deprtsils of ores of zinc and lead, mixed in some of the shale with veins of silver, 
the amount of which is sufficiently great to allow nf its being profltably separated. 

Tliere is no State which possesses greater quantities of granite, suited to the purposes of architecture, than New Hamp- 
shire. At various points on the very margins, or near the banks of the Merrimac and Connecticut, are fouml immense 
and apparently exhaustless ranges of this stone. It is of the t)est texture and color, and capable of yielding blocks of any 
required size. Marble is also abundant, as also most of the rocks allributed to tlie primary era. 

The soils of New Hampshire are generally of a stubborn nature, and not of the most fertile description. They require 
cnnsiili-rable labor to make them moderately productive; those of the intervals are the most profitable, and are moder- 
ately rich. All, however, yield well to the industry applied to them, and under jiroper management, the natural ruggedness 
of the country has been converted into a garden-like scene. The climate is somewhat colder than that of Maine, and 
more steady ; the difference of elevation, however, decides the prevailing temperature, and in some cases the difference 
between that of the base and summit of the mountains is from IS^ to 2J0. The temperature of the summer is great, and 
sometimes rises to 100'^ Fahr. In the winter season it hsis been known to sink so low as to freeze the mercury in the 
lube. These extremes, however, seldom occur, an<l are of short duration. In the neighborhood of the Wliite Mountains^ 
the peaks of which are almost always capped in snow, the winters are excessively cold. No part of the Stale, however, is 
unhealthy, but on the contrary, many instances of longevity are recorded, and it is no unusual thing to find persons enjoying 
good health at the patriarchal age oflilO years and upward. William Perkins, of New Market, died inl73'2. at 1U5 ; William 
Scory. of Londonderry, in 1754, at 110; U»>bert Metlin, in 1TS5, at 115; Samuel Welch, of Bow, in IS'Z'-i^ at WS ; and moro 
recent instances are not wanting. In 1S40 there were living in the State 10 persons of 100 years of age and upward, and 
in ISoO, 13 persons. The cohl weather sets in about the middle of September, and continues till May ; the severity of win- 
ter, however, does not commence before November, from wliicli time to the opening of the spring season, the country is 
d»»lhed in a thick mantle of snow, and the rivers are frozen to their sources. 

The natural growths of the country are various kinds of useful timber, as oak, pine, hemlock, ash, beech, and birch; 
ai.<l lliese in former times constituted the chief merchantable products of the region, and when formed into masts, staves, 
planks, boards, elc, were largely exported. The sugar-maple is also abundant, and the pitch-yielding pine. Wolves, 
bears, and other fur-bearing animals are still found in the Sliite, and although a bounty has long been paid by the govern- 
jnent for their destruction, the farmers continue to complain of their visits. The rivers and lakes are well stored with fish, 
and wild fowl and game are plentiful in all parts! 

New Hampshire is divided into 10 counljes and 243 townships, tlie general statistics of the counties and the capitals 
of each, in ISOO, were as follows: 



C'luntiea. 



Dwell. 



Belknap 3,436., 

Carroll 3,7'24. 

Cheshire 5.30*2. 

Coos 2,114. 







Man.if. 




inriilt. 


Ksub. 


.17,721. 


.2,4.38. 


.16.3. 


.20,156. 


.2,8115. 


..135. 


..S0,144. 


..2,805. 


..377. 


.11,853. 


..1,489. 


.. 69. 



Graflo 



.7,893. . .42,.343. . .5,063. . .421. 



Capilnls. 


Cou.,n™. 


Pwell. 


V..f. 


in cull. 


Eslab 


ChimI;.Is. 


.Gilfriril 


Hillsboro'... 


.9.9.39. 


.57,477. 


.3,075. 


.399. 


..Amherst 


.OssipL'e 


ML-iTimac... 


.7,400. 


.38,445. 


.3,220. 


.215. 


..OONCOKD 


. .Liinc't-stor 


Knckingham 


.9,113. 


.60,986. 


..3,811. 


.984. 


I Exi'lcr 

1 Pdrbmouth 


) IT.IVITilill 


SlralTonl 


.4,764. 


.29,.364. 


.1,344. 


.394. 


..Duvcr 


( Piymotilh 


Sullivan .... 


..3,049. 


.19,.375. 


.2,129. 


.141. 


..Nc'Wj)ort 



Tho whole number of dwellings in the State was, at the aljove date, 57,-339, of families 62,287, and of inhabitants 317,864, 
viz., whites 317,389— males 1.55,902. and females 161,487; free colored 475— males 143. and females 232. Of the whole 
population, there were daifniiil diimh—v,h. 103, fr. col. 0— total 103; Ijtinrl—wh. 134, fr. col. 2— total 136; insiinr—wb. 
8S5, fr. col. 0— total 3S5 ; and iiliotic—vih. :U\ fr. col. 4— total 3.52. The number of free persons born in the United States, 
was 304,227; the number of foreign birth. 12,571 ; and of birth unknown, 178. The native population originated as 
follows: Maine 9,6:3.5, Kew Ilampshire 261,591, Verm. 11,256, Ma.ss. 18,495, U. I. 864, Conn. 1,105, N. York 1,171, N. .Jer. 
49, Pcnn. 148, Del. 10, Md. 34, Dist. of Col. 14, Virg. 48, N. Car. 10, S. Car. 21, G.a. 16, Flor. 1, Ala. 13, Miss. 9, La. 9, Tex. 
2, Ark. 8, Tenn. 3, Ky. 11, Ohio 66, Mich. 48, Ind. 20, 111. 31, Mo. 12, la. 4, Wis. 10, Calif 1, Territories 2 ; and \\w foreign 
population was composed of persons from— England 1,469, Ireland 8,811, Scotland 467. Wales 11, Geruuiny 147, France 
69, Spain 8, Belgium 0, Holland 1, Italy 0, Austria 1, S«ity.irl;ind 9, Denmark .3, Norway 2, Sweden 12, I'ruiisia 2, Asia 4, 
Africa 3, British America 2,601, Mexico 5, Central America 0, South America 31, West lu'lies 17, Sandwich Islands 3, and 
other countries 7. 

535 



NEW HAMPSHIRE. 



The following table will show the decennial progress of Ihe population since the first census of the State, taken by the 
United Slates authorities: 

Colored Persons. Decennial Increase. 

Census White , ■ ^ ■ ^ Total 



Persons, Free. Slave Total. PoimUlion. NumerieaL Percent. 

1T90 141,111 6S0 153 TSS 141,899 — — 

ISO!) 1S2,ST3 656 8 S61 1S3,7G2 41,S63 29.5 

ISIO 213,390 970 — 970 214.360 S0,59S 16.G 

1S20 243,286 925 — 925 244,161 29,S01 13.9 

1S30 2GS,721 604 3 607 2G9,32S 25,167 10.3 

1840 2S4,036 5-37 1 53S 284,574 15,246 5.6 

1850 317,389 475 — 475 317,864 33,290 11.16 

The slatisticfl of the wealth, productions, manufactures, and inslitiitiona of New Hampshire, as ascertained by the 
census of the Slate, taken in 1850, and other ofllcial reports referring to tlie same year, are as follows: 

Occupied Lands, etc. — Improved lands, 2,251 ,4SS acres; and unimproved lands, 1,140,926 acres — valued in cash at 
$55,245,997. Whole number of farms under cullivalion, 29.220. Value of farming implements and machinery, $2,314,125. 

Zive-Stock.—HoTSQSj 34,233; asses and mules. 19; milch cows, 94,277; working oxen, 59,027; other cattle, 114,606; 
sheep, 384,756 ; swine, 63,487— vahied in the aggregate at $S,871,901. The returns of 1840 exhibited the live-stock as 
follows : Horses, mules, etc., 43,892 : neat cattle of all descriptions, 275,562 ; sheep, 617,390 ; and swine, 121,671. 

JProducU of Animals,— V?od\, l,3(>i,0:M (in 1^0, 1,260,517) pounds ; butter, 6,977,056 pounds ; cheese, 3,196,563 pounds ; 
and the value of animals slaughtered in the year, $1,522,873. Silk cocoons were produced to the amount of 4,191 (in 
1840, 419J) pounds, being two-seventlis the whole product of the United States ; and beeswax and honey to the amount 
of 117,140 pounds. 

Q-rain (3>'(>??s.— "Wheat, 185,658 bushels; rye, 183,117 bushels; Indian com, 1,573,670 bushels; oats, 978,331 bushels; 
barley, 70,256 bushels; and buckwheat, 65,265 bushels. The crops of 1839, according to the census of 1840, were as 
follows: Wheat, 422,124 bushels; rye, 308,148 bushels; Indian com, 1,162,572 bushels; oats, 1,296,114 bushels ; barley, 
121,899 bushels ; and buckwheat, 105,103 bushels. 

Oth^r Food Crops.— Vcas and beans, 70,856 bushels ; and potatoes, Irish, 4,804,919 bushels. The potato crop of 1839-40 
amounti'd to 6,206,6il6 bushels. 

Ml&celUmmus C/-t>/)s.— Tobacco, 50 pounds; hay, 598,854 (in 1840, 496,107) tons; clover-seed, 829 bushels; other 
grass-seed, 8,071 bushels; hops, 257,174 (in 1840, 243,425) pounds; flax, 7,652 pounds; flax-seed, 189 bu.shels; maple 
sugar, 1,294,863 pounds ; molasses, 9,811 gallons; wine, 844 gaUons, etc. Value of orchard products, $248,563 ; and of 
market-garden products, $56,810. 

Jlome-made Mamifuctures were produced in the year ending 1st June, 1850, to the value of $393,455. 

J/i/ji'/Z/ciu/w.— Aggregate capital invested, $00,000,000; value of all raw material, fuel, etc., $0,000,000; hands era- 
ployed— males 00,000, and females 00,000 ; monthly cost of labor, $000,000 ; entire value of products, $00,000,000. The 
capital employed in manufactures in 1840, was $9,252,448. The whole number of manufacturing establishments pro- 
ducing to the value of $500 and upward annually, on the 1st June, 1850, was 3,301 ; and of this number 44 were cotton 
factories, 61 woolen factories, 163 tanneries, and 29 iron manufactories — 26 making castings, 1 pig iron, and 2 wrought 
iron. The following are the general statistics of these several manufactures : 

In the cotton manuCicture a capital of $10,950,500 is invested, and hence in this interest New Hampshire is second 
only to Massachusetts, and equal to one-seventh the aggregate of the United States. It consumes annually 83,026 bales 
of cotton, and 7,679 tons coal, valued together at $4,839,429, and employs 12,122 hands— 2,911 males and 9,211 females, at 
a monthly cost of $199,844— to males $75,713, and to females $124,181. The annual products are 118,106,247 yanis of 
sheeting, etc., and 149,700 pounds of yarn— valued at $3,830,619. lu 1840— capital invested, $5,523,200 ; hands, 6,991 ; 
value of products, $4,142,304. 

The woolen manuticture employs a capital of $2,437.700 ; wool consumed, 8,604,103 pounds ; and coal, 3,600 tons- 
valued at $1,267,329; hands, 2,127~malcs 920, and females 1,201; monthly cost of labor, $38,628— male $21,177, and 
female $17,451 ; annual products, 9,712,840 yards of cloth, and 165,200 pounds yarn— together valued at $2,127,745. In 
1S40— capital, $740,345; hands, 893; value of products, $T95.T84. 

Tanneries use a capital of $441,976; value of ali raw material, $543,779; hands, 502; monthly cost of labor, $11,737; skins 
tanned, 109,595, and sides of leather tanned, 333,158 ; value of products, $900,421. In 1810, capital $386,402 ; hands, 776, 

The statistics of the iron manufacture are as follows : 

specifications. Pig Iron. Cast Iron. Wronglit Iron. Total. 

Capital invested dollars. . . 2,000 232,700 4,000 236,700 

Iron ore used tons 500 — — 500 

Other iron used " — 6,673 145 6,313 

Mineral coal consumed " — 1,680 — 16S 

Coke, charcoal, etc » 50.000 20,500 50,000 120,500 

Value of all raw material dollars. . . 4,900 177,060 5,600 187,560 

Hands employed number.. 10 874 6 390 

Monthly cost of labor dollars. . . ISO 12,361 192 12,7.33 

Iron annually made tons 200 5,764 110 G,074 

Value of all products dollars. . . 6,000 371,710 10,400 888,110 

Besides the above principal manufactures, there are in New Hampshire a great variety of others, less conspicuous, 
indeed, but which in the aggregate are little less valuable. Among these may be mentioned her numerous grist and saw 
mills, her carriage factories, paper-mills, powder-mills, machine-shops, hardware, cutlery, etc., factories, etc. 

Commerce, Navigation^ rfc— New Ilamp.'ihire, in the year ending 30ih June, 1850, exported to foreign countries, pro- 
duce and merchandise to the value of $8,927, and imported to that of $40,079. Of the exports, $8,722 was the value of 
domestic produce— in American vessels $2,885, and in foreign vessels $5,887, and $205 was the value of foreign produce 
re-exported ; and of the imports, $19,962 was the value of goods carried in American vessels, and $29,117 that of goods 
carried in foreign vessels. The entrances and clearances for the same year were as follows: 
53G 



NEW HAMPSHIRE. 





ENTRANCES, 




N'ftt'Vinality. 


Ves?-l3. 


Touting*-. 


American 


9 


.. SJu'2 




liH 


.. 7.4T2 



Total. 



11,0« 



Crews, 
1.31 

61S 



Nntidnali' 

Aint'hcnn. 
Foreign.. . 



CLEAHANCES. 
VrjBfls. 



Total Ill 



Tonnn;;e. 
S.-21.3 



84 

617 



551 



This commerce belongs to the porlof rortsmoulli.tlie only port of entry in the Staler Tlie great l)iilkof the eoniiiierei.il 
malarial of New Hamiishire is carried to Boston for exportation, and its foreign supplies arc chiefly Ijrouglit tliroiigli the 
same channel. The following table will exhibit the variations of the imports and exports for a series of years: 



Year. 


Exports. 


Imports. 


Tear. 


Exports. 


Inipnrts. 


Year. 


Kxports, 


Imports. 


inn .... 


... $lii,K59 ... 


...$ 


1811 .... 


... *.3t)8.8i;3 ... 


..$ 


1831 .... 


... .1S111.222 ... 


. . . .t146.205 


1703 .... 


... 1»1,413 ... 




1812 .... 


. . . . 203.401 . , . 




18:32 .... 


... 11.5.682 ... 


... 11:5,171 


17M .... 


. . . 198,204 . . . 




1813 .... 


29,S90 . . . 




18.33 .... 


... 1.5.5,268... 


... 107.754 


17M .... 


. . . im.S6n . . . 




1814 .... 


87.387 . . . 




18:34 .... 


. . . 79.056 . . . 


... 118,095 


17SI5 .... 


. . . 229.427 . . . 




1815 


. . . 109.782 . . . 




ls:55 .... 


... 81.081 ... 


. .. 71.1)14 


179G .... 


... 87S,1IU... 




1816 .... 


... 140.2',)3... 




ls:5G .... 


1.5..520 ... 


. . . C4,:354 


1797 .... 


. . . 275,840 . . . 




1S17 .... 


... 197.424... 




18:37 .... 


... SI.Ml ... 


... S1,4:U 


17S1S .... 


... 801,4.53... 




ISIS .... 


. . . 130,648 . . . 


.. 


18:B8 .... 


74.070 ... 


. .. 109.985 


1799 .... 


... 361,759... 




1S19 .... 


... 157,919... 




is;!9 .... 


... 81.944... 


... 61,40T 


ISlW 


... 431.836... 




1820 .... 


. . . 240.800 . . . 




1840 .... 


20.979 . . . 


... 114.047 


ISOl .... 


. . . 555.055 . . . 




1821 .... 


. . . 200,765 . . . 


.. .3.50.021 


1841 .... 


... ]o.:'.48 ... 


. . . 73,701 


1S02 .... 


... 6G5.394... 




1822 .... 


... 199.699... 


.. 330.052 


1M2 .... 


. . . 28,.547 . . . 


... 60.481 


ISIB .... 


. . . 494.020 . . . 




1823 .... 


. . . 237.705 . . . 


.. 571.770 


1S43 .... 


... 44.774... 


8.289 


1*04 .... 


... 716,091 ... 




1824 .... 


... 1S.5.3S3 ... 


.. 24.5.613 


1844 .... 


6.084 . . . 


. . . 81,420 


lSli.5 .... 


... 60S,40S... 




1825 .... 


. . . 198.680 . . . 


.. 831.244 


1845 .. . 


2,384 . . . 


. . . 22.689 


ISflG .... 


... 795,263... 




1826 .... 


... 1157,075... 


.. 348,609 


1846 .... 


5,072... 


. . . 16,485 


isii: .... 


... 680,022 ... 




1827 .... 


. . . 177,398 . . . 


.. 802,211 


1847 .... 


1.090 . . . 


. . . 10.9:55 


isns .... 


. . . 125,059 . . . 




1828 .... 


... 124,433... 


.. 299,849 


1848 .... 


8,24;i . . . 


... 61.303 


1609 .... 


... 286,505 ... 




1829 .... 


... 10.5,740... 


.. 179,889 


1849 .... 


5.878... 


. . . 04,:!61 


1810.... 


... 234,650... 




1530 .... 


... 96,154... 


.. 130,S2S 


1850 .... 


8.927... 


. . . 49.079 



The total shipping owned in the Slate at the date referred to amounted to 23,096: registered shipping, 14.979 tuns; 
enrolled and licensed, 7,S93 tons; and licensed (\ni(ler20 ton boats), 22-4 Inns. The proportion of the (.■nrtilkdandliceused 
tonnage employed in the coasting trade was 4,025 tons, in the cod tishery 2,004 tons, and in the mackerel tisliery I.2u-t 
tons. The shipping built in the State during the year consisted of 8 ships and 2 schooners, with au aggregate burdea of 
6,914 tons. 

fyittryial Improvement. — New Hampshire has completed a fine system of railroads, the principal lines being in a 
N. "W. and a 3. E. direction, or between the Atlantic sea-boanl at Boston and Portsmouth, and the Connecticut liiver, 
where connedion is made with the Vermont lines to Lake Chainplain and Canada. Tlu^ great Atlantic and St. Ltiwrence 
Eailroad also traverses the State in the North section. Most of the lines in the southern part of the State centre at 
Concord, the capital, and thence diverge in every direction. The total length of comi»leted railrna<I in the State, on the 
1st of January, 1S53, was 4S0 miles, or 1 mile to every 17 square miles of territory, or to everj' G(J2 inhabitants. 

Jlanks, etc. — There were 22 banks in the Slate, in December, 1S50, the condition of which was as follows: Liahilitief: — 
capital, $2,375,900 ; circulation, $1,S'J7,111 ; and deposits, $566,l>34 ; and a-sw/j*— loans and discounts, $3,821,120 ; real estate, 
J43,G70 ; duo by other banks, $477,453 ; notes of other banks, $91,444 ; and specie, $129,399. Thirteen savings* institutions 
at the above date had <ieposits to the amount of $1,641,512. 

Gover7imejit. — The constitution of 17>4, as amended in 1792, is the fundamental law of the State. A new constitution 
was fi-araed by a convention in 1S50, but was subsequently rejected by the people. 

The right of suffrage is secured to every male inhabitant 21 years old, excepting paupers and persons excused from 
paying taxes at their o^-n request. The general election is held on the 2d Tuesday in March annually. 

The General Court consists of a House of Tiepresentatives and a Senate. Representatives shall have resided for tho 
last two years in the State, shall have an estate valued at $100 (at the rate of six shillings and eight pence the ounce of 
silver), one-half thereof to be freehold within their district, and shall be inhabitants of their district, Everj' town of 150 
rateable polls, 21 years old, may choose 1 repncsentative, and every 300 such polls additional shall entitle the toi\-n to an- 
other representative. There are also classed towns, and towns allowed by special act to send representatives. The Senate 
consists of 12 members, who must be 30 years old, inhabitants of the State for seven years, and seized of a frtehnld of 
$200 value within the State. Senatorial districts, 12 in number, shall be set off '• according to the proportion of public 
taxes paid by the said districts." In case of a vacancy in a senatorial district, one of the two candidates having most 
votes in the district shall be chosen by the legislature on joint ballot The legislature thus constituted meets on tho 1st 
Monday of June antmally. 

The Ej^ecutive Council consists of 5 councilors, and is elected annually by the people. Councilors must be 30 years of 
age, 7 years resident in the State, and poss'^ssed of an estate of $5il0, of which $300 shall be freehold. Vacancies are filled 
as in the Senate. The governor convenes the council, and their resolutions and advice are recorded in a public record, 
and signed by those agreeing thereto. 

The Governor shall have the qualific.itions of a councilor, except as to his estate, which shall be $300, one-half freehold. 
If there be no choice of governor by tlie people, one of the two highest candidates shall be chosen by the General Court 
on joint ballot. The governor may veto a bill, but Iwo-tbirds of both houses voting subsequently in favor of its passage, 
it becomes law neverllieless. "With the assistance of the council he shall nominate and appoint all judicial officers, tho 
Attorney-general, solicitors, sheriffs, ami registers of pmbate. The governor and council shall have a negative on each 
other, both in nominations and appointments. 

The Judiciary consists of tho Superior Court, Courts of Common Pleas, Courts of Probate, etc. The superior court 
consists of a chief-justice and four associate justices. At the session of the legislature in June, 1S51, provision was niado 

U3 S3T 



NEW HAMPSHIRE. 



for appniniing four circuit justices of common pletis; two only are now appointed. If a vacancy other than in the office 
of the chii'f-justice occurs in the superior court, it is not to be flllt'd, but an additional circuit justice of the common pleas 
is to be appointed until the whole number of four ia flUed up, and after that the superior court wiU consist of the chief- 
justice and two associate justices, any two of whom will be a quorum. Two terms of the superior court are held annually 
at Concord, on (he Sd Tuesdays of July and December, for the hearing and determining of questions of law and petitions 
for divorce fTom all tlie counties In the State. This court is also vested with chancery powers. At the trial of capital casea 
two justices of the superior court, or one justice of the superior court and one circuit judge are refjuired lo be present. 
The judges of Ihe superior court of judicature are ecoo^cto judges of the court of common pleas. This court, before which 
all actions for recovery of debts, enforcement of contracts, etc., and all jury trials are brought, consists of one of the justices 
of the superior court, or one of the circuit judges of the court of common pleas, and of any two county justices, who are 
generally appointed from among the yeomanry, whose principal duty it is to attend to the ordinary business of the county, 
its roads, expenses, etc. Terras of the common pleas are held semi-annually in each county. Grafton County is divided 
into two judicial districts, and terms are held semi-annually in each district. County treasurers and registers shall be 
elected by the counties. Justices of the peace are appointed for five years, with jurisdiction in cases below £-4. Clerks 
of courts shall be appointed by the courts. All judicial officers shall hold office during good behavior, or until 70 years of 
age, but are removable on address of both houses of the legislature. 
I^o person can hold any office of projxt or honor under this government imlesa hehe of the Pro^siant religion. 
Every seven years the peojile shall vote for or against amending the constitution, and if a majority of the voles be in 
favor thereof, the general court shall call a convention ; and if their amendments be approved by two-thirds of the votes 
when submitted to the people, they shall be adopted. 

The militia force of New Hampshire comprises 32,151 men of all arms, of which 1,S4S are commissioned officers, and 
S0,S03 non-commissioned officers, musicians, privates, etc. Of the commissioned officers 12 are general officer.-*, 51 
general staff-officers, 33G field officers, etc., and 949 company officers. There is a school of instruction for officers. Every 
white male between IS and 45 years of age, except such as the law excepts, is enrolled annually. Parades were abolished 
by the legislature in 1S50; but volunteer companies may remain organized, and new companies be formed, and each 
volunteer who has performed his duty acceptably shall receive $3 annually from the select-men of the town to which he 
belongs. The militia is organized in 4 divisions, S brigades, and 42 regiments. The governor is commander-in-chief 

The New Hampshire Asylum for the Insane, located at Concord, is a State institution. It is one of the most efficient 
establishments of the kind in the Union. Adjoining the asylum are more than 120 acres of valuable lands, well adapted 
to the wants of the institution, which is cultivated by the labor of the patients. The number of patients in the asylum 
Slst May, 1S49, was 144; admitted during the year following, 103; discharged during tlie year, 90; recovered. 45; par- 
tially recovered, 18 ; not relieved, 20, and died, 7. Eemaining under treatment 1st January, 1S50, 127, of which .5S were 
females. The sum of $1,600 was granted by the legislature June, 1950. for the relief of the indigent insane. The price 
of board, etc., for patients from this St^ite is $2 25 for the first 13 weeks, and $2 for all subsequent time. The blind are 
provided for in the Perkins Institution of Massachusetts, and the deaf and dumb in the American Asylum of Connecticut. 
Finances, Debts, etc. — The total receipts into the State treasury for the year ending 5th June, 1S50, was $172,050 55, 
and the expenditures for the same period, $167,011 63 — excess of receipts, $5,044 92. The chief sources of income were: 
balance in treasury 6th June, 1S49, $6,126 SO; railroad tax, $49,414 29; money borrowed, $51,400; civil commissions 
(fees), $175; State tax for 1S49 and previous years, $59,547 21; allowance by United States of Indian Stream claim, 
$5,362 56: and the principal objects of ex^iendilure were: salaries, executive and judicial, $19,01S 35; pay of council, 
$S65 40; pay of senate, $1,07S 50; pay of representatives, $20,127 40; money borrowed and repaid, $5S,145 83; State 
printing, $2,951 50; publishing laws, $3S0 50; New Hampshire Asylum for Insane (new building), $15,000; Perkins 
Institution, education of the blind, $750 ; American Asylum, education of deaf and dumb, $2,075 ; officers' school of 
instruction, $7,731 20. The state of the treasury on the 5th June, 1S50, was : total amount of available funds, $5,603 84 ; 
and total amount of indebtedness, $26,601 67 ; balance against the treasury, $2,997 81. The assessed value of real and 
personal property in the State in 1S50, was $92,177,953, and Ihe true or estimated value was $103,682,835. 

Federal Jieoresentatio}\. — New Hampshire, in accordance with the federal act of 23d May, 1850, sends three repre- 
Bcntatives to the Congress of the United States. 

Educatio7i. — The common schools of the State are under county commissioners, who form a board of education, and 
meet at Coucord on the third Wednesday in August annually. Their duly is to recommend such books as may appear 
to them most suitable to be used in the schools, and such methods of instruction, modes of government and discipline, aa 
may best promote the advancement of the schools. In each town is a superintending committee, which reports to the 
Secretary of the State by the first day of April, Ihe condition and progress of each school, and the secretary is requested 
to hand over the several returns so received to the Secretary of the Board of Education. Each county commissioner 
spends at least one day in each town of his county to promote the cause of education by addresses, etc., and he has also 
charge of any teachers' institute that may be held in his county. The office of State School Commissioner was abolished 
by the general court of 1850. The whole number of school districts reported June, 1850, was 2.167; average attendance 
in the winti.*r schools, 60,271, and in the summer schools, 46,225; average length of winttT schools, 9 4-5 weeks, and of 
summer schools, 9 2-5 weeks. Average monthly wages of male teachers, $14 73, and of female teachers, $6 21 ; number 
of male teachers in winter schools, 1.246, and of female teachers, 961 ; money raised by taxes for schools, $145,892 ; 
amount contributed in board and fuel, $9,738 ; income of local funds, $8,097 ; interest of literary fund, $10,700 ; amount 
for teachers and institutes, $1^020, being an aggregate of $174,517 raised for the district schools. The number of incor- 
porated academies in the State at the date referred to was 3S, and the whole number of pupils attending them. 2,261. 
Number of unincorporated academies, private schools, and schools kept to prolong common schools, 74, attended by an 
average of S,69S scholars. 

Dartmouth CoUege/is the only collegiate institution of the State; it was founded in 1769, and is located at Hanover. 
The academical faculty consists of a president and 10 professors, and in 1850 it had 3,710 alumni, of which about 800 were 
in the ministry, and 237 students. lis library contained nearly 25.000 voUimes. Tlie New Hampshire Medical College at 
the same place, founded 179S. is a department of Dartmouth, II has a president, six professors, and a demonstrator of 
anatomy, and in 1S50 had 45 students. Its gradu.ates of that date numbered 850. The Chandler School of Seionee and 
tlie Arts opened August, 1852, and, foun<ied on a donation of $50,000. bequeathed by the will of the lale Mr. Chandler, of 
Boston, is atlached to the Dartmouth College. There are in the State fnur theological schools: the New Hampton .Vcad- 
emical and Theological Institution, founded 1S25; the Methodist Geueral Biblical Institute, founded 1847, and located at 
533 



NEW HAMPSHIRE. 



Cimeord; the New Hampshire Conference Seminary at Nortlilield, and the Gilmanton Theological Seminary, founded 
In 1S35. 

Public Zilrariff.—One State library— 4,700 volumes ; 9 social— 13,873 volumes ; 1 Collofre— (5,400 volumes ; 5 students'— 
10,200 volumes; T professional and academic- 10,700 volumes; 2 scientifle and histciric.al— 2,800 volumes; 25 puhlic 
school — 2,.50O volumes ; total, ,50 libraries, and 5T,17S volumes. 

renaillml Press.— The whole number of periodii'als and newspapers puljlished in New Hampshire in ISliO, was 41— 
of which 10 were whig, and 10 democratic in poliliis, ami 21 nmitral. or devoted lo religion, science, literature, etc., in- 
cluding all the character of which hail not been ascertained ; and n{ the Avbole nundier 2 were published daily, ;J0 weekly, 
1 semi-monthly, and 2 monthly. The total circulation of the dailies was about 1,.5II0 copies at each issue; of the weeklies, 
68,420 ; of the semi-monthly, 600 ; and of the monlhly, 1,1.50 copies. The diiilifn were published at Manchester and 
I'orlsinoulh ; the vefklies, 1 each at Winchester. Lancaster, Mancliester (Coos co.), Lelianon. Haverhill, Peterboro', Nashua 
Village, Amherst, Exeter, Claremont, and Newport ; 2 each at Meredith Bridge, Nashua, and fireal Falls ; 3 each at Keene 
and Torlsmouth; 4 each at Manchester and Concord, and 5 at Dover; Ihe scmi-moitt/ih/ nt Concord; and the mr/nthltea at 
Hanover and Dover. 

ndi^i'ioiD* Vfnomiimtions. — The general statistics of the several religious denominations in the State, for the year 1350, 
were as follows: 



DeFniniin.a- No. (if 


Cl,..rdi 


Value f.r 


nen.imina. Ni.. of 


church 


Vnl.ie of 


Dendmitifi. Nn, (,r 


Cluirdi 


Value of 


1I...I,. Cliurdiea. 


acL-.ni. 


Prn|iertj'. 


tiotis. Cliurcl.es. 


accoin. 


Pr,.|,erlj. 


Xu'u^. Cl.ur.liea 


.nic'.in. 


Pr..|..Tly. 


Baptist ISO .. 


62.021 . 


. 1318,750 


German Eef. — . . 


— 


$- 


P.Calliolic. 2 .. 


1.4.--0 . . 


$20,000 


Clirisli.an 23 .. 


7,200 . 


. 80,.550 


.Jewish — . . 


— 


— 


Swedelibo'n. — .. 








Congregat'I..172 .. 


79,656 . 


. 527,340 


Lullieran ... — .. 


— . 


— 


Tunker — .. 


— 





Dutch lief. . . — . . 


— , 


— 


Meiinonile . . — . . 


— . 


— 


Union 32 . . 


10,4.50 . 


39,8.50 


Episcopal ... 11 .. 


4,425 . 


. 41,400 


MellKidist... 99 .. 


82,.S40 . 


175,250 


Unitarian.... 13 .. 


s,3sn . 


72,800 


Free 2.. 


750 . 


4,000 


Moravian ... — .. 


— 


_ 


Univcrealisl.. 80 .. 


14,2S0 . 


S3,100 


Friends 15 . . 


4,700 . 


. 15,200 


Presbyterian 13 . . 


6,500 . 


71,000 


Minor Sects. 4.. 


1,100 . 


8,000 



— inakina; a total of 602 clmrches, Imviiig aecommodalions for 233,392 persons, and value'l as property at ^1,401.586. New 
Hanijisliiro constitutes a diocese of the Protestant Episcopal Church, and a portion of the lioniau Catholic diocese of 
Boston. 

Pauperism and Crime. — Tlie whole niiinber of paupers who were relieved or supported in the; State during the year 
ending 1st June, 1S50, was 3,C00, of whom 2,S53 were native-born, and 747 foreign-born ; and tlie whole number of f>au- 
pers <tn the list at the date specified, was 2. 183, of whom 1,99S were native-bom, and 1S6 foreigners. Annual ecwt of sup- 
port, $157,351. The State Prison is located at Concord, and was first opened for the reception of conviets In IS12, from 
which jieriod to June, ISSO, there had l>een 790 commitments. "Whole number of inmates on 31st May, 1S49, eighiy-tito ; 
received in 1S49~50, thirt>/-shi^ ; and discharged, 27 ; leaving in prison 91 — SS males, and 3 females ; and of these 72 were 
conmiitted for offenses against property, 1 for arson, S fur rape, 2 for manslaughter, and 4 for murder. Expeudilure for 
the year, $7,509. 

The first setUements in New Hampshire were made by Gorges and Mason, two of the most active meml)ers of tho 
Plymouth Company. In 1621, Mason obtained a grant of all the lands between the Naumkeag and Mcrrimac. and in the 
next year another grant was made to Mason and Gorges of the country between tiic Merrimac and Sagadahoek, rivers. 
The first tract was named Mariana, and tlie latter Laconia. Designing to establish fisheries, they sent over in 1623 a 
colony — (me division of which lauded at Little IIarlx>r, on the southern shore of the Piscataqua, and the other settled at 
Dover. Other settlements were etreeleil on the coast both by the grantfrs under Mason, and by emigrants from Plymouth 
and Massachusetts. Fishing and trading being the sole objects of these parties, the settlements were slow in their pn^igress 
for many years. 

In 1629, Mason procured a further grant of the land between the Piscataqua and Merrimac, and extending GO miles into 
the country, and this he called New Hampshire. In 1631, a house, called the Great House, was built at Strawberry' Hill, 
now PorLimouth. In 1G3S, John Wheelwright, the brotlier of the celebrated Mrs. Hutchinson, banished iVoni Ma.ssachu- 
setts for his Antinomian principles, came with a number of his adherents to Squamscot Falls, where they founded 
llxeter. Here they combined, as a body politic, chose rulers and swore to obey them. Similar governmems were 
established by the colonists at Dover and Strawberry Hill. All these petty establishments, however, placed themsi'lves 
under the projection of Massachusetts in 1641, and were governed as a part of that colony until 16S0, the year previous to 
which a decree was passed constituting New Hampshire a separate province. A president and council won- now 
appointed by the crown, and a house of representatives elected by the people. The first assembly, consisting of eleven 
persons, met at Portsmouth the same year. At this session a code of laws were enacted, of which the first declared, " Ttiat 
no act, imposition, law, or ordnance sliould be imposed upon the inhabitants of the province, but such as shoubi be made 
by tlie assembly, and approved by the president and council." From 167.5, to the accession of James 11., the colony was 
much disturbed by contentions between tlie heirs of Mason and the holders of land ; nor was it, indeed, until 1747, that 
peace was secured — in that year all claims having been purchased by the government. These contentions retarded 
greatly the progress of the colony, and were a main source of the grievances which alienated the public affections from 
llip mother country. 

On the accession of James to the English throne, new schemes of oppression were meditated for the colonies, and every 
vestige of liberty was to be entsed. In 16S6, Sir Edmond Amlros arrived at Boston, commissioned as Governor in Chief 
over all New England, and authorized with his council to make such laws and impose such taxes as he thought proper. 
New Hampshire had already declared her will, which was offensive to the governing powers, and, like her sisli-r colonies, 
became a prey to his tyranny— the press was shackled, liberty of conscience invaded, and oppressive taxes imposed, and, 
to prevent complaints being heard, no person was allowed to leave the country without express license. This state of 
things <'oiitinued until the Uevolulion in England, when Andros was seized by the people ami sent home a prisoner. 

Ni-w Hampshire being now without a government, the people determined to return to their ancient connection with 
Massachusetts. This union only lasted three years, a separation having been determined on and eflected by the English 
authoritiea. 

New Hampshire was, perhaps, of all the colonies, tho one that suffered most from Indian hostilities. From her earliest 
Betllenient her progress was retarded bv savage inroad, nor did the Indian cease from his forays until the reduction of 

639 



NEW 



NEW 



Quebec. In Ihe twelve years of peace that followed, New Hampshire increased wonderfully in population and wealth. 
Her settlement.^ extended further west than the orii^inal limits prescribed by the patents, and until lllM it was supp'i^ed 
Ihul the territory which now form.s the State of Vermont was part of the province, and grants were accordingly made by 
the authorities in that direction. The district, however, was allotted to New York, and a ve.valious controversy ensued, 
whieli continuetl until the independence of Vermont was acknowledged in 1790. During the contest many towns lying 
near the Connecticut attached themselves to the Vermontesc, but in the end returned to their former allegiance. 

Tlie State bore an active and honorable part in the war of the Revolution. On the arrival of news of the battle of 
Lexington, 1,'200 men marched to the assistance of their brethren at Boston. The royal governors were obliged to seek 
safety in flight, and a temporary government was established. In 1792, a permanent constitution was formed. 

The present prosperous condition of the State may be attributed to the unswerving patriotism and virtues which have 
ever distinguished its people. Still there are many points in the institutions of New Hampshire which savor of intoler- 
ance and bigotry, and of these none stand so prominently pre-eminent as the Protestant clauses of the Constitution, and 
the virtual exclusion of the moneyless man from the higher offices of Slate. A closer contact with the neighboring Suites, 
which the railroad system of the country will now insure, must, however, at no <lislant day, liberaluie the views of the 
people, and cfTect all desirable reforms. The provisions of the rejected constitution of 1S50 would have done much toward 
this end had it been approved, and all cause of reproach would have hence been removed. Tlie document referred to, 
imlccd, is a sufflcient indication that no little progress has been effected, and that New Hampshire has sons who t.no\v 
how .and arc willing to redeem her from the anliqu.ated errors that envelop her government policy. 

CoxcoKD, on the Merrimac river, is the political capit,al of the State. 



New Hampton, t. and p. v., Belknap co., K. Tlamp. : on 
E. side of Pemigewassett r., 80 m. N. by W. Concord. Sur- 
face uneven ; soil remarkably fertile. The Boston, Concord, 
and Montreal K. E. passes through the N. E. part of the t. 
"The New Hampton Academy and Theological Institu- 
tion" is one of the best seminaries in the State. The theo- 
logical department was estjiblished in lS-25, and in 1S50 had 
2 professors, 36 students, and 2,000 volumes in library. Pop. 
of 1 1,612. 

New Hampton, p. t. and sta., Hunterdon co., X. Jer. : 
on E. side of Musconctong er., 86 m. N. N. W. Trenton, and 
by the New Jersey Central E. E., 05 m. from New York. 

New IlisieToN, p. v.. Orange CO., N. Y.: on W. bank of 
the Wallliill, 90 m. S. S. W. Albany ; is a station on the Erie 
K. E., 1i m. from New York. 

New HiSovzR county, N. Car. Situate S. E., and con- 
tains 993 sq. m. Drained by N. E. branch of Cape Fear r. 
anil its tributaries. Surface level and low, a large part being 
swamps in the E. section of the co. ; soil, where not too wet 
for cultivation, is fertile. Staples, rice, cotton, and Indian 
corn. Excellent grazing land is gained by the draining of 
the swamps. On the Atlantic shore, which bounds it ou the 
S. E. .are long narrow islands, the land lying low, and hav- 
ing inlets to the inner basin. Farms 559 ; manuf. ISO ; 
dwell. 1,S84, and pop.-wh. 8,190, fr. col. 897, .si. 8.5S7— tot:il 
1T,06S. Ca/)/(i'(.- Wilmington. Public U'orfe.- Wilmington 
and Weldon It. E. ; Wilmington and Manchester E. E. 

New IIaxover, t. and p. v., Montgomery co., Pcnn.: 
70 m. E. E:u-risburg. Drained by Swamp cr. Surface un- 
even; soil red shale and loam, Ujler.ably productive. The 
V. is on Swamp cr., where are several mills. 

New IIaemony, t and p. v.. Posey Co., Ind. : on E. bank 
of Wabash r., 143 m. S. W. by S. Indianapolis. This t is 
remarkable for its history as the theatre of two " social com- 
munities." In 1314 a society of Germans, under the direc- 
tion of George Kapp, removed here from Butler co., Penn., 
where they had first settled upon their arrival from Europe. 
Here they purchased about 17,000 acres of land of excellent 
quality, which they cleared, planted, and finely cultivated, 
oreefiug good houses, churches, etc. They lived and labored 
in common until 1824, when they sold their settlement to 
Robert Owen, and moved to their present settlement at 
Economy, Beaver co., Pijnn. The eomnnmily of Itobert 
Owen was for a time very large, but ultimately became dis- 
conlant, and broke up as a ( iplete failure. 

New Hakeisbueo, p. v.,Carroll co., O;iio;102m.E.N.E. 
Columbu.s. 

New llABTTOKn, t and p. o., Litchfield co., Conn. : IS m. 
W. by N. Hartford, 39 m. N. by W. New Haven. Surface 
hilly ; soil gravelly loam. Drained by head branches of 
Farmington r. ; contains several factories. Pop. 2,l'iG3. 

New Haiotobd, p. v., Pilic CO., ///. : OT m. W. by S. 
Bpringfleld. 
640 



New Haktpord, t. and p. v., Oneida CO., Nl Y. : 86 m. 
W. N. W. Albany. Surl'ace of I. diversified ; soil rich, cal- 
careous loam, very fertile, and well cultivated. Drained by 
Sadaquada cr., which aflbrds extensive water-power to nu- 
merous factories. Two cotton factories of the v. are very 
extensive. Pop. of t 4,847. 

New Haktpord Centre, p. v., Litehfleld county, Conn. : 
19 m. W. by N. Hartford, 89 m. N. by W. New Haven. 
Drained by Farmington r. ; contains several factories. 

New Haven county, Conn. Situate S., and contains 545 
sq. m. Drained by Naugaluek, Pomperaug, Qainnepac, 
Mill, West, and Menunkatuek rivers. Surface uneven ; soil 
varied, in some parts being strong and very productive, and 
in others consisting of a light sandy loam, and less fertile. 
Farms 2.794 ; manuf. 521 ; dwell. 10,204, and pop.— wh. 
60,730, fr. col. 1,396— total 62,126. Cuidtul: New Haven. 
Public Works: New Haven, Hartford, and Springfield 
E. E. ; New Haven and Northampton E. E. ; Naugatiick 
E. E. ; New York anri Boston (air line) E. E. ; New lla\en 
an<l New York It. E. ; New Haven and New London 
E. E., etc. 

New Haven, t.,p. city, port of entry, and cap. New Haven 
CO., Conn.; one of tlie capitals of Connecticut, is situated at 
the head of New Haven P.ay, which sets up N. 4 m. from 
Long Island Sound. Lat N. 41° IS' 23", long. W. from 
Greenwich 72° 56' 45", and E. from Washington 4° 5' 15". 
It is 30 m. S. S. W. Harlford, tlie other capital of the St;vte ; 
from Boston by E. E. 160 m. ; from New York 76 m. ; from 
Washington 223 m. New Haven colony was settled in 
April, 1638; the city incorporated in 1784. The cily is on 
a large and beautiful plain, slightly inclined to the water, 
surrounded on three sides by hills, the termination of the 
western trap range, of which the extreme poinljs, called 
East and West Eocks, arc very bold, rocky eminences— the 
former 870, the latter 400 feet high; these are rude, baro 
trap rocks, of light-red color, with nearly perpendicular 
fronts, the most notable natural objects in the vicinity, and 
much visited in summer by citizens and strangers to enjoy 
the delightful prospect which they afi'ord of the city, bay, 
and Sound. New Haven (city) occupies about 6 sq. m., iind 
is very regularly laid out The streets are so generally lined 
with noble elms th.at the city is called -'the City of Elms." 
The central square, a public park, is bordered and crossed 
with numerous rows of elms, and is considered the finest 
public ground in the United States. The "Temple-street 
row of elms" is not surpassed for beauty in the world. In 
this square are 3 line churches, the State House, an elegant 
edifice of Grecian architecture, built of brick, painted white, 
and the monument to Colonel Dixwell. one of the regiciiles, 
erected in 1849. The profusion of foliage, the fine and 
cleanly streets, with the rural appearance of many houses, 
surrounded by trees, shrubbery, and gardens, which ehar- 
tictcrlze this city, combine in it the atti'actions of both cily 



NEW 



NEW 



and c.'unlry. The clmrc-hes, 22 in number, are handsome 
stniL-Iures. Of these, 8 are Congrcgalional, 4 Episcopal, 4 
Mrthndist, 2 Baptis^U 2 Catholic, 1 Univeraalist, 1 Jewish 
Syn.iicopiie. The eemetery, in the N. E.parl of co., is beau- 
tifully laid out, has an imixislng entrance of freestone, in 
Egjptian architecture, and surrnun<U-d by hi!;:h and massive 
u-on Il-noc and st<ine wall. Here are interred the remains 
of Eli Whitney, Noah Webster, Kev. J. Ashmun, Colonel 
lliiniphrey. imd many other eminent men. The hl-w cem- 
etery, and Wooster Square, are- tlno grounds, well laid out. 
The State Hospital, founded in 1S32, is a substantial stone 
edifice, on elevated ground. The new E. 11. Station-house 
18 one of the finest structures of the kind in the United 
State?*. A few of the manufactories are very extensive, pnr- 
tii-ularly those of carria^ces and clocks. There are 4 banks, 
with a capital of $1.9ST,025. The taxable property in ISol 
was a.ssessed at $l'_>,T'Jii.'.m. Tlirec newspapers are pub- 
lished daily, publishing, also, tri-weekly and weekly edi- 
tions : ''Journal and Courier" (whig), "Palladium" (whig), 
"Columbian Eegister"' (dem.), two riuarterlies, "New En- 
glander"' (Cong.), and "Church Keview" (Epiac.) Tlie 
'* American Journal of Science," commenced in 1S19 by 
Professor Silliman, now publishcl bi-monthly, ranks with 
the ablest scientific journals in Europe. " The Yale Literary- 
ilagiizino" is published by the studenis raonildy. 

Yiii-i' College. — Thia noble institution (the third college 
estaldished in United States), founded in 1700, and renio\ed 
here in 1717, is, next to Harvard College, the i^rincipal uni- 
versity in America. At present, and fur a number of years 
past, it has had a larger number of students in the collegiate 
course than any other. Total number of alumni in 1^511, 
5.t):.i2, of whom 1,5S7 had entered the ministry; instructors, 
22; students, 4;32; volumes in library, 51,000; commence- 
ment, last Thursday in July. The edifices present a fine 
apl)earance, fronting the public green. In the front range 
are five large brick edifices, four stories high, occupied by 
students ; three buildings, having cupolas, between the col- 
lege halls, are used as chapel, recitation rooms, etc. In 
the rear are the library buildings, mineralogical cabinet, 
Truud>vdl Gallery, etc. ; the former are fine edifices of brown 
freestone, of Gothic architecture, divided into five separate 
fire-proof compartments. Tiie central edifice, 151 feet long, 
contains the college library ; the others contain libraries of 
societies of students. The cabinet of minerals and geolog- 
ical specimens is the most valuable in the United Slates, 
and surpassed by only two in Europe. The Trumbull Galle- 
ry.erectedls;?!, contains the splenilid collection of paintings 
of Col. John Trumbull, consisting ofeight historical paintings 
from subjects founded on the American devolution, and 
about2.;l<i portraits ofdislinguished persnns. With the cdk-ge 
proper are associated four professional schools, viz., of med- 
icine, law, theology, and scientific department. The Med- 
ical College, founded in 1SI3, has a fine edifice, valuable 
anatomical museum. G professors, 33 students. 595 graduates. 
The Theological Department, established 1>22. has 3 pro- 
fessors, 35 students, 021 graduates. 900 volumes in library. 
Law School, 2 professors, 20 students. Scientific School, 2 
professors, 80 students. Besides Yale College, Xew Haven 
has many seminaries, male and female, of high reputation, 
various learned societies, and two popular lyceums, having 
libraries, reading-rooms, etc. 

Commerce. — The harbor is spacious but shallow, and 
gradually filling up. It receives three rivers, Quirmipiac 
and Mill r. (ui the E., and West r. on the W. To accom- 
modate large vessels, a wharf, called "Long Wliarf," was 
constructed many years since. The filling up of the harbor 
has several times required its extension ; it is now nearly a 
mile in length, the li»ngest in the United States. New 
Haven has a larger commerce with foreign countries than 
any other port in the State, and an extensive coasting trade. 
Its fisheries in oysters, clams, etc., are extensive and valua- 
ble. Tlie tot.al tonnage of New Haven ilistriet, on ."JOth 
June, 1^0, was 15,731 tons, of which 4,995 tons were regis- 



tered ■' i)ermanent," and 10,730 tons were enrolled and 
licensed. Of the latter 10,440 tons were en)])loyed in the 
coasting trade, and 2,56S tons were propelled by steam. 
During tlie year ending 30th June, 1S50, the total of clear- 
ances was 72—13,400 Ions, men in crews, 591; number of 
entrances, S9— 1G,177 tons, men in crews, 695. Vessels built 
during the year, 12 — 1.110 tons. A passenger steamboat 
plies daily to New York. Four important raiiroadu nitw 
terminate at Ni-w Haven, and connect at the main station: 
lo New York. 76 m. ; to Springfield, 62 m. ; to New London, 
50 m. ; to TarifTville, 45 m., which will be continued to North- 
amplnii. To these will he added the direct linotAi Boston, via 
Middletown. Pop. of city in 1^30, 10,1^0; in lsl<', 12.900; in 
1S50, 20,345. Pop. of city and t. in 1S40, 14,890 ; in 1S50, 22,539. 

New Haven, p. v., Gallatin co,, J I!.: on the S. W. side 
of Little Wabash r., 2 m. above its entrance into the Wa- 
bash river, and 153 m. S. S. E. Springllt-ld. It has several 
stores, and is surrounded by a vtry fertile Country. 

New Haven, p. o., Allen county, Jnd.: loO m. N. N. E. 
Indianapolis. 

New Haven, p. v.. Nelson co., JCi/. : on the Rolling Fork 
of Salt r., 54 m. S. W. Frankfort. Near the v. is the large 
"Abbey of La Trappe," established in Isl"^ from Nauies, 
France. The c<mimunity now nuuiber 62 religious. The 
farm embraces 1,400 acres. 

New Haven, p. o., Macomb county, Mich. : SO m. E, 
Lansing. 

New Haven, t. antl p. v., Oswego co., N. Y.: 145 m. 
"W. N. W. All>any. Surface of t, undulating; .soil sandy 
loam. Drained by Catfish cr., flowing into Lake Outario. 
Pop. 2,015. 

New Haven,!., p. o., and sla., Huron co., Oliio: 74 ni. 
N. by E. Columbus. Drainetl by head branches of Hun .a 
river. Sfati-m on the Sandusky and Majisfleld E. K., 34 m. 
S. Sandusky. Pop. 1,39?. 

New Haven, t., p. o., and sta., Addison co., Ferm.; 30 m. 
W. S. W. Montpelier, on Paitland and Burlington P. P.. 
26 m. from Burlington. Draine<l by Utter cr.and branches, 
whitdi furnish water-power. Here are quarries of excellent 
marble. Pop. 1,063. 

New Haven Mills, p. o., Addison county, r»?/"MJ. ; on N. 
bank of branch of Otter cr.. 2S m. S. W. by W. Montpelier. 

New Hebron, p. o., Crawford co., 111.: 115 m. E. S. E. 
Springfield. 

New Holland, p. v., Pickaway co., Ohio : 32 m. S. S. W 
Columbus. 

New Hollaxd, p. v., Lancaster co., Penn. : 42 m. E. by S. 
Harrist)urg. 

New Holeanp, p. v., Wabash co., /;«/. ; on S. bank of 
Salamonie r., 73 m. N. N. K. Indianapolis. 

New IIoLSTEiN, t. and p. o., Calumet co., Wiic: 90 m. 
N. E. Madison. Drained by brauidies of South and She- 
boygan rivers. 

New Hoi'E, p. v., Madison co., Ala.: on the W. side of 
Paint Pock r., 144 m. N. Montgomery. 

New Hope. p. o., Nelson co., Ay. ; 43 m. S. W. Frankfort. 

New Hui'E, p. o., Spencer county, Ind. : 120 m. S. by W. 
Indianapolis. 

New Hoi-e, Lincoln co., Mo. : 129 m. E. N- E. JetTerson 
City. 

New Hope, p. v.. Iredell co.. X. Car. : on the S. side of 
Eoek er. of Yadkin r., 125 m. W. Raleigh. 

New Hope, p. o., Tishemingo co., J//*s. .' 192 m. N. N. E 
Jackson. 

New Hope, p. v.. Brown co., Ohio ; on E. I'ank of White 
Oak cr.. SO m. S. W. by S. Columbus. Poi.. litO. 

New Hope. p. v., Bucks co., /Vh». ; on W. side of Itela- 
warc r., KH m. E. Harrisburg. At this piai-e Delaware r. is 
crossed by a fine covered Iiridge, supported by nine piers. 
This is n flouri>hing village, with numerous stores and 
mamifactfirics. 

New Hope. p. o.. Spartanburg district. S. Car.: S5 ra. 
N. W. bv N. Columbia. 

541 



NEW- 



NEW 



New Hope, p. v., Caroline co., 3rd.: 30 m. E. Aniuipolis. 

Kew Hope, p. v., Augusta county, Virg.: on creek of 
Shenandoah r., 87 m. W. N. W. Uichmond. 

New HoL-bE, p. o., Tork diaU, S. du'.: 73 m. N. by W. 
Columbia. 

.New Hudson, U and p. o., AllcKhany co., K. Y. : 239 m. 
"W'. by S. Albany. Surface undulating; soil good for grass. 
Drained by Black cr., etc. Pop. 1,435. 

New Hukley, p. o., Ulster co., X. Y. ; on E. side of the 
Wallkill, on a branch, 7G ni. S. by W. Albany. 

New Iberia, p. v., St. Miirlin's par., La. : on 'W. side of 
Bayou Toche, -iS m. S. W. Baton Kougc. 

New Inlet, N. Cat: : the passage between Federal Point 
and Smith's Island, 25 m. S. Wilmington. 

Newisgton, p. o. and sta., Uarltbrd co., Conn.: 5 m. 



S. W. by S. Hartford, on Hartford and New Haven K. P., 
and Hartford and Fi^likill li. li. The inbabitanta are 
chiefly engaged in agriculture. 

Newinoton, t. and p. o., Kockingham co., JVI Jlump.: 
on Piscataqua r., bounded W. by Gr^-at Bay, 85 m. E. S. E. 
Concord. The soil is sandy and uuproductivc, except on 
the streams. Pop. 472. 

New Ipswicu, t. and p. v., Ilillsboro' county, JV! Uamp. : 
37 m. S. W. by S. Concord. Drained by Soubegan r. and 
branches ; soil fertile. There are several cotton factories in 
this I. ; the first was erected in 1S03. The academy in the v* 
was incorporated in 17S9, and has educated many distin- 
guished men; 1 bank, cap. $iOO,OOa Pop. of t. 1,S77. 

New Jaspeb, p. o., Greene county, Ohio: 50 m. W. S. W. 
Columbus. 



THE STATE OF NEW JERSEY. 

New Jersey lies between 3S0 53' and 41° 21' latitudes north, and between 73* 5S' and 75^ 29' longitudes west from 
Greenwich, or 1^ 33' and 3*3 04' east from "Washington. It is bounded on the north by New York ; on the cast by New 
York, from which it is here separated by the Hudson River and the Atlantic Ocean ; on Iho south by the Atlantic Ocean 
and Delaware Bay, the latter dividing it from the State of Delaware, and on the west by the Delaware River, which 
separates it from Pennsylvania. The State is almost encircled by water, the Hudson River, the Atlantic Ocean, and 
Delaware Bay and River, surrounding it, except on the north, where its boundary is a conventional line running north- 
west from a point on the Hudson River, in lal. 41^ N. to the Delaware River, which it strikes in lat 41° 21'. It greatest 
length from Cape May to Carpenter's Point is 167 miles, and its breadth varies from 40 to 96 miles, being narrowest in 
Uie centre. The superficies of , the State is 8,320 square miles. 

The north-western part of the State is billy, rather than mountainous, being traversed by the prolongation of several 
mountain ridges from Pennsylvania. These iiills nowhere rise to a great height, but they abound in bold and varied 
scenery, and are interspersed with fertile and pleasant valleys, comprising some of the finest lands in the Union. Schooley'a 
Mountain, the most prominent of these elevations, is much resorted to in summer, on account of the salubrious effect of 
its atmosphere, and for the purpose of using its mineral waters, which possess medicinal properties. 

The eastern line of the State is formed by a bold ridge of trap rock, called the Palisades, or Cloister Hill, wbicb, presenting 
a precipitous wall to the river at several places, as atWcebawken, 200 feet in height, gives an air of picturesque wildness 
to the scenery. This wall of rock extends about 20 miles along the shore, and forms one of the principal objects which 
distinguish the noljle panorama of the Hudson River, and many historical recollections and national traditions ara 
connected with its localities. 

The southern part of the State, from Earitan Bay and Trenton to Cape May, consists of a great sandy plain, nowhere 
rising more than 60 feet above the sea, except at the Navesink Hills, which, although only 300 feet high, form a prominent 
object on the general level. 

Frnni the low projecting sand-bank, called Sandy Hook, opposite the Narrows, to the similarly formed point of Cape 
May, the whole eastern coast consists of a long line of sandy beaches, here and there interrupted by inlets, and inclosing 
narrow, shallow lagoons, behind which extends for several miles inland a low marshy tract This coast is constantly 
changing— several old inlets having been closed, and new ones opened since the settlement of the country; and ln-ing 
exposed to the heavy surf of the Atlantic, and affording no efficient harbors, it has been the scene of many dreadful 
shipwrecks. Barnegat, Great Egg Harbor, and Little Egg Harbor inlets, are the principal points of access to the inland 
waters. The south-western coast on Delaware Bay consists chiefly of a strip of salt marsh, which gradually terminates in 
the predominating sandy plain. On the shores of the Delaware River the land is more elevated, the line being intersected 
by the mountain ridges tending eastward from the State of Pennsylvania, and over a ledge of which, crossing the Delaware 
River, the Fulls of Trenton leap. 

The rivers of New Jersey are better adapted for economical purposes than for navigation. None of them admit of the 
passage of ships of a large size. The Haekcnsack and the P:issaie fall into Newark Bay. The former, which rises in 
New York, near the line of this Slate, is navigable for sloops to Ilackensack village, 15 miles from its moutli, and the 
latter, which rises in Morris County, after receiving several considerable streams from the north-west and south, has a fall 
of 72 fi'cl at Paterson. The great falls of the Passaic are surrounded by a scene of wild beauty, but much of their natural 
magnififence has been destroyed by turning their waters for mill purposes, and it is now only in time of flood that their 
normal grandeur is recognized. From these falls the course of the river is south, and it is navigable for small vessels from 
Aquackannock to its confluence with the Bay, a distance of 12 miles. About 5 or six miles above Paterson, the river has 
another descent ()f 51 feet, by two leaps, and a rocky rapid in the distance of half a mile — these descents are called the 
Little Falls of the Passaic. The Raritan, which is navigable for small craft to New Brunswick, 17 miles up, rises to the 
south of the hills; and liaving collected the waters of its several tributaries, it takes a course eastward, almost across the 
State, and falls into Raritan Bay, opposite tlie southern point of Staten Island. The principal streams in the southern 
part of the State are Great an<l Little Egg Harbor rivers, which admit of sloop navigation for ahont 20 miles inland, and 
Maurice River, which foils into Delaware Bay. The streams emptying into the Delaware River are numerous, but not 
navigable. 

Altliough the State is bounded on three sides by navigable waters, it possesses few harbors. The sea-coast and shores 
of Delaware Bay present many inlets and coves, but none frequented by large shipping. Raritan Bay, between Sandy 
Hook and Staten Island, affords a ready communication from Amboy, the principal sea-port of the State, to the ocean. 
Newark Bay, to the mouth of Staten Island, has navigable communications through the " Kills," narrow straits, with New 
Tork Bay and Raritan Bay. Delaware Bay washes the soulh-western shore. The southern extremity of the State is 
Cape May, the northern point of the entrance from ihe ocean into Delaware Bay. Sandy Hook, the southern cape of 
Raritan Bay. is a low, sandy island, about three miles in length, and is constantly extending by the accumulation of sand 
and other rk-bris, an<l thus is always influencing and changing the currents to and from the Bay of New York. 
542 



NEW JERSEY. 



The geological struelure of New Jersey has been explored by scientific men, and many of ihe mogt useful minerals have 
been found embedded in its bills. All the rocks referable to the primitive, secondary, and transition eras exist ; gneiss 
sienite, graywacke, and graywacke slate, calcareous rocks, etc., are the princif)!d formations in the northern region, and 
contain vast masses of metals and metallic oxides. Iron in all its forms occurs abundantly, and copper, wliich appears 
in the secondary formations, ie also found in considerable quantities. Nearly a ceulur}' ago, several limips of virgin copper 
■^ere ploughed up near New Brunswick, and a mine, near Belleville, on the Passaic, was discovered as early as 1T19. 
There are many veins hi the latter widch might be worked with profit, and It is said that these mines contain a good 
quantity of silver ore. There is still anollier mine north of Somcrville. which contains, acct»rding to Dr. Torrey, a native 
copper, carbonate and jihosphate of copper, green and red oxide of copper, native silver, green quartz, chrysophase, 
phrenite. etc. In the mountain section, which exten<Is in brcadlli varjing from 15 to 35 miles in right angles, with the 
general course of the mountains, the geological formations are strongly blended. Kocks of a pretty uniform character, 
however, are found in the primitive ridges, but they are of a coarse and uneven texture, and surface aggregated with 
crystals of quartz and felspar, t^omeliniestliey contain shorl. garrietsi, hornblende, epodite, and mica. Granite, gneiss and 
sienite are formed In this section by the blending and combination of these materials ; and at some points the primitive 
greenstone is seen. The richest and most productive iron mines are also found here ; some of the beds arc from 8 to 13 
feet in thickness. There is als<> f mnd here large quantities of grai>hite. Black mica is found on the !!amapo Uiver, near 
the Monroe works, and highly tnagtielic iron ore- in Sehoolcy's and Musconetong mounfjiins. Wallkill Valley, west of 
the Hamburg Mountains, is noted fur the number and variety of its minerals. The l)oltom of the valley rests on white 
chrystaline limestone and marble. The first bed of minerals, which is at Fr.ankliu Furnace, appears like a black 
mountain mass, but it contains iron ore, very little magnetic, and, as a new metallic combinatioo. it lias received the name 
of " Fraiiklinitc." It is composed of 00 per cent, of iron, 16 of zinc, and 17 of red oxide of manganese. This ore is not 
only irreducible to iron, but it obstructs tlie fusion of other ores. Large masses of this mineral are also found at Sterling. 
In Scliol's Mountain, capacious mines of magnetic iron ore are worked, and the same exists plentifully through the whole 
primitive region. At Mendham a beautiful marble is found, which is capable of being highly polished, and is suitable for 
ornamental architecture, resembling much in its appearance the marble of Florence. 

The recently discovered zinc mines of Sussex County are among the most valuable of the world, and are now being 
successfully worked by the New -Tersey Exploring and Mining Company. The principal mines are at Sterling Hill, on 
the westerly side of Wallkill. Fctliated, or lamellar zinc, which has hitherto been considered a rare production and 
highly prized for cabinet eolleetions, is abundant in these mines, and in one instance a mass weighing iivcr l,2uo pounds, 
seven-tenths of wliich was foliated, was excavated. The ore, however, is chiefly in the form of red oxide associated 
with iron and manganese, neither of which being volatile leave a very line metal on reduction. The zinc ores of Kurnpo 
are either carbonates or sulphurets, ami in many instances are mechanically combined with galena, arsenic, and anti- 
mony, volatile metals which deteriorate the chemical purity of the fused metal. The company working these mines is 
at the present time confining its operations to the manufacture of zinc paint, and for this purpose have erei'ted extensive 
works at Newark. This paint is said to be more durable and less liable to injure the health than the paints having the 
"oxides of lead for their bases. 

The soils of New Jersey vaiy materially with the topography of the country. The mountain .section is principally in 
its natural slate, only now and then a cuUivatcd farm being seen on the hill-sides. Tlie soil best adaj)ted for agricultural 
purposes is found in the alluvial valleys, in which every description of farm vegetable is successfully cultivated. Tho 
sandy plain in the south is not unfruitful, but the soil requires some consideraI>le preparation to render it i)ri>fitable to 
industry. Clay and marl abound in some district-s and are eminently useful to the farmers as manures for the more 
sterile soils. The vegetation of New Jersey is similar to that of the central region of the United Slates generally : on the 
mountains are found the oak, pine, and other forest trees, which in many instances occupy large tracts, in which the deer, 
bear, wolf, and most of the wild animals indigenous to that region still roam. Ahumlance of stunted oaks and other 
trees cover the southern plain, and these, though useless for building purposes, have been found a valuable resource for 
steamboats and for consumption at the glass-houses which have been established in lliis region. The middle section is 
the most highly improved and wealthy part of the State. The apples and cider of tliis .section are as noted for their 
superior quality as the i)eaches of the southern section, and these find a ready market in New York and Philadelphia. 
The climate of New Jersey is in many resiiectssimihar to that of Southern New York, but is much influenced I>y locality 
and elcvatirm: in tlie north, where the hills are higJu^st, it is nuich cooler than in the south, wliere the influence of the 
ocean is most I'llt, and where a low situation and reflecting saTids aceunuilate heat in the superincumbent atmosphere. 
lu those parts where the mephilic vapors of the swan)])S taint the air witli their poison, agues and fevers of a malignant 
type prevail, but generally the State, especially in the higher lands, is very salubrious, and at Shrewsbury, on the eastern 
coast, and at Cape May in the summer season invalids and pleasure-seekers find a balmy retreat, in which they may enjoy 
all the luxuries and benefits of country retirement and refined society. 

The earliest estimate of the inhabitants of New Jersey was that of ITOl, when the number was stated at 15.000 ; in 
1760, it had increased to 60,000, and on the taking of the first United States census in 17£I0, it amounted to 1S4.13!}. 
From the latter period to 1S40, its decennial rate of increase was very equal, having generally not varietl nuicli from 15 
per cent.; but from IS-tO to 1S50, this rate hx-i been doubled, most probably a result attributable to the influx of people 
from New York and Philadelphia, who, while doing business in those cities have their families residing on their ojiposite 
shores, and perhaps in some measure to the immigration of persons engaged in the manufactories and mines, which of 
late years have attracted the attention of capital in a greater degree than formerly. The general movement of the 
population will exhibit the results more definitely, and are as exhibited in the subjoined table : 









Colored Persons. 






rierenjiiiil IrnTc.i'e. 


















IVnrs. 


IVrv,.,., 


Frr-e 


.'JIave. 


T.ilal. 


Fo|iiihition. 


Nun.cnial. 


J'er cent. 


1790 .... 


. . . . lf.9.054 . . . . 


.... 2.762. 


....11,423.... 


.14,1S5 ..., 


1<4.139 


— ... 


— 


isno .... 


.... W^,Vl'> .... 


.... 4.402. 


....12,422... 


.lG,S-24 . . . 


211.949 .... 


27.S10 .... 


. . . 1.5.1 


ISIO .... 


... .226,501 .... 


.... 7,SJ3. 


....10,S51.... 


.18,094 ... 


24."),.')5.5 


. . . . 8.).60(; .... 


... 1.5.9 


1820.... 


. . . . 2.57,409 . . . . 


....12,IM9. 


.... 7,557.... 


.20,106 ... 


277,.57.5 .... 


.... S2.020 .... 


, . . . 13.0 


1S30.... 


....300,466.... 


....IS.10.3. 


.... 2,2.54.... 


.2n,.357 ... 


32I1.V23 


. . . . 4:!,2JS .... 


,... 1.5.5 


IMO .... 


....851,5&S.... 


....21,044. 


.... 074.... 


.21.715 ... 


373,300 .... 


. . . . .')2.453 . . . , 


, ... 16.3 


1S50.... 


....466,240 .... 


2:3,093. 


222 . . . , 


,.23,315 ... 


4s9,555 .... 


.... 116,249 .... 


.... 31.1 
M3 



NEW JERSEY. 



Dwell. Pop. 

. 1,5S1.. S,961 

. 2,000.. 14,725 

, 7,850. .4.5,203, 

. 1,21S.. 6,4.33 

, 4,030.. 25,423, 
3,2S1. .17,189. 

Essex 10,904. .73,950. .1,745. .830, 

Gloucester 2,000.. 14,655.. 954.. 141, 

Hudson 2,SC1.. 21,821.. 254.. 52, 

Hunterdon. . . . 5,107. .2S,9S9. .2,436. .309, 



Atlantic 

Bergen 

Burlington... 
Cape M;iy.... 

Canulen 

Cumberland.. 



.1,123. 
.1,033. 
. 2S5. 
. 731. 

. SS4. 



Capitals, 

.May's Landing 

.llacken.'»ack 

.Mount Holly 

.CapeM.ay C. H. 

. Camden 

.Bridgeton 

.Newark 

. Woodbury 

.Bergen 

.Flemington 



Dwell. 



f^'P' i„cult. E»t,,b. Capitals. 

4,624. .27,993. .1,051. .191. .Tkextos 
4,057. .23,035. .1,523. .190. .New Brunswick 
6,1,55. .80,313. .2,014. .377. .Freehold 
5,076. .80,159.. 1,843. .242. 
52. 
.247. 
.142. 
.1.37. 



.MorrisIo\rn 
..Tom's River V. 

. Paterson 

.Salem 

.Somerville 
.134. .Newton 
.341..Belvidere 



New Jersey is divided into 20 counties, the general statistics of which and the capitals of each, in 1S50, were as follows : 

Farms Manuf. 
iti cult. Kstab. 

327.. 62. .May's Landing Mercer 

Middlesex .. 
Monmouth . . 

Morris 

Ocean. a,753. .10,032. . 379. 

I'as.?aic S,.309.. 22,575.. 610. 

Salem 8,545. .19,467. .1,313. 

Somerset 3,443. .19,6,38. .1,650. 

Su5.sex 3,S51 . .22,939. .1,653. 

Warren 3,854. .22,358. .1,1)37. 

The whole number of dwellings in the State w.as, at the above dat«, 81,004; of families, 89,030; and of inhabitants, 
489,555; viz., whiles 406,240— males 233,746, and females 232,494; fr. col. 23,093— males 11,542, and females 11,551, and 
si. 222. or the whole population there wore, deaf and dumb—vh. 192, fr. col. 11, si. 0— total 203; Wind — wh. 136. fr. 
col. 27, si. 0— tot,al 213; insane— vh. 375, fr. col. II, si. 0— total 336; and idiotic— wh. 310, fr. col. 10, si. 0— total 326. The 
number of free persons born in the United States was 434,431, the number of foreign birth 439,326, and of birth unknown 
521. Tho native population originated as follows : Mc. 287, N. Hamp. 301, Verm. 230, Mass. 1,494, E. I. 264, Conn. 2,l(,i5, 
N. T. 20,561, mic Jersey 855,429, Penn. 16,014, Del. 1,334, Md. 1,400, DisL of Col. 82, Virg. 623, N. Car. 93, S. Car. 141, 
Ga. 37, Flor. 17, Ala. 30, Miss. 43, La. 83, Tex. 6, Ark. 2, Tenn. 21, Ky. 64, Oh. 372, Mich. 60, Ind. 61, 111. 61, Mo. 25, la. 7, 
"Wise. 15, Calif 3, Territories 1 ; and the foreign population was composed of persons from — England 11,377, Ireland 
81,092, Scotland 2,26.3, Wales 110, Germany 10,630, France 942, Spain 23, Portugal 16, Belgium 43, Holland 357, Italy 30, 
Austria 20, Switzerland 204, Bussia 22, Denmark 28, Norway 4, Sweden 34, Prussia 57, Sardinia 1, Greece 4, China 4, 
Asia 10, Africa IS, British America 531, Central America 2, Mexico 23, South America 27, West Indies 265, and other 
countries 00. 

The sl.atislics of the wealth, industry, and institutions of the State, as exhibited in the census returns of 1850, and 
other official documents referring lo the same period, are as follows : 

Oeeupied Lands^ etc. — Improved farm land, 1,767,991 acres, and nnimproved land, 984,985 acres — together valued in 
cash at $120,237,511. The total number of farms under cultivation Ist June, 1850, was 23,905. Value of farming imple- 
ments and machinery, $4,425,503. 

iwc-Stocfc— Horses, 63,955 ; asses and mules, 4,039 ; milch cows. 113,736; working oxen, 12,070; other cattle, 80,455 ; 
sheep, 160,483; and swine, 250,370 — valued in the aggregate at $10,679,291. The live-stoctin 1840 numbered as follows: 
horses, mules, etc., 70,502 ; neat cattle of all kinds, 220,202 ; sheep, 219,285 ; and swine, 261,443. 

Products of Animals.— Vfoo\, 375,396 (in 1340, 897,207) pounds ; butter, 9,487,210 pounds ; cheese, 365,756 pounds; and 
the value of animals slaughtered during the year, $2,633,552, Silk cocoons were produced to the amount of 23 pounds, 
and beeswax and honey to that of 156,694 pounds. 

Grain Crops.— Wheal, 1,601,190 bushels ; rye, 1,2.55,578 bushels ; Indian com, 8,759,704 bushels ; oats, 3,873,003 bushels ; 
barley, 6,492 bushels; and buckwheat, 878,934 busheK The crops, according to the census of 1340, were .is follows: 
wheat, 774,203 bushels; r\'e, 1,065,620 bushels; Indian corn, 4,361,975 bushels; oats, 3,033,524 bushels; barley, 12,501 
bushels ; and buckwheat, 856,117 bushels. 

Other Food Crops. — Peas and beans, 14,174 bushels ; and potatoes — Irish, 3,207,236 bushels, and sweet, 508,015 btishels. 
The potato crop of 13-39 amounted to 2,072,009 bushels. 

Jliscelktneons Crops. — Tobacco, 310 pounds; hay, 4.35,950 tons; clover-seed, 23,280 bushels; other grass-seed, 6-3,061 
bushels: hops, 2,133 pounds ; flax, 182,965 pounds; flax-seed, 16,525 bushels; raaple sugar, 2.197 pounds ; molasses, 954 
gallons: wine, 1,811 gallons, etc. Value of orchard products, $607,268, and of market-garden products $475,212. 

The following table exhibits the crops of certain staples in 1840 and 1350 comparatively : 



St.-iple3. 1840. IWO. Movement. 

Wool 897,207 pounds 875.396 pounds deer. 21,611 pounds, or 5.5 per cent. 

Wheat 774.203 bushels 1.601.190 bushels incr. 826,937 bushels, or 106.3 " 

Indian Corn 4,301,975 " 8,7.59,704 " mw. 4,397,7'29 " or lOO.S " 

Potatoes 2,072.009 " 8,71.5,251 " jn<-c. 1,64-3,182 " or 79.3 " 

Hay 8.34,861 tons 435,950 tons iner. 101,089 tons, or 80.2 " 

Some-made mamtfaciures for the year ending 1st June, 1850, were valued at $112,781. The same description of 
goods, according to the census of 1340, were valued at $201,025. 

Manufactures. — Aggregate capital investt-d, $00,000,000 ; value of all raw material, fuel, etc. used, $0,000,000 ; average 
number of hands employed, 00,000— males 00,000, and females 0,000 ; monthly cost of labor, $000,000— male .$000,000, and 
female $00,000 ; v.ilue of products for the year, $00,000,000. Capital employed in msnufactures in 1840, $11,517,532. The 
whole number of industrial establishments producing to the value of $500 and uj)ward annually, on the 1st June, 1850, 
was 4,374 ; and of these 21 were cotton factories, 41 woolen factories, 133 tanneries, and 103 iron manufactories, viz., 10 
for pig iron, 45 for castings, and 53 for -wrought iron. 

The cotUm factories have capit,il, $1 ,48:3,500 ; use annu.illy, 1,437 bales of cotton, 4,467 tons of coal and other material, 
valued in gross at $660,045 ; hamls employed, 1,712 — 616 males, and 1,096 females ; monthly cost of labor, $21,565 ; vidue 
of products for the year, $1,109,524; products, 8,122,580 yards sheeting, etc., and 2,000,000 pounds yam. Capital in 1S40, 
.$1,722,810. 

The icoolen factories have capital $494,274; wool consumed annually, 1.510.289 pounds; value of all raw material, fuel, 
etc., $543,867 ; hands employed, 893 — 111 males, and 4S7 females; monthly cost of labor, $14,.559— nude $10,:W7, and fe- 
male $4,192 ; annual products, 771,100 yards cloth, and 850,000 pounds yam; value of enlire products, $1,104,446. Capital 
in 1840, $341,0,50. 

The tanneries have capital $572.357 ; value of hides and skins med annually, $423..537 ; hands employed, 405 ; monthly 
cost of Labor, $8,9 JO ; skins tanned 120,731, and sides leather tanned, 202,970 ; value of entire producis, $724,406 Capital 
in 1840, $415,728. 
544 



NEW JERSEY. 



Tlie iron manuAicture for tlic year IS4.9-0O, 13 exhibited in the foUowiug statistics: 



OUT.iiOn. 


61. -.'CO 


2().S(55. 


,0^1.0110 


332.707 


GllO 


12,7'iO 



10,666 

850, 

5.+M. 

175.SOO 

301,0« 

SOS 

19,844 

24,031 10,259. 

500,544 CS6,4-30. 



CasIiHga. Wroiiglit Iron. Totnl. 

603,260 1,016,843 2,577,093 

— 14.649 C.5,815 

10,430 21,096 

— 350 

4.507.... 

1,9941S0,... 

320,950..., 

.593..., 

10,473.... 

S.1U2.... 

C29,2T8.... 



30,816 

8,790,980 

954,705 

1.996 

48.637 

42,452 

1,S7(;,247 



S|ierifi(;itionB. 

Capita! invested fiollar;* 

Iron nre used tniis 

Pis iron " 

Old iron '• 

Aliiicr.ll coal " 

Cnlvc and charcoal bushels. . ., 

Yaluc of raw material, fuel, etc dollars 

II;uids eni|)loyed number. . . 

Monthly cost of labor dollars 

Metal produced tons 

Value of entire products dollars 

—Capital in 1S40, $1,721,?20. 

Besides the above. New Jersey is disting^iislied for its machine shops, saddleries, carriage and locomotive factories, jew- 
elry works, glass-houses, potteries, fire-bride yards, paper manufactories, small arms facLiries, distilliries, paint-works, etc. 
and h.is also a largo number of grist, saw, and other mills. The principal seaLs of manufaeturrntr industry in the State 
are Newark and Patterson. Trenton and Jersey City have also considerable Dianufacturing interests, and many of the 
interior towns are employed in the manufacture of shoes and boots, hats, etc. 

C'>mmert;>. — The foreign business of New Jersey is mostly transacted at the ports of New York and rhiladelijhia. and 
hence the direct commerce as reported in the Cniled States treasury return?, is conii)aratively insignillcant. The value of 
direct C-vports to foreign countries in the year ending 30th June, 1S50, w.is $1,655, arul llie value of import.s ,$1 404, En- 
trances 17 (1,601 tons), and clearances 11 (1,131 tons). Total amount of shipping owned in the State at the jjeriod above 
referred to, ,SO,300 tons, viz.: registered shipping 201 tons, enrolled and licensed 8hii>ping 77,735 tons, and liceuseil ship- 
ping (vessels under 20 tons), 2,364 tons. Of the enrolled and licensed shi[)ping, 5,4s9 tons are navigated by steam. The 
importance of the several districts in relation to their tonnage is as follows: Perth Amboy 22.084, Briilgetowu 14,472 
Great Egg Harbor 14,084, Burlington 7,578, Camden 5.509, Newark 6.G2S, Little Egg Harbor 6,1S3. Fmy-seven vessels 
of all kinds, with an aggregate capacity of 0,242 tons, were built during 1849-50, viz., I ship, 1 brig, :36 schooners, 17 
sloops, and 3 steamers ; and of the whole number and capacity. Perth Amboy built 21 (2.037 tons), Bridgetown 9 ^926 
Ions). Camden 9 (425 tons), Newark 2 (271 tons). Little Egg Harbor 5 (.599 tons), and Groat Egg Harbor 11 (1,342 tons). 
The value of the commerce of New Jersey for a aeries of years from 1791, e.vhibits the following variations : 



Ye«r. 


Eiiiiort3. 


1791 


.... J36.9SS 


1792 


.... 23,406 


1793 


54 179 


1794 


.... 68,1.54 


1795 


.... 130,814 


1790 


.... 69,227 


1797 


.... IS.lCl 


1798 . . . 


61.877 


1799 


9.722 


Isoo. 


o o^q 


ISOl 


.... 2.5.406 


1802 


.... 26.227 


1803 


.... 21,311 


1804 


.... 24.829 


1805. ... 




1<06 


. . . . •33.807 


1807 


.... 41.186 


1808 


20,799 


1809 


... 319,175 


ISIO 


... 430,207 



Imr>irta. 



Exports. 

$1,871 
4,186 
10,260 

5,279 
9,740 
5,849 



Ye,ir. 

ISll 

1812 

1S1.3 

1814.... 
1815.... 
ISlC... 
1817.... 

1818 2.5,9.57 

1819 1,474 

1,820 20.611 

1S2I 33,711 

1822 83,551 

1823 20.064 

1824 23,989 

1825 47.213 

1826 37,905 

1827 25,627 

1828 1,822 

1S29 S,(rj2 

1830 8,324 



Inifiorta, 



17,606 

103,190 

5.933 

637.618 

27,083 

40.004 
338,497 
706.S72 
786.247 

13,444 



IVar. 

1831. 
1832. 
1838. 
1834. 



1836. 
1837. 
18.38. 

l!539. 

1840. 
1841. 
1.842. 
4843. 
1844. 
1845. 
1846. 
1847. 
1-48. 
1849. 
1850., 



ET|,f,rt3. 


Imports. 


$11,430 . . 


.. $ 


61,794 .. 


70,460 


32,753 . . 


170 


8.131 . . 


4.492 


74,041 . . 


18.932 


62,809 . . 


24,263 


44,217 . . 


09,153 


23.010 .. 


1,700 


98.076 . . 


4,182 


16,076 .. 


19.209 


19,166 .. 


2,315 


70.909 . . 


145 


10.621 . . 




18.139 .. 


17,670 




S29 


4,057 . . 


635 


19,123 .. 


4,837 


62 .. 


1,8:15 


863 . . 


4,253 


1,055 . . 


1,494 



Internal Improvfmient. — The railroads of New Jersey, as well as the canals, are mostly constructed -with a view to 
intercourse between New York and Pennsylvania. The Tnion P.ailroad is the only line running in any other direction, 
and this connects the tnivel west and cast on the New York and ICrie P.aill-oad with New York, passing through P;iter^on, 
one of the chief manufacturing cities of the State. The canals are, tho Morris Canal and the Dehiware and Karitan 
Canal— the first extending from Easlon to Jersey City, anil Ibrining an outlet of tho anthracite region of Pennsylv.nnia; 
and the latter extending from Bordentown and Trenton, on the Delaware, to New Brunswick, on the P.aritan, iuid is the 
channel through which the coal of Maryland is brought to tlie New York market. All these lines are of iutiuile ad- 
vantage to internal commerce .and through travel. The total length of completed railroad in the State oathe l.st January, 
1S5.3, was 348 miles, being in the proportion of 1 mile to every 27 square miles of territory and to every 1,400 inhabitants. 

BiinkH.—Qn the 1st January, 1851, there were 26 banks in o|ieration. and their condition in the aggregate at that i)erlod 
was as follows: Zm?<!7J(/c«— capital, *3,7,>J.900 ; circulation, ¥3.046.668 : deposits. $2,411,861 ; due other banks, .$373,4.58 ; 
and (Ksffc—loans and discounts, $7,058,977; real estate, $270,.546 : other investments, $183,408: duo by other b:inks, 
$I,.57S,06S; specie, $622,884. Since tho above return was made a Free Banking Law has been adopted, and numerous 
banks have organized under its provisions. 

Tho constitution under which the State Is organized was adopted on the 13th August, 1844, and went into operation on 
the 2d September of the same year. 

Tho rhjU of voting is concede<l to every white male citizen of the Tnited States of 21 years of age and tip-ward who 
has resided in the State for one year and in the county where he claims to vote for live months next before the election. 
All votes are taken bv ballot. The general election is held on the second Tuesday in October annually. 

W 8 545 



NEW JERSEY. 



Tht; kgidtiture eonsista of a Senate and General Assembly (house of repreacnlalivea). Each county is enlilled to return 
one senator, and the members of the assembly, not to exceed 60 in number, are apportioned among the counties in ratio 

of their population; but each county is entitled to at least one member. The ratio is determined according to the 

decennial censuses of the United Stales. Senators must have iittained the age of 80 years, and metnbera uf the assembly 

that of 21 years. One-tliird of the senators and all the members of the assembly are elected annually ; and tlie legisla- 
ture meels at Trenton on the second Tuesday in every January. 

The ehi'f eccecutive officer is styled (Jovernor. lie nuist be at least 30 years of age, have been a citizen of the United 
Stales for 20 years, and a resident of the State for seven years next before his election. He is elected by a plurality of 
the popular votes, or in case of an even vote, by a majority of the members of botli houses of the legislature in joint meet- 
ing. The term of office is three years, and the same person is not eligible for the three years next following. The powers 
of the governor are limited ; he may luio a bill, but a majority of botli houses may pass it notwithstanding his objection ; 
he may also grant reprieves for 90 dajs after conviction, and he, the ehaneellur, and the judges of the court of error and 
appeals may jointly grant pardons. During the last week of his official term he is forbid to nominate or appoint to any 
office. There is no lieutenant-governor, hut in case of vacancy in the office of governor, the President of the Senate, 
and after him the Speaker of the General Assembly becomes t\r^fficio governor ; but if the vacancy occur more than 
30 days before the general election, a successor is to be chosen at such election ; if within 30 days, theu at the succeeding 
election. The greater portion of administrative officers are appointed by tlie governor. 

Ihcjiuliciary consists of a Court of Errors and Appeals, a Court of Chancery, a Supreme Court, Circuit Courts, Courts 
of Common Pleas, etc. The "court of errors and appeals" consists of the chancellor, the justices of the supreme court, 
and six judges appointed by the governor, with the consent of the senate, for six years, one every year. The chancellor 
and supreme court judges, on appeals fromiheir respective decisions, may slate the reasons of tlieir judgment, but can not 
vote. Tiie Secretary of State is clerk of the cotrU The court holds terms at Trenton on the third Tuesday in January, 
April, July, and October. The chancellor is appointed by the governor, with the consent of the senate, for seven years, 
and with a clerk constitutes the "court of chancery." He is also ordinary and judge of the Prerogative Court The 
court of chancery holds four terms annually at Trenton on Wxa third Tuesday in March, June, September, and December. 
The "supreme court" con^sists of a chief judge and at least two (now four) associate judges, who are appointed by the 
governor for seven years. This court holds four terms each year, at the same time and place as the terms of the court of 
errors ; and the judges of this court hold " circuit courts" and " courts of oyer and terminer" four times a year in each 
county, except in the counties of Atlantic and Cape May, in which oidy two terms are held. The circuit court has within 
Oie county a common law jurisdictitJU, except in criminal cases, concurrent with the supreme court; and its final judgments 
may be declared in that court. The " court of common pleas" consists of not more tlian five judges in each county ; the 
judges of this court are chosen by joint ballot of the legislature for the terra of five years, and are paid by fees. Justices 
of the peace are chosen for five years by the people in towns. The attorney-general, clerks of the supreme court and 
the court of chancery are appointed by the governor for five years. Clerks and surrogates of counties are elected by the 
people thereof for five years, and sheriffs and coroners atinually ; but sheriffs and coroners can not serve for more thaa 
three consecutive years. No person can be imprisoned for debt, except in cases of fraud ; and in libel cases the '.ruth 
may be given in evidence, and if pubhsbcd with good motives and for justifiable ends, is a sufficient defense— the jury to 
determine the law and the facts. 

The powers of the legislature are limited by the Constitution. In no case can it lend the credit of the State, nor create 
any debt which shall raise the whole Stale debt above $100,000, except in case of war, invasion, or insurrection, and unless 
such be authorized by a law for some single object or work, to be distinctly specified tliorein, which law shall proviile the 
ways and means, exclusive of loans, to pay the interest of each debt or liability as it falls due, and also to pay and discharge 
the principal within thirty-five years from the time of the contracting thereof; and no such law shall take effect until, at the 
general election, a majority of the people voting shall have sanctioned it. No divorce shall be granted, or lottery author- 
ized, and no lottery tickets shall be sold in the Slate. Every law shall liave but one object, and that object shall ho 
expressed in its title. No special law can be passed for the sale of ])roperIy belonging to minors or persons uuder legal 
dig::!)iruy. Bank charters shall be granted, continued, or amended, only by a vote of three-finbs of the members elected 
to each house, and for a term not exceeding 20 years. 

Fhianccs^ Vehts^ etc. — The financial condition of the State is exhibited in the treasury report up to the close of ISoQ. 
The available means of tlie treasury had been for the year commencing Ist January, 1S50, $133,544, of which $9,961 was 
a balance from the preceding year, and the disbursements, ordinary and extraordinary, for the same period had been 
$125.54;?, leaving a balance of means over expenditures of $13,001. The chief sources of income are transit duties, and 
dividends on the stock of railroads and canals, taxes on railroad stock, etc. The principal expenditures were for the sujv 
port of the executive, judiciary, and legislature, of Slate prison, and of the indigent deaf and dumb, blind, and insane, etc. 
The resources of the treasury are ample, amounting to $l,45.'').6oS, of which $200,9S7 is productive, consisting of railroad 
and canal shares, of company bonds, of dividends, etc., and $764.GT1 unproductive, being surplus revenues loaued to 
several counties, and paying no interest. The absolute debt of the Slate amounts to $71,S10. 

The principal benevolent institution under State palronage is the Stale Lunatic Asylum at Trenton. It was first opened 
for the admission of patients loth May, tS4*5. On the 1st Jan.,l'*o0, there were in tlie Asylum 110 palienls— G2 males and 
4S females; received during the year 110—52 males and 5S females : and discharged S"?— 28 males and 30 females. Since 
the opening of t^e buihiing 292 palienls have been received, and 105 discharged, cured, or improved. The building is a 
substantial edifice, warmed by steam, ligliled by gas, and venlilated thoroughly. A House of Ilefuge has been estab- 
lished ftl Kingston, Middlesex County, and the buildings are partially complete, but work in them has been suspended for 
the present. 

Federal Repre^entaUon, — New Jersey, in accordance with the act of 23d May, 1S50, sends ^r^ representatives to the 
Congress of the United States. 

Education.— In 1S50 there were in the State 1,575 school districts, and ofthese 1.476 made returns. Children between 
5 and 16 years of age, 114,722 ; whole number of children Uiught during tho year, 75,245. of which number 13,670 attended 
school less than 4 months, 14,816 less than S months, and 10,599 less than 12 months. Colored children included in tho 
above 1,607. Average length of schools 64 months; average cost of tuition i)er quarter to each scholar. $2 10. The 
school fund amounts to $oSS,099 70, less $11,169 S5 unavailable. Appropriated or received for school purposes 
$152,573 62, and expended $99,5G0 13. In every part of the Slate there are grammar schools, academies, etc. Tho 
rincipal colleges arc— tho College of New Jersey at Priuceton, founded 1746; Kut^cr's College at New Brunswick, 
54G 



NEW JERSEY. 



foundeii 17T0 ; an<l Burlington College (Episcopal), founded 1846. The c<^llege at Princeton has a law school, and at the 
same place is Uu^ Theological Seminary of ilie Presbyterian Church. The Theological Seminary of the Pvcformed Dutch 
Church, at New Brunswick, is a department of Kutger'a College. 

Z/&/-arif.v.~One Stale library— 5,000 volumes; 3 social— 1.300 volumes: 3 college— 13,000 volumes ; 2 students— 7,000 
volumes; 1 aca<lemic or professional— 0,000 volumes; 1 scicntilic and historical — S26 volumes; 6 public school— 21S 
volumes. Total, 17 libraries, and 46,305 volumes. 

Periodical P/'^?,?.— Whole number of periodicals and newspapers published in the State 1st Jane, 1S50, Gl — of which 
22 were whi;;:, 20 democratic, and 19 neutral in polilies, tho last inrludinjj; all devoted to litt-rature, religion, science, etc. ; 
and of liie whole number S were issued ilaily, circulating (i,9rj0 cnpios at cat-h issue; 50 weekly, circulating 35,944 copies; 
and 3 monthly, circulating 9G0 copies. Of tlte >l<n'h'es 3 won- published at Newark, 1 at Klizabeihtown, 3 at Trenton, and 
1 at Deckerlown ; of the weeklies, 1 each at Burlington, Elizabethtown, Woodbury, Lamliertville, Ilightslown, Princeton, 
Middletown, Dover, and Deckerlown, 2 each at Mount HoUy, Bridgcton, Newark, Plainfleld, Jersey City, Fleminglon, 
liahway. Morristown, Paterson, Salem, Somerville, Newton, and Belvidere ; 3 eaeii at Camden and New Brunswick ; 4 
at Trenton, and 5 at Freehold ; and of the 7noitt/i/ie-% 2 at Princeton, and 1 at Morristown. 

lieligious Denominatious. — The statistics of the several religious denominations in the State for the year 1S50, as 
ascertained by the census of that year, were as follows : 



Denomina- No. oT 
lions. Cliiircliea. 

Baptist 107 .. 

Chrijiian ... 

Con<;ret,'at'l.. 

Dutcli Pff.. 

Episcopal . . 

Free 7 

Friends 52 



S .. 

S .. 
60 .. 
51 .. 



Clitircli 

aiicotn. 

*!.225 
2,s3o 
3.5110 

30.146 

19,447 
•2,400 

25,545 



Vnlue nr 
Properly. 

. $.i34,G0O 
. 10,400 

. sr.Too 

. 400,430 

. 473.409 

7,.')00 

. 207,100 



Denomina- No. of Cl.iinl, V»lue of 

lions. Churdies. ari-oin. Prciiiertj-, 

Geriimn Kef. — . . — . . $ — 

JewLsh — .. — ., — 

Lutheran... 7.. 2.900.. 2S,500 
Mennonile.. — .. — .. — 
Mclhodist .. 312 .. 109,350 ,. 6S3,SS0 
Moravian . . . ■ — . . — . . — 

Presbyter'n.. 146 .. 81,400 ..1,175,250 



Denomina. No. of 


Clnircli 


Value or 


lions. CliBnliea. 


niiom. 


Property. 


P.. Crilhnlic. 21 .. 


9,3.35. 


J99,385 


Swi'fU-iibo'n . —' .. 





„_ 


Tunkfr 2 ,, 


800 .. 


1,800 


Union 5 .. 


1.4.50 .. 


6,500 


Unitarian .. 2 .. 


4.10 .. 


1,600 


Universalist. 8 .. 


1,000 . 


6,800 


Minor Sects. 10 .. 


2,150 . 


5,700 



— making a total of SOT churches, with accommodation for 344,933 persons, and valued as property at $3,540,436. The 
State constitutes the diocese of New Jersey, a see of the Protestant Episcopal Church.; and in the Koman Catholic Church 
is divided between the arch-diocese of New York and the diocese of Philadelphia. 

Paitperiifm and Cnme.~Th& whole number of paupers relieved or supported within the year ending Ist June, 1850, was 
2,892, of whom 1,S16 were native-born, and 57(3 foreigners; and the whole number of paupers on the list at the date 
noted was 1,57S, of whom 1.339 were native-bom. and 239 foreigners. Annual cost of support, $93,110. The State Prison 
is located at Trenton. Tlic number of convicts in tliat institution on the 31st December. 1S49, was 1S5 ; received during 
the year 122. and discharged 97. leaving 210 in prison at Ihe end of the year 1S50. Of the last number 140 were white 
males, and 9 white females; and 59 colored males, and 4 colored females. Conmiilted for manslaughter 6, for murder in 
the second degree 10, for rape 6, for forgery S, for burglary 21, fur larceny 41, for violent assaults 41, and for burning 4, 
Native-born IGT, ami foreigners 43. 

nist.orical Slcetch.—Ho precise date is assigned to the first white settlement in this State. The Dutch from New York 
planted themselves in the eastern part ; while in the west, bordering on the Delaware, small bodies of Swedes were set- 
tled. The Dutch claimed the whole country from the Connecticut to the Delaware, and protested against the Swedish 
occupation. Without regard, however, to the validity of the title of eillier party, Cliarles IL, in 1604, granted to his 
bnnher. the Duke of York, a patent for the whole Dutch claim. In tlie same year the duke sold Ihe district between the 
Hudson and Delaware rivers to Lord Berkely and Sir George Carteret. To encourage immigration, liberal grants were 
made to settlers, and the important privilege of self-government secured to them, the proprietors reserving to themselves 
the appointment of the executive. Philip Carteret was the first governor. The colony continued to thrive under the 
prudent management of the proprictor9 until 1673, when the Dutcli, having re-taken New York, extended their power 
again over this province. Their government, however, was of l)rief duration ; for on tlie conclusion of peace, the country 
was restored to England. The duke's patent was re-confinued ; but he, considering his grant to Borkely and Carteret 
annulled, claimed immediate jurisdiction not only over New York, but also over the Territory of New Jersey, and ap- 
pointed Sir Edmund ,\ntiro3 governor of his Territories from the Connecticut to the Delaware. This tyrant arrived in 
America in 1074, and procei'ded to the exercise of Iiis functions. In the same year Lord Berkely assigned his undivided 
half of New Jersey to William Penn and three others, and Carteret subsequently agreed to receive East Jersey as his 
share of the province. The rights of the original proprietors were not acknowledged by the duke until lCSO,and then not 
until forced by the highest legal opinion in favor of their claims. About this time the province received a considerable 
as?ce&.sion of inhabitants by the arrival of a number of Quakers, who principally seltled in the neighborhood of the present 
towns of Burlington and Salem, wiiicli they built. In 1GS2 Carteret transferred his interest in the province to WjUiam 
Penn and eleven olher persons of the sect of Quakers ; these immediately conveyed one-half of the province to a company 
of Scotchmen, at tlie head of whom was the Earl of Perth. After this event many immigrants arrived from Scotland. 
The first govurnor of East Jersey under the proprietors was Robert Barkley, the celebrated author of the " Apologj- for 
Ihe Quakers.'' AfU-T the accession of the Duke of York to the throne, a writ of quo warranto was directed to issue 
against ihc proprietors, who. finding there was no otlier resource, endeavored to save what they could by voluntary sub- 
mission, and made a formal surrender of their patent, praying only for a grant of the soil. It was intended by the new 
king tliat the wliolc province, together with that of New York, should be united with New England in an arbitrary gov- 
ernment; and arrangements were making to carry ttie design into execution, when the Revolution of IC'-^'^ fortunately 
put an end to his power. In 1702 the proprietary of both parta was surrendered to Queen Anne, and the jirovinecs which 
had experienced no repose in separation, were again united under a single government. Lord Combury was the firsl 
royal governor; he was also Governor of New York, and abused his functions in both provinces. From this period to 
the ejjoch of the American Revolution, New .Jersey was not the scene of any memorable event Its population and pros- 
pi.-rity augmented under an orderly and prudent a-lministration of affairs. From its connection with England, however, 
the ]>rovince became involved in Ihe wars of that country: and though remote from the scene of acti(m, we find It 
contributing on several occasions to the expeditions undertaken for the conquest of Ihe French possessions. The last 
royal govirrior of the province was William Temple Franklin, a son of (he celebrated Benjamin Franklin. During the 
Revolution New Jersey sulTered much, and Trenton, Princeton, Millstone, Red Bank, and Monmouih, arc famous as 



NEW 



NEW 



the scenes of Amoricau triumphs. When the blessings of peace were again restored to the United Slates, New Jersey 
soon recovered its former prosperity ; and the usual accompaniment of prosperity, a barreuuess of striking events, 
atleuds her history from that period. 
TiiENTON, on the Delaware, is the political capital of the State. 



Nkw Jerusalem, p, c, Berks co., Penn. : 5S m. E. by N. 
Harrisburg. Tliere are in this vicinity beds of iron ore, a 
furnace, and a forge. 

New Kent county, Virg. Situate toward the E., and 
contains 241 sq. m. Drained by Panmnky and Chickhominy 
rivers, branches of James and York rivers. Surface level; 
soil of average fertility. Staples, wheat, oats, and Imlian corn. 
Farms 313; raanuf. 12; dwell. 535, and pop.— wh. 2.221, 
fr. col. 433, si. 3,-ilO— total 6,064. Oipitat: New Kent C. If. 

New Kent, p. v., and cap. New Kent eu., Virff. : 25 m. E. 
Richmond. Besides the court-house and jail, it contains 
only a few dwellings. 

New Kingston, p. c, Cumberland county, Pemu: 15 ra. 
"W". by 3. IJarrisburg. 

New Kirk's Mills, p. o., Fulton county, N. Y. : 49 m. 
N. "W. Albany. 

New Lancaster, p. o., Tipton co., In<h : on branch of 
Duck cr. of White r., 35 m. N. by K. Indianapolis. 

New Lanoasteb, p. v., Warren county, liL: SO m. N. W. 
Springfield. 

New Lebanon, p. o., De Kalb co., lU. ; 165 m. N. N. E. 
Springfield. 

New Lebanon, p. o., Mercer co., Penn. : 177 m. W. N. W. 
Harrisburg. 

New Lebanon, p, o., SulUvan county, Ind. : S5 m. S. W. 
Indianapolis. 

New Lebanon, t. and p. v., Columbia co., N. Y.: 23 ra. 
8. E. Albany. Drained I)y Lebanon and Kinderhook creeks, 
which here unite. Surface on E. and W. sides hilly and 
mountainous; the rest being chiefly a rich valley. Con- 
tains 3 principal settlements. New Lebanon, New Lebanon 
Spring?, and New Lebanon Shaker Village. Pop. of t. 2,300. 

New Lebanon, p. o., Montgomery county, Ohio: G6 m. 
W. by S. Columbus. 

New Lebanon Centre, p. o., Columbia eo., N. Y. : 24 m. 
S. E. Albany. 

New Lebanon Springs, p. v., Columbia county. K. Y.: 
25 m. S. E. Albany, near the Mass. State line. This fashion- 
able watering-place of great resort is justly celebrated for 
the medicinal qualities of its springs, salubrity of climate, 
and beautiful scenery. Here are several fine hotels. A 
railroad is in construction from Bennington to Ciiatham 
Four Comers, to pass through the v. The usual number of 
visitors to these springs per annum is from 7,000 to 8,000. 
In this V. is the Thermometer Manufactory of the Kendall 
brothers, who make 25,000 yeariy. 

New Lexington, p. v., Somerset co., Ponn. : on E. side 
of Laurel Hill cr., 124 m. W. by S. Harrisburg. 

New Lexington, p. v., Tuscaloosa co., Ake. : on the W. 
Bide of North r., lU m. N. W. Montgomery. 

New Lexington, p. v., Van Buren co., la.: on N. bank 
of Des Moines r., SO m. W. by S. Iowa City. 

New Lexington, p. v., Terry co., Ohio : 45 m. E. S. E. 
Columbus. 

New Liberty, p. v., Owen co.. Ay.; 27 m. N. Frankfort. 

New Liberty, p. v., Pope co., PI. : on E. side of Ohio r., 
196 m. S. by E. Springfield. 

New Light, p. o., Wake co., JV. Car.: on New Light cr., 
24 m. N. Raleigh. 

New Lisbon, p. v., Henry co., Ind.: 85 ro. E. by N. 
Indianapolis. 

New Lisbon, t and p. o., Otsego county, 2^. Y. : 76 m. 
W. Albany. Surface oft. hilly; soil, sandy loam. Drained 
by Butternut and Otego creeks. Pop. 1.773. 

New Lisbon, p. v., Burlington co., JV. Jer.: on Eancocus 
cr.. 16 m. S. by E. Trenton. 

New Lisbon, p. v., and cap. Columbiana county, 0?v>o: 
126 m. E. N. E. by N. Columbus, on N. side of Middle Fork 
54S 



of Little Beaver r., and on the Sandy and Beaver Canal. 
The r. furnishes a large water-power, which is used by 
several saw-mills, flour-mills, and factories. Besides the 
court-house and jail, it contains 7 churches. Four news- 
papers are publislied weekly, "American Palladium"' (.whig), 
"American Patriot," " Ohio Patriot" (dcra.), "Aurora" (F. S). 

New London county. Conn. Situate S. E., ami contains 
550 sq. ra. Drained by Thames r. formed by the junction 
fif Yanlic and Shetucket rivers, which supply good water- 
power. Connecticut r. bounds it on the S. W. and Pawcatuek 
on the S. E. Surface hilly; soil fertile and adapted to the 
])roduetion of diflcrent kinds of grain. On Long Island 
Sound, which bounds it ou the S., arc a number of fine 
harbors. Chief productions, wheat, Indian corn, oats, and 
potatoes. Farms 2,619 ; manuf 705; dwell. S,336, and pop. 
— wh. 50,323, fr. col. 1,493— total 51,S2I. Capital: New 
London. Public Worls : New Haven and New Londcm 
K. II. ; New London and Stonjngton E. II. ; New London, 
Willimantic, and Palmer li. 11. ; Norwich and Worcester 
K. K., etc. 

New London, t, p. city, port of entry, and semi-cap. 
New London co., Coim. : on W. bank of Thames r., 3 n\. 
from its entrance into Long Island Sound, 43 m. S. E. 
Hartford, 4=3 m. E. New Haven. Lat. N. 41^ 22', long. 
W. 72° 9'. The harbor is the best in the State, and one of 
the best in the United States. It has a depth of 30 feet, is 
spacious and safe. Its entrance is narrow and defended by 
forts Trumbull and Griswold; the former is garrisoned by 
a company of U. S. Artillery. It is one of the whaling j)orts 
of New England. In 1&49 it received 1,949 barrels of sperm 
oil, 38,030 barrels of whale oil, and 301,100 pounds of 
whalebone. The city is built upon an acclivity, rising from 
the r. toward the W. and N. Back of the city is a summit 
of high ground, where the observer has a fine view of the 
harbor and surrounding country. The surface is uneven, 
lying on granite rocks, on which account the city was laid 
out irregularly ; but lately various improvements have been 
made. This t. was settled in 164(1, and a large portion of it 
burnt by the British under Arnold, Sept. 6, 1731. It contains 
the county buildings, 7 churches, academies, etc. There 
are 3 banks with capital of $414,625. New London is con- 
nected by railroad with New Haven, 50 m. ; with Willimantic, 
SO m. ; and with Worcester from Allyn's Point, C6 m. There 
is also a daily line of steamboats from New York. Two 
newspapers are published daily, *• Chronicle" (whig), and 
'^ Morning Star" (dem.); two weekly, " Chninicle," and 
''Democrat." This is the principal port in the State; and 
the inhabitants are extensively engaged in the coasting 
trade and the fisheries. On the 30th June, 1350, the total 
tonnage of this district was 40.4S5 tons. The registered 
tonn:ige was 2;i,364 tons, of wliich 22,504 were permanent 
and S60 temporary; 2.622 tons were in the whale fishery. 
The enrolled and licensed tonnage was 17.121 tons, of which 
16,173 tons were permanent, 3.S79 propelled by steam, 11,577 
were in the coasting trade, 3,594 in cod fishery, 1,007 in 
mackerel fishery ; of tonnage licensed under 20 tons, ISl Ions 
were in the coasting trade, and 762 in cod fisherj\ During 
the year preceding, the clearances for foreign countries were 
IS — 4.943 tons; number of entrances, do., 26 — 7,376 tons; 
number of vessels built, 8 (schooners)— 606 tons. Pop. iu 
1S30, 4,356; in 1840.5,519; in 1S50. 9.000. 

New London, p. v., Henry county, Ja. : 51 m. S. by E, 
Iowa City. 

New London, p. r., Frederick co., Md.: 50 m. N. W. 
Annapolis. 

New London, p. v., and cap. IJalls co., Mo. : on S. side 
Salt r., 30 m. N. N. E. Jefferson City. 

New London, t. and j). o., Merrimac co., N. Ramp, : 



NEW 



NEW 



27 m. N. W. by W. Cnncord. Surface uneven; soil gotxi. 
Sunipoe lake lies on i(s S. W. border; and tliore are 3 otlier 
pouds in Ihe t. At llie outlet of Pieof^iint pond, on Black- 
water r., is a scythe factory, making 3(j,ooi) scytlies yearly. 
Pop. 94o. 

New Londox, p. v., Oneida co., A^. Y. : 102 m. W. N. W. 
Albany, on Erie Canal. 

New London, p. v., Howard co., Tn>/. : on S. side of "Wild 
Cat cr. of \Yabash r.. 48 m. N. by W. Indianapolis. 

New Loxdon. t, p. v., and sta., ITiiron co., Ohio: S2 m. 
N. N. E. Columbus. Drained by Veriniilion r. and branches. 
The V. is situated on E. siilo nf ihe r. The Cincinnati, Cleve- 
land, and Colvinibus 1!. II. passes Ihroui^h it, 47 m. frora 
Cleveland, 8S m. from Colvmibus. Pop. of U 1,329. 

New London, p. v., Campbell oo., V?'rff. : on branch of 
St;miil«m r.. f>S m. W. by 8. rJehnmnd ; is one of llie o|de!*t 
towns in the Stal<\ (houiih of small pnpulali<in. The T'. S. 
Armory, now at Harper's Ferry, was oriirinaliy located Iiero. 

New London, t. and p. v., Chester county, Penn.: 61 ni. 
8, E. by E. Ilarri^bur^. Drained by Clay cr., and by Elk 
cr., wliich is its W. boundary. Surface nearly even, with 
slight declivities ; soil ?andy foam. The v. contains several 
stores, anrl considerable manufacturing is done in the town. 
At New London Cross-roads there is a forge and a rolling- 
mill. 

New Lyme, t. and p. o., Ashtabula co., Ohio : 156 m. N. E. 
Columbus. Drained by branches of Grand r. Pop. 6'2S. 

New M.\.d!son, p. o., Darke county, Ohio: on a creek of 
Whitewater river, 92 m. W. Columbus. 

New Madhid county, 3fo. Silnnto S. E., and contains 
573 sq. m. Drained by Whitewater river, which traverses 
its western portion, and by the lakes, which occupy a large 
portion of the county. Surface low and level, and liable to 
submersion, in consequence of which Ihe soil ia in many 
parts unfit for cultivation, but in other sections is fertile and 
productive. Farms 407 ; manuf. 30; dwell. 753, and poj). — 
wh. 4.057, fr. col. 3, si. 1,4S1— total 5.541. Oipital: New 
Madri.l. 

New MADF.m. p. v.. and cap. New Madrid co., Mo.: on 
the Mississippi r., on the N. W. l)ank of a large bend, and 
at mnuih of St. John river. It contains the court-house and 
coimly offices. The " Conmiercial Herald" (Miscel.) an<l 
" Juurnai of the Times" (.Miscel.) are published weekly. 
This place stifTered severely by earthquakes in ISll and '12. 
The bluff bank, upon which the v. was built, was thereby 
lowered 15 or 20 feet. Since then Iho river has washed 
away a portion of the bank. 

New Mahoning, p. o., Carbon county, Pt-nn.: 70 m. 
N. E. Harrisburg. 

Newman's JfiLLS. p. v., Indiana cotmly, Pt'nn.: 106 m. 
W. N. W. Harrisburg. A pinnk-road 43 m. long, pa.ssing 
through Indiana v., connects this v. with the Pennsylvania 
Eailroad. 



Ni-:wMAK6ViLLE, p. o., Grcenc county, Tenn. : 220 m. E. 
Nashville. 

New Marion, p. v., Eipley county, Ind.: on S. side of 
Graham's Fork, G5 m. S. E. by S. Indianapolis. A phmk- 
road runs hence to Madison. 

New Maukkt, p. v., Madison cnunly, -4ia. ; 171 m. N. 
Montgomery, 3 m. S. Tennessee State line. 

New Market, p. o., Vigo ci>., Ind. : 1 m. E. Llinois State 
line, 70 m. W. S. W. Indianapolis. 

New Market, p. v., Marion co., Ky. : on N. side of 
Knlling Fork of Salt r., 48 m. S. S. W. Frankfurt. 

New Market, p. v., Fred<Tiek oo., MiK: on N. bank 
of Bush cr., 47 m. N. W. Iiy W. Annapolis. 1 m. from 
Monrovia, on Bait, and Ohio K. U. ; has some trade. 

New Market, p. v., Platte co., Mo.: 153 m. W. N. W. 
JeflTerson City. 

New Market, t., p. o,, and st.i., Bo,'kingbam county, 
K J/ump. : 30 in. E. S. E. Coiicunl. Bounded on the E. 
by Great Bay. Drained by a branch of Lamprey r. The 
Boston and Maine K. R. passes through the t., 57 m. from 
Boston. Pop. 1,639. 

New Market, p. v. and sta.. Middlesex co., y. ./t>i\ : $0 m. 
N. E. Trenton, and 17 ra. from Elizabethport, on the New 
Jersey Central K. IE. 

New Market, p. v., Randolph co., y. Car.: CO m. W. 
Raleigh. 

Nbw Market, p. v. Van Buren co., Tir, .• on S. side of 
Des Moines r., 63 m. S. S. E. Iowa City. 

New Market, t. and p. o., Highland co., Ohio: 63 m. 
S. W. by S. Columlnis. Pop. I.ri2s, 

New Market, p. o., Abbeville district, /^. Car.: C3 m. 
W. by. N. Columbia. 

New Market, p. v., Jefferson county, Taut.: ISO m. E. 
Nashville. 

New Market, p. v., Shenandfiah co.. Virg. : on the N. 
fork of the Slienandoah r., OS m. N. W. Richmond. 

New Market, p. o., Monroe county. Git.: 43 ra. W. 
Miltedg.nille. 

New Market, p. o., Lewis co., Orf{/. T'V. : on a sonthcrn 
inlet of Pueet Sound, \4S m. N. by E. Salem. 

New ^lARLBORorGn, t. au'l p. v., Berkshire co., Jfa-^s. : 
112 m. W. by S. Boston. Drained by Konkapot r, and a 
small lake with its outlet in tlie S. part of tlie town, which 
empties into Blackberry r., in Conn. Surface generally 
uneven, with a ridge of high hills traversing from N. to S. ; 
soil adapted to grazing. The t. contains several stores and 
manulaet (tries. Pop. 1,'^7. 

New MARTrNsvii-LE, p. o., Wet/.el county, Virg. : 225 m. 
N. W. Richmond. 

New Maysvillk, p. v., Putnam county, TikI. : 30 ni. W. 
Indianapolis. 

New Maysville, p. o., Pike county, III. : W. by S. 
Springfield. 



THE TERRITORY OF NEW MEXICO. 



New Mexico, as now organized, Itps between the latitudes 3'20 and 38°. and stretches east and west between Texas on 
the one liand and Utah and Cahforiiia on tlio other. Its definite bonndary begins "at a point in the Colorado Kiver, 
where the boundary line ol' the Ttepublio of Mexico crosses the same; thence eastwardly with said boundary line to the 
Ki" Grande ; Ihence I'ullnwin!; the main channel of said river to the parallel of the 3'2d degree of north latitude ; thence 
eastward with same degree to lis intersection with the l(«d degree of Icmgitude west from Greenwich ; thence mirlli with 
said degree of longitude to the parallel of the 3Slh degree of nurlh latitude; tlieiu^e west with saiil parallel to llie summit 
of the Sierra Madre; thence soutli with the crest of sai'l mountinns to the 37th parallel of north latitude; Ihence wi'st with 
the said parallel to its intersection with the boundary line of the Slate of Califoniia ; thence with the said boundary lino 
to the place of beginning." Within these boundaries the area is estimated at 210,744 square miles. 

That portion of New Sfexico westward of Ihe Sierra Madre can only bo considered as a tempor.ary appendage to the 
Territory. It is bounded south by the Vm Gila, and extends norlh lo the S7th parallel, be'ng watered by the Colorado 
and numerous affluents of the river bounding it on the south. In the imrth-east part it is occupied by consideraltle nmuut- 
ains and mountain valleys, and the whole eastern line is also mountainous .and rugged. The interior forms a varied 
country, with much line agricultural lands, and the country bordering on the Gila, which is hilly and broken, abounds in 
mint^ of copper, gold, silver, etc., accounts of which are reconleil by the Commissioners of Ihe iiouudary Survey. It is 
divided into Ihe counties of Kio Arriba and Socorro, and comprises about two-fifths of the area of the Territory. It i3 

549 



NEW MEXICO. 



solely inhabited by Indians — the Naviijoes in the norlh-east, the Apaches ia the east and south-east, the Pimos in Ihc 
west and south-west, and the Pah-Utahs in the norlh-west. 

New Mexico proper, in its general aspect, is mountainous, wilh a large valley in Ihe middle, ruuning from norili to 
south, and formed by the Rio Grande. The valley is generally about twenty miles wide, ami bordered on iho east and 
■west by mountain chains, continuations of the Rocky Mountains, which have here received various names, as Sierra 
Blanca, Sierra de los Orgauos, Sierra Oscura, etc., on the east side, and Sierra Madrc, Sierra de los Grullas, de Acha, de 
los Mimbres, etc., on the west side. The height of these mountains south of Santa I'"6 may, upon an average, be from 
6,000 to SjUUO feet, while near Santa F6, and in the more norlliern regions, wjme snow-capped peaks are seen (hat may 
rise from 10,000 to 12,000 feet above the sea. The mountains arc principally composed of igneous rocks, as sieuite, gran- •. 

ite, diorit, basalt, etc. On the higher mountains excellent pine timber grows ; on the lower, cedars, and sometimes oaks, 
and in the central valleys, mezquite, etc. i 

The main artery of Kew Mexico is the Eio Grande, a large and long river. Its head waters were explored in ISOT' by 
Captain Pike, between 31^ and 38^ north latilude, but its higliest sources are some two <legree8 farther north, in Ihc 
recesses of the Rocky Mountains, near the head waters of the Arkansas and the Colorado of the We^t. Following a 
generally southern direction, it passes tlirough the territory, where its principal affluent is the Rio Chamas from the west, 
and winds its way in a soulh-easlern direction, dividing in its course, below 3'20 north latitude, the United Stales froni the 
Mexican Republic, to the Gulf, into which it falls in 25° 50' north latitude. Its tributaries below New Mexico are, from 
the north, the Rio Pecos, and from the south the Conchos, Salado, Alamo, and San Juan. The length of the river in a 
straight line is about 1,200 miles, but from the meanderiugs of its lower course, it runs at least 2,000 miles from the region 
of eternal snows to the almost tropical climate of the Gulf. The elevation of the river above the sea at Albuquerque is 
about 4,S00 feet ; at El Paao about 3,S00 feet ; and at Reynosa, about 800 or 400 miles above its mouth, not more than 170 
feet. The fall of the water between Albuquerque and El Paso is from two to three feet in a mile, and below El Paso 
about one foot in two miles. The fall of the river is seldom used as a motive power, except for some flour mills, which 
are oftener worked by mules than by water. The principal advantage at present derived fr'im the stream is for agricul- 
ture, by a well-managed system of irrigation. As to its navigation in New Mexico, it is doubtful if even canoes could be 
used, except, perhaps, during May or June, when the river is in its highest stage, from the melting of the snows in the 
mountains. It is entirely too shallow, and interrupted by too many sand bars to promise any thing for navigation. On 
the southern portions of the river steamboats may ascend from the Gulf as far as Laredo, a distance of about 700 miles. 
"Whenever a closer connection between this head point of navigation and New Mexico shall be considered," says Dr. 
Wislizenus, '' nothing would answer but a railroad crossing from the valley of the Rio Grande to the high table-land in the 
State of Chihuahua." 

The soil in the valley of New Mexico is generally sandy, and looks poor, but by irrigation it produces abundant crops, 
and though agriculture is carried on in a very primitive way, with the hoe alone, or wilh a rough plow, made entirely of 
wood, without any particle of iron, the inhabitants raise large quantities of Indian corn and wheat, beans, onions, red 
peppers, and some fruits. The most fertile part of the valley begins below Santa Pe, along the river, and is called " Rio 
Abajo," or the country down the river. It is not uncommon there to raise two crops within the year. The general dry- 
ness of the climate, and the aridity of the soil, liowever, will always confine agriculture to the valleys of the water-courses. 
" But this important defect,'' says Dr. "Wislizenus, " may be remedied by artesian wells. On several occasions I remarked 
on the high table-lands of Santa F§ south, that in a certain depth layers of clay are found that may form reservoirs of 
Bunken water-courses from the eastern to the western chain, which, by the improved method of boring, might be ea.sily 
made to yield their waters to the surface. If experiments to that effect should prove successful, the progress of agriculture 
in New Mexico would lie more rapid, and even many dreaded 'Jornada' might be changed from waterless deserls into 
cultivated plains." But at present irrigation from a water-course is the only available means of carrying on agriculture. 
The irrigation is effected by leading the waters over the cultivated lauds through canals. The consequence of this is that the 
inhabitants locate themselves together, and allot water to each at certain periods. The corn fields are generally without 
fences, which are less needed here, as the grazing stock are tended by herdsmen. Tbc best cultivated lands arc found in 
the "estancias," or large estates belonging to the rich. These haciendas are apparently a remnant of the old feudal sys- 
tem, and were granted with the Indians and all other appurtenances by the Spanish crown to favorite vassals. The great 
number of human beings attached to these estates are nothing more than mere serfs, receiving from their task-masters 
food, lodging, and clothing. How far the American element in the constitution of society in the Territory may modify 
this industrial monstrosity has yet to be seen. ' 

The inhabitants pay considerable attention to raising stock, and the great owners are possessed of large numbers 
of horses, mules, cattle, and sheep. These, however, are of small size, because little attention has been given to 
improving the breeds; but they increase very rapidly, and little trouble is experienced in rearing them, as no housing 
is required in winter. The pasturage in the uncultivated parts is extensive, and thousands of stock graze thereon 
the year through. The Indians prove the greatest enemies to the farmers, and frequently carry off whole herds of 
cattle, etc. 

The mines of New Mexico are very rich, but mitdng operations have been much neglected, and a great many of the 
most valu,ible which were formerly worked have been entirely deserted, owing chiefly to the unsettled state of the country, 
the invasions of the Indians, and other impediments. Gold, silver, iron, copper, etc.. are abundant in all the mountain 
countrj'. Gold has been found in the Santa F6 district and south of it f >r a hundred miles, as far as Gran Quivira, and 
north one hundred and twenty miles up to the Rio Sangre de Cristo. The poorer classes occupy much of tlieir time in 
washing out gold dust, which is largely deposited in the mountain streams about Santa F6 ; these washings are very rich, 
and some gold mines are also worked there. These mines, according lo Dr. Wislizenus, are the only mines of any 
consequence worked at the present time in all New Mexico. Several rich silver mines were worked by the Spaniards at 
Avo, at Cerrillos, and in the Nambe Mountains, but operations have long since ceased. Copper is abundant throughout 
the country, but especially at Las Tijeras, Jemez, Abiqui, Guadalupeta de Mora, etc. Only one mine south of the 
placeros is at the present time worked. Iron, though equally abundant, is entirely overlooked, being considen-d of little 
value, in comparison with the precious metals. Coal has been discovered in a number of places, as in the Raton 
Mountains, near the village of Jemez, south-west of Santa F6, and other places to the south. G>i>sum, common and 
selenite, is also found in large quantities; the common is used as lime for white- washing, and the selenitc or crystalline 
instead of window-glass. About lOO miles south-east of SanUi F6, on the high lable-lantls between the Del Norte and 
PecoS) are some extensive salt lakes or salinas, from which all the domestic salt used in New Mexico is procured. Largo 
550 



NEW MEXICO. 



caravans go there from the capital in the dry season, and return with as much as they eau conveniently transport, and 
Ihe merchants exchange their salt for wheat, i»ushel fur biishul, or st-U it for one nr even two dollars a bushel. 

" Not far from these Salinas," says Dr. Wislizcnus, " the ruins of an old city are found— of the fabulous ' la Gran Quiviri.' 
The common report in rLlation to this place is, that a very large and wuallhy city was once here situated, with vtry rich 
mine.", the produce of whicli was once or twice ;i year sent to Spain. At one season, when they were making extraordinary 
preparations for transporting the jirecious metals, the Indians altaclied tlum; whereupon the miners buried their treasures, 
wortli forly millions, and left the city logelher; but they were all killed except two, who went to Mexico, giving the 
particulars of the affair, and soliciting aid to return. But the distance being 50 great and the Indians so numerous, nobody 
would advance, and the thing was dropped. <,)no of the two went to New Orleans, then under Ihe dominion of Sjiain, 
raised five hundred men, and started liy way of the Sabine but w:is never heard of afterward. So far the report. "W'iihin 
the last few years several Americans and I'renehnien have visited the pLace; and allhougb they have not found Uie 
treasure, they certify at least to the existence of an aqueduct, abont 10 miles in length, to the stiU standing walls of several 
churches, Ihe sculptures of the S]ianish coat-of-arms, and to many spacious pits, supposed to be silver mines. It was, no 
doubt, a Spanish mining town, and it is not unlikely it was destroyed in IGSO, in the general successful insurrection of the 
Indians in New Mexico against the Spaniards. Dr. Samuel (i. Morton, in a late pamphlet, suggests the probability that 
it was originally an old Indian eily, into wliieli the Spaniards, as in several other instances, had introduced themselves, 
and subsequently abandonee! it, Furlher investigation, it is to be hoped, will clear up this point.'' 

The climate of New Mexico is generally lemperatei constant, aTid healthy. Cmisiderable atmospheric differences, 
however, are experienced in the fountain districts and in the low valley of the Eio Grande. In the latter, the sunmier 
Iieat sometimes rises to 100° Falirenheit, but the nights are always cool and pleasant. The winters are comparatively 
long, and the higher mountains are always covered with snow, and ice and snow are common at Santa Fe, but the main 
river is never frozen over strong enough to admit the passage of horses and carriages. The sky is generally clear and 
dry, owing to the condensation of moisture on the surrounding hills. The months of July and October iuelusive, constitute 
the rainy season, but the rains are neither so heavy nor so regular in tlieir returns as on the more southern part of the 
continenL Disease is little known, except some inflammations and typhoid fevers in the winter season. 

The constitution of society in New M<'xico, irrespective of the changes effected by the intermixture among the people 
of the American residents, is much similar to that of other nations of Spanish origin. Wliile the higher classes conform 
to the dictates of modern fashion, the mass of Ihe people adhere to the manners and customs of former limes. The men 
arc faithfid to their serajif--^, or colored blankets, and to their wide trowscrs, with glittering buttons, and split from hip to 
anele, to give the white cotton drawers a chance to be seenj and the women of all classes retain the reJjoso, or small 
pliawl, drawn over their heads, which gives them .so coquettish an appearance, and adds so greally to their irresistible 
charms. Both sexes enjoy their cigaritos, their siesta, and their evening amusement at monte or fandango. Their dances 
are very graceful, taul combine the waliz an<l quadrille. The prominent ingredient in the Mexican race is their Indian 
bli>od — it is visilile in their features, complexion, in their acta and disposals. The men are ill-featured, but the women are 
gracefid in their deporlJiient and manners. The difference in the sexes are nowhere m»jre observable. The men arc 
huy, mendaeious, treacherous, and cruel, while the women are open-hearted, and when their affections are requited, 
faithful wives; but they are too often considered as mere household druilges. As a general remark, the females are 
devoid of education, but possess a strong common sense and natural aptness and sympathy, which are often of more 
practical use than the most refined book education. The sufferings of the Texans captured while prosecuti.ig the Santa 
F6 expedilicin were much mitigated by the benevolent attentions and disinterested kindnesses of Ihe women— acts which, 
when contrasted with the barbarities and insults heaited ui)on them by the male portion of the inhabitants, wUl ever reflect 
honor on their many virtues. 

New Mexico is divided in seven counties, the general statistics of which, and the capitals of each, in 1S50, were as 
follows: 

Capitals. 

. San Miguel 
. Taos 
. Socorro 
, Valencia 

The whole number of dwellings in the State was, at the above date, 13,453, of families 13.502, and of inhabitants Gl,505, 
viz.: whites 61.4SS— males 31,706, and females 29,782, fr. col. 17— males 14, and females 3. Of the whole population 
there were deaf and dtimh—wh. 14, fr. col. 0— total 14 ; W//t</— wh. OS, fr. col. 0— total 9S ; ima7ie—wh. 11, fr. cnl. 0— 
total 11 ; and f(Uotic—v.h. 3S, fr. col. 0— total 3S. The number of free persons bom in the United States was 59,201, 
the number of foreign birth 2,0(33, and of birth unknown 223. The iiative popniation originated as follows: Me. 12, 
N. llamp. 6, Verm. 8^ Mass. 24, li. 1. 1, Conn. 10, N. Y. 101, N. Jer. 9, Penn. 97. Dek 6, Md. 37, Dist of Col. 12. Virg. 77, 
N. Car. 13, S. Car. IS, Ga. 9, Flor. 5, Ala. 5. Miss. 0. La. 4, Tex. 46, Ark. 17, Tenn. 25, Ky. 62, Ohio 84, Mich. S. Ind. 11. 
111. 24, Mo. 63, la. 3. Wise. 1, Calif. 6, AV/o J/<'xico 5S.4.M, Territories 56 ; an<l the foffign population was composed of 
persons from— England 4:3, Irelan<i 292, Scotland, 29, Wales 1, Germany 215, France 26, Spain 8, Portugal 1, Belgium 0, 
Holland 2, Italy 1, Austria 0, Switzerland 11, Kussia 4, Denmark 2, Norway 2, Sweden 1, Prussia 14, Sardinia 0, Greece 0, 
China 0. British America 3^, Mexico 1.365, West Indies 2, and other countries 5. 

The statistical returns of the wealth, industry, products, etc.. of the Territory, according to the census of 1^50, and other 
official documents referring to the .lame period of time, are as follows : 

OecupUd Lands, ffc— Improve.l farm lands 106,201 acres, and unimproved lands 124.370 acres— valued in cash at 
$1,653.952 ; number of farms under cultivation 3,750 : value of farming implenients an<l machinery $:7,ii00. 

iu-f-.SVocA-.— Uorses, 5,079; asses and mules, 9.654; milch cows, 10.035: working oxen, 12,257; other entile, 10,035; 
Bheep, 377.271 ; swine, 7,314— in the aggregate valued in cash at :M,494,629. 

Products (/vlH/mf//*.— Wool. 32,901 pounds; butter, HI pounds; cheese, 5,S4S pounds; and the value of animals 
slaughtered during the year $S2,125. Neither silk, nor beeswax and honey arc returned by the ci-nsus takers, although it 
is well known that both are produced to a considerable amount. 

Grain and other Food O-cy^^.— Wheat, 190,516 bushels ; rye, bushels ; Indian corn. 365.411 bushel'* : oals, 5 bushels ; 

barley, 5 bushels; and buckwheat, 100 bush(;ls. The other food crops cousisted of 15,6»S bushels of peas, and three 

bushels of Irish potatoes, 

' 551 



CDiirtliea. 


Dwell. 


F,.f. 


F«rm. Minut 
iiitmlt. Eslab. 


Cental,. 


Counties. 


Pwell. 


P..,., 


F.irnis 
III colt. 


M.innr, 
Kbtab. 


Bernalillo... 


..l,6*i. 


. 7,751 . 


. 1« .. . 


Albuquerque 


San Miijuel . . 


. 1,731 . 


, 7,074 . 


. 177 


. . 


Kio Arilia. . . 


.. 2.413 . 


. lO.CCS . 


. 472.. 0. 


CuchiUo 


Taos 


. 3,214 . 


, 9,.'^07 . 


. Col 


.13 . 


Santa Ana. . 


.. 973 . 


. 4,l>4o . 


. 194 .. . 


Jcmcz 


Socorro (new; 


. — . 


— . 


. — 


.. — . 


Santa F6 . . . 


.. l,50t . 


7,713 . 


. 713 .. 6 . 


Sa2)ta Fe 


Valencia 


. 2,S77 . 


. 14,147 . 


. 1,379 


. 1 . 



NEW MEXICO. 



3fi.scel7dineo7is Crops.—Tohacvo, S,-1G7 poiin«is; molasses, 1,236 gallons; and wine, '2,30:5 gallons. Value of orchard 
proijucls, $S,231, and of market-garden pro<Iuctfl, $0,679. 

Home-made Manufactures for tho year ending Ist June, 1S50, were valued ai $0,039. There is but one lanneo' in 
the Territijry with a capilal of $500. 

"The New Mexicans are celebrated for the maniifucture of coarse blankets, which is an article of considemWe traffic 
between them and the southern provinces, as also with the ncisliboring Indians, and on some occasions with the States 
eastward of the country. The finer articles are curiously woven in handsome figures of various colors. These are of 
diflerent qualities, the most ordinary being valued at about two dollars, while those of the finest texture, especially their 
imitations of the scrape Navajo^ will sell for twenty dolhirs or more. There have been also made in New Mexieo a fK.*w 
imilnlions of the serape Saltillero, the blanket of Saltillo, a city of the South, celebrated for the manufacture of the 
most splendid fancy blankets, sinirularly fij^ured with all the colors of the rainbow. These are often sold for more than 
fifty dollars each. "What renders the weaving of the fancy bhmketa extremely tedious is, that the variegation of colors is 
all efit'cted witb the shuttle; the texture in otiier respects I)eing pcrfecliy plain, without even a twill. An additional 
value is set upon the fine serape on account of its being a fashionable substitute for a cloalj. Indeed, tlie inferior serape 
is the only over-dress used by the peasantry in the winter. 

"Besides blankets, the New Mexicans manufacture a kind of coarse twilled woolen stuff called fferga, which is check- 
ered with black and white, and is used for carpets, and also by the peasantry for clothing ; which, in fact, with some other 
shnilar domestic stuffs, together with buckskin, constituted almost the only article of wear they were possessed of. till the 
trade from Missouri furnished them with foreign fabrics at more reasonable prices than they had been in the habit of 
paying to the traders of tlie southern provinces. Their domestic textures are nearly all of wool, there being no flax or 
hemp, and but little cotton spun. The manufacture even of these articles is greatly embarrassed for want of good sjHn- 
ning and weaving machinery. Mueli of the spinning is done with the huso, or malacaie (the whirligig spindle), which 
is kept whirling in a bowl with the fingers, while the thread is drawn. The dexterity with which the females spin with 
this simple apparatus is truly astonishing." — Gregg. 

New Mexico receives most of its foreign goods by the overland route. Thii trade is carried on by caravans that trav- 
erse the desert at stated periods annually. Before IS'22 it had scarcely an existence, but since that lime it luis gradually 
increased and become profitable ; and it is probable that the total value of goods thus annually brought into the territory 
is not less than a million of dollars ; but a great portion of the goods representing this amount is smuggled Into Chihua- 
hua and other Mexican States. The established post or entrepot for depositing the goods brought on the voyage upward 
by the Missouri for the Santa Fe trade, is the town of Independence, situate about twelve miles from the Indian border 
and two or three south of the Missouri River. 

Goternment. — The government is based on the act of Congress approved 9th September, 1550, establishing the Terri- 
tory. It provides — That every free white male Inhabitant 21 years of age, who shall have been a resident of the territory 
at the time of the passage of the act above named, shall be entitled to vole. The right of suflrage and of holding oflice 
shall be exercised only by citizens of the United States, including those recognized as citizens by the treaty with the lie- 
public of Mexico, concluded 2d February, 1S4S. 

The Legislative Assemhhj consists of a Council and House of Representatives. The coimcil consists of 13'raembers, to 
serve for two years, an^ the house of 2G members, to serve for one year. Members are to be residents in and inhabitants 
of the district from which elected. A plurality of votes elects, and in case of a tie, the governor orders a new election. 
All acts passed by the legislature and approved by tho governor, shall be submitted to Congress, and if disapproved, shall 
be of no effect. 

The Governor is appointed by the President of the United States for fi>ur years, and until his successor be qualified. 
He must reside within the territory, and is ftr-o^Wo Superintendent of Indian AtTairs. lie may pardon for otTLMist^s 
against the laws of the Territory, and reprieve convicted offenders against those of the United States, until the will of 
the President be known. A Secretary of State is appointed in like manner, for four years, unless sooner removed, who 
shall act as governor when said olBce is vacant, or the governor is necessarily absent. 

Tho JiuJiciary is vested in a Supreme Court, District Courts, Probate Courts, and in justices of the peace. Tlie supreme 
court consists of a chief justice and two associate justices, any two of whom form a quorum. A term is held at the seat 
of government annually. The Territory is divided into three judicial districts, and a district court is held in each I>y ono 
of the justices of the Superior Court, at sucii time and place as may be prescribed by law, and the said justices are obliged 
to reside in the districts assigned them. The supreme and district courts possess chancery as well as common law juris- 
diction. "Writs of error, exceptions, and appeals from the district courts, lie to the supreme court, but in no case removed 
to the supreme court shall there be a trial by jury. Where the value of property in question exceeds $1,000, final appeal 
lies to the supreme court of the United States, Probate courts are established in the several counties. Justices of tho 
peace are not competent to try any cause in which the boundaries of land may be in controversy, nor where the amount 
claimed exceeds $100. There is also an attorney and marshal appointed for four years. The other township, district, or 
county officers shall be appointed or elected as the law may provide. 

Congressional Delegation. — A delegate to Congress shall be elected by a plurality of the qualified voters. 

"When the lands of the Territory shall be surveyed, under the directions of the general gorernmcnt, preparatory to 
bringing the same into market, sections numbered 16 and 36 in each township shall be reserved for schools iti the Territory, 
and in the slates and territories hereafter to be erected out of the same. The Constitution, and all the laws of the United 
States which are not locally inapplicable, shall have the same force and effect within the Territory as elsewhere within the 
United States ; and no citizen of the United States shall be deprived of his life, liberty, or property, except by the judg- 
ment of his peers and the laws of the land. 

The assessed value of all real and personal estate in the Territory, in 1S50. was $5,174,471. 

Religious Denominatio7}s.—HG\y Mexico is an Apostolic Vicariate of the Roman Catholic CImrch, and at present is 
governed by the Right Rev. John Lamy, D.D., who was consecrated November 24th, 1S50. Aceordinir to the cen-*U3 of 
1S50, the number of churches of tliis denomination, which, before the session of 134S, was tho established religion, and 
that professed by the whole population, was UG. having accommodation for 7<),100 persons, and tho buildings being valued 
as property at $1S8.200. The fact of the country being now a part of the United States has done away with the exclusive 
nature of this church ; and although no other churches are noticed in the official returns as existing within the Territory, 
yet it is assumable that others do exist for the accommodation of those citizen immigrants from the old States whose 
religious views do not coincide with the general and popular creed. Assuredly there is no impediment to their foundation. 
652 



NEW 



NEW 



Ilhtorii-al Sketch. — New Mexico became known to the Spaniards about the year lo^^l, and formal possi-sj'ion was taken 
of liie country in I.VJS. Christianity ami slavery were early and simuUaneousIy introduced among the Indian;*, and roa- 
version and personal service enforced by the sword. The converted In*Iians were maile to live in villages, and were dis.- 
linguished from the roving bands l)y the title of Pitebhs. Many towns, of which oidy tlie ruins now remain, were 
estabhshed at this time. The mines were successfully workcl, and the occup;ition of the countrj' seemed to be secured, 
wiien, quite unexpectedly, in ICSU, a general insurrection of all the Indian trd>es broke out anaiiist the Spanish yoke. The 
Spaniards were cither niassacreil or driven southward, where they foinuk5<l K\ Paso" del Norte. The country was not 
recovered for tea or twelve years. Several insurrections have since occurreil, but none so universal or disagitrous ns this 
one. The deep rancor of the Indians, however, boipieathed from sire to sou for successive generations, slill animates the 
race, and is often displayed in the most bloody and cruel outbreaks, which, however, have nni been very frequent since 
tlie United Slates became master of the country. This country fdllowed the fate of Mexico after the revolution tliat over- 
threw the Spanish power, and since tliat perioil, to within the last few years, has been silently degenenating. The history 
of New Mexico, previous to the invasion by the Americans, has little to arrest attention. It is a continuous record of bar- 
barism and tyranny. On the 8th September, 1S46, Santa Fe was captured by the Americans under General Kearney, 
and soon afler several of the river towns were visiteil on his route to California. A civil government was now estab- 
lished. On the 19lh of January, l-^JT. an insurrection broke out against the Americans, and In several pueblos many 
Americans were nuirdered, among whom w:is Mr. Uent, the governor. Taos, Arroyo-Hondo, and Tiio Colora-lo were tho 
chief scenes of strife. The battles of La Canada and El Kmbudo also occurred in this month, and in February the battle of 
Taos, in all of which the Mexicans were completely vanquished. Some few skirmishes occurred nfler these, but noiui of 
importance, and from this period the United States authorities exercised exclusive power. On the 'Jd February, l>^ls, a 
treaty of peace and cession was signed at Guadalupe Hidalgo, by ■which New Jlexieo was assigned to the iruinn. and on 
the 9th September, IS50, the country within its present limits w;is erected into a territorial govennnent. In the inti-rini, 
however, the people had formed for themselvi-s a State constitution, but this was revoked by Congress, and the country 
remanded back to a territorial condition, under which it is now flourishing and happy. 

Santa Fe, on the cast side of the Kio Grande, is the political capital of the Territory. 



New JficniGAN, p. o., Livingston co., Hi. : DC m. N. E. 
Springfield. 

New MrDDLETOWTi, p. v., Mahoning co., OJiio: 144 m. 
N. E. by E. Columbus. Drained by a cr. of Mahoning r. 

I^EW Miu'oRD, t. and p. v., Litchfield co.. Conn.: 11 m. 
"W. S. W. Hartford. 3*2 m. N. "\V. by W. New Haven, on 
Housaloiiic r. and It. E.. 87 m. from Bridgeport, Surface 
uneven and hilly : soil gravelly and clay loam, well watered 
by Housatonic river and its branches. The t. contains 10 
churches, several tamierii's, and mills. Tlie v. is very hand- 
eome. the streets being wide and well shaded. Population 
of t. 4.5113. 

Nkw Mn-FOED, p. o.,"Wiunibago co.,IIl.: 1S3 ra.N. by E. 
Springfield, 

New MiLFOKn, p. o.. Orange co., K Y.: 102 m. S. by 'W. 
Albany. 

New MiLFor.D, t. ami p. v., Susquehanna co,, Penn.: 
124 m. N. N. E. Harrisburg. Drained by Milciieirs ami 
Salt Lick creeks; the surface is hilly, with a soil r.f clay and 
gravel. There is some manufacturing done in the t. The 
Lackawanna and Western K. It. passes through the t., and 
connects with the New Tork and Erie It. E., 6 m. disLant. 

New Milltows, p. o,, Lancaster co., Penn. : 38 m. S. E. 
Ilarrisburg. 

New Milton, p. o., Doddridge co., Virg. : 214 m. N. W. 
Eichmond. 

New Mount Pleasant, p. o., Monroe co., Penn.: 9S m. 
N. E. Ilarrisburg. 

New Moi'xT Pleasant, p. v.. Jay co., Ind. : 67 m. N. E. 
Indianapolis. A plank-road from Bluflfton to Eichmond 
passes through the v. 

Newkan. p. v., and cap. Coweta co., Ga. : 97 m-W. by N. 
Milledgeville. It contains the court-house, jail, and several 
stores. The La Grange R. E. passes through the v., 40 ra. 
from Atlanta. The " Georgia Banner" (dem.) is published 
■weekly. 

Newnansvtlle, p. v., and cap. Alachua county, Finr. : 
122 m. E. S. E. Tallahassee. It cnnhiins a U. S. land office. 

New Ohio, p. c, Broome co., K. Y.: 112 ra. W. S. W. 
Albany. 

New Orleans, p. city, port of entry, and cap. Orleans 
par.. La.: on the E. or left bank of the Mississippi river, 
10.5 m. above its mouth, and in a direct line TS m. S. E. 
Eaton Eo\i2e. Lai. 29^ 57' 30" N.. and lone. 90^ W. 

A traveler ia struck on entering the city "wilh tho old 
and narrow streets, the higii houses oniamented with taste- 
ful cornices, iron balconies, and many other circumstances 



peculiar to towns in France and Spain, and pointing out 
the past history of this city, fated to change its masters so 
often." The newer parts of the city are, however, built 
more in the American style, the streets being wide and 
regularly laid out. Many of the dwellings are built in a 
style of magnificence and beauty that will rival thos^; of any 
other city, while the beautiful grounds attached to tbem, 
filled with the luxuriant foliage of the south, give to them an 
air of comfort and ease which are seldom enjoyed by the 
city resident. There are in the city six public S(iuarra. laid 
out with taste, inclosed with handsome fencing, and 
adorned with a variety of trees and shrubbery, Titese 
alford a pl<-asant rt-lreal from the heat and glare of the 
slreetji, and tend also to improve tho health of the oily. 
The old city is built in the form of a parallelogram. The 
present city consists of this part, the suburbs of St. Man'^s, 
Anuneiation, and La Course, called Faubourgs, and the City 
of Lafayette above, and the suburbs of Maugney, Dournois* 
and Declouet below, and Treme and St. John in the rear. 
Including these, it extends about 5 miles along the river, and 
is rapidly being extended back tt>ward Lake Pontebarlrain, 
witti which it communicates by means of the Bfislti, Canal, 
and Bayou St. John, with Mobile, Pensacola, and the 
whole Gulf shore. It also communicates by means of the 
bayoux Plaquemlne and Lafourche with the Attakapas 
country, and has many other communications by means of 
the numerous bayoux and lakes with the lower part of 
Louisiana. 

The charter of this now opulent city was granted in 1^05. 
In 1S36 it was thought advisable to divide the city into 
three separate" munieipalilies. each with distinct municipal 
powers. These muineipalities extended backward six miles 
to Lake Pontchartrain. The first mutiicipalily w:us di\ ided 
into five ward*, and the second and third into four wards 
each. Each liad a recorder and twelve aldermen, excefjl 
the third, which had only seven aldermen. A inaynr and 
twelve al'lermen, four aldermen from each municipality, 
elected by general "ticket, and called the general c.uncil, 
presided over the whole city. This system w.as .altfTLil in 
IS.52, wlien ttie city was organized into one eoinminiity, 
embracing also the city of Lafayette, under a single admin- 
istration. 

The Mississippi opposite tho city is half n mile wide, and 
from KW* to lUO f-et deep, and contitiues of this depth to 
near the Gulf, wliere there are bars, having only from 13 to 
IG feet of w.at'T. The eitv is built on an inclined plane, tho 
declivitv falling gently from the riviT to the swamps in the 

553 



NEW 



NEW 



rear. At high water it is from three to nine feet below the 
water surface, and, to protect it from inundation, an em- 
bankment culled llie Levee is raised on ils border. *' Levee" 
is a French word of primarj' importance within the Slate of 
Louisiana ; it pervades its statute books, and is hoard daily 
within \\A lialls of justice. There is little or no land on the 
banks of tlie river in this State, if we except an inconsider- 
abl"- qiiantily in the neighborhood of liaion K<iuge, which 
wt.iuld not be covered with the waters of the Mi3sii<3ii>pi in 
the fpriiij? months, were it not for the artificial embank- 
ment which the industry of man has raised to exclude 
them. The Levee of New Orleans is one continuous land- 
intr-place or quay, four miles in extent, and of an average 
width of 100 feet. It is 15 feet above low water mark, and 
6 feet above the level of the city, to which it is graduated by 
an easy descent. Like the river it margins, it holds a ser- 
pentine course, advancing or receding as the Mississippi 
encroaches upon the city, or falls off toward the opposite 
bank. It is constructed of deposit, a rich alluvion swept 
from the N., and held in suspension by the waters until 
their rapidity is checked by a sudden change of direction, or 
swollen to overflowing, they spread over the adjacent swamps 
again to retire and again to bless the land they have visited 
by an increase of soil. The deposit is so great, and the con- 
sequent formation of new land so rapid immediately in 
front of that portion of the quay, which is most used for the 
purposes of commerce, that it has within a few years be- 
come necessary to build piled wharves, jutting out from 50 
U* 100 feet into the river. The new formation which is 
governed as to ils locality by what may well be termed the 
freaks of the Mississippi, is called '• batture,'' and when it 
h:is progressed to such an extent as to be left bare by the 
returning water at its lowest stage, is held capable of own- 
ership. Here m.ay be seen what New Orleans was before 
the application of steam to navigation. Hundreds of long, 
narrow, black, dirty-looking, crocodile-like rafls lie slug- 
gishly without moorings upon the soil batture, and pour out 
iheir contents upon the quay — a heterogenous compound of 
the products of the Upper Mississippi and its tributaries. 
These are rafis, or flat-boats, as they are technically called, 
each frequently carrying cargoes valued at from $3,000 to 
$15,000. Twenty years ago, and these were the only craft 
on the river I nor h.os their number been decreased since 
the introduction of the steamboat. Not less characteristic 
of New Orleans is the landing of the latter class of crafl. 
The quay is here all action, and the very water is covered 
with life. Huge vessels float upon its bosom which ac- 
knowledge none of the powers of air and wait no tide. One 
is weighed down to the guards with cotton, a freight of 
3.000 bales— $180,000! Twenty more lie side by side laden 
with the same commodity. Huge piles, bale upon bale, 
elory above story, cover the levee. Pork without end. as if 
the Ohio had emptied its lap at the door of New Orleans; 
ami flour by the thousand barrels rolled out upon the quay 
and heaped up— a large area is covered with these two 
products of the up-country, and still appears seemingly un- 
diminished, although the seller, the buyer, and drayman 
are busy in the midst of it. Here is a boat freighted with 
lead from Galena ; and another brings furs and peltry 
from the head waters of the Missouri, S.OOO miles to the 
north-west! The Illinois, the Ohio, the Missouri, the Ark- 
ansiis, and Red lUver, all are tributaries to this commercial 
dep6t. and send down to its whnrves merchantable material 
of the annual v.alue of one hundred million- ofdoUurs more 
or less. Nearly 20.000 miles of inland navigation is tribu- 
tary to this city. The quay appropriated to the foreign and 
coastwise shipping presents another and a different scene. 
Here the cotton bale, tobacco hogshead, pork and flour bar- 
rel, and the whisky cask yield to bales of foreign and do- 
mestic manufactures, pipes of wine, and crates of wares. 
The shipping stretches away as far as the eye can reach, 
two miles or more in extent three tiers deep, with their 
beads to the current curving with the rirer— a beautiful 
554 



crescent. The English, the French, the Spanish, the Dane, 
the Russian, the Swede, the Hollander, etc., are here com- 
mingled, and compete for the commerce of tho teeming 
West. 

The following statistics will exhibit the extent and value 
of the trade of New Orleans, in l)r50-51 : 

1. — Receipts down the Misslsaippi, from the interior: 

Apples brls.. 54,508 1 Hay bis. . 4S,2S1 



Bacon 


.cks. . 


4.8,603 


Iron, pig .. 


..tons . 


1.53 


Bacon 


.brls.. 


9,274 


Lard 


..tcs... 


115,570 


Bacon, hams. " .. 


44,478 


Lard 


..kgs. 


157,981 


Bacon in bit 


.lbs. . 


235,000 


Lime 


i.brls.. 


37,733 




.pes. . 
.coils. 


72.304 


Lead 




825,505 
629 


Bale rope.. 


107,224 


Lead 


..bars. 


Beans 


.brls.. 


4.236 


Lead, while 


..kegs. 


1,9SD 


Butter 


.kegs. 


54,907 


Molasses. . . 


..brls.. 


1S4,4S3 


Butler 

Beeswax ... 


.brls.. 
.brK. 


2,720 
2.30 




(( 


479,741 


Onions 


u 


14,297 


Beef 


.bl.&lc. 45,006 


Oil, linseed 


u 


473 


Beef, dried.. 


.lbs. . 


15,300 


Oil, castor.. 


" 


4,145 


Buff, robes. 


.pks.. 


155 


Oil, lard... 


. . " .. 


17,151 


Cot.,La.&Jl 

" Lake... 


bales 


CIS.156 
14,399 


Pickles.... 


ti 


693 


Potatoes... 


192,923 


" N.Ala. & 




Pork 


« 


TS6,0S4 


Ten. . . . 


« 


2.36,521 


Pork 


..bxs. . 


1,930 


" Ark.... 


(( 


62,798 


Pork 


..hhds. 


1,231 


" Monlg. . 


(( 


15,051 


Pork in bnlk.lbs. .10,513,895 


" Mobile.. 


u 


24,473 


Porter & ale 


..brls.. 


334 


" Flori.ia 


. " .. 


11,091 


Packing yara.rls. . . 


4,100 


" Texas.. 


t( 


9,252 


Skins, deer 


.pks.. 


1,119 


Com meal . . 


.brls.. 


8,663 


Shot 


..kgs. 


2,044 


Corn in ears 


. " .. 


42,526 


Sugar. 


.hhds. 


125,755 


Com shelled. sks. . 


1,29S,I).32 


Sugar 


.brls.. 


18,675 


Cheese 


.bxs. . 


7S,S94 


Soap 


.bxs. . 


9,434 


Candles 


. " . 


80,743 


Shingles... 




50,000 


Cider 


.brl.s.. 


215 


Staves 




9,000,000 


Coal, western.bsh. . 


700,000 


Tallow.... 


.brls.. 


6,164 


Brd. peaches 


. " . 


2.6S5 


Tobacco, leaf. hhJs. 


64,030 


Dried apples 


K 


4,163 


Tobacco, 


^kgs.. 


4,115 


Flax-seed . . 


tcs... 


2"4 


chewing. 


Flour 


brls.. 


941,106 


Tobacco . . . 


.bis... 


220 


Furs 


pkgs. 


1,239 


Twine 


.bdls.. 


8,156 


Feathers. . . . 


.bgs.. 


8.645 


Whisky . . . 


.brls.. 


157,741 


Hemp 


bis. . 


25.116 


Window glassb.\s. . 


16,4-23 


Hides 


No.. 


140,333 


Wheat, brls. 


&sks.. 


SS,797 



T.iIueinlS50-51,$106,924,0S3 I Value in 1343^9, $81,939,093 
" 1S49-50, 96,317,873 1 " 1317-43, 79,770,151 

2.^Eeceipts by Lake Pontchartrain and the New Canal : 



Cotton 


..bis. 


40.329 


Tobacco, leaf. b,\'s. . 


7S8 


Timber . . . 


..feet 


83,107,000 


Merchandise. bxs. . 


23 


Wood 


.crds. 


27.320 


Moss 


.bis. . 


205 


Bricks 


..No. 


24,000.000 


Cotton seed 


..bgs.. 


95 




..brls. 


. 197,600 
52.200 


Wool 


.hhds. 




Shells 


Sugar 


970 


Charcoal .. 


. " . 


110,600 


Molasses... 


.brls.. 


773 


Tar 


u 


2,2.39 


Fish 


. " .. 


50 


Shingles .. 


.No. 


2,392,000 


Knees 


.No.. 


1,430 


Laths 


u 


8,160,000 


Pickets 


u 


24,900 

43,900 

183 




,1 


&32,O00 


Clapboards. 
Gunnv bags 


(( 


Sash and door prs. 


7,Sl)0 


.bis. . 


Sp, Turp. . . 


.brls. 


8,094 


Hoop poles 


.No.. 


40,000 


I'osin 


. " . 


10.2,')0 


Horned cattle. " .. 


200 


Salt 


.sks. . 


15,799 


Pork 


.brls.. 


95 


Cotton gins. 


.No. 


M9 


Paper 


.bdls. 


61 


Hides 


. " .. 


3,95.5 


Castor oil... 


.cans. 


81 


Corn mills. 


. " . 


70 


Lime 


.brls.. 


1.003 


Domestics. . 


.bis. . 


959 


Lime 


.cks. . 


129 


Sheepskins 


. " . 


8 


Hemp 


.bis... 


20 


Hay 


. " . 


85 


Cement 


.brls.. 


150 


Buckets . . . 


.doz. 


633 


Plaster 


.hhds. 


13 



NEW 



NEW 



8. — Principal exports, coasUvise, iuclmraig exports via I'ontchartrain Kallroad and New Canal, to Mobile, etc. 



Cotton. 
Ports. B;ile-^ 

New York 52,393 . 



. S'2,640 . 
. 14,567 , 
. 2,511 . 



Boston 

Philadelphia 
Baltimore . . 

Charleston — 

Savannah — 

Norfolk, etc. ... — 

Alexandria — 

Mobile — 

Appal.ac., etc. .. — 

Other ports 501 



Hli()9. Hli.ls. 

10,057 .. :8,.-)a5 .. 

i,;m.. 7*i.. 

I.IIS . . 10.2M . . 



75i .. 



CTO .. 



— .. 4.0T-2 . 

— . . SMO ■ 

— .. I.OVI . 
201 . . 2,s.38 . 



Flour. 
Hnrrel3. 
72,,5S4 . . 
SS,923 . . 
413.. 

6,175 .. 



055 . 

27 . 
867. 
237 . 
COO . 

^9 . . — 



Pork. 
Barrels. 
65,849 . 
77,SII0 . 

bfiiS . 
13.421 . 

1.003 . 



9,S56 
6.503 
2,763 
1.543 
2,S72 



I.iirJ. 
KeRS. 
.209,S23 . 
.224,333 . 
. 41,04.i 
. 32.5S5 
, . 2,769 



2.266 . 

2;.4 . 

3,469 . 



150,060 . . 22,s90 . . 10,972 . . 40,040 . 



Beer. 

Barretj. 

3,0.'>5 . 

13,4-35 . 

421 . 

955 . 

119 . 



8,1 



WIo>ky. 
'linrrels 
. 1,351 . 
. 2,242 . 
26,5 . 
. l,,^' . 
. 11,514 . 



160.T25 
, 82.401 
. 9.477 

, 23.973 



50,353.. 150,125 



4. — Principal exports to foreign countries, in 1540-50 : 

Cotton. ToL.irco. 

CooMtrJ". B;,le.^. Hlids. 

Great Britain, .552.373 13,223 

France 130,362 4.1S2 

North of Europe 47,750 9,393 

South of Europe, etc S4,120 13,530 

Flour, 264,356 barrels; pork, 16.230 brls. ; lard, 1SS,.353 
ke^s; beef, 20,645 barrels ; com, 168,613 sacks. 

The arrivals tit New Orleans from the interior, etc., in 1849- 
50 were : _fiat boats 941— from Ohio 21S, from Kentucky 55, 
iTom Indiana 29S, from Virginia 12, from Pennsylvania 222, 
from Illinois 19, from Tennessee 104, and from Mississippi 
10 : and the rii'er st^samhoats 2,918. 

The total value of domestic merchandise exported from 
New Orleans to foreign countries from the 1st July, lSr)0, to 
SOlh June, 1551, amounted to $.53,985,013, of which to the 
value of $35,022,609 was carried in Aineriean. and .$15,965,41)4 
in foreign bottoms ; and the total value of foreign merchan- 
dise re-e.vported was $445,050, of which to the value of 
$388,265 was carried in American, and $57,655 in foreign 
bottoms. The following are the entrances and clearances 
in the foreign trade in the year above named : 

ClXAEANCES : 



Foreign, 



Quarter ending 



Vessels. Tonnage. 

SOlh September, 1S50....1C9.... 44,.549. 

81st December, " ....114.... 5.3.940. 

SLst March, 1851.. ..18S.... 85.747. 

80th June, " ....2:34. . ..108.716. 



Vee&ela. Tonn.ige, 
. 63,... 19.867 
. 60.... 20,037 
.119,... 53.762 
. SS.... 34,383 



Total 045. .. .292,958. .. .325. . . .128,949 



Entbaxces : 

Quarter ending 

SOth September, 1850. 
31st December, " . 
Slst March, 15,51. 

SOth June, " . 

Total... 



Vessels. 
,.. 01. 

,..1.53. 
,..178. 



Tonnnge. 
.. 16,177. 
.. 01.457. 
.. 64.104. 



.. 42.. 
..106.. 
.. 97.. 



.146.... 53,365.... S3 
.543 



14..347 
40,827 
45.20S 
36.618 



.195,136 

Casti Lial,ilitie3. 



8-33.... 187,000 



The total number of entrances in the coastwise trade in 
1850-51 wasl,227 vessels, of tlic aggregate burden of 35.3,175 
tons, and the tola! number of clearances was 1,178, of the 
aggregate burden of 4;5,'',802 tons. 

The manufactures of New Orleans are not extensive. 
There are several furnaces, machine shops, distilleries, 
sugar refineries, lumber yards, steam saw-mills, tobacco 
factories, etc. — in all using a capital of some three millions 
of dollars ; and besides these there are the handicraft com- 
mon to all large cities, which in the aggregate make up a 
respectalile list of occupations. The most extensive foundry 
and machine shop of the south-west is that of John Leeds 
& Co. in this city ; it employs 175 men, and from 4 to 5 tons 
of metal are daily melted down and run off into the thou- 
sand-and-one things f(.ir which iron and br.iss may be used 
— a steam-engine and sugar-mill down to a nut and screw. 
This establishment has grown up from a little shop owned 
by the father of one of the principals 20 years ago, and is a 
fair illustration of what, from small beginnings, American 
energy, perseverance, and enterprise, can accomplish. Its 
cotton presses are among tiie largest in the Union, and cover 
an immense area. The New Orleans Cotton Pressoccupiea 
an area of 194,650 square feet, most of which is covered by 
the buildings. On an average, 160,000 bales of cotton ara 
annually pressed at this establisliment. The market houses 
of New Orleans are in gener.al substantial and expensive 
buildings; the meat market on the Levee is a conspicuous 
building, and is one of the principal objects seen from the 
river; St Mary's Market is 456 feet long, and 42 feet in 
width; and Washington Market is also an extensive build- 
ing. These are well supplied with all kinds of south-west- 
ern produce, and abound in tropical fruits and esculents. 
The retail trade of New Orleans is extravaganUy provided 
for ; its stores and sales-rooms are magnificent, and their pa- 
tronage beyond precedent large. The dress, habits, and 
customs of the inhabitants require this lavish exhibition of 
merchandise, and they willingly support it at an immense 
cost to individu.al revenue. The New Orleans banks are 
seven in number, and their condition on the 30th Nov., 
1S50, was as follows : 



Caali Assets. 



Banks— Specie paying. Ctrcnlation. 

Louisiana Bank $531,239 . 

Canal and Banking Co 1,301.595 . 

Louisiana State Bank 1,712.975 . 

Mechanics' andTraders'Bank 9S2.S.'i5 . 

Union Bank 25,510 . 

Non Specie paying. 

Citizens' Bank 11.061 . 

Consolidated Asaociation 20,295 . 



Total, 

. $3,939,406 , 

. 2,761,022 , 

. 4.448,714 , 

. 8,163,013 , 

69,593 

13,608 
21,047 



Specie, 

. $1,354,053 
. 1,120.140 , 
. 1.649,04.5 
. 1,520.057 
81,717 

14.448 
7,694 



Total. 

$5,701,.551 . 

3,895,059 . 

4,971,969 , 

4,177.313 . 

403,063 

245.008 
14,767 



tal. 



Total Liabilities. 
exclu-.ieol'< 

. . . . $3,930,4110 
. ... 2.70I.O2S 
.... 4,445,714 
.... 3,153,543 
00,893 

0,943.496 
1,C3«,491 



Total 
Assets, 

$5,Si;2,741 
7,010.066 
6.715.741 
6.22^,457 
4,450,031 

6,4.57.779 
1.251.139 



Totol $4.8:33,8.31 ...$14,407,5,38 ....$5,700,059 ...$10,409,333 ...$22,954,571 ...$39,546,004 

wings .are SI feel by 29 feet, the whole of three stories. The 
coinage at this branch is only gold and silver. For the year 
ending 1st July, 1551, the value of gold deposits w.as 
$8.28.5,037, and of gold money coincil, $5,994,000 ; of the de- 
posits, $5,152,579 was California gold, and of the coinage, 

565 



A branch of the United States mint is located here ; also 
the U. S. land office for the land district of New Orleans ; 
the U. S. custom-house, and other federal establishments. 
The mint has extensive buildings on the Esplanade : the 
main edifice is 283 feet long and 108 feet deep, and its two 



NEW 



NEW 



$6,670,000 were Uouble eagles, *1,495,000 eagles, $105,000 
half eacles, ^510,000 quarter eagles, and $154,000 dollar 
pieces; and the value of silver deposils was $S22,0S5, of 
which ?ir)7.573 was silver extracted from California gold, and 
of the coinago .t:i.000 were dollar pieces, $550,000 half dol- 
lars, $63,000 quarter dollars, $o3,ii00 dimes, $51,500 half 
dimes, and $1S.OOO three cent pieces. Total deposits, 
$;M07,7-2-2 — coinage, $10,044,500. The custom-house at this 
place, when completed, will be one of the moat expensive 
buildings in the X'nion, ami a great ornament to the city. It 
is situate on the Levee at the corner of Canal Street. The 
buiMing will also contain apartments for the U. S. Courts, 
and other accommodations tor the general government. It 
will be almost as large as the Capitol at Washington with 
the additions now being made. The material is to come 
from the celebrated Quincy quarries. On the right and 
lea of the oathedr.al on the Place d'Armes are the district 
and city offices — one in the Tuscan and the other in the 
Boric style, and both two stories high. These accommodate 
the city council, the courts of the district and parish, the 
police, city guard, etc. New Orleans was capital of the 
State until 1S49, in which year the State records wore re- 
moved to Baton Kouge. The old State-house, formerly the 
Cliarity Hospital, is a good building, occupies a square be- 
tween Common and Canal streets, and consists of :i main 
building and two detaclied wings. 

New Orleans is magnificent in its church buildings, 
though there are complaints that there is not sufficient ae- 
conunodalion for the large population it contains. Includ- 
ing chapels, there are 19 Catholic places of worship. The 
Cathedral of St. Louis, on the Place d'Armes, is a venerable 
and Imposing structure- It was founded in 1792 by Don 
Audr6 on the condition that masses be offered every Satur- 
day evening for the repose of his soul, and the tolling of the 
bell at sunset on that day still proclaims the observance of 
the custom. The Episcopalians, Presbylerians, Methodists, 
etc., have also churches. The Methodist church on the cor- 
ner of Poydras and Carondolet streets is a splendid copy 
of the temple of Theseus, with a steeple 170 feet in height. 
The Second Presbyterian church in Lafayette Square, is also 
a handsome structure, and has a fine portico of Grneco-Doric 
architecture. The Episcopal churches, of which there are 
3, are substantial, without any distinguishing features. 

The newspaper press of New Orleans is world-renowned, 
and its issues are among the most talenteil in the Union. 
ThtTe are 9 daily newspapers, the " Crescent" (ncut.\ the 
" Delta" C^fm-). ilie "Picayune"" (whig), the " True Delta" 
(neul.), all of wliicli also issue weekly editions, the '* IJulletiu'" 
(whig), which has also a semi-weekly edition, the ** Orlean- 
ean" (nout), the "State Gazette" (dcm.), the "Bee'- (whig), 
and the " Courier" (dem.) The " Franco-American" is issued 
tri-weckly, and tltc "Prices Current" semi-weekly. The 
weeklies are "La Propagatour Catholique" (relig.), and 
" La Patria" (whig). De Bow's " Ueview of the Southern 
and Western States" (statistical), is published monthly. The 
last-named is one of the most usefid and cumpletc works of 
the kind in the Union, and ought to be in the library of 
ever}' person wishing to keep up with the progress of the 
country. The " Resources of the Southern au'l Western 
States" lately published by Professor De Bow, is also a work 
of great and lasting value, more exact and detailed in its 
gubjects than any work hitherto issued from the An)ericau 
jircss. and has been of essential service in the compilation 
of this Gazetteer. 

The means provided for education aro ample. Besides 
the public schools and academies, the city contains several 
collegiate establishments an<l literary institutions. The Uni- 
versity was founded In 1S49. The buildings consist of a 
central edifice 100 feet front and 104 feet deep, with two de- 
tached wings. The main building is occupied by the medi- 
cal department, and contains three large lecture-rooms, 
each of which will contain more than 600 persons, a larire 
museum of anatomy, dissecting-rooms, etc., and the other 
556 



buildings are appropriated to the academic, law, and other 
departments. ThiTe are 7 professors in the academic de- 
partment, 3 in the law department, antl 7 in the medical 
department. There is also a chair of political economy, at 
present ably filled by Professor J. D. B. De Bow, head of the 
Census Bureau at Washington. The students in the medi- 
cal department eiyoy clinics in the Charity Hospital, an insti- 
tution which surpasses all others in the United States as a 
schoul of practiced instruction. This hospital is situate on 
Common Street, between St. Mary and Girond streets, and is 
•290 feet long, and three stories high. There are generally 
1,000 patients in the wards. In 1S51 the whole number of 
patients admitted was 1S,476, discharged 15,989, and <Ued 
1,>S4, leaving 1,603. The surgical cases numbered about 
2,600; and about one-half the medical cases were intermit- 
tent and remittent fevers— of the first 6,871 cases, and of the 
latter 2,366 cases are reported. From the cupola of the 
building the view is magnificent. This institution is the 
refuge alike of the citizen and stranger in times of sickness, 
and is attended chiefly by those exemplary women whose 
deeds of charity reflect so great an honor on the Catholic 
Church. 

New Orleans has nine cemeteries: the Protestant, the 
Catholic, Cypress Grove, the Odd Fellows', St. Vincent de 
Paul, St. Patrick's. Potter's Field, the Charity Hosi>ilal, and 
Lafayette. These are all conspicuous appendages of the 
city. The Catholic and Protestant cemeteries are unique in 
place and method of interment. Each is inclosed in a hrtck 
wall of arched cavities, or ovens, as they arc here caUed, 
made just large enough to admit a single coffin, and raised 
tier upon tier to the height of about 12 feet, with a thickness 
of 10. The whole inclosure is divided into plats, with gravel 
paths intersecting each other at right angles, and is densely 
covered with tombs built wholly above ground, and from 
one to three stories in height. This method of sepulehre is 
adopted from necessity, and burial underground is never 
atti-mpted excepting in the Potter's Field, where the stranger 
without friends, and the poor without money find an uncer- 
tain rest, the water witli which the soil is always saturated 
oflen forcing the cofTm and its contents out of its narrow 
and shallow cell, to rot with no other covering than the arch 
of heaven. The cemeteries here indeed look as if modeled 
after a growing city. The tombs have an air of freshness 
about them; the peculiarity of their structure, their close 
juxtaposition, filling plats like blocks of buildings, the well- 
graveled walks between, the walls about the whole, with 
their numerous receptacles o( the dea<l, rising story above 
story, almost persuade the visitor that he sUmds in the midst 
of a panorama of the great mart of commerce, the former 
inhabitants of which now inhabit these cities of the dead. 
The total number of burials in the several cemeteries in 
1S49 was 9,S62, of which 3,509 were of foreigners. 1,S0S of 
the United Stales, of which number only 774 were natives 
of New Orleans, and 4,9S5 of birth unknown. These facta 
speak' volumes— <me half the deaths of persons without 
name or country ! and yet thousands press on to fill the void 
thus created, and in their turn to be numbered with tho 
unknown dead. 

The hotels and theatres of New Orleans are also distin- 
guishing features of the city, and among its most splendid 
buildings the St. Charles Theatre, on the east side of St. 
Charles Street, cost about $350,000, and is 132 feet long, by 
170 feet deep. The Orleans, or French Theatre, is also a 
large and expensive building, running from Orleans Street 
to St. Anne Street, and the performances are done in the 
French language, Tlie American theatre, comer of Camp 
aiul Poydras streets, is 160 feet by 60, and cost about $1.30.000. 
These three theatres will in the aggregate aeconimod.ate 
4,500 persons, and are nightly filled, oflen to sufToeation. 
Amtmg the hotels, the pritu-ipal are St. Charles', Exchange, 
City Exchange. Verandah, Orleans, and others, almost equal 
in extent and good accommodations. Some of these are not 
surpassed in beauty of structure, substantiality, and popular- 



NEW 

Uy by any i" H'c Unimi. The St. Chart, s' was .Kslrnyu.l liy 
Are in 1S60. and is now being rebuilt on a more magnifleent 
ecale than before, at a cost eslimaleil at Jlinn.ilOil. As the 
majority of persons liaving l)usiness in Itie eily reside tlierc 
only temporarily, these are eon.slaully er .wded ivilh boarders. 
The city is supplied with water Irom thellississijipi. The 
water-works, which belone to the I'oinm.rcial l;atd<. cost 
about .tT'Jo.Ono. The reservoir, into wliicirthe water is 
raised by a steam-engine, is eonstrueted on an artilieiat 
moUTid, and is 21 feet high at its l.:ise, with siiles 2!i(l reel 
in leii!;th. and capable of conlainin;,' nearly lli,O0li,«l0 gal- 
lons, The reservoir has four eouiparlnu'uls, and when the 
water is cleared, it is ilistributed through iron pipes to the 
city. There is also an aqueduct built at the expense of the 
city, costing i;12il,ll(ll), which, by conducting water to cleanse 
the gutters, teiuls greatly to neutrali/o or wash away the 
flilh of the streets, and to the promotion of general health 
in the hot season. 

Xew Orleans, from its low silu.-ition. more than from its 
warm ami moist climate, sulTers periodically from tho yel- 
low fever. No summer, indeed, passes over without the 
Tisilidion of this terrible malady, and it not nnfreiiuenlly 
rages as an epidemic. In IS41, '4.3, '4T, this distemper was 
very fatal, while in 1S42, •«, '4(i, '4S, and '4ft, the immber of 
cases were comparatively snuill, and in 1.S45 only one case 
is reported. In 1S4T the admissions into the Charity Hospi- 
tal, on account of yellow fever, numbered no less than 2,SU, 
and the admissions for intermittent and remittent fevers 
were eoimnensurately great, having been nearly 4,i)ii0. 
These visitations have no doubt been the nu-ans of retard- 
ing Uie growth of the city, but that the salubrity of tlie cli- 
mate is gradually being improved is certain, and wlien in a 
few years the s\\ amps in the neighborhood are lilled in. tho 
location will be as healthy as that of any other southern 
port. Durhig the winler and spring the climate is reputed 
he(dtliy, and thousands flock to the city from all quarters of 
the wori.l— some for health, others for pleasure, and still 
more in connection with the immense business of all kiuds 
which is here transacted. 

Terliaps no cily of the Union is so diversified in its popu- 
lation. The suimy isles of the Antilles, Mexico, Central 
America, ami South America, France and Spain, and the 
other States of Europe, and the sister States northward, have 
each represcnlalives among the iidiabitants. Tho colored 
races, however, preponderate, and slave or free make up one- 
half at least. Of the while races, the American, French, and 
Spanish constitaleUie larger portion, and intheseclasses are 
found what may be denominated the aristocracy. The Irish 
here, as in other quarters, though forming a largo class, are 
butihe ■■ hewers of wood and drawers of water"— the laborers 
and levee-men, respeelable only on election day and among 
themselves. The English and Scutch aie few in proportion, 
and arc eliielly connected with the foreign commerce as mer- 
chants or factors, seldom remaining longer in the cily than is 
necessary l'> ir the transaction of their particular busiueus : nor 
do the Germans form a hirge class. This admixture of races 
is in some <lcL'ree einbarriis-sing : so many languages, various 
customs and manners, and in haliits so different, no thor- 
ough amalgamation can lake place ; ami it is even necessary 
to support newspapers an<l periodicals of different lan- 
guages, each of which in its opiinons and ideas is at vari- 
ance with the other. But this circumstance has also its 
rdvanlages— it elicits much that is useful and cosmopolitan, 
tending to soften the asperity of nationalities, and to the fra- 
ternization of races. The vices and virtues of such a com- 
munity stand in bold relief, anil Sunday bull-bailing, gaming, 
and balls, contrast harshly with the divine exercises appro- 
priate to that day of rest. 

The railroads diverging from Kew Orleans arc a^ yet few 
in number, designed chiefly to faeUitate the transit of goods 
by short routes to and from the adjacent shipping places. 
These are the roads to Lake Pontcharlrain, to Lake llorgne. 
and to Carrollton on the Missisiippi. The commercial men 



NEW 

of the city, however, have determined upon the prosecution 
of several important lines, which will secure to it a com- 
merce which was fast lapsing to the Atlantic ports. The 
jirineipal of Ihese are the New Orieans, Jackson, and Norlh- 
ern \l. 1'.. ; the N'ew Orieans, Opelousas, and Great Western 
K. K. : the New Orleans and Nashville 11. E. ; and a rail- 
road from Mobile, connecting with the navigation of Lake 
ronleliarlraiii. which will supersede the tedious navigation 
of the pa.«ses along the southern sliore of Mississippi. The 
canals of New Orieans have been opened with the same 
design as that hiimied by the existing railroads 

0|ipnsitc to New Orieans, and connecting with it by a 
fc-rry, is the town of Algiers, the principal workshop of the 
city', llcre are several extensive ship-yards, and numerous 
artisans engaged in building and repairing vessels. At 
Macdonough, above and luljoining it, is the United States 
Marine Hospital, a splendid bull. ling, used for the purpose 
its name designates. Belleville lies below and also adjoins 
.\Igiers. and has many fine residences. Many of the seats 
in the suburbs of the city arc surrounded with spacious 
gardens, splendidly ornamented with orange, lemon, mag- 
nolia, and other trees. 

The history of New Orleans in its eariy epochs is Ihal of 
tho whole French settlements in Lower Lfiuisiana. This 
will be found under its ajiproprialc caption. The city 
was founded in 1717. and named afler the Due d'Or- 
leans, then regent of France, liul the sile was abandoned 
soon afler, and not settled .again until 1722. Soon after this 
it began to jirospcr, and constant accessions were m.ade to 
the population by the arrival of immigrants. By the treaty 
of 17C3, New Orieans. with all Louisiana west of the Missis- 
sijipi, was transferred to Spain by treaty. The po|)iilalion 
now numbered -3,190. The transfer greatly ]irovoked the 
French inluabitants, and some opposition was made, but in 
the end the Spanish laws were gradually introduced, and, 
by a bencflccnt administration, the cily so flourished under 
the new government, that the population in 17S5 had in- 
creased to 4,9SO— a great movement in those days. In 1792, 
the city was divided into four wards, and its police greatly 
improved, and two years later the first newspaper was pub- 
lished. The country was prosperous at the ounmencement 
of tho French llevolutioa; but in ISOl, Spain having fallen 
into the power of France, it was rctroceded to that nation, 
anil in 180.3 was sold to the Tuited States by the French. 
The population was now over 8,000. In 1S(U, New Orieans 
was made a port of entry, and in 1S06 was incorporated. 
Eariy in 1813 the first steamboat arrived from the Ohio! 
The war of 1SI2-15 now broke out, and the British made a 
descent on tho city, and on the SIh of Jan., 1815. the great- 
est baltle of the war was fought— the result is known to 
every schoolboy. The modern progress of the city now 
cominenced ; the settlement of the valley of the Mississippi, 
and the consequent trade with the only port of its outlet, in- 
creased rapidly and proportionally. The increase is stdl 
going on. ami will raise New Orieans to the first rank 
among commercial cities. It is now the gn at dcjiM of the 
ex-port trade of the valley ; and when its railroa.ls to the 
north are completed, much of the Import trade now having 
its course from the northern Atl.intic coast will certainly 
ULike New Orieans its entrcpfit. The difflcult np-navigation 
of the river, even by steamboats, has hillurto been the 
great drawback, but with this line of road. New Orieans will 
compete successfully with New York, Boston, and I'hila- 
delphia for the golden fleece of the great west. 

Population in 17(a, 3,190; In 17J5, 4.980; in 1S04, S.OOO; 
in ISIO, 17,242; in 1S20, 27,178; in ls30, 49,-20; in ISIO, 
102,193: and in 1S50, 119,401. The population of Lafayette 
in 1S40 w!Ls 3,207, anil in IS.'iO, 14,190. 

New Oxfobo, jiost vill.age, Adams county, remi.: on 
the east side of Concwago creek, 27 miles south by west 

Harrisburg. , ^, . 

New PAi.nSTiNF. p. v., Clermont Co., Oliin: on the Oluo 
r 92 m "^ W Columbus: is a small village of considcrablo 
"' ■ ■ ■ 55? 



NEW 



NEW 



lusincss, particularly in the manufacture of brick, wliich is 
mainly taken to Cincinnati. 

New Paltz, t. and p. v., Ulster co.. K. Y. : 70 m. S. by "W". 
Albany, on tlu' Wallkill- Surface hilly; soil mostly loam 
au'l feriile. The v. contaiaa a flourishing academy and 
S churches. Pop. of t. 3,729. 

New- Paltz Landing, p. o., Utater co., K. Y, : on W. 
bank of Hudson r., opposite Poughkcepsie, 9 m. E. New 
Paltz village. 

New Pauls, p. v., Preble county, OMo: SO m. "W. by S. 
Columbus, on W. bank of Whitewater r., which affords good 
water-power. 

New PETEBSBruG, p. v., Highland co., Ohio: on S. side 
Paint cr., 54 m. S. S. "W. Columbus. 

New PiiiLADELPQrA, p. o., Pike co., HI, : on Bay cr., 
62 m. W. by S. Springfield. 

New PniLAPELPuiA, p. o., Washington co.,Iml.: on N. 
side of Great Blue r., SO m. S. by E. Indianapolis. 

New Philadelphia, p. v., and cap Tuscarawas Co., OJdo : 
S6 m. E. N. E. Columbus, on E. bank Tuscarawas r., oppo- 
site the mouth of Sugar cr. The v. is on a handsome plain, 
and has considerable business. It contains the court-house 
and jail. Two newspapers are published weekly, "Tusca- 
rawas Advocate" (whig), and "Ohio Democrat" (dem.) 
Pop. 1,415. 

New PiTTsntriiG. p. v., Wayne co., OMo : on E. side of 
Muddy fork of Walhonding r., 74 m. N. E. by N. Columbus. 

New Plymouth, p. o., Vinton co., Ohio : 57 m. S. E. by S. 
Columbus. 

New Point Comfort, Yirg.: the S. E. extremity of 
Matthews co., between Chesapeake and Mob Jack bays. 

Newport county, B. I. Consisting of several islands in 
Narragansett Bay, with a portion of the mainland, contain- 
ing in the whole an area of 136 sq. m. Rhode Island, enu- 
taining .37i sq. m., forms the most important portion of the 
county. Surface uneven; soil fertile, and produces good 
crops of grain, etc., and afi'ords fine pasturage for cattle. 
The other chief insular portions of the county are Provi- 
dence, Canonicut, and Block islands. Chief productions 
^■heat, Indian corn, and potatoes. The advantages con- 
nected with navigation are considerable, and fishing is 
much followed by the inhabitants. Fossil coal is found in 
this county. Farms 1,0'37 ; manuf. 63 ; dwell. 2,936, and pop. 
— wh. 19,341, fr. col. 666— total 20,0Ci7. Capital: Newport. 

Newport, p. v., New Castle county, Del, : on N. side of 
Christiana cr., 3S m. N. Dover. The Philadelphia, Wil- 
mington, and Baltimore R. Pv. passes through the v., 32 m. 
from Philadelphia, 06 m. from Baltimore. 

Newport, p. v., and cap. Wakulla county, Flor. : on St. 
Mark's r., 16 m. E. S. E. Tallahassee. The "Wakulla 
Times" is published weekly. 

Newport, p. v., and cap. Vermillion co., 7;)^.; on S. 
bank of Little Vermillion r., 2 m. above its junction with 
the Wabash r., 65 m. W. by N. Indianapolis. It contains a 
court-house, jail, several stores, and is surrounded by a very 
fertile country. 

Newport, p. v., and cap. Campbell co., K}/, : on Ohio r., 
above the junction of Licking r., 63 m. N. N. E. Frankfort. 
It is situated on an elevated plain commanding a fine view 
of Cincinnati directly opposite, with which city there is 
steam ferry connection. Here is a garrison of U. S. army, 
several factories and churches. The "Newport and Cov- 
ington News" is published daily. 

Newport, t, and p. v., Penobscot county, Me. : 4S m. 
N E. by N AugusUo. Pop. 1,212. 

Newport, p. v., Charles co., Md, : on stream of Allen's 
Fresh, 14 m. S. E. Port Tobacco, 43 m. S. by W. Annapolis. 

Newport, p. v., Franklin co., Mo. : S. side Missouri r., 
54 m. E. Jefferson City. 

Newport, p. v., Monroe co.,3fich.: on an estuary of 
Lake Eric, the mouth of Swan cr., SI m. S. E. Lansing. 

Newport, p. v., St. Clair co., Mich.: on St. Clair r,, at 
mouth of Belle r.,103 m. E. by S. Lansing; is well situated, 
658 



and has a very large business in sawing and e.vporling pine 
timber, which abounds in this section. 

Newport, t., p. v., and cap. Sullivan co., K. Uamp.: 
34 m.W. N.W. Concord. Drained by Sugar r. and branches. 
Surface uneven ; soil fertile on the streams. The E. and S. 
branches of Sugar r. unite near the v. and afford water- 
power to several mills. The "N. II. Argus and Spectator" 
(dem.) is published weekly. Pop. 2,020. 

Newport, t. and p. v., Herkimer county, 2^. Y. : 76 m. 
N. W. by W. Albany, on West Canada cr. Surface c)f L 
hilly; soil sandy and calcareous loam. The v. has some 
manufactures, and is a thriving place. Pop. of t. 2.126. 

Newport, p. v., Cumberland co., iV. Jer, : 65 m. S. S. W. 
Trenton, on Nautuxet cr., 5 m. above its mouth. 

Newport, t. and p. v., Washington co., Ohio: on Ohior., 
12 ra. E. Marietta, 100 m. E. S. E. Columbus. Surface of t 
level ; soil alluvial. Pop. 1,427. The v. is finely situated, 
and is a thriving place. Pop. of 1. 1,427. 

Newport, p. v. and sta., Perry co., Perm,: on W. side 
of Juniata r., above the confluence of Little Bufl"alo cr., 24 m. 
N, W. Ilarrisburg. The Pennsylvania K. It. and Pennsyl- 
vania Canal pass through this village. There is a blast 
furnace at Newport, 3 m. distant. 

Newport, p. v., and cap. Cocke co., Tefin. : oa S. side 
French Broad r., 204 m. E. by S. Nashville. 

Newport, t., p. v., port of entry, and cap. Newport co., 
B. /.. and one of the capitals of the State: on S. W. side of 
Rhode Island, 5 m. from the ocean, 24 m. S. by E. Provi- 
dence, 70 m. S. by W. Boston. Lat. 41° 29 N., loug. 
71° 19' 12" W. from Greenwich, and 5° 42' 4S" E. from 
Washington. The t. is in form an irregular semi-circle, as 
also is the harbor upon which the v. is situated. Surface 
undulating, presenting variety of scenery ; soil very fertile. 
The harbor is one of the best in the U. S., and celebrated 
for its beauty. It is very accessible, spacious, safe, and deep 
enough for the largest vessels — defended by forts Adams and 
WoIcott,which are garrisoned by companies of U. S. artillery. 
The former is very large, of great strength, and was built 
at great expense. A U. S. naval officer is stationed here. 
The V. occupies a beautiful acclivity, which rises gradually 
from the harbor, presenting a beautiful appearance. It was 
settled in 163S, grew rapidly, and was very flourishing until 
the Revolutionary War, at which time its population was 
about 10,000. During the war it was chiefly held by the 
British, and at its dose the population was about 5,500. It 
then somewhat revived for a time, until the embargo pre- 
ceding 1812 ; but subsequently its trade was much diverted 
to Providence and other places. Many of the inhabitants 
are engaged in the coasting trade and fisheries. Some large 
cotton and woolen factories have been estiiblished. The 
principal public buildings consist of the State-house, market- 
house, custom-house, and Redwood Library and Alheneum, 
containing 4,000 vols. Besides 12 churches there is a Jews' 
synagogue, now unused but kept in fine repair by avails of 
a legacy. There is also 1 savings' bank, 7 banks, with a 
capital of .$6S0,000. The total valuation of property in New- 
l)ort in ISoO, was $4,720,450, tax assessed, .$15,577. By the 
Fall River line of steamboats it has daily communication 
with New York; a steamboat also plies daily to Providence. 
Projects of connecting Newport by railroad with Fall River, 
Bristol, and Providence, are in agitation. Two newspapers 
are published daily, "News" (whig), and "Advertiser" 
(whig) ; 3 weekly, " Newport Mercury" (whig), established 
in 175S, "Uerald and Rhode Islander" (whig), and "Ad- 
vertiser" (whig). CotJivierce.— on the 30th June, 1S50, the 
total tonnage of Newport district was 10,579 tons ; registered 
5,645, enrolled and licensed 4,934. Of registered torn. age 
4,279 tons were permanent, 1,365 were temporary, and 1,517 
tons were in the whale fishery. Of the enrolled and licen- 
sed tonnage, 4,560 tons were permanent, 4,112 in the coast- 
ing trade, 256 were propelled by steam, .320 in mackerel 
fishery, and 327 tons in cod fishery. During the year pre- 
vious, the number of clearances for foreign countries was 



NEW 



NE\y 



17 — 2.752 tons; number of entrances do., 17 — 2,ij02 tons; 1 
schooner built, 96 tons. During the calendar year 1S49, 
1.055 barrels of sperm oil were brought into this port. New- 
port lias lunc; been a very favorite fashionable summer re- 
sort. It is attractive because of its beautiful acenerj', cool 
and salubrious sea breezes, fashionable company, large and 
well-kept hotels, opportunities for fishing, bathing, etc. In 
the vicinity of ^Newport is a curious monument of antiquity 
—the Old Tower, or Old Stone Mill, of which the age and 
origin are unknown, and have been the subject of much 
learned discussion. Pop. oft. in 1S30, 8,010; in lS-10, S,:3:3;3 ; 
in 1850, 9.5fi:?. 

Newport, t. and p. o., Orleans co.. Verm. : 50 ni. N. by E. 
Montpelier. Bounded on N. E. by Lake Mem pb rem agog. 
Pop. 74-^. 

Newport, p. v., Giles co., Tirg.: on S. bank of creek of 
New r.. 170 m. "W. by S. Uiehmond. 

Newport, p. o.. Lake eounty, HI. : about 2 m. E. of Des 
Plaines r., 20S m. N. N. E. Springfield. 

New Portage, p. v., Summit co., 0/iio: 100 m. N. E. 
Columbus, on the line of Akron Branch Pv. E., and on E. 
bank of \Xo\{ creek. 

Newport Centre, p. c, Luzerne county, Fe7in. : 78 m. 
N. E. by N. Harrisburg. 

New Portland, t. anil p. o., Somerset co., 3/e. : 45 m. 
N. N. W. Augusta. Drained by Seven Mile brook and Us 
branches. Soil fertile and adapted to grain. Pojiulation 
1,460. 

New Portland, p. v.. Kails co., Mo. : on N. side of Salt 
river, 70 ni. N. by E. Jefferson City. 

New Portland, Stewart co., Tom.: C3 m. "W. N. "W. 
Nashville. 

NEWPoR-nsvTLLK. p. v., Eueks CO.. Pejin. : on N. E. side 
of Neshaming creek, at tlie head of navigation, about 3 m. 
from its moutli, 103 ra. E. Harrisburg. 

New Preston, p. v., Litclifield co., Cojm. : 37 m-W. byS. 
Hartford, 3G m. N. W. New Haven, on W. side of E. Aspe- 
tuck r., 1 ni. S. Paumaug lake. 

Nnw Princeton, p. v., Coshocton county, Ohio: CO m. 
E. N. E. Columbus. 

New Pp.ospect, p. o., Orange county, /;;/?. ; on S. side of 
Lick cr., 85 ra. S. by W. Indianapolis. 

New Prospect, p. v., Greene co., Ala. : S9 m. W. N. W. 
Montgomery. 

New Prospect, p. c, "Winston co., Jf/'ss.: i>7 m. N. E. 
Jackson. 

New Prospect, p. v., Bergen co., y. Jri: : on Hohokus 
creek, 63 m. N. E. by N. Trenton. The v. is finely situated 
on elevated ground. Considerable water-power is afforded 
by the creek, and is improved by several paper and grist 
mills, etc. 

New Prospect, p. o., "Wayne co., Ohio : on Chippewa r., 
87 m. N. E. by N. Columbus. 

New ProsPEPT, p. v., Sijartanburg disl., S. Car.: OS m. 
N. "W. by N. Cohnnbia. 

New PRoviDENrK. t. and p. v., Essex en., y. Jpr. : on E. 
side of Passaic r., 37 m. N. E. by N. Tn-nton. Surface of u 
hilly ; soil sandy loam. Drained by Passaic r. Pop. of t. 
1.2I(J. The Miirris and Essex P. E. i>asses through the N. 
part, at Summit sta. 

New Providente, p. o., Lancaster co., Perm.: 41 m. 
E. S. E. Harrisburg. 

New Providence, p. v. and sta., Clark co., JnrK: .S7 m. 
S. by E. Indianapolis, 19 ni. by railroad from New vVIhany, 
on the New Albany and Salem E. E. Drained by the 
Muddy Fork of Silver creek. 

New Providence, p. v., Montgomery co., Tenu. : 47 m. 
N. "W. Nashville. 

New Eetreat, p. c, "Washington county, Ind. : SO m. S. 
Indianapolis. 

New EicnLAND, p. v. and sta., Logan en., 0/iio: 52 m. 
N. "W. by "W. Columbus; station on Mad Eiver and Lake 
Erie K. E. 



New liicuMOND. p. v., Clermont co., Ohio: m ni. S. "W. 
Columbus, on Ohio r., near Muddy cr. ; is very flourishing. 

New Eichmonp, p. o., Crawford coMu\); Pen it.: IS" m. 
N. "W. by W. Harrisburg. 

New EiciiMoNn, p. v., Montgomery county. Tin?. : 50 m. 
N. W. IndianapoUs. 

New Eiver, p. v., Columbia co., Flor. : on New river, a 
branch of Santa Fe r., 127 m. E. by S. Tallah.issee. 

New Eivi;r, p. o., Ascension par., La. : E. side Mississippi 
r., IS m. S. S. E. Baton Eonge. 

New river. Ascension par., /.a. : rises near the Mississippi 
river, flows E., parallel to Amitie r., into Lake Maurepas. 

New river, Onslow co., y. Car.: rises in N. AV. part of 
the CO., flows through it centrally toward the coast, and 
empties into Now river inlet. 

New river, Beaufort dist., S. Car. : rises near the centro 
of the dist., and flows S. S. "V\'., parallel to Savannah river, 
emptying into Calibogue Sound. 

New river, Virg. : rises in N. part of y Car. : ils general 
course is N. N. W., through the S. W. portion of Virg., 
until it receives Gauley river, after which it is called Great 
Kanawha river, and flows N. W. to its confluence with tho 
Ohio river. 

New River Inlet, Onslow co., y. Car.: 57 m, "W. by S. 
Cape Lookout. 

New Koad, p. o., Delaware co., y. Y. : 81 ni. W. S. "W. 
Albany. 

New Eociiklle, t., p. v., and sta., "Westchester co., y T. : 
134 m. S. ^Vlbany. Surface oft. undulating; soil, clay loara, 
and well cultivated ; watered on the S. side by Long Ishmd 
Sound. The v. is a station of the New York ami New 
Haven E. E., 20 m. from New York, with which it has also 
constant steandioat connection. It Is handsomely situated, 
overlooking L. I. Soun<l. and is a fastiionable resort in (lie 
simimer months. It contains several churches, three gttod 
academies, and a few factories. Pop. oft. 2.4.5S. 

New Eociif,ster, p. v., "Wood co., 07do: 98 m. N. by "W. 
Columbus, 4in Portage river. 

Ne\\^ Eoe, p. v., Allen county, Kij.: 120 m. S. S. "W. 
Frankfort. 

New Ross, p. o., Montgomery co., Ind.: on S. bank of 
Sugar er. of Eock r., 35 m. W. N. "W. Indianapolis. 

New Ei'MLET, p. v., Harrison co., Ohio : 105 ni. E. N. E. 
Columbus. 

New lirssiA, p. o., Essex coimty, X. Y. : 110 m. N. 
Albany. 

Newry, p. 0., Jackson co., TmL: on E. sitle of Veruoa 
Fork, <j?> m. S. by E. Indianapolis. 

Newry, t. and p. o., Oxford co., J/".>. ; on N. side of An- 
droscoggin r., 51 m. "W. by N. Augusta. Drained also by 
Bear brook, and another cr., which afford waier-powcr. 
Population 459. 

Newp.t, p. v., Blair co., Pern). : 83 m. "W. by N. Harrisburg. 
Poplar r., a trilmtary of the Frankfort branch of Juniata r., 
passes near the village. 
News, p. o.. Calhoun co., III. : 73 m. S. "W. Sprlm;field. 
New Salem, p.o., Push co., Jnd. ; 40 m. E. S. E. Indian- 
apolis. 
New S^\lem. p. o., Eusk co.,_TeT.: 22? m. N. E. Austin City. 
New Salem, t. and p. v., Franklin county, J/r/.v.v. .■ GT m. 
"W. by N. Boston. Drained by Miller's r. and an afllucnt of 
it, and a branch of Middle r. ; surfaee elevated, and a part 
niou?ilaiuous ; soils fertile, and adajitcd lo grazing. The t. 
contains 2 handsome villages, several stores, an<l a few fac- 
tories. Pop. 1,253. 

New Salem, p. o., Albany county, y. Y. : 14 m. W. by S 
Albany. 

New Sale«, p. v., Eaudolpli co., y. Car.: CS m. "W. 
Ealeigli. 

New Salem, t. and p. v., Fairfield county, 0/tio: 2S m. 
E. by S. Columbus. Poj'. 210. 

New Sai.em, p. o., I'ike county, HI. : 73 in. W. by S. 
Springfield. 

559 



NEW 



NEW 



New Salem, p. v., Fayette Co., Pemi. : 154 m. W. by S. 
Harrisburg. 

Kew Salem, p. o.. Ilarrison CO., Virg. : on the line of the 
North Wt-steni (Va.) K. K., 20T m. N. "W. KichinoiKi. 

Nfav Salisuury, p. v., Harrison co., Ind. ; on N. side of 
Indian or., 100 m. P. Indianapolis. 

New Scotland, t. and p. o., Albany county, 2f. T.: 6 m. 
"W. by S, Albany. Surface hilly ; drained by Normanskill. 
Pop. .3,459. 

New Sharon, t. and p. c, Franklin co., 3f'\ : on E. side 
of Sandy r.. 28 in. N. N. W. Aii2:usla. Fop. 1,732. 

New SiLiEo:^, p. c, Monmouth co., A\ J^r, : 24 ra. E, 
Trenton. 

New SuF.FFiELD, p. v., Beaver co., Penn. : 17S m. W. by N. 
Harrisburg, on a tributary of the Ohio river. 

NiiTW SnoEEUAM, t and p. o., Newport co., 7?. 7. ; 13 m. 
S. S. W. Point Judith ; 15 m. N. N. E. M<mtauk Point, L. I. 
The t. comprises Block Wand, S m. liin;;;, and 2 to 4 m. 
broad. Surface uneven; soil sandy and gravelly loam. 
The inhabitants are mostly fishermen. Peat is used as fuel. 
Pop. 1,262. 

New Smyrna, p. v.. Orange co., Flo?: : on Mosquito in- 
let, 229 m. E. S. E. by S. Tallahassee, is a U. S. mUitary 
post. It has an improving commerce. 

New Somerset, p. v., Jefferson co., Ofiio: 125 m. E. N. E. 
Columbus. 

Newsom. p. o., Bibb co., {?(T, ; 85 m. S.W. MillcdgeviUe. 

New80m*3 Dep6t, p. o. and sta., Southampton co., Vi/y. : 
70 m. S. by E. Richmond, on th'^ Sea-btiard and Uoanoke 
E. K., 50 m. from Portsmouth, 30 m. from Weldon. 

New SpRiNGFtELD. p. v., Mahoning co., Ohio: 133 m. 
N. E. by E. Columbus. 

New Stanton, p, v.,Wcstmoreland co., Perm. ; 141 m. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Newstead, t. and p. o., Erie co., ii-^. T.: on S. side of 
Tonawanda cr., 255 m. W. by N. Albany. Pop. 2,S99. 

Newsteaj), p. 0., Christian county, Ay. : 163 m. S. W. 
Frankfort, ' 

New Store, p. o., Buckingham co., Virg.: 65 m.W.by S. 
Eichmond. 

New Spffolk, port, Suffolk co., N. T. : this small port, in 
Southold t., fronts on the N. E. portion of Great Peconic 
Bay. lis tonnage is chiefly employed in the fli^lieries. Ou 
January 1st, 1S50, it had 227 tons in the whaU- fishery, and 
during 1S49 it received 242 barrels of sperm oil, 314 barrels 
of whale oil, and 1,200 pounds of whalebone. 

New Sweden, p. v., Clinton co., JVi Y.: on N. side of 
Sable r, 12S m. N. Albany. 

Newton county, At'l\ Situate N. toward the "W., and 
contains 733 sq. m. Drained by Buffalo fork of 'White r. 
and other streams. Surface varied ; in the S. being billy and 
broken, the residue generally level. Soil fertile, and well 
adapted to com. Galena and other ores abound in this re- 
gion. Farms 230; mamif. 0; dwell. 2^S. and pop.— wh. 
1,704. fr. col. 7, si. 47— total 1,75S. Cupital: JJl^per. 

Newton county, Ga. Situate N. centrally, and contains 
414 sq. m. Drained by Alcopahatehee and Yellow rivers, 
tributaries of Ocmulgee r. Surface undulating, and soil fer- 
tile and very productive. Cotton is the staple, but wheat 
and corn are raised in consid^ablc quantities. Agriculture 
is much attended to by a large ]>oi-ti«>n of tlie jjopulation. 
Timber is abundant. Farms S12; manuf. 23; dwell. 1,374, 
and pop.— wh. 8,079, fr. col. 30, si. 5,lb7— total 13,296. Cap- 
ital: Covington. Puhlic Works: Georgia K. R. 

N:^WT0N county, Miss. Situate E. middle, and contains 
57C sq. m. Drained by head brandies of Chickasawlia r., 
and branches of Tiiscalameta cr. Surface even ; soil fer- 
tile, and generally productive ; it is wull adapted to cotton, 
which is the staple. Farms 350: manuf. ; dwell. 5SG, and 
pop.—wh. 3,432, fr. col. 1, si. 1,032— total 4,465. Capital: 
Decatur. Puhlii: Works : Mobile and Ohio R. R. ; Alabama 
and Mississippi K. E. 

Newton county, Mo. Situate S. W., and contains 639 
560 



sq. m. Drained by Neh-liah r. and otlier streams, all trib- 
utaries of Neosho r. Surface level ; soil fertile, and adapted 
to grain. There is much good timber on the land. Farms 
293 : manuf. 11 ; dwell. 653, and pop.—wh. 4,013, fr. cul. 14, 
Bl. 241— total 4,26S. Capital: Neoeho. 

Newton county. Tea: Situate E., and contains 1.196 
sq. m. Drained by branches of Sabine r., which forms its 
E. boundary. Surface varieti, i[i tlic- N. beinir billy, but in 
the S. undulating ; the laud, in general, is thiclily wooded. 
Soil a black mold, with sand intermixed, and generally fer- 
tile, producing good crops of cotton, sugar, com, wheat, etc 
It has some fine timber land, and contains many streams 
of pure water. Petrified trunks of trees are found in the 
northern part, which are so hard that they are used in many 
cases as flints. Farms 141 ; manuf. 5; dwell. 219, and pop. 
— wh. 1,255, Cr. col. S, si. 426— total 1,6S9. Capital : Burke- 
ville. 

Newton, p. v., and cap. Dale co., Ala. : on S. aide of 
Choctawhatcliee r., 84 ra. E, S. E. Montgomery ; contains 
the court-house and several stores. 

Newton, p. v., and cap. Baker co., Ga. : on W. eide of 
Flint r., 14:3 m, S. S. W. Milledgevifie ; contains the court- 
house and several stores. 

Newton, p. v., and cap. Jasper co., JU. : on S. W. side 
of Embarras r., 94 m. S. E. Springfield. It contains the 
court-house and several stores, and is the central business v. 
of the county. 

Newton, t., p. v., and sta., Middlesex co., Mass. : 9 m."W. 
Boston. Drained by Charles r. and affluents; surface va- 
ried ; soil fertile and highly cultivated. Charles r. bounds 
the t. on the N.W. and S., having two falls, at each of which 
is a v. containing manu factories. At the Upper Falls the r. 
descends 85 feet in half a mile. At the Lower Falls the v. 
lies partly in the t. of Needham. The Boston and Worces- 
ter E. E. passes through it. The Newton Theological Sem- 
inary (Bapt.) was founded in 1S25; the building— at Newton 
Centre— is a brick ediflce, 85 feet long, 49 wide, and 3 stories 
high. Pop. 5,25S. 

Newton, t. and p. o., Calhoun co., HDch. : 45 m. 8. W. 
Lansing. Drained by branch of SL Joseph's river. Pop- 
ulation 569. 

Newton, p. v., and cap. Jasper co., la. ; 79 m. W. Iowa 
City, is a beautiful and flourishing town, on a prairie be- 
tween the branches of Skunk river. 

Newton, t., p. o.. and sta., Eockingham co., K. JTnmp. : 
34 m. S. E. Concord. The Boston and Maine E. E. passes 
through the t 41 m. from Boston. Pop. 5S5. 

Newton, t., p. v., and cap. Sussex co., 2^. Jer. : 55 ra. N. 
Trenton. Surface of t. diversified ; drained by the l*aulin's- 
kill. The v. is well situated and laid out, and contains, be- 
sides the court-house and jail, several churches and schools. 
Two newspapers are published weekly : " Sussex Ecgister" 
(whig), and *' New Jersey Herald" (dem.) There is 1 bank, 
capital $134,4S0. Pop. of t. 3,279. 

Newton, p. v., and cap. Catawba CO., JK Car. : near 
South Catawba r., 133 m. W. Ealeigh. 

Newton, t. and p. o., Muskingum county, Ohio: 4S m. 
E. by S. Columbus. Surface of t. undulating ; soil good ; 
well watered by numerous creeks of Muskingum river. 
Pop. 2,356. 

Newton Centre, p. v., Middlesex co., Masn. : 7 m. "W. 
Boston, on the Boston and "Worcester E. E. This v. con- 
tains the Newton Theo]ogie.^l Seminary, the mansion-house 
for the students, and dwellings of the professors, besides 
many pleasant residences, 

Nkwton Corners, p. o., Jefferson co., Wise. : 32 m. E. 
Madison. 

Newton Factort, p. c, Newlon co., G<i. : 59 m. N. W. 
Millcdgeville. 

Newton Falls, p. o., Trumbull co., Ohio: 132 m. N. E. 
Columbus, on Pennsylvania and Ohio Canal, at junction of 
the two branches of Mahoning river, which afford extensive 
water-power to several mills and factories. 



NEW 



NEW 



Newton* Gkove, p. o., Sampson co., JV. Cur.: 54 m. 
S. S. E. Kaloigh. 

Newton Lower Falls, p. v. and sta., MulilIcsfX county, 
Moss.: on Cliarles r., 11 m. "W. Bu:*lon. A liraneh of the 
Boston and ^Vorcester K. It. extends to the* vilUiEcc. 

Newton Stewart, p. o., Orange co., /ii<L : on S. bank 
of Pnloka er., 9S ra. S. by "W. Indianapolis. 

NEWTONsvaLE, p. 0., Clcfmont county, Ohio : 85 m. S-W. 
Columbus, 

Newtoksville, p. 0., Attala county, 3fi$s. : &3 m. N. N. E. 
Jackson. 

Newton Upper Falls, p. v. and sta., Middlesex county, 
3I<MS. : oil Charles r., 9 m. W. S. W. Boston. The fall of 
the river is 35 feet, used by extensive manufactories. The 
Charles Kivcr Branch E. K. extends to this v. from West 
Newton. 

New Topsail Inlet, KCar. : IS m. N. E. "Wilminfitnn. 

Newtown, t, p. b., and sta., Fairfield co.. Conn. : 41 ni. 
S. W. Hartford, 23 m. "W. N. W. New Haven, on the 
llousat'inic K. II., 19 m. from Bri'lsceport. Surface of t. 
hilly; soil gniveUy loam, fertile, adapleil to trrain and fruit. 
Drained by tJie Potatuek and other creeks of Ilousalonic r., 
and contains several factories, mills, and churches. The 
borouj^h is beautifully situated on higli ground. Top. 
of t. 3.:JoS. 

Newtown, p. v.. Fountain co., I/id.: on Coal cr., GO m. 
"W. N. W. liulianapolis. 

Newtown, p. v., Scott co., Ky. : 24 m. E. by N. Frankfort. 

Newtown, p. v., Worcester co.. .W. / on W. side of br. of 
Pocomoke r., 5 m. N. W. Snow Hill, IG m. S. E. Annapnlis. 

Newtown, p. v.. Hinds co., M/^s. : on W. sifle of I'earl r., 
9 m. S. S. W. Jackson, on line of New Orleans, Jackson and 
Northern K. U. 

Newtown, t. and p. v.. Queen's county, 2^. Y. The t. is 
bounded on N. side by East r., and is also drainwl by 
Newtown cr. Surface of t. various; soil sand and clay 
loam, fertile, and adapted to fruit. Horticulture and agri- 
culture are tlie chief occupations of the inhabitants. 
Pop. of t. 7,203 

Newtown, p. v., UamiUon co., Ohio: on E. side Little 
Miami r., 90 m. S W. Columbus. 

Newtown, t. and p. b., Bucks county, Penn.: 90 m. E. 
Earrisburg. Drained by Newtown cr., wiiteh affnrds hy- 
draulic power. Surface even, soil foriilc- clay loam, well 
cultivated. The b. is on the cr., and contains several stores 
and faelorios, and is a considerable place. 

Newtown, p. v., King and Queen county, Vh'g, : 29 m. 
N. N. E. PJehmond. 

Newtown creek, N. Y. : rises in Newtown, Queen's CO., 
flows \V. and enters East river, opposite New York. 

Newtown creek, Chemung co., JV. Y. : a small stream, 
affording mill-sites, rising In t. of Erin, and eulering 
ChemuDg r. near Elmira, 

Newtown Hamilton, p. o., Mifllin county, Ptun.: 47 m. 
N. W. Harrlsburg. 

Newtown Square, p. v., Delaware co., Penn. : 7S m. 
E. S. E. Harrisburg. 

Newtown Stephensbchg, p. v., Frederick co., Tirg.: 
112 m. N. N. W. Richmond. Pop. 400. 

New Tkenton, p. v., Franklin co., Iwl. : on Whitewater 
r. and canal, 20 m. N. Lawrenceburg, 70 m, E. S. E. 
Indianapolis. 



New Trier, p. o.. Cook co., Jll.: 104 m. N. E. by N. 
Springfield. 

New Tripoli, p. v.. Lehigh co., Penn. : on a branch of 
Maiden cr., C4 m. N. E. by E. Harrisburg. 

New I'trecht, t. and p. o.. King's county, N'. Y. : G ra. 
S. Brooklyn, 140 m. S. Albany ; is a fashionable resort 
during the summer months. Pop. 2,129. 

New Vernon, p. v., Morris co.. A'. Jfr.: 40 m. N. N. E. 
Trenton. 

New Vernon, p. o., Orange co., JV. Y. : 92 m. S. S. W. 
Albany. 

New Vernon, p. o., Mercer co., Peitn.: 196 m. W. N.W. 
Harrisburg. 

New Vienna, p. o., Clinton county, Ohio: 50 m. S. W. 
Columbus. 

New Vienna, p. v., Dubuque co., la. : 03 m. N. N. E. 
Iowa City. 

New Village, p. v., Warren county, N. Jer. : 41 m. 
N. W. by N. Trenton. 

New Village, p. o., Suffolk co., JV. Y. : 100 m. S. S. E. 
Albany. 

Newville, p. v., De Kalb county, Jnd. : 103 m. N. N. E. 
Indianapolis. 

Newville, p. o., Herkimer co., JN'". Y. : 76 m. N. W. by W. 
AU)any. 

Newville. p. v., Richland co., Ohio: r>4 ni. N. E. by N. 
Columbus, on N. bank of Clear Fork r., which affnnis 
wafer-power to several mills and faclnrlcs. 

Newville, p. b. and sta., Cumberland co.. Pniyi.: on 9. 
side of Conedogwinit cr., 27 m. W. by S. Harrisburg. The 
Cumberland Valley E. R. passes through the b., 34 m. from 
Harris!)urg. 

Newville, p. v., Sussex county, Yifg. : 40 m. S. S. E. 
Richmond. 

Nbw Vine, p. v., Dubuque co., la.: on E. side of Fall r., 
03 m. N. N. E. Iowa City. 

New Vineyard, t. and p. o., Franklin co.. M''. : 3S m. 
N. N. W. Augusta. Drahied by a branch of Seven Mile 
brook. Pop. 635. 

New Wakefield, p. v., Washington co., Ala,: 124 ra. 
S. W. Montgomery. 

New Washington, p. v., Clark co., huh : on E. side of 
Fourteen Mile cr., 90 m. S. S. E. Indianapolis. 

New Washington, p. o., Clearfield co., Penn. : on W. 
side of W. branch of Susquehanna river, at the junction of 
Cnsh r., 107 m. W. N. W. Harrisburg. 

New Washington, p. o., Crawford co., Ohio: 56 m. N. 
Columbus. 

New Westville, p. o., Preble co., Oliio : 90 m. W. by S. 
Columbus. 

New Whitehall, Lehigh co., Pemi. : the location of a 
blast furnace, 7o m. E. N. E. Harrisburg. 

New Wilmington, t. and p. o., Lawrence co., Peim. : on 
a branch of Neshanoek cr., 1^7 m. W. N. W. Harrisburg. 

New Winchester, p. v., Hendricks co., Md. : 27 ni. W. 
Indianapolis. 

New Winchester, p. v., Crawford co., Ohio : on E. side 
of W. branch of Whetstone r., 51 m. N. Columbus. 

New Windsor, p. v., CarroU co., Md.: 6 m. S. W. West- 
minster, 50 ra. N. W. Annapolis. 

New Woodstock, p. v., Madison county, A^. Y: 112 m, 
W. by N. Albany ; has a few mills. 



THE STATE OF NEW YORK. 

New Toek. the most flourishing, wealthy, and populous Slate of the Union, is situated between 89° 45' .and 450 ]nt[- 
tudes N., and between 710 50' and 79° 55' longitudes W. from Greenwich, or 5° 06' E., and 20 53' TV. from Washinaton. 
It is l>ounded on the north by Lake Ontario, the Kiver St. Lawrence, and Lower Canada; on the east liy Lake Cham- 
plain, Vermont, Massachusetts, and Connecticut ; on the south by the Atlantic Ocean, New Jersey, and renn8ylv.-inia ; 
on the west by Pennsylvania, Lake Erie, and the Niagara I'.ivcr. Exclusive of Long Island, it is about 403 miles long, 
but including that island, about 4S0 miles, and it-s hreadlh from north to south is about 310 miles— the whole including a 
Bupcrllcial area of 46,0S5 squ.ire miles. 

The Hudson and Mohawk rivers naturally divide the Sl.atc into tlirce geographical sections of unequal sizc^^ Thejif/'Si, 

T3 



561 



NEW YORK. 



or eastern section, comprises Lonjr Island, Staten Island, and that portion of the State lying east of the llndson Kiver and 
Lake George ; the second , or norlhoru section, embraces all the country lying north of the Mohawk, and Oswego rivers; 
and the third, or southern seclion, the vast fertile tract lying south and west of those rivers. 

The Slate forms a portion of the elevated table-land of the United States, broken in some places by mountain ranges, 
and containing some remarkable depressions which form the basins of lakes and channels of rivers. The Inflicst part 
of this table-land occurs in the western part of the State, where Lake Chautauque is from 1,S00 to '2.000 feet above the 
level of ths sea; and although it is but nine miles from Lake Erie, it discharges its waters by the Alleghany a[id Ohio into 
the Mississippi, and thus affords boat navigation to the Gulf of Mexico. FranklinvUle and Angelica, to the cast, although 
eiluated in valleys, are respectively 1.5S0 and 1,4"30 feet above the sea. 

In the eastern section the Taghkantiuc or Taconic Mountains lie upon the border of the State from Lake Champlain 
southward to Putnam County, at which point their course, diverging to the south-west, crosses the Hudson at West I'oint, 
and is continued thence into Xew Jersey and Pennsylvania, under the name of the Kittating Mountains. This range 
forms the dividing line between the waters flowing into the Hudson and those which flow into the Ilousatonic. 

The northern section has six several ranges of mountains. The Palmerstown Kange (in some parts called the Black and 
Tongue Mountains) rises in the northern part of Saratoga County, runs north-east through the tongue of land which sep- 
arates Lake George from Lake Champlain, and terminates in bold and precipitous cliffs at the shore of the latter, south 
of Ticonderoga. The Kayaderosserus, or Lucerne Mountains, are about six miles wide and seventy long, running from 
Montgomery County, through Saratoga and Warren counties, along the western side of Lake George to Ticonderoga. 
The Hudson Eivcr breaks through this range on the line of Saratoga and Warren counties. The Clinton Kange extends 
from Montgomery County north-east through Fulton, Ilarailton, Saratoga, Warren, and Essex counties, to Point Treni- 
bleau, on Lake Champlain. It is the largest range north of the Mohawk River, and at its most elevated portion there 
are numerous distinct peaks, forming a remarkable group, known as the Adirondack Group. The Mohawk forces a 
passage through its south-western extremity, and the range itself is the dividing shed between the tributaries of the St. 
Lawrence and those of the Mohawk. Au Sable, or Peru Range, commences in Montgomery County, and running par- 
allel with the Clinton Range, terminates in the southern part of Clinton County ; it is 160 miles long, and has a greater gen- 
eral elevation than the preceding ranges. The Chateaugay Range is the longest and highest chain of mountains in the 
State ; it commences on the line of tlie Kaiitsbergs, in Herkimer County, has a general height of 2,000 feet through the 
counties of Hamilton, Franklin, and Clinton, and crossing the Canada line, it terminates upon the Canada plains. The 
St. Lawrence Range, commencing ten or twelve miles north of the Chateaugay Range, and 'trending along the slope of 
the St. Lawrence Valley, has been liUle explored, and is of less extent than the last named. The St. Regis, Grasse, and 
other rivers descending into the St. La\\Tence, divide it into several distinct portions. This section of the State has also 
two minor ranges, worthy of notice: the Highlands of Black River, extending from the sources of Black Creek, west and 
north-west, about sixty milesj cover much of the country between Black River on the one side, and the plains north of 
Oneida Lake on the other. Their altitude is from l,2flO to 1,GOO feet, and in some parts their summits have a rolling 
surface several miles in width. The Ilassepcleaver Mountains, the second of these minor ranges, extend from Herkimer 
into Oneida County, and occupy the space between the Highlands and the Mohawk River; they are twenty miles long, 
and about nine miles broad at their base, with an altitude varying from SOO to 900 feet, with a rolling surface. 

The Southern section may be divided into two portions — the Eastern and the Western. In the Eastern division there 
are three distinct ranges— 1, the Highlands of Orange and Putnam counties ; 2, the Shawangunk Mountains, skirting the 
valley of the Eondout; and — 3, the Kaatsbergs, or Catskill Mountains, the direction of which is through the counties of 
Ulster, Albany, and Schoharie, to the valley of the Mohawk, the portions in Albany and Schoharie being also called the 
Helderbergs. The western division of this section rises gradually to successive terraces from the shores of Lake Ontario, 
till it attains its greatest elevation in the Southern tier of counties. The first of the terraces composing this ascent, extends 
from the Genesee, near Rochester, to the Falls of Niagara and Lewistown, a distance of SO miles, and is from six to ten 
miles in width. It is called the " Ridge Road," and is supposed to have formed at one period the shore of Lake Ontario. 
The second terrace extends from this ridge to the falls of the Genesee at Nunda and Portageville, where there is another 
abrupt acclivity of nearly SOO feet. This surmounted, the ascent Is gradual to the summit level, at the height of from 1,500 
to 2,0U0 feet in the Southern portion of Chautauque, Cattaraugus, Alleghany, and Steuben counties. These terraces, though 
all quite fertile, are each characterized by a difTerenco of soil and of forest trees. 

The principal culminations of the several ranges, and the heights of each in feet, above the sea-level, are named in the 
following table : 

Group. County, Feet. Group. County, Feet. 



Mt. Marcy Adirondack Essex 5,46T 

♦' M'Intyre " " 5,183 

" M-Martin " « 5.022 

Dial Mountain " " 4,90T 

Whiteface Au Sable " 4,.S55 

Mt. Seward Adirondack Frankhn 3,983 

Round Top Kaiiisbcrg Greene 3,804 

High Peak " " 3,713 

PineOrchard " " 3,027 

Shawangxmk Orange 1,866 



New Beacon Highlands Duchess .... 1,685 

Button Hill " Orange 1,520 

Old Beacon " Duchess .... 1,471 

Breakneck " Westchester. 1,137 

Anthony's Noso " " .1,123 

Mt. Defiance Essex 753 

Palisades Rockland . . . 550 

Fort Putnam " ... 500 

Harbor Hill Long Island. 819 

Richmond Hill Staten Island SOT 



The most distinguishing feature of New York is, perhaps, its vast system of water-ways, which bound and intersect it 
in almost every direction. 

Its lakes are the common highways of an extended commerce. Numbers of these lie wholly within the State, but the 
great lakes, properly so called, lie on its borders— Ontario and Erie on the North and West, and Champlain on the East 

Of these great exterior lakes, Erie is the most extensive ; it is 2GS miles in length and from 80 to 54 miles in breadth, 
with an area of 8)030 square miles. The elevation of its surface above tide water is 5G5 feet, and above Lake Ontario, 
with which it communicates by the Niagara River, 834 feet, having a maximum depth of 270 feet; but in general the 
depth is not more than 120 feet Only 60 miles of its coast lies within this State, but the amount of business carried on 
from thence is immense, and constantly increasing with the progressive development of the States lying west Ont-irio 
is the second in size, and the whole southern coast east of Niagara River is wholly within New York. Its form is 
563 



NEW YORK. 



eliptical ; it is 190 miles ia length and 56 in trxtreme breadth, with a circumference of 4SS miles and an area of 5,400 
square miles. In some places its depth ia GiH) feel, but the average depth is only 490 feet, and everywhere deep enough 
for the largest ships. The surface is 231 feet higlier than tide water. The ports of this lake are usually open earlier in 
the spring than those of Lake Erie, and it ia not so subject ta those desolating storms that frequently sweep over that 
lake. Lake Champiain is a long narrow sheet of water, of exceeding beauty, and containing a large number of islands. 
Of these, Valeour and Schuyler, with several others, belong to this State. In extreme length it is 134 miles, with a 
breadth varying from J a mile to 10 miles, and its depth is from 50 to 2S0 feet. Its outlet is the Sorelle or Richelieu 
Eiver, which is navigable, and forms the connecting link between tlie lake and the St. Lai\Tence River. The aboriginal 
name was Caniad-eri-qunrunt^, or "lake that is the gale of the country.'' All these lakes abound with salmon, trout, 
Btiirgeon, pickerel, and other fish. Lake George, or Ilnricon, is wholly within the State; its surface is 243 feet above tide 
water, and it discharges itself into Lake Champiain by a descent of 150 feet. The lake is inclosed around by hills from 
1,200 to 1,500 feet high, and the rieh and varied scenery that surrounds it, the numerous outlets that stud its pellucid 
surface, and the fine atmosphere, all combine to render it one of the most delightful of summer resorts. The French call 
it Lac Sacrament on account of the purity of its waters; the Indian name was Caniad-eri-olt, i. e., "the tale of the lake." 

The northern portion of the State abounds with small lakes, and of these there are probably not Iej?s than 200 in number. 
Some of them among the Adiron<Iack group of mountains are greatly elevated. Avalanche Lake, in Essex County, is 
2,900 feet ; Colden Lake, in the same county, 2,750 fe(;t ; and Racket Lake, in Hamilton County, 1.T31 feet above tide. 
Many of these form the sources of rivers emptying into the St, Lawrence, Lake Champiain, the Hudson River, aud 
Lake Ontario. 

The western portion of the State contains several series of lakes of considerable size, many of which are of the highest 
importance to commercial navigation. They extend through the counties of Oneida, Oswego, Onondaga, Cayuga, 
Seneca, Yates, Ontario, and Livingston, and are scarcely surpassed any where in point of scenery. The principal of 
these are the Senec-a, Cayuga, Oneida, Crooked, and Canandaigua lakes. The other lakes in this connection are Onon- 
daga, Cross, Otisco, Cazenovia, Skaneateles, Owaseo, Ilcmluck, Canadice, and Conesus. Otsego and Canadcroga, in Otsego 
County, and Chautauque Lake, in the county of the same name, are also important waters. Extensive salt springs 
abound on the shores of Onondaga, the waters of which, notwithstanding, are as fresh and pure as those of any others 
of these lakes. 

The rivers of New York, in connection with a splendid system of internal improvements, afford an immense stretoh 
of inland navigation. 

The Hudson is the largest, and one among the most magnificent water-courses of North America. It is 320 miles long, 
having its sources in the Adirondack group of mountains, and flowing in a generally southward direction to the Atlantic, 
which it meets at the Narrows below New York. It is navigable for the largest class of river steamers for the gi'cater 
part of the year to Troy, 160 miles from its mouth, and tlie largest merchantmen may safely pass up as far as Hudson 
City, The principal branches of the Hudson are the Mohawk, on the west, and the Hoosic, on the east. The Mohawk 
rises in Oneida and Lewis counties, and at first pursues a southerly course, then changing east and south-east it forms 
the valley of the Mohawk, and after passing over the Little Falls and the falls at Cohoes, enters the Hudson by several 
mouths between Troy and Waterford. The scenery around the falls is beautiful, but these are destitute of that grandpur 
which inspires the mind on beholding the great falls of Niagara. The length of the river is about 135 miles, an<l in its 
course it passes through Rome, Utica, and Schenectady. The Hoosic River rises in Massachusetts, and, though a com- 
paratively small stream, is very useful for local purposes. The Croton River, another tributary, is famous a.** the source 
of tlic great supply of water it furnishes to the City of New York. The other tributaries are— from the east, Schroon 
branch, the outlet of Schroon Lake, Battenkill, and Kinderhook, and— from the west, "Wallkill, Eondout, Esopus, 
Kaaterskill, and Sacandaga. besides several smaller streams. 

The river St Lawrence forms, in part, the norlhern boundarj' of the State, and is the outlet of the great northern lakes. 
It conveys to the ocean a larger volume of water than any other river of the world, except the Amazon. It is navigable 
for sloops to Ogdensburg. 60 miles from Lake Ontario, but below this point its na\ngation is difficult and dangerous, on 
account of the frequent rapids by which it is interrupted. The Lake of the Thousand Islands, the name of which implies 
sufficiently its character, is an expansion of the St. Lawrence. The group of islands that studs its surface, however, is said 
to number about 1,500, some of which belong to this State. The next important river of New York is the Oswego, which 
ia about 120 miles in length. Under the name of Mud Creek it has its rise in Ontario County, and flowing eastwardly, it 
receives through the Canandaigua outlet the waters of the lake of the same name ; proceeding eastwardly under the name 
of Clyde, it receives the waters of Seneca and Cayuga lakes, through their common outlet, and thence assumes the name 
of Seneca; after a still further enlargement by the waters of Onondaga Lake, it takes the title of Oswego River, and sud- 
denly cun'ing toward the north-west, collects from the Oneida River its tribute of the waters of Lake Oneida. It has a fall 
of about 100 feet alter assuming its proper name, and furnishes, by its constant supply of water, valuable mill privileges. 
Seven thousand square miles of territory are drained by its course, and by means of the Oswego Canal and locks, it is navi- 
gable through its whole length. The Alleghany, a. constituent of the Ohio, rises in Alleghany County, and is navigated by 
small steamers to Clean. The Susquehanna and Delaware both have their sources in this State, and ia their first courses 
afibrd an immense water-power. Ttie other principal rivers are the Niagara, the Genesee, the Black, the Chenango, the 
Chemung, the Oswegatchie, etc. The Niagara, which is the connecting link between lakes Erie and Ontario, forms the 
celebrated falls of the same name. The Genesee, distinguished for its valuable mill-sites, is used as a feeder to ilie Genesee 
Valley Canal. It is navigable almost to Rochester, and is 140 miles long, emptying into Lake Ontario. The Black River, 
one of the largest of the State, also falls into that lake ; it is 120 miles in length, and is navigable 40 miles from its mouth. 
The Chenango and Chemung are important tributaries of the Susquehanna, and the Oswegatchie is the principal tributary 
of the St. LawTence. Other streams flowing into the St. Lawrence are Indian, Grasse, Racket, St. Regis, Salmon, etc. Tho 
Chazy and Saranac are the principal streams flowing into Lake Champiain. 

The falls and cascades of the rivers of this Slate being among its most distinguishing features, may with propriety be 
enlarged upon in this connection. The great falls of Niagara are described in a former page. Those of the rivers 
wholly within New York are as follows: the Falls of the Genesee, at Rochester, which hare a descent of 96 feet; those 
of Fall Creek, in the township of Ithaca, which descend 4:38 feet in the space of one mile, forming several cataracts, at one 
of which the whole sheet of wafer is poured over a rock IIG feet high, and the banks above have an elevation of 100 feet; 
the Falls of the Mohawk, at Cohoes, where the water is precipitated over a broken rock 02 feet high, the banks of the 
riv^r formin- precipitous walls 140 feet above the stream, an.i Little Falls, some miles above, where the river passes 

563 



NEW YORK. 



through a flssure in the rocks, which rise oa each side 500 feet above its surface. Trenton Falls, on West Canada Creek, 
a tributary of the Mohawk, are much admired for their picturesque scenery ; for the distance of several miles there is a 
succession of rapids and cataracts, and the bed of the river is frequently narrowed by rocky precipices, and overhung 
with trees, while its banks in some places rise perpcndioularly to the height of 140 feet. At Glenn's Falls, IS miles from 
Saratoc^a, the Hudson tlows over a ledge nf rocks into a deep basin l>clow, with a descent of 70 feeL Numerous minor 
falls exist in various rivers, especially in the northern part of the Stale, and furnish in many instances motive power of 
immense importance to the manufacturing interests of the State. 

The sea-coast of New York is nearly all comprised in the shores of Long Island, which contain a few harbors and inlets, 
but none that are much frequented by shipping. The bay and harbor of New York is the great depftt of the commerce 
of the State, and the most magnificent harbor-water on the Atlantic sea-board. Easily accessible, perfeclly safe, capacious 
enough for the navies of the whole world, and never obstructed by ice, it has advantages possessed by no other port, Its 
boundaries toward the sea are Long Island and Staten Island, between which it connects with the Atlantic by tlie Nar- 
rows, an outlet formed by projections from each shore. It extends 9 miles below the city, and is from 9 to 5 miles broad, 
containing several islands, which are fortified in the strongest possible manner, as are also both sides of its entrance at the 
Narrows. The Hudson enters the Bay from the north ; the East Elver, or channel between New York and Long Island, 
communicating with Long Island Sound on the east, and the Kills, a strait between Staten Island and the Jersey shore, on 
the wesL At low water the entrance by the Narrows is somewhat dilBcuit for largo ships, and the entrance from the 
Sound is obstructed by a rocky strait, called Hell Gate, a name corrupted from " Ilorll Gait," the Dutch for whirlpool. In 
185-2, however, a great portion of the dangerous rocks of this channel were blasted away, and vessels of large size may 
now pass without much danger. 

There are several harbors on Lake Ontario, the most noted of which is Sackelt's Harbor, toward the east end nf the Lake ; 
it is deep and safe, and was an importam naval station during the war of 1S12. The harbors of Buffalo and Dunkirk on 
Lake Erie are also important commercial stations, being the terminus of the two great lines of railroad between the Hud- 
son and the lakes. The harbors of Lake Champlaiu are much used by Canadian traders, and those of Burlington and 
Plattsburg are fast rising into importance. 

Long Island is the largest appendage to this State. It projects into the Atlantic opposite the southern shore of Connec- 
ticut, a distance of UO miles. Its average breadth is 10 miles, and its greatest breadth about twenty miles. The shape is 
that of a great whale, and a rocky ridje, called IheSpine, extends lengthwise neariy through it, and at the western end 
forms the heights of Brooklyn. South of the ridge the land is level and sandy— on the nor'.h it is more uneven. The 
island abounds with wild fowl and game, ami its waters with llsh in great variety, which furnish the markets of the City 
of New York and other places plentifully. In the western section are some tine orchards and market gardens. Staten 
Island, at the mouth of New York harbor, is separated from Long Island by the Bay and Narrows. It is 15 miles long, and 
8 miles broad. Manhattan, or New York Island, which is occupied by the city of the latter name, is 18 miles long, 
with an average breadth of one mile and a half. The small islands in the bay are Governor's Island, on which stand 
Fort Columbus, the principal strong-hold ; Castle William overlooking the confluences of the Hudson and East rivers, and 
South Battery overiooking tlie entrance by the Narrows ; Bedloe's Island, on which stands Fort Wood, and is now used as 
the chief recruiting depot of the United States army ; and Ellis' Islanil, on which is a naval magazine and some fortifica- 
tions. The defenses at the entrance of New York Bay are Fort Hamilton and Fort Diamond, on the north shore of the 
Narrows, the latter an insulated castle, .and Fort llichmond on the south shore. 

The climate of New Y'ork can not be described in general terms. Each locality has its own peciUiarities. The mean 
average temperature of the whole State is 46° 49' Fahr. The mean maximum 920, the mean minimum 12° below 
zero, and Ihe mean annual range 104°. These data furnish a standard of comparison. The southern section of the val- 
ley of the Hudson, and the whole of Long Island, are Ihe most equable portions of the State— the greatest heat is about 2= 
less, and the greatest cold from 10° to 1S° less than the average— the spring is somewhat backward, but the harvest com- 
mences eariier than in Ihe interior, and the first frosts happen at a much later period in the faU season. In the 
river counties, above the Highkands, the seasons are more extreme, both summer and winter being beyond the average, 
and the spring is from 10 to 15 days later at Albany than at New York. The Mohawk Valley has a climate which does 
not vary greatly from the mean average; north and east of the Mohawk the region is characterized by a low, average 
temperature, backward seasons, and eariy frosts.. The mean temperature is at least 2° below the assumed standard. The 
region south of the Mohawk, extending to the smaller lakes, has a mean temperature 1° or 2° below the given average, yet 
the cold is not so intense, nor do the frosts occur so early as in the regions on the north side of the valley. The lake 
region assimilates the climate of Long Island, and the mean temperature does not vary much from the average, but the 
range is about S" less, indicating greater uniformity. The average time tliroughout the State, from the blooming of the 
apple-tree to the first killing frost, is 174 days— on the west end of Long Island it is 12 or 13 days more, and in the SL 
Lawrence dislrict 22 or 2-3 days less. Tlie prevailing winds are from the south-west. On the sea-board, casteriy winds 
almost invarialjly bring rain, while westerly winds are sure precursors of fine, dry we.ather, and in winter of continued 
frosts. The quantity of rain that falls during the year may average for the Stale 49 inches. From these data it will be 
perceived that Ihe climate is everywhere one of great extremes, and although in the same latitudes which in Europe 
produce the fig and the olive, its severer character admits only of the culture of the hardier plants and grains. Though 
subject to sudden and severe changes, the State as a whole is extremely healthy, and if the mortality of the larger cities 
be omitted, the ratio of deaths is not greater than in the best climates of Europe. In the eastern counties consumption 
and other diseases of the respiratory organs are the prevailing maladies, while in the western counties bilious affections 
predominate. In the large cities, during summer and fall, cholera inftmtum is the most common and fatal di.sease; 
about one half of the deaths during the year occur in children under live years of age, a mortality w liich must be allrib- 
uted to other causes than climate, and in chief to badly constructed dwellings and to badly regulated diet. 

The geological struclure of New York has been scientifically examined under the .autliorily of the Legislature, as also Us 
botany ami animal kingdom. The secondary formalions of geologists, as well as the upper formations of the transition 
system, have no existence in this State, and in most parts the terliary .system is wanting. Tlio existence of small beds of 
oolite in Saratoga County, and a somewhat doubtful era of red sandstone in KoelUand County can scarcely be considered 
as exceptions to this statement in regard to the transition system. 

Coal is not noted in the subjoined table. All the formations of New York, except the alluvial and diluvial deposits, 
and the bcils of terliary on the St. Lawrence, are below the coal mc'asures, the Kaatsbergs, which are Ihe highest members 
of the transition system being the layer immediately beneath. It is true that there are layers ofanlhracite a few inches in 
864 



NEW YORK. 



Ihicknoss, and extcndiuc: over ;i small surfiice between the strata of rocks nf an earlier date in various parls, Imt coal docs 
not exist in qiiantilies sufficient to be of any practical value. The prevalence of limestone in nearly all the formations 
is worthy ot notice, atfordiusr, as it does, the basis rock best adapted to yield the materials for fertilizinsr the soil. 

The following table exhibits the geoloj^ioal formations of the State, as arranged by the State geologists. Captions III., 
IV., and V. are comprised under the general head of the transition system of geologists : 

TAHULAE VIEW OF TUE ROCKS OF NEW YOKK, IN SYSTEMS, GKOUTS, AND F0RMATI0.V8. 



Systema. 

I. Alluvial 

II. DlLtlVIAI 

III. Oli> IIed Sandstone... 

IV. New York Teansitiok. 



V. TAGHKANrc, or Taconic. 

VI. G NEiss, or primary 



VII. SuPEEINCTTirUENTKOCKS 

VIII. UNSTEATrriED COCKS. . 



Groups. 

AUtwial 

Diluvial 

Old red stnuffifotu; 
berg 

)^n\\. 

Ikklerhe/'fj 



Chainjilfdii. 



Eouldcrs, etc. ; clay and saiuls. 

Conglomerate; old red j:anilstone. 

Chemung sandstones aii«i fln-^st-'nes; Ludlowvillc shales. 

llelderberg limestone; Scholiarie grit; brown argillaceous 

sandstone ; enerina) limestone ; Oriskany limestone ; green 

shaly limestone ; pentamerus linicstnne. 
Onondaga salt and gy[)seou9 rocks; limestone and green 

shales; argillacenus iron ore; Medina sandstone, soft 

green, and variegated. 
Grey sandstone and conglomerate; Lorraine Bhales and 

roofing-slate; Utica slate; Trenton limestone; bird's-eyo 

limestone; Chazy limestone ; calciterous sand-rock ; Pots- 
dam sandsU^ne. 
Ligiit green shales, sometimes brown and plumbaginous; 

grey and cinuded limestone ; brown sandstone. 
Gneiss, hornblende, and mica slate ; talcose elate and 

steatite. 
Greenstone, trap, and pori)liyry. 
Granite, hypersthene rucks ; primary limestone ; serpentine ; 

magnetic iron ore. 



There are two tracts of primary and unstratified rocks ; the first is nearly circnlar in firm, and occnpies the counties 
of Kssex, Warren, and Hamilton, and parls of the adjoining eonnlies ; and the second is in the sonlh-east, of a somewhat 
triangular furm, and comprises Putnam and Westchester, witb the larger part of New York, and part of llockland, 
Orange, and Duchess counties. These two sections, together, oceupy nearly one-third part of the State. They contain 
exbMisive iron mines, and mines of lead and plumbago. Their surface is generally l)roken and elevated — in the Adiron- 
dack group towering up to tlie height of a mile above tide-water, and attaining in tlie beetling cliffs whieli overlook the 
waters of the Hudson a considerable though less lofty altitude. The soil is less arable ami fertile than in the hmds of 
limestone formation, but is naturally covered with a gigantic growth of oak, pine, and hemlock. The gnriss of this sys- 
tem furnishes a fine buihiing material, and under the name of granite is abundantly quarried. The serjientine, primitive 
limestone and steatite are also largely produced for the purposes of the arl^. These ror-ks abomid in minerals, as garnet, 
ber\l, chrysoberyl, pyroxene, sphene, tourmaline, ajiatiie, colophonite, seapolite. labradurite, epmiite. etc. 

The Taconic system is composed of brown sandstone, gray limestone, green shales, etc., and contains some minerals. 
It furnishes fine limestone for Iniilding, but has few or no fossils. The overlaying soil is oftm highly ferlile. Its range 
comprises the whole of Wx'ihington, Kensselaer, and Columbiit, part of Duchess, TTIster, Greene, Aib.any, and Saratoga, 
and trending westward occui)ics a narrow tract in Schenectady, Montgomery, Herkimer, and dneida, and expands more 
■jv'idely in Oswego and Jefferson counties. 

The New York system comprises four distinct groups. Tlie constituents of the Champlain group arc various kinds of 
sandstone and limestone, slate, conglomerate, and a peculiar stone, compnsjted of lime and sand, and hence called cal- 
ciferous (lime-bearing) sand-rock. Of these, the Potsdam sandsU'ne furnishes a beautiful and durable building material ; 
the Trenton and birds-eye limestone are used in the arts; Lorraine shales and Utica slate are employed for rooting ; while 
the gray sandstones and conglomerates furnish stone suitable for grind-stones. The rocks of this group abound in fossils 
of the earlier periods — encrinltes, trilobites, and numerous others, unlike any of the Crustacea now in existence. Tlie 
soil throughout the territory occupied by this group is generally good, and much of it highly ferlile, being constantly en- 
riched by the decomposing limestone, etc. The group occupies a very considerable but irregular territory ; it appears 
occasionally in small beds, tlien dips, and again appears as a surface rock. In the form of Potsdam sandstone, etc., it 
bounds the great primary region of the norlh-east in every direction, varying in width from two to fifty miles, and also 
appears in narrow beds on both sides of the Hudson Kiver. 

The Ontario group consists of three distinct portions. The lowest, a marly sandstone, decomposing ra])idly when exposed, 
is called Medina eandsl^^me ; next a series of soft, green, slaty rocks, also easily decomposed, and overlaid by clayey and 
flinty limestone, alternating with each other, and finally terminating on tlio limestone over which the Niagara pours its 
cataract; and, lastly, a group of limestones containing gypsum, hydraulic cement, water-lime, and salt, known as the 
Onon'laga salt group. This group is the most valuable of the transition system. It includes the salt springs of Salina, 
etc., and furnishes in its gypsum one of the most potent of fertilizers, and in its water-lime an indispensable material in 
the construction of aqueducts, etc. Tlic fossils of this group arc numerous and interesting. Sliclls of bi-valve mollusca, 
conallines, and madrepores, together with traces of vegetable existence, mark tliis era. Minerals are not numerous here. 
The clayey limestone containing iron ore, fluor spar, and selcnite. appear occasionally, and sulphur springs gush up in 
T.irious sections. Its soil is of unsurpassed and permanent fertility, and its territorial limits coni[)ose the granary of the 
State. The oak, beech, maple, elm, butter-mit. liickory.and bla<-k walnut, are the principal forest trees. The Ontario 
group commences at the north-west extremity of Lake Outarii>, and extends eastward, with a mean breadth of 20 miles, 
to its termination in Montgomery County. 

The Hclderberg series comprises four kinds of limestone, aiyl three of sandstone (see table). Many of its constituents 
abound in fossils. Tlie Helderberg limest<me is cavernous, and many of tlie caves have been explored fur a considerable 
tlislance, and have been fonn<l to contain stalaclites and stalagmites of great variety and beauty. The principal minerals 

6C5 



NEW YORK. 



of this group are bog-iron ore, fluor spar, jasper, strontian, aal'in spar, alum, bitumen, and small veins of anthracite. The 
soil overlying the rocks is either a fine chiy. or sand lying upon clay. Marl is also of frequent occurrence. The growths 
are chiefly oak, chestnut, hickory, pine, etc. By suitable cultivation good crops of grain may be grown. This group 
occupies the narrow tract coniniencing in (Grange, and passing through Ulster, to the Hudson, thence along the banks of 
that river to Albany, where it turns westwardly, and passes through the centre of (he State, south of the Ontario group, 
forming the beds of most of the small lakes in Western New York, and ttrniinates on the shores of Lake Erie. 

The Erie group is composed of two portions. The lower, or Ludlowville shales, is composed of sofi, slaty rocks, 
alternating with their beds of limestone, easily decomposed ; and the upper, or Chemung series, consists of thin, even beds 
of gray sandstone, with intervenin<; shales or beds of slate. Some of the fossils found in this group possess great beauty. 
Ferns, etc., frequently occur, indicating the approach to that period of vegetable luxuriance which marks the coal 
formation. The avicula delthyris and oilier conchifera are found embedded in the rocks. Petroleum, called Seneca oil, 
occurs in several localities, and in a number of places carburetted hydrogen is evolved from the surface, and in such 
quantities as to be used for illumination. The soil where the Ludlowville shales form the surface rock is fertile, though 
rough and broken ; in the higher regions oc(!Upied by the Chemung Hmestone, the character of the soil is different, and 
the white pine and hemlock take the place of the oak, maple, and beech of the lower lands, and attain a gigantic growth. 
These lands produce grasses abundantly, and as they become cleared will afford pasturage of the best character. The 
Erie series covers nearly the whole of Chaulau(iue, Cattaraugus, Wyoming, Alleghany, Steuben, Tatcs, Tompkins, Che- 
mung, and Tioga counties, together with portions of Broome, Chenango. Cortland, Ontario, Livingston, Genesee, and Erie, 
as well as a narrow tract in Sullivan, Ulster, Greene, Schoharie, and Otsego counties. 

This completes what for convenience has been termed the New York transition system. The remaining group properly 
belongs to the transition system of the English geologists, and is by them denominated old red sandstone, that rock being 
its principal constituent. It is predominant in the Kaiitisberg, and hence the State geologists have given it the name of 
that locality. It consists of old red sandstone, overlying the Chemung sandstone, and of conglomerate, which is immediately 
beneath the coal-bearing limestone of Pennsylvania. The sandstone imparts its red hue to the soil that covers it. It 
contains comparatively few fossils — the scales and bones of some lizard-like fish have been discovered in it. Bog- 
iron ore and calcareous spar are the only minerals of consequence found in this formation. The conglomerate affords 
fine grind-stones, and has been used to some extent for mill-stones. The overlying soil is good. Hemlock, beech, maple, 
elm, basswood, butternut, etc., are the principal trees — oak seldom occurs. This series is chiefly local, and occupies only 
the south-western counties in tha neighborhood of the Kaatsbergs. 

The diluvial regions are chiefly iti the neighborhood of the St. LawTence, Lake Champlain, and the Hudson, and com- 
pose the surface of the northern half of Long Island. They consist of a stiff, bine clay beneath, a yellowish-brown clay 
above this, and sand on the surface. The marine shells found in these clays, belong in some instances to extinct species. 
To this system belong also the boulders scattered so widely over the State. 

The alluvial deposits, consisting of gravel, sand, loam, etc., thrown up by the waters, and deposited on the lake shores 
and river banks, and still in process of aggregation, constitute the last of the geological formations. To these belong 
portions of the valleys of the rivers and lakes, and the southern half of Long Island. The soil of both the dihivial and 
alluvial deposits is mainly fertile. 

Trap and porphyry do not in this Stato constitute a separate formation. They occur either in columnar masses, like 
the Palisades, or in narrow dykes traversing rocks of an entirely different constitution, and their position is evidently tho 
result of the action of subterranean fire. Porphyry is only found occupying a tract of a few miles in length on Lake 
Champlain. 

In connection with the geology of the State, the "ridge road*' is worthy of more extended notice. This road consists of 
a bank of sand, gravel, etc., varying in height from 100 to 150 feet, and extending along the whole southern coast of Lake 
Ontario at a distance of six or eight miles flrom it, forming a natural highway. It ia said that a somewhat similar ridge 
exists along the northern shore of the lake. That this ridge once, and at no distant period, formed its shore, is proved by 
the existence of small sand hillocks, evidently heaped up by the action of the waves, by the absence of Indian mounds and 
fortifications on the north side of the ridge, and their frequent occurrence immediately south of it, and, above all, by tho 
structure and composition of the ridge itself. 

The deep channels cut in the rocks by many of the rivers are also subjects of geological haterest. The Hudson, the 
St. Lawrence, Oswego, etc., either have banks sloping to the water's edge, or if they occasionally pass through narrow and 
precipitous defiles, have not worn themselves a passage by the action of their waters upon the rocky barrier which opposed 
them, but have availed themselves of a route opened by some convulsion of nature. Such is not the case with the 
Mohawk, the Chenango, the Genesee, and the Niagara. Descending from elevated table-lands, they have, by their 
ceaseless flow, hewn out a channel through the shales, slates, and marly sand and limestones, in some instances 400 or 500 
feet below the level of the surrounding country. The constant action of the waters upon these decomposing rocks has 
also caused the Falls of Niagara to recede, as some geologists suppose, a distance of five or six miles, and this recession is 
stilt in progress. 

Among the useful metals, iron is that moat abundant in New York. It is found in five forms. The magnetic oxide is 
most abundant in Essex, Clinton, Franklin, Warren, Orange, and Putnam counties; the abundance is immense ; a single 
vein (the Stafford vein, in Essex County) being estimated by Professor Emmons to contain ore sufficient to yield 3,000,000 
tons of malleable imn. This ore is confined to primary rocks. The specular oxide is foimd chiefly in St. Lawrence, 
Jefferson, and Franklin counties imbedded in sandstone, and though less abundant than the former, is still found in largo 
quantities. The argillaceous ore, called also bog ore, is found in various parts, evidently deposited by diluvial and allu- 
vial action in the clay and gravel. The hematitic ore frequently occurs in crystals of fantastic and beautiful forms ; it is 
found extensively in Kichmond, Orange, Ulster, Putnam, Duchess, Clinton, Warren, and Wayne counties; also in West- 
chester and Rockland, and usually makes its appearance in the lower limestones of the transition system. The carburet 
of iron, or graphite, occurs abundantly in Duchess County, and in considerable quantities in Ei^sex and Clinton counties. 

Lead is found in immense quantities in Si. Lawrence County, and less abundantly in the Shawangunk Mountains, iu 
Sullivan and Ulster counties, etc. It does not seem to be confined to any geological era, but occurs in nearly all tho 
formations. Zinc and copper occur in various parLs, and arsenic has been discovered in Putnam County. Baryles 
and strontian are abundant in Schoharie and Jefferson, and alum is found in many districts. The existence of gypsum 
and hydraulic cement has already been noticed. Serpentine and its kindred minerals, soapstone, talc, carbonate, hydrate 
and sulphate of magnesia, together with asbestos, and amianthus, occur abundantly in Putnam, Orange, Westchester, 
566 



NEW YORK. 



Jefferson, and SL LaAvrcnce counties, and in considerable quantities in otber parts. Numerous other minerals, of interest 
only to llie professed geologist, arc found everywhere. 

Mineral springs, the waters of which are of great value, exist in various disfriots. The ehalybcate springs of Saratoga, 
the sulphur springs of Avon, liochester, and Chittenaugo, the brine springs in Genesee, Erie, and Orleans counties, the 
petrifying springs of Madison and Saratoga counlii-s, etc., are well known and appreciated. The oil springs found in 
Cattaraugus and AlleE;hany counties, the nitrogen spriiiga of New Lebanon and lloosie, and the carburetted liydrogen 
springs in t^ie neighborhood of Lake Erie and the Niagara liiver, are also well wurtJiy of notice. The village of 
Fredonia, and the hglit-housc at Barcelona, are illuminated by the latter. Springs of the same character are also found 
in Duchess, Oneida, and Monroe counties. 

The butany of this great State is exceedingly diverse in its characteristics. Holding a geographical position midway 
between the north and the south, the trees, slirubs, grasses, etc., of both extremes are found within its borders. Immense 
forests still occupy the uncultivated regions north and we^t, consisting mostly of oak, pine, beech, etc., while chestnut, 
hickory, and maple, with a numlier of others less numerous, but not less valuable trees are scattered over its territory. The 
mountain sides and woods are clothed iu a shrubby undergrowtli, and in the open plains flourish hundre<Is of more humble 
herbaceous plants, among which maybe found m:my that are rare and curious. Flowery shrubs and plants cover the 
surface; the anemone, ranunculus, and viuk-t put forth tlieir flowers in every sheltered place; and the dock tribe flourish 
luxuriantly in the marslves. Among the hjbcUa tribe there is the cardmal flower, Indian tobacco {hrfidta), etc. ; and in 
the deep recesses o( the forests, tlie arum and orchis tribes, of strange forms and brilliant colors, are met with. In the 
fall season the asters and goldeu-rods are the pride of the plain. Medicinal jjlants are in abundance — the eicuta, conium, 
stramonium, are found on evcrj' aide, and the mints are abundantly distributed. Among the shrubs also are many highly 
useful in medicine. 

But the most important vegetation of the State is undoubtedly its forest trees. Of the coniferce there are nine distinct 
families, viz. : the pitch pine, white pine, hemlock, spruce, balsam t!r, black spruce, wliite spruce, tamarack, etc., also the 
red cedar, white cedar, arbor vita?, and the yew. Oaks are more numerous in specits, and among these are many of 
the most valuable kinds of timber; white, black, scarlet, black chestnut, willow, swamp, mossy, black-jack, etc., are the 
best known. Elm, ash, maple, walnut, beech, etc., in numerous species, are found in different parts. Of the mai)le 
species, the sugar maple is most valuable, on account of its furnishing domestic sugar, which is now used by the farmers 
of the interior almost to the exclusion of cane sugar. 

No class of plants is so widely distributed as that of grasses. The Flora of this State contains many native species, 
but only a small number of these is of any value, and the meaditw grasses, with few exceptions, are of foreign origin. 
The principal of these are, the timothy, sweet vernal, meadow, blue and rough grasses, Wheat, rye, and oats are culti- 
vated extensively, and the zigania aqualiea, a wild rice, which forms a principal article of the food of the Indian, grows 
abundantly in the northern counties. "VN'ihl oats and chess are common. Some grasses are confined to particular soils. 
Many in sandy soils have matted roots, and by forming a thick sod, prevent the loose soil from being carried away by 
the flood or winds, and others by their annual decay fertilize soils which otherwise would be arid and unproductive. 
Ferns and fern-like plants occupy a wide extent of territory, while mosses and rushes are equally abundant, and form in 
many instances most valuable adjuncts to the comforts of domestic life. 

The whole number of flowering plants in this State is about 1,450, and of these 1.200 are herbaceous, and 150 may be 
regarded as ornamental. Of woody plants there are 'J50 species, including about 80 that attain to the stature of trees. Of 
plants that are reputed medicinal, there are, native and naturalized, about IGO species. 

The animal kingdom is replete with objects of interest, and opens a wide field for the study of natural history. The 
carnivorous animals existing in this Slate are the black bear, the raccoon, wolverine, skunk, fisher, weasel, pine martin, 
ennine weasel, mink, otter, native dogs, the gray and black wolf, the panther, wild cat, bats, the mole, and the shrew. 
Of the marsupial, or pouched, animals the opossum is tlie only species. The order rodcniia, or gnawers, are numerous, and 
comprises the beaver, muskrat, rabbit, prairie hare, squirrels, woodchucks or marmot*, and rats and mice of numerous 
kinds. The American deer, the moos6, slag, and reindeer, belonging to the ungulata, were formerly numerous ; to this 
family belong also the horse, ass, ox, hog, goats, and sheep, but these are not indigenous. In the waters are many cetace- 
ous animals — whales of several species, witli the porpoise, grampus, etc. The mastodon has been found in a fossil state 
in all parts, and the teeth and other remains of elephants, etc., have been occasionally dug up. 

Among the birds of prey natives of New York there are, of the vulture tribe, the turkey buzzard ; of the falcon tribe, the 
golden and bald eagle, the goshawk, the fish hawk, the marsh harrier, with four other species of hawk, and six of buz- 
zard, and of the owl tribe, ten species; of birds of passage, 20 different tribes and 149 species are enumerated; belonging 
to the gallinaeea are the wild turkey, American quail, partridge, grouse, prairie hen, etc. The grallo, or wailcrs, are very 
numerous, counting C'2 species in seven families. Lobipcdes, or lobe-footed birds, are represented in the coot, the homed, 
crested, and red-necked grebe, and the dipper; and among the natatores are puffing loons, petrels, pelicans, gulls, and 
the goose and duck, in all 6 families and 71 species. Among the latter are the canvas-back duck, so famous with 
epicures, the American widgeon, and the American swan. Of the buzzard tribe the blue-tailed shink, or striped buzzard, 
and the brown swifl-legged are the only species, the first in the southern counties, and the latter frequenting the woods 
in every district. 

There are but three orders of reptiles in New York. Among the turtle tribe we find the green turtle, which, though a 
native of more southern latitudes, frequently appears in the waters of this State ; the leather turtle, a gigantic species ; the 
soft shell turtle, which inhabits the Mohawk and the lakes; the snapping turtle, terrapins, tortoises (the geographic and 
pseudo-geographic), etc. Serpents are numerous, but of these only two species, the copper-head and northern rattle-snake, 
are considered to be venomous. In all there are aljout 40 species known to naturalists. 

The amphibious animals are comprised in four families ; of the ranidse, or frog tribe, there are 13 species ; of salaman- 
ders, 12 species ;' of the Iriton tribe, 4 species ; and of the proteus tribe, 2 species. The banded proteus is a very singular 
animal, having the body of a lizard and the gills of a fish. 

The fishes indigenous to the waters of the Slate are very numerous. Bony fishes are comprised in stx orders: among 
the pectinibranchi the best known are the perch, bass, bull head, sheep head, porgee, pilot fish, mullet, black fish, mack- 
erel, etc.; of the abdominals, the shad, herring, salmon trout, cat fish, carp, pike, pickerel, minnow, etc.; of the jugularcs, 
thecod, haddock, hake, halibut, flounder, turbot, sole, etc.; of the apodab-s, the eel and the conger; of the lophobranchi, 
the pipe fish and the Hudson Uiver sea-horse; and of the electrognathi, the ballooTi finh. the puffer, tho gloljc fish, etc. 
The cartilagurous family comprises three orders, viz., tho cleutheropomi, of which the sturgeon is the only example ; the 

607 



NEW YORK. 



plagiostomi, which embraces the shark and the ray ; and the cyclostomi, of which the lamprey, or lamper eel, is the repre- 
sentiitive. Twenly-five or thirty species of fishes have beeu found in a. fossil stale, and of Ihese several species belong to 
families now extinct. 

The Crustacea; are embraced in 10 orders. There are but 27 species of the order decapoda, of which lobsters, crabs, 
shrimps, etc., are the best known species; of the stomapoda tlierc arc but three species, among which are the opossum- 
shrimp and squill ; of the amphipoda four species exist, as the sand flea, etc. ; of the losmipoda, the whale-louse and sua- 
measuring worm are the only specimens; of the isopoda there are 14 species, 7 of which are parasitical— barnacles are an 
example of this order ; of the poecilipoda 5 species, as the horse-shoe, etc. ; of the phyllopoda, lophryopoda, branchiopodn, 
and ostrapoda, but few specimens are found, and those few are known only to the curious zoologist. 

Molluscous animals are very numerous. Among the cephalopoda are the cuttle- fish, spirula, etc. The clio is a rcpre- 
eentative of the pteropoda. The gasteropoda include a vast variety of snails and animals inhabiting turbinated shells. 
Oysters, clams, etc., which are arrayed under eight sub-divisions, consist each of several species. Members of the 
orders cirrhopoda and tunicata are not very numerous. Geologists have discovered many specimens of fossil molhisca 
imbedded in the limestone and sandstone formations— the most remarkable of these are various species of the Irilobite, 
the encrinite, the pentamerus, etc. 

No full account of the insects of New York lias yet been published, but these are very numerous, and many of them 
of rare and beautiful appearance. Tlie coU-optcra, or beetle tril)c, alone numbers some 1,'200 varieties, and many of these 
have brilliant colors, and are of great magnitude. The orthnptera, or roach tribe, includes the the cockroach, cricket, 
grasshopper, etc., everywhere as plentiful as need be for comfort. The katydid, so well known by the peculiar sliriU 
sound it produces, belongs to this order. The homoptera include a large variety of locusts, among which there is ono 
remarkable for remaining 17 years in the grub state. The htenioptera comprise many bugs injurious to vegetation, 
particularly the May bug, the lady-bug, the apple-tree bliglit, etc. The order of lepidoptera probably numbers not less 
than 1,000 species, and includes butterflies and moths, the size and brilliant colors of many being astonishing. Spiders, 
which range under the order arachnidoe, number 200 species, some of which are very large, and possessed of great beauty. 
The long-legs, the clawed-spider, the tick, the mite, the louse, etc., also belong to this order. Tlie vermes, or worm family, 
and the animalculai of the State, have not been scientifically examined, but their species are as abundant and prolific as 
njost persons could desire. One drop of " pure Croton," which is so extolled by the citizens of New York, is said to contain 
myriads of organized beings ranging under these heads. 

Let us now take a view of man. The aboriginal inhabitants, formerly a great and numerous people, are now sleeping 
with their fathers, or pursuing their pleasures in the spirit-land of their creed. A small remnant, however, is still left in 
the "Western counties of the State, but this seems lo be a mere wreck of former days. The present inhabitants are of 
European origin, and vastly diversified in their races and tougue-s. The English in their descendants predominate, and 
perhaps the Irish, Dutch, and German, are next in numerical proportion. The early enumerations are not sufficiently 
exact to make them of any account In 1701, the population is staled to have been about 80,000 ; in 1731, 50,000 ; and in 
1750, 100,000. The census of 1771 exhibited the total population at 163,333. The enumerations since taken under the 
auth'irity of the United States at decennial periods, commencing 1790, exhibit more accurate returns, and furnish the 
following results : 



Colored Persons. 



Cenaus Wliito 

Years. Persons. 

1790 8U,143 ... 

ISOO 556,039 . . . 

ISIO 91S,699 ... 

1S20 . 
1S30 . 
1&40 . 
1S50 . 



Decennial Im 



Free. 
.. 4,654.. 
..10,-374.. 
..25,333.. 



Numericfil. 



Per cent. 



Total 
Slnye. Ti.tal. Populntion. 

. .21,3-24 25,973 340.1 20 

..20.:U3 80,717 .5S6,7o0 

,..15,017 40,850 959.049 

..1,37'2.S12 

75 44,945 1,913,006 540,194 82.0 

4 511,031 2,42S.921 515,915 26.9 

8,097,394 66S,473 27.5 



. ^6.636 72.5 

. 372,293 63.4 

. 413,763 43.1 



1,330,744 31,930 10,0SS 42,0fiS . 

1,868,061 44,870.. 

,2.378,890 50,027.. 

8,049,181 47,914 — 47,914 . 

New York is divided into 59 counties, the general statistics of which, and the capitals of each, in 1S50, were as follows : 
Northern New York — 45 counties. 
^"T. Slf: Capital,. C»u„t» 

393.. Albany Montgomery. 

291.. Angelica Ni.igiira.. 

Oneida 

Onondaga . . . 
Ontario . 



Dwell. 

. 13,71T, 
. (5,983 
. 5,651 



9,074. 
5,095. 
7,5T2. 



Counties. 

Albany . . . 
Alleghany . . 

Broome 

Cattaraugus, 

Cayuga 

Cliautauque 
Chemung... 
Chenango . . 

Clinton G,7I3 

Cortland 4,,^S0. 

Delaware... 

Erie 

Essex 

Franklin. 
Fulton..., 
Genesee . 
Hamilton 
Herkimer 
JelTerson . 

Lewis 4,624 

Livingston.. 7,172. 
Madison .... S.19S 

Monroe 15,027, 

563 



Pop. 

93.279.. 2,903.. 

37,80S..8,178.. 

30,660. .2,497.. 
6,7S0.. 33,950. .8,655.. 
9,259.. 55,463.. 4,223.. 

50,493.. 5,163.. 

23,821.. 2.170.. 

40,311.. 4,406.. 

40,047.. 2,095. 



229..Btnghampton 
299..EllieottsviIle 
508.. Auburn 
510. .ilayville 
3-21..Elmira 
561. .Norwich 
.461..Platt3burg 
25,140. .2,465. .203. .Cortland Village 
39,3.34. .4.T47.. 433.. Delhi 
1 00,993 .. 4,330 .. 633 .. Bu ffalo 
6.321. . 81,143. .1,372. .199. .Elizabclhtown 
4,233. . 25,102. .1,647. .129. .Malnne 
3,730.. 20,171.. 1,361.. 233. 
23,433. .2,574.. 199. 
2,189.. 261.. 17. 
88,244. .2,723.. 277. 
63.153. .5,490.. 630. 
24..'i64.. 2,874.. 67, 



. 7,105 
. 17,104 



5,014. 

407. 

6.664. 

11,926. 



40,375.. 2,503. 
, 48.072.. 3,345. 
. 87,660. .4,113. 



,863. 
.404. 



..Johnstown 

.Batavia 

. MorehouseviUe 

.Herkimer 

. Watertown 

.ilartinsburg 

.Goneseo 

.Morrisvllle 



,526..Eoche8ter 



Dwell. 

5,853. 

7,435. 
.16,761. 
.15,3.35. 



M.inur. f .,,,„ 

E.tnh. C.-,p,t,il8. 



Pup. 
,31,992.. 1,833.. 267.. Fonda 
,43,276. .3,143. . 836. .Lockpurt 
,99,566.. 6,292.. 9.52.. Rome 
85,390. .4,695. .1,410, .Syracuse 
7,863.. 4.3,929.. 8,058. . 205..Canandaigua 

Orleans 5,273. .28,501. .2,271.. 232. .Albion 

Oswego 11,064. .62,193. .4,497. . MO. .Oswego 

Otsego 9.037.. 4S,G3S.. 4,7m.. 330 . . Cooperstovra 

Rensselaer . . . 10,972 . . 73,363 .. 2,930 . . 639 . . Troy 

Saratoga 7,394.. 45,646.. 8,465. . 849. .Ballston 

Schenectady . 3,195.. 20,054. .1,040.. 
Schoharie .. . . 5,873. .33.548. .2,439. . 

Seneca 4,511. .25.411. .1,555.. 

SI, Lawrence. 11,704. .63,617. .6.124. . 
Steuben 11,210. .63,771. .5,797. . 



Tioga 

Tompkins . . 

Warren 

"Washington. 

"Wayne . 

"Wyoming. 



4,442.. 24,880 

7,1 03.. 33,746 

2.976. 

S,ri43. 

S.074. 

5.918. 



2,026.. 

3,193. . 
17,199.. 1,!)05.. 
44.750.. 3,037.. 
44,953.. 8,957.. 
81,981. .3,360.. 



Yates 8,784.. 20,690.. 1,673.. 165 



107. .Schenectady 
243.. Schoharie 
240.. Waterloo 
4.56. .Canton 
576. .Bath 
354..0wego 
4S4..Ilhaca 
123.. Caldwell 
270.. Sandy Hill 
250. .Lyons 
299.. Warsaw 
Penn "Sfaa 



NEW YORK. 











SofTUEHN Nkw York — 14 countiea. 










Count if 9. 


Hwell. 


Pop. 


Fiirms 


":"1 <^'i"""- 


Counties. Dwell. 


Pop. 


Farm! 
in r-ult. 


Mnntif 
Kstab 


. Cnpjtals. 


Columbia . 


. 7.II29. 


4-3.073. 


.2,511. 


20.3.. Hudson 


Qii.rns 0.230. 


86.833. 


.2,3113. 


S9. 


.N. Heiupstcad 


Duchess .. 


. Sf%i. 


. 5S,992. 


.,3,2US. 


. 415..rougIikeep.'iie 


liichilioit.i . . 2.3:54. 


15,061 . 


. 212. 


87. 


Uichtnorul 


Greene . . . 


. 5,745. 


38,126. 


.2,672. 


4:i3..Ciilsl;ill 


KoeUland ... S.DU. 


16,9lM. 


. 032. 


144. 


. Clarkslowa 


Kings — 


.15,809. 


.1S3.SS2. 


. 363. 


. 570. .IJrookl.vn 


SlllTolk 6,745. 


86,922. 


.2,823. 


96. 


.Sufiblk 


New York 


.37,077. 


.515,547. 


. 103. 


.3,.305..NeW York 


Stillivan .... 4.3.'i5. 


25,033. 


.1,339. 


SCO. 


.Monlicello 


Orange . . . 


. 9.GS6. 


. 57,145. 


.8,426. 


. 357.. Goshen 


Ulslcr 9,735. 


59.334. 


.8,.539. 


441. 


.KingsUm 


Putnam . . 


. 2,425. 


. 14,183. 


. 9S9. 


. S9..C.irmel 


WesLchcster. 8,7.54. 


58,263. 


.2,587. 


896. 


.BeUlora 



-) 



lsi,->n. 

447,014 head .... 


1 


DtiTeiisp. 


963 " 


\ 




931,.824 " 






178,909 " 


I 


33,005 " or 1.7 " 


767,406 " 


\ 




3,4.^3,241 " 




l,0n.'-),.-<S6 " or .32.5 " 
831,5*3 " or 40.4 " 


1,018,522 '' .... 





The whole number of dwellings in the Stale, at the above date, was 478,930, of families 566,869, and of inhabitants 
8,097,394, viz., whites 3,049,457— males 1,545,052, and females l,.'j()4,405; fr. col, 47,987— males 22,973, and females 24,959. 
Of Iho whole population tiiere were deaf and dumb— tyv\i. 1.297, fr. col. 10 — total 1,307: hlind — wh. 1,221, fr. eol. 51— total 
1,272; inmiie—\\\\. 2.644, fr. col. .30— total 2,530; and idictic—wh. 1,721, fr. eol. 13— total 1.739. Tlii> number of free ])erson3 
born in the United States was 2,4:39.296 ; the number of fnreigti liirlh, C51,8itl ; and of I>irll] unknown, 0.261. The luttim 
population originated as follows: Maine 4,509, N. Iliinip. 15,519, Verm. .52.599, M.iss. 55,773, K. I. l:i,129, (.'onn. 60,101, 
JV«o York 2,151,196, N. Jer. ;56.319, Penn. 26,252, Del. ,899, Mil. 39.533, Dist. of Col. 538, Virg. 8,347, N. Car. 073, 8. Car. 
985, Ga. 610, Flor. 185, Ala. 184, Miss. 164, La. 503, Tex. 46. Ark. 20, Tenn. 110, Ky. 809, Ohio 3,74:3, Mich. 1,921. Inil. 415, 
111. 005, Mo. 173, la. 70. Wise. 800, Calif. 7, Territories 58. The foreign population was composed of pennons from — Kn- 
gland 84,820, Ireland ;348.111, Scotland 23,418, Wales 7,582, Germany 118,893, France 12,515, Spain 461, Portugal 194, 
Belgium 401, Holland 2.917, Ttirkey 12, Italy 8.3.3, Austria 108, Switzerland 1,8.50, Eussia 017, Denmark 429, N.irway 392, 
Sweden 763, Prussia 2.211, Sardinia 0, Greece 0, China :U, Asia CO, Africa SO, British America 47,200, Mexico 8:), Central 
America 29, S. America 179, West Inilics 1,007, Sandwich IslaiKls 40, and other countries 1,941. 

The statistics of the industry and institutions of the State, according to the returns of 1850, are as follows : 

Oa'itpied Lands, etc. — Improved farm lanils, 12,408,968 acres, and unimproved lands attached. 0,710,120 acres — valued 
in cash at $554,540,042. Total number of farms under cultivation 1st .June, 1850, 170.021 — in the northern tlislrict, 14:3,749, 
and in the southern district, 26,372. Value of farming implonients and machinery, $22,084,920. 

live-Stock. — The number of live-stock or domestic animals at the two periods 1840 and 1850, was .^a follows: 

Deicriplion, 1S40. 

n"'se9 ) 474,643heaa i 

Mules and Asses ( ( 

Milch Cows 1 

WorkingCven [•1,911,244 " ... 

Other Cattle ' 

Sheep 5.118,771 " ... 

Swine 1,900,005 " ... 

— the live-stock of 1850 was valued in the aggreg.ale at $73,570,499. 

Prodiirts ofAnitiitdi.—'Woo], 10,071,301 pounds ; butter, 79,700,094 pounds ; cheese, 49,741,413 pounds ; and tlie valao 
of animals slaughtered in the year had been $13,.573.9S-8. The wool crop, according to the returns of 1840, amoiuiled to 
9,815,295 pounds ; and hence the increase exhibited in 1850 was 226.000 pounds, or 2.3 per cent. The pnixiuct. per fleece, 
in 1340, was 1 lb. 14J- oz. ; and in 1850. 2 lb. 14J oz., or 62.1 per cent, increase. The butter produced is one-fourth of the 
production of the United States; and the cheese produced one-half the whole. 

Craiii 0-o;w.— Wheat, 13,121,493 bushels; rye, 4,148.132 bushels; Indian com, 17,853,400 bushels; oats, 20,552,814 
bu.^hels: barley, 3.53.5,059 bushels; buckwheat, 3,18:3,955 bushels. lu proportion to the crop of the United States, that 
of wheat is approximately onc-ei'jJith, that of rye one-fintrth, that of Indian corn one thtrttj-'^econd, that of oats more than 
one-si^h. that of barley two-thirds, and that of buckwheat one-third of the aggregate. The comparison of the several 
crops in 1S40 and 1S50, as returned by the censuses of those years, was as follows : 

Crop. IStO. 19.*0. Increase. 

■Wheat 12,286,418 hush 13.121 ,498 bu.sh 835,080 hush, or C.S per cent. 

Eye 2,979.323 " 4.143,132 " 1,168,8.59 " or 39.2 

IndianCorn 10.972,286 " 17,853.400 " 6.886,114 " or 62.7 " 

Oats 20,67.5,347 " 26..552,314 " 5,370,967 " or 28.4 " 

Barley 2,520,068 " 8,5<i,o.59 " 1,064.991 " or 42.2 " 

Buckwheat 2,287,385 " 8,13:3,955 " 1,896,070 " or 82.4 " 

Other Food Crops.— Veas and beans, 741,680 bushels; and pot.atoes— Irish, 1.5,:39S,8G2 bushels, and sweet, 6.028 bushels. 
The potato crop of 1389, as exhibited in the census of 1340, was 80,128,014 bushels, showing a decrease of 14,719,292 
bushels, or 4S.S per cent in the subsequent decade. 

MltceUancoxm Crops.— Tobacco, 83,189 pounds; hay, 3,728,797 tons; clover-seed, 88,223 bushels; other grass-seed, 
90,493 bushels ; hops, 2,530,299 pounds, being three-fourths of the aggregate crop of the Union ; hemp — dew-rotted, 1 ton, 
and water-rotted, 3 tons; flax, 940,677 pounds; flax-seed, 57,963 bushels; silk cocoons, 1,774 pounds; maple sugar, 
10,857,484 pounds; molasses, 50,.529 gallons; beeswax and lioney, 1,756,190 pounds; wine, 9,172 gaUons, etc. Value 
of orchard products, $1,761,960, or nearly one-fourth the value of these products in the United States ; and of market- 
garden products, $912,047, or more than an eighth the .aggregate. On comparing the above with the returns of 1840, Uie 
foUowhig results are obtained : 

Crops, eto. 1S^0. la'SO. M.ivement. 

Tobacco .' 7441bs 83.189 lb.s hier. 82,445 Ib.i., or]l.n^I.3percent. 

Hay 8,127.041 tons 3.728.797 Ions incr. O01.7.50tims.or 19.2 " 

Hops 447,250 lbs 2,536,299 lbs incc. 2,039,049 lbs., or 4-12.5 J' 

Hemp — dew-rotted j / 1 ton J 

" water-rotted t 1,1 30| tons \ 8 tons V deer. 1,538,063 lbs., or 62.5 " 

Flax I I 940.577 lb.s ' 

MapleSugar 10,043.109 lbs 10,.3.57,484 lbs incr. 809..375 lbs., or 3.1 " 

Wine....'. C,799gals 9,172 gals incr. 2,:373 gls., or S2.9 " 

Z3 S60 



NEW YORK. 



Home-made mantifactures were produced iu the year ending 1st June, liSO, to the value of $l,'JSti,;l».'!. The same 
class of goods for the jear antecedent to the census of ISW, were valued at $4,030,547. Decrease, $3,i!o0,'214, or 72.4 

per cent. 

J/inii(/«e/i/»w.— Capital invested, $00,000,000; value of all raw material, fuel, etc., consumed, $00,000,000; hands era- 
ployeil, OOO.OOO— nisUes 000,01X1, and females 00,000 ; monthly cost of labor, $0,000,000— male $0,000,000, and female $000,000 ; 
value of priKiueis, $00,000,000. Number of manufacturing establishments in operation 1st June, ISSO, and producing to 
the value of $500 and upward annually, 25,S"23 — in northern district 10,S77, and in southern district 6,946, and distrilmted 
to the counties as shown in the general table. Of this number S6 were cotton factories, '240 w<x)len factories, 94J tan- 
neries, and 401 manufactories of iron— 823 making cast iron, IS pig iron, and 00 wrought iron. The total capiud invested 
in 1S40 amounted to $55,252,779. 

CapiLnl invested iu cottwi manufixcturei, $4,176,920 ; cotton used, 87,778 bales ; coal consumed, 1,589 tons ; value of all 
r.i\v mau-rial, fuel, etc., $1,9S5,973; hands employed, 6,320— males 2,032, and females 8,6SS; monthly cost of labor, 
jjtf.Oly— male $4S.244, and femide $35,699; average monthly wages— to males $1S 83, and to females $9 OS; annual 
proJuels, +4,901.475 yards sheeting, etc., and 2,1S0,600 pounds of yarn— in all valued at $3,591,9S9. Capital in 1S40, 
$4,9U0.772 ; hands employed, 7,407 ; value of goods produced, $3,040,237. 

Capital invested in icoolfn iiHimijMtiires, $4,459,370 ; wool consumed, 12,58S,7S6 pounds ; value of all raw material, etc., 
used, $3,S3S.292 ; hands employed, 0,674— males 4,262, and females 2,412 ; monthly cost of labor, $113,524— ni.ile $S5,147, 
and female $2.S,377 ; average monthly wages- to males $21 46, and to fem.iles $1141; cloth manufactured, 7,924,252 yards, 
and yarn, 261,700 pounds— in all valued at $7,030,004. Capital in 1S40, $8,409,349; hands, 4,636; value of goods 
produced, $8,537,337. 

Capital invested In iannerlen, $5,025,143 ; value of all raw material used, $6,005,221 ; hands, 4,945— males 4,914, and 
females 81 ; monthly cost of labor, $103,464— male $41,245, and female $36S; tamiod— skins, S71,S94,and sides, 8,415,724— 
in all valued at $9,804,000. Capital iu 1S40, $3,907,348 ; hands employed, 6,579. 

]n the manufacture of matt a»d spirituott^ liquors the capital invested is $2,5S5,900; quantities and kinds of grain, 
etc., consumed— b.arlcy 2,062,250 bushels, rye 909,067 bushels, oats 6,707 bushels, apples 60,940 bushels, mohisscs 24,500 
hogsheads, .ind liops 5S1 tons ; hands employed, 1,8S0 ; quantity of liquors produced— ale, etc., 644,700 barrels, whisky and 
high wines 9,281,700 gallons, ."md rmn 2,4SS,S0O gallons. 

The statistics of the iivn manii/actiires in operation within the Slate, at the date of the taking of the seventh census, 
were as exhibited iu the annexed table : 

VnluM, products, etc. PiS ^roa. 

Capital invested dollars. . . 005,000. 

Ore used tons 40,8S5. 

IMg iron used " — . 

Old metal used " — . 

aiiner.ll coal consumed " 20. 



Coke and charcoal consumed.... bushels... 8,000,074 181,190 



Value of all raw material, etc. . .dollars. . 

Hands einploye<l number. 

Average monthly wages. dollars. . 



321,027. 

505. 

26.S0. 



Cast Iron. Wrou^Iit Iroru Totnl. 

4,622,4v2 1,181,300 6,36S,7S2 

— 44,042 101,027 

S,530 117,475 

— 3,212 

18.90S 86,653 

. 5,554.150 S,7S5,414 

. S3S,314. 3,553,109 

1,037 7,407 

26.00 — 



10S,94o 

8.212 

22,755 



2,893.768.... 
6,925.... 
27.49 



Products. tons. 13,420 104,5S3 13,036 261,M4 



Value of products : dollars.. 



415,600 B,921,9S0 1,423,968 7,761,548 

—total e.ipil.al iu 1S40, $2,103,415; hands, 8,456. 

J'oreigii Commerce.— Tl\e imports from foreign countries in the year ending 30th June, 1S50, were valued at $111,123,524, 
and the exports at $52,712,789. Of the exports, $41,502,800 was the value of domestic produce, of which $;33,934,409 
represented the value of merchandise cirried in American bottoms, and $7,508,891 that carried in foreign bottoms; and 
$11,209,989 was the value of foreign goods reexported, of which $7,086,687 in American bottoms, and $4,123,302 in foreign 
botuims. Of the imports, $85,147,721 was the v.alue of merchandise brought in American bottoms, and $22,975,803, that 
brought in foreign bottoms. The statistics of the shipping employed in this branch of industry for the same year, exhibits 
the annexed aggregates: 

SHIPPING ESIPLOTED IS THE FOEEIGN TRADE, 1849-50. 



Cleared. 



Tol.ll. 



Nationality 
orslii|<iii»g. 

American . . 

Foreign . . . . 



Vessels, 

4.1.37.. 

. 8,8-33.. 



1,502,200. 
775,430. 



Crevra 

... 59,010. 
... 40,780. 



Vessels. 

. 8.010.. 
. 8,093.. 



Tons. 

.. 1,411,557... 
.. 737,539... 



Crews. Vessels. 

55,575 7,747. 

89,439.... 7,525. 



Tons. 

.. 2,913,847. 
.. 1,512,969. 



Civwa, 
114.5S5 
80,219 



Total 7,969.... 2,277,720.... 99,790.. 

Viz. Atlantic Ports. 3,105.... 1,145.835.... 44,213.. 
" Lake Ports... 4,804.... 1,181,885.... 55,577.. 



7,,3|13.... 2,149,096.... 95,014... 16,272.... 4,426,816.... 194,804 
2.612.... 98.3,289.... 88,183... 6.777.... 2,129,124.... 82,346 
4,691.... 1,166,807.... 66,881... 9,495 2,297,692.... 112,463 



The Atlantic ports are included in the collection districts of New York, Cold Spring, Grecnport, and Sag Ilarboh; and 
the lake and SI. Lawrence ports, in tlie districts Oswego, Oswegatchic, Niagara, Cape A'inccnt, Sackclt's Harbor, liuffalo 
Creek, Champlain, and Genesee. New York entered 3,163 vessels, 1,145,881 tons, aud 44,166 men in crews, and cleared 
2,609 vessels, 9S2,47S tons, and 88,000 men, thus monopolizing the great bulk of the -Vtlantic trade. The relati>'o import- 
ance of the Lake Ports is exhibited in the order observed in the priority of their arrangement in the list above noled. 
The total amount of shipping owned within the St.ate at the period referred to, was 944,349 tons; registered (.all belonging 
to the Atlantic ports) 458,903 tons— 375,955 tons of the class permanent register, and 82,948 tons temporary : enrolled and 
licensed 473.556 tons— 384.790 tons in the Atlantic districte, and S8.7G6 tons in the lake districts ; and Ucensed (under 20 tons) 
11.890 tons of the registered shipping, 36.148 tons were navigated by steam-power, .tnd 6,029 tons were employed in the whale 
fisheries. The proportion of the cnrolle«l and licensed shipping employed in the coasting and river tr.ado was 485,109— 
388.2.39 tons in the Atlantic districts, and 97,870 tons in the lake districtsi, and in the cod fisheries 337 tons. Of the coasting 
shipping there is employed in steam navigation, 94,809 tons— in the Atlantic districts, 64,191 tons, and in the lake districts, 
80,618 tons. As o sliip-building State, New York is only second to Maine During the year 1849-60, there were built m 
670 



NEW YORK. 



Ibe Allautic ports, chiefly at New York city, 205 vessels, of an ajipiregate bunlen of 55,944 Ions, ami of tKcse 26 were aliii>,-i, 
8 bri^, 44 schooners, 104 sloops and canal boats, and 28 stearaer.-*. In the jiorts of Ihe lakes and Ihe St, Lawrence, the 
number of ships built was 22 (2,398 tons) — 1 brij;, G schooners, 3 sloops, etc., and 4 steamers. Of the lake i)orts, Oswofro 
built «*«(.', Buffalo seven, Niagara tuo, and Oenesee (/n<\ The movement of exports and iniporla for a series of years 
commencing 1791 and ending 1850, was as follows : 



Ye.,r. 


Ex|>ijrt9. 


1791... 


.. $2,605,465 


lTa2.... 


. . 2,.')S5,T90 


1T9S.... 


. . 2,9.52,370 


1T94 


.. ,^442,ls:3 


1T95.... 


.. 10,3()4,5S1 


ITOii.... 


.. 12,2US,027 


170T... 


.. 13,3ll,S,0M 


ITtis... 


.. 1-1,300,892 


1T99.... 


.. 1S.-19,,527 


ISUO... 


.. 14,04.'),079 


ISUl , . . 


.. 19,861,130 


1S02... 


.. 13,792,271; 


1SI)3... 


.. 10.S1S,:»7 


IsM... 


.. 16,081.251 


Ii0.!>... 


.. 23,482,94:} 


ISOC... 


.. 21,762.^45 


im.... 


.. 26,357.963 


ISOs... 


. . n,60G,05S 


1WI9.,. 


.. 12,631,662 


ISIU... 


.. 17,242,330 



Imports. I YenT. Exports. 

J ISll $12,200,215 



Itiipr.rts. 



$ 



;si2. 

1M3. 
1814. 
1815. 
1816. 
1SI7. 



8,961,922 
8,1.86,494 
209,070 
10,675,373 
19,690.031 
18,707,433 



1831 

18-32.... 


..i|i3o,l>.50.144 . 
.. 26,000.945 . 


..iJOI,»l 1,411 
.. 5;j.214.402 


1833.... 


.. 2.1.395,117 . 


.. 5.5,918,419 


1S84.... 


.. 18.^19,4159 . 


.. 73,188,594 


1835.... 


.. 80.:!4'>,26-t . 


.. ,88,191,805 


1S36.... 


.. 28,i.)2U,(a8 . 


..118,2,53,416 


1.8.37.... 


.. 27,338,419 . 


.. 79,301,772 


1838... 


.. 23.008.471 . 


.. 68.4,53,206 


1839.... 


.. 83.20s(n)9 . 


.. 99,s>2,-!33 


1*40.... 


.. .■M.2i;4,()80 . 


... 60,410,7;0 


1S41... 


.. 33.139,833 . 


... 7.5.71.3,426 


1842... 


.. 27,676,778 . 


... 57,876,';i'4 


1S43... 


.. 16.702,1164 . 


... 31, 858,510 


1844... 


.. 82,861, .540 . 


... 66,079,516 


1S45... 


.. S6.17.i.298 . 


... 70,9(19,085 


1546... 


.. 36.936,413 . 


... 74,2.54,28.3 


1847... 


.. 49,844.308 . 


... 84.167,302 


1848... 


.. .53,351,157 . 


... 94,52.5,141 


1.S49... 


.. 45.963,100 . 


... 92,.567.369 


1850... 


.. 52,712,789 . 


...111,123,524 



1^18 17,872,261 .... 

1^19 13,.5,87,378 .... 

4820 13,103.244 .... ■ 

1821 18,162,917 .... 2.3,629.246 

1822 17.100,482 .... 8,5.44.5.628 

1823 19,0.'i8.990 .... 29,421,349 

1824 22,897,184 .... 36,113,72:? 

1825 85,259,261 .... 49,039,174 

1826 21,947.791 .... 88,116,630 

1S27 23,S:!4,1.3T .... .38,719,644 

1828 22v77,649 .... 41,927,792 

1829 20,119,011 .... .34,74:!,:J07 

ls:iO 19,097,938 .... 86,624,070 

Coaaliiiff, Lalv, and InUmul Trath'.—'No other State in lUo Union has such facilities for e.'rtenuil and internal 
commerce as Ihat enjoyed by the State of New York. Favorably located with regard to its seaward outlet, au.l its 
immense lalies and noble rivers, tlie first bounding it outwardly, and the latter penetrating to its very centre, it seems as 
if it had been designed by nature for the proud preeminence to which it has alt.iined. Thousands of vessels are conatanlly 
traversing its waters, carrying freight valued at millions of dollars, and furnishing to every part, facilities for the inter- 
change of commodities. It is also preeiuiiient in its grand worlis of internal improvement— its canals, railroads, jjlauk- 
roaiig, and turnpikes, while the magnetic telegraph extends in every direction, an instantaneous communicator of infornia- 
tinn between the several commercial centres. The canals of New York are features in its economy whieli distinguish it 
from other States— they extend from the waters of the Hudson to Lake Erie, a distance of 364mUes, and have Ijrauehes 
in every direction : to Lake Ch.amplain, to Lake Ontario, and several to the south, and others, more local in their utility, aro 
formed in various parts. The traffic on the Erie Canal is immense, and this forms the great highway between the 
■\Vestern Slates and the sea-board. The Delaware and Hudson Canal is chiefly used for the transportation of coal from 
reniisylvania. The railroads have a prcsen' length of nearly 2,.50il miles, and others are consUintly being opened ; and 
-with regard to plank-roads, which for many purposes are equal to the railroad, almost every trade centre is eounecled by 
them with the producing regioas. The turnpikes and the county and town roads are everywhere well kejit, and in 
excellent condition. (For the details of the canals and railroads, see ai'Pendix.) 

/,'««/.■.«.— On the 30th June, ISoO, there were iu the State, 192 banks and brauch banks, and their financial condition at 
tjiat date was as follows : 



EESOtntCES. 

Loans and discounts $91,193,645 

I^oans and discounts to Directors 4.799.227 

Ah sums due from brokers 2,487,909 

Keal estate 8,:i44,514 

lionds and mortgage 3,069,163 

. . . 12,627,494 
.... 11,6.5:V3:!9 
.... 9,181,481 
... 3.071,749 
. . . 10,651,906 
497,.501 



Stocks 

Specie 

Cash items 

Bills of solvent Banks on h.and 

Due from solvent Banks on demand . 
Due from solvent Banks on credit 



Total resources (mcluding the above) $15:3,095,287 



LIABILITTBS. 

Capital $47,779,727 

Proflls 8,113.004 

Notes in circulation not registered 615.76S 

Kegistered notes in circulation 23,698,573 

Due Treasurer of the State of New York 1,473,901 

Due depositors on demand 46,091,465 

Due individuals and Corporations other than 

Banks and depositors 621,865 

Due Banks on demand 22,180,.537 

Due Banks on credit 781,2.53 

Due to others 1,353,318 



Total liabilities (including the aliove) $15:3,095,287 



Gmernment, rfe.— The constitution of New York was ailojited iu convention October 9th, 1S40, and ratified by the 
people on tile 2d November following. 

Every adult white male citizen who shall have been such for ten days, a resident of the State for one year, of the 
county for four months, and of the district for 30 d.ays next preceding an election, may vote at all elections in his phice of 
residence ; but no man of color is eligible as an elector unless he shall have resided in the State for 3 years, be a freeholder 
t<i the value of $250 above all encumbrances for one year, and have paid taxes thereon. Persons convicted of itil:uuous 
crimes, and persons betting on the result of an election, .are by law deprived of the franchise. The general election is 
held on the Tuesday succeeding the first Monday in November annually. 

The I^gMaUire is composed of a Senate and House of Assembly; the Senate consists of 82 members elected from 
single districts, and the Assembly of 128 members apportioneil among the several coimties— senators are elected for two 
years, and assemblymen for one year. Every white male voter is eligible for election. Members of bolh houses are paid 
$3 a day during their session, and 10 cents for each mile of travel. No person holding oflice of profit under the State or 
Vuited Slates can sit as a member. The Legislature meets at Albany on the first Tuesday in .January annually. 

571 



NEW YORK. 



JEocecutive poicers arc vested in the governor, who holds office for two years. No person can be governor wlio hus not 
attained to the nire of 30 years, nor unless a citizen of the United States and resideut for the last five ycara of Ihe State. 
The governor lias the riglit to neto any act of the legislature, but a two-thirds vote subsequently legalizes the act. The 
neuti;nant-^<ivernor is elected in Uie same way as the governor, and is &e.-offi,cio president of the senate, in wliieli, h()W- 
ever, he has only a casting vote. On the demise or disability of Ihe governor, he, and after him the president of the 
senate pro Umpore, succeeds to the chair. The Secretary of State, comptroller, treasurer, attorney-general, etc., are 
elected for two years; the three canal comraissiouers and three inspectors of State prisons for three years, one of each, 
set of officers annually ; and county, town, city, and village officers, fur one year. 

The Judk-ianj of the State is composed of several courts provided for in the constitution : the court for the " trial of 
impeuchments" is composed of the President of the Senate (who is president of the couri), the members of the senate, 
and Ihe judges of the courts of appeals. It is a court of record, and when summoned, meets at Albany, and luis for its 
clerk and officers the clerk and officers of the senate ; if the governor be impeached, the chief judge of apjx'als, and 
not the lieutenant-governor, presides. Two-thirds of the members present must concur before a conviction can be had, 
and the judgment of the court extends only to removal and disqualification, the party adjudged being still liable to in- 
dictment. The court of appeals is composed of eight justices, of whom four are elected (one every second ycjir) by the 
people at large, and four seleded eaeli year from the justices of the Supreme Court having the shortest time to serve. The 
judge (of those elected) whose term first e.\pires, presides as chief judge, and any six of these judges constitute a quo 
rum. Four terms are held annually, and every two years there niust be one term in each judicial district. This court 
has power to correct and reverse the decisions of the supreme court or of the old supreme court and court of chancery 
The supreme court has general jurisdiction in law and equity and power to review judgnit'iits of oounty courts and old 
courls of common pleas. For the election of justices, the State is divided into eight districts, each of which elects four 
justices, to serve respectively eight years, one judge retiring every second year. The justice in each district whose term 
first expires, and who is not justice of the supreme court, is the presiding judge, and the clerks of the several counties 
serve as clerks. One general term must be held annually in every county having 40,000 inhabitants, and in all others ono 
term biennially ; and every county has at least two special terms and two circuit courts, except the county of New York, 
in which the circuit court has four sessions. Any three or more (including the presiding judge) hold the general terms, 
and any one or more the special terms, at which are heard all equity causes, and the circuit courts, which are held exclu- 
sively for the trial of issues of fact. The county or surrogate's courts have local jurisdiction only. Each county, except 
that of New York, elects one judge for four years, who acts also as surrogate ; but counties having 40,000 inhabitants elect 
a separate surrogate. The powers of the court extend to all cases when the debt or damages are not above $2,000; to 
actions fur personal injury or trespass, where the claim is not over $500, and to replevins, where the properly claimed is 
not above $1,0H0, etc. Surrogates' courts have the ordinary jurisdiction of courts of probate. 

The criminal jurisdiction of the State is vested in courts of oyer and terminer and courts of sessions. The court of 
oyer and terminer in each county, except that of New York, is composed of a justice of the supreme coiu-t, who presides, 
the county judge, and two justices of the pe.'ice chosen members. In New York county this court is composed of a 
justice of the supreme court and any two of the following officers : judges of common pleas of the county, and the mayor, 
rtH:order and aldermen of Ihe city. Courts of sessions are composed of the county judge and two justices of the peace, 
designated as members. AH these courts are held at the same time and at the same place as circuit courts. 

The civil coarts of the city and counly of New York are the superior court and the court of common pleas, the former 
of which has six justices, and the latter three justices. There is also the marine court, which has two judges. 

Federal Repre^entttUoti.'-la accordance with the law of 23d May, 1S50, New York sends tJurty-two representatives 
to the United States Congress. 

The miUtia force of the State, in accordance with the United States Army Eegister for 1S51, consisted of 2GG,'293 men 
of all arms, of which 7,6G2 were commis-^ioned officers, and 257.631 non-commissioned officers, musicians, artificers, and 
privates. Of the commissioned officers, 99 are general officers, 315 general stafi" officers, 1.543 field ofllcers, etc., and 5,705 
company officers. Every white male citizen, between IS nnd 45 years of age, is liable to military duty, unless exempt by 
law or having paid the commutation fine. The volunteer and uniformed militia of the Slate, auil especially of the city, is 
the best instructed body of soldiers in the Union. 

New York has numerous benevolent in.<ititutionSf many of which are partly supported from the public funds and partly 
from local sources. The principal of these are the Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, and the Institution for the Llind, 
both at New York City, the State Lunatic Asylums at Ulica, the New York Ci(y Hospital, etc ; and besides these, almost 
every city has numerous similar institutions, which will compare well with those of the oldest European States. The 
number of pupils in the Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, on the Slst December, 1S50, was 227 — 123 males and 99 
females; receipts $39,216 39, and expenditures $89,4S2 9S. The Institution for the Blind had 1S5 pupils; receipts 
$30,117 S5, and ex-penditure $2S,451 19. The State Lunatic Asylum had 449 inmates— 220 males and 223 females, 

Fwiincea. — ^The general fund and railroad debt, at the close of the fiscal year ending 801h September, 1S50, was 
$6,859,693 82; and the canal debt at the same period was $16,171,109 16— in the aggregate $22,530,802 48. on which 
accrues annually nearly $1,235,360 interest. There is also a contingent debt, consisting of State slock and conlrolkT's 
bonds of $933,036, npon which the State does not pay interest. This will make the total State debt, absolute and contin- 
gent, $23,463,833 64. 

The property of the State, in addition to the educational funds mentioned hereafter, consists of the works of internal 
fmprovement, which at their cost valuation (/. c, tlic amount expended upon them to date), arc worth $35,115,217 75. 
But the whole amount of tolls derived from them during the year was $3,254,051 71 — which gave, after dediu'ting 
expenses, the net income of $2,650,206 49, which Is G per cent, interest upon $44,170,10S, a sum which in reality repre- 
sents the value of the works. The average nH annual income for the last five years is $2,518,044 87, which is equal to a 
capital of $41,967,414 50, at C per cent, interest. The amount of <lebt incurred for their construction, and yet unpaid, is m 
Stateil above $16,171,109. The taxable property in New York in IJylS, w:ls $727,404,583, being $571,600,807 the assessed 
value of 27,912,076 acres of real estate, and $153,1S3.4.'96 of person.il estate. The State and county taxes amounted to 
$4,892,051, and the town taxes to $1,420,736 — total $6,312,7S7; making the rate of State, county, and town taxes, 8.6 mills 
on a $1 valuation. The highest rate was 25.7 mills ou $1 in Uamilton County, and the lowest 3.1 mills in Ont.ario and 
Putnam counties. 

The revenue of the Genera! Fund, on which are charged the ordinary expenses of govemmeat, for the year ending 30th 
September, 1850, was $881,^1 57, and the expenditures for the same period, $826,720 29— excess of revenue, $54,521 2S. 
572 ' 



NEW YORK. 



The chief souroes of iHwme were— auftiimdatios,$S5,9(i9 G[); g:iU duties, $44,304 03; fees of secretary's office, $2,110 71; 
peddlers' licenses. $1,700; foreij^n insurance companies. $S02 79; interest on arrears of county taxes, $4,273 19; surplus 
revenue of canals (annual appropriation), $200,un0; Slate tax, $272,422 25; sales of lands, $3,700 83; redemption of liuid 
Bold for taxes, $34,230 47; arrears of county taxes, $25,04S 4U; Columbia County, for enforcing law, $5.0(X» ; Ducliess 
County, for ditto^ $9:34 97; miscellaneous and temporary receipts, $31, s."ii.i G7 ; an<l the principal objects of expeniliture 
were: Executive expenses, $37,5o4 G5 ; jmUeiary, $l(io,911DS; K-gistnlure, $'.10.007 99; commissary's department, 
$U,4S7 (is ; commissioners of code, $2,450 ; commissioners on prai-lice und pleading, $2,800 2S ; State printino:, 
$92,528 53; deaf and dumb, $25,7S4 10; blind. $11.91S S5 ; agricultural societies, $0,107 : Ononda{;:n Salt Springs, $29,027; 
Stale prisons, $S2.37C 97 : Slate Library. $0,937 52 ; postage, $3,504 42 ; HospiUiI at New York, $22,500 ; House of Itefuge 
for Western New York, $1S,000 : foreign pni.r. $2ii,OLiO; orphan asylums, $5,500; New York Arsenal, $920 03; geolog- 
ical survey, $10,919 82 : Allfirney-general's Library, $1,499 49 ; miscellaneous and temitorary expenditures, $84,233 4S. 

The special funds held by the government in trust are the Bank Fund, the Free Bank Fund, and the School Fund : 

The Bank Fund is made up by annual contributions from the incorporated Safrty Fund banks, of one half of one per 
cent, on their respective capitals, and is by taw appropriated to the payment of the debts of sucli banks, liable to contrib- 
ute the same as may become insolvent. The fund has been exhausted, and there arc $721,330 11 of 6 per cent, stock now 
outstan<l!Dg to meet tlie wants of the fund— which stock, except $59,450 54 now in the treiusury or invested, is to be pro- 
vided for out of the future contributions by the banks to the fund. The whole circulation redeemed for insolvent banks 
is $1,503,740 04, and debts paid, $1.02S,0^4 43— total $2,5S0,425 07. The aggregate aun'unt of c<-inlribuiions up to 
January. 1^:00, when all tbo safety fund bank charters expire, will be $994,225 00. The notes of every insolvent bank 
have been redeemed. There are now (1850) 73 of these banks in operation, and one branch, the aggregate cajiital of 
which amounts to $27,604,800; circulation to which they are entitled, $22,161,870; and actual circulation, $20,609,178 50. 

The Free Bank Fund consists of bonds, and mortgages, and stocks deposited witli the Bank Commissioner, and 
moneys received on the same and held by him for tiie redem)>!ion of the circulating notes issued by banks and indivitiual 
bankers under the general banking law. The whole number of associations is .'n'Vf3itiM»u\ and of individual baidvS 
siHij-jii-e—m all 136, the aggregate cajiital of which [,\»i December, 1S50) was $14,203,115; and the mIioIc anit.unt of 
deposits $14,323,037 4G. 

Of \hGjinuJs devot&l to education^ the capital and revenue of each description for the year ending 30th September, 
1S50, was as follows: "Common School Fund,'' capital $2,290,073 23, an<l revenue $123,090 78 ; the *• Unil)-d States De- 
posit Funtl," capital $4,014,52(1 71, and revenue $255,32S 85 ; and Ihe " Literature Fund," capital $272,S8n 12, and revenue 
$37,948 12. Total — capital $0,578,074 00, and revenue $416,307 75. There has also been paid from the general fuml for 
the instruction of the deaf and dumb, $25,784 10, and to the Institution for the Blind, $11,913 So, making the whole sum 
paid during the year for education, $454,070 70. The Common School Fund also owns about 3(il.759 acres of land, and 
the Literature Fund, about 10,830 acres. Of the funds devoted to education, as above what is exclusively the Common 
School Fund, maybe stated as follows: Productive capital of the School Fund, $2,290,073 23; such an amount from the 
United States Deposit Fund as will produce $105,000 — the sum aimually appropriated therefrom for the support of com- 
mon schools, at six per cent, interest, $2,750.000— and sum reserved by the constitution to be added annually to the capital 
of Ihe School Fund, $25,000, making a total of $5.0(i5,073 33. The annual interest on this sum, at six per cent., is 
$303,340 39. The balance of the income of the United Stales Deposit Fund ($90,328 S5) is appropriated to the support 
of colleges, academies, the Normal School, Indian schools, teachers' institutes, etc. The income of Ihe Literature Fund 
must, by the constitution, be applied to the support of academies. The whole amount of public money received from all 
sources by the commissioners of cities and ttjwn superintendents, during the year ending Isl July, 1850, was $1,035,854 85, 
of which was apportioned to teachers' wages $730,793 12. and for libraries $91,363 90, leaving a balance apportioned for 
contingent expenses amounting to $213,692 S3. The amount paid on rate bills for teachers' wages besides public money, 
was $5fiS,724 56. Total cost of supporting common schools, $1,544,579 41. 

Education. — In the 878 towns and SI wards of cities of the State, there were on 1st July, lS50i S,394 common school 
districts, and 5.025 parts of tlistricts; and returns were received from 8.:i3i; whole, and 5,475 parts of districts. T lie average 
length of schools in all districts, 3 months. Volumes in district liliraries, 1,449,950, Children timght during the year, 
794,500, and the number of children between 5 and IG years of ago returned, 735.18S; of theso 200,128 pupils attended 
schools less than 2 months, 198,022 less than 4 months, 167.732 less than months, 100,100 less than S months, 59.315 less 
than 10 months, 1S,455 less than 12 months, and 9,079 12 months. In 52 schools fir cidored cliildren there were 4,971 
scholars, and for the sup])ort of these $11,480 44 was appropriated. There were besides, schools for tiie instruction of 
Indian children in the several reservations; in 1349. 641 Indian children between 5 and IG years of age, were reported, 
and about 500 attended school; about 2.50 attend the Normal School at Albany annually, and on the 1st January, ISM, 
there were 226 pupils in the institution— 77 males, and 149 females, The whole number of graduates was 494-270 males, 
and 218 females ; and during the year then ending 9 Indian youth — 6 males, and 3 females — were taught, to prepare them 
for teachers among their own people. Teachers' institutes are held annually in the counties, but the reports say that of 
late a diminishe<J interest in regard of them luis been observed. 

Most of the large centres of population have incorporated academies which are supervised by the Kegcnis of the 
University ; and there are a large number of unincorporated academies, seminaries, and private schools, self-supporting. 
About 75,000 children are annually taught at the private institutions. 

The collegiate establishments within the State are also numerous and highly efficient as institutions of learning. The 
principal of these, including academic, law, medical, theological, etc, with their statistics in 1S50, arc as follows : 

N.imes Foiindf'd. I.ornlinn. Profe.iiinra. Aluiiiiii. Sttulenta. I.li>rnry. 

Columbia {Kplsc.) College 17.M N. York City 7 1,450 Ill 17.(ioo vols. 

Union College 1795 Schcnect.ady 12 2.725 . 

Hamilton College 1S12 Clinton 9 458 , 

lladison {Bnpt.) University 1S19 Hamilton 9 20(» . 

Geneva {Ephc.) College 1^23 Geneva 5 131 . 

University of New York 1831 N. York City 11 320 . 

St. John's (/?. Cath.) College Is41 Fordham 10 43 . 

St. Paul's {Epi.sc.) College 1837 College Point 11 380 . 

University of Albany — Albany — — • 



2(W ... 


... J.V(ii> 


ISO . . . 


... lll,.ViO 


)37 ... 


. . . 7.1 1110 


43 . . . 


. . . .5,400 


ISO . . . 


. .. 4,0('0 


Co . . . 


... 12.001! 


23 ... 


. . . 2,'-00 



NEW YORK. 



Professors. Alumni, 



Library. 



vols. 



S53 . 

9S . 
697 . 

58 . 
336 . 
211 . 
5S0 . 
133 . 

m . 



. i»19 — 

.60 — 

.421 — 

.114 — 

. 64 10.000 

.106 IS.OOO 

. 30 6,000 

. 8i -i.noo 

, 5 1.250 

. 11 3,200 



Names. Founded. Locati^in. 

Law School— U>iiversity of Albany — Albany 3 

College of Physicians and Surgeons ISOT N. York City 6 

Medical Institute — Geneva Collage 1S35 Geneva 6 

Medical FacMy—Cniversit!/ of M Tort-liSi N. Torit City 6 

Albany Medical College 1S39 Albany 8 

Theological Institute, Prot. Episc. Church ISIT N. York City 5 

Union Theological Seminary 1S36 N. York City 5 

Theological Seminary of Auburn 1S21 Auburn 4 

Hamilton Literary and Thcolog. Institute 1620 Hamilton 4 

Hartwick Seminary 1816 Hartwick 2 

Theological Seminary, Asso. Pvcf. Church 1S36 Ncwburg 1 

There are numerous other local schools besides the above, as the ward schools of cities, various mechanics' schools, 
endowed schools, the Free Academy at New York and others, which are not included in the above returns, but which are 
nevertheless of essential utility in the field of education ; and with regard to hlerary, scieulilic, and artistic institutions, no 
other State in the Union is so amply provided with them. 

Public Lihraries.— Three State libr.-iries— 34,099 volumes; 21 social— 151,894 volumes; 8 college— 43,376 volumes; 
21 students' — 19,319 volumes ; 171 academic and professional — 143.4G5 volumes ; 4 scientific and historical — 25,253 volumes 
8,070 public school— 1,338,848 volumes. Total 8,298 libraries, and 1,756,2.54 volumes. 

Periodical Press. — ^The whole number of periodicals published in the State, on tlie 1st June, 1S50, was 458, and of these 
141 were whig, 110 democratic, and 207 neutral in politics, in the latter class being also included all literary, religious, 
scientific, etc., periodicals, and all the character of which had not been ascertained. Of the aggregate number, 54 were 
puMished daily, 1 four times a week, 13 tri-weekly, 13 semi-weekly, 313 weekly, 13 semi-monthly, 25 monthly, and 3 quar- 
terly; and the circulation at each issue of the dailies was 230,995, or 72,301,435 annually; of the one published 4 times a 
week 1,100, or 223,800 annually ; of the tri-weeklies 30,975, or 5,763,100 annually ; of the semi-weeklies 30,365, or 3.157,960 
annually; of the weeklies 694,414, or 36,109,523 annually; of tlie semi-monthlies 78,500, or 1,884,000 annually; of the 
monthlies 433,750, or 5,205,000 annually ; and of the quarterlies 6,150, or 24,000 annually ; total copies at each issue 
1,512,249, or 124,679,423 annually. In the city of Kew York the periodicals numbered, 14 dailies, 8 semi-weeklies, 58 weeklies, 

8 Sunday papers, 5 semi-monthlies, 39 monthlies, and 2 quarterlies. In Albany County there are 5 d. and 9 w. ; in 
Allegh.any, 3 w. ; in Broome, 1 d. and 3 w. ; in Cattaraugus, 5 w. ; in Caj-uga, 1 d., 5 w., and 1 m. ; in Clmutauque, 9 w. ; 
in Chemung, 9 w. ; in Chenango, 4 w. ; in Clinton, 3 w. and 1 m. ; in Columbia, 1 d., 6 w., and 1 s.-m. ; in Cortland, 5 w. ; 
in Delaware, 3 w. ; in Duchess, w. ; in Erie, 6 d., 1 four times a week, 4 L-w., 1 s.-w., 10 w., and 2 m. ; in Essex, S w 
and 1 m. ; in Franklin, 2 w. ; in Fulton, 2 w. ; in Genesee, 4 w. ; in Greene, 3 w. ; in Herkimer, 4 w. ; in Jefferson, 5 w. ; 
in Kings, 8 d. and 3 w. ; in Lewis, 8 w. ; in Livingston, 6 w. and 1 s.-m. ; in Madison, 5 w. and 1 s.-m. ; in Monroe, 3 d., 

9 t-w., 10 w., 2 s.-m., and 2 m. ; in Montgomery, 6 w. ; in Niagara, 1 d. and 4 w. ; in Oneida, 4 d., 13 w., 2 s.-m., and 

1 m. ; in Onondaga, 4 d., 1 s.-w., 12 w., 1 s.-m., and 3 m. ; in Ontario, 5 w. ; in Orange, 2 s,-w., 6 w., and 1 q. ; in Orleans, 
4 w. ; in Oswego, 2 d. and 6 w. ; in Otsego, 4 w. ; in Putnam, 1 w. ; in Queens, 5 w. ; in Eenssclaer, 3 d., 4 w., and 1 m. ; 
in P.ichraond, 1 w. ; in P.ockland, 2 w. ; in St. Lawrence, 7 w. ; in Saratoga, 8 w. ; in Schenectady, 2 w. ; in Schoharie, 

2 w. ; in Seneca, 4 w. ; in Steuben, 5 w. ; in Sufl'olk, 1 s.-w. and 6 w. ; in Sullivan, 3 w. ; in Tioga, 2 w. ; in Tompkins, 1 d. 
and 2 w. ; in Ulster, 5 w. ; in "Washington, 7 w. ; in Wayne, 7 w. ; in Westchester, 5 w. ; in Wyoming, 2 w. ; and ui Yatca, 

3 weeklies. 

Religious BenominatioM.—'nie statistics of the several religious denominations, in 1850, were as follows : 

Value of 

Property. 

$15,000 

126,000 

252,200 

2,050 

. 2,835,543 

36,000 

, 4,347,206 

—making a total or 4,084 churches, accommodating 1,396,229 persons, and valued as property at $21,182,707.' The State 
constitutes two dioceses of the Protestant Episcopal Church, viz., the diocese of New York, and the diocese of Western 
New York; and in the Roman Catholic Chnrch, it constitutes tho dioceses of Buffalo and Albany, and the arch-diocesa 
of New York, in the latter of which. East New Jersey is included. 

PauperUm and Crime.— The whole number of paupers that received assistance and support within the year ending 
Ist June, 1850, was 59,855, of whom 19,275 were native-born and 40,630 foreign-born; and the whole number receiving 
public charily at that date was 12,833, of whom 6,755 were native-born and 7,078 foreigners. Annual cost of support 
$317,336. In the above, the foreign paupers under charge of tho Commissioners of Emigr.ation are not accounted for, as 
fhcy are chargeable on a special fund raised by capitation tax on themselves. The number of convictions in courts of 
record in the year 1349, was tiiSI— l,4:i7 males, and 94 females: offenses against the person, 897— 885 males and 12 
females; offenses against property, with violence, 150—146 males and 4 females; offenses against property, without 
violence, 516—500 males and 45 females ; offeti,«es against the currency, 37 (all males) : and other offenses, 404—371 males 
83 females. The ratio of convictions of females to those of males is as 1 to 15.13. Upon convictions, 4 were sentenced 
to be hung, 545 to the State prison, 61 to House of P.efuge, 299 to the local prison, 32 to be lined and imprisoned, 665 to 
fine, and The sentences of 33 were suspended. The State prisons are at Sing Sing, Auburn, and Clinton. The whole 
number of convicts in these on the 31st December, 1S19, was 1,434 ; received during the year, 000, and discharged— by 
expiration of sentence, 362; by death by disease, SO; by accidental death, 3; by escape 9; by pardon, 45; by habeas 
corpus, 4; to House of P.efuge, 2; to Lunatic Asylum, 10; to other prisons, 17— in all, 472. Eemaining in prison Ist 
December, 1860, 1,611. Of the 600 admitted, 555 were first convictions, 56 second, 7 third, and 2 fourth convictions. 
The daily average of all these prisons was 1,.556. The whole number of punishments in all the m.ale prisons was 613 — 
in Auburn 1 in 21, in Sing Sing 1 in 35i, and in Clinton 1 in 2SJ. Average cost of each ration— at Sing Sing 8.6 cents, 
at Auburn 6.7 cents, and at CUnton S.3 cents. Of the 1,611 remaining in prison, 11 were committed for murder, 41 for 
574 





ClinrcU 


Value of 


Denomina- 


No. of 


ClmrcU 


tions. Cburclies 


accom. 


Property. 


tions. 


C Lurches 


. accoin. 


Baptist 776. 


334,274. 


$2,252,350 


Germ'n Eef 


1.. 


600.. 


Christian... 62. 


. 20,000. 


76,650 


Jewish 


9.. 


5,600. . 


Cougregafl. 214. 


. 102,430. 


779.304 


Lutheran... 


SO.. 


37,370.. 


Dutch Kef.. 2.32. 


131,025. 


8,M2,S50 


Mennonile. 


4.. 


1,000.. 


Episcopal.. 275. 


133,965. 


4,no,S24 


Methodist.. 


1,215.. 


478,145. . 


Free 15. 


4,600. 


2S,700 


Moravian.. 


3.. 


1,500. . 


Friends.... 132. 


49,314. 


S09,3S0 


Presbyter'n 


602. . 


369,314. . 



Denomina- No. of 


Cliurcli 


Value oC 


tions, Cliurdies, 


acforn. 


Property 


E. Catholic. 174. 


122,538. 


$1,569,375 


Swedenb'g .. 2.. 


450. 


1,400 


Tunker — .. 


— , 


— 


Union 74.. 


27.879. 


110,300 


Unitarian... 22.. 


10,226. 


292.075 


Universalist. 110.. 


52.470. 


327,100 


Minor Sects. 22.. 


8,600. 


W,900 



NEW YORK. 



maii3laagbter, G9 for assault with intent to kill, 44 for rape, 24 for assault to commit rape, 353 tor burglary, bST for grand 
larceny, 82 for robbery, 104 for petit larceny, and ;3t for counterfeiting and uttering, A common English education has 
been given to 4T2 of these convicts. The receipts from labor at the prisons amounted to $2in.GsO 8G: from Sing Sing 
$99,539 "D, from Auburn $79,573 11, and from Clinton $37,567 05; and the expenditures to $204,656 4S: at Sing Sing 
$95.S23 64, at Auburn $71,104 07, and at Clinton $37,693 97. 

I/istoHcal »S^/.Y?c7i.— Verrazano, a Florentine, in the service of France, is said to liavo discovered New York Bay in 
1524 ; but the history of the State commences with the arrival of Hudson, an Englishman in the Dutch service, in 1009, 
■who ascended the river, bearing his name, as far as the present site of All)any. The country thus discovered was in- 
liat)itcd I)y the ^lohawks, a fonnidable and wariike tribe, and the Manhattans, who inhabited the island on which New 
York city is built, were also a fierce and warlike nation. In 1(310, a ship was sent from Amsterdam to trade with these 
Indians, and other voyages were made during the succeeding years. In 1613, small trailing for Is were erected on the 
river, and several houses were built on Manhattan Island. On the a9th March, 1614. the States' General of the United 
Nethcriands passed an ordinance granting to all original discoverers of lands in North America the exclusive privilege of 
making four voyages to each, for the purposes of trade. Under this ordinance five ships were dispatched the same year 
by a company of merchants. They explored extensively the coast near New York. Blok, one of the commanders, dis- 
covered and named Block Island, souili of Khodo Island, and also the East Fuver, and Captain Mey, proceeding south- 
ward, discovered capes May and IIenl<^pcn ; and on the return of these ships, a Captain Uenriekson was left on the 
coast to prosecute discoveries. The country extending between the Connecticut and Delaware rivers received the name 
of New Netherlands, and the exclusive riglit to trade there for three years from that date (llth October, 1614), was granted 
to the discoverers, who, upon the passage of this grant, formed themselves into a company called the United New Nether- 
lands Company. This company erected the same year a fort and trading house on an island just below the present city 
of Albany, and garrisoned it with ten or twelve men. Another fort was erected on the southern point of Manhattan Island. 
The grant expiring in ISIS, the company petitioned for its renewal in vain. Private traders, however, continued to 
visit the country for the purposes of traffic. 

In June, 1621, was passed the charter of the Dutch "West India Company, an armed mercantile association. This 
company sent out a ship called the New Netherlands, on the 2Gth June, 1623, to their newly acquired possessions, under 
the direction of Mey, already noticed, and Tienpont. The former of these proceeded to the Delaware, and established a 
fort near the present town of Gloucester, which he named Fort Nassau, and the same year a fortified post, called Fort 
Orange, was erected on the site of Albany. In 1C24, Peter Minuit having been appointed director, arrived out with 
several families of Walloons, inhabitants of tbe frontiers of Belgium and France. These settled on a bay of Long Island, 
and called from them Wahlebocht, or bay of foreigners, a name since corrupted into Wallabout. The government was 
Tested in the Director and a Council of Five. The other importjmt officer of the colony was the Sehout Fiscal, who filled 
both the offices of sheriff and attorney-general. Under the superintendence of these authorities the trade of the colony 
prospered. In 1626, Staten Island was purchased of the Indians, and in the same year Manhattan Island was purchased 
for twenty-five dollars. The fort upon this latter island received the title of Fort Amsterdam, and the colony that of New 
Amsterdam. The exports this year amounted $19,0(10. In 1627, the settlers of Plymouth Colony set up a claim to the 
region watered by the Connecticut, which the Dutch denied. Up to 1829, the settlements were simply trading posts. On 
Hie 7th June, 1629, a measure was adopted which is still felt in the State, and under this extensive seignorics, with feudal 
rights, were granted to certain individuals. Active exertions were now made to colonize these vast estates. In 1632, 
Minuit was recalled, and the government of Woutcr Van Twiller installed, and after a lapse of five years of mal-adminis- 
tration, Twiller was succeeded by "William Kieft. During the administr.ation of Twiller, difficulties arose between the 
English settlers, on the Connecticut, and the Dutch authorities. In 163S, the restrictions which had hitherto been placed 
by the company upon trade were taken off and free traffic encouraged. This measure gave a new impulse (o immigr.i- 
tion. Persecution, too, drove many from New England and Virginia to settle among the more tolerant Dutch. In the 
meantime the aggressive disposition of the English continued. They founded a colony at New Haven, occupied the 
Tunxis (Farminglon) Valley, and even went so far as to plow and sow the company's land around Fort Gi>od Hope, at 
Hartford. Remonstrances were vain. Not satisfied with these encroachments, the Plymouth Company granted the whole 
of Long Island to the Earl of Sterling, and a settlement was soon afler effected by Lyon Gardiner, at Gardiner's Island. 
The Dutch, meanwhile, were active in establishing settlements at the western extremity of the island — in Breuckelen, at 
Gowmitins, and Gnirenzande. In May, 1640, emigrants from Lynn, Masmchti^etts^ settled on Cow Neck, but were 
driven off by the authorities. In the autumn of the same year, however, they returned, and founded the towns of South- 
ampl'in and ^onthoM. The Indians saw, with daily increasing envy and dislike, the heritage of their fathers thus falling 
from them. War was the consequence, which desolated the colony for five years. In 1645, Peter Stuyvesant became 
governor, and only terminated his administration by the capture of his colony by the English, on the 0th September, 1664. 

The name of the colony and city was now changed to that of New York, and Colonel Nichols was appointed by the 
Bukc of York, to whom the territory had been granted by the King, as governor. On the 12th June, 1666, the governor 
granted a charter to the city of New York. The colony was recaptured by the Dutch on tbe Tth August, 1673. The name 
of the city was now changed to New Orange, that of Albany to Williamstadt, and the fort previously called Fort James 
to William Hendrick. Captain Anthtmy Colve was appointed governor. The country, however, was not destined to bo 
Dutch, for by the treaty of 9th Febniary, 1674, it was restored to the English, and given up the following autumn. 

Some doubts existing relative to the validity of the Duke of York's patent, both on account of the Dutch occupancy and 
the fact that it was wrested from that nation in time of peace, he deemed it advisable to obtain a new patent from his 
brother, the king, in 1764. In the autumn of that year Major Edmond Andros, afterward so well known as the tyrant of 
New England, arrived in New York and assumed the office of Governor. In Februarj', 16S5, the duke ascended tho 
throne, under the title of James II., and among the first acts of this bigot were his instructions to allow no printing press 
to be established in the colony. But his reigu was short, having been put an end to by the Revolution of 16SS, and the 
proclamation of William and Mary as heritors of the throne. No important event occurred from this time fur many years. 
In 1741 occurred the negro plot, so famous in the annals of New York. In 1744 war was declared between England and 
France, and the colonists prepared to carry it on with vigor. In 1745 New England and New York united in an attack 
upon the French fortress at Louisburg, and New York furnished ton pieces of cannon and £8,000 toward the expedition. 
It was surrendered in July of that year. The colonies were so severely molested during the year 1746 by the Indians in 
pay of the French, that it was determined to attack Crown Point and Niagara, and to capture Quebec. For this purpose 
New York raised £40,000. Tiie enterprise proved imsuccessful, and the peace of Aix la Chapelle was concluded in 174S. 

575 



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For a few years alter this the colony prospered, and began to recover from ils losses by the wars. In 1754 a convention 
from all the colonies north of Mason and Dixon's Line met al Albany, to devise some plan of common defi-nse against the 
French, who had again commenced hostilities. At this convention. Dr. Franklin, afterward so eminent in the historj- of 
Ihe Eevolulion, proposed a plan of political union. In the spring of the following year an expedition was sent against 
Fort Du Quesne, bnL entirely failed, Braddock, the leader of the expedition, having been killed. J^or was the campaign 
of 1T56 more successful. In ITiJS William Pitt was placed al the head of the English government, and a new inipulst! was 
given to the energies of the nation. Success soon followed. Forls Frontenac and Du Quesne were captured. Stiniukted 
by these successes, New York, in 1759, raised $625,000 and a force of 2,6S0 men. Ticouderoga was capluretl early in the 
season, and Crown Point siirrendered a few days later. Fort Ni-igara was reduced, and on the 13ih September the brave 
General Wolfe laid down his life, in the moment of victory, when the English banners floated over the towers of Quebec 
The ensuing year the French made an unsuccessful efl'ort to recapture Quebec, and on the 8th September all the French 
possession^ east of tlie Mississippi were surrendered to the British, and the French power extinguished. Two small islands 
off the southern coast of Newfoundland alone were preserved to them of their former vast possessions. About this lime 
the difficulties between New Hampshire and New York commenced, respecting their respective limits, which only ceased 
■with the admission of Vermont into the Union after the Revolution. The imposition of the Stamp Act, in 1764, and the 
other atrocities of the British Government which followed it, and which led to the overthrow of the British power in the 
colonics, need not be enlarged upon in this connection, being a part of the general history of the Union. On the first 
Tuesday in Ocloher, 1765, a congress, composed of delegates from the New England and Middle States, assembled at New 
Y'ork, to take into consideration their grievances. South Carolina had also delegates. This congress made declaration 
of the privileges and rights of the colonies. Liberly-poles had, at this perioil, been frequently erected in New York city, 
and as often been destroyed by the British soldiery. On the 5th September, 1774, a congress from several colonies met at 
Philadelphia, in which, however, New York was not represented. In April, 1775, a provincial convention met at New 
Y'orli, and elected delegates to the second congress. The news of the battle of Lexington caused great excitement in the 
city, and the arms of the city were ordered to Boston, but seized by the authorities before their shipment. The war had 
now commenced. Ticouderoga, Crown Point, and Whitehall, in this Stale, were captured by the provincials, and the 
entire command of Lalie Champlain was obtained. On the 9th July, 1771, the provincial congress met at White Plains, 
and look the title of Kepresentatives of the Slate <if New Yorti. On the first day of their meeting they received the 
Declaration of Independence, and immediately passed a resolution .npproving iL The fortunes of the continental army 
from this time to the aclinowledgment by England of the will of the sovereign people were various, and in New York wero 
fought many of the famous battles of the period — lliose of Brooklyn lleighls, Ilarlcm Heights, Berais' Heights, Stony Point, 
Ticouderoga, Fort Schuyler, Stillwater, and Saratoga, at the last of which Burgoyne surrendered to the Americans. 

On the 12lh March, 1777, a conslitutinn for the State of New York was reported by a committee of the provincial con- 
gress, and on the 20th April ensuing wa.s adopted as the basis of the government. Under the new constitution George 
Clinton was elected Governor. At this lime there were fourteen counties in the State, viz., New York, Richmond, King's, 
Queen's, Sufiblk, Westchester, Duchess, Orange, Ulster, Albany, Tryon, Charlotte, Cumberland, and Gloucester. The 
last two, together with part of Albany and Charlotte counties, were within the limits of the present Stale of Vermont In 
1790 the difficulUes which for so long a time had existed between New York and Vermont were amicably adjusted, and 
New York, in its present limits, entered upon her career of greatness, untrammeled by fraternal animosities. In 1791 the 
industry of the State received a new impulse from the organization of a society for the promotion of agriculture, arts, and 
manufactiu-es. The next year companies were organized to improve the navigation of the Hudson and Mohawk Rivers, 
and open canals to Lake Champlain and Ontario. lu 1S07 Robert Fulton made his first trip with the Clermont, the first 
steamboat which ever plied successfully on the waters. In this enterprise he was aided by Robert R, Livingston, one of 
the most distinguished statesmen of the nation. The war of 1S12-15 soon followed. On the 24th of December, 1S14, the 
treaty of Ghent was signed, and peace again restored the land to its wonted prosperity. Of the events which have hap- 
pened since the war there are many living witnesses, and a brief notice only is required. The canal project was revived, 
and in 1S16 the subject was brought before the legislature, and in 1S17 the Erie and Champlain canals were commenced. 
The first was completed in 1S25, and the latter in 1S23. In 1S35 a law was passed, ordering the enlargement of the Erie 
Canal. Railroads had already been commenced in the State. Both have been since prosecuted with untiring energy, 
and these works have no doubt had a mighty influence on the prosperity of the country. In 1821, and also in 1S46, the 
fundamental laws were revised, and many important additions made to Ihem. As a State, New York stands at the 
head of the American Union. 

Albany, on the right bank of the Hudson, 145 miles above New York cily, is the political capital of the State. 



New York, city and port of entry, New York CO., JV. F. : 
Situated at the head of New York Bay, and at the conflu- 
ence of the Hudson r. and the strait called East r., which 
connects the bay with Long Island Sound. The city and 
county have the same limits, comprising the wliole of Man- 
hattan, or New York Island, which has an extreme length 
of HH ra., and an average width of 1 8-5 m. Its greatest 
breadth is on ihe line of Eighty-eighth Street, about 2i m. ; its 
area is about 14,000 acres. It is separated from the main land, 
in Westchester County, by Harlem r., a navigable water- 
course 8 m. long, connecting the Hudson and East rivers. 

The latitude of the Cily Hall (f m. from the Battery) is 
4(P 42' 40" N. ; its longitude is 74° 01' 09" W. from Green- 
wich, and 30 00' 22" E. from Washington. Its dist.incc by 
the most direct railroad from Albany is 145 m. ; from Boston, 
236 m ; fmm Philadelphia, 87 m. ; from Baltimore, 155 m. ; 
from Washington, 223 m. ; from Cleveland 503 m. ; from 
Cincinnati, 758 m. ; from Chicago, 856 m. ; and from Alton, 
via Chicago (St. Louis from Alton 20 m. by steamboat), 
IjllS miles. 
576 



New York has a greater population, commerce, and 
wealth than any olher city in the LT^niled States, and is sur- 
passed in importance by only two other cities in Europe, 
namely, London and Paris. For facility of examination 
and reference, its description and statistics will be given in 
the following order. 

Stir/uce.— The island was originally much diversified, and 
in its upper portion, where least populated, it still retains 
somewhat of ils original character. With the increase of 
population, improvements have been made according to an 
uniform system, in laying out avenues and streets, grading 
them, providing sewerage, etc. The ground rises from 
each river with gentle ascent, thus forming a central ridge 
throughout nearly the entire length of the island. A con- 
siderable portion of the lower part of the cily, particularly 
that near the rivers, is made ground. The Battery, a public 
park of 10 acres, al the S. extremity of the city, was built 
upon a low ledge of rocks, much beyond the original water 
line. 

Ibrmatt^yi.—The soil is a sandy alluvium, and less fertile 



NEW 



NEW 



than in many other parta of the State. Ita basis is princi- 
pally gneiss, bat the north part of the island is composed of 
granular and primitive lim'.*slono, whii^h ia much quarried. 
In many parts the limestone is at ttn* surface, and occupies 
large patches. On the W. t-'ulc of tlic city, not far from the 
Hudson r., between 5l)Ih and Goili streets, and in some other 
parts, a number <if streets are cut tlirough tliis limestone. 

£jt<'iit<'/ //<>u.'<e\ (/('.— In April, 1S^»;3. the city was com- 
pactly built from the Uaitery to 42d street, 4 mlks. Tlie 
density of population is least in the upper portions of the 
city, tiut is increasing with astonisiiing rapidity. A very 
great impulse has lately been given to this increase by the 
sale of large Iracis of gmund, lately held by the city, and by 
the ereclion of the Crystal Palace, ailjoining the Croton lies- 
ervoir, in Sixth Avenue, between 40th and 4'2d streets. 

Piiiii.—The general plan of the city ia regular. In the 
lower and business portion, the streets were laid out to suit 
the shape of the island, and tliougii Ihe plan is not uniform, 
its general divisions are regular, with wide streets, crossing 
at riglit angles. At Houston Street (1 mile from City Hall, 
and Hni. from the Battery) commences the uniform plan 
of avenues and streets. Above tliis point, the entire island 
is divided longitudinally by 14 parallel avenues, lOU feet 
wide, which are crossed at right angles by loG streets, nu- 
merically desiguated, running direct fnmt river to river, 
whieli are SO feet wide, except 16, which are 100 feet wide, 
of which 14th street is the first that extends entirely across 
the island. The principal street is Broadway, particularly 
that portion of it which occupies the ct'ntral ridge of the 
bland, exteniling from the Battery northwardly in a direct 
line nearly -2^ m. to Tenth Street, Grace CImrch. This 
splendid slreet, one of the finest in the world, has an uniform 
widlh of SO feet, is well paved, and contains many of the 
most splendid edifices of the city. 

Puhllc Parks. — The public griuinds of New Tork are not 
commensurate with its extent and wealth. However, be- 
cause of its peninsular situnlion, these are less necessary 
than in most large cities. Of late there has been some agi- 
tnticnof a project tojjrovidea great public park in Ihe upper 
part of the city, but as yet the city authorities have taken no 
definite action on the sulyect. The number of city parks is 
13, which have an aggregate area of ITO acres. Of these 
the following are the principal grounds: the Buttery, at the 
S. extremity of the city, <tf irregular form, containing 10^ 
acres, is in summer a delightful and much frequented resort, 
fanned by the breezes from the bay, and well shaded with 
large trees. The Tark, ft-onling on Broadway, in form 
nearly triangular, has lOJ acres, adorned by shade-trees 
and abeautilul fountain. It contains the City Hall, the Hall 
of Records, the new City Hall, and other public buildings— 
(of which see subsequent description.) Washington Square, 
21 m. from the Battery, lies W. of Broadway, containing 9J 
acres, neally laid out, and abounding with shade-trees, is a 
favorite promenade and resort fur military parade, as is 
also Tompkin's Square. lOj acres. IC. from Broadway. The 
other parks in tho upper portions of the city, are Union 
Place, containing 3J acres; Stuyvesant Square, SJ acres; 
Madison Square, 6J acres; Blooiningdale Square, IS acres; 
Hamilton Square, 24 acres; Observatory Place, S.'VJ .acres; 
Manhattan Square, 19 acres; and Mount Morris, 20 acres. 

Business Locaiiojifi. — The upper portion of the eity is 
principally composed of residences, while the lower, or 
Bouthem part, accommodates the great bulk of commerce 
and general trade. The jtrincipal business portion lies south 
of Fulton Street. "Wall Street is the foeus of the great 
monetary operations, and in this locality the principal spec- 
ulations in stocks, bonds, houae.f, lands, and other merchan- 
dise, arc carried on. It is occupied by bankers, brokers, 
insurance companies, etc., and contains also the Merchants' 
Exchange and Custom House. At ita head stiinds Trinity 
Church, the noblest ecclesiastical edifice in the land. South 
Slreet is occupied by the principal shipping-houses, and the 
offices of several of the priu'ipal packet hues. West Street 

A 4 



also has the same characteristics, but not to so great an 
extent. The dry grtr>ds, ji>bbing, and importing business, 
fornu^rly confined to Pearl Street, has extended to William, 
Broa«l, Pine. Cedar, Liberty, etc. On Water and Front 
streets, and vicinity, are the wholesale grocers, commission 
merchants, and mechanics, connected with the shipping 
business. Broadway is not less an avenue of business than 
the pronien.ade of beauty and tashion. lis lower pari is 
now almost all taken up by splendid stores and warehouses. 
It contains tlie chief book-stores, jewelry, upholstery, hat 
.and cap, tailoring, millinery, retail dry goods, and other 
like eslablishmeiils. In Cetlar Street, just ofT Broadway, is 
the famous Map and Geographical Emporium of 



No. 
86. 



J. H. COLTON, 



No. 
I 88. 



the largest and most varied in the Union. Grand Slreet and 
Catherine are devoted to heavy dry goods and variety stores. 
Ferry, Jacob, Gold, and neighboring streets, constimie the 
great leather district. The hardware trade is chiefly in Piatt, 
John, and Pearl streets. In Nassau are extensive news- 
paper establishments, book-binderies, ainl publishing con- 
cerns, and in William Street are a great variety of hosiery 
and fancy goods stores. Maiden Lane and (;"ortland Street, 
and Broadway, near the junetion of these, ia the location of 
the principal wholesale jewelers. 

^^''harves. — The water edges of the city are fringed with 
seven miles of wharves and docks. On each side tliere are 
about (io piers, averaging 200 to 300 feet in lenglli, and from 
50 to Co feet wide. The shipping lies along tiiese as safely 
as in a tide-water dock. Foreign shipi)ing lies mostly at 
the wharves of the East PJver, as beluga more secure posi- 
tion than on the other side. Usually these docks are 
crowded with vessels of all nations, and on an average 
2,000 coasting vessels are in harbor at a time. Some load- 
ing, some unloading, and others waiting their turn for 
berths. Wi(h all these vast accommodations for .^hipping, 
however, there is scanty room for so large a commerce as 
centres at this port ; and to furnish the additional fafdities 
whicli the increasing commerce of the city deinandcrl. the 
Legislature, in 1S40, chartered the Atlantic Dctck Company 
with a cajiital of ^l.OOO.OOO. Their doeks at Brooklyn are 
spaci<ius. and <Ieep enough to float the laraest vessel ever 
built. The British steamers dock at Jersey City. 

Ph'ers and Ilttrhor. — The widlh of the North River is 
one mile to Jersey City, at the ferry, and one mile and a 
half to Hoboken. The width of the East PJver is from one 
third to half a mile. At Ihe South Ferry it is 1, 3(H) yards, at 
Fulton Ferry 7:^1 yards, and at Catherine Ferry T3(J yards. 
The Bay of New Yr)rk is from H to 5J^ miles broad^ 
avernge 3 miles. S miles long and about 25 mites in per- 
iphery, forming a bastn of capacity sufficient to receive tho 
navies of the world. The Bay of New York Cfmrnunicatcs 
with Newark Bay, through the Kills, in Ihe we?.t, between 
Stnten Island and Bergen Neck, and with anoilu-r bay .'at 
the south, called the outer or lower harbor, throuixh the 
Narrows a compressed strait between Slatcn an<! Long 
isl.-mds. This latter bay opens iliredlj into the oijean. 
The inner harbor, as well as being one of the bcsl. is also 
one of the most beautiful in the world. Besides all the 
natural beauty of the scene, there can hardly be a finer 
si>ec1aelelhan is presented in the great city spread before it, 
with its piers crowded with a dense forest of masts, bearing 
the flags of all nations the shipping .at anchor, and Ihe count- 
less steamboats and vessels coming ami ginng p riieUiaUy. 

The ilepth of Wnior and Tide^.—I'hi.: curreiils in ihe ri\ era 
an<I bay are very strong, keeping these waters open often 
when the rivers and bays much farther south are frozen U|). 
The whole harbor was covered with a solid nuTss of ice in 
nso, and again in ls20. Very rarely sinee has eiili. r river 
been frozem In the month of January. Is.Vi, Ih.- Fast liiver 
was obBfructed fur a ^hori period, but the North Piver re- 
mained open. Tliuusan<ls eri>sscd over the ice from Brooklyn 

577 



NEW 



NEW 



to New York. The rise of the tide is nearly 7 feet. Going 
northwyrd the rise increases, and in the Bay of Fundy is 90 
feet, the maximum of the coast. Southwardly It decreases, 
and in the Gulf of Mexico is but IS inches. The time of tlie 
tide at other places on the coast^ or on waters connecting 
witli the ocean, varies from that of New York as fuljows— 
earlier: Halifax, N. S.,2 h. 15 m.; New Bedford, 1 h. 40 m. ; 
Providence, h. 41 m. ; Sandy Ilnok, 2 h. 45 m. ; Norfolk, 
h. 41 m.; and liiehmonil, 2 h. 25 ni. ; and later: Eastport, 
2 h. 9 m. ; Portland, 1 h. 39 m. ; Boston, 2 h. 19 m. ; Holmes' 
Hole, 1 h. 4 m. ; Phihidelphia, 5 h. 19 ra. ; IJaltimore, 
5 h. OT ra. ; Charleston, 10 h. 19 m. ; Mobile Point, 1 h. 54 m. ; 
Albany, 6 h. 34 m, ; Quebec, S h. 49 m. The depth of 
water at the wharves is 6 or 7 feet, and increases rapidly 
eutward. It is sufficient in either rivt-r to float the largest 
ships. At the old channi^-I, on the bar at Samly Hook, the 
depth is 21 feet at low tide, and 27 at high tide. That of 
the New, or Gedney's Channel, is at low water 32 feet The 
channel inside varies from 35 to 60 feeL 

Di'/enses. — The harbor is well defended. The principal 
■works are at the Narrows, which, at the point selected, is 
but one-tliird of a mile wide. Here are buill, on the Long 
Island side, forts Hamilton and Lafayette, the latter on a reef 
of rocks 200 yards from the shore, with three tiers of guns. 
On the Staten Island side are Forts Tompkins and Ilieh- 

PRODUCTIVE E3TA11L13U1IENTS OP NEW YORK CITT. 



mond, the former on the heights, and provided with a num- 
ber of subterranean passages. These forts are in cxccllunt 
condition. The entrance from the S(»und to the L:isl liivt-r 
is defended by Fort Schuyler, on Throg'a Neek. 'Wilhia 
the harbor are batteries on Bedloe's and JCllis' islands, on 
the west side of the bay, and on Governor's Islanil, 3,200 
feet from the city, are Fort Columbus, in the form of a sUir. 
commanding the south side of the channel ; on the south- 
west point. Castle William, a round tower 600 feet in circuit 
and 60 feet high, with three tiers of guns, and Soulli Battery, on 
the south-west side, commaiuling the entrance through But- 
termilk Channel. In case of war, too, the whole surround- 
ing heights could be readily fortitied, and Caslle Garden, 
and the Battery esplanade would furnish reatly-niade sites 
fur an extensive armament. No port in the world, in<lee<l, 
is better defended by permanent fortifioatimis, or could be 
more easily placed in a condition of defense. 

Manufactures. — Although New York employs the greater 
portion of its capital in foreign commerce and domestic 
trade, it is also distinguished as the greatest matmlacluring 
city in the United States, having a greater capital therein 
invested, more hands employed, and deriving a greater 
profit therefrom, than any other city. The general returns 
of the census are exhibited in the following table : 



No. of pro'Iiictive 
Wards. or m.Tnul'.icturmg Capital inveateJ. 

estiiliiishiiienta, 

1 137 $1.013,500.. 

2 S51 lL>,Gr2.il'J5. . 

3 9 007,000.. 



HarJs<!..[.l..je.l. 



F<-ni;tIe. Tolnl. 
.. 6,057 9,707. 

.. 16,056 85,704. 



8.6'-'0. 
19,64.3. 



10 . 

11 . 

12 . 

13 . 

14 . 

15 . 

16 . 
IT . 
IS . 
19 . 



633.... 

199 l,68Si.S00 1,9,V2.... 

, 83 1,327,563 1,7S3.... 

156 9,125,SS0 2,963.... 

, 422 3,49-3,275 4,093.... 

2.38 861,390 2,230.... 

1S9 798,300 2,095.... 

96 809.700 809.... 

149 2,051.860 4,197.... 

19 341,650 850.... 

173 299.110 998.... 

72 965,700 1,029.... 

93 1,045,550 1,036.... 

129 8,280,380 2,2ii7.... 

14!) 892,400 1,216.... 

199 1,227,780 2,266.... 

44 3.34.600 508.... 



660. 



Anniinl product, or 
v;iliie f>r jirlicle. 
miiniirii-tiireil. 

»S.906.38T 

81,310,643 

1,801.700 



2,S95 4.SS,i.211 

4,473.214 



27 

943 

383 2,146 

1,073 4,040 3.823,191 

1,849 6,947 9,641,039 

655 2,785 4,080,434 

859 2,454 2,S3:S,130 



226. 
23T. 
70. 
283. 
681. 
140. 
656. 
119. 
853. 
102. 



1,0.35 1,673.432 

4,4.34 20,056,409 

420 630,500 

1,281 2,07.3,423 

1,560 1,.'>46.62T 

1,176 1,876,818 

2,763 4.308,175 

1,335 2,579,312 

3,613 2,920,760 

670 1,293,860 



Total 8,387 If 34,232,823 

By these statistics it appears that the operatives in the 
manufactories, etc., form nearly one-sixth of the whole pop- 
ulation of the city ; that the proportion of the annual pro- 
ducts to the capital invested, is 307 per cent. ; and that the 
average value of the product of cacli operative is $1,2.58. 
The manufacturing interests have had as rai>iJ increase as 
those of commerce. In 1340, the total capital in nianut'ac- 
tures was $11,233,804 ; and ia 1850, as stated above, it 
amounted to $34,2.33,S33. 

The l)ranche9 of manufacturing industry which are here 
most extensively prosecuted are these directly developed by 
the great commerce of the city. Pre-eminent among these 
the the great iron foundries and machine-shops, of wliich 
the largest arc the Novelty Works, Morgan Works, Allaire 
Works, and the Fultfm and West Street foundries. The 
two former employ each about 900 men. These and other 
establishments are engaged in easting and molding the 
largest class of steamship engines, their bed plates, and 
other iron works, locomotives, mills, presses, gearing, 
boilers, etc. There are 10 sugar rctincries, all of wliich 
are very large establishments, superior to any others in 
the Tlnited States, and having a greater annual product 
The value of cabinet furniture annually made is above 
$1,000,000. There are numerous breweries and distilleries, 



....53,703.... 29,917 83,620 $105,213,303 

which employ a large capital. The following summary 
statement of the number of establishments which in ISoO 
prosecuted the principal branches of manufacturing indus- 
try, is compiled from the ** Business Directory" for that 
year: Boat-building. 27; boiler manuf., 16: brass and bell 
founders, 89 ; breweries, 42 ; bakeries, 475 ; black and 
wliitcsmithing, 185; britannia-ware manuf., 13; block and 
pumpmaking, 33 : bookbinders, 55 ; boot and shoemaking, 
1,377; brushes, etc., 40 ; building of houses, etc., 136; cab- 
inetmaking, 255 ; carpentering, 260 ; chairinaking, 34 ; 
cloekmaking, 39 ; clothing, 28S ; coaches and carriages, 
53 ; confectionery. 265 ; cord.age, etc., 6 ; dressmaking, 440 ; 
edge tools, 11 ; goldbealing, 21 ; gold pen manuf., 20; 
guns, etc., 20 ; ink manuf., 11; iron foundries, 3S ; lock 
manuf., 24 ; machinery, 79 ; millinery, 256 ; morocco manuf., 
28; musical instruments, 41; nails, 15; organs, 5; patent 
medicines. 54 ; perfumery, 26 ; piano-fortes, 55 ; saddles and 
harness, 90 ; sails, 51 ; sash and blind manuf., 61 ; segars, 
119; ships, 19; silver manuf., 39; silver plating, 27; soap 
and candle, 43; steam-engine manuf., 77; steel manuf., 10; 
tailoring, 561 ; trunk factories, 63 ; type foimdries, 9 ; varnish 
manuf., 14 ; white le.ad manuf., 9. 

Conwwrce. — Commercial interests originated the settle- 
ment of Uow York, developc<i its rapid growth, have always 



NEW 



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directly influenced its changes of fortune, and are now the 
main support of its greatness. "With the fluctuation of the 
course of events, with regard to general coiunitTce, there 
has always been a corresponding change iu the ratio of the 
increase of its population, and of its general prosperity. Its 
first period of great prosperity, subsequent tii the llevulution, 
was from 1790 to 1800 ; during which decade its population 
increased at a ratio of 82.16 per cent — viz., from 33,131 
(1790), to 60,489 (ISOO). During this period the old world, 
involved in wars, was making constant demand upon the 
industry of the new; and the produce of the interior and of 
the neighboring States was pressing to the Atlantic, whence 
the shipping of New York carried it abroad, returning 
again with goods for distribution, both in its own and the 
neighboring markets. The business of the city conse- 
quently wonderfully increased, and its attendant advantages 
drew thither capital and also men to participate in the pro- 
fits arising from the large investment then made. During 
the next decade (ISOO to 1810) there was a falling off of the 
ratio of increase of population and wealth, and business 
enterprise was greatly depressed. Though the population 
increased in this period at a ratio of S9i- per cent, [from 
60,489 (ISOO), to 96,373 (1310),] the increase in wealth was 
but S per cent.— viz., from $24,486,370 to $26,436,370. In 
the succeeding ten years, the war of 1S12 with Great Britain 
entirely destroyed the foreign commerce of the city for 3 
years; after which, from 1815 to 1820, it again revived and 
greatJy advanced in wealth. The increase of its wealth 
during the entire decade (ISlO-Sli) was 163 per cent, (from 
$26,436,370 to $69,530,753). While the increase in popula- 
tion was only 28^ per cent, (96,373 to 123,706), wliieli ratio is 
less tlian that of any other decade, and exhibits with exlr.i- 
ordinary clearness the dependence of New York oily upon 
commerce, since during this same period the increase of the 
population of the State was more rapid than ever. 

In 1S20 commerce again revived, and steadily increased 
until 1825, in which year it reached a climax that was not 
again attained until 1S31. In 1826 the completion of the 
Erie Canal opened a new source of prosperity to com- 
merce, and which assisted in the formation of the great 
speculations which soon characterized the financial career 
of the city. The revulsion whieh followed this vmnatural 
expansion, and for a time prostrated all branches of busi- 
ness, most seriously alTeeted the commercial interests of the 
city. Since its recovery from that reversion of fortune, its 
commercial prosperity has for the most part been steadily 
on the increase, though, of course, somewhat affected by 
the changes in the tariffs of the national government, and 
the changing relations of the nations with which it has in- 
tercourse. 

The following table shows the amount of imports and ex- 
ports of the port of New York, and the amount of duties 
collected on the importation in each year, from 1&21 to 1851, 
Inclusive : 



Foi 



Inijidrts frni 



Years. 

1821 $36,020,012 . 

1822 33,913,453 . 

1823 30,601,455 . 

1824 87,785.147 . 

1825 50,024,973 . 

1826 34,728,664 . 

1827 41,441,832 . 

1828 39,117,016 . 

1829 34.972,493 . 

1830 38,656,064 . 

13S1 57.291,727 . 

1832 00,995,924 . 

1833 56,527,976 , 

18*4 72,224,390 . 

lS;i5 S9,304,10S . 

1S36 118,886,194 . 

183T 68,374,558 . 



Amount nf Juliea 


E.tpfirt. to 


on iiniiortH, 


For\;n rmint's. 


. $7,2«,542 . . 


.. $12,124,045 


. 9.941,7(12 .. 


. . 15,405,094 


. 9.(122,4-35 . . 


.. 21,0,89.090 


. 11,178,1.39 .. 


.. 22,309,362 


. 15,762.100 . . 


.. 84,0.32,279 


. 11.525.8(12 . . 


.. 19,437.229 


. 13,217,095 . . 


.. 24,614.035 


. 13,745,147 .. 


.. 22,1.3.5,4S7 


. 13,0,")2,(57C . . 


. . 17,609,600 


. 15.012,5.13.. 


. . 17,666,(;-i4 


. 20.096.130 . . 


.. 20,142.719 


. 15,070,124 .. 


.. 22.792.599 


. 13,039,181 .. 


.. 24,723.903 


. 10.183,152 . . 


.. 22.190,061 


. 14.468,110 . . 


. . 29.035.755 


. 17.114.3(15.. 


. . 27.4.'i5,223 


. 9,457,593 . . 


.. 2:!,.534,010 



Tear,. ^ Impon, (ror, 

1S3S 77,214,729.. 

1839 97.078.6^7 .. 



1S40. . 
1841.. 
IS42.. 
1843.. 
1.844.. 
1845.. 
1S40.. 
1847.. 
1848.. 
1S49.. 
18.50.. 
18.51.. 



60,845,924 . . . 

75.268.015 ... 

52,41 5,.5.55 ... 

60,(136.667 ... 

75.749-220 . . . 

08,932,207 . . . 

71,093,819 . . . 

95.288,697 ... 

89,315,969 ... 

86.611,902 ... 
103,250,.508 . . . , 
1.30,683,030 . . . . 



1852 117,739,467 . 



Amount of dutiea 
on imports. 

. 10,494,065 . . 

. 13,970,332 ... 

. 7,1)37,441 .. 

. 10,993,899 . . 

. 10,013,122.. 

. 11,3011,407 . . 

. 21,4.^,830 . . , 

. 17,607,853 . . . 

. 10,807,275 , . , 

17,342,462 . . . 

20,839,681 . . . 

19,811,834 ... 

24,487,010 ... 

31,757,199 ... 

28,078,910 . . . 



Exports to 
For'gnrounl'9. 

. 22,182,243 

. 30,662,223 

. 30,180,470 

. 80,731,619 

. 23,1190,199 

. 23,440,326 

. 34.(538,470 

. 34,800,348 

. 34,190,184 

. 45,637.954 

. 36,.331,441 

. 86,720,224 

. 88,66I,.517 

. 63,595,376 

. 44,187,329 



Of the whole value of the imports into New York, very 
nearly one-half consists of dry ^ooiis. The following table 
exhibits the value of the importations of dry poods, of dif- 
ferent kinds, compared with the whole importation of for- 
eign merchandise in the last four fiscal years: 

M.innfaclures. ieiS,((, lR49-^0. 1P,W 51. IS.'-I-fiS. 

Woolen .... $9,199,.57S. $14,687,060. $17,067,0.31. $14,38,8,505 

Cotton 10,783,807. 10,0C0,,';57. 11,071,500. 9,982,547 

Silk 14,.301.316. 16,679,227. 24,858,850. 22,319,951 

Flax 4,245,513. 7,084,608. 8,058,731. 6,346,299 

Miscellan'us. 4,144,525. 2,320,828. 3,957,035. 4,183,740 

Tot- im.d.g. $41,674,739. $51,.3S2.035. $04,013,747. $57,221,063 

" mer. 68,932,207.103,250,603.130,083,030.117,739,457 

Pro. d. g. w. i.. 60.5 p. et. . .49.7 p. ct. . .49,6 p. et. . .48.0 p. ct 

The following table gives a statement of the duties t^ol- 
ler(ed at the port of New York, compared with the total 
eolleciions of the United States, hi various years between 
1789 and the present: 

U.S. 



3.443.071 

6,558,401 

9,080,938 
12 930,487 

8,683,309 
86,306,875 
15,005,612 

The revenue collected at New York compared with that 
of the o(her princip.nl ports of the United Slates in the year 
ending June 30, 1^51, was as follows: 

New York $81,7.'>7,199 | New Orleans $2,290,036 

Boston 6,577,540 Baltimore 1 ,047,278 

Philadelphia. . . . 3,607,838 ' Charleston, S. C. . 000,712 

According to the Business Directory of the city for 1850, 
the number of importers of ditferent arliclcs was as follows: 
of dry goods, 139 ; fancy goods, 100 ; hardware, 107 ; watches, 
01: wines and liquors, 108; silks, 21; laces, SO; woolens, 
II : drugs, 34 : essential oils, 15 ; china-ware, 40 ; plate gUiss, 
1 1 ; hides, 12 ; hosiery, 7 ; buttons, 7 ; baskets, 5 ; burr blocks, 
8; general importers, 28, etc. 

The imports and exports of specie and bullion are not 
ineludetl in the above table, but the following will exhibit 
their amounts for the last sLx years: 

Years. Imports. Exports. 

1S47.. $8,307,,3S0. $9 ,5,841 

1548.. 1,173.406. 12.028.793 

1S49.. 2,813,380. 4,739,903 



Years. 


New Yorli 


17,89.. 


$145,320. 


1792.. 


1.2M.908. 


1795.. 


2,717,861. 


1800.. 


3,611,6,83. 


1S05.. 


6,9.58,1108 


isin.. 


5,223.090. 


1810.. 


10.785,3.54. 


1S20.. 


5,487,974. 



Tears. 


New York. 


u. .s. 


1825. 


$1.5.752,100. $20,098,714 


1880. 


l,5,012,5r)3. 


21.922,391 


1835. 


14.468,110, 


19,391,311 


1840. 


7,.537.441. 


13,499,502 


1845. 


17.667,868. 


27,528,113 


1850. 


34.487,610. 


39,008.686 


1.851. 


31,7.57.199. 


49,017,597 


1853. 


28,678,910. 


47,820,316 



Years. Import*. Exports, 

lS,50..$10..5(i2.115. $5,88,5,108 

1851,. 10.39n.,50I. 26,622,731 

1852.. 2,.52S,391. 87,273,708 



For the calendar year 1851, the import of gold and 
bullion from California, was .^43.671,432. and the export of 
gold and silver to all countries, was $43,723,209. 



NEW 



NEW 



Tonnage of Kew York City. — The following statement 
from the annual reports of the secretary of the treasury, 
exhibits the registered, the enrolled and licensed, and the 
total tonnage belonging to the district of New York from 
the year 1S26 to the present lime. The year ends with 
December 31, up to 1S35, thence with September 30, to 1S43, 
and from that time it ends with June 3U: 



year.. 

1526 . . 

1527 . . 
1S23 . . 
1S29 . . 
1S.S0 . . 

1531 . . 

1532 . . 
1833 . . 
1SS4.. 

1835 .. 

1836 . . 

1837 . . 

1533 .. 
1S39 . . 
1840 .. 
\!Hl .. 

1542 . . 
IS*! .. 
1844.. 
1845.. 
1846.. 
1847.. 

1543 .. 
1849 .. 
1850.. 
1S51 . . 



n. 

Toi 
. 153. 
. 165, 
. 158. 

, no, 

, 101 

, 13 

. 129. 

. 161, 

. 178, 

, 191 

. 192. 

. 191, 
169, 

, 183, 
203, 

, 225, 
226, 
237, 
253, 
243. 
260. 
297,: 
8.36, 
378,1 
441, 
504, 



'^istereil. 
I,. 'J.MIis. 

,451 38 
,014 87 
237 70 
,993 21 
,947 04 
,457 92 
,307 62 
,915 83 
,022 40 
,626 43 
:.9M 79 
,322 11 
,922 32 
^M 55 
,636 63 
,174 86 
,072 61 
,240 29 
SS3 28 
,917 00 
896 36 
,516 04 . 
,804 40 . 
,976 69 . 
,386 76 . 
,309 27 . 



Eiirolleil ami Licensed. 
T<,11!. »tln. 



Tntal. 



. 157,8.37 53 
. 131,341 90 
. 181,167 09 
. 150,711 12 
. 154.710 93 
. 163,930 62 
. 169.524 93 
. 171,313 63 
. 131.199 79 
. 135,071 29 
. 211.349 30 
, 219,549 64 . 
. 231,049 47 
. 246,734 83 
. 211,231 36 
. 212,840 02 
. 2.33,401 02 
, 259,725 27 , 
, 271,273 75 
, 301,643 48 , 
, 311,626 34 . 

843.527 26 . 

896,272 9J . 

417,504 85 . 

394,230 80 . 

4.36,384 47 . 



e.Ui-. 

. 816,289 01 

. 846,356 83 

. 8.39,404 79 

. 261,704 33 

. 256,558 02 

. 286,4;3S 69 

. 298,333 69 

. 828.733 86 

. 359,222 24 

. 376,097 72 

. 404,314 14 

410,371 76 

. 41)0,971 79 

, 430.300 83 

. 414.818 04 

. 433,014 88 

, 459.473 63 

, 496 965 66 

625,163 03 

650,359 43 

672.522 70 

646,04:5 .30 

733.077 35 

796,491 79 

835,807 61 

981,193 74 



Within this period of 26 years, it will be seen that the 
tonnage of this district has nearly trebled in amount. 

Comparison of liie tonnage of New York with that of 
Boston, and of the United Slates at dilferent periods: 



Ti,r 



ir York. 
. H31IIS. 



BnstOi. 



ToriJ 



ir>llia. 



1826 816.259 01 171.976 12 

1830 250,553 02 135,000 17 

1885 •A'i<Sm~i 72 226,041 74 

1S40 414,813 04 2211.243 74 

1845 550.859 48 226,103 21 

1850 8:33,867 61 318,193 00 

1851 981 ,193 74 343,9-36 09 



The tonnage of several other of the lead: 
1851, as follows : 

Ton-. 9-,ll.B 

New Orleans... . . 231,900 14 

Philadelphia 232,428 90 

Baltimore 160.511 04 

New Bedford. . .. 131,409 40 
Balh,J/s 103,795 91 



United Stntea. 


tuna y,,ll,p. 


1,.>34,1S9 88 


1,191,776 43 


1,834,940 40 


2,180,764 16 


2,417,002 06 


3.535.4&4 23 


8,773,449 43 


ading ports was, in 



Tnns. folliB, 

Waldoboro', Me. 108.593 61 
Portland " 97,571 70 
Bamslable,^/;^!. 72,997 44 
San Francisco . .. 53,003 64 
Charleston, 5. C. 31,910 27 



Employment of Tonnage. — The following table presents 
the proportions of the tonnage employed in coasting trade, 
in steam navigation, and in the whaling business since 
1829. 

The table of the coasting trade embraces only the "en- 
rolled and licensed tonnage," and docs not include the 
tonnage "licensed under 20 Ions," of which a subsequent 
statement is given, for the years ending June 30th, 1349, and 
June 8:ith. 1350. 

The table of steam navigation includes both " registered" 
and "enrolled and licensed" tonnage. A separate compar- 
ative statement of these classes for the years ending June 
80th, 1849, and June 8i:th, 1S50, is also given subsequently 
under " utrjim marine." 
5S0 



Coast TraJe. 
Ton*. 95tli«. 



Wl-alios. 
Tons, t^tbs 



. . . 2,436 57 



Years. 

1329 17:5,130 S4 1,043 64 

1330 142,329 33 12,103 30 

1S31 146,788 33 12.756 50 

18:32 166,049 45 13,483 52 

1333 101,415 19 l:i,113 91 

1.3.'34 163.477 80 14,673 94 

13:33 172.663 84 16.908 28 

1836 202,677 65 19,681 57 934 03 

18:37 210,846 88 24,113 53 714 81 

13.3S 221,00189 25,419 86 863 91 

13:39 2:37.024 72. 80 0.54 41 2,460 49 

1840 201.559 67 34,754 86 — 

1841 203,053 19 31,727 21 1.76188 

1842 228.456 87 35.260 81 1.451 iT 

1813 249.677 27 35,317 63 ;370 23 

1844 261,1:34 75 .36,;in5 SO 473 27 

1845 291,209 66 42,270 01 370 23 

1,346 8!;9.894 23 46,557 93 879 57 

1847 3:37,663 54...... 62,420 83 — 

1848 3^5,020 49 64,229 19 — 

1849 406.156 48 71.813 73 — 

1860 8-2.S86 71 95,115 50 465 00 

1851 426.747 19 121.641 62 — 

The following table exhibits the tonnage "licensed under 
20 tons," for the two fiscal years specified : 

~. ,, , Ye:ir enil 

Tonnage lirenseil June: 0.1 

under ill tons. T..n,. O,"..... 

Coasting tr.ide 11,199 90 

Codflshery 143 43 

Of enrolled and licensed tonnage, none was employed 
during these two years in the mackerel fishery. 

St^'im Tonnage. — The following taldc exhibits the amount 
and classification of the steam tonnage for the two fiscal 
years specified ; 

steam tonnage. 



S«. 



Year ending 
J>ine30. IKiO. 
Tons. 9.V.liS. 


11,237 90 


116 14 



Ye.ir 



Y»*nr ending 
JmipUtJ, tf4 '. 'June '^O. lS--.a 

Tons. !t5[li5. T.17H. vtatlii. 

Eepstered 10.642 76 3S.I4S 47 

Eurolltd and licensed . 61.175 92 5S,967 09 

Total 71,818 73 95,115 56 

This table exhibits a part of tlie j^reat incrense of rfgiatered 
slcam lonnaiie. which, bef^iiiiiinj in 1S47, has since been 
steadily increasinii:, and now pre-eminently chnracterizes 
New Vork. Further statistics of Ihe steam tonnarje will be 
found under the heads of "vessels buill" and "ocean steam- 
ships." The total sti-am marine of New York is nearly equal 
to that iif the empire of Great Britain with all its drj)enden- 
ciis. whirh in 1S51 was staled at 1.184 boats of 14'2,''S0 tons. 
AccurditiG: to tlie U. S. Treasury llepnrt on the U. S. steam 
insirine in 1851 — tlie numbiT of passengers carried on the 
Hudson river in the year endinsr July l.lSol, was 995.100, 
between New York and rhiladelphia by steamboats 840,000, 
and on Long Island Sound ^02,397. 

The steam tonnaije of New York compares a^ follows 
Willi ihat of several other cities — of the several coasts, ia 
land divisions, etc.— and of the United States in 1S51: 

T..n.. , Ton.. 

New Orleans 156.C54 j Baltimore 14,235 

New York 121,541 I Northern frontier.... 00,165 

Pittsburg 47.911 I Ohio basin G7.601 

St. Louis 29 563 Mississippi valley . . . 67.95T 

Detroit 21.944 ] Athmtic coast 154,270 

Phihulelphia 20,717 GulfofMuxico 23.244 

IJuffalo 19,9.S3 Pacific coast S7,9S6 

Total U. S. steam marine 5S3,G0T 

Arrivals and Dcpcniufr'.'i.— Annexed is a tabular slato- 
ment of the amount of torinnfre entered anil cleared the porl 
of New York, from :iih1 for fureign ports, in each ye.irfrom 
1S21 to 1S51, a period of 31 yc.-ii-.s. disthiguishinir the Ameri- 
can from the total tonnage. The years end witli Sci)ti;mbcr 
to 1S43, thcnc*; with June. 



NEW 



NEW 



Amount iif tonnage entered the port of Nuw Ynrlc from, 
nnil ilic amount clfared the port of New York for torcign 
ports ; 

EXTERED. 



1521 . . 

1522 . 

1523 . . 
lS-24 .. 
1825 . . 
1S-2G . . 
1S27 . . 
1S2S . . 
1S29 . . 
1830 . . 
IS'U . . 
1S32 . . 

isas . . 

lS.i-1 - . 
1S» .. 
ls:J6 . . 
1S;S7 . . 
1S3S . . 
is;i9 . . 
1S4<).. 
1^1 .. 
1S43 . . 
1S43 . . 
1&44.. 
1S45 . . 
1*115 .. 

1847 .. 

1848 .. 

1849 . . 

1850 .. 
ISol .. 



To.js. 

2U3,0S3 

....2114,3118 

,...2015,080 

,...259,634..., 
,...24(5,174.... 
. ..2,'>5.276.... 
...23G,8liS.... 

,,,2.55,091 

,..280,918 

...2r4,2:!7,,., 
,,,295,293,,,, 
, ,.320,ilS;S,,,. 
,,,353,225.,,, 
,..873,465.... 
...4'j7,ij95.... 
....3(58,011.... 
...377,6(53,,,, 
...422,349.,,, 
.,,409,458,... 
,,,423,952.,,. 

...400,023 

...247.950.... 

...4.34,090 

...439.676.... 
...i!l3,995.... 

.,,54:!,(l6o 

..,639,3*5 

,.,711,730,, 
...734.431.. 
...956,879.... 



171.963. 
220.790. 
226,789. 
353,709, 



CLEARED. 



,143,741 154,473 

,1.58,970 180,333 



,.190,189., 
.,218,480,, 



230,179 24.5,612 



217,302 
233,931 
263,431 
232,400 
266,.'>6:j 



274,997 213.2:J4, 

292,872 223,224, 

27,5,077 207,1 24 248,207 

281,513 200,708 226,201 

814,715 209.599 243.285 

337,009 2.34.409 294.235 

401.713 221,087 310,120 

430.918 239,415 341,527 



,, 444,904,, 

.. 464,464.. 

.. 556.730.. 

.. 639,373,, 

,. 468,890,. 

.. 565,:335,, 

., 637,694,. 

.. 649,045.. 

.. 655.315.. 

.. 813,214.. 

.. 676.480.. 

.. 579.218.. 

.. 665,877,. 

.. 863.663.. 

.. 932,493.. 

..1,117,800,, 

..1,145,331,. 
,1,448,768., 

The en'rances and cleamnces at New York, at diffiTeiit 
periods, compare as follows with those of the United states 
(or the same years : 



,,2.3.5.768 

..2S9,.5.53 

..271,746 

,,248,786 

,,263,8.87 

,,a31,.590 

,.275,.393 

..296,843 

..300,738 

,,221,733 

.,371,968 

..341,094 

..396,493, .,. 

,.495,.509 

,,491,219 

.,669,711 

..596,812 



325.376 
309,690 
404,957 
405,959 
85(5,654 
464,:»47 
392,.597 
407,335 
4ol.889 
236.481 
49^.254 
4335l'5 
5.53.716 
785,745 
7SS,.335 
931,509 
932,473 



,79.3.229 1,230,082 



ENTRANCES. 



CI-EARANCFi!. 



New York. 
Venr«. Tiin^. 

1,831 171.90:3. 

1835 280,179. 

1836 274.997. 

1830 814,715. 

18,35 4(W,4(54, 

18-10 637,594. 

1.845 592,218. 

13.50 1.1453.31. 

1351 1,448,7I5S, 



UniteJ ?titea. New York, 



.l,.57o,024.... 164.472 SSS.030 

. 973.631..,. 203,431 1,055,446 

,1.047.300 .... 232.466 1 ,062.429 

.1,099.027 243.285 1.106.196 

.1.99o,9G3. . . . 809.590 2.031,:U1 

. 2 .239,309 , . . . 392 597 2 35.3.495 

. 2.940,049 , . . . 483 625 .... .2,984,252 
.4 .343.639 .... 982,473 .... .4,861,002 

.4.993.440. . . .1,330,082 6,130,(164 

Diirinjr Ihe year ending 31st December, 1851, the nalion- 

nlity and character of vessels arriving at New York was as 

follows: 



Natioi'iilit.v- Nc 

American 2,331 

British 966 

French 30 

liremen 1-83 

Swedish 43 

Austrian 9 

Norwegian 54 

Sicilian 7 

Hamburg 44 



Danish 

Ilns.«ian 12 

Dutch 28 

Belgian 13 

Pru?,»*tan 29 

Columbian 2 

Neapolitan 4 

Portuguese 14 



P"ati<inalily. Nn 

Italian 27 



Spanish 

Krazilian 

Oldenburg 

Sardinian 

Venezuelan 

Urriguay 

Lubec 

Mechlenburg 

Ilanoveran 

Uostock 

Genoese 

P'Tuvian 

Central America, 
(Guatamalan) . 



(If these 941 were ships, 883 barks, 1,303 brigs, 58S 
schooners, 1G6 steamships, 3 ketcliea, 1 sloop, and 4 galliots. 

Vt'-ssef'S Suit tin t/ie I^ibirict of Xetc York. — Table show- 
ing the number of vessels of all kinds built in the district of 
New York, with their measurement, from 13:?4 to 1851, com- 
piled from the Treasury reporls, Ihe years ending with De- 
cember 81, to 1834, thence with September 30, to 1843, 
thence with June 30 : 



Years. Ships. Bnf;a. 



Total 3.5SS 



1834.. 
ls;i5.. 
1836.. 
1337.. 
l.S;3S.. 
1839.. 
1840.. 
1841.. 
1842.. 
134!.. 
1844.. 
IS45.. 
1846.. 
1847.. 
1848. . 
1849.. 
1850.. 
1851.. 



20.. 
16.. 
14., 
10.. 

7.. 
10.. 

6.. 
13.. 

6.. 

5.. 
11.. 
18.. 
11.. 
16.. 
26.. 
15.. 
26.. 
23.. 



13.. 
6.. 
3.. 



Sell 're. 
. .36... 
. 33... 
. 23... 
. 25... 
. 23 . . . 
. 17... 
. 17... 
. 8... 
. 12... 
. 8... 
. 16... 
. 25... 
. 37... 
. 43... 
. 69... 
. 44... 
. 42... 
56... 



89.. 

51.. 

47.. 

62.. 

55 . . 

44.. 

24.. 

21.. 
132 . . 
1"2.. 

89.. 
180.. 
160.. 
117.. 
2110.. 
145.. 
104.. 

81.. 



Sleaml.'l 
... 5.. 
... 7.. 
... 16.. 
. ,. 16.. 
... 7.. 
... 16.. 
... 8.. 
. .. 5.. 
... VS.. 

.5 . . 

... 14.. 
,.. 17.. 
... 23.. 
... 15.. 
... 19.. 
... 17.. 
. .. 23.. 
... 47.. 



113. 
109. 
103.. 
118. 
105. 

94. 

63. 

63. 
171. 
122. 
130. 
193., 
234. 
193. 
807. 



Tons. 
2-3,188 
17.308 
10,689 
20,30,3 
14,229 
16,633 
13,.357 
10,121 
18,835 
13,179 
18,026 
26,631 
29,465 
37,691 
57,977 
37,9.33 
65,525 
71,214 



"Which compare in different years with the ship-buildiog 
of the whole United States, as follows : 



I'rnportin 



Yeara. 
18:34.. 
1S:36.. 
1841.. 
1845 . 
1^51.. 



Vessel, 
. 113. 
. 102. 
. 52. 
. 192. 
. 208. 



2.3,133, 
16,639, 
10,121. 
20,021. 
71,214. 



1,183, 

507, 

873, 

1,0:33, 

1,.367. 



161,036. 
40,2:38. 
118,-309. 
146.013. 
298,303. 



Vessel,. 

9.6.. 
20.1 . . 

5.9.. 
18.5.. 
15.3.. 



143 
36.1 
13.6 
18.9 
23.8 



The following exliibits a comparison of ship-building in 
New York, in 1851, with that of the other leading sliil>- 
building States and districts ; 



States, 


Vessels 


Tols. 


Pi-striet. 


Vessels 


Tons. 








Bath 


. 40. 


18,732 


Maine 


. 254. 


. 77,398- 


Waldoboro.. 


. 44. 


17,794 








Portland 


. 27. 


12,.309 


Massachusetts 


. 183. 


. 41,324. 


.Boston 


. 60. 


2.8.141 


New York . . . 


229. 


76,805. 


.New York , . 


. 208. 


71.214 


Pennsvlv.ania. 


. 200. 


28.623, 


.Philadelphia 


. 118. 


20.066 


Maryland 


130. 


18,027. 


.Baltimore ... 


. 72. 


15,094 



Commercial Jiesume.—Snmmury view of the pmportion 
of New York, in the whole imports, exports, custom-reve- 
nue, and tonnage of Ihe United States at different periods : 



Years. 


Imports 


Exports 


P.lfies 


Tonnage 


per cent. 


per teat. 


per (eat. 


per cent. 




14.14.... 









1792.... 


.... 9.71.... 


35.83... 


_ 


1795 ... 


— 


....15.:34.... 


....48.88... 


— 


18110.... 


_ 


1485.... 


....39.77... 


— 


1805.... 


— 


....2-3.12.... 


....53.73... 


— 


1810 ... 




....28.12.... 
...,15.90.... 
10.90 


....611.86... 
....29.70... 
....30.57... 
....36..57.,.. 





1816 







1820.... 







1821 .... 


....67.,55.... 


16.89.... 


_ 


1825.... 


....51.93.... 


....44.80.... 


.,,,73.37,,.. 


....20.02 


ISliO.... 


....54.54.... 


....2-3.93 


....68.43.... 


....21..53 


15a>.... 


....69.."iS.... 


....23.86 


....7461.... 


...MM 


1,840.... 


.....^3.05.... 


....22.85.... 


.....55.84.... 


....19.02 


1845.... 


.58.78.... 


....39.83.... 


....64.18.... 


. . . .22.77 


^3.50.... 


.....57.90.... 


....25.44 


....61.73.... 


. . . .23.61 


18.51 







....64.78.... 


....24.6S 



NEW 



NEW 



Ko.ut 
Vessels 


Total 
Toimage. 


No. of 
Linea. Vessels. 1 


Total 
onnsge. 


... 5.. 

2.. 


. 15,01)0 
, 4.400 


Richmond 3... 

Mobile, etc 1... 


9t)2 
1.900 


... 2. 

...4. 

2.. 


. 3,400 
. 6,200 
. 2,000 


Savannah 3... 

Norfolk 2... 

New Orleans, etc. 3... 


8,950 
2,100 
4,S00 



OceO/Jt StsamfiMps. — New York is distinguished for ita 
great lines of ocean steamships, which have :dl been brought 
into existence since 1S46. These vessels have all been built 
at New York shipyards, and received their machinery from 
New York foundries. The total number of steamships 
built at this port, and launched previous to 1853 is 59 ; of 
wliieh Iho number launched in 1S49, was 3; in 1S50, 14; in 
ls51, 11 ; in ls5-2, 11. The prt-sent number (1S53) of sleam- 
Bhip companies is 10, having 76 steamers, with total tonn.ige 
of 129.010 tons. Of these, the following table will exhibit 
the different lines, the number of their vessels, with their 
aggregate tonnage, etc. : 

Lines. 

Liverpool 

Havre 

Bremen . . , 
Charleston 
New Orleans 2. 

OaUfornia Zi?ii?«.— Aspinwall, C. A., 10 vessels, 19,600 
tons, which connecis with Tacific Mail Co., consisting iji 14 
steamers, 15,536 tons. The New York and San Francisco 
Steamship Co. consists of 4 steamers (2 on each side), 
aggregate tonnage 7,400. The Empire City Line for San 
Francisco consists of 3 steamships, with aggregate tonnage 
of 6,000. Vanderbilt's line, ^■«t Nicaragua, consists of 10 
vessels, with aggregate tonnage of 13,000 tons. 

The British lioyal Mail Line (Cunard) have 11 steamers, 
16,000 tons. The Glasgow Line has 1 steamer, 2,000 tons ; 
and a second in construction. 

Domestic Trade. — The amount of tra<le carried on by 
New York with the coast cities and the interior of the 
United States, vaslly surpasses in niagnilude that of its 
foreign commerce. Of this internal trade full accounts are 
not made. 

An approximate statement of particular divisions of this 
trade is exhibited by the following statistics. 

The statistics of total tonnage arriving at Albany by way 
of the Erie Canal, which follows, exhibit approximately the 
receipts of New York, since by far the greater part of them 
are directly sent to New York, and whatever proportion is 
not sent is fully compensated by the trade furnished from 
the towns and counties on the Hudson River: 

Total tonnage arriving at tide-water 1S36-1S52 by the 
Erie Canal : 



From Wt-^tern States. From N. Y. State. 



Total Tons. 



Tear. 

1S36 54,219 3(U,906 419,124 

1837 56,255 331,251 SS7.50G 

1833 83,233 356,016 419,249 

1S39 121,671 264,586 386,267 

1840 158,143 309,167 467,315 



1S41 
1842 
1S43 
1844 
1845 

1846 506,530 

1847 812.840, 



22-L176.... 

221.477 25S.072, 

256.376 375,969 

308.025 491,891 

804,551 655.039 

600.662 

....618,412 



308,314 532,520 

480.149 

635.345 

799,816 

959,590 

1,107,270 

1,431,252 

1.184,837 



134S 660.154 534.183... 

1^9 768,659 49S.06S 1,266,724 

1.S50 773.85S 598,001 1 ,371,859 

1851 966,993 541,634 1,503.377 

1853 1,151,978 492,731 1,644.699 

Of the above total amount, the whole quantity of wheat 
and flour which came to the Hudson River, fn>m 1S44 to 
1852 inclusive,with the aggregate market value of the same : 



rear. 


Ton... 


Valuf. 


Year. 


Tons. 


Valup. 


1544. 


.277,86.5. 


.$ii.3ii,en 


1S49. 


.4.34.444. 


.$19,808,595 


1S45. 


.320.463. 


. 15.962,250 


1S50. 


.401,781. 


. 20,218,183 


1846. 


.419,306.. 


. 18,836.413 


1S6I. 


.4.57,024. 


. 16.437,653 


1847. 


..501,205. 


. 33.590,938 


1S52. 


.576,772. 


. 22,564,256 


lais. 


.481,041.. 
D32 


. 21,145,421 









The following is a statement of several of the leading 
articles arriving csaslwiee, in 1351 : 

Articlea. Amnunt, Articles. Airoonl. 

Cotton, bales. 456,637 Rice, trcs 42,433 

Coffee, bags 62,:«1 Salt, bushels. 10,180 

Figs, drums 77,350 Sugar, hhds 21,443 

Hemp, bales 19,476 " trcs 53 

Hides, No 203,623 " bbls 36,263 

Lead, pigs 176,538 " boxes 3,599 

Molasses, hhds 12,650 " bags 13,733 

" trcs 1,247 Tobacco, hhds. U,S27 

« bbls 39,797 " bales, etc. . . 423 

Raisins, boxes 82,041 Wool, bales 10,692 

" casks 1,035 

The aggregate of the trade carried on by means of the 
various railroads which centre at New York is most im- 
mense. Of these railroads the principal one is the Erie 
Railroad, which bears a relation to the entire southern 
portion of New York, and northern of Pennsylvania, etc., 
very similar to that sustained by the Erie Canal to the 
northern part of New York Slate. On all the railroads 
diverging from this city toward Philadelphia, Boston, and 
Albany, the traffic is also immense, and ever increasing. 
The following are the several principal lines from this city : 

Miles. 



Mile-". I 

Camden and Amboy.. ,. 90 

Central (.N.J.) 73 

Morris and Esses 44 

Union S3 

New Jersey, etc 87 

New York and Erie .... 469 



Hudson River 150 

Harlem 153 

New York and New 

Haven 76 

Housatonic 110 

Long Island 90 



By means of these railroads, New York is directly con- 
nected with every section of the country; and the various 
lines with which these are interwoven form a great net- 
work of several thoa^and miles of iron highway. 

Of the total internal trade furnished from the city, dry 
goods form probably the greatest portion ; but that of man- 
ufactures is well-nigh as extensive. Book-publishing is a 
principal business, and from the mercantile arrangements 
of the trade, by semi-annual trade sales, commission pub- 
lishers, etc., has become a great feature of the internal tratlc 
of the city, and a branch it has acquired at the expense of 
other cities. 

Of the general character of the internal trade of Ne\7 
York, it may summarily be said, that ii surpasses that of .ill 
other cities in the Union, and differs from that of the entire 
nation only in degree. 

Bayiks. — There are 40 banks, with an aggregate capital 
of $:)5,834,950, In 1S30, the bank capital of New York was 
$15.280,000 ; in 1536, $20,361,200. The following statement 
exhibits the capital and rate of dividends of the banks of 
the city in each year, from 1345 : 



Years. 

1845. 
1846. 
1547. 



Cnpital. 

.$23,084,100 
. 23,084,100 
. 23.034,100 



1843... 23,034100 



Hi*, 
per cent. 

....6.21 
....7.09 
....7.25 
...,8.09 



Years. Cnpital. 

1849... $24,457,390 
1S50... 27,440,270 
1551... 23,057.450 ....8.93 
1852... 35,334,950 .... — 



per cent. 

...8.2S 
...8.69 



Ins7trancs Companies. — ^There are 37 fire and marine 
insurance companies, with an aggregate capital of $6,654,010 j 
and 6 life insurance and trust companies, with an aggregate 
capital of $5,060,000. 

Puhlic Buikliiigs. — The City Hall, standing near the 
centre of the Park, is a handsome edifice, built chiefly of 
white marble, and is 216 feet long, 105 feet wide, and 51 
feet high. It is two stories high above the basement, with 
a third story in the centre, from which rises a cupola of very 
beautiful proportions, surmounted by a colossal figure of 
Justice; erected 1803-12, at a cost of $533,731. It contains 
28 rooms and public offices for the accommodation 'tf the 
mayor, common council, etc., of which thn Governor's Room 



NEW 



NEW 



is the priricipiil one, and conUiins many iiirg'^ porlrails of 
gr^at natioTiiil ctuiractLTs. Olher rooms conluiri valuable 
paintings, etc. The New City Hall is a largo brick buiUling 
in the rear of this edifice, which is occupied by (lie conrts, 
public offices, etc. East of the City Hall is the Hall of Re- 
cords, where arc preserved all the rocorils and pultlic docu- 
ments uf the city. The Custom House is one of the most 
perfect buildings of its size in the world. Its site is at the 
corner of Wall and Nassau streets, and was formerly occu- 
pied by the Old City Hall, iii which Washington was inau- 
gurated first president of the United States, and the American 
Congress lield their sessions in New York. It is built in 
imitation of the Parthenon, at Athens, in the Doric tirdcr, 
of white marlile, and is 200 feet luno;, 90 feet wide, and SO 
feet high. Kach of the north and south fronts has a portico 
of S Doric columns, 5 feet S inclies in diameter and 32 feet 
Iwgh. The entire exterior, including the roof, is conslructeil 
of while marble, excepting the 9tei)S, which are of granite. 
In tlio construction of the interior, marble, granite, and 
Lriek alone were used, thus rendering it perfectly fire-proof. 
Some of the largest blocks of marble used weigh 33 tons. 
It was commenced in May, 1S34, and finished in May, IS-ll. 
Its cost, ground included, was $1,195,000— building alone, 
$950,000. The interior is divided into a grand rotunda and 
numerous spacious offices. The rotunda is a magniticciit 
room, GO feet in diameter and SO feet in the recesses; its 
dome is sui)ported by 16 columns 30 feet high, which are 
beautifully wrought, and have capitals of the most exquisite 
workmanship. The number of officers employed in the 
Cuslom House is about 350. The Merchants' Exchange, in 
"Wall Street, is the most magnificent edifice in New York. 
It covers the entire block bounded by Wall Street, William 
Street, Hanover Street, and Exchange Place. Its front upon 
Wall Street is 19S feet, its height 7T feet— to the bip of the 
do[ue V14 feet. It is constructed in the most svibstanlial 
form, and perfectly lire-proof, of Quincy granite, and cost, 
including the ground, $1,800,000. The front on Wall Street 
has a recessed portico, with IS massive columns, 38 feet 
bigh and -i feet 4 indies m diameter, each formed from a 
solid block of^^tone, and weighing 4:5 tons, which cost $3,000 
each, and are among the largest in the world. The build- 
ing belongs to the '•Merchants' Exchange Company," in- 
corporated in 1S"J3, with a capital of $1,000,000. It contains 
a grand central rotunda and numerous spacious offices used 
by bankc-Ts, insurance companies, etc. The rotunda is a 
most magnificent room, 80 feet in diameter, with 4 recesses, 
and 51 feet high, and is surmounted by a dome which as- 
cends 30 feet higher, terminating in a sky-light 37 feet in 
diameter. The dome is supported in part by 8 columns of 
Italian marble, 41 feet high, in the Corinthian order, and 
splendidly pi.lisbed. In this spacious hall, at exchange 
hours, the chief merchanLs of the city daily assemble. The 
Board of Brokers also meet here daily, and the Chamber of 
Commerce here holds its monthly sessions. 

Tlie Halls of Justice occupy an entire block between Cen- 
tre, Elm, Leonard, and Franklin streets, having their prin- 
cipal front upon Centre Street. The building is constructed 
of granite, in tho most massive manner, in Egyptian archi- 
tecture, and ia 253 feet long and 200 feet wide. Its front has 
a recessed portico, supported by 14 massive granite columns. 
The edifice is occui»ied by the Court of Sessions, police 
courts, officers' rooms, prison cells, etc. The gloomy aspect 
of the building has won for it the general name of '' The 
Tombs." 

The City Penitentiary, with the buildings of the Limalic 
Asylum, Almshouse, Workhouse, etc., are situated on lilack- 
well's Inland, about 5 miles from the City Hall. These 
are very large stone buildings, and, thougli of simple archi- 
tecture, present a very imposing appearance. They are seen 
to fine advantage frnm steamboats in passing lhroui;h the 
East lliver. The penitentiary has an entire length of nearly 
500 feet, and consists of a central building 4 stories high, sur- 
mounted by a square tower and two wings, each 4 stories 



high and 200 feet long. The almshouse is 3 stories in height, 
325 feet in length, and 55 feet wide, with two large wings at 
each end. The lunatic asylum consists of a central edifice, 
with four wings. 

The new State Arsenal, situated on Fifth Avenue, between 
Sixty-second and Sixty-fourth streets (,4i miles from the City 
Hall), a large and commodious edifice, containing arms and 
nuinitions belonging to the State, was erected in 1S4S, cost- 
ing $30,000. Il is built in the Gothic castellated style, pre- 
senling a massive and appropriate appearance ; its dimen- 
sions are 200 feet in front, by 50 feet deep, exclusive of the 
lowers, of which there are S — i in front, and 1 at each angle 
-69 feet high. The first stitry is of brown stone, the remain- 
der of brick, and the roof is of iron. It contains great mmi- 
bers of cannon, small arms, etc., and some interesting 
trophies taken from the English during the Kevolution and 
the last war. 

The Post Office, formerly the Middle Dutch Church, iu 
Nassau Street, between Liberty and Cedar streets, is note- 
worthy for its history. It was erected before the lievolu- 
tion, and much of its interior woodwork and steeple was 
bnuigtit from Holland. During the Revolutionary War, this 
church, in common with others used by the lirilish, was 
nmcli injured from its occupation as a prison, hospital, etc. 
In KOO, it was repaired, and again used for public worship, 
in which service it continued until rented by the U. S. Gov- 
ernment for the general post office of the city. 

The descriptions of the large and conmiodions edifices 
used by the benevolent institutions of the city, also those 
of etiucation, etc., will be found under their appropriate 
heads. 

The Crystal Palace, for the exhibition of the industry of all 
nations, built in ls53, for the purposes of a World's Fair, is 
situated on Sixth Avenue, between Fortieth and Forty-sec- 
ond streets, on Reservoir Square, adjoining the Dislribuling 
Ke3er\oir of the Croton Aqueduct, 3^ nnles from the City 
Hall. The Association which has erected this magnificent 
structure, was incorporated for the purpose by the Legisla- 
ture, March 11, ls52, having previously received the lease 
of the square from the Common Council of the city, on Jan. 
3d, 1.^52. It was incorporate<l with a capital of $-200,000, 
with leave to increase it to $300,000. The plan of the build- 
imr was adopted 2Gth Aug., 1S5'2, and ils foundation formally 
laid Dec, 1S02. The building is entirely constructed of iron 
and glass, with the exception of the floor. The general plan 
is that of a Greek cross, with a dome over the intersection. 
Its site is a nearly square piece of ground, having an ex- 
treme length from Fortieth to Forty-second Street, of 455 
feet; and an extreme width, from the Sixth Avenue to the 
Reservoir, of 445 feet The Crystal Palace occupies the 
greater part of this square, and consists of 3 princijial stories, 
the sccoTid being of less extent than the first, a third chiefiy 
ornamental, and a magnificent central dome. The area of 
the first floor is 111,000 square feet, of the galleries 62,000 
square feet— total area, 173,000 square feet. By direction of 
the V. S. Treasury Department, the building will be made 
a bonded warehouse, during the exhibition, so as to re- 
ceive all foreign goods free of duty, and encourage the 
co6i)eration of foreign nations in this fair of world-wide in- 
terest. 

JlnteU. — Among the public buildings of New York, ita 
large hotels form a great feature. Of these tho Astor Houso 
is the most distinguished. It is situated on Uroadway, op- 
posite the Park, and forms the block between Vesey and 
Barclay streets. It is built of Quincy granite, in tho most 
substantia! and splendid manner, is 5 stories high, and con- 
tiiins upward of 3G0 rooms. In ils appointments and gen- 
eral style of accommodations, it is not surpassed by any 
hotel in the world. It was erecte<l by J. J. Astor, at a cost 
of $800,000, and was opened in May, 183G. The Ir\ing 
House, nn Uroadway, occupying the block between Cham- 
bers and Rcade streets, is built of granite, 5 stories high, 
contains about 300 rooms, and is a hotel of much resort. 

533 



NEW 



NEW 



The St. Nicholas Hold, on Broadwiiy, between Broome 
and Spring: strei-ls, ia a new and very largo hotel, built of 
white marble, G sti-riea high, eonlitining '.iTu rooms, and sur- 
passing, in the spteii'lor of it3 apartments and general mag- 
nificence, all oihcr hotels in the city. The Metropolitan 
Hotel, on Broaiiway, corner of Prince Street, 6 stories high, 
built of brown freestone, is a very imposing edifice. It con- 
tains about 400 rooms, many of which are elegantly painted 
and furuisheii. The entire cost of the buiUliiig, without 
furniture, was about $500,000. The New York Hotel, on 
Broadway, occupying the block between Washington and 
Wavcrley placets, is a very large and fashionable family 
hotel. It is built of brick, in plain style, but very spacious, 
and containing about 230 rooms. The Union Place Hotel, 
in Union Place, is a large and fashionable establishment. 
Many other public houses in the city are very large, well 
kept, etc. ; but their great number precludes tlieir particular 
description. Tlie United States Hotel, on Fulton Street, oc- 
cupying Uie block between Pearl and Water streets, is built 
of marble, 7 stories high, and was the first of the mammoth 
hotels. It contains 225 rooms, and cost $830,000. Hotel-keep- 
ing, as practiced in New Ytirk by the best houses, is brought 
nearer perfection than in any other city in the world. 

Churchee. — Many of the churches of New York are very 
costly edifices, and are among the most splendid ornaments 
of the city. Of these. Trinity Church, on Broadway, oppo- 
site Wall Street, is the most distinguished. This edifice, 
■which is the third built upon tlic same site, was erected 
1841-45, at a coat of about $400,000. It is of (Jolliic archi- 
tecture, and constructed entirely of brown sandstone. Its 
dimensions are— length 1S9 feet, witltli S4 feet, height — to 
Uie eaves of Ihe clerestory C4 feet, to the apex of the spire 
264 feeL The interior presenls a very impressive ajipear- 
ance. There are no galleries, and it accommodates only 
about 900 persons with seats. The church is generally re- 
garded as the finest specimen of jiure Gothic architecture in 
the United States. The edifices of the Protestant Episcopal 
Church are generally more elaborate and expensive struc- 
tures than those of other denominations, which mainly re- 
sults from the great wealth of the corporation of Trinity 
Church. Of these the most noted are— Grace Church, on 
Broadway, corner of Tenth Street, a most elaborate struc- 
ture of white marble, of Gothic architeclure, erected in 
1S15, at a cost of $200,000; St. George's Church, near Stuy- 
vcsant Square, a very large edifice in the Ilomau style, of 
brown freestone; St. Paul's Chapel, on Broadway, between 
Fulton and Vesey streets, a large but plain edifice, of dark 
brown stone, having a spire of very graceful proportions, 
203 feet high ; St. John's Chapel, fronting on St. John's 
Park, an imposing edifice of brown sandstone, in the Cor- 
inthian order, erected in 1807, having a splendid portico of 
4 very large Corinthian columns, and lofty spire 215 feet 
high : St. Thomas' Church, on Broadway, corner of Houston 
Street, of stone, rebuilt lSo2, a handsome Gothic edifice; 
Churcli of the Holy Communion, on Sixth Avenue and 
Twentieth Street, erected in 1845, of well-dressed retl gran- 
ite, one of the most correctly built Gothic church edifices in 
the Union ; Church of the Annunciation, in W. Fourteenth 
Street, an imposing stone edifice, of gray stone; Calvary 
Churcli, Fourlh Avenue; Trinity Chapel, in Fifth Avenue, 
besides many others which are costly edifices and very fine 
Bpecimens of architecture. Of Roman Catholic churches, 
the best edifices are — St, Patrick's, the catliedral, in Prince 
Street, a very spacious church, of stone, in Gothic architec- 
ture, erected in 1S15, having an interior of imposing ap- 
pearance, with arched nave, side aisles, etc.; St. Peter's, 
in Barclay Street, a very massive edifice of granite, with 
grand Ionic portico; Church of the Uedecmer, in Third 
Street, a very large structure of brick, erected 1852, awX 
used by a German congregation ; St. Bridget's, near Tomp- 
kins Square, etc. 

The First Preebytcrlan Church, in Fifth Avenue, presents 
a majestic appearauoe — it is of reddish hewn stone, in full 
534 



Gothic architecture, with large buttresses, pinnacles, and 
lower, and spire IGO feet high. The Church nf the Puri- 
tans (Cong.), in Union Place, is a splendid edifice of white 
marble. The Dutch Preformed eiiurches in Lafayette Place 
and University Place arc noted for their elegance. Two 
Unitarian churches, both in Broadway, are fitie structures. 
The First Baptist Church, in Broome Street, is a handsomo 
Gothic edifice of blue limestone, erected in 1841. 

The total number of churches in New York is 250, of 
which there are 45 Episcopal, 46 Presbyterian, 40 Methodist, 
31 Baptist, 21 Poman Catholic, 20 Dutch Keformed,lo Cnn- 
gregalional, 5 Lulheran. 4 Universalist, 4 Friends', 4 Primi- 
tive Christians, 2 Unitarian, 2 New Jerusalem, 2 Second 
Advent, 1 M"ra\ian, and 12 Jews" Synagogues. This lablo 
gives nearly the proportion of 1 church for every 2,100 of 
the population. The average number wliich can be accom- 
modated is probably not more than SOO, giving the aggre- 
gate of church accommodation 200,000 seals, or about J of 
the present (1S53) population. 

Theatres, e/c— The placcsof amusement in New York aro 
numerous and well patronized. Of the theatres, the Broad- 
way is the largest and principal one, and chiefiy devoted to 
the regular dratna. Niblo's Theatre has a diversity of rep- 
resentations, and is one of the most popular resorts in the 
city. The Astor Place Opera House is but little used. Me- 
tropolitan Hall is a very spacious and magnificent hall, 
nmch used for concerts, public meetings, etc., and will ac- 
commodate 4,000 people. Burton's Theatre is a small but 
very popular resort, chiefly devoted to comedy, etc. Olher 
theatres are, the Bowery and National; besides which the 
American Museum presents dramalic and comic represent- 
ations, and contains a collection of figures, curiosities, etc. 
Among other permanent amusements are the different com- 
panies of '* Ethiopian Minstrels," etc. ; while the more chang- 
ing attractions consist of an endless number of panoramas, 
dioramas, concerts, balls, etc. 

Education. — The provisions of the city for general edu- 
cation are upon a liberal scale. It is believed Ihat there is 
less attention given Xt> education by the illilerate and poorer 
classes of the population than in most cities of tJie tTnited 
Slates, but these are chiefly of foreign birth, and are cnm- 
pelled to use their children to gain a livelihood. Acconling 
to the census of 1850, the total number of adult people un- 
able to read and write in the city, was 18,807, being a per- 
centage of 3.65 of the enlire population, or 1 in 27^ persons. 
Of Ihis total, 10,449 were of foreign birth, 1,GG7 were native 
negroes, and 601 were born in America. According to the 
annual report of the Board of Education for the year 1850- 
51, the whole number of schools within its jurisdiction during 
the year ending 30th April. 1851, was 207, of which the 
number belonging to the " Pul>lic School Society'' was 114, 
ward schools 72, corporate schools 21, and among which 
were 17 schools for colored chihlren. TJie whole number 
of children taught during the year ending February 1, 1851, 
was 107,303; number during the year 1849-50 was 102,974; 
while the average attendance during 1850-51 was 40,055 ; 
and in 1849-50, 35,993. The following tabular statement 
exhibits the most important statistics for the schools during 
four years each ending on February Ist: 



Ag. Cost 

Wlinle No, Average ol Instruc- 

I:i<i^lit. AUeniliince. Uon, etc, 

... 54.732 .... 18,646 
... 32,698 .... 11,595 
... 2.169 



Feb. 1. 


Cla.s. 


Nu 




rPublic 


lU 




^\ar(l 


fiO 


1S4S. 


Corporate. 


18 



1S49. 



Totals . . 1S3 

f Public... 115 

W.ird 5S 

I Corporate. 21 

Totals.. 19i 



i,s;s 

89,599 .... 82,122 . . $201,1T6 

, 50.320 .... 13..''>'!7 

, 40,933 .. . 14,652 

8,743 .... 2,125 

95,045 .... 35,3(U . . $2J»,490 



NEW 



NEW 



Yt-ar 
Feb. I. 



f Public .... 

W:inl 

Corporate.. 



r Public... 

Wiir.I 

Curporutt'.. 



115 



114 
T-2 

21 . 



. 53.64G 

. 45.*72 

. 3,556 

.103,»T4 

. 58.3:39 

. 5it,fe59 

. 3.0G5 



Ag.Co^t 

Avei-rtjje ..riiiBtniL- 

.. 18,153 

.. lo,sii5 
.. '^.1140 

. . ;35.9S)3 . . $-i4S,301 



Totals.. 3U7 ....li)T,3ti;3 .... 40,055 .. $2r4,7')5 
The cost per scholar for 240 days' instruction, etc., in the 
year eniiiiif; Feb. 1, 1S4S, was $tl 20 ; ditto in 1S49, $6 84 ; 
dilto in ISoO, $G 87; ditto in ISol, .|() SO— the average cost 
fir the f'lur years per schohir, $G OS, By an act of the Legis- 
lature ill 1853, the Public Sclioni Society is discontinued, and 
the general dialrict system of the "SUite introduced. * 

The Free Academy is a public high scliool of Uic- city, 
establislied "for the purpose of extending the benefits of 
education gratuitously to those wlio have been pupils in the 
common schonls of the city and county of New Yorlc.'* Tlie 
pr-'jeet wiLS .submitted to tlic popular vote of the ciiizons In 
1S46, and approved Ijy a very large majority. The building 
erected for the purpose, and openeil January 27, 1349, is 
situated at the corner of Lexington Avenue and Twenty- 
third Street. It is a spacious and elegant structure, built in 
the Goihic style, after the manner of the Town Halls of the 
Nelherlands. Its dimensions are 125 feet long, SO feet wide, 
and 5 stories high. The cost of the Imilding was al)out 
$50,000, of the lot $20,000, and of its furniture and apparatus 
$10,000. It will accommodate about 1,000 scholars, lu its 
construction utility and ornament are admirably combined. 
The number of instructors in the academy are 11 ; the num- 
ber of students admitted at the opening, of tlie institution 
was 53; has since steadily increased with successive terms, 
and now amounts to several hundred. Tiiere are in tlic 
city a great number of private academies. Of female semi- 
naries, two are very large, and of great reputation — the 
Hutger's Female Institute in Madison Street, and Spingler 
Institute in Unitm Place — each of which have line stime 
edifices, are well furnished with apparatus, etc., and have 
over 500 pupils. 

Colleges. — There are in the city 2 collegiate institutions, R 
medical olleges, and 2 theological seminaries. Cohnnbia 
College was f"unded in 1754, by royal charter as King's 
College. In 1734 its name was changed by the legislature 
to Columl^ia College. In 1850 it had 7 instructors, 1,450 
alumni, 111 students, and 17,000 volumes in its library. It 
is under the direction of llie Prolestimt Episcopal Church. 
Its buildings are in a beautiful square, a little west from the 
City Hall, and consist of a large and handsome edifice, 200 
feet long by 50 feet wide, with wings at each end etc. The 
University of the City of New York was founded in 1831. 
In 1S50 it had 11 instructors. 320 alumni, 151 students, and 
4,000 volumes in library. Its edifice, on the east side of 
"Washington Square, occupying one block, is the most splen- 
did collegiate buiMing in the United States, and is one of 
the finest ornaments of the city. II is constructed of white 
marble, in the Gothic style of Knglish collegiate architecture. 
Its dimensions are ISO feet long, 100 feet wide, and 4 stories 
high, flanked with square towers on its 4 corners, which 
rise one story above the side walls, and having a central 
building which, rising much higlier than the sides, is 55 
feet broad, and S5 feet deep, crowned with turrets, and in 
Common with the si'le walls of the whole building, has an 
ornamented embattled parapet. This central building is 
an imitation of King's College Chapel, Cambridge, England, 
and is used as the principal chapel of the University. It is 
probably one of the finest rooms of the kind in America. 
Connected with the University is a very flourishing gram- 
mar school, and the University Medical College. 

B 4 



The Ciillege of Physicians and Surgeons is a very flour- 
ishing medical inslitutum, ftmnded in 1307. In 185 i it had 
6 jirofeasors, 219 atu<lents, and 852 graduates. It is located 
at 67 Crosliy Street, has a commodious edifice, wliich con- 
tains an e.vtensive medical museum, and lilirary of over 
1,000 volumes. The University Medical College was founded 
\ in 1837, and is connected with the University of ilie ('ity r»f 
New York. In 1350. it had 6 professors, 421 studcntH, and 
597 graduates. Its edifice is a very large, cornnKxiious. auil 
eUgant building, recently erected in East Fourteenth Street, 
near Union Square. The New York Medical Ci>llege is an 
itistilntion opened in 1851, and occupying a haiid.some 
structure, in East Thirteenth Street. n..'ar Fourth Avenue. 
These schools enjoy the advantages of cliiiicat insiruciioti at 
the various hospitals. 

The Getienil Theological Seminary of tlie rmtii^lant 
Episcopal Church was founded in 1M7. It occupies an 
entire square, between Ninlti and Tenth avenues, and 
Twciilieth and Twenty-first streets. Its edifices are two large, 
handsome buildings of stone, in Gothic archilcctiire. lu 
1850, it had 5 pmfessurs, 04 students, 33G graduates, and 
10,000 volumes in its library. It is well endowed, au>l in 
a flourishing conditi<iii. 

The Union Theological Seinin.iry, a Presbyterian in.sti- 
tution, was founded in 1S36. Its edifice, in University 
Place, near Washington Square, is a handsome structure of 
brick. In 1850, it had 5 professors, 106 students, 211 ahunui, 
and 18,000 volumes in it.s library. 

Librariefi, t'^-.— The New York Society Lib^.'ln^ estab- 
lished 17.'4, is tiie oldest literary association in the city. 
During the lievolutionary War, its volumes were scattered 
and lost. On the restoration of peace it was reestablished. 
In 1838 and '39, it erected its present edifice, on Broa<lwuy, 
corner of Leonard Street, at an expense, inclnding the 
ground, of $120,000, which is one of the finest library buiM- 
ings in the Union. It contains about 45,000 volnmes, which 
have been selected with much care. In 1853, it has dis- 
posed of its building, and will be removed to Ijie ui)per 
part of the city. The Mercantile Library Assficijdion, 
formed in 1820, for merchants' clerks, ocenpies a large 
portion of Clinton Hall, on Beekman and Nassau .strt-els, 
which was erected in 13:30 for its acc<immodation, at a cost 
of ^.')3,iuio. Its library is partimlarly rich in periodical 
literature, and contains about 36,000 volumes. 

The New York Historical Society, founded in 1304, have a 
very valuable libr.iry of .American history, of 17.000 volumes. 
and some collections of historical interest. The Society have 
monthly meetings, and have published numerous volumes 
of their researches, etc. Their rooms are at the University, 
but a building for their accommodation is in contemplation. 
The Geographical and Statistical Society hold monthly 
meetings, and have commenced the formation of a library. 
The transactions of lliis society are published in a '• IJulletin," 
the first number of which was issued in August, 1852. The 
Apprentices' Ln)rary, established in 1820, occupies a large 
building at 32 Crosby Street, and contains 14,000 volumes. 
The American Institute have 6,000 volumes; the Typo- 
graphical Society, 3,000 volumes, free to prinler-s etc. ; the 
New York Law Institute, in the City Hall, 5.000 volumes; 
tlie Mechanics' Institute. 3,000 volumes; besides whi<'h. tho 
New York Lyceum and the Lyceum of Natural History 
have each valuable libraries and other collecticjns. 

The Astor Library was founded by -John Jacob Aslor, 
who, in his will, appropriated $400,000 for "the establish- 
ment of a public library upon the most ample scale and 
liberal character, for general use, free of expense to jiersous 
resorUng thereto." Of this amount, Mr. Astor dir<'cted that 
a sum, not exceeding $75,000. should be expended in tho 
erection of a building, on the E. side of Laiayette Place; 
that $120,000 should be expen.ied in the first outlay for 
books and other objects: and that the residue, over $200,000, 
should be permanently invested as a fund f()r its main- 
tenance and gradual uiercase. The library edifice, built of 



NEW 

brown freestone and brick, is a very handsome structure, 
both in exterior and interior. Its dimensions are — 65 feet 
front, 120 feet in lenglli, and 2 stories in lieight, 67 feetfrom 
the sldc-walli to the top of the parapet. Tlie interior is most 
cominodiously arranged, and will conveniently contain 
100,000 volumes. Over 00,000 \olume3 have already been 
purcliaaed, eliiefly in Euroi>e. The library will be opened 
for public use in ISoS. 

I'tii-wdmd Press.—Tha whole number of periodicals 
published in the city in June, 1S50, was 125, of which 14 
were issued daily, 8 semi-weekly, 68 weekly, 8 on Sunday, 
5 semi-monlhly, 30 monlhly, and 2 quarterly. Names of 
dailies: "Herald" (indep.), "Tribune" (whig), "Sun" (neu- 
tral), "Courier and Enquirer" (whig), "Journal of Com- 
merce" (neutral), "E.vpress" (whig), "Morning Star" (neu- 
tral), "Commercial Advertiser" (whig), "Evening Post" 
(free soil), "Evening Mirror" (whig), "Merchants' Day- 
Book" (whig), "Globe" (dem.), Deutsche Schnell Post" 
(German), and " New Yorker Demokrat" (German). Each 
of these issue other editions weekly or semi-weekly. The 
dailies, with many of the weeklies, surpass Ihose of any 
other city in the Union in their intrinsic merits, size, capital 
involved, and circulation. The total circulation of the 8 
dailies in 1S50, at each issue, was 164,261 copies, being over 
one-sixth of all the dailies printed in the United States. 
The largest circulations attained by dilTerent issues, were : 
Of dailies, the " Sun," 66,000 copies ; of weeklies, the " Trib- 
une," 48,000; of montldies, the "American Messenger" 
(relig.), 211,000. 

City Government, Departmmie, Institutions, PuUic 
TVoi-ks, etc, — The government is vested in the mayor, re- 
corder, ,nnd Common Council, which body consists of the 
two boards of aldermen and assistant aldermen, each com- 
posed of 19 members, 1 from each ward. The mayor and 
aldermen are elected once in 2 years, the assistant aldermen 
annually. There are 9 executive departments, viz., police, 
finance, streets, repairs and supplies, streets and lamps, 
Croton Aqueduct, city inspectors, alms-house, and law. The 
number of civil courts is 4, besides 6 ward courls ; of crimi- 
nal courls, 3. besides 3 police courts. 

Bj>peiiMS nj Gomrmiwnl —The total expenses of the city 
government in each year since ISOO, is exhibited in the fol- 
lowing statement of the amount raised each yciir for city 
purposes : 

Amount. 
. $1,1186.1.30 

. 1,260.000 

. 1,300,000 

. 1,2110,000 

. 1,100,000 

. 1,266,000 

. 1,100,000 

. 990,000 

. 1,298,922 

. 1,.3.39,4S7 

. l,7r)4,.323 

. 1,740,361 

. 1.992,160 

. 2.302,.')64 

. 2,578,3J5 

. 2,924.493 

. 8,378,335 



Ytars. 


Amount. 


Tear.. 


Amount. 


ye,ir>. 


1801 .. 


.. $75,000 


1S19 . . 


.. $2,')0,140 


1836, 


1802 . . 


. . T6.000 


1S20 . . 


. 270,301 


1837, 


1803 .. 


. . 75,000 


1S21 . . 


. 259,430 


1833 . 


1804 . . 


.. 75,1100 


1S22 . . 


. 302,1116 


1839 . 


1805 .. 


.. 127.947 


1S23 .. 


. 351,814 


1840 . 


1806 . . 


.. 127.815 


1324 . . 


. 353,328 


1841 . 


1S07 .. 


.. 119.155 


1S25 . . 


. 336,864 


1842. 


180S . . 


.. 13S.9SO 


1S26 . . 


. 588,769 


1843. 


1809 . . 


.. 139,027 


1S27 .. 


. 487,692 


1844 . 


1810 .. 


.. 1-29.727 


1S2S .. 


. 4,85,752 


1846. 


1811 . . 


.. 176.978 


1SJ9 .. 


. 607,107 


1840. 


1812 . . 


.. 174,920 


1S.30 .. 


. 509,178 


1847 . 


1813 ... 


.. 174,727 


1«31 .. 


. 562,104 


1843. 


1814 ... 


.. 214,225 


1S32 . . 


. 665.386 


1819 . 


1S15 .. 


.. 197,913 


1S.33 . . 


. 971,800 


1850. 


181S ... 


.. 180,654 


1S.34.. 


. 835.605 


1851 . 


1317 .. 


.. 216.720 


1835 .. 


. 965,603 


1S52. 


1S18 ... 


.. 255,741 









The debt of the city, on 1st January, 1845, was : 

Permanent Debt $12,881,750 42 

Temporary " 1,147.914 80 

Total " $14,029,665 22 

In 18.52, according to the message of the mayor, it w.ns : 
Permanent debt redeemable from sink, fimd $14,578,9118 00 
Temporary debt redeemable from taxation . 710,000 00 



NEW 

The following table exhibits the amount of taxation in 
decades of years since 1800, and the comparative increase 
of taxation and population during the eamo periods : 



Teriods. Amonnt. i — ■ > , 

Tax. per ct. Pop. per CL 

1801-10 $1,082,656 — 59 

1811-20 2,112,379 95 QS 

1S21-30 4,127,030 95 64 

1831-40 9.945,694 141 54 

1841-50 16,367,133 65 65 



Total tax in 60 years, $33,634,691 ; in 1861 and '52, $6,302,823. 
Total tax in 62 years, 89,937,719. 

The rate of tax, per head, in different years was as fol- 
lows : 



reara. 


Rule. 


Tear?. 


Rate. 


Tears, 


Rate. 


Teara, 


■Rate. 


1800. 


.$1.24 


1815. 


.$2.82 


1830. 


.$2.61 


1845. 


.$3.61 


1806. 


. 1.69 


1820. 


. 2.18 


1&35. 


. 8.57 


1850. 


. 6.00 


1810. 


. 1.35 


1825. 


. 2.03 


1840. 


. 8.62 








The amount of corporation property owned by the city 
in 1S5I, consisting chit-fly of real esta'£, piers, wharves, 
etc., as estimated under direction of the controller, was 
$19,505,310 8S. Of this property, a large portion lying in 
the upper part of the city was sold at auction in 1&53. The 
same estimate gave as the total cost of the Croton Aqueduct, 
$14,n41,5S3 95; of the Keceiving Reservoir, $134,000 00;of 
the Distributing Keservoir, $152,000 00. 

The statistics of the various departments of the city arc as 
follows : 

Police DepaHment, — The ci'.y is divided into 19 patrol 
districts, each ward constituting one, which are patrolled by 
a total force of 941 policemen, averaging 50 to each ward. 

Criminal Utatiaiic^. — The blaVistica of the criminal courts 
of the city for the years 1S51-62 are as follows : 

Wliole number of tn.-its ]S52. 1851. 

In the Court of Oyer and Terminer 14 . . 14 

In the Court of General Sessions 447 . , 417 

In the Court of Special Sessions 2,405 . . 2,079 

To^l 2,S66 .. 2,510 

The total number of convictions in these courls during 
the year 1S51 was 2,494 ; of which 1,530 were for petit lar- 
ceny ; for assault and battery, 703 ; burglary, 47 ; grand lar- 
ceny, 105; forgery 17, etc. During 1S51, the number com- 
mitted to tlie city prison was 16,522, making, with 221 
remaining on January 1, 16,543. Of these, 12,955 were 
discharged, 3,390 sent .o the penitentiary, 192 to the Slate 
prison, and 3 were executed. The statistics of the peni- 
tentiary on Blackwell's Island for the year 1S52 were as fol- 
lows : 

Remaining in penitentiary Dec. 31, 1S51 879 

lieceived during the year 1852, males 2.017 

" " " females 2,348 4,305 

Total 5,244 

Discharged, males 1,913 

" females 2,290 4,203 

Remaining in penitentiary Dec. 81, 1S52 1,041 

Alma- House DcparinxenL — This department has charge 
©fall the city institutions for the relief of the poor. etc. ; the 
penitentiary, prisons, work-house, asylums, hospitals, etc. 
The principal buildings on Blackwell's Island are very largo, 
and contain several thousand inmates. The charge of these" 
institutions is comniitti'd to a board of 10 governors. The 
real estate occupied by this department was valued in 1S51 
at $1,200,000. 

The combined statistics of the total expenses of the city 
hospitals, asylums, nurseries, and prisons for the year 1S50, 
were as follows: 



NEW 



NEW 



Instiiuliona. Total Expenses, 

Alnis-IIouse $30,10S SS 

Efllevue Hospital 45,279 13 

City Prison 18,802 81 

Colored Home 7,fiG4 5S 

Colored Orphan Asylum 2.*;o7 13 

Lunatic Asylum 31,ii44 U 

Nursery 3S,206 53 

Nursery Hospital 14,040 93 

Office 23,127 69 

Out-Door Poor 6i!.5(>7 04 

Penitentiary G(f.K95 52 

Penitentiary Hospital 3,917 62 

Police, Office of the Chief of 5b Ul 

Prison, 2<1 DistricU 1,695 9S 

Prison, 3U District 1,369 44 

Ean.lairs Island 10,507 S3 

Small Pox Hospital 043 55 

Storehouse, Blackwoll's Island 29.445 63 

Storehouse, liandairs Island 10,SS3 75 

"Work-House 11 ,430 85 

New Work-House Building 2,455 40 

Total monthly cost of supplies, $406,652 60. 
Of 4 of tiiese institutions, the following are some of their 
statistics for the year 1S52. 

NUMBBH OF INMATES. 
Hemainins AdiiuHed Disriinrged Rf^maining 

Dec.:JI,lN51. in]»J2. and J it- J. Dec.31, IS.'.i. 

Bellevue Hospital. C09 5,0S9 5,1S2 61 6 

Aims-House — — — 1,267 

Lunatic Asylum.. 517 495 4S5 527 

Nursery 1,419 1,773 1,SS1 1,311 

Of the Alms-Houso inmates— 1,022 were bom in foreign 
countries, and 245 in the United States; 653 were males, 
614 females. There are three large dispensaries, whose free 
chariuible minislralions have for many years been of very 
great assistance in relieving the medical wants of the poorer 
classes. According to recent police returns, 1S.450 persons 
were found living in 3.742 underground basements. Nearly 
one-third of these persons were classified as dirty in person, 
and their basements of the same description. 

Ci'oton Aqueduct Department— Hhe Croton Aqueduct 
was commenced in 1S37, and its completion celebrated Oct- 
14th, 1S42. It is 401- m. long, commencing at the Croton r., 
in Westchester co., 5 m. from Hudson r. The dam, built 
of stone and cement, is 250 feet long, 40 feet high, 70 feet 
thick at it3 base, and 7 at ils top. The pond thus created is 
5 m. long, covering 400 acres, and estimated to contain 
500,000,000 gallons of water. The aqueduct, built of stone, 
brick, and cement, and arched over and under, is 6 feet 9 
inches wide at its bottom, 7 feet 5 inches wide at the top, 
an'l S feet 5 inches high, has a descent of 13J inches per m., 
and will discharge 60,ii00,000 gallons in 24 hours. It crosses 
Harlem r. on a magnificent bridge of stone, 1,450 feet long, 
Bupported by 14 stone piers, and which cost nearly $1,000,000. 
The receiving reservoir is between Sixth and Seventh 
avenues, and Seventy-ninth and Eighty-sixth streets, cover- 
ing 35 acres, containing 150,000,000 gallons of water, and 
cost $1.34,000. The distributing reservoir, on Fiflli Avenue 
and Forty-second Street, is a most massive stnictiire, is 2,120 
feet square, covering over 4 acres, containing 25,000,000 
gallons, and cost $152,000. Thence the water is distributed 
over the city in iron pipes, of which, in 1S52, 215 m. length 
had been laid. Tlie daily consumption is about 30,000,000 
gallons. The supply is considered adequate for three or 
four times the present population of the city. In 1351 the 
total cost of the Croton Aqueduct and its connections was 
$14,n41,5"i4. Its revenue now amounts to nearly $500,000, 
and is steadily increasing. 

J^ire Department. — Kngine companies in 1S51, 49, with 
34 engines. 49 hose compnnies, with carriages, and 5S.5O0 feet 
of hose, S hook and ladder companies. 3 hydrant companies; 
whole number of firemen 2,172. The real estate used by 



the Fire De|);irtment was valued, in 1S51, at $151,800. Sta- 
tistics of fires in 1S.V2— total number, 325; o1" false alarms, 
193; loss of buildings by fire, $223,428; loss on stock, 
$1,359,003 ; number of persons who lost their lives by fires, 13. 
Market*!, tic. — There are 14 principal markets, the build- 
ings of wliich occupy large areas of gmund, but are 
utterly unworthy of ihe city, occujiying real estate, valued 
in 1S51 at $1,109,000. Of these, tlie largest and most im- 
portant is Washington Market, in Washington Street, front- 
ing on the Hudson llivi-r. Its business is chiefly whole- 
sale, and mure extensive than any other in the United 
States, The following are approximate estimates of its 
aggregate yearly sales: 



.. $1,000,000 

.. 17,500,000 

. . 1,000,000 

15,000 

.$2^.452.000. 
retiiU 



Meat trade $5,000,000 Poultry tr.ide. 

Fruit " 2,800,000 Vegetable " . 

Batter " 430,000 Kgg " . 

Honey " 9.000 Nut " . 

Fish " 648.000 

Total yearly sales of all kindsof produce. . 

The other markets arc more occupied with the 
trade. 

The following statistics of the cattle trade, for the years 
1S51 and '52, give only an approximate statement of liie 
consumption of meat in the city. 

Sales of beeves, etc., in the New York cattle market, in 
1S51 and '52 : 

Total Cfiws.md Slippp anJ 

Sales. Eesvefl. Cnlves. Lunjlis. 

1S51 SS.994 5,4ii0 264,200 

1S52 105,225 5,68S 82.3,000 

Zuvn^f.5.— Total number of licensed omnilnises, Feb. 1, 
1S50, 425, paying $7,6:30 ; number of same in 1S52. .30 lines, 
having a full number of 800 stages, of which 445 licenses 
pay $12,380; total number of licensed hnck9 in 1S50, -131, 
paying $2,133. Of other principal licenses, the following is 
a summary for 18^)2: Cartmen, 4,233 ; dirt carls, 1,460; pub- 
lic porters, 245. etc. 

Summary of tavern licenses during 1S50-52, the years 
ending Dec. 31 ; and of liquor licenses during 1850-52. the 
years ending May 1 ; also the number of licenses granted in 
1S52, after May 1 ; and the total number of places where 
rum is sold, as reported by the police : 

AflerMay 1, 
18S0. 15.^1. 1FB2. 18.^2. SolJ. 



5,950.... — .... — 

5,190.... 5,796.... 6,303 



Tavern licenses . .4,528 5,047. . 

Liquor " ..3,986 4,553.. 

City Railroad.^.— The Fourth Avenue E. E., belonging 
to the Harlem II. K., has been in operation for several years. 
During 11 hours of the day, cars run every 7 minute's from 
the Astor House to Twenty-seventh Street— fare 6 cents. 
The Sixth Avenue P. K. went into operation on Aug. 11, 
1852. Cars are run every 4 minutes for 12 hours of tlie day, 
from Yesey Street to Forty-fourth Street— fare 5 cents. Au 
immense number of persons, averaging, in 1352, over lO.OuO 
daily, use these cars, as also those of Fighth Avenue P. R. 
The receipts from its opening to Dec. 1, 1352, were $40,451. 
The Eighth Avenue R. E.went into operation 31st Aug., 1S52. 
The cars run every 4 minutes during the greater ]iart of the 
day and evenings, from Vesey to Fifty-first streets— fare 5 
cents. The daily number of passengers, in 1S52, averaged 
over 11,000. The receipts of the road, from its opening, 
during the year 1352 (4 months 1 day) were $59.5! lO. In 
1S53, branches of the above roads are extended through 
Canal Street to Broadway. Other avenue railroads are in 
rapid construction, of which the princijial are on tho 
Second and Ninth avenues, extending to tho lower part of 
the city. 

Benevolent Institutiona.—'nie cliaritable institutions, not 
under the charge of the city corporation, but established 
and sustained by the sympaihelic liberality of associations 
and the citizens, are highly creditable to the character of 
New York. Of these, tlie New York Ho.^piiai, in iiroad- 
w-y, opposiU* Pearl Street, is among the principal. It was 

587 



NEW 



NEW 



funiuk'il in I'Tl. It consists of 3 larjie stone edifices, finely 
located in a lieauliful, tpacions yard, very cominodions, and 
well fitted up, and will accommodate 400 patients. It has a 
large annual revenue, but which is annually expended. 
The total number of patients admitted from December 31, 
IS'29, to December 31, 1862, was 54,076. The number re- 
mainins December 81, 1851, was 801 ; number of admissions 
during U52, 3,448 ; number discharged in 1852, 3,407 ; num- 
ber remaining December .31, 1832, 842. It is the only gene- 
ral hospital of any note in the city. 

The Blonmingdale Asylum for the Insane, located at 
Bloomingdale, near the Hudson river, between Tenth and 
Kleveulh avenues, One Hundred and Seventeenth and One 
Hundred and Twentieth streets, 7 miles from the City Hall, 
is a branch of the New Yorlc Hospital, which went into 
operation in June, 1821. There are three very large and 
commodious buildings of hewn stone, with 40 acres of ground 
beautifully laid out into pleasure-grounds, gardens, etc. The 
statistics of this institution for the year 1853 arc as follows : 

Number of patients in Asylum Jan. 1, 1852 122 

Admitted during the year 102 

Discharged " " . .' 87 

Died " « :...■ IS 

Number of patients in Asylum Dec. 31, 1852 119 

Eeeeipis during the year $31,137 47 

E.xpenditures $31,254 01 

Balance in treasury $SS3 S6 

Value of products of the farm in 1952 $5,261 00 

The total number of patients treated since the opening of 
the Asylum approximates 5,000. 

The New Yorlc Institution for the Inslruction of the Deaf 
and Dumb is located between Fourth and Fifth avenues, 
and Forty-ninth and Fiftieth streets. Si miles from the City 
Hall. The principal edifice, occupied since 1829, is a very 
handsome structure,5 stories high. 110 feet long. and 60 feet 
wide. The whole number of iialients at the institution in 
1S52 was 303; number discharged during the year, 44; 
number remaining Dec. 81, 1852, 259 ; of whom 14:S were 
males and 116 females. These were supported as follows: 
by the State of New Yorlc, 182 ; by the city of New York, 
16 ; by the State of New Jersey, 13 ; by their friends, 31 ; by 
the Institution, 16; by the Commissioners of Emigration, 1. 
Expenses in 1853. $43,000 ; receipts, $41,000. 

Tlie Institution for the Blind, on Ninth Avenue, Thirty- 
tliird and Thirty-fourth streets, is a Large and splendid 
edifice of granite, in Gothic style, and one of the finest orna- 
nv^nls of the city. The total number of inmates during 
1S52 was 150 ; number remaining Dee. 31, 1852, 10-3. 

Orphan .\syli>ins. — The New York Orphan Asylum, situ- 
ated at Bloomingdale, near Hudson river, on Seventy-first 
Street, 4J m. from City Hall, is a handsome building of 
stone, in Gothic style, 120 by 60 feet, connected with 9 acres 
of ground, and contains several hundred children. The 
Protest^uit Half-Orphan Asylum is in Sixth Avenue, be- 
tween Tenth and Eleventh streets. The Colored Orphan 
Asylum, on Fifth .\ venue, between Forty-secoud and Forty- 
third streets, is a large institution in flourishing condition. 
Number of children Jan. 1, 1852, 201 ; admitted in 1852, 
67; remainingDee.31,lS53,207— boys, 130; girls, 77; tot.al 
number admitted since opening of the asylum, 631 ; receipts 
and expenses during 1852, each al>out $16,000. The Eomau 
Catholic Orphan Asylum, in Prince Street, near the Cathe- 
dral, is a very large institution, under charge of the Sisters 
of Charily. On Dec. 31, 1852. it contained aI)out 700 chil- 
dren — 800 girls and 400 boys. Expenses of the year. $25,000. 

tlther asyhuns are, the Home for Aged Indigent Fenudes, 
having, in 1852, 87 inmates; expenses and receipts in same 
year, about $4,000. Asylum for Lying-in "Women, which, in 
1852, accommodated 141 women in conflncment, etc; the 
Colored Home, Magdalen, Friendless Boys, and others. 

There are five dispensaries, which annually afford medi- 
cal aid to vast numbers of the population. Of these the 
8SS 



New York Dispensary was established in 1790. tite Northern 
in 1827, the Eastern in 1830, the Deinilt in 1S51, the North- 
western in 1852. The aggregate applications to the first 
three, in 1852, for medical aid, was 79,379; number of vac- 
cinations. 6.816. 

Institutions for Seamen.— On Staten Island are three large 
and most excellent institutions for seamen ; viz., the Miirine 
Hospital at Tompkinsville, near the Quarantine ground, 
consisting of 3 buildings ; the Seaman's llelreat ; and the 
Sailor's Snug Harbor, on the N. side of the island, wliich 
provides a home for aged and decayed seatnen, and pos- 
sesses an estate, bequeathed by CapL Bandall, now valued 
at $1,000,000. 

ReUgioua Socieiiex. — New York contains many of the 
central offices and publication establishments of those great 
religious denomin.ations and societies which embrace in 
their labors the whole nation. Some of their printing 
oftices are among the largest in the city — viz., American 
Bible Society, which in 1852 erected a splendid edifice in 
Fourth Avenue, cor. Ninth Street, consisting of an entire 
block, six stories high ; Methodist Book Concern in Mul- 
berry Street; American Tract Society in Nassau Street, and 
many oUiers. The anniversaries of these societies are cele- 
brated during the second week in May. and are occasions 
of nnieh interesL 

PopuUitiott. — The following statistics exhibit the amount 
of the population of New York at various intervals since its 
foundation, as furnished by tlie enumerations and estimates 
of the earlier period, and later by the official returns of the 
census, periodically taken under the authority of the Shite, 
and of the United Stiites, together with the numerical in- 
crease between the consecutive periods with the actual ratio 
for such times, and the corresponding ratio for decennial 
periods, where the interval is more or leas than ten years: 

Itatioot Iiii'r,.(i«e. 
lears. Population. l„c,„»e. Arlii.il Kst Deieiinial 



1,000 

2,500 

4,.%3 

S.028 

10,381 

1773 21,876 

177Cestiin.. 26,000 estim. 

173G 23,814 " 



1656 
1673 
169H 
1731 
17,56 



1.600 . 
1.803 . 
4,326 . 
1,753 . 



T.94. 



150.00 

72.ns 

100.56 

20.32 

11,495 110.73 

4,124 estim.. 20.00 
2,3?S de«.'76 
,738 Inc. IS 

9..517 

27,353 

15.281 

20.603 

3,925 dec... 
8.171 



(2,: 
I I.' 



88.2-3 
31.35 
28.7.S 
8.13 
05.13 

6.11 



40.30 

83,57 

25.26 .... 
27.19 

4.07 dec. . 

8.84 

22.94 

34 26 

21.97 

83.32 

15.73 

18.71 

8S.83 



100.75 
S2.8T 
50.53 
54.38 



44.20 
67..35 
6S..52 
43,94 
60.0* 
81.56 
87.42 
77.76 



1790 a3.1.31 .... 

ISnO 60.489.... 

1805 75,770.... 

1810 96,373 .... 

1814 92,448.... 

1816 100,619 

1S20 123,706 2-3,087. 

1825 166,086 42..330 . 

1S30 202 539 86,508. 

1835 270,089 67,600. 

1840 812.710 42,621. 

1845 ,371.223 68.613 . 

1850 515,607 144,284. 

The average decennial increase from 1656 to 1850, is 
■about 40 per cent., which has been steadily ahead, except 
during the two periods of war with Great IJritain. The ratio 
of increase in other periods has been materially checked by 
the following causes: French and Indian war of 1030-97 ; 
yellow fever in 1741-2 : the " negro plot" of the same years; 
great fire of 1741 : and the French wars of 1744-48, and 
17.54. There has been no period of ten years' length, since 
1756, in which the population has not increased. 

POPULATION BY PERIODS OF GOVERNMKNT. 

Perin.ls. Pop. at close. Iiirrease. Ratio. Dee. equl*. 

Dutch ....1613-1664... 1,700... 1.700... — — 

English. ..1664-1783... 2.3,614... 22.000. .1,300 1,000 

American .1788-1850.. .515,507.. .491,893. ..2,288 8,411 



NEW 



NEW 



BEFORE AND AFTER TIIK UNITED STATES CLiNSTlTCTIUX. 

PenuiU. P<'|..^tcli.8e. Intrense. Riilio. Cent, equiv. 

Before.... 1613-1700... 3:3,131... 33,131... — — 

After 1T0O-1S50. . .515,507. . .4S2.376. . .1,45(1 2.427 

The populaliim of the cily h;is doubleil, since 165G, nine 
limes. or in ench average perioil of 21 J years; since 119-Kfour 
limes, or in each 15 years ; since ISOO, tJirce times, or in each 
avcrtige period of IGJ years. 

Comparison of tlic growlli of the cities of New York, 
Pliilailirlpliia, Boston, and Balliraorc, since 1790: 

Vcar3, N. York. Pl.iln.l. Bcistun. B;>lt. 

1790.. 33.131.. 42.520.. 1S.0.3S.. 13.503.. 74,uGl 44.7 

ISOO.. R0.489.. 81,005.. 24.297.- 2G.514..13I.S16 45.9 

ISIO.. 9ii,3T3.. 111,210.. 35,250.. 40,455.-192.915 30.0 

1820.-123,706.. 137.097.. 43.29S.. G2.73>. -243,133 51.0 

1S30..2(I2,5^9.-1SS,9G1.- 61.392.. 80,020 .. 330,973 61.2 

1S40.. 312.710.. 25S.037.. 93,ySJ.. 102,513- -453,933 6S.9 

lS50..515,5Ci7.. 405,815.. 13S,78S,.1S9,04S.. 734.734 70-2 

By the census of 1S50, New York exceeds in popnlation 
fourteen of the Stales nf the Union. 

Jlortnlit//.— The annual ratio of deaths to the population 
has for several years been 3 per cent., wliich lar^e propor- 
tion is to I>e aliriljuted in n very gfeat degree to the foreign 
immigration, the alms-houses, etc., and not to the natural 
unheallhiness of the cily. 

W^alih. — The following sUitements exhibit the valuation 
of property in the city from ISOO to 1S52 inclusive. The 
first statement exhibits the total vahialion until 1S25: the 
second table, from 1825-52 inclusive, dbtin^uishes each class 
of estate : 

Total 



Tfars. 


V.ilu.i'ion. 


Wars. 


V;.l,..-,tion. 


ISOO .... 


$24,4sr,.370 


1.815 


...$81,636,042 


1S05 .... 


2.').o«.s(;7 


1810 


... 82,074.201 


isne .... 


2C .")29.f;30 


1817 


. .. 78.89.5,725 


ISO- .... 


24.959.95."i 


1818 


... 80.245,091 


isos .... 


2.5.1 1>,720 


isin 


... 70,113,001 


1509 .... 


24.732,2i;7 


1820 


... 69.5:50,763 


1^10 .... 


2G,.l;36.370 


1821 


. . . 68.2^2.070 




26,045,730 


1S22 

1S23 


... 71,289,144 
... 70,940,820 


1SV2 .... 


26,243,040 


1S13 .... 


27.040,230 


1S24 


... 8:3,075,676 


ISU .... 


82,901,497 






Ve.irs. 


He.-il F.stAtp. 


PersomI Fstnle. 


T<.lal. 


1825 


... $5S.4:i5.S93 ... 


. $42,734,131 .. 


..$101,160,046 


1S2C 


... 64 912,851 ... 


. 42,534.931 .. 


.. 107.477.781 


1827 


. . . 72,617.770 . . . 


. 39,594,166 . . 
. 86.1,79,663 . . 


.. 112 211,926 


1838 


. . . 77.13i),fl90 . . . 


.. 114.019.533 


1829 


... 76,.>3I,S90 ... 


85.954,136 . . 


.. 112.516.020 


18-30 


... 87,603,,'isO ... 


37,684,038 .. 


.. 120.288,518 


18-31 


... 97,221.870... 


. 42,06^ S44 . . 


.. l:5:(.2Si).214 


1S82 


... 104.1142,405 ... 


. 42,2011,213 . . 


.. 146,302,018 


1833 


... 114,129,.V.l .. 


. 52,305.026 . . 


,. 106,49.5.187 


1S34 


... 12-5,249 28') ... 


. 6.3.299.231 .. 


.. 186 543.611 


1SS5 


. . . 14:!.7.32,452 . . . 


. 74 981.27S .. 


.. 218,723 703 


1836..... 


. . . 233,7-W.3^3 . . . 


. 7.5.7.58,017 .. 


.. 309..501,920 


18.37 


... 194.450,109 ... 


. 67,297,241 . . 


.. 203.747,-350 


1S3S 


... 194 ri4:!,3:.9 . . . 


. 69,609.682 .. 


.. 264.162.941 


18:39 


... 19G,77S.H1 ... 


. 70,014.796.. 


,, 260.789,2.30 


ISM 


... 157,121.464 ... 


. 6.5,721,099 .. 


.. 252.843.103 


1S41 


... 186,347.216 ... 


. 65.430.456 . . 


.. 251.777.702 


18« 


. . . 17«.512,S42 . . . 


. 61,294.559 .. 


.. 287 800,901 


1848 


.-... 164,950,515 ... 


. 63,046,576 . . 


.. 227.997,091 


1S44 


.... 171.936.591 ... 


. 61.023.4.50 .. 


.. 285.960,047 


1815 


.... 177.160,790 ... 


. 62.777..53S . 


.. 239.988,318 


1S46 


. . . . 183 480.934 . . . 


. 61.471.571 .. 


.. 244.n52„505 


18!7 


.... 187.31 4..3SG ... 


. 59.8:37,917 . 


.. 247.1 52..306 


1848 


. . . . 193.027 .570 . . . 


. 61.161.4.51 . 


.. 254,192.027 


ISIO 


.... 197.7fiI.9I0 .. 


. 53.4.55.174 . 


.. 256.217,093 


1850 


.... 207,146.173 ... 


. 79.9:39,240 . 


.. 280,O«5.416 


1851 


.... 227,013 8,56 . . 


. 93,09 i. 602 . 


.. 320.10S.358 


1852 


.... 2.52,136,7-53 ... 


. 9S,,520,043 . 


.. 851,706,796 



Tlio nniount of weallh per head at the diflferent perioila 
named, has been as follows: 



1800 $404 80} 

1810 274 31} 

1820 662 06 



1830 $618 4:!^ 

1840 ,8110 41 

1850 .554 994 



In 1850, 2 estates were assessed for over $1,000,000. K.x- 
clnsive (if incorporated eornpanies, 7 estates were a.s3es.sed 
on $500,000 and upward. The several pruperlies above 
$17,500 were: 



i!50O,OOfl to $1,000.000.. 
40fl,0(X) " 600.000 . . 



300,000 " 
200,000 '■ 
100,000 " 
90,000 " 
80.000 " 



400.000.. 
SOO.OUO . . 
200,000.. 
100,000.. 
90,000.. 



. 7 
. 2 
. 24 
. 68 
.222 
. 4:3 
. 64 



Arnoi 


(Its. 


Eit.ll.9. 


70,000 li 


$80,000 . . . 


.. 99 


00,000 " 


70,000.. . 


.. 109 


60,000 " 


00,000... 


.. 195 


40,000 " 


50,000... 


. . 271 


30,000 " 


40,000... 


.. 445 


20,000 " 


30,000... 


. . 957 


17,600 " 


20,000... 


.. 773 



The proportionate increase of pojniiation and weallh in 
New York, in i-iicli consecutive period of 10 year.s, since 
1800, is as follows : 

Increa.se. Id.-reass. 



Years. P(.p. Wcjallli. ' "I' , " """, 

' per ie[il- yd n.nt. 

lSOO-10 .... . 3.5.SS4 .... $1,9.50.000.... 59 .... 9 

1810-20 27.:;:3:3 . . . . 4:3.094 , :38:3 .... 2-}.... 103 

1820-30 78,-:33 ,55,757,705 W SO 

18:30-40 110.121,.,. 127.6.54.C-I5 - . . . 54 .... 102 

1840-30 2C2,-35 .... 33,242.253 .... 0.5 .... 13 

1800-60 4b5,056 .... $261,699,046 .... 852 . . . . I.ICS 

I/i.iturk-ul ,Si-( «(■/(. —The history of New V((rk city is 
direclly divided inl.( three periods, dnrini; which it bus 
belon(;ed lo tlie tliree governments, Holland. Eiijrliintl, and 
the State of New Vork, viz.. 16119-1604,1604-1783, 1783-1853. 

Dutch period : Sept. 8, 1609, ilendrilc Hudson discovered 
the island ; 1613, the settlement of "New Amsterdam" was 
commenced; 1621, the Dutch West India Company com- 
menced operations ; 1626, the island was purcliased for $24 ; 
1652, New Amsterdam was incorporated, and tlie govern- 
ment passed from the West India Company into Ihe hands 
of 2 burgomasters and 5 assistants called schepens, and 1 
sellout or slierilf: Sept , 1664, llie English took tlic province. 

English period : 1604, name changed lo New V((rk ; .Inly, 
1073, retaken l>y llic Dutcli and called "New Orange," alul 
held by them 1 year; 1686, .James II. abolished the rei>rc- 
sen1;itivc system, etc.; 1089, Leisler insurrection; 1690, a 
colonial congress assembled here; Nov., 1696, city lighted 
by ordinance ; 1711, slave market establislied in Wall Street ; 
1720, 2 per cent. laid on European iniports; 172.5, "New 
York Gazelle" ajipeared; 1700, enlarged charier granted 
by Gov. Montgomerie; 1732, stage routes establislied lo 
Boston and riiihadelphia, traversed once a raonlh ; Sept. 21, 
1770, 493 houses consumed by fire, t of whole cily; 1741-2, 
"Negro plot" and yellow fever; 1765, a colonial congn-is 
a-womblcd here; 1776-1753, Ilevolution; Nov. 25, 17s3, 
ev:icuation of British army and end of English rule 

American period: April 30, 1789. Washington inaugur- 
ated first president at Federal Hall, on situ of present 
custom-house; 1798. yellow fever, 2.056 deaths, which re.- 
turnod in 1803 and in 1805,and again in 1822 ; 1807. EiilUin's 
sleamboal on Hudson river; 1S11. large fire: 1812-16, war 
will! Great Britain, which suspended all commerce; 1826, 
Erie Canal emnpleted and great celebration ; 1S32, Asiatic 
Cholera— 4.369 dealhs; Dec. 16. 1813, contlagnilion of 048 
buildings, total loss $25.000.000 ; 18:37, coinniercial revulsion ; 
Oct 14'l842, celebration of completion of (,'rolon A(pleduct; 
1815, cimHagralion of .546 buiiai(igs-l(ws .$6,00o,0l,0 ; 1849, 
cholera: 15.50, Collins' 8leamers to Liverpool: May. 1851, 
Erie It. 11. completed lo Dunkirk; 1852, avenue railroads; 
1853. success of the Ericsson Caloric Steamship; cily charter 

reformed. 

669 



NEW 



NIA 



Tlic OTuirons of ihe cily, Ihough physically separated, 
and cf Ihenisflvi's large cilics (separately described in their 
alphabetical order), are, to all intents and purposes, part o! 
the metropolis, originating from, and dependent upon, il3 
prosperily. See Bi;ooklyn, Wiluamshueg, etc 

or the enliro metropolitan district, now the first in the 
New World, it may summarily be said, that the past is 
indicative of its future, promising to increase with each 
succeeding year its permanent prosperity, until it surpasses 
all cities, ancient and modern. 

New York, p. v., Sumter county, Ala. : 116 miles W. 
Montgomery. 

New Yoek (of the Pacific), p. v., Contra Costa county, 
Ctilif. : 20 ra. K. by S. Vallejo, at junction of Sacramento 
and San Joaquin rivers, which here form the bay of Suisun. 
Vessels of hirgc size can go up from the sea to this point. 

New Toek, p. 0., Montgomery co., Teim. : 40 m. N. "W. 
Nashville. 

New Yoek Mills, p. v., Oneida county, JV. 5'. .• 90 m. 
W. N. W. Albany, on Sadaquada cr., 2 m. S. Whitesboro", 
noted for its extensive cotton factories, etc. 
Net, p. o., Defiance CO., OIno; 120 m. N. W. Columbus. 
Key. p. o., De Kalb co., III. : 163 ni. N. by E. SpringlieM. 
NiAGAEi county, K Y. Situate W., and contains 4S4 
sq. m. Drained by Tonawanda, Tuscarora, Johnson's, 
Howell's, and Cayuga creeks. Surface various, rising in 
gradual swells from the N. to the ridge in the interior of the 
county, and thence declining gently toward Tonawanda cr. 
—in general it may be said to be level ; soil fertile and easy 
of tillage, but best suited for pasturage — in some portions it 
is productive in grain, fruits, etc. Chief productions wheal, 
Indian corn, and potatoes; it is also a fine dairy county. It 
contains many minerals and abounds in fossils; it also has 
some sulphur springs. This county, in connection with 
Niagara district of Canada, contains the celebrated cataract 
of Niagara. Karma 8,14-3; manuf. S36; dwell. 7,433, and 
pop._wh. 41,973, fr. col. 301— total 42,274. Capital: Lock- 
piirt. I'tMic Works: Rochester, Lockport, and Niagara 
Falls K. E. ; Buffalo and Niagara Falls K. K. ; Buffalo and 
Lockport E. E. ; Canandaigua and Niagara Falls E. E. ; 
Erie Canal, etc. 

Niagara, t, Niagara CO., K. T. : on E. side of Niagara r., 
270 m. W. by N. Albany. This t is situated on the Mount- 
ain Eidge, and declines toward the S. Surface undulating; 
soil calcareous gravelly loam, underlaid by lime and gyp- 
sum. Drained by a few small streams, and on its W. side 
by Niagara river. Attached to this t. are Goat Island, and 
o'-licr islands, and the American division of Niagara Falls. 
Fop. of 1. 1,951. 

Niagara river and falls, Jf. Y. : this river, connecting 
Lake Erie with Lake Ontario, is 36 m. long, and its general 
course N. N. W. Commencing at Buffalo, it is there } m. 
wide, from 40 to 60 feet deep, and flows with a current of 
4 m. per hour. Three miles below Buffalo, at Black Eock, 
it furnishes water to the Erie Can.il, by the SLato pier built 
in Ihe channel, upward of a mile in length, 60 feet wide at 
its base, 30 feet wide at its top, and cost $300,000. From 
Black Eock is a steam ferry to Waterloo, Canada. The 
river now gradually widens in its descent tow.ard Grand Isl- 
and, which it meets 6 m. below Buffalo, and passes with its 
main channel on the W. side. Grand Island is 12 m. long, 
in its widest part 6 m. wide, contains 17,3S1 acres, belongs 
to New York, etc. (&« Grand island.) Below Grand Isl- 
and, in the main channel, near the Canadian side, is Navy 
Island, containing 304 acres, which belongs to Canada, and 
was occupied by the insurgents in 1887-S, under Mackenzie. 
Iltiving passed these islands, 3 m. above the falls, the di- 
viilcd branches of the river re-unite, flowing with rapid 
current, 2 m. broad, but narrowing as it approaches the 
falls. About 1 m. above the falls commence the Great 
Eapids, which, before reaching the falls, have a descent of 
52 feet, presenting a grand appearance. At the falls the 
river is i m. wide, but is divided by Goat Island, which is 
690 



i m. long, } m. wide, contains 71 acres, and extends to the 
brow of the precipice, where it presents a mass of rocks, 
nearly perpendicular, extending from the brink to the bot- 
tom of the fall. Owing to the declivity of the bed of tho 
river before reaching the fall, being greater upon the Cana- 
dian side than on the American, to a bend in the river, and 
to Goat Island being nearer to the American than Ihe Can- 
adian side, by far the greater body of water falls on the 
Canadian side of Goat Island, or, as it is generally called, 
Horseshoe Fall. The following table cvhibits in comprehen- 
sive form the measurements of the 

falls of NIAGARA. 

Extent of the Horseshoe Falls on the Canadian 

side 2,200 feet. 

Breadth of Goat Island, between it and the 

American side 9S0 " 

Breadth of falls on the American side 1,140 " 

The whole extent, or more than i mile 4,321 " 

Height of the Horseshoe Falls 150 " 

Height of the American Falls 160 " 

Extent of the Cave beneath the Horseshoe Falls 

from the outside of the Termination Eock 153 " 

Height of the Cave is estimated by Capt. Hall at 100 " 
The estimated quantity of water discharged over 
the falls is calculated at 43,524,000 cubic feet, 
or 113,510.000 gallons per minute. 
Depth of the river above the falls as near as can 

be approached, about 200 " 

Breadth of the river at the ferry 1,170 " 

In the rapids above the American Falls, about midway 
between the shore and Goat Island, is Batli Island, 24 rods 
in length, and containing about 2 acres. From the shore 
to this island is a bridge 28 rods long, crossing the rapids 
64 rods above the falls. From Bath Island, another bridge, 
16 rods long, extends to Goat IsLand. On Goat Island fine 
views are obtained of both falls. At the S. W. angle of this 
island, on some rocks near the verge of the precipice, and 
which are reached by a footway called Terrapin Bridge, 
extending from rock to rock, there has been erected a sUine 
tower, 45 feet high ; upon its top is an open wooden gallery, 
whence is afforded a direct view of the abyss below. From 
the front of Go.at Island there is a descent (185 feet) to the 
bottom of the falls by a covered staircase (erected by the 
late Nicholas Biddle, Esq., of Philadelphia). From Ihe foot 
of this staircase there are paths for some distance behind 
each of the falls. Behind the Central Fall is the celebrated 
Cave of the Winds, formed by a recess in the wall of the 
precipice, 153 feet long, 60 feet wide, and 100 feet high. 
The best and most comprehensive view of the entire falls 
is obtained on the Can.ada side at Table Eock. On the 
American side a descent is afforded by cars on an inclined 
plane to the shore below, whence a steam ferry boat named 
Maid of the Mist, plies over these foaming depths near the 
falls, to the Canada side, where a winding carriage road is 
constructed to the hoiglils above. The width of the river is 
here } mile, and its depth 250 feet. The banks of the river 
below the falls have a gradual ascent fur 6 m., from which, 
and other facLs, many suppose that the falls have, in tho 
course of ages, receded from below to their present posilion. 
A mile and a half from the falls is the wire suspension 
bridge, SOO feet long, 40 feet wide, and 2.S0 feet above the 
water. It is supported by 16 wire cables, 1,100 feet long, 
and upward of )2 inches in circumference, having a strength 
equal to 6.500 tims tension strain. The Whirlpool, 3 m. be- 
low the falls, is produced by the projection of a rocky pro- 
montory, and in It logs and trees are frequently whirled 
around for weeks in succession. One mile below this whirl- 
pool is an excavation from the side of the bank, containing 
about 2 acres, and 150 feet deep, called the Devil's Hole. 
The river, in its descent to Lewiston. 7 m., fulls 104 feet, 
and flows with groat velocity. Near Lewiston the bank is 
310 feet high, but below it diminishes to 25 or 30 feet, and 



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holds this height to Lake Ontario. Tlie river falls 2 feet in 
its descent from Lewiston to Lake Ontario, a distance of 
7 m., making a total descent of 334 feet in its course of 
86 m. from Lake Erie to Lake Ontario. At its mouth it is 
defended on the American side by I-'ort Niagara, famous in 
history, and garrisoned by V. S. artillery, an'l on the Cana- 
dian side by Fort George. Here also is l-'ort Niagara Light- 
house. ASee LiGHT-nousES. 

Niagara Falls, p. v., Niagara co., A"". T. : on E. bank of 
Niagara r., at the falls, 270 ni. W. by N. Albany. This 
beautiful and thriving v. derives its business and importance 
mainly from its proximity to the falls and its accessibility by 
rail road s^froni Buffalo, '22 m., and from Lockport, 21 m. 
A railroad to Lewislon is also in construction, llere are 
several very large hotels, accommodating in the best style 
thousands of visitors annually. In the v. are 8 churches, 2 
academics, and a number of mills usmg water-power trom 
Niagara river. Pop. about 1.0(.iO. 

NiANTic, sta., New London eo., Coiin.: on New Haven 
and New London 11. K., 5 m. W. by S. from New London. 

NiccoTToo, p. v., Arkansas county. Ark. : on S. bank of 
Arkansas r., 60 m. S. S. E. Little Rock. 

Nicholas county, A'y. Situate toward the N. E., and 
contains 2S1 sq. m. Drained by Licking r. and its branches. 
Surface rolling; soil fertile, and there is much fine pasture 
for cattle, etc. On the streams is some excellent land, well 
cultivated, and very productive. Staples, sugar, wheat, 
Indian com, and tobacco. Farms 711 ; raanuf. 33; dwell. 
1,49T. and pop.— wh. S,6S3, fr. col. 1G5, si. l,51;i— total 10,3GI. 
Capital ■' Carlisle. Public Works: Lexington and Mays- 
ville K. R. 

Nicholas county, Virg. Situate W. centrally, and con- 
tains 6T6 sq. m. Drained by Giiuley and Elk rivers and 
their branches. Surface moderately uneven ; soil ft* rtile. 
It is bounded on the S. W. by the Great Kanawha rivi.T. 
Chief productions, wheat and Indian corn, and it is a line 
grazing county. Farms 418; manuf. 1; dwell. 602, and 
pop.— wh. 3,SS9. fr. col. 1, slaves 3,S90— total 7,7S9. Otp- 
itnl: Nicholas C. U. Public Works: Covington and Ohio 
Bail road. 

Nicholas, p. o., Sutter co., Oreg. Ter.: on E, bank of 
Eearher r., &4 m. N. E. by N. Vallejo. 

Nicholas C. II., p. o., and cap. Nicholas county, Virg. : 
192 m. "W'. N. W. liichmond. 

NicnOLASViLLE. p. V., and cap. Jessamine co., Ky. : on a 
branch of Kentucky r., 27 ni. S. S. E. Frankfurt, 

Nichols, t. and p. v., Tioga co,, ]^. Y. : on S. side Sus- 
quehanna r, 145 m. W. S. W. Albany. Surface of t. hilly ; 
soil gravelly loam. The v. is situated on the river upon a 
plain, very f<--rtile and highly cultivated. Pop. of 1. 1,905. 

Nicholson, t. and p. v., Wyoming co., Penn.: drained 
by Tunkhannock cr. and tributaries, 103 ra. N. N. E. Har- 
risburg. The Tunkhannock Mountain extends across its 
N. parL 

NicnoLSOs's Stork, p. o., Choctaw county, Ala, : 134 m. 
W. by S. Montgomery, near Mississippi State line. 

NicHoi^oNviLLE, p. o., PulHam CO., Jnd.: 40 m.TiV. S.VT. 
Indianapolis. 

NiciioLsviLLE, p. o., Clermont co., Ohio: S4 m. S. "W. 
Columbus. 

NiCHOLVTLLE, p. o., SL Lawrencc co., A'". Y. : on E. branch 
of St. Regis r., 143 m. N. N. W. Albany. 

Nickkll's Mills, p. 0., Monroe co.j Ter^. ;290m.'W.S.W. 
Eichmond. 

NicKOJACK Cate, Dade co., Ga. This remarkable cave 
is in the extreme N. "W. corner of the State. It contains 
numerous passages, spacious rooms, wiih tall columns, 
arches, etc. From its mouth issues a large stream, called 
Nickojack cr., which, for more than a mile within the cave, 
is 20 feet wide and boatahle. The mouth of the cave is 177 
feet wide; the height from the water to the roof, 49 feet; 
thickness of the roof above, S2 feet 

NicoLAcs, p. v., and cap. Sutter co., Calif. .■ on left bank 



of Feather r., SO m. N. E. by N. Vallejo. It has a delight- 
ful location, and is supported by a fine back country. The 
main stage road between Sacramento and Marysville passes 
through it. Pop. about l,0iiO. 

NiooLLKT lake, Juab co., Utah Ter. : 80 m. S. S. E. from 
Great Salt Lake, CO m. "W. N. "W. Fillmore City. 

NicoLLKT river, Utah Ter. : rises in the mountains in 
Iron ciiunty, 100 m. S. by W. Fillmore City. It first runs 
N. N. E., draining the eastern portions of Iron and Millard 
counties; in the latitude of Fillmore City it bends to the 
N. W., and on reaching the boundary of Juab co. it runs 
nearly due W. for 4^ m., and empties into Nicullel lake. 

NicoxzA. p. o., Miami co., Ind, ; 70 m. N. In<lianapoli3. 

NiDJiKWE lake, La Pointe co., TI'mc. ; between Merainis 
and Namebin lakes, the head of Namekngon r. 

NuiHT's Peairie, p. 0., Hamilton co., J II.: 138 m. E.S. E. 
Springfield. 

Nile, p. c, Alleghany county, 2Z. Y. : 230 m. "W. by 8. 
Albany. 

NiLEs, t., p. v., and sla., Berrien co., MicJi. : on E. bank 
of SL Joseph's river, near entrance of Dowagiake r.. Ill m. 
S. W. by W. Lansing. The Michigan Central U. II. passes 
through the v., 191 m. from Detroit, 91 m. from Chicago. 
The V. is pleasantly situated, contains numerous mills, and 
docs a large business, connected with the fine farming 
country around it. Here is located a branch of the State 
University. Three newspapers are published weekly: 
the "Intelligencer" (whig), "Republican" (dem.), "E.v- 
press" (dem.) 

NiLEs, t. and p. o., CajTiga co,, N. Y. : situate between 
Skaneateles and Owasco lakes, 141 m. "W. by N. Albany. 
Surface rolling; soil exceedingly productive, especially of 
wheat. Pop. 2,053. 

NiLRS. p. v.. Cook CO., III.: on "W. side of the N. branch 
of Chicago r., 174 ni. N. N. E. Springfield. 

NiLES, p. o., Trumbull co., Ohio: 144 m. N. E. Columbus. 

NiMisiLA. p. v.. Summit co., Ohio : 96 m. N. E. Columbus. 

NiMMox'3 Cross Roads, p. o., Morrow co., Ohio : 35 m. 
N. Columbus. 

Nine Eagles, p. v., Decatur co., la.: 130 m. W. S. "W. 
Iowa City. Drained by branch of Crooked Fork of Grand r. 

Nine Mile, p. o., Bledsoe comity, Tenn. : 93 m. E. S. E. 
Nashville. 

Nine Mile creek, 2^.Y. : rises in S. part of Onondaga CO., 
and flows N. into Onondaga lake. 

Nine Mile Pkaikie, p. o., Perry co., III. : 126 m. 9. by-E. 
Springfield. 

Nine Points, p. o., Lancaster co., Pe7m. : 35 m. E. S. E. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Ninety-Six, p. o. and .'^ta., Abbeville dist., S. Car. : 75 m. 
from Columbia, ou Greenville and Cnlumbiiv It. K. 

Nineveh, p. v., Broome co.. A'". 1'; on W. side of Sus- 
quehanna r., 102 m, "W. S. W. Albany. 

Nineveh, p. o., Johnson co., Ind. : on Nineveh cr. of E. 
fork of White r., 27 m. S. by E. Indianapolis. 

Nineveh, p. o., Warren county, 17/-^. .• lOS m. N. N. "W. 
Richmond, on branch of Manassas Gap R. R. 

NippENOSE, t. and p. o., Lycoming county, Pemi. : G7 m. 
N. by W. Harrisburg. Drained by Nippen<»se cr. on its W, 
si'le, and the W. branch of the Susquehanna on the N. 
border. Surface hilly ; soil calcareous loam. 

Nlsiixahatona river, la. and Mo. : rises in Amlubon co., 
/(/., flows S. W., and passing through N. "W. corner of J/o., 
empties into the Missouri river. 

NisKAYUNA, t. and p. o., Schenectady co., K. K ; 13 m, 
N. N. W. Albany, on S. side Mohawk r. Pop. 7S3. 

NiTTANY, p. o., Centre county, Penn.: 70 m. N. "W. 
Ilarrisburg. 

NiTEuviLLB, p. v., Columbia co., y. Y.: IS m. S. by E. 
Albany; has several mills and Victories. 

NixBiTRG, p. o., Coosa county, AUi. : 32 ra. E. N, E. 
Montgomery. 

Noah, p. o., Shelby co. Iiid. : 30 m. S. E. Indianapolis. 

591 



NOA 



NOR 



NoANK, p. o., New London county, Conn. : 45 m. S. E. 
Hartford. 

NoBLu county, Ind. Situate N. E., and contains 423 
eq. m. Drained principally by Elkhiirl r. and its branches, 
wliich traverse ita N. and central portions. Surface level 
and diversified, with lakes; soil fertile, and adapted to the 
growth of grain. Chief productions wheat, Indian corn, 
potit"is, pork, IrntliT, and vt'g»'tabh;s of all kinds. Timber 
is found on the land. Farms 772 ; nianuf. ID; dwell. 1,395, 
antl pop.— wh. 7,940, fr. col. t>— total 7,94ti. C^ipUal: 
Albion. 

NoBLB county, Ohin. Situate toward the S. E., and con- 
tains 390 sq. m. Drained by head branches of Wills er., a 
trilnitary of Muskingum r, and by branches of Duck creek, 
a tributary of the Ohio. Surface uneven, and in parts hilly ; 
soil fertile, and adapted to ci>rn, wheat, and fruiu Pine 
and other timber is found on the land, ami bituminous coal 
is extensively distributed. Noble was erected in 1S51. 
Ciipital : Sarahsville. 

NuBLi:, p. v., Noble county, Jnd.: 110 ra. N. by E. 
Indianapolis. 

NouLKBOKOfon, t. and p. v., Lincoln co.. Me. : on E. side 
of Damariscotta r., 23 m. S. E. Augusta. The lumber busi- 
ness and ship-biiilding are carried on extensively. Popula- 
tion 1,40S. 

NoBi,!'. Centre, p. o., Branch co., Mich.: on N. side of 
Fawn r., 71 m. S. S. W. Lansing. 

NoBLR Iron Works, p. o.. Noble county, Ind.: 112 m. 
N. by E. Indianapolis. 

NoBLESTowN, p. V., Alleghany co., Penv.: on a branch 
of Charlier's creek, 170 m. W. llarrisburg, 10 m. S. W. 
Pitlsitiurg. 

NoBLKSviLLE. p. V., sUi., nud cap. Hamilton co., Lid.: on 
E. bank of W. fork of White r., 20 m. E. N. E. Indianapolis, 
on the Peru and Indianapolis R. K. It contains the court- 
house, a fine county seminary, several hotels, and numer- 
ous slijfes, four churches. ''The Plaindealer'* (neut.) is 
published weekly. Pop. 2.000. 

NoBSCCE Point Light, Mass. See Lic.nT-norSES. 

NocnwAV, p. 0., liandoljih county, Ga. : ISO miles S. "W". 
Milledgeville. 

Nodaway county. Mo. Situate N. W., an<i contains 7*20 
sq. m. Drained by Little Platte r. and its branches, tribu- 
taries of the Missouri river. Surface generally even; soil 
a deep, dark loam, and fertile. It has snme good timber. 
Farms 241 ; manuf. 3; dwell. 325, and pop.— wh. 2,043, fr. 
col. 0, si. 70— total 2,118. CapiUd: No.laway C. II. 

Nodaway, p. o.. Page co., Itt.: 2J0 m. "W. S. AV. Iowa 
City. 

Nodaway, p. v., Andrew county. Mo.: 180 m. N. W. 
Jcflfersim City. 

Nodaway river, la. and Mo. : rises in Adair oo.. Mo., 
flows S. through Adnnis and Page counties; then passing 
into N. W. corner of Mo., falls into the Missouri r. between 
Holt and Andrew counties. 

NoKi.'s, sta., Hanover co., Mrg. : on Virginia Central Tl. K., 
33 m. from Itielnnoiu!. 

Nokay river. Benton co., Minn.: rises in a chain of 
lakes, flows S. "W., and empties into Mississippi r. at Fort 
Gaines. 

Noi-ANT)"s river, Navarro co.. Tea:. : rises in the Cross 
Timbers, flows mainly in S. direction, and enters Bnizos r. 
above Fort Graham. 

NoLANo's Ferry, p. o., Loudon county, Tlrg. : 112 m. N. 
liichmond. 

NoLAssviiXE, p. o., Bell co.. Tex.: on Noland's cr. of 
Leon r., 02 m. N. by E. Austin City. 

NoLKN'sviLLE, p. v., WilUamson co., TeJin.: IS m. S. E. 
Nashville. 

NoucncTCKY river, JV. Car. and 7>nn. : rises in Yancey 
CO., iV. Car., flows W. through the Blue Kidge, and enters 
French IJroad r., 8 m. N. W. Newporl. 

NoLiN. p. v., Hardin co., Ay. .* 93 m. S. W. Frankfort, 
502 



Noun creek, Ky.: rises in Hardin and La Hue eounties, 
flows S. W., forming the boundary between Grayson and 
Hart counties, and empties into Green r. near Brownsville, 
Edmondson county. 

No Man's Land island. Dukes co., J/J/.s/*. .• lies off S. "W. 
end of M.artha's Vineyard, 4 m. S. Gay Head. It consists 
chiefly of a mass of rocks. 

NoMiNY Grovk, p. o., Westmoreland co., Virg.: 51 m. 
N. E. Klehniond. 

NoN CoNKEa, p. o., Fayette co., Tenn. : 156 m. W. S. W. 
Nashville. 

Nonpareil, p. o., Knox county, Ohio: 36 miles N. E. 
Columbus. 

Norfolk county, Mass, Situate E., and contains 350 
sq. m, Drained by the Charles and Neponsett rivers and 
their atfluents. Surface uneven, and in parls rocky; soil 
generally fertile and well cultivated. In Quincy a fine 
granite quarry is found, the products of which are carried 
down to the Neponsett r. by a railroad 3 m. long, the first 
built in the United States. Tliis co. has many important 
manufactures. Farms 2,037; mnnuf. 906; dwell. 13,545, 
and pop.— wh. 78,601, fr. col, 2=31— total 7S,S92. Otpitnl: 
Dedham. PuhUe Works: Norfolk County E. R. ; Old 
Colony It. E. ; Boston and Providence B. B. ; Fall River 
II. R.; Boston and Worcester B. E.; South Shore R. K. ; 
and numerous branebes, also the Now Tork, New Haveo, 
and Boston (air line) R. R., now in progress. 

Norfolk county, Virg. Situate S. E., and contains 430 
sq. m. Drained by Elizabeth and Pasquotank rivers. Sur- 
face level; soil moderately fertile. Indian corn is the chief 
agricultural product It contains the greater portion of the 
Dismal Swamp, Commerce is by far the greatest intere.«t 
of the county. Farms 64S; manuf. 175; dwell. 3,90(5, and 
pop.— wh. 20,370, fr. col. 2.266, si. 10,400— total 33,03ii. 
CapiUd : Norfolk City. Public Workfi : Sea-board and 
Roanoke R. R. ; Petersburg and Norfolk R. E. ; Dismal 
Swamp Canal, etc. 

Norfolk, t and p. v., Litchfield county, Conn.: 36 m. 
"W. N. W. Hartford. Surface of t. mountainous; soil grav- 
elly lf)am, and slony. Drained by Blackberry river and 
branches. Contains several mills, tanneries, and factories. 
Pop. 1,&41. 

Norfolk, t and p. v., St. Lawrence co., 2^. Y. : on Racket 
r., lOJ m. N. N. W. Albany. Surface of t undulating; soil 
rich loam. The v. is situated at a fall in the river which 
affonls great water-power, used by several mills, etc. Pop. 
of t. 1,753. 

Norfolk, p. b., port of entry, and cap. Norfolk county, 
Virg. : on the N, E. bank of Elizabeth r., at the confluence 
of its two branclie-s, 8 m. above Hampton R>ads, 32 m. 
from the ocean ; SO m. S. E. by E. Richmond. Lat. N. 
36° 50' 50"; long. W. 76° IS' 47". This is tiie chief com- 
mercial port in Virginia, and is remarkable for its harbor, 
which is very accessible, spacious, and deep enough for tho 
largest vessels. Its site is on low and marshy ground, and 
formerly unhealtby, but is now provided with sewers, and 
kept clean. The streets are generally irregular, though 
some are wide, straight, and neat. The houses arc not re- 
markable for elegance, but many of them are substantial 
buildings. It contains a court-house, jail, fine markei-house, 
custom-house, an athen.Tum. with a library, academy, orphan 
asylum, 8 banks— capital $991,000, some good hotels, and 
8 churches. The cemetery, ornamented with cypress trees, is 
very lienutifully laid out and adorned. Norfolk is chiefly dis- 
tinguished as being the principal naval station in the United 
States, having the finest navy yard, dry dock, and naval 
hospital in the nation. The navy yard is on the W. side of 
the r. at C.osporL The dry dock Is con^trueied ■dT hewn 
gr.anite, and cost $974,53fi. At this station is the ship Penn- 
sylvania, built at Philadelphia, and launched in 1S37, four- 
decker, the largest in the navy, mounting 129 guns, which 
is here used as a rreeivlng ship. The hospital is on a point 
directly opposite Norfolk, very large, commodious, and 



NOR 



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hcallluly siluated. A nrival officer is stationed at this port. 
The t"l:il Umnage of Norfolk district on ?Oth June, 1850, 
was 24.135 tons, of which 10.M2 were registered, 13.593 
were enrolled and licensed. Of req;istered tnnnagc 3,144 
tons were permanent, and 7,39S tons temporary. Of the 
enrolled and lieensed tonnage 12.351 were permanently 
employed in the coasting trade ; 1,354 tons were propelled 
by steam ; 1,242 tons were licensed under 20 tuns. During 
the year ending June 80, ISoD, the total number of clear- 
ances for foreign countries was 140, tons 2(»,7fi5, men in 
crews 1,163 ; t<jlal number of entrances from foreign coun- 
tries 74, tons 14,2S1, men in crews CS4. Vessels built during 
the year 6, total tonnage, 60S. Norfolk is connected hy llie 
Sea-board and Koanoke K. K. (from Porlsnioutli lo WeldoTi, 
N. C, 80 m.), with the great hne of K. R. on the Atlantic 
coast. A railroad from Petersburg to Norfolk is in construc- 
tion. A line of steamships plies seuii-wcekly to New York. 
Four daily newspapers are published at Norfolk: '"Bea- 
con," (neut). "Argus'' (dem.), "Courier" (neat.), "N. and 
P. Herald" (whig). Each of the^e issue tri-weekly editions. 
Pop. in lS4f), 10.920 : in 1S50, 14,320. 

NoHMANSKiLL, A'! Y. .' Tises in Schenectady co., flows 
S. E. through Albany co., and empties into Hudson r. at 
Bethlelicni. 

NoRRtDGEWocK, t, p. V., and cap. Somerset co., 3f?. : on 
Keimebec r., 2s m. N. Augusta. The v. on the N. baidc of 
the r. in the bend is very pleasant, having broad streets 
lined with flno trees ; contains the co. I)uikiing9, church, 
and acailemy. A bridge across tlie r. eonnecls it with S. 
Norriilgewoek. This t. is noleri in history as tlie seat of the 
JJorridgewock Indians, and for a French Jesuit mission. 
Pop. 1,84S. 

NocRis Cheek, p. o., Lincoln co-, Ttnn. : GG m. S. by E. 
Nashville. 

NoRRisTOWN^, p. v.. Pope CO., Ark.: on N. bank of 
Arkansas r., GG m. N. W. Little Rock. 

NoitniST-iWN, p. v., Carroll co., Ohio: 102 m. E. N. E. 
Columbus, 

NoRuiSTOWN, t., p. b., and cap. Montgomery CO., Penn.: 
on N. hank of Schuylkill r.. SO m. E. Harrisburg. Surface 
of t. level; soil red shale, and fertile. The Schuylkill has 
here been dammed so as to create an immense water- 
power, and is used by extensive manufacturing establish- 
ments. A fine bridge here spans the Schuylkill, which cost 
$32,000. The Norristown and Phihadelphia R. R. connect 
these places 17 m. distant. On the opposite side of the river 
passes the Philadelphia and Reading R. R. Here also are 
the locks of the Schuylkill Navigation Co., around which 
and the railroad dep6t is a small village. 

NoRRiToxviLLE, p. V., Montgomery co., Pfijiti.: 84 m. E. 
Harrisburg. 

North river. St. John's eo.. Flor. : a small stream run- 
ning p.^ratIel with the Atlantic coast, emptjing into St. 
Augustine harbor. 

NoRTii Acton, p. o., York county, 3Te.: 63 m. S. W. 
Augusta. 

NoRTn Adams, p. v. and sta., Berkshire co., J/irt,?. ; on 
Hoosac r., 103 m. W. N. W. Boston. Here terminates the 
N.Adams and Pittsfleld R. R.. 20 m. from Pittsfield. It 
contiuns3 churehea; 1 bank, capital $lS.i,000; and num«T- 
0U.S factories moved by water-power from Hoosac r. The 
principal manufactures are cotton goods and woolens. 
The Troy and Boston R. R. will pass through this place. 

North Adams, p. o., Jefferson county, 2f. Y. : 146 m. 
N". W. by W. Albany. 

North Adams, p. o., Hillsdale county, Midi.: 56 m. S. 
Lansing. 

North Adrian, p. v., Lenawee co., Mich. : 60 m. S. P. E. 
Lansing. 

North Albany, p. o., Oxford co., Jf^. .* on Crooked r., 
61 m. W. Augusta. 

North Almond, p. o., Alleghany co., M Y. ; 273 m. 
W. by S. Albany. 



North Amherst, p. v., Hampshire co., Mass. : 76 m. W. 
Boston; contains several stores and manufactories. 

NoRTu.vMPTON couoty, X. Car. Situate N. E.. and con- 
Uiins 4S0 sq. m. Dramed by branches <)f Meherrin r. in the 
N. E., and of Roanoke in S. W., which rivers form its bound- 
aries in the directions indicated. Surface even and diversi- 
fied ; soil very fertile, and there is some good pasture lani 
Coltiin. Indian corn, and tobacco are the chief productions. 
Farms G4-t; mauuf. 7; dwell. 1,341, and pop.— wh. 5,994, 
fr. col. 830, si. 6,511— total 13,335. Capital: Jackson. 
Puhlic Works: Petersburg Pt. R. ; Sea-board and Roan- 
oke R. R. ; Greenville and Roanoke R. R.. etc. 

NuRTHAjiPTos county, Penn. Situate E., and contains 
418 sq. m. Drained by Lehigh river and other small streams, 
tributaries of the Delaware. Surface uneven and hilly, and 
is pleasantly diversified with fertile valleys ; soil exceedingly 
fertile, and produces large crops of wheat, Indian corn, 
potatoes, etc. Fine and other timber is founil on the land. 
Its manufactures are extensive, an<i great attention is paid 
to agriculture. Farms 2,102 ; raanuf. 424 ; dwell. 6.836. and 
pop.— wh. 40.099. fr. col. ] 36— total 40.2:55. Capital: 
Easton. Puhlic M'orks: several railroads from Easton west- 
ward are projected. 

Northampton county, Virg. Situate S. on the eastern 
shore, and contains 410 sq. m. Drained by nuuierous small 
creeks falling into Chesai)eake Bay an.l the Atlantic Ocean. 
Surface low and level; soil generally fertile. Chii.'f produc- 
tions, Indian com and potatoes. Farms 376; ni.anuf. 11; 
dwell. C93. and pop.— wh. 3,105, fr. col. 745, si. 3,648— total 
7,49S. Capital: Eastville 
Nortiiajupton, Peoria co., PI. : 77 m. N. Sprinsfleld. 
Northampton, t., p. v.. and cap. Hampshire co., Maxs.: 
on W. bank of Connecticut r.. 81 m. W. Boston. Lai. N. 
420 19' 9", long. W. 72° 38' 15". Surface of t. pleasantly 
diversified; soil very fertile and well cultivated. The 
scenery of this t. is celebrated as among the most Iieautifol 
in New England. The v. is irregularly but hauilsomely 
laid out, and contains many handsome dwellings and 
grounds. The public county buildings are handsome, sub- 
stantial structures. There are 2 banks, with cap. of $400,000, 
A fine stream, passing through the centre of the t.. afforda 
good water-power to several manufactories of cotton goods, 
sewing silk and ribbons, woolen goods, etc. On an eleva- 
tion W. of the v., called Round Hill, is an extensive water- 
cure establishment. A fine bridge, 1,080 feet Ions, crosses 
the Connecticut r. to Hadley. Mount Tom. in this t.. 1.214 
feet high, and Mount llolyoke, on E. side of the r., 83<t feet 
high, are much visited for the delightful prospects alTorded 
of Connecticut valh-y. The "Hampshire Gazette" (whig) 
and '• N. Courier" (fr. soil) are published weekly. Churches 
in t.. 8. The Connecticut liiver R. R. passes throush the v., 
17 m. from Springfield. Pop. in 1830, 3,G13 ; in 1S40. 3.750; 
in 1S50. 5.27-^. 

Nokthampton. t. and p. o., Saginaw co., Mifh. : on the 
Shiawassee r., 36 m. N. E. by N. Lansing. Pop. 122. 

Northampton, t. and p. o., Fulton co., JV. Y. : on Sacan- 
daga r.. 3.8 m. N. AY. by N. Albany. Surface of f, nio-itly 
level ; soil sandy loam, of good quality, and well w:it<red. 
Pop. 1,701. 

North Andover, p. v. and sta.. Essex county, JA'sv. .■ on 
Great Pon<l. a small lake, emptying into Merrinia<- river, 
2'i m. N. by AY. Boston. The Boston and Maino R II. and 
the Essex R. R. pass through this v. Great Pond covers 
nearly 500 acres; its outlet affords water-power. 

North Anson, t. and p. o., Somerset co., M-'. : on W. 
side of Kennebec r., and intersected by Seven Mile hrook, 
83 nL N. by AY. Augusta. Pop. of f. 1.168. 

North Appleton, p. o,, AYaldo county, M<\: 27 m. E. 
Augusta. 

North Ap.gyle, p. o., AYashington co., K. Y. : on Mosea 
kill. 44 m. N. N. E. Albany. 

North AsunrBNUAM, sta.. AYorcester county, Ma.^s.: on 
Cheshire E. It., 13 ra. from Fitehbiu-g. 

&o3 



NOR 



NOR 



North Ashford, p. v., 'Windhain county, Conn. : 23 m. 
E. by N. Uarlford. 

N(»RTii Attleboco', p. v., Bristol county, Mass. : 30 m. 
S. S. AV. Boston. Uere are several mauuf actor ies. 

NoKTii Auburn', p. o., Cumberland co., Me.: on "W. side 
of Androscoggin r., 27 m. S. W. Augusta. 

North Augusta, p. v., Des Moines co., la. : on N. bank 
of Skunk r, 63 m. S. by E. Iowa Cily. 

NuiiTu Bangor, p. o., Penobscot co., Me. : on W. side of 
Penobscot r., 6G m. N. E. by E. Augusta. J 

North Bangoe, p. o., Franklin county, 2r. Y.: 154 m. 
N. by W. Albany. 

North Barnstead, p. o., Belknap co., 2f. Jfamp. : 13 m. 
N. E. Concord, 

North BAnRiNGTON, p. o., Strafford county, X. JIamp. : 
23 m. E. Concord. 

NoRTU Bay, p. o., Oneida co., K Y.: 112 m. W. N. "V?". 
Albany. 

North Beckett, p. v. and sta., Berkshire county, Mass. : 
105 miles W. Boston, on "Western llailroad, 37 miles from 
Springfleld. 

NoRTE Belgrade, p. v. and sta., Kennebec co., Me,: 
on W. side of Snow's pond, 12 m. N. Augusta. The An- 
droscoggin and Kennebec K. K. passes through the v., 10 m. 
from Waterville. 

North Belleville, p. v. and sta., Hendricks co., Ind.: 
19 m. W. S. "W. Indianapolis, on Terre Haute and Rich- 
mond R. R. 

North Belmont, p. o., TValdo co.. Me. : 32 m. E. by N. 
Augusta. 

North Beltinguam, p. v., Norfolk county, Mass. : 27 m. 
B W. by S. Boston. 

North Bend, p. v., De Kalb co., AUi-.: on E. side of 
"Wills or., 144 m. N. by E. Montgomery. 

North Bend, p. o.. Stark co., Jiul. : on Tippecanoe r., at 
its greatest bend, 9S m. N. by W. Indianapolis. 

North Bend, p. v., Piatt county, III. : 67 m. E. N. E. 
Springfield. 

North BEN?rrNGT0N, p. V. and sta., Bennington co., Vei-'in. : 
104 m. S. S. "W. Montpelier. Here the Western Vermont 
E. R. connects with the Troy and Bennington R. E. The 
V. contains woolen, cotton, and hardware factories. 

North Benton, p. o., Mahoning co., Ohio: 130 m. N. E. 
by E. Columbus. 

North Bestonsport, Bes Moines co.,7a. ; onN. bank of 
Des Moines r., 65 m. S. S. "W. Iowa City. 

North Beegen,p. o., Genesee co., N. Y.: 223m.W. byN. 
Albany. 

North EernaedstO"wn, p. v., Franklin co., Mass. : SI m. 
"W. by N. Boston. The Connecticut River E. E. passes 
through the t., 42 m. from Springfield. 

North Berwick, t, p. v., and sta., York co.. Me. : 8S m. 
S. "W. by S. Augusta. Drained by a branch of Salmon r. 
The Portland, Saco, and Portsmouth R. R. passes through 
the v., 34 m. from Portland. Pop. of 1. 1,50-3. 

North Bethel, p. o., Oxford co.. Me.: on S. bank of 
Androscoggin r., 41 m. W. byN. Augusta. 

North Blackstone, p. o., "Worcester co., Mass. : 35 ra. 
B. "W. Boston. 

North Blanford, p. v., Hampden co., Mass. : 99 m. "W. 
Boston. 

North Eleniieim, p. o., Schoharie co., X. Y. : on Scho- 
harie r., 87 m. "W. by S. Albany. 

North Bloomfield, p. v., Ontario county, X. Y. : 201 m. 
W. by N. Albany. 

North Bloomfield, p. o., Trumbull co., Oldo: on E. side 
of Grand r., 147 m. N. E. Columbus. 



North Blue Hill, p. o., Hancock co., Me. : 63 m. E. by N. 
Augusta. 

North Booth Bat, p. v., Lincoln co.. Me. : 83 m. S. S.W. 
Augusta. 

Northborough, t. and p. v., "Worcester co., Mans. : 81 m. 
W. Boston. Drained by Assabet river and small affluents. 
Surface moderately even ; soil fertile and well cultivated. 
The t. has considerable manufactures. Pop. 1,535. 

North Boston, p. c, Erie county, iV. Y. : 262 m. W. 
Albany. 

North Branch, p. o., Hillsboro' county, AT. Ilamp. : on 
North Branch r., 23 ra. W. S. "W. Concord. 

North Branch, p. o., Baltimore co., Md.: on N. branch 
of Patapsco r., 16 m. W. Baltimore, 36 m. N. "W. Annapolis. 

North Branch, p. o., Somerset co., N. Jer. : on N. branch 
of Earitan r., 80 m. N. Trenton. 

North Branch, p. o., Sullivan co., AT. 1' ; 69 m. S. S. "W. 
Albany. 

North Bbanford, t. and p. v.. New Haven co., Conji.: 
9 m. N. E. New Haven. Surface of t hilly and mountain- 
ous; soil in S. part fertile. Drained by Farm r. and other 
streams. Pop. 1,013. 

Northbridge, t., p. v., and eta., Worcester co., Mass.: 
35 m. S. W. Boston. Drained by Blackstone and Mumford 
rivers and other tributaries, which afford extensive water- 
power. Surface uneven, and somewhat rocky ; soil fertile and 
well cultivated, particularly in the intervals of Ihe streams. 
The Providence and Worcester E. E. passes through the 
village, 1"2| m. from Worcester. There are several extensive 
manufactories in the t Pop. 2,229, 

Northbridge Centre, p. v., Worcester CO., Mass.: 36 m. 
S. W. Boston. 

North Bridgeton, p. o., Cumberland co., 3fe. : at N. W. 
comer of Long Pond, 51 m. W. 3. W. Augusta. 

North Bridgewater, p. o., Oneida county, jV. Y. : 80 m, 
W. by N. Albany. 

North Bridqewater, t, p. v., and sta., Plymouth county, 
Mass. : 19 m, S. Boston. Drained by Salisbury r. Surfaco 
level ; soil generally fertile, and well cultivated. The Fall 
River E. E. passes through the v. The commercial and 
manufacturing interests are large. Pop. 3,940. 

North Broadalbin, p. o., Fulton county, A'". Y.: 35 m. 
N. W. by N. Albany. 

North Brookfield, t. and p. v., Worcester co., Mass. : 
4S ra. W. Boston. Drained by small streams, with an arti- 
ficial pond covering nearly 800 acres, for hydr.iulic power. 
Surface undulating ; soil fertile, and well cultivated. The 
manufactures are considerable. The Western R. R. passes 
through this t. at East Brookfield, 64 m. firom Boston. Pop- 
ulation 1.939. 

North Brookfield, p. o., Madison co., X. Y. : 84 m. 
W. by N. Albany. 

North Erownsvtlle, p. c, Piscataquis co.. Me. : 84 m. 
N. E. by N. Augusta. 

North Bucksport, p. v., Hancock co.. Me. : on E. bank 
of Penobscot r., 55 m. E. N. E. Augusta. 

North Cambridge, p. o., Lamoille co., Vernu : on N. eido 
of Lamoille r., 31 m. N. N. W. Montpelier. 

North Cambridge, p. o., Washington co., AC Z; 32 m. 
N. E. by N. Albany. 

North Camden, p. v., Lorain co., Ohio: 95 m. N. N. E. 
Columbus. 

North Cvmeeon, p. o,, Steuben county, X. Y. : 192 m. 
W. by S. Albany. 

North Canton, p. v., Hartford CO., Conn. : near Cherry 
creek. 15 m. N. W. Hartford. 



THE STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA. 



IToETH CAp.oi.ntA is situated between the latitudes 38° 50' and 36° SO' nortli, and the longitudes 75° 25' and 84° 80' west 
from Greenwich, or 1© 87' east, and "^ 2^' west from "Waahinglon. It is bounded on the vorth by Virginia ; on the fast 
by the Atlantic Ocean ; on the soiM by South Carolina and Georgia ; and on the west by Tennessee. Presenting a broad 
694 



NORTH CAROLINA. 



ft-ont to the ocean, it gradually contracts in its breadth, and tenninates westward in a narrow strip. Its length from east 
iQ west is about 450 miles, and its breadth in the eastern section from 120 to ISO miles, but in the west diminishing from 90 
to 20 miles; and it haa an area of 45,000 square miles. 

The fiiee of the countrj' presents three distinctive physical conditions. The seaward section is a low plain, coTcred with 
swamps, and traversed by sluggish streams; to this succeeds a belt of undulating country, watered by fresh and rapid 
streams, and in many portions variegated by hills and knolls ; and the westexn section is an elevated table-land. 

The maritime section forms, as it were, a chaos of land and water. The entire coast is lined by low, narrow, sand 
islands, broken at intervals, and forming communications between the ocean and the lagoons which lie between the islands 
and the main land. South of Cape Lookout these inlets are numerous, and the lagoons narrower ; north of that headland 
the converse obtains. ExtensiTe slmals extend from the shore seaward, and render navigation dangerous and uncertain, 
and within the lagoons the bars and banks are constantly changing their position. Furious gales, too, are prevalent, so 
Uiat it is <lifBcu!t for a skillful pilot to avoid the dangers. Ocraeoke inlet is the only navigable pass north of Cape 
Lookout, and this at low tide, even in the main channel, contains only six feet water. Iloanoke inlet, opposite the island 
of that name, is now obstructed, but the pass may again be opened. To the northward, between the mainland and Narrow 
Beach Island, stretching down from Cape Ilenrj', lies Currituck Sound, 50 miles long, and from 2 to 10 miles broad. "West 
of this, running inland, is Albemarle Sound, 60 miles long, and from 5 to 15 broad. lis waters are fresh, and not subject to 
rise and fall from tidal influences, but they are affected by particular winds. These two sounds communicate with Pamlico 
Sound, which lies smith of Currituck, and is SO miles long, and from in to 30 miles wide. Its depth is in general about 
20 feet, but shoals abound within it. It opens to the ocean through Ocraeoke inlet, and is somewhat influenced by the 
tides. The capes, formed by the sand islauds, are the dread of mariners. Cape Lookout and Cape Fear indicate by their 
names the dangers that surround them. But the most formidable headland is Cape Uatteras, the elbow of a triangular 
island forming the seaward limit of Pamlico Sound. Its shoals extend a great distance from the land, and render it one 
of the most ugly projections of the American coast. The whole series of islands which beset this coast are barren and, 
desolate, entirely useless to .igriculliu-e, and are inhabited only by a few hardy fishermen and pilots. 

From the sea-coast, for a distance of 60 or SO miles, the country is perfeclly level, traversal by sluggish and muddy 
streams, and abounding in swamps and marshes. The soil, except along the banks of the streams, where it is sometimes 
fertile, is sandy and barren. The swamps, so numerous in this section, cover an area equal to one-tenth part of the whole 
Slate. The Great Dismal Swamp, partly in this State, and partly in Virginia, is 30 miles long, and from 10 to 12 miles 
broad, extending over a surface of 100,000 acres. In some places it is densely covered with cedars, pines, and cypress, 
and in others is impervious, on account of tall and rank grasses and undergrowths. In the centre is Drummond Lake, 20 
miles in circuit. The soil is covered knee deep with water, and though (inn in some parts, consists chiefly of a soft, yielding 
bog. Similar in its character, and nearly as large, is Alligator or Little Dismal Swamp, on the peninsula between 
Albemarle and Pamlico sounds. There are other swamps further south (Catfish, Green, etc.), usually overgro^Ti like thosa 
spoken of, and equally impenetrable. Many of these have been drained by canaling, and the recovered lands have proved 
excellent for the cultivation of rice and cotton. 

Advancing into the country, its physical aspect becomes more and more changed. ImmciHately beyond the level 
country, the land begins to rise into small hills, stones appear on the surface, and the streams ripple in their courses. A 
litUe further westward, the scene opens in aU the variety of hill and dale that belongs to a ferlile country. For 40 miles 
behind the flat region there extends, as far as the lower falls of the rivers, a belt of land, of a surface moderately uneven, 
with a sandy soil, of which piteb-pine is the natural growth. Above the falls the surface is un<lulated, and still further, 
beyond the Yadkin and Catawba, is an elevated region, forming a part of the great central plateau or table-land of the 
Ilnited States, and lying 1,000 to 2,000 feet above the sea-level, Tlie peaks of the Blue Eidgc of the Alleghanies, which 
hare distinct local appellations, tower high above this. Black Mountain, the highest culmination east of the Rocky 
Mountains, and about 260 feel higher than the loftiest summit of the "WTiile Mountains of New Hampshire, has an elevation 
of 6,426 feet ; Eoan Mountain, the summit of which is a broad meadow, is 6,03S feet high ; Grandfather Mountain is 5,556 
feet high, and Table Mountain has an elevation of 3,420 feet above the sea. Mount Ararat or Pilot Mountain, in Surrey 
County, situated in a comparatively level region, exhibits a striking symmetry of structure ; its form is very nearly that of 
a cylinder, and it is ascended by a path in some places nearly perpendicular. The view from its summit is grand and 
extensive, although its elevation is much inferior to the peaks above named. King's Mountain, another isolated hill, is a 
ridge extending from Lincoln and Cleaveland counties into York district, in South Carolina, and is celebrated as the site 
of a battle, fought in 17S0. Between the several mountains in the western part of the State, the soil is productive, and 
highly favorable to agricultural operations, aud, being well grassed, forms extensive pastures, on which large herds and 
flocks find a plentiful subsistence. 

The rivers of North Carolina, though of goodly dimensions, are not navigable for large vessels. They are, however, 
■well adapted to boat navigation, and in their upper courses supply immense mechanical power, which at a future day will 
be extensively used. As a general thing ihey all have shallow bars, and are frequently interrupted. Many loose them- 
selves in lagoons difficult of access. The principal river, the course of which lies wholly within the State, is Cape Fear 
Kiver. It is, moreover, the only large stream that flows directly to the ocean. The primary constituents of this river are 
the Haw and the Deep, which rise near the northern boundary line, and form a junction at Haywood in Chatham 
County ; it falls over tlie first ledge in the low country at Averasboro' ; at Fayelteville it can be navigated by large boats, 
and above Wilmington it Pirms two branches, which reunite below that to'mi, and hence flows on in a broad, sluggish 
stream obstructed by sand-bars, and difficult of navigation. These defects, however, have been somewhat remedied by 
diminishing the breadth of the river, and by stopping up the smaller outlets, so that the depth of the main channel, as far 
as 'Wilmington, has now from 12 to 13 feet of water. The direction of its flow is south-east, and the length of ita course 
about 230 miles. The main entrance to the river, south of Smith's Island, has a depth of water varjing from 10 to 1-ti 
feet on the bar. The Chowan and Roanoke rivers flow into Albemarie Sound ; the former, which is formed by the union 
of the Meherrin and Nottaway, admits of small vessels to Murfreesboro', and the latter is navigable for the Sound craft a 
distance of 30 miles. Both are navigable for boats to a greater distance— the Roanoke to Weldon, at the fl>ot of the falls, 
75 miles ; and above the falls it affords, with the aid of side cuts, a boat navigation to Salem, 245 miles. The whole length 
of the Roanoke, from the valley of Virginia, is more than 400 miles. The Tar and the Neuse empty into Pamlico Sound. 
The Tar, which in the lower part of its course expands into a wide estuary called Pamlico River, is navigable for vessels 
drawing only S feet of water, to Washington, 30 miles ; and for boats to Tarboru', 90 miles ; and the Neuse, which has a 
longer course, is navigable for large boats to Kingston. The ocean entrances to both these rivers are channels in which 

&05 



NORTH CAROLINA. 



there is only 10 feet water at high tide. The Waccamaw passes into South Carolina, flowing for a considerable distance 
near and parallel with the coast. The Lumber and Yadkin also pass into that State, in whioh they are known as tile 
Little and Great Pedee. The Yadkin is a long river traversing the Slate from near ils northern boundary, and is navig- 
able for boata almost to its source. The Catawba, which rises in the Ulue Mountains, also flows into South Carnlina, and 
there t:ikes the name of the Wateree. From the west^.'rn slope of the same mountains flow New Rivers, the M'atan^a, the 
French Broad, the Little Tennessee, and the Uiwassee, tlie waters of which, cutting through the Iron or Smoky Mount- 
ains, are ultimately carried off. and mingle with those of the Ohio and Mississippi, and join the ocean at a distance of 
1,500 miles from the outleta of the waters rising from the opposite slope of the Blue llidgc, and emptying into the 
Atlantic. 

The geological formation of the State has been scienliflcally examined by Professor Olmslead. Its mineral resources 
are extensive, and as valuable. The low country consists of deposits of sand and clay, similar, and belonging to the same 
age {tei-tinrtj) as those of Eastern Virginia and Maryland. These beds contain few minerals, but abound in shell 
deposila, marl, fossiliferous limestone, coppi-ras, and bog-iron ore. A ledge of micaceous rocks, seen in the ravines and 
river cuttings, forms the Hue which divides the low from the upper country. West of this there is a belt of mica slate, 
chlorite slate, gneiss, and granite, and among the minerals of this section are hcemalitic iron ores (Nash and Johnson 
counties), phiinbago (Wake County), and occasionally soapstone and serpentine. This strip is succeeded by a belt of 
sandstone ninning south-westerly from Granville across the State. Freestones and grindstones are abundant in some 
parts of the formation, which also contains argillaceous iron ore and snme coal measures (Orange, Chatiiain, etc., 
counties). Next to this is situate the great slate formation, about 20 miles in breadth, and running in a direction north- 
east and south-west across the country. W^iihin this district are also found numerous beds of porphyry, soapstone, ser- 
pentina, greenstone, and bone or whetstone slate. After the slate formation there succeeds next another belt of primary 
rocks reaching nearly to the Blue Kidge; and in this is comprised the gold region. Iron ore is also found abundantly 
(Rockingham, Stokes, Surry, and Lincoln couuties) chiefly in the form of the magnetic oxide, and has been extensively 
wrought. 

The gold region of the Atlantic States is broader and more productive in this State than in any other. The gold is 
found in superficial deposits or in rock veins. The system of metamorphie rocks, in which the gold-bearing veins occur, 
have undergone different degrees of change in different localities. While in some parts the original slaty structure is 
preserved, in others the lamination has been partly obliterated, and the texture altered by the evident effects of heat. In 
Bome points there is an intertuingling of rocks of the gneissoid characicr. with such as still retain the slaty structure. In 
certain parts the granitic rocks prevail, and there the auriferous veins have various directions apparently wholly irrespect- 
ive of the general trend of the gold formation. Thus, between the town of Charlotte and the Catawba lliver, and wttbiu 
a circuit of Three or four miles in diameter, are found veins which have been more or less extensively worked, with direc- 
tions running N. 04 E., N. 47 E., N. Si W., N. 2Gi- E., and N. 34 W., so that if these directions were prolonged, they 
would, in some c;ise3, be found intersecting each other at right angles. In regard to the vein stone, in which the aurifer- 
ous particles are found, they differ very widely — in some cases tlie material is an argillaceous slate of a silky lustre, much 
interspersed with minute cubes of pyrites of iron or of copper, or of both, as at the Kussell mine on the Newberry in 
Montgomery County ; in other cases it is partly in qunrtz. and partly in the slaiy walls of the veins, and in others still, it is 
wholly in the quartz, being scarcely at all impregnated with llie precious metal. The materials which exist in the veins 
are either sucli as have been acted on by meteoric influences, and partly decomposed, or, lying beyond the reach of such 
influences, have escaped decomposition, and may be regarded as the true exponents of the deeper vein-stone. These lat- 
ter are in general less rich in gold than the former, chiefly on account of having lost a part of their solid material by 
decoin position. But the tleep ores owe their inferior value, in no small degree, also to the difficulty of extracting the 
gold fioin ils combination, with the sulphurets which near the surface have been reduced l)y tlie combined action of air, 
water, and <ilher materials from the atmosphere. The axis of the golil formation passes in a north-east and south-west 
direction through the counties of liockingliam. Guilford, Davidson, liowan, Cabarras, and Mechleuburg, embracing the 
section of I'olh sides of tlie Blue Ridge, and extending eastward beyond the Yadkin. 

Thai gold is an important product of this State, admits of no question; the region in which it is found is very extensive. 
The principal mines are Anson's, Head's, and Parker's. The first named is in Anson County, and has yielded richly, but 
on account of the ownership of the land on which it is situated being in disjmte, operations have been retarded. Read's 
mine is in Cabarras County, and was the one first wrought; large masses of the \irgin metal have at several periods 
been dug up, and pieces weighing 400, 500, and 600 pennyweights are met with. On one occasion, a mass weijrhing '23 
pounds avi'irdiijwis in its crude state was exhumed. Parker's mine is situated on a small stream four miles south of the 
Yadkin. Thi: metal is here found chiefly in flakes and grains ; but lumps of con^^idcrable size — one weighing 4 pounds 
11 ounces avoinlupoh— have been dug up. In the mining districts, gold contained in a goose-quill forms a currency, its 
value being fixed by weight, Tlie larger pr)rlion of the jiroducts of the mines is bought up by dealers at from 90 to 91 
cents per pennyweight, and much is carried to the mint at Charlotte for coinage; but Ibe returns i)ublished by that insti- 
tution by no nieans indicate the value of the mines, as a considerable quantity finds ils way to the manufacturer, and the 
banks receive no small moiety of the whole in deposit. 

The eoal region of North Carolina, chiefly in Chatham and Moore counlies, and along the Yalley of Deep River, so far 
as examined, occupies a space fifteen miles in length, and from five to six in width, throughout which area the deposits 
of this mineral are itnmetise and of every variety— bituminous, scmi-bituminnus, and anthracite, and Professor Johnson 
has piorioimced them to be of the best qualities. Th.: imlications are, he adds, that the deposits are at le.isl thirty miles 
in leniith, and comprise an area of one hundred anil flfiy square miles. The m-'nn thickness of the beds is said to he 
seven an*! a Iialf feet, a greater depth than any similar deposit in lingland. Coal is also found in other districls. Iron 
ore \i foimd in juxtaposition wilh the coal measures of Deep River, overlying the co:d. These discoveries have led to 
mucii sper.-ulation, and it is said that in a few years the result will be an inflow of capital and prosperity to the SUite equal 
to thai now enjoyed by Pennsylvania. 

The climate of North Carolina is much inflnenced by the divci-sified character of the surface; no single description 
would apply to the whole Stale. The we.<*tiTn section, where the land is elevated and tra\'crscd by high ranges, is much 
cooler limn the s^a-boanl section, and the interior has a climate piirlakiiig of both extremes. The winters throughout the 
State, however, are nnieli less rigorous than f.trlher north. The atmosphere in (he hilly and in the lower mid<IIc region 
is pure anii salubrious, and the heats of sunnner are in these tempirel by the coolness of the nishls: but in the low 
country, near the coasts, the summers arc hot and sultry, and the air unhealthy and loaded with miasms. The annual 
59G 



NORTH CAROLINA. 



average range of {he thommmeter at the Univcrsily at Chapel Hill is 56° Fakr., the greatest heat being 96°, and the 
lowest 10°. Willi a mean teininnUure of 59.07. Peaches bl'-ssorn in February, and the first frost occurs generally in 
October. The average number of rainy »iuys iu the year is ninety-eight, of cloudy days three hundred and thirly-three, 
and of clear <lay9 only thiriy-iwo. 

The pine-f.irests of Norlli Carolina cover nearly the whole eastern section. In the plain of the low country this tree ia 
almost Ihe exclusive natural growth, and aitains here a nnicli fuller development than in the Slates farther north ; in the 
swumpsit grows to an enormous bulk, and Ihe moisture of the atmosphere loads the trees with a long spongy moss, which 
bangs in clusters from the limbs, atid gives the forests a singidar appearance. Cedars and cypresses are also abundant in 
Uie swamps. These forests conlribult greatly to tiie general wealth, and furnish not only lumber for exportation, but 
also nearly all the resinous matter used in thi? United States. In the elevated parts of the Slate the timber growths are 
the oak. elm, walnut, cherry. lime, etc., and the maple, poplar, and some others, are in<ligenous in every section. The 
while-oak trees found here are well suited for making staves, being taller and more free from knots than the northern 
variety. Several valuable medicinal plants also grow spontaneously, as the ginseng, snake-rool, etc., and the bottoms are 
overgrown with canes, Ihe leaves of which continue green throughout the winter, and afford a grateful food for cattle. 
Grapes, plums, and blackberries are among the in<iigeuous fruits. 

Norlh Carolina is divided into seventy-nine counties, the general statistics of which, and the capitals of each, in 1850, 
were as follows: 



Cumilips. 


Dwell. 


Pop. 


Fnrm9 
ill cult. 


Alamance. . 


..1,516 


.11,444 


. 923. 


Alcxantler . 


.. S2r 


. 5.220 


. 683.. 


Anson 


..1,106 


.13,4S9 


. 675. 


Ashe 


..1,407 


S.777. 


.1.253.. 


Bcautbrt 


..1,60.3 


.13.816 


. 594.. 


Bertie 


..l.OTO 


.12,851. 


. 542.. 


Bladen 


..1,005. 


. 9,767. 


. 486.. 


Brunswick .. 


.. TTl. 


. 7,272. 


. 385.. 


Buncombe . . 


..1,942. 


.13,425. 


.1.105.. 


Burlie 


.. 953. 


. 7.772. 


. 373.. 


Cabarras 


..1,290. 


. 9,747. 


. 875.. 


Caldwell.... 


. . 920. 


. 6,817. 


. 866.. 


Camilen 


. . 770. 


. 6,049. 
. 6,803. 
.1.5,269. 


. 679.. 


Carteret 


.. 972. 


. 208.. 


C.-iswell 


.. Slo. 


. T07.. 


Catawba 


.1,237. 


. 8,S62. 


. 957.. 


Cliathani . . . 


..2.210. 


.18,449. 


.1,633.. 


Cherokee ... 


..1,020. 


. 6,S8S. 


. 459.. 


Chowan 


.. 613. 


. 6J2I. 


. 844.. 


Clevelariil... 


..1..526. 


.10..390. 


. 961.. 


Columbus .. . 


.. 777. 


. 5,909. 


. 399.. 


Craven 


..1.S42. 


.14,709. 


. 883.. 


Cnnitierland 


.2..531. 


.20,610. 


959.. 


Currituck ... 


.. 925. 


. 7,136. 


. 501.. 


I)avids(in ... 


.2,.30S. 


15,.320. 


1,231.. 


Davie 


..1,027. 


. 7,866. 


. 404.. 


Duplin 


..1,419. 


.13.514. 


. 923.. 


Kdfrecnmbe . 


..1,649. 


.17,189. 


. 737.. 


Forsylh 


.1,7.39. 


11,168. 


936.. 


Franklin .... 


.1.115. 


.11,713. 


. 5SS.. 


Gaston 


.1,072. 


8,073. 


724.. 


Gates 


. sso. 


8,426. 


490.. 


Granville ... 


.2,1193. 


21,249. 


1,074.. 


Greene 


. 084. 


6.619. 


872.. 


Guilford .... 


.3,045. 


19,754. 


1,668.. 


Halifax 


.1,7.59. 


16,589. 


868.. 


Ilaywood . . . 


.1,110. 


7,074. 


653.. 


Henderson .. 


. 931. 


6,853. 


418.. 


Hertford.... 


. 831. 


8,142. 


378.. 


Hjde 


. 923. 


7,636. 


293.. 



kS' c,„,i..o,. 


Counties. 


38 


. Graham 


Iredell 


4 


.Taylorsvillo 


Johnson 


32 


.Wadcsboro* 


Jojies 


3 


..lefTer-son 


Lenoir 


73 


. \Va3hinf:ton 


Liuc*iln 


50 


.Windsor 


M-D.iwell.... 


61 


.lilizabelhlown 


.Macon 


SO 


.Smilhville 


Martin 


19 


.Ashville 


Mecklenburg. 


22 


. Morgantown 


Monlijoraery . 


44. 


. Concord 


Moore 


8. 


.Lenoir 


Nash 


15 


.New Lebanon 


New Hanover 


19. 


.Beaullirt 


Nurlhiimpton 


50. 


.YanceyviUe 


Onslow 


8. 


.Newton 


Oransco 


48. 


. Pittslioro' 


Pasquotank . . 


5. 


.Murphy 


Perquimans. . 


23. 


.Edeiiton 


Pi-rauu 


16. 


.Shelby 


Pitt 


5. 


.Whitesville 


Kandolph.... 


67. 


. Newbern 


Kichmond ... 


105. 


. FayelteviUe 


Kobeson 


0. 


.Currituck 


Kockiugham . 


IS. 


.LcxiiiLTlnn 


Uowan 


87. 


.Mocksville 


Uutherlord ... 


67. 


. KenansviUe 


Sampson 


14. 


.Tarboro' 


Slanly 


SO. 


Winston 


SO.kes 


25. 


Louisburg 


Surry 


10. 


Dalhis 


Tyrrell 


22. 


Gatcsville 


Union 


65. 


O.\ford 


Wake 


87. 


Snow Hill 


Warren 


65. 


Greensboro' 


Washtnirtnn .. 


4. 


Halifax 


Watauga 


0. 


Waynesville 


A\'ayne 


1. 


Hendersonville 


Wilkes 


20. 


Murfree-slioro' 


Yancey 


6. 


Swan Quarters 





Dwell. 
..1.834. 
.1,704. 
.,440. 
. 702. 
..1,022. 
. 660. 
. 986. 
. 923. 
.1,082. 
,. 902. 
..1.286. 
..1.243. 
r.l,Ss4. 
..1..541. 
. 968. 
.2,186. 
..1,150. 
. SIS. 
,.1,070. 
.1,815. 
.2,612. 
. 949. 
.1,513. 
.1,698. 
.1,842. 
.1.8:33. 
.1,582. 
. 946. 
.1,268. 
.2,797. 
. 635. 
.1,423. 
.2,844. 

905.. 

670. 

669., 
.1,676.. 
.2,060., 
.1,322.. 



Pop. 

.14.719 
.13,726 
. 5.033 
. 7.823, 
. 7.746 
. 6..346. 
. 0..3S9, 
. 8.3117, 
.1-3,914. 
. 6,872. 
. 9,842, 
.10,667, 
.17,668, 
.18,335, 
. 8,283. 
.17,065. 
. 8,950. 
. 7.331. 
.10,781. 
.13,397. 
,15,832. 
. 9.818. 
,12,820. 
.14.495. 
.13.870. 
.18,660. 
,14.585. 
, 6,922. 

9.206. 
,19.443. 

8,1.33. 
,10,051. 
24,887. 
18,912. 
, 5,666. 

3,400. 
13,486. 
12,099, 

8,205. 



in, lilt, 

.1.006., 
.1,002., 
. . 240.. 
.. 362.. 
.. 711.. 
, . 5118.. 
. . 6.31.. 
.. 510.. 
..1,030.. 
.. 6(1.. 
.. 718.. 
.. 718.. 
.. 659.. 
.. 644.. 
,. 349.. 
.1,082.. 
,. 580.. 
. 605. 
. 684. 
. 684. 
.1,173. 
. 496. 
.1,112. 
. 717. 
.1,070. 
. 959. 
. 94S. 
. S15. 
. 691. 
.1,603. 
, 210. 
. 877. 
.1,410. 
. 543. 
. 444. 
. 442. 
. 608. 
.1,097. 
. 970., 



2S..State9ville 
lfl2..Smithfleld 
14.. Trenton 

17. .Kington 
61. .Lincolnton 
29.. Marion 

18. .Franklin 
17..Williainston 
16.. Charlotte 
14.. Troy 

4. .Carthage 
24.. Nashville 
lS6..Wiln'ington 

7.. Jackson 
27. .Onslow 
17..Hillsboro' 
11.. Elizabeth City 
. 21.. Hertford 
. 17. .lioxboro' 
. 41. .Greenville 
. 41...'\shboro' 
. 1 . . llockingham 
. 10. .Lumberton 
. 43..Wentworth 
.108..S!ilisbury 
. 28..Kutherfordton 
. 63. .Clinton 
. 10.. Albemarle 
. 34..Danbury 
. 4S..i:ockf.>rd 
. 41.. Columbia 
. 9.. Monroe 
. 56.. Raleigh 
. 20..Warrenton 
. 24.. Plymouth 
. 1.. Boone 
. 69 . . Waynesboro' 
. 9..Wilke9horo' 
, 10..BurnsviIlo 



The whole number of dwellings in the Slate, at Ihe above date, was 105,542; of families, 106,028; and of Inhabitants, 
868,903: viz., whiles 652.464— m.ale3 272,309, and females 280,095; Indians, 831— males 420, and females, 411; free col- 
ored, 27,196— males 13.226, and females 13,970; slaves, 288,412. Of the whole population there were, deaf ami dmnb 
— wh. 351, fr. col. 4, si. 52— total 407; Uind—wh. 387, fr. col. 23, si. 117— total 632; insane— wh. 462, fr. col. 5, si. 24— 
total 491 ; and idiotic — wh. 604, fr. col. 32, si. 138 — total 774. The number of free persons born in the United States was 
677,750, the number of foreign birth 2,524, and of birth unknown 217. The native population originated as follows: Me. 
68, N. Hamp. 20, Verm. 27, Mass. 251, R. I. 59, Conn. 272, N. York 40-i, N. Jer. 134, Penn. 665, Del. 90, Md. 6.35, Dist. of 
Col. 28, Virg. 10,833, North Carolina 556,248, S. Car. 4,430, Ga. 844. Flor. 54, Ala. 131, Mis.s. 57, La. 14, Tex. 6, Ark. 1, 
Tenn. 2,047, Ky. 141, Oh. 48. Mich. 2, Ind. 67, IU. 23, Mo. 3:1, la. 3, Wise. 4, Calif. 0, Territories : and the foreign pop- 
Illation was composed of persons from- England 394, Ireland 567, Scotland 1,013, Wales 7, Germany 344, France 43, 
Spain 4, Portugal 12, Belgium 1, Holland 4, Turkey 0, Italy 4, Austria 2, SwiUerland 3, Russia 8, Denmark 6, Norway 
0, Sweden 9, Prussia 19, Sardinia 0, Greece 0, China 2, Asia 0, Africa 2, Erilish America 30, Mexico 2, Central America 
4, Soutli America 3, West Indies 37, and other countries 5. 

fi97 



NORTH CAROLINA. 



The following table will show the decenuial progress of the populalion since Ihc first census of the Slate taken by the 
United States authorities : 

Colored Peraong. Decennial Increase. 

Census White , ' ^ Tiit.il , • _^ 

rears. Persons. Free. Slave. Tuul. Po[iul,aion, Numerical. Percenl. 

ir90 283,204 4,975 100,572 105,5iT 8!(3.T51 — .... — 

1800 387,764 7,II4S 133,'296 140,844 4"S,Hi3 84,352 21.3 

ISIO 370,410 10,-2i)6 1CS.S24 179,090 555,500 T7.397 .... 16.2 

1820 419,200 14,612 205,017 219,6-29 63S,S29 63,329 .... 15.0 

1S30 472,843 W.-'JiS 246,601 265,144 737,987 S9,15S .... 1.5.5 

1840 4S1,870 22,7.32 245,S1T 263,549 753,419 15,452 .... 2.1 

1850 552,464 27,196 288,412 815,608 865,903 115,484 .... 116.3 

— the total of 1850, including 831 Indians, not otherwise accounted for. 

Tlie statistics of the products, industries, wealth, and institutions of the State, according to the census of 1850 and othei 
official returns referring to the same period of time, are as follows : 

Occupied Za?id8, etc. — Improved farm lands, 5,453,977 acres, and lands attached to farms unimproved, 15,543,010 
acres— together valued in cash at ?67,;9I,766. Whole number of farms mider culUvallon on the 1st June, 1850, 50,916. 
Value of farming implements and machinery, $3,931. .532. 

Live-stock:— Horses 148,693, asses and mules 25,259, milch cows 221,799, working oxen 87,809, other cattle 4-81,402, 
Bheep 596,249, swine 1,812,313 — in the aggregate valued in cash at $17,717,647. The census of 1S40 returned the following 
numbers : horses, mules, etc. 166,603, neat catlle ot all kinds 617,371, sheep 633^79, and swine 1,619,716. 

P/'oi^uciso/Aimiite.— Wool, 970,733 (in,1340, 625,044) pounds; butter, 4,146,290 pounds; cheese, 95,921 pounds ; and 
the value of animals slaughtered during the year, $5,767,866. 

Grain Crops.— "W beat, 2,130,102 bushels ; rye, 229,568 bushels ; Indian com, 27,941,051 bushels ; oats, 4,052,078 bushels ; 
barlej', 2,735 bushels ; and buckwheat, 16,704 bushels. The crops, according to the census of 1340, were : wheat, 1,960,8.55 
bushels ; rye, 213,971 oushels • Indian com, 23,893,763 bushels ; oats, 3,193,941 bushels ; barley, 3,574 bushels ; and buck- 
wheat, ^5,391 bushels. Thus, excepting the barley and buckwhea crops, the increase in the decade has been liberal. 

Other Food Crops. — Eice, 5,465,363 (in 1840,2,820,333) pounds; peas and beans, 1,534,2.52 bushels; potatoes — sweet, 
5,095,709 bushels, and irish, 2,735 bushels. The potato crop of 1839 amounted to 2,609,239 bushels. 

Miscellaneous Crops. — Tobacco, 11,954,736 pounds : ginned cotton, 73,349 bales of 400 pounds ; h.ay, 145,662 tons ; clover- 
seed, 576 bushels; other grass-seed, 1,275 bushels; hops, 9,246 (in 1340, 1,063) pounds; hemp — dew-rotted, tons, and 
water-rotted, 3 tons; flax J93,796 pounds; flax-seed, 33,196 bushels; silk cocoons, 229 (in 18H), 3,014) pounds; maple sugar, 
27 932 pounds; molasses, i04 gallons; beeswax and honey, 512,239 pounds; wine, 11,053 gallons, etc. Value of orchard 
products, $;J4,.34S, and of market-garden products, $39,402. 

The following table e.xhibits the actual and comparative quantities of the principal staples produced in the year 
preceding the censuses of 1840 and 1850: 

Ctovs. 1840. 1850. Decennial MoYeraent 

p,iee 2,820,833 pounds 6,465,368 pounds incr. 2,645,430 pounds, or 93.8 per cent 

Potatoes 2,609,239 bushels 5,093,444 bushels incr. 2,489,239 bushels, or 95.4 " 

Tobacco 16,772,859 pounds 11,934,736 pounds deer. 4,737,573 pounds, or 23.5 " 

Cotton 51,926,190 " 29,539,600 " rfecr. 22,336,590 " or 4.3.1 " 

Hay 101,369ton3 146,662 tons incr. 44,293 tons, or 48.7 " 

rilx'.'::::::::'.::'.} ^'«""*" ■.'.".'.::] 693,-96'po'unds :::::: }*'^'--2i.52s>,m pounds, or 97.3 " 

•Vrine 28,752 g.allons 11,053 gallons deer. 17,694 gallons, or 61.2 " 

ITome-made manufactures were produced to the value of $2,036,522. The same quality of products, according to Iho 
census of 1340, were valued at $1,418,242. 

3/((?(u/(/ctK?'<'S.^Aggregate capital invested, $0,000,000; value of all raw material, fuel, etc., used, $0,000,000; average 
number of hands employed, 00.000— males 0,000, and females 0.000 ; average monthly cost of labor, $000.000— male, 
$000,000, and female, $00,000 ; tolal value ol products for the year ending 1st June, 1350, $0,000,000. The whole number 
of manufactories producing to the value of $500 and upward annually. 2,-523 ; and of these 23 are cotton factories, 1 woolen 
factory, 151 tanneries, and 26 iron works, viz., 5 making castings, 2 pig iron, and 19 wrought iron. The total capital 
employed in manufactures in 1340 was $3,333,900. 

Cotton manufactures employ a capital of $1,059,300; annual consumption of cotton, 18,617 bales; value of all raw 
material, $581,903: average hanrls emijioyetl, 1,619— males, 442. and females, 1,177; entire wj\ges per month, $12,369 — 
to males, $6,158, and to females, $7,216; annual products, 2,470,110 yards of sheeting, etc., and 2,267,000 pounds of yarn — 
in all v.alued at $381,342. Capital invested in 1340. $995,S00, and hands employed, 1,219. Annual value of products, $4;33,900. 

Woolen manufactures employ a capital of $18,000 ; annual consumption of wool, 30.000 pounds ; value of all raw ma- 
terial, $18,960; number of hands employed, "8— males 40, and females 83; entire wages per month, $1,635 — to males, 
$1,099, and to females, $686 ; annual products, 340,660 yards of cloth, valued at $33,750. Capital in 1340, $9,300 ; hands, 4. 

Tanneries employ a capital of $251,055; value of raw material, etc., consumed, $191,237; hands employed, 373; 
monlhly wages, $5,295 ; tanned— 24,035 skins, and 155,610 sides of leather, valued at $352,535. Capital in 1340, $271,797 ; 
hands, W5 ; tanneries, 353. 

In the manufacture of 7nnlt and spirituous liquors the capital invested is $21,930 ; quantities and kinds of grain, etc., 
consumed— corn, 64,650 bushels, and rye, 4,700 bushels ; hands employed, 75 ; quantity of liquors produced— whisky and 
high wines, 163,080 gallons. 

The iro7i manufactures are represented in the following tabular statistics ; 

P|.ecific«tions. Pi- Iron. Cnstlron. Wrnnglit Iron. Total. 

Capital invested dollars.... 25.000 11,500 103.000 189,,'JOO 

Ore used tons 900 — 4,650 5,550 

Pigironused " — 192 — 193 

Coke and charcoal bushels.... 160,000 6,375 857,900 514,275 

598 



NORTH CAROLINA. 



Specificationa. 

Value of all raw material, etc dollara . . 

Hands employed numlier . 

Entire monthly wages dollars . . 

Iron produced tons 

Value of entire products dollars . . 



P(g Iron. 

27,900... 

.31 . . . 

230... 

400... 



Cast lr^.n. 

... 6,:J41.. 

15. 

... 852. 

... 17-2. . 



12,500 12,SC7 



inglit Iro 

25.114.. 

1S7. 

1,^68, 

850. 



. C4,:)55 
, . 233 
. . 2,450 
,. 1,422 
CC,9S0 92,347 



— Capital in iron manufactures in 1S40, $94,!)G1 : hand.i, 463. There are also in the State several machine shops, hardware 
factciries, soap and candle manufactories, iiotteries, carriage manufactories, etc., and numerous grist, saw, flour, and other 
mills, which, in the aggregate, make up a respectablo manufacturing industry in a State so much devoted to agriculture 
as is North Carolina. 

Comvurw, X'uvigation, f*?.— North Carolina, in the year ending 80th June. 1S50, exported to foreign countries mcr- 
clandise, etc., to the value of $416,501, and imported goods to the value of J82.3,692. Of the exports (all of wliich were 
of domestic origin), to the value of ,f 259,616 was c.nrried in American, and to $156,883 in foreign bottoms; and of the 
imports, to the value of $179,249 was carried in American, and to .$144,4*3 in foreign bottoms. The entrances and clear- 
ances in the same year were as follows ; 



Natiun-ilily 
American.. 
Foreign . . . 



ESTEA>'CE8. 
Vesseis. Tonnage. 

140 19,185.. 

43 9,115.. 



28,300. 
20,670. 
2,664'. 



Total 1S3... 

■Wilmington US... 

Kewbern 23... 

Edenton — ... 

Camden 22... 

Beaufort 4... 

■Washington 9 I.IIS 

Plymouth 12 1,205 



2,170. 
473. 



CI.EABA1«CES. 
Nationality. Vessels. Tonnafje. Crewi. 

American 212 30.739 1,396 

Foreign 62 11,493 803 



Total 274.. 

Wilmington 175. 

Newberu 30., 

Edenton 1. 

Camden 29. 

Beaufort 6. 

Washington 11. 

Plymouth 22.. 



1,899 

1,315 

183 

6 

170 

34 

65 

126 



The total shipping owned in the State at the date specified was 45,218 tons, of which 14,9.32 tons were registered, 27.535 
tons enrolled and licensed, and 2.751 tons licensed (under 20 tons.) All enrolled and licensed shipping was employed in 
coasting, and of this 8,226 tons were navigated by steam-power. The whole of the licensed tonnage was also em])Ioved 
in coasting. The tonnage of the several districts was — Wilmington 15,198 tons, Newbern 5.208 tons, Washington 5,703 
tons, Edenton, 1,145 tons, Camden 11,948 tons, Beaufort 2,260 tons, Plymouth 2,328 tons, and Ocraeoke 1,428 tons. The 
number of vessels built in the several districts was 33, v\z., 1 ship, 2 brigs, 23 schooners, 3 sloops, and 5 eteamers, and 
their tonnage 2,652. Of the whole number 4 (4S3 tons) were built at Wilmington, 8 (867 tons) at Newbern, 1 (34 tons) 
at Washington, 5 (256 tons) at Edenton, 9 (693 tons) at Camden, 3 (206 tons) at Beaufort, and 3 (114 ti>ns) at Plymouth. 
Tile statistics of the foreign commerce of the State for a series of years — 1791 to 1S50 — exhibit the following movements 
in tlie values of exports and imports. 

Imports. Year. Fiports. Imports. 

. $797.976 $ 

. 489,219 

. "97.:3.58 

. 312.446 

.1,01.3.942 



V.^nr. Exports. 

1791 $524,548.. 

1792 627.900.. 

1793 305.414.. 

1794 321,587.. 

1795 492,161.. 

1796 671,487.. 

1797 540.901.. 

1798 537.810.. 

1799 485.921.. 

ISOO 769.799.. 

1801 874,884.. 

1S02 659,.390.. 

1803 952,614.. 

1804 928.687.. 

1805 779.903 . 

1806 789,6115.. 

1807 745,162 . 

1808 117,129. 

1S09 822,994.. 

1810 408,949.. 



Year. 

1811.. 

1812.. 

1813.. 

1814.. 

1815.. 

1816. 

1817,... 

1813.... 

1819.... 

1820.... 



.1,328,7:«. 
. 9.i('i,580. 
. 948.2.V3. 
. 047,736.. 
. 808,319.. 
1821 400.944., 



1822. 
1823., 
1S24. 
1825., 



385,951. 
482,417 . . 
,"^5^.733. 
6,M.390. 



1826 581,740 

1827 449,237 

1S28 ,'>23,747 20.8,016 

1829 564,.-.06 2>3,347 

1330 399,.333 221,992 



Year, 


Kxporls. 


Imports. 


1831.... 


...$341,140.... 


... .tl9G,:356 


18.32.... 


.... 842,041.... 


... 215,184 


1S:;3.... 


.... 433,0:35.... 


... 198,753 


liU.... 


... 471,406.... 


... 222,473 


1S:M.... 


... 319,.327.... 


... 241.931 


1836.... 


... 429,851.... 


... 197,116 


1837 


... 651,795 


. 271 6''3 


18.38.... 


... 545,223.... 


... 290,405 


1839.... 


... 427,926.... 


... 229,2:3s 


1340.... 


... 887,484.... 


... 252,532 


1841.... 


... 88.3,056.... 


... 22O,:360 


1842.... 


... 344,660.... 


.,. 187,404 


1843.... 


... 171,099.... 


... 110,976 


1844.... 


... 298,401.... 


... 209,142 


1845.... 


... 879,960.... 


... 230,470 


1846.... 


... 414,.39S.... 


... 242,859 


1847.... 


... 284,919.... 


... 142.3.84 


184S.... 


... 840,028 


... 19.1.814 


1849.... 


... 270,076.... 


... 11.3,146 


1850.... 


... 416,601.... 


... 82:3,693 



InUnial Improvem^ntn.—Gtetii efforts are bcinjj made in this State to build up a system of railroads between the in- 
terior and the sea-board, and also to connect Ihe railroads of North Carolina witli those of the adjoining? States. As yet, 
however, the only through line is the Weldon and Wilmington K. K. at Weldon. uniting with the Petersburg K. E., run- 
ning north, and the Sea-board and Koanoke R. R. to N'Tfolk, and at 'Wilmington with the Wilmington and Manchester 
E. E., which forms a connection with the South Carolina railroads. The Norlh Carolina Central R. E., ninning from a 
point above Goldsboro', on the Weldon and Wilmington R. R., through Raleigh, Uillsboro', Greensboro', Lexington, and 
Saiislmry, forms a junction with the South Carolina system at Charlotte, and this road will probably be extended from its 
eastern terminus to Beaufort. A railroad has long been in operation from Gaston, on the Roanoke, to Raleigh, at wliich 
latter point it connects with the central an»i at Gaston with the Greenville and Roanoke E. E., which leaves the great 
Southern line at liicksford. The total length of completed railn>a»l in this State on the 1st Jan.. 1853, was 249 miles, or 
in tlie propt.rtion of one mile to every IS square miles of territory. Tho only canals in use within the State are the Dis- 
mal Swamp Canal aud its north-west braueh, which are used chiefly for Imuberiug purposes, and Uarlow Canal, extend- 

S99 



NORTH CAROLINA. 



In^ from the Neiise to Beaufi>rt. Important improvements are also contemplated in Deep and Cape Fear rivers, so as to 
make Ihera an outlet for the mineral wealth nf their vicinities. 

^«7i A-*.— According to the bank r^-tiirns of November. 1S50, there were in the Stat« 5 banlis and 15 braneli banks, the 
SS^regiile condilion of which, at that period, was as follows: Liahilities — capital. $7,7>9,250; circulation, $4.'24'.>.0*^ ; 
dei)osits. $942.09S; due other banks, $6l',Gs2 ; all other liabilities, $4,S2o ; and ««aWs— loans and discounts, $G,05(;,7S3; 
stocks, $150,000; real estate, ;fl27,S0G, oilier investments, $lS.7So; due by other banks, $1,074,794; notes of other banks, 
$4S3.947 ; and specie, $1,045,028. The Bank of Cape Fear, located at Wilmington, has branches at Asheville, Kayetteville, 
Greensboro, Kaleigh, Salem, Salisbury, and Washington, and the Bank of the State of North Carolina, at llaleigh, has 
branches at Charlotte, Elizabeth City, Fayetteville. Milton, Morgantown, Newbern, Tarboro', and Wilmington, Banka 
besides these are also established at Fayetteville, Wadesboro', Washington, Wilmington, and Newbern. 
Government^ etc.- — The government of the State is based on the constitution of 17SG. as amended in 1S35. 

The right of sitffrage is allowed to every free white man, 21 years old, an inhabitant of his district 12 months preceding 
an election, and owner of a freehold within the same for six months. Such may vote for senators, but in voting for repre- 
sentatives, the freehold qualification is not needed, if the voter has paid taxes. But no descendant of a ni-gro, to the 
fourth generation, though one ancestor in each generation be white, is to be accounted a while man. The general elections 
are held biennially on the 1st Thursday in August. 

The Leg i slat lire is composed of a House of Commons and a Senate. Members of the House of Commons (120 ia 
number) must have resided in their respective counties one year, and have owned for six months next before their 
election 100 acres as freehold, and are chosen biennially, not less than one in each county. Senators (50 in number) are 
chosen biennially in districts set off on the basis of taxation, and must be possessed for the same time of 300 acres therein 
in fee. An apportionment of both houses was made in 1S51, and apportionment will be made every twenty years there- 
after. The General Assembly, thus constituted, convenes on the third Tuesday in November biennially. No si)ecial law 
shall be passed to alter the name of any person, to legitimize bastards, or to restore to citizenship persons convicted of 
infamous crimes ; but general laws for these purposes may be passe<I. 

The Governor is chosen by the persons qualified to elect members of the house for two years (but no such elected per- 
son shall serve more than four years out of any six years) by a plurality of votes, or in case of an even vote by the two 
houses of the General Assembly on joint ballot. An Executive Council of State, consisting of seven councilors, shall be 
chosen at every regul.ar session, who shall keep a journal of their proceedings, open to the General Assembly. The gov- 
ernor may lay an embargo for thirty days, with the consent of the council. If the office of governor be vacant, it is lo be 
filled by the Speaker of the Senate, and he failing, then by the Speaker of the House of Commons. No clergyman, while 
in the exercise of his duties as such, shall be a member of the council. 

Among the miscellaneous provisions of the constitution, are the following: Every foreigner who comes to settle may 
take take the oath of allegiance and hold real estate. Judges of the Supreme and Superior courts are appointed by joint 
ballot of both houses, an<f may be removed for mental or physical inability upon a resolution of two-thirds of the mem- 
bers thereof. Their salaries shall not be diminished during their terra. Mo person icho shall deny the being of a God 
or the truth of the Christian religion^ or tiie divine autJwrity of tJie Old or Mew Testa^nent^or who slmllhold religious 
principles incompatible icitJi t?he freedom or safety of the State, shall hold any civil office. 

To anie7id th£ constitutiony a convention of the people may be called by a rote of two-thirds of the members of both 
houses. Amendments, if agreed to by three-fifths of the members of each house, shall be published six months before the 
next election ; and if approved by two-thirds of both houses, shall be submitted lo the people ; and if approved by a ma- 
jority of votes of the voters qualified to elect members of the House of Commons, shall be adopted. 

Ih-d judiciary consists of a Supreme Court, Superior or Circuit courts, etc. The Supreme Court consists of a chief- 
justice and two associate justices, the attorney -general, a reporter and two clerks, one at lialeigli, and one at Morgan- 
town. This court holds three sessions in each year — two in the city of Kaleigh, on the 2d Monday in Jvme and the last 
Monday in December; and one at Morgantown, on the Isl Monday of August, for the western part of the State, and con- 
tinues to sit at each term until all the business on the docket is determined or continued upon good cause shown. It has 
power to hear and determine all cases in law or equity brought before it by appeal or by the parlies; and has original and 
exclusive jurisdiction in repealing letters patent, and has also power to issue all writs necessary and proper fur the exer- 
cise of its jurisdiction. The Superior or Circuit courts are composed of one judge and solicitor in each circuit ; these are 
courts of law and of equity, and are held twice a year in each county of the State. There are seven circuits, of about ten 
counties each, which the judges ride alternately, never visiting, however, the same circuit twice in succession. The 
judges of these courts have c<tmplete equity jurisdiction. 

The militi<t of North Carolina is composed of 79,443 men of all grades, of which number 4.2G7 are commissioned 
officers, and 75,1S1 non-commissioned officers, musicians, artificers, and privates. Of the commissioned officers, 2S are 
general officers, 133 general staff officers, 657 field officers, etc., and 3,449 company officers. Every white male citizen, 
between the ages of IS and 45 years, unless exempt by law, is liable to military duty. 

The charitable and henevol^nt Inatitutionii supported by the Slate are the North Carolina Institution for the Instruction 
of the Deaf and Dumb, and the Asylum for the Insane. The foundation stone of the Institution for the Deaf and Dumb 
was laid on the 14th April, 1S4S. It is located at Raleigh on a plot of four acres, and near the Stale-Ui>use. The Lunatic 
Asylum is not yet commenced. The legislature of 1S50 imposed a tax of one cent and three-quarters on every one 
hundred dollars-worth of land, and five and a quarter cents on every taxable poll per annum for fuur years to raise a 
fiind for building an institution of this description— taxes which are expected to yield $80,000 in the time specified. The 
legislature, also at the same session, passed a bill authorizing an agricultural, mineralogical, and botanical survey of the 
State. The surveyor, whose appointment rests with the governor, is required personally or by his assistants, '* lo visit 
every county of the State and examine every thing of interest or value in either of the above departments, to a-sctTrlain 
the nature and character of its products, and the nature and character of its soil, as well as to give an account of its 
minerals." 

Pithlic Debt, Finance^t etc. — The receipts from all sources for the year ending 31st October, 1S50, amounted to 
$219.00G 47, and the expenditures in the same year to $228,173 24— being an excess of expenditures over receipts of 
$9,1C6 77. The chief sources of income are the public taxes, bank taxes, interest on railroad bonds, income (Vom interest 
in railroads, etc. ; and the principal objects of expewditure are executive, legislative, and judicial expenses, public print- 
ing, interests on investments, repayments of loans, etc., election expenses, public library, etc. North Carolina, properly 
speaking, has no public debt; it has, however, a contingent liability, which arises ft-om its endorsement by the State 
600 



NORTH CAKOLINA. 



of bonds of railroad companies to the amotiiit of H.lOO.dOO, but from this must be de.IiiL-tc«l $1;{,0(10 for bonil^ not used 
and $110,000 for bomis paid, which roducfs the anmiint for wliich Hie 8tate may be liable, Uy $971,000. Since the above 
date other liabilities have been assumed fur the prni^ressing railmads. The valuta of n-al and personal estatt- of ih'? inhab- 
itants of North Carolina, including the value of ilave property in ISoO, was assessed at $212,071,213. True valuation, 
$226,300,472. 

Federal nepresenUiUon.^'^orWi Carolina, in accordance with the law of 23d May, 1S50, is entitletl to eight represent- 
atives in the Congress of the United Stales. 

Ikbication.'-Me^oTQ the Revolution, literature was hardly known in this State, much less a subject of rullivalinn. TIilto 
were in the province at the end of tlic royal govi-rninetit, only two schools in operation, one at NewhtTii and one at 
E'lenton. The eonstitulion of 177fj, directed that ''a school or schools shall be established by the Iciiislatun' for tho 
convenient instruction of youth, with such salaries to the masters, j)aid by the public, as may enable tlu-ni Ui inslruct at 
low prices; and all useful learning shall be duly encouraged and promoted in one or more univi-rsiLies." Till within late 
years, however, no system of free schools was introduced throughout the State. Liberal provision was made for tlie 
purpose in 1S25, by the creation of a school fund. This fund now amounts to nearly half a million dollars, besidi-s the 
income of stock held by the State in several railroads, the proceeds of the sale of swamplands, and the tract acquirt-d from 
the Cherokees in the south-west. In order to ap[>ly these funds, a Board of Literature was established in lS-i7, to devise 
a plan of common schools; but as yet nothing efficient for the increasing population has been brought to fruiiion. At the 
present time there are some 200 academies, and between SOO and 900 common schools in tlie Stale, at wiiieh from IS.OOO 
to 20,000 youth are annually taught. The principal collegiate establishments in the State are the Tniversity, Davidson 
College, and Wake Forest College. The University of North Carolina is located at Chapel Hill, in Orange Cuuidy, and 
in 1S50 hail a president, 10 professors, and "230 students. It was founded in 17S9, and its alumni numbered 9(54. of which 
about 7o had entered the ministry. It has an excellent library i»ri;i..'}iiLt volumes. In 1>53 a school ui'srieiicc and art wjia 
attaeln.-d to it. In the law department there were, in 1S50, ten students. Davidson College, founded in 1^3>, is situate in 
Mechlenburg County, and in ISoO had 4 professors, (50 students, and a library of about 5.000 volumes. aiMi its alumni num- 
bered 140, of which 24 were in the ministry. Wake Forest College (a Baptist institution) was founded in Isis. and in 
1^50 had 3 professors, and 24 students ; its alumni numbered 11, of which G wero in the ministry, and its library contained 
4,700 volumes. 

ruhlic Libra rie.s.— One State library— 8,000 volumes; S college— 9,401 volumes; 2 students'— S,S4G volumes; 2 
academic and professional— .S.OOO volumes ; total, S libraries, and 24.247 volumes. This account, which is from the census 
of 1S50, diflVrs essentially from the returns of the colleges, and is probably under-rated. 

PfirioiiiaU Press. — The whole number of newspapers, etc., published in the State in 1S50, was 52, of which 24 advocated 
whig principle, and 9 that of the democracy, and 19 were neutral in politics, or devoted to literature, religion, etc. Of the 
whole number, 1 was published tri-weeklr, circulating 340 copies at each issue, or 53,040 copies annually ; 3 semi-weekly, 
circulating S,437 copies, or 399,*iS3 annually ; 41 weekly, circulaling 2S,427 copies, or 1,478,204 annually ; 4 semi-monllily, 
circulating 3,775, or 90,000 annually: and one monthly, circulating 450, or 5.400 annually. The counties in which published 
are — Anson, 1 s.-w. and 1 w. ; Buncombe, 2 w. ; Beaufort, 1 w. ; Caswell, 1 w. ; Chowan, 1 w. ; Cherokee, 1 w. ; Craven, 
2 w, ; Cumberland, 3 w.: Chatham, 1 8.-m.; Edgecombe, 1 w. ; Guilford, 1 w. and 1 m.; Granv411e, 1 w. ; Halifax, 2 w. ; 
Lincoln, 2 w. ; Mechlenburg. 2 w. ; New Hanover, 1 t-w., 2 s.-w., and 3 w. ; Orange, 2 w. ; Pasquotank, 2 w. and 1 s.-m. ; 
Eutherford, Randolph, and Rowan, each 1 w. ; Wake, 1 a.-w., 6 w., and 3 s.-m.; "Wayne, 2 w.; and "Washington and 
Warren, each 1 weekly. 

lieligious Peiiorninations.— The statistics of the several religious denominations in the State, were as follows: 

Dennmina- Nn. of Clmrrli V;*liie ( 



IIOI19. Chiinliea. 


accm. 


Properly. 


tion-t. CImr.I.ea 


, a.tr„„. 


Fr..|.e,ty 


t '■ c, 


ir,l,ei, 


»,.■„,„, 


l'r,.|M.„y. 


Baplist 6T3 .. 


195,727 . 


. $201.44S 


German Eef. 15 . 


5,72S . 


$17,2110 


R. Catholic. . . 


4 . 


1,4110 .. 


.J5,900 


Christian 29 . . 


ll.GuO . 


. 10,675 


Jewish — . 


— . 


— 


Swedi-nbo'n . 


_ . 


— .. 


— 


Congrogat'I. . — . . 


— . 


— 


Lutiieran ... 47 . 


— . 


. 29,025 


Tnnkcr 


1 .. 


200 . 


100 


Dulcli I'.ef. . . — . . 


— . 


— 


Mennonite . . — . 


— . 


— 


diinn 


4 .. 


1.200 .. 


650 


Episcopal ... 47 .. 


14,970 . 


. 112,100 


Methoilist... 727 . 


19.5.50 . 


. 2S4,930 


Unitarian 


— .. 


_ . 


_ 


Free 61 .. 


14.545 . 


. 15,860 


Moravian ... 7 . 


214,937 . 


. 84,000 


Universalist... 


— .. 


— . 


— 


Friends 30 . . 


12.020 . 


7,575 


Presbyterian 14.3 . 


8,000 . 


. 170,030 


Minor Sects. . 


— .. 


— . 


— 



— making a total of 1,67^ churches. ha\ing accommodation for 55^.204 persons, and valued as property at $?S9.393. The 
Btatc forms the Protestant Episcopal diocese of North CaroUna, and is a constituent portion of the Roman Catholic diocese 
of Charleston. 

Paupei-i^w. — The whole number of persons relieved or supported during the year ending 1st -June, 1S50, was 1.931, 
of which number 1,913 were native-born and 13 foreign-born ; and the whole number receiving support at the date speci- 
fied was 1,5-iO ; viz., 1.567 native-born and 13 foreigners. The cost to the public amounted to $60,085. 

Uistor-ical SkeU-h, — The first English settlement in North America was made in I5S5 on Roanoke Island, in this State. 
The patron of the infant colony was Sir Walter Raleigh, to whom Queen Elizabeth granted, in 1534, a patent for such 
lands as he might discover in America, "not possessed by any Christian people." The same year he dispatcbcl two 
small vessels to make discoveries, ami these dropped their anchors early in July in Ocracoke inlet. The adventurers 
l.an<ied on an island near Roanoke, called by the natives Wocoeon, where they were received with every mark of hospi- 
tality. After visiting the neighborhood they relumed to England and gave a highly favorable account of the climate and 
soil. The name of Virginia was bestowed upon the country, and Raleigh's patent was confirmed by act of Parliament. 
Sir Walter sent out at once, under Ralph Lane as governor, the colony above mentioned. Soon, however. Indian hr»stili- 
ties, provoked by the tyrannical behavior of the leaders of the colony, were commenced, and much suffering from this 
cause, as well as scarcity of provisions, was endured by the adventurers. They became discouraged, and flrudly returned 
home. A few days after their departure, a ship, under Grcnville, arrived, and learning the destination of the colonists, 
left 15 men, with provisions for two years, t*:) keep up the settlement. 

Undeterred by his first failure. Raleigh sent out another colony in 15S7, with orders to settle on Chesapeake Bay, whcro 
they were to build the projected "City of Raleigh." The new colonists, however, were jmt ashore at Ro.-moke. They 
found no trace of Grenvi lie's men. who had probably fallen under the wrath of the Indians; an<l scarcely Ii.-mI they 
themselves landed than they were engaged in combat witli the natives. Their governor, White, returned to England Ibr 
Bupplies, but owing to the troubles consequent on the Spanish invasion of England, he was detained from revisiting iho 

D4 61^1 



NORTH CAROLINA. 



colony until the autumn of 1590. On arriving, he found the site of the settlenwnt inclosed by a strong palisade, but not a 
colonist remained, and to the present day their fate has been a eubject of conjecture. Thus ended Kaleigh's attempt to 
colonize Virginia. 

Early in the reign of Charles T. (1630) a tract of land south of the Chesapeake, designated as Carolina, was granted to 
Bir Robert Healh.but as he planted no colony on it the grant was revoked. Out of the same territory Charles II. formed, 
in 16C3, the province of Carolina, and conveyed it by charter to eight royalist noblemen of England. This charter, as 
amended in 1G65, defines the limits of the province to be the 29th parallel of north latitude on the south, the Pacific on the 
west, the Atlantic on the east, and on the north the parallel of 36^ 30' — afterward and now better known as the Missouri 
Compromise Line. The grantees were made proprietors of the soil, and were intrusted with powers of jurisdiction over 
the colonists. 

Already previous to this conveyance, settlers had located in the northern part of the province, and for some years 
refugees from Virginia had been coming, a few at a time, into the neighborhood of the Sound afterward called Albemarle, 
in honor of General Monk, whose ducal title was such. A little colony had also been planted by adventurers from New 
England near the month of Cape Fear Kiver. The soil, h(>wever. proved sterile, and the colony dwindled slowly away, 
and wouUl have totally disappeared, had not some planters from Barbadoes, under Sir John Teamans, removed thither in 
IGOiS, and formed the settlement of Clarendon, by which the few remaining New Englanders were rapidly absorbed. 
These new settlers supported themselves with difficulty by shipments of boards, shingles, and staves. Gradually, by nu- 
merous migrations southward, the colony again became reduced, until at length, before 1690, it was entirely exhausted. 
The proprietaries in 1670 sent out emigrants under the command of William Sayle to form a new settlement, to be called 
the County of Carteret, The colonists located themselves first at Port Royal, South Carolina, but they soon removed, and 
formed a settlement between Cooper and Ashley rivers, which they called Charleston. Sayle dying next year, Sir John 
Teamans was appointed governor of Carteret, the southern province. Thus there wero in 16T1 two permanent settle- 
ments in Carolina, Albetnarle and Carteret, and these two constituted the nuclei of North and South Carolina as now 
existing. 

At the request of one of the proprietors, the celebrated John Locke framed a scheme of government for the whole 
province of Carolina. "The Grand Model," as it was called, though complete of its kind, was too complicated, if not too 
monarchical for an infant colony, yet the proprietaries adopted it as the fundamental law of the province, and such for 20 
years it nominally remained. As a matter of fact, however, it was never brought into operation, though the governor of 
each district of the province strove hard to comply with its requisitions, in spite of the continued and ultimately success- 
ful opposition of the colonists. 

The settlement at Albemarle was augmented by accessions from Virginia, New England, and the Bermuda islands; 
"William Drummond was appointed first governor, lie was succeeded by Samuel Stevens, under whom were enacted the 
first laws of the colony, by an assembly composed of the governor, the council, and twelve delegates. Every encourage- 
ment was given by these laws to whomsoever proposed settling in the colony; bounty-lands were granted at a moderate 
quit-rent (id. per acre") ; taxes could be imposed only by consent of the assemi>ly ; and religious liberty was promised to 
members of every Christian denomination. Intestine commotion, proceeding partly from discontent with the "Model 
System," and partly owing to a general feeling of restlessness prevalent sometimes in new otilonies, soon disturbed the 
peace and welfare of Albemarle. The Culpepper and other rebellions distinguish this period. This discontent and tur- 
bulence were not remove*! until the arrival (1695) of John Archdale, one of the proprietors, as governor, invested with 
nnusually extensive powers. Sagacious, and possessed of rare prudence, the Quaker Archdale succeeded in reducing 
both iimvinces to comparative order. During the preceding period, North Carolina had received a decided check to her 
prosperity. Many fied the country. At the beginning of the troubles, the province contained 1,400 taxable inhabitants — 
in 1694, 7S7 were all that could be found within its limits. Under Archdale, the colony began again to flourish. Settle- 
ments were made (160S) on the Pamlico River, upon the Tar and the Neuse,and Bath County was set off" to the southward. 
Rice and tar, two of the staples of North Carolina, began now to be ex'ported ; churches were for the first time erected, 
and religion began to receive the support of the authorities, given, however, in an illiberal and sectarian spirit, inconsist- 
ent with the promise to the first colonists. The Episcopalians had a majority in the legislature, and failed not to use their 
power to the repression of all dissenters. The Carey rebellion now disturbed the prosperity of the colony, whieh was not 
quelled till several engagements had been fought and much blood spilt. Meanwhile the province was involved in a 
general war with the Indians. Since the settlement of Albemarle, until this time, uninterrupted peace had existed 
between the whites and Indians. As the settlement increased, however, the Indian began, not without reason, to fear for 
his future safely. 

In lT<i7 a colony of Tliiguenots had removed fVom Virginia and settled on the Trent, and in 1709 a colony of Ger- 
mans from Heidelberg and vicinity founded the settlement of New Berne (Newbern) at the confluence of the Trent 
and the Neusc; they received a liberal grant from the proprietaries, and it was the surveying of these Innda that 
led to the Indian outbreak. Regarding tliese surveys as encroachments on their independence, the Tuscaroras seized 
the surveyor-general and put him to death, and an immediate attack was also made on the white settlements south of 
Albemarle Sound. Other tribes joining the Tuscaroras, the war became general. All Carolina did not at that lime con- 
lain 2.000 men capable of bearing arms ; yet when assistance was sought from the southern province, it was at once 
obtained. The Indians were worsted in several actions, and finally compelled to take refuge in a fort near the Neuse. 
Here they would have been forced to surrender at discretion, but the commander of the colonists concluded with them a 
hasty and disadvantageous peace, and shortly afterward hostilities were renewed. The situation of the colony now be- 
came truly critical; aid was again sought of the neighboring provinces, which was granted. The war was prosecuted 
with vigor, and in 1713 the power or the Tuscaroras was completely broken ; and having emigrated to the North, the 
tribe confederated with the Senecas and other tribes, which afterward became the "Six Nations." The other hostile 
tribes soon after submitted to the rule of the victors, and in 1717 peace was finally concluded. The sufferings of the colony 
during the Carey rebellion and the ln<lian war were extreme. Not a few settlers abandoned their homes altogether; and 
notwithstanding the new accessions and the natural increase of the population, the number of taxable inhabitants in 171,7 
di<l not exceed 2,000. 

For some time after this period the country was demoralized by the imposition of a worthless succession of governors. 

In July, 1729, the king purchased for £17,500 seven-eighths of the whole province ; the remaining eighth wn.** retaineil by 

Lord Carteret, and was laid off for him (not, however, till 1740) adjoining the Virginia line. Previous to this the Iiound- 

wy between the two had been settled upon its existing basis. The spirit of anarchy and resistance to legal authorHy, 

602 



NORTH CAROLINA. 



hitlierto prevalent, was now brought more under control ; still justice and obedience to the laws were by no means 
universal. 

Durino; the Indian troubles paper money had been issued by the Assembly, but although gradually sunk by taxes, it 
depreciated. In 1729, £40,0U0 were issued, and in 1734 £10,000 additional. Depreciation went on, until in l"3f) the rate 
was seven and a half for one of sterling. This depreciated currency the Assembly attempted in 1T3S to circulate, by 
making it a legal tender for quit rents. In the disputes that ensued, the governor, who was opposed to paper money, 
dissolved two successive assemblies. Other acts, equally unjust and impolitic, were passed at Tarious times, nor was ihe 
governor wholly free from the imputation of irregular and partial administration. Tbfse, and other adverse circum- 
stances, as M'CulIoch's speculation in crown lands, the breaking out of hostilities between Euglan<i and Spain, by which 
the Carolinas were involved in war with the Spanish settlements of Florida, retarded in no small measure the progress 
of the colony. In spite of all, however, the increase in inhabilants was decidedly rapid. During Johnstone's adminis- 
tration, three distinct and extensive settlements were made: one chiefly by Presbyterians from the north of Ireland, who 
settled in Carteret's lands in the north-west; another by Moravians, who obtained from Carteret a grant of 100,000 acres 
between the Yadkin and Dan; and the third by a large body of Highlanders, chiefly from Argylcshire, for whom land 
had been purchased by their leader, Neal M'Neal, near the present Fayetteville. All these colonies were successfully 
established, and their numerous descendants inhabit the State at this day. 

Notwithstanding every effort at conciliation, unfriendly Indian tribes, especially after Braddock's defeat (1755), har- 
rassed the western frontiers. Among those tribes the Cherokees were foremost in committing depredations; they, as 
well as the upper Creeks, by whom they had been joined, were finally ii:)rced to sue for peace. Differences between the 
governor and legislature also at this time existed, and the dissatisfaction was constantly increasing. To allay it, "William 
Tryon, a military officer, was sent out, who subsequently himself became governor. Tryon (1705) found the colony rest- 
less and unquiet. Many were ripe for open rebellion. But the new incumbent ruled with a steady hand, and maintained, 
the laws. Early in his administration the dispute between England and the colonies began. lie managed for a time to avoid 
a collision with the Assembly, but at length, when that body declared (4th November, 17G9) against the right of England 
to tax North Carolina, he dissolved it. Previous to this, however, the country was dislracted by a formidable insurrection 
of the so-ealled "Regulators;" neither property nor life was safe from their violence. Tryon at length (1771) raised a body 
of troops and marched against these disturbers, who were chiefly poor and uneducated men, but led on by wily, political 
anarchists. Encountering ihera near Great Allamance, 3,000 strong, he attacked them with his 1,0*10 militia, and gained 
a decisive victory. After their defeat the insurgents in general took the oath of allegiance. In the following August 
Tryon, who, on the whole, had been a popular ruler, was succeeded by Josiah Martin. One of his first acts was the set- 
tlement of the boundary line between North and South Carolina. Disputes soon arose between him and the Geutral 
Assembly, and the trouble was increased by the persistence of England in her policy of taxing the colonies. The 
governor sided with the cro^Ti, as also did the Regulators, whom he had the meanness to conciliate by the detraction of 
Tryon, but the remaining inhabilants generally adopted the cause of the colonists. 

Norlh Carolina, in spite of tlie Governor's opposition, was represented in the first Continental Congress (Sept. 1774), 
and its delegates joined in adopting the Declaration of Colonial Rights. The Provincial Congress approved of their pro- 
ceedings, and appointtd delegate's to the next. An association fofthe defense of colonial rights was also formed, and the 
citizens of Mechlenburg County even went so far (May 21, 1775) as formally to declare their independence of the British 
connection. Alarmed at the progress of the disaffection, the Governor retired (July) on board a ship of war in Cape Fear 
Eiver. The revolution in North Carolina was now complete. A State Convention was formed (20th Augiist), and the 
raising of three (afterward five) regiments of troops authorized, and all were taken by Congress into Continental pay. 
The Tory influence, however, "was strong, especially among the Regulators, and attempts, which failed, however, were 
made to form a junction wilh General Clinton, who was on the coast, waiting for reinforcements fl-om England prepara- 
tory to making a descent upon tlie country — S50 of them were captured and made prisoners. Four more regiments were 
now ordered to be raised. Clinton, though reinforced, despairing of local assistance, sailed away to the attack of Charles- 
ton. In April succeeding (177ti), the Convention taking the lea<l, authorized their delegates in Congress to join with other 
colonies in declaring independence. On the 4lh July that independence was solemnly declared. Meanwhile the Chero- 
kees. in league with the British, ravaged the western frontiers. Promptly met by a strong force from the Carolinas and 
Virginia, they were subdued, and forced to surrender to their conquerors a large tract of country, including the yet infant 
Bettlements on the Tennessee. The territory apportioned to Norlh Carolina was erected into the Diatrict of Wa-shinfftum^ 
the original province being now (since December 18th, 1776) a State, having a regular government Settlers were en- 
couraged to locate in the District, lands being granted at the rate of £2 10.s\ per 100 acres. 

In 1779 the Southern States were the chief scene of the Revolutionary "War. In May, 17S0, Charleston surrendered to 
the British, and within a month all South Carolina was in possession of the victors. The loyalists at once flew to arms; 
of two parties assembled to aid the British one succeeded in reaching the outposts, but the other was dispersed by the 
militia. After the defeat of Gates at Camden (6th August) there was left no organize<l force in either of the Carolinas. 
Cornwallis prepared to make an eruption into the North State — the battles of King's Mountain, of the Broa'l River, of the 
Tyger River, and of the Cowpens followed in quick succession. The mutual animosities of the "Whigs and Tories now 
exhibited itself in savage ferocity. Fort "Watson, Hobkirk's Hill, and Ninety-Six were also the scenes of warfare. The 
fortunes of war had hitherto vacillated ; at one time the State was, to all appearances, subdued, and at another, elated by 
success. On the 8lh September. 1781. the British were totally defeated by General Greene. Soon after the rapture of 
Cornwallis (17th October) "Wilmington was evacuated (January, 17S2), and toward the end of the year peace was declared, 
and the British dominion within the State ended. 

The history of North Carolina, since the Revolution, exhibits few changes and few events of more than ordinary 
importance. During that period she acted with fortitude, and by her great sacrifices in men and money cnntributed 
much to the successful residt of the stniggle. The Legislature acceded to the federal constitution on Ihe 27th N<ivember, 
17s9,by a vote of 193 yeas to 75 nays, and since then the people of no other State have adhered more firmly to the Union. 

Raleigh is the political capital of the State. 



North Caeteb, p. o., Plymouth co., Mass. : 3? m. S. S. E. 
Boston. 

North Castine, p. o., Hanccck co., Me. : M m. E, by N. 
Augusta. 



North Castlk. t. and p. o.. Westehester county, X Y. : 
106 m. S. Albany. Drained by Byram r. Surface of U 
hilly; soil, sandy loam and clay. Pop. 2,139. 

Noeth Castle, t., Schuylkill co., Penn. : 49 m. N. E- 

603 



NOR 



Harrlsbur^. Draitu-d by brandies ot the Schuylkill. Sur- 
fuce hilly and rugged; soil difficult of cultivation. The 
whole region is underlaid with antlir.icite and iron. The 
capital invested in coal mining, in 1S50, was $503,500, and 
JUe value of the annual products was ^331,314. 

Noimi C1IA1ILE3T0WN, p. V. aiul sla., Sullivan county, 
jv: I/.imj). : on Connecticut r. : « m. W. by N. Concord ; 
]3 ni. from Dellows Falls by Sullivan K. It. 

NoKTH CiiATu.iM, p. V., BamstaWe CO., 3iass. : T3 m.S. E. 
Boston. 

NoBTii Chatham, p.a, Clinton CO., Petin. : 93 m. N. N.W. 
Ilarrislnirg. 

NoBTH CuATHAM, p. T., Columbia co., X. Y.: on E. side 
of Kinderlioiik cr., 15 m. S. S. E. Albany. 

NoETB CnEt-MSFORD, p. V., Middlesex co., Muss.: on the 
S. side of Merrimac r., 24 m. N. W. Boston, on the line of 
the Nashua and Lowell E. E., 4 m. from Lowell. Uere is a 
very large iron foundry. 

NoETii CnEiJiEA, p. V. and sta., Suffolk co., Mass. : 4 m. 
N. N. E. Boston, on Eastern E. It. 

NoETii CUEMCSG, p. 0., Chcmung county, 2!: T. : 153 m. 
•W. S. \V. Albany. 

NoKTii CiiESTEE, p. 0., TVindsor county, Venn. : 6S m. S. 
Montpelier. 

NoETO Cbestek, p. 0., Hampden co., Muss: % m. W. 
Boston. 

North Chesteetille, p. o., Franklin co.. Me.: 23 m. 
N. W. Augusta. 

North CnlcnESTEK, p. o., Merrimac co., X JIamp. : 8 m. 
E. N. E. Concord. 

North Chili, p. o., Monroe co., K. Y. : 21C m. W. by N. 
Albany. 

Noetb Claresce, p. o., Erie county, Al 1'. ■• 2.3S m. W. 

Albany. 

NOETH Claeen-dox, p. V. and sta., Rutland CO., Term. : 
on Oticr cr., .'>3 ni. S. S. W. Monlpelier, and 3 m. S. E. from 
Eutland, by Rutland and Burlington E. E. 

NoEin Claeksos, p. o., Monroe county, X. Y. : 224 m. 
■W. by N. Albany. 

NoKTii CoHASsET, p. V., Norfolk county, Mass. : 14 m. 
a E. Boston, by the South Shore ItaUroad, 22 m. from 
Boston. 

North Conociox, p. o., Steuben co., X. Y. : 200 m. W. 
Albany. 

NoETH Colebeook, p. o., Litchfleld Co., Conn. : 23 m. 
N. W. by W. Hartford. 

North Colllss, p. o., Erie county, X. Y.: 257 m. W. 
Albany. 

NoBTK CoxwAv, p. 0., CarToll county, X. Ilamp. : 5S m. 
N. N. E. Concord. 

North Concord, sla., Merrimac co., X. Ilamp. : 5 m. N. 
Concord, on Boston and Montreal E. R. 

North Cove. p. o., M'Dowell county, X. Car. : 156 m. 
W. by N. Ealeigh. 

North Creek, p. o., Laurens district, S. Ciir. : 63 in. N. W. 
Columbia. 

North Creek, p. o., Phillips at., Ark.: 93 m. E. by S. 
Little Eock. 

North Danvees, p. v., Essex co.. 3rass.: 11 m. N. by E. 
Boston, on the line of the Essex E. E., S m. from Salem. 

North Dasvii.i.e, p. o., Caledonia county, Venn. : 20 m. 
N. E. by E. Montpelier, 4 m. W. St. .Johnsbury. 

North Dart,mooth, p. v., Bristol co., Mass. : on the E. 
Bide of Pomansct r., 51 ra. S. Boston. 

North Dightoh, p. o., Bristol county, Mass.: SO m.S. 
Boston. 

North Dismount, p. o., Penobscot co.. Me. : 41 m. N. E. 
Augustii. 

NoiiTH Dorset, p. v., and sla. Bennington Co., Verm.: 
72 111. W. S. W. Montpelier, 22 m. S. Eulland, by Western 
Vermont E. E. 

North Dover, p. T., Cuyahoga county, Ohio: 115 m. 
N. E. by N. Columbus, near Lake Erie. 
604 



NOR 

North Ddaxesbueg, p. o., Schenectady co., X. Y. : 23 m. 
W. by N. Albany. 

North Duniiartos, p. o., Merrimac county, X. Ilamp. : 
7 m. S. W. by S. Concord. 

North East, p. o. and sta., Cecil co., Md. : on E. side of 
North-cast r., 54 m. N.N. E. Annapolis. on the Philadelphia 
and Baltimore E. 11., 53 m. &om rhiladelphia, 40 from 
Bidtimore. 

North East. t. and p. v.. Duchess county, X. Y. : 50 m. 
S. by E. Albany. Drained by Ten Mile er. and branches. 
Surface partly mountainous ; soil adapted to grazing. The 
Harlem R. E. passes through the t. 96 m. from New York. 
Pop. l,5o5. 

North East, t, p. b., and sla., Erie Co., reim. : bounded 
N. by Lake Erie, and E. by New York State. Drained by 
Sixteen and Twenty Mile creeks. The t. contains numerous 
saw and grist mills. The Erie and North-east It. E. passes 
through the t. 15 m. from Erie. 

North East Cestre, p. o.. Duchess co., X. Y. : 52 m. 
S. by E. Albany. 

North Eastham, p. c, Barnstable CO., Mass. : 63 m. S. E. 
Boston. 
North Easton, p. o., Bristol co., Mass. : 20 m. S. Boston. 
NoETU Easto-v, p. o., Washington co., X. Y. : on Batten 
Kill, 28 m. N. N. E. Albany. 

North Eato.v,p. o., Lorain Co., O/w'o; 105 m. N. E. by N. 
Columbus. 

North Edgecomb, p. o., Lincoln CO., 3fe. : on E. bank 
of Sheepscot r.. 27 m. S. S. E. Augusta. 

North EoRiaioNT. p. v., Berkshire county, Musi. : on a 

branch of Ilousatonic r., near New York State line, 116 ra. 

W. by S. Boston. 

North Elba, p. o., Essex CO., X. Y. : lOS m. N. Albany. 

North Ellsworth, p. o., Hancock county, Me. : 67 m. 

E. N. E. Augusta. 

Noi:th Exu, p. o., Mathews co., Virg.: 51 m. E. by S. 
Eichmond. 

North Exfield, p. v. and sta., Graflon co., X. Ilamp. : 
on Mnscomy river and poml, 43 m. N. W. Concord. The 
Norlliern E. E. passes tlin>iigh the v. 59 m. from C^iucord. 
North Evaxs, p. o., Erie county, X. Y.: 2T6 m. W. 
Albany. 

North Fabics river, Mn. : in N. W. portion of the State, 
flows S. W. through Scotland and Marion counties, and en- 
ters Mississippi r. opposite Quincy, III. 

North Fairfax, p. o., Franklin county, Verm.: 98 m. 
N. W. by N. Montpelier. 

North Fairfielu, p. o., Somerset county. Me. : 25 m. N. 
Augusta. 

Noeth Fairfield, p. 0., Huron co., Ohio : 79 m. N. by E. 
Columbus. 

North Fairhat-en, p. v., Bristol CO., Mass. : on E. bank 
of Acuslinet r., 49 m. S. Boston. 

North Falmouth, p. v., Barnstable CO., Mass. : 55 m* 
S. S. E. Boston, on inlet of Buzzard's bay. 

North Farmington, p. o., Oakland co., Mich. : 62 m. 
E. S. E. Lansing. 

North Fayette, p. o., Kennebec county. Me.: IS m. 
W. N. W. Augusta. 

North Ferrisbfrg, p. o. and sta., Adilison CO.. Venn.: 
82 m. W. Montpelier, 15 m. S. Burlington by Eutland and 
Burlington E. E. 

NoRTHFiELD, p. v., Litchficld CO., Conn. : 24 m. W. by S. 
Hartford, in S. E. part of Liti'hfleld town. Surface rough; 
soil ad.TpIed to grazing. 

NoRTUFiELD, p. o., Cook county. III. : 177 m. N. N. E. 
Springlield, 19 m. N. W. Chicago. 

NoKTiiFiELD, p. v., Boone county, Ind. : 19 m. N. N. W. 
Indianapolis. Drained by Eagle creek. 

NoRTHFiELD, t. and p. o., Washington county, Me.: on 
Machias r., 113 m. E. N. E. Augusta. Pop. 246. 

NoRTitFiELD, t., p. v., and sla., Franklin eo., Mass. : 78 m, 
W. N. W. Boston. Drained by Connecticut river, which 



NOR 



NOR 



tiividea the town, and by several small affluents. Surface 
ftndulalinij, wiili large trncls of alluvial plains in the inter- 
vales; soil fertile^ and well cultivated. The t. was first set- 
tled in 1(573. The v. is beautifully situated on an ele\ ated 
plain about 1 m. from the r. on the K. side. The t contains 
a few stores and manufactories. The Brattleboro* Branch 
of ViTinout and Massachusetts K. It. passes through the t. 
Pop. 1J7-2. 

NoBTUFiELD, t and p. o., TrVashtenaw co., MlcJi. : 44 m. 
E. S. K. by S. L:m3in2:. Tlie v. is in the X. "W. corner of L 
on AVhitniore's lake, which is connected with Huron r. by a 
small stream. Pop. 1,110. 

NoKTHFiELD, L and sta., Merrimac CO., N". ITaynp. : on VT. 
side of Merrimac r. and 8. side Winurpiseocc-e r.. 13 m. 
N. by W. Concord. The Boston, Concord, and Montreal 
K. K. passes through this town. Near Sanbornton Bridge 
is the New Hampshire Conference Seminary, a Methodi&l 
inslitulion, having five teachers. Pop. of t. 1,332. 

NoRTunELD, t. anti p. o„ Summit county, Ohio: 116 m. 
N. E. l-iy N. Columbus. Surface of I. undulating; soil fer- 
tile ; well watered by Cuyahoija r. and its branches. The 
Cleveland and Pittsburg II. U. and Ohio Canal pass through 
this t. Pop. 1,474. 

NoETHFiELD, t., p. o., and sta.. ■Washington co., Verm.: 
10 m. S. S. W. Montpelier. Drained by Dog river, which 
affords water-power. Surface uneven; soil fertile. The 
Vermont Central R. K. pusses through the v. 10 m. from 
Montpelier. 

NoRTu Flat, p. o,, "Wyoming co., Penn, : 95 m. N. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

NoRTiiFOED, p, v., New Haven co., Conn, : 11 ra. N. E. 
New Haven. Has several factories. 

North Pork, p. o., Izard co.,-4rAr.; on Big North Fork 
river, 111 m. N. Little Pock, 

North Fork, p. o., Vermillion co., IIL: on Ihe W. side 
of the North fork of Big Vermillion river, 104 ra. E. by N. 

Sprilliifiel.I. 

North Fork, p. v., Mason CO., Ky. : 72 m. E. N. E. 
FrankforL 

NoRTu Fork, p. o., A*he co., K. Cur. : on North fork of 
New r., 171 ra. W. N. W. llaleigh. 

North Fork. p. n., Washington en., Virg. : on N. fork 
of U't'ston r., 275 m. W. S. W. Iticlimond. 

North Fork of Wliite river, J/", antl .-I rA: : drains Ozark 
CO., Mo., flows S. into Ark., and enters While r. at Liberty, 
in N. W. corner of Izard county. 

North Fea>"KFOrt, p. o., Wablo co., ^fe.: on "W. side of 
Penobscot r., 50 m. N. E. by E. Augusta. 

North Franklin, p. o., New London co., Comi. ; 32 m. 
E. S. E. Hartford. 

North Franklin, p. o., Delaware co., .V. 3' ; 72 m. 
"W. S. "W. Albany. 

North Fryeuitig, p. o., Oxford co., Me. : on Saco r., 61 m. 
W. S. W. Augu.>^ta. 

North Gage, p. o., Oneida co^ K. Y. : S2 m. N.W. by W. 
Albany. 

North Galwat, p. o., Saratoga county, X. Y. : 30 m. 
N. N. W. Albany. 

NorthGarden, p. o., Albemarle CO., Vinj.: Gom.'W.N.W. 
Eichmond. 

North Georgetown, p. v., Columbiana county, Ohio: 
117 m. N. E. by E. Columbus. Drained by Jjraach of Ma- 
honing river. 

North Goshen, p. v., LUchfleld co., Conn. : 30 m.W. N.W. 
Hartford. 

North Grandt, p. v., Hartford co., Conn. : 13 m. N. N.W. 
nanlor.i. 

North Granville, p. v., "Washington Co., N. Y. : 5S m. 
N. N. E. Albany, on Pawlet r. 

North Greece, p. o., Monroe CO., J^.Y.: 272 m. "W. by N. 
Albany. 

North Greenwich, p. o., Fau-fleld co., Conn. : 41 m. 
W. S. W. New Haven. 



North Greenwich, p. o., Washington co., A'! Y. : 34 m. 
N. by E. All)any. 

North Geoton, p. o., GraRon co., 2f. /lamp.: 3S m. 
N, N.W, Concord. 

North Glmlford, p. v., New Haven co., Co7!n.:l'i m. 
E. N. E. New Haven. Drained by Menunkaluck r. 

North Guilfokd, p. o., Chenango co., JV. Y.: 02 m. 
W. by S. Albany. 

North Hadley, p. v., Hampshire co., J/(M.s. ; on E. side 
of Connecticut r., 87 m. W. Bosion. 

North IIam^en, p. o., Delaw.ire county, Ji. Y.: 72 m. 
S. W. by W. Albany. 

NfuiTH Hamden, p. o., Penobscot co., i/c. ; 5G in. N. E. 
Augusta. 

North Hampton, p. v., Peoria county, ///..■ "8 m. N. 
Springtlelil. A small settlement in a ri<-h .-igricullural district. 

North Hami-ton, t, p. o., and sta., lioekiiigham county, 
K //amp.: 3S m. E. S. E. Concord ; bounded on the E. by 
Atlantic Ocean. The Eastern K. It. passes through the t., 8 
m. from Portsmouth. Pop. S22. 

Noi:tii Hampton, p. o., Clark county, Ohio: 43 m. W. 
Columbus. 

North Hancock, p. o., Hancock co., Jft. : 74 rn. E. Ity N. 
Augusta. 

North Hanson, sta.. Plymouth co., J/axf. ; on Old ('oiony 
R. P., 23 m. E. S. E. Boston. 

North IlARPERSnELU, p. o., Delaware co., X. Y. : 54 m. 
W. by S.Albany. 

North HARTLAND.p. v. andsta-fTVindsorco., V''nti.: oa 
Connecticut r., 49 m. S. byE. Muutpelier. St;i. of Vt. Cen- 
tra! K. U., S m. from Windsor. 

Nouth Haven, t., p. v., and sLi., New Haven ro.. Conn. : 
S ni. N. N. E. New H-iven, on Walliitgford r. Surface oft. 
mostly level; soil sandy and very fertile. A large trad is 
a salt marsh, producing large quantilies of gr;LS.s. Vast 
quantities of brick are made here. The Harlford and New 
Haven li. U. passes through the t. Pop. l,32S. 

NoRTii II AVKN, p. o., Hancock co., Jle. : on N. Fox Island, 
in Penobscot bay, 51 m. E. S. E. Augusta. 

North Haverhill, p. v., Grafton county. A' //amp.: on 
Connecticut r., 70 m. N. N. W. C^'ucord, on the line of the 
Boston, Concord, and Montreal P. E. 

North Havkr-stkaw. p. o., P.ocWIand co., jV. )'. ; on "W. 
side Huds')n r., 96 m. S. liy W. AU>any. 

NuETH Hereon, p. o., Washington co., N. Y.: on Black 
cr., 4S m. N. N. E. Albany. 

North Hector, p. o., Tompkins co., N. Y. : on E. side of 
Seneca lake, 1(54 m. W, Albany. 

North ME>rp.STEAn. t., p. v., and cap. Queens co., K. Y.: 
130 HL S. Albany. Tlie surface is uneven and hilly, being 
traversed by Ihe ridge of ihe islantl. The soil is sandy, but 
is made productive by cultivation. It is penetrated by 
sever.al bays of Iy*ng Island Sound. Success Pond, a fine 
sheet r)f water, lies on its W. border, and is well stored with 
fish. The v., on the N. edge of H. Plains, and \ \\\. N. of 
the R. P., cftntains a court-house, jail, and several dwellings. 
The t. has a dozen mills and some manufactures, stores, etc. 
Pop. of t. 4.291. 

S'i'Rtje IlENOEiaoN, p. o., Merccr co.. III. : Ifd in. N. W. 
Springfield. 

North Hermos, p. o., Penobscot counly. J/-'. .' 57 m. 
X. E. by E. Augusta, m. W. by N. Bang.r. 

North Heko, t., p. v., and cap. Grand Isle co., Venn.: 
h\ m. N. W. Monlpelier. The surfiu-e of ibis island mntains 
G.272 acres: Ihe soil is very f-rlile. The v. contains the 
county buildings. Puj). t>f t. 730. 

NoiiTii HoGAS, p. v., Kipley county, /'ut : 65 m. S- E, 
Indianapolis. Drained by branch of Laughcry's cr. 

Nor.TH Hmlus, p. v., York co., M'\ : on W. side of Saco 
r,,45 m. S. W. Augusta. 

North Hoosick. p. o. .and sta., Pensselaer co., K )'.; 
2S m. X. E. Alliany, and station of the Troy and Boston 
P. P., 27 m. from Troy, 

605 



NOR 



NOR 



NouTU IIoPB, p. o., Butler co., Perm. : 165 m. W. by N. 
Earriaburg. 

North HtrnsoK, t. and p. o., Essex co., N. Y. : 96 m. N. 
Albany. Drained by Schroon r., and contains several small 
lakes. Surface mountainous ; soil broken but fertile. Tim- 
ber of large size is very abundant; and there are extensive 
veins of imn. Pop. 501. 

North Hvdefakk, p. o., Lamoille co., Venn. : 27 m. N. 
Monlpelier. 

NiiRTu Industry, p. v., Stark co., Ohio: 93 ra. N. E. by E. 
Columbus, on Tuscarawas r., which affords power to several 
mills. 

North Industkt, p. o., Franklin co., Jfe, : 30 m. N. N.W. 
Augusta. 

Northington, p. v., Cumberland co., i^. Car. : on S. side 
of Cape Fear r., 24 m. S. S. W. Kaleigh. 

North island, Georgetown dist., S. Car. : at N. entrance 
of Winyaw bay. 

North Jackson, p. o., Mahoning county, Ohio: 133 m. 
N. E. by E. Culumbus. 

North Jasesville, p. o., Bock co., Wise. : 34 m. B. S. E. 
Madison. 

North Java, p. o., Wyoming county, K.T.: 24S m. "W. 
Albany. 

North Jay, p. o., Franklin county. Me. : 27 m. N. W. 
Augusta. 

North Kennebunk Port, p. v., York county. Me. : 74 m. 
S. W. by S. Augusta. 

North Kullsglt, p. v.,'Windhara co., (7o;wi. .*onE. side 
Quinnebaug r., 43 m. E. by N. Hartford. 

North Kortbight, p. o., Delaware county, N. Y. : 57 m. 
W. S. W. Albany. 

North Lansing, p. o., Tompkins co., N. Y. : 144 m. W. 
Albany. 

North Lattrence, p. 0., St. Lawrence co., 2^. Y. : 156 m. 
N. N. W. Albany. 

North Leeds, p. o. and sta,, Kennebec co., Me.: on E. 
side of Androscoggin r., 20 ra. W. Augusta ; sta. of Andros- 
coggin li. R., 10 m. from junction of Androscoggin and 
Kennebec K. R. 

NijRTH Leominsteb, p 0., Worccster county, Mass. : 39 m. 
"W. N. W. Boston. 

North Leveeett, p. v,, Franklin county, J/cma .' 74 m. 
"W. by N. Boston. 

North Lewishceg, p. o.. Champaign CO., Ohio: 42 m. 
W. by N. Columbus. 

North Liberty, p. v., Mercer co., Penn.: on "Wolf cr., 
176 m. W. N. "W. Harrisburg. 

North Liberty, p. o., Knox co., Ohio : 33 m. N. E. by N. 
Columbus. 

North Liberty, p. o., St Joseph co., Ind^ : on a branch 
of Kankakee r., 120 m. N. by "W. Indianapolis. 

North Luia, p. v., Mahoning co., Ohio : 136 m. N. E. by E. 
Columbus. 

North Lincoln, p. v., Penobscot co., Me. : on E. bank 
of Penobscot r., 104 m. N. E. Augusta. 

North Linkleak, p. o., Chenango co., 2f. Y.: 113 m.W. 
Albany. 

North LiTTLETOif, p. o., Grafton co., Al Hamp. : S3 m, 
N. by W. Concord. 

North Livermore, p. v., Oxford co., Me. : 24 m.W. by N. 
Augusta, 2 m. W. from Kennebec r. 

North Londonderry, p. o. and sla., Rockingham county, 
JV; Ilamp.: 23 m. S. by E. Concord, on Manchester and 
Lawrence R. R., 20 m. from LawTcnce, 6 m. from Manchester. 

North Lovell, p. o., Tell co., Ark.: 66 m. W. N. W. 
Little Rock. 

North Lyman, p. c, Grafton county, 2T. Hamp. : 76 m. 
N. by W. Concord. 

North Lyme, p. v., New London county. Conn.: 32 m. 
E. by N. New Haven. Drained by a branch of Conn. r. 

North Madison, p. v., New Haven co., Con7i.: on "W. 
6ide Hammonassett r., 17 m, E. N. E. New Haven. 
606 



North Madison, p. o., Jefferson county, Ind. : 2 ra. N. 
Madison, SO m. S. S. E. Indianapolis. It contains the prin- 
cipal workshops of the Madison and Indianapolis K. R. 

North Manchester, p. t., "Wabash co., I7ul.: on Eel r., 
85 m. N. by E. Indianapolis. 

North Marlow, p. o., Cheshire co., 2^. J7d7np. .* 84 m. 
"W. by S. Concord. 

North Marshall, p. o., Calhoun county, Mich. : 37 m. 
S. W. by S. Lansing. 

North Maeshfield, p. o., Plymouth co., Mass. : on 9. 
side of North r., 23 m. S. E. Boston. 

North Middleborough, p. v., Plymouth co., Mass. : 31 m. 
S. by E. Boston. 

North Middlesex, p. o., Yates co., A^ I^ ; on W. side 
of Canandaigua lake, li6 m. W. Albany. 

North Middleton, p. v.. Bourbon co.. Ay. ; 43 m. E. by S, 
Frankfort 

North Monmocth, p. o., Kennebec county. Me. : 15 m. 
S. "W. Augusta, near Androscoggin and Kennebec R. E., 
4S m. from Portland. 

North Montpeliee, p. 0., "Washington co., Verm^: 6 m. 
N. Montpelier. 

North Mountain, p. c, Berkeley co., Tirg. : 145 m. 
W. ofN. Richmond, 

North Mount Pleasant, p. v., Marshall co., Mias. : 
1&4 m. N. by E. Jackson, near Tennessee Slate line. 

North Newbuhq, p. o., Penobscot co., Me. : 49 m. N. E. 
Augusta, 

North Newbuey, p. o., Geauga co., Ohio: 133 m. N. E. 
Columbus. 

North Newport, p. o., Penobscot county, Me. : 49 m. 
N. E. by N. Augusta. 

North Newport river, Liberty co., Ga. ; is navigable to 
Riceboro', 20 m. from the ocean. 

North New Portland, p. o., Somerset co., Jfe. : on N. 
branch of Seven Mile brook, 45 m. N. N. W. Augusta. 

North New Salem, p. v., Franklin co., Mass.: 66 m. 
"W. by N. Boston. 

North Norway, p. ot, Oxford co., Me. : 43 m. "W. by S. 
Augusta. 

North Norwich, t. and p. o., Chenango co., A". Y.: 95 m, 
W. Albany. Drained by Chenango r. The v. is on the W. 
bank of the r. in the N. "W. part of the town, and on the 
Chenango Canal. Pop. of 1. 1,172. 

NoRTu Norwich, p. o., Huron county, Ohio: 73 m. N. 
Columbus. 

North Orange, p. v., Franklin co., 3fass. ; 65 m. W. by N. 
Boston. 

North Orwell, p. o., Bradford co., Penn. : 114 m. N. by E. 
Harrisburg. 

North Oxford, p. v.,Worcesterco.,il/'«««. : 44 m.W. by S. 
Bostun. 

North Palermo, p. o., Waldo co., Me. : 20 ra. E. N. E. 
Augusta. 

North Paris, p. v. and sLo., Oxford co., Me. : on N. bank 
of Little Androscoggin r., 40 m. W. Augusta. The Atlantic 
and St. Lawrence R. R. passes through the v. 55 m. from 
Portland. 

North Paema, p. o., Monroe CO., 2^. Y. : 2S1 ra.W. by N. 
Albany. 

North Paksonsfield, p. v., York co.. Me, : T3 m. S. W. 
Augusta. Drained by cr. of Ossipee river. 

North Penobscot, p. o., Hancock ca, Me. : 59 m. E. by U, 
Augusta. 

North Perry, p. 0., Lake co., Ohio: 150 m. N. E. by N, 
Columbus. The t. is on the line of the Cleveland and Erie 
R. R. 36 m. from Cleveland. 

North Perrysburq, p. o., Cattaraugus co., 2/1 T,: on 
S. side Cattaraugus cr., 276 m. W. Albany. 

North Piitson, p. v., Kennebec co., Me. : on E. side of 
Kennebec r.. 7 m. 9. Augusta, 

^/oRTH Plains, t. and p. o., Ionia county, Mich. : N. side 
Maple r., 2G ra. N. W. by N. Lansing. Soil of t is rich 



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eandy loam, veryferlile on the numerous creeks which How 
through it. Top. 292. 

NoKTu Plvsifion, p. v., Plymouth county, Mass. : 29 m. 
6. S. E. Boston, 

NoRTu Point, sta., Baltimore co., Md. : near Baltimore, 
on Philadelphia and Baltimore R. K. 

NuETH Point Ligut-house, Baltimore county, Md.: on 
North Point Cape. Lat, 39° 11' 45"; long. 7Gc 27' 17"; 
15 m. E. of N. Annapolis, is one of the most important light- 
house stations on the Atlantic sea-board. Here the British 
debarked in the war of 1S12. 

KoETHPORT, p. 0., Tuscaloosa co., Ala. : on N. W. side 
of Black "^'arrior r. opposite Tuscaloosa, 92 m. N. "W. by W. 
Montgomery. 

NoKTHPORT. p. V. Nol>le CO., Ind. : on N. side of North 
Fork of Elkhart r.. 125 m. E. N. E. Indianapolis. 

NoRTHPORT, t. and p. o., "Waldo county, Me. : 43 m. 
E. Augusta, on W. side of Penobscot bay. Some ship- 
building is carried on here. Pop. 1,260. 

NoRTiiPORT, p. 0., Suffolk county, Jf. Y. : 124 m. S. by E. 
Albany. 

North Potsdam, p. o., St. Lawrence co., N. I^ .* 15S m. 
N. N. E. Albany. 

North Pow^■AX, p. o., Cumberland county. Me. : 86 m. 
S. S. W. Augusta. 

Nortu Pownal, p. 0., Bennington couny, Verm.: 103 m. 
8. S. W. Montpelier. 

NonTH PuAiKiE, p. 0., Knox co., Jll. : 97 m. N. "W. by N. 
Springfield. 

Noetii Peescott, p. v., Ilampshire co., Mass. : 66 m. 
W. by N. Boston. 

North Prospect, p. v., Waldo co., Me, : 47 m. E. N. E. 
Augusta. Drained by a creek of Penobscot r. 

NoETn Eaisinville, p. o., Monroe county, Mick. : 74 m. 
S. S. E. by E. Lansing. 

Kop.Tn Raymond, p. o., Cumberland county. Me. : 45 m. 
B. W. Augusta, 

North Reading, p. v., Middlesex co., 3fass. : on N. side 
of Ipswich r, IG m. N. Boston, on Uie line of Salem and 
Lowell E. E., 10 m. from Salem. 

North Eeadixg, p. o., Steuben co., K T.: onW. side of 
Seneca lake, 1G9 m. W. by 9. Albany. 

North Rbhoboth, p. v., Bristol co., Mass. : 35 m. S. by W. 
Boston. 

Noeth ErDGETTLLE, p. V., Lorain co., Ohio : 103 m. N. E. 
by N. Columbus. Drained by N. br. of Black r. 

North Eidgeway, p. o., Orleans county, iV". Y. : 244 m. 
"W. by N. Albany. 

Noeth Eivee, p. v., Tuscaloosa co., Al<i. : on W. side of 
North r., 93 m. N. W. Montgomer>', 

NoKTn River Meeting-house, p. o., Hampshire count}', 
Tirg.: on branch of Great Cacapon r., 127 m. N. "W. 
Bicbmond. 

Noeth Etter Mills, p. o., Ilampshire county, Virg.: 
on branch of Great Cacapon river, 133 miles N. N. W. 
Eichmond. 

North Rochester, p. v., Plymouth county, Mass.: 42 m. 
8. by E. Boston. 

Noeth Rome, p. o., Bradford co., Penn, : 110 m. N. by E. 
Harrisburg. 

North Royalton, p. o., Cuyahoga co., Ohio: 111 m. 
N. E. by N. Columbus. 

North Rl'bsell, p. o., St, Lawrence co., IT. Y. : 143 m. 
N. "W. by N. Albany. 

Noeth Salem, p. v., Hendricks co., Ind.: on branch of 
"Walnut fork of Eel r., W. N. W. Indianapolis. 

North Salem, p. o., Rockingham co., K. Hamp^: 84 m, 
8. W. by S. Concord. 

North Salem, t. and p. v., Westchester co., y. Y. : 93 m. 
S. by E. Albany. Surface of t. hilly ; soil well adapted to 
grass and summer crops. The v. contains a few mills and 
etores. The Harlem E, E. passes through the W. part of 
the town. Pop. 1,335. 



North Saluda, Greenville disL., S.Car. : on North Saluda 
river, 115 m. N.W. Columbia. 

North Sanbornton, p. o., Belknap co., K Hump. : 23 m, 
N. by W. Concord. 

North Sandwich, p. v. and sta., Barnstable co., Mas-^. : 
49 m. S. E. by S. Boston, on Cape Cod Branch li. K. 

North Sandwioh, p. o., Carroll eo., N. Ilatnp. ; 45 m. 
N. Concord. 

North Scituate, p. v., Plymouth county, Mass. : 17 m- 
S. E. by E. Boston. 

Noeth Scituate, p. v., Providence co., R. I. : 9 m, "W. 
Providence. 

Nokth Seabsmount, p. o., "Waldo co., Me. : 97 m. E. 
Augusta. 

North Searsport, p. o., "Waldo co., Me. : 45 m. E. N. E. 
Augusta. 

North Sedgewice, p. o., Hancock co.. Me. : 60 m. E. 
Augusta. 

North Setticklt, t. and p. o., Beaver co., Penn. : on W, 
side of Beaver r. and S. side of Conequenessing cr., 130 m. 
W. by N. Harrisburg. Surface rolling ; soil calcareous loam. 
The t. contains several saw and grist mills, tanneries, and 
stores. The Beaver and Erie Canal passes through the t. 
on bank of Beaver river. 

North Shafleigh, p. o., Tork co., Me. : 79 m. S. W. 
Augusta. 

North Sheffield, p. c, Ashtabula county, Ohio : 174 m. 
N. E. Columbus. 

North Sheldon, p. o., "Wyoming co., K. Y. : 244 ra. "W. 
Albany. 

North SirEBBrRS, p. o., Rutland county, Term. ; 44 m. 
S. by W. Montpelier. 

North Shore, p. o., Eichmond county, iV. Y. : 140 m. 
S. by W. Albany. 

North Skitni; river: nms par.illel to Skunk r. on its N. 
side fur 70 ra. when it joins it in Keokuk county. 

North Smithfield, p. o., Bradford co., Peiui. : 109 m. N. 
Harrisburg. 

North Somees, p. o., Tolland co., Ccmn. : 22 m. N. N. E. 
Hartford, near State line. 

North Spaeta, p. o., Livingston CO., AC Y. : 210 m. "W. 
Albany. 

North Ppescee, p. v., Worcester county, Mass. : 43 m. 
"W. by S. Boston. 

North Spring, p. o., Jackson CO., Tenn. : 62 m. E. N. E. 
Nashville. 

Noeth Springfield, p. v., "Windsor co.. Verm. : on E. 
bank of Black r., 63 m. S. by E. Montpelier. 

Noeth Springfield, p. o., Summit co., Ohio: 107 m.N. E, 
Columbus. 

North Stamford, p. v., Fairfield co., Conn. : on "W. sido 
of Mill r.. 37 m. VT. S. W. New Haven. 

North Star, p. o., 'Washington co., Penn. : 173 m. "W. 
Harrisburg. 

North Star, p. o., Darke co., Ohio: S4 m. "W. Columbus, 

North Stephentown, p. o., Eenssclaer co., AC 1". ; on 
Kinderhook cr., 16 m. E. S. E. Albany. 

North Sterling, p. o., Caj-uga co., AC Y. : on "W. side of 
Little Sodus Bay, 153 m. W. by N. Albany. 

North Stockholm, p. o., St. Lawrence co., K Y. : 159 m. 
N. N. W Albany. 

North Stonixgton, t. and p. o., New London county, 
Conn. : 47 m. E. S. E. Hartford, 56 m. E. by N. New Haven. 
Surface uneven and hilly; soil gravelly ioam, good for 
grazing;. Watered by Pawcatuck r. and its branclu^s, which 
afford water-power to a number of tanneries, saw, and grist 
mills. Pop. 1,937. 

North Strafford, p. o., Strafford co., AC ITump. : 20 m. 
E. N. E. Concord. 

North Scdbury. p. v., Middlesex co., Mass.: on S. side 
of Concord r., 21 m. W. by N. Boston. 

Noeth Swansea, p. v., Bristol co., Mass. : 42 m. S. by W 
Boston. 

607 



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North Tewksul'ry, p. v., Middlesex c*>., Mass. : 23 m. 
N. N. W. Boston. 

North Tuetford, p. v. and sta., Orange co., Verm, : on 
"W. bank of Connecticut r., 36 m. S. E. by E. Montpelier. 
TheC'<nnccticiUand Passunipsie Rivers U.K. passes through 
the v.. 17 in. from "White Kiver Junction, and 43 m. from 
fit. Johnsburg. 

North Teoy, p. o., Orleans county, Venn. : on E. side of 
Missisque r., 52 m. N. by E. Montpelier. 

North Tkueo, p. v., Barnstable co., Jftiss. : 53 m. E. S. E. 
Boston, 

North Turner, p. v., Oxford co., Me.: on W. side of 
Androscoggin r., 25 m. W. by S. Augusta. 

North Turner Bridge, p. o., Oxford co., Me.: on An- 
droscoggin r., 22 m. W. by S. Augusta. 

Northumberland county, Peiin. Situate E. centrally, 
andeonlain5431 sq. m. The Susquehanna r. passes through 
it centrally fromE. lo W.. and forms iis S. W. boundary. It is 
drained by this r. and its affluents. Surface varied ; in most 
parts it is mountainous and .much broken, but along the r. 
there are some level bottoms ; soil in general poor ; the land 
on the river, however, is fertile, and produces good crops of 
TN'heat, Indian corn, and potatoes ; tobacco is also grown. 
It is extensively engaged in manufactures and mining. It 
contains iron ore and coal, and has some good timber land. 
Farms 1.T4S ; manuf. 153 ; dwell. 4,0G2, and pop.— wh. 23,1 SO^ 
fr. col. 93 — total 23,2T2. CapiUil : Sunbury. Public Works : 
Bunbury and Erie E. E., and several railroads to the mines 
from Sunbury, etc. 

Northumberland county, Virg. Situate E. on Chesa- 
peake bay, and contains 143 sq. m. Drained by small 
streams which flow into the Potomac and the Chesapeake. 
Surface generally level ; soil of average fertility. Chief pro- 
ductions, cotton and Indian com. Farms 492; manuf. 3; 
dwell. G-S9, and pop.— wh. 3,072, fr. col. 509, si. 3,755— total 
7,346. Ciip/tnl: IleathsvUle, 

NoimiuMBERLAND, t, p. V., and sta., Coos co., 2^. Ilamp. : 
on Connecticut r. and both sides of Upper Ammonoosuc r., 
9S m. N. Concord. The soil along tlie Connecticut is very 
fertile. Here are falls in the r., and a dam across its whole 
width affords great water-power on each side to mills of 
various kinds. The Atlantic and St, Lawrence R. li. passes 
through the v., 122 m. from Portland. Pop. of L 429. 

NoRTHtTMBERLAND. t and p. 0., Saratoga co., iV". Y.: on 
"W. side Hudson r.. 36 m. N. by E. Albany. Surface level ; 
soil .sandy loam, well drained. The Saratoga and Washing- 
ton II. P. passes through the N. W. part. Pop. 1,775. 

Northumberland, p. b., Northumberland co., Penn. : at 
the confluence of the E. and "W. branches of Ihe Susque- 
hatma r., 54 m. N. Harrisburg. A bridge spans each branch 
of Ihe r. The Shamoken dam, 2,7S3 feet long, crosses the 
river, having a chute 650 feet long and 64 feet wide. The 
Susquehanna N. and W. branch canals meet here, but 
do not afford as much business to the place as formerly. A 
railroad is contemplated to pass through to connect with the 



Catawissa branches E., N.. N. E., N. W.. and S. nmtes. 
The streets are regularly and well laid out. and the village 
affords a quiet and pleasant place ot residence. 

North Union, p. o., Washington CO., Ohio : S2 m. E. S. E. 
Columbus. 

North Union, p. o., Lincoln county, Me. : on E. side of 
Muscongus r., 27 m. E. S. E. Augusta. 

North Uniontown, p. o., Highland co., Ohio: 63 m. 
S. W. by S. Columbus. 

North Ubbana, p. c, Steuben co., N. Y.: on W. side 
of Crooked lake, 1S6 m. W. by t?. Albany. 

North Yassalborocgh, p. o., Kennebec co., Me. : on E. 
side of Kennebec r., 14 m. N. N. E. Augustx 

North Vernon, p. o., Shiawassee county, Mich. : 32 m. 
E. N. E. by E. Lansing. 

NoRTHViLLE, p. v., Litcliflcld CO., Cbnn.: on E. Aspctuck 
river, 3S ra. W. by S. Hartford, 

Northville, p. v., La Salle county, HI : 97 m. N. N. E. 
Springfield. 

Northville, sta., Plymouth co., Mass. : on Bridgewater 
Branch R. R., 22 ra. from Boston. 

Northville, p. v., Wayne county, Micfu : 57 ra. E. S. E. 
Lansing, on the W. branch of the Rouge r., at the conflu- 
ence of the outlet of the Walle<I lake. Here are great 
natural advantages for manufacturing, there being 37 tV-et 
of water-power. Considerable capital is already employi-d. 

Northville, p. o., Fulton co., N. Y.: on E. bank of Sa- 
condaga r., 44 ra. N. W. by N. Albany. 

Northville, p. v., Erie co., Penn. : 20S m. N. W. by W. 
Harrisburg. 

North Waldoborocgh, p. o., IJncoln co., Me. : 23 m. 
S. E. by E. Augusta. 

North Warusborough, p. c, Windham co,, Term.: 
84 m. S. Montpelier. 

North Washingtox, p. v., Westmoreland co., Penn.: 
141 m. W. by N. Harrisburg. 

North Waterfobd, p. o., Oxford co., Me. : 4-3 ra. W. by S. 
Augusta. 

North Wayne, p. o., Kennebec co., Me. : 17 m. W. 
Augusta. 

North West, t. and p. o., Williams co., Ohio: 144 m. 
N. W. Columbus. Soil fertile. Drained by branches of St 
Joseph's r. Pop. 343, 

North West bay, K Y. : on W. side of Lake Champlain, 

North West Bridgewater, p. o,, Plymouth co., Mas-^. : 
22 ra. S. Boston. 

North Western, p. c, Oneida county, K. Y. : 101 m. 
W. N. W. Albany. 

North West Fork, hnnd., Sussex co., Del. : on W. side 
of Nanliooke r., 30 m. S. by W. Dover. Area, 76,480 acres. 

North West Mine, p. o.. Houghton co., Mich. : 300 m. 
N. N. W. Lansing. One of the most productive mines of 
the State. 

North West Rivxr Bridge, p. o., Norfolk co., Ylrg. : on 
North West r., 95 m. S. E. Richmoad. 



THE NORTH WEST TERRITORY. 

The North West Territory is situate between the parallels of 43° and 49° latitudes north, and extends east and west 
between 99° 112° longitudes west from Greenwich, or 21° 5S' and 34° 5S' from Washington. It is bounded on the north by 
the British possessions, on the east by White Earth and Missouri rivers, which separate it from Minnesota Territory, on Ihe 
south by Nebraska Territory, and on the west by the crest of the Rocky Mountains, which diviilcs it from Oregon and 
Washington territories. On the east and west its outline is irregular, conforming to the course of the Missouri on one side, 
and to that of the Rocky Monnt:iins on the other siile. The average length of the country, east and west, is about 530 
miles, and the average breadth, north and south, about 420 miles, with an area of 223,000 square miles. (The extent of 
the resion, according to the census of 1S50. is stated at 5S7,564 square miles, a slatemonl endenlly incorrect). 

Tlie general surface of this region is highly diversified by mountidns, vallejs, and plains. The greater portion of the 
country is inclosed between the Rocky and Wind River mountains and the Black Hills, a continuation of the latter north- 
ward. The inmiense basin formed by these mountains is drained by the Missouri and its great tributary, the Yellow 
Stone, which, with their numerous affluents, reach to its farthest boundaries west, south, and casL On the north of the 
basin is also a watershed dividing the streams flowing northward through the British possessions from those tributary to 
the cre.it rtvors just noticed. It is thus hemmed in on every side, and forms a distinct geographical section. The Mls- 
Bouri ris' s in numerous head strearas from the Rocky Mountains in the vicinity of the sources of the southern branch of 
COS 



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NOR 



the Columbia of Oregon. Its course is first north, then eaat to tlie Blaclc Hills, near the ed^e of which it roci-ives the 
Yellow Stone, a river having its principal sources in the Wind Kivcr Mountains, and after turning tlie Black Hills in 
about latitude 48'=' north, it has a course south-east and south, forming in its meanderings the eastern border of the Ter- 
ritory. From the caat aide of the Black Hills it also receives numerous tributaries, but none of large size. The slopes of 
the country are indicated by tlie direction of its streams: within the basin the inclination is to the north and north-cast 
up to the Missouri, and from thence (he country rises to tho nortli, and outside, east of the Black Hills, it slopes to the 
cast. Both the Missouri and Yellow Slone are navigable fi.r liglit dratl steamers, and hence, whenever this country 
becomes the residence of civilized man, the capacity of these streams will open to him a highway to the markfts of the 
South and East, while their tributary strcims, rapid and broken as Ihey are, will afford every facility for milling and the 
manufactures. On the whole, it is an eligible country for settlement, having timber of various kinds of m:ignificent 
growth, a fine soil, and a climate, if not congenial to tho tender plant, on account of its northern inland situation, yet one 
in which most of the usual farming operations may be proMtably carried on. For salubrity it is unsurpassed. It is a 
second Utah, as regards its topography, without its deserts and sandy plains. 

This Territory formed a part of the Louisiana purchase. It is not yet organized, but retains the name of the North 
West Territor)-, from its being the only unorganized renmant of that once large district so named, and to which it was 
attached soon after its acquisitiim by the United States. The hunter and trapper, or the red man of the forests, arc ita 
sole occupants at the present time, but the day is not far distant on wliich the pioneer of civilization will cross the groat 
river to make his home in iu riqh vaUeys, and drive his flocks aud herds to the hilk for range and paf.ture. 



North Wetiieesfield, p. o., Wyoming co.,i\/; Y. : 2Si m. 
W. Albany. 

North WEYMourn, p. v. and sta., Norfolk co., Mass.: 
U m. S. S. E. Boston, 13^- m. from Boston by South Shore 
railroad. 

Nonxn Wharton, p. c, Potter county, Penn,: 103 m. 
N. W. by N. Harrisburg. 

NoETU White Creek, p. v., Washington eo., IT. T. : 32 m. 
N. E. Albany. The " Washington Co. Post" (whig) is pub- 
lished weekly. 

NoExn WniTEFrELD, p. v., Lincoln co., Me. : on E. side of 
Bheepscot r., 14 m. S. E. Augusta. 

North WurrEiiALL, t. and p. v., Lehigh co,, Penn. : 70 m. 
E. N. E. Harrisburg. Drained by Coi)ley and Jordan creeks, 
and other tributaries of Lehigh r., by which it is bounded 
on the N. E. Surface even; soil calcareous loam, fertile 
and well cultivated. There are numerous saw and grist 
mills, tanneries, and distilleries. 

North Wilna, p. o., Jefferson co., -Al 3'. ; 137 m. N. W. 
Albany. 

NoaTH Wilton, p. o., Franklin co., Me. : 31 m. N. W, 
Augusta. 

North Wixton, p. o., Fairfield co., Conn. ; 27 m. W. by S. 
New Haven, near Danbury and Norwalk It. E. 

North Windham, p. v., Windham co., Co}in.:^7 m. 
E. byS. n.irtford. 

N<iRTU Windham, p. v., Cumberland county, Jfe. : 41 m. 
S. W. Augusta, near 3. end of Little Sebago Pond. 

NoKTH WoLFBOEOUGUj p. o., CarroU CO., y^. Uumj) : 33 m. 
N. N. E. Concord. 

North Woodstock, p. v., Windham co,, Cmin.: on a 
branch of Quinnebaug r., 3G m. E. N. E. Hartford. 

North Woodstock, p. o., Oxford county, 3Ie.: 40 m. W. 
Augusta. The Atlantic and St. Lawrence E. E. passes 
through t. of W., having sta. at Bryanfs Pond, 02 m. fVom 
Portland. 

N(*rtii Wrenth-im, p. V. anil sta., Norfolk co., Jfuss. : 
2*2 m. S. W. Boston, on the Norfolk County E. E., 22] m. 
from Boston. 

NoBTH Yam Hill, p. o., Yam HUI co., Oreg. : 30 m. N. W. 
Salem, 

North Yarmouth, L, p. o., and sta., Cumberland co., 
Me.: 40 m. S. W. by S. Augusta. The Atlantic and St. 
Lawrence E. E. passes through the t 15 m. from Portland. 
Pop. 1,221. 

Norton, t.. p. v., and sla., Bristol co., Ma.^a. : 27 m. 
8. by W. Boston, Drained liy Eumford, Coeasset, and 
Canne rivers and other small streams. SurHiec diversified ; 
goil moderately fertile. Tho v. is on Taunton Branch E. E., 
4 m. from Mansfield. Pop. of t. 1,9G7. 

Norton, p. v., Delaware co., Ohio:, on W. side of W. 
branch of Whetstone r., 41 m. N. by W. Columbus. 

Norton Centre, p. o., Summit co., Ohio: 99 in. N. E. 
Columbus. 

E4 



Norton's Mili£, p, o., Ontario co., N. Y. .•193 m. W. by N. 
Albany. 

Noi;TossviLLE,p. o., Albemarle CO., Tirg. : 09 m.W. N.W, 
Eiehmond. 

Nortonsville, p. 0., Ottawa co., Mich. : SO m. W. N. W. 
Lansing. 

NoRVELL, p. 0., Jackson co., Mich. : 32 m. S. Lansing. 

NoEWALK, t.. p. b., and sta., Fairfield co.. Conn. : on both 
sides of Norwalk r.. bounded S. by Long Island Sound, 30 
m. W. S. W. New Haven, 63 m. S. W. Hartford. Surface 
of t. uneven ; soil very fertile. The b. is on both sides of the 
r., which is navigable to this point for vessels drawing 6 
feet of water. Here are 3 churches, and 1 bank — capital 
$175,330. Tho t. contains 2 extensive factories of fell beaver 
cloth, besides other manufactories. Two newspapers are 
published weekly, '-N. Gazette" and "Fairfield Co. Ee- 
publiean.'' The New York and New Haven K. E. passes 
through the b., 44 m. from New York, 32 ni. from New 
Haven, connecting here ^^ilh Danbury and Norwalk E. E. 
Two m. S. is the p. v. of South Norwalk, the terminus of 
D. and N. E. E.. and the landing of the New York steam- 
boats. Pop. of t. in 1S40, 3,SG3 ; in ISoO, 4,061. 

NoEWALK, t., p. v., and cap. Huron co., Ohio : on E. side 
of Huron r., 87 m. N. by E. Columbus. Soil of t. is very 
fertile, aud finely adapted for grain and grass. Drained by 
Huron r. and br. The v. is well situated, and is the main 
station on tho Toledo, Norwalk, and Cleveland, E. E. 
Contains 5 churches, several mills, and other factories. 
Two newspapers are published weekly, '' Huron Eefiector" 
(whig), and " Norwalk E.\periment" (dem.) I'op. of v. 
1,441 ; of t. 3,159. 

NoRWALK river, Fairfield co., Conn.: flows through a 
beautiful and fertile valley in S. direction, abtxit 20 m., into 
Long Island Sound. Along its banks runs the Banbury 
and Norwalk E. E. It is navigable to Norwalk borough. 

Norway, t. and p. v., Oxford co., Me. : 42 m. W. by S. 
Augusta. Soil fertde, and well watered by Norway Pond, 
Little Androscoggin and Crooked rivers. The v. is at the 
outlet of Norway Pi»nil. Two newspapers, the " Pine State 
News" and "Norway Advertiser," are published weekly. 
Pop. 1,962. 

Norway, p. o., La Salle county, 21L: 121 m. N. N. E. 
Springfield. 

Norway, t. .and p. o., Eacine co.. Wise. : OS m. E, S. E. 
Madison. Drained by branches of Fox r. Surface undu- 
lating. Contains several large pondd, aud has a good soil. 
Pop. 870. 

Norway, t. and p. v., Herkimer co., K Y. : TO m. N. W. 
Albany. Surface of t. hilly ; soil sandy loam, and adapU-d 
to grass. Drained by branches of West Cana.ia cr. The v. 
contains churclies and stores. Pop. of 1. 1,052. 

NoKWEGiAN, t., Sfhuylkill cwnty, Penii. : 40 miles N. E. 
Harrisburg. Draineii by Schuylkill r. and its branches. Sur- 
face hilly and mountainous. It is an important centre of 

CoO 



NOR 



NOR 



the Schuylkill coal mining region, and the present terminus 
of the Philadelphia and Reading E. R., 93 m. from the for- 
mer, and several railroads diverge from PottsWlIe to the 
neighboring mines in East Norwegian, Frailo, Pine Grove, 
Treraont, North Castle, Schuylkill, etc., townships, and to 
Sunbury and Danville on the Susquehanna. Tlie capital 
invested in the coal mines in 1S50 was $641,147, and the 
value of the annual products of the mines was estimated at 
$150,285. The Delaware Coal Company's capital isf $500,000. 
In East Norwegian township the capital invested in mines 
was $156,000, and the value of the annual products $80,350. 
There are several furnaces and numerous saw-railis in the 
town, and stores of every description. Population of 
Norwegian 10,003. 

Norwich, t., p. city, and semi-cap. New London co.. 
Conn. : on Thames r., at head of navigation ; 36 m. E. S. E. 
Hartford, 4T m. E. N. E. New Haven. Lat. N. 41° 33', long. 
"W. 720 7'. The surface of t. is uneven and hilly ; soil fer- 
tile, well watered. The t, contains, besides the city, three v., 
Norwich Town, Norwich Falls, and Greenville. The city is 
situated at the junction of Quinnebaug and Tantic rivers, on 
a steep declivity, and presents a very beautiful and romantic 
appearance. It contains a court-house, jail, town hall, S 
churches, etc. There are 4 banks, with cap. of $l,9S7,72o, 
and 3 large insurance companies. Two newspapers are 
published, *'N. Courier" (whig), tri-weekly and weekly; 
and "'N. Aurora" (dem.), weekly. Three railroads pass 
through the city ; from New London, 13 m. ; from Worcester, 
59 m. ; from Willimantic, 57 m. A line of steamboats plies 
daily from Allyn's point to New Tork. Both Quinnebaug 
and Yanlic rivers afford very great water-power, which is 
improved by numerous manufactories of paper, cottou, and 
woolen goods, hardware, pottery, etc. The Yantic Falls are 
a picturesque cataract, and invested with historical interest. 
Pop. in 1S30, of city, 3,144 ; t. inc. city, 5,179 ; in 1S40, city, 
4,200 ; of t inc. city, 7,239 ; in 1S50, t. inc. city 10,265. 

Norwich, t and p. o., Hampshire co., Mass.: 91 m. 
"W. by S. Boston. Surface mountainous. Drained by West- 
fleld r., which affords water-power. The Western R. E. 
touches the S. W. cor. at Chester Village, 119 miles from 
Boston, 81 m. from Albany. Pop. 756. 

Norwich, t,, p. v., and cap. Chenango co., HT. K.* on 
Chenango r., 95 m. W. by S. Albany. Surface of t diversi- 
fied ; soil is generally good for grazing. The flats on the 
sides of the r. are very fertile, and highly cultivated. The 
V. is handsomely situated on the W. bank of the r., contains 
the court-house and jail, several churches, mills, and facto- 
ries, and 1 bank, cap. $120,000. The Chenango Canal 
passes through the v. Two newspapers are issued weekly, 
" Chenango Telegraph" (whig), " Chenango Union" (dcm.) 
Pop. of t. 8,615. 

Norwich, p. v., Muskingum county, Ohio: C3 m. E. 
Columbus, on the National Road. Pop. 324. 

Norwich, t. and p. v., M'Kean county, Fe7in. : 124 m. 
N. W. Harrisburg. Drained by Potato cr., on the E. side of 
which is the v., containing several stores. 

Norwich, t., p. v., and sta., Windsor co.. Verm. : on W. 
side Connecticut r., 43 m. S. S. E. Montpelier. The Con- 
necticut and Passumpsic Rivers R. R. passes through the v. 
4^ m. above White River Junction. The Norwich Univer- 
sity, establislied here in 1S34, has 6 instructors, 60 students, 
100 alumni, and a hbrary of 1,700 vols. Pop. of t. 1,97S. 

Norwich Falls, sta., New London co., Co}tn. : on New 
London, Will, and Palmer E. R., 1 m. from Norwich. 

Norwich Town, p. v. and sta., New London co., Conn. : 
IJ ni. N. city of Norwich. Has several large factories and 
2 churches. The New London, Willimantic, and Palmer 
E. E. passes througli the place. 

Norwood, p. v., Stanley co., A^. Car. : 96 m. W. S. W. 
Ealeigh. 

Norwood, p. o., Bedford co., Virg. : 116 m. W. by S. 
Eichmond. 

NoTAsuLQA, p. V. and sta., Macon county, Ala. : 41 m. 
610 



E. N. E. Montgomery. The Montgomery and West Point 
E. E. passes through this village. 

NoTiPECAQO river, Mich. : the sources of this large 
stream unite in Lake co., and flowing in W. direction 
through Mason co., it empties into Marquette lake. 

NoTKE Dame, p. v., Su Joseph co., Ind. : 2 m- N. South 
Bend 130 m. N. by W. Indianapolis. Here is located the 
Universitj of Notre Dame du Lac, establii^hed in 1S43. 
AVith it, associated on an extensive farm, a novitiate for the 
priests, and a manual labor school for boys. 

Nottawat, t. and p. v., St. Joseph's co., Midi. : 65 ni. 
S. W. Lansing. Surface of t. undulating ; soil very fertile. 
Drained by St. Joseph and Prairie rivers. Pop. 1,165. 

Nottingham, p. v.. Prince George's co., Md. : on W. side 
of Patuxent r.,20 m. S. S. W. Annapolis. 

Nottingham, p. o., Wells co., Ind. : on S, side of Wabash 
r., 80 m. N. E. Indianapolis. 

Nottingham, t. and p. o.^ Harrison county, O/tio.* 95 m. 
E. by N. Columbus. Drained by branch of Tuscarawas r. 
Pop. 1,236. 

Nottingham, t and p. o., Eockingham co., A'i Hamp. : 
21 m. E. S. E. Concord. Pop. 1,263. 

Nottingham, p. o., Davis co., la. : 77 m. S. W. by S. Iowa 
City. 

Nottingham Titrnpike, p. o., Eockingham co., K.Hamp. : 
21 m. E. by S. Concord. 

NoTTLA, p. 0., Cherokee co., K. Car. : 820 m. W. S. W. 
Ealeigh. 

NoTTOWAT county, Virg. Situate S, E. centrally, and 
contains 264 sq. m. Drained by Nottoway river and its 
branches, and tributaries of the Apporaatox river. Surface 
an extended plain ; soil ferlile, and very productive. Chief 
articles of production, Indian com, tobacco, and cotton. 
Farms 342 ; manuf 17 ; dwell. 492, and pop. wh.— 2,251, fr. 
col.l36,sl. 6,050— total S,437. a/i^jVa/; Nottoway C. H. Fuh- 
lie Works: Richmond and Danville R.K.; South Side E. E. 

Nottoway, p. v., and cap. Nottoway county, Virg. : on 
Nottoway r., 44 m. S. W. Eichmond. 

Nottoway river, Virg. and A^. Car. : rises in Prince 
Edward co., flows mainly in S. E. direction, tlirongh S. W. 
portion of Virg., and passing into N. Car., unites with 
Meherrin r., in Gates Co., forming Chowan river. 

Novi, t. and p, v., Oakland co., Mich. : 5T m. E. S. E. 
Lansing. Surface of t. is rolling, and is well limbered; soil 
good. Drained by the W. branch of the Eouge r. and its 
creeks. The v. is on the E. side of r., 2 m. S. of Walled 
lake. Pop. of 1. 1,423. 

NoxAPATEK, p. 0., Winston county, Miss.: 84 m. N. E. 
Jackson. 

Noxubee county, Mm. Situate E., and contains 673 sq. 
m. Drained by tributaries of W. fork of Tombigbee river. 
Surface moderately even; soil ferlile. • Chief productions, 
cotton and Indian corn. Farms 676; manuf 31; dwell. 
957. and pop.— wh. 4,976, fr. col. 0, si. 11,323— total 16,299. 
Capital: Macon, fublic Works: Mobile and Ohio R. E. 

NoYESVTLLE, p. V., Cook CO., III. : on the Des Plaines r., 
167 m. N. E. by N. Springfield. Galena and Chicago Union 
E. R. passes through the village, 10 m. W. Chicigo. 

Nhobin Eidge, p. o., Hardeman county, Tenn. : 140 m. 
S. W. Nashville. 

Nfeces county, Tex. Situate S.,and contains about 6,200 
sq. m. Drained by branches of the Rio Nueces, which 
forms its N. and N. W. boundaries, and by tlie rivers Agua 
Dulce, San Fernandes, and Trinidad, which fall into the 
bays in the S. E. portion of the county. Surface undulating 
some parts slightly elevated ; soil on the streams very fer- 
tile, consisting of a deep mold, intermixed with sand, and 
favorable to cotton and corn, but in general is best adapted 
for pasturage. A portion of the county is prairie, and a 
sm.all part is thickly wooded. Salt Lagoon is situate S. E., 
anil Laguna del Madre forms the eastern boundary. The 
Neuccs is the principal river, and is navigable for small 
boats for about 100 miles from its mouth. Farms 8 ; manuf. 



NUK 



OAK 



1 ; dweU. 151, and pop.— wh. 650, fr. col. 1, si. -IT— total 69S. 
Capital: Corpus Christi. 

Ndxces river, Tex. Ita remotest source is in the mount- 
ains of Bexar co., and with it3 tributaries drains an extens- 
ive surface of country. Its general course i.-* S. E., being 
about 300 m. long in its windings, and 226 m. from its source 
to its mouth, where it empties into Nueces bay. Its prin- 
cipal tributary is the I'Jo Frio. The Nueces r. is navigable 
for 100 m., but is much encumbered by sand-bars in ita upper 
portions. 

NuLnEGAN river, Essex co., Venn. : formed from two 
branches, miitinginBloorafieM, forming a rapid stream, auJ 
enters Connecticut r. above Brunswick. 

Nn-Lis Mills, p. o., Fayette Co., I)vd. : 73 m. E. by S. 
Indianapolis. 

NuMA, p. o., Parke CO., Tnd. : onE.sideof Wabash r.,on 
the canal, 02 m. W. by S. Indianapolis. 

KtiMBF.Rl,p. o., "Wayne co., Ohio: 55m. N.E. Columbus. 

NtTMBEK 2, p. o., Marion comity, Flor.: 176 m. 8. E. 
Tallahassee. 

NciiBEE 3, p. 0., Aroostook county, Me. : 131 m. N. N. E. 
Augusta. 

Nt'NDA, L, p. v., and sta., Livingston co., N". T.: 221 m. 
"W. Albany. Drained by branches of Genesee r. Surface 
undulating ; soil good for wheat. The v. is on Cashagua 
er., and is a station of the Buffalo and New York Cily R. R., 
C2 m. from Buffalo. Besides several churches, and a 
flourishing academy, it has some factories. The '' Nunda 
Telegraph" (whig) is published weekly. Pop. of t. 3,12S. 

NuTBusH, p. o., Warren co., 2^. Car. ; on Nutbush cr., 
60 m. N. Raleigh. 

Nyack, p. v., Rockland co., y. Y. : on W. bank of Hud- 
son r., 113 m. S. Albany. A flourishing v., containing several 
churches, etc, and having regular communication with New 
York. Two newspapers are issiied weekly — "Rockland 
County Journal,"' and "■ Rockland Messenger." Pop. about 
1,000. 

Ntack Tu^t^'PIH:E, p. o., Rockland co., 2^. T. : 102 m. 
S. by W. Albany. 

O. 

Oae, p. 0., Williams co., Ohio: 132 m. N. W. Columbus. 

Oak creek, Otsego co., y. }'. ; the outlet of Schuyk-r"s 
lake, which flows S. through the town of Otsego, and emp- 
ties into the Susquehanna r. 

OAEAcnioKAMA, p. 0., Yallabusha county, Miss. : lOS m. 
N. N. E. Jackson. 

Oak Blcffs, p. o., Greene co., Arlr. : near a branch of 
St. Francis r., 144 ra. N. E. Little Rock. 

Oak Boweet, p. c, Chambers co., Ala. : 51 m. N. E. by E. 
Montgomery. 

Oak Ceeek, p. v ., Milwantie co.. Wise. : on a cr. of Lake 
Michigan, 7S m. E. by S. Madison. 

Oakdale. p. v.. and cap. Sheil)y co., Mo. : S3 m. N. by E. 
Jeflerson City. The court-house is situate here. 

Oakdale, p. v., Worceiter co., Mafts. : on the Nashua r. 
and Worcester and Nashua E. R,, 25 m. Worcester, and 
39 m. W. Boston. 

OAKnELD, p. o,, Genesee co., K. Y. : 232 m. W. Albany. 

Oakfieu), p. v., Fond du Lac co., Wise. : 62 m. N. E. 
Madison. 

Oakfield, p. o., Perry county, Ohio: 42 m. E. S. E. 
Columbus. 

Oakfield, t. and p. o., Kent county-, J/zV/i. ? 61 m, N. W. 
Lansing, and 39 m. E. Grand Haven. Drained by Flat r. 
and ita tributaries. Surface rolling; soil deep vegetable 
loam. It abounds in forests of heavy pine timber. P')p. 404. 
Oaktieu), p. v., Franklin co., Mo. : 119 m. E. Jeflerson 
City. 

Oak Flat, p. t., Pendleton co., Vtrff. : on a branch of 
the Potomac r., and at the foot of the Shenandoah Mount- 
ain, 123 m. N. W. Richmond. 



Oak Fobest, p. c, Wayne co., Ki/. : S5 m. S. Frankfort. 
Oak Foeest, p. o., Iredell county, iV. Car. : 121 m. W. 
Raleigh. 

Oak Foef-st, p. v., Franklin co., Md. : near Oak creek, 
59 m. E. S. E. Indianapolis. 

Oak Foeest, p. o., Cumberland county, Virff. : 35 m. W. 
Richmond. 

Oakfusky, p. v.. Randolph co., Ala.: on the E. side of 
the Tallapiwsa r., 75 m. N. by E. Montgomery. 

Oak Geove, p. o., Montgomery county, Akt.: 15 m. 8 
Montgomery. 

Oak Geove, p. c, Hempstead co., Arl: : 101 m. S. S. W. 
Little Rock. 

Oak Geove, p. c. Christian county, Ky. : 172 m. S. W. 
Frankfort. The Nashville and Henderson R. E. passes 
near the location. » 

Oak Grove, p. v., Washington par., La. : situate between 
M'Gee and Big Silver creeks, in N. part of par., 03 m. N. E. 
Baton Rouge. 

Oak Geove, p. c, Linngston countj', Mich. : 33 m. S. E. 
Lansing. 

Oak Geove, p. o., Chickasaw co., Mi-'iS.: 123 m. N. E. 
.Jackson. 

Oak Grove, p. o., Titus co., Tt?x. : 257 m. N. E. Austin 
City. 

Oak Geove, p. v., Jackson co., Mo.: 112 m. W. by N. 
Jeflerson City. 

Oak Geove, p. o., Jefferson county, Tcyin.: 193 m. E. 
Nashville. 

Oak Grove, p. o., Westmoreland co., Virff. : 49 m. N. E. 
Richuiond. 
Oak Grove, p. o., Linn co., la. : 23 m. N. Iowa City. 
Oak Geove, p. o., Dodge co.. Wise. : 52 m. N. Madison. 
Oak Geove Fuenace, p. o., Perry co., Penn.: in the 
village of Landisburg, 23 m. W. by N. HaiTisburg. A coa! 
blast furnace, with an annual capacity of 1,100 tons, is situ- 
ate here. 

Oakuam, t. and p. v., Worcester co., 3fa8S. : 58 m. W. 
Boston. Drained chiefly by Ware r, which bounds it on 
the N., and also by several small rivulets passing througli it. 
Surface rolling ; soil good, aflbrding excellent pasturage for 
calUe. Pop. 1,137. 

Oakuill, p. v., Newton co., Ga. : near one of the forks 
of Ocmulgee r., 59 m. N. W. Milledgeville. 

Oak Hill, p. o., Franklin county, Ala. : 1S5 m. S. 8. E. 
Montgomery. 

Oak Hill, p. 0., Hardin count)', Kt/. : about 07 m. S. W. 
Frankfort. 

Oak Hill, p. o. and sta., Cumberland co., Me. : on the 
line of the Kennebec and Portland R. E., 23 m. from Port- 
land and 30 m. S. J W. Augusta. 

Oak Hill, p. v.. Lake co., III.: near Lake Michigan, 
195 m. N. E. Springfield. 

Oak Hill, p. v., Jefl'erson co., Wise,: 40 m. W. by S. 
Madison. 

Oak Hill, p. o., Greene co., 2^. Y.: on the line of the 
Hudson River R. R., 110 m. from New York City, 32 m. 
S. W. Albany. 

Oak Hill, p. o., Granville co., A"". Car. : about 43 m. N. 
Raleigh. 

Oak Hill, p. v., Jackson co., Ohi-o: on the line of the 
Scioto and Hocking Valley R. R., 77 m. S. 8. E. (Columbus. 
There are several furnaces within a short distance of the 
village. 

Oak Hill, p. v., Lancaster co.. Petm. : 53 m. W. by S. 
Philadelphia and 53 m. S. K. Harrisburg. There are situate 
here 2 charcoal forges, yielding annually 400 tons bloom 
iron and 230 tons bars, and a rolling-mill producing 400 tons 
annually. 

Oak Hill, p. o., Overton county, Tetm. : 85 m. E. by N. 
Nashville. 

Oak Hill. p. v.. Fauquier co., Vlrg. : on the Manassas 
Gap E. K., 93 m. N. by W. Richmond. 

611 



OAK 



OAK 



Oak Hill, p. o., Panola county, Miss. : 133 m. N. 
Jackson. 

OAKL-un> county, Mich^ Situate S. E. of the S. penin- 
sula, and contains 896 sq. m. Drained by Clinton r. and its 
affluents, and branches of Flint, Eouge, Shiawassee and 
Huron rivers. Siulace undulating and diversified with nu- 
merous small lakes; soil fertile, and yields good crops of 
wheat, Indian corn, and potatoes. Farms 3,446; manuf. 
146; dwell. 5,699, and pop.— wh. 31,20T, fr. col. 63— total 
31.270. Capital: Pontiac. Publio Works: Detroit and 
Pontiac E. R. 

Oaklakd, p. 0., St Francis co., Arlc. : 70 m. "W. N. W. 
Little Eock. 

Oakland, p. v., Coles county, HI. : on a branch of the 
Etnbarras r., So m. E. Springfield.^ 

Oakland, p. v., Christian co., Ky. : 175 m. 9. "W. Frank- 
fort. Situate directly on the boundary line between Chris- 
tian and Caldwell counties. 

Oakland, t. and p. o., Oakland co., 3[ic?i. : 51 m. E. 
Lansing and 25 m.lii. Detroit. Drained by Paint cr. and a 
branch of Stony cr. Surface hilly ; soil of great variety — 
in some parts marshy. Pop. of t. 97S. 

Oakland, p. o., Yallabusha co., Miss. : 131 m. N. by E. 
Jackson. 

Oakland, p. v., Laclede co., Mo. : on the Osage Fork of 
tho Gasconade r., 64 m. S. by W. Jetferson City. 

Oaklan-d, p. o., Chatham county, JVI Car. : 86 m. "W. 
Ealeigh. 

Oakland, sta., Alleghany co., Md. : on the Baltimore and 
Ohio K. E., 233 m. W. Baltimore. 

Oakland, p. o., Spencer county, Ind.: 119 m. S. S. W. 
Indianapolis. 

Oakland, sta., Marion county, Tnd. : on the Indianapolis 
and Bellefontaine E. E., 14 ra. N. E. Indianapulis. 

Oakland, p. o., Lavacca county, Tex. : 77 m. S. E. Austin 
City. 

Oakland, p. o., Livingston co., K Y. : 20S m. "W. by S. 
Albany. 

Oakland, p. o., CUnton county, Ohio: 57 m. S. W. 
Columbus. 

Oakland, v., Fau-ficid co., Ohio : 31 m. S. E. Columbus. 
Pop. 133. 

Oakland, p. o., Armstrong co., Pen7i. : 145 m. W. N. "W. 
Harrisburg. 

Oakl.\nd, sta., Chester co., Pemi. : on the Columbia and 
PhUad.'lplua E. K., 30 ra. from Philadelphia. 

Oakland, p. o., Edgefield dial., S. dtr. : 49 m. "W. S. W. 
Columbia. 

Oakland, p. c, Fayette county, Te?i7i. : 155 ul S. W. 
Nashville. 

Oakland, p. v., Morgan co., Vtro.: 143 m. N. by W. 
Eichmond. 

Oakland, p. v., Jefferson county. Wise. : 23 m. S. W. 
Madison. 

Oakland, p. o., Lauderdale county, Ala. : 175 m. N. "W. 
Montgomery. 

Oakland, p. v., Tuolumne co., Calif. : on the N. side of 
the river De los Merced, branch of San Joaquin r., 115 m. 
S. E. VaUejo. 

Oakland College, p. v., Claiborne county, 3fisf!. ; 60 m. 
W. S. W. Jackson. The college was founded in 1S30, and 
in 1850 had 6 professors, 114 alumni, S4 students, and a 
library of 9,000 volumea. 

Oakland Grotk, p. v., Prairie co., Arl\ : on a fork of 
Cypress Bayou of White r., 24 m. N. E. Liitle Eock. 

Oakland Mills, p. c, Juniata co., Fenn. : 35 m. W. N. "W". 
Harrisburg. 

Oak Lawtj, p. o.. Baker county, Ga.: 185 m, S. S. W. 
Milled geville. 

Oak Lawn, p. o., Cabarras co., 21. Car. : 97 m. S. 9. W. 
Ealeigh. 

Oak Level, p. c, Bent-m county, Ala. : 103 ra. N. by E. 
Montgomery. 
612 



Oak Level, p. c, Henry county, Virg. : 131 m. S. W 
Eichmond. 

Oakley, p. c, Overton county, Ti-nn. : 85 m. E. by N. 
Nashville. 

Oakley, p. o., Macon co., Ill : 35 m. E. Springfield. 

Oakley, p. v., Mechlcnburg co., Virg. : on a branch of 
Dan r., 59 m. S. W. Eichmond. 

Oakley, p. c, Lewis co., Mo. : 106 dl N. by E. Jefferson 
Ci.y. 

O.iKLEY, p. 0., Franklin parish, La. : 119 m. N. by W. 
Eaton Eouge. 

Oakjittlgee, p. 0., Bedford county, Virg. : on line of the 
Virginia and Tennessee R. E., 29 m. W. of Lynchburg, 
97 m. W. by S. Eichmond. 

Oakohat, p. 0., Covington co.. Miss. : 52 m. S. E. Jackson. 

Oak Oechakd, p. v., Orleans co., N. Y. : 243 m. W. by N. 
Albany. 

Oak Plains, p. o., Liringston co., Mich-.: 82 m. S. E. 
Lansing. 

Oak Point, p. o., St. Lawrence county, N. Y. : 157 m. 
N. by W. Albany, 

Oak Point, p. o., Clatsop co., Oreg. Ter. : on the S. side 
of Columbia r., 80 m. N. Salem. It occupies a site imme- 
diately opposite the E. end of Gull Island. 

Oak Point, p. o.. Van Buren co., Ja. : 63 m. S. by W. 
Iowa City. 

Oak EiDGE, p. c, Hancock co., OJiio: 72 m. N. N. W. 
Columbus. 

Oak Eidge, p. o.. Greene co., Ark. : on a branch of Eel 
river, 114 m. K E. Little Eock. 

Oak Eidge, p. c, Graves county, Ky.: 227 m. S, W. 
Frankfort. 

Oak Eidge, p. o., Meriwether county, Ga. : 65 m. W. 
Milledgevjlle. 

Oak Eidge, p. o., Guilford co., K Car. : 75 m. W. N. "W, 
Ealeigh. 

Oak's Cobneks, p. v., Ontario co., N'. Y. : 173 m."W. by N. 
Albany. 

Oak Shade, p. o., Culpepper co., Yirg. : 63 m. N. by W 
Eichmond. 

Oak Si-eing, p. o., Ballard county, ^y.; 241 m. S. "W. 
Frankfort. 

Oak Spring, p. v., Davis co., la. : on S. side of Soap cr., 
75 m. S. "W. Iowa City. 

Oak's Shop, p. o., Pittsylvania co., Ylrg. : 115 m. S. "W. 
Richmond. 

Oaksyille, p. v., Ot-sego co., Ni Y.: on a branch of the 
Susfjuehanna r., G7 m. W. Albany. 

Oaktiubejia, p. 0., Kemper co,. Miss. : 95 m. E. N. E. 
Jackson. 

Oakville, p. 0., Union co., Ar7c. : 107 m. 9. by "W. Little 
Eock. 

OAirvTLLE, p. v., Lawrence county, Ala.: 145 m. N. "W. 
Montgomery. 

Oakville, p. o., Madison county, Tetin. : 121 m. S. W. 
Nashville. 

Oakville, p. o., St. Mary's co., Md. : 41 m. S. Annapolis. 

Oakville, p. v., Monroe co., Miclt. : 70 ra. S. E. Lansing. 

Oakville, p. v., St. Louis co., Mo. : near the W. side of 
the Mississippi, 157 m. E. Jefferson City, and IS m. S. by W. 
St- Louis City. 

Oakville, p. o., Union county, i^. Car. : 813 m. S. W. 
EiileJgh. 

Oakville, p. o., Cumberland county, Penn-.: "W, from 
Harrison. 

Oakville, p. v., Lexington disL, S. Car. : 13 m. N. W. 
Columbia. 

Oakville, p. o., Appomattox co., Yirg. : about 65 m. W. 
Eichmond. 

Oakwoods, p. 0., Fleming county, Ky. : 71 m. E. by N. 
Frankfort. 

Oak Woods, p. o., Grant county, Inil: 67 m. N. E. 
Indianapolis. 



OAS 

Oasis, p. o., Marquette co., Wm. : 52 m. N. Madison. 

Oatlands, p. o., Loudon co., Vlfff. : 103 m. N. Kichmond. 

O'Bannons. 6ta., Jefferson county, Ky. : on the Louisville 
and Frankfort K. R., 15 m. E. Louisville, and 14 m. W. 
FranfcforU 

OcEELTN, p. v., Lorain co., OMo: on the E. side of W. 
branch of Black r., where it is crossed l)y the Tulcdo, Xor- 
walk, and Cleveland E. E., 99 m. N. N. E. Cohiinbus. It 
is the Beat of Oberlin College, to the benefits of which both 
miUe and female studeula are admitted — manual labor 
forming part of the instruction. It is under Congregalional 
influence; was founded in 1S34, and in 1S50, had a presi- 
dent, 12 instructors, 199 alumni (of whom 130 are in the 
ministry), and GO students. There is a library attaclied to 
the college containing 4,'200 volumes. Its theological de- 
partment has 3 professors, 20 students, and 124 alunini, 
with a lihrary containing 250 vnlumes. The "Oberlin 
Evangelist" (relig.), a semi-montlily paper, is published 
here. 

Obion county, Tenn. Situate N. "W., and contains 1.012 
sq. ni. Drained by Eedfoot and Obion rivers, tributaries of 
the Mississippi r., which forms its western boundary. Sur- 
face icvel, and on the Mississippi low and subject to sub- 
mersion ; soil fertile and adapted to cotton and tobacco. It 
has some timber laud and good pasturage for cattle. Farms 
653; maimf. 6; dwell. 1,131, and pop.— wh. 6.572, fr. col. 
4, si. 1,057— total 7,633. Capital: Troy. Public Works: 
Mobile and Ohio E. E.^ Nashville and Mississippi E. E. 

Obion, p. o., Hickman co., Ky. : 258 m. S. W. Frankfort. 

Obion river, Tenn.: the principal head branches rise in 
Ilcnry and CarroU counties, and pursuing a W. and S. \V. 
course flow into the Mississippi at Uales Point. Obion, 
"Weakly, Henry, Carroll, Gibson, and Dyer counties are 
well drained by this river and its tributaries. 

O'Ebien county, la. Situate N. W., and contains 576 
sq. ra. Drained by branches of Little Sioux r. Surface 
rolling, a large portion being prairie ; soil fertile, and is well 
adapted \fi wheat, corn, iruit, etc. ; valuable timbers line the 
streams. Capital: Ainsley. 

OccoQUAii, p. v.. Prince "William co., Virg. : on W. side 
of the Occoquara r., 75 ra. N. Eichmond. 

OccoQUAii river, Virg. : the most important tributary of 
the Potomac, rises in Fauquier and Prince William counties, 
flowsS. E., separating Fairfax and Prince William counties, 
and empties into the Potomac. The tide flows up 7 m. to 
the town of the same name, above whicli the river descends 
72 feet in the distance of a mile and a half, and to which 
small sea vessels ascend. 

Occur AciA, p. o., Essex county, VirQ. : 37 miles N. E. 
Eichmond. 

Ocean county, N'. Jer. Situate E. toward the S., and 
contains 4;35 sq. m. Drained by Tom's r. and Cedar, Man- 
ahocking, and "Westecunck creeks. Surface level; soil in 
parts fertile, and consisting chiefly of sand with day inter- 
mixed. There is good pasturage for cattle. Farms 379 ; 
manuf. 52; dwell. 1,75S, and pop.— wh. 9,?S3, fr. col. 149- 
tolal 10,032. Cajntal : Tom's Eiver Village. 

Ocean, t. and p. o., Monmouth co., N. J&r. : running par- 
allel with the Atlantic Ocean, 86 m. E. Trenton. Drained 
by Whale Pond cr., Corlies or Great Pond cr., and other 
small streams emptying into the ocean. Surface in the W, 
hilly, otherwise level ; soil loam, sand, and clay. In the 
K. E., on a promontory extending several miles, is Sandy 
Hook, on which is a revolving light and two beacons. The 
t. is well supplied with water privileges, and contains sev- 
eral mills and manufactories. Set ofl* from Shrewsbury in 
1S49. Pop. 8,767. 

Oceana county, Mich. Situate N. W. of the S. peninsula, 
and contains 763 sq. m. Drained by "White and Miiskegon 
rivers, the former of which traverses its central part. Sur- 
face slightly undulating; soil ft-rtile and productive. Farms 

: manuf. 2 ; dwell. 5S, and pop.— wh. 2S2, fr. col. 19— 

total 301. Capital: 



OGD 

Ocean 1'ort, p. c, Monmouth co., N, Jer. : 39 m. E. 
Trenton. 

OcEOLA county, la. Situate N. W., and contains 433 
sq. m. Drained by head branches of Little Sioux r. Sur- 
face undulating, and diversified with lakes. Much of the 
land is prairie, and a portion of it la well woodod. Laid off 
since 1350. 

OcEOLA, p. o., Cherokee county, Ala. : 133 m. N. by E. 
Montgomery. 

OcEOLA, p. v., and cap. Mississippi co., Arl: : on the Mis- 
sissippi r., 87 m. above Memphis, Tenn., 157 m. E. N. E. 
Little Eock, at the head of Plumb Point Bar.% Ihe most 
difficult and dangerous part of the Mississippi r. Many 
steamboats have been sunk here, and portions of them may 
be seen at low water. It contains Ihe court-house, etc. 

OcEOLA, p. v., Crawford co., Ohio : on Broken Sword cr 
of Sandusky r., 61 m. N. by W. Columbus. 

OcEOLA Centre, p. c, Livingston county, Jlf/cA. : 85 m. 
E. by S. Lansiug. 

Ochebee, p. v., Calhoun co., Flor.: on W. bank of Ap- 
palnchicola r.. and on the Appalachicola post-road, 88 m. 
W. by N.Tallahassee. 

OcKLocKuNT, p. o., Thomas co., Ga.: ISl m. S. by "W. 
Milledgeville. 

OcMULGEE, p. 0., Perry county, Ala.: 43 ra. W. by N. 
Montgomery. 

OcMULGEE river, Oa. : rises in the hilly repon S. of the 
Chattahoochee in De Kalb and Gwinnett counties, flowing 
250 m. in a S. and E. direction, is joined by the Oconee r. 
on the S. border of Montgomery co., where they form Ihe 
Alatamaha, which empties into the sound so called of the 
Atlantic Ocean. The river is navigable for small steam- 
boats as far up as Macon, Bibb co. It has several branches, 
which aflTord excellent water-power to several counties in 
its course. 

OcMULGEEVTLLE, p. o., Telfair CO., Ga. : 79 m. S. by E. 
Milledgeville. 

OcoA. p. 0., Polk CO., Tenn. : 137 m. S. E. Nashvillo. 

Ocoi.A, p. v., .and cap. Marinn county, Flor. ; on the St. 
Augustin and Tallahassee post-road, 157 m. 8. E. Tallahas- 
see. Situate about 5 m. N. from Fort Eing. It is the seat 
of the county court-house. The '* Ocola Argus" (whig) is 
pnlihshed weekly. 

OcoNA LrFTT, p. 0., Haywood co., N. Car. : situate In the 
W. part of the county, 263 m. W. S. "W. Ealeigh. 

Oconee, p. v., Washington co., Ga.: on the E. side of 
Oconee r.. and on Ihe line of the Ccnlral (Georgia) U. E., 
147 m. N. W. Sav.innah, and 23 m. S. E. Milledgeville. 

Oconee river, Ga. : rises in the hilly region near the 
Chattahoochee r. in Hall co., running a S. by E. course 200 
m. ; connects with the Ocmulgee, and forms the Alatamaha 
r., which flows into the Atlanlic Ocean. Appalachio river 
and Indian creek are its principal branches. 

Oconee Station, p. v., Pickens district, S. Car. : 131 m. 
N. W. Columbia. 

OcoNOMowocK, t. and p. v., Waukesha co., TTAv. ; 45 m. 
E. Madison. Drained by branches of Eock r., which jiass 
through the N. and S. of it, affording excellent water-power. 
Tliree lakes form the S. boundary. There is some good 
timber Land in the town. The v., which is small, is in the 
S. part, on a branch of Eock river. Pop. of t. 1,21S. 

OcRAcoKE, p. v.. Hyde co., K. Car. : on the island near 
Ocracoke inlet, and about 25 m. 8. by "W. Cape Hatteras, 
153 m. E. by S. Ealeigh. 

OcTABARA, p. o., Lancostef co., Penn.: near a creek by 
same name. 53 m. E. S. E. Harrisburg. 

Ornca. p. o., Jefferson co.. Wise. : 29 m. W. Madison. 

Ogalla, p. o., Chippewa co., Wi.-ic. : 162 m. N.W. Madison. 

Ogi.en. p. v., Henry cQ.,fn(7.: on the Indiana Central 
E. E. 31 m. E. by N. Indianapolis. 

OuDKN, t. and p. o., Monroe co., A^. K ; 221 m. W. by N. 
Albany, and 13 m. Eochester. Surface level ; soil gravelly 
loam ' Drained hv Salmon cr. The Eochester. Lockport, 

C13 



00 D 



OHI 



and Niairara Falls K. K., ani Erie Canal pass Ibrough, on 
the latter of which Adam's Basin is situated. There are in 
the t several stores and mills, a furnace, and a Domber of 
other industrial establishments. Pop. 2,59S.' 

OoDEs. p. v., New Madrid co., Mo.: between Lake St. 
John's and St. Mary, ISS m. S. E. Jefferson Cify. 

Ogden City, p. v., Weber co., Utah Ter.: on N. side of 
Weber r., 157 m. N. Fillmore City. 

Ogdensbiteg, p. V. and port of entry, St Lawrence co., 
N. Y.: on the right bank of St. Lawrence r., at the mouth 
of Oswegatchie r., 161 m. N. "W. Albany. The Northern 
R. R. has its western terminua at this place, and steamers 
ply hence daily for the river antl lake ports, makins; it a 
depot of great importance. Presfott. a large town, lies on 
the opposite side of the river, here 1} m. broad, and is con- 
nected by a steam ferry. The v. contains immense dep6t3, 
and other warehouses, stores of every description, 3 banks, 
foundries, machine shops, and other industrial establish- 
ments, schools, and churches, and, on the whole. Is one of 
the most progressive villages of the State. The manufac- 
tures of this place find an immense water-power on the 
Oawegatchie, on which there are falls. It is at the lower 
termination of sloop navigation, but steamboats go to the 
rapids, 40 m. below, and thence pass by Ogdensburg to the 
various places on Lake Ontario. Pop. about 6,000. The v. 
is connected with Boston and New York by railroad — dis- 
tance to Boston 403 m., and to New York City 4S2 miles. 
Ogdensburg has 4 newspapers, the St. Lawrence Repub- 
lican" (dem.), the "0. Sentinel" (whig), the "O. Forum" 
(whig), and the "Northern New Yorker" (neut.), all pub- 
lished weekly. The shipping oi^Tied here in 1S50 amounted 
to 1.9S5 tons, all navigated by steam. The foreign arrivals, 
in the district of which Ogdensburg is the port of entry, in 
1850, were 3S0 vessels, and 196,015 tons, and the departures 
875 vessels, and 189,705 tons. This is exclusive of the v.ist 
amount of shipping engaged in the domestic coasting trade, 
and is indicative of the extent of its connection with the 
British provinces. The coastwise trade is valued at $7,000,000 
annually. 

OoEEcirEE river. Oa. : rises in the E. part of Greene co., 
and flowing in a S. E. direction 200 m., empties into Ossa- 



baw sound of the Atlantic Ocean. Its principal branches 
are Lambert creek, in Jefferson co., Lillle Ogeechee r., in 
Scriven co., on the E., "Williamson's S. W. cr. and Connou- 
chee r. on the W., forming in ali extensive water-power. It 
is navigable for vessels of 30 tons as far up as Louisville, in 
Jefferson co., and for sloops 40 ra. from its mouth. 

Ogeechee, p. v., Scriven co., Ga. : on N. side of Ogeechee 
r., 60 m. from Savannah, near the Central (Georgia) R. R., 
97 m. S. E. Millcdgeville. 

Ogemaw county, Mich. Situate N. E., and contains 576 
sq. m. Drained by Rifle r. and a branch of the Aux Grais. 
Surface generally level; soil a deep, black, vegetable mold. 
Setoff since 1S50. 

Ogle county, III. Situate N., and contains 57G sq. m. 
Drained by Rock r. and its tributaries. Surface undulating; 
in parts it is low and marshy, and unfit for cultivation ; soil 
in general fertile, and produces wheat and Indian com. 
The marshes, when drained, make good grazing land. 
Some portions of tlie co. are IhickJy covered with valuable 
timber. Farms 1,055; manuf. 30; dwell. 1,678, and pop.— 
wh. 9,990, fr. col. 30— total 10,020. Capital : Oregon City. 
PuUic Works : Central Illinois R. E. ; Rockford and Rock 
Island R. R., etc. 

Ogle, p. o., Butler county, Penn.: 165 m. "W. N. "W. 
Harrisburg. 

Ogle, p. v., Ogle co., JU. : at the head of Washington cr., 
153 m. N. by E. Springfield. 

Ogletoorpe county, Ga. Situate toward the N. E., and 
contains 515 sq. m. Drained by branches of Broad river, 
which runs on the N. E., and of Oconee r., which bounds it 
on the S. W. Surface level ; soil varied ; in general very 
fertile. Cotton is the chief production, but fine crops of 
wheat, Indian corn, and potatoes are raised. There is some 
good timber on the land. Farms 555; nianuf. 13; dwell. 
819, and pop.— wh. 4,3S3, fr. col. 3, si. 7,874— total 12,2o9. 
Capital: Lexington. F uhlle Works : Athens Branch K. R. 

OcLETnoRPE, p. v., Macon co., Ga. : on Fhiit river, 71 m. 
S. W. Milledgeville. The South-western R. R. passes 
through the v., 50 m. from Macon. 

Ogitkquit, p. v., York co.. Me. : on N. side of Ogunquit r. 
1 m. from the Atlantic coast, 86 m. S. W. Augusta. 



THE STATE OF OHIO. 

Ohio, the most wealthy and prosperous of the new States, north-west of the Ohio River, is situated between 35° 24' and 
420 latitudes north, and between 80° 34' and 84° 42' longitudes west. It is a compact mass of land, lying between Penn- 
sylvania and Virginia on the east; Kentucky on the south, from which it is separated by the Ohio River; Indiana on the 
west, and Michigan and Lake Erie on the north, along which its coast-line extends 257 miles. Its general length is 200 
miles, and its breadth, north and south, about 140 miles, with an area of 39,964 square miles. 

Though the surface is much and delightfully varied, it nowhere presents any considerable elevations above the general 
level ; but the country is a lofiy table-land, which, in its middle zone, is about 1,000, and on the northern and southern 
borders from 600 to SOO feet above the sea level. A slightly elevated ridge of highlands divides the waters flowing north 
into Lake Erie from those flowing south into the Ohio. From this there is a rather rapid descent to the level. The lake, 
and the courses of the rivers on the Erie slope, are rapid, and considerably broken by falls. The general slope toward 
the Ohio on the south is internipted by a subordinate ridge, which croi^ses the State in the latitude of Zanesville and Co- 
lumbus, between which and the river the surface is verj' much diversified with hills and valleys. The central belt consists 
of extensive flat tmcts, with numerous broad swells rising gently from the plains; and swamps and morasses occasionally 
occur. The northern or Erie slope also contains extensive morasses. The extent of swamp lands in the Stjile, however, is 
only 303,829 acres, or one-eighteenth part of the whole. Nine-tenths of the surface of the State is susceptible of cultiva- 
tion, and nearly three-fourths of the soil is eminently productive; even the hills are generally cultivable to their summits, 
and covered with a fertile soil. The river bottoms are extensive and exuberantly fertile. In the centre and north-west, 
prairies or natural meadows are numerous and extensive, but the greater part of the country was originally covered with 
magnificent forests of gigantic trees, and even at the present day timber is al)undanL 

Tlie rivers of Ohio debouch either into the Ohio or into Lake Erie. The Ohio runs along the southern border for nearly 
500 miles, and the principal rivers falling into it are the Muskingum, tho Ilookhoeking, the Scioto, the Little Miami, the 
Miami, etc. The Mitskingum, which enters the Ohio at Marietta, rises in the northern watershed, near the head waters 
of the Cuyahoga, and drains a beautiful and fertile district. It is about 120 miles in length, and is navigable during a 
greater part of the year by small steamboats to Zanesville, 75 miles, and by batteaux to Coshocton, 110 miles and above 
this small boats ascend to within a mile of the Cuyahoga. Sandy River and Wills Creek, on the e-ist, and Walhonding 
or "White-woman's River, and the Licking, from the west, are its principal tributaries, and are useful mill streams. The 
IfockMckiiiff rises on the southern ridge, and reaches the Ohio at lloeking Port, after a course of "^0 miles through a hilly 
and picturesque country, abounding in yellow pine. It is narrow and deep, and navigable for small boats to Athens. The 
614 



OHIO. 

Hockinfr Can:il ft-Iln-.vs the course of this riv.-r. Th.- Scifto is a fine navigable sln-am. ont<Titi£; the Oliio at Pnrtsraoulh. 
It flows through a wuie ami fertile valley, ami in the upper part of its eourse is surrniiride.I by rieh ami beautiful prairiea. 
Boats have aseeniKd almost to its source, near lUieyrus, ainl pas?e'l by a portage of 4 miles into the Sandusky and Lake 
Erie. Delaware, Columbus, Cireleville, Cliillicolhe, and Piketon are the principal places on its banks. The Little Miami 
has its rise in the southern ridge, and although too much broken by Hills to be useful as a navigable channel, it is a fine 
mill stream, furnishing an abundant supply of water for manufacturing purposes. It eaters the Ohio about 12 miles above 
Cincinnati. The head waters of the Jfiami, or Big Miami, approach very near to those of the Scioto, the Auglaise, and 
the St. Mary's ; its current is rapid, but it is navigable for some 70 or SO miles. At several points— at Sidney, Troy, Day- 
ton, and Hamilton — it furnishes excellent water-power, especially at Dayton, where it has been greatly improved for 
manufacturing purposes. It is 200 yards wide at its mouth, and enters the Ohio in the soulh-wc&tcrn corner of the Stale, 
nfler a course of 100 miles. Among the northern rivers are the Maumee, Sandusky. Cuyahoga, etc. The Maumee, or 
Miami of the Lake, which has its S'jurce in Indiana, is the principal ; it is formed by the junction of Little St. Joseph's, 
St. Mary's, and Great and Little Auglai/.e rivers. Its length is about 100 miles, and 50 miles from its mouth it is 70 rods 
wide. The navigation is open to schooners and steamboats IS miles to Perrysburg, and in spring and fall it is boatable to 
Fort Wayne, and at all times furnishes extensive water-power. The river bottoms are extensive and fertile, and the banks 
are high and heavily timbered. It enters Lake Erie through Maumee Bay. The Sandusl'i/ is a rapid stream, but na\*i- 
gable during high stages of the water. To Fremont City the navigation is always open. It enters the lake through 
Sandusky Bay, an immense basin, destined to be the scene of a mighty commerce. Sandusky City, on its south-east 
shore, is one of llie principal ports of the lake, an<l the terminus of several lines of railroad, connecting with the interior 
and the shore district. The Cuyahoga rises near Lake Erie, but taking a south-westerly course, it approaches the head 
of the Muskingum, and thence flows northward into the lake at Cleveland. It m one of the most important ri^x-rs of 
Northern Ohio. It is more than 60 miles long, and has numerous fulls and is an excellent mill stream. Along its banks 
several flourishing manufacturing villages have sprung up. The mouth of the river, wliich has been improved and ex- 
tended by piers, forms the harbor of Cleveland. Besides these there are other important streams flowing into the lake, 
as Portago River, navigable for 12 miles from Port Clinton ; Huron Kiver, navigable to Milan, 14 miles, and entering the 
lake at Port Huron; Vermillion River, Black River, Ptocky River, etc., all of which are navigable to a greater or less 
extent, and which, at their mouths, furnish harbors. 

Ohio is one of the richest mineral States of the Union. Iron, coal, and lime — the most useful of minerals — abound in 
all the eastern portion of the State, and are deposited in beds of vast thickness. Salt springs are numerous in the same 
region. The coal of Ohio is bituminous, and lies very accessible, requiring comparatively little capital to handle it, but as 
yet lliere is, except in some of the principal cities — Cincinnati, Dayton, Cleveland, etc. — but little manufacturing, and in a 
Lirge portion of the State the people are not sufficiently near the mines or public works to use coal in competition with 
wood. Time and the axe, however, are rapidly destroying the forest, and wood is fast rising in price ; and the period is 
not distant when the whole people of the Central West will use coal. The progress of the raihoad will hasten this revo- 
hiiion In the industrial and domestic economy of the State. The marketable production of ooal in Ohio may be deter- 
mined approximately by the report of the Board of Public Works. The principal points of coal mining are at Talmadge, 
Summit t-'ounty ; Pomeroy, Meigs County ; Nelson ville, Athens County ; and some points in Stark and Coshocton counties. 
Thr amount brought to market from these several points in 1S50-51 was as follows: from Akron, 3,052,850 bushels ; from 
Massilon, 186.^93 bushels; from Dover, 59,150 bushels ; from Koscoe, 2C0,2oG bushels; from Nelsonville, 930.150 bushels; 
and from Pomeroy, about 2,000,000 bushels— in all, 6,489,299 bushels. This is but a sixteenth part of the coal brought to 
market from Easton, Pennsylvania, yet it is a large amount, and a large increase on the production a few years since. It 
is about the production of Pennsylvania 15 years ago. May not the increase of ihe coal trade in Ohio be as rapid as that 
of Pennsylvania ? If so, what an important effect it will have on the industry and internal commerce of the State. The 
consumption of coal in the interior towns is gradually increasing. In 1S50, Columbus took 285,521, and in 1S51, 499,951 
bushels; Cu-cleville, in 1S50, 66,109, and in 1851, 93,829; Chillicothe, in 1850, 183,139, and in 1851, 205,867 ; M^Connelia- 
ville. in 1350, 46.2S5, and in 1851, 68,444 ; Middletown, in 1850, 19,025, and in 1851, 16,805 ; Dayton, in 1850, 89.953, and in 
1851, C3,S40 ; and Piqua, in 1850, 3,S6S. and in 1S51 . 9,677 bushels ; total in these places— in 1850, 639.900 bushels, and in 
1851, 957,893 bushels. These are nominally small quantities, but the increase (50 per cent.) in one year is quite remarka- 
ble, and proves that as wood rises in price, as manufactures increase and railroads extend, that the consumption of cool 
will increase more than proportionately. The coal carried to market annually I)y Pennsylvania brings hae.k to her 
$20,000,000. An income like this, dug out of the earth, in a single article, is alone enough to stimulate other States, pos- 
sessing it to foster its production, and become prosperous and independent through the same means. 

That the iron business of the same region is destined at no distant day to become of equal magnitude and importance, 
must be apparent to the most casual observer. Extending through the counties of Lawrence, Gallia, Jackson, Meigs, 
Vinton, Athens, and Hocking, is a belt of iron ore, averaging some twelve miles in width, and extending a distance of 
one hunrlred or more in length, each square mile of which can be made su3eeptil)Ie of keeping up a furnace employing 
one hundred hands, and yielding eight tons of iron per day, for any desirable period of time. Coal of the very best qual- 
ity, fnjm three to twenty, and even thirty feet in thickness, also underlies, as before remarked, the counties named, 
togetlier with others, sufficient to last for ages as a means of fuel for manufacturing in their midst as well as supplying 
the market demand north, west, and south of the mineral region. England, with an available coal region occupying an 
area less than the counties of Meigs and Athens united, produces annually $50,000,000 worth of iron, and yet at this day 
the mineral region of Ohio alone is susceptiljle of being nmderod four-fold more valuable than the entire mineral region 
of England. If a patch containing but a few square miles has done so much for central England, what may not the flelda 
containing many hundred square miles do for Ohio? 

That the salines of Ohio are immensely valuable, although not in the same proportion as its eollierics and iron deposits, 
can not admit of a doubt There are salt wells on Yellow Creek, above Stcubenville ;-on Will's Creek ; on the Muskin- 
pum River, from the Coshocton to near its mouth; on the Ilockhocking; on Leading Creek, and in numerous other 
places. At the lower wells on the Muskingum, the salt roek is rcanhed at 900 feet from the surface, and in some of the 
localities farther up the river at*feO to 700 feet. Of brine from the former, 100 gallons yield as many pounds of salt of an 
excellent quality ; the upper springs are not so strong. On the Ilockhocking the salt is reached near Athens at a depth 
of son feet, and higher up the river it is much nearer the surlace. 

Marble and freestone, well adapted for building purposes, and gypsum, also occur. The Yellow Springs, in Greene 
County, gixty-four miles north of Cincinnati, are situated in a delightful regt'in, and have been resorted to witli advant- 

ClO 



OHIO. 

age in some cases of chronic diseases. The "White Sulphur Springs, in Delaware County, have also been found efQcaciuU3 
in some ciniplainls. 

The aiiriculiural productions of Ohio are such as are common to the Eastern and Middle States. Indian com is the 
staple grain, and of thb crop Ohio produces a larger (luantity than any other Slate, and exactly one-tcnlli of the whole 
crop of the United Sates; its wheat crop is one-seventh of the aggregate of the Union, and only surp:issi.'d by tliiit of 
Pennsylvania; Pennsylvania and New York alone produce larger crops of oals and buckwheat, and New Yorli :d<Mie a 
larger crop of barley. It ranks seventh as a tobacco-producing State, second in relation to wines, and fifth for silk 
culture. NTew York alone exceeds it in the value of its live-stock. It owns one-tenth the number of horses in the Union, 
ami more than any other State; only one State (New York) has a larger number of milch cows and other cattle. It haa 
more sheep than any other State, and in only four States are there a larger number of hogs. Cincinnati, its largest 
city, is renowned as the greatest hog-packing centre of the West. One-ninlh of the butter produced in the Uuite<I States 
is made in Oho. and one-fifth of tbo cheese — in the production of the first Pennsylvania and New York exceed it, and 
of the latter New York alone. lu tlie production of wool it has no competitor, and of this article one-fifth of the whole 
product of the country is clipped in Ohio. No markets in the United Stales are more profusely or cheaply supplied 
with meats and vegetables than those of the large cities of Ohio. Fruits of all kinds are raised in great plenty, esi)ecially 
apples, which grow to a large size, and are finely flavored. Its potato crop is only exceeded by the crops of two other 
States. 

The rapid growth of Ohio has never been paralleled; in the sixty years from 1T90 to 1S50, its population rose from, 
8.000 to 1,?S0,40S. Its fertile lands attracted immigrants from all parts to settle in its smiling valleys and rich plains. The 
Germans, among the foreign population, are in the largest number; next the Irish, English, French, British American, 
"Welch, Scotch and Swiss, most numerical in the priority of position here assigned them. 

Ohio is divided into S7 counties, the general statistics of which, and the capitals of each, in 1S50, were as follows: 






_ . r^ II „ Farms Maniif. 

Counties. Dwell. Pop. ^^ ^.^^^ Kstab. 

Adams 8,205.. 1S,SS3.. 1,609.. 

Allen 2,070.. 12,109.. 1,146.. 



Ashland .. 
Ashtabula . 
Athens 



. 4,123.. 23,T92. .2,235.. 

, 5,306.. 2S,760.. 2,243.. 

8.121.. 1S,215.. 1,372.. 



5,823.. 84,600.. 2,652 
27,832. .1,848.. 
30,789.. 2,202.. 



Auglaize.... 2,020.. 11,3;J3..1,.3I3. 
Belmont 

Brovra 4,8.38 

Butler 5,315 

CarroU 8,068.. 17,086.. 1,926.. 

Champaign. 8,4.37.. 19.763. .1,677.. 

Clark 3,753.. 22,178. .1,.393.. 

Clermont... 5,4-37.. 80,455.. 2,098.. 

Clinton 3,245.. 18,S8S.. 1,866. . 

Columbiana 6,8.34.. 83,621.. 2,838.. 
Coshocton... 4,325.. 26,674.. 2,736. . 
Crawford... 3,070.. 18,177.. 1,210. . 
Cuyahoga... 8,239.. 48,099.. 2,228.. 

Darke 8,476.. 20,274.. 2,151.. 

Deflance.... 1,237.. 6,966.. 296.. 
Delaware... 3,754.. 21,S17.. 1,855. 



185. 

92. 
269. 

41. 



Erie 8,363.. 

Fairfleld.... 6,207.. 

Fayette 2,155.. 

Franklin.... 6,701.. 

Fulton 1,.355.. 

Gallia 

Geauga ... 

Greene 

Guernsey. . 
Hamilton. . 
Hancock. . . 

Hardin 1,402.. 

Harrison.... 8,526.. 

Henry 610.. 

Highland... 4,477.. 
Hocking.... 2,867.. 

Holmea 8,436.. 

Huron 4,619.. 



, 2,975.. 17,063, 
. 8.240.. 17,827 
. 8,760.. 21,946 
5,079.. 80,4.38, 
21,021.. 156,843. 
, 2,824 



Ml.. 
82. 
9. 



Jackson . . . 
JefTerson... 

Knox 

Lake 

Lawrence . 



2,120. . 
6,191.. 
4,853.. 
2,700. , 
2,563.. 



18,568.. 1,021.. 
80,264. .2,883.. 162 
12,726.. 1,007.. 29 
42,910. .2,066.. 
7,781.. 826.. 

,1,190.. 

,1,906.. 

,1,C26.. 

2,209.. 

2,602, 
16,751. .1,636.. 
8,251.. 783.. 
20,167. .1,668.. 
3,4a5.. 307.. 
25,781.. 2,.323.. 
14,119.. 1,180.. 
20,452.. 2,171.. 
26,203.. 2,414.. 
12,721.. 1,164.. 
29,132.. 1,833.. 
23,873.. 2,263.. 117, 
14,654. .1,449.. 250 



Capitals. 

26.. TVcst Union 
51.. Lima 
71.. Ashland 
251.. Jefferson 
60.. Athens 
80..'Wapakonett3 
St. Clairsvlllo 
Georgetown 
Hamillon 
Carrolltou 
93..Urbana 
156.. Springfield 
17S..Batavia 
S3.. Wilmington 
ISO. .New Lisbon 
153.. Coshocton 

8 . . Bucyrus 
162.. Cleveland 
10..Green\ille 
81.. Deflance 
95.. Delaware 
73.. Sandusky 
Lancaster 
Washington 
Columbus 
Ai 

Gallipolia 
36..Chardon 
, 132..Xcnia 

73.. Cambridge 
1,463.. Cincinnati 

85..Finlay 
. 26.. Kenton 
74.. Cadiz 
15.. Napoleon 
151. .Ilillaboro* 
15.. Logan 
122..MiUersburg 
236..Norwalk 
14.. Jackson 
3Sl..SteubenvilIe 
Mount Vernon 
Painesville 



15,346.. 251.. 29.. Burlington 



Dwell. 



Pop. 



6,6.59.. 38,646. .3,313. 



8,313.. 
4,674. 
2,225. 
, 1,742. 
4,298. 



19,103. 
36,086. 
12,363. 
10.015. 
23,735. 
12,618. 
24,441. 
17,971. 
7,712. 
24,996. 



,1,626 
,2,4.30 
. 683.. 
. 774.. 
,2,052.. 
, 919.. 
.2,461.. 
.1,149.. 
. 675.. 
.1,682.. 



. 28,351.. 2,637. 
88,219.. 2,063. 



Couiitiea. 

Licking 

Ltigan 

Lirain 

Lucas 

Madison . . . 
Mahoning . 

Marion 2,158 

Medina 4,4;30, 

Meigs 8,1.36, 

Mercer 1,313 

Miami 4,891 

Monroe 4,892 

Montgomery 6,627. 

Morgan 4,886.. 28,585. .2,126.. 

Morrow 8,6,52.. 30,280. .1,552.. 

Muskingum. 7,757.. 45,049.. 2,6S0.. 

Ottawa. 613.. 8,308.. 227.. 

Paulding.... 307.. 1,766.. 77.. 

Perry 8,537.. 20,775. .1,814.. 

Pickaway .. 8,600.. 21,003. .1,261.. 

Pike 1,935.. 10,963.. 731.. 

Portage 4,512.. 24,419.. 2,264.. 

Preble 8,749.. 21,736.. 1,799. . 

Putnam 1,246.. 7,221.. 603.. 

Richland... 6,206.. 80,879. .2,522.. 

Koss 6,676.. 82,074.. 1,435.. 

Sandusky... 2,*i7.. 14,306. .1,391.. 

Sciota 8,086.. 18,423,. 751.. 

Seneca. 4,645.. 27,105.. 2,532.. 

Shelby 2,405.. 13,958 

Stark 6,773.. 89,373 

Summit 4,385.. 27,485 

Trumbull... 5,429.. 30,490, 
Tuscarawas. 5,441. 

ITnion 2,0.59. 

Van Wert... 786.. 

Vinton 1,.569.. 

Warren 4,494 

Washington. 4,906.. 29,540.. 1,776.. 

Wayne 6,713.. 82,981.. 2,904.. 

Wilii.ims ... 1,390.. 8,013.. 651.. 

Wood 1,542.. 9,157.. 704.. 

Wyandott... 1,964.. 11,292.. 928.. 



332.. Newark 

S8..Bellefontaine 

64..Elyria 
101.. Maumee City 

46. .London 
105..Can(iold 

14. .Marion 

77.. Medina 

57..Pomeroy 

9..Celina 
177. .Troy 

43..Woodsfleld 
234.. Dayton 

95..M'Conuellsville 

51.. Mount Gilead 
363..Zauesville 

11.. Port Clinton 
4.. — 

25. 

71. 

23. 
127. 



.1,363.. 
.3,177.. 
..2,329.. 
..2,758.. 
31,761 . 
12,304. 

4,813.. 317.. 

9,358.. S06.. 

25,561. .1,985.. 



Somerset 
CircleviUo 
Piketou 
Ravenna 
109.. Eaton 
IL.Kalida 
118.. Mansfield 
141..Chillicothe 
57.. Fremont 
73.. Portsmouth 
199.. Tiffin 
28.. Sidney 
294.. Canton 
292.. Akron 
138.. Warren 
2,250.. 159.. N.Philadelphia 
1,265.. 16..Marysville 
13..V.an Wert 
24.. M' Arthur 
2.31.. Lebanon 
108..M.irietta 
8S0..Wooster 
29.. Bryan 
21..Perrjsbnrg 
87..U. Sandusk-y 



The whole number of dwellings in the State, was at the above date 836,098, of families 843,523, and of inhabitants 
1,980,408, viz., whites 1,956,108— males 1,004,111, and females 951,997; fr. col. 34,300— males 12,239, and females 12,061. 
Of the whole population there were dfnf and dumli—vh. 939, fV. col. 8— total 947 ; llind—vih. 663, fr. col. 13 — total 665 ; 
insane— vih. 1,336, fr. col. 17 — total 1,.352 ; and idiotic — wh. 1,380, fr. col. 19— total 1,399. The number of free i>er9ons 
bom in the United Slates was 1,757,556 ; the number of foreign birth, 218,512 ; and of birth unknown, 4,393. Tbo nutitt 
C16 



OHIO. 

populatinn originated as follows : Maine ",314, N. Hamp. 4,821, Verm. 14,o20, Mass. 18,7C:3, R. I, 1,950, Conn. 22,S55, New 
Torii S.3,(IT9, N. Jer. 28,532, Penu. 200,634, Del. 4,71,\ Md. 3G,C9S, Disl. of Col. 89s, \'irg. Sn,"i;2, N. Car. 4,3liT, S. Car. 1,4CS, 
Ga. 447, rior. 17, Ala. 219, Miss. 422, La. 64S, Tex. 29, Ark. 141, Tenn. 1,873, Ky. 18,829, Ohio 1,219,432, Micb. 2.2.3S, InJ. 
7,377, III. 1,415, Mo. 656, la. 37S, Wise. 196, Calif. 0, Territories 24. And ihe foreign population was composed of persons 
from— England 25,660, Ireland 61,662, Scotland 5,232, Wales 5,849, German.v 111,257, France ",.375, Spain IS, Porlugal 7, 
Belslum 103, Holland 348, Turkey 1, Italy 174, Austria 29, Switzcrlanii 8,291, Kussia 84, Denmark .53, N.irway IS, Sweden 
65, l'ru.5sia 765, Sardinia 15, Greece 0, Cliina 3, Asia 6, Africa 7, British America 5,880, M«xico 26, Central America 12, 
S. .iVmeriea 41, West Indies 86, Sandwich Islands 1, and other countries 544. 

The following table will show the decennial increase of the population, since the first census of the State taken by the 
United States authorities : 

Ctiiored Per-^,,ns. Peceniiml Incre.isp. 

Census White . ' . Total * " , 

Years. I'ersona. Free. Slave. Tutal. PojHiLiIion. K.iii.cfiral. I'l-rt'-nl. 

1800 45,028 837 — 3.37 4.5.365 — — 

ISIO 225,861 1,889 — 1,899 230.760 1^9,395 408.7 

1820 676,572 4,803 — 4,862 581,4;M .350,674 151.9 

18-30 , 928,729 9,508 6 9,.5C8 987,9n3 3,56,469 61.3 

1S40 1,602.122 17,842 3 17,315 1,519,467 681„5I>4 62.0 

1850 1,956,108 44,300 — 24,300 l,9'i0,4OS 460,941 30.8 

Tlic delinito statistics of its wealth, productions, industry, and institutions, according to the ceasus of 1S50 uai other 

official returns, are as follows: 
Litc-St'xk.—'V)is number of animals of the several descriptions in 1810 and 1350 are shown in the following table, also 

the ratio of increase and decrease from the first to the latter period : 

reacripliwa. 184n. IS.W. Moreniei 

J 403,397 head i 



Y""™-V;;-; \ 4.30,527head ^'^^•fy!. I inc: 80, 293 head, or S.4pcroenL 

Asses and Mules ' t o,4-'3 ) 

.. I 1 644.499 " 1 

. . !.1,217,S74 " \ 65,381 " V. 

. . ) ( 749,067 " ) 



425,718 




dca: 888,487 




or 47.7 


59,078,695 


" 


ina: 25,410,551 


" 


or 75.5 


13,472.742 


" 


deer. 920,361 


u 


or 7.1 


S&J,3.'.3 


(t 


ilia: 141,918 


u 


or 60.7 


638,064 


" 


inor. 4,925 


" 


or O.S 



Milch Cows 1 1 644.499 

Working O.xcn J.1,217,S74 " \ 65,381 " )■ imr. 141,073 " or 11.6 

Other Cattle 

Sheep 2,028.401 " 8.942,929 " J7ICTS 1,9U,.528 " or 94.3 " 

Swine 2,099,746 " 1,964,770 " dacr. 134,976 " or 6.4 " 

—in 1850, the whole was valued at J44,121,741. j 

Grain Craps.— V/hi:a.t, 14.487,351 bushels; rye, 425.718 bushels; Indian com, 59,073,095 biishels; oala. 13.172,742 
bushels; barley, 354,358 bushels; and buckwheat, 033,064 bushels. On comparing these witll the rotnrns of 1340, the 
following results are attained: 

Cropa. 1.S40, ISW. MoveTneiit, 

Wheat 16,571,661 bushels 14,4S7,.3.51 bushels deer. 2,034,.310 bushels, or 12.5 per cent. 

Kye 814,205 

Indian com 8-3,663,144 

Oats 14,-393,103 

Barley 212,440 

Buckwheat 633,139 

(" In some of the largest wheat-growing States, the crops of 1849 fell far below the average. In the Stale of Ohio, espe- 
cially, was there great deficiency, and was made apparent by the returns of the wheat cmp for the ensuing ye.ar— made 
in pursuance of an act of the legislature of that Suite, From the almost universal returns of "short crop" by the tuar- 
shal in that State in 1349, which fell below that of 1339 two millions of bushels and the ascertained crop of 1S50, we 
are fully satisfied that the average wheat crop of Ohio would ajjpear thirty per cent, greater than shown by the census 
returns. The same causes which operated to diminish the wheat crop of Oliio were not without their effects upon that 
of olher States bordering on the upper portion of the valley of the Mississippi.'*)— .AJe/^. o/ Supt. of Cemus Jjureau^ Ifii 
Deceniber, 1352. 

Other Food Crops.— Teas and beans, 60,168 bushels ; potatoes— Irish, 5,057,769 bushels, and sweet, 187.994 bushels. 
The potato crop of 1339, as shown by the census of 1840, amounted to 6,805,021 bushels ; and hence there has been a de- 
crease in the crop of 559,253 bushels, or 9.7 per centum. 

Miscellaneous Cro/i-s.- Tobacco, 10,454,449 pounds; hay, 443,142 tons; clover-seed, 102,197 bushels; other grass seed, 
37,310 bushels; hops, 63,731 pounds; hemp— dew-rotted, 140 tons, and water-rotted, 60 tous; flax, 440,937 pounds; flax- 
seed, 183,830 bushels ; silk cocoons, 1,552 pounds; sugar— maple, 4,688,21)9 pounds, and cane, 197,000 pounds; molasses, 
808,308 gallons; bees-wax and honey, 804,275 pounds; wine, 48,207 gallons, etc. Value of orchard products, $095,921; 
and of market-garden products, $214,204. The principal of these, compared with the crops of the similar staples pro- 
duced in 1339, exhibit the following movement : 

Stople. 1S40. ISSn. Movement 

Tobacco 6,942.275 Ita 10,4r4.449 llxs incr. 4,.513,174 lbs,, or 76,9 per cent 

Hay 1,022,"37 tons 44:?,142 tons deer. 573,895 tons, or 66.6 " 

IIops 62,195 lbs 63,781 lbs iner, 1,540 lbs., or 2.4 " 

Hemp — dew-rotted i t 140 tons i 

water-rotted |- 9,0S0Hon3-j 5 tons Wscr. 19,508,023 lbs., or 96.2 " 

Flax ! I 446,9371bs,* I 

Sugar-maple j. g 353 33,. n,,, ( 4,5SS209 lbs I ,/^„._ j 573477 lbs., or 24-9 " 

" cane 1 i 197,»oo lbs ) 

Wine 11,624 gals 43,207 gab -iner. 36,08:3 gals.,or 318.3 " 

' Tlie correctness of the returns as to hemp in the seventh census h.as not jet heen perfectly verilied, in a few in^t.ances tliere tjeing some doubt 
whether Olc marshals, have not written tons where they meant poanda.- Repi'rt i'/ Supt . of Ctnsiit Bureau, \il Dec, Xi^Z. (If they hnj written 
"tons" in the case of Oliio, it coutd not have been much further from the truth than the " pounds" set down under this head., -Eo. Gas.) 

F4 617 



OHIO. 

Products of Animal f. —Wool, 10,196,371 pournla; butter, -84,449,379 pounds; cheese, 20,819,542 pounds ; and the value 
of animals slaughtered during the year 1S49-50, was $7,439,243. The wool crop, according to the census of ls40, 
amounted to 8,635,515 pounds, and hence the increase of that of 1S50 was in the ratio of 176.6 per centum. In 1S40, the 
average clip per fleece was 1.S2 pounds, and in 1S50, 2.59 pounds, making an increase equal to 12.3 oz. nearly, or 42.3 per 
centum, and exhibiting an improvement in the breeds in a like ratio. 

Occupied Lands, et<:. — Improved farm lands, 9,S51,493 acres, and unimproved lands belonging to farms, 8,146,000 acres, 
together valued at $3oS,76S,603. The whole number of farms under cultivation on the Isl June, ISoOj was 14o,SS7. Value 
of farming implements and machinery, $12,750,535. 

ITo7n^-made Manufactwres were produced in the year ending 1st June, 1850, to the value of $1,712,196. The same class 
of goods for the year represented iu the census of 1340 was valued at $1,853,937. 

Manufactures. — Aggregate capital invested, $00,000,000 ; value of all raw material, fuel, etc., consumed, $00,000,000 ; 
average number of hands employed 000,000 — males, 000,000, and females, 0,000; wages paid per month, $000,000; to 
males, $000,000, and to females, $00,000 ; value of manufactures produced in the year, $00,000,000. The w hole number of 
industrial establishments in tbo State, producing to the value of $500 and upward annually, on the lat June, 1350, was 
10,550, and distributed as shown in the general table of counties — of the whole number S were cotton factories, 130 woolen 
factories, and iron-works 219—35 for the manufacture of pig iron, 133 for castings, and 11 for wrought iron— and 706 tan- 
neries. Ohio has also a large number of machine shops, hardware and cutlery manufactories, distilleries, breweries, 
harness manufactures, railroad car and carriage factories, tobacco factories, soap, candle, and oil factories, potteries, paper- 
re ills, flouring, grist, saw, and other mills, and other manufacturing establishments, large and small, which in the aggre- 
gate make up the summary above presented. The total capital invested in 1840 was $16,905,257. 

In cotton manufactures capital invested amounted, at the date specified, to $297,000 ; the value of all raw material, 
fuel, etc., consumed to $237,060; number of hands employed, 401—132 males and 269 females; entire wages per month, 
$4,7-25— to males, $2,191, and to females, $2,534 ; products of the year, 280,000 yards sheeting and 4^33,000 pounds of yarn, 
valued together at $394,700. Cotton consumed, 4,270 bales, and coal, 2,152 tons. In 1S40, the cotton manufactures had 
a capital of $113,500, and employed 246 hands; and the value of products was $139,878. 

The 2c<?o?€« manufactures have a capital of $370,220; wool consumed in the year, 1,657,726 pounds; coal consumed, 
2,110 tons; value of all raw material, fuel, etc, $578,423; average hands employed, 1,201 — males, 903, and females, 298; 
entire wages per month, $21,441— to males, $18,191, and to females, $3,250; cloth manufactured in the year, 1.374,087 
yards, and yarn, 65,000 pounds, valued together at $ljlll,037. The capital in woolen factories in lS4(t, was $537,985; 
hands employed, 935. and value of products, $685,757. 

The statistics of the irori manufacture were as follows : 

Specificali<ms. Pig Iron. Cast Iron. Wrought Iron, Tot.il. 

Capital invested dollars. . . , 1,503,000 2,063,650 620,800 4,187,450 

Iron ore used tons 140,610 2,000 — 142,610 

Pigironused " — 37,555 13,675 51,230 

Oldmetalused " — 1,843 — 1,843 

Blooms used " — — 2,900 2,900 

Mineral coal consumed " 21,730 30,006 22,755 74,491 

Coke and charcoal consumed bushels . , . 5,428,800 355,120 466,900 6,250.820 

Value of raw material, etc dollars .... 630,037 1,199,790 604,493 2,484.320 

Hands employed— males number, .. 2,415 2,758 70S 5,881 

Monthly wages— males dollars .... 59,129 75,343 23,796 153,283 

Iron manufactured tons 52,653 37,399 14.416 104,473 

Value of products doUars.... 1,255,850 8,069,350 1,076,192 5,391,392 

In 1840, there were in the State 72 furnaces, producing 35,286 tons, and 19 bloomeries, forges, and rolling-mills, producing 
7,466 tons; capital invested in iron manufactures, $1,161,900, and hands employed, 2,263. 

The i(mn€reV'5 employed a capital of $1,340,339; value of hides and skins used, $1,118.080 ; hands employed, 1,826 ; 
monthly wages, $35,830; sides of leather tanned, 633,560, and skins tanned, 223,493; value of products for the year, 
$1,964,591. In 1340, there were 812 tanneries in the State, with an aggregate capital of $957,333, and employing 1,790 
hands; products of the year, 161,630 sides of sole leather and 234,037 sides of upper leather. 

The capital invested in the manufacture of malt aiul spiritiiou^ liquors was $1,262,974; quantities and kinds of grain, 
etc., consumed— barley, 330,950 bushels; corn, 3,588,140 bushels; rye, 281,750 bushels; oats, 19,500 bushels; hops, 173 
tons; hands employed, 1,033; quantities of liquor produced— ale, 90,943 barrels; whisky and high wines, 11,865,150 
gallons. In tlie manufacture of spirits, Ohio has a much larger interest than any other State, and in reference to the 
aggregate produced in the United States, the quantity produced in this State amounts to upward of one-fourih; and 
one-twelfth of the ale, etc., brewed is the product of Ohio. In 1340, the capital invested in these interests amounted to 
$893,119 ; hands employed, 793 ; 890 distilleries produced 6,329,467 gallons, and 59 breweries, 1,422,584 gallons. 

Foreign Co^nmsrce.— The direct intercourse between Ohio and foreign states is of very limited amount, and is chiefly 
confined to a trade between the lake ports and Canada, the great bulk of its merchantable material being carried eiiher to 
the sea-board at Philadelphia, New York, Boston, or to New Orleans. The latter port is the natural dep6t of Southern 
Ohio. The direct imports from foreign countries in the year ending 30th June, 1850, were valued at $582,504, and the 
exports at $217,632. Of the imports, the value carried in American bottoms was $393,999, and in foreign bottoms, 
$133,505; and of the exports the value of domestic products was $217.532 — in American bottoms, $117,939, and in foreign 
bottoms, $99,543, and of foreign products, $100 carried in foreign boUoms. The statistics of the shipping employed in 
this branch, of industry for the year quoted are embraced in (he annexed aggregates : 

Entered Cleared. (Totnl. 

Nationality * *■' ■■ ■ - % , ' , , * , 

orsiiippiiig. Vesaela. Tona. Crewa, Vessels. Tons. Crews. Vessels. Tons. Crews. 

American 178 21,628 1,065 137 15,4,85 761 315 37,113 1.826 

Foreign 136 18,243 899 131 18,322 884 267 86,565 1,783 

Total 814 39,871 1,964 268 83,807 1,645 632 73,67S 3,60» 

61S 



OHIO. 



The statifltica of tho value of exports and imports for a series of years are thus stated la the Treasury Rt'purts: 



Imports. 

$293 

102 



12,893 



rear. 
1337 . 
1S33 . 
1S39. 
1340 . 
1S41. 
IS 12 . 
1S43. 



Exports. Imports, 

$132,S« $17,747 

139,827 12,89.1 



991.984 4,015 

793,114 11,318 

899,736 l:3.0!)l 

120,103 10,774 



Exports. 
.$— 



Import". 



Year. 

1S44. 

1S46. 

1S4C 302,630 

1S4T 77S,9-14 

1S48 147,509 

1S49 14;i,T24 14y,d;J9 

ISoO 21T,G32 552,504 



821,114 TS.195 

102,714 
90,GS1 
186,726 



yesr. Exports. 

1S29 $2,004.. 

as;30 . . 

1S31 . . 

1S32 58,394 . . 

1S83 225,&44 5 

1S34 241,451 19,767 

1835 97,201 9,s03 

1836 3,718 10,960 

The total shipping owned in the Slate amounted to 62,463 ton.'*, of whirli 3G,S94 was owned in tlio district of Cuynlio^ja, 
of wliich Cleveland ia the port of entry, 7,32S in that of t>andusivy, 17,1S9 in llmt of Cincinnati, an<l 2,029 in lliat of Miami. 
The two first are lake districts, and the two latter districts on the Ohio River. All this sliippini^, except 72 tons of the 
class "licensed under 20 tons," was " enrolled and licensed," and employed in the coahting and river trade; and of the 
whole, 28,653 tons were navigated by steam-power, viz., in Cuyahoga district, 9,994 tons; in that of Sandusky, 1,214 tuns; 
in that of Cincinnati, 16,906 tons; and in that of Miami, 539 tons. During the year there had been built in the several 
districts 31 vessels — 1 schooners, 11 sloops, and 16 steamers, of the aggregate burden of 5,215 t'lns— in Cuyahoga district, 
9 schooners and sloops (6S7 tons) ; in Sandusky, 5 schooners and sloops (421 tons) ; and in Cincinnati, 16 steamers and 1 
sloop (4,107 tons). 

Domestic Commerce. — As before remarked, Ohio sends the great bulk of its productions to the sea-hoar<l by Iho late, 
river, canal, and railroad routes, and by the same routes its imports are carried. Tlie value of this coranierco is immense, 
but can not well be stated in figures, except in isolated eases, which serve more as indiees of its va'^tness by all the routes, 
than as a definite reply to the question. The exports and imports of the lake ports, and of those of the principal points 
on the Ohio Kiver, are ascertained, and partially so the tonnage and value of goods carried on the railroads ; but these, 
also, in some measure, are not sufficient data from which to ascertain the exact commerce of tho State, as they include a 
large amount of the products of, and goods destined to, the Stales farther west. If the annual commerce be set down at 
$160,000,000, it will not be far from its actual value. The exports from the lake ports alone amounted, in 1S5'», to 
$17,027,885, and the imports to $25,035,955. The exports of Sandusky increased from $3,099,939 in ISSO, to $20,027,051 
in 1S52, and the imports from $7,010,304 to $45.072,406 ; and those of the other lake ports in like proportion. The exports 
of Cincinnati average $24,000,000 a year, and the imports $40,000,000. These are at the principal outlets of the Slate, and 
serve to illustrate its general commerce, but theie are numerous other points at which the commercial movement is also 
on an extensive scale. This vast commerce is yearly increasing, but to what amount it may ultimately attain can only bo 
determined by the progress of settlement and production. Its immense mineral wealth, its fertile soils, and the facilities 
it enjoys for manufactures generally, are such as to invite the attention of both capitalist and producer, and within tho 
Stale there is as much habitable space as is required for a population equal to that of tho British islands, and hence its 
progress in wealth, population, and industry, can only be impeded by the attainment of a like status with that nation. 

Internal ImprovemenU. — Ohio has completed and is prosecuting numerous enterprises in the way of internal improve- 
ment. Its canals and railroads are on a most magnificent scale, crossing and recrossing in every direction, bringing tho 
int^-Tior to the borders, and uniting there with the like improvements in the adjoining States. The map of Ohio presents 
in its several lines a complete net-work of avenues, the principal running from the lake to the river— from Cleveland and 
Sandusky to Cincinnati, and from the States eastward to those on the west— from Pittsburg, "Wheeling, and Parkersburg, 
toward the Mississippi. The chief raih-oad centres are Cleveland and Sandusky on the lake coast; Mansfield, Mount 
Yernon, Newark, Zanesville, Columbus, Xenia, Bellefontaine, Sidney, Springfield, Greenville, Dayton, and Hamilton, in 
the interior; and Cincinnati on the river. From all these points lines radiate in every direction. Its great valleys are 
traversed by canals. With respect to Macadamized roads, turnpikes, and common roads, few other Stales are so amply 
provided; and in every du-ection connecting the commercial centres with each other, and with the adjoining States, lines 
of magnetic telegraph have been in existence for several years. The total length of canal in the State is 930 miles, and tho 
total length of railroad on the 1st January, 1853, was 1,463 miles, and 1,400 miles of the latter was then in progress of 
construction. The latest statistics respecting canals and railroads will be found in the appendix. 

G<nernment. — The present constitution of Ohio was done in convention 10th March, 1S51, ralifled by the people 17th 
June, and went into operation 1st September of the same year. It provides : 

The right of miffrage is enjoyed by every white male citizen of the United States, twenty-one years old, resident in the 
State one year next preceding the election, and in the county, town, or ward in which he lives such time as may be pro- 
vided by law; but no idiot or insane person is allowed lo vote, and the General Assembly may disfranchise and make 
ineligible to hold office any person convicted of bribery, perjury, or other infamous crime. All votes are given by ballot, 
and the general elections are held on the second Tuesday of October biennially. 

The General Asseml/hj consists of a House of Representatives and Senate, the House consisting of one hundred mem- 
bers and the Senate of Ihirty-flve members, elected in districts for two years, their terms commencing on the 1st January 
after the election. The apportionment of representatives and senators is based on the results of the federal decennial 
census. Members must be residents of their respective districts one year next preceding their election, unless absent on 
the public business of the State or of the United States. No person convicted of embezzhng public funds, or who shall 
be in any way connected with a duel, can hold office, nor any person holding public monies have a seat in the Assembly. 
No member during his term, and for one year atlcr its expiration, shall be eligible to any office that may have been 
created, or the pay of which may have been increased, during his term. No money shall be paid by special act or any 
claim unless by a two-thirds vote of the members elected. In all elections by the Assembly the vote shall be vivd voce. 

The executive functions are vested in a Governor, who is elected biennially by a pluraUty of votes. The Lieutenant- 
governor, Secretary of Slate, Treasurer, and Attorney-general are elected in the same way and for the same term, to 
commence on the second Monday of January. The Auditor is elected for four yeai?. These officers continue in office 
until their successors are elected and qualified. The Governor has power to pardon, except in cases of lre:Lsou and 
impeachment, but must report each case, with his reasons, to the Assembly. In case of the death of the Governor, the 
Lieutenant-governor succeeds ; afier him the President of the Senate; and he failing, then the Speaker of the House. 
The Lieutenant-governor is ex-offircio President of the Senate. Tho Auditor Treasurer, Secretary, or Attorut^y-gcueral 

619 



OHIO. 

dying, being disabled, or removed, the Governor may flll the vacant office pi-o h^mpore, but Ihe vacancy shall be fllled 
at the first general election that occurs more than thirly days after it happens ; and the person then elected shall hold 
office for the full term. 

The Judicianj consists of a Supreme Court, Courts of Common Pleas, Probate Courts, etc The Supreme Court con- 
sists of Ave judges chosen by the people at large, a majority of whom form a quorum and pronounce a decision. One 
judge is elected annually for five years. The court has original jurisdiction in quo wamuito, mandamuHy habeas cor- 
pm, and procedemlo, and such appellate jurisdiction as may be provided by law, and holds at least one term in each 
year al the seat of government For the purpose of electing judges to and holding Courts of Common Pleas, the State la 
divided into nine districts (of which Hamilton County forms one), and each district is subdivided into three parts, IVora 
each of which one judge — lo reside while in office in his district — is chosen by the electors of each subdivision for five 
years. Courts of Common Pleas are held by one or more of the judges in every county as often as the law may provide, 
an<l more than one court may be held at the same lime in each district District courts, composed of the judges of tho 
Court of Common Pleas of the respective districts, and one of the judges of the Supreme Court, any three of whom forms 
a quorum, are held in each county of the several districts at least once in each year. The district courts have original 
jurisdiction in the same classes of cases as the Supreme Court, and such appellate jurisdiction as may be provided by 
law. In each county there is a Probate Court, open at all times, holdeu by one judge chosen by the voters of each 
county for three years. Justices of the peace are elected in the several townships also for three years. All other judges 
arc chosen by the voters of tlieir respective ju<lieial districts for not more than five years. Vacated judgeships arc fiUed 
pro Umipore by the Governor, but a successor to the vacating judge is elected at tho next general election, if occurring 
more Uian thirty days after the vacancy happens. A Clerk of the Common Pleas is chosen in each county for three 
years, and such clerk is clerk of all the courts of record in bis county, unless otherwise provided by law. Courts of Cou- 
ciliation may be established. The Legislature, at its first session, provided for the appointment of three commissioners to 
revise and simplify the practice, etc., of the courts, and, as far as practical and expedient, to abolish distinct forms 
of action, and the difference between law and equity. In Cleveland and Cincmnati there is also a Superior Court, and in 
Cincinnati a Conunercial Court, the jurisdiction of all which is local. 

A Board of Public Wor1c.% consisting of three members, one elected annually for three years, has charge of the cauals, 
railroads, and other works belonging to the State. 

Among the other principal provisions of the conslitutiou are the following: no new count}' shall be made, or county 
line or county seat changed but by a vote of the county ; lotteries, and the sale of lottery tickets, shall be prohibited ; a 
bureau of statistics may be established ; imprisonment for debt, except in cases of fraud, shall be abolished ; compensa- 
tion, assessed by a jury, shall be paid for all property taken for the public use without deduction for beneflta to auy 
adjacent property of the owner; all white male citizens, resident in the State, between the ages of eighteen and forty-five 
years, shall be enrolled in the militia ; the principal of all funds arising from the sale of lands or other property granted 
or entrusted to the State for cducatitmal and religious purpose's, shall be forever inviolable, and tho income thereffoio 
faithfully applied to the specific objects of the original grants; a thorough and efficient system of common schools shall 
be secured throughout the State ; institutions for the benefit of the insane, blind, deaf and dumb, shall always be fostered 
and supported by the State ; the State shall never contract any debt for the purposes of internal improvement but it may 
contract debts to meet casual defects in the revenue, or expenses not otherwise provided for— the aggregate never lo 
exceed $750,000; it may further contract debts to repel invasions, etc., or to redeem the present outstanding debt; the 
credit of the State shall never be lent to any individual or corporation, nor shall the State become a stockholder in any 
association, or assume any debt except in the cases above provided for; the Secretary of State, Auditor, and Attorney- 
general shall be the commissioners of the Sinking Fund, which consists of the net annual income of the public works and 
Blocks, and of such funds raised by taxation or otherwise as may be provided by law, which shall be made sufficient to 
pay the accruing interest on the public debt, and annually not less than $100,000. 

To amend the constitution, it is necessary that three-fifths of the members elected to each house shall vote in favor of 
the proposed amendments, which shall be entered upon the journals, with the yeas and nays, and shall be published in 
at least one newspaper in each county for six months preceding the next general election, and at such election the amend- 
ments shall be separately submitted to the people; and if a majority vote therefor, they shall become a part of the 
constitution. At the general election, in ISTl. and every twentieth year thereafter, the question, "Shall there be a con- 
vention to revise, alter, or amend tho constitution ?" shall be submitted to the people ; and at any time, if considered 
necessary by two-thu-ds of ihe Assembly, and a subsequent majority of the people, a convention may be called for tho 
same purpose. 

The militia force of the State consists of 170,455 men of all arms, of which 2,051 are commissioned officers, and 174,404 
non-commissioned officers, musicians, artificers, and privates. Of the coomiissioned officers 91 are general officers, 217 
general stafl" officers, 462 field officers, etc., and 'J,20S company officers. 

The principal benevolent ijvstitutions of the Slate are the Ohio Lunatic Asylum, tho Deaf and Dumb Asylum, and the 
Institution for the Blind. All these are located at Columbus. The number of patients in the Lunatic Asylum, on the 15tU 
November, 1S40, was 823—169 males, and 154 females ; the number received during the subsequent year, 193—112 males 
and SI females, and the number discharged during the year, 193— lOS males and 90 females. Of those discharged, 99— 
49 males, and 50 females, were recovered ; 9—5 males and 4 females, much Improved ; 15 improved ; 53 unimproved ; (43 
chronic cases) and 22 died. The Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb has been in actual operation 21 years, and during that 
period there have been 462 pupils. The number in the Institution for the Blind, including graduates and pupils, on tho 
25th December, 1S50, was 73—40 males and 33 females; 13 pupils were received iluring the year, and 10 discharged. 
Applicants for admission must be between the ages of C and 21 years. If able to pay, the two last institutions charge .$100 
for the 10 months' session, from 1st October to 1st August 

Fiiiances, etc.— Tho total amount of receipts, for the year ending November 15th, 1S50, was $2,536,555 40; total 
resources of the treasury (including balance for former year), $3,091,993 SO. Disbursements for the same period, 
$2,960,927 13. Excess of resources, $131,066 12. The "chief sources of income" were— taxes on real and personal 
property, including arrears, $1,243,564 S3; taxes on professions, peddlers and foreign insurance companies, and auction 
duties, etc., $30,297 52; taxes on banks and St'tte insurance companies, $56,42S 95; canal tolls, water rents, etc, 
$728,035 73 ; dividends, turnpike, and canal, $29,833 2n ; principal of surplus revenue. $177,213 35; interest on surplus 
revenue, $.55,741 SS; canal lands sold, $42,691 43 ; road tolls, $49,103 04; taxes paid through Auditor of State. $37,330 47; 
Bchool and ministerial lands sold, $68,371 OS; claims collected, $4,271 52; and misceUaneous, $7,407 54; and the principal 
620 



OHIO. 

" obji'Cls of expenditure" were— bills drowu for a])|)ropriiitions, $891,1S6 48 ; common school fund, $200,0(10 ; inlcresl en 
foreign debt, $1,032,355 03 ; interest on special school and trust fund, Ji)7,2T2 81 ; interest on domestic bonds, $28,0114 C6 ; 
repairs on canals and public works, $32i),505; repairs on national road, $47,242 06 ; Stale debt paid, $057,830 :U. 

The State ilel/t, on the ISth November, 1 830, amounted to $18,744,504 32, the annual interest on which was $1 ,124,530 13. 
The constilucnis of this debt were— domestic bonds outstanding, $493,824, drawing annually $20,940 10 Interest ; irrrdueiblo 
Block, school and trust funds, $1,683,990 03— annual interest, $101,039 SO ; ;md foreign debt, $10,500,778 09— annual interest, 
$996,5,56 23. During the year ending .is above, $:35,76S 38 of the domestic bonds had been redeemed. The irreduoiblo 
stock, on which the State pays 6 jier cent, interest to the townships and districts from which the funds were received, 
forms |iart of the Slate debt which is not to be repaid. The United States surplus revenue, amounling to $2,007,200 34, 
and loaned to the fund commissioners of the counties, was due to the Stale .laim.'iry 1st, ls50, except certain balances luit 
due until 1852 : $1,016,226 53 has already been repaid. After due, if nr>t paid, the counties must pay per cent, on what 
remains in tlicir han<is. The State owes $3,01 1,8.58 71 of turnpike, railway, and canal stock. The gross income of public 
works, for the year 1850, was $728,085 72. Total value of taxable properly, real and personal, was $439,870,840, upon 
which the State tax was $1,413,830 42. The total valuation of property, in 1844, was $130,142,060, and the taxes levied 
$948,996 13, showing an immense septennial increase, as compared with the valuation and taxation of I'lSO. The number 
and value of domestic animals in the State by the assessors for 1850, were as follow s : horses 513,6.52, valued at $19.142,789 ; 
mules 2.180, valued at $S0,S2S ; cattle 1,103,811, valued at $11,315,560 ; sheep 3,812,707, valued at $l,9S4,9s3 ; hogs, 1,672,1 78, 
valued at $1,902,029. Total valuation of domestic animals, $34,432,189. The whole value of personal propei ty, exclusive 
of the above, upon the duplicates, was $98,487,503. These numbers and values, it will be perceived, ditfer essentially tjrora 
those given in the census of the same year by the United States authorities. 

BtiiiA-s. — According to returns made to the oflico of the Auditor of the State, on the Isl August, 1S51, the condition of 
Ihe banks was as follows : 

RESOURCES. 12 Imlependent Banka. 41 Ur.tmlies of SInte Ilitijks. 5 ni.l K.-ir.ka. 

Notes and biUs discounted $2,670,372 84 $11,218,205 54 $3,(B3..5:i5 09 

Specie 313,300 4-1 2,008,059 75 *is,:ts4 23 

Notes of other banks, etc 241,643 65 710,199 06 2'-9,638 00 

Due from other banks and bankers 242,873 56 583.473 58 250.s;,5 21 

E.-islern deposits 894,840 65 1,541.000 ?/.) 47o,.'i92 IS 

Checks and other cash items 29,092 82 4.5,891 58 63,371 OS 

Bonds deposited with StaU- Treasurer 1,465,480 88 922.328 40 — 

Iteal estate and personal property 113,695 92 199,274 76 149,002 04, 

Other resources 65.149 &1 270,941 60 132,573 2,5 



Total resources $6,630,459 10 $17,502,274 66 $5,443,731 70 

LIABILITIES. 

Capital stock paid in $864,030 00 $4,830,210 00 $1,923,920 01) 

Circulation 1,376.295 00 8,023,702 60 ],&J6,784 00 

Safety Fuuil 1,262,310 S8 68,2.40 94 — 

Due to banks and bankers 269,474 84 344,973 93 502,670 33 

Due Oi individual depositors 1,610.963 14 3,005,006 68 1,000,193 89 

Surplus and undivided proOts 25,144 10 225,681 39 837,130 04 

Hills payable and time drafts 112,071 33 135,840 81 15,976 00 

Discounts, interest, etc 71,726 31 238,149 06 12,;190 19 

Dividends unpaid 12.985 93 22.-21 80 6.704 .50 

Other lialiilitics 31,856 97 1,011 60 7.8-5 75 



Total liabilities $.5,.536,459 10 $17,502,274 66 $5,443,731 70 

—thus it appears that the aggregate capital of the Ohio baclis is $7,014,756 ; specie, $2,739,74;3 ; circulation, $13,035,781 ; 
and discounts, $17,642,112. 

J'Wleral Hcpi-i^'i'^ntittinii. — In accordance with the act passed on the 23J May, 1850, ajijiorlic/ning rcpresentativf s to 
Congress, Ohio is entitled to tw€ntt/-one members. 

FducatioJi. — The whole number of " common sc^hool" districts in the State, in 1850, was 9,390, and of fractional districts 
1,342. The number of common schools was 12.270. tangltt by 7,924 male and 5,163 female teachers. Knrolled scholars, 
421,7*!— males, 236,827 and females, ls4,iJ00; average daily attendance of scholars, 337,875 — males 190,891, and females, 
146.984. Wages paid to teachers from public funds, $506,469 10— males, $393,642 09 and females, $112,857 07; an<l jiaid 
from other sources, $125,6,52 67— males, $100,049 44 and females, $25,003 13: total $0:J2,121 73— males. $493,691 53 and 
females, $138,4:30 20. School-houses built during the year, 248 — expense, $64,823 22. Amount of building funds raised, 
$76..345 47 : amount of tax on duplicates, $309,408 05; and received by reporting counties from State fuiul, $148,048 03; 
total from all sources, $560,764 99. 

The principal " collegiate establishments" in Ohio are— Ohio University, at Athens, founded 1S04 ; Miami (Asmr. Ili'f.) 
University, at Oxford, founded 1.809 ; l-'ranklitl Cttllege, at New Athens, founded 1S25 ; Western Uescrve (^I'lr-^hi/f' rittii) 
College, at Hudson, f.ninded 1826 ; Kenyon (Kphmpul) College, at Gandjicr, founded 1827 ; Granville (IStiplixt) College, 
at Granville, founded 1831; Marietta College, at Marietta, founded 1836; Oberlin (COT(i//r[/f(«(onn;) C<illege, at Obcrlin, 
founded 1834; Cincinnati College, at Cincinnati, foun<led 1819, which in 1860 had 8 professors and 84 stuilenls, aiirl in 
the law department 3 professors and 25 students; St. Xavier (/?w?i. (7(/?/i.) College, at Cincinnati, founded l-ito; Wood- 
ward College, at Cincijmati, founded 1831: Ohio Wesleyan University, at Delaw.ire, fotmdcd 1842; and Wittenberg 
(filirietian) College, at Springlleld, founded 1845. The statistics of these several institutions, in 1350, wiTo as follows : 

Sto. Lib. 

.50 7,000 

. :» 6,0110 



Cllleges. 


I'rof. 


Sti.. 


l.ii.. 


CoO^jies. 


fro 


Ohio Univ 


...5 .. 
... 6.. 


.20 .. 
.. C6 .. 


. . 5,000 
.. 8,1100 


Kenyon 


... 5 


Miami Univ.. 


Granville 


... 4 


Franklin 


... 4 .. 


.. SO .. 


. . 2,200 


Marietta 


... 


W. Ueserve . . 


...8 .. 


. . 67 . . 


. . 8,000 


Oberlin 


...12 



6,400 
. 4,200 



Cc.O«-efl. 


PruC 


Stii, 


Lib. 


SL Xavicr 


. 18 .. 


, . 70 . . 


.. 0,300 


Woodwar.I 


. 5 .. 


.. 19 .. 


.. 1,400 


O. Wesl. Univ. 


. 9 .. 


. . 40 . . 


. . .3.700 


Wittenberg ... 


. 7 .. 


.. 37 .. 


. . 4,600 



Theological departments are attached to Kenvon, Western Keserve, Granville, (il.erlin, and Wittenberg, ami there are 

021 



omo. 



Lane Seminary, at Cincinnati, and the Theological Seminary of the Associate Reformed Church, at Oxford. 
Blatistics of these are as follows : 

Names. Founjed. Pror. Slu. Library. 

Lane Seminary 1S29 8 3C 10,500 

Kcnyon ISiS 4 4 4,600 

■Western Reserve 1S30 3 14 790 



The 



Namea. Founded. 

Granville 1533 

Oberlin 18M 

Associate Reformed.. lS-39 



i. Prof. 


Slu. 


Library. 


2 ... 


.. 8 ... 


... 500 


3 ... 


..20... 


... 250 


1 ... 


...12.. 


... 1,000 



The medical schools wilhhi the Slate, and their statistics for 1S51, are — the Western Reserve Medical College, at Cleve- 
land, founded in 1S44 (6 professors, 202 students, .ind 411 graduates) ; the Medical School of Ohio, at Cincinnati, founded 
1S19 (8 professors, 130 students, and 331 graduates) ; Western College of Homoeopathic Medicuie, at Cleveland, founded 
18S0 (.8 professors, 62 students, and IT graduates) j Starling Medical College, at Columbus, founded 184T (8 professors, 
124 students, and 53 graduates). 

Besides the above, there are in all the large towns numerous academic and denominational schools, etc., supported 
partly by endowment and partly by charges for education. Among these the Roman Catholic convents, nunneries, 
schools, etc., are conspicuous, and as a general fact these are better conducted, more extended in their curricula, and, 
aside from their religious bearing, everywhere unexceptionable and worthy of imitation by all sectaries. 

PuhUc Libraries.— One State library— 12,600 volumes; 8 social— 21,295 volumes; 13 college— 36,610 volumes; 19 
student— 20,205 volumes ; 8 academic and professional— 12,629 volumes ; 1 scientific and historical— 10,000 volumes ; 3 
public school— 1,595 volumes. Total libraries 48, and volumes Vsifiii.— Report of Lihrariun of Smit/ismiian Institute. 

Periodical Press.— The whole number of periodicals published in the State, on the 1st June, 1880, was 302, of which 
108 advocated whig and 93 democratic principles, and 100 were neutral in politics, or devoted to science, religion, 
literature, etc. Of the whole number 28 were published daily, circulating at each issue 90,060 copies, or 29,2!4.328 copies 
annually ; 6 tri-weekly, 1,961 copies, or 805,915 annually ; 4 semi-weekly, 2,800 copies, or 291,200 annually ; 222 weekly, 
211,862 copies, or 11,016,824 annually ; 7 semi-monthly, 32,920 copies, or 790,030 annually ; and 20 monthly, 66,500, or 
786,000 annually. Total copies issued annu.ally 42,404.348. The counties and number of periodicals issued in each was — 
Adams, 1 w. ; Allen, 1 w. ; Ashland, 2 w. ; Ashtabula, 3 w. : Athens, 1 w. ; Auglaize, 2 w. ; Belmont, 2 w. and 1 m. ; 
Brown and Butler, each 3 w. ; Carroll and Champaign, each 2 w. ; Clark, 1 t.-w. and 4 w. ; Clermont and Clinton, each 

2 w. ; Columbiana, w. ; Coshocton, 2 w. and 1 s.-m. ; Crawford, 1 w. ; Cuyahoga, 3 d. and 6 w. ; Darke, Deflance, and 
Delaware, each 2 w. ; Erie, 2 d., 3 w., and 1 m. ; Fairfield, 2 d. and 3 w. ; Fayette, 1 w. ; Franklin, 2 d., 2 t.-w., 6 w., 2 m., 
and 1 occasionally ; Gallia and Geauga, rach 2 w. ; Greene, 1 w. ; Guernsey,2 w. ; Hamilton (Cincinn.ati), 8 d., 1 t-w., 32 w., 
1 B.-m., and 14 m.; Hanocck, 8w. ; Harrison, Hardin, HighKind, and Hocking, each 2 w. ; Holmes, 3 w. ; Huron and 
Jackson, each 2 w. ; Jefferson, 6 w. ; Knox, 6 w. ; Lake and Lawrence, each 1 w. : Licking, 2 s.-w. and 4 w. ; Log.an, 2 w. ; 
Lorain, 2 w. and 1 s.-m. ; Lucas, 2 d., 2 t.-w., and 3 w. ; Madison, 1 w. ; Mahoning, Marion, and Medina, each 2 w. : Meigs 
and Mercer, each 1 w. ; Miami, 1 s.-w., 6 w., and 1 m. ; Monroe, 1 w. ; Montgomery, 4 d. and 6 w. ; Morgan and Morrow, 
each 2 w. ; Muskingum, 1 d., 1 t.-w., 6 w., and 1 annually ; Perry, 2 w. ; Pickaway, 1 8.-w. and 3 w. ; Pike, 1 w. ; Portage, 

3 w. ; Preble, 2 w. ; Putnam, 1 w. ; Richland, 6 w. ; Ross, 2 d. and 4 w. ; Sandusky, 3 w. ; Scioto, 2 d. and 2 w. ; Seneca 

4 w. ; Shelby, 2 w. ; Stark, C w. ; Summit, 3 w. and 1 s.-m. ; Trumbull and Tuscarawas, each 3 w. ; Union, 1 w. ; Van 
Wert, 2 w. ; Vinton, 1 w. ; Warren, 2 w. and 1 m. ; Washington, Wayne, and Williams, each 2 w., and Wood, 1 weekly. 

Peligioua Denominations.— Ihe statistics of the several religious denommations, according to the census returns of 
1S50, are exhibited in the annexed form : 





Church 


Value of 


Denomina- No. of 


Church 


Value of 


Denomina- No. of 


Cburch 


Value of 


tiuns. Cliurclies 


ai-xom. 


Properly. 


liune. Cliurches 


aecom. 


Pr(i|ieny. 


lions. Churclies. 


actom. 


Properly. 


Baptist 545. 


184,098.. 


$598,780 


Germ'nEef: 71.. 


20,315. 


$71,860 


R. Catholic. 180.. 


70,215.. 


$763,307 


Christian... 90. 


80,190.. 


60,165 


Jewish 3.. 


1,300. 


29,000 


Swedenb'g.. 2.. 


700.. 


15,800 


Congrcgat'l. 100. 


41,920.. 


207,880 


Lutheran... 259.. 


90,343. 


259,975 


Tunker 10.. 


4,550.. 


9,975 


Dutch Rcf.. 5. 


1,160.. 


2,000 


Mennonite. 9.. 


1,730. 


1,825 


Union 48.. 


18,640.. 


87,900 


Episcopal.. 79. 


31,975.. 


367,425 


Methodist.. 1,520.. 


539,840. 


1,542,181 


Unitarian. . . 1 . . 


050.. 


15,000 


Free 13. 


5,100.. 


9,KiO 


Moravian.. 153.. 


49.645. 


93,072 


Universalist, 53.. 


20,765.. 


100,690 


Friends 94. 


30,866. . 


82,175 


Presbyter'n. 659.. 


271,499. 


1,383,199 


Minor Sects. 41.. 


20,250.. 


111,950 



—making a total of 8,890 churches, having accommodation for 1,447,052 persons, and owning property to the value of 
$5,765,149. The State forms a diocese of the Protestant Episcopal Church, and comprises the Roman Catholic archdio- 
cese of Cincinnati, and the suffragan diocese of Cleveland. The towns of Covington and Newport, in Kentucky, and the 
adjacent territory for three miles, belong also to the province of Cincinnati. 

Pauperism and Crime.— The whole number of paupers that received assistance and support within the year ending 
Ist June, 1860, was 2,513, of which 1,904 were native-born, and 609 foreigners ; and the whole numl)er on the rolls on the 
Ist June as aforesaid, was 1,673, of which 1,251 were native-born, and 419 foreigners. Annual cost of support, $95,250. 
From the report of the attorney-general it appears that during the year 1350 there were 3,008 prosecutions, 1,273 convic- 
tions, and 295 acquittals. The punishments were— penitentiary for life, 3 : for ten years and over, 6 ; and for under ten 
years 118 ; and 221 were sent to the county jails. Tlie amount of lines was $14,224 68, of costs $19,290 60, and of col- 
lectable costs $9,076 08. The Ohio penitentiary, on the 30th November, 1849, contained 336 conrtcts; admitted during 
the year 198, and discharged 106, leaving 424 in conllnement at the end of the official year 1850. Of those discharged, 
42 was by expiration of sentence, 33 by pardon, 21 by death, 5 by writ of error, 2 by pardon of President of the United 
States, and 3 escaped ; and of the 193 committed 145 were convicted of offenses against property, 7 of arson. 13 of forgery, 
and 82 of offenses against the person. Receipts from convict labor $35,740 74, and expenses of maintaining prison 
$26,877 56— balance in favor of prison $3,863 18. There is a library of nearly 8,000 volumes connected with the prison, 
for the use of the convicts. 

J/istoHcal Sketc7i.—&s a district territory, Ohio dates from the first year of the present century. Previous to this time 
it constituted a portion of the "Territory North-west of tho Ohio," over which Congress had exercised Jurisdiction 

since 1787. 

The French were the first to eitploro the waters of the Ohio. In 1680, La Salle traversed the tract between the lakes and the 

Mississippi, and for upward of half a century Frcuclmicn seem to have been the only visitors of this region. Their object was 

the fur trade ; nor did they, like their English neighbors, manifest any disposition to appropriate the country by setllements. 

Within the actual limits of Ohio, indeed, no setUcments appear to have been ever made by the French. About the middle 

622 



OHIO. 

of Ihi- eighteenth centurj-, a controversy, between the Canadian traders and the English, respectinc; this country, sprung 
np and finally involved both nations in war, and ended only with the overthrow of French power hi America. The 
charters of many of the British provinces extended their claims to the Pacilic, and their settlements had proceeded grad- 
ually westward. The French claims, on the other hand, proceeded from north to south, and consequently intersected those 
of the English, or, as respects actual occupation, their possessions formed a cordon round those of the English. In IToD, 
an associatiun, chiefly residing in Virginia and England, obtained from the crown a grant of 600.000 acres lying in the 
country claimed by both nations. Trading houses were immediately established, and surveys commenced, of which 
measures the governor of Canada soon became acquainted. France and England being then at peace, remonstrances 
■were made on the subject, but expostulation and threats having had no effect, the French seized two British subjects, who 
were found trading with the Indians, and sent Ihem to Presque Isle, on Lake Erie, where a strong fort had been erected. 
This and other acts of violence determined the governor of Virginia to send an officer to the French posts. The illustrious 
Washington, tlien a major of militia, was commissioned for the purpose, wlio, after great difficulties, delivered a letter to 
the commandant, at a fort on the river La Bceuf, requiring him to withdraw from the British territory on the Ohio. The 
answer was of such a nature that, on the return of Washington, the Virginia legislature caused a regiment to bo raised, 
in which he received the second command. In April, 1T54, his chief having died, the command devolved upon himself, 
and he, with two companies, advanced into the disputed country; but, on his route to the head of the Alleghany and 
Monongahela, was attacked by a superior force, and compelled to surrender. Soon after this event, open war was 
declared, and the British government sent out a powerful force under General Braddock. The object of the campaign of 
1755 was the capture of Fort Da Quesne, and the secure possession of the country on the Ohio. The expedition was uusuo- 
cessfiil, and the French maintained possession of the country until the surrender of Canada in 1T6-3, which included also 
the whole country westward to the Mississippi. 

From whatever cause, though now thrown open to the American trade, the beautiful valley of the Ohio was left in undis- 
turbed! occupancy of its original inhabitants. The government, indeed, seems to have had no disposition to encourage 
settlement. The Indians were still numerous and powerful, and, on the breaking out of the Revolution, were incited by 
the British against the frontier settlers, and committed many barbarous excesses. During all this period occupancy was 
impossible. The treaty of peace, although it transferred the sovereignty of the country, yet left it subject to Indian depre- 
dation, and it was not until 17S7 that any settlement was begun within the limits of the present State. Previous to thai 
year, the right of soil, subject to the Indian title, was claimed by several of the States, as having passed to them l)y their 
charters, and soon after the peace of 17S3 jealousies had arisen in consequence of the vast extent of these possessions, 
which were only allayed by the cession of the whole to the United States. Virginia, however, reserved a portion of land 
(3,709,S4S acres) near the rapids of the Ohio for her State troops, and Connecticut a tract near Lake Erie (3,666.9'21 
acres). These were subsequently confirmed to the several claimants. In ISOO, jurisdiction over these reservations was 
also relinquished by the States owning them, reserving to themselves claim to the soil. Other tracts, known as Symmes* 
purchase (2S4,fi9S acres), and the Ohio Company's purchase (1,144,509 acres), were subsequently recognized, as were also 
several individual claims. It now remained for tlie United States to purchase from the Indians the soil and riglil of 
possession, which, owing to the hostility of these people, was not completely effected for many years, nor until ranch blood 
bad been shed on both sides. In 17S7, Congress began to exercise jurisdiction over the territory. A territorial govern- 
ment was instituted consisting of a governor, secretary, and three judges, wlio, in addition to their ordinary functions, had 
also a partial legislative power. The ofBcers appointed under these provisions administered the government of the 
whole territory until 1799. During a greater part of the porio.l of the temporary government, a harassing warfare was kept 
up with the Indians, instigated, if not assisted, by the British. In 1791, General SL Clair, who had been sent against the 
Miamis, was surprised and totally routed. This disaster operated as a serious check upon the progress of settlement. In 
1794, however, a decided victory was obtained- by General Wayne, and in the succeeding year hostilities were suspended, 
and the treaty of Greenville terminated the war. Ohio was now free from savage incursion, and began to prosi)er ; 
settlements which had been suspended recommenced with increased vigor. Up to the year 17S7. only 11S.5S2 aore^ of 
land had been sold by the general government— none wjis disposed of between that period and 1799, in whicb year G-iO 
acres were sold. In ISOO, 70,943 acres wgre dispose*! of; in ISOl, iSG.7S7 acres, and up to ISIO, 2.S;3:3,662 acres had been 
sold. To lS-20, the total dispositions amounted to 6,705,301 acres ; to 1S30, to S,224,495 acres ; to 1S40, to 13,150,577 acres, 
and to 1S49, there only remained in the hands of the government 509,230 acres. The aggregate disposed of to the latter 
period was 25,007,730 acres, viz., sold, 12,490,215 acres ; donated— to schools, 675,094 ; to colleges, 24,320 ; to internal im- 
provements, 1,200,051, and to individuals, 32,141 ; military bounties — old war, 1.301,326; war of 1S12, 63,S42, and Mexican 
war, 49,120 ; reservations— salaries, 24.210 ; Indians, 10,331, and companies, S,S05.976 (including Virginia and Connecticut 
reserves, etc); private claims, 20,400; swamp lands (granted to State), 303,329 acres. Thus it will be seen thai, in fifty 
years from the institution of a regular representative government, the whole land has been vu-tually taken up, and gene- 
rally settled upon. 

In 1799 the North-western Territory, having a sufficient population, was admitted to a secoml grade of territorial gov- 
ernment, which entitled it to a representative body, composed of delegates chosen by the people, and a council apponued 
by Congress from nominations made by the House of lieprcseutatives. Shortly after, the country composing the Slate of 
Ohio was detjiehcd from the general territory, and formed into a distinct government. On the 30th April, 1S02. on tho 
petition of the people. Congress passed a law enabling them to form a constitution and State government, and the condi- 
tions prescribed by that act having been complied with, Ohio became a sovereign State and member of the Union in 1S03, 
Thus admitted to the privileges of self-government, tho growth of Ohio has been uninterrupted. No oliu-r State of tho 
Union has surpassed it m rapidity of progress. The disposition of its lands, and the population at decennial periods 
(before given), show an augmentation unparalleled in history. Its position with respect to the old States may in some 
measure account for this, but it has had many disadvantages to contend with. The first pioneers had no steam horses to 
drag them to their desert home, no steamboats to skim their rivers, nor telegraphs whereby to communicate with their 
friends in the east. Their joumeyings were toilsome and their fare hard, nor was there rest for them when their travels 
ended; the Indian met them with menace, and the thick forests had to be hewn through before a crop could be planted. 
How different the things of to-day, when the immigrant has little more to do than throw himself in a well padded car, .ind 
be set down at his future residence without trouble of any sort, tho wide prairie ready to receive the seed of his first har- 
vest, and a thriving country around him. These matters ought to be considered when the settlement and progress of Ohio 
are compared with those of other States. It was not until the year 1S25 that any road was built from the sea-board States 
into Ohio. On the 4th July of that year the ceremony of breaking ground on the National Pvoad west of the Ohio was 

C28 



oni 



oni 



celebrated. On the same day ground was broken at Licking Summit for the construction of tlie Ohio Canal. To-day 
canals, railroads, turnpikes, and every means and mode of transportation and traTel are open to all parts, and enjoyed by 
the people in a greater degree than in most other States of the Union, and certainly than in any European country, with 
the exception of Great Britain. 
Columbus, on the east side of the Scioto River, is ihe political capital of the State. 



Omo county, Ind. Situate S. E., and contains 9S sq. m. 
Drained by Laughery cr. and other small streams of the 
Ohio r., which runs on its eastern border. Surface in gen- 
eral billy ; soil of average fertilit}'. The county is well tim- 
bered. Ciiiff productions, wheat and Indian com. Farms 
SSO; raanuf, 34; dwell. 946, and pop.— wh. 5,299, fr. col. 
11— totol 0,310. Capital : Rising Sun. 

Ohio county, Ky. Situate toward the N. W., and con- 
tains 72S sq. m. Drained by Rough cr., a branch of Green 
r., and its branches. Surface level ; soil generally fertile, 
nnd highly productive. Staples, tobacco, Indian corn, park, 
etc. Farms 1,122; manuf. 24; dwell. 1,425, and pop. — wh. 
8,568, fr. col. 49, si. 1,132— total 9,T49. Capital: Hartford. 
Oiuo county, Yirg. Situate N. W., and contains 112 
Bq. m. Drained by "Wheeling cr. and other small streams, 
which enter the Ohio r. on its W. border. Surface in gen- 
eral broken and hilly : soil fertile, and on the banks of the 
Ohio are some tine tracts of land. Chief productions, wheat 
and Indian com. It contains a large quantity of bituminous 
coal, and some iron. Farms 376 ; manuf. 143 ; dwell. 3,097, 
and pop.— wh. 17,607, fr. col. 235, si. 114— t^ital 18,006. Caj)- 
itat: Wheeling. PuhUeWork^: Baltimore and Ohio R.R., 
etc. ; llempfield E. E. 

Ohio, t. and p. v., Herkimer co., jV. Y. : 60 m. N. W. Al- 
bany. Drained by West Canada cr. and its branches. Sur- 
face very hiliy ; soil good. There are several mills in the 
town. The v. is small, and centrally situated. Population 
of 1. 1,051. 

Omo, p. v., Andrew co,, Mo,: 276 m. N. W. Jefferson 
City. 

Ohio river: a large river of the United States which sep- 
arates the states of Virginia and Kentucky from Ohio, 
Indiana, and Illinois, second in importance only to the 
Mississippi, is formed by the confluence of Alleghany river 
fi-om the N., and Monongahela from the 3., at Pittsburg, in 
the western part of Pennsylvania. The Alleghany r. rises 
in Potter co., Pa., on the W. side of the Alleghany mount- 
ains, flows into the State of New York, and returns mto 
Pennsylvania, and is the most important tributary of the 
Ohio. It is navigable for boats of a hundred tons, and of a 
hght draft to Olean, Cattaraugus co., N. T., 270 m. from its 
mouth in the Ohio, 600 feet above the level of the river at 
Pittsburg, 1,230 feet above the level of the ocean, and 2,500 
miles from the Gulf of Mexico. The Monong.ahela rises in 
Virginia, nnd where it unites with the Alleghany is more 
than 400 yards wide. It is navigable at a good stage of the 
water for large boats, 100 m. from its mouth. The Alle- 
ghany, though not larger than the Monongahela at the junc- 
tion, is the more important stream. Immediately below the 
junction, the Ohio is over 600 yards wide, and is a placid 
and beautiful stream. At Pittsburg it is 6S0 feet above tide- 
water ; at the mouth of the Muskingum, 541 feet; at the 
mouth of the Scioto, 464 feet; at Cincinnati, 414 feet; at its 
mouth in the Mississippi. 800 feet. Its length from Pitts- 
burg to its mouth, is generally stated at 959 m. ; but the 
distance in a direct course is about 614 m. Its average de- 
scent is not quite five inches in a mile. The French called 
it la heUe riviere^ or the beautiful river; bift its name, 
according to Heckewelder, is derived from the Indian word 
Ohiopckhanne, meaning a very white stream, alluding to 
the while caps with which its gentle surface is covered in a 
high wind, omitting all but its first part for case of pronun- 
ciation. The Ohio, for some distance below Pitt.sburg, is 
rapid, and the navigation interrupted at low water by chains 
of rocks extending across the bed of the river. The scenery 
is exceedingly beautiful, though deficient in grandeur, ex- 
hibiting great sameness. The hills, two or three hundred 
624 



feet high, approach the river, and confine it on either side. 
Their tops have usually a rounded and graceful form, and 
are Covered with the verdure of an almost unbroken forest. 
Approaching Cincinnati, the scenery becomes still more 
monotonous. The hills recede from the river, and are less 
elevated. Heavy forests cover the banks, and limit the 
prospect, but exhibiting a beautiful verdure, and often exu- 
berant with blossoms. The river exhibits the same scenery, 
as we continue to descend it, except that the hills become 
less bold and rocky. Cities, villages and farm-houses are 
passed through the whole course of the river; but as the 
bottom-lands on its immediate margin are liable to be over- 
flowed, the inhabitants prefer to settle a little back from the 
river, bo that the dwellings in view do not correctly e.xhibit 
the population in the vicinity. Between Pittsburg and the 
mouth of the Ohio, there are as many as 100 considerable 
islands, besides a great number of sand-bars and tow-heads. 
These last are low sandy islands, incapable of cultivation, 
and covered with willows. Some of the islands are of ex- 
quisite beauty, and furnish desirable situations for a retired 
residence. The principal tributaries of the Ohio are the 
Muskingum, Great Kanawha, Big Sandy, Scioto, Great 
Miami, Kentucky, Green, Wabash, Cumberland, and Teu- 
nessee. The Ijist three are the most important, of which 
the last is the largest. One remarkable circumsiance re- 
specting the Ohio, as well as other western rivers, is its 
great elevations and depressions. In the summer and 
autumnal months, it often dwindles to a small stream, afford- 
ing limited facilities for navigation. Among the hills of 
Pennsylvania and Virginia, it is seen rippling over chains 
of rocks, through which a passage is barely afforded to 
boats of the lightest burden. Farther down, sand-bars 
either extend across the stream, or project into the bed of 
the river. Steamboats are sometimes grounded on the bars, 
where they are obliged to wait in peril fur the periodical 
rise of (he river. The lowest water is generally in the 
months of July, August, and September. The melting of 
the snows in the spring and heavy rains in autumn or win- 
ter, fill the river to overflowing, and many of its islands and 
the bottoms on its margin are covered with water. These 
rises are generally gradual, and attended with no danger. 
As the waters rise, trade and navigation are quickened into 
activity ; the largest steamboats, often of large tonnage, 
now float in security. The average rise of the water from low 
water mark is 50 feet, but in the year 1832 an extraordinary 
flood was experienced. Tne river began to rise early in 
February, and on the ISth of that monUi it was 03 feet 
above low water mark, and the lower parts of Cincinnati 
and Covington were flooded. The river here is 1,006 feet 
wide, and the velocity of the stream at its height 6 1-5 miles 
per hour. The water discharged by the rise of the river 
above low water mark alone, would fill a lake of one square 
mile in surface, 107 feet deep, in one hour. The surface 
drained by the Ohio and its numerous tributaries is about 
77,000 sq. m. ; and water four inches in depth on this sur- 
face would be suflUcient to maintain the river at the above 
height and velocity for fourteen days. Such a flood as this 
has scarcely been known since the first settlement of the 
country. There are no considerable falls in the river, ex- 
cepting at Louisville, Ky., where it descends 224 feet in the 
coxu-se of two miles. Even over these boats pass in high 
water. But they have been obviated by a canal around 
them, which admilsof the passage of the largest steamboats. 
The current of the Ohio is very gentle ; at the mean height 
of the river the current is about 8 miles an hour, at high 
water it is more, but at low water not more than two miles. 
During five or sLx weeks in winter, the navigation id oh- 



OIII 



OLD 



slrueteil by floatins: ice. The Ohio and if.-^ Iribulnrit-s Icne 
not less Ihan 5.000 miles of iiaviirahle waicrn. The fol- 
lowing distances have been (K-rived from soml iiulhnrity, 
and are donbtlesa eom-ct. From IMtlsbur-; to Steiibenvilli-, 
O., is 70 miles; to ■S^'heeling, Va., 92 mih^;*; to Marictla, 
O., 174 miles; to Gallipoli?, O., 204-J mik-s: t'> Porlsnioulh. 
O., 349 miles; lo Maysville, Ky., 397 miles; tn Cincinnati, 
O., 455^ miles ; to Lawrenoebnrg, la., 479i miles ; to Lonis- 
viUe, Ky., 587 miles; to New Albany, la.. ."iIM Tiiiics; to llic 
mniilh of Cumbt-rland river. Ky., OilO miles; mnulh of Ten- 
nessee river, Ky., 91H miles; motilh of Ohio 059 niik-s. 
Distances navigable by steam on the prineipnl brandies of 
the Ohio river: Tennesse, 730 miles; Cnmberland,40() nillcs; 
Wabash, 400 miles; Green, 150 miles ; Salt, 35 miles; Ken- 
tucky, 02 miles; Scioto, 50 miles; lV\g Sandy, 5o milei^: 
Kanawha, G5 miles; Musl<ingum, 70 miles; Monungahela, 
CO miles ; Alleghany, 200 miles. 

Otho City, p. v. and cap. Mississippi co., Jfo.: 195 m. 
B. K. Jt'fferson City, on an elevated b;Tnk on W. side of the 
Mississippi r., 2S m. below and opposite Cairo, in Illinois, 
and ennlains the court-house and usual number of public 
buililings. It is in a flourishing condilion, and bids fair to 
become a considerable place. 

Ohio City, p. v., Cuyahoga co., 0?do: at the mouth of 
Cuyahoga r., opposite Cleveland, and on Lake Erie, 126 m. 
IS. K. Columbus. It may be considered as a ,><uburl» of 
Cleveland, with which il is connected by bridges, over otic 
of which the Cleveland, Columbus, and Cincinnati 11. K. 
passes. The ground on which it stands is uneven, and pre- 
sents many fine building sites. It contains several foundries, 
furnaces, meelianie shops, etc., and is a well l)nilt and regu- 
larly planned place. Its commerce on llie lakes is larire, 
but is so blended with that of Cleveland ,as to admit of no 
separate statistical exhibit. Population, which ineludes also 
that of Brooklyn town, G,375. 

Ohio Fahm, p. v., Kenilall co., IlL: in the S. part of co., 
193 m. N". N. E. Springfield. 

Omo Gkove, p. o., De Kalb co., I?K .- 101 m. N. N. E. of 
Springfield. 

Oiiiovn.LE. p. v., Beaver co., Peiu). : 2 m. N. of the Ohio 
r., 1S7 tn. llarrisburg. It contains about 2u0 inhabitants. 

Ohl's Tow.v, p. o., Trumbull county, Ohio: 149 m. N. E. 
Columbus. 

Oiio<:ii'EE river, Ga. : rises in Washington co., flows S. E.. 
fonning the division between Emanuel and Montgomery 
counties, and passing through Tatriall. empties into the .\la- 
tamaha. This is the only consi<lerable tributary of the Alata- 
malia, and is navigable 40 miles. 

Oil CitFEK, t. and p. o.. Crawford county. Pmrj. : 171 m. 
N. W. llarrisburg. Drained by Oil cr, and its branches. 
Surface undulating, with good wood; soil average fertility. 
Oil cr. affords bituminous oil, which is valuable in pharmacy. 
Iron ore is found in the vicinity. The v. of Tilusvillc is in 
S. of t.. near the creek. Pop. of 1. about 775. 

Oir. oreek, Peyin.: enters the Alleghany river, S m. E. 
Franklin. It derives its name from a spring on its bank, 
on the surface of which floats an oil valuable for its medi- 
cinal qualities. 

Oil Mills, p. o., Clark co.. Kij.: "7 m. S. E. Frankfort. 

Otl Mill Village, p. v. and sla., Ilillslioro* county, 
N. Ifiunp. : on a branch of tlie Merrimae r., on the line of llie 
New Hampshire Central E. R., 11 m.from Manchester, and 
17 m. S. Concord. 

Oil Spkin-q Keservatiox, K Y. An Indian reservation 
about 1 m. squ.are. It contains a pool of water, the surface 
covered with an oily substance nmeh used for its cure of 
ditTerent diseases in man and beaat. Situate in the towns of 
Cuba and Tlinsdale. 

Oil Tr.ocGii, p. o.. Independence co., Ai'l:: on the S. 
bank of Arkansas r., 75 ni. X. N.E. Little Kock. 

OuAm-MKA, p. o., Marion county, Flor.: 1^5 m. S. E. 
Tailahnssee. 

Okanosudee river. Ala. : h formed in J/m. l)y the jiinc- 

G 4 



tion of the Noxubee, Dancing Ilabbit, Horse lliinler, and 
other creeks, flows S. E. into Sumter co., Aiti.^ and enters 
the Tombigbee at Gainesville. 

OKApiLeo. p. v., Lowndes CO., Ga. : on Okapilco r., 157 ra. 
S. by W. Milledgeville. 

Oeaw. p. o., Washington co., III. : near Elkhorn cr., 97 ra. 
S. Springfield. 

Okatcuee, p. o., Waukesha county, Wise: 5? m. E. 
Mailison. 

Okolona, p. o., Chickasaw county, J/iss. : 119 m. N. E. 
Jackson. 

<.>KONA<5ox river, Otrr/. Ter.: rises in the British posses- 
sions, flows S., and enters Clark's fork of Columbia, at Fort 
Okonag.-m. 

OKTiiiiJF.riA county. J/>\,s\ Silu.ate toward the N. E., and 
contains CIS sq. m. Drained by Oktibbeha r. and ila tribu- 
taries. Surface even; soil deep calcareous, and adapte<I to 
Cotton and irrain. Farms 5(50; mamif. 1:!; dwell. 744. and 
pop.— wh. 4,3(J9, fr. col. IS, si. 4,^44— total 9.171. Oij'ital : 
Starks^ille. 

Olamon, p. v., Penobscot CO.. Jf . .- (m the Uft bank of the 
Peuol.seot r., 2 m. N. of the ni'>u[h of Olamon r., and 84 m, 
N. E. Augusta. 

Olcott p. v., Niagara co., AT Y. : close on the S. shore of 
Lake Ontario, 259 m. W. by. N. Albany. 

Old Bbiuge. p. v.. Middlesex eo., A'. J. : on South r.. and 
near the Camden and Anibi>y P. P.. 24 m. N. K. Trenton. 

Old CEOAn Springs, p. o., Spartanlmrg dist., S. Car.: 
79 m. N. W. Columbia. 

Old CnuRcn, p. v., llanover county, Vir(/. : 15 ul X. E. 
Piehmonrl. 

Olii Coprt IIorSE, p. 0.. Bryan co., G'r. : 127 m. S. E. 
Milledgeville. 

OLDEN-iJtrKr,. p. v., Franklin co., In>f.: on a branch of 
Salter., 55 m. S. E. Indianapolis. 

OLnENiJUKG, p. o., Smith county, TfW.: 209 in. N. E. 
Austin. 

Oldfield Fork of Elk, p. o., Pocahontas co., Vlrg.: 
15s m. W. N. W. Piehmond. 

Old Forge, p. o., Luzerne county, Penn.: 179 m. N. E. 
llarrisburg. 

Old Fokt, p. o., M'Dowell county, N. Car.: 192 m. W. 
llarrisburg. 

()LD Fort, p. v., Centre co.. Perm.: on the Belle Fonte 
post-road, 57 m. N. W. llarrisburg. 

Old Furnace, p. o., Gaston co., X. Car. : 133 m. W. S. W. 
Kaleigh. 

Oldham county, Kj/. Situate X., and contains 17S sq. m. 
Drained by head bnmches of Floyd's fork of Salt r., liar- 
rod's, and other small creeks. Surface level, excepting on 
the Ohio, where it is rising and presents high bluffs to the 
river. Soil in general fertile, and the lan<l well ada|iled to 
grain, etc. Tobacco is also a v.aluable staple, and pork is 
exported to some extent. Farms 414; manuf, S; dwell. 
S5S, anrl pop.— wh. 5.15G, fr. col. 49, si. 2.424~toial 7,029. 
Capital: We.stpnrt. Public Works : Louisville and Frank- 
fort K. P. ; Louisville and Covington P. P.. etc. 

Oldham, p. v., Crittenden eo., ArK: : W. side of the 
Mississippi r., 122 m. E. N. E. Little Pock. 

Oldham's Cross Roads, p. o., Westmoreland co., Vinj.: 
49 in. X. E. Pichmond. 

Old Hickory, p. o., Wayne county, Ohio: S4 m. X. K. 
Columbus. 

Old Hickory, p. c, Simpson co., MiiiS. : 29 m. S. by E. 
Jackson. 

Old Hickory, p. o., Botetourt co., YiJ-g.: about 131 m. 
W. Pichmond. 

Old IIiCKoKY, p. o., Weakly county, Tcnv. : 107 m. W, 
Nashville. 

Old Hickokv, p. o., Bradford county, Penn. : Ifil ra. N. 
llarrisburg. 

Old Mines, p. v., Washington co., Mo.: 82 m. S. E. 
Jefferson Citv. 

C25 



OLD 



OLY 



Old Mission, p. o., Winnbheik co., la, : 113 m. N. i W. 
Iowa City. 

Old Point Comfort, p. o., Elizabeth City, Virg. : the 
N. point at entrance of James r., 09 m. S. E. Kichmond, and 
21 m. W. by N. Cape Henry. Fortress Monroe, on the ex- 
treme point, is used both as an arsenal and military post, 
and in connection with Fort Calhoun, on the Rip Kaps, 
commands the entrance to the river. The Point is much 
resorled to in summer, and has commodious hotels. 

Old liiPLEY, p. o., Bond county. 111.: 63 m. S. by E. 
Springfield. 

Old To^tn, p. v., Philip's co., Ark. : on the W. side of 
the Mississippi r., 95 m. E. by S. Little Kock. In the vicinity 
are to be found many aboriginal relics. 

Old Towk, p. v., Greenup co., K>/. : on old Old Town er., at 
its entrance into Little Sandy r., 115 m. E. N. E. Frankfurt. 
Old Tows, t. and p. v., Penobscot co., Me. : on the W. 
side of Penobscot river, 69 m. N. E. Augusta. Drained by 
Bhch stream and Pushaw r. There is a large pond on the 
W. border of the town ; soil fertile, adapted to grain. Indian 
Old Town, on an island in the river, is within this town, and 
contains an Indian settlement, having a church and several 
small dweUings. The Orono and Old Town E. K. extends 
from here to Bangor. The river at this point is much higher 
than at Bangor. The town contains a large number of 
mills, and a vast amount of lumber is manufactured for the 
Bangor market. Pop. of t. 3,0S7. 

Old To%vn, p. v., Alleghany co., 3fd. : on N. side of the 
Potomac r., 115 m. W. N. AV. Annapolis. The Baltimore 
and Ohio K. K. passes the village 2 m. distant. 

Old Tows, p. c, Forsyth co., A"! Car.: 97 m. W. N. W. 
Ealeigh. 

Old Town, p. o., Claiborne co., Te7in. : 167 m. E. by N. 
Nashville. 

Old Tows, p. o., Coffee county, Ala. : 71 m. S. by E. 
Montgomery. 

Old Washington CouRT-nousE, p. o., Washington co., 
Ala. : 130 m. S. by E. Montgomery. 
Clean, p. o., Eipley co., Ind. : 65 m. S. E. Indianapolis. 
Olran, t. and p. v., Cattaraugus county, A^ Y. : 255 m. 
W. by S. Albany. Drained by the Alleghany r. and its trib- 
utaries. Surface very uneven, and in parts much broken ; 
soil sandy, abounding in pine forests. A great quantity of 
lumber is exported annually down the Alleghany r. to the 
Ohio, much of which, as also scantling, in many cases reach 
the levee of New Orleans. The t- contains several stores 
and mills. The v. is situate at the mouth of Oil cr., on the 
Alleghany r., at the point where the Genesee Valley Canal 
and the Erie R. R. intersect each other and meet the river. 
It contains several churches, stores, dwellings, and a num- 
ber of mills. A steamboat of light draft has ascended the 
Alleghany to Olean, but there is much obstruction in tlie 
navigation. Below it is an Indian village, inhabited by 
several hundred Senecas and Onondagas. Pop. of L 899. 

Olkander, p. o., Marshall county, Ala. : 131 m. N. 
Montgomery. 

Olesa, p. v., Henderson county. III. : 81 ra. N. W. 
Springfield. 

Olesa, p. o., Huron co., Olrio: 72 m. N. by E. Columbus. 
Olentangv, p. 0., Crawford county, Ohio: 59 m. N. 
Columbus. 

Olkntangt, or Wuetsone river, O?tio: one of the prin- 
cipal tributaries of the Scioto, rises in W. pnrt of Richland 
CO., flows W. into Crawford, and then S. through Marion 
and Delaware into Franklin, where it joins the Scioto at 
Columbus. 

Olev, t. and p. o., Berks co., Perm. : 59 m. E. Ilarrisburg. 
Drained by Manatawny and Manookisy creeks. Surface 
even ; soil very fertile and highly productive. The "Oley 
Forge,'' c<mstructed in I'SO, having an annual production of 
200 tons blooms, is situate here. There are in the t. a num- 
ber of dwellings, stores, and mills, and some w<)rkshops. 
Pop. 2,309. 
620 



Olinda, p. c, Pike co., III. : 71 ra. W. by S. Springfield. 

Olio, p. o., Sheboygan co., Wise. .' SI m. N. E. Madison. 

Olio, p. v., Stoddard co.. Mo. : ISO m. S. E. Jefferson City. 

Olive, t, and p. o., Tlstcr co., A*: i*.; 50 m. S. S. W. 
Albany. Drained by Esopus er. Surface, central and E., 
rolling, and in the W. mountainous; soil, sandy and clay 
loam. It has two stores, a factory, and a number of mills. 
Olive and CaseviUe are the names of the post-offices. Pop. 
of t. 2,710. 

Olivk, L and p. o., Clinton co., MieJt. : 7 m. N. Lansing. 
Drained by Muskrat lake and Stony cr. Surface generally 
level; soil good^and heavily timbered. Pop. of t. 223. 

Oli%'e, L and p. v., Morgan co., Ohio: 75 m. E. S. E. 
Columbus. Drained by a branch of Duck cr. Surface 
varied, and soil generally fertile, well adapted to grain 
and grass. The village is situate on E. side of a branch of 
Duck creek. There are in the t several mills and work- 
shops. Pop. of t. 2,1.115 

Olive, p. o., Marion co., Ind. : a few miles distant from 
Indianapolis. 

Olive Bhanch, p. o., De Soto county. Miss. : 157 m. N. 
Jackson. 

Olive Branch, p. o., Clermont co., Ohio: 73 m. S. W, 
Columbus. 

Olite Branch, p. v.. Holt county, Mo.: 196 m. N. W. 
Jefferson City. 

Olive Bridge, p. o., Ulster co., y. Y.: 69 m. S. by W. 
Albany. 

Olive Grove, p. v., Decatur co., Ga. : on the E. side of 
Chattahoochee r., 175 m. S. W. Milledgeville. 

Olive Hill, p. o.. Carter CO., Ay. ; near Tygerl's cr., and 
9" m. E. by N. Frankfort. 

Olive Hill, p. o., Person co., I^. Car. : 49 m. N. by W. 
Raleigh. 

Olivers, p. o., Anderson county, Teim. : near Poplar cr., 
1.37 m. E. Nashville. 

Oliver's Prairie, p. v., Newton co., Mo. : 157 m. S, W. 
Jefferson City. 

Olivesburg, p. v., Richland co., Ohio: on Black Fork 
of Walhonding r., 06 m. N. by E. Columbus. 

Olitp.t, p. o., Eaton co., Mick. : 15 m. S. W. Lansing. 

Olivet, p. o., Armstrong co., Penn.: 132 m. W. byN. 
Harrisburg. 

Olivet, p. c, Russell eo., Ahi. : 59 m. E. Montgomery. 

Olmstead, t and p. v., Cuyahoga county, Ohio: 112 m. 
N. N. E. Columbus. Drained chiefly by rocky r. and its 
branches — in the W. by the head branches of Black r. of 
Lake Erie. Surface diversified ; soil rich and fertile. The 
principal v. is situate centrally, and there is also a station of 
the same name on the Cleveland, Columbus, and Cincinnati 
R. R., 15 m. from Cleveland. The t. contains several man- 
ufactories and mills. Pop. of 1 1,216. 

Olnet, p. o., Pickens county, Ala. : 107 m. W. N. W. 
Montgomery. 

Olney, p. 0., Philadelphia county, Penn. : 96 m. S. S. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Olney, p. v., and cap. Richland co., PI. : on W. side 
Fox r., 113 m. S- E. Springfield. It contains the county 
court-house. The " Olney Republican" (a weekly issue) is 
published here. 

Olneyville, p. o.. Providence co., P. I. 

OLrsTEE, p. v., Columbia co,, Plor. : near the source of 
Swift cr., 117 m. E. by S. Tallahassee. 

Oluster Creek, p. o., Pike county, Ala. : 85 m. S. E. 
Montgomery. 

Olvmpia, p. V. and port of entry, Lewis co., Ore^. Ter. : 
on the E. side of the estuary of Tenalquit or Shutes r.. on 
Puget's sound, 147 m. N. Salem. The first log cabin of this 
settlement was built in 1S47, by Wm. E. Sylvester, who now 
(1S52) keeps an elegantly furnished hotel in the place. The v. 
contains 4ii0 or 500 inhabitants, and has well-filled stores and 
various mechanic shoj^s, with two saw-mills and a grist-mill 
in the vicinity. A newspaper, the " Columbian," is pub- 



OLY 



ONS 



lisUed here weekly. The first American settlers north of 
Ihe Columbia river localtni themselves on Ihe prairies, near 
Olympia, in October, 1S45. They were 15 days in making 
a journey of 60 miles, from Cowlitz Landins; to the Sountl. 
having been compelled to cut a road through tlic heavily 
timbered part of the country. In 1S46, other settlements 
were made, and the first grist-mill of tlu' neigliborhood 
erected, previous lo which event Hit; inlial/itants lia<i been 
obliged to subsist on boiled wheat, or grind it by hand. 
The U. States Revenue collection district of Pugel's sound, 
ofwhich Olympia is the portof entry, was organized in ISSl. 
Olymi'ian ypEisGS, p. v., Bath county, Ki/.: 05 m. E. 
Frankfort. 

Olvmpi's, p. v., Overton co., Tenii.: ou the E. fork of 
Obeys r.,S7 ra. E. by N. Nashville. 
Omar, p. o., Jefferson ca. K Y. : 149 m. N. W. Albany. 
0.MEOA county, Mieh. Situate N. W., and contains 504 
Bq. m. Drained by Grand Traverse river and its tributaries. 
Surface even; soil generally rich and fertile. Organized 
since 1S50. 
Omega, p. o., Pikeco., Ohio: 61 m. S. Cohimbns. 
Omro, p. v., "Winnebago co., Wl^c. : on S. side of Nenah or 
Fox r.. 75 m. N. E. Madison. 

OsANoocK, p. v., Aceomac co., T7r{/. : on Onancock 
inlet of Ciicsapeak bay, 77 m. E. by N. Richmond. 

O'Neal's Mills, p. o., Troup county, Gu,: G5 m. W. 
Milledgt!ville. 

OsKoiio, p. o., Montgomery co., Tenn.: 43 m. N. W. 
Nashville. 

Oneco, p. v., Stephenson co., JIL: situate on Richmond 
cr., ISO m. N. Springfield. 

OsEiDA county, X. T. Situate N. centrally, and contains 
1.101 sq. m. Drained by Black and M<ihawk rivers and 
their affluents, and Fish, Wood, Oneida, and Oriskany 
ert'eks, all rif which furnish valuable water-power. Surface 
various, being pleasantly diversified by low hills and well- 
cultivated valleys. In the N. and N. E. it is more hilly. It 
contains beds of iron ore, gy]>sum, marl, peat, water lime- 
stone, and other minerals. This county may be said to 
emi)race a greater variety of geological formations than any 
other in the State. Farms 6,292 ; maniif. 952 ; dwell. 16.751, 
and pop.— wh. yS,013, fr. col. G53— total 9^,566. Copihils : 
Rome, TtVhitesboro', and Uliea. Pahlh: Works: Utica and 
Sjracuse R. R. : Watertown and Rome R. R.; Black River 
and Frencli Creek R. R. ; Clack River Canal ; Erie Canal ; 
Chenango Canal, etc. - 

Oneida, t. and p. o., Eaton co.. Mn-h. : 13 m. "W. Lansing. 
Grand r. forms its N. E. boundary, by the tributaries of 
which the t, is drained. Surface gently undulating; soil 
calcareous and sandy loam, with thick vegetable mold. It 
has good timber lands. There is a valuable sand-stone 
quarry on Grand r, in the X. E. part of t., which is wrought 
to a considerable extent. Pop, of t. 492. 
Oneida, p. o.. Brown co.. Wise. : 119 m. N. E. Madison. 
Okeida creek, K. Y. : rises in Eaton, Madison county, 
flowing N. by W,, in part divides the counties of Madison 
and Oneida, and empties into the lake so called. Its tribu- 
taries afford good mill-seats. The cr. is used as a feeder to 
the Erie Canal, and is navigable as far as Oneida Castle. 

Oneida lake, y. Y. : bordering on the counties of 
Oswego, Oneida, Madison, and Onondaga. Is 22 m. long, 
and from 4 to 6 in width. It receives Wood, Oneida, and 
Chittenango creeks and other small streams. Its shores are 
low and swampy. Its waters abound with excellent fish. 
Limestone is found on the borders of Madison co. Its outlet 
flows into Oswego river. 

Oneida, river, X. Y. : outlet of the lake so called. Runs 
"W. in a circuitous course, and uniting with Seneca, forms 
Oswego river. 

Okeida Castle, p. v., Oneida co,, X. Y. : on Oneida er., 
which divides it, 97 m. W. by N. Albany. Incorporated in 
1S41. Contains 2 churches, a few stores, several dwellings, 
and between 300 and 400 inhabitants. 



Oneida Dei'6t, p. v., Madison co., X. Y, : on Verona cr. 
and on line of the Syracuse ajid Utica R. R., 27 m. Utica, 
99 m. W. N. "W. Albany. 

Oneida Mills, p. o., Carroll co., Ohio: lOS m. E. N. E. 
Columbus. 

Oneu>a Valley, p. o., Madison CO., A^. Y.: 90 m.W. byN. 
Albany. 

Oneonta, t. and p. v., Otsego co., X. Y. : 69 m. "W. by S. 
Albany. Drained by Cliarlotie r. and Otsego cr., branehee 
of the Susquehanna. Surface rugged, except along the 
streams, where it becomes flat and fertile. The v. is on the 
N. side of the Susquehanna r., and c(mtains 3 churches, a 
distillery, and several dwellings. There are in the t. 2 fur- 
naces and several milts. Pop. oft. 1,903. 

Ojieonta, p. o., Sauk co.. Wise. : 2S m. N. "W. Madison. 

Onion River, p. v., Sheboygan co., Wi.sc. : on W. bank 
of the river of same name, 91 m. N. E. Madison. 

Onion river, Vt. : one of the most important rivers in the 
State. About 70 m. in length, in its course improving a 
large tract of land, and furnishing great hydraulic power. 
It rises in Cabot and Peacham. runs S. and W. to Mont- 
pelier, and thence N. "W., passing through Ihe centre of the 
counties of Washington and Crittenden, empties into Lake 
Champlain, 5 ni. N. Eurlington village. In its passage 
through the mountains, there are places where there is 
barely sufficient room for the road, ^hich is the oidy easy 
access across the narrow valleys, subject it at times, to great 
and sudden rises. In many places, natural bridges, caverns, 
and waterfalls .are to be found. It has many Iribularies, the 
principal of which are North branch in the N., and Mad 
Dog, and Stevens rivers on the S. 

Onondaga county. A'. }'. Situate N. centrally, and con- 
tains 711 sq. ra. Drained by Seneca and Oneida rivers, 
which, uniting, form Oswego river, and Butternut, Onon- 
daga, and Nine-Mile creeks. Surface in the N. even, in the 
S. hilly, and fitted for grazing. Soil a rich loam, of a cal- 
careous nature, intermixed with vegetable mold, fertile and 
productive. It contains numy minerals, and fine salt springs, 
which yield a large revenue to Ihe State, also good marble 
quarries. Otisco, Onondaga, and Skaneateles lakes, are 
within the limits of this county. Chief agricultural pro- 
ductions, wheat and Indian corn. Farms 4,595 ; raanuf. 
1,410; dwell. 15,335, and pop.— wb. S5,3S5, fr. col. 605— 
total S5,S90. Ciipital: Syracuse. Ptihlic Works: Utica 
and Syracuse R.R.; Rochesterand Syracuse R. R. ; Oswego 
and Syracuse R. R. ; Rochester and Syracuse (direct) R. R. ; 
Syracuse and Binghamptun R. R.; Erie Canal; Oswego 
Canal, etc. 

Onondaga, p. c, Marshall county, Jnd. : 105 m. N. 
Indianapolis. 

Onondaga, t and p. o.. Ingham county, Jficli. : 19 m. S. 
Lansing. Watered by Red Cedar r., crossing its S. W. part. 
Surface uneven ; soil rich, sandy loam, with excellent timber 
lands. Pop. of t. S19. 

Onondaga, t. and p. v., Onondaga co., X. V. : 131 m. W. by 
N. Albany, and 6 m. S. Syracuse. Drained by Onondaga cr. 
Surface uneven, in parU hilly; soil, clay loam, fertile, and well 
cultivated. The v., formerly the co. capital, has an elevated 
site on Onondaga Ilill, U ni. from the r., and commands a 
fine prospect; it contains several stores, and at)out 300 
inhabitants. There is an Indian reservation in the S. part 
of the t. on both sides of the er., and through which the 
Syracuse and Binghampton E. R. will pass. Poi>ulation of 
t. 5,694. 

Onondaga Castle, p. o., Onondaga co., X. Y. : 129 m. 
W. by N. Albany. 

Onondaga lake, X. Y. : toward the centre or N. of 
county so called, 8 m. long, and from 2 to 4 in width. It 
abounds in fish, and is noU'd for the salt springs which are 

found on its borders, though its own waters arc fresh. 
Onoville, p. 0., Cattaraugus co., X. Y. : 63 m. W. by 8. 

Albany. 
Onslow county, X. Car. Situate S. E., and contains 523 

627 



ONS 



OXT 



sq. m. Drained by New river and ila branches. Surface 
level, and in general Ihe land lying low. Soil moderately 
fertile. Chief protliuHions, cotton and Indian com. On the 
Atlantic shore, buumling it on the E., are a iiumher of small 
islands, with occasional inlets. Farms 349: manuf. 27; 
dwell. 96;i, and pop.— wh. 5,0(J5, fr. col. 170, si. 3,10S— total 
8,2S3. Capital: Onslow. 

OssLOw, p. v., and cap. Onslow co.. K. Car. : on E. side 
New r., 97 ra. S. K. llaUMgh ; it cnntuius the court-house and 
other public buililings, and several dwellings. 

Onslow bay, JS'. Car.: a portion of the Atlantic Ooehn 
between Cape Fear and Cape Look-out, where the shore 
has a considerable curve inward, along which, at a distance 
of 1 or 2 miles, stretches a cliain of narrow, long, and low 
islands, with shallow inlets between them. 

Ontakio county, .V. }'. Situate W. centrally, and con- 
tains 612 sq. m. Drained by llonenye, j'lint, and Mud 
ere^'ks, and Cananilaigua outlet. Surface various, the east- 
em portion being spread into beautiful, swelling plains, the 
"W. interspersed with fertile vales and hills, and in the S. AV. 
the land rising considerably, in some places having an alti- 
tude of 1,201} or 1,400 feet; soil generally productive, being 
a rich, fertile loam. This county contains beds of iron ore, 
gypsum, and marl, with other minerals, and some sulphur 
springs. It contains Canandaigua, Canadice, and other 
lakes. It has flue water-power and valuable manufaotures. 
Farms 3,M5S ; manuf. 205 ; dwell. 7,S(>S, and pop.— wh.-tii.-J^ii), 
fr. col. 499— total 43,929. Capital: Canandaigua. Pn/d/c 
WorAs : Kochester and Syracuse li. 11. ; Canandaigua and 
Niagara Falls K. 11. ; Canandaigua and EIniira i:. K., etc. 

Ontario, p. v., La Grange co., Infl. : on the N. banli of 
Pigeon r., 137 ra. N. by E. Indianapolis. 

O.NTAKio, t.vind p. v., "Wayne co„ A': Y. : 250 m.W. N.W. 
Albany, and IS m. N. E. Enchester. Drained l)y several 
small streams flowing into Lake Ontario, which bounds it 
on the N. Surface very level ; soil gravelly. The v. is 
about 4 m. from the lake. It contains a furnace, forge, and 
several mills. Pop. of t. 2,246. 

Ontario, p. o., Kichland county, Ohio: 5S m. N. by E. 
Columbus. 

Ontario, p. v., Knox co., III. : 103 m. N.W. Springfield. 

Ontario lake, A'. Y.: the easternmost and smallest of 
the great northern lakes. It lies between 4^3° 10' and 44° 
latitudes N., and between 76° and 80° longitudes AV. It 
receives the Niagara river, the great outlet of the upper 
lakes, in its S. W. part, and has ils outlet, by tlic St. Law- 
rence river, in its N. E. part, in which, immediately below 
tlie lake, is the cluster denominated "The Thousand Isl- 
ands." Its shape approaches to a long and narrow ellipse, 
being 190 miles long, and 55 miles in its widest part, and 
about 4^0 miles in circumference. It is very deep, being in 
some places 600 feet, so thai its bottom is considerably be- 
low the level of the Atlantic. It is 3:J4 feel below the level 
of Lake Erie, and 231 feet above tide-water, and in every 
part lias a sufficient depth for the largest shi])s. Its harbors 
are numerous and good, and except in shidlow places near 
the shore, its waters are seldom frozen. The principal 
streams that enter it on the south siile are the Genesee, 
Oswego, and Black rivers, and a large nuniDer of creeks. 
The Bay of Quiiile is a long and irregular body of water in 
its eastern part, which receives a consideral)Ie river, the out- 
let of several small lakes; and Burlington Bay is in its 
western part Both of these bays are in Canada. It has 
several iini>ortant places on its .shores, the principal of which 
are Kingston, Toronto, and Coburg,in Canada; and Oswe- 
go, Sacketl's Harbor, and Port Genesee, or CliarloUe Har- 
bor, in New York. It is subject to violent storms and heavy 
swells ; but the numerous steamboats which navigate it pass 
quietly through it, having a great depth of water. It is 
connected with the Erie Canal and Hudson r. by the Gen- 
esee r. navigation and the Oswego Canat, which connect 
witti the Erie Canal al Rochester and Syracuse, and also by 
ecveral railroads wilh the great central road of New York. 
628 



Several lines of railroad are also being built along its shores 
in Canada, and others into the interior of that country. 
Much of the trade of the Western States passes tlirough 
these avenues to the sea-board. The "Welland Canal con- 
nects it wilh Lake Erie; it is 2ti miles long, with 34 I<»cks, 
and admits the passage of the largest vessels which navi- 
gate the lakes. This canal commences at Slierbrotike. near 
the mouth of Grand r., and terminates at Purl Dalhousie, 9 
miles west of Niagara village. Its entrance being a con- 
siderable distance west of the ouUet of Lake Erie, it is open 
earlier than the Erie Canal at Buffalo, where the ice often 
accumulates in the spring. The commerce on this lake is 
very valuable. In 1S46 it amounted to $14,025,507, and in 
1S48 to $2S.141,000. This is exclusive of the passenger 
trade. The following table exhibits the number of vessels 
which entered the several districts of the lake during the 
year ending 30th June, 1^0 : 

Americnn, 



Distrjcts. , 

Ve.j.-I< 


. Ton?. 


Vessels 


Ton.. 


Tonnage 
owned. 


Oswcsatchie . . . 192. 


.144..W9.. 


. ISS.. 


52,366. 


.. 1,9S5 


Saokctrs Harbor 254. 


.152,060.. 


. 25.. 


1.109. 


., 8,12.5 


Oswego 6S1 . 


,.132,311.. 


. 976., 


73,482. 


..22,404 


Niagara 213. 


. 71,971.. 


. 86S.. 


101..'i07. 


.. 732 


Genesei' 7l». 


. 20,.US.. 


. 145.. 


19,529. 


.. 1,037 


Cape Vincent .. 23S. 


.149.647.. 


. *J.. 


6,704. 


.. 2,497 



Total 1,64S. . .661.086. . .1,745. . .254,497. . . .36,773 

Tlie business on the Welland Canal is rapidly increasing, 
and serves as an index to the future of the commerce on 
this lake. The numlier of vessels passing up and down for 
two scJLSons, was as follows : 

Ui.wn. Up, Total. 

1S51 1.752 1,743 8.500 

1850 1,250 1.2['5 2,&43 



Increase . 



502 . 



453 . 



955 



Of the vessels passing down in 1S51, there were 924 Amer- 
ican bound to American porls. antl 163 bound U* British 
ports; and 359 British bound to British porls. and 3o6 to 
American ports. Of the vessels down, 1,230 were bound to 
American, and 522 to British pnrts. Of the vessels passing 
up, 1,176 were bound to American, and 572 to British porls. 
This shows that a large portion of the business in the 
Welland Canal is American. 

Tlie increasing commerce on this lake is now demamling 
grealer facilities of outlet on the American coast, and to 
afl'ord this, several projects have been proposed, twr> of 
wliich, the Sodus Canal, and Sodus Point and Southern 
li. R,, are now in process of construction. 

The trade between the United Slates and Canada is prin- 
cipally llirongh Lake Onlario, and this trade is iucrea.^iing 
wilh w onderful rapidity. The exjiorts to Canathi, in 1^9-50, 
were valued at $5,930,S21, and the imports, exclusive of 
specie, al $.3,859,101. The exports of manufactured goods 
to Canada, were $3,964,222. The total of this class of goods 
cxi)oried from the United States, in 1S49-50, exceeded those 
of l>4S-9 by $3,09S,1S7, and of this excess .$2,457,915 went 
to Canada; so the increase to Canada exceeded tive-fold all 
the increase to other countries trading with the United 
States. 

Ontonagon county, 3fic?i. Situate W. of the N. penin- 
sula, and contains 2.32S eq. m. Drained by Ontonagon, 
Monlreid, and Prcsque hie rivers. Surface for the most 
part even. In the N. W. are the Porcupine Hills, a low 
range of mountains, having acquired their name from the 
jagged appearance of the surface. Immense deposits of 
iron and copper ore are found in this region. Farms 0; 
manuf. ; dwell. 46, and pop.— wh. 833, fr. col. 6— total 8S9. 
Capital: Ontonagon. 

Ontonagon, p. v., Ontonagon co., Mich. : at the mouth 
of the Ontonagon r., 359 m. N. W. Lansing. Copper of a 
superior quality is to be found here and in the vicinily in 
abundance. The Ontonagon Copper Company are working 



ONT 



ORA 



a vein in whieh tlicy enenuntor bmildcra of pure copper, 
weijjhing from 25 to 5(( pounds, oontainini: I'onsi.lerahle 
silver. There are a number of mines alon;; thi' river course, 
worked by 'lifTereiit companies, yieldiiiic atumdiitilly. For 
certain purposes in Ihe arls ihe copper in lliis rri,'i..n stands 
unrivaled, and surpasses all the ores of cupin-r in densiiy 
and teiiacily. 

OxTONACON- river, ^^f•h. ; rises by three br:iuclies— tlie 
E. one in Mnrtpielle co.. ilu^ iniiMIe in small hikrs ue:ir Ihe 
border of Wis<\ and its \V. branch in Ai:ni:ebie lake. The 
main stream flows N. \V., between Itold and picturesque 
banks, much broken by falls, and eniplios into Lake Supe- 
rior. On its border is found a celebrated mass of native 
copj)cr, about 'JO cubic feet in bulk, and wcit;iiin^ from four 
to five tons. 

Onward, p. o., Stcwarl co.,7< Ji?(. ; near the Cumberland 
river. 61 m. W. by N. Nashville. 

OusooLA, p. o., Somerset co., ^^t>.: N. Auirusta. 

OoTncAL<'t;A, p. 0., Cass county, Ga. : \Wi miles N. "W. 
Milled^eville. 

Opamka, p. o., "Walker county, G<i.: 109 ra. N. W. 
Mille<i2eville. 

Oi'F,i,iKA, p. v., Kussell county, Ahi. : on Ihe E. side of 
Ufawpee cr., and on the line of the Montgomery and West 
Point R. II., 21 m. from West I'oint, and 54 ni. E. by N. 
Montcomery. 

OeEumsAS, p. v., and cap. St. Landry j)nr.. Tit.: at the 
head of Vermillion r., 55 m.W. Baton Uouge. The ootiTitry 
round about is pleasant and very fertile. The Franklin 
College, situate here, founded in lS;il>, has a jiresldcnt. 4 
professf)rs, and 70 students. There is also a I'nited Slales 
land oflice here. The v. contains the court-house, 2 banks. 
4 churciies, and several stores. The "St. Lanriry "Whig" 
(whig), flaily, and '■ Opelousas Gazelle'' (neut,), semi-week- 
ly, are published here. The New Orleans, Opelousas, and 
Great Western K. K. will \v,\i-^ through it. 

Oi'KN PoNn, p. o., Henry county, Ala.: S3 m. S. E. 
Montgomery. 

OpKyrAN river, Yirg. : rises in the S. E. part of Fred- 
erick CO., flows N. E.. separating Clark and a part of Jeffer- 
son from Frederick and IJerkley counties, and emplies into 
the Potomac river. 

OpniR. p. o., La Salle county, HI. : 103 ni. N. by E. 
Spritiirfield. 

Ot'iiiR, p. v.. .and cap. Gulte co„ Calif.: on Ihe E.slde of 
Feather r., VIH m. N. N. E. Vallejo. Pop. 3.000. 

OpoKTo, p. o., St. Joseph county, Mich. : G9 m. S. W. 
Lansing. 

OppENnFTM. f. and p. v., Fulton co,, X. Y. : GI m. N. W. 
Albany. Drained by small streams which flow into the 
Mohawk r. Hounded on Ihe W. by East Canada cr. The 
T. is in the cenlre of t. The t. contains several stores and 
a number of mills. Pop. of t. 2,.315. 

Oql"awka, p. v., and cap. Henderson co., ///. ; on the E. 
bank of the Mississippi r., a few miles above the moulh of 
Henderson r., 105 m. N. W. Springfield. Situate on a sand 
ridge that extends from Henderson r. to the Mississippi. It 
is the landing for this and the adjoinirig counties, and prin- 
cipal depfit for freights between the Des Moines and Kock 
Eiver Piaplds. A railroad is in progress to connect this 
Y. with Peoria. It contains the county court-house and 
usual number of public bulh lings. The "0. Spectator" (lit.) 
is published weekly. Pop. ],2ii0. 

Oras, p. v., Onondaga co., X. Y. : on a branch of Cana- 
seraga cr.. 121 m. W. Albany. 

Oran. p. v., Kosciusko co., Ind.: on La Porte post-road, 
10b ni. K. Iniiianapolis. 

Orange county, Fior. Situate E. of the peninsula, and 
contains 5,253 sq. m. Drained by St. JoJin's r.. whieli in iLs 
course frt»m 9. to X. (where it enters the Atlantic in Duval 
CO.), passes through the -tifferent hakes by which the fac^- of 
the country is diversified. The land is in general low and 
part of it marshy ; soil fertile. Chief productions cotton, 



rice. Indian corn, wheat, fruits of all kinds, veget.ables, etc. 
On the Atlantic side are large lagoons, the land on the east- 
ern shore stretching out and forming Cape Canaveral. 
Farms 1!) ; nianuf. ; dwell. 55, and pop.— wh. 2:3>, fr. col. 
2, si. 2-_'iJ— total -166. Ctijnhil : Mellonville. 

Okan'ge county. Ind. Siluate S. toward the "W., and con- 
tains ;.lil5 sq. m. Draiiu-d by Lick cr. and branches, tribu- 
taries of the E. fork of White r. Surface varied — in the N. 
being rolling or undulating, and in (he S. hilly; soil fertile 
and very prodvielive. Staples, wheat and Indian corn. 
Timber is abundant. It has tine w.al-r i)rivileges. Farms 
l.llS ; manuf. S ; dwell. 1.S41, and |mp.— wh. Hi,559, fr. col. 
25(1— total lO.so!*. Capital: Paoli. PuUic Wovka: New 
Albany and Sah-m li. 11. 

Okanck county. K. Y. Situate S., and contains 760 sq. m. 
Drained by Wallkill. Nevisink, and Shnwangunk rivers in 
the c titral portion, and bran-dies of Delaware r. in Ihe W. 
Surface \arious — in parts being rather mountainous, in the 
W. are the Shawangunk range, and \\\ the S. E. the High- 
lands, Ihe remaining portion is pleasantly diversified with 
hills and v:dle>s; the soil is fertile and well adapli-d to 
grazing. This county is celebrated for its fine milk and 
butler, uliicli, with wheat, Indian corn, and potiitoes, form 
its chief jiroductious. It abnuiidsi in minerals, aiul has large 
beds of magnetic iron ore. Farms 3,4'26 ; manuf. 857; 
dwell. 0.GS6, and pop.— wli. .-.4.7-^3. fr. cul. 2.362— total 57.145. 
Ciipital : Goshen. Public Wurf^s: New York and Erie 
Railroad. 

Okangr county. .A^ Otr. Situate N. centrally, and con- 
tains 676 sq. m. Drained by braiu-hes of Haw and Neuse 
rivers. Surface level ; soil fertile, and adapted to the growth 
of tobacco, etc. ; .some coIt()n is also raised. Farms 1.0S2; 
manuf. 17: dwell. 2.1S6. and ]>np.— wh. 19,:«0, fr. col. ^^1, 
si. r.,2+4— toiid I7.ii5.\ Cai'ital: inilM)uro'. Pahlic Works: 
Norlh Carolina Central K. P. 

Ok.\>'ge county, Yerw. Siluate E . and contains 740 sq.m. 
Drained by Waits an<l Ompomjianoosuc rivers and branches 
of White r. Surface in the N. and N. W. rocky .anrl moun- 
tainous, but in the eastern [lorlion, aUmg Ihe banks of the 
Connecltcut r., are some fine tracts of land ; soil various, 
generally suited for grazing, but prM.lucing good cr-'ps rif 
grain and vegetables. Chief productions wheat, Indian 
corn, and i>f)tatoes. This county contains iron and lead 
ores, slate an«l granite quarries, and has immense deposits 
of ochres. Farms 2.677 ; manuf. S6 ; dwell. 5.102, and pop. 
— wh. 27,'277, fr. col. 19— total 27,296. Capital: Chelsea. 
Pii7-/ic Works: Connecticut and Passumpsie Itivers P. U. 

Orange county, Yiri/. Siluate centrally toward the E., 
and contains 376 sq. m. Drained by branches of North 
Anna and Ilivanna rivers. Surface hilly ; soil fertile. Chief 
productions Indian corn and tobacco. Papid Anna river 
runs along its N. W. border. Farms 3M5: manuf. 4S; <lwell. 
756, and pop.— wh. 3.962. fr. col. 1S4, si. 5,921— total 10,067. 
Capital: Orantre. Public Works: Orange and Alexandria 
K. P. ; Virginia Central P. P., etc. 

Orange, p. v., Cherokee co., Ca. : situate on a branch 
of the Etowah r., Ill ni. N. W. Milledgeville. 

Or.ANdE, p. o., Fayette county, Ind.: 31 m. E. by S. 
Indianapolis. 

Grange, t. and p. v., Franklin co., J^ws. .• 67 m.W. by N. 
Boston. Drained by Miller's r. Surface uneven; soil bet- 
ter adapted to pasturage than cullure. There are several 
mauufaetoriis of different kind.s. The v. is situated on the 
line of the Vermont and Massachusetts P. P.. 37 ni. from 
Fitcbburg. The I. contains several stores and mills. Pop, 
of t. 1.700. 

Oranoe, p. o.. Branch county, Mich.: 57 m. W. by S. 
Lansing. 

Orange, t. and p. v., Essex co., N. Jfr.: 45 m. N. E. 
Trenton. Drained by hea-l waters of Pahway and Second 
rivers, and Peckman's branch of Ta-ssaic r., nffitrding excel- 
lent water-power. Surface mouniainous; soil rod shale, 
fertile, and in a good state of cultivation. There are several 

629 



ORA 



ORE 



mills anii in.imifiicl()ric3 in the t. The v. is on the line of 
the Morris and Essl-x II. K., 13 m. New York City, and con- 
tains 4 t'hurchos, a number of stores, an<! about 200 dwell- 
ings. A chalybeate spring is situate near the village. Shoe- 
making forms a great business in this neighborhood. Pop. 
of t. 4.SS5. 

Orange, t. and p. o., Steuben co., N'. Y. : 175 ni. W. by S. 
Albany. Drained by several small creeks, which flow into 
the Coshocton r., and bounded on the N. by an outlut of 
Seneca lake. Surface rolling; soil very fertile. I'opulaiion 
of t. 2,055. 

Orange, p. t., Mahoning county, Ohio: 138 m. N. E. 
Columbus. 

Orange, p. o., Luzerne county, Pemi. : 85 m. N. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Orange, t. and p. v., Orange co., IV/'^j. ; 11 m. E. by S. 
Montpelier. Drained by Wait's brant^li nf Wlnte r.. and 
Stevens' branch of Onion r., producing very valuable water- 
power. Surface mountainous; soil along the banks of the 
rivers rich and productive, the remainder inferior. Granite 
is found in large quantities, principally on Knox Mountain 
in N. E. part of the t White mica of excellent quality is 
also found here several inches square. The timber is mostly 
hard wo(xl. Products of the t. consist chiefly in cattle and 
wool. The v. is on the Bradford post-road, in centre of 
town. Pop. of t. LOOT. 

Orange, p. v., and cap. Orange co., Virff. : at the junc- 
tion of the Orange and Alcxaniler K. P. with the Virginia 
Central K. P., 57 m. N. W. Pichmond. It contains a court- 
house, jail, 2 churches, n number of stores, about SO dwell- 
ings, and 450 inhabitants. 

ORANGEnuiiG district, S. Car. Situate S. centrally, and 
contains 1,453 sq. m. Drained by North Edislo r. and ils 
branches, and branches of South Edisto, which bounds it 
on the S. Surface level ; soil moderately fertile. Chief 
productions cotton, rice, and Indian corn. Farms 1,082; 
manuf. 17; dwell. 2,1SG, and pop.— wh. 19,330, fr. col. 4S1, 
si. 5,244— total 17.055. Otpital: Ilillsboro'. PuUlc Works : 
South Carolina P. K. ; Columbia Erancli E. P., etc. 

Okangecukg, p. v., and cap. Orangeburg dist., S- Car.: 



on North Etlislo r., and on the line of the Columbia Branch 
of the South Carolina P. P., 50 m. fr<,'ni Columbia. It con- 
tains the court-house, jail, and other public buildings. Sev- 
eral thousand pounds of Indigo are made here annually 
and carried to Augusta, Columbia, and Charleston; there 
are two kinds— the tame and the wild— the latter of which 
is the most valuable. Pop. SOU. 

Okangeui-rg, p. o., Mason county, Ki/. : 71 m. K- E. 
Frankfort. 

Orange IIill, p. c, Washington co., Flor, : 87 m. W. 
Tallahassee. 

Orange Lake, p. o., Marion co., Flor.: 125 m. S. W. 
Tallahassee. 

Orange Port, p. o., Niagara co., 2C. T. : on the Pochester, 
Lockport, and Niagara Falls P. P., 51 m. Pochester, 257 m. 
W. by N. Albany. 

Orange Springs, p. v., Marion co., Flor. : on W. side 
of Oclawaha r., and ou the N. boundary of county, 157 ul 
S. E. Tallahassee. 

Orange Springs, p. v.. Orange co., Virg. : on a branch 
of North Anna r., 49 m. N. W. Pichmond. 

Orangevelle, t. and p. v., Wyoming co., JV; Y.: 239 m. 
W. Albany. Drained by Tonawanda cr. Surface hilly; 
soil alluvial. The v. is in the centre There are in the t 
several stores and mills, etc. Pop. 1,4^S. 

Orangeville, p. 0., Trumbull co., Ohio: 152 m. N. E. 
Columbus. 

Orangeville, p. v., Columbia co., Feiin. : 55 m. N. by E. 
Harrisburg. 

Orbisonia, p. v., Huntingdon county, P^«n.; C5 m. W. 
Harrisburg. There are situate here 3 hot-blast furnaces, 
with an aggregate annual capacity of 1,500 tons each, 1 
cold-blast furnace, 800 tons annual capacity, and 1 forge, 
producing 250 tons blooms and 75 tons bars aimually. 

Orcutt, sta., Tolland co., Conn. : on line of the New 
London, Wlllimantic, and Palmer P. P., 53 ui. New London. 

Orcutt Creek, p. c, Bradford county, Feiiu. : 99 m. N. 
Harrisburg. 

Orefield, p. o., Lehigh county, Fctui. : T3 m. N. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 



THE TERRITORY OF OREGON. 

Oregon, as relinquished by Great Britain to the United States in 1S46, extends from 42*^ to 49° latitude north, and from 
the crest of the Pocky Mountains to the Pacific Ocean. As at present constituted, it is limited north by the Columbia 
river, to latitude 40°, and by Ihat line to the mountains aforesaid, the upper portion of the original territory having lately 
been erected into a territorial government, under the title of the "Territory of Washington." For the convenience of 
exhibiting the statistics of the country, however, it will be necessary to describe it as it existed before the separation. It 
contains altogether an area of 311,463 square miles. 

Oregon is naturally divided into three principal parallel sections, determined by the course of the mountains traversing 
iL The western section is bounded by the Cascade Mountains, and extends from them to the Pacific Ocean; the middle 
section lies between the Cascade Mountains and the Blue Mountains, and the eastern section between the latter and the 
crest of the Pocky Mountains. These several divisions have each distinct climatic characteristics, and difler in soil aud 
productions. Tlie mountain ranges extend in general in lines parallel with the coast, and often attain a beiglit fur above 
the summer snow line. 

The Cascade, or coast range, sometimes c.illed the President's Eange, runs through the Tcrritor)' north and south, at a 
distance from tlie sea-coast varying from 100 to 150 miles, and in many places rises in regular cones to the elevation of 
19,000 to 14,000 feet above the level of the sea. Except when the Columbia breaks through it. the comnumieation between 
the east and west is almost interrupted, and where there exists any mountain pass, the difiicuUies beselling it are such as 
to render it of little use to the traveler. Tlie climate of the section west of this range is mild and genial tlie year round, 
and the winters remarkably short. Snow seldom lies on the ground a week together. Tlic soil on the northern parts 
varies from a light brown loam to a thin vegetable earth, with gravel and santl as a subsoil. In the middle jtarls a rich, 
heavy loam prevails, but in many localities clay and a black loam, based on trap-rock, are found. The soils of the Willa- 
mette valley and southern part generally are good, varying IVom a black vegetJible loam to decomposed basalt, with clay, 
and portions of loose gravel soil. The hills are generally basalt, stone, imd slate. Between the Umpqua and the south- 
ern boundary, the rocks are primitive, consisting of slate, hornblende, an<i granite, which jiroduces a poor and griity soil. 
There arc in the latter regitm, however, some rich lands, covered with oak. Gold has been found extensively in the rivers 
of the south. For the most part, the whole country west of the Cascades is well timbered. It is intersected by spurs 
from the main range, which render the surface much broken, and these are covered with dense forests of pines, firs, 
spruce, oaks, ash, arbor vita?, etc., with a dense undergrowth for hazels, rubus, roses, etc. The prairies and river bottoms 
are excellent farming lands, and the uplands abouiul in rich pastufiige. 

The Blue Mountains have an irregular course, and are frequently internipted, but generally run north and enulh, com- 
mencing in the Klamalh range, near the California line. TUcy are broken through by the Saptia, or Snukc lUver, at the 
680 



OREGON. 

of 



junction of the Kooskooskee, ..nd branch off in hills of moderate elev.t,..n, until they .gain appenr on the north aid 
the CdumbiaEiver, above the Okonagan,»nd finally connect with the Uocky Mountains, m the Bnt.sh terr.tor; . rhe 
^a oTme ntWdie section is much mor'e extre.no than in the west of the^Caseade ^^-^^^^^^^J^^'^^l^^Z 
and ..reater It is, however, extrentely salubrious, au,l the air bracing. No dew falls in this section Thi. soil in he 
hms Ts barren, but in the vallVys a rich alluvian, varied indeed, but sener.ally fertile. The g™e-l elevaUon o. m.s ec ion 
is about 1,000 feet above the sea level. In the north, the surface is broken by mountains and ri ers and <V^^^^^^l 
aa-ricultural purposes. The parts south of this, iudu.ling the vicinities of the Columbia and Saptm rivers, the surlace 13 
rflllnt and tae' ery way a fine gi^a^ing country. Further south there is little good laii,l the whole being broken and 
desert with soarcelv a tree or useful vegetable, li.e artemcsia alone seeming to fl.Hinsh m the solitudes. 

The Rock Mountains, forming the easK-rn border of the Territory, eommenec- on ^'<'^'''^^^^:':^ ^^y 
imie interruption until their subsidence at the central isthmus of the continent Along all the line y»™^ "S * -™; ^'^ 
one eligible pass ha. yet been discovered, and thal-.he Great South P.ss-lies on ,t. extreme sou h-ea-s ^- - ;, ™'"J 

Sh:d™^^:tr^:;^?:L:d^rt=;;-r::r^ 



" T,:^^';::!::: is :^;Z^:J<:o^^.^^^n\ .. recipient of a„ the other rivers of the Territory, h=^,,g their 

o^ ^^^SrLge of mountaiii' Us N. branch rises in Uie Koc.y ^■-^^'^^I'^Z::^^^:^ 
'^ . , XT _ ,t ^ (T, ni>^r M-nuivriv'-* Tass Here tile river 13 3,GUiJ leiit aoove uie sca-ie^ci, 



1 13 2,049 feet 



nnd ni.'piviriT Canoe iiiver. It itieii turns r^., lum lu lu ■^""■^--^ '•- *■ — -- — ... - mi <-« 

^t::^ ;;^;::SS°he:hief or which are the Kootanie, or Fiat Bow and IHat Head or '^'^^^^^^^^ 
thus far surrounded by high mountains, and oHcn expands into a chain o lake . , .^t Coh ilte ts d« at^on i 

bV. if:::! oXe^^pes aiid-bar extends.hich renders the actual na^dgabledu^^^^^^ 
The Chekal" to thTnorth of the Columbia, is a considerable river, and perhaps next to it in importance^ es 

cant streams. The Umpqua meets " -» " »^'™; tml mc™ If'te a due north course oFabout 20 miles, the river turns 
two main branches, which meet in about lat. 4..0 , "" li ™e, « ^J" tributaries are the Elk and 

to the steep basaltic walls : and during their rise, which takes I-'-^^' '" J*" " ™„,f ;Vcr« low prairie, giv ng the 

— -^:=^s::t;t:^=,rp=^ 

r fi7of tiiVSs fe^t) all f JilUles are afforded for the erection of works tor a ^-' "- ^^^^ „ ;, „ „, „„ „„„, 
The fisheries on the coast and in the rivers of Orego,, are most "'™: ^'^ _,^ "^, '^ ;; .X^™ , Jl,„,st, and pn.bably 
flavor, and these form a great part of the subsistence o the n.lums J'>» C' ^™;;\P\;t Te s a e 'veil .supplied. In 
affords the greatest numbers. The great fishery at the Columbui is a the " '-; '™' "'^ *„ " ," e, fiounders, ray, perch, 
the rivers and sounds are found several kimls of salmon, salmon trout surgeon cod arp^s^ ^.^^^ ^^^^^^ 

herring, lampreys, and a kind of smelt, called -sbrow," '">''''"' "'""f '""«•" "j'J,,,^"^^ oast, and frequently in and 
cla.ns, oysters, muscles, etc., which are all used by the natives. Whales are found along the coast, 

at the mouth of the Straits of .Tuan de Fuca. „„,,,„„„ hears wolves, foxes, muskrals, martins, 

To the hunter Oregon is a paradise. Game, such as the elk, deer, »"' f^^; ^;"",' ""i ' ^,,;,„„ ;,,t,„„ „„. buffalo is 
beavers, etc., exist in great abundance. In the mid.Ue section no game is found, lu the ^^ 



OREGON. 



met with. The fur-bearing animals tire decreasing in numbers yearly, ami even already are so scarce as scantily to repay 
the expense of hunting them. The lluilson's Bay Company have almost the exehisive monopoly in tbia busineae. In Iho 
spring and full the rivers are literally cnvertd wilh ducks, geese, and other water fowl. 

Oregon, in 1S50, was divided into 10 counlies,* the general statistics t>f 'whieh, and the capitals of each, in 1350, Trere as 
follows : 



Countje!. Dwell. 

Lewis 146., 

Marion 502.. 

Polk 190., 

AVushinglon 41S. , 

Yam Hill 243., 



p.lp. 


incilt. 


M.in„r 


Cnpiuls. 


553. 


.. 55. 


.. 8.. 


.Pacific City 


2.74'J. 


..253. 


.11.. 


.Snleni. 


1,051. 


..129. 


.. 2.. 


.C.vnthinn 


2,651. 


..116. 


. 6.. 


.I'orllaiid 


1.512. 


. .142. 


.. 4.. 


.■Will.imetle 



Counties. Dwell. Pop. ^';;|]J ^J^f^;!; Cnp.li.lB. 

Benton 149... 814. ..110... 1.. .Marysville 

Clackamas 86S...1,S59... 150... 13... Oregon City 

Clark 95... 6-13... 7... 4...Cohimbia City 

Clalsop 91... 4G2... 21... 2. ..Astoria 

Linn 1T2.., 994...1;3S... 6... New Albany 

The whole number of dwellings in tlie Slate was, at the above dale, 2,3T4, of families 2,874, and of inhabitants 18.293, 
viz. : whiles 13,0S7— males S.142, and females 4.1145, fr. col. 2(iG— males 119, and females S". Of the whole population, there 
were deufand dinnf), ; blind, ; infuitifi—wh. 4, fr. col. 0— total 4 ; and ■idivtic—'wh. 4, fr. col. 0— liftal 4. The number 
of free persons bom in the Uniled Stales was 11.992, the number of foreign birth 1,159. an<l of birth unknown 143; the 
native population originated as follows : Maine 129, N. Hump. 44, Verm. Ill, Mass' 187. K. I. 20, Conn. 72, N. Y. tJlS, 
N. Jer. G9, Penn. 337, Del. IS, M<i. 73, Dist. of Col. 15, Virg. 4G9, N. Car. 201, S. Car. 34, Ga. 22, Flor. 4, Ala. 20. Miss. S, 
La. 6, Tes. 15, Ark. 61, Tenn. 4o2. Ky. 730, Ohio 653, Mich. 37, Ind. 736, 111. 1.023, Mo. 2,206, la. 452, "Wise. 10, Calif. 25, 
Oregon 3,17S, Territories 7. And the fureigii population was composed of persons from— England 207, Ireland iy6, Scot- 
land 106, Wales 9, Germany 125, Trance 45, Spain 0, Portugal 0, Belgium 11, Holland 1, Italy 5. Austria 0, Switzerlantl 8, 
Kussia 1, Denmark 2. Norway 1, Sweden 2, Prussia 1, China 2, Asia 0, Brllbh America 293, Mexico 1, South America 6, 
"West Indies 0, Sandwich Islands 50, and other countries 57. 

Tlie general statistics of the produ<'ts. industries, institutions, etc., of the territory, according to the census of 1S50 and 
other official documents referring to the same period, are as follows : 

Occupied Lands, f(e.— Improved farm lands 132.857 acres, and farm lands unimproved 299,951 acres — valued together 
at $2,849,170. "Whole number of farms under cullivalion on the Isl June, 1^50, 1,164. Value of farming implements and 
machinery, $183,423. 

Live-Stock. — Horses, 8,046 ; asses and mules, 420 ; milch cows, 9,427 ; working oxen, 8,114 ; other cattle, 24,188 ; sheep, 
15,352; and hogs, 30,235. Value of live-stock, $1,876,189. 

Produ<:U (/j4nw»/i*.— Wool, 29.686 pound!*; butter, 211,461 pounds: and cheese, 36,980. Value of animals slaugh- 
tered during the year, $164,530. The average clip of wool per sheep was thus lib. 14i oz. 

Grain Crops. — Wheat, 211,943 bushels; rye, 106 bushels; Indian corn, 2,918 bushels; oats, 65,146 bushels; barley 
bushels, and buckwheat, bushels. 

Other Food Crops.— Veas and beans, 6,566 bushels ; potatoes— Irish, 91,326 bushels, and sweet, bushels. 

Miscellaneous Crops. — Tobacco, 325 pounds; hay, 373 tons; clover-seed, 4 bushels; other grass-seed, 22 bushels; hops, 
8 pounds; fiax, 640 pounds; molasses. 24 gallons, etc. Value of orchard products $1,271 ; market-garden products $90,241. 

//'line-made 2fanufactares were produced in the year to tlie value of $ 

il/(/?;'/y;fc*(t;'fS.— Capital invested, $00,000; valuL- of all raw m;ilerial, fuel, etc., consumed, $00,000; bands employed, 
000— males OUO, and females 00 ; monthly cost of labor $00,000- male $0,000, and female $000 ; total value of annual pro- 
ducts $000,000. Number of manufacturing establishments producing to the value of $500 and upward annually, 51. 

Commerce. — Oregon has a considerable coasting trade with California in lumber, boar»Is, and agricultural produce, and 
it has also some trade with the Atlantic ports, especially New York and Boston. With foreign countries its trade is lim- 
ited. The amount of this can only be guessed at, as no general returns appear in the Treasury books. A report of the 
commerce of Astoria was made by the collector at that port for the year ending Isl April. ISoO, but of the other ports no 
accounts have been received. According to the document referred to, there had entered that port 6 ships, 30 barks, 23 
brigs, and 5 schooners— total 69 vessels, and 16,437 tons; from foreign ports 1,639 tons foreign, and 669 tons American 
shipping, and coastwise 14,129 tons American shipi)ing. The duties collected for the year amounted to $26,408. 

The exports for the year were — sawed lumber, 4,537,317 feet; square timber, 312,097 feet; round logs, 355; house 
firames, 40; shingles, 599,033 : leather, 124 sides; flour, 3,766 barrels; beef, 13 barrels; pork, 6 barrels; salmon. S:J8 bar- 
rels; bread 37 barrels ; oats, 497 bags; apples, 15 barrels ; cranberries, 6 barrels; bacon, 600 pounds; Are- wood. S cords ; 
sauer kraut, 10 barrels; onions, 20 sacks, 12 hampers, and 42 bushels; butter, 23 barrels. 62 kegs, 2 firkins, and S.lKiO lbs.; 
cheese, 5.200 pounds, and 4 boxes; eggs, 6 boxes, and 42 dozen ; potatoes, 64 bushels, 40 barrels, and 7S0 s-icks. An ac- 
count of the imports, says the collector, would furnish no satisfactory results, as the cargoes of vessels entering the Colum- 
bia are mostly of small assorted lots, and ailhough in the aggregate of considerable valne, still they can not be ascertiuned 
in detail. The navigation of the Columbia Kiver is free to the Hudson's Bay Company, but goods introduced into the 
country through the mouth of the river, and landed for any other purpose than for portage, iu aid of their being carried 
up the river and out of the 1^-rritory, are subject to the duty. 

Gorernv^ent.—'Y)x(i constitution oi Oregon was promulgated in the law of Congress of the 14th August, 1848 : 

Every while male inhabitant of tlie Territory at the time of the passage of that law, 21 years old, who was a citizen of 
tlfe United States, or who had on oath declared his intention to become such, or who should take the requisite oaths, waa 
allowed to vote or be chosen to office at the first election ; but the legislature may prescribe furtlier limitations. 

The Legislature is styled the General Assembly, an<I consists of a council of 9 members, an<i of a House of Pepre- 
sentatives, of not less than 18, nor more than 30 members. Members of both houses must have the qualifications of voters. 
Councilors are chosen for three years, and representatives for one year. All laws passed by this legislature nuist be sub- 
mitted to Congress for approval or rejection. No session must continue more than 60 da\s. No bank, or any thing like 
a bank, shall be chartered or permitted to exist in the Territory, as a branch of an institution chartered elsewhere or other- 
wise, and tlie Territ<iry shall issue no scrip, neither pledge its faitli, nor in any way borrow money. Salmon must not be 
prevented from passing up and down the streams. 

The governor, appointed by the President, holds office for four years, and until his successor is appointed and qualified. 

* Pacific, Linn, Umpqita, and I.ane, are new counties. Lcwjs, Clark, and Pacilii; couDtiea ure now comprised in tlie Territory of Washington, 
and togetlier, in ISoO, contained 1,201 iiiliabitanta 



OREGON. 



He is removable i>y the nppniiiting pnwt-r. The fxovt-mor is ex-ryffk'io Puperintpndent of ImJian Affairs ; may ^raiil par- 
dons and respites for offviises atiainst ti-rritoriui laws, and rrprirvc until ilu- rn-sidftd's wilt be known, for Ilmse apaiiist 
the lan-s of the United Slates. Tlie secretary, Jusliecs, attorney, and niar^Iial. are also appninled by the President. The 
secretary holds office f-T Ave years, is removablr by the I'resideiit, and in di fault of tlie y;'»v,'rnor fills his place. 

The Judiciary consists of a Supreme and I>i:jlriel eourls. There are ttirce jndichd districts, in each of which a judge 
appointed for four years and uniil a successor be appointed ancl qualified, luihls a district court, with law and equity 
jurisdicti'in as may be regulateil by statute, and the same three ju'lges hold the supreme court, to whicli, cases not to be 
tried I)y a jury may be removed by a|tpoal from the district eouris. "Writs of ern-r and appeal fn'tu ihe decisions of the 
supreme court, lie to Ihe Supreme Court of the United .^tates wliere the matter in dis[mie exceeds .t'J,uin), nr wliere the 
constitution, or a treaty of the United States, or acts of Coni^nss. are in quesli'in. In cases ari>inf; out of the Constitution 
of tlie United States, or of territorial laws, the <lislriet courts have Ihe ?ame jurisdiction as the Uniti d States district and 
circuit courts. 

Other prominent provisions of the fundamental law, are: The Secretary of the Treasury of the United States shall 
reguhite all disbursements of money intrusted to the governor or secretary ; tlie inhabitants shall enjny the bern fits <»f the 
Ordinance of 17?"; existing laws, cnmpatible with the constiluii<tti of tlie United Slates, and with this ael, unless repealed 
by the legislature shall remain in force, except those affV-cting the title to land, which are void ; a d. legale to Conirress, 
who shall be a citizen of llie United States, shall be chosen by a pluraUty of votes ; ^ri.oiii) is ai)propriated to ilic purchase 
of a territorial library ; sections IG ami 36 in every to^vnship are set apart for the benefit of schools ; all the porls of the 
mainland f-rm tlie collection district of Oregon, and Astoria is made a port of entry ; a port of delivery may be established 
on Puget's Sound, and one otlu-r elsewhere; ■$15,ni)it is appropriated for light-houses and buoys, etc. 

On the 27ih S^■ptenlber. 1850, an act was passed, providing for a Surveyor-Geni-ral of Ihe Territory, and to provide for 
the survey, and to make donations to st-ttlers of (he public lands. Rs principal provisions arc as follows : 

There is granted to every settler or occupant of the public lands, American half-breed Indians included, above tlie age 
of IS, a eili7,en of the United States, or having made a declaration of his intention to become a citizen, or \\ho shall make 
euch declaraiion on or before Dec. 1, 1^">1, ni>w residing in said Territory, or who shall become a resident on or before 
Dec. 1, lv)0, and who shall have reside*! upon and cultivated the same for four consecutive years, and shall give satis- 
factory proof of settlement and cullivalion within 12 months after the surveys liave been made, one half-section or 320 
acres of land, if a single man, and if married, or if he shall be married within one year from Dec. 1, 1S50, one section or 
540 acres, one half to himself and the other half to his wife, to be held by her in her own right; and the surveyor-general 
shall designate the part enuring to the husband and that to the wife, and enter the same on the reconls of his office, and 
when married persons become entitled to a grant, and either shall die before the patent issues, the survivor and children 
shall be entitled to equal portions of the estate, unless it is disposed of by will, under the laws of Oregon. When an alien 
has declared his intention to beeome a citizen, and shall die before naturalization, his possessory right shall go to his ln-irs 
or devisees. Donations shall embraci- the land actually occupied by the settler, shall be in a compact form, auil shall be 
taken as nearly as practicable by legal subdivisions, and shall be claimed within three months from the completion of thu 
survey. Contracts for the sale of the land before the patent is issued are void. If any settler shall die before the expira- 
tion of sai<i four years, his right shall descend to his heirs in equal parts. 

To all white male citizens of the United Slates, or persons who sliall have made a declaration of intention to become 
sucti, above the age of 21, emigrating to and settling in said Territory between Dec. 1, 1S50, and Dec. 1, IS.^3, an-I to all 
white male American citizens, not hereinbefore provided for, becoming 31 years of age in said Territory and settling there 
between the times last aforesaid, who shall Comply with the foregoing provisions, there is granted one-quarter seeiion or 
IGO acres of land, if a single man ; or if nuirried,or if he shall be married within one year from his arrival in saiil Territory, 
or within one year after becoming 21 years of age, then one half-section or 320 acres, one Iialf to the husliand and the 
other half to the wife in her own right, to be designated by the Surveyor-General. No person shall ever receive a patent 
for more than one donation of land in said Territory, in his or her own right. 

No claims upon sections TG and 86 for residence and cultivation of the same, after the survey, shall !>e valid. Cerlain 
lands are given for the endowment of a university. No mineral lands, nor lands reserved for salines, can be claimed 
under this act. 

All persons claiming land under this act, by virtue of settlement and cultivation commenced subsequent to Dee. 1. 1S50, 
must first make oath that the land claimed by them is for their own use and cultivation ; that they are not acting as agents 
for others in making such claims; and that they have made no sale or transfer, or any agreement for any sale or transfer, 
or by which the said land shall enure to the benefit of any other person, and persons making false or fraudulent oaths or 
afiBrmations shall be subject to all the pains and penalties of perjury. 

Jidigious Venominations. — The statistics of the several religious denominations In the State in 1S50, according to the 
census of that year, were as follows : 



Denninin.n- ^ 
tii>rm. Cli 

Baptist 

Christian 

Congregat'l.. 
Dutch Kef... 
Episcopal . . . 

Free 

Friends 

German lief. 



ircl.es. 

1 ... 



.101) 



.5U0 



.$2,000 
. G,2U0 



Vnliie of 
Pr-.p^rty. 

..$ - ! 



Denomina- 



Vnliieof 



1 



5(10 



. 211(1 . 
.I,'-*!. 



22,000 



fi.ono 

41.3211 



Tiinkcr 

Tallinn 

Cnitarian . . . 
UnivtTsalist . 
Minor Sects . 

Total... 



.8,13.>. 



.$- 



.tTC/v.'O 



tion^. CIm ( 

.Tewish — ■ 

Lnthi^ran . .. — 

Mriuionite. .. — 

Methoilist 

Moravian.. . . 

Presltyterian. 

It. Catholic... 

Swedentjo'n. . 

Oregon Territory forms a part of llie IJoinaii Catliolic Ecclesiastical province, of which Ore'.'on City i.< the metropolitan 
sec, and comprises the iliocese of Oregon Cily, Wallawalla, Fort Hall, anil Colville. The Kpiseojial Church has not yet 
been established in the Territory. 

BIiKUtioMil SttilUtics.—U is not exjiected that education in so sparsely populated a Territory n-s Orejon can have 
made much progress. No st^Uistics are yet published on which dependence e:in be pl.-iee-i, hut it is well known that in 
ail the cities there are not only eonnnon schools. l)nt reapeetatile academies, and i)rovisio[i has already been nia<le for a 
college or university. The grant of the if,th an<l .SOth section in each township ot land for e.lueational purposes is double 
the amount allowed to the western and other new Stales, an<l in course of lime will become an ample fund. 

U4 638 



ORE 



ORI 



Oregon, us :i fit-M of labor for the fanner, mechanic, and scholar, or tlie Christian, has become conspicuous, and will 
continue U* attract more and more the attention of the virtuous and industrious who sliall emigraJ<! from the Atlantic 
States. Wliile California, poor in soil and most of the conditions for steady industry, holds (»ut her peculiar attractions tc 
those who, by a temporary sojourn, would make haste to be rich, Oregon offers a home to all who would become i)erma- 
Dcnt members of a community relying upon the pursuits of agriculture and the arts for prosperity. "What the first has 
been in the eyes of men of commerce, the last has come to be in the view of those who cultivate the soil or follow the me- 
chanic nrls. These two countries, though adjoining, differ no less widely in their physical capabilities than in the exam- 
ples tht-y are furnishing of the law of cohtnization. In the one case wealth precedes educational and religious establish- 
ments and the reign of law and onler ; native gold dug from the earth or gathered from its surface, or separated from the 
pulverized rock, furnishes the means of support for churches, school-houses, and colleges, long before a community 
appears that recognizes them as indispensable elements in the machinery of the State. In the otlier, while wealth is an 
ticipatcd as the rev/ard of long-continued effort, and as incidenUiI to the sure and steady growth of a different class of 
interests, the members of the new community can not dispense with institutions which should accompany the colonizers 
as their household gods. This mode of settlement is one that commends itself to tliose who hope well for the ultimate 
character of those portions of our country yet to be occupied. It is the only way in which a great State can ever be built 
up. The deep foundations of prosperity rest upon the labors of a colony actuated by such views of life and effort. 

The sovereignty over this Territory was long claimed both by the United States and Great Britain, and after 1>1S was 
held in joint occupancy, being, however, subject to neither. The coasts of this country were discovered by the Spaniards 
in the 161h century, but in 1792 the discovery of the Columbia liiver, by Captain Gray, gave to the United States a claim 
to sovereignly. The British derived their claim from discovery and occupation. In 1S04-5-6 CapLiins Lewis and Cl-irke 
explored the counlry from tho mouth of the Missouri to the mouth of the Columbia, and spent the winter of lSOo-6 on the 
Pacific. In ISOS the first trading-house established on the waters of the Columbia was erected by the Missouri Fur Com- 
pany on Lewis Elver. In ISIO the Pacific Fnr Company, at the head of which was the late John Jacob Astor, of New 
York, was founded, and in the following year Fort Astoria was built at the mouth of the Columbia. This fort was taken 
during the last war by the English, but peace returning, it was again delivered by the British Government to its oriitinal 
cwners. The disputes respecting the sovereignty were renewed in ISi'i, and in 1846 a treaty between England and the 
United States defined the line of 49° as the division between the territories of the two nations. The people of Oregon 
hitherto had existed under a government of their own, and made their own laws. A bill to establish a territorial govern- 
ment passed the House of Representatives 16th January, 1847, but was not acted on by the Senate. In 1S4-S a bill passed 
both houses of Congress, and was approved by the President, 14th August. The government was soon after organized 
according to the provisions of the new law, and the independent government ceased. The emigration to Oregon is con- 
tinually increasing in numbers. 

Salem, on the east side of the Willamette River, is the political capital of the State. 



I Jefferson county, Ala. : S4 miles N. W. 
, Lancaster county, Pe7in. : 31 ra. E. by S. 



Oregon county. Mo. Situate S., and contains 1,756 sq. m. 
Drained by Eleven Point and branches of Spring rivers. 
Surface generally even ; soil moderately fertile, and yields 
average crops of com, wheat, etc. This is a fine mineral 
county, containing excellent beds o*" iron, copper, aiid lead 
ores, with others of importance. King's Mount is situate in 
the N. Much ot the land is covered with pine and other 
timber. Farms 130 ; manuf. 3 ; dwell. 25'2, and pop.— wh. 
1,392, fr. ool. 23, si. IS— total 1,432. Capital: Thomasville. 

Oregon, p. 
Montgomery. 

Orfgox, p. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Oregon, p. o., Clarke county, Tnd. : ST miles 9. by E. 
Indiannpolis. 

Oregon, p. v., and cap. Holt co., Mo. : 195 m. N. W. 
Jefferson City, and near the left bank of the Missouri r. It 
contains the court-house and several dwellings. 

Oregon, p. o., Chautauque co., A\ Y. : 295 m. W. S. "W. 
Albany. 

Oregon, p. o., "Warren co., Ohio : 71 m. 9. "W. Columbus. 

Oregon, sta., Seneca co., Ohio : on the line of the Mad 
River and Lake Erie li. R., 46 m. Sandusky City. 

Oregon, t. an(l p. v., Dane co., Wise. : in the 9. part of 
the county. Drained by a branch of Sugar r. Surface roll- 
ing. Till' lands are very good, and the soil well adapted to 
agricultural jiurpose.s. Pop. of t. 638. 

Orkgon, p. 0., Lincoln county, Tejin.: 67 m. S. i E. 
Kashville. 

Oregon City, p. v., and cap. Ogle co., HI. ; on the right 
bank of Roek r., 159 m. N. i E. Springfield. Pop. 540. 

Oregon City, p. v.. and cap. Clackamas co., Oreg. Ter.: 
on the right bank of the "Willamette r., 34 m. N. E. Salem 
and 12 m. above Portland. The falls at this place afford it 
an immense water-power, which has been improved to 
some extent. It was forraeriy the territorial capital, and [ 
contains the co. buildings. Tho " Statesman" and "Spec- 
tator" are newspapers published here. The v. has thriving 
trade, and may be considered as the commercial depot of 
034 



the upper "Willamette country. The office of the U. S. sur- 
veyor-general is stationed here. Pop. 697. 

Oregonia, p. 0., Tuscaloosa co., A!<i. : 8T m. "W. N. "W. 
Montgomery. 

Ore Hill, P.O., Litchfield CO., Conn..' 37 m.W. Hartford. 

Orforo, t and p. o., Grafton co., .A''. /lump. : on the Con- 
necticut r., 51 m. N. W. Concord. Drained by several small 
streams flowing into the Connecticut r. Soil in general fer- 
tile. Near the centre of the t. are situate mounts Cuba and 
Sunday. At the foot of a high mountain, near the river, 
limestone is found in abundance — ^grey granite and a fine 
quahty of soap-stone are found in many places. Galena, 
or lead ore, of fine texture, has been discovered in consid- 
erable quantities. There are some flourishing farms along 
the banks of the river. The v. is connected with Fairlee by 
a bridge, at which point there is a station on the Connecti- 
cut and Passunipsic K. R., 22 m. N. White River Junction, 
Venn. The t. contains several mills. Pop. of t 1,4UG. 

Ohfordville, p. v., Grafton county, 3'. I/amp.: on the 
"Wentworth post-road, 54 ni. N. "W. Concord. 

Orient, t. and p. o., Aroostook co.. Mi: : 143 m. N. E. 
Augusta. Chapatnetecook, or Grand, an<I North lake, form 
its E. boundary. Drained by a stream flowing into North 
lake. It is a fine agricultural town. Pop. 2(t7. 

Orient, p. v.. Suffolk county, 31 Y. : until recently called 
" Oyster Pond," 193 m. S. E. Albany. Is very pleasantly 
situated, commanding a view of Long Island Sound on the 
N., and Gardiner's bay on the S. and E. 

OnioN.p. o.. Pike co,, Ala. : 3S m. S. E. Montgomery. 

Orion, p. v.. Henry co., JIL : 113 m. N. N. 'V^'. Springfield. 

Orion, p. o., Richland county, Wise. : 53 miles \V. by N. 
Madison. 

Oriskany, p. v., Oneida co., 2^. K : on Oriskany cr., and 
on the Syracuse and Utica R. E. and Erie Canal. 7 m. from 
Ulica, and 89 m. N. "W. Albany. Tho "Oriskany Manufac- 
turing Company" have large manufactories here, and apo 
extensively engaged in the manufacture of woolen gcHxls. 

Oriskany creek. X. Y. : rises in Madison co., and flowing 
N. E. enters the Mohawk r. at Oriskany village, Oneida coj 



ORI 



OUW 



It is a valuable mill stream. Ou it are situate extensive 
cotlon and woolen faclories. 

Oriskanv Falls, p. v., Oneida co., 27^ T. : 95 m.'W. by N. 
Albany, on llie Oriskany cr. and Chenaii'ii) Canal, where 
the fall is from 30 lo3o feet, affording excellent waler-powcr. 
There are a number of mills at this point. 

OaizAiiA, p. c, Tippah county, J/w«. ; 1C7 m. N. by E. 
Jackson. 

Orland, p. v., Steuben county, Ltd.: on Fawn r., 141 ni. 
K. E. Indianapolis. 

Okland, p. o., Cook CO., 171.: 1T5 m. N. E. Sjirin^lleld. 

Oeland, t. and p. v., Hancock co., Mt'. : on llie K. !^ide of 
Penobscot r., 53 m. E. by N. Augusta. There are a number 
of ponds in the town, Ijv the outlets of wlii(.-h it is drained. 
Soil is good. It has flue faeililies for trade by water, but 
none of importance is carried on. ()ri)han island is directly 
opposite, and but a sliort distance from the t. Population 
of t. 1.5S0. 

Orlean, p. 0., Fauquier county, H'/v- •' TO m. N. by W. 
Eichmond. 

Orleans parish, Za. Situate 9. E., and contains 153 
sq. m. It is almost insulated by the adjacent lakes and riv- 
ers. On the N. is Lake Pontcliarlrain arid the Pij^olets, 
on the S. E. Lake Bort,'ne, and on tlie S. the Mississijtpi r. 
and Bayou Cieuvenu, which latter connects the r. with Lake 
L'Tijne. Between the lligolets and Lake Borgne are sev- 
eral swamp islands, on one of which is Fort I'ike, command- 
ing the eiilranee to Lake Pontcliarlrain. Tlie main-land is 
also a continuous swamp, but in parls is capable of being 
used for sugar, rice, cotton, etc., and here also are produced 
large supplies of garden vegetables aiul fine delicious fruits, 
which are so abundant in the New Orleans markets. The 
production is very small, however, in relation to the extent 
of the parish ; but perhaps no other part of the world re- 
ceives a greater share of commercial material from tributary 
disiricls. New Orleans, its capital, being the dep6t of the 
great Mississippi valley. Farms 51 ; manuf. 5.J1 ; dwell. 
li)fi2U and pop.— wh. 91,355, fr. col. lO.OSS, si. 1S,06S— total 
loy,-I61. CapiUil: New Orleans. J'uhlic Wor/cs : New 
Orleans, Jackson, and Northern P*. R. ; Mexican Gulf K. R. ; 
New Orleans and Carrullton P. P.; New Orleans, Miluc- 
burg, and Lake Poulcharlrain li. P., etc. 

Orleans county. A', i'. Situate N, W., and contains 372 
sq. m. Drained by Johnson's, Oak Orchard, and Sandy 
creeks, which fall into Lake Ontario. Surface is divided 
int'j three distinct terraces, rising successively one above 
the other, the highest elevation being about 400 feet above 
the level of the lake ; soil fertile, a deep loam, with sand and 
day intermixed. It contains some beds of bog-iron ore, 
and some brine and sulphur springs. Agriculture is the 
leading pursuit Farms '2.'271; manuf. 233; dwell. 5,273, 
and pop.— wh. 2S.390. fr. col. 102— total 2S,501. Cipital : 
Albion. Public Works: Kochesler, Lock port, and Niagara 
Falls P. U. ; Erie Canah 

Orleans county, Vt-rm. Situate N., and contains 641 
gq. m. Draino^l by Black, Barton, and Clyde rivers, which 
flow into Meniphremagi'g lake in the N., and by cliief 
branches of Onion and Nussisqne rivers. Surf;ice undulating 
and diversitied with small hikes; soil fertile and easy of 
cultivation, suited for grain. It has considerable commerce 
with Canada by way of Lako Mem ph rem agog. Farms 
2.055: manuf. GS: dwell. 2,760, and pop.— wh. 15,G03, fr. 
C"!. 14r— total 15,707. OipiUd : Irasburg. Public Works: 
Atlantic ami St Lawrence P. P., and a projected railroad 
from this toward Pouse"s Point 

Orleans, p. v.. Orange co., Imh: on the New Albany 
and Salem It. P., 57 m. from New Albany, and 75 m. S. by W. 
Indianapolis. 

Orleans, p. o., Alleghany co., Md. : 137 m. "W. N. W. of 
Annapolis. 

Orleans, t antj p. v.. Barnstable co.. Mass. : 6S m. 3. E. 
Boston. It extends across Cape Cod, with Nauset harbor 
ou the N, E. and washed by Pleasant bay on the S. A very 



pleasant v. is situated in the centre of the t, about 20 niileg 
from the court-house. Surface rolling; soil barren. Chief 
occupation of inhabitants, fishing and manufacture of suit. 
There are several islands in the bay belonging to this lowu. 
Pop. of 1 1,S4S. 

ORLiiiANs, p. v.. Polk county. Mo. : on the E. f()rk Sac r. 
100 m. S. \\. Jefferson City. 

OiiLEANS, p. o., Ontario county, X. Y.: 173 m. W. by N. 
Albany. 

Orleans Four Corners, p. o., Jefferson county, X. Y. : 
153 m. N. N. W. Albany. 

Orme's Store, p. o., Bledsoe county, Tcnn. : 91 m. S. E. 
Nashville. 

Urneville, t. and p. v.. Piscataquis co.. Mi'. : 67 m. N. E 
Augusta. Drained by the head waters of Pusluiw (a branch 
of I'enobscot r.), which has its source in a i)ond in llie cen- 
tre of the t Surface rolling; soil fertile; adajjted to grain. 
The Bangor post-road passes through the v. Pop. oft. 424. 

Oro, I), v., and cap. Placer co., Calif.: on E. side of 
Feather r., 29 m. N. E. Vallejo. Pop. about 3,000. 

Orono, t and p. v., Penobscot co., Me. : ou the right bank 
of the Penobscot r, 67 m. N. E. Augusta. Draine<l by two 
small streams flowing into Pusliaw lake on its N. W. border. 
The soil is well adapted to the iiroduetion of wheat, which 
is raised in large quantities. March's island, in the Penob- 
scot r., in fact belongs to the town. Extensive trade in lum- 
ber is carried on between here and Bangor. The Bangor 
and Piscataquis i;. U. passes through the t, on which is a 
station called Upper Stillwater, 9 m. from Bangor. The t 
contains several lumber-yards anil workshojja, numeroia 
mills, and a number of stores and dwellings. Pop. 2,7--5. 

Oronoco. p. o,, Amherst co., Virg.: 79 m. W. Pichmond. 

Orphan's island, Penobscot county, Me. : its N. part lies 
directly opposite the t. of Bucksport, to which it is attached ; 
it divides the Penobscot r. into two branches; on the W. or 
main branch, called the " Narrows," is a fort constructed by 
the United States government Its E. branch is called ]C;ist 
Piver. The island derived its name from an orphan Mho 
inhabited it at one time, it being her pari of tlie Waldo es- 
tate. It is 4 m, in length, and contains 5,()(i() acres of land. 

Orrington, t. and p. v., Penobscot co.. Me.: on E. side 
of Penobscot r., 59 m. N. E. Augusta. A pond and a small 
stream flowing into the Penobscot r., affords gtKtd water- 
power and fine mill-seals. Soil of good quality, well adapted 
to wlieat, which is raised in large quantities. The facilities 
tor navigation are excellent. The village is pleasantly 
situated on the banks of the Penobscot, and is a place of 
considerable manufacturing industry. Population of town 
1,S52. 

OitnsTo-wN, p. T., Franklin co., Penn. : on a fork of Cone- 
dogwinit cr., 40 m. W. S. W. Harrisburg. 

Orrsville, p. v., Gwiimett co., Ga. : on E. side of Chat- 
tahooehie r., 93 m. N. N. W. MiJledgeville. 

Orrsville, p. v., Armstrong co., Penu.: on E. bank of 
the Alleghany r., at mouth of Mahoning cr., 141 m.W. N.W. 
Uarrisburg. 

Orrville, sfa., "Wayne co., Ohio: on the line of the Ohio 
anrl Pennsylvania K. P., 11 m. E. from Wooster, and 84 m. 
N. E. Columbus. 

Orrville, p. o., Mecklenburg co., X. Cur. : 115 m.W. S.W, 
Paleigh. 

Or.RviLLE, p. o., Dallas co., Aht. : 47 m. W. Montgomery, 

Orwell, t and p. v.. Oswego co., A'. }'. ; 133 m.W. N.W. 
Albany. Drained by Salmon r. and its branches. Surface 
rolling; soil fertile in parts; generally saiuly, with good 
woodlands. The v. is situated in the centre of Uie town. 
Pop. of 1 1,106. 

Orwell, t. ami p. v., Ashtabula co„ Ohio: 152 m. N. E. 
Columbus. Drained by Grand r. and its branches. Surface 
elevated and well wooded ; soil good. Pop. of t S25. 

Orwell, t ami p. o., Bradford co., Pcnn. : 109 m. N. JF^ 
Harrison. Drained by two creeks flowing into the Susque- 
hanna r. Surface uneven, in parU hilly ; soil f- rtile. Tho 

G35 



ORW 



osw 



mauufaciurL's cunslst principally of woolen goods. Popula- 
tion of t. 1.327. 

Orwei.l, I. and p. v., Rutland co.. Verm. : on E. side of 
Lake Clianiphiiii, opposite Ticonderopi, .V. Y., 45 m. S. AV. 
Montpelii-r. Drained by a branch of Onion r. and a stream 
flowing into Ilu; lake. Surfiice varied, in parts rugged, the 
remaining even and very fc-rlile, prodm-ing gniin in great 
abundance. The streams atTnrd ex elK-nt mill privileges. 
Epsom sails are prorured from a spring in the t., m-ar the 
lake shore. Mount Independenee is in the W. pari of the 
t., near the lake — celebrated in the Revolutionary AVar. 
First settled in 17S8. The v. is situate centrally. Popula- 
tion of t. 1,470. 

Or.wnGsuna;, p. b., and cap. Schuylkill county, J'enn. : 
49 m. N. E. llarrisburg and 3 m. N. of the line of the Phil- 
adelphia and lieading II. K., on which is a station of same 
name, 7 m. fnmi Potts\ilIe. Tlie b. contains the cnirt- 
house. jail, and other public buildings. The " Skcnna des 
Folks'' (dem.), is a weekly issue. Pop. 90-3. 

Osage eoutity, 3fo. Situate E. eentriilly, and contains 
S55 sq. m. Drained by Gasconade r. and oihcr strt-ams of 
the Missouri, which bounds it on the N. Surlart' hilly; soil 
fertile. Timber is found on the lanri. Farms 711 ; manuf. 
9 : dwell. 1.0S2, and pop.— wh. G,4W, fr. col. 0, si. 270— total 
6,704. Otpittd : Litm. 

Osage, p. v., Crawford co., J/o. .• on Osage fork of Mara- 
mec r., G7 m. 8. E. Jefferson City. 

Osage, p. o.. Carroll co., Ark. : on Osage fork of Kingr., 
IIG m. N. \V. Little Kock. 
Osage, p. o., Fremont co., /(/. .• 223 m. S. W. Iowa City. 
Osage river, Jfo. : rises in the Indian Territory, flows 
into the State of MibSimri, and after a winding course tlirough 
the counties of Bates, St. Clair, Benton, Camden, and Miller, 
forms the division between Cole and Osage, and enters the 
Missouri r. at Formosa village, 9 m. E. Jefferson City. It is 
375 yards wide at its mouth, and uavigaijo for steamboats 
275 m. Length about 40(1 m. The land along its borders is 
in general very fertilf. It has numerous tributaries which 
afford extensive hydraulie-jKiwer to several counties in its 
course. 

Os,\.GR Point, p. o.. Benton co., Arh : on Prairie creek, 
152 m. N. W. Little Hock. 

Osanippa, p. o., Chambers cf)unty, Al<i. : 67 m. N. by E. 
Montgomery. 
OsBOKN. p. v., Pock CO., Wise. : 25 m. S. by E. Madison. 
OsBouN, sta,, Greene co.. Ohio : on Mad lliver and Lake 
Erie R. R., 14S m. Sandusky and 70 m. Cincinnati. 

OsBonNE lloixow, p. o., Broome county, JV'. Y. : 115 m. 
TN". by S. Albany. 

Osborn's Bridge, p. c, Fulton co., X. Y. : 39 m. N. "W". 
Albany. 

OsuoRS*s FoHD, p. v., Scott county, Mrg. : on Clinch r., 
175 m. S. \V. by S. Richmond. 

OscEo, sla.. Hillsdale co., 3fich. : on the ^^ichigan South- 
em R. R., 64 m. W. Monroe and 5S m. 8. Lansing. 

Osceola county, Mich. Situate W. centrally of the South 
Peninsula, and contains 57G sq. m. Drained by the Mas- 
kegon r. and its aftluents. and branch of the Manistee r. 
Surface elevated, but level ; soil generally deep and rich 
mold. Organized since 1S50. 

Osceola. I. and p. o., Lewis co., K Y. : 119 m. N. W. 
Albany. Drained by Salmon r. and its tributaries. Popu- 
lation of t. 412. 

OscooA county, ^tich. Situate N. E. of the South Penin- 
sula, and contains 676 &q. m. Drained by Au Sable r.. 
which traverses its central part. Surface level; soil in mast 
parts fertile. Set off sine".' ISot). 

OsELiniA, p. o., Chambers county, Ala, : 61 m. N. E. 
Montgomery. 

OsEoi.A, p. v., and cap. St. Clair co., 3fo. : on the S. side 
of Osago r., 93 m. "W. S. W. Jeflferson City. The county 
court-house is situate here. The "Oscola Independent" 
(whig) is issued weekly. Pop. COO. 
036 



OsnAt'KUTA, p. o., Columbia co.. Wise. : 31 m. N. Madison. 

OsuKosH, p. v., and cap. Winnebago co., Wt-sc: on \V. 

.side of Lake "Winnebago, and 73 m. N. E. Madis<in. There 

are two ])apers, the Oshkosh Democrat" and "Telegraph," 

issued here. Pop. about CuO. 

OsKALoosA, p. v., and cap. Mahaska county, Ta. : on th© 
Iowa City post-road, near a branch of the Des Mnines r., 
61 m. S. \V. Iowa City. It contains the county court-house. 
The "O. Herald" (whig) is issued weekly. Pop. 625. 

OsNABUiiG, t. and p. v., Slark county, Ohio: 104 miles 
N. E. by E. Columbus. Drained by the tributaries of Sandy 
river. Surface hilly; soil good, with forest of good oak 
timber. The v. is a thriving place, and has several stores 
and mechanic shops. Pop. of t. '2,227. 

OssABAW island and sound. Bryan co., Ga. : at the mouth 
of Ogeechee r. The island is flat and simdy, the sound is 
an inlet between this island and Warren island. The island 
is 10 m. long. 

OssAw'A, p. 0., Clinton county, Midi.: 87 m. W. by N. 
Lansing. 

OssiAx, t. and p. v., Alleghany county, Nl Y. : 17S m. W. 
Albany. Drained by Canaseraga er. and a few small streams 
which flow inti) the Genesee r. The BulTalo and New York 
City R. R. passes through the S. W. part of L Surface roll- 
ing: soil very fertile. There are in the t. several mills and 
dwellings, an<l places of instruction. The v. is situated on 
a tributary of Canaseraga er. P(tp. of t. 1,2S3. 

OssiAN, p. v.. Wills CO., Iiid. : on a branch of Bee cr., 
91 in. N. E. Indianapolis. 

OssiPEE, t.. p. v., ami cap. Carroll co., 2^. ITamp. : &4 m. 
N. N. E. C(mcord. Drained by Ossipee r., outlet of a lake 
so called, Ijing on its N. E. border. There are several small 
streams and ponds in the t; soil fertile. Ossipee Mountain 
lies in the N. W. part and extends into the adjoining towns, 
it is 6or S miles in length, and is so elevated that in easterly 
storms the wind breaking over the summit frequently causes 
much injury to the farms and buildings at its base. There 
is a mound near the W. shore of Ossipee lake 45 or 50 feet 
in diameter and 10 feet high, from which have been taken 
several entire skeletons, and also tomahawks, etc.. giving 
cause to the supposition, that the tribe of Indians once so pow- 
erful in this vicinity had their principal residence here. In- 
cor[iorated in 17S5. The v. is on the W. side of Ossipee 
lake, and conLains the court-house and other public build- 
im:s, a nimiber of stores, and some mills. Pop. of i. 2.12.S. 
OssiPKE mountains, Carroll co., JV; Ilamp. : a little N. of 
the N. part of Winnipiseogee lake, extending E. S m., to 
within about 4 m. of Ossipee lake. Ossipee forms in pari 
what is termed the Kastcm Range. 

OsTKNP, p. o., M-Henry county, JU. : 1C9 m. N. N. E. 
Springfield. 

OsTENP, p. o., Washington county, 0?tio: 83 m. S. E. 
Columbus. 

OsTEfiviixE, p. v., Barnstable CO., Mass. : opposite Grand 
island, 54 m. S. E. Boston. 
OswAVO, p. o., Potter co., Penn. : 115 m. N.W. llarrisburg. 
OswEGAToniB river, jVl Y. : rises by two branches in N. 
part of Herkimer co., pursues a circuitous course of 125 m. 
through St. Lawrence co., in a N. W. direction, and flows 
into the St. Lawrence river at Ogdensburg. 

OswEGO county. K. Y. Situate in the N., to the E. of 
Lake Ontario, and contains 923 sq. m. Drained by Oswego 
•and Salmtm rivers, and Salmon, Catfish, Scott, Scriba, and 
Black creeks, by which good water-power is supplied. 
Surface in general rolling, but in the N. rising to hills ; soil 
fertile, jirodueing fine crops of grain. This county contains 
some minerals, the primipal being bog-iron ore. It has 
Some fine ponds or lakes by which the face of the country 
is diversified. Farm.>< 4.497; manuf. 640; dwell. 11,064, and 
pop.— wb. G1.950, fr. col. 21S— total 62,195. CapiUiIs: Os- 
wego and Pulaski. Pithlir. Workfi : Oswogo and Syracuse 
R. R. ; Watertown and Rome R. R. ; Oswego Canal, etc. 
OswEGO, t. and p. v., Kendall co., HI. : on the left bank of 



osw 

Fox r., a ooiisliLUL-rit uf tliL- Illiiiiiis r., Ho in. X. E. Spring- 
fiehl. The Aurora Extcnsinn liailroad rima on llu- opjiu&ile 
«idi; of llii! r., aljolil 2 m. ilistiiiil. Pop. 1,580. 

Oswego, p. eily, port of i-ii[ry, ami aUeniatfly uith Pu- 
laski, cap. Oswi'go CO., .A', y. : nu IjoUi aiiks ol Oswego r.. at 
its entrance into Lake Ontario, 141) ni. W. N.\V. .Mliaiiv. The 
moutli of llie ri\er forms the liarbor, uliieh lias been much 
iijiprovi'il by artificial works, an<i it has talis ju>t above 
which, tlmu^'h jircveiiling its being navigated, Itirui-h ini- 
niense hydraube power. Ne.\t to Sackett's Harbor, that of 
Osweg.. is the best ou the south side of liu- lake. The har- 
bor iinproveiiients con^isls of piiTs jutting into tlie lake, 
funning a "giit," in whicli the water Ints a depth of from 12 
to 2U feet. It is connected ^Yilh the ICrie liy the Osweg<j 
Canal at Syracuse, and with the Central Ilailroad by the 
Syracuse an<l Oswego line. These alTord it facile commu- 
nication with tide-water, and are the channels of an im- 
mense eotitmerce coastwise, and from Ciniaila. At present 
it is the chief American depot for the trade passing through 
the "Wetland Canal, and from Toronto and other British 
ports on the lake. 

The collection tU^trh't of which ("iswego is the port of 
entry, commences at Stony Point, and extends to the W. 
shore of Sodus Bay, SO miles. The shii)(iing places are 
Texas, Port t^tntario, Sandy creek, Oswego, Little Sodus, 
and Sodus Point. The tonnage of vessels enrolled and 
licensed within the district in l^oO was 2ti,4ii4 tons, of which 
4,079 t'nis were navigate<i by steam. Nine vessels (5iio 
tons) were built during the year. The clearances in the 
foreign trade in IS^ill were 1.5'.is (2')1,T£I9 tons), of which Gtjt) 
were American (1S2.7S9 tons), and 9;3S tbreign (fj9,010 tons) ; 
and the entrances were l.doT (195,793 tons), of which (Jbl 
were American (122.311 tons), and 97fj foreign t7o,4S2 tons). 

The commerce of llie jtott of Oswego for the year l.s4S, 
according to the report of T. D. Andrews to Congress, in 
December, Ibtit), is exhibited in the annexed tables; 

AltltlVAI.S. 
VesF.-l9. Nfi. T..ns. Men. 

Aineriean 292 91.21S 4,1111 

I'oreign .'):;7 42,1(14 2,.',l!0 

Coastwise 1.5i;3 S42.4ii3 HUsD 

Total 2,392 47.1,925 23,1.50 

CLEAEANCES. 
Ve35t?ls. No Ton^. Mvn. 

American 313 lld.774 4.219 

Foreign .722 3-^,47S 2,41" 

Coastwise 1,44-^ ;>;fi.94!) 15..';.J2 

Tol.ll 2.2S3 477.2111 ii.WS 

Tlic total value of iinporls from foreign countries was 
$.524,1145, of which !H()<t,3C(i was the vtdiie of mercliandise 
brought in foreign vessels, and $41.5,0H5 of that brought in 
American vessels; and the total value of goods exjiorted to 
foreign countries was tl,.'!91.4TI, of which ;f5:S,544 was the 
value of foreign, and $4.52.927 of domestic goods Of the 
foreign goods exported, the value earrietl in American ves- 
sels was $242,0119. and in foreign vessels, $095.9.5,5. Among 
tlie imports are enumerated the following articles; 

Afti-lea. Pricing nnty. Fn-t- of Duty. Wareltoti-t-.l. 

Lumber 2i;,IUli,lll«l feet .. — — feet 

Wheat OS.iMs bush. . . — .... 6S,T0S hush. 

Flour 19 bbls. . . — .... 49,252 bbls. 

■Wool ;'I.2T9 1h.s. .. — 2,(11111 lbs. 

Yal. of all imports $210.111 1 .. $7,751 .. $3(10.273 

Among the exports of fi>reign gix>ds, the following are 
enumerated : 

Aro-l-^. Eiill'a to Drawt),icl<. KotEntilieJ. From Warf-liV. 

Bncar 3,972,049 lbs. . . — lbs. .. 216,642 lbs. 

Tea — . .647,884" .. — " 

Spirits 3.2110 gls. .. — .. 2,700 gls. 

Wines 2.401 " .. — .. 2,9:)2 " 

V:d.ofallfor.exp.$29:;,0.S3 ..$547,993 ..$91S,5« 



OSW 



Among the exporls of domestic goods are the following: 

In Anierii-.iii Vessels. In Foreign Vrrs-.-Is. 



Arlales, tinnnlily. 

Salt, bbls 15,.52U.. 

Flour " 1,172.. 

iticc. tierces .55. . 

Letilher. rolls 1.55. . 

Merchandise, pkgs — . . 

Toliae.o. b.ives 1.538.. 

Tallow, bbls 346.. 

Groceries — . . 

Cotton & wool nianiil'actures, | 
and bootji and shoes ) 

Total (including sundries) 



141.. 
471.. 
,827.. 
230.. 



Value. Qi 
$17,020.. 62 

5,S0O.. 

1,0,50 

8,000 
99,280 
8S,,5(I0.. .5,499. 

C,2:!0,. — . 
I8.2e0. . — . 

50.396. . — . 
(252,650.. 



$60 
2, 
6. 
4. 

176. 

C. 

C. 

45, 



,450 
,S36 
460 
470 
i.OOO 
,797 
515 
,000 



$452,927 



The following is an jibslract from the canal oniee-book8 
of jiroperty landed at Oswego, in the year 184S, with the 
estimated vjdue and its original destination ; 

Articles. Western Stnle.s. 

Forest Products $ — 

Animal " 737 , . 

Veget;ible Food .... 99 . . 

Manufactures 47G.374 . . 

Merchimdise 3,790.892 . . 

Other .articles 15.473 .. 



Total. 



.$4,2S9,.575 ...$: 



Cnrniih. 


New Vork. 


$ - . 


.. $10,783 


20,510 .. 


27,!S03 


48 ,. 


. . 8,54.089 


100,111 .. 


. . l;!2,ll23 


2,120,1137 . 


.. 3,7.54.4fiJ 


8.1109 . . 


69,272 


2,255,678 . 


..$4,:i43,914 



The above are the lalcst uniform series of slalistieson the 
coinnierce of the port accessible. Had we the returns for 
1852 complete, tiny would show at least luo per cent, in- 
crease in its amount and value — a fact indicaleil by isolated 
returns on ditferent articles. The canal tolls, for inslauce, 
which in 1848 were only $71,664, had risen in 1852 to 
$104,300, in spite of great reduction in the rates; and the 
following table exhibits a few leading articles carried on Uic 
canal in 1851 : 



Flour . . 
Wheat . 



li:irley. 
Pork . . , 
Beef. . . 



nil Osweco, 

... 8ss,181 bbK 
. .. 1,070.212 bush. 
... 1,192.217 " 
. . . 179,971 " 

23,545 bbls. 

1.5,854 " 



To Oswrco. 

P. E. iron.... 9S.:iS 1.00711)3. 

Iron 0,432.867 " 

Nails ASpks. 3,093,267 " 

Steel 49:1,3.52 " 

Merchandise. 25,617.8-5 " 

Sugar 14.24.1.;J21 " 

Salt 131.904.646 " 



Stiwed Inibr.. 82,925,070 feet. 

The tonnage of all property reaching Oswego in 18.50, was 
129,252 tons, and in 1551, 180,715 tons — iuerease in one year, 
51,403 tons. 

A few of the le:idiiig articles from Canada in IStO and 
1850, eouiparalively show the rapid increase of Intsini'ss in 
that direction ; 
Artii les 

Flour, barrels 198,023 . 

Wheal, bushels 

Oats, bushels 

Potatoes, bushels 

Lumber, feel 

Mutter, lbs 

Peas and beans, bushels. 



tsi'l. 


I SV.O. 


198,023 .. 


. . 200,874 


■CS2,SI30 . . 


.. 1,094.444 


6.5.7O0 .. 


90.166 


0,rsl8 . . 


10.;!72 


44,137,2s7 . . 


. . 50.C,s5.l'.82 


11.5,759 .. 


. . 225.087 


10.:>22 .. 


22.3;l) 



The annexed table cnpicd frnm llii' books <tf tlif (Mi.sf.t:n. 
house, exliiliiis llu- loliil vuIik' of I'oreiL^n ;iii'l tlciUL'sUo 
import'^ :m<l exports lor six years : 



Ye,,rs. 


Iin|iorl,s. 


F,|u,rt.. 


Tol^l, 


1845.. 


. . $2,973,098 . . 


..$4,979,711 .. 


. $7,951,409 


1810 , . 


.. 6,(i;i8.ino.. 


.. 4.404,872.. 


.. 9,.502,972 


1817.. 


. . 8,090,570 . . 


. . 9,977.213 . . 


. 18.047,819 


Is48... 


. . 7,021,:?63 . . 


..in,566..541 .. 


. 17.5s7,'i94 


1819.. 


. . 8,100.279 . . 


..10.4.58,068 .. 


. 18,.5.59,247 


1850 . . . 


. . 8,325,789 . . 


. . 15,087,342 . . 


. 21,013,131 



A larsre propoTlinii of Iho coriimercc of Lake Ontario nnd 
Oswego conies from Lake Krie lhroua:h the Wcilaii.l Canal, 
the iuerease of business on wliieh, from 1650 to 1S5I, was 

637 



osw 



nearly 40 por cent The same increase is also apparent in 
the subsequent year, 1S52. The revenue from the eanal 
(SS miles long), fur 1S51, amounted to $200,000. Many 
articles, Ihe product of the Mississippi valley, are also pre- 
ferrinj llic lake to the southern route, and of course seeking 
the port nearest to tlie point of destination. Oswego as such 
port hns many advantages, but will perhaps have a com- 
petitor when the Sodus Canal and railroad are completed. 
That the rapid progress of Oswego, however, is not tempo- 
rary, is loo apparent lo allow of a doubt Tlie past is but a 
prelude to the future, which will pour upon Oswego an 
amount of commerce unprecedented and astonishing. When 
the proposed system of railroads in Canada is completed, 
the commerce of Lake Ontario will become even greater 
than Uiat of Lake Erie as being nearer to tide-water, and 
more accessible at a less cost from the sea-board cities. 

As before remarked, Oswego is built on both sides of the 
river. The two parls are united by a bridge 700 feet long, 
and the ground rising on both sides from the river, affords 
excellent drainage, and many beautiful sites for building. 
The place is laid out with streets running at right angles, 
and public squares on which are the principal buildings. 
The slreets are 100 feet wide. Many of the residences are 
costly and handsome structures ; the court-house is located 
on the east side of the river, and on an elevation to the west 
of the river are the Presbyterian and Episcopal churches, 
two of the best edifices of Ihe place. There are also Baptist, 
JIetho<list, r.oman Catholic, and other churches. Other 
buildings of much architectural beauty are found in various 
directions, and much taste is everywhere developed in both 
the public and private edifices. 

Oswego has great advantages as a manufacturing city. 
The water-power afforded by the river and canal is unmense, 
and is used in a variety of manufactures, but chiefly by 
several extensive flouring-mills. On both sides of the river 
large manufacturing establishments are located, among 
which is a largo starch manufactory, which supplies an 
e.xtensive market with that article. The water-power of the 
pLace has been greatly improved by the construction of a 
leader dam 7i feet high, about a mile above. 

In tlie place there are a number of commission houses in 
the foreign trade ; numerous warehouses and retail stores, 
several line hotels, an extensive railroad depOt, the eanal 
■warehouses, a custom-house, three banks, several insurance 
offices, printing-offices, lumber yards, etc. 

The periodicals printed here are— the "Commercial 
Times" (whig), daily and weekly; the " Daily News;" the 
" O. Paladinm" (dem.), weekly ; and the '• People's Jour- 
nal," weekly. Besides the common schools, which are 
numerous, there are also located here an incorporated 
academy, and a first-rate female seminary, both in a very 
flourishing condition. There are also numerous private 
schools. 

The city is defended by Fort Oswego, a strong fortlllc.ation 
built on the site of the old C >rt of the same name, celebrated 
in the French and colonial wars. It is built on the E. side 
of the river, near the lake, on a tract of land cedeil to the 
Tnited States for such purpose. It commands the harbor, 
and is a .Hufficient defense against an enemy. 

Daily lines of steamboats, for the conveyance of passen- 
gers, run between this port and the lake ports of the United 
Stales, and Canada generally. 

Oswego was incorporated in 1S2S. In 13.30, it had 2,T03 
inhabitants : in IMO, 4,665, and in 1S50, 12,306— the increase 
between 1S30 and 1S40 w-as 72.53 per cent., and in the last 
decade the increase was 101.62 per cent. 

OswESO, t., Oswego CO., N. Y. : 148 m. W. N. W. Albany. 
It occupies a triangle of land formed on two sides by the 
Oswego r. and Lake Ontario. Near lis N. point is located 
the port of Oswego. The town is drained by several small 
streams (lowing into the lake. Surface generally level, but 
varied ; soil sandy loam of good quality, and very ferlilc. 
The interests of this town are much the same as those of the 



OTS 

city. Manufactures are numerous and extensive, and along 
the river are several flour and saw mills. Pop. 2,445. 

OswKGo, p. v., Koseiusko co., Ind. : on the S. W. bank 
of Lake Tippecanoe, G9 m. N. by E. Indianapolis. 

Oswego river, i^. Y.: formed by the junction of Seneca 
Dnd Oneida rivers. The Seneca is the common outlet of 
Seneca, Cayuga, Crooked, Canandagua, Owasco, Skancat- 
eles, and Cross lakes. The Oneida is the outlet of Oneida 
lake. After the junction, Oswego river pursues a N. W. 
course 24 miles until it enters Lake Ontario. For some dis- 
tance it forms the Oswego Canal, the falls being overcome 
by a succession of locks, and along its banks is a tow-path. 
The water-power afforded by this river is immense, and lias 
been greatly improved. Manufacturing establishments lino 
its banks below the falls, and the manufacturing establish- 
ments, mills, etc., of Oswego derive the'u* motive power from 
this source. Tlie harbor at its mouth is commodious, but will 
require considerable enlargement to accommodate its future 
commerce. It is made by extending piers into the lake on 
each side, thus forming an open canal, in which vessels of all 
the capacities sailing on the lake may enter and moor in 
safety. The falls prevent navigation above the port. 

Oswego Falls, p. o., Oswego co., X. Y.: at the falls of 
Oswego r., 147 m. W. N. W. Albany. 

Oswego Tillage, p. o., Duchess co., 2^. K .* 47 m. S. 
Albany. 

OswiciiEE, p. o., Enssell county, Ala. : 71 m. E. by S. 
Montgomery. 

Otego, t. and p. v., Otsego co., 27: Y.: 6S m.'W. by 9. 
Albany, and 24 m. S. "W. Cooperstown. Drained by tbo 
Susquehanna r. and tributary. Surface uneven, except upon 
the banks of the Susquehanna, where it becomes quite level ; 
soil fertile. The v. is pleasantly situated on the Otsdawa cr. 
in the S. part of t. There are in the t. several stores and 
mills, and a few manufactories. Pop. of 1. 1,792. 

Otis, t. and p. v., Berkshire co., Jfass.: 107 m. "W. by S. 
Boston. This t. was once comprised of the t, of Loudon 
and district of Eetlilebem, but was incorporated under its 
present name in ISIO (after tlie ITon. Harrison Gray Otis, of 
Boston, tlien Speaker in the House of Representatives). 
Drained by a number of ponds, which, with a small stream, 
forms the source of Farmington r. Surface very uneven ; 
soil fertile and productive. There are fine forests of hard 
wood, and also granite in the t. The manufactures consist 
chiefly of leather, boots, shoes, cabinet-ware, and lumber. 
The V. is in the S. of t Pop. of 1. 1.224. 

Onsco, t. and p. o., Ionia co., 3/ic?t. : 39 m. N-TV. Lansing. 
Drained by Flat r., which divides it, affording good water- 
power. Pop. oft. 1.018. 

Otisco, t and p. v., Onondaga co., -JT. Y. : 97 m.liV. by N. 
Albany. Otisco lake forms its W. boundary, by the outlet 
of which thet. is dr.ained. Surface rolUng; soil gooil, aud 
in fine slate of cultivation. The v. is on the E. si<le of the 
lake, and contains 2 churches and a number of dwellings. 
There arc in the t. several stores, workshops, and a number 
of mills. Pop. 1,S04. 

Otisco lake, Onondaga county, y. Y. : in the tT>wn3 of 
Spafford and Otis, is 5 m. long and 2 m. wide; its outlet 
flows N. into Onondaga lake. 

Otisfield, t. and p. v., Cumberland county. Me. : 42 m. ^ 
W. 9. W. Augusta. Drained by Crooked r. flowing into 
Sebago pond. There is a large pond on the E. border of L 
Soil is of good quality, producing wheat plentifully. The v. 
is situate centrally, and on the post-road. Pop. of 1 1,171. 
Otisville, p. o., Orange co., 2i. Y.: on the line of the 
Erie K. K., 72 m. S. by "VV. Albany. 

Otspawa, p. v., Otsego county, 27. Y. : on a small cr., a 
tributary of the Susquehanna r., 76 m. W. by S. Albany. 

Otskgo county, Mich. Situate N. of the S, Peninsula, 

and contains 576 sq. m. Drained by Sheboygan river and 

branch of the Au Sable river. Surface level, and diversified 

with small lakes. Set off since 1S50. 

OiBEGo county, 27. Y. Situate E. centrally, and contains 



OTS 



OTT 



S9"2 sq. m. Drained by Snaiiuehanna r., IJiitU-rnut, i.'t«go, 
Olsdawa, and Cliorry YalK-y creeks, all wluth are irilnitaries 
of Susquelianriu r. Surface clovated; in flnme parts it is 
mountuinuus, and in others diversified wilU Uiw bills and 
valleys ; soil lliough various, in most parts is fertile. A large 
quantity of lumber is expi)rte<!. It eonlairis some minerals 
and good marble quarries, also suljdiur springs, which aru 
remarkable for their medicinal qualities. In Burlington, 
considerable quantities of stone, consisting i)rincii)ally of 
marine petrifactions, are found. Farn.s -1,704 ; manuf. .330 ; 
dwell. 9,(h'i, and pop.— wh. 4S,-1S1, fr. col. 157— total .4S,G3S. 
Capital: Co*'>perstown. 

Otsego, p. v., Lake co., III. : 5 m.AY. from Lake Micliigan, 
204 m. N. N. E. Springfleld. 

Otsego, t. and p. v., Columbia co., Who. : 24 m. N. by E. 
Madison. Drained by Rock or. Surface level; soil fertile. 
The V. is on Kock cr., in the centre of t. Pop. of t, 420. 

Otsego, t, and p. v., xVllegim co., J/u-h. : 91 m. W. 8. W. 
Lansing. Drained by the Kahiiiiozoo r. and a number of 
small creeks. Surface umlulaling— in some parts hilly; soil 
varied, but along the banks of the Kalamazoo, black allu- 
vion ; it has fine wood-lands. The v. is pleasantly situated 
on the Kalamazoo river, at an elevation of 30 feet. Pop- 
ulalion of t. SIS. 

Otsego, p. o., Muskingum county, Ohio: 55 miles E. 
Columbus. 

Otsego, t., Otsego co., y. V. : 62 m. W. Albany. It lies 
between Otsego and Canaderaga lakes, the outlet of the 
latter, Oak cr., affording good water-power. Surface some- 
what hilly; soil clay and gravelly sand and loam. It has 
considerable manufactures and numerous mills. Pop. in 
1S40, 1.421, and ISoO, 1,792. 

Otsego, p. o., Eay county, Mo. : 113 m. W. N. W. 
Jefferson City. 

Otshgo lake, Otsego county, iV. Y. : in the towns of 
Springfield, Middlefield, and (.)lS(?go, is 9 m. in length and 2 
in width, and has for its outlet the source of the Susquohan- 
ua r. This lake is remarkalile for the beauty of ils scenery. 
At its outlet is the flourishing village of Ci>operstown. 

Otselic, t. and p. v., Chenango co., iV. l'. ; 104 m. "W. 
Albany. Drained by tlie Otselic r., which passes through 
it. Surface uneven and much broken ; soil clay luam. 
There is some very fine wood-land here. The v. is situate 
in the N. of the t., at which there is a p. o. The t, contains 
several mills. Pop. of 1 1,800. 

Otselic river, N. Y. : rises in Eaton, Madison co., flows 
in a S. S.W. direction through N-W. part of Chenango and 
S. E. part of Cortland co., and enters the Tioughnioga r. in 
BM*^e county. 

V'T)TTA QcEEcnEE Tivcr, Fe;'???. .* rises in Sherburne, Eul- 
land CO., flows S. E. through Bridgewater, N. E. through 
"Woodstock into the S. part of Hartford, thence S. E. through 
the X. E. part of Hartland, and empties into the Connecti- 
cut, 2 m. above Queeehee Falls, anil 3 m. below the v. so 
called. In its course it receives a number of considerable 
mill streams and several other tributaries. It is 35 m. in 
length, and waters over 200 sq, m. Also called Water 
Queeehee and Queeehee river. 

Ottawa county, Jlich. Situate W. of the S. Peninsula, 
and contains S2S sq. m. Drained by Grand r. and its tril)- 
ularies. Black and Maskegon rivers. Surface rolling, and 
pres nting to the lake shore high sand-bliitfs. Soil gen- 
erally fertile, producing wheat, Imlian corn, and potatoes. 
Farms 27S; manuf. 36; dwell. 1,129, and pop.— wh. 5,533. 
fr. col- 55— total 5,587. Cajyitnl: Grantl Haven. 

Ottawa county, Ohio. Situate N., and bounded on the 
N. E. by Lake Erie, the ea.stcrn portion stretching consid- 
erably into the lake, and forming Sandusky bay. It con- 
tains about 320 sq. m. Drained by Portage and Toussaint 
rivers. Surface level, and in many parLs very low; soil in 
general fertile. Pine timber is found on the land. Sandusky 
bay forms its S. E. boundary. Farms 227; manuf. 11; 
dwclL 613, and pop.— wh. 3,307, fr. col. 1— total 3,30S. Cap- 



iUd: Port Clinton. I'lO-Uc Works: Cleveland, Js'orwalt, 
and Toledo K. li. ; Jimction E. R., etc. 

Ottawa, p. v., and cap. La Salle co., 111. : at the junction 
of Fox r..with the Illinois (which divides It into three parts), 
119 m. N. N. E. Springfleld. It is laid off on both sides of 
the Illinois r., and is accessible by steamboats at liigh water, 
for which there is a very good landing. Below for Ihe dis- 
tance of S or 9 m., are rapids and shoals funned by barriers 
of sand and limestone ruck. Tlie Illinois an<l Michigan 
Canal passes through the village S5 m. from Chicago, and 
15 m. Peru, thereby opening communication by water to 
the lake and the Mississippi r. The Chicago and Rock 
Island K. R. passes through the village G3 m. from Chicago. 
Founded in 1S30, and contains the court-house and other 
buildings. It is one of the most important sites for com- 
mercial business in the Slate. The water-power derived 
from the canal and river is immense. The Ottawa Hy- 
draulic Company have a valuable water-power on the 
Illini>is r., one-fourth of a mUe above Ottawa. The surface 
of Ihe country around is undulating, and well aiiapted to 
farming, with some groves of timber; sod rich. Lime and 
coarse freestone in great abundance. The " Constitutionalist*' 
(whig), and "O. Free Trader" (dem.), are published weekly. 

Ottawa, p. o., Ottawa county, Ohio: 121 m. N. by "W. 
Columbus. 

Ottawa, t. and p. v., Waukesha co., Wise. : 49 m. E. by S. 
Madison. Drained by forks of Rock r. on the N. and 3. 
Surface rolling; soil good. There are a number of small 
ponds in the t. Like the rest of the co., this t. has excellent 
limber. 

Ottawa Lake, p. o., Monroe co., Mich. : near Ottawa r., 
93 m. S. E. Lansing. 

OTTEii creek, I V/-m. .• rises in Pcni L, Bennington co., and 
flows in a N. by "W. direction, Ihrougli Rutland and Addi- 
son, and enters Lake Champlain at Ferri^burg. It is nav- 
igable tor lake ves.seis as far up as Vergennea, dist. 6 m., and 
for boats from Middlebury to Piltsford, 25 m. The falls at 
Middlebury, AVeybridge, and Yergennes, aflbrd extensive 
wat<.-r-power. Large-sized vessels have been built at Yer- 
gennes, and the flotilla of Commodore M'Douough fitted 
out there in 1S14. 

Otter Bridge, p. o., Bedford co., Virg.: on a branch of 
Staunton r., 103 m. W. by S. Richmond. The Yirginia and 
Tennessee E. R. passes near this location. 

Ottek Creek, p. o., Jersey co., 2/L : on a fijrk of creek 
by same name, 03 ra. S. W, Springfield. 

Otter Creek, p. o., Addison co.. Verm. : ou a cr. of same 
name, 37 m. W. by S. Montpelier. 

Otter Creek, p. o., Jackson co., Mc<:h. : 29 ni. S. by E. 
Lansing. 

Otter Dale, p. o., Chesterfield county, Virg. : 13 m. 3. 
Richmond. 

OTTEn, Peaks of, T7rg.: a portion of the Blue Riilge 
(Alleghany Mountains), situated between Bedford and B'tte- 
tourt counties, 116 m. W. Richmond. These peaks >^lloot up 
in projecting summits to the height of 4,260 feet, and are the 
highest land in the State. 

Otter Yillage, p. v., Eipley county, Ind. : (U ni. S. E. 
Indianapolis. 

Otterville, p. v., Cooper co., J/b. .• on the W. side of the 
river & la Mine, and 50 m. W. by N. Jefferson City. 

Otto, t. and p. v., Cattaraugus co., Al Y. : 205 m. W. byS. 
Albany. Drained by Cattaraugus cr. and branches. The 
cr. bounds it on the N., and the N. Y. and Erie R. R. crosses 
its S. W. part. Surface hilly; soil adapted to grain. Lum- 
ber and grain are the chief products. The v. is in the 
S. W. part of the t. Pop. of t, 2,267. 

Otto, p. v., Fulton co.. III. : on S. side of Otter cr., 45 m. 
N. W. Springfield. 

Ottoiiine, p. 0., Rockingham CO., Virg. : 101 m. N. "W. 
Richmond. 

OrisviLLE, p. v., Bucks county, yV;i«. .• 90 m. E. byN 
Harrisburg. 

689 



OTT 



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OiTUMWA, p. v., and cap. "VVapeUo co., III. : on tho Dea 
Moini's r.. centrally in co., G3 m. S. W. Iowa City. It con- 
tains the county ci.)urt-bou8C', anil several dwellings. 

OrAriiiTA City, p. v., Union par., La.: 159 m. N. W. 

Baton Uouge. A United States land office is situate here. 

The "Ouachita Gazette" (''em.) is issued weekly. 

Oii-KANT, p. o., Delaware co., K Y. : 64 m. S. W. Albany. 

Ol'kyw, p. 0., Hamilton co., Ohio : 97 m. S. W. Columbus. 

OcTAGAMfE county, Wise. Situate toward the IC., and 

contains 64S sq. m. "Wolf river enters it in the "W., antl 

passes throuijh it in a northerly direction, by which and 

its l)ranrhfs it is drained. Surface varied, in most parts 

being liilly and broken, but there is much level lami ; soil 

fertile. Pine and other limber abrmnds, and there is fine 

pasturage for cattle. Erected since 1S50. 

Ol-tlkt, p. 0., Lake co., Itid. : on Cedar cr., 119 m, N. W. 
Indianapolis. 

OvEBALi^, p. 0., "Warren co., Virff.: 103 m. N. by W. 
Eichmond. 

OvBUFiELD, p. 0., Barbour county, Tirg. : 175 m. N. "W. 
Eichmond. 

Oveu.man's Ferky, p. 0., Muscatine co., Id. : 29 m. S. E. 
Iowa City. 

OvEP.SLAUGn, K Y.: Vl shoal in the Hudson r., a few 
miles below Albany, consisting of a succession of bars or 
flats, through which there were narrow channels, with a 
small deplli of water at low tide. The obstruction has been 
partially removed by the government. 

Overton county, Tenii. Situate N., and contains 526 
sq. ni. Drained by Eoaring river in the S. "W., and by 
Obey*8 river and its branches in the N., and central portions. 
Surface undulating; soil a fine deep mold, and very fertile, 
the land on the streams being rich and productive. Staples, 
cott<m, tobacco, and Indian corn. It has good pasturage for 
cattle, and some excellent timber land. Farms 929 ; manuf. 
9 ; dwell. 1,673, and pop.— wh. 10,0S6, fr. col. 60, si, 1,065— 
total 11,211. C<!j>l*al: Livingston. 

Ovid, p. v., Lee co., 121. : on a branch of the Illinois r., 
133 m. N. i E. Springfield. 
Ovid, p. o., Madison co., Iiid. : 29 m. N. E. Indianapolis. 
Ovid. t. and p. o.. Branch county, Midi. : 63 m. S. S. W. 
Lansing. Drained by two small creeks. Surface rolling; 
soil of a dark, rich loam ; abounds in fine timber lands and 
excellent^razing. Pop. of t 710. 

Ovid, t an<i p. v., Seneca co., K Y. : 60 m. "W. Albany. 
Eoundi'd on tlie E. by Cayuga, and on the W. by Seneca 
lake. Drained by a number of small streams flowing into 
the lakes. Surface hilly; soil fertile. The v. is on an ele- 
vation, and has a good landing on the lake. The '' 0. Bee" 
is a Weekly issue. Pop. 2.25S. 

Ovid, p. v., Franklin co., Ohio: on the "W. side of Big 
Lick creek. 12 m. N. E. Columbus. 

OwASco. t. and p. v., Cayuga co., K Y. : 144 m. "W. by N. 
Albany. Bounded on the W. by Owasco lake, by which 
and the cr. it is drained. Surface rolling ; soil rich sand and 
loam, and well cultivated. The v. is in the S. E. part of t., 
and contains two churches and several stores and dwellings. 
There are in the t a number of mills. Pop. 1,254. 

OwASCO Lake, p. o., Cayuga co., X. Y, : 133 m. "W. ^ N. 
Albany. 

OwASCo lake, Cayuga co., K. Y. : 12 m. in length, and 1 
mile wide, running N. and S., 145 ra. W. from Albany, in 
thet. of Owasco, Fleming, Niles, and Scipio. The banks of 
the lake are very hilly and pictures(iue. It abounds in flne 
fish. Its outlet, so called, flows into Seneca river, and 
affords excellent water-power. 

OwASCo river, N. Y. : outlet of Owasco lake, flows N. into 
Seneca river, in tlie t. of Metz. It affords extensive water- 
power, and has some fine mill-sites already occupied. 

OwASCcs, p. 0., Fond du Lac co., Wise. : 63 m. N. E. 
Madison. 

OwABso, t. and p. v., Shiawassee co., Mirh.: 21 m.N. E. 
Lansing. Drained by Shiawassee and Maple r. Surface 
640 



generally level ; in parts swampy, and well ada])ted to the 
raising of cattle. There are fine mill-sites on the Shiawassee 
and Maple rivers. The v. is situate on the Shiawassee river. 
Pop. of t. 892. 

Owego, L, p. v., and cap. Tioga co., 2^. Y. : 132 m. 'W.S.'W. 
Albany, and 160 m. Dunkirk. The Susquehanna r. divides 
the t., by wliifh and its tributaries it is drained. Surface 
various; in part.s hilly, while along the river there are ex- 
tensive flats ; soil fertile, and well cultivated. The v. is on 
the N. bank of the Susquehanna r., at the mouth of Owego 
ereek; was incorjjDrated in 1S27, and now contains tho 
court-house, jail, and other public buildings, a bank, several 
hotels, and an academy. Water-power is derived l)y means 
of an hydraulic canal, supplied from Owego ereek, which is 
an important and never-fitlling mill stream. The Erie R. R. 
passes througti the v., and ihc Cayuga and Susquehanna 
K. E. extends from here to Cayuga, distant 70 miles. The 
manufactures consist of wool and wooden-ware. Lumber, 
plaster, and salt, are the chief commodities of trade. The 
'■ 0. Advertiser" (whig) and '' 0. Gazette" (dem.) are issued 
weekly. Pop. of the t. 7,159. 

Owego creek, N. Y. : rises in the S. part of Cortlandt 
and Tompkins counties, and flowing S., affording good 
water privileges to several villages, empties into the Susque- 
hanna river, at Owego village, Tioga county. 

Owen county, Tiid. Situate S. \V. centrally, and contains 
449 sq. m. Drained by branches of Eel river, and W. fork 
of "White river. The falls of the former furnish excellent 
water privileges. Surface undulating in the larger portion 
of the county ; the land in the E. is hilly, and on the rivers 
level ; soil fertile, being a deep vegetable mold, and is very 
productive. Timber is abundant on the streams. Coal is 
found, and there are some fine beds of iron ore. Farms 
1.442, manuf. 26 ; dwell. 2,000, and pop.— wh. 11,950, fir. col. 
156— total 12,106. Cajjital: Spencer. 

Owen county, Ky. Situate N., and contains 2S9 sq. m. 
Drained by Eagle and Cedar creeks, and other small streams. 
Surface level; soil generally fertile, and making fine pas- 
ture land. Chief productions, tobacco and Indian com, 
wheat, sugar, etc. Farms 917; manuf 6; dwell. 1,623, and 
pop.— wh.S,900. fr. col. 30, si. 1,514— total 10,-144. Oipiial: 
Owenton. Public Works: Yincennes and Indianapolis 
R. E. ; Wabash and Erie Canal. 

Owen, p. o., Wabash county, JiuJ.: 69 m. N. by E. 
Indianapolis. 

Owen river, Calif. : rises in the Snowy Mountains, 174 m, 
E. by S. i S. Tallejo, flows through a mountainous dis- 
trict, E. by S. about 27 m., and S. about 53 m., emptying 
into a lake so called. 

OwEssBOROucn, p. v., and cap. Daviess co., K>/. : on tho 
banks of the Ohio r., 9 m. below Rockport, and 123 m. 
W. S. W. Frankfort. Situate in a very fertile region, 
abounding in mineral resources. It contains the court- 
house, several churches, an academy, and a number of 
stores and dwellings. The " American," a weekly (ludep.), 
is published here. Pop. 1,214. 

OwENSBFRG, p. 0., Grccn county, Ind.: 59 miles S. W. 
Indianapolis. 

OwENsviLLE, p. v., Salinc county, Arl: : on middle fork 
Saline r., 2S m. W. S. W. Little Rock. 

OwENSviLLE, p. v,, Glbson CO., Ind. : near Polk's null 
stream, 125 m. S. W. Indianapolis. 

OwENsviLLE, p. v., Clcrmoiit county, Ohio: 75 m. S. W. 
Columbus. 

OwESTON, p. v., and cap. Owen co., Ky.: situate in S. W. 
part of CO., ] 9 m. N. Frankfort, and contains the court-house 
ami several dwellings. 

OwENvaLE, p. o., Sampson co., K Car. : 49 m. E. S. E. 
Raleigl). 

Owing's Lane, station, Baltimore co., Md. : on the West- 
minster Branch of Baltimore and Susquehanna R. E.,13 m. 
from Baltimore. 

OwinO's Mills, p. v. and sta., Ealtimore co., Md. : on line 



OWI 



OYS 



of the Westminster Branch of Baltimore and Susquehanna 
n. K., 17 ni. N. Baltimore, 41 ni. N. Annapolis. 

OwiNGSViLLK, p. v., and cap. Balli eo., A'//. ; 3 m. N. 
Slate cr., in centre of co., and Gl m. E. Fninkrort. Il con- 
laius the cnurt-house, etc,, and 205 inliabilants. 

Owl Praiieir. p. v., Daviess co., Iii<f. : nii the W.' side of 
Waliash and Krie Canal, and near the W. fork of White r., 
75 m. !?. W. Intlianapolis. 

OwsLET counly, Ay. Situate E. centrally, and contains 
3S9 sq. ni. Drained by Kentucky river and its brandies, 
^outh fork, and Sturgeon creek. Surface even; soil a 
fine deep loam, very fertile, and well adapted to strain. 
Chief pr'iduciii.ms, wheat, Indian corn, and tobacco. 
Farms -ISl ; nmnuf. "20 ; dwell. 5SS, and i)op. wh.— 3,616, fr. 
col. 22, 8l. 13G— total 3,774. Cupital : Boijueville. 

OwYiiEK river, Ot-fg. Ter. : tributary of Lewis, a fork r.f 
Columbia r.. rises in Weber co., Utah Ter.^ makes a circuit- 
ous course W. and N. W. into Oregon, flowing N. and N. K. 
enters Lewis r. 15 m. S. Fort Boisse. 

Oxm>w, p. o., Wyoming co., Penn.: 95 m. N. N. E. 
Ilurri.sbur^. 

Oxitow. p. v., .Jefferson co., K. Y. : on the Oswegatchie 
riwr. 117 m. N. by W. Albany, and 31 m. N. E. Sackelt's 
Harbor. 

Oxiiow. p. o., Putnam county, lU. : 101 ni. N. by E. 
SpringlKId. 

OsF'jKD county, Sfe. Situate W. toward the S., and con- 
tains 1,S76 sq. m. Drained by Androscoggin river and ils 
branrlies. and by Saco river. Surface in general broken 
and hilly, and is pleasantly diversified with numerous lakes ; 
soil in many parts is very fertile. Chief productions, wheat. 
In<iian corn, and potatoes. It has some gooil tinil>er land. 
Farms 4,2S3 ; manuf. 150 ; dwell. fi,712, and jiop. — wh. 
39,C5S. fr. col. 5— total 39,663. Oipital: Paris. 

Oxi'ouD. p. v., Talbot co., Mil. : on an inlet of Chesapeake 
bay, 27 m. S. E. Annapolis. 

Oxford, t. and p. v., New Haven co., Conn. : 32 m. 
S. W. Hartford. Drained by llousatonic and Naugaluck 
rivers and branches, affording extensive water-power and 
fine mill-seat.s. Surface generally uneven, in parts liilly, 
with a fL-niie and productive soil. Among the manufactur- 
ing establishmenLs, those of satinet and hat are the mo.sl im- 
pi>rtant. In the S. part there is a mineral spring called '-The 
pool," much usi'd in the cure of salt rheutn and other com- 
plaints. The V. is on the line of the Norwich and Worcester 
K. R., 11 m. Worcester. It contains 2 chiu-ches and several 
dwelhngs. Pop. of t. 1,562. 

OxFoitP, !>. v., Newton co., Ga.: 55 m. N. W. Milbdgi - 
ville. The Emory College (founded in lS3T) isjiituato here, 
having (in 185(1) a president, 5 professors, and 13S alumni, 
of whom 16 are in the ministry, and 115 students. The 
library contains 1,701) volumes. Pop. about 6oO. 

Oxford, p. v., Henry co., J II. : on tiu- Mnnrnouth and 
Prophelstowu post-road, 105 m. N. by W. .Springfield. 

OxFoiiD, p. (>., Benlon co,, Imf, : situate 3J m. dist. Big 
Pine creek, 75 m. N. W. Indianapolis. 

Oxford, p. o., Scott co., A'y. ; 15 m. N. E. Frankfort. 

Oxford, t., p. v., and sta., Oxford county, .Vf. ; 33 miles 
W. S. W. Augusta. Drained by Litlle Androscoggin r. and 
a number of p'mda. The soil is fertile, producing excellent 
grain. There are several mills on the banks of the river. 
The V. is in S. part of t. The Atlantic and St. Lawrence 
P. R. passes through it, on which is the sta., 40 m. from 
Portlan<J. Poj). of 1. 1,233. 

Oxford, p. o., Grafton co., X. JTurnp. : 45 m. N. by W. 
Concord. 

Oxford, t and p. v., Worcester co., Mass. : 47 m. S, W. 
Boston, and 10 m. S. Worcester. Important for its manu- 
factures, consisting chiefly of woolen anrl cotton goods, 
boots and shoes. It is a very pleasant t., well watered by 
French river, a branch of the Quinebaug. Surface rugged ; 
soil gravelly. There are in the town several stores, manu- 
factories, grist and saw mills, and a machine and other me- 

I 4 



cbanic shops. The village is on a street running N. and S. 
Pop. of t. 2,3S0. 

OxFOKu, t. and p. o., Oakland county, MicJi. : 63 m. E. 
Lansing. Watered by Stony and several other smaller lakes 
and streams. Surface hilly, interspersed with marshes ; soil 
varied, in parts sandy. The p. o. is in the N. of the town. 
Pop. of t. 1,019. 

Oxforp, p. v.. and cap. Lafayette co., Mhs. : at the source 
of a branch of the Yucanapaiapba river, 14:3 m. N. N. E. 
Jackson. It has a college (the University of Miss.), founded 
in 1S44, having (in 1S50) a president, 6 professors, and 134 
students, with a library containing 2,450 volumes. Contains 
the court-house, and usual nvnnber of public buildings. 
There are two newspapers publisluMl here, the " Organizer*' 
(S. i;.), and the "Star of tlie Union" (unitm). both weekly 
issues. The High Court of Errors sits hero onee every 
year. Pop. about 1,600. 

Oxford, t. and p. v., Chenango co., A"! T. : 97 m. W. by S. 
Albany. Surface rolling; soil very firtile, imd well culti- 
vated. The Chenango r. and canal pass through it. There 
is a factory and several mills in the town. The v. is on the 
Chenango r., which divides it. It has a foundry, tamiery, 
and several carriage manufactories. The canal pa^-yes 
lUrough the v., which affords easy communication with 
the city of I'tica. Oxford al)ounds in rich grazing land, fine 
horses and cattle. The "C. County Whig." and "Free 
Democrat," are published iiere. Pop. of village 1.350 — of 
town 3,227. 

OsroRD, sta.. Orange co., N. Y. : on the Erie R. l'.., 62 m. 
New York, ST m. S by W. Albany. 

Oxford, p. v., and cap. Granville counly. N. Ciir. : 39 m. 
N. Raleigh, and near Fishing creek. It contains the court- 
house, jail, markel-honse, hosi>ilal, and 2 academies, 360 
dwellings, and 1,97s inhabitants. 

Oxford, t. and p. v., Butler co., Ohio: 96 m. AV. S. W. 
Columbus. Drained by aflluents of Great Miami r. Sur- 
face moderately uneven ; soil of extraordinary fertility. 
The village lies on the W. side of Four Mile cr.. an.i near 
the union of the I'our Mile Valley and Junction R. U. from 
Indiana. The Miami University is situated in the town: 
founded in 1S09, and had in 1S50 apresi'lent. 6 pmfcssors, 
and 343 alumni (of which lo2 are in the ministry), GO stu- 
dents, and a library containing S.noo v<ilumi's. 'I'he Theo- 
logical Seminary commenced in 1S34, hail (in IsSO) 3 
instructors, 20 students, and a library of 1,500 volumes. 
Pop. of v. 1,034, and of t. 2,0iiT. 

Oxford, p. o., Benlon county, ,4A/..- 97 miles N. by E. 
Montgomery. 

Oxford, p. v., Clicstcr county, Peiin.: 57 miles S. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Oxford, p. o., M'Minn county, Tenn.: 113 miles S. E. 
N:ishville. 

Oxford Depot, p. v.. Orange co., K. Y.: on tin- line of 
the New York and Erie R. It., 62 m. N. N. W. New York 
city, ST m. S. by W. Albany. 

Oxford Furnack. p. v., Warren county, y, J>r.: on a 
branch of Pequest river, 41 m. N. "W. Trenton. Tln-re is a 
furnace situate in the village, and iron ore of a rich quality 
is found in abundance ui tlie vicinity, and easily smelted. 

Oxford V-u,lev, p. o., Bucks county, Venn.: 103 m. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Oyackf.e, p. v., and cap. Washington co., HVsc. ; on the 
bank of Lake Michigan, S3 m. W. by N. Madison. The 
county court-house is at Washington. 

OYSTER Bay, t. and p. v.. Queens CO., J\^ 5'.; 125 m. S. 
Albany, and 23 ra. New York city. Extends across Long 
Island, being washed on tho N. by the bay so calle<l, and on 
the S. by Great South bay. Surface varied— on the N. quite 
billy ; soil loam ami rocky, on the S. it is very sandy and even. 
The V. is situate at the head of the bay so called, and is a 
favorite resort in the summer season. It contains several 
chnrclies and ilwi-lliiigs. Numerous sloops and steamboats 
ply between here and New York city. Then; are in the 

C41 



PAL 



Kkl^e. Farms 52C; manuf. 2S ; dwull. 1,0S9, an.l pop.— 
wh.°C,332, fr. col. 311, al. 957-tolal 7,G00. Capital : Luray. 
Page-8 Coknees, p. v., Herkimer county. A'. 1'.; 61 m. 
W. by N. Albany. 

Pagssvili-e, p. v., Newberry dist., X Car. : 51 m. N. W. 
by W. Columbia. The Laurens K. E. passes tlirousli it. 

Pagevillk, p. v., liarren co., Kij. : 1U9 m. S. W. by 9. 
Franlifort. 

Paincocktvule, p. v., Assumption parish, Xa. : 34 ro. 
S. by E. Batan Rouge. , 

Paine's Hollow, p. v., Herkimer county, K. J. • Cb m. 
W. N. W. Albany. 

Paise-s Point, p. o., Ogle CO., 111. : m. E. of Eock r., 
150 m. N. by E. Springfield. 

Paisesville, t, p. v., and cap. Lake CO., Ol„o: on Lake 
Erie 14T m. N. E. bv N. Columbus. Drained by Grand r., 
which affords water-power. Surface level, and soil of aver- 
age fertilitv. The v. is on the r., about 3 m. S. of the lake, 
and contains a court-house, jail, bank, academy, a large 
furnace and stove manufactory, several flouring and other 
mills, and about 1,000 inhabitants. II is on the Cleveland 
and Erie E E., 29 m. E. of Cleveland, and a branch rad- 
road diverges to Fairport v., at the mouth of Grand r. 'ihe 
"P. Telegraph" (.fr. sod) is published weekly. Population 
of town 8,123. ^, , . . 

Pais esville. p. v., Amelia CO., Vir(,. ; on Flat cr. of Ap- 
pomattox r., 29 m. W. S. W. Richmond. In the vieunly are 
a cotton factor}' and several mills. 
Painesville, p. v., Chittenden CO., Venn. 
Paint Beascu, sla.. Prince George Co., Mil. .- 8 m. t. of 

^j,^ ,,--, ,-, .i,,o m a W by P. Washinston, on the Washington Branch E.E. 

Pace-6, p. 0., Barren county, Ay.. WJ ra. a. > ) p^st Cp.eek, p. o., Washtenaw CO., Micli.: on a branch 

of Stoney cr., so called, 65 m. S. E. Lansing, 



town sevcr..l stores, lumber , .... factories, and mills 
Z\ number of schools and academies. Population of 

'"omfEbay, K T. : sets up from Long Island Sound, and 
is connected with the harbor so called, and Coldspring 
harbor It abounds with wild fowl and excellent scale Bsh. 
OvsTEE creek, r«.: rises in Fort Bend CO., 3 m. K 
Rid mond, flows' S. E. and S.. parallel with Bra.os r and 
rmtttesta o the Gulf of Mexico., 2 m. N. of its mouth. 

OvsTEiTriver, A--. Ifamp.: one of the principal branches 
of mepLataq^a r., rises in Lee, and flows through Dur- 
ham t rpon both sides of the r. a deep agiUaceous loam 
prv- Us, which is favorable to the production of grasse. 
Abundance of oysters are found in its waters, from which 

"olr'c™^;,'^^ Situate S., and contains 1,593 s,. m. 
Draned by b--hes of White r surface hiUy and broken ; 

soil generally fertile and adapted to grazing. Farms .53^ 
manuf. 5: dLll.361, and pop.-wh. 2,279, tr. col. 0, si. 15- 
total 2 "94 (7«p!<a'-Kookbndgc. 

oIaekP v.fand cap. Franklin co., Arl: : on he N. side 
ofSk'ansasr.,100m.N.W. Lit.le Eock. It contains 
the county court-house and S4 inhabitants 

OZAP.K, p. v., Greene CO., Mo. : on b. side of Fmley cr., 
12!3m. S. S. W. Jefferson City. 



Pablo bay, Calif. See San Pablo bay. 



Early county, 



Ga.: 143 m. S. W. 



Frankfort. 
Paceitta, p 

Ta'Sp. o., Franklin county, 2r. Cur.: 32 m. N. E. 

^'pA^fnc Crnr p. v., port, and cap. Pacific co., Oreg. Ter.: 
ontn'baS c;iumbiar.,at its entrance into Pacflc 
ocean, 100 m. N. W. by N. Salera. ,,„.„„ ^ of 

Packard-s, sta., Berkshire county, Jl/."". .3 m. N. of 
Piltsfield, on the Pittsfleld and North Adams E. E 

Pack's Feeet, p. o., Monroe county, \ivg.: 1S2 m. W. 

''p:rvti.,p.v.,Sun,ter dist., S. Car.: 37 m. E. S. E. 

^'~; MILL., p. 0., union dist, S. Car. : 72 m. N. N. W. 

"" pTctTlVs, p. v., Pitt county, K. Car. : on the N. side of 
Tar r about 12 m. above its mouth, 81 m. E. Laleign. 

PA^BLEroHo's, Sta., Ontario co., N. Y.: 9 m. W. of Cau- 
andaigua on the Rochester and Syracuse R R. 

Paddock's Gkove, p. v., Madison co.. III.: about 3 m. 
W. of Cahobia cr., 04 m. S. S. W. Springfield. 

Paddv Mills, p. o., Shenandoah county, nrg. : 104 m. 

''pTnS^p. 0., Buuer co., O.io: 102 m. W. S. W. 

*^°Si:cAn, p. v., and cap. M'Cracken co., K,,.: on the 
Ohio r.. just below the mouth of the Tennessee 214 m 
■W * W Frankforu It is the dep8t for the products of the 
vailey ot'the Tennessee, and in a great measure commands 
the trade of that river, which gives it great importance as a 
shipptn.- port, and has rapidly increased ite population It 
tuZ a court-house, jail, "»f %"''™' fj^^^^^ ^,^,1 
and warehouses, and 2,423 inhabitants. The I . Journal 
(whigV is publUhed weekly. ..,,/.„„ 

^ Page county, la. Situate 8. W., and contains 570 sq. m. 
Dratned by Elkhorn r., and branches. Surface generally 
level Set off since 1S60. , ^ , 

pioE county, nrg. Situate toward the NE., and con- 
tains 185 sq. 1 Drained by the S. fork of Shenandoah r 
Surface hUly and broken; soil general y ^■''"'=- \' ^ 
products wheat and Indian corn. On the E. .s the Line 
642 



Palnt Ckeee. p. o., Kanawha Co., Thy. : on a S. branch 
of Great Kanawha r., 221 m. W. by N. Eichmond. 

Painted Post, I., Steuben co., A". T. : on both sides of 
Chemung r., 105 m. W. by S. Albany. Surface hilly : soil 
gravelly ■"hiam, and highly productive on the streams and 
flats. Drained by Chemung r. and its creeks. The business 
is very extensive, particularly in lumber and coal, and is 
mainly transacted at the large and flourishing v. of Corning 
(see COKNING), where three railroads connect, and the 
navigable feeder of Chemung Canal commences. Popula- 
tion 4,372. ^ ^ „ ,, . 
Painted Post, p. v. and sta., Erwln t., Steuben co., A. 1 . . 
at junction of Conhocton and Tioga rivers, which here form 
the Chemung r., 166 m. W. by S. Albany. The Ene E. E. 
passes through it, 302 m. from New York, and li,i m. from 
Dunkirk, also the BuR-alo, Corning, an.l New lork 1.. U. 
Two falls in the r. afford great water-power. This v. is a 
very old settlement, and derives its name from Us location 
near an Indian burying groun.I, in which a painted post 
WIS erected over the grave of a chief. At this spot in the v. 
the inhabitants have placed a high painted post, surmounted 
bv a metal figure of an Indian chief. The village contains 
several mills and stores, a church, ete. Eop. about.00. 

Painteesville, p. v., Greene CO., Ohw: 53 m. W. 8. W. 
Columbus. 

Paint Lick, p. o., Garr.ird co., Ku- : on a S. branch of 
Kentucky r., so called, 46 m. S. E. Frankf..rL 

Paintsville, p. v., an.i cap. Johnson c., Ki/.: on Big 
Paint cr., an affluent of the W. fork of Big Sandy r., lis m. 
E. by S. Frankfort. It cntains a court-house, jad, several 
stores, and 250 inhabitants. . ^ ., 

Pakwaukee, p. v., Marquette co., TTi-sc. ; on the W. side 
of Buffalo lake, a large expansion of Neenah river, 49 m 
N. by W. Mailisim. 

P vLATiNE, t and p. v., Montgomery co., K. 3 . ; on tho N 
side of Mohawk r., 49 m. W. N. W. Albany. Drained by 
Garoga cr. Surface broken; on the river is the hill calle.l 
Anthony's Nose; soil of great fertility. The Utica and 
Schenectady E. E. passes along the r. The y. on the cr. 
contains several mUls and factories. Pop. of U ifiOi. 



PAL 



PAL 



Palatine, p. v., Marion co., ]'i?-g. : about S m. E. of 
Monongahela r., 191 m. N. W. Itiehnioml. 

Palatine, p. v., Couk county, JIL: 1% m. N. E. by N. 
Springfield. 

Palatine Bridc.e, p. v., Monl-^onaery on., 2>\ Y. : on the 
Mohawk, 47 m. W. N. \V. Albany. A bridtje connects it 
with Canajoharie. on the S. siiJf of ihe r. It is on the Utioa 
and Schenectady R. K., 40 m. E. of Utica, and has a quarry 
of fine building stone. 

Palesville, p. v., Greene county, y. Y. : 2S m. S. S. W. 
Albany. 

Palermo, t. and p. v., "Waldo co., 3fe. : 17 m. E. N. E. 
Augusta. It contains several ponds, the sources of -Sheeps- 
cot r. Surface undulating; soil very productive. A superior 
farming and grazing t. Pop. of 1 1,G59. 

Palermo, t. and p. o., Oswego co., J^. Y. : 106 ni.'W. N-W. 
Albany. Drairieti by Catfish cr. Surface unduliuing; soil 
sandy loam. A farming t., with good water-power. Popu- 
lation 2,05.3. 

Palestine, p. v., Crawford co., TIL : about 3 m. "W. of the 
"Wabash. 122 m. E. S. E. Springfield. It lies on the E. bor- 
der of the Lamotte prairie, and was formerly the co. seat 
It contains a V. S. land office, a dozen stores, and SOO 
inhabitants. The surrounding country produces heavy 
crops of corn, and the v. has a large trade iu grain and livc- 
6t^»ck. 

Palestine, p. v., "Washington par.. La. : 5T m. E. N. E. 
Baton Itouge. 

Palestine, p. v., Kosciusko co., Ind. : on a S. affluent of 
Tippecanoe r, 9G m. N. by E. Indianapolis. 

Palestine, p. o., Adams county. Miss. : 87 miles 8. W. 
Ja<;kson. 

Palestine, p. v., Pickaway county, Ohio: IS m. S. S.'W. 
Columbus. 

Palbstint3, p. v., and cap. Anderson co., T^r. ; 162 m. 
N. E. by E. Austin City. It lies about midway between tlie 
Trinity and the Neches, and contains the ounty buildings, 
several stores, and 500 inhabitants, "The Wonder" is pub- 
lished weekly. 

Palbstine, p. 0., Hickman co., Tenri.: 46 m. "W. S. "W. 
Kashville. 

Palestine, p. T., Greenbrier co,, Vinj. : 1G3 m. W. by N. 
Richmond. 

Palestine, sta., Columbiana eo.. 07do: ou the OIno and 
Pennsylvania It. P., 33 m. E. of Aliance. 

Palisades, A'. J. : ttiis mountainous range extends 20 ra. 
along the W. bank of the Hudson r., commencing near Fort 
Lee, opposite the extreme upper part of New York, and ter- 
minating at Piermont. They are for the most part 300 to 
500 feet high, with perpendicular rocky front ou the bank 
ofthe r., presenting most impressive scenery. 

Pall Mall, p. o., Fentress co,, Tenn.: 97 m. E. by N. 
Nashville. 

Palmer, t. au'l p. o., TTampden co., Jfiiss.: G6 miles 
"W. by S. Boston. Drained by Chicopee, Ware, and Swift 
rivers, which furnish abundant water-power. Surface hilly ; 
soil fertile. A good farming town, containing several manu- 
facturing villages. Cotton and woolen goods, canvas, etc., 
are largely made. The Amherst and Bclchertown K. B., 
and the Western K. E. pass through it. Pop. 3,974. 

Palmer Dep6t, p. v. and sta., Hampden co., Masx.: on 
Chicopee river, and the "Western II. K., S3 miles (by route) 
"W. by S. Boston. The Amherst ami Bclchertown K. U., 
and New London, Willimantic, and Palmer B. B. Iiere con- 
nect with the Western B. B., making it an important centre 
of business and travel. It contains 3 large hotels, and a 
dozen stores, mostly of brick. Opposite Ihe v. on the S. side 
of the river, is one of the 3 State Alras-houaes, with a farm 
of 175 acres attached to it. The "Palmer Journal" (ueut.) 
ifl published weekly. 

Palmer's, p. c, Polk county, Tej}. : 153 miles E. by N. 
Austin City. 
Palmer's Springs, p. o., Mecklenburg, oo., Vh-'j. : on the 



S. side of Roanoke river, near the S. line of the State 76 m. 
8. W. by W. Bichmond. 

Palmer's Stoke, p. o., "Weakley county, Tenn.: 114 m. 
"W. by N. Nashville. 

Palmer's Tavern, p. o., Prince George's co., Md. : ou 
Potomac r., 2S m. W. S. "W. Annapolis. 

Palmetto, p. o., Pontotoc co., Jfiss.: 139 m. N. N. E. 
Jackson. 

Pametto, p. o. and sta., Coweta co., Oa. : on the La 
Grange B. B., 25 miles S. Atlanta, IIS m. "W. N. "W. 
Milledgeville. 

Palmyra, p. v., Lee county, Ga. : on a "W. branch of 
Flint river, about 5 m. from its mouth, 119 ra. S. W. by W. 
Milledgeville. 

Palmyra, p. v., Harrison county, InJ. : 91 miles S. 
Indianapolis. A plauk-road passes through it to New 
Albany. 

Palmi-ra, t. and p. v., Somerset co., JJ/i^ ; 43 m. N. N. E. 
Augusta. Drained by Sebasticook r., which affords water- 
power. Surface rolling; soil very productive of grass and 
grain, to which attention is mostly directed. Population 
of 1. 1,625. 

Palmyra, t, p. v., and sta., Lenawee co., Mi<-h.: 72 m. 
S. S. E. Lansing. Drained by P^aisin river and Bear creek, 
which supply fine water-power. Surface level or undulatr- 
ing ; soil sandy loam and deep bottoms, producing all tho 
grains in abundance. The village is on the r., and contains 
several stores and mills. The Michigan Southern B. B., and 
the Erie and Kalamazoo B. B. cross the t, and the statioii 
is 4 m. E. of Adrian on the laller. Pop. of 1. 1,098. 

Palmyra, p. v., and cap. Marion co., Mo. : 8 ra. W. of 
Marion City, its port on Ihe Mississippi, 69 m. N. N. E. 
Jefferson City. It conlains a court-house, jail, academy, 
hank, U. S. land oflico, several haudsome churches, 25 
stores, 963 inhabitants. The "Missouri "Whig" is pub- 
lished weekly. Ih the vicinity is Masonic College, wliich 
was founded in 1$31, and in 1S50 had 5 instructors and 75 
students. A railroad to connect the v. wiUi the r. has been 
chartered. 

Palmyra, t. and p. v., "Wayne co., K Y: 1S2 ra. "W. by N. 
Albany. Drained by Mud cr. Surface somewhat uneven ; 
soil calcareous loam, an<l very productive of grain. Mor- 
monism had its origin here in 1S29. The Buffalo and Syra- 
cuse (direct) U, B. passes through it, and the Erie Canal, 
on which is the v., 29 m. E. of Rochester. It has a large 
trade in lunibL-r and grain. The chief street, 1 m. long, 
rests at each end on the canal, and is beautil'ully shaded. It 
contains an incorporated academy, a bank, several manu- 
factories of flour, iron castings, mechanics' tools, etc., 40 
stores, and 2,200 inhabitants. The "P. Courier'' (whig), 
and '■ W. Sentinel'' (dem,) are published weekly. Pop. of 
t. 3,J^93. 

Palmyra, p. v., Halifax co., K Car. : ou the right bank 
of Boanoke river, 76 m. E. N. E. Baleigh. Here is a good 
landing, from which large (|uantities of corn, cotton, and 
lumber are shipped. 

Palmyra, sta., Camden co., K. Jer. : 6 m. N. of Camden, 
on the Camden and Aniboy B. B. 

Palmyra, t. and p. o., Port-ago co., Ohio : 124 m. N. E. 
Colurabus. Drained by brandies of ISIahoning r. Surface 
rolling ; soil fertile. Large dairies are kept. Pop. 1,093. 

Palmyra, p. v., Lebanon co., Penn. : 14 m. E. by N. 
Dfarrisburg. 

Palmyra, p. v., Montgomery co., Tenn. : on Cumberland 
river, 44 m. "W. N. "W. Nashville. It contains sever.al stores 
and mills, and 300 inhabitants. 

Palmyra, p. v., and cap. Fluvanna county, Vlrrj. ; on 
Bivanna r., about 12 m. N. of its entrance into James river, 
46 m. "W. N. "W. Bichmond. A bridge here spans the river, 
on which in the vicinity are several flouring-mitis and fac- 
tories. The V. contains the co. buildings, an academy, and 
about 300 inhabitants. 
Palmyra, p. v., Warren co., Miss.: on the Mississippi, 

643 



PAL 



PAR 



49 m. W. by S. Jackson. It is 25 m. by the r. S. of Vicks- 
buri;, and h:is a steamboat lan<!ing and some trade. 

pALMYiJA, t. and p. o., Jefferson co., Wise. : 4^5 m. E. S. E. 
Madison. Drained by E. affluents of Kock r., affording 
good mill-seata. Surface varied ; soil generally very fertile. 
The Milwaukie and Mississippi R. K. crosses the t., and the 
sta. is 42 ra. W. from Milwaukie. Pop. 997. 

Palmyra, p. o., Simpson county, A'^. ; 131 m. S. "W. 
Frankfort. 

Palo. p. o., Linn co., Ta. : on the W. side of Cedar river, 
81 m. N. N. "W. Iowa City. 

Palo, p. o., Fayette co., Aln. : 127 m. N. "W. Montgomery. 

Palo Alto county, la. Situate N. toward the W., and 
contains 576 sq. m. Drained by the Moingonan r., a tribu- 
tary of the Des Moines. Surface undulating and diversified. 
Set otf since 1850. 

Palo Alto, p. v., Jasper co., Ga. : 3S m. N. W. by W. 
Milledgeville. 

Palo Alto, p. c, Highland co., Virg. : 127 ra. W. N. "W. 
Eichmond. 

Palo Alto. p. o., Lawrence co., Tmn. : 62 ra. S. S. "W. 
Nashville. 

Palo Alto, p. v., Louisa co., la. : about 4 m W. of tlie 
Mississippi, 45 m. S. E. by 3. Iowa City. 

Palo Alto, p. o., Ilamilton county, III. : 131 m. S. S. E. 
Springfield. 

Palo Alto, p. o., Onslow county, ^. Car. .- 92 m. S. E. 
Ealeigh. 

Palo Alto, p. o., Chickasaw co., 3fiss. : 118 m. N. E. by N. 
Jackson. 

Palona, p. 0., Greenville district, S. Car. : 105 m. N. W. 
Columbia. 

Palos, p. o., Miami co., Tnd. : 74 m. N. Indianapolis. 

Palos, p. o.,Cook CO., III.: 162 ra. N. E. Springfield. 

Pamelia Fovr Coexers, p. v., Jefferson co., N. T. : 4 m. 
N. of Watertown, 148 m. N. "\Y. Albany. 

Pamlico river, 2^. Car. : is a broad estuary leading from 
Tar river into Pamlico sound, 40 ra. long, 1 to 8 m. broad, 
and deep enough for all vessels which navigate PamUco 
Sound. 

Pajiltco sound, N'. Car. : is separated from the Atlantic 
Ocean by long sandy islands about 1 m. wide, is SO m. long, 
8 to 30 m. wide, receives Tar and Neuse rivers, is entered 
by Ocracoke inlet, and connects on the N. with Albemarle 
sound. The land around it is low, and in some places 
marshy. 

pAMTTTKY river, Virg. : formed by the junction of N. and 
8. Anna rivers, between Hanover and Caroline counties, 
thence flows in a S. E. course, until it unites with Malla- 
pond r., which then form York r. 

Panama, p. o., Chautauque co., y, T. : 305 m. "W. by S. 
Albany. 

PANASLi, p. 0., Defiance county, Oliio: 127 m. N. TV. 
Columbus. 

Pajjcoastbcro, p. v., Fayette co., Ohio: 34 m. S. S. TV. 
Columbus. 

Pandoea, p. o., Johnson county, Tenn. : 26S m. E. by N. 
Nashville. 

Panola <'ounty. Miss. Situate N. TV., and contains 753 
sq. ra. Drained by Tallahatchie r. and branches of Cold 
Water r. Surface generally level ; soil fertile, and making 
fine pasture. Chief productions, cotton and Indian corn. 
Farms 61S; manuf. 0; dwell. 891, and pop.— wh. 5,021, fr. 
col. 8, si. 6,420— total 11,444. Cajntal : Panola, 

Panola county, T&x. Situate E. toward the N.,and con- 
tains 893 sq. m. Drained by Sabine r. and its branches. 
Surface diversified by low hills and fertile valleys; soil fer- 
tile. Pine and other timber abounds. Farms 209 ; manuf. 
0; dwell. 456, and pop.— wh. 2,676, fir. col. 2, si. 1,198— total 
3,871. Capital: Carthage. 

Panola, p. v., and cap. Panola county, Miss. : on Talla- 
hatchie r., 134 ni. N. by E. Jackson. It contains a court- 
house, jail, an academy, several stores, and 500 iuhabitauis. 



The " Pauolean" (dem.), and **P. Picaytine'' are published 
weekly. 

Pakteqo, p. 0., Beaufort co., K. Car. : on a small affluent 
of Pungo r., 106 m. E. Kaleigh. 

Pantuer, p. v., and cap. Polk co., Ark. : 110 m. W. I«y S, 
Little Kock. It is a small settlement, in which the ounty 
business is transacted, containing a hotel and 3 or 4 stores. 

Panther Creek, p. o., Cass co., III. : about 2 m. 3. of 
Sangaraon r., -33 m. W. N. W. Springfield, 

Panther Creek, p, o., Surry co., K. Car. : 127 m.W. N.W 
Ealeigh. 

Pantiier Fork, p. c, Greenville district, S. Car. : 112 m. 
N. W. Columbia. 

Panther's Gap, p. o., Rockbridge co., Virg.: on the E. 
base of Mill mt., 102 m. W. by N. Kichmond. 

Panther Springs, p. o., JelTerson co., Tenn.: 1S5 m. E. 
Nashville. 

Panthersville, p. v., De Kalb co., Ga. : on a head of 
Ocmulgee r., 89 m. N. W. by W. MiUedgeville. 

Panton, t. and p, o., Addison county, Verm.: on Luke 
Champlain, 37 m. W. S. W. Montpelier. Bounded E. by 
Otter cr., and drained by a S. branch. Surface very level; 
soil of average fertility. Pop. 559. 

Pan Yan, p. o., Racine county, Wise. : 68 miles E. S. E. 
Madison. 

pAOLi, p. v., and cap. Orange co., Iiul. : on the N. side of 
Lick cr., S3 m. S. by W. Indianapolis. It contains a court- 
house, jiiil, academy, a dozen stores, several flouring and 
other mills, and 461 inhabitants. A plank-road leads hence 
40 m. to New Albany. 

I'aoli. p. v., Chester co., Penn. : 73 m. E. by S. Harris- 
burg. Two miles S. W. of the v. is a monument on the spot 
wliere, on the 20lh of September, 1777, Gen. Wayne was 
defeatt-d by the British under Gen. Grey. The v. is 21 m. 
from Philadelphia, on thb Columbia and Philadelphia K. K., 
beyond which a branch road to Westchester diverges here. 

Pap acton river. A'. 1' .■ the E. branch of Delaware r., 
rises in E. part rjf Delaware co., and flows S. W. 65 m. to its 
junction with W. branch of the Delaware r. 

Papakunk, p. o., Delaware co., iV'. Y. : on Papacton r., 
52 ra. S. W. Albany; now called Ilalcottaville. 

Paper-Mill Village, p. v., Cheshire co.. y. Uamp.: on 
Cold r., 5 m. E. of the Connecticut, 39 m. W. by S. Concord. 

Pai'krtown, p. o., Cumberland co., Penn. : W. Harris- 
burg. A furnace of 1,400 tons annual capacity, using water- 
power, is located here. 

Paperville, p. v., Sullivan co., Tejin. : on a N. branch 
of Holston r., near the Virg. line, 25S ra. E. by N. Nashville, 

Papinsville, p. v.. Bates co., Mo.: on Osage r., 103 m. 
W. S. W. Jeflfereon City. 

Paraclifta, p. v., and cap. Sevier co.. Ark. : on Cossatot 
cr. of Little r., 121 m. S. W. by W. Little Rock. It contains 
a court-house, hotel, and several stores. 

Paradise, p. o., Coles co., Jll. : 69 m. E. S. E. Springfield. 

Paradise, sla., Wayne co., Ohio: 8 m. E. of Wooster, on 
the Ohio and Pennsylvania K. U. 

Paradise, p. v., Lancaster county, Penn. : 47 ra. E. 8. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Paradise, p. o., Rockingham co., Virg.: 103 m. N. W. 
Richmond. 

Paradise Furnace, p. o., Huntingdon co., Penn.: 62 m. 
W. Harrisburg. The furnace uses water-power, an<^ has 
annual capacilyof 1,000 tons. A forge, capable of producing 
500 tons blooms per annum, is also located here. 

Paradise Valley, p. v., Monroe county, Penn,: 97 m. 
N. E. by E. Harrisburg. 

P archer's Corners, p. o., Fulton county, Ohio: 129 m. 
N. N. W. Columbus. 

Pardeevillk, p. v., Columbia co., Wijsc. : on the Neenab, 
near the E. end of Swan lake, 34 m. N. Madisun. It con- 
t.iins several mills and stores, and a population of 200, 

Pariiam's Landing, p. c, Catahoula par., La.: 101 m. 
N. X. W. Baton Rouge. 



PAR 



PAR 



Parkam's Store, p. o., Sussex Co., Tirg. ; 37 m. S. S. E. 
Kicbinonii. 

Paris P- ^'-^ and cap. Edgar co.,I!K: UlC m. E. hy 3. 
Si)rin]u;(ieli.i. It lies on the E. border of u hir^c prairie, and 
contains a court-house, jail, academy, a dozen stores, and 
6oO inhabitants. The proposed railroad tVora Terrc Haute 
to Sprinirfield passes through it. The "Prairie Ueacon" 
(whig) is publislied weekly. 

Paius, p. v.. Jennings co., Ind.: on the K. side of Gra- 
ham's fork of Mnseataluk r., OS rii. S. H. E. Indianapolis. It 
contains several stores and about 5ii0 iiiliabilants. 

Paris, p. v., and cap. Bourbon co., A'^. ; on Iho S, branch 
of Licking r., 81 m. E. Erankfort It contains a eourt-honse 
and jail, a bank, two academies, several large coniniereial 
bouses, and 1.3S4 inhabitants. Tim Maysviile and Lexing- 
ton E. U. passes through it, and th*.- ])rnp.ised road fruni 
Louisville to Knoxville, Tenn. The "Western Citizen" 
(whig) is published weekly. 

Paius, t., p. v., and cap. OxfonI co.. J/f. ; 37 m. W. by S. 
Augusta. Drained by Little Amlroscuggia r. and liranches. 
supplying much water-power. Surface uneven; in parts 
rough; si'il very productive of grass and grain. A .superior 
fanning town, with several large faclories and mills. The 
Atlantic and St. LawTcnce R. 11. crosses the \V. part along 
the r. The v., on an E. branch of the r., has a brisk trade, 
and contains a court-house, jail, and academy. The "Ox- 
funi Democrat" and "Second Advent lieview" arc issued 
weekly. Pop. of t. 2,S53. 

Paris, t and p. o.. Kent county, J//f'//. ; 5S m. W. by N. 
Lansing. Drained by Gypsum (or Plaster) cr., a S. alHuent 
of Grand r. Surface rolling anil well timbered ; soil vegi> 
tiiblc loam and very fertile. Gypsum is abundant on the cr., 
and salt springs are found. Pop. 521. 

Paris, p. v., and cap. Monroe co., Mn.: on the S. f-jrk of 
Salt r., 62 m. N. by E. Jefferson City. It contains a court- 
bouse, jail, academy, and about 500 inhabitants. 

Paris, t. and p. o., Oneida county, A'. }'. ; SI m. W. by N. 
Albany. Drained by Sahada or Sauquoit cr., which sn|)plies 
fine water-power. Surface high and rolling; soil sandy and 
calcareous loam of excellent quality, and highly cuUivalcd. 
It is well limbered, and has several manufactories of cotton 
and woolen goods, paper, etc. Pop. of t. 4,2S3. 

Paris, p. o., Coweta county, Get.: 92 miles W. by N. 
Wdledgeville. 

Paris, p. v.. Lafayette co, J/ms. ,* 151 m. N. i)y E. Jackson. 

I'aris, t. and p. v.. Stark county, O/tio : IGT m. N. E. by E. 
Columbus. Drained by Sandy cr. and branches, affording 
water-power. Surface rolling or hilly; soil fertile. The v. 
cont;iins several factories and 500 inhabitants. Population 
of t. 2,740. 

Paris, p. o., Washington county, rtnn.: 17S ra. W. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Paris, p. v., and cap. Henry co., Tenn. : on a branch of 
Big Sandy river, a W. tributary of the Tennessee, S6 miles 
W. by N. Nashville. It contains a court-house, jail, acade- 
my, and several stores, and 400 inhabitants. "The Itepub- 
iic" (whig) is published here weekly. 

Paris, p. v., and cap. Lamar co., Tea\ : 267 m. N. N. E. 
Austin City. It contains a court-house, jail, academy, and 
several stores. The "■Western Star," a weekly issue, is 
published. 

Paris, p. v., Fauquier county, Virg.: 103 m. N. N. W. 
Iliidimond. It lies at tiie E. base of tlie Blue Kidge, and 
contains eeveral stores and 250 inhabitants. 

Paris, t and p. o.. Kenosha co., WUc. : 79 m. E. S. E. 
Madis"U. Drained by Des Plaines r.,on which are numer- 
ous mill-sites. Surface mostly even, and soil very product- 
ive of the grains. A fine limestone is quarrie*!. Pop. 947. 

Parisrl'rg. Giles co„ Virg, See Giles C. II. 

Parish. I. and p. o.. Oswego co., N'. Y. : 133 m. W. N. W. 
Albany. Drained by Salmon cr. Surface undulating: soil 
iVrtile loam. A farming I. with superior dairies. Popula- 
tion I,7i)3. 



Parishville, t. and p. v.. St. Lawrence co., N. Y. : 147 m. 
N. N. E. Albany. Drained by Packet and SI. Kcgis rivers. 
Surface rolling; soil adapted tn grass, com, and rye. It is 
heavily limbered and well supplied with mill-seats. The v. 
is on St. Kegis r., and contains several mills and about 500 
inhabitjints. Pop. of t. 2,132. 

Pari.svillb, p. v., Porlaiie co., Ohio: on the W. branch 
of Mahoning r., 12s m. N. E. Columbus. 

Park, t. and p. o., St. -Joseph's co., Mich. : TtJ ni. S. W. 
Lansing. Drained by Portage r. of the St. Joseph's, which 
furnishes good mill-sites. Surface undulating; soil very 
productive. Pop. S23. 

Parke county, Inr?. Situate W., and contains 42s sq. m. 
Drained by Sugar and Big and Little Itaciun creeks, trib- 
utaries of the Wabash, whi<li runs on its weslern l)order, 
and by these good water-power is gained. Surface slightly 
undulating, and partly diversified with low hills ; soil a <leep 
black loam, with sand intermixed, and very fertile. Chief 
productions wheat, Indian corn, and tobacco. There is 
some rich prairie-land and nmcli fine timber. It contains 
coal, and has some excellent beds of iron ore. Farms 1.390 ; 
manuf. 63; dwell. 2,46S, and pop.— wh. 14,741, fr. col. 227— 
total 14-96S. Cajntal: Pockville. I'uh/ic Works: AVabash 
and Erie Canal. 

Parker's, sta., Hillsboro' co„ A\ JLimp. : 1(» m. N. W. of 
Manchester, on the New Hampshire Central ii. li. 

Parkersburg (formerly Scuoolkv's Mou.n'i). p. v., Mor- 
ris CO., N, Jer. : 3S m. N. by W. Trenton. A mineral spring 
here, with the beauty of ils location on the E. side of 
Schooley's Mountain, has made it a popular place of sum- 
mer resort, with ample accommodation for visitors. 

Parkersburg, p. v., Kichland county, 111. : 119 ni. S. E. 
Springfield. 

Paukersbfeg, p. v., Jasper co., la. : 82 m. W. Iowa City. 

PARKKiisnuRO, p. v., Montgomery county, Jnd. : 19 m. 
W. by N. Indianapolis. 

Parkersbur*;, ]>. o., Tell co.. Ark.: on Petite Jeau r., 
70 m. W. by N. LitUe Rock. 

pARKERsncRG, p. v., and cap. Wood co., Virg. : on llie 
Ohio, immediately above the entrance of Little Kan:iwiia r., 
252 ni. W. N. W. llieimiond. It has an extensive ri\ er and 
inland trade, ami valuable manufactures, whii-h must be 
greatly increased by the completion of the Cincinnati, Hills- 
boro', and Parkersburg P. P. and the Norlh Western P. P., 
tlie latter to connect the Bahimore and (Hiio P. p. widi the 
Ohio r. at this place. It contains a court-house and jail, a 
bank, 2 academies, a dozen stores, 2 .steam saw-niills, 2 
steam fiouring-mills. numerous smaller manufacturing es- 
tablishments, and a population of 1.21S souls. The "P. 
Gazette" (whig) and " I*. News" are published weekly. 

Parker's Head, p. o., Lincoln co., Me.: on the Atlantic, 
37 m. S. S. E. Augusta. 

Parker's Store, p. o., Franklin co., Gn. : about 3 m.W. 
of Savannah r., 106 m. N. by E. Milledgeville. 

Paukeesville, p. v., Chester co., Penn. : 02 m. E. S. E. 
Ilarrisburg. 

pARKEi:svrLLE, p. o., St. Tammany par., La.: 63 m. E. 
Baton Rouge. 

Parkesburg, p. V. and sta., Chester co., Penn. : on tho 
Columbia and Philadelphia P. P., 45 m.AV. of Philadelphia, 
61 m. E. S. E. Ilarrisburg. It contains the Slate machine 
shops, several dep6is an-l warehouses, 3 stores, u hotel, and 
between 50 and 60 dwellings. 

Parkeville, p. v., Noxubee county, 3fi-ss.: 112 miles 
N. E. by E. Jackson. 

Park Hall, p. o., SL Mary's county, Md. : 46 miles S. 
Annapolis. 

Park Hea1>, p. o.. Washington county, Md.: S9 miles 
N. W. by W. Annapolis. 

Parklson, p. 0., Beaver co., Pemu: 1S4 m. W. by N. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Parkmax, t. and p. o., Piscataquis county, Mr. : .^9 m. 
N. N. E. Augusta. Drained liy branches of Piwataquis r. 

G45 



PAR 



PAS 



Biirfiice moderately uneven ; soil ferlUe and well wooded. 
A superior dairy lown. Pop. 1,243. 

Pakkman, t. :ind p. o., Geauga co., Ohio: 186 m. N. E. 
C<'lumbu3. Drained by branches of Cuyahoga and Grand 
rivers, which furnish good raiU-scata. Pop. 1.3S3. 

Park's, p. o., ScotL co., Ark. : on La Fave r., 94 m. "W. 
Little Kock. 

Park's, p. o., Edgefield (list., S, Car. : about 4 m. E. of 
Savannah r., 7S m. W. by S. Columbia. 

Pahk's Corsbrs, p. v., Boone co., HI. : ISC m. N. by E. 
Springfield. 

Park's Store, p. c, Cabarras co., N. Car. : 101 m-W. by S. 
Ealeigh, 

Park's Store, p. o., Jackson co., Ala. : 164 m. N. by E. 
Montgomery. 

Parksville, p. v., Sullivan county, K K ; S3 m. S. "W. 
Albany. 

pAEKTON, p. V. and sta., Baltimore co., 3/f7. .■ on the N. 
side of Great Gunpowder Falls, where it is crossed by the 
Baltimore and Susquehanna K. li., 23 m. N. of Baltimore. 

Parkville, p. 0., Platte co., Mo. : on the left bank of the 
Missouri, 139 m. W. N. W. Jefferson City. Pop. 309. 

Paema. t. and p. o., Monroe co., N. Y. : on the S. shore 
of Lake Ontario, 217 ro. W. by N. Albany. Drained by 
Salmon cr., flowing into Braddock's bay. Surface gent-rally 
even ; soil sandy or gravelly loam, and very productive. It 
is chiefly a farming town, but has several manufactories. 
Pop. 2,946. 

Paema, t. and p. c, Cuyahoga county, Ohio: 115 m, 
N. E. by N. Columbus. Drained by branches of Cuyahoga 
r. Surface level, and soil adapted to wheat. Pop. 1,.3'29. 

Parma, sia., Jackson co., Jltvh. : on the Michigan Central 
E. P.., 10 m. W. of Jackson. 

Parma Centre, p. o., Monroe co., iV. Y. : 215 m. W. by N. 
Albany. 

Parnasstts, p. o., "Wilcox CO., Ala.: about 4 m. "W. of 
Alabama r., 76 m. \V. by S. Montgomery. 

Parnassus, p. o., Augusta co., i'i/y. : 106 m. AV. N. "W. 
Eichmond. 

Parowan City, p. v.. Iron county, UtaJt Ter.: near S. 
extremily of Little Salt Lake, 105 m. 8. S. W. Fillmore City. 

Parkish, p. v., Des Moines co., la. : about 3 m. N. of 
Skunk r., 59 m. S. by E. Iowa City. 

Parrotsville, p. v., Cocke co., Tenn. : on a branch of 
French broad r., 209 m. E. by N. Nashville. 

Parbysville, p. v.. Carbon co., Petut. : on the E. side of 
Lehigh r., at the mouth of Big creek, 72 m. N. E. by E. 
Harrisburg. 

Parsippant, p. v., Morris co., 2^, Jer. : on Parsippany r., 
47 m. N. N. E. Trenton. It contains an academy and several 
stores and mills. 

Parsonage, p. o., ■Williamsburg dist., S. Car.: 79 m. 
E. S. E. Columbus. 

Parsoksfield, I. and p. v., York co., Mi'. : 74 m. S. W. 
Augusta. Bounded N. by Ossipee r., and W. by iV. llamp. 
Surface broken and rough ; soil productive. Several ponds 
feed fine mill streams. Iron ore an<l zinc are found. Farm- 
ing and various manufactures are extensively carried on. 
The v. contains an incorporated seminary fur both sexes. 
Pop. of L 2,322. 

Pabtlow's, p. 0., Spottsylvania co., Virg. : 46 m. N. by W. 
Eichmond. 

Partnersuip, p. c, Charles county, Md. : 44 m. S. "W. 
Annapolis. 

Partridge Island, p. o., Delaware CO., N. Y.: 92 m. 
6. "W. by. W. Albany. 

Pascagoula, p. v., Jackson co., Miss.: at the mouth of 
Pascagoula r., 155 m. S. E. by S. Jackson. 

Pascagoula river, M/ss.: formed by the junction of 
Chickasawha and Leaf rivers, and flows S. by K. about 60 m. 
into Pascagoula Sound of Gulf of Mexico. It is navigable 
for vessels drawing 6 feet water. 

P^vscAGOLTLA sound, Mi/iS.: ufl" the mouth of Pase.'igoula 
646 



r., separated from the Gulf of Mexico by several long, nar- 
row islands, 55 ra. long, and S m. in average breadth. 

Pasco, p. o., Dallas co., Mo. : 79 m. S. W. Jefferson City. 

Pascoag, p. v.. Providence co., li. I.: on Pascoag r., a 
S. affluent of Branch r., 19 ra. N. W. by "W. Providence. II 
conlaina a bank, and several factories and mills. 

Pasiiawn. p. o., La Grange co., IjkI. : on the E. side of 
Little Elkhart r., 131 m. N. by E. Indianapolis. 

pASKACJi, p. o., Bergen co., ^V. Jer. : on the AV. side of 
PasUack r., a "W. branch of the llackensack, 65 miles 
N. E. by N. Trenton. 

P-vsquotank county, N^. Car. Situate N. E., and contains 
241 sq. m. Drained by small streams of Pasquotank r. 
Surface level, a portion of it being low and marshy, and 
unfit for cultivation ; soil various, owing to the diversity of 
the surface ; where fit for cultivation, it is fertile and adajtted 
to grain. Chief products, wheat and Indian corn. Farms 
530; manuf. 11; dwell. 1,150, and pop.— wh. 4,611, fr. col. 
1,234, si. 3,105— total 8,950. Capitul : Elizabeth City. 

Pasquotank river, A^ Car. : rises in the Dismal Swamp, 
fiows S. E., and with broad estuary enters Albemarle Sound. 
It is connected with Elizabeth r., Virg., by the Dismal 
Swamp Canal, which see. 

Passadumkeag, t. and p. o., Penobscot co., Me. : on the 
E. side of Penobscot r., S5 ro. N. E. Augusta. Drained by 
Passadumkeag r. Surface varied ; soil fertile. Lumber 
getting engrosses attention. Pop 2'.>4. 

Passadumkeag river. Me. : an E. branch of Penobscot r., 
which it enters at Passadumkeag v., affording in its course 
fine mill sites. 

Passaic county, N. Jer. Situate toward the N. E., and 
contains 19S sq. m. Drained by Passaic river and ita 
branches. Surface broken, and in parts hilly ; soil various, 
but for the most part is fertile, and produces good crops of 
wheat, Indian corn, and potatoes. It has some good limber 
land. Farms GIO; manuf. 247; dwell. 3,369, and pop.— wh. 
21,922, fr. col. 630, si. 23— total 22,575. CapiMl: Paterson. 
Public ^Vorl•s : Union R. K. ; Morris and Essex Canai. 

Passaic river, A' Jer. : rises in Mendham, Morris co., and 
flows with verj' irregular course 70 m. to its entrance into 
Newark bay. At Paterson it has a perpendicular fail of 50 
feet, and a total descent of 70 feet, affording an immense 
water-power. It is navigable for sloops to Acquackanock, 
12 miles. 

P,\ssaio Bridge, sta., Passaic co., K, Jer. : on the Union 
E. E., 12 m. from New York. 

Passamaquoddt bay, Me.: lies partly in Maine, and 
partly in the British province of New Brunswick, 12 m. 
long, and averaging 7 m. wide. It is separated from the 
ocean by Deer and Campobello islands, and many smaller 
islands. It has everywhere a sufficient depth of water for 
the largest vessels, and is never closed by ice. Its waters 
abound with mackerel, herring, cod, and other fish. The 
tide varies from 25 to 33 feet. The statistics of Passama- 
quoddy collection district are given under Eastpoet, which 
is its port of entry. 

Pass Christian, p. v., Harrison co., Miss. : on the E. side 
of the pass into St. Louis bay, opposite Shieldsboro', 141 m. 
S. S. E. Jackson. 

Passumfsic, p. V. and sta., Caledonia co.. Verm. : on 
Passumpsic r.. and the Connectienl and Passumpsic Eivers 
Railroad, 4 m. south of St. Johusbury, 29 m. E. N. E. 
Mont pel ier. 

Passumpsic river. Verm. : rises from a pond in Westmore 
t., flows by S. course 34 m., and enters Connecticut r. It 
has several falls, particularly in Lyndon, where it de- 
scends 65 feet in 30 rods, producing great water-power. The 
Connecticut and Passumpsic E. K. runs along the river, 
and is now completed to St. Johnsbury. 

Passvunk, t. and v., Philadelphia county. Penn. : 93 m. 
S. by W. Harrisburg. Bounded S. by Schuylkill and Dela- 
ware, and drained by Hollander's cr. Surface level; soil 
alluvium and loam. League island, on the Delaware, bo- 



PAT 



longs to it, and is covered with gardens and meadows. The 
banlc of the Schu>ll;i!l is high and steep. Pop. I.IJOT. 

Patapsco river, M<i. : rises in Baltimore co., and enters 
Chesapeake bay, by a broad estuary. It is navigable to 
Fell's Point, in Baltimore, U m., for vessels drawing IS feet 
water. Ill its eourse it affords extensive water-power, 
whieh has been improved by the eslalilishment of numer- 
ous mills on its banks, some of whieh are large and profllr 
able concerns. 

Pataskala, sta.. Licking (.o.,Ohio: on the Central Ohio 
E. I;.. '26 m. W. of Newark. 
Patcuis, p. o., Erie co., }i\ T. : 257 m. W. Albany. 
PATcnoorE, p. v., Suffolk co., K Y. : on the S. side of 
Long Island, near Great South bay, 1.33 m. S. S. E. Albany. 
A stream passes through it, supplying ample waler-power. 
It contains several factories and mills, and about .'jOO inli.ab- 
itanls. In summer it is much frequented by sportsmen for 
the excellent fishing and fowling the neighborhood affords. 
There are many fine prospects from this locality. 

PiTEKSox, sta., Putnam cc, jV. X. : 03 m. N. of New York, 
on the Harlem P.. P.. 

Paterson, p. city, and cap. Passaic eo., A' Jei: : o» the 
Passaic, immediately below the falls of that river, i m. from 
tide water and 20 m. above its confluence with Newark bay. 
In lat. 4(1° 55' N., and long. T4° 19' W., 57 m. N. E. by N. 
Trenton, .and IT m. N. N. W. New York city. It is situate 
midway m\ the lines of the Union (formerly the Paterson 
and Hudson) E. P.., whieh, extending to .lersey City, gives 
it easy access to New York, and to Suffern's, where the road 
connects with the great New York and Erie E. E., from the 
Hudson, at Piermont, to Dunkirk, on Lake Erie, by whieh 
it has also connection with the whole interior of Western 
New York and Lake Ontario. The Morris Canal, extend- 
ing from .lersey City to Easlon, rc-nn., 102 m.. also accom- 
modates ils large and valuable commerce, and is the chan- 
nel through which, as a manufacturing city, it receives its 
fuel. 

The fall has a perpendicular descent of 50 feet The ad- 
vantages derivable from the great fall in the river have 
been improved with much judgment. A dam 4} feet high, 
strongly framed and bolted to the rock in the bed of the 
river above the falls, turns the stream through a canal ex- 
cavated in the trap rook of the bank, into a basin, whence 
through strong guard gates it supplies in succession three 
canals on separate planes, each below the other, giving to the 
mills on each a head and fall of about 22 feet. The falls and 
the iniiirovcmenls afford a constant and abundant supply of 
water for the vast number of manufacturing establishments 
in operation in the city, which is now one of the most im- 
portant manufacturing places in the United States, and in 
New Jersey second only to Newark. The falls of the Pas- 
saic is a beautiful sheet of water, and in ils passage, through 
the lapse of ages, the waters have worn a deep chasm into 
the solid rock, which is obviously retreating, as the abraded 
banks below testify. No spectacle can be more imposing 
than is presented by the falling water, as it glides gently 
over the brow of the precipice, and in flood the scene is 
magnificent. 

Patenion contains the county court-house, the jail, and 
other public ofHces. It! or 17 churches of various deiiomirui- 
tions, some of whieh arc elegant and substantial structures, 
many large hotels, numerous school-houses, and its build- 
ings devoted to manufacturing purposes arc generally con- 
structed of stone. On the whole, it is more than usually 
substantial in its buildings. The streets are generally laid 
out with regularity, although in some pans they conform 
more to the peculiar topography of the ground than to 
mathematical design. The city is lighted with gas. ami its 
streets are well paved and the sidewalks flagged. The 
manufactures of the city arc on an extensive scale, consist- 
ing of cotton goods, of whieh there about 20 factories; wool- 
en goods, dyeing and printing establishments, fulling-mills, 
gun and pistol factories, machine shops, car and carriage 



PAT 

factories, which turn out large numbers of railroad and 
other carriages, founderies of brass and iron, paper-mills 
and a variety of mills and factories of less note. Two banks 
are established here, also a savings' bank, and several in- 
surance agencies. P'or mental culture there is ample pvt- 
vision : a philosophical society for young men, w hieh has a 
respectable library, and a mechanics' society, for the ad- 
vancement of science and the mechanic arts, with a library, 
philosophical ap]iaratus, etc., have been establi.>.lied for 
many years. There are also night-schools, at which the 
mechanics whose daily occupations debar them the ordinary 
advantages of educaticm, are instructed in the usual branch- 
es. The public press of the city eousisis of the " P. (juard- 
ian" (dcm.) and the "P. Intelligencer" (whig), each of 
which circulates fr<mi Sou to 1,000 copies weekly. 

Paterson was foumled by an association, incorporated in 
1791, for the purpose of fostering manufactures, and is said 
to have been projected by Alevamler Hamilton, at that time 
U. S. Secretary of Slate. The year preceding this date saw 
machine cotton spinning first established in New England 
—the factory of Samuel Slater having been established at 
Pawtttcket, Jt. /, in 1790. The plans of this comiiany, 
which had a capital of .{1,000,000, failed of success, and 
the enterprise, for which the times were not sufficiently ad- 
vanced, was abandoned. In after years, however, the pro- 
ject was revived, and the design of the original a.ssoeiation 
carried out by others. The city of Paterson is the great 
monument of the success that crowned and rewarded their 
persistent labors. 

The population in ISIO was 292 : in 1520, 1.57S, and in 
1S30, 7,731. In 1S40 it was only 7,5'jr., but in ISoO it had in- 
creased to ll,3oS — the increase in the decade having been 
at the rate of 49.26 i>er centum. 

In the vicinity of Paterson, and on the opposite side of 
the Passaic, is New Manchester, which, though uiider a se- 
parate organization, is to all intents and j.urposes a part of 
the city, having the same interests and being connected with 
it by two bridges. It contains numerous factories and mills, 
and is a highly flourishing place. The populalion of the 
town of Manchester in 1S50 wius 2,7S1. Goffle, Oldham, 
and Tolowa, are villages in the same town. 

Patoka, p. V. and sta., Gibson co., Jnd. .- on the N. side 
of Patoka cr., 117 m. S. W, by S. Indianapolis. It is on the 
Evansville and Illinois E. E., 30 m. N. of EvansviUe, and 
contains several stores and mills. 

Patoka river, Iiul. : rises in S. part of Orange co.. flows 
W.. and empties into the Wabash just below the mouth of 
White r. It is about 100 m. long, 150 feet wide, and uavi- 
gable in high water over CO miles. 

Paton, p. o.. Cape Girardeau eo., Mo. : on Whitewater 
cr., 142 m. S. E. by E. Jefferson Cily. 

Pateick county, Virg. Situate S., and contains .506 sq. m. 
Drained by branches of Smith's, S. Mayo, and Little Dan 
rivers. Surface hilly and broken; soil moderately fertile. 
Chief products, Indian corn and t^^bacco. On the N. W. 
runs the Blue Kidgo. Farms 74S ; manuf. 27 ; dwell. 1.24S, 
and pop.— wh. 7,197, fr. col. 83, sl. 2,324-total 9,009. Cajii- 
tnl: Patrick C. H. 

P.iTP.ici; C. H., p. v., and cap. P.atriek count}-, Tir/j. : on 
South Mayo r., a branch of the Dan, 163 m. W. S. W. I'.ieh- 
mond. It contains a court-house and jail, a flonring-mill, 
several tobacco factories, and about 600 inhabitants. The v. 
is also called Taylorsville. 

Pateicktown, t. and p. o., Lincoln county, JM .-15 m. E. 
Au"USla. The W. is occupied by a large pond, the source 
of Sheepscol r. Surface varied ; soil very pro.luctive, and 
well wooded. Pop. 5.52. 

Pateiot, p. v., Switzerland co.. In,!. .• on the Ohio, 92 m. 
8 E Indianapolis. It is 49 ra. below Cincinnati, has a con- 
venient landing, and coMlains about 600 inhabitants. 

Patriot p. v., Gallia counly, Ohhi : on the E. side of 
Symmes cr.. S6 m. S. S. E. Columbus It contains several 
stores and about 400 inhabitants. 



PAT 



PAW 



Patten, t. and p. o., Penobscot co., Me. : 185 m. N. N. E. 
Au<;usta. Pop. 470. 

Patten's Home, p. c, Rutherford cc, K. Car, : 191 m. 
W. by S. Kaleigh. 

Patten's Mills, p. c, Washinjlon county, iV. Y. : 47 m. 
N. by E. Albany. 

Patteksos, t and p. v., Putnam co., 2^. Y. : S3 m. S. by E. 
Albany. Drained by Cruton r. Surface broken ; soil fertile 
in the vailt-ys, and under hi<;h cultivation. Tlie Ilarh m 
1\. 11. crosses it, and P. sta. is SO m. N. of New York. The 
V. is on Croton r., and contains an academy and several 
stores. Pop. of L 1,371. 

Patterson, p. o., "Wayne county. Mo. : 137 m. S. E. 
Jefferson City. 

Patteiison, p. T., Delaware co., Ohio: on the W. side of 
Scioto r., 28 m. N. by W. Columbus. 

Patterson, sla., Wyandot co., Ohio : 34 m. N. of Bella- 
fontaine, on the Mad Kiver and Lake Erie K. II. 

Patterson's Bluff, p. o., Johnson co., Ark. : on the right 
bank of Arkansas r., at the mouth of Mountain cr., Sli m. 
N. ^X. by W. Little Rock. 

Patterson's Dep6t. p. v. and sta., Hampshire co., Tirg. : 
on tlie S. side of Potomac r., S m. E. of Cumberland by the 
Baltimore and Ohio K. K., 152 m. N. "W. by N. liiehmoud. 

Patterson's Mills, p. o., Washington co., Penn. : 163 m. 
W. ITarrisburg. 

Patterson's Stoee, p. o., AUamance co., K. Car, : 49 m. 
W. N. W. Kaleigh. 

Patterson ville, p. t., St. Mary's par.. La. : on Bayou 
Teeh6, 49 m. S. by W. Baton Kouge. Great quantities of 
cotton and sugar are produced in the vicinity, and sent 
down the r. from this point. 

Pattillos, p. o., Jefferson CO., Tkr. .' near Cow bayou of 
the Sabine, 229 m. E. by S. Austin City. 

Pattonsdurg, p. v., Davies co., 3fo. : on Big cr., about 5 
m. N. of Grand r., 143 m. N. W. Jefferson City. 

Pattonsbueg, p. v., Botetourt eo., Virff. : on the N. side 
of James r., 122 m. W. Ilichmond. A bridge connects it 
with the V. of Buchanan on the S. side, and the two contain 
a dozen stores, several mills and tobacco factories, and about 
500 inhabitants. 

Pattonsville, p. v., Scott CO., Virg. : 257 m. W. by S. 
Eichmond. 

Pattonsville, p. v., Hocking co., Ohio: on the Hocking 
Canal, E. side of Hocking r., 43 m. S. E. Columbus. It is 
22 m. by canal N. W. Athens. 

Pattonttlle, p. v., Bedford co., Penn. : S3 m. W. by S. 
Harrisburg. 

Patitxent, p. v., Anne Arundel co., Md.: on the E. side 
of Patuxent r., 19 m. N. W. Annapolis. 

Patcxent river, 3fd. : the longest r. in the Stale, rises in 
the N. part of Montgomery and Howard counties; flnws 
8. E. 40 m., then, bending to the S., flows 50 m. in that di- 
rection, nearly parallel with Chesapeake bay, which it enters 
by a large estuary. It is navigable to Nottingham, 50 m., 
for vessels of 250 tons, and further for smaller vessels. 

Paulding county, Ga. Situate W. toward the N., and 
contains CG3 sq. m. Drained by head branches of Talla- 
poosa r. and branches of Etowah r. Surface varied — in the 
N. being hilly, the remainder level land ; soil fertile. Chief 
productions, cotton, Indian com, and fruit. It has some fine 
timber land. Farms 422 ; manuf. 10 ; dwell. 1,059, and pop.^ 
wh. 5,560, fr. col. 2, si. 1,477— total 7,039. Cupital : Van Wert. 
Paulding county, Ohio. Situate W. toward the N., and 
contains 436 sq. m. Drained by Maumee r. and Auglaize r. 
and its branches Crooked and Blue creeks. Surface level ; 
soil very productive, and is well adapted to grain. Farms 
77; manuf. 4; dwell. 807, and pop.— wh. 1,705, fr. col. 1— 
total 1.706. CiipiUtl: Pauliling C. H. Puhlic ^^'}l•kH: 
Sandusky and Fort Wayne and St, Louis K. U. ; Wabash 
and Erie Canal; Miami Canal, etc. 

Paulding, p. v., and cap. Jasper county, Miss.: 67 m. 
E. by S. Jackson. It contains a court-house, jail, academy, 
643 



several stitrcs, and 400 inh.ibitanls. The " Eastern Clarion" 
(dcm.) is published weekly. 

Paulding, p. v., and cap. Paulding co., 0/»'o ; on Crooked 
cr., a W. branch of the Auglaize. 114 m. N. W. CohimVms. 
It contains the co. buildings and several stores and mills. 

Paulina, p. v., Warren co., JV. Jer.: on the S. side of 
Paulin's Kill, 52 m. N. by W. Trenton. 

Paulinskill, r., A'. Jer. : ri^es iu Sussex co.. nnd flows in 
S. W. course about 40 lu., entering Delaware r. in N. W. 
corner of Warren co., near Columbia. 

Paviuos, p. v., Kendall co., III. : about 1 m. S. of Fox r, 
142 m. N. N. E. Springfield. 

Pavilion, t and p. o., Kalamazoo county, Mich.: 63 m. 
S. W. Lansing. Drained by Portage r. of iJie SI. Josepli'.s, 
into which flow several large ponds. Surface level; soil 
adapted to graso and grain. Pop. 495. 

Pavilion, t. and p. o., Genesee county, 2^. Y. : 223 m. 
W. by N. Albany. Drained by Allen's cr. Surface roll- 
ing; soil clayey loam. A superior t. for wheat growing. 
Pop. ],e49. 

Pavilion Centre, p. v., Genesee county, N. Y. : 221 m. 
W. by N. Albany. 

Pawxatuck, river, R. I. and Conn. : formed in Washing- 
ton CO., by the junction of Wood and Charles rivers, which 
afford extensive water-power; flows in S. W. course to the 
State line, thence S., forming the dividing line between tlie 
States, to its entrance into Nautigansiek bay. 

Pawlet, t., p. v., and sta., liutland co., Vi^rm. : on the 
W. line of the State, 71 m. S. S. W. Montpelier. Drained 
by Pawdet r. Surface broken ; soil very productive of corn 
and grass. Grazing is much attended to, and various 
manufactures carried on. The liutland and Washington 
E. K. crosses the W. part, on which is Uie sta., 15 m. :*. of 
Caslleton. The v. cont;iins an academy. Pop. of L 1,S43. 

Pawlet river, Verm, and A'. Y. : rises in Dorset, Vt., 
flows N. W. into Lake Champlain, and affords good water- 
power. 

Pawlings, t. and p. v.. Duchess county, y. Y. : 77 m. 
S. by E. Albany. Drained by branches of Fislikill and 
Croton rivers. Surface a largi valley with liills on the E. 
and W. sides; soil moderately fertile. It contains several 
jionds and lias good iron ore. The v. is 67 m. from New 
York by the Harlem K. It., and contains a bank and several 
stores. Pop. of t. 1,720. 

Paw Paw, p. v., Miami county, Tiid. : on the E. side of 
Eel r., at the mouth of Paw Paw cr., 76 m. N. by E. Indian- 
apolis. It is on the proposed railroad from Peru (o Goshen. 

Paw Paw, p. v., and cap. Van Buren co., Mich. : on the 
S. branch of Paw Paw r., SI m. S. W, by W. Lansing. It 
contains the co. buildings, several mills, S or 10 .stores, and 
500 inhabitants. The " P. Free Press" (dem.), is pnblislK-d 
weekly. Paw Paw sta. is 4 m. S. E. of the v. on the Mich- 
igan Central R. K. 

Paw Paw, p. v. and sta., Morgan co., Virg. : 146 m. 
N. N. W. Kichmond, It is 15 m. E. of Cumberland on the 
Baltimore and Ohio K. K. 

Paw Paw Grove, p. o., Lee co., Ill : 13S m. N. by E. 
Springfield. 

Pawtucket, t. and sta., Bristol co., Mass. : on Pawtueket 
r., 37 m. S. S. W. Boston, and 4 m. N. by E. Providence, 
on Boston and Providence 11. 11. This small t. embraces 
part of the v. of Pawtucket, and is noted for its factories of 
cotton and woollen goods. Pop. of t, in 1S30, 1,459 ; in 1340, 
2,1S4; iu 1&50, 3,753. 

Pawtucket, p. v. and sta,, Providence county, P. I. : on 
Pawtucket r., 4 m. N. Providence, on Worcester nnd Prov- 
idence R. K. This large and flourishing v. is located on 
both sides of the r., which here furnishes great water-jjower. 
The first manufaebire of cotton goods in this country by 
water-power niaehinery was eommenced here in 1790, by 
Mr. Samuel Slater, an Englishman. The present factories 
arc for the most iiart engnged in making cotton goods. 
There are 7 churches, 3 banks, 13 cotton factories, etc. Tho 



PAW 



PEE 



*'G;izetfe and ChronitV (miacd.) is issued weekly. 
Pop. 7.000. 

Pawtccket, river, R. I.: This impnrtiint river above 
Pawtucket v., in Mass., is called Blaeksl(tne r. (which see), 
and below the tails takes the name of Seelioiik r. At the v. 
it has a descent of 50 feet, affurding great water-water. 
Below the falls it is navigable 4 ui. 1} its entrance into 
Provitience r. below Providence. 

Pawtuxet, p. v., Kent co., /!. J. : on Pawtuxet r., n?ar 
its mouth, 3 m. S. Providt-nce. The harbor is spacious, safe, 
and convenient. The v. is ujnm both sides of the r. an-l 
crossed by a bridge. The great wat/:'r-power here aff".>rdo<l 
is impro\e<i by extensive fact'irit-s of cotton and woollen 
goods, grist-mills, etc. Pop. atmut l.-'iOO. 

Pawtuxet, p. o., Wakulla co., Fior. : '2:} m. S. by V,\ 
Tallaliassec. 

Pawtitxkt, river, -ff. 7.: rises iii"W. part of Proviilenceco., 
flows E. P. K. until it receives its priiieipid branch in War- 
wich t.: thence E. N. E., and enters Provitk-nce bay 3 m. 
below ProviLlcnce. It affurds great water-power, used by 
numernus factories, particnlarly those of cotton goods. 

Paxinxis, t. and p. o., Northumberland co,, /Vh Jt. Here are 
a furnace of 1,100 tons capacity, and a forge producing 
250 tons of blooms per annum, both using water-power. 
Soil fertile. It contains good farms and pastures, and is well 
wooded. Pop. SHO. 

Paxton, t. and p. v., Worcester county, 3f'rfts.: 47 m. 
"W. Boston. Surface very high, dividing the streams of the 
Conneclicut and the Merrimac, and much broken. 

Pat Down, p. o., Osage co., Mo. 

Patnesville, p. v., Pike co., Jfo.: about 6 m. "W. of the 
Mississippi, 79 m. N. E. by E. Jefferson City. 

Payneville, p. v., Sumter co., Ala.: US m. W. by X. 
Montgomery. 

Payson, p. v., Adams county, lU. : about 6 m. E. of the 
Mississippi. S4 ra. W. Springfl'_'ld. 

Peacf, Dale, p. v., Washington co., ^. /. ; 26 m. S. by W. 
Providence. 

pEAOHAM. t. and p. v., Caledonia county. Verm.: 21 m. 
E. by N. ilontpelier. Onion r. rises in a pond in the W., 
an-l small streams atTord water-power. Surface slightly 
uneven; soil fertile. Limestone is found, and in the E. 
great qu-mtities of marl. A superior farming t. The v. 
contains a large academy. Pop. 1.377. 

Peach Bottom, t. and p. v., York co., Pcnn. : on the S. 
line of the Slate, and W. side of Susquehanna r., 44 m. S. E. 
Ilarrisburg. Bounded N. by Mudtiy cr., by branches of 
which it is drained. Surface level ; soil gravelly and 
generally fertile. The Susquehanna or Tide-Water Canal 
passes along the r., on which is the v. containing a factory 
and several stores and mills. 

pEAcn Bottom, p. o.. (J rayson co.. Virg. : on a W. brancli 
of New r., 211 ni. W. S. W. liichmond. 

Peacii Creek, p. o., Panola co., Miss. : 129 ra. N. by E. 
Jackson. 

pEAcn Gbove, p. 0., Fairfax county, Virff. ; 93 m. N. 
Richmond. 

PEAcn Orchard, p. o., Lawrence co., Jy. ; 117 m. E. 
Frankfort. 

Peach Tree, p. o., Cherokee co., y. Car. : on the N. side 
of Hiwassee r.. 304 m. W. by S. Kalcigh, 

Peach Tree Grove, p. c, Nash county, y. Cnr. : 37 m. 
E. by N. Kaloigh. 

Peake's, st;i., Hanover co., Virff. : 15 m. N. of Richmond, 
on the Virginia Central K. R. 

Peaksville, p. v., Bedford co., Tlrfj.: 95 m. W. by S. 
Eichmond. 

Pealer's, p. o., Columbia county. Pen?!. : 65 m. N. N. E. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Peai'ack, p. v.. Somerset co., JV. Jer. : on Peapack river, 
85 m. N. by E. Trenton. 

Pea. Ridoe, p. o., Union district, S. Car. : 65 m. N. W. 
Columbia. 

K4 



Pk\ Rii'UE. ]t. o., Moulgomery county, T'-f/n. : 3-1 m. 
W. N. W. Nashville. 

Pea lliDUE, p. o., Benton co., Arl: : 15s m. N. W. Lillle 
Rock, 

Pea River, p. o., Pike co., Ala. : on the E. bide of tlie r. 
so called. 59 m. S. E. Montgomery. 

Pearl river, MUs.: is formed from sever.al branches near 
the centre of M/'ss.. runs S. W-, until below dackson it 
bends, and thenco flows S. by K. to the (iulf of Mexico. 
From kit. 31*^ N. it fortns the dividing line l)etween A/ii. 
and Lii. The navigation is oI).«inicted by sand-bars, >hal- 
lows, He, hut admits small vessels to Jackson. For stiilis- 
tics of Pearl river collection district, see SiiiEi.nsnono', its 
port of entry. 

Pearlingtox, p. 0., Ilancock co., Mis'i. : on Pearl river, 
about 10 m. above its nunith, 141 m. S. by E. dackson. 

Pearl Valley, p. o., Neshoba co., J//.y,s'. .■ ahoiu 3 m. N. 
of Pearl r, 69 m. N. E. by E. Jackson. 

Pea Vine, p. o.. Walker county, <r\r.: 1-^1 m. N. W. 
Millcdgeville. 

Pecan Grove, p. o., Carroll par.. La. : 145 m. N. Eaton 
Rouge. 

Pecan Poixt, p. o., Misnissipjii co., Arl: : on the Missis- 
sippi, 141 m. E. N. E. Little Roek. 

Peck's Run, p. o., Barbour co., Vir'j. : 109m.X. W. by W. 
Richmond. 

Pecksville, p. v., Duchess co., 2^. Y. : 79 m. S. Albany. 

Peconic bays, y. Y. : lie at the E. end of T-ong Island, 
dividing it inl() two peninsulas. Great Peconic bay is sepa- 
rated from Gardnier's bay on its E. by Sluller island, and 
is a large body of water. 14 m. long by 4 to t> m. wide. It 
is separated from Soulhold harbor by Little Hog Neck, and 
contains Bobbins' island, E. of its centre. Little Peconic 
bay is its more western portion, extending inland 4 or 5 m., 
and receives from that Peconic r., which is navigable for 
sloops to Rivcrhead. 

Pecos river, Al Mer. : the main N. tributary of the Rio 
Grande; rises in the fible-lands E. of Santu V'i\ and flows 
in a S. S. E. course through the valley between the Guail.a- 
loupe Mountains and Sierra Blanea 5(J0 m., to its confluence 
with the Rio Grande. 

Pedee, p. v.. Cedar co., /(/. ; 1" m. E. Iowa City. 

Pedee rivers, Great and Little, *S'. Cur.: Great Pedee r. 
rises in the N. W. part of X. Car., and is called Vadkin r. 
until it enters S. Car., through which it flows, in a S. S. E. 
course, into Winyaw bay, an inlet from the Atlantic. It is 
navigable '2110 ni. for boats of GO or 7u tons. Little Pedee r. 
rises in S. E. part of A'. Car., an<l flows in a southerly conrse 
to its confiucuce with the Great Pedee r., 32 m. above its 
mouth. 

Peti-ar's Uill, p. o., Chatham co., ^V. Car. : .30 m. W, 
Raleigh. 

Pedlar's Mill, p. o., Amherst CO., Virg. : on a N. branch 
of James r.. 94 m. W. Richmond. 

Pedricktown, p. v., Salem co., Al Jer. : on Oldman's cr., 
2 m. E. of the Delaware, 46 m. S. W. Trenton. 

Peedee, p. o., Anson co., y. Car. : &? m. S. W. Raleigh. 

Peekskill, p. V. and sta., Westchester co.. y. Y.: on the 
E. side of Hudson r, 4^3 m. N. of New York, and 101 m. S. 
of Albany by the Hudson River R. R. It is jikasantly 
situated, contains 8 churches, an incorporated acaileniy, G 
large iron foundries, casting chiefly stoves antl agricultural 
iin|)lement8, several tanneries, etc., and one bank, caj)ital 
^200.000. A large business is done by barges, .vloops, etc., 
in conveying to ihcNew York markets live-stock and vege- 
table produce here collected from the fertile agricultural 
district surrounding it. A steam ferry-boat plies across llio 
Hudson to Caldwell's Landing. The "P. R<-publican" 
(whig) is issued weekly. This place is invested with interest 
from its connection with the Revolution. Pop. about S.DUO. 

Peeled Oak, p. o.. Bath co., A'!/.: 61 m. K. Frankfort. 

Peel Tree, p. o., Harrison co.j Virg.: 201 m. N.W. by W. 
Richmond. 

649 



PEE 



PEN 



Pkebv-sStoke,?. 0., TazeweU CO., Urg- : 241 m. W. by S. 

^'l4™.., p. v., Dane county, Wlec: 13 m. E.N. E. 

"I'PKATos.cA river, m,c. and 7H. .• rises in Iowa co.,Wisc^, 
andToJ V"„J E.'inlo Kock r., in 111., 6 m. below .uN. 
hounda y Near ito moulh it receive, from the N. Sugar er., 
a """Stable branch. It is navigable for flat boats to M,n- 

"p^^'i,!^ Ta^eweU CO., lU. : on U>e lea bank of the 
111 nol^ Mm. N. Springfield. It is 1S2 m. from the mou.h 
of" ;. and largely engaged in ^'PP'-'f '"-^ "f'^^t 
pru,lucls of an extensive and fertile d.str.ct for the K ^„d h 
market.. Though commerce is the leading interest, its man 
"f ctures are ra;idly ittcreasing, and must soon be of g«^. 
importance. It contains an academy, several »'eam flonrmg 
aui saw mills, about 40 stores and warehouses, and 2^00 
inhabit:mts. Twoweeklynewspapers,the''TazewellM,rror 

(whig) and "Illinois Keveille" (dem.), are pubhshed here. 

Pek N p V. and sta., Niagara co., N. Y. : on the Eoehes- 
ter Lo^porl, and Niaga- FaUs K. E., 10 m. W. of Lock- 
port, 259 m. W. by N. Albany. v,,„tfnrl 

pLiis, p. o.. Jessamine co., Ky. ; 26 m. S. E. F ^W"/'- 
Pekih p. v., Carroll co., Ohio: on Sandy cr. and the San- 
duskv and Beaver Canal, 107 m. E. N. E. Columbus 
PKKiN, p. o., Jackson co., Tenn. : 57 m. E. Nashvdle 
PEK1N-, p. V. and sla., Washington CO., /«< . .-on L.ck cr 
of Great Blue r., 81 m. S. Indianapolis. It is 24^m. N. of 
New Albany, on the New Albany and Salein L.I.. 

PviHAM 1 and p. 0., Westchester Co., JV". 3.- on l^ng 
Isfand "und, m m. S. Albany. Drained by Eastchester 
or flowing into Eastchester bay. Surface mostly level 
sol'l sandy, but well tilled. The New York and New Haven 
E. E. crosses the N. part. Pop. o.7. -„ „ w nf 

Peiuam t. and p. v., Hampshire co., J/iM.- ..3 m. W. of 
Boston Drained'hy swift and Fort r.ers, which furn.sh 
n>ill-sites. Surface high and uneven ; soil of average qual- 
Uv Asbestos is found, and springs conlainmg tron and sul- 
phur. Building stone is abundant. P°P- "/ ^ ';"^;. „„ „ 
Pelha,., t and p. o., IliHsboro' county, A. m«P 38 m 
S S E Concord. Drained by Beaver r., an affluent of the 
Metrmar Surlace broken; soil ferlde on the streams 
"g and graz-mg are the chief occupations. Population 

"'pEutlt, p. 0., Grundy co., T^nn. : 76 m. S. E Nashville. 
PE^r; v., Marion eo., la. : on a fine upland, equj-d.s- 
tant from the Des Moines and Skunk nvers, ,2 "-^^ -bJ ». 
Iowa City. A colony of Hollanders, mider President 
Schaulter, has settled here. 

PELTOSV1L1.E, p. v., Steuben CO., N.\.: about 2 m. w. 
ofCrookedlake, I Sim. W.Albany. ,,,,.„.„ 

PEMAPtTMCOoE lake, m : lying in the E. part of Piseata- 
ouis CO., is a large body of water, of irregular shape, sur- 
Znded by some of the best timber-land in the State, and 
affords excellent transportation for the ramber, etc 

PEMAQtiD, p. o., Lincoln co., Me. ; near the Atlantic coast, 

'V"m— ,1"a"mrp. v., Burlington co., ,r. Jer. : 17 m. 
« ^E Trenton. Drained by branches of Eancocus er 
;:h A furnish water-power. Surface moslly-^^level ; soil 
Tandy loam of good quality. The v. is on the N. branch of 
hel and eonlains a furnace, cotton factory severa mills 
and st;res, and about SOO inhabitant^^ Pop. of t. 2 806^ 
PEMnEHTOS, p. v., Goochland CO., \^rg.: 27 m. W. N.W. 

"^tZt county, Minn. Ter. Situate N., and eonUams 
41 000 sn m This large county lies between lat. 47° and 
490 and expends from the Missouri and White Earth river, 
on'the W to the Mississippi, which in part forms Us E. 

SLdary. The ^^^^^-;^j::j^':z::^zX:^^ 

S™:lw::::e;~"— -fquaremn.. 
Westward of this is tho height of land dividmg the water, 
650 



of the MissLssippi flowing 9. from those of the K'-hI r. of he 
N., the latter of which passes through the county rom the 
S .and falls into Lake Winnipeg above the national bound- 
ary The extreme W. is drained by numerous affluents of 
the Missouri. Little is known of this far northern region 
except of the immediate banks of the Eed fiver, where, at 
Pembina, are located the followers of Lord Selkirk. 1 he 
county is well wooded, and the soils, '^'h'''-'^ ,f •"™™' "^^ 
been made, are found to be very fertile, but the short sum- 
mers and long winters must ever prevent the dense popu a- 
tion of the country, so long as there is room to spare m ... 
milder climates and flue lands of the more gemal boulh. 
Farms 17; manuf. 0; dwell. 18S, and pop.-wh. 1,1..4, 
fr.col.O-tolall,m. Ca/;<(«(; Pembina. 

PE.MBmA, p. v., and cap. Pembina co., Mmn.Ter. on 
K bank of Eed r. of the N., at the N. boundary lino o the 
State 8.34 m N. N. W. St. Paul. This setllement conlams 
UDWilrd of 1,000 population, principally persons of mixed 
llidian and white blood, who subsist chiefly by agr.cullmre 
and hunting. There is a Catholic ehm-ch in which to ac- 
commodate the varied population; sermons are preached 
in English, French, and Chippeway. ,„„„qw 

PE.MBROKE, t. and p. 0., Chrisuan co., Ky- : 166 m. S. W. 
by W. Frankfort. „ 

Pembboke, t. and p. v., Washington co Jfe/ on the N 
side Cobscook bay, 136 miles E. by N. Augusta. Surface 
varied ; soil fertile and well tilled. The coasling-trade and 
fisheries are leading interests. Pop. of L L''-- 

Pembboke, t and p. v., Plymouth coun >■, Jft.s. . 24 m. 
S S. E. Boston. Drained by branches of North r., wh h 
.irord good power. The r. is deep, and navigable mto ll e 
r and ship budding is carried on extensively along its 
c^ur^e. In the S. are several ponds. Cotton goods, iron 
castings, cabinet-ware, etc., are manufactured. The v. con- 
tains an academy. Pop. of t. 1,3S8. 

Pembboke, t. and p. v., Merrimac co.. If. Bump, i m 
S. E. Concord. Bounded W. by the Merrimac, and b by 
the Suneook, which supply water-power. Surface pleas- 
antly diversified; soils various, mostly fertile and on the 
rivers very rich. The Portsmouth and Concord E. E. pai«es 
a ion ' «^ Merrimac. The v. extends about 8 m. parallel 
toih^t r.,and contains a large and flourishing academy. 
Pop. of 1. 1,732. „ 

FCMBBOKE, t. and p. v., Genesee county, A. ^-Jf^- 
W by N Albany. Drained by Tonawanda cr. which lil^ 
se;eral falls. Surface even or undulating ; so, clayey loam, 

"'pi^toKE, p. o.,GUes county, T.r,.: 163 m. W. by S. 

"^ PEMicEtASBKrr river. ^ ITan,p. : .he principal eonstila- 

en^ream ofMcrrimae r., rises in the White Moiintains, 

°'„ Fra-onia, and flows in general S. course to its jnn- 

,i™ in Franklin t. with WinnipUeogee r., there forming the 

"pltcox rountv. Mo. Situate S. E., and contains about 
800 to m Drained by White Water r. and its branches m 
?he N W porlion. Surlace low and level ; a large portion 
w.m,m ind unfit for cnltivation; soil is ferlde where 
'c'u, ,v' S';,;" alpted to grain. It produces abundantly 
;t:. :o;n, fruifs, L., -d has some goiidtimer^d. ^t 
contains some minerals and good cal-be.ls. In the S. w 
W Lake Pemiscot, occupying a large portion of the co. The 
l^^^^ bounds it on the E. A new county since 18o0. 
Ca»i««(; Little Prairie. 
PE^ATA«i-.T r^o.,^i.firo,k^o ^^ r^ on .he W. line 

1 , ne en- soil clavev, in parts marshy, and mo,lcrately 
;;duTr The Pwiaddphra, Wilmington, and Baltimore 



PEN 



PEN 



R. K., the New CasOe and FronchtowTi R. R., and the 
Chesapeake and Delaware Canal pass through it. 

Pendaevis' Stoke, p. c, Wayne co., Ga.: 1-15 m. S. E. 
by S. Mille<lgeville. 

Pendleton county, Kif. Situate N., and contains 2S6 
sq. m. Drained by Lickin^; r. and its branches, Grassy, 
Kincaid's, and Fort Lick creeka. Surface generally level, 
hul in the N. E. rather hilly, and presenting high bluffs to 
the r. shore; soil fertile and productive, and there is some 
good grazing land. Staples, In<lian com and tobacco. 
Farms 6U6: manuf. 7; dwell. I,(i57, and pop. — wh. 6,230, 
fr. col. 35, si. 509— total 6.774. Capital: Falmouth. Public 
Works: Covington and Lexington K. R.; Covington and 
Maysville R. R. 

Pendleton county, Virg. Situate N. centrally, and con- 
tains 612 sq. m. Drained by S. branch of Potomac r., which 
traverses its central portion. Surface mountainous and 
rough, the co. being an elevated table-land lying between 
two ridges of the Alleghany Mountains; soil barren in gen- 
eral. Chief production, Indian corn. Farms 693; manuf. 
56; dwell. S91, and pop.— wh. 5,-U3, fr. col. 30, si. 322-rtoliil 
5,775. Capital: Franklin. 

Pendleton, p. v. and sta., Madison co., Iiid. : on Fall cr., 
25 m. N. E. by E. Indianapolis. It is 2S m. from Indianap- 
olis by the Indianapolis and lieliefontaine R. R., and has 
good water-power on the cr. It contains several stores and 
milla, and 6U0 or SOO inhabitants. There are quarries of 
limestone and marble near it. 

Pendleton, t and p. v., Niagara county, N". T. : 252 m. 
W. by N. Albany. Drained by affluents of Tonawandi cr., 
its S. boundary. Surface undulalins:; soil fertile calcareous 
loam. It coulains a noted sulpliur spring. The Cunan- 
daigua and Niagara Falls R. R. crosses the S. part. The 
Erie Canal also passes through it, on which is the v., 7 m. 
8. W. of Lockport, 21 m. N. E. of Buffalo. Pop. oft. 2,166. 

Pendleton, p. o., Putnam county, Ohio: Qb m. N. W. 
Columbus. 

Pendleton, p. v,, Anderson dist., S. Car.: on Eighteen 
Mile cr., an atlluent of Savannah r., 121 m. W. N. W. 
Columbia, It contains 2 academies, a dozen stores, and 
about 700 inhabitants. The " P. Messenger," a weekly is- 
sue, is published. The proposed route of the Rabun Gap 
E. R. passes through it. 

Pendleton river, Ga. : rises in Lawrence county and 
flows S. E. into Tatnall county, there joining the Great 
Ohoopee r. 

Pendleton Centre, p. v., Niagara co., J^. Y.: 254 m. 
■^V. by N. Albany. 

Pendleton Hill, p. o., New London co., Conn.: 26 m. 
8. E. HarUbrd. 

Penheld, p. v., Greene co., Ga. : 41 m. N. Milleda^eville. 
It has a pleasant location, is well laid out and neatly built, 
and the seat of a college and theologicil seminary under 
the direction of the Baptists. Mercer University was found- 
ed in 1S3S, and in 1S50 had 7 instructors, 32 alumni (of 
■whom 10 were ministers), 71 students, and a librarj' of 3.4n0 
volumes. Mercer Theological Seminary, founded In 1S44, 



had in 1S50, 2 professors, 6 students, 3 graduates, and 2,200 
volumes in its lil>rary. Pop. about SOU. 

Penkibld, p. v., Kane co., JIL: on the right bank of 
Fox r., at the entrance of Big Rock cr., 142 m. N. N. E. 
Springileld. 

Pemtrld, t. and p. v., Monroe county, K. Y.: 1S7 m. 
W. by N. Albany. Drained by Irondequoit cr., emptying 
into Irondi'<iuoit bay, ils W. boundary. Surface undulating* 
soil loam, mixed with sand, gravel, or clay. Limestone is 
plenty, and wheat the chief product. The v. is on the 
creek, and contains an academy, several factories, and 
flouring and other mills, and a population of s(H). I'opula- 
tion of t. 3,185. 

Penfield, t. and p. o., Lorain co., Ohio: 94 m. N. N. E. 
O-'lumbus. Drained by E. branch of Black r. Pop. 6T2. 

Peninbul-Y, p. v., Summit co., Ohio: on Cuyahoga r. and 
the Oliio Canal, 24 m. S. Cleveland, 113 m. N. E. Columbus. 

Penn DiSTUiOT, t., Philadelphia co., I\'un. ^^e Puil.\- 

DELl'lHA. 

Penney's, p. o., Randolph co., Mo.: 05 m. N. by "W. 
Jefferson City. 

pENNFiELD, p. o., Davidsou CO., K Car. : 93 m-W. Raleigh. 

pENNFiELD, t. and p. o., Calhoun co., Mivh. : 41 m. S. "W. 
Lansing. Drained by Battle cr., a N. branch of the Kala- 
mazoo, on which are numerous water privileges. Surface 
rolling; soil very productive of grain. Poi). 59S. 

Pennington, p. v., Mercer co., y. Jt-r. : 8 m. N. by "W 
Trenton. It contains an academy and S or 10 stores. 

Penningtonville. p. V. and sta., Chester co., Penn.: on 
the Columbia and Philadelphia R. R., 4S m. "W. of Phila- 
delpliia, 52 m. E. S. E. llarrislnirg. Near the v. is a fur- 
nace of l,2(iO tons annual capacity, and a forge producing 
350 tons of blooms per annum. It contains several stores 
about 40 dwellings. 

Penn Line, p. o., Crawford co., Penn. : near the "W. lino 
of llie Slate, 2uS ni. N. \V. by W. llarrislnirg. 

Penn Run, p. o., Indiana co., Penn.: US m. W. N. W. 
Ilarrisburg. 

PENNSRoRouGn, p. V., Ritchie county, Ytrg.: 232 miles 
N. "W. by N. Richmond. 

PrTNNSBonocon, p. o., Ir«'in co., Ga.: 112 m. S. by W. 
Milled geville. 

PENNsnuno, p. o., Montgomery county, Ptun. : 7S m. E. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Penn's CnEEK. p. o.. Union co., Penn. : on a "W. aflUient 
of the Susquehanna so called, 4:3 m. N. by W. Ilarrisburg. 

Penn's Grove, p. o., Salem co., N. Jer. : on Delaware r., 
49 m. S. "W. Trenton. 

Penn's Grove, p. o., Delaware CO., Ptvin. ; 74m.E.S. E. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Penn's Square, p. o., Montgomery co., Penn. 

Prnn'8 Store, p. o., Patrick co., Yirg. : on North Mayo r., 
152 m. W. S. W. Richmond. 

Pennstille, p. v., Morgan co., Ohio: about 3 m. W. of 
Muskingum r., 04 m. E. S. E. Colundnis. 

Pennsville, p. v., Fayette co., Penn.: 137 m. W. by S. 
Ilarrisburg, 



TPIE STATE OF PENNSYLVANIA. 

Pennsylvania, from lior central position, her natural resources, and her grand system of transit lines, one of tlie most 
important States of the Union, lies in the form of a parallelogram, between 39° «' (Mason and Dixon's line) and il^ 
latitudes N., and extends from 74° 40' to 80° 36' longitudes W. from Greenwich, or 2° 32' E. and 3= 3D' W. from Wash- 
ington. It is bounded on the north by Lake Erie and the State of New Tork : on the east by New Jersey, from which 
the Delaware Itiver separates it ; on the south by Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia : and on the west I>y \ irginia and 
Oliio. With a length from east to west of 315 miles, and a breadth, exclusive of the strip of land jutting toward Lake 
Erie, of 160 miles, its area covers a surface of 46,000 square miles. 

Pennsylvania, with the exception of Virginia, is the only State which stretehes quite across the great Appalachian sys- 
tem of mount,ains, and is thus naturally divided into three strikingly distinct regions— the eastern or Atlantic slope, the 
tentral or mountain region, and the western, or Ohio and Erie tabledand. 

The principal mountain chains definitely traceable in this Stale are as fiMows ; 

1 The South Mountam cuter* it from New Jersey, between Northaui|)io]i and r.u.ks counties, and arter being inlcr- 



PENNSYLVANIA. 



rupted by the Schuylkill above Pottstown, and by the Susquehanna near the southern border of the Stale, it passes into 
Mar>'lnn(I. 

2. The RIuc Ridge enters Pennsylvania below Easton, where it is pierced by the Delaware ; pursuing a aoiith-westeriy 
direction, it is interrupted by the Schuylkill at Rt-ading. by the Susquehanna below Harrisburg, and pjisses out of the 
State between Adams and Franklin counlies. The clevatiou of the former ridge nowhere exceeds 1,000 feet, and that of 
the latter is somewhat more elevated. 

3. The Blue Mountain, or Kiltatinny. also enters this State from New Jersey, and is broken by the Delawar.' at Water 
Gap, furlh*^T w^est by a pass called the Wind Gap, by the Lehigh, by the Schuylkill above Harrisburg, and by Ihc i^usque- 
hanna five miles above Harrisburg. It then passes between Franklin and Bedford counties into Maryland. Its eleva- 
tion in Pennsylvania varies from SOO to 1,500 feet above the sea level. Between the Ivittutinny Mountain and the north 
branch of the Susquehanna River, a distance of about 35 miles, is the great anthracite coal region. 

4. The Broad Mountain, which lies iu the intervening space between the Kiltatinny Mountain and Susquehanna, forms 
a less conlinuous but more elevated chain than the last mentioned. It is continued south-west of the Susquehjinna by the 
Tnsearora Mountains, whieh are pierced by the Juniata between Mifflin and Perry counties, and passes into Murylaud a 
little west of the Kittiilinny chain. 

5. Sideling Uill forms a well-defined ridge from the Maryland line to the Juniata, on the south-west corner of 
Mittliu County. 

6. The next well-defined chain is the Alleghany Mountain, which forms the dividing ridge between the Atlantic haaln 
and the Valley of the Ohio. It is thercft>re (he height of land between those two basins, although its summits t\o not rise 
to so great an elevation above its base as do those of Broad Mountain above the base of that cliain. The Alleghany rises 
in Bradford County, is pierced by the north liraneh of the Susquehanna below Towanda, traverses Lyeoming County, 
where it crosses the west branch of the Susquehanna, and pursuing a southerly course, separates Huntingdon and Bed- 
ford from Cambria and Somerset counlies. 

Westward of the Alleghany chain, and on the Ohio table-land, two well-defined chains cross the Stale from north to 
south, in a direction nearly parallel to that of the first-mentioned, under the names of (7) the Laurel liidge, about iwenty- 
five miles west of the Alleghanies; and (S) Chesuut Ridge, ten miles farther west. Neither of these chains is very ele- 
vated. 

Though in some places rude and rocky, many of these mountain ranges consist of gradually rising swells, cnliivaied to 
the summits, and the whole mounUiin region is interspersed with highly beautiful and produetive valleys, some of which 
are of considerable extent and under an excellent system of culUvatiou. The eastern and western parts of the State arc 
generally level, or agreeably diversified with hills and vales. 

Every part of Pennsylvania is well watered, and abounds in rivers, streams, rivulets, and brooks ; but some of the rivcra 
are so mueh obstructed that they serve rather as canal feeders than as navigable channels. 

The Delaware, that rises in the Kaalskill Mountains in New York, and bathes the eastern border, may yet be consid- 
ered as belonging to Pennsylvania, from which it receives its principal tributaries. Pursuing a southerly course, and 
piercing the Kiltatinny and Blue Ridge, the Delaware meets the tide 1.30 miles from the sea at Trenton, to which place it 
is aceessiiile for sloojis ; at and above that point the navigation is impeded by a fall and shoals. Large sliips ascend lo 
Philadelphia, about 40 miles below Avhich it expands into a broad bay. Its whole course is about 320 miles in length. 
The numerous canals connected with various points of the coal region, and uniting its waters with those of tlie Hiilsou, 
the Karitan, and Chesapeake, have greatly increased its importance as a channel of trade. Its principal tributarns in 
Pennsylvania are the Laekawaxen, the Lehigh, and the Schuylkill, whieh rise in the anthracite region. The Schuylkill 
has a course of about 130 miles, aud is navigable for vessels of above 300 tons lo Philadelilhia, six miles bek>w which it 
falls into the Delaware. 

The Susquehanna is the principal river of Pennsylvania in point of size, but it is so much broken in its course by 
rapids and bars as to afford little advantage to navigation without artificial aid. It rises in Otsego Lake, in the State of 
Is'ew York, and flowing in a circuitous but general southerly direction, nearly parallel wiih the Delawjire, it reaches the 
Chesapeake 4'10 miles from its source. Its principal tributaries are all from Ihe right— they are the ITnadilla and Che- 
nango, in New York ; and the Tioga or Chemung, tlie West Branch, and the Jimiata, in Pennsylvania. The m<ist con- 
siderable from the west are the Lackawannock, Swatara, and Conestoga. The channels of the Susquehanna are so 
winding and broken that even the descending navigation is extremely difficult and dangerous, and practicable only at 
certain seasons in particular stages of the waters, and its tributaries partake of ihe same character. The Juniata rises- 
in the Alleghany ridge, but the West Branch rises in numerous streams from the Laurel Hill, and i)lerces the Alleghany 
above Dunstown. 

The great rivers of Western Pennsylvania are tributaries, or, rather, constilucnts of the Ohio. The Alleghany, rising- 
in the north-western slope of the same range, with some of the remote sources of the West Bnmch, flows first north into 
New York, and then south to its Junction with the Monongahela. It is navigable to Glean, in New York, 24') miles from 
its mouth, and to Waterford, on French Creek, its principal tributary, 14 miles from Lake Erie. The Kiskimenitas. or 
Conemaugh, the principal tributary to the east, rises in the western <ieclivity of the Alleghany Mountains, near the heati 
■waters of the Juniata, and pierces the Laurel and Chestnut ridges. The other constituent branch of the Ohio is llie Mo- 
nongahela, which descendsfrom Ihe Alleghany range in Virginia, and before its junction with the .Vlleghany receives the 
Youahiogeny, a large stream from Maryland. Both of these rivers afford boat navigation for a considerable distance. 
The Big Beaver is Ihc only large tributary of the Ohio within this Stale, and is navigable for wmte tlistanee above the 
falls near its mouth. After the junction of the Allegliany and Monongahela, the Ohio has a short jiart of its course on the 
!)orders of Pennsylvania. 

Pennsylvania, skirting on Lake Erie, has a coast of about SO miles in length. Seaward, the State has no coast, but it» 
noble river, the Delaware, is easily accessible, and furnishes harbors of the greatest importance. Westward of the mount- 
ains, its rivers open a highway toward Ihe Great West, and ultimately to the Gulf of Mexico. And both systems of rivers 
and outlets are so connected by vast internal improvements as tit create continuous lines of coinraunicalion, wliich not 
only permit of a free passage through the State, but bring to a focus all ila most distant parts. 

The numerous geological formations which are observable throughout Pennsylvania, are generally composed of suc- 
cessive strata or layers of rock, based one upon another, from the lowest primary in the series up lo Ihe highest roeks con- 
taining the anthracite and bituminous coal. The rocks which contain these slratifiealions are the highest in the reguUir 
ascending order found iu the State. If rocks of a more recent formation than the coal arc found anywhere in the Stat^ 
C52 



PENNSYLVANIA. 



their area is of a very limited character, and they must, in all probability, have been deposited since the formation of that 
vast system of lower secondary strata which occupies so large a portion of the territory. In travt-Ung Ihrouyh tliie ;^t:ile, 
the alt«;nlion of the most caaual observer can not fail to be attracted by the course or range of the various groups and beds 
of rocks, which run in nearly a north-east awl south-west direction, in many places forming a curvature of considerable 
magnitude, and at the same time corresponding wiili the mountain ridg^-s which traverse the State. The position of 
these strata is not in all places the same, their inclination or dip verging in everj" degree of slope, from horizontal to 
perpendicular. 

Tlie rocks of the secondary series, being sedimentary, present a beautiful stratified appearance, and, as a matter of 
course, are composed of a succession of water deposits, indicating to us that they must have originally lain in a horiz<JUtal 
po^ilion. The diflferent rock belonging to the primary stratified class chiefly consist of gneiss, mica, slate, tale-slate, and 
tlu-ir suboniinate varieties. These occupy the south-eastern portion of Pennsylvania, including a part r»f (Jhesier. Lan- 
caster, York, Montgomery, Bucks, and Delaware, and the whole of Philadelphia County. Thi^-re are, however, unstraii- 
fied rocks of a cryalalline structure, comprising granite, sienite, etc., discovered in small local and irregular veins, gt-ne- 
rally in the southernmost portion of the primary range. This range of rocks extends from Trenton, on the Delaware, 
downward to the very southern boundary of the Slate. It also runs westwardly to the south-eastern part ol Adams 
county. The crystalline limestone of Chester and Montgomery counties, which sometimes forms good marble, is found 
above this triangular bell as we proceed north; and in some places north of this Uraesloue, gneiss, with talc and mica- 
slate, have been discovered. 

Continuing northward, we come to the red sandstone formation, which stretches across the State from the Delaware 
above Trenton to the Marjdand line. This formation extends through Bucks. Dauphin, Chester, Montgomery, Berks, 
Lancaster, York, and Adams counties. Some geologists have classed this group with the middle secondary period. Be ihis, 
however, as it may, one thing is certain — it presents a remarkable uniformity with respect to its material and appearance 
throughout iLs whole range. It is composed of dark, reddish brown, argillaceouti sandstone, soft, crumbling, red and brawn 
8ha!es. with now antl then bands of conglomerate. The dip of the strata is almost invariably to the northwanl. descciniing 
at an angle of from 12 to 25 degrees. The conglomerates which this group contains are principally discovered in the under 
strata, near the southern formation of the margin, or along ils northern border in the highest. In both eases, where the 
red sandstone overlies the older limestone in the vicinity, it is frequently that a large portion, if not the whole, of the im- 
bedded pebbles, consists of rounded fragments of variously colored limestone. The paste which cements them together 
is so highly calcareous that the whole mass cau be easily burned and converted in^5 tolerably goiwi lime. Porlioni of this 
conglomerate, were they to undergo a polishing process, would make a beautiful variegated marble of the breccia species. 
Tlie marble from which the represenlalive chamber of the Capitol, at 'Washingt<in, is made, and which was quarried on 
the Potomac, is of this character, and belongs to this formation. It is observable at several points in the ni)rlhern bordei 
of the red sandstone, in the upper part of Bucks and the southern parts of Berks, but more especially near the Schuylkill, 
two or three miles below Reading. It is also found in several other places, bat in less quantity. Numerous hd!s and 
dykes of trap rock, or greenstone, which sonu-times form hills of considerable height, traverse the red sandstone forma- 
tion in the same direction as the other ranges of the State. Generally this rock assumes a dark-gray color, with some shade 
of green crysliilline in ils structure, being chiefly composed of hornblende an<i feldspar, quite closely mixed. Although this 
rock is exceedingly tough and very difficult to break, yet it is frequently used as a material for buildings ; but in consequence 
of its being scattered over the surface in irregular masses of all sizes, it is seldom quarried for liiat purpose. It is very 
evident that this rock is of an igneous origin ; and having been brouglit to the surface in a state of fusion, by an upheaval 
through the dislocated beds of red sandstone, in a highly heated state, it has transformed the texture and color of the shale 
and sandstone in the neighborhood, turning them into a baked, hard, blue rock, entirely different from their origiunl 
character. In a number of the ridges which cross the upper parts of Bucks and Montgomery counties, this rock only is 
visible, the trap having never reached the surface; but the heat, however, from beneath has been so intense as to change 
the color and texture of the sh.ales and sandstone above. The soil where this rock is generally found is of a cold. cla\ ey 
character, and but little esteemed fur agricultural purposes, while the unaltered soil of the shale and sandstone is exceed- 
ingly productive, 

An(rth-T licit of primary rocks, which forms a chain of hills stretching south-west across Northampton, Leliigh, Bucks, 
Lancasti-r. York. Cumberland, Adams, and Franklin counties to the Maryland line, is found on the DL-laware. Iielow 
Easton. north of the micMle secondary sandstone. This irregular range is generally called the South Mountain, ami 
thou;:h frequ- iilly interruple'l, is nearly conlinuous across the State. Continuing south-west along this ridge, the primary 
rocks disappear as we approach the Schuylkill, and although tliey are seen occasionally west of tliat even, they aru inva- 
riably covered throughout the remainder of the range by overlying rocks of the secondary series. 

The mineral wealth of Pennsylvania consists chieSy in its vast deposits of coal and iron. The coal is of two distinct 
varieties, viz., anthracite, ana^phaltic or non-bituminous, and bituminous. 

Tlie atUhracite of Pennsylvania is found in the "Wyoming and Lackawanna vnlleys, situated between the Blue r»idge 
and the Susquehanna. The coal district is chiefly occupied by mountains which run parallel to the Blue Kidge, and are 
1.500 feet high. But little of this surface, with the exception of a few narrow valleys, invites cultivation. These mount- 
ains are chiefly in a wild state, and offer a secure retreat to cougars, wolves, bears, and other animals. 

The rocks of the above described region are of a transition class, and present little diversity. Gr.ij-wacke slate occurs 
in abundance, loose on the surface and in ledges. It is sometimes based on old red sandstone, and surmounted by un- 
stratifled rocks, an aggregate of quartz, pebbles of various dimensions, with a cement usually silicious. In the liiuo 
Ridge, in addition, a silicious graywacke, resembling flne-grained granular quartz, is common. It appears in sonic places 
massive, but is often slaty. Its cement is chiefly silicious ; some alumine, h'>wever, is inflicated in its composition. The 
beds and veins of anthracite range from north-east to south-west, <md may often be traced for a considerable distance by 
the eomi)a>s. The veins have the indinaUon of the adjacent strata of graywacke, with which they are often alternate, 
usually between 20° to 45*^. In a few places they are horizontal and vertical. The beds and vtins of anthracite have 
narrow strata of dark colored, fine grained, argillaceous ."^chist for the roof an<l floor. This slate gcuorally contains sul- 
phuret of iron, and disintegrates on exposure to the atmosphere. The sutjihales of iron and alumine are olleu observed in 
the schist, and it frequently presents imjiressions of plants, and sometimes of maritime shells. Impure pulvendent coal 
id usually connected with this slate, and is said to be a good material for printers ink. 

Anthracite has been found in the greatest quantity in sections of coal regions most accessible by water. Extensive beds 
and veins range from the Lehigh to the Sustpiehanna, crossing the head waters of the Schuylkill and Swatara about 10 

C5S 



PENNSYLVANIA. 



miles north-west of the Blue Kidge, and it abounds oontigQOUs to the Susquehanna and Lackawanna. But in no part of 
the district does anthracite occur in such apparently inexhaustible beds, or is so abundantly raised, as in the vicinity of 
Mauch Chunk, a village situated on the Lehigh, '65 miles from Easton, and lOS milea by water from Philadelphia. Tho 
coal is there excavated on the flat summit of a mountain that rises nearly 1,500 feet above the ocean. It is of good 
quality, and presents beds of unparalleled extent, is disclosed for several miles on tho summit, and is indicated in many 
places by a coai slate in a pulverulent state on the surface. The mountain rises with a steep acclivity, particularly on the 
north-west side, and when penetrated at various altitudes,- discloses coal at about the same distance from the surface. 
Strata of graywacke elate, containing mica, sometimes rest on the coal, parallel with the mountain side. In the deep ex- 
cavations made on the summit no termination of the coal bed has been found, and it is not improbable that the anthracite 
forms the nucleus of the mountain for a considerable distance. 

This coal mountain range is described as extending in a south-west direction to the Susquehanna. To the north-east, 
beyond the Lehigh, it is connected with the Broad Mountain, the first considerable elevation west of the Blue Ki<lge. 
The X^high, from Maueh Chunk to the Water Gap, 11 miles, winds between rocky mountains, with a brisk current, but 
presents no falls. In its passage through the Kittatinny the river has a tranquil but slightly inclined course. On tho 
adjacent elevation yellow pine, hemlock, and spruce arc interspersed with deciduous trees. From the Water Gap to the 
Delaware the river pursues its course in a deep ravine, seldom with alluvial Iwirders of much extent. In this district of 
country tlie soil generally rests on limestone sinks, indicating caves, and fissures in the rocks are often observed that must 
in some places render canaling difficult. From the confluence of the Lehigh with the Delaware to tidewater the descent 
is 150 feet. 

Next to Mauch Chunk, Mount Carbon, or Pottsville, as It is now called, situated at the head of the Schuylkill Canal, 
has worked the principal anthracite coal fields. Many large veins are worked within three miles of tlie landing, and some 
have been opened seven miles to the north-east, in the direction of the Lehigh beds. On almost every eminence adja- 
cent to Pottsnlle indications of coal are disclosed. The veins generally run in a north-east direction, with an inclination 
of about 45'^, and are from 3 to 9 feet in thickness ; commencing at or near the surface they penetrate to an unknown depth, 
and can often be traced on hills to a considerable distance by sounding in a north-east or south-west direction. Some 
veins have been wrought to the depth of 200 feet without the necessity of draining, the inclined slate roof shielding them 
from water. The coal and slate are raised by horse-power, in wagons, by a railway that has the inclination of the vein. 

Table showing the quantity of anthracite coal sent to market ajmually, from its commencement in 1S20 : 



Years. 


Total 
Lebigli. 


Schujikill. 


I.jttle 
Scl.uyliilL 


Total 
ScliujILIII. 


Lackawanna. 


Pine Grove, 


Lvkena 
Valley. 


Shamokin. 


Wyoming. 


Total Supply 


1820 


365 


— 


_ 


_ 


— 


_ 


_ 


— 


_ 


365 


1831 


1,073 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


1,073 


1S23 


2,441 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


2,441 


1823 


6,033 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 




— 


— 


5,(f23 


1S24 


9,541 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 




— 


— 


9,511 


1S25 


28,396 


6,500 


— 


6,500 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


84,895 


152G 


31,280 


16,767 


— 


16,767 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


48.017 


1S27 


82.074 


81,:3«0 


— 


81,300 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


63,4M 


1S2S 


30,232 


47,281 


■ _ 


47,284 


_ 


— 


— 


_ 


— 


77,516 


1829 


25,110 


79,973 


— 


79,972 


7,000 


— 


_ 


_ 


— 


112,083 


1830 


41,750 


S9,9S4 


— 


89.984 


42,700 


— 


— 


— 


— 


176,781 


1831 


40,966 


81.854 


— 


81.854 


64.000 


— 


_ 


— 


— 


170,330 


1832 


75,000 


195,271 


14,000 


209,271 


81.500 


— 


— 


— 


— 


868,771 


1833 


123,000 


216,210 


86,761 


252,971 


111,777 


— 


_ 


— 


— 


437,7JS 


1834, 


106,244 


191,540 


85,152 


226,692 


43,700 


— 


_ 





— 


376,6.36 


1S35 


131,200 


802,034 


87,494 


839,518 


98,845 


5.500 


— 


— 


— 


575,103 


1836 


146,532 


898,976 


88,070 


432,045 


104500 


9,978 


5,4.39 


— 


— 


693,484 


1S3T 


225,937 


491,230 


31,932 


523,152 


115,887 


16,726 


6,130 


— 


— 


887,033 


1833 


214.211 


421,569 


12,306 


433,875 


76,321 


16,668 


6,005 


4,104 


— 


746,131 


1839 


232,042 


333,927 


8,249 


442,176 


122,300 


19,327 


5,373 


11,930 


— 


823,479 


1840 


225,591 


433,263 


19,028 


452,291 


148,470 


19,163 


5.302 


16,933 


— 


867,045 


1341 


142,807 


543,280 


41,412 


534,692 


193,270 


15,306 


6,176 


23,154 


— 


964,3.55 


1S42 


271,913 


491,602 


26,831 


511.504 


205,253 


31,437 


181 


10,098 


47,346 


1,107.782 


1813 


207,125 


647,308 


30,005 


677,313 


227,605 


22,879 


_ 


9,S70 


67,740 


1,203,532 


1S44 


376,363 


782,070 


63,309 


840,379 


251,006 


27,719 


— 


13,087 


114,906 


1,623,459 


184S 


430,993 


1,008,901 


76,122 


1,085,023 


266,072 


81,208 


— 


10,136 


178,401 


2,002,877 


1S4S 


622,513 


1,150,828 


86,155 


1,230,983 


814,400 


55,346 


— 


13.M6 


183,008 


2,833,494 


1S4T 


643,663 


1,407,499 


105,315 


1,572,841 


888,201) 


61.233 


— 


14,904 


289,893 


2,970,597 


1843 


630,193 


1,490,209 


162,625 


1,653,8.31 


434,267 


50.938 


2,000 


19,:J57 


237,271 


8,082,860 


1S49 


800,987 


1,438,156 


174,757 


1,605,636 


454,240 


78.299 


25,000 


19,653 


258,080 


3,241,890 


1850 


733,633 


1,500,047 


211.960 


1,713,007 


543,830 


62,809 


3.5,000 


19,921 


275.109 


3,371,130 


1851 


989,351 


1,868,277 


310,307 


2,178,534 


783,485 


00,000 


63,150 


23,989 


836,018 


4,8S9,476» 


1S53 





— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


1S53 





— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


1854 





— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


1355 
1S55 
1557 


- 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


_ 


— 


— 


■— 


— 


— 


_ 


— 


_ 


_ 


1858 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


1859 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


1860 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 



■ Including :20,000 tona from tUe Diiuiiliin mine. 



654 



PENNSVLVANIA. 



Tbe western ]i:irl rif Poniisylvauia is abundantly supplic'<l with bituminous coal, as the eastern is with anthracite. It ia 
fouiui in Itie rivers CouL-niaugh, Alleghany, and Monongahela, and in numt.Tou3 placeson the west of tlie xVlleghauy 
ridge, which is gL-nerally its eastern boundary. It occurs on this mountain at a considerable elevation, and elsewhere in 
nearly a horizontal position, alternating with gray sandstone that isollen micaceous, and bordered by argillaceoua schist. 
Tiie veins are generally narrow, rarely over six feet in width. This mineral is abundant, and of good quality, near Pitts- 
burg, where it is valuable for the extensive manufactures carried on in that place. Beds of bituminous coal are reported 
as occurring in Bedford County, in the North-west part of Luzerne, and in Bradford County. In the last-named county, 
nine miles from the Susquehanna, there is an extensive bed of coal regarded as bituminous. It has been penetrated 3u feet 
without fathoming the depth of the strata. Bituminous coal occurs on the Tioga, and on the Chemung, a branch of that 
river. It exists also on the numerous streams that descend the Western side of liie extensive peninsula situated between 
the north and west branches of the Susquehanna. The coal of Tioga is nothing inferior to the best Liverpool or 
Newcastle coal. 

According to the statistical tables of C. G. Childs, Pennsylvania contains an area of 4G.0tl0 square miles, of which 
upward of 15,0011 square miles, or about one-lliird part of the State, is coal lands, principally lying above or near the 
water level. England, Scilaml, Wales, and Ireland combined, according to the best authority, contain only 11,000 square 
miles of coal in an area of 120,000 square miles of territory. This coal, in many cases, lies from 900 to 1,800 feel below the 
surface of the ground, and is raised by machinery. In relation to the quantity of iron ore, nearly Uie same relative pro- 
portions exist between Great Britain and Tennsylvania. It will thus be seen that in those articles of the first necessity, 
and indispensable to a state of civilization, Pennsylvania possesses three times as much as all Great Britain. If to tho 
anthracite coal trade of the State the bituminous coal mines in its western part be ad. led (believed to exceed 1.300,000 
tons in 1S51), the total quantity would be about 6,300,000 tons, worth at tide water $3 40 per ton, and we havo a total of 
TWENTY MiLuoxs OF DOLLAus 03 the valuc of the coal trade of the Slate for the year 1S51. 

The annexed analysis of the different kinds of coal, analyzed under direction of the Navy Departn\ent, will be of value 
as determining their relative quality : 

De^c.-iption5. vi_.j r«rh^» Bihiminons or Cibir feet Iha steam per 

BituiitinOUS : xweu v-aroon. Volatile in.itler. eTsporatf^il \<^t hour. cubif 11, o! coaJ. 

Pittsburg 54.93 3G.1G 10.5G 334 

Liverpool M.90 39.96 13.4:3 375 

Pictou 60.74 '25.97 lii.45 417 

Cannelton, Ind 5S.44 33.99 15.05 313 

Setni-f'ituminoii-s : 

Blossburg 73.11 14.75 1S,G9 515 

Dauphin 74.24 13.S4 13.35 472 

Arithractte or non-bituminous : 

Peach Orchard §9.02 2.9G 14.04 545 

Lackawanna 87.74 3.91 11.91 477 

Lehigh S9.15 5.23 11.03 433 

Almost every county in the State contains deposits of iron in one or other of its multifarious forms. It exists in the 
greatest measure, and in its most valuable ore, in the bituminous coal region, esppcially in the neighborhood of Pilisburg, 
where it has been wrought to an immense extent for a numl)er of years past. Pennsylvania, indeed, is said to produce 
nearly one half of the whole iron manufactured in the United Stales. The Slate is also rich in many of the other useful 
metals. Extensive copper and lead formations have lately been discovered near the Schuylkill, some of the veins of which 
have already been profitably worked. The copper ore is said to bear a striking rcsemtjlance to that of Cornwall and 
Cuba, The average yield of 20,000 tons h:is been 20 per cent, of fine copper. The argentiferous lead ore, which is also 
abounding, has been analyzed, ami carries about "o per cent, of lead, and will yield of silver about $35 per ton. Tlie 
Perkiomei: mine, which is near the newly discovered veins, has been worked to the depth of 300 feet, and more than a 
quarter of a mile in length. Already (1551) $64,000 have been received for ore. and about 400 tons more have been mined. 
This, with the new veins, gives evidence of a field of mineral wealth which ])romises to add to the fame of Pennsylvania 
as the greatest mineral region in the world. Zinc is also a product of the Slate. Limestone, marbles, granites, etc., with 
a vast variety of other valuable building materials, alum, and otlicr useful earths, etc., are distributed over the Slate 
in an unexampled profusion. Salt is chiefly derived from the springs of the Kiskiminetas, Alleghany, and Beaver 
rivers. There are also in this State many mineral and saline springs, which have become the centres of summer recreatinn. 

Pennsylvania has a climate intermediate between the extremes of the nr>rthem and southern sections of the country. 
The south-eastern part, in which Philadelphia is situated, has a changeable atmosphere, and the annual extremes are 
great. Among the mountains and in the northern counties, it is more settled, but much colder, particularly in the winter 
season. To the west of Ihe Alleghanies the weather is generally milder than to the eastward, owing principally to the 
prevalence of south-east winds. The annual mean temperatures of Pliiladelpliia and Pillsburg are almost similar, althongli 
varied in distribution through the year, from local causes. The temperature of Philadelphia during the year varies from 
9'?° to 6° Fahr., and at ritlsburg the extremes are 94^ and 10°. The winters and summers are decidedly marked, but the 
spring is short, variable, and uncertain. The fall, however, is the pleasante-'*t part of the year, and the weather in that 
season, though sometimes interrupted by excessive heat, is serene and delightful. The Slate, on the whole, is considered 
one of the most salubrious on the continent, and life Is of more than average duration. It is also higiily favorable for 
agricultural pursuits. 

The great extent of limestone Djrmation in Pennsylvania assures to the soil fertilify and productive strength, and though 
extending over so large a surface, it is, in the main, of excellent quality. The anthracite region, however, which is com- 
posed chiefly of a rugged surface, is forbitlding and sterile. Many of the mountains admit of cultivation to their siunmits, 
and the valleys between them are often of a ricli soil, suited to the various kinds of grass and grain. West of the 
mountains the soil is a deep mold, equal in fertility to the best lands of America. To the cast the soil is also excellent, 
and everywhere is the Stale abundantly watered by fine streams and rills of living water. The natural growths vary with 
locality and elevation, but do not differ in their character from those of other portions of the middle Atlantic region. The 
trees most comrnnn in the forests are beech, hemlock, and sugar maple, the oak, hickory, and elm, chestnut, mulberry 
and locusL The wild plum and crab apple grow in abundance, and grape-vines are commou. Every description of 

655 



PENNSYLVANIA. 



fruit ami garden vegetable is cultivated. Wild animal?, as the cougar, wolf, etc., still haunt the uncultivated parts, but 
moat of these bave been extirpated by tlie onward march of civilization. 
Pennsylvania is divided into 63 counties, the general statistics of which, and the capitals of each, in 1S50, were as follows : 



Eastern Pennbtltania— 21 counties. 



Counties. 


Dwell. 


_ „ Farms 
^"P- in eult. 


Manuf. 
E>tib. 


A<iarn3 


4,886.. 


25,981.. 1,902.. 


124.. 


Berks 


12.9IU.. 


17,129.. 4,780.. 


1,286.. 


Bucks 


9,T.57.. 


50,091.. 4,707.. 


036. . 


Carbon 


. '2.544.. 


15,686.. 246.. 


16S.. 


Cliestor. 


.ll„iSO.. 


66,488.. 4,S35.. 


1,086.. 


Cumberland 


C.021.. 


34,8-27.. 1,842.. 


258.. 


Dauphin 


. e,03.S.. 


35,754.. 1,956.. 


263.. 


Delaware . . 


. 4.ns.. 


24,679. .1,876.. 


299.. 


Franklin . . . 


. C,680.. 


39,904.. 2,-247.. 


456.. 


Laneaster. . , 


.17,133.. 


98,944.. 6,6-29.. 


1,146.. 


Lebanon . . . 


. 4,453.. 


26,071.. 1,449.. 


146.. 


Counties. 


Dwell. 


^"I"- in <„lt. 


■We. 

Maniif 
F.stab. 


Alleshany .. 


..22.551. 


.138,290.. 3,7-29. 


.1,290 


Armstrong . . 


.. 6,05-2 


. 29,500.. 1,612. 


. 93 


Beaver 


.. 4,5«. 


. 26,689.. 1,841. 


. 1S6 


Bedford.... 


.. 8,S96 


. 23,052.. 1,875 


. IIT 


Blair 


.. 3,718 


. 21,777.. S26. 


. 130 


Brailford... 


.. 7,891. 


. 42,831.. 5,096. 


. 562 


Butler 


.. 5,2,54. 


. 80,846.. 2,945. 


. 149 




.. 2,S9S. 


. 17,773.. 1,089. 


. 126 


Centre 


.. 8.9315 


. 2-3,355.. 1,043. 


. 171 


Clarion 


.. 4.I)0S. 


. 23,565.. 1,7-26 


. 246 


Clearlield . . . 


.. 2,157 


. 12,586. .2,317. 


122 


Clinton 


.. 1,930. 


. 11,207.. 638. 


. 149 


Columbia. .. 


.. 2.924. 


. 17,710.. 1,179 


. 291 


Crawford . . . 


.. G,592. 


. 37,849.. 4,070. 


. 243 


Elk 


.. (US. 


. 3,531.. 2,54. 


. 60 


Erie 


.. C,S25. 


. 88,742. .3,334 


. 255 


Favette 


.. 6,597. 


. 39.112.. 2,139 


23-^ 


Fulton 


.. 1,333 


. 7.567.. 531 


. 49 


Green 


.. 3,777 


. 22,136.. 1,7»9 


. 95 


Huntingdon 


.. 4,293. 


. 24,786.. 1,445. 


. 193 




.. 4.G44. 


. 27.170.. 2,496. 


. 75 



Capitals. 

Gettysburg 

Keading 

Doylestown 

Mauch Chunk 

Westehester 

Carlisle 

.ILiRRlSBFEG 

Chester 

. Clianibersbiu-g 

.Lancaster 

■Lebanon 



Counties. Dwell. 

Lehigh 6,589. 

Monroe 2,155. 

Montgomery . 10,0-22 . 
Northampton 6,8:36. 

Perry 3,412. 

Philadelphia 61,278. 

Pike 964. 

Schuylkill.... 10,071. 

Wayne 8,719. 

York 9,927. 



Pop. 

, 82,479. 
. 13,270. 
. 58.-291. 
, 40,235. 
20,088. 
408,762 
, 5.881. 
. 60.713. 
. 21,890. 
. 57,450. 



Farms Mannf. 



.2,074. 

. 904. 
.4,456. 
.2,102. 
.1,466. 
.1,,580. 
870. 

1,247. 

1,3.36. 

3,734. 



E.tab. f»l'"»''- 
270. . Alleritown 
76..Stroudsburg 
. 697..Norristowa 
, 424..Easlon 

233..N. Bloomflcid 
4,589.. Philadelphia 
. 40..Milf.>rd 
. 954..0rwigsburg 
Bethany 
York 



. 200, 
. 633 



■Western Pekkstlva>-ia — 42 counties. 



Capitals. 

.Pittsbtirg 

.Kittaning 

. Beaver 

.Bedford 

. IloUidaysb'g 

.Towanda 

. Butler 

. Ebensburg 

. Beliefonte 

. Clarion 

.Clearlield 

.Lockhaven 

. Bloomsbnrg 

.Meadville 

.Ridgeway 

.Erie 

.Uniontown 

.ITarrisonville 

. Waynesboro' 

.Huntingdon 

. Indiana 



Counties. 

Jefferson 

Juniata 

Lawrence 

Luzerne 

Lycoming 

Mercer 

Mifflin 

Montour 

M-Kean 

Northumberrd 

P.ilter 

Somerset 

Sullivan 

Susquehanna.. 

Tioga 

Union 

"Venango 

Warren 

Washington. . . 
Westmoreland. 
Wyoming 



Dwelt. 

2,258.. 
2,108.. 
3,087.. 
9,687., 
4,5S6.. 
, 5,402.. 
2.591 . . 
2,289., 

9.'i3. 
4,062. 
1,135., 
8,969.. 

060. , 
5,208.. 
4.222. . 
4,455.. 
8,065. 
2,489. 
8,045. 
S,.350. 
1,834. 



Pop. 

13,518. 
13,0-29. 
21,079. 
56,072. 
26.257. 
33,172. 
14,980. 
18,239. 

5,254. 
23,272. 

6,045. 
24,410. 

8,694. 
28,688. 
23,987. 
26,083. 
18,310. 
13,071. 
44,939. 
61,726. 
10,655. 



Farms 
incnlt. 


Mannf 

Kstal,. 


Capitals. 


.1.670. 


232. 


.Brookville 


. S32. 


68. 


.Mifflintown 


.1,606. 


49. 


.New Caslle 


.1,936. 


175. 


.Wilkesbarre 


.1,561. 


2,32. 


.WiUiamsport 


.2,989. 


150. 


.Mereer 


. 787. 


102. 


• Lewistown 


. 738. 


89. 


.Danville 


. 240. 


40. 


.Smilhport 


.1,743. 


153. 


.Sunbury 


. eos. 


55. 


.Coudersport 


.1,018. 


88. 


.Somerset 


. 425. 


26. 


. Laporle 


.3,909. 


822. 


.Montrose 


.2,1,83. 


2-25. 


Wellsborough 


.1,597. 


160. 


.New Berlin 


.1.730. 


72. 


.Franklin 


.1,207. 


216 


. Warren 


.3,572. 


247 


.Washington 


.4,018. 


. 6S0 


.Greensburg 


. 895. 


. 59. 


Tunkhannock 



The whole number of dwellings in the State was, at the above date, 380.216, of families 408,497, and of inliabilants 
2,311.786, viz., whites 1,130,050— males 539.294, and females 500.762 ; fr. col. 40,007— males 18,3.52, and females 21.665. Of 
the whole population there were iluiif iind (liimii—v/h. 9S6, fr. col. 18— tolal 1,004; Uincl—yih. 793. fr. eol. 31— total 829; 
inmne—wh. 1,842, fr. col. 49— total 1.891 : and idiotie—vih. 1,836, fr. col. 62— total 1,443. The number of free persons 
born in Uie United Stales was 2,014,619 ; the number of foreign birth, 294,871 ; and of birth unknown, 2,296. The jiutive 
population originated as follows: Maine 1,167, N. Hamp. 1,175, Venn. 4,632, Mass. 9,330, E. L 1,946, Conn. 9,260, N. 
York 58,835, N. Jer. 29,117, Pennsylvuma 1,844,672, Del. 12,552, Ind. 21,013, Dist. of Col. 767, Virg. 10,410, N. Car. 409, 
B. Car. 559, Ga. 170, Flor. 21. Ala. .87, Miss. 101. La. 187, Tex. 17, Ark. 10, Tenn. 158, Ky. 497, Ohio 7,729, Mich. 224, Ind. 
899, III. 82:3. Mo. 220, la. 70, Wise. 45. Cidif. 3, Territories 2 ; and the foreign population was composed of persons fr.im- 
England 33,043, Ireland 151,723, Scotland 7,292, Wales 8,920, Germ.any 78,592, France 4,0'3, Spain 101, Portugal ;34, 
Belgium 126. Holland -257, Turkey 2, Italy 172, Austria 49, Switzerlanil 914, Eussia 139, Denmark 97, Norway 27, Sweden 133, 
Prussia 413, Greece 7, Cliina 1, Asia 42, Africa 40, British America 2,500, Mexico 42, Central America 4, S. America 88, 
West Indies 066, Sandwich Islands 3, and other countries 361. 

The following table will show the decennial progress of the population since the first census of the State taken by the 
United States authorities : 

Colcred Persons. Decennial Increase. 

Census "Lite i ^ » Total t *— * 

Yfais. l'er^,,ns. Free. Slave. Tulal. Population. Numerical. Percent. 

1790 424,099 0,8.37 3,737 ]0,.574 4.-31.37S - — — 

1800 686,093 14,601 1,700 16,267 6»-2,3l!5 167.992 38.7 

1810 786,804 22,493 795 2.3.287 810.091 207.720 84.4 

lS-20 1.019,045 80,202 211 30,418 1,049,458 2-89.867 29.0 

18:30 1,309,900 37.930 403 38,833 1,343,2:58 298,775 2S.4 

1840 1,676,115 47,8.54 64 47,918 1,724,033 376,800 27.8 

1850 2,253,463 53,228 — 53,223 2,811,786 .587,758 84.1 

The statistics of the prodnotions, manufactures, general industry, and institutions of Uio State, according to the censu» 
of 1350 and other offleia! returns referring to the same period, are as follows : 

Ocaiipied /.» n '/s, etc.— Improved farm lands. 8,6-23,019 acres, and attached lands unimproved, 0,294,728 acres— together 
vidued at 1:407,876,099. Total number offarms in cultivation on the 1st June 18.50, 127,677— in Eastern Pemisylvania 50,173, 
and in Western Pennsylvania, 77..899. Value of Hirming implemenls and machinery, $14.722,.541. 

Zlve-Slaci; ete.— Horses, 350,398 ; asses and mules, 2,259 ; milch cows, 632,234 ; working oxen, 61,527 ; other cattle, 
656 



PENNSYLVANIA. 



B6'2,1il5; shoop. l.P2'2,sr)7, ami swine, l,04l),aC8. Aisresale value of live-slnck, $41. .100,053. Comii.nrod with Ihe slock 
owned in the Stale according to the ceiiaus of 1S40, the Ibllowing results are obtained : 

stock. imn. 1S'.0. Movemfnl. 

Horses I ,r,,,..n ,,„„,, ( 850.39Sheadi ,,,-,, , 

, I ., , f JWjl.Jlicaa ■, t ,/(,„. 12 472 head, or 3.4 per cent. 

As.ses and Mules I ( 2.2;^H j i > i 

MileliCows 1 I ,532.224 " ) 

Worliing 0.\en V1,ir2,CCo " < i;t,."i27 " !• deer. 10,719 " or 1.4 " 

Oilier Cattle ) I r)i52,l!l.i " ) 



Olher Cattle 

Sheep 1.707.C20 " 1,S22.35T " i;l<v. 54.737 " or 3.1 " 

Swine l.SUS.OM " 1,040,360 " (/cir. 403,!i93 " or 30.8 " 

/>co(/«c(.'in/'.4«;Mi/fc.— Wool, 4,481,570 pounds; liutler, .39,878,418 pounds; and cheese, 2,505,0.34 pounds. Value of 
animals slauirlitered diirin;! Ihe year, $-i,2I9..848. The qnanlily of wool npnru-d in the enisus of IMli was 3,018.564 
pounds, and hetiee Ihe increase of producli')n lias been 31.9 per eenl. ; and llie clip per slieep lias advanced from 1.72 in 
1S40 to 2.40 pounds in 1S50, or at Itie rale of 4^3 per cenlunt in Ihe decade. 

Griiin Crops. — The erojis, according to the returns of 1^40 and l^.'JO comparaliveiy, are as follows: 

Crop.), IS4fl. 

■Wheat 12,21.3,1177 bushels . 

live 0.01.3,873 " 

Indiancorn 14,240,022 " 

Oats 20,041,819 " 

Barley 219.893 " 

Enekwlieat 2,113,742 •' 



isso 




Mov.'nit* 






15,307.091 bushels . . . . 


iner. 


2.154,014 bush 


■Is 


or 10.3 


4.8.5.100 " 


.... iJecr. 


1.80S713 " 




or 27,3 


19,8::.5.214 " 


.... hicr. 


5.59.5,1 92 " 




or 39.3 


21,.5:N.1.50 " 


.... iiicr. 


1,193,395 " 




or 5.8 


1C5.'84 " 


.... ilecr. 


44,309 " 




or 21.1 


2,193,692 " 


.... incr. 


79,950 " 




or 3.7 



dec/ 


27,393 lbs., or 


55.3 


Idea 


.292,041 lbs., or 


4.9 


ilirr 


611.770 lbs., or 


2.7 


inei 


11,202 (jals,, or 


78.0 



Oth^'f F<wil Cmps-.—Vc^s and betins, 55.231 bushels; potiitors— Trish, .'i,9'<0,73'2 Im.slu-Is ami swt'ct, .Vi.1T2 Imsliels. 
The potato on>p r«'tiirrieil in the census of 1S40 amounted to l(,o35.0i)3 bushels ; and hence the decrease uf pruJueliun hi 
tlie deea<ie has l)ecii S/jlf-^.ToD bushids. or in the raljo of 36.7 per oenliiin. 

Miwellaneim.'t Cropn. — Tobacco, 912,6r)l pounds; hay, l.'=42.970 tons; elover-soed, 125,030 bushels; ntlier crrass-seed, 
53,913 bushel!*; hop?, 92,0-^8 pounds ; hemp— iiew-roited.2S2 Ions, and water-rotte<l,2.00G tons; flax,5'2V"9 p"unds ; flax- 
s<*ed, 41.050 bushi'ls; silk cocoons, 2sn (in 1S40, ",2fi2i) ponnds; nuiple su£;ar. 2,32(>.r>2r) pnnnds ; molasses, 5ti,()r)2 gallons ; 
bec's-wax anrl honey, S3^,509 pounds; wine, 25,500 frallons. ete. Value of orehard prudin-ts, $723.3S9; and nf market- 
garden proiliu-ls, $0SS,714. Tlie nmre importimt of these several crops, compared with tlic like crops returned by the 
census of 1S40, uxhibil the folluwitiy; resull-s : 

Crnps. IfiJO. [SSI. Mnvempnt- 

Tobacco S25,01S lbs 91-2.051 lbs 27(cr. 5=;7,633 lbs., or ISO.S per cent. 

Hay 1,311.043 tons l,S42.97ii tons f/((V. 531 327 tons, or 4n.5 " 

Hops 49,4S1 lbs 22,08S lbs 

Hemp — dew-rolteil i / 2s'2 tons 

" water-rolled J- 2,G495 tons-< 2,000 l<in3 

Flax ) i 528,1)79 lbs 

Maple sugar 2.205,755 lbs 2,320 525 lbs 

"Wine 14,32^ gals 25,590 gals. 

ironifi-maifi' Mdvnfiir-tures were produced in the jearto tho value of $749,132. The same manufactures, according; to 
the census of H4n, were valued at ?1,303.U93. Decnasi; in value, $553,901, nr 42.5 per centum. 

jlA/;j,?//;/c('»;v'A-.— Affsrregate ciipital invested, $00.000,000 ; cost of all raw mrderial. fuel, etc., consumed. $00,000,000 ; 
average niimb.r of hands emplnycd, 000,000— males 00,000, an<l females OO.oriO; mrinlbly wa^es pjiid, $f)(io.OOO— to 
males $(ii,0.iiuO, mid to fi-m:des $00,000; v:due of product-n fi-r Ihe yrnr. $O0.on(i.OO(t. T'.t:il number "f mariufactnrinc; 
cslablishmints prDdurinsf to the annual value of $,5iiO and np-.vard, <>n ih<- 1st dune. 1S50, 22.030— in Ihe ea.Merti district 
13,SS2, ,and in Ihe we.-^terrL district «.154. Of Ilie tntal number of cslablishments 2riS were cotton factories, 3>;a woolen 
factories, and 631 iron-works, viz., 820 manufacturing castings, ISO pig iron, and 131 c:ist iron. The number of tanneries 
was 1.039. 

In the manufacture of roftori the capital invented amonnts to $4,52*^.925: material an<! fuel ronsmnod $3,l.'"r2,530: pro- 
ducts of the yenr. 45.740.790 yards of sheeting, etc., nntl .5..'?08,501 pounds of yarn: tol;d v.-diie of i)n'<lnels, $.5,322,202. 
Cotton used, 4-1,102 bjiles ; coal consumerl. 2(,1S9 tmi'i; haiuls omplnycd. 7.003— males 3,.5G4, ami fem:d''s 4,099; entire 
wacres per month, $lMt.29S—tn males $03,042, and to f-nial-'s $40,050. The c;ipi(al employed in 100 ctton factories in 
1S40 was $3,325.41)0 ; hands employed. 5.522 ; value of nrlielcs manufaclnred, $5,013,007. 

In the tpooh'ii m:mufaeturos the capital invested nmounts to $3,005,004: wool used. 7.500,379 pounds; conl cnnsnmcd, 
10.777 tons; value of all raw material, fuel, etc.. $3,2s2.71S; han'ls employed. 5.720— males 3.490, and fcmnlcs 2.236; 
entire wages per ni.mth. $90,417— to males $07,l3'i, au.l to femnles $23,279: products nf the year. 10.i9!t.2;U yards of 
clolh, and 1,941.021 pounds of yarn ; value of t-nlirc products, $5,321,906. Capital in I'^O, $1,510,546; hands employed, 
2.930; value of products, $2,310,001. 

The capital invested in timnericft amonnts to $3,510,3]^ ; v.'diie of all raw material, etc.. used. $3,109,309 ; linnds em- 
ployed. 2.9S0; monthly cost of labor, $54.'^01 ; skins t;mne<1.293,79S, and sides tanned, l.S.52,900 ; value of products for the 
year, $5,275,492. In ISIO there were in the State 1,170 Umncries; liands, 3,445 ; and capital, $2,783,630; sides of sole 
leather tanned, -115.G55, and of uppi-r haiher, 405.933. 

In the manufacture of 7nalt and npir/tnom h'gitorfi, the investment amounts to $1,719,900 ; quantilies and kinds of 
grain, etc., consumed— barley .550.105 bushels, corn 1.4=13,5."5 bushels, rye r>t7.T^0 bush«ts. oats 24,990 bu-'^hcls. apples 
51.200 bushels, molasses 10 hogsheads, and hops 203 tons; hands employed. Oil; rinaniities of liquor p roi luce d— ale, 
etc.. 1S9,5^1 barn-Is. whisky and high wines 6,54S.S10 gallons, and rum 1.500 gallons. The census of iJvlO returned 
l.Olu distilleries, prnducin-j; 6,240,193 gallons of spirits; and ^7 Im-weries, producing 12.705,974 gallons of ale, etc. ; hands 
employed. 1.0O7 : capital invested, $1,589,471. New York and <»hi" produce more spirits, and New York alone more 
ale, etc., than Pennsylvania. 

C5T 



PENNSYLVANIA. 



The statistics of tlie ir&n manufacture are exhibited in the annexed table :* 



Capital invested duUars 

Ore Msed tons 

Pig Iron use<I " 

Old Metal used " 

Elooms used " 

Mineral Goal consumed " 

Coke and Charcoal consumed hush^is., . . 

Value of all raw material, etc dollttrs . . . 

Hands employed — male manber. . . 

" *' female " 

Monthly cost of labor — male dollars . . . 

" " " female " 

Metal produced tonn 

Value of all other products doU<trs. . . 

Value of entire products '* 



Wr^t.i^lit Iron 

. r,C2U,0C6 . 



Pig !ri>n. Cni-lings. 

8,670,425 3,422,924 . . . 

877,263 — — 

— 09,501 1C3,7«2 

— 819 — 

— — 20,405 

81G.0G0 49,223 825,967 

27,505.186 276.855 8,939,993 



Toul. 

19,613,415 

S7 7.283 

23:j,20.3 

819 

20,405 

6[11.2.")5 

31.722,039 



3,782,427 2,872,467 6,4SS,.'m U,5'J8.2S5 

9,285 4,7t:2 6,764 20,S31 

9 1 7 IT 

201,039 131,744 187,227 520,010 

46 6 53 Iii5 

285,702 57,810 182,506 526,018 

40.000 601,160 219.500 920,660 

6,071,513 5,3.54,851 8,902,907 20,329,301 



— about two-thirds of the aggregate capital is employed in Eastern Pennsylvania, and one-third in Western Pennsylva- 
nia. In 1840 there were in the State 213 establishments, manufacturing annually 98,395 tons of cast-iron, and 169 
bloomeries, forges, and rolling mills, manufacturing 87,244 Ions of bar iroij; total fuel consumed, .355,903 tons; hands 
employed, 11,522, and capital invested in the manufacture, $7,781,471. The counties having the largest interest in the iron 
trade in 1850 were AUegliany, Armstrong, Lancaster, Chester, Berlis, Clarion, Columbia, Blair, Huntingdon, and Luzerne — 
in these ten counties more than one-half the invested capitid is employed. Of the sixty, two counties of the Stale, forly-ftvo 
contain iron-worlis, and of the remaining seventeen, nine abound in iron and coal, so that only eight can be regarded as 
not suited to the manufacture of iron. The following will exhibit the relation the iron manufacture of Peunsylvauia holds 
to that of the whole Union : 

Pis Iron. Cast Iron. Wrnuelil Iron. Totnl. 

Capital in Pennsylvania $8,570,425 ;.. $3,422,924 $7,620,066 $19,61.3,415 

" " United Slates 17,846,425 17.416,361 14,495,220 49,252,006 



Proportion in Pennsylvania 49.4 p. c 

Eaw material, fuel, etc., in Pennsylvania $3,732,427 

" " " in United States T,0(J5,289 



Proportion in Pennsylvania 63.3 p. c 

Iron made in Pennsylvania — tons 285,702 

" " in United States " 564,755 



Proportion in Pennsylvania 55.6 p. 

Value of total products in Pennsylvania $6,071,513 

" " " in United States 12,748,777 









19.6 p. c 


.... 62.6 p. c .... 


.... 89.8 p. c. 


$2,.3r2,46T .... 


.... $5,483,391 .... 


.... $11,593,233 


10,346,.355 .... 


.... 9,695,109 .... 


. . . . 27,049,753 


22.9 p. c 


.... 86.6 p.c .... 


.... 42.8 p.c 


57,510 .... 


182 506 .... 


626,013 


822.745 .... 


278,044 .... 
.... 65.9p. c 


.... 1.105,514 


17.9 p. c 


. . . . 4,5.1 p. c. 


$5,.354.SS1 .... 


.... $3,902,907 .... 


.... $20,329,301 


25,108.155 .... 


.... 16.744,074 .... 


.... M.601,006 



Proportion in Pennsylvania 47.6p.c 21.3 p.c 53.2 p. c 37.4 p. c. 

Besides the above manufactures, Pennsylvania has many others, which, though neither so extensive nor valuable, are 
very important in their bearing on the interests of the commonwealth. It is conspicuous for its manufacture of railroad 
machinery and carriages, its extensive cabinet-ware manufactures, and numerous other crafts, whica in the aggregate 
employ the vast capital indicated by the late census returns. As a manufacturing State, indeed, it is only less important 
than New York and Massachusetts. Its great manufacturing centres are Philadelphia in the east and Pittsburg in the 
west, and there are also extensive manufactures carried on in the towns on the Delaware and Susquehanna rivers, and 
others in the interior. If Pennsylvania is mentioned as the great producer of coat and iron, it is only because those inter- 
ests are paramount, and eclipse minor ialeresls which in the aggregate are really as valuable and important. 



* The table fciven above ia from the census of ISjO. A ttdler and more elaborate series of tabular statistics on the iron manu- 
facture of Pennsylvania ia published iu "HurtVs McrchanW Miiyazitui" for November, 1851, to wbich tliose interested in the sub- 
iect are directed. The following is a compend of the article referred to, which, though difleriug somewhat in its results from 
the census ascertainments, is nevertheless of great value : 

FtTENACES. 

Prod'ct Ijarffest 

in laiSl. Prod'ct. 

Tons. Tons. 

....109.168 151.331. 

.... 4o.;Bli 77.860. 



Descript'n of Wks. 

^ TAnthracite Sc Blast 
g Charc'li Hot Blast 
^i .. t Cold Blast 
S 1 
H [ Total Eastern Dist. 



Condifn. 

In. Out 

... 29 23.. 

...31 36.. 



Annual 

Can'city. 

Tons. 

...221.t00.. 

.-.. 101.475.. 



Power Employed. 



..27 33 69..i24 29.(i97 62.231 

... 87 92 392.339 183.201 281.423.... 12.104 



Jlen. Anim'Is. St'm. Watr. S..^tW. 

....1223 2126 42 12 1.... 

....4691 2199 6 53 9.... 

-.-3183 1830 4 6i 2.... 



Capital 
Invested. 

. S3.221.000 
. 2.8(17.500 
. 2.356.500 



.6133.. 



..61 119.. 



..12.. 



„■ f Charc'I & Hot Blast .... 10.. 
g .. tColdBlast .... 49.. 

2JRawBtm.Cl.kH.B 3.. 

1| Coke Si Hot Blast.... -■■ 

■' I, Total Western Dist. ....62.. 



. 9 29.2TO 11.966 16.659 1310. 713.. 

..33 101.130 60.»i3 72.924 6:!53 3320.. 

.. 4 12.B)0 4.900 7-800 513 220.. 

.. 4 12.000 10,000 900 100.. 



..51 137.900 67»l 107.333 8.078.. 



.4563.. 



rAnthrncite h Blast .... 29 23.-.. 

o Charc'I it Hot Blast .... 41 44.... 

= ! .. iCold Blast ....76 63... 

C-<nawBtnj.CI.8iH.B 3 4.... 

4... 



.221.100 109.11)3. 131.331.. 

.. 130.703 53.302 91.519.. 

..173.651 80.6*15 125.155-. 

.. 12.600 4.900 7.8X).. 

.. 12.000 10.000.. 



Total.. 



H9 143 550.339 233.033.. 



-.4225 2126.... 

..6004 3212.... 

..8538 6.330... 

... 615 220.... 

... 900 too.... 

....20.182.. ..11.008.... 



. 7.. 
..28.. 
,. 6.. 



.42.. 
..12.. 



.. 4.. 
..96.. 



...10 1.. 

....15 11.. 

...55 13.. 

...12 1.. 

...63 10.. 

...99 13.. 



. $611,000 

.. 2.813.876 

.. 223.000 

.. flOO.OOO 

.. S4.417S76 

.. $3,221,000 
. 3.17S.S0O 
.. 6.170.376 
223.000 
.. 800.000 

..$12.892«5 



PENNSYLVANIA. 



Foreign Ccmwe/'t'e.— Pennsylvania, in regard to its foreign commerce, holds a fourth rank among the Slates of 
the Union. The official returns exhibit the value of this t>raach of industry to have been for the year ending 30lh June, 
1S50, as follows: exports, $4,001. fji»; and imports, $I2,0GG,154. Of the exports, $4,049,404 was the value of domestic pro- 
ducts, and of this $3,42S,loO was thai of nierehandise carried in American and $G21.:314 of merchandise carried in foreign 
vessels, and $452,142 the value of foreign produce and manufactures, of uhich to the value of $363,225 was carried in 
American and $$^,017 was carriofi in foreign vessels. Of the imports, $10,795,462 was the value of those brought in 
American and $1,270,692 those brought in foreign vessels. The shipping employed in the carrying trade consisted of 

Enter^J. CI,MreJ. Tntil, 



Nntrnnnl.tv 
ofSl.iiM'.ns. 

AmiTii'an ... 
ForeigD 


Ve.iels. 

862 .. 

1S5 . . 


T.irM. 

.. 3-2,3iU .. 


.Men. 
. . 4,(1116 . 
... 1.C90 . 


Ves..-h. 
. . . 31111 . . . 
. . . 170 . . . 


... S1,-27S.. 
... 30,342 .. 


.Mhh. 
..3,-322 .. 
...1,51G. 


.. GlU .. 
.. 365 .. 


•r.„i5. 
. ]Sl,2S,i... 
. 62,703... 


Hen. 

.. 7,32S 
.. 8,213 


Total.... 


6;;r.. 


. . 1.52,370 . . 


.. 5,T02 .. 


...479 ... 


...111,C1S .. 


..4,SSS . 


.. 1,010 . 


. . 243,(ISS . . 


.. 10,640 



Philadelphia is the only district in which foreign commerce is carried on. In 1S50 there wire owned in thai district 
46.3SO tons of perinnuent registered shipping and 17,S20 tons of temporary- registered shipping, of which latter class 
66 tons were navigated by steam. The distribution of the enrolled and licensed tonnage was u^ follows; 

Kiiriillpil ami I.iferiBeil. 

Licerncd iinJer EnrM. nnd lie. ton. 



Coi:»*rli..n I>i(tri.-t?. rerm,<iient 

Philadelphia on Delaware l;l6.r'77 . . . 

Presr|ue Isle on Lake Erie 7,S70 . . . 

Pittsburg on Ohio Kiver 43,476 ... 



Te.ni. 
. . . 2,5S1 



>■>'■ 



f .1 by sleati 

... 3,W4 15,476 

... — 5.;351 

. . . 1,095 39,9S4 



—total tonnage in Philadelphia district 206,499 tons; in that of Presque Isle 7,S70 tons, and in tliat of Pittsburg 44,571 
tons — making for the State 257,9;i9 tons. During the year ending as above there were built in the Stale 1S5 vessels 
(21.410 lons>: 166 (7 ships, 1 brig. .34 schooners, 107 sloops and canal boat?, and 17 steamers), of the burden of 1S.150 tons 
at Philadelphia ; 1 schooner (22 tons), at Presque Isle, and IS vessels (4 schooners and 14 steamers— 3,23S tons), at Pittsburg. 
The statistics of the foreign commerce of the Slate from 1791 to the year 1S50, exhibit the following movements : 



Year. 


Exrort^. 


1791 ... 


.. $3,4;!G,093 


1792... 


. . 3,520,662 


1793 ... 


6,9.6S,S3G 


1794... 


. . 6,643,092 


1796 ... 


.. 11,618,260 


179li... 


.. 17,513,806 


1797 . . . 


.. 11,446.291 


179S . . . 


. . S,916.4G3 


1799 . . . 


.. 12,4:)1.9G7 


ISOO ... 


.. 11,949,679 


IMIl ... 


.. 17,438,193 


1802 . . . 


.. 12,677,475 


1S03 . . . 


.. 7,.62,5,710 


1S04 . . . 


.. 11,0.30,167 


1S05 ... 


.. 13.762,2,')2 


ISOG . . . 


.. 17,574,702 


1S07... 


.. 16,804,744 


ISOS... 


. . 4,013,330 


1S09... 


. . 9,049.241 


ISIO... 


.. 10,993.393 



Year. 


E.xports. 


1811 ... 


.. $9,.i60,n7 


1SI2 ... 


. . 6,973.750 


1813... 


.. 3,677.117 


1814 ... 




1816... 


.. 4.593,919 


1816 ... 


. . 7,196,246 


1817 ... 


.. 8,735,592 


1^18... 


. . 8,769.402 


1819 ... 


. . 6.293,788 


1>20 ... 


. . .5,748.649 


1821 ... 


.. 7,391,707 


1^22 


.. 9,ci47,sii2 


1823 ... 


.. 9,617.192 


1824 ... 


. . 9,364,893 


1-23... 


.. 11,260,981 


1''26 ... 


.. 8,331.722 


1827 ... 


.. 7,575,533 


1828 ... 


. . 6,051,480 


1829 ... 


. . 4,089,935 


1830 ... 


. . 4,291,703 



Imjirirls. 



8,158,922 
11.874,170 
13,096,770 
11,866,631 
15,041,797 
13„55I,779 
11,212,935 
12,534,408 
10,100,152 

8,702,122 



YPir. 

1831 . 

1832 . 

1833 . 
1-84 . 

1835 . 

1836 . 

1837 . 

1838 . 
1-30 . 
1S40 . 

1841 . 

1842 . 
184:3. 
1.844 . 
1S46 . 
1S4G . 
1847. 

1848 . 

1849 . 

1850 . 



Export^'. Imports. 

$5,513,713.... $12,124,083 



8,510.066 . 
4,078,951 . 
2,031,803 . 
3,730,275 . 
3.971.555 . 
3,841,699 . 
S.477,161 . 
3,299,415 . 
6,820,145 . 
6,152,601 . 
8,770.727 . 
2,354.943 . 
8,.635,2flC . 
3,574,363 . 
4,751.005 . 
8,644,391 . 
5,732,833 . 
6,3*3,421 . 
4,501,606 . 



10,67S,.35S 

10,461,260 

10,479,263 

12.359,937 

15,068,233 

11,680,111 

9,360,731 

16,050,715 

8,464,882 

10.346.098 

7,3S5,85S 

2,7G0,C30 

7,217,267 

3,169,227 

T,9S9,.396 

9,587,510 

12,147,584 

10,645,500 

12,006,154 



InU'n'or Commrmication. — Pennsylvania has numerous magnificent works of internal improvement, on which an 
immense commerce is conOtictefi. The £:reat line of railrnad from Philadelphia to Piltsburi; is one of the lon£:est and 
most expensive lines in the Union, foriniiii; a road 357 miles Inns:; and another through line from Philadeljdiiu via 
Sunbury to Erie, on the lake of the same name, is in progress of construction, and, when finished, will no doubt form one 



District; 
of State. 

Eastern -. 
Western . 

~ Total.. 
Eastern .. 



No. of 
Works. 

.... 109.. 
.... 3.. 



US.. 
. 4 . 



District 
of State. 

Eastern .. 
Western . 



District 
of State. 



No. of 
Works. 



No. of 

Korge 

Files. 
...389... 
... 6... 

...Sill m.. 

... 3 -. 



j,j„ Qf Largest Product. 



CHARCOAL FORGES. 
Product lSi9. 
H.,,n -LOUS. Tons. 

"''™- Klooins. Bar. Blooms. Bar. 

ll» 3'-'.737 eSSO 2J.3I9 3M6... 

3 (total350) lew 100... 



Power Employed. 



Men. 

..3tii>:i.. 

. 42... 



Anim'ls. St'oi. 

...1377 2...- 

... 13 - 



Capital 

"^ Invested. 



Wt'r. S.kW 

.104 3.. 

. 3 --. 



. .39.097. . 



.•il.4t9.. 



.4016.. 



FORClvS OTHER TTTAN CHARCOAL FOROES. 

410 - — 69... 



3107 ISiM... 

12..-. 



ROLLtXG MILLS. 



Furmcps. 



No. of 
Train 



No. of 
Nail 



Piiddlg. Healing. Kolls. Rlacliiiiea. 

66 347 ISl 106 WO.... 

23 IW 128 80 .330.... 



Litrt'est Product, 

Product. 1SI9 . 

Tons. Tone. Jleu 
. 91.50S, 
. 72.132. 



Power Employed. 



Anim'ls. Sl'm. Wfr. S.SiW 

.. 5).73S 3618 511 22 31... 3.... 

.. 63.(i'J0 3010 lilO 22 I......... 



2.012.300 
14.000 



Capital 
Invested. 



.$ 3.129.70O 
. :.425.."«0 



....1U3.730 108.368.... 6058 1121 44 32.. 

BLOCMEItlES. 



No. of Nil. of 

Works. Fires. 



No. of 
llauiri. 



Largest! Product. 
Tons. 



Product 1*19, 
Tons. 



Power Employed. 



Capital. 
Invested 



Men. Aiiiiuals. Water. 
335 OT 10 6 $ 28.700 



PENNSYLVANIA. 



of the mnsl profitable lines connecting the lakes with the sea-board. Other r.ailraa<]s connect Phila.kOpIiia with BaUirnore, 
and in the north-eysleru portion of the State there are numerous short railroads cnnnectJnfr the coal mines with nuvigatiop, 
or passing into tlie Slate of New York, furnishing an outlet for its mineral wealth in that dircelKin. M;iny other raiJr'>ads 
are in progress or cimtemplatt'd, all of which will connect with or intersect the trunk lines alren-ty built or provided for. 
The canals of this State are also magnificent works, and in their construction a great portion of the heavy debt of the 
Stale has been contracted. They follow generally the great vallejs of the interior, and in their courses acconnnodale an 
immense area of fertile and productive coimtry. These are slill incomplete, but evt-ry year is adding to their length and 
consequent value, nor can it be any long period before they will yield a revenue commensurate to the outlay that their 
construction has demanded. [See statistics of railroads and canals in Appendix.] 

Banks, ^(c— The number of banks in the State, in November, 1S50, was 46. and 5 branch banks. The financial con- 
dition of these, at that period, was as ftjllows: Liftbilitieji — capital, $17,701,206; circulation, $ll,T9^.9ri(j; deposits, 
$n,6S9,'212; due other banks, .$5.Sll.lo7, and other liabilities. .1;!)3,015; and ^a-^^As— loans and discounts, $yS.4-2:3.'274 ; 
real estate, $1,114.73S ; stocks. $;l,417,07o; due by other banks, $4,'2 14,174 ; notes of other banks, $2,57l),l;J9 ; specie funds, 
$2,737,665, and specie, $4,337,594. 

Govermnent^ etc. — The first constitution of Pennsylvania was adopted in 177G, the second in 1790, and the present, 
■which was amended in 1S50, in 1333. 

The right of suffrage is given to every white free man, 21 years old, resident in the State for one year, and in his 
election district for ten days before the election, and who has paid within two years a State or county tax, assessed at least 
ten days before the election, but while free men. between 21 an*! 22 years old, being citizens of the United Slates, need 
not have paid a tax; and qualified voters, who are citizens of the United States, and who have removed from the State 
and returned, may vote after six months' residence. The general election is held on the second Tuesday of October 
annually. 

The legislature is composed of a ITouse of Representatives and a Senate. Representatives, not lc.<is than GH, nor more 
than 100 in number (now 100). nuist have attained the age of 21 years, must have been citizens anil inhabitants of the 
State for the last three years, and for the last year of the districts they represent, and are elected annually. Senators in 
number not less than one-fourth, nor more than one-third (now one-third) the number of representatives, are chosen 
for three years, one-third of their number annually. They must be at least 25 years of age. must have been citizens and 
inhabitants of the State fur the lour years i)ri-ccding the election, and for the last year of their districts. The General 
Assembly meets on the first Tuesday of .January annually. The constitution provides that there shall be an enumeration 
of taxable inhabitants every seven years, to fix the number of Senators and Representatives, and every county shall have 
at least one representative, but counties erected after 1S3S shall have none until entitled thereto by their population. No 
representative shall be appftinted to any civil office created or increased in pay during his term. 

The governor must have attained his 3iith year of age, have been a citizen and inhabitant of the State for the last seven 
years, and hoI<!s ndjce for tliree years, his term commencing on the third Tuesday in January ensuing his election, ilo 
receives a fixed compensation, and is not eligible for more than six years out ()f every nine years. He may remit fines, 
and grant pardons, except in eases of impeaclmienl. and may ret/) a bill of the legislature, but it may be passed into law 
by a two-lhirds vote of both houses, notwithstanding his objections. 

The administrative officers of the State are — the Secretary of State, who is eo^officio Commissioner of Common Schools ; 
the Deputy Secretary of Stale, the State Trea.surer, the Auditor-general, the Surveyor-general, the Deputy Surveyor- 
general, the Adjutant-general, and the lliree Canal Commissioners. 

The judiciari/ is vesteil in a Supreme Court, Courts of Common Pleas, District Courts of the city and county of Phila- 
delphia, and of ihe county of Alleghany. County or Probate Courts, and other local courts, liy the amended constitution 
all judges are now elected by Ihe people. The judges of the supreme court are chosen at large, and for a term of fifteen 
years. The judge having tiie shortest term to serve is chief justice. The resident judges of the several courts of common 
pleas and other courts of record, and all other judges required lo be learned in the law, are elected by the electors of the 
districts over which they are lo preside, and for a term of ten years. The associate judges of the common pleas hold their 
offices for five years. All judges hol<i ofRee for their resi>cctive terms during good behavior, but for reason:dile cause, 
though not suflicient grounds for impeachment, the governor may remove them upon the address of two-thirds of each 
branch of the Legislature. Any vacancy is filled by appointment of the governor, the incumbent holding office until the 
first Monday in December succeeding the next subsequent general election. During the continuance in office, the judges 
of the supreme court must reside within the conunonwealth, and the other judges in the district or county for which they 
■were elected. The supri^me court is compose<l of a chief and four associate justices, and tlie attorney-general, and has a 
reporter of supreme court decisions, and a prothonotary for each of the four <ii.stricts into which the SUite is ilivided. 
The district court of the city and counly of Philadelphia consists of a president and two associate judges, and that of Alle- 
ghany County of a president and one associate. For the sessions of the courts of common pleas, the State was formerly 
divided into 21 districts, but in 1S5(I the number was increased to 24 districts, each of which (except the first, comprising 
the county of Philadelphia, which has also two associate judges) has a president judge. The district courts are invested 
with the civil jurisdiction of the common pleas in their respective districts in all eases exceeding a certain sum. 

Federal /leprenenttition.^ln accordance with the law of 23d May, 1S50, 1'ennsylvania is entitled to ?(C6?^iy:;^ye repre- 
sentatives in the Congress of Ihe United States. 

The militia force of the State consists of 276,070 men of all arms, of which 7.51S are commissioned officers, and 26S,552 
non-commissioned officers, musicians, artificers, and jtrivales. Of the commissioned officers. 55 arc general odicers, 1G4 
general staff officers, 1.245 field, etc., officers, and 6.054 company officers. The governor is eir-iifficio conunander-in-chief 
of the military force of the State ; and every white male citizen l)etween the ages of IS and 4.'3 is liable to military duty. 

/*f(W/c /^iH«ncc^.— The debt of the State, funded and unfunded, on the Isl lX*cember, ISoti. amounted to $40,775,4So 42, 
composed as follows: funded deht~-G per cent, stocks, $2,312,022 51; 5 per cent, stocks, $37,350,892; and 4i per cent, 
stocks. $200,000 ; making a total funded debt of $.39,002,914 7S ; and unfunded deht—vr^Wci' notes in circulation, $G52.1&4; 
int^Tcsl certificates outstanding. $162,135 90, and unclaimed, $4.44S 3S ; interest on unclaimed and outslanding certificates, 
to be added U) them when funded, $10,504 57; domestic creditr)rs, $s3,317 79— make the total unfunded debt. $!i 12,570 C4. 
The commissioners of the sinking fund, at the date .specified, held $459,122 9S. which, to ascertain the exact liabilities of 
the State, must be ilcducted from the aggregate, which would leave it $4ii.yi6,362 44. The regular annual interest on 
loans amounts to $2.ii04.714 51, and the interest guaranteed on internal improvement companies' assumed debts lo $32,500, 
making the total annual interest paid Ijy the Stale amount to $2,037,214 51. 
660 



PENNSYLVANIA. 



The rtiKts elf the Sl:ile eorsist of ils eannls mid railroails, which had eost $59,204,787 85; stocks of incorporated com- 
panies amounting to $l,9i17.94S 52— total j!:n.n2,7:a S5, and <leposits (unavailalile) in the lianli of the United Slates, 
$283,000. The linaneial condition of the railroads and canals owned Ijy the Slate lor llie year ending on the SUth Novem 
ber, 1S50, is exhibited in the followiiig details; 



Works. GTt^^9 Rpvpnue. Kxppnspg. 

Eailroads— Columbia $6.'53.447 5l5. . . ..^310,3:54 .30 

'■ Alleghany Poruige . 241.S17 46. ... 247.S44 U 

Canals— Main Line 479.441! .39 .... llil.900 77 

" Delaware Division 2 15,147 87 00,8.34 22 



Canals — Susquelianna Division 

" Nortli Branch 

" West Branch ) 

Expenses of Canal Commissioners 



J Revenue. E.vpenses. 



.1il93,1.50 lD.....1l7i;,.304 04 



53,000 00 



—making a gross revenue of if 1.708,209 40. and an expenditure amounling to $802,528 00. Net revenue, $905,081 46. 

The v;due of real and personal property lial)le to taxation under the triennial assessment orlS48. was $103,031,4.53: and 
the tax assessed in 1850, $1,615,950 44. The Irue value of real and personal properly in 1330, according to the census of 
that year, was $722,480,120. 

The revenue and disbtirsemenis of the Treasury for Ihc fiscal year were as follows : j'nvn kc— receipts during the year, 
$4,438,1.31 ,'il; balance from 1849, $920,207 24— making a total means of $5,364,338 75; and disliursemeiiLs— payments 
during the year. $4,507,053 94 ; depreciated funds in trea-sury (unavailable), $41.0:32 00 ; surplus available funds, $7.54,252 81. 
Tile principal sources of revenue, and the chief olijecl.s of expendilure, were as follows: .<o«)-,v,< o^ ;vivii '/<"— lands, 
$10,378 58; auction commissions, $18,07:3.75; auction dulie.s, $44.''98 22; tax on bank dividends, $1.53.877 14; lax on cor- 
poration slocks, $130,510 14; tax on real and personal estate, $I,:U7,S2I 65; lavern licenses, $107,427 49; retailers' licenses, 
$171,0i;2 20; peddlers' licenses, $2,.525 05; brokers' licenses. $10,228 73; theatre, circus, and menagerie licenses, $2,384 50; 
dislillery and brewery licenses, $4 203 91: billiard rorinl. howling saloon, and ten-pin alley licenses, $3,045 81 ; eating- 
hous,», beer-house, and restaurant licenses, $0,,530 97; patent medicine licenses, $2.G:?3 04; pamphlet laws, $315 5S; 
militia fines, $12,953 73 ; foreign insurance agencies, $2,700 83 ; tax on wrils, wills, rleeds, etc., $45,409 47 ; l:ix on cerlaiu 
offices. $14,047 21; collateral inheritance lax, $102.'295 07; canal and railroad bills. $1,713,848 10: can.-d tines, sales of old 
materials, etc., $0,953 04: tax on enrollment of laws. $10,270 00; premiums on charters, $89,202 21; tax on loans, 
$119,356 30: loans, $270,000 00: interest on loans, $13,721 27; dividends on tumiiike and Itriilgo stocks, $2,460 00; sales 
of turnpike stocks, $l:?,GS5 44; accrued inlerest, $:S,G78 32 ; refunded cash, $1:3,'27S 01 ; fees of the public offices, $.3,087 20; 
Pennsylv.inia State Lunatic Hospital, $177 00; miscellaneous, $1,740 33: and — object'^ of e^iteniUtiivfi : public improve- 
ments. $1488,799 74; expenses of government, $202,899 71: militia expenses, $10,282 25; pensions and gratuities, 
$17,277 91; charitable institutions, $02,207 85; common schools, $213,728 49; commissioners of the sinking fund, 
$318,804 03: loans, $8,150 19; interest on loans, $2,004,714 51; guaranteed interest, $32,500 00; donteslic creditors, 
$0.:i87 41; damages on the public works, $28,008 •54; special commi.ssioners, $2,5.54 03; State Librar.v, $1,000 00; public 
buildings and grounds, $2,002 78: eastern reservoir of the reniisylvania Canal, $1,947 00; weigh-lock at Beach Haven, 
$103 00; use of patent rights, $3,000 00; penitentiaries, $19,283 79; House of Ili'luge, $0,000 00; ciuiveying fugitives, 
$100 00; Nicholson lands, $192 75; amendments to the Conslitution, $2,,500 00; csehe:d,s, $1,740 ,53: abatement of State 
tax, $43,525 04: re-issuing relief notes, $10,940 00 ; counsel fi-es and cntiunissions, $5,984 15 ; miscellaneous, $8,180 41. 

Tile following exhibits the condition of the treasury at the end of each of the named fiscal years: 



ni«)ME. 



Ye^rs. I!.\i tr'rtn last year. 

!84,'> $003,851 88. 

1840 384.880 09. 

184? 3*4.078 70. 

JS48 6'JII,890 85.. 

1849 6.J7,'299 :;9, 



urI RereipTs, 

....$.3,010,002 84.. 
.... 3.529.057 28.. 
.... .3.977.0'2o S9.. 
.... 3.8:31,776 22,, 
4.4:1.3.058 65.. 



1850 920,207 24 4,438,131 51, 



Tftttil Iteverme. 

,$3,073,914 22 
, 3.913,94:! 37 
, 4,361,704 .59 
. 4,512,007 07 
. 5,010.979 04 
. 6fJ64,3:3S 75 



Tenrs. 
1845 .. 
1840 .. 

1S17 .. 

1848 .. 

1849 .. 

1850 . . 



DISDtJRSKMEXTS. 
Intere-l nn Loans. Pub. Impn.vements. T"IaI Expend. 

..$1,784,182 05 $061,:!40 06 $:J.'289,028 13 



1,981,6-43 77. 
2,002.240 41. 
2.005,740 79. 
2.1>47,016 93, 



694-505 12. 
690,.575 95. 
996.592 70. 
951,249 O:!. 



. . .3.629.264 67 

.. 3,6,80,813 74 

. . 3,9.35,376 68 

.. 4,084.771 SO 



2,004,714 51 1,4^8,799 74 4,509,053 94 



E'hicittion. — " Wisdom and virlite are qu.alities wliich, because they descend not with worldly inheritances, must be 
carefully propagated by a virtuous education of youth." Such was the senliiiient of the illustrious founder of this State; 
but allhough the principle of universal education was tlius authoritatively recognized at the e:irlieM period of lier history, 
no system of popular instruction in the commonwealth was attempted, nor common scliool fund eslabiishcd, until tlie 2d 
April, 1831. By a legislative act of that date, certain nione.vs, arising from the sale of lands and other sources, were set 
apart as a comm<^n school fund, at an interest of 5 per cent,, and this interest was directed to be added to tlie principal, 
until tlie proceeds shonld amount to $100,000 annu.ally. By a subsequent act (1st .\pril, 1834), the State was divided into 
districts, and $75,006 was ordered to be paid out of Ihe school fund, for the year 1835, and annually thereafter, to be dis- 
iriliuted among the several counties that should comply with the provisions of the said act, until the year when tlie fund 
should yield an interest of $100,000. Provision was al.so m:uie by this law for levying a tiix on the districts not /<w< than 
doul.le the amount of the apiiroiiriation. On Ihe 13lli .Iiine, 18.30, an act was passed, appropriating $200,000 for llie year 
1837. and annually thereafter, to be apportioned among Ihe several school districts and the city and county of Philadel- 
phi:i, and autliorizsng Ihe levying of a tax not iM-t tluiii equal to nor more than treble the amount of each district's por- 
tion of the Slate appropriation. By resolution of .3.1 .\pril, 1837, $500,000 was appripriated to the common school fund for 
the year 18:18, ''to be applied by the several districts either for building, repairing, or purchasing school h-inscs. or for 
education, as they might deem best." On the 12tU April. 1838. the appropriation was increased to a sum ti^italtoone 
ilotUjr ftir ei'ery taxable inhabitant in the State, to lie increased triennially, with the increase of such inhiibitanls. but wilii- 
ouf any increase of taxation above that authorized by the act of 1830. Various acts, resolutions, and supplements were 
fiubsequenlly pa.ssed. not, however, materially changing any iinporlant features of the law regulating the system, unlil. by 
Che act of 1 llh April. 184.8, it was made lo embrace every counly in the commornveallh. Provision w;is also nuitle by ibis 
act for the payment to those districts from which the undrawn npprojiriations were taken by the act of 29th April. 1844, 
of the onf-fiairth of the State tax levied in such districts, lo be applied exclusively to the erection of school houses therein. 
On the 7th .\pril. 1849. an act was passed, revising and consolid:iting all former ads rehiting to common schools, and 
etliL'Ctiiig many valuable improvements in the syslera. and greatly simplifying the law. Since, and including tlie year 
im, the annual sppropriatioa by the Slate, for the supjiort of schools, luis been $200,000. Such is the history of the 

6C1 



PENNSYLVAXIA. 



enactments f.f the l-'gislatiire, creatine: and jirovidini; a fund as Ihe basis of the wlide svstem of common schools, 
following exhibit affords a condensed view of the optratioua of the system for the year enduig 1st June, 1S50 : 

"Whole number of districts 1,837 

1.273 

8,510 



The 



Number paid during the year 

"Whole number of schools 

Number yet required G74 

Average number of months taught 5.1 

Number of male teachers 6.973 

Number of female teachers 8,yS5 

Average monthly salaries — males $17 20 

Average monthly salaries— females $10 15 

Numljer of male scholars 233,392 

Number of female scholars 190,952 



Number learning German 11,041 

Average number of scholars in each school 40 

Cost of teaching each scholar, per mouth $1 44 

Amount of tax levied $7GS.422 

State appropriations distributed $159,307 

Total funds raised $927,739 

Cost of in^lruction $609,377 

Fuel and contingencies $63,329 

Cost of school-houses, purchasing, renting, build- 
ing, and repairing $253,741 

Total funds expended $920,447 



The following table exhibits the progress of the system in its main features, since its establishment in 1S34 : 





\Vl.ole 


Districts 


I>i.t'. 




Wlioie 


Wl.ole 


Wltole No. 


Apportiim't 


Tun levied 


Exp'd for 


Exu'd for 






acr,^|.t. 


p.niJ. 


report'd. 








to Jtccppling 




School- 


HHtruclion, 




nist's. 


)ng. 




Te.icliers. 


Sdiolars. 


Dislncu. 


Distruu. 


houses. 


fuel, etc. 


lS-35 


9ii7 


636 


_ 


156 


702 


SOS 


82.644 


$ - 


$ - 


» - 


$ - 


1880 


9ST 


74S 


603 


573 


8,384 


3.394 


139,004 


98.070 


207,105 


111.308 


193,972 


1837 


1,001 


796 


765 


664 


4,1189 


4.841 


182,855 


403.749 


231,562 


202,230 


493,071 


1833 


1,0(13 


861 


820 


023 


3,9.39 


5,034 


174,733 


323.794 


836,788 


149,132 


660,450 


1S39 


1.050 


879 


857 


638 


8,162 


4,000 


181.913 


276,826 


832,627 


101,884 


579,162 


1840 


l.OBO 


879 


867 


633 


3,1.';2 


4,600 


181,913 


264,536 


395.913 


101,834 


680,202 


18« 


1,07-2 


903 


885 


734 


5,179 


0,080 


227,699 


249,400 


897.953 


123,004 


5'34,S4S 


1S42 


1,113 


905 


905 


861 


6.116 


7,494 


281,086 


260,066 


398,760 


119,006 


439,372 


1843 


1,139 


945 


945 


865 


6,1.50 


T,594 


288,762 


272,720 


419,307 


92,749 


434,454 


1844 


1.172 


939 


939 


840 


5,993 


7.585 


2S3.4'12 


264,520 


891,340 


75.918 


470,223 


1S45 


1,189 


1.012 


1,018 


901 


6.690 


8.031 


327,418 


192.S13 


370.744 


77,173 


875,932 


1S4G 


1,246 


1.067 


1,050 


994 


7,096 


8,468 


829,805 


186,417 


406.740 


60,900 


430,475 


1S4T 


1.249 


1,103 


1,054 


1.048 


7,320 


8,074 


831,967 


187,269 


430,727 


60,410 


487.201 


1S4S 


1,330 


1,330 


1,129 


1,073 


7,846 


9,090 


3011,606 


193,0-36 


601,081 


90 ,.539 


505.505 


1849 


1,344 


— 


1,218 


1,194 


8,237 


10,050 


385,176 


182,883 


633,187 


146.144 


662,930 


1850 


1,837 


— 


1.273 


— 


8.610 


10,907 


424,344 


186,768 


768,422 


253.741 


009,377 



The number of the schools in Ihe several counties, in 1S50, Tvas as follows : Adams 127, Alleghany 280, Armstrong 123, 
Beaver 111, lieilfi.nl 195, Berks 214, Bhiir 101, Bradford 312, Bucks 189, Butler 102, Cambria 102, Carbon 45, Centre 126, 
Chester 266. Clarion 119, ClearOelJ 83. Clinton 50, Columbia 171, Crawford 393, Cumberland 152, Dauphin 161, Delaware 
69, Elk 25, Erie 271, Fayette 164, Franklin 172, Greene US, Huntingdon 108, Indiana 164, Jefferson 82, Juniata 63, Lan- 
caster .346, Lawrence — , Lebanon 123, Lehigli 123, Luzerne 2.52, Lycoming 146, M'Kean 61, Mercer 197, Mifflin 04, 
Monroe 70, Munlgomery 147, Norlhamiilon 143. Norlhumberland 91, Perry 116, Pike 87, Potter 65, Schuylkill 133, Somerset 
144, Susquehamia 210, Sullivan 31, Tioga 178, Union 141, Yenango 144, Warren 120, Washington 220, Wayne 130, West- 
moreland 2(12, Wyoming 66, York 193. 

The ciiy and county of Philadelphia constitutes the first school district, but is not subject to the general school law. 
The direction of the schools is committed by law to 223 directors and 24 controllers, one each of the eleven sections into 
which the district is divided being governed by a separate board of directors, all being under the supervision of the Board 
of Controllers. Public schools were first established in the city in 1818. The whole number of schools in 1851 was 270, 
namely, the Centr-il High School, the Normal School, 63 grammar schools, 34 secondary schools. 142 primary schools, and 
89 undassined ; number of teachers, 731 — 82 males, and 099 females; number of scholars, 48,060— males 24,503, and 
females 23.543. Besides these, there were 141 teachers in the evening schools. The sum expended during the year had 
been .t3e6,802, of which only $33,300 was distributed from the State appropriation, the balance ha\ ing been raised by 
taxation. 

Tlie principal universities and colleges, medical schools, theological seminaries, law schools, etc., in the State, and the 
statistics of each in 1850, were as follows : 

Name. I-ocntion. - Foinnled. Professors. Students. Alumni. Vols, in I-ih'y. 

University of Pennsylvania Pliiladelphia 17."j5 7 .. 

Dickinson College Carlisle 1733 8 . 

Jefferson College Cnnonslnirg 1803 8 . , 

Washington College Washington ISOO 8 . , 

Alleghany College Meadville 1B17 7 . 

Pennsylvania College Oettysburg 1832 7 . . 

Lafayette College Easton 1332 7 .. 

Marshall Mercersburg 1835 6 . . 

Theological Seminary (Lutheran) Gettysburg 18-25 2 . . 

Theological Seminary (Germ. Ki-f."). . . Mercersburg IS'25 2 . . 

Weslcm Theolog. Seminary (Presb.). . Alleg. Town 1823 2 . . 

Tlieolooiciil School (Assoc.) Canonsburg 1792 2 . 

WesliTu Theol. School (Cong. Unit.) . Meadville 1844 4 . 

Theological Seminary (Asso lief.) . . . Pittsburg 1323 S . 

Theolog. Seminary (Ref. Presb.) Philadelphia — 3 . 

Law Depart. Dickinson College Carlisle — 1. 

Medical Depart University Penn Philadelph ia 1705 7 . . 

062 



SS . 
. 179 . 
, 197 . 
. 187 . 
. 106 . 

65 . 

82 . 

58 . 

26 . 

IS . 
, 48 . 
. 83 . 
. 40 . 
, 85 . 
. 13 . 



.. 6,142 !5,000 

.. 673 14,100 

. . 1,000 10,000 



441 . 
144 . 
163 . 
101 . 
155 . 



. 3,300 

. 8.200 

. 6,000 

. 6,000 

. 6,000 

227 9.000 



121 . 
252 . 
147 . 



C.ono 

0.000 
2,000 
8,000 
1,500 



. 8,316 . 



PENNSYLVANIA. 



K nme. 

Jefferson MedioaJ College 

Mfiiifal Dfpart. Penn. College . 

College of Medicine 

Honia'iipaihie Medical College . 

Peniale Medical College 

College of Pliarniacy 



, riiiliuklpUia 



Fuunded. 


Pr 


ofes3or9. 


St 


idenla. 


Alumni 


lyJ4 .. 




7 .... 




514 ... 


.... 2,036 


1S33 .. 




7 . . .. 




17G ... 


.... 73 


Is47 .. 




7 .... 




75 . .. 


.... 260 


1S4G .. 




10 .... 




— ... 


_ 


1S49 ,, 




7 .... 




— ... 


_ 


1S2-2 ... 




i .... 




— ... 


.... — 



Vols, inLibr'j'. 



Besides the schools and colleges above enunieraled, there are numerous academies, public and private, in every part of 
the State, scientilic inslitulions, and societies founded for tlie encouragement of literature and the arts. Girard Ctttlege, in 
Philadelphia, is a school for the education of orphans, and in its several departments highly efiicienL Church schools are 
also numerous^ and many of them in a highly prosperous condiiion. Pennsylvania, within tlie past ten or twelve years, 
indeed, has made great and wonderlul prngrew in its educational fuoililies, and now stands deservedly in the foremost 
rank among Stales which make education a primary necessity in their economy. 

PuJdic Libraries. — According to the lieport of the Librarian of the Snuthsonian Institute, there were in the State, in 
1S51, the following libraries: one State library, 10,000 volumes ; 16 social, 125,:iSo volumes ; 10 college, 37,875 volumes; 
12 students', 29,350 volumes \ 7 academic and jirofessional, 3S,300 volumes ; 5 scientific and historical, o3,-i78 volumes ; 29 
public school, S,131 volumes; total— SO libraries, an«l 2S7.511* volumes. 

Perivflical Press.— 1\i.e whole number of periodicals published in the State of Pennsylvania on the 1st June, 1S50, was 
82?!, and of these 96 were whig, 110 democratic, and 207 neutral in politicii; the latter class embraces thoso devoted to 
literature, religion, science, etc., and thoso the character of which was not ascertained. Of the aggregate number, 25 
were published daily, circulating at each issue 152,07G copies, or 49,120,515 annually; 3 tri-weekly, 500, or 7S,000 
annually ; 1 semi-weekly, 600, or 62,400 annually; 275 weekly, 5l>6,G42, or 27,3S'>,3S4 annually ; S semi-monthly, 130,800 
or ;5, 139.200 annually; 12 monthly. 159,700, or 1,916,400 annually; and 2 quarterly. 1,900, or 7.600 annually ; total copies 
at each issue. 972,218, or 79,792.532 copies aninially. The counties in which published are as follows: iu Adams, 3 w. 
and 1 q. ; Alleghany (Pittsburg, etc.), 13 d., 2 t.-w., 20 w., 1 s.-m.. and 2 m. ; Armstrong an.l Ceaver, each 2 w. ; Bedford, 
3 w. ; Berks, 9 w. ; Blair, 4 w. : Bradford, 3 w. ; Biicks. 7 w. ; Butler, Cambria, and Centre, each 3 w. ; Carbon, 2 w. ; 
Chester, 5 w. ; Clarion and Clinton, each 2 w.; Clearfield, 1 w. ; Cnlumbia, 3 w. ; Crawford and Cumberland, each 5 w. ; 
Dauphin, 1 d., 7 w. ; Delaware, 8 w. ; Elk, 1 w. ; Krie, 1 t.-w., 4 w. ; Fayette, 10 w. ; Franklin, 7 w. ; Fulton, 1 w. ; 
Grei_-iie, 2 w. ; Huntingdon, 2 w. ; Indiana, 3 w. ; JefTerson and Juniata, each 2 w. ; Lancasti-r, 10 \v., 1 m. ; Lawrence, 
2 w. : Lebanon, 5 w. ; Lehigh, 5 w., 1 s.-m. ; Lucerne, 2 w. ; Lycoming. 4 w. ; M-Kean, 1 w. ; ML-rcc-r, 4 w. ; Mifflin and 
Monroe, each 2 w. ; Montgomery, 6 w. ; Montour, 2 w. ; Norlhanii>ton, S w. ; Northumberland, 4 w. ; Perry, 2 w. ; Phil- 
adelphia. 11 d., 1 S.-W., 38 w., 5 s.-m., 8 m.. 1 q., 1 an. ; I'ike, 1 w. ; Potter, 2 w. ; Schuylkill, 9 w., 1 m. ; Somerset, 2 w. ; 
t^usqnehanna, 2 w. ; Tioga, 4 w. ; Union, 7 w., 1 m. ; Venango, 2 w. ; Warren, 3 w. ; "Washington, 4 w. ; Wayne, 2 w. ; 
■Wyoming, 2 w.; Westmoreland. 4 w. ; York, T weekly. 

Pdigionn Denominatiuna.—'Shc statislics of the several religious denominations iu the State in 1S50, were as stated iu 
the table annexed ; 



neiuiniiua No. iif 


Ol.i.nh 


Valn» or 


Penomina. N", of 


Clmr.-li 


Vnhip <.r 


Dfm.mina- > 


... nf 


Cl.i.r.-h 


Val.ie at 


tu.iis. Cliur. liCT 


(iircm. 


PrM]i..rty. 


Ik. no. Ciiiir<lie 


S. tlCl'c.tH. 


l'n.|itrty. 


.,n„.. CI, 


r.lie3. 


aL'f'..iii. 


rr..|.erly. 


Baplist 317. 


127,308.. 


$806,395 


GcrmnKef. 203. 


104,262. 


$089,210 


r.. Catholic. 


139.. 


89,251 . 


$1,084,204 


Cliristi.-m... 19. 


6,400.. 


24,400 


Jewish 7. 


.X175. 


45,700 


Swedenb'g .. 


3.. 


1,475. 


11,000 


CiJiiitr.-itiin. 9. 


S.IOO.. 


17,250 


LutlKTali... 495. 


259,502. 


1,633,366 


Tunker 


14.. 


6,100. 


11,700 


Uulcli Kef.. 7. 


6,640.. 


79,600 


Mennonitc. S6. 


23,570. 


82,400 


Union 


80.. 


25,300. 


75,325 


Episcopul.. 1.55. 


67.824.. 


1,45.3,700 


Mc-lhoilist. . 87S. 


339,026. 


1,715,658 


Unitarian.. . 


4.. 


1,030. 


28,000 


Free 22. 


6,400.. 


15,050 


Moravian.. 84. 


.32.715. 


221,350 


Universalist. 


19.. 


8,920. 


82,800 


Frk-n.ls. . . . 141. 


00,974. . 


661,787" 


Presbyler'n. 755. 


357,451. 


2,574,700 


Minor Sects. 


92.. 


82,500. 


254,700 



—making a total of 3,5^9 churches, having accommodation for 1,566,413 persons, and valued at $11,551,885. This State 
comprises the Pri>testant Episcopal diocese of Pennsylvania, ami the lioman Catholic dioceses of Pittsburg and I*hiladel- 
phia. in the latter of which are also included West New Jersey and the State of Delaware. 

Paifperi.mt. — The whole number of paupers that received assistance or support during the year ending 1st June, 1S50, 
was 11,551, of which number 5,89S were native-born, 5.G53 foreigners ; and the whole number of paupers on the lists at 
the date specified was 3,S11, of which 2,654 were native-born, and 1.157 foreigners. Annual cost of support, $232,138. 

Jlixtoricid Sk'etch. — Pennsylvania is the only State of the Union which bears and transmits to future ages the name of 
a private individual. William Perm, the illustrious founder of Pennsylvania, a name given to the infant colony by 
Charles II., was the son of Admiral P<'nn, who in the year 1655 acquired distinction as a commander in the conquest of 
Jamaica, and in the war with the Dutch. At an early period of life, Pcnn had joined the Quakers, who began al)Out tlnit 
period to attract pul>lic attention, and it seems to have been the intolerance manifested toward the sect that first turned 
his mind toward America, He and some others purchased a large quantity of land in New Jersey, but becoming dissat- 
isfied, ho formed the design of acquiring a separate estate. The crown was indebted to his father's executors in the 
sum of about £16,000, and as an acquittance for this, a large tract was granted to him in severalty. His charter conveyed 
to him all that tract of country bounded on the east by the river Delaware, extending westward five degrees, an<i north 
and south between the 40th and 4'-'rl parallels, except an area around New Castle, circumscribed by a radius of 12 milea. 
From want of sufficient attention to former charters, this grant interfered both with that of Maryland on the south, and 
with the claims of Connecticut on the east, and hence arose contentions which disturbed the repose of the colonies for a 
century afterward. 

In May, 1681, the proprietary sent over Markham, with a few others, to take possession of the territory, and in July he 
sold 20,1)00 a»-res to a company of merchants, at tlie rair of t'20 the thousand acres, entering into arlit-Ii's of agreement 
with them, entitled "Conditions and Concessions.'' In the following year, Penn published his '' Frame of (jovernment,'* 
by which llie supreme power was to be vested in a governor and general assenddy, consisting at first in iIk- whole body 
of the people, and afterward in a Houfle of Kepresentatives. A provincial council was established, ctmsisting ()f 72 per- 
sons, to be chosen by the freemen. The governor, possessed of Uiree votes, presided in Ibis council, whicli prepan-d atid 
digested all laws, leaving to the people the entire right of rejecting or affirming. This constitution was after a while laid 
u>ide, and another, resembling those established in the other provinces, was adopted. In October, 16S2, Pcnn. accompa- 

663 



PENNSYLVANIA. 



nied by about 2,000 settlers, arrived at New Caftle, on the Dclaviare. He had previ..usly a<-quired from the Duke of 
^•urk a cmveyance of the land at present inelude.1 in the Slate ot Delaware. His first step on landing was to conrdke 
an assembly, 'which was held at Upland (now ealled Chester), in December, 16S1!. In a sh..rt session of three days, a 
c.mslilutinn'mi'dilyina that drawn up by IVnn in Ensland was adopted, and se^■e^al important laws p:,s»ed. Among 
other provisions, t'hatVerf principle, to an adherance to which the province owed much of its prosperity, was adopk-d, 
that " none ackno" ledainff one God, and living peaceably in society, should be molested for his oiiinions or iiracliee, r>r 
compelled to lr.inii-nt''or"mainlain any ministry whatsoever." Another principle of Penn's system, equally novel and 
praiseworlhv, regarded the irtatnient of the Indians. Soon after his arrival, he summoned them to a council, and trcat- 
jnc with them on an amicable and equid fooling, sis men and brethren ; obtained from them, in relurn f..r valuable pres- 
ents a cession of as much land as his exigencies required. The same course was pursued in his subsequent intercourse 
with them, and it was seen with surprise by mankind that kindness and good failh were a.s useful assisUmts as Ihe sword 
in the affairs of a colony. No one of the colonies made such rapid advances in prosperity as Pennsylvania. The salu- 
brily of the clim.ite, and the general fniilfulness of Ihe soil, had some intluence. but the moral attrachons pr,-d..nnnale.l. 
The persecutions at home drove thousands to a place where religious worship was free, and the prospect of enj..ymg equal 
ri-hls in civil matters, allraeted from the continent of Europe a vast number of industrious and nmral cmigranls. 

The city of PhiUadelphia was founde.l al an early period after the arrival of the first settlers, and Ihe second assembly of 
the colony was held at this place, in April, 10S:i. Among other imp.irtant laws adopted by this assembly was one abrogalnig 
the common law of England respecting descents, and distributing the estates of persons dy.ng mlestale among the children, 
Kivincr to the eldest son, however, a double share. The Kevoluliim in England produced »<mie change m the gover.nnent 
of Pennsvlvania. Penn. being suspected of being disaffected toward the House of Orange, was suspended Irom the privi- 
lege of appoinling a deputy lor his province; and in 1C92 Pennsylvania was annexed to New York and subjected to tho 
administration of the governor of that province. Two years after, however, the proprietary was remslaled, and ap- 
pointed a new g,>vernor. Notwithstanding the pacific disposition of the governor and people, and the general concor.lanco 
of Uieir opbnons, Pennsvlvania proved to be no Utopia for Ihe worthy proprietary. Bickerings about the eonstaut.on or 
the laws, or the manner of disposing of the lands, almost constantly existed. The charter had twice been altm-d but the 
colonists were still discrmtented. A third charier wa:! given them in 1701, which provided that the assembly should consist 
of deputies from each countv, and that it should have the right to originate, amend, or reject all bills; that the governor 
should nominate his own council, exercise the whole executive power, and have a negative on the proceedmgsol the 
assembly The delegates from Pennsylvania, assented to this constitution, but those from ■' the Three Lower Counties on 
the Delaware," as they were called, refused lo adopt it, and seceded from the assembly. From this period the 1 hreo 
Counties had a distinct assembly, though they were subject to the same governor as Pennsylvania. The eonslitu ion thus 
adopted continued in force until the Revolution. Penn died in 1718, at the age of 74 years. Since ns founding the st.a o 
that immorlalizcs his name, his life had been a uniform scene of vexation and disquiet. Ills private fortune had matenally 
suffered by his advances to promote the infant colony, and at one time he was compelled to submit to a temporary depri- 
vation of liberty He left, however, to his descendants an inheritance of great v.alue, which they enjoyed nnlil llie 
overlhrow of the British power, when the Commonwealth became the possessor, an.l, as an indemnification, granted them 
an ample sum of money. From the death of Penn the history of the colony is little more than a narrative of petty quar- 
rels between the propr etary governors and Ihe assembly. The chief subject of dispute arose from the lands ol the pro- 
prietary which i waswishei to exempt from taxation, to which other lands were liable. The a.,semhly resisted tho 
exempuon, and this disagreement frequently prevented the passage of necessary laws. In 1T49, an iniporlant treaty wa3 
maTe with the Indians of the Six Nations at Phila.lelphia, in which, for goods of consider.able value, hey granted to the 
proprietary all the lands on the Susquehanna, south as far as the boundary of Pennsylvania, and nor h to the Kiltal, my 
So Bit Mountain. The whole Indian title to lands within the State was subsequently merged A arge portion 



of the inhabitants of Pennsylvania were Quakers, but notwithstanding their peaceful inclinations, tlic colony opposed 
vdl 1 as much zeal as her sister colonies, the arbitrary measures of the British government which led to the l.evohi ion. 
T fl^suongrcss of deputies from the States, and most of the subsequent sessions « -he same a, b - beld in 



Pn:M;^::^w:b^-;;;;.h;t the Declaration Of independence was adopted and proclahned. During 
a con del e part of the war the State was the theatre of hostilities. On the Declaral.on of Independeiice the pre. 
nnetary Government was abrogated, and the people, by their representatives, formed a new eonslilution. Ihe form of 
governmenradomi^ at this peLd ;as found, after the peace, to be liable to serious objection,. Two parlies then arose, 
fherepull, ans and the corstitutionalists-the former, desiring a ^^-^^'-^^ ^ ^'''^'^ '^''^'^^''''^^'^r^,^ 
exercised bv two branches and the executive invested in a single person, finally triumphed, and in 1,90, a conslmilion, 
im mr.o mat of th" united States, was adopted. In 1794, an insurrection broke out ^"^^'^ J^^'^^^^:::^ 
ooDosition to the law of the United States imposing a tax on spirits. From this, called tho ■« hisky Insn mchon, 
serC consequences were at first threatened, but by a happy union of firmness and lenity on the part of President 
Wi^luZne revolt was qnelled. In Northampton. County, in 1797, some deluded persons atlemp.cd U, resis he 
1« of "he marshal, but the power of the laws again triumphed. In 1799, the public offices and the sittings of he 
Wish ur diich, from the settlement of the colony, had been held at Philadelphia, were removed lo Lancaster, and in 
isT- t ," y were t ansferred from Lancaster to Harrisburg, the present capital. From this period no conspicuous event 
o? hi'sm y '.^ transpired. The State, indeed, ha., g.me through many financial difflcnlties and for a time even lier con- 
d l ™ wL con de ed as a blot on the honor of the nation. The fair name of the State, however, has been redecuBcd 
andTheSebT which elrcumslances forced her to suspend, is now liquidated, interest having been rcgi.larl. paid fo many 
vear and the p neipal is being reduced by the operation of a sinking fund. The ,lay of her degradation indeed is 
p^'d and she n™ looms up among that glorious galaxy of states which circumscribes her boundaries, as one of tho 

most glorious and honored. ■.,,., =,„,„ 

Ua^eibbueg, on the left bank of the Susquehanna, is the political capital of the Slate. 

PENNT7I.LB, p. T., Jay CO., /«(?. ." CS m. N. E. Indianapolis. 

Penn Tan, p. v., and cap. Yates co., .V. l'. .• on the out- 
let 1 m. from the foot of Crooked lake, IGl m. W. Albany. 
It contains a court-house, jail, clerk's oflicc. an academy, 2 
banks, several large warehouses and fl..uriiig-inills, numer- 
ous manufactories of castings, mechanical and agricultural 
.C64 



implements, furniture, etc., and ^WX) inhabitants. The 
"Penn Tan Democrat" and "Yates County Whig" aro 
published weekly. Tho outlet descends li7il feet before 
reaching Seneca lake, and ftirnishes immense water-power. 
Crooked Lake Canal, S ni. long, follows the outlet, and con- 
nects the v., through Seneca lake, with the Erie Caual. 



PEN 

Slcanun pty ?. to tbe head of Cronkf.l hike, ntul Hit- Cn- 
mmdaigua uii'l KIniira K. K. passes tlinuttili tlie v., 2-1 ra. 
S. K. of Can;iuJaif^ua, 43 m. N. W. of Klinira. 

Tensy's Fkrkv, p. O.J Hcury co., ///. ; uii lioL-k r., 123 in. 
N. N. W. Spriniilicld. 

Peni-bscot cnunty. Me. SiluatL- K. cinlrally, ami con- 
tains 2.TG0 sq. ni. In the norihrrn pari it is dniiiicd hy 
ht^ad Urum-Ut s nf Arouslook r. and K. liraiR-h "t" I'ciiohsn'l 
r., and in the S. by Penobscot and it^ atllui*ni3. Matta«ain- 
keag, Sebi'C, and Kt-nilaskeag rivers. Siirfacf unibilalliig, 
and in the N.mounlainous ; soil in jEjoneral firiile, and pnt- 
duocs good emps of wheal, corn, and potatoes. It ia well 
wooded, and has goml pastnrage Inr caltle. Agricullure is 
the leading pur?uil. Farms 3.9^:1 ; (nainif. 40" ; dwell. 10.374, 
and pop.— wli. (;:5,i'-*J» fr- f"l- G3~tol!d 63,iiS9. Cajiit'il .- 
Bangor. ruhUr, Worls : liangnr and Oldtown It. P..; 
Kennebec ami Penobscot K. P.; Kurupeau anti Ncrlh 
American II. P. 

PiNou^cnT. I. nnd p. v., Ilancork oo., Me.: at tlio head 
of Penobscot bay, on the E. side, 56 ni. K. \>y N. Angosla. 
A large pond lies in Ihe N. E. piiri. It has a fertile soil, 
gnod \sau r-power, f;ioililies for navigation, and abundance 
of limber. Pop. of t. 1,5513. 

Fenobscut bay. JP. ; near the middle of the coast liound- 
ary, setting np N. from the Atlantic. Oeean al)oul 27 ni., re- 
ceiving Penobscot r. at its N. e.\lremity, calleil Eeliii&t bay. 
The breadtli of its month, from Owl's Head on the W. to 
Burnt Coat Island on Ihe E., is about 30 m. It contains a 
nmnbcr of large islands, the prmeipal of which are Deer, 
Ilant, Long, and Fox islamls. besiiles many smaller. It lias 
many good harbors, and its waters contain many varieties of 
excellent fisli. Its scenery is exceedingly beautiful, and on 
its borders are large and flourishing towns. 

Penobscot river. Me. : this important river is the largest 
in the State. It is formed from two main branches, of wlfu li 
the largest rises hi the W. part of the State near the Canada 
line, and flows by irregular course E. and S., and llirough 
the large takes, Chesuncook and Pemadurncook, to its juiic- 
titm with the E. branch. After the junction it flows in a 
S. E. course until it receives Mattawanikeag r. from the 
N. E., which is its principal tributary on the E. side; then 
S. 8. \V. unlil it receives the Pisc:Ua(iuis. its chief \V. tribu- 
tary; then S. by W. to its entrance into Penobscot bay. 
From its source to the ocean is about 275 m. It is navi- 
gable for vessels of large size to Pangor, 50 m. from the 
ocean, and for boats to a considerable distance above that, 
lis upper poriions liave many falls and rapids furnishing 
excellent mill-sites. The tide rises high at Bangor, caused 
by the relurn of the Gulf stream and Ihe wedge-like form 
of the bay. Above Bangor are numerous islands owned by 
the Penobscot Indians, who occupy the principal one — 
Old town. 

Pesoiiscot, it. S. collection district, Mp. Casline is the 
port of entry. Total tonnage on 30lh June, 1S50, ;^6,950 tons; 
of which 5,713 tons were registered, and 31.237 enmlle*! and 
licensed. Of registered tonnnge, 5.122 Ions were permanent, 
and 591 tons temporary. The enrolled and licensed ton- 
nage consisted of 30,531 tons permanently enrolled; of 
which 15,059 tons were in the coasting trade, 1I.4G2 tons in 
cotl fishery, and 4,010 in the mackerel fishery, besides 706 
tons " licensed under 20 tons" employed in the cod fishery. 
During the year ending June 30, 1S50, the number of clear- 
ances for f"reign countries was 19 — 3,441 Ions; total of en- 
triiiH-es, 14 — 4140 tons. Vessels built during the year, 2 
ships, 3 brii;.-*. 14 schooners; total 19 — 2,S35 tons. 

Pexoi.a, p. o., Sumter county, Ala. : 122 m. W. by N. 
Monigonury. 

Pensacoi.a, p. city, port nf entry, and cap. Escambia co., 
Flor.: on Pensacola bay, lo m. from the Gulf of Mexico, 
ITti m.W. Tallahassee. Lat. 30O 24' N., \iyr\g. 87° Id' 12" W. 
The liarbor is deep and aflTords good anchorage, but near 
Ibe city is shallow, and lience a long wharf has been extend- 
ed into the bay. The ciiy is built uu a sandy plain, 40 or 50 



PEO 

feet above the level of the water, and is regularly laid out 
with wide streets crossing al right angles, having also two 
large public sqn.ires. It contains a eouri-hoiise, custom- 
house, market, and 2 cliurches. Two newsp;ipers are is- 
sued, ''P. Gazelle" (whig), weekly, and "Florida Demo- 
crat." semi-weekly. This is the j.rincipal port and cily in 
Florida, and h:\s considerable irade. Cn 3oth June, 1S50, 
the total tonnage uf it^ district was 1.794 tons, of which 
1.221 tons Were registered and permanent, and 573 tons en- 
rolled and licensed ; 496 tons perniaiuiUly, and 77 tons li- 
censed under 20 tons. The latter was entirely employed 
in the coasting trade. During the >ear pn-vious Ihe total 
of clearances for foreign poris was 7—1.-3:? txms; total of 
entrances, do., 2.337 tons— all of wliieh (9) were American 
vesi>els. Vessels built <luring the year. 2 schooners — SO tons. 
The project of a railroad to Monigi'tmry, .lA/., has long 
been agitated. Pop. aljoiit 2,lu4. 

About 6 m. below liie city, and 5 in. from the entrance of 
the harbor, is the U. S. Navy Yard, covering nearly SO 
acres of ground, incio.scd by a hiiih briek wall. It contains 
houses for the ofiicers, store-housi-s. ln>at-hoiises, etc., ail of 
which are oniltof tirick and tastefully arrauired. Here is also 
a dry dock capable of receiving the largest vessels. Outside 
of the yard are about 25 collages and a CalboUc church. 
A mile and a half below the navy \ard are B;irriinca3 Bar- 
racks and the Naval Hospital. At the entrance of th*^ har- 
bor are forts Pickens and M'Bee. on Foster's and St. Rosa's 
islands, and on the latter island is a light-house. See Ligut- 

IIOUSES. 

Pknsacola, p. T., Leake co., J//\,9, .• 41 m. N. E. Jacksf)D. 

Pknsacola bay, Flor. : sets up from tlie (iulf of Mexico 
in the N. W. i>art of Florida. It is of irregular firm, con- 
sisting of three parLs. The W. arm, called Escambia bay, 
is about 11 111. long antl 4 in. broad, jiu<l receives Escambia 
r. from the N. The N. E. arm is called Yellow Water bay, 
is about the size of Escambia bay, and receives Yellow 
Water r. ; its more N. part is called Black Water bay, aud 
receives Black Water r. and other creeks. The S. part of 
the bay, extending E. 7 m.. is called E:;»t bay ; it is entirely 
sheltered from the winds and adinils the largest frigates. 
Its entrance is about three quarters of a mile wide, ami is 
well defended. There is a depth of 22 feet of water on the 
bar at low tide. 

pENTitESs, p. o., Monongalia 00., Virg.: 209 m. N. W. 
Richmond. 

Peola Mills, p. o., Madison county, Virg.: 76 in. N.W. 
Kichmond. 

pKOLi. p. 0., Tuscarawas county, Ohio: SI m. E. N. E. 
Columbus. 

Peoria county. lU. Situate N. W. centrally, and con- 
tains 645 SQ. in. Drained by Spoon r. and Copperas and 
Kickapoo creeks, tributaries of Illinois r., which forms its 
ea^^tern bound.iry. Surface rolling; soil furtite, consisting 
principally of a deep mold, with clay intermixed. Chief 
protiuetions wheat and Indian cnm. A large quantity of 
pork is exported, and it has some good timber-land. Farms 
1,191; nianuf. 134; dwell. 3.036, and pop.— wh. 17.461, fr. 
col. SG — total 17,547. C'lpttal: Peoria. Public Wvfka: 
Peoria and Oqnawka R. R. 

Peoria, p. v., and cap, Peoria CO., W. : on the right bank 
oflllinois r., at the foot of Peoria lake, 61 m. N. Springfield. ■ 
It is 193 m. above the mouth of the Illinois, and occupies 
two terraces— the fir>t a quarter of u mile broad and from 
6 to 12 feet above high water ; Ihe second 6 or S feet higher, 
and extending back to the !>Iu!Ts, which are about SO feet 
high. It is the shipping port for a lar>:e amount of grain 
and other products of Ihe fertile region on every side of it, 
with which it has an extensive trade. It h;\s also valuable 
manufactures, which are receiving increased attention. It 
contains a court-house, jail, an incorporated academy, a 
bank, about 50 stores and wareliouses, several steam-mills 
and factories, and 5.r<62 inhabitanis- Two weekly papers 
are published, the " P. Democratic Press" and the "P. Uc- 

665 



PEO 



PER 



publican" (whig). Tlie " P. Motto," a religious and statis- 
tical journal, is issued semi-quarterly. A niilroail will pass 
through it from Bloomington, on the Illinois Central K. E., 
to some point on the Mississippi. 
Peoeia, p. o., Wjoming CO., JV. Y. : 229 m. W. Albany. 
Peoeia, p. v., Franklin county, Jnil. : 6S m. E. S. E. 
InJianapolis. 

Peoi:ia lake. III.: is an expansion of Illinois r. between 
Peoria and Woodford counties, commencing at Chillicolho, 
and extending 20 m. to Peoria. In some parts it is 4 m. 
wide, but at the "Narrows," 5 m. above Peoria, it is con- 
tracted to the usual width of the river, and tlien again 
widens. The water is clear, with gravelly bottom, has a 
Blow current, and abounds with various Icinds of lish. Most 
of the E. shore is low and swampy, but on the W. side are 
high bluflfs. 
Peoeiatille, p. v., Peoria co.. 111. : 65 m. N. Springfield. 
Pepacton, p. v., Delaware co., A' Y. : on Pcpactoa r., 
69 m. S. W. by W. Albany. 

l'f.pix lake : is an expansion of the Mississippi r., between 
■Wisconsin and Minnesota, about 24 m. long, terminating at 
mouth of Chippewa r., from 2 to 4 m. wide. Its shores are 
for the most part high precipitous rocks, of which the 
" Maiden's P.ock" is 500 feet high. 

Peppkeell, t, p. v., and sta., Middlesex Co., Mass. : on 
the N. line of the State and W. side of Nashua r., 85 m. 
N. V>. by W. Boston. Drained by a branch of the Nashua, 
which supplies mill-sites. Surface uneven, except on the 
Blrrams ; soil fertile. Manufacturing of various kinds are 
curried on. The Peterboro' and Shirley li. li. passes on the 
S. and the Worcester and Nashua R. P. on the E. border. 
The sta. is 9 m. S. W. of Naslma on the latter. The v. con- 
tains an academy. Pop. of 1. 1,7.'>4. 

Peppee's Feeet, p. o., Pulaski co., Ttrg. ; on New r., 
172 m. W. by S. P.ichmond. 

Pequannock creek, Jf. Jer. : rises in Wayawanda and 
WallkiU mountains, Sussex county, tlows S. K. an.l S., anil 
enters Passaic r. Below Pomplon v. it is called Pompton r. 
Its current is rapid, affording good w.atcr-powcr. 

Pequot, p. v., Calumet co., in'se. ; on the E. side of Win- 
nebago lake, 84 m. N. E. Madison. 

PEEcn RivEtt, p. c, Jefferson county, A': Y: 142 m. 
N. W. by W. Albany. 

Percy's Ceeee, p. 0., Wilkinson co., Miss. : 95 m. S. W. 
Jackson. 

PERnino river and bay, Ala. and Flor. : the boundary 
line between these States, about 40 m. long. The bay is 
shallow and its entrance obstnicted by sandbars. 

Peeis's Mii.es, p. v., Clermont co., Ohio : on the E. branch 
of Little Miami r., S3 m. S. W. Columbus. 

Peekixs' Geove, p. o., Bureau co., HI.: 124 m. N. by E. 
Springfield. 

Peekinsttlie, p. v., Madison co., Intl.: on the W. fork 
of White r., 2S m. N. N. E. Indianapolis. 

Peekiksville, p. v., Burke co.. A"; Cm: : on Wilson's cr., 
a N. tributary of Catawba r., 166 in. W. by N. Haleigh. 

Peekissville, p. T., Goochland county, Virg.: 83 m. 
"W. N. W. Eichmond. 

PEEKI^svILlE, p. v., Windsor co., Vei-m. : on Black r., 
64 m. S. by E. Monlpelier. It contains an academy and 
• several manufactories. 

Pebkiomen river, rervn. : rises in S. E. corner of Lehigh 
county, flows S. through Montgomery county, and enters 
Schuylkill r., 6 m. W. Norristown. It affords good waU-r- 
power, as also its tribuUu'ies. 

Peekiomes Beidge, p. o., Montgomery co., rmn. : 74 ra. 
E. Ilarrisburg. 

Peeote, p. 0., Ashland county, Oliio : 6S m. N. N. i.. 
Columbus. 

Peeqoimans county, X. Car. Situate N. E., and- con- 
tains 172 sq. m. Drain .-d by Perquimans and Little rivers, 
both of which discharge their waters into Albemarle Sound 
m the S. Surface low and level ; soil fertUe where capable 
6G6 



of cultivation, and very productive. Staples, cotton, wheat, 
and Indian corn. Farms 5(i5; nianuf. 21 : dwell. SIS, and 
pop.— wh. 3,629, fr. col. 450, si. 3,252— total 7,331. Capital: 
Hertford. 

Peeeixe, p. 0., Mercer county, Pctil ; 185 m. W. N. W. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Peeeineville, p. v., Monmouth co., A'". Jer. : 17 m. E. 
Trenton. 

Peeeestos, t and p. 0., Monroe county. A"; Y. : 1S2 m. 
W. by N. Albany. Drained by Irondequoit cr. Surface 
slightly uneven; soil fertile, and very productive of wheat, 
the growing of which is the leading business. The Roch- 
ester and Syracuse (direct) R. E. and the Erie Canal cross 
the town ; on the latter is the village of Fairport, 17 m. E. 
Rochester. Pop. 2,S91. 

Peeev county, Ala. Situate W. centrally, and contains 
934 sq. m. Catawba r., a tributary of Alabama r., passes 
through it centrally, by which and its branches it is drained, 
and also by branches "of Black Warrior r. Surface varied ; 
soil fertile and well adapted to cotton, which it produces in 
large quantities, and which forms the chief article of com- 
merce ; it also produces good crops of wheal and Indian 
corn. It has some good timber-land, and Sue pasturage 
for cattle. Farms 1.066 ; manuf. 21 ; dwell. 1,332, and pop. 
— wh. S,.342, fr. col. 26, si. 13.917— total 22,2S5. Capital : 
Marion. Public n'orks: Selma and Tennessee River 
Railroad. 

Pekey county. Art. Situate centrally, and contains 534 
sq. m. Drained by La Fave r., tiibutary of Arkansas r., 
which forms its N. E. and N. bounilary. Surface umdulat- 
ing : soil fertile, and well adapted to grain. Timber is found 
on" the land, and it contains fine coal beds. Farms 75; 
nianuf. 2; dwell. 154, aii.l pop.— wh. 957, fr. col. 6, si. 15— 
total 978. CapiUd: Perry ville. 

Peeey county. III. Situate toward the S.. and contains 432 
sq. m. Drained by St. Mary's r. and by Big Beaucoup and 
Little Muddy creeks. Surface even ; soil fertile, and adai>t- 
ed to corn. About one-third of the land is prairie. Farms 
633; manuf. 7; dwell. 967, and pop.— wh. 5,267, fr. col. 11 
—total 5,278. Capital: Pickueyville. PuUic Works: Il- 
linois Central P.. E. 

Peert county, Ind. Situate S., and contains SS7 sq. m. 
Drained by Deer, Oil, and Anderson's creeks, which flow 
into the Oliio r., the boundary of the county on the South. 
Surface in general hilly and broken, but along the Ohio and 
Anderson are some level tracts; soil moilerately fertile. 
Chief productions wheat, Indian corn, and tobacco. Tim- 
ber is found on the land of excellent quality. Farms .W) ; 
manuf. 14; dwell. 1,231, and pop.-wh. 7,259, fr. col. 9- 
total 7,268. Capital: Troy. 

Peeev county, Ky. Situate S. E., and contains S15 sq. m. 
Drained by North and Middle forks of Kentucky r. Sur- 
face uneven, and diversifled with fertile hills au.l valleys ; 
soil productive, and there is much fine grazing land m the 
county Wheat and Indian corn are produced. It is bound- 
ed on the N. by Laurel Mountain. Farms 396 : manuf. ; 
dwell. 471, and pop.-wh. 2,972, fr. col. 8, si. 117-totja 3,092. 
Capital: Perry. , , „ 

Peeev county. Miss. Situate S. toward the E., and con- 
tains 1,080 sq. m. Drained by Black and Leaf creeks and 
their branches, all tributaries of Pascagoula r. Surface 
slightly broken ; soil indifferent, and is thickly covered with 
pine timber. There is fine pasture for cattle, etc. Chief 
productions rice and cotton. Farms 1:U : luaiiuf. ; dw.ll. 
265, and pop.-wh. 1,079, fr. col. 10, si. 749-totaI 2,488. 
Capital: Augusta. 

Peeev county, P«in. Situate S. centrally, niid contama 
.574 sq. m. Susquehanna r. forms its E. boundary, and by 
its principal tributary, Juniata r. and other streams, it is 
drained Surface much broken and mountainous: soil a 
fine deep vegetable mold, and very fertile. Chi.-f produc- 
tions wheat, Indian corn, and pol.itoes. It has some good 
coal beds, and contains a medicinal si.ring which discharges 



PER 



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warm water an'l is useful in many disoniers. Farms 1,45(5 ; 
manuf. 232 ; dwell. 3,41'2, ami pop.— wh. 10,953, fr. col. 135 
— total 20,(JSS. Capital: New Bloomfleld. Public Works: 
Pennsylvania li. K. and Pennsylvania Canal. 

Pebby county, Mo. Situate toward the S. E., and con- 
tains 452 sq. m. Drained by several small streams, aflliients 
of the Mississippi, and which in their course supply good 
water-power. Surface varie<I. risinij toward the E., and 
terminating in Jiigh land on the Mississippi; soil fertile and 
very productive. Minerals abound, and there are some 
good coal beds. It contains some fine limber-land. Farms 
743; manuf. 35; dwell. 1,111, and pop.— wh. 6,395, fr. col. 
2G, si. 794— total 7.215. Capital : Perry ville. 

p£BnT county, Ohio. Situate toward the S. E., and con- 
tains 414 sq. ni. Drained by aflltienta of Muskingum and 
Iloeking rivers. Surface hilly and broken; soil fertile. 
Chief productions wheat, Indian com, and tobacco. Pine 
and other timber is found on the land. Farms 1,314; manuf. 
25; dwell. 3,oST, and pop.— wh. 20.746, fr. col. 29— total 
20,775. Cajiital : Somerset. Public Works: Scioto and 
Hocking Valley Fv. K. ; Cincinnati, Wilmington and Zanes- 
viile K.V.. 

Perry county, Tt^nn. Situate S. "W. centrally, and con- 
tains S70 sq. ni. Drained by Teimessee r. and its branches, 
the principal being EufTalo r. Surface level; soil fertile. 
Clnef productions wheat. Indian corn, and tobacco. Farms 
45S; manuf. 4; dwell. 927, and pup.— wh. 5,504, fr. col. 4, 
si. 314— total 5,S22. Capital: Linden. 

Pef.by, p. v.. and cap. Houston eo., Ga. : on Mossy cr., a 
"VV. branch of the Ocmultjee, 53 m. S. W. by S. Milledge- 
ville. It contains a court-house, jail, 2 academies, a dozen 
stores, and about 700 inhabitants. 

Perbt, p. v., Pike co., ///. ; about S m. W. of the Illinois, 
59 m. W. Springfi.-ld. 

Pe'kry, p. v., Allen CO., Ind.: on a W. bmneli of Cedar 
or., 112 m. N.U. E. Indianapolis. A plank-ruad leads S. to 
Fort Wayne. 

Pbery. p. v., and cap. Perry cj.\, Kij. : on Kentucky r., 
115 m. S. E. by E. Frankfort. It contains a court-house, 
several stores, and 200 inhabitants. 

Perry, t. and p. v., Wiuihington cc, Me.: on Passama- 
quoddy bay, 142 m. E. by N. Aui;iista. On the S. is Cobs- 
cook bay. A bridge connects it with Eastport, 5 m. S. E. 
It has great facilities for the coasting trade and fisheries, 
■which, with boat-building and the lumber business, are ex- 
tensively carried on. Pop. of t. 1,324. 

Pebey, t. and p. v., Wyoming co., 3' Y. : 211 m.W. by N. 
Albany. Drained by the outlet of Silver lake, which af- 
fords excellent water-power. Surface undulating ; soil loam, 
mixed witli sand and clay, and highly productive of grass 
and grain. The v. is on the outlet, and extensively engaged 
in manufactures. It contains an academy, several furnaces, 
flouring and other mills and factories, and about 1,200 in- 
babiuints. Pop. of t. 2,S32. 

Perry, t., p. o., and sta.. Lake co., Ohio : on Lake Erie, 
15:5 m. N. E. by N. Columbus. The Cleveland and Erie 
It. K. crosses it, and has a station 6 m. E. of Fainesville. 
Pop. 1.131. 

Perky, p. o., Venango co., Pe}>)>. : 173 m. N. W. by W. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Perry, t. and p. o., Shiawassee co., Midi. : 19 m. E. by N. 
Lansing. Drained by Looking-glass r. and its branches. 
Surface mostly level ; soil fertile prairie. Pop. 313. 

Perry Centre, p. v.. Wyoming county, jV. I'.: 214, m. 
W. by N. Albany. A literary institution, called the Perry 
Cenire Insli'ute, is eslablished here, 

Perrymansvili.e, p. v. and sta., Harford co.^Md.: on 
the W. side of lUish r., 34 m. N. N. E. Annapolis. The sta. 
Is 27 m. E. of lialtiniore, on the Philadt-lphia, Wilmington, 
and Baltimore 11. K. 

pK.RRvoi'OMs, p. v.. Fayette co., Penn.: on the W. side 
of Youghiogeny r., 147 m. W. by S. Ilarrisburg. The river 
affords power for Bcvixal, factories and mills. The v. con- 



tains several stores and about 600 inhabitants. The '• P 
Clarion" (dem.) is published weekly. 

Perry's ISridce. p. o,. Vermillion par., La. : on Vermillion 
river, about 20 m. N. of Vermillion bay, 05 m. S. W. by W. 
Baton llouire. 

PEKRYsnuRc, p. v., Miami co., ImL : 76 m. N. Indian,ipolis. 
A plank-road leads 12 m. S. In I'cru. 

pEURYSBrRG, t and p. o., Cattaraugus co., N. Y,: 202 m. 
W. by S. Albany. Drained by affluents of Cattaraugus cr., 
ils N. boundarj'. Surface broken arid well limbered; soil 
gravelly or clayey, and best adapted to grazing. Popula- 
tion 1.S62. 

pEBRYSBURO, t.. p. V., and cap. W'^'^d co., Ohio : on the 
right bank of Maumee r.. Ill ni. N. N.AV. ("ohnnlms. Sur- 
face mostly level; soil sandy, and of average fertility. The 
village, occupying a commanding eminence at the head of 
steamboat navigation, IS m. above the mouth of the river, 
has a cornmodious wharf and harbor, and a gfmd share of 
lake trade. It contains a court-house, jail, several steam 
mills and large warehouses, 30 stores, and 1.199 inhabit- 
ants. The ''Fort Meig's Keveille" (whig) is published 
weekly. The proposed railroad from Fort Wayne to San- 
dusky City will pass through it. Pop. of v. 1,199, and of 
town.l.7S0. 

Perry's Corxer, p. 0., Duchess county, *V. Y. : 53 m. S. 
Albany. 

Perry's Cross Roads, p. o., Edgefield district. S. Car.: 
about 2 m. S. of Saluda r., 41 m. W'. by N. Colundua. 

Perry's Mills, p. v., Tatnall co., Ga.: on the N. side of 
Alatamaha r., near the mouth of Cobb's cr., 9S m. S. E. by S. 
Milledgeville. It contains a grist and saw mill, n store, and 
several dwellings, and was for a time th'^ county seat. 

Perry's Mills, p. v., Clinton co., K. Y. : on Ch:izy river, 
1 m. S. of the Canada line, 7 m. W. of Lake CIiamj>lain, 
153 ni. N. Albany. It contains several mills and about 400 
inhabitants. 

Perrysvillr, p. v.^ Vermillion county, Tnd. : on the W. 
bank of the Wabash, 07 m. W. N. W. Indianapolis. It has 
several mill-sites, and a good trade in the slajiVs of the 00., 
which arc shipped here by the Wabash and Erie Canal, a 
side-cut of whieli crosses the river. It contains a dozen 
stores and 742 inhabitants. The " P. Eagle" is published 
weekly. 

PERRYSvn.LE, p. v., Alleghany co., Penn. : 4 m. N. of 
Ohio r., 163 m. W. by N. Ilarrisburg. 

Perbysvtlle, sta., Juniata co., Pe/m. ; on the E. division 
of the Pennsjlvania E. P.. 15 m. E. Lewjstown. 

Peruysville, p. V . Washington co., li. I. : 81 m. S. S.W. 
Providence. 

Perkyton, p. v., Licking county, Ohio : 42 m. E. N. E. 
Columbus. 

Perrytox, p. v., Mercer county, III. : about 2 m. N. of 
E.lward's r.. 115 m. N. W. by N. Springfi.-ld. 

Perryville. p. v.. Perry county, Jla. : about 7 ra. E. of 
Cahawba r., 52 m. W. N. W. Montgomery. 

Perryville, p. v., and cap. Perry co.. Ark. : on La Fave 
river, a W. branch of Arkansas r., 34 m. W, N. W. Little 
Pock. It contains a few stores and the co. buildings. 

Perryville, p. v., Boyle county, Ay..' 3S m. S. by W. 
Frankfort. It contains an academy, several stores, and 
about 500 inhabitants. 

Perryville, p. v. and sta., Cecil co.. Md. : nn the E. side 
of Susquehanna r., .and on the Philadelphia. Wilmington and 
Baltimnre It. E., 3S in. E. of Baltimore, 4S m. N. E. by N. 
Anniipolis. 

Prbbvville. p. v., and cap. Perry co.. 3lo.: m. W. of 
the Mississippi. 135 m. E. S. E. Jefferson City. It contains 
the CO. buildings, several stores, and 300 inhabitants. 

Perbyvii-lk. p. v., Hunterdon co., K.Jer. : at the E. base 
of Museonehcong Mountain, 29 m. N. N. W. Trenton. 

Perryville, p. v., Madison eo.. A''. >'. ; on a S. affluent 
of Oneida lake, 105 m. W. by N. Albany. It contams sev- 
eral mills and about 400 inhabitants. 

607 



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PET 



Pf.i:f.yvilt.e, p. v., Ashlaii'i en., Ohio: nii Black lurk of 
Mohiccari cr., 5^ m. X. N. K. Columbus. 

Prkuyvii.lr, p. v., Mifflin county, Peini.: 47 m. N. "W. 
n:irri8biirg:. A fVirnnce of l,8ii0 tons capacity is locak'd here. 

Pekryvillk. p. v., Decatur co., T&nn. : on tlie left lianU 
of Tennessee r., 76 m. S. W. by "W. Nashville. Previous to 
the en'ction of Decatur co. from Perry, it was the capiliil 
of ilic Iiitter. It has nn extensive traUe in the exports or tlie 
surrounding district, which here find a convenient sliip- 
ping place, and contains several stores and a popiilaliou of 
alMiut 400. 

Peksifer. p. o., Knox CO., HI. ; 3 m.W. of Spoon r., S2 m. 
N. N. W. Spriniifleld. 

Peesim.mos Cheek, p. o., Cherokee co., K. Cur. : 323 m. 
W. by S. Ralei«:h. 

Pei!Son county, i^l Car. Situate N., and eonlains400 8q. m. 
Drained by branches of Dan and Keusi? rivers. Surface 
level ; soil moderately fertile, and ad:ipted to grain and 
grazing. Chief productions, wheal, cotton, and tol)acco. 
Tarnis 6S4; msnut". 17 ; dwell. 1,070. and pop. — wh. 5.590, 
fr. col. 295, si. 4.S93— total 10.77S. Capitid : Roxborough. 

Perth. L and p. o., Fulton county, A'. }'. ; 33 m. N. "W. 
Albany. Surface rolling; soil clayey loam. Farming and 
grazing are the leading pursuits. Pop. 1.140. 

Perth Amuov, p. city, and port of entry, Middlesex co,. 
N.Je}\: at the head of liaril^in bay, and confluence of 
Karitan r. with Arthur kill, or Siaten Island Sound, 32 m. 
K. E. by E. Trenton. It has a spacious harbor, with 24 
feet of water in the main channel, and easily accessible. It 
was laid out in 169S, and chartered as a city in 1784. The 
compact portion is chiefly on the bank of the kill, over 
which a ferry plies to Staten Island. It contains an acade- 
my, a manufactory of locks, mechanical implements, etc., 12 
or 15 stores, and 1,S65 inhabitants. Tonnage of the district 
in ISoO (which includes the E. coast of the State from Eliza- 
belhtown to Little Egg Harbor). 22,0S5 tons; all except 13 
tons engaged in the coasting trade. 

Pkru, p. v., and cap. Mianu co,, Ind. : on the N. bank of 
the Wabasii, G7 m. N. Indianapolis. It contains a court- 
house, jail, academy, bank, 20 or 25 stores and warehouses, 
several mills, and 1.2C6 inhabitants. Th-- *' Miami County 
Sentinel" is issued weekly. It lies on the "Wabash and Erie 
Canal, 60 m. W. of Fort Wayne, and the same distance E. 
of Lafayette, and is the shipping place of a rich district, with 
which it has a brisk and increasing trade. It is the northern 
terminus of the Peru and Indianapolis U. K.. which will be 
extended to connect with the Northern Indiana R. 11., and 
is intersected here by the projiosed Wabash Valley li. li., 
which, passing through Fort Wa.vne and Lafayette, forms a 
link in the connectif)n of Toledo with St, Louis, 

Pep.i:, t. and p. v., Oxford county. Me. : on the S. side of 
Amlroscoggin r., 34 m. W. by N. Augusta. Drained by 
affluents of the r., fed by several ponds. Surface uneven; 
soil fertile. Pop. of 1. 1,109. 

Peru, p. v., La Salle county, TIL: on the N. bank of tlie 
Illinois, at the head of navigation, 269 m. above its mouth, 
105 m. N. by E. Springfield. It is 1 m. below La Salle, the 
termiims of the Illinois and Michigan Canal, and forms with 
it one continuous v. along the r., on which are the commer- 
cial houses, the residences occupying the high bluffs imme- 
diately back of it. The chief business is shipping the great 
staples by river and canal, but a large trade is kept up with 
the back country, with all parts of which it has. or soon will 
have, easy communication. A rich and highly cultivated 
alluvi-il island lies in front of it, with a channel between 
that floats the largest steamers, and from which a lateral 
branch leads to Ihe canal. Its favorable position for com- 
merce has given it its chief importance, and nuist e\ entunlly 
make it one of the first cities in the State. It has a iLiily 
communication with St. Louis and the immediate ports l>y 
packets and steamers. an<t with Chicago by canal and the 
Chicago anil lloek Islam! 1*. E., which also connects it with 
the Upper Mississippi; and the Central Illinois E. E., which 
6133 



here crosses the r., will bring to it the tra<le and products of 
rich districts N. and S. of it The *• La S. Co. DeiiKK-ral" and 
the '-P. Telegraph*' are puldished weekly. Distance to 
Chicago 100 m., the same by railroad and canal. Popula- 
tion about 3,000. 

Peru, t, and p. v., Berkshire county, J/^/.w, ; 103 m. W. 
Boston. Surface elevated and mountainous. It occupies 
the highrst land between the Connecticut and Hudson. Soil 
adapted chiefly l\.r grazing, which is the leading interest 
Pop. 519. 

pKRg,t. andp. v., Clinton CO., i^. K.-on Lake Ch.nmplain, 
124 m. N. Albany. Drained by Lillle Au Saide and Salmon 
rivers, « hieli supply numerous mill-sites. Surface in the E. 
gently inclining U.the lake; in the W. is the Au Sable range 
of hills; soil chiefly sandy or clayey loam, and very fertile. 
It is heavily timbered, and has good landings on the lake at 
the mouth of Little Au Sable r. and at Port Jackson, 2 m. 
further N. The v. is on the Little Au Sable, 4 m. W. of Iho 
lake, and containsaeveral factories and mills and about 1,000 
inhabitants. Pop. of t. 3,1)40. 

pERtJ. t. and ji. v., Huron county, Ohio: 83 m. N. by E. 
Columbus. Drained by Huron r. and branches, which sup- 
ply good mill-sites. Surface varied; soil very fertile and 
highly cultivated. The v., on the E, branch of the r., con- 
tains several flouring and saw mills and about 500 inhabit- 
ants. The Samiusky, Mansfield, and Newark E. E. passes 
on the W. bordi.^r of the t. Pop of t 1,632. 

Peru, L and p. o., Bennington co., Verm. : 74 m. S, by "W. 
Montpelicr. The Green Mountains pass through it. and 
give rise to streams flowing in all directions. It is well 
wooded, and grazing is the leading pursuit. Pop. 567. 

Peru Mills, p. o., Juniata co., Pemi.: 37 m. W. N. W. 
Ilarrisburg. 

pERUviLLE, p. v., Tompkins county, i\': Y. : 131 nj. W. 
Albany. It contains several mills ami 300 inhabit^mts. 

Pesutego river. Um-. ; in N. E. part of Oconto county, 
flows mainly in S. E. corner, receiving numerous tribu- 
taries, and enters Green bay below the mouth of Meno- 
raonee river. 

Petaula, p. o., Eandolph co., On. : on Petaula cr., a 
branch of Chattjihoochee r., 142 m. S. W. by W. Milledge- 
ville. 

Peterboro', p. v., Madison co., K. Y. ;9? m. "W. Albany. 
It contains a half-dozen stores and 400 inhabitants. 

pETERHoito', t. and p. v., Hillsboro' county, N. Uamp.: 
.32 m.S.W. Concord. Drained by Contoocook r. and branches, 
which afford superior water-power. Surface broken; soil 
very fertile. On the streams are excellent meadows, antl 
several cotton an<l woolt-n factories and mills of various 
kinds. Iron ore is found and wrought with success. Tlie 
V. is on the r., and contains an academy and several stfires 
and mills. The " Contoocook Transcript'' (neut.) is pub- 
lished weekly. Pop. of L 2.222. 

Petersburg, p. v,, Elbert co., Ga. : at the confluence of 
Savannah and Broad rivers, 79 m. N. E. by N. Milledgeville. 
A thriving v. with a valuable trade, growing ma nufac lures* 
and a pojmlation of 400. 

Petersburg, p. v., and cap. Menard county, IV. : on the 
Sangamon, IS m. N. W. Springfii-ld, It ct-nlains a courts 
house, jail, several stores aud mills, and a population of 
about 600. 

Petersrurg, p. v., and cap. Pike co., Tnd. : 1 m. S. of 
"White r.. 5 m. below the Junction of its E. and AV. forks, 
103 m. W. by S. Indianapolis. It occupies an elevated plain 
on the E. side of Pride's er., and the heart of a fertilo 
district, through which the Wabash and l-'rie Canal passes, 
2 ni. W. <pf it. It eoia-iins a eourl-house, jail, a dozen stores, 
and about "00 inhabitants. 

Pf-tersburg, p. v., Boone co., K>j. : on the Ohio. 56 m. N. 
Frankfort. It occupies the site of an Indian burying grv)und. 
Many remains of the aborigines have been Pmnd here, and 
ne.ir the v. are extensive fortifications in good preservation. 

Petersburg, sta., Iluntingdonfto., Pmin. : on the N. aida 



PET 



PHI 



of Jmiintar.,S ni. by Pennsylvania li. li., and 7 lu. by canal 
N. W. uf lluniingilon. 

Petkk^uubu, sta., Monroe co., Mk-h.: on the S. s'nie »'f 

Kaisinr.,20ni. \V. of Minnie by the Muhigan Soutliern U. II. 

I'hTBnsuLF.o. p. v., and cap. Lavaet-a cutiiity, '/'<y. .' on 

Lavaooa r., 77 in. S. K- Austin Cily. It contains the cimnly 

buil'Iinga and several stores and dwellimja. 

Peihrsburo, t. and p. v., Ken&*e!aer co.. X. Y. : 21 in. 
E. N. E. Albany. iJraincil by Litlle llunsie cr., on wliich 
U a fertile valley running N. and S. ; elsewhere the surface 
ia much broken, atul soil lltlLd Inr grazhig. The v. la on the 
cr., and contains several mills. P"p. of I. l.yiiS. 

Petkiisburo, p. o., Capo May county, ^.V. Jer. : 66 m. S. 
Trenton. 

PETERsnuria, p. v., Malioninir co., o/iio: near the E. 
line of IheSt.ale, 141 m. E. N. E. Columbus. 

PETERsDL'ica. p. V., Linoolu CO., Tt/tn.: 06 m. S. by E. 
Nashville. 

Petersburg, p. b. and port of entry, Dinwiddle cfmnfy, 
Vifff. : on S. brancii of Appomattox r., 12 m. above its con- 
fluence wilh James r., 22 ni. S. by E. Kiclimond. Lat. N. 
37^ 13' M", long. W. 77"^ 20'. The r. is navigable to Ihis 
place for vessels of liiO tons, and the falls immediately above 
it afford extensive water-power A canal is cut nmnd these 
falls, thus affording boat navigation upon the river above 
lor SO m. This is a very handsome and iniimrtant com- 
mercial town, and exports largely tlnur and tobacco. It 
Buffered most severely in July, 1S15, by a conflagration, 
which destroyed 4iii> buildings, and property estimated at 
$2,00il.(t00. Tlie buildings and houses are now built prin- 
cipally of brick. It contains a courl-hnuse, jail.S churches, 
S banks with aggregate capital of $1,170,000, insurance 
office, etc. Ttiere are several cotton and woolen factories, 
flouring and saw mills, ropewalks, and some other matm- 
faotorios. Two newspapers are pulilislied daily, "P. in- 
telligencer" (whig), ''Daily News" (neul.); 1 tri-weekly, 
" South Side Democrat." Four railroads now centre at P., 
giving it great business advantages, viz.. IJichniond and 
Petersburg U. R.. Petersburg 11. II. (to AVeldoii), South Side 
K. K., Appomattox It. R. (to City Point.) The Pet.-rsburg 
and Norfolk R. li. is in construction. The stramships ply- 
ing semi-weekly between New York and liichmond, and 
others. c*»iinect wilh Petersburg by A|ipomatlo.\ R. R. from 
City Point. On 30ih June, IS.'jO, the total tonnage of P. 
district was 2.7uS tons, of which Jl-Ii) Ions were registered 
(and permanent), and 1,759 tons enrolled and licensed. Of 
the latter, l.tWl tons were permanendy employed in the 
coasting trade. SO tons in steam uavigaiion ; licensed under 
20 tons in coasting trade, 7S) tons. During the year prcced- 
in<', the total of clearances for foreign countries was 5 — 1.040 
tons ; total of entrance-s, do., 9— :i,517 tons. I'op. in 1830, 
S,322 ; in 1S40, 11,136 : in ISoO, 14.010. 

pETEusuUBo Four Corners, p. v., Rensselaer co., K Y. : 
23 m. E. N. E. Albany. 

Petehs' Cheek, p. o., Barren co., 10/. : on an E. branch 
of Big Barren r., luG m. S. W. by S, Frankfort. 

Petki!s' Cr.EBK, p. o., Stokes county, ^V. Car.: 102 m. 
N. "W. by W. Raleigh. 

pETEEsnAM. t. and p. v., Worcester co.. Musx. : 59 m. 
"W. by N. Worcester. Drained by brandies of Swift r., 
alTording numerous mill-seats. Surface high and somewliat 
broken; soil good, especially for grass. A farming atid 
grazing t, containing numcroussmall manulactorics. Popu- 
lation 1,.")27. 

Petei'..stown, p. v., Monroe cf)., Virff. : on Rich cr., 2 m. 
N. of New r., Iv2 ni. W. by S. RichmoinL On the cr., in 
the vicinity, are several mills and small factories. 

PETEiwvn.i.E, p. v.. Frcilerick co., M<L: 3 m. N. of the 
Potomac, 62 m. W. N. W. Annapolis. Petersville and dis- 
trict contains 2.351 inliabitants. 

Petebsviixk, p. v., Nortliami>ton co., Penu. : ori- Ilocken- 
docque creek, an E. ailluent of Lehigh river, 79 rn. E, N. E. 
Ilarrisburg. 



Petite Jeax, p. o.. Yell co., Ark. : 3 m. S. of Petite Jean 
r., 52 m. W. N. W. Litlle Roek. 

PETitA. p. o., Saline co., Mo. : 66 r». N. W. Jefferson City. 
Pettis county, J/.*. Situate W. centrally, and contains 
655 sq. m. Drained by S. fork of La Mm.- r, and other 
braTii-lus. Surface varied; in general it is level, and tliere 
is some fine prairie land; soil a (Inc ileep loam, and very 
productive. It has some good grazing land, and along tlie 
streams timber is abundant. FarmsSOO; m.anul". 16; dwell. 
714. and pop.— wh. 4 261. fr. col. 5. si. SS4— total .'i.loO. Ctqj- 
itiil : (jeorgt'town. i'uhlic Works: Paeiiic K. R. 
Petiy's, p. o., Lawrence co., Jll. : 127 m. S. E. Springfield. 
Pewackek, t. and p. o., Waukesha co., llV^e. ; 59 m. E. 
Madison. Drained by Pislitaka r. (called Fox r. in Illinois), 
into which flow the waters of a large lake l>ing in llie W. 
part. Surface even, and si>n excellent gra-^sand grain land. 
TheMilwaukic and Missis>ippi R. R. ero^ses it, and plank 
roads lead E. ami W. Poi>. 1,093. 

Peytona, p. o., Boone county, Virg.: 234 m. W. by N. 
Richmond. 

PE\TossBuito, P.O., Pittsylvania county, Virg.: 105 m. 
S. W. by W. Riclimond. 

I'eyto.n's Creek. ip. o., Smith co., Tisnn. : 4S m. E. by N. 
Nashville. 

Pevtonstille, p. v., Williarasun county, 7\nii.: 22 m. S. 
Nashville. 

Ph.vrisburg, p. v., Union county, Ohio: 35 miles N. W, 
Cohmibus. 

PuAUR'sMiLL.% p. o., Moore co., K C<tr.: 46 m.W. S.W. 
Raleigh. 

PuAR^^ALiA, t. and p. 0.. Chenango co., y. V. : 101 m. W. 
Albany. Drained by Otselic cr. and branches of Ch naiigo 
r. Surface broken; soil fertile loam. Farming and grazing 
are the chief pursuits. Pop. l.iss. 
Pheasant Br-vncii, p. o., Dane co., Wise. 
PnELi-s, t. and p. o., Ontario co., A\ i* .- 166 m. W. by N. 
Albany. Draitieil by Canandaigua outlet and Flint creek, 
whieh suj)ply fine water-power. Surface undulating; soil 
loam, overlying limislone, and very lertile. It eouiains au 
al)imdance of gypsum and water lime, and hirge maimlac- 
tories of flour, plaster, mechanics' implements, etc. The 
R'jchester and Syracuse R. R. passes llirough it, ami has a 
sta. 7 m. N. AV. Geneva. The p. o. is in the v. of Vienna. 
Poj). of t. 5,542. 

PuELi'S, t. and p. o., Ashtabida co., Ohio: 154 ni. X. E. 
Columbus. Drained by Miisi|uitoand Roek creeks, branehes 
respectively of Malioning and Craml rivers, which furnish 
water-power. Surlace elevated ; s-jil fertile and well tilbd. 
A superior farming town. 

PuEtrsToWN, t. anil p. o., Ingliam co., 3fi(/i. ; 12 m. E. 
Lans-ini:. Drained by Red Cedar r. Surface rolling :,nd 
well timbered. Soil easily tilled, and generally fertile. Pop- 
ul'jtioii 393. 

PuENix, p. v., Kent county, li. I. ; 15 miles S, by W. 
Providence. 

PniLAitELPHiA county, Peiin. Situate S. E., and contains 
120 sq. m. Drained by Schuylkill r, Wis-^abieken, Penne- 
pack, and Taeony creeks. On the N. E. is Peqiiasing, and 
on the S. W. Darby creek. The Delaware, the common 
recipient of tlie above, fornvs its S. E. boundary. Surlace 
generally level, but much varied ; soil fertile. Farms l,.')3(i ; 
manuf. 4.5>9; dwell. 61,278, and pop. — wh. 3-^'.',3J4, fr. col. 
19.435— total 4118,762. Cujuhd: Pliilad.-Iphia. Puhllo 
Work.'i : Philadelphia and C^olurnlna R. K. ; Reading and 
PotLsville R. R. ; Philadelphia. Norri>towii, and Cerman- 
town K. R. : Philadeliihia, Wilmington, ami Baltimore 
R. II.; Philadelphia and Westehesier R. R. ; New York 
and Philadelidiia R. R.. etc. 

PiiiLADEUMiiA, p. city, port of en[r\. and cap. Philadel- 
phia CO., Pifim.: is situated between the Delaware and 
Schu>lkill rivers. 5 in. above th-ir junction, 93 m. E. by S. 
Harri.ibiirg. From New York by most direct railroad, 
ij7 m. ; from Bost^Hi, 32^3 m. ; from Baltimore, 95 m. ; from 

CG9 



PHI 



PHI 



Wasliington, 130 m.; from, Ilarrlsburg, 106 m. ; from 
Pillsburg, 357 niiles. 

Latitude (Iruli-pcmlence Ilnll), 39° 5G' 59"; long, from 
GrcL-nwicli. 75° 9' M" W., from Washington, 1° ol' oG" E. 

Philadc'lplitn city proper is surruundt'd by several incor- 
porated districts, having their own municipal aiithoritiea; 
viz., Spring Garden, Penn, Northern Liberties, Kensington, 
and Richmond in tho N., and South\v;irk and Moyamensing 
in tlie S., "West Pliihidelplua, etc.. which together form a 
densely populated area, and are always embraced in the 
descriptions of the city. 

The city proper is situated on a plain, the highest point 
of which is elevated 64 feet above the ordinary high water 
mark in the river. This gentle elevation affords excellent 
drainage. The soil c/msists principally of clay, beneath 
which, at different depths, from 5 to '20 feet, is found coarse 
gravel. In lorni it is a parallelogram, 2 m. long by 1 ra. 
wide. Tbe streets are all straight, cross each other at right 
angles, are well paved, and kept remarkably clean. Ihe 
principal streets are, Market Street, loO feet wide, running 
E. and W. from river to river, nearly through tlie centre of 
the city ; Broad Street, 113 feet wide, running N. and S., a 
little W.oftiic middle of the city; ArchSireet, N. of Market 
Street, 66 feet wide; Front Street, 6lJ feet, and tiiu rest 5i^ 
feet wide. The adjoming districts arc for the most part laid 
out witli regularity. 

The buildings are chiefly of brick, built in plain and uni- 
form style. Some of the public edifices, of while marble and 
freestone, are distinguished for beauty and grandeur. The 
houses are generally on a uniform plan, 3 stories high, of 
brick, with marble steps and basements. Some of the more 
costly private residences are noted for their elegance. The 
pul)lie squares are laid out with much taste, ornamented 
with fine shade-trees, shrubbery, etc., ])rovided with seats, 
and are favorite promenades. The business portion of the 
city was originally on the Delaware side, but since the 
opening of the coal trade, and with the increase of popula- 
tion, the Sclmylkill side has acquired a large share of busi- 
ness, particularly ttiat of the coal trade, country produce, 
etc. The Schuylkill affords a convenient harbor for smalt 
vessels, and numerous wharves are built fur their aceoinmo- 
dation. The foreign commerce centres upon the Delaware, 
which is nearly 1 m. wide, admitting the largest vess(*ls to 
the wharves. Its navigation from the ocean is somewhat 
intricate from banks, shoals, etc., and in mid-winter is 
sometimes closed by ice. 

Public Buildings. — Independence Hall, within which the 
Colonial Congress on July 4th, 1T76. declared the independ- 
ence of the United States, read from its steps on that day to 
the assembled people, now presents the same appearance 
as at that time. This building, formerly the State House, 
fronts upon Chestnut Street, having Independence Square 
in the rear. It was commenced in 17*29, completed in 1734, 
cost £5,600, and received the addition of its two wings in 
1740. The present st^-eple, erected in 1S2S, is a fac-simile 
of the former, which was removed on account of its decay. 
The room in which the Declaration was signed is carefully 
preserved, nearly in the same styie of <iecoration with which 
it was originally finished. Tlie "old bell,'' imported in 
1T52, is also carefully preserved as a most interesting relic. 
It bears the following inscription: "Proclaim Liberty 
throughout this land to all the inhabitants iXwTi^oV— Leviti- 
cus XXV. 10. "Within this venerable ediHce was held the 
Convention which formed the Constitution of the United 
States, some of the first sessions of Congress, and here 
"Washington delivered his "Farewell Address," on his re- 
tirement from public life. The building is used by the 
U. S. courts and city and county offices. 

The Custom House, formerly the U. S. Bank, on Chestnut 
Street, above Fourth, is a splendid marble edifice, in imita- 
tion of the Parthenon at Athena, and one of the finest speci- 
mens of Doric architecture erected in modern limes. It wan 
commenced in 1519, comijictcd in 1S24, and cost |50O,0OO. 
670 



It is built upon a raised platfnrm, S7 feet front, 161 feet deep, 
and has fronts, each of S fluted Doric columns, 27 feet high, 
A\ feet in diameter, supporting a heavy entablature. It has 
a very splendid interior, of which the principal apartment, 
81 feet long by 4S wide, is ornamented by fluted Ionic 
columns and sculptured embellishments. 

The Merchants' Exchange, fronting on Walnut, Dock, 
and Thir<i streets, is a magnificent marble building, with 
semi-circnlar ])ortico of Corinthian columns. It is 95 feet 
wide, 114 feet long, and 3 stories high. The basement is 
occupied by the post-office and two insurance companies, 
and most of the building by commercial offices, etc. The 
Merchants' Reading Uoom is handsomely ornamented. 

The United States Mint, iu Chestnut, near Broad Street, 
is a handsome edifice of brick, faced with marble, in imita- 
tion of a Grecian temple of the Ionic order, having a portico 
62 feet long, supported by 6 beautiful pillars, 25 feet high, 
3 feet in diameter. 

Many of the banking houses are distinguished as beauti- 
ful specimens of arcliileeture. The Bank of Pennsylvania 
is a flne marble siruciure, 125 by 51 feet, erected 1799-lSOl, 
designed from tiie Temple of the Muses at Athens, having 
2 porticos of 6 Ionic columns each, with dome and roof en- 
tirely of marble. The Pliiladelphia Bank is an imposing 
marble buihting, wiih an elegant elevated portico of the 
Corinthian order. The Girard Bank has a stately front of 
white marble, with portico of 6 Curintliian columns. The 
Bank of North America is au elegant structure of brown 
stone in Florentine style. 

Hotels.— 'Yhe Girard House, erected 1S51, is the largest 
and finest hotel in the city, and one of the most extensive 
in the Union. It has a very handsome front on Chestnut 
Street, 5 stories in height, besides basement and attic 
There are other large and well-kept houses, but not noted 
for architectural beauty, etc 

Places of Amusement.— ThQ Chestnut Street Theatre, 
erected 1S22, is 90 by 150 feet, has a richly decorated interior, 
and will acconimfidate over 2,000 persons. "Walnut Street 
Tlieatre, formerly the Olympic, is now a very fashionable 
resort. The Arch Street Theatre is a very handsome edi- 
fice. The Musical I'und Hall, erected 1S24, is an elegant 
building. Its interior, 123 feet long by 60 feet wide, unsup- 
ported by columns, is one of the best halls for musical 
effect in the United States, seats 2.0i)0 persons, and is in 
constant use for concerts, lectures, balls, etc. The Philadel- 
phia Museum building is an immense structure, 238 feet 
long and 70 feet wide. 

United States Military and Karat EsthlishmenU.-^V oxi 
Mifflin, on a small island in the Delaware, li m. below the 
entrance of the Schuylkill, defends the city. The U. S. 
arsenal, near Frankford, is an immense establishment, used 
for the storage and manufacture of munitions of war, and 
has one of the largest powder magazines in the United States. 
The U. S. arsenal in Moyamensing near Sehuylkill r., is 
used as the dep^>t for the clothing of the army, camp equi- 
page, etc. The buildings consist of 4 large brick store- 
houses, 3 stories high, forming a hollow square. 

The U. S. navy yard is situated on the bank of Delaware 
r. in the district of Southwark. The grounds, inclosed on 8 
sides by a high briek wall, embrace about 12 acres, pur- 
cliascd in ISOl, f»»r $37,500 ; now assessed at $250,000. The 
various buildings are residences for ofBcer:!, quarters for 
marines, workshops and sl^trehouses, 2 ship-houses, mold- 
ing Itifts, etc. The ship-houses are among the largest in 
the Union ; the first is 270 feet long, 103 feet high, S4 feet 
wide ; the second is 210 feet long, SO feet high, 74 feet wide. 

Here are the U. S. dry docks, capable of raising the 
largest steam-vessels and ships of the line. These works, 
conslrucled iu 1849-51, at a total cost of $813,742, consist of 
a sectional floating dry-dock in 9 sections; a basin, 350 feet 
long by 226 feet wide inclosed by granite walls, having a 
granite floor, upon a foundation of piles, limbers, etc. ; and 
2 railways, with hydraulic cylinder, etc. 



PHI 



PHI 



The U. S. Xaval iVsjium, establiahud ia 1-35, oi-ciipica an 
elevated and most beauliful site, near the Schuylkill r., in 
Moyamen^mg district, and consista of 3 structures. The 
principal edifice, built of marble, ia 8 stories hi.i:h, has a front 
ofaso left, including a central building 14'J by 175 feet, which 
Ujis a handsome portico with S Ionic columns. The grounds 
embrace 2b acres, beautifully adorned with trees, shrubbery, 
etc. The pensioners are about 140 in number, who are 
provided with every comfort, A naval officer is stationed 
at this port. 

£kIua(tion.— The public schools are well organized upon 
a most efficient system, established in 1S19, which constituted 
the city and county of riiiladelphia, one entire school 
district, in 11 sections, with arningements for uniform and 
harmonious grades of free instruction. The schools aro 
under the direction of 23 controllers and 210 directors, dis- 
tributed throughout the 11 sections. In 1S52, there were 
254 schools, classified as follows: 1 high, 1 normal, 63 
grammar, 29 secondary, 130 primary, and 40 unclassified; 
which employed 727 teachers, and had about 50,000 scholars. 
The school-houses generally are substantial brick edifices, 
3 stories high, accommodating 500 to 1,000 pupils. 

The Nurmal School, for the instruction of female teachers, 
was established in 134S; its course of instruction embracing 
two years, is of the very best order. The central high 
school, established October, 1S33, is one of the best institu- 
tions in the Union. The building, in Juniper Street, below 
Market, has a handsome marble front with Ionic portico. 
It h;i3 11 iaslructors, and about 500 students. The number 
of private schools and academies, with parish and elmrity 
schools, female seminaries, etc., is very large, indicating the 
poptdar interest in good education. 

Colleges. — The University of Pennsylvania was established 
as a college in 1755, and as an university in 1770. It com- 
prises 4 departments, academical, collegiate, medical, and 
law, of which the medical department is by far the most 
fltjurishing. In 1S50, the collegiate department had 7 in- 
structors, 5,142 alumni, S3 stu'lents, and 5,000 volumes in its 
library. The university buildings, in Ninth Street below 
Market, are large and handsome structures, each S5 feet 
front by 112 deep. 

Philadelphia is preeminently distinguished as Ihe medical 
metropolis of the Union. Of medical colleges, it contains 
the first established in the United Slates, which, with the 
otiKT numerous institutions, are by far the most flourishing 
and important in the nation. Thenuml>er of medical works 
and journuls here published is pmbably e<|ual to tlie com- 
bined number in all other cities in the Union. The liliraries 
of the medical colleges, etc., are large and very valuable ; as 
also their anatomical museums, cabinets, etc. Very great 
ndvanlages for clinical instruction are afforded by the various 
hospitals, dispensaries, etc. 

The statistics of the principal inslilulions, in 1S50, were 
as follows : 

Names. Founded. Prof. Stu. Graduates. 

Med. Dep. Univ. Penn . . . 1765 .... 7 .... 450 ... . 5,316 

Jeff'erson Med. Col 1S24 .... 7 .... 514 ... . 2,030 

Med. Dep. Penn. Col 1333 . . . . 7 . .. . 17G . . .. 73 

Phil. Col. of Med 1847 .... 7 ... . 75 ... . 250 

Other medical Institutions are — Medical Institute of Phila- 
delphia, established in 1317, which gives medical instruction 
in the summer, but does not confer degrees; Philadelphia 
Association for Medical Instruction, on the same plan ; 
llomo^opathic Medical College of Pennsylvania, instituted 
ISJG; Female Medical College of Pennsylvania, founded 
\<i'J, the first of the kind in the world, which in 1352 had 
4<) students; Eclectic Medical College of Pennsylvania, 
chartere<l in 1350 ; and Philadelphia College of Piiarmacy, 
established 1323. for the instruction of drug<;ist3, etc., which 
has a good cabinet, library, etc., and annual course of 
lectures. Nearly all of these institutions have large and 
commodious edifices. 

The Theological Seminary of SL Charles Borromeo, 



(.Itoman Catholic), incorporated 1343. contained in 1^52. 36 
students, preparing for the priesthood, and 7,U00 vols, in its 
library. 

Girard CoVege. — This magnificent iTistitution, foundeil by 
Steplien Girard, with a bequest of $2,')ini.00(» lor the gratu- 
itous instruction and support of destitute orphans, is situ- 
ated on the liidge Road, in the district of Penn, 1 m. N. 
of the N. boundary of the city proper. The corner-stone of 
the college was laid July 4, 1S33, the buildings were cora- 
jdeted in 1347, and the institution went into operation, Jan. 
1st, 1S4S. The grounds contain about 41 acres, inclosed by 
a wall 10 feet high. The college edifices present a very im- 
posing appearance. The central edifice, most substantially 
built of marble, is one of the most magnificent structures of 
its size in the world. It is in the form of a Greek temple, 
in the Corinthian style, resting on a basement of 11 steps, 
which extend around the entire edifice, imparting to it a 
pyramidal appearance of great solidity. It is surrounded by 
colonnades of the most magnificent marble pillars, G feet in 
diameter, and 55 feet in height — ^S columns on each end, and 
11 on eai.-h side, including the comer columns both ways. 
Its dimensions, including the colonnades, are IfJO feet wide, 
213 feet long, 90 feet high ; the boily of the building alone 
is 111 feet wide, 169 feet long, and 50 feet 8 inches high. It 
is three stories high, each divided in'.o 4 rooms, with vesti- 
bules. The roof, composed of most massive marble tilee, 
has an entire weight of 969J tons, exclusive of ifa supports. 
In the lower vestibule rest the remains of Mr. Girard, 
beneath a marble statue of himself. Four other buildings, 
faced with marble, are each 53 feet wide, 125 feet long, and 
three stories high. The entire cost of the college buildings, 
with improvementsof grounds, etc, was $1,933,821 78. The 
officers and teachers consist of president, secretarj', 2 pro- 
fessors, 2 physicians, matron and assistant matron, 5 malo 
teachers, 12 female teachers, and steward. The current ex- 
penses in 1S51, were $02,900, of which $30,500 were for the 
clothing and subsistence of the pupils. Pujiils in 1852, 305. 

Zit^rart/and Scientific In^stitutioJis, Librarian, and Fiiw 
Ai'ts. — The American Philosophical Society, originated by 
Franklin, in 174^3, is the oldest scientific associatiim in the 
United States, In 1769, another similar society w;i3 united 
with iU It was incorporated March 15, 1780. Its building, 
erected in 1789. contains a very valuable lil>rary of 20,000 
volumes, an extensive cabinet of medals, and a large col- 
lection of maps, engravings, etc. Its published transactions, 
in numerous volumes, have greatly comributtd to the ad- 
vancement t'f science. The Academy of Natural Sciences, 
founded 1812, incorporated 1817, has a very handsome edi- 
fice, coiuaining a library of 13,000 volumes, and the most 
valuable museum in Ihe United States, containing, besitles 
other collections, 25,000 specimens in ornithology, unrivaled 
in the world, 30,000 in the herbarium, 7,000 in geological 
department, and the late Dr. Morton's celebrated cabin<'t of 
crania. The academy has contributed much to natural 
science. The Historical Society of Pennsjlvania, founded 
1325, has issued various historical publications, and 1i:ls a 
library of 2,000 volumes, with collections, etc. Tlie Franklin 
Institute, incorporated March 30, 1824, mainly devoted to 
the promotion of mechanical science, etc., has about 3,000 
members, and library of 6,000 volumes, principally mechan- 
ical and scientific works; publishes monthly its journal, the 
oldest and one of the best mechanical periodicals in the 
Union; and holds annually an extensive exhibition of Amer- 
ican manufactures. The College of Physicians, chartered 
March 26, 1789, publishes its transactions quarterly, and id 
one of the most valuable periodicals of medical science. 

The Philadelphia Library Company, instituted 1731, prin- 
cipally by Dr. Franklin, has one of the most cxlensivo 
libraries in this country. Its edifice, erected 17S9-90, a plain 
structure, presents a venerable appearance. Its entrance i3 
surmounted by an excellent marble statue of Franklin. Ia 
1792, it received the valuable library of Hon. James I/^gan, 
now amounting to 10,000 volumes. These united hbrarlca 

671 



PHI 



now embrace abriut G'l.OOO volumes, and nro constantly in- 
creasing. ThoAtlu-iueum.orgaiiizeil Febnmry 9, lSU,now 
occiiiiies a very elcpint eiliflcc, built in the Italian style, 
coriiiT of Sixth anil Ailelphi streets, erected IS40-47, con- 
taining a litiraryiif l-',(itlO volumes, reading-room, etc. Ihe 
Mercantile Library, established 1S21, liaB a handsome library 
buildini:, oriier of Fifth and Library streets, erecU-d lS4t-1.5, 
at a cost of ti3,2U(), » liieli eonUiins 10,5Ull vulumes ; its real 
estate is valued at JCn.OllO. The Library of the Law Asso- 
ciation is a g'lo.l collection of professional worUs. The 
Apprentices' Library, founded ISl'.l, is an excellent institu- 
tion, having 12,01)0 volumes, resorted to by 1,200 boys ami 
CdO girls. The German Society have S.OdO volumes; the 
Pennsylvania Hospital 10,000 volumes of medical works; 
besides which, are the Friends' Free Library, Sjiring Garden 
Institute, the colleges previously mentioned, and some 
librtiry companies of the incorp'iraled dislricls. 

The Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, organized 
ISO", contains rare sculptures, with splendid paintings by 
the old masters, West, Allstim. and Sully, and luilds annual 
exhibitions, commencing in May. The Art Union of Phil- 
adelphia has a free gallery of pictures eonstainly open, 
which are changed monthly, and hulds a di5tribulii>n of 
prizes in December annually. There are two associations of 
artists— Graphic Assucialion and Artists' Fund Society. 

St^eifspcipers and Periodicals.— AeconVmf: to the census 
of 1S50, the periodical press then consisted of 04 publicati. ms, 
viz., 11 dailies, 1 semi-weekly, 87 weeklies, 5 semi-month- 
lies, S monthlies, 1 quarterly, 1 annual. 

Names of dailies—" North American" (whig), " Pennsyl- 
vania Inquirer" (whig), " Pennsylvanian" (dein.), " Daily 
News" (whig), "The Sun" (nat. Am.), " Spirit of the Times" 
(ilem ), ■' Public Ledger" (indep.), " Evening liulletin" (in- 
dep.), "Daily Kegister" (iieut.) The largest circulations 
,vcre — of the dailies, "Public Ledger," 43,9S0; of the 
weeklies, "Dollar Newspaper" (indep.), 40,000; "Scott's 
Weekly Paper" (li;.), 40,000 ; " Saturday Evening Post" (lit.), 
42,000; "American Courier" (lit.), 85,000; of semi-month- 
lies, " Youth's Penny Gazette" (relig.), 100,000 ; of monthlies, 
" Godey's Lady's Book," 60,000. 

The press is generally characterized by propriety, orlgin- 
alilv, enterprise, and large circulations. The me<lical journals 
are' of high repute. The first papers were—" American 
Weekly Mercury," est;.blished 1719, by Andrew Bradf.ird; 
"Pennsvlvania Gazette," in 1723, subsequently conducted 
by Dr. Franklin; "Pennsylvania Packet," 1771, which, in 
17S4, was issued daily, the first daily in the United Stales. 

Cliiirclies. IteUgimis Institution, rfc— Heligious societies 
of all denominations are very numerous. The total number 
of churches in lS52,in the city and closely adjoining dislricls, 
was about 176, viz.: Episcopal 31, Presbyterian (of all kinds) 
46, Friends' 9, Uoman Calhohc 17, Baptist 20, Mclhodist 27, 
Lutheran 8, German and Dutch P.eformed 4, Moravian 1, 
Universalist 4, Unitarian 1, besides 3 Jews' Synagogues anil 
some independent churches. Compared with other cities, 
the church edifices of this city are not distinguished for 
architectural beauty, though characterized by neatness and 
comfortable convenience. The principal edifices are— of 
Episcopal, Christ Church, completed 1763 ; St. Andrew's, in 
the Ionic order, a very classic struclure; St. Stephen's and 
St. Mark's, in Gothic style. The First and Seventh Presby- 
terian cliurches ; Sansom Street Baptist Church. The P.u- 
man Catholic, St. Peter's Church, in classic lioman slyle, 
and the Cathedral, a magnificent structure, not yet com- 
pleted, which will surpass in architectural splendor all 
others in the city. 

The American Sunday School Union, formed 1S24, h:LS a 
large edifice in Chestimt Street, 5 stories high, used as de- 
po^tory and publication of their books, tracts, etc. The 
General Assemblv of the Presliyterian Church have lociited 
here three of their f .ur principal boards, viz, : Publication, 
Domestic Missions, and Education,whieh occupy iu Clieslnnt 
Street a handsome edifice of brown stone, 4 stories high, 
C72 



PHI 

chiefly used as publication rooms. During the year lS5i>-51, 
the board of publication printed 4:!0,3ii0 books and tracts. 
The American Baptist Publication Society, formed 1S39, 
occupy in Arch Street an ornamental edifice of brown sand- 
stone, 4 stories high. Other religious a-sociations are — 
Philadelphia Tract, Education, Home Missionary, and sev- 
eral Bible societies, all of which, wilh the foregoing, cele- 
brate their anniversaries In May. 

Benevolent Jnatittitions. — These are numerous, and of 
superior excellence. The Pennsylvania Hospilal, incorpiv 
rated 1751, is a very extensive estabhshment, occupying .an 
entire square between Spruce, Pine, Eighth, and Ninth 
streets, fronting on Pine Street. The main edifice has an 
entire lenglh of 231 feet, consisting of central building wilh 
wings. From 1S41 to 185-J it received 13,S29 patients, of 
whom 9,300 were poor ; in 1S52 it contained 153 inmates, of 
whom 120 were poor. Its funds arise from legacies and 
private subscriptions. In front of the building is a fine 
statue of William Penn, in bronzed lead. A branch of this 
institution is the Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane, 
which, previous to 1&41, was a conjoined portion of the 
hospital, but has since been located on a fine farm of 111 
acres, in West Philadelphia, about 2 m. W. Schuylkill r. 
The principal building and main wings present an E. front 
of 48G feet, 3 stories high, and are surrounded with 41 acres 
of beautiful pleasure grounds. The Friends' Asylum for 
the Insane, near FranUford, founded ISlo, h.is good build- 
ings, etc. The Pennsylvaiua Institution for the Deaf and 
Dumb, founded 1S20, has occupied, since 1S25, its present 
spacious edifice, corner of Broad an.l Pine streets, built of 
granite, with Doric portico, at a cost of $So,00ft. In 1S52 it 
had contained 134 p\i))ils, of whom the Slate of Pennsyl- 
vania supported 92, Maryland IS, New .lerscy 13, Delaware 
3, and the institution 13. The Pennsylvania Instimtion for 
the Blind, founded 18.33, located in Ilacc, betwi*n Schuyl- 
kill, Second, and Third streets, has a large edifice, 4 stories 
high, with beautifully decorated grounds, and contained in 
1S52, 93 pupils, of whom the Stale of Pennsylvania sup- 
porle<l 45, New Jersey 6, Maryland 5, Delaware 1, the in- 
stitution 15, wilh 15 by their own industry, and C by their 
friends. The Wills' Hospital for Diseases of the Eye and 
Limbs, in Race Street, opposite Logan Square, was founded 
by the late James Wills, of Philadelphia, wilh a legacy of 
.tl03,396, bequeathed to the city for that purpose. The 
building, erected 1832-34, is a neat stone structure, SO feet 
long, 50 feet deep, which cost, including lot, $57,203. and is 
surrounded by ample and beautiful gr.mnds. From-its 
foundation to 1S5'3, upward of 2,000 persons had been re- 
lieved as inmates, and aliout 5,000 had been treated at their 



homes. Olh r hospitals are— St Joseph's, near Girard Col- 
lege; Christ Church, for indigent females of the Episcoiial 
Church ; and the City Hospilal, Spring Garden, eslablished 
in 1S18 by the Slate as a pest hospital, is a brick structure 
of central building wilh wings. The U. S. Naval Asylum 
is previously described. 

Orphan and other Asylums, cfc.— The principal inslilu- 
tion for orphans, that of llie Orphans' Society of Phila- 
delphia, founded 1814, is on Eace Street and Scluiylkill 
Fifih; a Large brick structure, 110 by 168 feet, built fire- 
proof and in the most substantial manner; erected 1S23. 
The first edifice was destroyed by fire Jan., 1S22, when 23 
inmates perished. St. John's Male Orphan A.syluin (Uoman 
Catholic), is on W. side of the Schuylkill, 2i tn. from Market 
Street bridge, on the Lancaster turnpike. The building, in 
Elizabethan Gothic style, is of brown stone ; in extremo 
length 220 feet, consisting of central edifice 4 stories high, 
and wings 3 stories high, and can accommodate 250 orphans. 
SL Joseph's Female Orphan Asylum, corner of Spruce and 
Seventh streets, has an average number of 100 orphans. 
The Colored Orphans' Asylum, in Thirteenth Street, iji 1852 
had 07 children. Olher a-sylums are— the Widows' Asylum, 
instituted 1S19, wilh GO iumates ; St. Ann's Widows' Asylum ; 
Philadelphia Lying-in Asylum; House of Industry, in 



PHI 



PHI 



MoyanK'nainfif. orpinized 1S46, with coiuinodious buildiTigs; 
Pri-sloti KclrciU. use<l by the Fustt-r Ilomf Assncialion, 
which pri'Virlt'.I in 1S52 for li children; and 3 Mngdalt ri 
asylmns. There urc 4 dispensarits, of which Ihc principal 
is llie Philaiii'lphia. funndtd in 17S6. w hicli in lS.il treated 
7,3G2 patirnls. Other eliarilable inslilutions are numerous. 
The City Alnis-liouse, frondn^ un W. side of the Schuyl- 
kill, comprises 4 Imildings. inclosing a reeUinijuIar areu, 
each &;»0 feet lon-^ and 3 glories hiij;h, besides basement, sur- 
rounded by a farm of 10 acres, with oat-bni]dinj;s. etc. The 
main from facing the city is ornamented by an elegant por- 
tico in the Tuscan order, having 6 columns, 5 feet diameter 
at base autl Stt feet high. The average number of paupers 
in 1*51 was 1.S13, maintained at an expense of $97,020, or 
$1 04 per week each. Attached is the Children's Asylum, 
which in ISol contained about 1,?50 children— 302 boys and 
1.4SS girls — sustained at an annual expense of $70,000. The 
insane department contained in 1S52, 390 inmates; the 
hospital ;J49 patients. The total cost of supporting the poor 
at the alms-house and in the city and districts during 1S51, 
was $22S,977. The Moyamensing Alms-house is the puldic 
charity lor that district. The Friends' Alms-house is a pri- 
vate iustiluti«'n and has but few inmates. 

MnnicijHd Goi-ernmenU, Department'i. — The county of 
Philadelphia is divided into different lociil guvernnieuts. 
Ttie IncorjKirated districts directly adjoining the eily proper, 
viz.. Soulbwark. Moyamensing, Spring Garden, Northern 
Liberties, Kensington, and Richmond, have similar organi- 
zatjons, each governed by boards of commissioner.-*. The 
consolidation of tliese districts with the eily proper into one 
municipal corporation, has for some time been agitated. 
Tho government of ihe city proper, under the general su- 
perintendence of the mayor, is composed of police depart- 
ment, select and common councils, board of city commis- 
sioners, and board of city and county commissioners. 

The police department, exclusive of officers, embraces 200 
watchmen. The consolidated police force, established 1850, 
has ISO policemen, distributed as follows: city 65, Spring 
Garden 26, Kensington 24, Northern Liberties 21, South wark 
IS. Moyamensing 12, Fenn 4, liichmnnd 4. West Philadel- 
phia 3, under 12 lieutenants and the marshal. The number 
of arrests by this force, from Nov. 21, ISS'J, to Nov. 1, 1S5I. 
exceeded 12.i)00. 

Fire Dflpa/'tin^nt — In 1S52 there were 70 companies — 
engine 35, hose 33, hook and ladder 2 — each having about 
80 members. The Association for the Relief of Disabled 
Firemen, established IS^JS, in 1S52 possessed .$17,5'iO per- 
manently invested ; and had previously distributed $0,000. 
The Uoard of Health, consisting of IS members, has 
charge of the sanitjiry condition of the city, the city hospital, 
and the lazaretto at quarantine ground, 14 m. below the 
city. The statistics of the alms-house, county prison, etc., 
are previously given. 

Markets — These are noted for their excellence, abundant 
supplies, cleanliness, etc. The principal ranges of slalls are 
hi Market Street, extending from the Delaware to Kighth 
Street, and from Schuylkill Sixth to Eighth streel.s erueted 
in ls36 ; there are II) others. The wholesale provision trade 
is principally carried on in "Water Street, and near the 
wharves, chiefly by extensive firms. The following table 
shows the number of cattle offered at the Philadelphia 
cattle market during each of the six years, from lS4o to 1 j.50 
inclusive : 

Venra. Beeves. Calves. Sheep. Swine. 

I'O.'i 49.290 8,630 25.700 "9.000 

1S4G (i;'>.040 Il,9s0 29.100 77.9nO 

1>17 51,500 12.295 3G.410 57,1S9 

IMS 60,370 13.365 4G.0>0 75.270 

1S49 67.410 15,100 4S.700 7S5iiO 

1S50 70,S20 15,265 33,340 95,450 

Fiiinnount W'ttfr-WorJc^.—The^e water-works which 
supply the city with water, are situated on E. bank of 
Schuylkill r., a little N. of the city proper, and have been in 

N 4 



opcralion since .Tuly 1, 1S22. A dam extends across the 
river. l,24Sfeet long, erected in 1319. The water backed 
up by the dam pas-ses into an artificial forebay, 419 feet 
long, im feet wide, and 60 feet deep. The mill-building is 
of st/ine, 23S feet long, 56 feet wide, containing S double- 
acting forcing pumps, each of which will lift about 1,250,000 
gallons into the reservoirs in 24 hours. The water is elevated 
92 fei-t. The reservoirs, 4 in number, cover 6 acres, are 12i 
feel de(*p. constructed in very substantial manner, together 
contain 22.031,976 ale gallons, and cost $133,S22. They are 
for Ihe most part upon artificial ground, raised in some parts 
40 feet above the original of the hill. When full, the water 
is li:2 feet above low tide in the Schuylkill, and SO feet above 
the highest ground in the city. One of them is divided into 
3 sections for the purpose of filtration. The water passes 
from the reservoirs to the city, through 3 main iron pipes, 
in diameter 21), 22, and 30 inches respectively; and is then 
distributed through the city in pipes from 3 to 10 inches 
diameter, chiefly 3 and inches, of which the total length in 
January. 1S02, was: in city proper SI m., in districls of 
Sdulhwark and Moyamensing 2i>J m. The average daily 
consumption of water in the city and districts in 1S50, 
throughout the whole year was 4,7S5,33S ale gallons; in 
isol, 5,090,744 gallons. Water renl.s m 1->5I, $.1.3S.s74. The 
entire co^t of these works to Dec. 31, 1S50, was $1,015,170; 
additional expenses in ISol, $02,3SO— total cost to 1S52, 
$1,707,550. 

Spring Garden n?id yorther?i Liberties Water- Works.— 
Situated on E. side of the Schuylkill, about 1 m. above 
Fairmount. The engine-house is I'f granite, in Egyptian 
style. The reservoir, 15 feet deep, 115 feet above low-water 
mark, contains 9.SU0.0U0 gallons, and has 2 distributing 
mains, 16 inches iliametcr. This work was completed in 
1S45. at a cost of $159,075. 

Munn/dctures. — In Ihe amount, and value, and variety 
of its manutactures, Philadelphia is one of the most im- 
portant cities in the United States. Many of these arc 
bniught to more than an ordinary degree of perfection. 

The following statement of the manufactures in the citj 
and county of Philadelphia, is from the census returns 

of 1S5U: Value of 



Annual 



Phil. City proper. . $13.2(i7.695. . . . $12.665.211 . . , . $26,309,265 

North'n Ld)ertie3. 3.022.251 .... 3.7W.341. . . . 7,lu3,023 

Spring Gardeu. . . 2.013.445. . . . 3,046.216. . . . 5.376,731 

Kensington 3.755.711 .... 6.106,071 .... 10,083,904 

Soulhwark 2,171.ii05. . . . 2,197.347 .... 3,7:i4,730 

Moyamensing. . . . 530,364 575.237 1,299.201 

Townships, etc. . . 7,237.380 €.090,733 10.237.308 



$33,737,911 $34,505,156 $(>4.1U,212 
The following statements of the number of hands, and 
tlieir wages, are from the same source: 

At-erage rnnibpr iif Avern::? iimntlily coal 

liamis employeJ. i>r kib.ir. 



M:ilp-?. Females. 

Phila. Cityproper.17,020.. 9,046.. 

Northern Liberties. 4.463.. 1,1S1.. 

Spring Garden ... 4.326.. S54.. 

Kensington 6.723.. 1,S90.. 

South wark 2,0S9. . 167 . . 

Moyamensing 1,970.. 2^S.. 

Townships, etc.... 6,705.. 2,377,. 



Ma)™. 


[Fetn.Tlea. 


t45,i;-6. 


$97,955 


115,CS7. 


. 12,200 


9:!,30:?. 


9.53S 


163,0)1). 


13,2T9 


60,021. 


1,344 


46,sr>s. 


2,S72 


]3S,M5. 


7IJ)96 



43.296 15,S 



$1.002.<ii9 $20S.5S4 

Total employees 59,099 Month, cost of Iab.$l,271,393 

Among the principal manufactures, are those of machin- 
ery, hardware, cutlery, precious metals, cordage, furniture, 
musical instruments, upholstery, oniamental and other 
iron furniture, with large sugar refineries and marblo 
works, etc. 
HaitJcs and /nsfrdnoo Co!tipa7iie^.—'ThQr<i were in 1S52 

073 



PHI 



PHI 



in the city and districts 13 banlis, with aggregate working 
capital of $10,650,000, paying fair dividends, with 4 savings 
banks. Number of Are insurance companies, 10 ; of fire 
and marine do., 4; of marine do. 5; of life, annuity, and 
tnistdo., 9— U)tal23. 

Jiailroudfi, etc. — The following is tbe list of railroads 
diverging from Philadelphia, with their lengths: Philadel- 
phia and Trenton R. R., and thence by New Jersey U. R. to 
New York, 87 m. ; Camden and Amboy R. U. to New York, 
90 ra. ; Philadelphia, Germant^iwn, and Norrislown R. R., 
17 m. ; Germantown Branch K. R., 6 m. ; Philadelphia, 
Reading, and Pottsville R. R., 93 m. ; with short branch 
from Schuylkill falls to Port Richmond coal depGu Colum- 
bia and Philadelphia R. R., S2 ra., which connects at Lan- 
caster by Harrisburg and Lancaster R. R., with tbe Penn- 
sylvania R. R. to Pittsburg, 857 m. ; Philadelphia and 
"Westchester R. R., 30 m., which branches from Columbia 
and Philadelphia R. R. at Paoli; Philadelphia, "Wilming- 
ton, and Baltimore R. K., 93 m. 

The city derives great advantages from the Schuylkill 
Navigation Canal, hence to Port Carbon, lOS m. ; the 
Chesapeake and Delaware Canal, and others which contri- 
bute to its prosperous trade. 

DomestiG Trade. — The following statement exhibits the 
number of coastwise arrivals of vessels, from 1S35 to ISO! 
inclusive : 



Years. Vessels. 

1835 8,573 

1836 3,764 

1837 7,476 

1838 10,860 

1839 11,185 

1840 9,706 



VesHcls. Years. 



Vessels. 



1841 9,246 

1S42 7,973 

1843 7,659 

1S44 7,717 

1845 8,029 

1846 6,018 



1S47 1S,0G9 

184S 2:i,921 

1S49 24,,')94 

1850 27,035 

1851 26,484 



The coal trade is by far the most prominent part of the 
domestic trade of the city. During the calendar year 1S51, 
the arrivals at Port Richmond, the terminus of the Reading 
E. E., were as follows : 3 ships, 92 barlis, 467 brigs, 5,379 
schooners, 202 sloops, 1,983 barges— total 8,126. 

The following statements of the annual inspections of 
flour and meal, and of the measurement of the principal 
grains, from 1S46 to 1850 inclusive, are derived from the Re- 
port of the Philadelphia Board of Trade of January, 1851 : 



Rye Flour, 
bills. 



V Wlie.tt Flour, .. Corn Meal. 

1846 674,ft4S 170,143 83,520 

1847 703,981 800,609 27,906 

1843 611,279 162,983 24,747 

1849 633,6:33 100.614 89.109 

IScO 658,828 103,210 34,776 



Tears. Wheat— bustiels. 

1846 98.3,923 

1847 947,5!)8 

18JS 723,694 

1849 945,465 



Corn — bufliels. Oats— bushels. 

.. 665,178 859,942 

..1,093.264 369,171 

..1,302.318 327,734 

..1,28.3,692 424,316 



1850. 



.1,103,200 1,163,666 401,396 



Annual inspections of tobacco, all American, from 1839 to 



1850 inclusive : 



Years 

1839 2.652 

1840 5.298 

1841 6,210 

1842 8^0 



Hhds. Years. Hlids. Years. 

1343 6.783 

1844 4.418 

1845 4,182 

1S46 2,627 



Hl.Js. 

1847 6.934 

1348 3.21S 

1349 4,461 

1850 3,745 



The imports of cotton, 1847-50, were— in 1847, 41,835 
bales ; in 1848, 41,516 ; in 1849, 46,393 ; in 1850. 50,9W bales. 

Foreign Commerce. — In foreign commerce Philadelphia 
is now the third city in the Union. 

The following statement, prepared from official docu- 
ments, exhibits the value of the imports annu.ally into the 
port of Phila<Ielphia, and the duties accruing to the United 
States from 1830 to 1851 inclusive: 
674 



Years. 



Value nf 
Im|,orts. 

1880.. $9,525,898. 

18.31.. 11,67.3,755.. 

10,048,195.. 

11,163,767.. 

10,686,078.. 2,110,477 

11,868,529.. 2,601,621 

16,116,626. 

10,1.30,838. 

10,417,815. 

14.753,689. 



18.32. 
1S33. 
1834. 
1685. 
1836. 
13.37. 
1838. 

is:i9. 

1840. 



.$3,637,516 
4,872,520 
8,500,293 
2,956,096 



3,146,458 
1,820,993 
2.109.955 
2,SS4,93'4 



8,624,484.. 1,517,207 



' '""'• Im|.„r«. """"• 

ISll . . $9,948,,59S . . $1,983,682 

1842. 

1843. 

1844. 

1845. 

1846. 



6,201,177.. 

4,916,535.. 

8,810,865.. 

7,491,497.. 

8,3118.615.. 
1347.. 12.15.3,937.. 
184S.. 10,700,865.. 
1849.. 10,160,479.. 
1360.. 18,881,759.. 
1851.. 12,795,440.. 



1,812,848 
1,437,833 
2,981,673 
2,370,510 
2.608,068 
2,904.749 
2,707,459 
2,694,245 
3.412,240 
3,673,124 



Foreign Arrivals.— The following table exhibits the total 
number of arrivals from foreign countries in each year from 
1S56 to 1S51 inclusive; 
Years. Arr. Years. Arr. Years. Atr. Years. Arr. 

1836 421 1840 456 11844 472 1848 513 

1837 409 1841 604 1845 8S7 1849 585 

13:38 464 1842 454 1846 469 1850 613 

1839 521 1S43 372 1847 657 1851 670 

Exports. — The number of clearances for foreign conntries 
durmg Ihe two fiscal years, 1343-49, and 1849-50, each end- 
ing June 80, were as follows : 

1848-49. 1849.';0. 



Wheat flour. 



Tieal. 



61,282. 
2,253. 



Vess. Tons, Men, Boys. Vess. Tons. Mes, Boys, 

American.. 360.. 93,322.. 3,806.. 98 809. .81,276.. 8,189.. 133 
Foreign... 179.. 27,005.. 1.417.. 15 170.-30,342. .1,480.. SO 

Total... 539. 120,827.. 5,223. 118 479.111,018. .4,669. .169 

Exports of Breadstuff. — ^These, with meat provisions, and 
manufactures of iron and wool, constitute tbe greater porlion 
of the exports. The following is a statement of the exports 
of wheat flour, corn meal, wheat, and com, from 1831 to 
1851 inclusive: 

Corn. 

buch. 

42,298 

48,859 

06,703 

31,526 

25,457 

19,117 

21,430 

17,087 

17.117 

76,749 

80,266 

83.722 

74,613 

110,003 

129,250 

279,320 

,102,210 

817,150 

900,823 

002,680 

564,545 



2,903. 



Yearfl. 

1881 259,786 45,5:32.. 

18:32 161.917 50.328. . 

1883 182.622 51 ,9113 , . 

18:34 87.905 60,013.. 

1835 90,093 60,809.. 

18:50 07,113 42,798 — 

1837 33,080 63,803 — 

1838 69,622 64.002 — 

1339 191,880 73,800 87,331 

1840 284,774 69,436 280,047 

1841 195,665 108,822 60,571 

1842 101,366 97,884 87,953 

1843 128,517 106,484 32,'2.35 

1344 190,4-33 101,356 2.3,375 

1845 201,956 115,101 86,039 

1846 366,610 144,867., 

1847 420,684 300,631 . 

1848 179,507 140,014. 

1849 220.786 91,819 . , 

1850 83,024 94,384 



,.245,136 

..523,538 1 

.,207,092 

..177,312 

..206,670 



1851 299,466 65,385 225,201 . 



The exports of rye flour in the same years were as follows : 



V , I "- 1"'" 

Years. 'I i,y,^ 

1831 8,4:33 

1832 13,040 

1883 27,939 

18.34 28,795 

18.35 21,0:38 

1836 27,429 

1S37 17,276 



K, floui 

bbls. 



Years. 

18:38 14,211 

1839 24,.527 

1840 80,471 

1841 20,800 

1842 22,680 

1843 22,3118 

1S44 21,904 



H. flour 

bbls. 



Years. 

1345 17,093 

1840 19,730 

1847 20,407 

1843 1.5,537 

1849 20,5.50 

1850 25,054 

1851 10,505 



Tonnage for the two fiscal years 1848-9 and 1849-50, also 
in 1851, which, though not from any oflicial documents, is 
doubtless correct : 



PHI 



PHI 



TONNAGE OF PUILADBLPniA. 





R-'^'isren-'.l 


Kiirolli'd and Licensed Total 




Toi.H. 'Jotlis. 


T.ina. ySllis. Tona. '.tfitli? 


On June 30, 1849.. 


..5:3,S21 91. 


...134,M5 ■2o....lS3,OS7 21 


" 1S5I).. 


..G4,205 10. 


...142,293 72.... 506,497 82 


" 1S51.. 


— 


— ... .222,428 90 



CInssiflcation and employment of touiiago on June 30, 
IS49, and June 30, 1850: 

EEttlSTEHED TONNARE. 
pennunent iHiiijiorarv Total 

Tons. ^5ili*. '1..,,*, 't.-,t'l,s. Tona. y5tli9. 

June SO, 1849.... 40,343 2G.... 13.473 Go.... 83,821 91 
" 1850.... 46,384 91. ...17,820 14, ...64.205 10 

or the above, in 1350, CG tons were propelled by steam; in 
1849 none. 

ENROLLED AND LICENSED TONNAGE. 

P,-rrnanent Tetnpornry Cinat Trade St'm Nav'n 
Tons. 9.itli9. T..n>. ojtlm. Ton.a. MStlia. Tuna. ■j.Mlia. 

June 30,1849.. 121,723 85. .9,530 93.. 131.253 S3.. 13,631 23 
" 1860. .136,577 23. .2,531 37. .139,159 15.-15,475 56 

The amount " licensed under 20 tons" in 1S49 was 3,011 
tons; in 1850. 3,134 — all in the coasting trade. 

Vessels built in the district of Philadelphia in the two 
fi»:al years, 1848-49, and 1849-50, each ending June 30 : 



Yenra. Slops, 

1848-49 3 2 

1849-50 7 1 



g ,, Sloopa and Steam. Total 
B ■ ^"^ c.anid b'ta, boats. Veaaels. Tons. 



.26. 
.34. 



.103... 
.107... 



.143. ...13,741 
.166.... 18,150 



^ Sttmmanj of Kai'igathn. — The following table exhibits 
the total arrivals of vessels at Philadelphia in each year, 
from 1335 to 1851 inclusive. Their separate divisions into 
fiireign and coastwise vessels are previously given under 
their proper heads of domestic trade and foreign com- 
merce : 

Ve.irs. I Years. Years, 

1 335 4,002 1341 9,750 1847 18,726 

l-^'W 4,135 1842 8,427 ItHS 24.403 

1337 8,185 1848 8,031 1849 25,109 

lS:iS 11,344 1 1844 8.189 1350 27,553 

1339 11.709 1 1845 8.416 j 1351 27,060 

1840 10,162 i IS4G 6,477 I 

PopuMioiu— In 1749, the cily proper had 7,391 inhabit- 
ante, and 1.864 dwellings; Southwark 595 population, 150 
dwellings; Northern Liberties 244, 62 dwellings. In 1750, 
city 7,635. In 1777, the British (then in possession of the 
city, which had decreased in population by the war) took 
the census of the city, Southwark, and the Northern Liber- 
ties, and found their united population 23,734, dwellings 
6,985. In 1790, by U. S. census. Ihe cily, 28,522; South- 
wark, 5,661 ; unmcorporated Northern Liberties, 8,-337— 
total 42,520. 

Population of Philadelphia, cily and county, from ISOO to 
1850 inclusive : 

1800. isio. i.s:o. ifiao. le^o. ie5o. 

'^delphi^'^!'.''" )■"•"" ^'''^'^^ "-^'^"^ S*"'^* 93,665 121,417 

SOUTH OP CITY AND EAST OF 6CH0YLKILL BIVEE. 

Southwark.... 9,621 13,707 14,718 20,740 27,646 88,799 
Moyamensing.. 1,592 2,837 3.963 6,323 14,573 26.979 

Passyunk 884 992 1,633 1,-Wl 1,694 1,607 

NOETn OF CITY AND EAST OF SCHCYLKILL KIVEIl. 

TJnineorp' N. ) 



Liberties., fl"."" 21.553 

N. Liberties — — 

SpringGarden* — — 

Kensington* . . ^ — 

Penn District*. — — 

Riclimonci* ... — — 

PcnnTo\tn5hip* — 8.793 

Oxlurd 1,518 973 



I.SIO 2,456 3,333 1,933 

19,673 2S.923 34,474 4T,223 

3,49S 11.141 27.849 53.'.95 

7,118 13,326 22,314 46,776 

— — — S,930 

— — — 5,S40 
3.105 2,507 3,342 2,657 
1,315 1,503 1,533 1,7S7 



' Fr-rmerly a partuf ibe Nortliern Liliertiea. 



1800, i?io. 1820, leao. law. i«50. 

Fmnkford — 1,233 1,405 1,637 2,876 5,346 

Lowt-r Dublin. 1,495 2,194 2,640 2,T05 3,298 4,297 

Byberry 579 705 8T6 l,nlS 1,055 1,130 

Morelami 863 400 44;i 413 469 493 

Bristol 771 965 1,257 1,425 1,734 2,230 

Germantowii.. . 3,230 4,2*3 4,311 4.642 5,4S2 8,3o6 

Koxborough. . . 1,043 1.253 1,6^3 3,334 5,797 2.6G0 

Manuyunk — — — — — 0,210 

BriJesburg — — — — — 915 

Aramii)o:(» — — — — — 694 

WhitehuU — — ~ — — 4b9 

WRST OF Tlin SCHUYLKILL. 

Blooktoy 1,091 1,61S 3,655 3,401 3,313 5,910 

W.Phil.'i.lelphia — — _ _ y,896 5,670 
Kingcssing.... 634 903 1,1S8 1,063 1,339 1,77S 

Total 81,005 111,310 137,097 1SS,961 253,037 409,045 

Hhitorical Sketch. — 1627. The colony of Swedes which had 
previously been settled ou the Delaware Bay, arrived here 
and took possession. 1677. First Swede's Church built. 
1681. The State was granted lo William Penn by James II. 
king of England, and in same year the first settlers arrived 
from London. 16S2. 'WiUiam Penn arrived. 1683. City 
laid out, and first post established to Newcastle. 1634. 
Pop. 2,500. 16S5. First two Friends' Meeting-houses erected. 
1686. Additional colonists arrived (Baptists). 1695. Christ 
Church Society (Episcopal) organized, also first Presbyterian. 
1698. First Baptist Church erected. 1700. Second Swede 
Churcii (now standing) built, and post-office established. 
1701, Philadelphia incorporated into a city. 1710. First 
Market(UighSU) built. 1719. "American Weekly Mercury,'' 
published by Andrew Bradford. 1723. ** Pennsylvania 
Giizelle," published by 8. Keiner, subsequently by Dr. 
Franklin. 1T27. Christ Church (now standing) commenced, 
finished in 1753. 1729. Independence Hall commenced, 
completed in 1734. 1731. Philadelphia Library Co. Organ- 
ized, opened in 1733, with books brought from London. 
1738. Furst Fire Co. originated. 1743. American Philo- 
sophical Society organized. 1751. Pennyslvania Hospit.il 
incorporated. 1753. Daily delivery of letters by carriers 
introduced. 1754. Trl-weekly post estabhshed to New York 
City. 1755. University of Pennsylvania (from 1750 an 
academy) erected into a college, in 1779 into an university. 
1765. Medical Department of University established. 1771. 
"Pennsylvania Packet" issued weekly, in 1784 daili/^ first 
in IT. S. 1774, Sept 4th. First Colonial Congress assembled. 
1776. July 4th, 3 p. m. Declaration of Independence read 
from the steps of the Ilall. Autumn of same year, Congress 
retired to Baltimore. 1777, Sept. 26th. City taken by the 
British. 1780, March 15lh. American Philosophical Society 
fully established. 1781. Bank of North America chartered 
by Congress. 17S7, 17th May. Convention met. 17th Sept. 
following, agreed upon a Constitution for U. S. In 1793 and 
'98. Yellow fever prevailed. 17S9. College of Physicians 
chartered. 1739. Present City Hall erected. 1791. Lan- 
caster Turnpike Co. chartered, finished in four years. 1794. 
Southwark incorporated. ISOl. Na;yyard located. 1S03. 
First Hose Co. 1304. Germantown Perkionien Turnpike Co 
chartered, completed in two years. 1817. Medical Insliiute 
founried. 1809. Masonic Hall erected. 1830. Musical Hall 
finished. 1S23. Fairmount Water-works completed. 1836. 
House of Refuge incorporated. 1S29. U. S. Mint building 
commenced. 18:33. Girard College corner-stune laid, com- 
menced 1st Jan., 1343. 1335. Gas works erected. 

Philadelphia, p. v., Hancock co., Jm!.: on Sugar cr. 
and ihe Indiana Central R. P., 14 m. E. Indianapolis. 

PniLADRi.rniA, p. v., Marion co., Mo.: S5 m. N. by E. 
Jefferson City. 

PniLAPKLPniA, p. v., and cap. Neshoba co., Miss: about 
4 in. S. of Pearl r., 67 m. E. N. E. Jacfkson. It contains a 
court-house and jail, and 200 inhabitants. 

PniLADELpniA, U and p. v., Jefferson co. 2i'. Y. : 338 m. 

67d 



PHI 



PIC 



N. W. Albany. Drained by Indian r. and branches. Sur- 
face rolling and well timbered; floil clayey or sandy loam, 
and mostly ft-rlile. The "Walertown and Potsdam E. II. 
crosses it- The v. is on Indian r., where are several mills. 
Pop. of 1. 1,915. 

PciLADELpiHA, p. v., Van Buren county, la. : on the Des 
Moines, at the mouth of Liek creek, 01 m. S. S. Vi'. Iowa 
City. 

PmLADELPniA, p. V. and sla., Monroe cc, Tenn. : on the 
East Tennessee and Georgia K. 11,, 6 m. S. of Loundon, 
133 ra. E. by S. Nashville. ^ 

PiiiLApELPuus, p. 0., Kobeson co., J^'". Car. : 6S m, S. S.W. 
P.ak'igh. 

FiiiLANTncoPY, p. o., Butler co., Ohio: 93 ni. "W. S. W. 
Columbus. 

PniLiPS county, Ark. Situate E., and contains 755 sq. m. 
Drained by St. Francis r. and its chief tributary, Lanquille r.. 
and by branch of White r. Surface varied, but in general 
is level, in the S. the land is low and subject to inundation; 
soil, where capable of cultivation, is fertile, and very pro- 
ductive, a dry sandy loam prevailing in theN. It is bound- 
ed on the E. by the Mississippi. Farms -409; manuf. 13; 
dwell. 809, and pop.— wh. 4,341, fr. col. 3, si. 2,591— total 
6,935. Capital: Helena. Public Works: Southern Pacific 
K. R. (proposed.) 

Philips, t and p. v., Franklin co., Me. : 46 m. N. W. Au- 
gusta. Drained by Sandy r., a W. branch of the Kentiebec, 
affording water-power. Surface somewhat broken; soil 
very productive and well wooded. IN>p. of t. 1,073. 

PuiuPSBRRG, v., Warren co., A'. Jt^r. : on the E. side of 
Delaware r., opposite Easton. It is the terminus of the New 
Jersey Central li. K., and 7S m. W. by tliat line from New 
York. The Belvidere.Dela^^^lre K. K will also have its N. 
terminus at this point. Considerable business centres here, 
and the place has a fine prospect of becoming a station of 
some consequence. 

PuTLiPSBURG, p. v., Jcffefson county, O?iio : on the Ohio, 
opposite Wellsburg, Virg., 122 m. E. by N. Columbus. 

PiuLiPSBUBG, p. v., Centre co., Peiin. : on Mushanon cr., 
20 m. S. of its entrance into the W. branch of Susquehanna 
r., S2 m. N. W. by W. Ilarrisburg. The cr. is na\'ii:able to 
the v., which contains several stores, mills, and manufac- 
tories of various kinds of iron-ware. 

PniLiPSPORT, p. v., Sullivan co.. j\\ Y.: on the Delaware 
and Hudson Canal, 20 m. N. E. Port Jervis, 77 m. S. S. W. 
Albany. 

Pnii-ii'STOWN, p. v., White co., UK: about 5 m. W. of 
Wabash r., US m. S. E. by S. Springfield. 

Philipsville, p. v., Alleghany co.. A' Y. : on Genesee r., 
212 m. W. by S. Albany. It contains several mills, and is 
S3 m. S. W. of Uornellsville, on the Erie R. R. 

PniLLiPPA, p. v., and cap. Barbour co., Virg.: on the E. 
fork of Monnngaht'la r., 174 m. N. W. Richmond. It con- 
tains an aradeniy, the county buildings, several stores and 
mills, and 350 inhabitants. 

Phillips' Creek, p. c, Alleghany co., K Y. : 218 m. 
W. by S. Albany. 

PuiLLipsTON, t. and p. v., Worcester co., Mass. : 5S m. 
W. by N. Boston. Drained by heads of Ware and Swift 
rivers, which move several mills and factories. Surface 
hilly ; soil adapted chiefly to grazing. Pop. of t. Si'9. 

PuiLLiPSviLLE, p. v., Erie CO., Penn. : 9 m. S. of Lake 
Erie, 195 m. N. W. llarrisliurg. 

PuiLL's CiiEEE. p. o., Jersey co., III. : on a S. br.inch of 
Macoupin cr.,55m. S. W.by S. Springfield. Name changed 
to Fidelity. 

PiULMouNT, sta., Columbia co., N. Y. : on the Harlem 
E. R., 31 m. S. of East Albany. 

PiiiLo, p. o., Muskingum co., Ohio: 85 m. E. Columbus. 

PiiiLoMATU, p. o., Oglethorpe co., Ga. : 58 m. N. by E. 
MiUedgeviHe. 

I'nu-oMATii, p. v., Union county, huK: 57 m. E. by S. 
Indianapolis. 
070 



PniLOMONT, p. 0., Loudon co., Vii-y.: 94 m, N. by W. 
Richmond. 

PuiLOPOLis, p. v., Baltimore co., Md. : on the W. side of 
Great Gunpowder Falls, 84 m. N. by W. Annapolis. The 
V. is built of stone, and contains a flourishing school. The 
Ballimore and Susquehanna R. R. passes \ ra. W. of it. 
Pop. iOO. The adjacent district abounds in limestone, is 
highly cultivated, and inhabited by Frien<!s moaily. 

Pnipp's Mills, p. c, Venango county, Penn.: 164 m. 
N. \\. by AV. Ilarrisburg. Here is a furnace of 1,200 tons 
annual capacity. 

Pnii'siiiTRG, I. and p. v., Lincoln co.. Me.: on the Atlantic, 
at the mouth of Keimebec r., W. side, 37 m. S. Augusta. 
It consists of a long, narrow peninsula, with New Meadow 
bay (m the W., and several islands; has superior facilities 
for navigation, and is largely engaged in ship-building, the 
coasting trade, and fisheries. The v. is on the Kennebec, 
and has a good harbor. Pop. of t. 1,805. 

PncENix. p. v., Oswego co., K Y: on the E. side of Oswego 
r., and on the Oswego Canal, 17 m. N. W. of Syracuse, 130 m. 
W. N. W. Albany. It contains a half dozen stores, as many 
mills, and 450 inhabitants. 

PiKEMx, p. o., Armstrong co., Penn. : 13S m. W. by N. 
Ilarrisburg. 

PiifENix, p. o., Edgefield district, S. Car. : 58 m. "W. 
Columbia. 

PntENixviLLE, p. v., Chester co., Penn. : on the W. side 
of Schuylkill r., and S. side of French cr.. at their con- 
fluence, 72 m. E. S. E. Harrisburg. It is supplied with good 
water-power, and extensively engaged in llie manufacture 
of iron and iron-ware. It has three furnaces of 13,000 tons 
annual capacity, which use steam, and in 1849 made 
8,025 tons of iron ; a nail factory, using water-power, which 
made 1,81)0 tons of nails; a rail-mill, using steam, which 
made 5,703 tons of railroad iron, and a rolling-mill, using 
steam and water, and capable of making 5.300 tons of bar 
and sheet iron per annum. In these were employed 873 
men and boys. It has also several factories and mills, and 
a population of 2,067. It is 27 m. N. W. of Philadelphia, oa 
the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad, and Schuylkill 
Navigation Canal. 

PntEsixviLLE, p. v., Windham county, Conn.: 81 m. E. 
Hartford. 

PiASA, p. 0., Macoupin co., III. : at the head of Big Piasa 
cr., 51 m. S. S. W. Springfield. 

Piatt county, Ml. Situate E. centrally, and contains 427 
sq. m. Drained by Sangamon river. Surface undulating; 
soil fertile, producing wheal and Indian corn. It has some 
prairies, and good timber land. Farms 163; marjuf. 3; 
dwell. 157, and pop.— wh. 1.000, fr. col. 0— total 1.606. Cajt- 
ital: Monticcllo. Public Wor/cs: Great Western Central 
Kailroad. 

ricAYCJNE, p. o., Henderson co., HI.: 10 m. E. of the 
Mississippi, 89 m. N. W. Springfield. 

PicKAWAT county, Ohio. Situate S. centrally, and con- 
tains 542 sq. m. Scioto river passes tlirough it centrally, by 
which and its branches it is drained. Surface even ; soil a 
fine, deep, vegetable mold, and very fertile. Chief pro- 
ductions, wheal and Indian com. It has fine pasturage, and 
large numbers of cattle, sheep, and hogs are fattened and 
sent to the eastern markets. Farms 1.201 ; manuf. 71 ; dwell. 
3,600, and pop.— wh. 20,595, fr. col. 413— total 21 OOS. Cap- 
ital: Circlcville. Public Wotls : Cincinnati, Wilmington, 
and Zanesville E. R. ; Ohio CUmal, etc. 

Pickaway Places, p. c, Monroe co., Virg. : 181 m. W. 
Richmond. 

Pickens county, Ala. Situate W. toward the N., and 
contains 9?5 sq. m. Tombigbee river passes through the 
S. W. portion, by whieli and its branches it is drained. Sur- 
face undulating ; soil ferlile, and adapted to cotton, which is 
the staple. Good croijs of wheat and corn are produced, 
and a quantity of livt-stock fat(ene<l. Part of the land is 
wooded. Farms 1.4-35; manuf. 34; dwell. 1,S90, and pop.— 



PIC 



PAL 



wh. 10.972, fr. col. 6, si. 10,534 — tola! 21,ol'2. Capital: 
Carrol U<m. 

PicKBKS district, S. Car. Siluate N. W., and contains 
9^7 sq. m. Drained by Seneca river and its branches, it 
being a tributary of Tugalao river. Surface billy and 
mdunlainous; soil fertile, making fine graziny: hind, and 
adapted to the culture of grain. Chief productions, cotton, 
tobacco, wheat, and Indian corn. Farms 1,231 ; nianuf. 2^ ; 
dwell. 2,232, and pop.— wh. 13,105, fr. col 120. si. 3,G7l»— 
total 1G,9U4 (>7;(C<;;.- Pickens. Public Works: Kabun Gap 
li, li. (proposed.) 

PiciiKSs 0. II., p. v., and cap. Pickens dist., S. Car.: on 
the W. side of Keowee r., an afllucnl of the Savannah, 13S m. 
N. W. by W. Columbia. It contains a court-house, jail, 
academy, a half dozen stores, and 800 inhabitants. The 
'* Kcowee Courier" (dein.) is published weekly. 

PirKENsviLLE p. V., Pickens county, Ala.: on the E. 
side of Tombigl»eo river, 126 miles V*'. N. "W. Montgitm- 
cry. It contains an academy, a dozen stores, and 27(i 
inhabitants. 

PuKENSviLLE, p. V., Pickeus dist., S. Car.: 116 m. N. "W. 
C^ilumbia. 

PicKKKiXG, p. 0., Chester co., Penn.: GS in. E. by S. 
Harrisburg. 

PfCKKEiNGTox, p. V., Fairfield co., Ohio: 14 ni. E. 8. E. 
Columbus. Pop. ISO. 

PicoLATA, p. v., St. John's CO., Fl^r. : on the E. hank of 
SU Jtihn's r.. 171 m. E. by S. Tallahassee, 

Piedmont, p. v., Harris co., Ga. : about G ra. E. of Chat- 
tahoochee r., Iii9 m. W. by S. Milledgeville. 

Piedmont, sUu, Allegh.iny ca. Md.: 2S m. W. of Cum- 
berland, on the Baltimore and Ohio E. li. 

PiHiucR county. Wise Situate W., and contains G40 sq. m. 
Drained by Trimble. Rush, and Isaltclla rivers; the two lat- 
ter flowing into Lake Pepin, which forms part of its S. 
boiuulary, and the fts-mer into the Mississippi on its S. K. 
border. Surface varied ; soil in parts fertile, but particularly 
»} on the river b<ittoms, which are very productive. It is 
well timbered with pine and other forest trees. This 
cirtinly has recently been erected from the S. portion of 
SU Croix. 

PiKiiCE, p. 0., Armstrong co., Penn.: 13S m. "W. N. W. 
Uarrisburg. 

X'lEKMONT, p. v. and eta., Eockland co., y. Y. : on "W, 
bank of >Iudson r., 115 ni. S. by W. Albany, '24 ni. N. by E. 
New York. It is of recent growth, consequent upon its se- 
lection as tbe E. terminus of the Erie R. R. wiihin tiie State 
of .V. y. It <ierives its name from the R. R. pier. 1 m. long. 
3n<l tlie abrupt hill (the X. termination of the Palisades), 
tipon which it is situated. It contains 2 churches, some 
stofi's, and l}ot<'ls. Its business is for the most part directly 
comiecled with the Erie R. R., which has here large dep6ls, 
c»r-bousea. machine shops, etc. Pop. about 1,000. 

PiEP.MONT. sta.. Orange co., Venn. : on Connecticut river, 
about 2 m. below the mouth of Wail's r., opposite the village 
of Piermont, Jf. I/ainp., 26 m, N, of White River Juaetion, 
on the ConaecHcut and Passunipsic Rivers R. R. 

Piermont, t and p. o.. Grafton co,, y. llamp. : on the 
Connecticut, 5S m. N. W. by N. CoRcord. Several ponrls 
in the E. feed a flue mill-stream flowing into the river. Sur- 
face elevated in the E., and soil superior pasture. On the 
r. are bniad rich raeadowo. Fanning is tiie leading busi- 
ness. Pop. 948. 

PiEEPoNT, t. and p. o.. St. LawTence co,, K. Y. : 139 m. 
N. W. by X. Albany. Drained by Racket and Grasse r. 
r^urface bn.ken and heavily timbered ; soil clayey Joam. 
Grazing is a lea'liiig interest. Pop. l,4o9. 

PiEEPOXT, I. and p. o,, Ashtabula co., Ohio : on the State 
line, 1T3 iiu N. E, Columbus. Drained by heads of Ashta- 
bula r. Surface slightly broken ; soil excellent grass land. 
Vo^. 939. 

PiEBUEPONT, sta., Jefiergon co., y. Y.: on the Water- 
tottii a-'i/l Rome E. R., IS m, S. of Watertown. 



Pir.r.r.Ei'osT Manor, p. o., Jefferson co., li. Y. : lo3 m. 
N. W. by W. Albany. 

PiFFAKU, p. o., Livingston co., N'. Y.: 193 m. W. by N 
Albany. 

PioE')K river, Big, N. Car. and Tenju: rises in Tlay^'ood 
CO., A\ O"'., and flows in N. N. "W. course, to its confluence 
with French Broad river, near Newport, Term^.ssee. 

Pigeon Ckeek, p. o., Ralls co., 310. : on a N. branch of 
Salt r., 79 m. N. N. E. Jefferson City. 

Pigeon Fohge, p. v., Sevier co., Temi.: on a S. branch 
of Nolichucky r, ISl ni. E. by S. Nashville. 

Pigeon Grove, p. o., Columbia co.. Wise. 

Pigeon Ri\'er, p. o., Haywood county, N', Car. : on a S. 
branch of the Noliehucky so called, 247 m. \V. Raleigh. 

I'liiEON lioosT, p. o., Choctaw CO., Jfiis.: 95 m. N. N. E. 
Jackson. 

Pigeon Run, p. o., Campbell co., H/'i/- ■ 93 m. W. S. "W. 
Richmond. 

PriiE county, Ala. Situate toward the S. E., and conLiins 
99G sq. m. Conecuh r. pusses centrally through it, by 
which and its branches it is drained. Surface undulating; 
soil fertile, and well adapted to coitttn,the principal produc- 
tion of the CO. Agrictdture is the leading pursuit. Farms 
1,533; manuf. 5; dwell. 1,973, and pop.— wh. 12.102, fr. coL 
24, sla. 3.79-l^totaI 15.920. Caxjital: Troy. Pubtic WorH: 
Girard and Mobile R. K. 

Pike county, Arfc. Situate toward the S. W., and con- 
tains o4o sq. m. Drained ijy branches of Little Miss(»uri r. 
Surface uneven ; soil fertile, and adapted to gnizirig. Some 
cotton is produced. Farms 207 ; manuf. 2 ; dwell. 306, and 
pop.— wh. 1,751, fr. col. 0, sla. 110— total 1,861. Capital: 
Zet)iilon. 

Pike county, Ga. Situate "W". centrally, and contains 3S3 
sq. m. Flint r. runs on its W. border, by branches of which 
it is drained. Surface hilly; soil fertile, and well ad;iptcd to 
cotton, which is the chief production. Wheat, corn, and 
potatoes are raised in large quantities. Apples, pears, and 
other fruits are also produced in the co. Pine and other tim- 
ber is grown in the land. It contains some minerals. Farms 
Sn7; m^inuf. 21 ; dwell. 1.474, and pop. — wh. S.GSG, fr. col. 
Gl, sla. 5,558 — t-ital 14.305. Capital: Zebulon. Pubiic 
Works: Macon and AVeslern R. K. 

Pike county, JU. Situate "W., and contains 735 sq. ra. 
Drained by affluents of Illinois r., which bounds it on the E., 
and (tf the Mississippi, which forms its W. boundary, and 
which supply good water-power. Surface level, and in the 
\V. low ; soil fertile. Chief productions wheat and Indiim 
corn. Pork and beef are exported. Pine and other linil)er 
abound. Farms 1,382; manuf. 37; dwell. 3,152, and pop.— 
wh. 18.7^5, fr. col. 34 — total 1S.S19. Capital: Pitisfield. 

Pike county, Ind. Situate S. W., and contains 323 sq. m. 
Drained by Patoka cr. and its S. branch. Surface rolbng ; 
6oil generally fertile, being a deep and rich loam, and very 
productive; in the eastern portion it is imlifferent, and cov- 
ered with timber. Chief productions wheat, Indian corn, 
luid tobacco. Pork and beef are exported. It contains fine 
beds of coal. Farms 909 ; manuf. 2 ; dwell. 1,2G1, and pop. 
— wh. T,710, fr. col. 10— total 7,720. Capital: Petersburg. 
Public Works: Wabash and Erie Canal. 

Pike county, A'y. Situate E., and contains 5GS sq. m. 
Draine<l by W. fork of Big Sandy river and its branches. 
Surface hilly and in pans mountainous, tlie Cumberland 
Range bounding it on the S. E. ; soil in general fertile. 
Chief productions cotton, tobacco, and Indian corn. Farms 
448; manuf. 5; dwell. 9U5, and pop.— wh. 5,250, fr. col. 17, 
si. 98— total 5.3G5. (\ipital : Piketon. 

Pike county, J//-sa\ Situate S. toward the W., and con- 
tains 846 sq. m. Drained l>y Bogue C'liiito river and its 
branches, and Tangiapaho r., which enters Lake Pi>nt('Ii:\r- 
train in La., the adjoining State. Surface even ; soil fertile, 
and adapted to the emwlh of rice and cotton, which are the 
chief productions of the CO. Farms 55S ; manuf. 19; dwell. 
698, and pop.— wh. 4,225, fr. ooL 33, sla. 3,1U2— totjil 7,360. 

671 



PIK 



PIN 



Ccpital : Holmesville. Public Woi'k^ : New Orleans, 
Jackson, and Norlliern K. R. 

Pike county, Mo. Situate E. toward the N., and contains 
5S5 sq. m. Drained by branches of Cuivrc river in the S., 
and by Salt river, which runs through iis N. K. portion and 
fall3 into the Mississippi, the E. boundary of the co. Sur- 
face undulating; soil fertile, favorable to the growth of to- 
bacco, which is a principal proiluction. Sugar and Indian 
corn are produced largely. Farms 9S9; nianuf. 47; dwell. 
1,671, and pop.— wh. 10,229, fr. col. 35, sL 8,275— toUd 13,609. 
CiipiUil: Bowling Green. 

Pike county, Ohio. Situate S., and contains 502 sq. m* 
Drained by Scioto r. and its branches. Surface varied, in 
some parts being hilly, but in general level; soil rich and 
productive. Staples wheat and Indian corn. Timber is 
abundant. Farms 731 ; manuf. 2S ; dwell. 1,935, and pop. 
— wh. 10,384, fr. col. 619— total 10,953. Capital: Pikelon. 
Public Works : Cincinnati, llillslioro' and Parkersburg 
K. E. ; Bainbridge Branch K. II. ; Ohio Canal, etc. 

Pike county, Perm. Situate E. toward the N., and con- 
tains 569 sq. m. Drained by branches of Delaware river, 
which bounds it on the E. and N., and by Lackawaxen 
river. Surface varied, for the most part it is mountainous 
and rough, but on the Delaware are some level bottoms; 
soil fertile on the streams, but in general poor. It has 
some extensive manufaclures. and much benefit is derived 
from the water-power supplied by the streams. Farms 370 ; 
manuf. 40; dwell. 964, and pop.— wh. 5,692, fr. col. 1S9— 
total 5,3S1. Capital : Milford. Public \Vwks : New York 
and Erie R. E. ; Delaware and Hudson Canal. 

Pike, t. and p, v., Wyoming co., J^. Y. : 216 m. W. 
Albany. Drained by "W. af!luents of Genesee r. Surface 
rolling; soil rich mold and alluvium. Wheat is a good 
crop, and the pastures are excellent. The v. is on West Koy 
cr., and contains a furnace, several mills, S or 10 stores, and 
about 800 inhabitants. Pop. of t. 2,003. 

Pike, p. o., Washington county, Me. ; 112 miles E. by N. 
Augusta. 

Pike, t. and p. o., Perry county, OMo : 45 m. E. S. E. 
Columbus. Occupying the water-shed between the Hock- 
ing and Muskingum, it is drained by small affluents of both, 
on which are good mill-sites. Surface varied ; soil generally 
very (erlile. Pop. 2,146. 

Pike, t. and p. o., Bradford co., Penn. : 109 m. N. N. E. 
Harrisburg. Drained by Wyaliising creek, which supplies 
numerous water privileges. Surface broken ; soil gravelly. 
Lumber is a large exporL * 

Pike Creek, p. o., Eipley co., Mo. : 1-39 m. S. E. by S. 
Jefferson City. 

Pike Miu3, p. o.. Potter co., Penn.: on Pine cr., lOS m. 
N. N. W. Harrisburg. 

Pike Pond, p. o., Sullivan county, 2^. 3' .• 83 miles S. W. 
Albany. 

Pike Ron, t. and p. o., Washington co., Penn. : 157 m. 
W. Harrisburg. Drained by Pike Run, an aflliieut of the 
Monongahela, which forms its E. boundary. Surface divcr- 
Bifled ; soil productive and well tilled. The National Road 
crosses it. 

Pikesville, p. v., Baltimore county, Md. : 7 m. N. W. 
Baltimore, 31 m. N. N. W. Annapolis. It contains an 
academy, and 250 inhabitants. A little S. of it is a U. S. 
Arsenal. 

Piketon, p. v., Marion county, Ind.: 8 miles N. W. 
Indianapolis. 

PiKETos, p. v. and cap., Pike co., A'y. : on the W. fork 
of Big Sandy r., 139 m. E. by S. Frankfort. It contains a 
court-house, jail, academy, several stores and mills, and BOO 
inhabitants. 

Piketos. p. v., and cap. Pike co., Ohio: on the left bank 
of Scioto r.. 61 ra. S. by E. Columbus. It is 24 m. above the 
mouth of the r., on the opposite side of which is the Ohio 
Canal, and contains a court-house, jail, a dozen stores, and 
690 inhabiUints. The Cincinnati, Hillsboro', and Parkers- 
67S 



burg R. R. passes through it, 96 m. E. of Cincinnati. The 
" P. Journal" (whig) is published weekly. 

Pike Township, p. o., Berks co., Penn. : on Manatawny 
creek, 61 m. E. by N. Harrisburg. Here are 2 forges, which 
in 1S49 made 24<3 tons of blooms. 

Pike Valley, p. o., Poller co., PeTin. : 112 ro. N. N. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Pikeville, p. v., and cap. Marion co., Ala.: about 8 m. 
E. of Buttahatchie r., 143 m. N. W. Montgomery. It con- 
tains the CO. buildings, several stores, and 250 inhabitants. 

I'lKEViLLE, p. v., Chickasaw county, i/wA ; US m. N. E, 
Jackson. 

PiKEviLLB, p. v., and cap. Bledsoe co., Tcnn. : on the W. 
side of Sequalchy r., 92 m. E. S. E. Nashville. It contains 
the county buildings and 300 inhabitants. 

PiLATKA, p. v., and cap. Putnam co., Plor. : on the W. 
side of St. John's river, 178 m. E. S. E. Tallahassee. Lat. 
29° 38'. It is the place of re-shipment of the exports of the 
Upper St. John's and Ocklawaka rivers, and has regular 
steamboat connection with Savannah and Charleston. The 
exports are sugar, cotton, rice, etc., for the production of 
which the cane-brake marshes of the SL John's are so 
famous. It has recently been made a port of delivery. 
PiLcnEH, p. 0., Belmont co., Ohio: 106 m. E. Columbus. 
Pillar Point, p. o., Jefferson co., iV. Y. : on a peninsula 
on the N. side of the mouth of Black r., 146 m. N.W. by W. 
Albany. 
Pillow, p. o., Dauphin co., Penn. 
PiLLowviLLE, p. o., Weakly county, Tenn.: 104 m. W. 
Nashville. 

Pilot, p. v., Vermillion co., III. : 4 m. N. of Vermillion 
river, 95 m. E. by N, Springfield. 
Pilot Grove, p. o., Lee co., 2a. : 68 m. S. Iowa City. 
Pilot Grote, p. o., Hancock co., III. : 92 m. W. N. W. 
Springfield. 

Pilot Grote, p. o., Cooper co., Mo.: 44 m. W. N. W. 
Jefferson City. 

Pilot Grove, p. o., Grayson co., Tex. : on a small head 
stream of East Trinity r., 233 m. N. by E. Austin City. 

Pilot Hill, p. v., and cap. Fulton county. Ark. : 110 ra. 

N. by E. Little Rock. It contains the county buildings and 

several stores. 

Pilot Hill, p. o.. Mason co.. Til. : 42 m. N.W. Springfield. 

Pilot Knob, St. Fran9ois co.. Mo. : 21 m. S. S. E. Potnsi ; 

a mountain of iron, 1,500 feet high. See Missouri, p. 493. 

Pilot Knob* p. 0., Todd co., Ky.: 153 m. S. W. by W. 
Frankiort. 

Pilot Knob, p. c, Crawford co., 7?^. ; 119 m. E. S. E. 
Springfield. 

Pilot Peak, Utah Ter.: a lofty peak in the range of 
mountains between Great Salt Lake and the Humboldt 
River Mountains. 

PiNCKNEY, p. v., Livingston co., Mich. : 89 m. S. E. by E. 
Lansing. 

Pinokney, p. v., Warren co., Mo. : on the N. side of the 
Missouri, 51 m. E. by N. Jefferson City. 

PiNCKNEY, p. o., Williamson co., Temi. : 24 m. S. by W. 
Nashville. 

PiNCKNEYViLLE, p. V., Tallapoosa CO., Ala. : on the Ililla- 
bie Hatchie, a W. affluent of Tallapoosa r., 52 m. N. N. E. 
Montgomery. 

PiNOKNEYViLLE, p. V., Gwinnctt CO., Ga. : on the 8. side 
of Chattahoochie r., 91 m. N. W. Milledgeville. 

PiNOKNEY^'iLLE, p. v., and Cap. Perry co,. III.: on Big 
Beaucoup cr., a N. branch of Big Muddy r., 124 m. S. by E. 
Springfield. It contains a court-house, jail, high-school, 
several stores, and 500 inhabitants. 

PiNOKNEvviLLE, p. v., Union dist., S. Car.: on the W. 
side of Broad r., near the mouth of Pacolet r, 66 m. N. N.W. 
Columbia. 

Pine Blitff, p. v., and cap. Jefferson co., ArJc. : on the 
right bank of Arkansas r.. 36 m. S. S. E. Little Rock. It 
contains a court-house, jail, academy, and 460 inhabit- 



PIN 



PIN 



nnts. Corn and live-stock are SL-nt down the r. Troiii lliis 
point to a large amount. The "Arkansas llepublicau" 
(dem.) is published weekly. 

Pine Bluff, p. o., Callaway co., Kr/. : 206 m. W. S. W. 
Frankfort. 
Pine Bluff, p. o., Dane co., TTV.sr. 
Pine Bluff, p. o., Copiah eo.. Miss.: on a S. branch of 
Bayou Pierre, 32 ni. S. W. Jackson. 

Pise Blltf, p. v., Pulaski co., Mo. : near the confluenee 
of Big Piney fork and Gasconade r., 46 m. y. Jefferson Cily. 
Pine Bluffs, p. o., Red Kivcr co., jfl-vP. .• on Ecd river, 
206 ni. N. N. K. Auslin Cily. 

PiNEBuKo', p. o., Marion co., Flor.: near the source of 
Oclawaha r., 167 m. S. E. Tallahassee. 

Pine Brook, p. v., Morris co., N. Jei\ : on the N. side of 
Passaic r., 4S ni. N. E. by N. Trent«>n. 

Pine Creek, p. o., Calhoun co., ^fich. : on an affluent of 
•tlie St. Joseph's, 5S m. S. W. Lansina;. 

Pine Creek, p. c, Tioga co., Penn.: 9S m. N. by W. 
Harrisburg. 

Pine Ckeek, p. o., Ogle co., III. : on a W. afiluent of 
Kock r., 153 m. N. Springfield. 

Pine Flat, p. o., Bossier parish, Z<i. : 195 in. N. W. 
Baton Rouge. 

PiNF, Grove, p. o., St. Tammany par., La. : on the E. 
side of Tangipahoa r., 47 m. E. Baton Rouge. 

Pine Grove, p. o., Steuben co., iV. }'. ; 153 m. W. by S. 
Albany. 

Pine Grove, p. o., Gallia co., Ohio: S2 m. S. E. by S. 
C<'hinibu9. 

Pine Grovk, t. and p. v., Sehnylkill co., Penn.: 31 m. 
N. W. Harrisburg. Drained by Swatara cr. and branches, 
which supply abundant water-p'iwer. Surface mountain- 
ous, an<i heavily timbered ; soil best fitted for grazing. The 
V. is on the rr., along which a navigable feeder of the Union 
Canal extends S. W. to its junction, and a branch railroad 
N. to the Mine Hill R. R. and the coal region. It contains 
a spacious basin fiir canal boats, S or 10 stores, and 612 in- 
habitants. A furnace of 1,200 tons capacity is 2 m. distant, 
and another of 1,900 tons 6 ra. dislnnt. In 1S49, TS.299 tuns, 
and in 1S50, 02,809 tons of anthracite coal were shipped 
from this point. The capital invested in the coal mines in 
this t. is $27,000 ; monthly wages paid, $2,024 ; annual pro- 
duct, ij;3",000. 

Pine Gkove, p. o., Clark county, Xy. ; 43 m. E. S. E. 
Frankfort. 

Pine Grove, p. c, "Wetzel county, Virff. : 219 m. N. W. 
Richmond. 

Pine Grove Mills, p. o.. Centre co., Ptvin. : on a branch 
of Bald Eagle cr, 61 m. N.'W. by "W. Harrisburg. Near the 
mills, in Huntingdon county, is a furnace of 1,S00 tons 
capacity. 

Pine Hill, p. o., Wilcox county, Ala. : 53 m. "W. S. W. 
Montgomery. 
Pine Hill. p. o., York co., Pen». 

Pine Hill. p. v., Tall)ot co., Ga. : on Tpatoi cr., and near 
the Muscogee R. R., 92 m. W. S. W. Milledgeville. 

Pine Hill, p. o., Washila par., La. : 149 m. N. N. W. 
Baton Rouge. 

Pine Hill, p. o., Ulster county, K. Y. : 4S rn. S. W. 
Albany. 

Pine Hill, p. v., Washington co., R. I.: 21 m. S. W. 
Providence. 

Pine Hill, p. c, Rusk county, Tev. : 212 m. N. E. by E. 
Austin City. 

Pine Hook, p. v.. Grant county, TT/.sc. ; 73 m. "W. S. "W. 
Madison. 

Pine Lake, p. o., Oakland county, 3fich. : 62 m. E. by S. 
Lansing. 

Pine Land, p. o., Meigs county, Tcnn. : 115 m. E. S. E. 
Nashville. 

Pine Level, p. o., Montgomery co., Ala. : near the source 
of Coloma cr., 26 m. S. E. Montgomery. 



Pine Lick, p. o., Clark co., Ind. ; on the N. fork of Silver 
cr., S3 m. S. by E. Indianapolis. 

Pine Loo, p. o., Cass county, Ga. : 132 m. N. W. 
Milledgeville. 
Pine Meadow, p. o., Litchfield co., Conn. 
Pine Plain, p. o., Montcalm co., Mich. : 39 m. N. N. W. 
Lansing. 

Pine Plains, t. and p. v.. Duchess county, jV. Y.: 44 ra. 
S. by E. Albany. Drained by Chicomico and Wappinger's 
creeks, the latter rising in a pond in this t. Surface an 
extensive plain, with high hills on the E. and W. ; soil sandy 
or gravelly loam, and very fertile. A farming and grazing 
t., with various small manufactories. The v. contains a 
bank, a half dozen stores, and 300 inhabitants. I*op. of 
I. 1,416. 

Pine Plains, p. o.. Ocean county, JV. Jer.: 25 m. S. E. 
Trenton. 

Pine River, p. o., Marquette co., WUc. : 52 m. N. N. E. 
Madison. 

Piner's Cross Roads, p. o., Kenton county, K)/. : 53 m. 
N.N. E. Frankfort. 

Pine's Bridge, p. o., Westchester county, JV. Y. : 91 m. 
S. Albany. 

Pine Street, p. o.. Elk county, Penn.: 103 m. N. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Pine Town, p. v., Cherokee co., Tej; : 192 m. E. N. E. 
Austin City. 

Pine Tree, p. c, Upshur co., Tex. : 236 m. N. E. Austin 
City. 

PiNR Valley, p. o., Chemung co., K Y. : 157 m. W. by 
S. Albany. 

Pine Valley, p. o., Warren co., Penn.: 163 m. N. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Pine View, p. o., Fauquier co., Virg. : 76 m. N. N. W. 
Richmond. 

P!Ni!\nLLE, p, v., Marengo co.. Ala. : about 4 m. E. of 
Tombigee r., 103 m. W. by S. Montgomery. 

PiNEviLLE, p. o., Gloucester co., iV. Jer. : 41 m. S. W. by 
S. Trenton. 

PiNEvn.LE. p. o., Bossier parish. La.: 203 m. N. W. 
Baton Rouge. 

PiNEviLi.E, p. v., Marion co., Ga.: 105 m. S. W. by W. 
Milledgeville. 

Pinf;ville, p. v., M'Donald county, Mo.: 176 m. S. W 
Jefferson City. 

Pineville, p. o., Smith county. Mm.: 41 m. E. S. E. 
Jackson. 

Pineville, p. v., Bucks county, Penn. : 97 miles E. 
Harrisburg. 

Pineville. p. v., Charleston dist., S. Car. : about 6 m. S. 
of Santee r, 71 m. S. E. by E. Columbia. 

Pine Woods, p. c, Madison co., PI. : 73 m. S. by W. 
Springfield. 

Piney, p. o., Johnson co., Arl: : on a N. affluent of the 
Arkansas r., 76 m. N. W. Little Rock. 

Piney Creek, p. o., Carroll co.. Md. : on an affluent of 
Monocacy r. so called, 58 m. N. W, Annapolis. 

PiN'Ev Grove, p. o., Sampson co., -V. Car. : 54 m. S. S. E. 
Raleigh. 

PiNGREE Grove, p. o., Kane co., PL: 1C9 m. N. N. E. 
Springfield. 

Pink Hill, p. o,, Marshall co., Miss. : 169 m. N. by E. 
Jackson. 

PiNic Hill, p. o., Lenoir co., JV. Car. : 62 m. E. S. E. 
Raleigh. 

PiNKNEY, t. and p. o., Lewis CO.. K Y. : 129 m. N.W. by W. 
Albany. Drained by Deer and Sandy creeks. Surface 
mostly even ; soil a fertile, sandy, or clayey loam. A fine 
grazing t., well timbered. Pop. 1.208. 

Pinnellville, p. v., Jones co., Miss. : 11 m. S. E. by E. 
Jackson. 

Pin Oak, p. o., Dubuque county, Ja. : 67 m. N. N. E. 
Iowa City. 

679 



PIN 



PIT 



PiNTLALA, p. o., Monigonu'ryco., Ala. ■ on Pintlulu cr., a 
S. tributary of AlutKuna r., 12 m. S. by W. Montgomery. 

Pintler'h Corners, p. o., Ottawa county, MU-h.: 73 m. 
TV. by N. Lansing. 

Piny, p. o., Clarion county, Pcnn.: 142 m. W. N. W. 
Harrisburg. 

PiKY Gbeem, p. 0., Onslow co., X. Cur. : S9 m. S. E. 
Kaleigh. 

Pioneer, p. o., Greene county, JU. : 49 miioa S. W. 
SpringfiekK 

Pioneer, p. o., Williams county, Ohio: 139 m. N. W. 
Columbus. 

Pioneer Grove, p. v., Cedar co., la. : 22 m. N. E. by N. 
Iowa City. 

Pioneer Mills, p. c, Cabarras county, If. Car. : 106 m. 
"W". by S. Raleigh. 

Pipe Creek, p. o., Madison co., Jiid.: on a N. affluent 
of W. fork of White r., 36 m. N. N. E. Indianapolis. 

PtPEusviLLE. p. 0., Bucks CO., Peuu.: on the j^. side of 
Tohickon cr., 4 m. W. of Delaware river, 92 m. E. by N. 
Harrisburg. 

Pipe Stone, L and p. o., Berrien county, Mich.: 107 m. 
S. W. by W. Lansing. Drained by Pipestone cr. of tlie St. 
Joseph's. Surface rolling; snil sandy loam of great ft-rtil- 
ily. An excellent farming I., with superior grazing lands. 

PiQUA, p. v., Miami co., Ohio: on the right bank of 
Miami river, and on the line of the Miami Canal, 66 ni. 
W. by N. Columbus. The Columbus, Piqua, and Indiana 
K. E., and the Dayton and Michigan P. K, also intersect 
this point, the first running E. and W., and the latter N. and 
S. A considerable commerce necessarily centres here, and 
its prospective advance in manufactures and trade is very 
encouraging. The waste water of the canal affords it good 
waler-power, and steam-power is also used to a considera- 
ble extent. The consumption of coal in the v. in ISoO was 
less than 4,000 bushels, but in ISol at least 10,000 bushels 
Wire consumed, and the quantity must rapidly increase 
when the railroads connecting here are completed. This 
increa'^e may be taken as an index to the increase of its man- 
ufactures. Piqua has also a large wholesale and retail 
trade with the adjacent country. It contains 10 or 12 
churches of various denominations, about GOO dwellings, 
many of brick, and substantially built, and the streets are 
spacious and regularly laid out The periodicals published 
here are the " P. Kegisler" (whig), semi-weekty and weekly ; 
the ''Enquirer" (dem.), weekly, and the "Miami Commer- 
cial" (neutral). A branch of the Stale Bank is located here, 
capital $1110,000, and circulation in Nov., ISol, $172,908. 
Pop. in L?40, 1,4SI, and in 1S50, 3,277. 

PiQUEA, p. 0., Lancaster county, Penn. : 41 m. S. E. 
Harrisburg. 

PiscATAQUA river, N. Ilainp. : rises in Wakefield t., flows 
S. S. E., and furnis tlie boundary line between y. llinnp. 
and Me. Its entrance into the Atlantic is by a broad estu- 
ary forming one of the best harbors in the United Slates. 
Its upper portions, with Ha tributaries, are navigable for 
sloops. 

Piscataquis county, Me, Situate N. centrally, and con- 
tains 8,7S0 sq. m., comprising a large extent of country 
stretching to the Canada line. Drained by Piscataquis, 
Penobscot, Sebec, and Pleasant rivers, by which good wa- 
ter-power is supplied. Surface diversified with numerous 
lakes and ponds, the largest of which are Moose Head, 
Pemadumcook, and Chesuncook. Soil feriile on tlie Pis- 
cataquis, and is generally productive on the streams. It 
has some mountains, among which is Kalahdin. Farms 
1,779 ; manuf. 61 ; dwell. 2,539, and pop.— wh. 14,733, fr. col. 
3— total 14,735. Capital: Dover. 

PiscATAQFis river, Me.: ahirge W. branch of Penobscot 

river, risiing in S. W. part of Piscataquis co.. and fluws E. 

by N. 65 m. to its junction with the Penobscot at llowland ; 

it affords good wat^^r-power. 

PisCATAQUoG Tivcr, N. llamp. : a W. branch ofMerrimac 

6S0 



river, flowing through N. part of Hillsboro' county, is a good 
mill stream. 

PiscATAWAT. p. v., PrincG Gcorgc's CO., Md.: on HieS. 
side of Piscatway river, 7 m. above its mouth, 33 m. S. W, 
Annajjolis. 

PiscoLA. p. o., Lowndes co., Oa.: near Withlacoocheo 
river, 172 m. S. by W. Milledgevilie. 

Pise.o lake, A". 3'.; in Arietta t., Hamilton co.. 6 m. long, 
2 in. wide, abounding with superior tn)ul and other fl.<h— a 
noted resort for anglers. The surrounding region also 
abounds with game. 

PiSGAu, p. v., Cooper co., Mo. : 29 m. W. N. W. Jefferson 
Cily. 
PiSGAn, p. o., Butler co., Ohio : 94 m. W. S. W. Columbus. 
Pisiion's Ferry, p. o., Kennebec co., Me. 
PiTCAiRN, t. and p. o., St. Lawrence co., A^. Y.: 127 m. 
N. W. Albany. Drained by W. Branch of Oswegatehie r. 
Surface moderately uneven; soil clayey, and adapted to 
grass growing. Pup. 503. 

Pitcher, t. and p. v., Chenango co., A'! 3' : 107 ra. W. 
Albany. Drained by Otselic r. and branches, on which are 
good mill-sites. Surface uneven, and somewhat broken ; 
soil fertile loam. The v. is on the r., and conl:uns several 
stores and mills, and 300 inhabitants. Pop. of t 1,403. 

Pitcher Springs, p. v., Chenango co., }f. Y. : 103 m. W. 
Albany, Here are the sulphur springs, known as "Sylvan 
Springs," an academy, and about 40 houses. 

Pitch Landing, p. o., Hertford co., 2f. Car. ; on Wickason 
cr., a S. affluent of Chowan r., 101 m. E. N. E. Paleigh. 

Pitman, p. o., Schuylkill county, J'enn.: 43 m. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Pitt county, K Car. Situate toward the E., and contains 
5S3 sq. m. Drained by Tar river. Tranter's creek, and 
Grindle's cr., its branches, and Swift's creek. Surface level ; 
soil fertile, and with cultivation highly productive. Staple 
articles of commerce, cotton and Indian corn. Farms G:^; 
manuf. 41; dwell. 1,315, and pop.— wh. 6,664, fr. col. 100, 
si. 6,633— total 13,397. Capital: Greenville. 

PiTTSBORo', p. v., and cap. Chatham co., X. Car. : on 
Robinson's creek, a W. branch of Haw r., 32 ni. W. by S. 
Raleigh. It contains a court-house, jail, academy, and 300 
inhabitants. 

PiTTSBORo', p. v., Hendrick's co., Iiid. : IS m. W. N. W. 
Indianapolis. Named from the preceding v., from which 
its founder emigrated. 

PiTTSBUP.fi, p. v., Johnson co., Arl% : on the N. side of the 
Arkansas, 77 m. N. W. by W. Little Rock. 

Pittsburg, p. v., Carroll co., Ind. ; on the W. bank of 
the Wabash, 62 m. N. N. W. Indianapolis. A dam for a 
feeder of the canal furnishes excellent water-power, which 
is used for a foundry, woolen factory, and several mills. 

Pittsburg, p. v., Van Buren co., la. : on the right bank 
of the Des Moines, at tho mouth of Chequest cr., 67 m. 
S. S. W. Iowa City. 

Pittsburg, p. v.. Hickory co., 3fo. : on Pomme de Terre 
river, a S. branch of the Osage, 76 m. S. W. Ji fferson City. 
Pittsburg, p. city, port of entry, and cap. Alleghany co., 
Ptmn. : at the point formed by the confluence of the Alle- 
ghany and Monongaliela, the great constituents of the Ohio 
r., and by railroad 252 m. W. by N. Harrisburg. Lat, 
4<P 32' N.. and long. SO^ 02' W. Its suijurb, Alleghany City, 
also occupying a point of land, is located to the north-west 
and on the opposite side of the Alleghany, and to all intents 
and purposes, having the same interests, is a part <»f Pittsburg. 
South Pittsburg and Birminghnm are manufacturing vil- 
lages on the opposite side of the Monougahela r. ; and there 
are in the vicinity, in every direction within the suburban 
district, numerous other villages of considerable population 
and industrial character. 

Pittsburg is built f)n a triangular plain, hemmed in on 
the rear by several hills. It is a compactly built and largo 
city, but has the dingy apjK-arance which so well indicates 
the industrial occupations of the inhabitants. Tho city waa 



PIT 



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originally lai^i out on IIil- N. K. I>;inl<: of the MnimnLMlK-ln, 
and pliinaeil afit-r !lie nKxiel of rhila<i)'Iiiliiii, wilh slroels 
running parallfl with the rivers, ami olliers crossing llieni 
at right angles. The streets on liie AUogliany are hit-l out 
on a similar plan, and hence a ^hortdi3lanL■l■ from tlie Aile- 
Chany tiie old and lu-w streeis UKa-t in oblique direclions, 
a^siinilating its appearance to Iliat of the lower section of 
New York City, llolh rivers are japanned by bridges, wliieh 
wrtU several steam ft-rriis, connect the city wilh the sub- 
urbs. The renusylvania Cunul crosses the river by an 
aqueduct. 

The siteof Piltsburc: is a natural amphitheatre; the rivers 
flow in channels Irom 45i) to 4C5 feet below Ihe higlusl 
peaks of the neighboring hills. These hills, inclosing the 
city, are full of bittuninous eo:d, which is easily mined, and 
affords to the jiluce tin* vast inanufacUiring facilities for 
which it is f.ime.l. The coal strata lie 3i)0 teet above Ihe 
alluvial plain, jtnd the coal fornialiun, as general in the Ohio 
valley, is horizontal. Along the base of these hills and 
some distance u|i Iheir declivity, the cily expands itself, and 
on every side Ihu eye rests upou a scene of rich and varied 
landscape. 

Old Fort Du Quesne, so celebrated in the French and 
colonial wars, formerly occupied the site on which the city 
now stands. At the close of the Kevolulionary War it was 
still but an insignificant village. In 17S4, the ground, which 
belonged to the liL-irs of i'enn, was laid out into town loL*;, 
and two years later Ihe village contained about 100 dwell- 
ings. It was consliiuled the capital of Alleghany county in 
1791. In 1796, its i)opulalion amounted to 1.395. 

Among the public buihiings of Pittsburg, the Court-house 
is conspicuous. It is a handsome building of Graeco-Doric 
architecture, 105 feet long and 100 feet deep, and Ihe height 
of the dome 14S feet fnim the ground. About $'200,000 were 
expended on its c*mstruction. The Uoman Catholic Calhe- 
dral, on Grant's Hill, is also a noble edifice, and many of 
the other churches, between 70 and SO in number, are in 
the best style of ecclesiastical building. It contains, besides, 
4 large banking houses, several insurance offices, 3 market- 
houses, a well furnished museum, numerous large and 
splendid hotels, railroad dep6ts, etc. The Western Uni- 
versity of Pennsylvania is located here, and numerous as- 
sociations, which afford great conveniences to the inhabit- 
ants in literary and scientific pursuits. 

As a maruif.iciuring city, Pittsburg is second in the State 
only to Phil1<U Iphia, and has, perhaps, no competitor in 
the branches of itiduslry which are carried on in its work- 
shops. It is the Pirndngham of America. In 1S50 it had 
13 rolling-mills, wilh a capiUd of $5,000,000, employing 2,500 
hands, consuming tio,OoO Ions of pig mrtal, and producing 
annually bar iron and nails to the value of $4,000,000 ; 30 
large foundries, with several smaller ones, with an aggre- 
gate capital of $-2,000,000 and 2,500 hands, using 20,0ii0 tons 
of pig iron, and yielding arlicles valued at $2,000,000 annu- 
ally; 2 establishments for manufacturing locks, latches, cof- 
fee-mills, scales, au'l other iron casting, em])loying 500 hands 
and a capital of $250,000, using 1.200 tons metal, and pro- 
ducing annually to Ihe value of $;J,000,000: 5 large cotton 
factories, and several smaller ones— capital $1,500,000, hands 
1.5flit, cotton consumed 1.1,000 bales, and products valued at 
upwanl of $1,500,1100 annually ; 8 flinl-gla'^s manufactories 
— capital $300-000. hands ."lOO, and producing various article-s 
of glass, in the manufacture <if which 150 tons lead and 200 
tons pearl ash are used, to the value of $400,000 annually ; 
7 phial furnaces and 11 window-glass factories — capital 
$25'),000, hands GOO, anil annual products $600,000 ; 1 soda- 
a*^h factory, employing 75 hands, and producing annually 
1.500 tons ; 1 cop|)rr smelting house, producing 600 tons re- 
fined copper annuidly, valued at $3S0 per ton ; 1 copper 
rolling-mill, produrin2 annually .SOD tons sheathing and bra- 
zier's copper ; 5 white U-atl factories — capital $150,(t00, hands 
60, and producing 150,(i00 kegs annually, worth $200,000. 
There are also a number of manufactories of theamaller sizes 

04 



of iron, several extensive manuf:icloric9 of axes, liatchcls, 
etc., anti spring-steel, steel springs, axles, anvils, vices, mills, 
cross-cut and other saws, gun barrels, shovels, spades, forks, 
hoes, cut tacks, brads, etc. The products of ihe manul'ac- 
turcs in Ihe aggregate are valued at between $5ii,0(i0,000 and 
$60.(iOi),0(iO aunually. There are consumed about 12,0u0,000 
bu-shels of coal annually, worth $0iHUH)O, and an equal 
quantity is eX|iorte<l from the city, giving employment con- 
siautly to4,UiiO hands. 

As a trading mart, Pittsburg has many advantages. At 
Ihe junction of two great rivers and at Ih'- lifad of the no- 
bk- Ohio, it has access by watt-r to Ihe wholt- valley drained 
by the tributaries of the Mississippi. Willi IIr; Atlaniic 
sia-board it has connection by means of the Pennsylvania 
Canal and Paitroad, (>ver which an immenst? transit and 
internal commerce is carried on, and ils conm-clioii wilh 
Lake Krie is provided fur. Wc^lwanl long lini's <tf railroad 
bring it into juxt'iposilion wilh all the great cities in that 
direction, and open to it highways to and bi^yond the Mis- 
sissippi. Its harbor is well suited for tlic river commerce. 
The "Orleans," the first steamer that plied on the western 
waters, was built here in ISll, since which period the c<mi- 
merce of the cily has steadily increased. In 1S50 there 
were owned in Pittsburg 4^3.476 tons of shipping, of which 
44.571 tons were navigaied by steam. In 1^51 its steam 
marine amounted to 47,911 tons. This is employed on the 
riverb in transporting passengers an'l goods to the various 
ports. Eighteen steamers and 4 schooners (.3,2::JS tons) were 
built in 1S50. These are floating palaces, Ihe admiralion of 
every one, and at any one tiro*; 30 or 40 of such may be 
seen at the wharves destined to various ports on the Ohio, 
Mississippi, and Missouri, 

The retail trade of the city is also on a vast scale, the 
stores filled wilh the most splendid mauuraclures, arti- 
cles of apparel, and all the luxuries of the talde ami house- 
hold, are not surpassed by those of even the palaces of New 
York and Philadelphia. The amount of business transacted 
is immense and ever increasing. Pittsburg has also a large 
wholesale tr.ide, and many westerti miTchants make up 
their stocks .at this point, instead of traveling to the greac 
cities of the sea-buard. There are four banks in tin; cily — 
cai-iial $2,41S.imii. 

Pittsburg is governed by a mayor, aldermen, and com- 
mon council; its police is excellenl, and crime and destitu- 
tion less frcqvLcnt than in most other large places. Perhaps 
this freedom from social evils may be allributed chiefly to 
Ihe pro.sperily of the manufactures and trades. It h;is a 
well organized tire department, and numerous nnlitary 
companies, many of which are uniformed and well drilled. 
The streets, stores, and dwellings are lighted wilh gas, 
which is manufacluretl from bituminous coal, and water ia 
supplie<l from the Alleghany river by means of machinery, 
and distributed through iron pipes. Fi>r civil purposes Iho 
city is divided into nine wards. The value of taxable 
property in the cily in 1351 amounted to $65,000,000. 

The means of education provided in the cily are ample. 
In 1>'50 there were 36 public schools, and 10 others wero 
being built: teachers. 71— males 10, ami females 52; schol- 
ars, 5,141 — males 2,5S3, and females 2.561 ; cost of instruc- 
lirm, $17,5^6. of which $2,804 was from the .State scIhm.I 
fund, and the remainder raised by taxation. These .schools 
are conducted under the general law. There ar.' also other 
academies, seminaries, grammar schools, etc, chiefly pri- 
vate establishments, at which large nunil^ers of ehililrcn are 
educated. 

The periodical press of Pittsburg consists of 11 daily 
newspapers, 2 Iri-weeklies. 17 weeklies, 1 semi-monthly, 
and 2 monthlie,s. The dailies are, the '* P. Gazed.-" (whig), 
the "Moruing Post" (dem.), the "Staats Zeilung" (whig), 
the *'P. Courier." the "Tribune and Express" (indep.), the 
"Chniniclf," the "Commercial Jminial"' (whig), the "Dis- 
patch" (indep.), the "Transcript and Commereial Adver- 
tiser," Iho "P. American" (whig), and the "Daily News." 

€Sl 



PIT 

The tri-weeklies are, the " P. Gazette" and " Commercial 
Journal," editinnsi of the dailies of the same title ; the week- 
lies are, the " P. Gazette." the " Saturday Post," the " Staals 
Zviiung." the *• Commercial Journal," the '* Dispatch," and 
the "P. American," editions of dailies, "Der Freiheita 
Frtimd," the "P. Mercury," the "Iron City" (lit.), the 
"American Protestant" (relig.), the "Ledger." the "Chris^ 
tian IlL-rald" (Meth.), the "Saturday Visitor" (lit.), the 
"Prestjytt-rian Advocate," the " Preacher," the "P. Chris- 
tian Advocate" (Meth.); the semi-monthly is the "Friend 
of Missions," and the monthlies are "Sibbet's Western Re- 
view" and the *' Missionary." 

The population of Pittsburg in ISIO was 4.7GS ; in lS2fl, 
7,24S; in 1830,12,563; in I&IO, 21,115; and in 1S50, 46.601. 
In these sums the population of the city proper is only 
stated. The city, including its metropolitan district, in 1850 
contained 86,771, and in January, 1663, 110,241 inhab- 
itants. 

Ali^g?L(iny Citt/, the principal suburb, of -which a brief 
mention has been made in its ali)habelical order, is in itself 
a considerable place. It enjoys the same facilities for manu- 
factures, commerce, and internal trade as Pittsburg, but 
perhaps not in so aAvanl^igeous a degree, and is occupied 
chietly in the same pursuits. Here is assembled a popula- 
tion of 21.261 souls; in 1S30 the city contained only 2.801, 
and in 1S40, 10,0S9 inhabitants, being an increase of 2G0.2 
per cent., and the increase in the decade ending 1S50, was 
110.7 per cent. Alleghany, indeed, has at the latter date 
the same population as Pittsburg had in 1S40. The West- 
ern Penitentiary of Pennsylvania is located in Alleghany, 
and is a very expensive edifice. The Western Theological 
Seminary (Presb.) is also established here. It occupies a 
commanding eminence, overlooking the surrounding coun- 
try. The building is 150 feet long, the centre being 4 stories 
and the wings 3 stories high. There are about 30 churches 
in the city, several of them large and elegant structures. 
Tlie city has a considerable commercial and manufacturing 
interest. Hardware and cutler>', iron work of all kinds, 
machinery, cotton goods, and numerous other valuable 
manufactures are produced. The whole manufacturing 
capital of the place is nearly $4,000,000, and goods to a great 
value are annually produced. It is divided into 4 wards, 
and is governed by a mayor and common coimcil. In 1850 
it had 27 common schools, with 42 teachers and 3,270 schol- 
ars— 1,730 males, and 1.540 females. 

Binningham borough is another important suburb. It is 
on the S. side of the Monongahela, about 1 m. distant from 
the centre of Pittsburg. It has considerable manufactures 
of iron, glass, pottery, etc., and a population of 3.742. A 
briilge and a ferry connect it with the city. South Pitts- 
hiirg, adjoining it on the W., has 1,SS3 inhabitants, and 
^iiftt Sinningha7nYia9 1,694 inhabitants. Ma nch filter, on 
the W. of Alleghany City, has 1,775. Lawrenceville, on the 
Alleghany, above Pittsburg, 1,746, and Sharpsburg, higher 
up on the opposite side the river, 1,229 inhabitants. 

PiTTSiiuRG, t. and p. o., Coos eo., 2^. I/amp. : in the ex- 
treme N. of the State, 133 m. N. by E. Concord. It com- 
prises a large territory of rugged surface, densely wooded, 
and contains Connecticut lake, and several head streams of 
the Connecticut. Pop. 425. 

PiTTfiFTELD, p. V., and cap. Pike co., M. : 64 ra. W. by S. 
Springlield. It lies on the high land between the Mis- 
sissippi and the Illinois, about 11 m. W. of tlie latter, and 
has a healthy location and a growing trade. It contains a 
court-house, jail, academy, and 15 or 20 stores. The "Pike 
County Free Press" (whig), and "The Union" (dem.), are 
issued weekly. 

PiTtsFiELD, t and p. v., Berkshire co., 3fa8s. : 114 m. W. 
Boston. Lat. N. 420 26' 55", long. W. 7S0 15' 36". Surljicc 
of t. is elevated, and moderately uneven ; soil fertile loam. 
Drained by Housatonic r. and the Pontoosuc, which unite 
near the v., and afFonl water-power. The v. is jileasantly 
Bituated near the centre of the t., and is surrounded with 



PIT 

beautiful scenery. It is regularly laid out and handsomely 
built. At its centre is a handsome square, containing 4 
acres, upon the sides of which are some of the principal 
buildings. There are four churches. 1 bank, capital 1200.000, 
and numerous fact<^>ries. The Berkshire Medical Institution, 
located here, was founded in 1S23. In 1S50 it had 5 pro- 
fessors, 103 students, and 473 alumni. The Young Ladies' 
Institute is a very flourishing and popular seminary, it oc- 
cupies 3 handsome buildings, and is surrounded with beau- 
tiful grounds. The Western E. K. passes through the v., 
151 m. from Boston, and 49 m. from Albany. Here termi- 
nates the Housatonic R. Fv., from Bridgeport, 110 m. ; and 
here commences the Pittsfleld and North Adams K. K., 20 m. 
long. Three newspapers are issued weekly—" Mass. Eagle" 
(whig), " P. Sun" (dem.), " Culturist and Gazette" (agric.) 
Pop. in 1S40, 3,747 ; in 1S50, 5.S72. 

PiTTSFiELD, t, and p. v., Somerset county, 3fe. : 37 ra. 
N. N. E. Augusta. Drained by Sebasticook r. and branch- 
es. Surface moderately uneven ; soil fertile and well tilled. 
Pop. oft 1,166. 

PiTTSprELD, t. and p. o., Washtenaw co., 3fiek. : 59 m. 
S. E. Lansing. Dra'ned by Mullet's cr. of Huron r. Sur- 
face undulating; soil deep loam, and very productive. A 
plank-road passes through to Ypsilanii, and the Michigan 
Central Pv. R. passes along the K border. Pop. 1,232. 

PiTTSFiELD, t. and p. v., Merriraac co., N. Uarnp.: 11 m. 
E. N. E. Concord. Drained by Suncook r., which supplies 
water-power. Surface diversified. Catamount Mountain 
occupies the S. E. part ; soil fertile. The v. contains a 
bank, an academy, and several manufactories. Population 
of t. 1,S2S. 

PinsFiELD, t and p. o., Otsego co., N. Y. : on the E. side 
of Unadilla r., 82 ra. W. AIb.iny. Drained by Wharton's 
creek, which with the river affords good water-power. Sur- 
face hilly; soil sandy loam, and in the valleys very fertile. 
An excellent farming and grazing t., with growing manu- 
factures. Pop. 1,591. 

PnTsnT:Li>, t and p. o., Lorain county, 0?iio : 05 m. 
N. N. E. Columbus. Drained by the W. branch of Black 
river, which supplies water-power. The Toledo, Norvvalk, 
and Cleveland P. R. passes on its N., and the Cleveland, 
Columbus, and Cincinnati R. E. on its S. border. Pop. 1.0S8. 

PiTTSFiELP, p. v., Warren eo., Penn. : on Broken S[r.aw 
creek, a W. affluent of Alleghany r., 169 m. N. W. Ilarris- 
burg. It 13 on the proposed route of the Sunbury and Erie 
Railroad. 

PiTTSFiELi), t and p. 0., Rutland county, Ver^m. : 84 m. 
S. by W. Montpelier. Drained by branches of White river. 
Surface mountainous; soil fit only for grazing, which is the 
chief pursuit. Pop. 512. 

PiTreFOKD. t,, p. o.. and sta., Hillsdale co., Mkh. : 66 m. 
S- by E. Lansing. Drained by Tifiin's cr. and St. Joseph's, 
of the Maumee, which furnish water-power. Surface some- 
what hilly ; soil admirably adapted to grain. The sta. is 23 
miles W. of Adrian, on the Michigan Southern E. E. Pop- 
ulation 1,223. 

PirrsFonn, t. and p. v., Monroe co., N. Y. : 233 m. W. by N. 
Albany. Drained by branches of Irondequoit cr. Surface 
undulating; soil calcareous loam, and very productive of 
wheat. The Rochester and Syracuse E. E. and the Erie 
Canal cross the t., on both o( which is the v. 10 m. E. of 
Rochester. It contains 3 elmrches, 2 academies, several 
stores and warehouses, and about 800 inhabitants. Popula- 
tion of t. 2.0C1. 

PiTTSFORD, t. and p. v., Rutland co., Vet'm. : 44 m. S. W 
Montpelier. Drained by branches of Otter cr., which flows 
through and furnishes much water-power. Surface uneven, 
but not rugged ; soil sandy or clayey loam, and very fer- 
tile. Wool-growing is a leading interest. Marble and iron 
ore are abundant. The v. contains several stores, and is 
11 m. N. of Rutland, on the Eutland and Burlington li. E, 
Pop. of t. 2,026. 

Put's Gkove, t. and p. o., Salem co., A'. Jer.: 47 m. 



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PLA 



B. S. W. Trenton. Drained by Maurice r. ami its branches, 
which move several mills. Surface level or undulating; 
soil sandy or gravelly loam, of ordinary fertilily. It has some 
excellent timber land. Pop. 1,151. Upper Pitt's Grove was 
taken from it in 1S46. 

Pitt's Polnt, p. o., Bullitt co., Ki/. : 52 m. W. S. W. 
Frankfort. 

PiTTSToN, t. and p. v., Kennebec county, Mr. : on the E. 
Bide of Kennebec r., 7 m. S. by E. Augusta. SurHice plcas- 
fintly diversified ; soil very productive. A superinr fanning 
anil grazing L, with a sufliciency of water-power, abund- 
ance of timber, and a brisk river trade. The v. is in the 
N. W., on the r. Pop. of t. 2.S23. 

PiTTSToN FEr.RV. p. 0., Liizcme county, Pf.nn.: on the 
Susquelianna, at the mouth of Lackawannoc creek, 91 m. 
N. E. by N. llarri&burg. 

PirrexowN, p. v., Hunterdon cc. K. Jer. : 26 m. N-W. by N. 
Trenton. It is on a "NV. affluent of the S. branch of llaritan 
river, which moves several mills in the vicinity. 

PiTTSTOwN, t, and p. v.. Rensselaer co., jV. }'. ; 21 m. N. E. 
Albany. Drained by Tomhenick cr., and in the N. by 
Iloosic river, which furnish fine water-power. Surface un- 
even, and in parts broken; soil loam, mixed with sand or 
gravel, and produclive under good cultivation. It has nu- 
merous manufactories of cotton and woolen goods, lumber, 
etc. The Troy and Rutland R. R., and Troy and Boston 
R. R. cross the N. part; on the latter is P. sta., 14 m. from 
Troy. Pop. of t. 3,732. 

PiTTsvLVANiA coimty. Jlrg. Situate S., and contains S66 
Bq. m. Drained by Dan and Canister rivers, and branches 
of Staunton r. Surface rolling; soil fertile, and generally 
productive. Chief products, wheat, Indian com, and to- 
bacco. Farms 1,524; manuf. 101* ; dwell. 2,sn4, and pop. — 
wh. 15.2G?, fi-. col. 735, si. 12,798— total 2S,79lj. Capital: 
Competition. 

PiTTSYLTANTA CoFRT-HOrsE, p. T., and Cap. Plttsylvania 
CO.. Viiy.: on a N. branch of Banister r., 112 m. W. S. W. 
Richmond. It contains a court-house and jail, an acad- 
emy, several stores and workshops, and 350 inhabitants. The 
village is called also Competition. 

Placer county, OiUf. Situate E. middle, and contains 
1.601} sq. m. Drained by American r. and its forks. Sur- 
face mountainous, with considerable valleys. Fremont's 
lake lies on its E. border. Mining is the chief business. 
Numerous races, flumes, and canals have been constructed, 
costing nearly $2,000,000. Capital in mines, $1,427,567, and 
in other industries and trade about $600,0 10. Pop. in 1S52 
— wh. 6,94o, negroes 80, mulattoes 9, Indians 730, Chinamen 
8,019— total 10,783; Europeans 6-34. Capital: Auburn. 

Placerville. p. v., and cap. El Dorado co., Calif. ; 113 rn. 
N. E. by E. San Francisco, 91 m. E. N. E. Vallejo. Its site 
is uneven, anil is chiefly a mining settlement. It is one of 
the oldest mining towns in the State, and in 1853 is pretty 
well worked out, and consequently there is not as much 
doing as formerly. Pop. varies from 2 to 4.000. The houses 
are generally of clapboards. Supplies are obtained from 
Sacramento. The " El Dorado Xews" was ])ublislied week- 
ly in 1S52. 

Plain, t. and p. o,, Wayne county, Ohio: 71 m. N. N. E. 
Columbus. Drained by Muddy fork and Killhuck cr. of 
Wallionding r., which furnish numerous mill jirivileges. 
Surface varied ; soil fertile and well tilled. A superior 
farming t., containing several manufacturing vilhiges. The 
Ohio and Pennsylvania K.R. passes through it. P(»p.2..37J5. 

Plain, p. o., Greenville district, S. Car. : 97 m. N. W. 
Columbia. 

Plain-field, p. o., Bates county, Mo. : 124 ra, "W. S. W. 
Jefferson City. 

pLAixKir.LD. t., p. v.. and sta., Windham co.. Cwm.: on 
E. Bide of Qninnebaug r.39 m. E.by S. Hartford. Drained 
by Moosup r, which afTords good water-power. Surface 
mostly even ; soil rich sitndy loam. A superior farming t., 
containing various mannfactories. The Norwich and Wor- 



cester R. R. crosses the W. part, on which is the sta.. 16 m. 
N. of Norwich. The Hartford, Providence, and Fisbkill 
R. R. also crosses it. The v. occupies high ground, and 
contains a flourishing academy, founded iu 1733. I'opu 
lation of t. 2.730. 

Plainfielp. p. v.. Will co., IU. ; on a W. aflluent of Dcs 
Pliunes r., 14S m. N. E. by N. Springfield. The creek af- 
fords good water-power, which is vised to turn several flour- 
ing and saw mills. The v. contains a high school, SL-veral 
st<)res, and about 600 inhabilanls. 

Plainfield. p. v. and s(a., Hendricks co., Ind. : on White 
Lick cr. and the Terre Haute and Richmond R. R., 14 ra. 
W. by S. Indianapolis. A plank-road also leads to Indian- 
apolis. 

Plaintield, t. and p. v., Hampshire co.. Mttas.: 97 m. 
W. by N. Boston. Drained l>y heads of We.-IflL-Id r., wliich 
aflford water-power. Surface elevated and mountainous; 
soil fi-rtile in the valleys and generally good pasturage. 
Many small manufactories are operated. Pop. of t. S14. 

Platnfield, p. v., Livingston co., Mich. : 34 m. E. S. E. 
Lansing. 

Plainfield, t. and p. v., Sullivan co., A'! JTomp.: on the 
Connecticut. 45 m. N. W. Concord. Surface mo.IcrateJy un- 
even ; soil fertile. Large tracts of meadow border the river 
and its aflluents. A bridge crosses the river. The Queechy 
Falls -are opposite this town. At Mcriden vitlngc, in tlie E., 
is Kimball L'nion Academy, a large and highly popular in- 
stitution, incorjjorated in 1S13. Pop. of 1. 1,392. 

pLAiNFiELn, t. and p. v., Essex county, Al Jer.: 32 m. 
N. E. by N. Trenton. Drained by Green Brook, which 
forms its W. boundary, and E. by Robinson's branch of 
Railway r. Surface mostly even; soil clayey and fertile. 
Tlie New Jersey Central R. R. passes through (he W. part, 
on which and Green Brook is the v., 28 m. S. W. New York. 
It contains an academy, several mills antl factories, and 
about 1,000 inhabitants. The ** P. Gazette" and *' P. Union" 
(whig) are published here weekly. Fop. of t. 2,446. Set 
ofl' from Westfield in 1847. 

Plaixfielp, t. and p. v., f )Isego co, , y. T. : on the E. .side 
of UnadiUa r.. 73 m. W. by N. Albany. Surface undulating, 
and in parts broken ; soil sandy and calcareous loam, and 
very fertile. Farming and grazing engross attention. Pop- 
ulation 1,449. 

Plainfield, p. v., Cumberland co., Ppiin. : on the S. side 
of Conedogwinit cr., 21 m. W. by S. Harrisburg. 

Plai>tield, p. v., Coshocton co., Ohio : on Wills cr., an 
E. branch of the Muskingum, 65 m. E. by N. Columbus. 

Plainheld, t. and p. v., Washington co., Yeryii. : 9 m. E. 
Montpelier. Drained by Onion r., which affords water- 
power. Surface rough ; soil good. It contains a noted 
mineral spring. The village is on the river, where are sev- 
eral mills. Pop. of t. SOS. 

Plain Grove, p. o., Laurence county, Penn.: 179 m. 
W^. W. Ilnrrisburg. 

Plainsbobo', p. v., Middlesex county, JV". Jti-. : 12 miles 
N. E. by N. Trenton. ^ 

Plains of Dura, p. o., Sumter co., Ga. : 102 m. S. W. 
Milledgeville. 

Plainsville. p. v., Luzerne co., Penn. : on Susquehanna 
r., 91 m. N. E. by N. Harrishurg. 

Plain View, p. c, Macoupin co., lU.: 46 m. S. S. W. 
Springfield. 

Plain View, p. o., King and Queen co., Virg.: 23 ra. 
N. E. Richmond. 

PLAIN■v^LLE, p. v., Hartford co., Cmm.: 14 m. W. S. W. 
Hartford. It has a brisk trade, anri contains several fur- 
naces and factories. The Hartfurd. Providence, and Fish- 
kill R. R. here intersects the Nrw Haven and Northampton 
(or Canal) R. R., 27 m. N. of New Haven. 

Plainville, p. v., Onondaga co., X. Y. : about 1 m. W. 
of Seneca r. and 2 m. E. of Cross lake, 138 m. W. by N. 
Albany. 

Plainville, p. v. and sta., Hamilton co., Ohio: on tho 

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nifle Miami R. R., 10 m. from Cincinnati, 92 m. S. W. 
Colli nib us. 

Plaiswell, p. 0., Allegan co., Jfich.: 61 m. "W. S. "W. 
Lansintj* 

Plaistow, t., p. o., and sta., Eockinsrhara co., iV! Jfnmp. ; 
37 UK S. E. Concord. Surface uneven; soil very ft-riilo, a 
black loam mixed wilh clay and gravel. The Koston and 
Maine E. U. crosses the t, on which is the sta., 12 m. S. W. 
Exeter. Pop. T4S. 

Plank Uuad, p. o., Onondaga co., JV. Y. : 1'2T m-W. by N. 
Albany^ 

Plask Eoah, p. o., "Wayne co., Mich, : 62 m. E. S. E. 
Lansing. Formerly Livonia. 

Planteb's, p. o., Aitala co., Jfiss.: 72 m. N. E. by N, 
Jackson. 

Planter's, p. o., Philips en., ArK: : 9 m. "W. of the Mis- 
sissippi, S6 m. E. by S. Little Rock. 

Planter's IIall, p. o,, Breekenridge county, Ki/.: on 
Rough cr.. 97 m. W. S. W. Frankfort. 

Plantivr's Sta:hd, p. o., Madison county, Ga. : 76 m. N. 
Milledgeville. 

Plantersville, p. v.. Perry co., Ala. ; on Mulberry cr., 
a N. affluent of the Albama, 43 m. "W. N. W. Montgomery. 

Plant^ville, sta.. New Haven co., Conn.: 6 m. E. of 
New Haven, on the New Haven and New London R. R. 

Plaqcemint; parish. La. Situate S. E., and contains 9C7 
sq. m. It is wull watered by the Mississippi r., which flows 
through it from N. to S., forming the delta in its S. portion. 
Surface in general is low, particularly in the S., wlu/re it is 
subject to inundation from the Gulf of Mexico; the land 
in most parts being not more than 10 or 12 feet above the 
Gulf level; soil indifferent, but un the banks of the river 
are some fertile tracts, producing Inrge quantities of Indian 
corn, rice, and sugar, which form the chief articles of com- 
merce. The coast is indented wilh numerons bays, the 
principal of Mhich are West, East, Ronde, Garden Island, 
and Black bays. It also contains some lakes. Farms 205; 
nianuf. 0; dwell. 615, and pop.— wh. 2.221, fr. col. 390, si. 
4j70_total 7.390. Capital: Fort Jackson. 

Plaquemine, p. v., Ibi-rville par., La. : on the right bank 
of the Mississippi, 23 m., by the river, bt'Iow Baton Rouije. 
It has a fine situation, is neatly built, and carries on a large 
trade with thi* rich plantations that He back of it, and ships 
great quantities of cotton hero. It was the former capital 
of the parish, and contains about 500 inhabitants. 

Plaqcemine bayou, La,: an outltH of the Mississippi r., 
11" m. above New Orlrans. The waters of the Mississippi 
river only flow througli it when that river is at its extreme 
height. 

Plaqcemtne Brui.ee, p. 0., St. Landry par., La. : 67 m. 
W. Baton Rouge. 

Platea. p. o., Erie county, Penn.: 20S miles N. "W. 
Harrisburg. 

Plato, p. v., Cattaraugus co., K Y. : 246 m. W. by S. 
All)any. 

Plato, p. o., Lorain county, Ohio : 102 m. N. by E. 
Columl)U9. 

Plato, p. v.. Iroquois co., TU. : on the W. side of Iroquois 
r., 121 m. N, E. by E. Springfield. 

Platte county, Mo. Situate W. toward the N., and con- 
tains 393 sq. m. Drained by Platte r. arid otlier Iributarirs 
of the Missouri, which forms its S. and AV. boundary. Sur- 
face level iu general, in the W. it rises, and terminates in 
high bluffs on the Mississippi ; soil fertile, well adapted to 
grain and grazing. It has some good timber land. Farms 
1,651 ; manuf. 61 ; dwell. 2,49!>, and pop.— wh. 13.997, fr. col. 
50. St. 2.79S— total 16.S45. Capital: Plalle City. Ptildio 
Work-n: Platte County R. E. 

Platte ri vlt, 2iebt\ Ter. See description of Nebraska r, in 
Nebraska, p. 526. 

Platte On v. p. v., and cap. Platte co., 3fn.: on Platte 
rivt-r, IS m. above its entrance into the Missouri, 143 m. 
W. N. W. Jeflferson City. It contains a court-house, jail, 
6S4 



academy, several stores and manufactories, and 500 inhab- 
itants. 

pLATTEKn-i., t. and p. v.. Ulster eo,. y, Y. : 69 m. S. by "W- 
Albany. Drained E. by Old Man's kill, and W. by 
branches of 'WaUkill. Surface uneven: soil loam, mixed 
with gravel and clay. A grazing t., well wooded. The v. 
is 5 m. W. of the Hudson, and contains several stores. 
Pop. of t. 1,99s. 

Platte River, p. o., Buchanan co., Mo. : on the r. of ihat 
name, at the mouth of Cuslile creek, 147 m. W. N. W. 
Jefferson City. 

Platte viLi.E, t. and p. v., Grant co.. Wise. : 62 m. 
W. S. "W. Madison. Drained by Little Platle r. Surface 
uneven, and soil of modt-rate ft-rtility. It is rich in veins of 
lead an<i copper ores, which are extensively and profitably 
wrought. The v., on a branch of Little Platte, was incor- 
porated in 1S41, and contains an aeademy. printing-office, a 
number of large stores, and 800 inhabitants. 

Plattsburg, p. v., and cap. Clinton county, 3fo.: on 
Smith's fork of Platte river, 137 m. N. W. by W. Jefferson 
City. It contains a court-house, jail, U. S. land office, and 
450 inhabitimts. 

PLATTSBirRG, t., p. V., poft, flud Cfip. Clinton co., N". Y. : 
on "W. shore of Lake Ghamplain, at tin; head of Cumber- 
land bay, and on both sides of Sariinac river. 147 m. N. 
Alljany. Lai. N. 44^ 42'; long. "VV. 73° 26'. The surface 
of the town slopes toward the lake ; soil clay loam, and very 
prodirctive. Drained by Saranac river aufl Salmon creek. 
Black marble of excellent quality is quarried in the t. At 
the V. the Saranac descends by a succession of falls al)ont 
40 feet, thus affording very great water-power, whieh is 
used by numerous factories of cotton and woolen goods, tan- 
neries, and by saw, grist, fulling, marble, and flouring mills, 
etc. The v. contains the co. buildings, 4 churches, an incor- 
porated lyceum and academy. Two newspapers are pub- 
lished weekly, "P. Republican" (dem.), "Clinton County 
Whig" — the"Norihern Lancet" (med.). is issued moiuhly. 
Here commences the Plattsburg and Montreal R. R., G2 m. 
in length, which is an important avenue of trade. The 
Plattsburg and Whitehall R. R. is in conslruftion. Platts- 
burg is renowned as tlie scene of a most severe battle dur- 
ing the late war with Great Britain, on Sept, 11, 1S14, in 
whieh the Americans, under Gen. Macomb, achieved a sig- 
nal victory. At the same time, in the bay, before the v., .*i 
great naval victory was won under Com. M'Donongli. A 
litUe S. of the village is P. Barracks, an U. S. Military PosL 
Pop. of t. 5,618. 

Plattville, p, v., Kendall co., Jli.: 143 ro. N. N. E. 
Springfield. 

Pleasant, p. o., Switzerland co., Jnd.: 73 m. S. E. by S. 
Indinnapohs. 

Pleasant, p. o., Kent county, Midi. : 53 m. W. N. W. 
Lansing. 

Plexsant, t. and p. o., Putnam co., Ohio: S6 m. N. W. 
Columbus. Pop, 714. 

Plfjisant Brook, p. o., Otsego county. A'. Y.: 53 m. W. 
Albany. 

Pleasant Creee, p. o., Taylor co., Ylrg. : 1S9 m. N. W. 
Richmond. 

Pleasant Dale. p. o., Hampshu-e co., Virg.: 147 m. 
N. N. W. Richmond. 

Pleasant ExrnAXGE, p. o., Henderson co., Tenn. : S4 m. 
W. by S. Nashville. 

Pleasant Flat, p. o., Mason co., Yirg.: 2oS m. W.N. W. 
Richmond. 

Pleasant Gap, p. o., Ycrnon co., Mo. : 111 m. W. by S. 
Jefferson City. 

Pleasant Gap, p. o., Centre co., Pcnn. : 66 m. N. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Pleasant Gap, p. o. Cherokee co., Ala.: 133 m. N. byE. 
Montgomery. 

Pleasant Green, p. o.. Cooper co., 3fo. : about 3 m. EL 
of La Mine r., 45 m. W. N. W. Jeffersou City. 



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Pleasant Grove, p. o., Dea Moines co., /</. ; 41' m. S. S. E. 
Iowa City. 

Pleasant Grove, p. o., Pickens eo., Jhi. : nbout 3 m. W. 
Sipsey r, lOG ni. W. N. W. Monlgoinery. 

Pleasant Guovb, p. o., Jasper county, /»</.; 94 m. 
N. W. by N. Indianapolis. 

Pleasant Gruve, p. o., Eflfiniiham county, Ga.: 127 m. 
E. S. E. Milledseville. 

Pleasant Gruve, p. 0., Ohio co., Ay. : 116 m. W. S. W. 
Frankfurt. 

Pleasant Grove, p. c, Clermont co., Ohio: SS m. S. "W. 
Columbua. 

Pleasant Grove, p. v.. Morrb co., JV. Jer. : on Schooloy's 
nit., 37 rn. N. by W. Trenton. 

Pleasant Grove, p. o., Alamance co., J^\ Car, : 40 ni. 
N. W. Kaleigli. 

Pleasant Gro^t:, p. v., Macoupin ca, HI. : near the line 
of llie Chicago and Mississippi K. P*., '25 m. S. by "W. 
Springflfld. 

Pleasant Grove, p. o., Lancaster county, Pemu : 49 m. 
E. by 3. llarrisburg. 

Pleasant Ghove, p. v.. Alle2;liany co., Mch : 5 m. E. of 
Cumberland, 123 m. W. N. W. Annapolis. It contains a 
nianufaL'tory of wood types, prnot" presses, etc., and 100 
inliubilunts. 

Pleasant Grovi:, p. o., Greenville dist., .91 Car.: about 
3 m. E. of Ennuree r., 101 m. N. "W. Cokinibia. 

Pleasant Geo\t;, p. o., Maury co., Tetni, : 37 m. S. S. W. 
Nashville. 

Pleasant Grove, p. c, Kenozha county, Wise. : 7S ra. 
E. 9. E. Madison. 

Pleasant Grove, p. o., De Soto par., Za.: 1S2 ui. 
N. W. by W. Baton Eouge. 

Pleasant Guove, p. o., Lunenburg co., T7/-(/. ; on N. 
Meherrin r., 61 m. S. W. by W. Uicliniond. 

Pleasant Grove Mills, p. o., Fleming co., A'y. : G7 m. 
E. by N. Frankf.irt. 

Pleasant Hill, p. o., Dallas co., Akr. : 80 m. "W. S. "W. 
Montgomery. 

Pleasant Hill, p. o., Franklin co.. Ark. : 8 m. N. of the 
Arkansas, 10" ni. N. W. by \\. LitLlo Kock. 

Pleasant Hill, p. o., Newcastle county, Dd. : So m. N. 
Dover. 

Pleasant Hill, p. v., Talbot co., Ga. : about 4 m. "W. of 
Flint r., SI m. "W. by S. Milledgeville. 

Pleasant Hill, p. v., Pike co.. III. : on the bluffs about 
4 m. E. of Snyeartee slough. OS ra. AV. S. W. Springfield. 

Pleasant Hill, p. v., Montgomery county, Jnd.: 54 m. 
N. W. by \V. Indianapolis. 
Pleasant Hill, p. o., Lane co., Orfirj. T^'r. 
Pleasant Hill, p. o., Cass co., M<>.: 11*9 m. W. by N. 
JelTerson City. 

Pleasant Hill, p. o., Northampton co., K. Car.: near 
the State line, 79 m. N. E. Raleigh. 

Pleasant Uill, p. o., De Soto county. Miss. : 164 m. N. 
Jackson. 

Pleasant ITill, p. o., Miami county, Ohio: G9 m. "W. 
Columbu.s. 

Pleasant Hill, p. o., Lancaster district, S. Car. : 49 m. 
N. N. E. i^'Mlumbia. 

Pleasant Hill, p. c, De Soto parish. La. : 1S7 m. N. W. 
Eaton liouge. 

Pleasant Hill, p. o., Fayette co., Virg. : 1 S9 m. W. by N. 
Eichmond. 

Pleasant Hfll, sta., Greenville co., Virg.: 12 m. N. of 
Weldon, on tho Petersburg R. R. 

Plkasant Hill, p. o., Hopkins county, Tex.: 245 m. 
N. E. by N. Austin City. 

Pleasant lake, JV. Y. : in Lake Pleasant t., TTamilton 
CO., 3 m. long, 1 t*i IJ m. wide, abounding with fine fish, and 
of much resort by amateurs. 

Pleasant Lane, p. o., Edgefield district, -S". Car. : 5S m. 
W. S. W. Columbia. 



Pleasant Mills, p. v., Adams co., Ind. : on St. M:iry'a r., 
94 m. N. E. IndianapoUs. A plauk-road follows the r. 
N. W. to Fort Wayne. 

Pleasant Mount, p. o., Panola county, Miss. : 142 m. N. 
Jack son. 

Pleasant MorNT, p. o., Miller county, Mo, : 23 m. S. "W. 
Jefferson City* 

Pleasant Mottnt, p. v., Wayne co,, Pew.: on a N. 
branch of Lncliawaxen r, V2-2 n\, N. E. by N. Harrisburg. 

Pleasant Oaks. p. o., Brunswick county, Virg.: OS ra. 
S. by W. Riehmnnd. 

Pleasant Oaks, p. o., Mecklenburg co., Al Car.: 113 m. 
W. S. W. Raletgti. 

PtEASANToN, p. V., AthcHS county, Ohio: 63 m. S. E. 
Columbus. 

Pleasanton, p.v., Itawamba CO., J/iA',«. .-nam. N.E. byN. 
Jackson. 

Pleasant Park, p. o,, Carroll cmuly. Mo. : 82 ra. N. "W. 
Jefferson City- 

Pleasant Plain, p. o., Jefferson co., ///. ; 83 m. S. S. W. 
Iowa City. 

Pleasant Plain, p. o., Clermont co., Ohio: S5 m. S. W 
Columbus. 

Pleasant Plains, p, o.. Independence co., Ai-k: : CI m. 
N. E. by N. Little Rnr-k. 
Pleasant Plains, p. o., Sangamon co., PI. 
Pleasant Plains, p. o., Lincoln county, 7l';i«. ; 71 m. 
S. by E. Nashville. 

Pleasant Plains, p. o., Scott co., iT/o. ; on the N- point 
of the tongue of land separating lakes St. Mary and St. Jolin, 
172 m. S. E. by E. Jefferson City. 

Pleasant Plains, p. o., Duchess co., A'. 3' .■ 55 m. S. 
Albany. 

Pleasant Plains, P.O., Cumberland co., jV. (Vf/-.; 51 m. 
S. S. W. Raleigti. 

Pleasant PnAiRrE, p. o., Greene county, 3fo. : 95 m. 
S. S. W. Jefferson City. 

Pi-easant Retreat, p. o., Lumpkin co.. Go.: 121 m. 
N. N.W. Milledgeville. 

Pleasant Retreat, p. o., Scotland co., 3lo. : 131 m. N. 
Jefferson City. 

Pleasant Ridoe. p. o.. Greene co., Ala.. ; about 3 m. S. 
nf Sipsey r. 112 m. \V. N. W. Montgomery. 

Pleasant Ripge, p. o., Tifiiiah co., MLss. : 1S3 m. N. N. E. 
Jackson. 

Pleasant Rii>ge, p. o., Greene county, //k/. .• 63 m. S.W. 
Indianapnlis, 

Pleasant Rioge. p. o.. Hot Springs co., Ark: : 46 m. 
S. W. by S. Little Ilock. 

Pleasant Ridge, p. o., Hamilton county, Ohio: 97 m. 
S. "W. by W. Columbus. 

Pleasant Run, p. o., Hamilton county, Ohio : 93 ra. 
S.W. by "VV. Columbus. 

Pleasant Run, p. o., Dallas co., T<.r.: on a "W. brantli 
of Trinity r. so called, 173 m. N. N. E. Austin City. 

Pleasant Shade, p. o., Smith eo., Teini. : 47 m. IC. by N. 
Nashville. 

Pleasant Shade, p. v., Perry co., III. : on the W. side 
of Litde Mud.Iy cr., a N. branch of Big Muddy r., 124 m. 
S. I>y E. Springfield. 

Pleasant Site, p. o., Franklin county. A/a. : 162 m. 
N. W. by N. M..ntg..mery. 

Pleasant Spring, p. o., Howard county, Ind. : 47 m. N. 
Indianapolis. 

Pleasant tTNiTY, p. v., ■VV('stmorolan<! eo. Pnti. : on the 
W. side of Chestnut Ridge, 131 m. W. Hiirrisburji. 

Pleasant Vale. p. y.. Pike co., ///. .• C)n the bluffs, about 
5 m. E. of the Mississippi, TS m. ^X. by S. Springfield. i)n 
Key's cr., near tlie v., is a salt spring, 2(1 feel in diameter, 
forming a pond from which salt is made, but not to a very 
large amount. 

Pleasant Valley, p. o., Chittenden co., Venn.: y7 m. 
N. W. Muntpilicr. 

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Pleasant Vallev, p. o., Washington co., Ala. : about 
3 m. W. of Tombigbee r., 118 m. W. S. W. Montgomery. 

Pleasant Valley, p. v., Litclifleld county, Conn.: 19 m. 
W. N. W. Hartford. 

Pleasant Valley, p. c, Yell co., Arl:: on the S. side 
of Magazine Mountain, 69 m. W. N. W. Little Kock. 

Pleasant Valley, p. o., Scott co., la. : about 2 m. W. 
of the Mississippi, 5G m. E. by S. Iowa Cily. 

Pleasant Valley, p. v., Jo Daviess co.. III. : on the W. 
side of Plum r., 114 m. K. by W. Springfield. The Galena 
and Chicago Union K, K, passes a few miles N. of it. 

Pleasant Valley, p. o., Sussex co., -tV. Jer. : 51 m. N. 
Trenton. 

Pleasant Valley, p. o., Morgan county, Ohio: 62 m. 
E. S. E. Columbus. 

Pleasant Valley, sta., Muskingum co., Ohio : 1 m. "W. 
of Zaiiesville, on the Central Ohio K. K. 

Pleasant Valley, t and p. v., Duchess co., iV. T. : 62 m. 
S. Albany. Drained by "VVappinger's creek and branches, 
which furnish many water privileges. Surface various, in 
parts much bruken ; soil sandy or gravelly loam, and mostly 
fertile under cultivation. A grazing t., with valuable 
manufactures of flour, cotton goods, etc The v. is on the 
cr., and contains a cotton factory and other mills, and about 
700 inhabitants. Pop. of t, 2,226. 

Pleasant Valley, p. o., Bucks co., Penn.: on Durham 
creek, S6 m. E. by N. Harrisburg. 

Pleasant Valley, p. o., Lancaster dist, S. Car. : on an 
E. branch of Catawba r., 74 m. N. Columbia. 

Pleasant Valley, p. o., Wayne co., Tenn. : 87 m. S. W. 
Nashville. 

Pleasant Valley, p. o,, Wright co., Mo. : 83 m. S. by W. 
Jefferson City. 

Pleasant Valley, p. o., Fairfax county, Yirg. : 92 m. N. 
Eichmond. 

Pleasant Valley Mills, p. o., Nicholas co., Ky.: 55 m. 
E. N. E. Frankfort 

Pleasant View, p. o., Juniata county, Penn. : 84 m. 
W. N. W. Harrisburg. 

Pleasant View, p. v., Shelby co., Ind. : on the W. side 
of Sugar or., 14 ra. S .E. Indianapolis. A plank-road passes 
through to Indianapolis. 

Pleasant View, p. o., Jackson county, Vtrg. : 243 m. 
W.N. W. Eichmond. 

Pleasant View, p. o,, Schuyler co., JU. : 53 m. W. N. W. 
Springfleld. 

Pleasant View, p. o., Darlington dist, S. Cur.: 59 m. 
E. by N. Columbia. 

Pleasantville. p. V. and sta., Westchester co., iV. Y. : 
on the E. side of Saw Mill r., 97 m. S. Albany. The sta. is 
84 m. N. of New York, on the Harlem R. E. 

Pleasantville. p. v., Eockingham co., 2^. Car,: 91 m. 
N. W. by W. Ealeigh. 

Pleasantville, p. v., Fairfield CO., Ohio: 27 m. E. S. E. 
Columbus. 

Pleasantville, p. v., Marion co., la. : about 5 m. S. of 
the Des Moines, 90 m. W. by 9. Iowa City. 

Pleasantville, p. v., Bucks county, Peim. : 89 ra. E. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Pleasantville, p. v., Harford co., Jifd. : on the E. side 
of Little Gunpowder Falls, 37 m. N. by E. Annapolis. It 
contains several mills. 

Pleasantville, p. v., Hickman co., Term. : on Cane cr., 
an E. branch of Buffalo r., 57 m. S. W. by W. Nashville. 

Pleasant Woods, p. c, Delaware county, Ind.: 47 m. 
E. N. E. Indianapolis. 

Pleasubeville, p. V. and sta., Henry county, Ky. : IS m. 
N. W. by W. Frankfort. On the Louisville and Frankfort 
E. R., 45 m. E. of Louisville. 

Plenitude, p. o., Anderson co., Tex. : 173 m. N. E. by E. 
Austin City. 

Plesis, p. v., Jefferson co., K. K; about 5 m. S. of St 
Lawrence r,, 14S m. N. W. Albany. 
686 



Pliny, p. o., Greenville dist, S. Car.: 9S m. N, W.by W. 
Columbia. 

Pliny, p. o., Putnam county, Virg.: 248 m. W. N. W. 
Eichmond. 

Plover, t., p. v., and cap. Portage county. Wise. : lol m. 
N. by W. Madison. Drained by Wisconsin r., and several 
branches. Big Plover r., an E. branch, being the chief. It 
has a productive soil, and excellent water-power. The v. 
is near the confluence of the Big Plover and Wisconsin, and 
is the CO. seat. Pop. of t 462. 

Plowden's Mills, p. o., Sumter district, .S". Car. : on a 
W. branch of Black r., 49 m. E. S. E. Columbia. 

Pluckemin, p. v., Somerset co., N. Jer. : 29 ra. N. by E. 
Trenton. 

Plum, p. a, Cook co., III. : 181 m. N. N. W. Springfield. 

Pluji island, y. Y. : off Oyster Pond Point, a narrow gut 
separating it from Long Island. It is 3 ra. long and a mile 
wide, and on its W. end is a lighthouse. The surface is 
stony and bare of trees. It belongs to the t of Southhoid, 
Suffolk CO. 

Plum Bayott, p. o., Jefferson co., Ark. : 29 m. S. S. E. 
Little Rock. 

Plum Beook, p. c, Macomb co., Mic7i. : 89 m. E. by 8. 
Lansing. 

Plumb Creek, p. o., Caldwell county, Teac. : on a branch 
of the San Marcos, so called, 26 m. S. S. E. Austin City. 

Plum Creek, p. o., Clinton county, Mo. : on a branch of 
Crooked r., 126 m. N. W. by W. Jefferson City. 

Plumer, p. o., Venango co., p6n)i. : 165 m. N. W. by W. 
Harrisburg. 

Plum Geove, p. o., Blount co., 71?im..* 161 ra. E. S. E. 
Nashville. 

Plum Hill, p. 0., Washington county, III. : 95 m, S. 
Springfleld. 

Plummer'8 Mill, p. o., Fleming co., Ky. : 69 m. E. of 
Frankfort 

Plum Eiveu, p. o., Jo. Daviess co., III. : on W. Plum r., 
119 m. N. by W. Springfleld. 

Plumsteadtille, p. v., Bucks co., Penn. : 94 m. E. by N. 
Ilarrisburg. The t of Plurastead is drained by Tohiokon 
and Nesharaing creeks, and has a hilly surface with a soil 
of sandy loam. There are several mills on these creeks. 
Pop. of t 2,1S7. 

Plymouth county, la. Situate toward the N. W., and 
conUiins about 900 sq. m. Drained by Floyd's r., a tributary 
of Sioux, which forms its S. W. boundary. Surface un- 
dulating, the larger portion is prairie ; soil fertile. Set off 
since 1S50. 

Plymouth county, Mass. Situate S. E., and contains 
G40 sq. m. Drained by North r., and branches of Taunton r. 
Surface generally level ; soil productive, and in some parts 
very fertile, and tlie cultivation of the land is much attended 
to. Iron ore abounds in some regions, and there are some 
extensive factories connected therewith. Chief products, 
wheat, Indian corn, and potatoes. A large quantity of salt 
is produced in this co. Fishing is much followed by the 
inhabitants. Farms 2,447; manuf. 511; dwell. 9,506, and 
pop— wh. 55,230, free col. 477— total 55,697. Capital: 
Plymouth. Public M'orks: Old Colony R. R. ; Fall River 
R. R.; Cape Cod Branch E. R. ; Bridgcwatcr Branch 
R. R., etc. 

Plymouth, t, p. v.. and sta., Litchfield co., Awn. ; on tho 
E. side of Naugatuck r., 21 m. W. by S. Hartfnrd. Drained 
by affluents of the r., which afford good water-power. Sur- 
face hilly; soil gravelly loam, well fitted for grazing. It 
manufactures cotton and woolen goods, iron ware and 
clocks, the last to a great amount A copper mine has been 
opened in the E. The Naugatuck R. R. follows the r., on 
which is the sta.. 10 m. N. of Waterbury. The Hartford, 
Providence, and Fishkill R. R. crosses it Pop. of t 2,56S. 

Plymouth, p. v., Hancock co., PL : 5 m. W. of Crooked cr., 
79 m. W. N. W. Springfield. 

Plymouth, p. v., and cap. Marshall co., Iiui, : on the N. 



PLY 



POC 



blink of yellow r., 24 in. E. of ita junctiou witli the Kanka- 
kt-e, 107 in. N. by \V. Indianapobs. Plank-roads connect 
it with the Northern Indiana K. R., and divt-rge in various 
directions, bringing to it a large trade. It contains a court- 
house, jail, bank, 15 or 20 stores, and 800 inhabitunla. 

Plymouth, t and p. v., Penobscot co., Me. : 42 m. N. E. 
Augusta. Drained by Sebasticook r. and branches, afford- 
ing water-power. Soil productive and heavily limbered. 
The Kennebec and Penobscot E. li. crosses it. Pop. of 
t. 925. 

Pi-YMoi'TH, t., p. v., port of entry, and cap. Plymouth co., 
3fass. : on Plymouth bay, 35 m. S. E. by S. Buslou. Lat. 
N. 410 57' 26", long. "\V. 70O 40' 19". This t. is memorable 
as the landing place of the pilgrims, Dec. 22d, liJ20, who 
founded this the first settlement in New England. See 
Massachusetts, !!i--^torfoil S/'.-ctch. The bay is spacious, 
but shallow; the harbor is secure, though difficult of access. 
The t. is of large size, is for the most part a sandy and hilly 
tract covered with forests of pine, with some oak, and con- 
tains numerous ponds. The soil near the coast is generally 
good. The V. in the N. part of the t. is pleasantly situated, 
is compactly built, chiefly of wood, and has many handsome 
buildings. It contains a court-house.jail, and 6 churches. The 
interesting relics of the Pilgrim Colony are carefully pre- 
servetl in Pilgrim Hall, a handsome granite building, erected 
in 1S24, for this purpose, within which the Pilgrim Society 
annually commemorate the landing of their forefathers. A 
portion of the rock on which they landed is placed in front of 
the hall. Plymouth is largely engaged in the flshcries, and 
has also some manufactories. There are two banks, cop. 
$200,000 ; 1 insurance co., cap. $50,000. Two newspapers 
are published weekly, viz., " Plymouth Kock" (cU-m.), and 
"Old Colony Memorial" (whig). The Old Colony K. E. 
extends hence to Boston, 3T m. On SOth June, 1S50, tbe 
total tonnage of P. district was 10,722 tons, of which 8,967 ts. 
■were registered, and 6,755 ts. enrolled and licensed. Of 
registered t., 3,90S ts. were permanent, and 59 ts. temporary. 
The enrolled and licensed tonnage consisted of 6,(331 ts. 
permanent (in cod-fishery 4,879 ts., in mackerel fishery 
1,752 ts.) ; and 124 ts. licensed under 20 tons (in coasting 
trade 91 ts., in cod-fishery 33t8 ). During the year previous, 
tbe total of clearances for foreign countries was 10 — 54i tons ; 
total of entrances, do. the same statistics, all of which wen* 
foreign vessels. Vessels built during the year, 5—579 tons- 
Pop. in 1840, 5,251, and in 1S50, 6,025. 

I^LTMOL'TH, t. and p. T., "Wayne co., Midi. : 62 m. E, S. E. 
Lansing. Drained by W. branch of Rouge r., which sup- 
plies excellent mill-sites. Surface undulating: soil clayey, 
and productive of all the grains. Salt springs are found, 
and flour largely manufactured. The v. is on the W. side 
of the river, and contains 8 or 10 stores and 500 inhabitants. 
Pop. of t 2,431. 

Plymouth, p. v., Lowndes co., 3Im. : on tUe W. side of 
Tombigbee r., 126 m. N. E. Jackson. 

Plymouth, t, p. v., and one of the caps. Grafton county, 
^. JTamp. : 38 m. N. by W. Concord. Draineii E. by Pcnii- 
gewasset r. and N. by Baker's r. Surface rugged and broken ; 
soil of average fertility. The Boston, Concord, and Montreal 
E. R. follows both streams and passes the v., situate near 
their confluence, 51 m. (by route) from Concord. The v. 
contains a court-house, academy, and several stores. Pop- 
ulation of t. 1,290. 

Plymouth, t. and p. o., Chenango co., Ni Y. : M m. "W. 
Albany. Drained by W. branches of Chenango r. Surface 
undulating; soil fertile loam, yielding excellent grain and 
vegetables. The Chenango r. and Canal are near the E. 
border. Pop. 1,551. 

Plymouth, p. v., port of entry, and cap. Washington co., 
K. Car. : on the S. side of Eoanokc r., about 8 m. from its 
entrance into Albemarle Sound, 104 m. E. by N. pLaleigh. 
A large tratle in lumber is carried on, and a number of 
coasting vessels are built and owned here. The v. contains 
a court-house and jail, an academy, several warehouses and 



lumber yards, a dozen stores, and 951 inhabitants. The 
" P. News"' (whig) is published weekly. 

Plymouth, I., p. o., and sta., Richland co., Ohio: 6S m. 
N. by E. Columbus. Surface elevated, being the watershed 
between the Ohio and Lake Erie, and drained by heads of 
Huron and Walhonding rivers, which work several mills. 
Tbe Cleveland, Columbus, and Cincinnati E. E. and Iho 
Sandusky, Mansfield, and Newark E. E. cross the t. and in- 
tersect its S. border. Plymouth sta. is in the N. part and 
36 m. S. of Sandusky, on the latter road. Pop. 1,664. 

Plyhoutu, t. and p. o., Luzerne co., Penn. : on the "W. 
side of Susquehanna r., 78 m. N. E. Ilarrisburg. Drained 
by Harvey's and Tobey's creeks, which afford good mill- 
seats. Surface mountainous in part, and in part rich valleys. 
It is well timbered, and contains an abundance of coal. 
The N. branch of the Pennsylvania Canal passes along the r. 

Plymouth, t. and p. o., Windsor co., Verm.: 52 m. S. 
Montpelier. Surface monntainous, giving rise to numerous 
streams, which furnish fine niill-siles; soil well timbered, 
and chiefly grazing land. Limestone and soapstone are 
abundant. In the limestone rocks arc several curious caves. 
Pop. 1,226. 

Plymouth, t. and p. o., Sheboygan co., TT/w. ; SS m. N. E. 
Madison. Drained by Sheboygan r., whieh here makes a 
large bend and lies on its "W., N., and E. borders. Surface 
levtl, in parts marshy and mostly well timbered ; soil clayey 
or sandy loam, of good fertility. 

Plvmoitu Hollow, p. v., Litchfield co., C(mn.: 23 m. 
W. S. W. Hartford. It contains several factories and stores. 

Plymouth Meeting, p. v., Montgomery co., Penn.: about 
2 ra. E. of Schuylkill r., 63 m. E. by S. Harrisburg. Inhab- 
ited by Friends, who have a church here. Limestone and 
marble are abtmdant in the vicinity. 

Plympton, t., p. v., and sta., Plymouth co., Munn. : 31 m. 
8. S. E. Boston. Drained by an E. branch of Taunton r. 
Surface varied ; soil very productive under good cultivation. 
Cotton and woolen goods, cabinet-ware, mechanical and 
agricultural implements, etc., are made. The sta. is 7 m, 
N. W. of Plymouth on the Old Colony R. R. 

Poast Town, p. v., Butler co., Ohio: 75 m. W. S. W 
Columbus. 

PooAHoNTAS county. Ta. Situate toward the N. "W., and 
contains 576 sq. m. Lizard r. passes through it from S. E. 
to N. W., by which it is drained. Surface level ; soil fertile. 
Set off since 1S50. 

Pocahontas county, Tirg. Situate N. "W. centrally, and 
contains 726 sq. m. Drained by Greenbrier r. Surface 
hilly and much broken; soil barren in general. Chief pro- 
ductions, Indian corn and oats. Farms o.'iS; manuf. 4; 
dwell. 553, and pop. — wh. 3,305, fr. col. 23, si. 267— tulal 
3,598. Capital: Huntersville. 

Pocahontas, p. v., and cap. Randolph co., Ark'. : 124 m. 
N. E. by N. Little Rock. It lies on Big Blade r., at the 
bead of navigation, about 60 m. above its mouth, and has 
a considerable business in the shipping of v. heat, com, and 
live-stock. It contains the county buildings and 4iio in- 
habitants. 

Pocahontas, p. v., Bond co., III.: on the E. border of 
Looking-glass prairie. 2 ra. W. of Shoal cr., 65 ni. S. Spring- 
field. It is on the Mississippi and Atlantic E. R., 124 m. 
W. by S. Terre Haute. 

Pocasset, p. v., Barnstable co., Mass. : on the E. side of 
Buzzard's bay, 63 m. S. S. E. Boston. 

Pocket, p. o., Moore co., N. Car. : on a S. branch of 
Deep r., 41 m. W. S. W. Raleigh. 

Pocomoke river and bay, J/''.; the river rises in Cypress 
Swamp, on the line between Delaware and Maryland, and 
runs in a S. W. direction 70 m. to Pocomoke bay, an arm 
of Chesapeake bay. It is navigable for small vessels to 
Snowhill. 

Pocotaliga, p. o., Beaufort disl., S. Car.: on a small 
stream of that name flowing into Broad r., 7S m. S. Co- 
lumbia. 

687 



POC 



POL 



PocoTALiGO, p. o., Knnawha co., Virff.: on the river of 
llial nurue, 2^6 ni. W. N. W. Kicliraond. 

roCi>TAUGO river, *S'. Car.: a tributiirj' of the Blacfe r. 
from the norih-wt-st. 

PocoTALiGO river, Kanawha co., Virff.: rises in Gilmer 
county, and after a S. W. course of 60 m., through a district 
nbrniu'tinc in bituminous coal and iron ore, for one-lhirU 
of uhifii it 13 boauible. empties into the Great Kanawha, 
about 40 ni. from its moulh. 

PoESTEN'KiLL, t uud p. V., Rcnsselacr co., 2i. Y. : 9 m. 
E. N. E. Albany. Drained by branches of the Poestenkill, 
which supply good mill-sites. Surface hilly and broken; 
8i)il nioetly graziuii land. It has valuable deposits of marl 
and si'veral mat lutac luring establishments. The v. contains 
several mills and factories. Pop. of t. 2,092. 

PotSTENKiLL river, K Y. : rises in Rensselaer county 
and flows S. W. into the Hudson at Troy, affording many 
good mill-sites. It has falls on the side of Mount Ida, 
around which a small manufacturing village has sprung up. 

PoiNUEXTEE, p. v., Morioii CO., Ga. : S3 m. S. W. by W. 
Milledgeville. 

Puindexter'8, sta., Bedford co., Yirg.: 13 m. "W. of 
Lynchburg, on the Virginia and Tennessee K. E. 

PuiM)EXTBK"8 Stoee, p. 0., Louisa countj-, Virg.: 47 m. 
N. W. lliehmond. 

PoiNSKTT county. Ark. Situate toward the N. E., and 
contains 1,444 sq. m. Drained by Lanquille r. and SL 
Francis bayou, tributaries of SL Francis r. Surface gener- 
ally level; soil fertile, and adapted to corn. Farms 264; 
manuf. ; dwell. 350, and pop.— wh. 2,02G, fr. col. 3, sL 2T9 
—total 2,.3US. Capital: Bolivar. 

PoissETT lake, Flor. : an expansion of the St. John's r., 
or a lake through which that river flows, in lat. 2S^ 2S'. 

Poinsett lake, Miim. Ter. : a small lake emptying into 
Sioux river. 

Point Cedab, p. o., Clark CO., Ark. : 64 m. "W. S. W. 
Little Koclf. 

Point Conlmebcr, p. v., Greene co., Itid. : on the "W. side 
of White r., at the junction of Eel r., 5S m. S. W. Indian- 
apolis. It is 42 m. S. E. of Terre Haute by the Wabash 
and Erie Canal, and has several mills and stores. 

Point Conception, Cul/f. : the most AV. point of Santa 
Barbara co. Lat. 340 20' 56"N., and long. 120° 25' 40" W. 

Point Cuui'KE parish, la. Situate S. E. centrally, and 
contains 429 sq. m. Drained by Bayou Fordoche and 
branches of Atchafalaya river; this latter forms its W. 
boundary, and along its banks are some fertile tracts of 
land. Surface level, and in general lying low, which 
makes it liable to inundation ; a great portion of the county 
is consequently unfit for cultivation ; soil where fit for tillage 
is fertile, and yields a rich harvesL Chief productions In- 
dian corn, cotton, and sugar. In the S. E. is Fausse river, 
which probably at one time was a bed of the Mississippi. 
Farms 24S ; manuf. 0; dwell. 760, and pop.— wh. 2.967, fr. 
col. 561, si. 7,S11— total 11,339. Capital: Point Coupee, 

Point Coupee, p. v.. and cap. Point Coupee, par. Xa, ; on 
the right bank of the Mississippi, nearly opposite St. Francis- 
ville, 36 miles by the river above Baton Kouge. Here are a 
court-house, j.iil, and a printing-office, from which the " P. 
C. Echo" (dem.> is issued weekly. The levee extends from 
this point to New Orleans. The inhabitants of the village 
are mostly wealthy, and of French descent, and their plant- 
ations stretch for miles along the river. 

Point Dottglass, p. v., Washington co., Minn. : at the 
onnfluence of St. CroLx r. with the Mississippi, 14 m. S. E. 
SI. Paul. 

Point Isabel, p. v., Clermont co., Ohio: 92 m. S. W. 
Columbus. 

Point Isabkl, p. t. and port of entry, Cameron county, 
Tw. ; 2S9 m. S. by E. Austin City. It lies near the S. end 
of the Laguna Del Madre, a few miles W. of Brazos San- 
tiago, and about 15 N. of the mouth of the Pvio Grande. It 
is a depot fur military and naval stores, and a landing 
G6S 



place for steamers destined up the Rio Grande, and for 
many of the Gulf ports. The tonnage of the district in ls50 
was 401 Ions engaged in steam navigation, and 274 tons in 
the coasting trade. 

Point Jeffersox, p. c, Morehause parish, La. : 169 miles 
N. N. W. Baton Itouge. 

Point Mefiis, p. o., -Johnson co., Ark. : on Lillle Piney 
creek, So m. N. W. Little Pvock. 

Point of Kocks, p. v. and sta., Frederick co., Md. : on 
Potomac river, and the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal. 57 m. 
"W. N. TrV. Annapolis. The station is 12 m. E. of Harper's 
Ferr}', on the Baltimore and Ohio K. K. The scenery along 
the river is magnificent. 

Point Peninsula, p. o., Jefferson county, JV. Y. : on a 
peninsula between Chamount bay and Lake Ontario, 149 ra. 
N. W. by W. Albany. 

Point Peter, p. o., Searcy co., Ark. : on Richland cr., 
86 m. N. Little Rock. 

Point Peter, p. o., Oglethorpe co., Ga. : 63 m. N. by E. 
Miileilgeville. 

Point Pleasant, p. v., New Madrid co.. Mo. : on the 
Mississippi, 89 m. below the mouth of the Ohio, 202 ra. S. E. 
Jefferson City. It contains several stores and warehouses, 
and has a good landing, from which great quantities of com 
are sent down the river. 

Point Pleasant, p. o., Ocean co.,K.Jor.: on the N. 
end of Squam Beach, 3S m. E. by S. Trenton. 

Point Pleasant, p. v., Clermont co,, Ohio: on the Ohio, 
at the mouth of Indian cr., 23 ro. above Cincinnati, 90 m. 
S. W. by S. Columbus. A large quantity of pork is packed 
here. 

Point Pleasant, p. v., Bucks co., Peiin. : on Delaware 
river and canal, at the mouth of Tohickon cr.. 32 m. S. of 
Easton, 95 m. E. by N. Harrisburg. It contains several 
mills and about 200 inhabitants. 

Point Pleasant, p. v., and cap. Mason co., Virg. : on 
the Ohio, immediately above the moulh of the Great Kana- 
wha, 26S m. W. N.W. Richmond. It contains an academy, 
court-house, steam flouring-mill, steam saw-mill, several 
stores and tanneries, and about 500 inhabitants. Here, oi 
the lOlh of October, 1774, was fought the " Battle of Point 
Pleasant," the bloodiest ever fought with the re<l men in 
the State. A large body of warriors of several tribes, under 
the famous chief Cornstalk, attacked Colonel Lewis, com- 
manding l.ino Virginians; but after fighting all day, were 
forced back across the Ohio. The Covington and Ohio 
R. R. will have its W. terminus here. 

Point Prairie, p. o., Franklin co.. Ark. : on the W. side 
of Six Mite cr., 97 m. W. N. W. Little Rock. 

Point Republic, p. v., La Salle co.. III. : 124 m. N. N. E. 
Springfield. 

Point Smith, v., Franklin county. Ala. : on the S. side of 
Tennessee river, at the entrance of Big Bear creek, 193 m. 
N. W. by N. Montgomery. Here is a landing for steam- 
boats and a. number of stores and warehouses. The staples 
of the district adjacent are shipped here for the Southern 
markets. The p. o. is Chickasaw. 

Point "Wobtuington, p. v., Washington co., Misn. : on 
the Mississippi, 79 m. N. W. by N. Jackson. 

PoKAGON, sta., Cass co., Mich,: on the Michigan Central 
R. R.. 43 m. W. of Kalamazoo. 

Poke Batou, p. o., Independence co., Ark. : near a N. 
aflluent of White r. so called, 86 m. N. N. E. Little Rock. 

Poke Run, p. o., Westmoreland co., Perm.: 13S m. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Poland, p. v., Clay county, hid. : 2 m. E. of Eel r., 46 m. 
9. W. by W. Indianapolis. 

Poland, t. and p. v., Cumberland co., Me. : 34 m.W. S.W. 
Augusta. Drained by branches of Little Androscoggin r., 
its N. boundary, which supply water-power. Surface un- 
even; soil very fertile. A superior farming t, with abund- 
ance of timber and various manufactories. The Atlantic 
and St. Lawrence R. R. crosses the N. pari. Pop. of L 2,660. 



POL 



POM 



Poland, p. v., Herkimer co., X. Y. : on West Canaila 
creek, 74 in. W. N. W. Albany. It conlaiua several cotlon 
factories, ani-l a ouilery esIublishLtietil. 

Poland, t. and p. o., Mahoning: <"'»., Oliio : on the E. line 
of Ihe Slate, 14 i ni. N. E. by E. Culunibua. Drained by 
Malionin^ r. and branches, which supply fine water priv- 
ileges. The Pftinsjlvania and Ohio Canal, and the Cleve- 
land and Mahoning II. U. pass through it. Pop. '^.1'26. 

Poland Centre, p. v., ChautaiKpie co., A', }'. : 263 m. 
"W.by S. Albany. Pop. of Poland t., 1,174. 

Polk county. Ark: Situate W.. and contains 1,114 sq. m. 
Brained by head branches of Wachila r. and branches of 
Ped r. Surface undulating ; soil prodiiclive; il is generally 
well adapted to grain, 'limber is found of good quality. 
Farms 15o; manuf 1 ; dwell. 139, and pop.— wh. 1,190, fr. 
col. 0(1, si. 07— t««lul 1.203. Citpital: Panther. 

Polk county, /*/. Situate S. centrally, and contains 7-0 
sq. m. Des Moines r. passes through it from S. E. to N.W,, 
by which anti its branehes it is drained. Surface undu- 
lating; soil fertile. Set off since ISoO. 

Poi.K county. Mo. Situate S. W. centrally, and contains 
67G sq. m. Drainc'i by Porame de Tcrre r. and Lindley's 
creek, branches of Osage r. and E. fork of Sac r., by which 
good water-power is supplied. Surface divetsified — in sonie 
l>aris hilly; soil fertile. an<l adapted to grazing. Fruit is 
proiluced in large quantities, aiul there is some good limber 
hind in the CO. Farms .MS ; manul'.G; dwell. 9U7, ami pop. 
— wh. 6,S04, fr. col. 13, si. 3G9— total 6,1S6. CupUiU: 
Bolivar. 

PoLK county, Oreg. Ter. Situate W. mi<Mle, bet ween the 
"Willamette r. and the Pacific Ocean, into both of which 
there is drainage. Area 2,40il sq. m. Surface varied, an<I 
the soil very fertile. Cape Foulweather lies at its S.AV. cor- 
ner, Uie parallel of which forms its S. boundary. The 
Willamette here affords extensive water-power, which is 
used fnr various mills. Farms 129; manuf. 2; dwell. 190, 
and pop,— wh. 1,046, fr. col. 5 — total 1,051. Capital: Cin- 
cinnati. 

Polk county, Tenn. Situate S. E., ami contains 2S2 sq. m. 
Drained by Hiwassee r. and its principal tributary.Tnceo r. 
Surface mountainous in general, but there is much level 
land ; soil ferlile. Chief productions, cotton and Indian 
corn. Farms 661 ; manuf. 11 ; dwell. 1.012, and pop. — wh. 
6,SS6, fr. col. 52, si. 400— total 6,33S. Copital: Benton. 

Polk county, Te^. Situate toward the S. E., and con- 
tains 1.273 sq. m. Drained by Trinity river, which flows 
through it centrally. Surface undulating ; soil on the r. pro- 
ductive, and adapted to cotton. It is thickly covered with 
oak, pine, cedar, and other timb' r. by far the greater por- 
tion of the CO. being wooiled. Farm?; 172; manuf 0; dwell. 
292. and pop.— wh. 1,544, fr. col. 0, si. SU5~total 2,3:9. Cop- 
iUil: Livingston. 

Polk county. Wise. Situate W., and contains 2,595 sq. m. 
Drained by Kayesikang or Slnll r., and other branches of 
St, Croix r., which forms its W. bound;iry. Surfice varied, 
part of it being hilly and broken, and part level ; the soil un 
the latter is in general good, and with cultivalion produces 
well; the hilly portion of the co. makes fine pasturage, and 
is well fitted for the rai.sing of live-stock. It is Ihiekly 
wooded. This co. has been lately set off, being formerly the 
northern halfof St. Croi.x county. 
Polk, p. o., Lucas co.. la. : 102 m.W. S.W. Iowa City. 
Polk, p. o., Ashland co., Ohio : 71 m. N. X. E. Colund)U?. 
Polk, p. o., Venango counly, Penn. : 173 m. W. N. W. 
HaiTisburg. 

Polk Batoc, p. 0., Independence county, Ark:. Sie 
Poke Bayou. 

Polk Xlvs, p. o., Clark county, Ind.: S9 m. S. by E. 
Indianapolis. 

Polkton, t. and p. o., Ottawa co., J/VcTt. ; on firand r., 
79 m. W. N. W. Lansing. Surface rolling, and heavily 
timbered with Norway and white pine, and hemlock. Pop- 
ulation 2GS. 

P4 



PoLKTowN. st.n., Hamilton county, Ohio: 23 m. X. E. of 
Cincinnati, on the Little Miami P. P. 

PoLKviLLE, p. 0,, Benlon county, Ala.: 94 m. N. N. E. 
Montgomery. 

Poi-KviLLE, p. v., CIcTcland county, A'. Cur. : 161 ni. 
W. by S. Pvaleigh. 

PoLKviLLE, p. v., Columbia county, Pt^nn. : 59 m. N. by E. 
Uarrisburg. 

PoLKViLLE, p. v., Smith county, Miss. : 39 m. E. S. E. 
Jackson. 

PoLKTiLLE. p. v., Warrcu county, .V. t/^v. .■ on the E. side 
of Paulin's kill, 2 m. E. of Delaware river, 49 m. N. N. W. 
Trenton. 

Pollard's Mills, p. o., Greenup county, K//.: 117 m. 
E. by N. Frankfort. 

Pollock's, p. o., Randolph co.. III. : on Nine Mile cr., an 
E. affluent of the Kaskaskia, 121 m. S. Springfii-ld. 

PoLLocKsviLLE, p. V.. Jones CO., JV'. Car. : on the S. side 
of Trent r., 92 m. E. S. E. Paleigh. 

PoMARiA, p. o. antl sta., Newberry district, .*<'. Car.: on 
Cannon's cr. and the rireenville and Columbia B. P., 32 m. 
(by route) N. W. Columbia. 

PoMEROV, p. v., ami cap. Meigs co., Ohio: on the Ohio, 
57 m. below Marietta. SI m. S. E. Columbus. It oeeupies a 
narrow strip of land between the river and a sleep hill, and 
is engaged principally in the coal business, large deposits 
of which are in tlie immediate vicinity. About 300 men, 
mostly Welch, are employed in the mines, which were 
opened in ls.'^2, an<! yield about 2.flit(l,(K)0 bushels per an- 
num. It was settled in 1S16, made the county seal in ISll, 
and contains a court-house, 15 stores, 2 foundries. 3 ma- 
chine-shops, a rolling mill, rope-walk, and 2 large tanne- 
ries. The "M. County Teleijraph" (whi^:) is published 
weekly. A branch U. R., 10 m. long, connects it willi the 
Cincinnati, Ilillsboro', and Parkersburg Bailroad. Pop. 
1,637. 

PoMFRET, t, p. v.. and sta-, Windham co., Com. : on the 
W. side of Quinnebaug r., 39 m. E. by N. Hartford. Drained 
by branches of the river, which supply numerous mill-sites. 
Surface uneven, and beautifully varied by hills ami mead- 
ows ; soil deep and strong. Many of the farms are very 
superior, and the grazing is excellent. Various manufac- 
tures are prosecuted. The sta. is 26 m. S. of Worcester, on 
the Norwich and Worcester II. P. The Boston and New 
York (Air Line) P. P. crosses the t. The v. occupies a hill 
conmianding a wide view, and coulaJas an academy. Pop 
of t. 1,S49. 

PoMFP.ET, t. and p. v., Windsor co.. Verm. : 39 m. S. by E. 
Montpelier. Drained by Queechy r. and a branch of White 
river, which supply good water-power. Surface broken; 
soil productive ; coal is found ; grazing is the chief occupa- 
tion : limited manufactures are carried on. Pop. of 1. 1,546. 
PoMFRET, t.. Chauiauque CO., N. Y. : on Lake Erie. Surface 
hilly; soil, a fertile, argillaceous, gravelly, and sandy loam. 
Drained by Cassadaga cr., an affluent of Alleghany r.. and 
several small streams flowing into this lake. The villages 
of Dunkirk and Van Bmen Harbor are in this t., and the 
Erie U. P. has its W. terminus here. Pop. in ISOtt. 4,493. 

PoMFHET Landlng, p. V,, Windham co.. Conn.: 37 m. 
E. by N. Hartford. 

PoMOSKEV. p. o., Charles co., 3fd. : on Pomonco cr. of the 
Potomac, 4:J m. S. W. Annapolis. 
PoMME DE Tehre river, Jfo. : a tributary of Osage river. 
PoMPANOOSLTO, p. o. and sta., Windsor county, VemK : on 
Coniie<-licut r., and the Connecticut and P:u«sunii.sic Rivera 
R. R., 10 miles N. of While river junction, o9 m. S. E. 
Moidiielier. 

PoMPEY, t. and p. o., Onon^Iaga county, X. ).: 109 m. 
W. bv N, Albany. Drained by Limestone and Butternut 
creeks. Surface billy : soil loam, mixed with sand or clay, 
very productive, and underbigh cultivation. Agriculture is 
!be"i.rincipal (.ccupaiion. Pompry Hill v., in the W. part, 
uccupies the lui;he:^t han\ in the CO., commanding an ex- 

CS9 



POM 



POP 



tensive view, and contains an academy, a half dozen stores, 
and 500 inhabitants. Pop. of t. 4,006. 

PuMPEY Centre, p. o., Onondaga county, iV. Y. : 113 m. 
"W. by N. Albany. 

PoMPToN, t. and p. v., Passaic co., 2^. Jer. : 59 m. N. N. E. 
Trenton. Drained by Pt-quannock, Kingivood, and Kam- 
apo rivers, which furnish fine waler-power, and unite in 
the S. corner, to form Ponipton r. Surface hilly and 
motintainous; soil clayey loam of good fertility. Iron ore 
Is abuudaut, and largely dug and wrought. The v., on 
liamapo r., contains an academy, a furnace, and 250 inhab- 
iUmts. Pop. of t. 1J20. 

PoMpTON river, ^. Jey\: is formed by the confluence of 
the Pequannock, P^ingwood, and Paniapo rivers, and di- 
viding Passaic and Morris counties, It flows 8 m. into the 
Passaic river. The Morris Canal crosses it 2 m. above its 
mouth. 

PoMPTON Plains, p. v., Morris co., y. Jer. : on the "W. 
Bide of Pompton r., 57 m. N. N.E. Trenton. 

Pond Creek, p. o., Greene co., J/t». ; 115 m. S. W. by S. 
Jefferson City. 
Pond Kddy, p. c, Sullivan co., 2^. Y. 
Pond Fork, p. c, Jackson county, Ga. : 84 ra. N. by E. 
MiUedgeville. 

Pond Uill, p. c, Gibson co., Teim. : 123 m. "W. by S. 
Nashville. 

Pond Settlement, p. v., Steuben county, ^ Y. : 19-i m. 
W. by S. Albany. 

Pond Spring, p. o., Walker co., Ga. : 173 m. N. W. 
MiUedgeville. 

PoNi'TowN, p. v., Sumter county, Ga.: 92 m. S. "W. 
MiUedgeville. 

PoNTcnARTKAiN lake, La. : is 40 m. long, and 25 m. broad. 
It comnnmii-ates with Lake Maurt-pas on the "W., Lake 
Borgne through the Eigolets on tlie E., and on the S. with 
New Orleans, through St. John's bayou and a canal. Il h;is 
IG or IS feel water in its deepest part, but near tlie shore not 
more than 9 feet. The Tangiapaha and Tehefuncti rivers, 
and ollu-r small streams, empty into it. 

PoNTiAO. p. v., and cap. Livingston co.^ III.: on Ver- 
million r., 93 m. N. E. by N. Springfield. It contams the 
connty buildings and several stores. 

PosTiAf, p. o. and sta., Huron co., Ohio: on the San- 
dusky, Mansfield, and Newark It. Pv., 20 m. S. of Sandusky 
City, S3 m. N. by E. Columbus. 

PusTiAC, I., p. v., and cap. Oakland co., 3fich.: G7 m. 
E. by S. Lansing. Drained by Clinton r. and branches, 
■which, fed by numerous ponds, furnish superior waler-power. 
Surface somewhat hilly. Suil sandy in parts, buL mostly 
productive. The v. is on the r., and contains a court-liouse, 
jail, academy, iron foundry, and machine-shop, several 
flouring- mi Us and factories, and 1.5i)0 inhabitants. The 
"Oakland Gazette" (whig), and " Poutiac Jacksonian" 
(dem.), are published weekly. The Detroit and Poutiac 
E. K. terminates here, 25 m. N. N. W. Detroit. Pop of L 2,819. 
PoNTiAC, p. o., Erie co., A''. Y. : 253 m. W. Albany. 
PoNTOoSAC, p. v., Hancock co., IlL: on the Mississippi, 
85 m. N. "W. by "W. Springfield. 

Pontotoc county, J/Asa.-. Situate toward the N. E., and 
contains 9ll2 sq. m. Drained by Tidiahatchie river and its 
branches in the N., and branches of W. fork of Tombigbee 
river in the E. and centre. Surface level; soil fertile. 
Chief productions, cotton and Indian corn. Farms 1.24S; 
manuf. 82; dwell. 2,001, and pop.— wli. 12,186, fr. col. S, si. 
4^96^— total 17,112, Capital: Pontotoc. 

PosTOToc, p. v., and cap. Pontotoc co., J//*?. ; 143 m. 
N. E. by N. Jackson. Il contains a court-house, jail, 
academy. United States land ofllce, a dozen stores, and 
about SitO inhabitants. Two newspapers, the "American 
Sovereign" (dem.), and the " Political Safeguard" (whig), 
are issued weekly. 

PoNTOToo, p. o., Fullon county, A'y. ; 253 m. W. S. W. 
Frankfort. 
GDO 



PooLEsviLLE, p. v., Moiilgomi ry co., Jfi. : 4 m. E. of the 
Potomac, 43 m. W. K. W. Annapolis. 

Pool's Mills, p. o., Jones county. Miss.: 79 m. S. E. 
Jackson. 

PooLSViLLE, p. v., "Warren co., Ind.: C9 m. N. "W. by "W, 
Indianapolis. 

Pooi-sviLLE, p. v., Spartanburg dist., S. Car.: SS m. 
N. W. Columbia. 

PooLviLLE, p. v., Madison co., N'. Y. : on an E. branch 
of Chenango r., SS ra. W. by N. Albany. Here are several 
mills. 

Poor Fork, p. o., Harlan co., Ky. : on a head of Cum- 
berland r. so called, 12G \\\. S. E. by E. Frankfort. 

Poor Hill, p. o., Sullivan co., Tenn. : 23G m. E. by N. 
Nashville. 

Pope county, Arl: Situate toward the N. W.. and con- 
tains S25 sq. m. Drained by Great Pine r. and Illinois cr. 
and branches, tributaries of Arkansas r., which runs on the 
S. border, and passes through the S. "W. corner of the co. 
Surface varied ; in the N. mountainous, but level in the in- 
terior and S. ; soil fertile, producing cotton, tobacco, Indian 
corn, etc. Some good timber is found on the land, and it 
has extensive coal beds. Farms 531; manuf. IG; dwell. 
G95, and pop.— \vh. 4,231, fr. col. 0, si. 479— total 4,710. 
CajnUil: Morristown. 

Pope county, III. Situate 3., and contains 425 sq. m. ' 
Drained by Kock. Great Pierre. Big Bay, and Lusks creeks, 
all of the Ohio r., which forms its S. E. boundary. Surface 
even, excepting the blulTs on the Ohio; soil a deep loam, 
with sand intermixed, and productive, ad;ipted to grain, 
and also raising good tobacco. It is well limbered, and in 
ihe E. is a billy range, which makes good pasturage. 
Farms 504; manuf. 12; dwell. 747, and pop.— wh. 3,S71, fr. 
col. 104— tot:d 3,975. Capital: Golconda. 

Pope Cp.eek, p. o., Mercer co., IlL : on the S. side of tho 
cr. 80 called, 105 m. N. "W. by N. Springfield. 

Pope's Corners, p. v., Saratoga co., X. Y. : 1 m. W. of 
Hudson r., 34 m. N. by E. Albany. 

Pope's Mills, p. o., St. Lawrence county, K. Y, : 13S m. 
N. W. Albany. 

Pope's Mills, p. o., Mercer co., III. : on Pope's cr., about 
S m. E. of the Mississippi, 109 m. N. W. by N. Springlleld. 
Formerly called Bluff. 

Pope's Store, p. o., Southampton CO., Mrg. : G3 m. S. S. E. 
Richmond, 
Poplar, p. c, Crawford co., Ohio: 62 ra. N. Columbus. 
Poplar, p. o., Orangeburg dist., S. Car.: about 4 m. W. 
of Santee r., 41 m. S. E. by S. Columbia. 

Poplar island, in Chesapeake bay. Eat. 43^ 22' N., and 
long. 70"^ 23' W. Its periphery measures about 10 miles. 

Poplar Bluff, p. o., Butler co., Mo. : 153 m. S. E. by 3. 
Jefferson City. 

Poplar Branch, p. o., Currituck co., K Car. : 143 m. 
E. N. E. Paleigh. 

Poplar Cornkr, p. o., Madison county, Tenn.: 117 m. 
W. S. "W. Nashville. 

Poplar Creek, p. c, Choctaw county, Miss.: 126 m. 
N. E. by N. Jackson. 

Poplar Flat, p. o., Lewis county, Ay. ; S5 m. E, N. E. 
Frankfort. 

Poplar GaovE, p. o., Owen county, Ky.: 34 m. N. 
Frankfort. 

Poplar Grovh, p. o., Boone co., III. : 1S3 m. N. by E. 
Springfield. 

Poplar Grove, p. o., Iredell co., K. Car. : 122 m. W. 
Raleigh. 

Poplar Grove, p. o., Gibson co., Tenn. : 112 m. ^7. by 3. 
NashvUle. 

Poplar Hill, p. o., Tigo county, Ind.j on the S. side of 
Honey cr., a small afiluent of the Wabash, G3 m. W. S. W. 
Indianapolis. 

I^oPLAR Hill, p. o., Anson county, JVi Car. : 93 m. S. W. 
Raleigh. 



POP 



FOR 



PoPLAE Hill. p. a., Giles co., T7/v/- ■' <^n Wnlker's cr., a 
^V. aflliient of New r., ISl m. W. by S. Iliclunoiui. 

Poplar Moint, p, o., Greenville county, Vi/ff.: 47 m. S. 
Eichniond. 

PoPLAK Plains, p. o., Fleming ca, Ay. ; 71 m. E. by N. 
Frankfort. 

Poplar Eidge, p. o., Capiga co,, A'. I' ; l;i7 m. W. by N. 
Albany. 

Poplar Eidge, p. o., Darke CO., 0/iio: SS m. "W. by N. 
Columluis, 

Poplar Ridge, p. a, Maury co., Tetm. : 43 m. S. B. W. 
Nashville. 

Poplar Spring, p. o., Fairfield dist., S. Car. : about 3 m. 
W. of Wateree r., 31 m. N. by E. Columbia. 

Poplar Spring, p. a, Marshall co., Tirf/. ; 235 m. N. W. 
liiohmond. 

Poplar Sprixg, p. o., Pontotoc en., JHss. : 146 m. N. N. E. 
Jackson. 

Poplar Spf.i>"G9, p. v., Howard co., MiJ. : 35 m. N. W. 
Annapolis. 

Poplar Springs, p. v., Hall county, Ga. : 9S m. N. N. W. 
Miiledgeville. 

Poplin, t and p. o,, lioekinghara co., ^\ Ifamp. : 2S ni. 
S. E. Concord. Drained by Sqviamscot r. Surface uneven, 
but not roush; soil fertile. A farming t. Pop. 509. 
PoQi'ANOc Bridge, p. o.. New London co.. Conn. 
PoQUEToNucK, p. V., Ncw Loudon CO., Conn. : 2 m. E. 
of the Thames, on an affluent so called, 3S m. S. E. by E. 
H;irtford. Sloops como up near the v. at high water. The 
inhabitants are chiefly sea-faring men, or interested in the 
coasting- trade. 

PoQuoNOcic. p. v.. Hartford co., Omn. : on Farmington r., 
9 ni. N. Hartford. It contains sevtral faclories and mills. 

Poi:polsk cape, Me. : the N. E. boun<Iary of Kennebunk 
harbor, in lat. 4:iO 22' N. and long. 70° 23' \V. 

Poi;TAGE county, 0/iio. Situate toward the N. E,, and 
contiiiiis 6)S sq. m. Drained by head branches of Mahoning 
r. and branches of Cuyahoga r., which supply good water- 
power. Surface undulating, in some parts broken ; soil ftr- 
tile, consisting of a fine deep mold, and a'JapIed to wlnat 
and Indian corn. Pino, maple, poplar, and other tinilier is 
found on the land. Agriculture is the leading pur:suit. 
Farms 2.264; nianuf. 127; dwell. 4,512, and pop.— wh. 
24.337. fr. col. 82— U)tal 24,419. Capital : Pavenna. Pub- 
lic Works: Cleveland and Pittsburg K. P.; Cleveland and 
Mahoning E. P. ; Pennsylvania and Oliio Canal, etc. 

PoRTAGK county, Wiac. Situate centrally, and contains 
1,54S sq. m. Wisconsin r. passes through it centrally, by 
which and its numen-us branches it is drained. Surface 
hilly and broken, cxccpling on the rivers, wliere the land is 
level ; soil fertile, A portion of the co. is prairie. It is well 
timbered, and has good pasturage. Farms 5; manuf. 15; 
dwell. 204. and pnp.— wh. 1,249, fr. col. 1— t<ilal 1,250. Cop- 
iUil : PlovcT. 

PoKTAGE, t and p. o., Kalamazoo co., M/rh. ; 6S m. S. "W. 
Lansing. Drained by Portage r. of the Kalamazoo, The 
Sandy lakes are in tlie S. E. part. Pop, 720. 

Por.TAGE, i. and p. o., Livingston co., J^. Y.: on the E. 
side of Genesee r.. 212 m. W. Albany. Drained E. by 
C:t?haqua cr. Surface rolling; soil very fi-rtile of wheat and 
most grains. On the W. line are the Genesee Falls, which 
su]>ply immense water-power. The Genesee Valley Canal 
and Buffalo and New York City E. E. pass .through it. It 
■was divided in 1S46, and the portion \V. of the ri\ er made a 
new t., and called Genesee Falls. The p. o. was formerly 
Williams* Place. Pop. 2.47S. 

P..RTAGE. t. and p. o.. Wood co., OJiio; «^3 m. N. N. W. 
Columbus. Drained I>y Portage r. and branches, on which 
are several mills. The v. on the N. side of the r. was laid 
out in 1&36, and contains various mechanic shops, etc. Pop. 
of t. 405. 

Portage, t.. Ottawa co.. OMo: a narrow neck of land 
between Sandusky bay and Lake Erie, on which is Port 



Clinton. Tlie Sandusky and Fort Wayne E. E. passes 
through it. Pop. 377. 
Portage, p. o., Cambria CO., /V«H..* 104 m.W. Harrisburg. 
PoitTAGE, t., Hancock county, Ohio: drained by the head 
waters of Portage r. Pop. 614. 

Portage, t.. Summit co., Ohio: at the portage between 
the Cuyahoga and Tusearuwas rivers. The Ohio Canal and 
the Cleveland, Zanesvitle, and Cincinnati II. E. pass through 
it. Akron, the county seat, is located in the S. E. part. 
Pop. of t. 4,386. 

Portage, t., Livingston co,, JV. 3' ; on the Genesee r., at 
the Great Falls, at which the descent in 2 m. is about 300 
feet, aflR)rding great water-power. Tho scenery is magnifi- 
cent. Surface elevated and rotting; soil fertile. The Gen- 
esee Valley Canal passes through ttie t., and also the Buffalo 
and New York City E. E. Pop. 2,478. 

PoiiTAGE, t. and v., Kalamazoo oo., Mi>-h. : drained by 
Portage r. and the Sandy lakes. Siu-face level prairie; soil 
fertile. Pop. 726. 

Portage lake, Houghton co., Midi. : tliis lake lies on the 
Keweenaw peninsula, and empties into Keweenaw bay, an 
arm of Lake Superior. It is very irregular in its shape, and 
lias extensions N. and N. W., which bear the local names 
of Houghton's lake and Torch lake — tho first extending 
N. W. almost to the opposite side of the peninsula. A navi- 
gation miglit be formed through tliis lake, and a canal 
across the portage. 

Portage river, Ohio: an aflluentof Lake Erie, into which 
it falls at Port Clinton. It aflfnrds good water-power, and 
4lrain3 tlie Black Swamp, an unhealthy, but whicli. if suit- 
ably drained, would make a very fertile country. The har- 
bor is the outlet of a considerable region. 

PonTAGE CiTv, p. v., Columbia county. Wise. : S3 m. N. 
Madison. 

Por.TAGE Lake, p. o., Jackson co., Mich. : S4 m. 8. S. E. 
Lansing. 

PoRTAGETiLT-E, p. V., Wyoming co., JV Y. : on tlie W. 
side of Genesee r., 214 m. W. Albany. Tlic river here falls 
at)out 300 feet in 2 miles, principally in three perpendicular 
descents, which furnish immense h\draulic power, and being 
surrounded by high steep banks, attract many visitors by 
the grandeur of the scenery through which the r. passes. 
The Genesee Valley Canal crosses the r. here in an aquc^ 
duct, and soon nfler enters a tunnel 4 m. long. The v. con- 
tains several factories and mills, a dozen stores, and about 
1,000 inhabitants. 

Port Alleghany, p. v., M'Kcan co., Peiin. : on the left 
bank of Alleghany r., 134 m. N. N. W. Harrisburg. 

Port At.lex. p. v., Louisa co., la,: on the left bank of 
Iowa r., 26 m. S. S. E. Iowa City. 

Port Blanciiarp, p. v., Luzerne co\x\\\j, Penn.: 74 m. 
N. E. by N. Harrisburg. 

Pop.t Bodega, v. ami p. o., Sonoma ca, Calif. : on a fine 
bay, opening lo the Pacific, G3 m. N. W. Vallejo. It was 
ft>rmerly a Eussian station. 

PortBtron, p. v., Eock Island co., Ill: on the Missis- 
sippi, 131 m. N. by W. Springfield. 

Port Byron, p. v., Cayuga co., N. Y. : on the Erie Canal, 
2S m. W. of Syracuse, 146 m. W. Albany. It contains a 
large flouring establishment, several mills, 20 stores, and 
1,200 inhabitants. 

Port Caddo, p. v., Harrison co., 7t'.7*. ; near the W. end 
of Lake Caddo, 272 m. N. E. Austin City. Steamers ply 
from this point to Shreveporl, freighted with the staples of 
the CO., principally cotton and corn, of which a large amount 
is shipped hence down Eed river. 

Port Carbon, p. b., Schuylkill co.. I>un.: on Schuylkill 
river, at the junction of Mill' creek and head of Schuylkill 
Navigation Canal, lOS m. N. W. Philadelphia, 46 m. N. E. 
Harf'ishurg. In 1S29 tliere was but one house here. The v- 
is tho creation of the coal trade, which forms the almost ex- 
clusive employment. Pop. 2.142. 
Port Chl-ster, p. v. and ata., Westchester co., K Y. : on 

G91 



FOR 

the W. side of Kyram r., here the E. line of the Slate, lOS m. 
S. Albitny. It is I 111- from the sound, where is a steamboat 
landing, from wliich boats ply to New Yorli, and 29 m. N. E. 
of New Vorl;, on the New Yorli and New Haven U. It. ll 
contains several manufactories, 20 stores, and about 1,000 
inhabitants. 

Poi'.T Clinton, p. v., port, and cap. Ottawa Co., Ohio : on 
the S. side of Portage river, at its entrance into Lake Erie, 
115 m. N. Columbus. It has a good harljor, with a light- 
house at its entrance, and contains a court-house, jail, sev- 
eral stores and mills, and 249 inhabitants. Tlie railroad 
from Sandusky City to Fort Wayne passes through it. Im- 
ports in 1S50, $3S,9T8, and exporia, !f24,T55. 

PoKT Cluston, p. v., Lake county. III. : 19S m. N. N. E. 
Springfield. 

Port Clistos, p. v., Schuylkill co., Penn. : at the conflu- 
ence of the Little Schuylkill and the Schuylkill, and above 
the Water Gap in Blue Mountain, 51 ui. E. N. E. Ilarris- 
burg. It is one of the great coal depOU of the anthracite 
region, and being on the line of the Schuylkill Canal and 
Heading U. 11., it enjoys a large share of the trade coimected 
with the mines. The Little Schuylkill E. Pv. also diverges 
from this poinl, and a number of other railways connecting 
with the mines arc indirectly connected wilh the porl. 
There are large iron works in the vicinity, and in tlie v. a 
rolling mill of 1,500 tons annual capacity, also various me- 
chanic shops, stores, etc. 

Port Conwav, p. v., King George co., rirg.; on the 
left bank of Uappalmnnock r., 43 m. N. by E. Pvichmond. 
■Wheat and corn arc shipiied here in large quantities. 

PoKT Cr.vse. p. v., Broome co., A'". 1'. ; on Chenango r. and 
canal, S m. N. of Binghaitipton, 107 lu. W. by S. Albany. 

Port Deposite, p. v., Cecil co., J/</. ; on the E. side of 
Susiiuehanna river, 7 m. from its mouth, 51 m. N. E. by N. 
Annapolis. It lies at the lower falls, and contains a bank 
and 300 inhabitants. 

Poet DoiGLiSs, Essex county, iV. Y. : on the W. side of 
Cbainplain lake, and the landing for Iveesevillc, w hich is 7 
or S m. W. of it. 

Pout EuZiiiETn, p. v., Cumberland county, JV' Jer.; on 
Manamuskin creek, near its entrance into Maurice r., CI m. 
S. by W. Trenton. It is 15 ni. from Delaware btiy, and 
vessels of 100 tons come to the lan<liiig. Wood and lumber 
are exported in large amounts. It contains an academy, 
several stores and mills, and about COO inhabitants. 

PcBTER county, Intl. Situate N. W., and contains 89C 
sq. m. Drained by Calumic r. and branches, and branch 
of Kankakee r., which runs on ils S. border. Surface varied, 
on the lake being elevated, while in the interior and toward 
the S. the land is gcnerady level ; soil fertile, with the excep- 
tion of some portion in the N.. and the swamp on the Kan- 
kakee in tlie S. Cliief productions, wheat and Indian corn. 
There is some prairie land, and a large porlion of llie co. is 
covered with oak and oilier timber. It contains several 
small lakes. Farms 407 ; maiiuf. 13 ; dwell. SS5, and pop.— 
wh. 5,229, fr. col. 5— total 6,234. Ciipitut: Valparaiso. 
PtiUk: Woi-k^ : Michigan Central Extension E. It. ; Indi- 
ana Northern It. E. ; Michigan City Branch It. P.. ; Fort 
Wayne and Chic.-igo P.. It. ; Logansport and Chicago E. E. 

PoETEK, sua.. Porter CO., Inii. ; 2 m. W. of Michigan City, 
on the Micliigan Central E. It. 

Pouter, t. and p. o., Van Buren co., 3neh.: S2 m. S. W. 
Lansing. It contains several ponds, but has no considera- 
ble streams. Surface mostly level, and soil of good quality. 
Pop. 444. 

Porter, t. and p. o., Delaware co., Ohio : 25 m. N. N. E. 
Columbus. Drained by Walnut cr., which moves several 
mills. Surface somewhat uneven ; soil very productive of 
grass 'and grain. The Springfield, Mount Vernon, and 
Pittsburg E. It. crosses it. Pop. 1,037. 

Porter, t, Niagara co.. A'. Y. : facing on Lake Ontario 
and Niagara r., and drained by several creeks falling into 
the lake. Surface level ; soil argillaceous ami sandy loam. 
692 



POR 

In the N. "W. pari uf the town stands oUl Furt Nitigara, ami 
direclly opposite, on tlic CaniuiLi shore. Fort George. Fort 
Niagara was taken by the British in Dec, lSl:l, and dehv- 
ered up again in March, 1315. Youngalown is a village on 
the Niagara river. Pop. of t. 2,4o5. 

Porter, t. and p. v., Oxford co., Mf. : on the W. line of 
the State, and N. side of Ossipee river, 71 in. S. W. by W. 
Augusta. Surface slightly uneven; soil fi-rtile and well 
vrooded. A farming and grazing t. Pop. of t. 1,2US. 

PoRTRBFiELD. p. o., Venango county, Penn. : 173 m. 
N. W. by "W. Harrisburg. 

Porter IIidoe, p. o., Susquehanna co., Pcnn.: 117 in. 
N. N. E. Harrisburg. 

Purter'3 p. o., Carroll co, Md. : 46 m. K. W. Annnpolia. 

Porter's, sta.. Miildleaex co., J/^.s,*. : SJ m. from Boston, 
on the Fitehburg K. 11. The Cambridge cattle uuirkct is 
held weekly al this station. 

Porter'^ Corners, p. c, Saratoga co., N. Y. : 84 m. 
N. by W. Albany. 

Porter's Cross Roads, p. c, Porter co., hid. ; 121 m. 
N. N. \V. Indianapolis. 

Porter's Falls, p. o., Wetzel co., Virg. : 32S m. N. W. 
Eirhnion<i. 

PnitTERSviLLE, p. T., Eutler CO., Penji. : 174 ra. W. by N. 
Harrisburg. 

P<irtersville, p. v., Tii)lon co,, Temi. : 171 m. W. S. W. 
Nysliville. 

Portersville, p. v., Pirry co., Ohio: 45 m. E. by S. 
Columbus. 

Port GiBsfcN, p. v., ami cap. Claiborne co., Jfi.ift.: on 
Bayon Pierre. 2"% ni. from its entrance into the Missis3i]>pi, 
52 m. W. S. W. Jackson. The v. has a large trade in cot- 
ton, whifh is sent down the bayou in keel boats most of the 
year, or by land to Grand Gtdf, its port, ft contains a 
court-house, jail, academy, and 500 inhabitants. The 
" Herald and Correspondent" (whig) is published weekly. 

Port Gibson, p. v., Ontario co,, N. Y. : on the Erie Canal 
34 m. E, of llochester, lu7 m. W. by N. Albany. 

Port Glasgow, p. v., 'Wayne co., 2^. Y.: on the S, side 
of Lake Ontario. 151 m. W. N. W. Albany. 

Port Henry, p. v., Es.sex co., iS^. }'. ; on the W. shore of 
Lake Chainplain. opposite Crown Point, 91 m. N. l)y E. 
Albnny. It has a convenient steamboat lan<Iing. and con- 
tains extt'nsi\'(( iron works, for wiiieh excellent ore is ob- 
tained in tlie inimi'diate vicinity, and about 500 inhabitants. 

Port Ho.meu, p. v., Jefferson co,, Ohio: 122 m. E, by N. 
Columbus. 

Port Hope, t, and p. o., Columbia co., Wi.ic. : 53 m. N. 
Madi!Hon. Drained by Neenah river, on both sides of which 
it lie.4. Surfa.^e even, and soil rich. It has good mill privi- 
leges, and some timber. Pop. 603. 

Port Hudson, p. v., East Feliciana par., La.: on the 
Mississippi at the mouth of Thompson's cr., 25 m. by the r., 
above Baton I'ouge. It has a fine landing for steamboats, 
and does a lar^e business in the sliipping of coiton, sent 
here by tlie Clinton and Port Hudson 11. li., of which it is 
the river terminus. 

Port Huron, t. and p. v., St. Clair county, Mich.: 113 m. 
E. by N. Lansing. Drained by Black r., emptying into the 
St. Clair, its E. boundary. Surface even, and w*Il timbered ; 
soil highly productive. The v. lies at the confluence of Black 
and St. Clair rivers, 2 m. S. of Lake Huron, has a gooil har- 
bor, and superior facilities for ship-t>uil<ling, and is largely 
engaged iti the lumber busines^s. Great amounts of excel- 
lent pine timber an' sent down Black river, and manufac- 
tured or shipped hi-re. It contains several flouring and saw 
mills, large lumber yards and commercial houses, and 
1.5^4 inhabitants. Fort Gntiot is about 1 m. N. of the v. 
The '• P. II. Observer" (dem.) is published weekly. Pop. 
of t. 2,3(12. 

Port Jackson, p. v., Montgomery co., y. Y. : on the Erie 
Canal, and S. .^ble of Mohawk r., 17 m. AV. N. W. Scheneo- 
lady, 2S m. >,'. "W. Albany. 



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Poet Jeffei:s.in-. p. v.. Stiff .Ik en.. A"", J'. ; nn (Ik- \. siile 
of Lons: IsIfttuL at the hc:iil of Drowtu-d ,Nfc;tii"\v llarimr, 
lis m. S. S. E. Albany. Ii ootiraiiis several sliip-yards. nn'l 
85(1 inliabilanU (.'nga^e'I in ship-builiiint; iind n.-ivi^atinii. 

Port .Iervis, p. v., Orange co., A'^ Y. : on tlie k-ll I)ank 
of Dvlawart- r., at llic conflm'tice of Ncvi-rsinl; river. 9t m. 
S. S. W. Albany. This plaeo is on \\k- D.-lawan- ami Ihi-I- 
son Canal, and owes its nriiriii :in<l grnwlb to ihat wnrk. 
Tlie Eric* It. K, also jiasges thrnnirh it. and at I>i'Ia\var(' sla. 
are extfTisive depfits, fntriiu'-lionsfs, offics, etc, helnnjiin^ 
t" Ihe ci.nipaiiy. The busini ss done In-re is ohitfly in coal 
and limbtT. The scenery uroimd ihe village is inagnifli-ent. 
Th>- Neversink is erossed iiy a bridtre 55 feet biuh, witli a 
span of I5i) feel. The v. eonluiri'^ 4 or 5 ehnroln-s, a female 
seminary, several schools, a targe grist-mill, hotels and 
stores, atid about (jiiri iidiabitan;s. 

Port Kf.ndalt.. p. v., Essex co., A'^ Y. : on the "W. shore 
of F-ake Champlaiu, and N. si<le of Perou bay, llli miles 
N. by K. Albany. 

I'or.T I\ENT)xrL. p. v., Orleans county, A'!! 1'.; on Lake 
Onlario. 32 m. W. \. W. K K-hesi.r. 

PoKT Ki:nnm--iiy, p. v., ^lontijompry co., Petin. : on the 
riiiht bank ot" ScduiylkiU r., 4 m. above Xorristown, 77 m. 
E. by S. llarrislnirir. It is '>1 m. N. W, FhiladelpUia, nn the 
Piiiladrl[diia and Pweailing R. R. 

Port Kr\t. p. v., Essex co., y. Y. : on Lake Chaniplain. 
12 m. S. of PI:itL<burg, 122 m. N. by E. Albany. Il oecu- 
pies a commanding eminence, nrarly opposite to IJurling- 
ton. with whi'-h a steam f^rry connects it, and contains sev- 
eral stores, and 300 inhabitants. 

PuitTLAND. p. v., Dallas CO., Alii. : on the left bank of 
Alabama river, 53 W. by S. Montgomery. 

PoRTr..iND, t. and p. v., Middhsex co., Conn. : on the E. 
side of the Connecticut, 13 ni. S. by E. Hartford. Surface 
level meadow on the river, back of it broken and adaptcil to 
grazing. Stretching along the rivi-r for abont a mile, and 
nearly op[iosile Midulrlown, are the cih-br.ated quarries of 
building stone, known as the "Porllan<l stone." Aliont 
GnO men are employed, and the stone, which is used in the 
most elegant public and private edifices, is sent to all parU 
of the Union. The University in Londttn is aUo built of It. 
The V. is on the river, and connected by a steam ferry with 
Middlelown. It contains a flourihlung academy, and seve- 
ral stores. x\l the lower end of the street, whieb is about 
2 m. long, are the quarries, and at the upper end a ship- 
yard, where vessels are built for the river and coasting;- 
irade. Pop. of t. 2,905. Taken from Chatham in 1S4I. 

Portland, p. v.. Wbitisides co., HI.: on the S. side of 
Rock r.. 131 m. N. by W. Siiringfield. 

Portland, p. v., Fountain co., /;/(/.; on the E. side of 
■^'aliash river, and on the Wabash and Erie Canal, (56 miles 
■W. N. W. Indianapolis. It eontaius S or 10 Stores and 500 
inUabitants. 

Portland, p. v.. Van Buren co,, T.r. : on the 8. side of the 
D.'s Moines, 61 m. S. W. by S, Iowa City. 

PoRTLAsn. p. v., Jc-ffers >n co.. Ay.; on the Oliio, .■? m. 
bt-low Louisville. 52 m. W. by N. Frankfort. It is well 
built along the hank of the r., and contains several com- 
mercial houses, and about l,fiOO iuhabitanLs. Omnibuses 
5»ly hourly to Louisville, an'i a ferry connects it willi New 
Abtany on the N. side of (he Ohio. 

Poi;TLANn. p. v., port jif entry, and cap. Washington co., 
Orei/. : on the left bank of Willamette r.. above its entrance 
into^he Columbia, 47 m. K. by E. Salem, It is a place of 
cousid<Tat)le commerce, and has excellent prospects of 
becoming a large city. Pop. S22. The territorinl peniten- 
tiary is loeatid here, 

Portland, t. p. city, port of entry, and cap. Cumberland 
00.. J/(-'. ; is situ-aled on an elevated peninsula, at W. ex- 
tremity of Casco bay, 54 ni. S. S. W. Augusta, lal. (Moimt 
Joy) 43'= ?/9' 52" N. ; and long. 70O 10' 3i" W. The peinn- 
fiula projects eastwardly into the bay, abont 3 m. in length, i 
and has an average widlli of tlirce-fourtha of a mile. Its j 



I surface rises from each shore, forming throughout its entire 
I length an elevated ridge, which, at il.s extremities, again 
rises into considerable hills, presinting a marked outline, 
and very beautiful appearance. The eily is regularly laid 
out. and haiulsomely liuilt, particularly its more modern 
portitms whieh are noted for their elegant buildings and is 
lighted with gas. The mam street occupies the ridge of 
tlie peninsula, extending from hill to hill. Many of the 
slreclsare lined with elms and tdher shade trees. The prin- 
cipal public buihlings consist of the Kxebango, whieh is 
an elegant structure, with handstmie colonnade and dome, 
cimtaining the post-office, custom-house, and T'niled States 
court Moms; the Cily Hall, built, of brick : theolil Cuslotu- 
h"use, of granite, IS ehtirehes, jail. etc. There are 6 banks, 
with an aggn-gale capital of $I,I2o,00(i. The capital of 
Ihe city is eiiielly employed \n coiunuTce, coastir.g trade, 
the fisheries, ami inland trade; hence its manulaotures 
are, for the most part, those im-ident to a nu-rcantilo 
city. The Portland Company, with a capital of $10(1.000, 
have a larg«- manulaetory of loeomoiives, railroad cars. etc. 
Much attention IS given to education in the public sehools. 
These consist of a classical school for boys, a high sehool 
for girls, 4 grammar schottls (2 for boys and 2 for girls), and 
llie primary schools. Thi-re are also numerous pnvato 
sehools and an aca<lemy. The Athenanmi, incorporate*! in 
1-27. has a library of over 6,000 vobmies. The Natural 
History Society has a valuable collection of minerals, speci- 
mens, etc. Two daily newspapers are published. " Adver- 
tiser" (wliig), and '* Eastern Argus" (dem.), which also issue 
tri-weekly and weekly editions. Besides these are seven 
weeklies,viz., "Transcript" (liU), " Christian Mirror" (Pres.) 
"Zion's Advocate" (Rapt.), " Itii|uir'-r" (K. soil), '• Pleasure 
Boat" (misoei.), '* Cold Water Fountain" (Temp.), and ''Na- 
tional DemoeraL" The " Seholar's Leafteduea), is issued 
semi-monthly. The natural advantages of this cily for trade 
and commerce have been well improved by its enterprising 
citizens. The harbor is caparious and safe, and among the 
best in the United Stales. It is prot<M-ted by islands from 
the violence of storms, is scMoin obstructed by ice, has a 
good entrance, and is defended by Ibrls Preble and Scammel, 
the former garrisoned by U. S. artilli-ry. At the E. ex- 
tremity of the city is a tower. "0 feet high, erected for the 
purjiose of observing vessids at sea, and furnished with 
signals. The harbor is connected by the Cumberlaml and 
Oxford Canal, 2iii m. hmg. with Sebago pond, and thence 
with Long pond, i-tc. Four important railroails now centre 
at Portland, and conlribnte greatly to its prosperity. The 
Portland, Saco, and Portsmouth E. K., 51 ni. long, was 
opened in 1S12, completing the line of railroads from Bos- 
ton to this eity, 105 m. The extension of this route, called 
Portland antl Kennebec R. P., is completed to Augusta, 
60 m. The York and Cumberland U. R. (now open to 
Gorliam. 10 m.) is in construction, to cormect at South Ber- 
wick with the Boston and Maine P. P. The construction 
of Die Atlantic and St. Lawrence K. P., commenced in lS4i, 
has been actively prosecuted from each terminus, I'-trtlanrl 
and Montreal, and will soon be completed. By contract it 
is to be finished in 1*^53. Tlirongh this important avenne 
will pass a large proportion of th-- products of the north and 
west for shipment to Europe and elsewhere. The foreign 
conmierce of the city is chiefly with the West India's and 
Europe. Its chief exports are lumber, ice, fish, provisions, 
etc. The coasting trade is principally with Boston, and 
during the sumnu-r a steamboat plies daily to that eity. On 
30th dune, IS.iO. Ihe total tonnage of dislriet was S6 5i 2 tons, 
of whieh 6o,3o4 t'ins were registered, and 20,I0> tons en- 
rolled and licensed. The registered tomiage consisted of 
46.621 tons permanent, and 13,6's:J tons letnporary, of which 
loo tons were propelled by steam. The enrolleil and 
licensed loiLuage consisted of 25,665 Ions ''permanent," 
winch were employed as follows: in coasting trade. 10,427 
t<ms; in cod fishery. 3.23S t<ms; in m.ackerel flsh-ry, 3,(i(K) 
toiis; and 533 tons '* licensed undcrSU tons," whieh were in 



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the cod flsherr. Daring the rtscal year preceding the totnl 
or clearances for foreign counlnes waa 523- 77,045 tons : tlie 
total of i-nlranci-5 do. was 44T— 64.195 tons. Vimls built 
durin- the vear preceding, 29 120 ."hips, 5 brigs, 3 schooners, 1 
6teamcr)-il.47T tons. Top. in ISSii, 12,!)9S : in 1^10, 15,2:S ; 
in 185". 2ii,S15. 

Poi'.TLA.vD, t. and p. v., Ionia co., iVcJi. : 22 m. W. N. W. 
Lansing. Intersected by Grand r., wliicli here receives 
I,o..king-Glass r. from the E. Surface level; soil alluvial 
boll.im of great ferlilily. The v. is on Grand r., and con- 
tains several mills. Pop. 763. 

PoRTT,A.vn. p. v., Callaway CO., Mo. : on the N. bank of 
the Missouri, 27 m. E. N. E. Jefferson City. 

PoRTLANO, t. and p. o., Chaula\ique Co., 2i\ Y. : on Lake 
Erie, 2S3 m. W. by S. Albany. Drained by small affluents 
of the lake, some of which affoni water-power. Surface 
hilly, and inclining to the lake ; soil sandy loam, and gen- 
erally fertile. It has a good harbor, and is crossed by the 
Buffalo and Stale Line P.. P.., on which is Centreville sta., 
10 m. S. W. of Dunkirk. Pop. 1.903. The light-house is 
lighted with natural gas, which issues from the ground. 

PoRTLASb, p. v., and cap. Jay co., Iiul.' See Jay C. n. 
Pop. 7»6. 

PoETXAXD Mills, p. v., Parke co., Ind. : on Big P.accoon 
creek, 44 m. W. Indianapolis. 

POKTLANDVTLU., p. V., Otscgo CO., X. Y. : on the Susque- 
hanna, 62 m. W. by S. Albany. It contains several mills and 
800 inhabitants. 

Port Lavacca, p. v., and cap. Calhoun co., Tete. : on the 
W. side of Lavacca bay, 134 in. S. E. by S. Austin City. It 
has a good harbor, which has been much improved of late, 
is extensively engaged m the coasting trade, and is the 
shipping port for the products of the rich district bordering 
the Lavacca and its tributaries. It is also the proposed 
terminus of the San Antonio and Gulf 11. It. 

Port Levde.v, p. v., Lewis CO., ^^. Y. : 9S N. W. by W. 
Albany. 

Poet Louisa, p. v., Louisa Co., la.: on the Mississippi, 
86 m- S. E. Iowa City. 

Port Merckk, p. v., Mercer Co., X Jer. : on the Delaware 
and Raritan Canal, 7 m. N. E. by N. Trenton. 

Poet O.ntaeio, p. v., and port, Oswego co., X. Y. : on the 
E. shore of Lake Ontario, at the mouth of Salmon r., 136 m. 
W. N. W. Albany. It has a good harbor, improved by a 
pier constructed by the general government, and contains 
about 300 inhabitants. 

Poet Oxfoed, p. v., and port, TTmpqua co., Oreg. Ter. : on 
the coast of the Pacific, 160 m. S. S. W. Salem. A U. S. 
nulitary post is kept up here, garrisoned by dragoons. 

PoKT Pens. p. v., Newcastle CO., De!.: on Delaware r., 
opposite P.eedy Island, 24 m. N. by W. Dover. 
Port Perky, p- v., Alleghany county, Penn 
Harrisburg. 

Port Peert, p. v.. Perry co., Jlfo. : on the Mississippi, 
129 m. E. by S. Jefferson City. 

Port Preston, v., Itefiigio co., T^^. : at the entrance of 
Mission r. into Aransas bay, about 20 m. below P.efugio — the 
county seat 

Poet Peovidencr, p. v., Montgomery co., Penn. : 71 m. 
E. by S. Harrisburg. 
Port P.epublic, p. v., Calvert Co., 3td.: 85 m. S. Annapolis. 
Port Eepubuc, p. o., Atlantic co., H. Jer. : 47 m. S. bj E. 
Trenton. 

Port P-epobltc, p. v.. P.ockingham county, Vira. : on She- 
nandoah r.,at the confluence of South r.. 8s m. N. W.by W. 
Uichmond. It contains several mills and 300 inhabitants. 

Poet i;icu,M0ND. p. v., Philadelphia co., Penn.: on the 
Delaware, opposite Felly's Island, about 2 m. above Phila- 
delphia, 94 m. E. by S. Harrisburg. Here is the depSt and 
shipping place of the Philadelphia and Iteailing P.. R. In 
the last 9 months of lSo2, S ships, 94 barks, 671 brigs, 5.483 
schooners, 834 sloops, and 2,759 barges were loaded with 
coal at this place. 
69* 



■ 154 m. W. 



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Poet Eichmoxd, p. v., I'.ichmond co., K Y. : on the N. 
side of Staten Island, 9 m. S. W. New York, 131 m. S by W. 
Alb.iny. It contains a valuable granite quarry, and about 
500 inhabitants. A steam ferry connects it with New York. 
Poet Eotai, p. o., Henry Co., A>..- 22 m. N. N. W. 
Frankfort. 

Poet Eotal, p. v., Juniata co., Pemi. : on the S. side of 

W. branch of Susquehanna r.. 31 m. \>. H. W. Harrisburg. 

Poet Koyal, p. v., Montgomery co., Tenn. : on lied r., 

33 m. N. W. Nashville. It contains several mills and stores 

and 250 inhabitants. 

Port Eoval, p. v., Caroline CO., Vlrg. : on the right l)ank 
of Eappaliannock r., U m. N. N. E. Itichmon<l. Large 
quantities of wheat, corn, and tobacco arc shipped here, 
and a considerable trade with the interior is kept up. A 
ferry crosses the r. It ha-s a good wharf and steamboat 
landing, and contains 2 academies, a dozen stores, and 470 
iidiabitunts. 

Portsmouth, p. v., Dauphin co., Penn. : on the Susque- 
hanna r., S m. below Harrisburg. 

PoRTSMOCTB, t., p. cily, port of entry, and one of the caps. 
Eockinghani CO., A". ITamp.: on the S. side of Piscat:iqua 
r., 8 m. from the ocean, 41 m. E. by S. Concord. Lat. tCni- 
tarian church) 43° 4' 35" N. ; long. 70° 45' 50" W. This is 
the largest town and only seaport in the Slate. Its site rises 
gradually from the harbor, is pleasant and healthy. The 
city is not regularly laid out, but its streets, though narrow, 
are neatly built, and contain many handsome buildings. 
This I. was settled in 1623. and incorporated in 1633. It has 
several times suffered severely by fires, but has been rebuilt 
with improved appearance. It has limg been noted for its 
commercial enterprise, and its capitiil is mainly emi»loyed in 
navigation. Many vessels, though owned at this port, are 
employed elsewhere. Ship building is largely carried on. 
The principal manufactories are : Portsmouth steam factory, 
erected 1S46-47, 200 feet long, 6 stories high, making fine 
cotton fabrics, a very superior eslablishment ; an extensive 
manufactory of hosiery— also (me of twist ; machiue shop 
and car factory : iron foundry, etc. There are 3 banks, ag- 
gregate cap. $491,000. The t is supplied with good water 
from a fountain, 3 m. distant, by a company formed in 1799. 
Among the public buildings are 5 or 6 handsome churches, 
an athenaeum, academy,the State lunatic hospital, 2 market- 
houses, alms-house, etc. The Athena?um, incorporated 1S17, 
has a handsome brick edifice, 3 stories high, with a library 
of 7,.300 volumes, besides cabinets of minc'rals and of natural 
history. Portsmouth is connected with Boston by the East- 
ern E. E., 54 m. ; from Portland, 61 m. ; and with Concord, 
by the Portsmouth and Concord E. E., 47 in. The Piscata- 
qua, in passing the t, is from 1 to J m. wide, and though it 
Hows with such rapidily as prevents its freezing in winter, 
it forms one of the most secure and commodious harbors in 
the U. S. The harbor has 40 feet of water in the channel at 
low tide, and is protected from storms by headlands and its 
islands. It is defended by Fort Constitution, on Great 
Island, and other forls. The U. S. Navy Y.ard, located on 
Continental or Bad.ger's Island, on the E. side of the river, 
contains a dry dock of costly construction, and 3 iinmi'nso 
ship houses, the largest of which, 240 feel long, 131 feet 
wide, has its roof covered with 130 tons of slate. A naval 
officer is stationed at this port The toud tonnage of Porls- 
moulh district on 30th June, 1850, was 23.006 tons. The 
registered tonnage was 14,979 tons, of wliich 12.069 were 
permanent, and 2.910 temporary. The enrolled and licensed 
tonnage consisted of 8,117 tons, of which 7.511 were perma- 
nent 353 ter"porary, and 218 tons *' licensed under 20 tons'' 
in the cod flsVry. The coasting trade employed 4.025 Ions, 
cod fl>hery 2.664 tons, mackerel fishery 1,204 tons. During 
the year ending 301h June. 1S50, the number of clearances 
for foreign countries was 107— S.213 tons; nuinl>er of 
entrances do., 110—11,044 tons. Vessels built during the 
year, 10— S ships, 2 schooners— 6.914 tons. Newspajiers— 
" P. Dispatch," daily; "EockingUam Messenger'' tindop.) 



POR 



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"N. 11. Gazelte" (deui,), "P. Journul" (wliiii), weekly. 
Pop. in ISIO, 6,9:54; in 1S2U, 7,327; in ISSO, S,0!>2; ia 1^40, 
7,3S7; in 1S50, 9,739. 

Portsmouth, p. v., Carteret co., y. Oat: : 143 m. E. by S. 
Ealeigh. It is on llie S. siiie nf Opracoke inlet to Pamlico 
Sound, and prinoipally inlinbifed hy fishermen and pilois. 

PoRTSMorTH. p. v., and cap. Scioto co., Ohio : on the Ohio 
river, at the mouth <if Scioio r., S3 ni. S. Cohimbus. The t. 
presents a Iiandsome appearance from the r., is well l)niU, 
and is surrounded by the most fertile tiistrict of the Oliio 
valley. The v. contains a line court-IuKise, several churches, 
an excellent academy, b:ink, market-h<juse, jail, etc. Iron 
manufactures are extensively proseeulcd, from the abund- 
ance of inm ore in the vioinily. Mineral coal and line 
Iniilding-stone are also abundant; the latter is much used in 
Cincinnati. The building and repairing of steamboats is 
carried on upon the opprisite side of the Scioto. Newspa- 
pers — "Tribune and Clipper" (whig\ daily and weekly; 
" P. Dispatch" (<iem.). daily ; "P. Enciuirer" (whig), weekly. 
The Scioto and Ho'iking Valley li. R. runs Iience through 
the mineral district, connecting at Newark with the several 
E. and W. lines, and those to Sandusky, Cleveland, etc. 
Ilere also terminates the Ohio Canal from Cleveland, 309 m. 
in aggregate length. Pop. in 185i}, 4,011. 

PoRTSMOiTH, p. v. and port, Norfolk co.,VirQ.: on the 
W. side of Elizab(.-th r., opposite Norfolk, SO ra. S. E. Itich- 
mond. lis harbor is one of the best in the U.S., permitting 
vessels of the largest class to come up to the wharves. Tlie 
village is regnlarly laid ovit, with streets crossing at right 
angles, and contains a court-house, jail, 5 churches, bank, 
etc. The Sea-bo:ird and lionuoke 11. li. extends \V. from 
Portsmouth to Weldon, SO miles, connecting with the main 
line of coast railroad, and a line is now being constructed 
from Portsmouth to Pelerslnirg. Adjoining Portsmouth is 
Gosport, containing the navy yard, dry dock, etc. PoiMila- 
tlon, 6,371. 

PoRTSMotrrn, t. and p. v., Ne^vport county, 7?. I. : 19 m. 
S. by E. Providence. It comprises the N. part of R. J. and 
several adj.icent islands in Narragansett bay. Soil every- 
where fertile, and under high cultivalinn. Large flocks 
and dairies are kept, and much grain and fruit raised. Coal 
and plumbago are found. Many of the inhabilants are en- 
gaged in the coasting trade and fisiierics. A bridge on the 
E. side connects it wilh Tiverton, and on the N. a ferry 
plies 1*1 Bristol. Pop. 1,S33. 

Poet Tobacco, p. v., and cap. Charles co., M'L : at the 
head of Tobacco r., S ni. from the Potomac, 42 m. S. W. 
Annapolis. It has an extensive trade in tobacco, the staple 
of the CO., and contains a court-house, jail, and about 500 
inhahitanU. The "P. T. Times" (neut.) is issued weekly. 

PonT Union, p. v., Butler county, Ohio: S2 m, W. S. W. 
Columbus. 

PoRTViLLE. t. and p. v., Cattaraugus co., jV. Y.: on the 
S. line of the State. 23*2 m. W. by S. Albany. Drained b} 
Alleghany r. and branches, on whicii are numerous saw- 
mills. Surface broken ; soil sandy louni, and heavily 
Umbered with pine. Pop. 747. 

Port "W^althall, v. and port, Chesterfield county, Vh-f/. : 
on llie Appomattox r., 19 m. S. S. E. Kichniond. A short 
branch from the Uichmoml and Petersburg R. R. conn-s up 
to this place, cotmecting with the James river steamers 
plying to Norfolk, elc. 

Port Walthall Junction, sta.. Chesterfield co.. Vir{/. ■ 
6 m. N. of Petersburg, on the Richmond and Pi-tersbur^ 
Pv. R. A branch R. R. diverges hence i»y connect with 
steamers at Pori Walthall. 

Port Wa!^uington, p. v., and port Tuscarawas co., Ohio: 
on the Ohio Canal an<i the right bank of Tuscarawas r.. 
7s m. E. by N. Cnhimltus. It contains several stores and 
warehouses. :iri(I 'diV.i inhabitants. Imports in ISoO, $27S,311, 
and exports, .^1*^.277. 

Port William, p. v.. Franklin co., Mo.: 4 m. S. of the 
Missouri, 67 m. E. JelTerson Ciiy. 



Pout AVilliam, p. v., Clinton co., Ohio: on Anderson's 
fork of Little Miami r., 49 m. S. W. Columbus. 

Posi;y county, /iid. Situate S. W., and contains 40S sq. ra. 
Drained by Big and Flat creeks, trilmtaries of the Wal)ash 
r., which forms its Wfslern boundary. Surface varied; in 
general it is rolling, but there are some hilly porti<ui8. and 
on the Ohio and Wabash the laud in many places terminates 
in high bluffs; .soil niudfratrly fertile and best adapteil to 
corn and grazing. Chief productions, wheat and Indian 
corn. Pork is exported largely. It contains some good 
beds of coal, and has a (pianiity of fine tiinlier. some of 
which is exjxtrted. Farms 1,270; manuf. 20: tlwell. 2.2C0, 
and pop.— wh. 12,451, fr. cul. 9^_total 12,549. OiiAtitl: 
Mount Vernon. 

PosBY. p. o., Madison co., Kij. : 58 m. S. E. Frankfurt. 

PosKvvtLLE, p. v., I'usL-y CO., Jnd.: V-io m. S. W. by S. 
In<Iianapolis. 

Post Crei-:k, p. o., Chemung co., N. T. : 15S m. W. S. W. 
Albany. 

Post Mill Yillace, p. v.. Orange county. Verm.: on 
Ompompanoosuc, r.. SI m. S. E. by 8. Montpelier. 

Post Oak, p. o., Vallabusha co., J//*.s\ ; 119 in. N. by E. 
Jackson. 

Post Oak, p. o., .T.ihnson co., Mo.: S5 m. W. Jefferson 
Ciiy. 

I'osT Oak, p. 0., Iredell co., X. On;: 12s m. W. by N. 
Raleigh. 

Post Oak Springs, p. o., Roane co.,7t'»«. ; 119 m. E.by S. 
Nashville. 

Post Town, sta.. Butler co., Ohio : 20 m. S. of Dayton, oa 
Ihe Cincinnati, llamillon. and Dayton R. R. 

PoHTViLLE, p. v., and cap. Logan co., ///. ; on Salt cr., 
2S m. N. E. by N. Sjiringfield. It contains a courl-house, 
jail, several stores and mills, and atiout 500 inhabitants. 

PosTviLLR, p. v., Allemakee co., I(t. : 95 m. N. Iowa City. 

PosTviLLK, p. v., Uerkimer co., 2i. }'.: 7S in. W. N. W. 
Albany. 

I'oTATO Creek, p. o., Ashe co., K. Car. : 173 m.W.by N. 
Raleigh. 

PoTEAir river, T/if7. Ter. : a small tributary of the Arkansas 
river, which it enters at Fort Smith. 

PoTEPASi, p. 0., Northampton co., N. Car. : S7 m. E. N. E. 
Raleigh. 

Potomac river, M<h and Virg. : rises in two branches, 
the N. and the S., wliich unite in Hampshire co., near the 
Alleghany Momilains, and thence forms, through nearly its 
wholt; course, the boundary bi-tween Virginia and Mary- 
land. At Alexandria, 290 m. from the oiean, it is 1} m. 
wide; it is 550 m. long, and enters Chosaj^eakc bay, be- 
tween Point Lookout and Smith's Point, by a mouth 10 ra. 
wide. II is navigable for ships of the line to the navy yard 
in Washington, 300 m. from the ocean, and 3 \w. below (he 
head of tide-water. Above this it is obstnn-ted by numerous 
falls and rapids. Little Falls are 3 m. above Washington, 
wilh a descent of 37 feet, around which is a canal 2i ul long, 
wilh 3 locks. Great Falls are 8J m. above, descend per- 
pendicularly 76 feet, around which is a canal of 5 lock?. 
Seneca Falls. 5 m. above, descend 10 feet; Shenandoah 
Falls. 60 m. above, are, at the passage of the river, through 
the lihie Ridge; Ilouris Falls are 5 m. above. Around all 
these falls canals have been constructed. Tlie fall of llic 
Potomac, from Ihe mouth of Savage r., which enters the 
Potomac at Wcstport, to Cumberland, 31 ul, is 445 feet ; 
from Cumberland to the Shenantloah Falls, 130 m., 490 
feet; at the Shenandoah, in 5i m, 4;i feet; from Ihe She- 
nandoah to Great Falls. 40 ra.. 39 feet: and llience to tide- 
water. 12 m., 14:i feel— the whole descent from the mouth 
of Savage river to lide-water, 219 m.. is 1,160 feet. Its prin- 
cipal triliutary is the Shenandoah, 200 in. long, antl navi- 
trable loo in., which enters it r»n the S. siile from Viririnia, 
inmiedialely before its passage thnmgli the Blue Ridge. 
This passage is a great curiosity, and its siirrounding scen- 
ery very grand. The Potomac is 42 feet deep at its moulli, 

095 



POT 



POU 



80 at St. George's island, IS at Swan's Point, and Ihence to 
Alexandria. 

PoTusi. p. v., and cap, "Wa^^hinetton co., Mo.: B9 m. 
S, K. by K. J.-fferscm City. It lies in llie heart of a rirli 
mining rcf^inn. abounding in It-ad an<l iron ores. The had 
ore, in the form of sulplmrct or carbonate, yields frmn 7(1 to 
80 ])er cent, of pure metal. Zinc blende and calamine are 
also found in great fiuanlities here. Tlie v. cnnhuns a courl- 
house, jail, aeadecny, and about 1,000 inhabitants. In ils 
vicinity are several iron furnaces. 

PoTosi, t. and p. v., Grant co.. Wise. : on the Mississippi, 
74 m.W. S.W. Madison. Drained by Grant and Eig Platlo 
rivers, which flow on its W. and E. borders. Surface un- 
even; soil nind(.'rately fertile. The v. is largely engaged In 
shipping the lead, which is mined in iniincnse quantities in 
llie vicinity, down the river, and has a population of about 
1,000. The "P. lU'puhlican" is issued weekly. 

Potsdam, t., p. v., nn<l sta., St. Lawrence co., K 3'.; on 
Kackct river, 156 in. N. N. W. Albany. Surface undu- 
lating; soW sandy loam, and very productive, nndorlaid by 
limestone and reil sandstone, very fine buihiing materials. 
The V. receives abundant water-power from falls in Kacket 
river, improved by various mills and fattnries. The St. 
Lawrence Academy, here located, is a flourishing chartered 
institution, having 2 lurge stone etiifices,4 stories high. The 
*'Si. Lawrence Mercury" (ueut.), and the "Courier"' are 
published weekly. The Northern 11. R. passes through the 
town, N. of the village, 25 m. from Ogdensburg, 93 m. from 
Eouse's Point, and the Watertown and Northern Junction 
E. li. is now being constructed. Pop. of I. 5,349. 

PoTTEK county, Penn. Situate N., and contains 1,064 
8q. m. Drained by affluents of W. branch of Susquehanna 
river, head branches of Genesee, Tioga, and Alleghany 
rivers, and Pine, Sitnremahoning, and Kettle creeks. Sur- 
face somewhat elevated; soil a rich loam, and productive. 
It contains fine beds of coal, and iron ore of a good quality, 
and is well limbered. Farms CS5 ; manuf 55 ; dwell. 1.135, 
and pop.— wh. 6,042, fr. col. 6— total 6,048. Capital: Cou- 
dersport. 

PuTTEB, t and p. 0., Tales co.. 21. Y. : 169 m. "W. by N. 
Albany. Drained by Flint cr. Snrface hilly ; soil fertile^ 
gravelly loam; a superior farming aud grazing t Pop- 
ulation 2,194. 

PoTTLB Place, sta., Merrimac county, JVl Iltvmp. : 30 m. 
K. W. of Concord, on the Northern K. R. 

Potter's Creek, p. o., Ocean co., A''. Jer. : 27 m. E. S. E. 
Trenton. 

PoTTEii's IIiLL, p. v.,'Washington co., li. I. : 29 m. S. S. "W. 
Providence. 

Pottee"s Kill, p. c, Rensselaer co., 2T. Y. 

Potter's IIullow, p. v., Albany county, 3^! Y.: 29 m. 
S. "W. by W. Albany; a farming settlement, near the head 
of the Calskill. 

Potter's Mills, p. o., Centre county, Fenn. : 55 m. N. W. 
Earrisburg. 

Potthrsville, p. v., Hunterdon county, M. Jer.: 29 m. 
N. Trenton. 

Pottersville, p. v., "VVarren co., X. Y.: on Schroon r., 
71 m. N. Albany. 

PoTTERSViLLE, p. v., Mahoning co., Ohio: 129 m. E. N. E. 
Columbus. 

PuTTERSVTLLK, p. V., Cheshiro county, N. Uamp. : 3S m. 
S. W. by W Concord. 

PoTTowATOMiE couuty, la. Situate "W. towanl the S., 
and contains about 950 sq. m. Drained by Nishnabatonar., 
and Keg, Mosquito, and Gophen creeks, all branches of 
Missouri r., which runs on its western border. Surface un- 
dulating; soil fertile. Set off since 1>50. 

Pott's Ckeek, p. o., Alleghany co., I'irff. : 146 m. W. by N. 
Eichmond. 

Pott's G aovE, p. v., Northumberland co., Pemi. : 49 m. N. 
Harrisburg. 

Porr's GuovE, t., Montgomery county, Penn.: 6G ro. E. 
C96 



Harrisburg. Drained l\v Manat^iwny and Sprogel's linn, 
and the Schuylkill r. bounds it on the Mmtli. Surface hilly; 
soil red shale. The p. o. is at Pott-Hlr>wn. There are several 
furnaces, rolling-mills, etc. in the town, and also other 
manufactures. Pop. 2,711. 

Putt's Mills, p. o., Jessamine county, Ky. : 32 m. S. E. 
Frankf.irt. 

PoTfsTOwN, p, 1)., Montgomery co., Penn.: on the left 
bank of Schuylkill r., at the mouth of M.matawuy cr., 65 m. 
E. Harrisburg. It has good water-power, and contains an 
academy, a forge, a rulling-niill, using steam, several factories 
and mills, and 1,647 inhabitants. Near it is a furnace of 
1,400 tons capacity. The Schuylkill canal passes along the 
r., and the Pliiiadelphia and Reading li. K.. I'y which 
it is 40 m. from Philadelphia. Two weeklies are pub- 
lished, the " M. Ledger" ^dem.), and the "Neulrolist" 
Pop. G47. 

PoTTSviLLE, p. o,, Washington co., Ta. 

PoTi-sviLLE. p. v., Schuylkill county, Penn.: near the 
Schuylkill, above the gorge where that river breaks through 
Sharp Mountain, 4G m. N. E. by E. Harrisburg. Pottsville, 
as ineori)ora(ed in 1S2S, embraces also the once separate 
villages of Mount Carbon, Morrisville, Gi'eenwood, Salem, 
Rath, and AUeiiville. Mount Carbon comprises ihe soutliorn 
part of pottsville lying in the valley between Sharp and 
Second mountains. The scenery of the surrounding country 
is wild and picturesque, and in its mountainous top(tgraphy 
presents many romantic localities. 

Pottsville is noted as a great mining dep6t for the 
anthracite and iron regions of the Upper Schuylkill. The 
Schuylkill Canal has ils terminus at this point, and also the 
Philadelphia, Reading, and Pottsville R. li., wliich here 
connect wilh several railroads leading to llie neialiboring 
mines, and with the Suubury and Erie R. K. now in course 
of construction between the two places. This latter road 
when completed will furnish one of the nearest routes from 
the Atlantic coast and the lakes, and insure to Philadetphia 
ils just share otthe commerce of those inland waters. The 
canal and the Reading R. 11. are the avenues <iver which 
most of the coal from ihe Schuylkill region is carried. The 
quantity of anthracite sent to market in 1S51, was 2,173,584 
tons. 

The borough contains numerous iron works, machine and 
engine shops, extensive warehouses, stores of various kinds, 
mechanic shops, breweries, tjinneries, and numerous mer- 
cantile houses. It has a bank— cap. $'2iJ0.0i;0, several 
spacious hotels, 6 or 7 churche<(, generally of respectable 
appearance, several public buildings — the town hall, an 
academy, and 13 public schools wilh 642 scholars, and there 
are published here four weekly newspapers, viz., the 
"Mining Register" (dem.), the " P. Emporium" (dem.), the 
"Miner's Journal" (whig), the "Free Press" (whig), each 
circulating from 1,000 to 1.500 copies at each issue. 

The place was originated and has been sustained by the 
coal and iron interest. It is tlie largest and most impi>rljmt 
town in the county. In 1340 it contained 4,345 inhabitants, 
and in 1S50 it had 7,946 inhabitants, being an increase in 
the decade of 82.9 per centum. The distance to Philadel- 
phia by railroad is 93 miles. 

Pouch Creek, p. o., Campbell co., Tenn. : 131 m. E. by 
N. Nashville. 

PouGUKEEpsiE, p. V., Alien CO., Ind. : lOS m. N. E. by N. 
Indianapolis. 

PouGHKEEPsiE, t., p. V., and cap. Duchess county, Al Y.: 
66 m. S. Albany. Drained by \S'api)ingrr's au'i Fall creeks, 
which supply water-power. Surface undulating, ami in 
some parts nmgh and broken; soil sand, clay, and loam, 
underlaid by limestone, and very fertile. Tiie v. lies on the 
E. bank of Hu<ison r., and is an important manufacturing 
and conmiercial i)oint. Lat. 41^41' N. ; long. 73^ 55' W. 
The ground on which built is iMevaled about 200 feet 
above the river, and extends itito it liy two Ijold promon- 
tories on the nurlh and south, forming a large o(ien li:u>m 



POU 



PRA 



in front of Ihc landing. The stret-ta art- regularly laid out, 
and are spacinus, with n)atiy handj-otne and substantial 
bLiildings. Main Streel, leading back from tin- landing, is 
the [iriticipal sJreeU Many of tlie elmrclies. of which Ihere 
are Iti or IT, are expensive edifices, and tasteful and elegant 
in their arcliilectural einbcllisliinenls. Tlie v. coniains the 
county court-hiiuse, jail, 4 I>atiks — cap. $Gii0.i>00, a s.nvinijs' 
inslilntinn, the county ponr-house, a collegiate schoi)!, an 
academy, and {oinale seminaries, numcnms public schools, 
a lyceum, two market-houses, and a variety of oilier public 
buildings and instituli'ms. The newspapers published here 
are ttie " 1*. Joitrnal ami Eagle" twhig). the '' 1'. Telegraph*' 
(dem.), and the " I*. American'' (K. 8.), all issued weekly, 
an«i having extensive circulation. The Cullegiate School 
has a fine lneaiion <in a hill, about a miU' frimi the river, 
an<l the building, moileled afar the rarlheuon. is 13" feel 
long, erected at a cost uf $i''iO')0. The Duelnss County 
Academy has a building in the S. E. part of the village, 
■which c^Kst ^14,(Hii>. The State and National Law School 
has recently been removed from Ualston to Pouf^hkeepsie. 
A large business wiih the back ootmlry is transacted at 
Poughkecpsie. The jirincipal manufactures, brass and iron 
■ware, carpets, cotton g<iods, pins, gims, leather, bperm oil, 
candles, agrirullural implements, carriages, plaster, ma- 
chinery, crockery, etc. Eallkill, which, winding through the 
village, falls through a ravine 170 feet into the Hudson, 
furnishes iiintiense waler-powcr. The largest manufacturing 
establishments are company concerns. One company niiinu- 
factures locomotives, railroad machinery, etc., another is 
incorporated for the growth and manulacture of silk, and 
another invests its cajjilal in the whale fishery, and in the 
manufacture of oil and caudles. The largest brewery in the 
State, located here, makes 36.000 barrels of ale annually. 
The several foundries, machine shops, etc., are among the 
largest in the Union. 

Ponghkeepsie has a connection with the principal river 
towns, Albany and New York city, by steamboats which 
are constantly [dying. The Hudson riser li. It. also passes 
through the village cqui-distant between New York and 
Albany — the route to either being 75 m. in length. 

P*>nghkeepsic was incorporated in ISOl. Its name is said 
to have originated from the Indian name of the place, 
Apnkeepsing " safe harbor.'* Its population, in 1S30, was 
7.222; in 1S40. 10,000; and in ISSO, 13,0-tl; the decenni;d 
increase having beni from 1S30 to 1S40. 3S.54 per cent, and 
from 1S40 to IS-iO, 39.35 per cent. In 17>3 the State con- 
vention met here to deliberale on the adoption of the United 
States Constitution, an<l on other occasions it has been the 
"half-way house" between the political and commercial 
capitals of the Slate. 
PoronyiTAo, Duchess co., 2T. Y. : 6S m. S. Alliany. 
PouLTNEY. sla., liutland oo., Venn.: 7 ra. S. of Castleton, 
on the Uutland and Washitigton R. R, The t. of Poultney. 
drained by the river of the same name, has a diversified 
surface, and a warm, fertile soil. The v., near the centre, 
contains some TO dwellings, and there is als<» a pleasant v. 
in the west. In the t. are several furnaces, mills, etc., and 
2,329 inhabitants. 

Poultney river, Vemu: rises in Tinmouih, and flows 
"W. inlo E. bay of Champlain lakts It is about 25 m. long, in 
its course affording good water-power, and tor a little dis- 
tance is the dividing line between Vermont and New 
York. 

PouNn, p. 0., Russell co., Tirg. : at the E. base of Cum- 
berland mts., and on a S. fork of the "W. branch of Big 
Sandy r.. 274 m. W. by S. liichmond. 

PouMo;ir)f:i:, t. and p. v., Westchest.-r co.. K. Y. : 103 m. 
S. by E. AIi>;tny. Surface hilly and stony; s-.il gravelly 
loam. A farming and grazing t.. with several smalt manu- 
factories. The village contains two churches, and about 40 
dwellings. Pop. 1,4SG, 

rovEP.TY Hill, p. o., Edgefield disl., S. Car. ; about 3 m. 
E. of Savannah r., 71 m. S. W. by "W. Columbia. 

Q4 



Powohn i^pRiNG Gap, p. o., Grainger co., 71 tin.: l^C ra. 
E. Navhvillr. 

PowDiiK Si*RiN(is, p, o., CobI) Co., o'ii. : near Sweet ^Vat(■r 
er., a W. branch of Chaitahuochee r., Hi5 m. N. \V. li\ \V. 
Mille<lgeville. 

Powkll's river. Virg. : rises from Powell's Mountain, and 
passing into Tennessee, miiles witli Clinch r., altout 4 m. 
above Knoxville. It is boalable fur nearly loO miles. 

IViwell's Mountain, p. o., Lee co.. Vii-fj.: about 'J ni. 
E. of Powell's r., 'J9S m. W. by S. Richmond. 

Powkll'b Point, p. o., Currituck co,, X. Gn-.: l.'.y m. 
E, by N. Raleiiih. 

Powell's Tavei:n, p. o., Goochland co., Vir^,'.: VI m. 
W. N. W. liichm.md. 

PowEi.LTo.N, ji. v., H.arris<.n county, Tc,r.: 25S in. X. IC. 
Au^tin Cily. 

Powr-LTuN, p. o., Rrunswick co., Vinj.: 01 m. S. by W. 
Richmond. 

FowELTON', p. o., Richmond eo., A'. (_'<!i: : OS ni. S. W. by 
■\y. Raleigh. 

PowELTo.v, p. v.. Hancock co., Ga. : on Ogoechee r., -35 m. 
N. E. Milledgcville. It contains an academy, several stores 
and mills, ami 300 inliabitants. 

PowEKs's Mill, s^la., Waukeslia co., TTV.sr..* 15 ni. y< . of 
Milwaukie, on the Mihvaukie and Mississippi R. R, 

PowEiisviLLE, p. v., Bracken co., A>. .- 02 ra. N. E. by E. 
Frankfort. 

Poweshiek county. /-/. Situate S. K. centrally, and con- 
tains 570 sq. Ml. Drained by N. fork of Iowa r , X. fork of 
Skunk r., and Beaver an<l Prairie creeks. Surface undulat- 
ing; soil f.rtile. Set off" since 1S50. 

Powhatan county, Virg. Situate S. E. centrally, and 
contains 22U sq. m. Drainc<l by brandies of Jatiies' and 
Appomattox rivers. Surface level; soil fertile. (, hief pro- 
ducts, Indian corn and tobacco. Parn)s Ml'J; maTuit. 0; 
dwell. 517, and pop.— wh. 2,532, fr. col. 3W, si. 5,-_'-.2— total 
S,1TS. Capital: Scotisville. 

Powhatan, p. o., Lawrence CO., ^ly-X'.; on Big Black r., 
109 m. N. E. by N. Little Rock. 

Powhatan, C. II., p. v., and cap. Powhatan c.)., Vir(i. : 
2S m. W. liiihrntmd. It contains a court-h-use, jail, acad- 
emy, and about 201) inhabitants. The v. is called Sci>tisvillc. 

Powhatan Poi.nt, p. v., Belmont co., Ofno: on llie Ohio, 
115 m. E. Columbus. 

Powhatan. s!a.. Powhatan co., Virg. : 22 m. from Rich- 
mond, on the Richmond and Danville R. R. 

Powl's Valley, p. o.. Dauphin co., J'f}}>i. 

PowNAL, t. anil p. o., Cnmberlan<i co., J/c. ; 35 m. S. ^y. 
Augusta. Soil fertile. Farming is the chief oecupalion. 
The Atlantic and St. Lawrence R. R. passes the W. border, 
pop. uf t. 1,(174. 

PovvKAL, t. and p. v., Bennington county. Verm.: in the 
S. W. corner of the State, 112 miles S. S. W. Montpidicr. 
Drained by Hoo-rie r., which affords water-jiower. Surface 
broken; soil feriilc, supporting large flocks and dairies. It 
has several factories. The v. is localed on ihe righi. side of 
Iloosic r. The Troy and Boston R. R. will pa.*s through 
the west part of the t. Pop. 1,742, 

Pow-wow river, A"". Jlamp. ; an aflluent of Mcrrimac r. 
It rises in Kingston, and falls into the Mcrrimac between 
Salisbury and Amcsl»ury. Mass., wlicre a fall of li)0 feet is 
50 rods aflVirds an extensive water-power. 

PoYNETT, p. o., Columbia county, UVvr. .- 22 miles N. 
Madison. 

PoY Sippi, p. o., Manpietto co., Wise: 57 m. N. N. E. of 
Madison, 

PitAiniE county, Arl\ Situate E. centr.ally. and contains 
94.*> sq. m. Drained by branches of Arkansas r, tlie princi- 
pal one being Bayou Meter, which passes through It cen- 
trally. Surface generally even; soil fertile. It h:is some 
good timber buul. Farms 155; manuf. 0: 4lwetl. 32S. and 
pop._wh. 1,S12, fr. col. 12, si. 273— toud 2,097. Capital; 
Brownviile. 

691 



PRA 



PEA 



Prairie, p. o., Lewis county, 3to. : about 6 m. W. of the 
Mississippi, luT m. N. by E. Jt-fferson City. 

PiiAiitiK, t., Franlilin Co., Ohio: 9 ni. W. S. VT. Columbus. 
Drained by Darby cr. anil \[& Iributaries. Surface generally 
levfl i>rairic. Tlie Nalinnal linail .inJ the Columbus and 
Xonia l;. l:. pass through it. Top. 1,04;S. 

I'n.viBiE river, 3Ilch. : a tributary of St. Joseph's r., about 
40 in. I"ng. It baa ita source in several small lakes, and 
disch.irges itself about 2 m. below the v. of Three Eivcrs. 

Tkaikie Hied, p. o., Shelby co., III.: 47 m. E. S. E. of 
Springfield. 

rBAiEiE Bluff, p. o., 'Wilcox co., Ala. : on the right bank 
of Alabama r., 67 m. W. by S. Montgomery. 

Praikie Creek, p. o., Logan county, III. : 34 m. N. E. 
Springfield. 

Prairie Creek, p. o., Vigo county, Ind. : 6 m. E. of the 
Wabash, 70 m. W. S. W. Indianapolis. 

Prairie dd Ciiies, p. v., and cap. Crawford co., TTmc. ; 
on the Mississippi, 3 m. above the month of the Wisconsin, 
89 m. W. by S. Madison. L.at. 43° 03' 06", N., and long. 
910 09' 19" W. The prairie from which it lakes its name is 
10 ra. Ii>ng and 3 wide, and is one of the most fertile regions 
of tlic Wist. The V. contains the county buildings, half a 
dozen churches, several school-houses, and numerous me- 
chanic shops and places of business. Its trade is large and 
rapiiUy increasing. There are rich mines of copper and 
galena in the neighborhood ; and numerous mounds occur 
in all directions, indicating it to have been a place of some 
consequence with the races long since defunct. Fort Craw- 
ford, a U. S. military post, is situate immediately south of 
the village. Pop. 3,49S. 

Pbaikie du Long. p. o., SI- Clair co., Jll. : on a W. afflu- 
ent of the Knskaskia, 110 m. S. by W. Springfleld. 

PuAiEiE Di- KociiER, p. V., Randolph county, ///. ; on the 
bluffs, about 4 m. E. of the Mississippi,' 123 m. S. by W. 
Springfield. The village contains a Eoman Catholic church 
and about 400 inliabitants, descendants of the French, who 
made an early settlement here, and whose manners and 
customs are still retained. 

Prairie df Sauk, p. v., Sank Co., Wi.^f. : on the right 
bank of the Wisconsin, 22 m. N. W. Ijy W. Madison. It 
is a v. of rapid growth, with a large trade, containing sev- 
eral mills and CuO inhabitants. 

Prairie Mee Koi'ge, p. o., Morehause par.. La. : 162 m. 
N. by W. Baton P.ouge. 

Prairie Mount, p. o., Chickasaw county. Miss. : 129 m. 
N. E. by N. .Jackson. 

Prairie Plains, p. o., Grimes county, Tex. : 106 m. E. 
Austin City. 

Praiiue Point, p. o., Noxubee co., 3ri.^s. : about 5 m.W. 
of Tombigbce r., 119 m. N. E. by E. ,T.ackson. 

Praikie Eiver. p. o.. Branch co., Midi.: on a S. branch 
of St. Joseph's r., 74 m. S. S. W. Lansing. 

Prairie Ronde, 1. and p. o., Kalamazoo co.,J/7c/i. ; 77 m. 
6. W. Lansing. Drained by the head of llocky r. Surface 
undulatintr, and mostly rich prairie, with groves of maple 
and hickory. An excellent t. for grain growing. Popu- 
lation 0911. 

Prairieton, p. v., Yigo county, Tml. : on tho S. side of 
Iloney creek, 8 m. E. of the Wabash, 72 m. W. S. W. 
Indianapolis. 

Peairieville, t and p. o., Barry county, inch.: ,54 m. 
W. S. W. Lansing. Surface slightly broken, imd dotleil 
with numerous ponds tributary to the Kalamazoo. Popu- 
lation 55S. 

Prairieville. p. v., Clinton eo., Ind. : about 2 m. E. of 
the Lafayette and Indianapolis E. E., 42 m. N. W. Indian- 
apolis. 

Peairieville, p. v.. Pike eo., Mo.: 71 m. N. E. by E. 
Jefferson City. 

I'RALijiviLLE, p. v., Hunterdon co., N. Jei: : on Delaware 
r., at the mouth of Wiekechecoke cr.. 17 m. N. W. Trenton. 
The Belvidcre Delaware E. P.. passes lUrough it. 
698 



Pratt, p. o., Shelby county, Ohio: 62 m. W. :n. W. 
Columbus. 

PE-vn's, sta., Worcester co., Mass. ; 13 m. X of Worcester, 
on the Filchburg and Worcester E. K. 

PRATrSRUBO, p. v., Talbot co., Ga.: about 8 m. W. of 
Flint r., 76 m. W. by S. Milledgeville. 

Pr.\ttsburo, p. v., Eiplcy co., Jmt. : on an E. branch of 
Laughery's cr., 63 m. S. E. Indianapolis. 

Pkattsburg, t and p. v., Steuben co., K. Y.: 17S in. W, 
Albany. Drained by branches of C(jnhocton r., which fur- 
nish numerous mill-sites. Surface somewhat hilly; soil pro- 
ductive of wheat, but better adapted to grass. Timber is 
abundant. The v. contains an incorporateil academy, sev- 
eral mills, 6 or 8 stores, and about 6U0 inhabitants. Popu- 
lation of t. 2,7S6. 

PitATTSBUuG, p. 0., Orange co., K Car. : 27 m. N. W. 
Ealeigh. 

Pratt's IIollow, p. o., Madison county, iV. Y.: 91 m. 
W. by N. Albany. 

Pbattsville, t. and p. v., Greene co., JV; Y. : 48 m. S. W. 
Albany, 32 m. W. by N. Calskill, and 37 m. N. W. Kingston. 
Drained by Schoharie cr., which runs through it from south 
to north, and affords considerable mill-power. Surface gen- 
erally broken and mountainous; but the soil of the flats on 
the creek is very fertile, and the uplands are good for graz- 
ing. This I was set off from Windham in 1>82, and named 
after the Hon. Zadoek Pratt, who here built the largest 
tannery in the United Slates. The village is handsomely 
situate on a flat on the N. E. side of Schoharie creek, and 
on the turnpike, which is lined with beautiful rows of elm 
and maple-trees on each side, planted 20 years ago, by tho 
founder of the settlement. It contains 2 furnaces, 1 machine 
shop, 1 cotton-mill, 2 woolen factories, 2 grist-mills, 3 hat 
factories, 1 carriage factory, 2 glove and mitten factories. 4 
hotels, 1 brewery, 1 oil-cloth factory, 1 match factory, 3 cab- 
inet-ware manufactories, 3 blacksmith shops. 2 watch and 
jewelry stores, 3 tin-ware shops, 1 turning-machine shop, 4 
tailors' shops, 11 stores, 1 bank, capital $1011,000 (now wind- 
ing up), 1 Dutch Reformed church, 1 Methodist church, and 
1 Episcopal church, 1 incorporated academy, 9 school-houses, 
and a printing-office, from which is issued tlio" P. Advo- 
cate" (dem.), which circulates fntm 500 to 600 copies weekly. 
There are about 150 dwelling-houses in the village, and 1,500 
inhal'itants. This is the westernmost bounds of Greene CO., 
and here corner three counties — Greene, Delaware, and 
Schoharie. The Gilboa, Pratlsville, and Shandaken turnpike 
passes through the v., and also the Schoharie-kiil bridge turn- 
pike. A railroad is also being surveyed from Newburg to 
Syracuse, which will probably p.ass through Pratlsville. The 
immense tannery buildings of the Hon. Zadoek Pratt, at 
which, in 20 years, no less an amount than 1.000,000 sides of 
sole leather had been lanned, and around w hieh the v. had 
grown up, are now occupied by the cotton and woolen fac- 
tories above mentioned, their origimal purpose having been 
foregone on account of the exhaustion of material (hemlock 
bark) for carrying on the tanning business. Of the f.iundcr 
of the v., it may tridy be said that he is a "self-iuade man.'i 
Born in Rensselaer co. in 1790, then almost a wilderness, and 
trained up to labor, he has raised himself from a hu nible posi- 
tion by the powers of his own unaided energies to tho enjoy- 
ment of a fortune of wliieli a prince might be proud. In his 
time and generation he has made for himself a name, and 
for the future youth of our country a pattern worthy of imi- 
tation. But the most glorious trait in his character has been 
his honesty and integrity — ho can count 30,000 employees 
among whom he has distributed hundreds of thousands of 
dollars, and throughout his long course he has never had a 
disagreement with one of them, nor been the defendant in 
any suit against him for wages or claims of any kind. As 
the ancients were used to record the lives of benefactors by 
sculptured stories, so at Praltsville arc recorded on the native 
rocks the memoirs of its patron, and from the \ illnge road 
may be seen, in alto relievo, a fac-siniilo of the Pratt tan« 



PRA 

ncriis. Die busl of Mr. Pratt himsL'lf, awl :iii enibK-nniti.- cm- 
ceptinii of a great act of his life in the institution ol a Bureau 
of :?tatistios, whieh he effeotcJ durin*;: his term as represent- 
ative in Congress from the llih dislriet of ilie Stale. These 
will longtfU the story of a life well spent, and when his 
earlhly career is run, the youth will read the lesson tliey 
convey, and strive to emulate tlio sul>jeet of the leEemls 
in his many virtues. Population of t. in 1S40, 1,G1!3, and in 
1650, I.9S9. 

Trattstille, p. v., Vinton county, Ohio: Gl m. S. K. 
Columbus. 

rBATTViu.E. p. v., Autauga CO., Aln.: on Autauga cr., a 
small N.aniuentof Alabama r., 12 m.W.N.W.Montg(miery. 

rp-KBLE county, 0/iio. Situate W. toward the S., and con- 
tains teo sq. m. Drained by Four Mile, St. Clair, and Frank- 
lin crtelis. Surface varied, in genera! it is level or rolling, 
au'l a large portion is thickly wooded ; soil a fine deep 
mold, and very productive. Stnplea, wheat and In-Iiaii 
corn. It has some fine grazing land, and a large nunil)er 
of cattle and hogs are fattened and sent to Eastern markets. 
Farms 1,799; manuf. 109; dwell. 3.749, and pop.— wh. 
21.G53, fr. col. 7S— total 21,736. OipiUtl: K.iton. Puhltc 
Wurk.<i: Dayton and Western K. K. ; Dayton and Green- 
ville K. 11. ; Hamilton and Eaton K. 11.; Four Mile Valley 
li. K.; Junction K. E. 

Preble, t. and p. v., Cortlandt co.. K Y. : 119 m. "W. by N. 
Albany. Drained by Cold cr. Surface hilly; soil gravL-lly 
luani, very productive of grass and grain. A superior farm- 
ing and dairy town. The v. contains several shops and 
stores, and about 300 inhabitants. Pop. of t. 1.312. 

PuECiNCT, p. v., Boone county. 111. : on the W, side of 
Beaver cr., ISo m. N, by E. Springfield. 

PiiE-EMPTioN, p. 0., Mercer co., III. : 114 m. N. N. W. 
gpritigfield. 

Pui'.NTiss Vale, p. o., M'Eean co., Penn. : 129 m. N. "W. 
Harrisburg. 

PiiEScoiT. t. and p. v., Hampshire county, Mtiss.: Go ni. 
W. by N. Boston. Drained by branches of Swift r. Surface 
rough and bruken ; soil chieSy adapted to grazing, which is 
Uie leading interest. Pop. 73T. 

Peesidkst Furs ace, p. o.. Venango co., Penrf. ; 173 m. 
N. \y. by W. Harrisburg. Here is a furnace of 1,100 tuns 
capacity. 

PuEs^iUE Isle county, 31ich. Situate N. of the S. Penin- 
sula, and contains 725 sq. m. Drained by the N. branch of 
Thunder Bay r. and other streams. Organized since ISSO. 

pRt>:tii-E Isle, p.o., Aroosiook county, J/e. ; about lS2m. 
N. E. Augusta. 

Piu-SiuN county, Tlrff. Situate N. W., and contains 545 
sq. m. l>raincd by <'heat r., main branch of Monongahela 
river. Surface mountainous and rough ; soil various — in 
some parts it is very fertile. Chief product, Indian corn. It 
contains good grazing land. Farms 1,019 ; manuf. 5 ; dwell. 
1,6G4, an<i pop.— wh. 11.574, fr. eul. 47, si. S7— total 11,703. 
CitpiUit: Kiugwood. Public Wvrk^: Baltimore and Ohio 
Kail road. 

Prestos, t. and p. v., New London co., Conn. : on the E. 
side of Quiiinebaugand Thames rivers, 39 m. E.S. E. Hart- 
ford. Drained by Broad and Poquelanock rivers. Surface 
rough and stony ; soil better for grazing than grain-grow- 
ing. The Norwich and Worcester K. II. passes on the W. 
b'irder along the rivers. The v. is near Amoss's pond, a fa- 
vorite summer resort. Pop. of t. 1,S04. 

PixsTON, p. o., Yallabusha co., Mi^s.: IIG m. N. N. E. 
Jack son. 

Preston, t. and p. c, Chenango co., J^. Y. : on lh(; W. 
side of Ch>ii:ingo r., 94 m. W. by S. Albany. Drained by 
small aftlucnts i-f the river; surface uneven ; soil lerlile, 
adaptid to gruss or grain, and mostly well limbered. Tliere 
is a small v. in the N. part of the U The Chenango Canal 
lies on (he S. E. corner. Pop, 1.0S2. 

Prestos, p. o., Hamilton county, Ohio: on a branch of 
Whitewater r., 102 m. W. S. W. Columbus. 



PRI 

Pai-STUN. t. and p. o., Wayne county. J'tini. : 12s in. 
N. E. by N. Harrisburg. Draim-d by allluenli of Delaware 
river. Surf;ice bmken ; s<'il gravelly luam, heavily limbered 
with pine, hemlock, and chestnut. 

Prestos, p. v., Grayson county, Te.T.: on Ked r., 23S m. 
N. N. E. Austin City. Large aEiiounls of cotton arc &hiiii>eJ 
here, 

PRESTONBrito, p. v., and cap. Floyd e*)., Ky.: on the W. 
fork of Big Sandy r., 121' m. E. by S. Frankfort. It contains 
a court-huuae, jail, several mills and stores, and 200 inhab- 
itants. 

Preston Hollow, p. v., Albany county, X. Y. : 27 m. 
S.W. by W. Albany. It contains several mills, lialf a ddzeu 
stores, and 300 inhabitants. 

Prestosville, v., l;hea county. TI/in. ; o\\ llu- N. side of 
Tennessee r., 117 m. E. by S. Nasliville. 

Pufstonville, p. v., Carroll co., Ky.: on the Ohio, just 
below the mouth of the Kentucky, 34 m. X. X. W. Frank- 
furt. It has a convenient landijig, and contains about 3UD 
inhabilanl'?. 

Prkw!1t"3 Kson, p. o.. Barren co., K'j. : 104 m. S. S. W. 
Frankfort. 

Prick, p. o., Huntington county, 7/;'^.; 70 ni. N. N. E 
Imlianapolis. 

PiucEBURG, p. v., Monroe co., Ptnn.: lul m. N. E. by E. 
Harrisburg. 

Pricetown, p. v., Berks county, Penn. : 5G m. E. by N. 
Harrisburg. Here is a furnace of 1,400 tons caj)acily, buill 
prior to 1T70. 

Pricetown, p.o., Highland co., Ohio: 62 m. S. by W. 
Columbus. 

Priceville, p. v., Wayne county, P^jnn.: 119 m. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Prillaman's, p. o., Franklin co., T7/'£/. ; on the N. side of 
Smilh's r., 151 m. W. S. W. Richmond. 

Prlmerose, p. v., Lee co., Ja. : GS m. S. by W. Iowa City. 

Primerose, t. and p. o., Dane co., H7.se. .- 19 m. S. W. 
Madison. Drained by Sugar r. Surface rolling; soil very 
fertile, a large part being vegetable m<>ld and mraduw. 
Farming products of all kinds are grown in profusion. 
Pop. 34S. 

Prisce Edward county, H/'f/. Situate S. centrally, and 
contains 255 sq. m. Drained by branehes of Appouialtox r. 
Surface rolling; soil fertile, and generidly well cullivalod. 
Chief products, Indian corn and tobacco. It contains 
ilampdcn Sidney College, foundeil in 17:S3, also a prepara- 
tory academy. Farms 421; manuf. S6; dwell. S05,an«l pop. 
— wh. 4.177,' fr. col. 4SS, si. 7,192— total 11,S57. CtpiUU: 
Prince Edward. Pnhtic Works: liichmond and Danville 
U. K.; South Side R. Pv, etc. 

Peinch Edward, p. o., Gilmer co.. Ga. : near the source 
of Coosawatlee r., 134 m. N. W. by N. Milledgevillc. 

Prince Edward CooTtT-nuusK, p. v., and cap. Prince 
Edward co., Virg.: 53 m. W. S. W. liichmond, A large 
trade in tobacco is carried on here. The v. contains a 
court-house, jail, academy, and about 300 inhabitants. 

Prince Fredeeicktown, p. v., and cap. Calvert co., 
Md.: on Parker's cr., 4 m. W. of Chesapeake bay, -.1 m. 
S. by W. Annapolis. It contains a court-house, jail, acad- 
emy, and 450 inhabitants. 

Prince George county, Virff. Situate toward the S. E., 
and contains 275 sq. m. Draiuotl by Blaekwater river. 
Surface an extended plain; soil fertile. Chief producL'i, 
Indian cnrn and tobacco. Cotton is also gmwn in the co. 
Farms 336; manuf. 23; dw.dl. CGI, and pop.— wh. 2,G"0, 
fr. col. 51S, si. 4,40S— total 7,595. OipiUd: Prince George 
C. H. Puhlic Works: Appomattox li. It.; Petersburg 
Pv. U.; Petersburg arul Xorlblk K. U.. etc. 

Prince Gkorce's county, M'l. Situate W., and contains 
492 sq. ni. Dniiried by branches of Patuxent river, which 
forms its E. Itoundary, ami of Potomac river, which 
bounds it on tin- S. W. Surface uneven; soil fertile, and 
well adaj)ted to tobacco, which it produces in large quanli- 

g:»9 



PRI 



PRO 



lieis anil wliich is ihe st.^pIe. It mist-s goml crops of wheat 
ami Imliun corn, mul liris some fine limber land. Furins 
8S5: nmnnf. 2S; dwell. I.S75, nnd pnp.— \vh. S.901, fr. col. 
1,1-3;). si. ] 1,510— lolal "21.550. Capital of Vie county : Upper 
Marlboro'. 

Pkincb Gforgk C. II., p. v.. and cap. Prince George 
CO., Viifj,: 52 i\\. N. N. K. Kichiuund, It couUiine the co. 
biiildintra anil several stores. 

PitiM-E's b;iy. y, y.: on the S. E. side of Slaten Island. 
It furnishes safe anchorage in a N. M. stonn ; antl is noted 
for tlie fine flavored oysters it produces. 

pKiNCESS Anne county, Virg. Situate S. E.. and contains 
351 ?q. m. Drained by North r. and E. branch of Elizabeth 
r. Surface level and somewhat elevated, presenting the aj)- 
pearance of table-land; soil fertile. Chief produetion, In- 
dian corn. Farms "I'i, manuf. S, dwell. S93. and pop.— wh. 
4,2S0. fr. col. 259, sla. 3,130— total 7,6tJ9. Capital: Princess 
Anno C. H. 

PuiNCEss Anne, p. v., nnd cap. Somerset co., Md, : near 
the heail of Manokin r., 16 m. E. of Chesapeake bay, 6S m. 
S. E. Annapolis. It is regularly hud out, and .Hubsuinlially 
built with brick, has a brisk trade, and coni;iiris a conrl- 
house,"'jail, academy, and 700 inhabitants. The " S. Herald'' 
(whig) is published weekly. 

Princi-ss Anne C. H,, p. v., and cap. Princess Anne co., 
Yirg. : 93 m. S. E. by E. liichinnnd. It contains a court- 
house, an academy, and 200 inhabitants. 

PniNCETON, p. v., and cap. Dallas co., Arl:: about mid- 
way between Warhita and Saline rivers, 56 miles S. by W. 
Little Kock. It contains the co. buildings, several stori.:s, 
and 300 itdiabitanls. 

PiiiNCKTON, p, v., and cnp. Bureau co., 7?/. ; S m. W. of 
the Illinois. 112 m. N. by E. Springfield. It lie.s on the bor- 
der of a large prairie, surrounded by a rich farming region, 
with which it carries on an extensive trade, and contains a 
court-house, jail, academy, and about 20 stores. The 
"Bureau Advocate" {free soil) b publishLd weekly. 

PaixcEToN, p. v., and cap. Gibson co., Ind. : 3 m. S. of 
Paloka creek, 119 m. S. W. by S. Indianapolis. It is sur- 
rounded by a rich farming region, with which it has a bri>k 
trade, and contains a eonrt-house, jail, 2 academies, 20 
stores, and S06 inhabitants. It is 27 miUs N. of Evansville, 
and th<* same distance S. of Vinccnnes on the Evansville 
and Illinois K. li. Two weekly papt-rs are published, the 
'' G. lieview" (whig) ami the " Democratic Clarion."' 

PitiNcETON, |>. v., Scott CO., Pt. : on the Missi^sijipi, 24 m. 
above Davenport, GO m. K. Iowa City. 

pRiscF-ToN, p. v., Jackson co., Ala. : on an E. branch of 
Paint Kock r, 161 m. N. by E. Montgomery. 

Princeton, p. v.. Caldwell co., Kij. : 179 miles W. S. W. 
Frankf'iri. li is a thriving, busy v., ihe former cap. of the co., 
with a large trade in grain and other staples, and contains 
about 500 inhabitants. 

Princeton, t. and p. o., "Washington co.. Me. : on the S. 
side of Schooilie Lake outlet, a \V. allluent of the St. Croix, 
123 m. E. N. E. Augusta. Pop. 2S0. 

Princeton, L and p. v., "Worcester county, JA/.«. ; 44 m. 
"W. by N. Boston. Drained by branches of Nashua and 
VTare rivers, which furnish mill privileges. Surface r<)Ugh 
and liilly. Wachuselt Mt. rises in the N. 3,0ii0 feet above 
the ocean, and about 2,000 above the surrounding country, 
commanding a wide view, and attracting many visitrtrs in 
the summer months; soil fertile and well tilled. A good 
grazing t., with large dairies aad numerous small manufac- 
tories. Pop. 1,313. 

Princeton, p. v., an ' cap. "U'ashington co., 3/(a'«. ; on 
the Mississippi, 74 m. N. W. Jack.son. Ii is the landing 
place and shipping port for the platitati))ns on Lake Wash- 
ington, 5 m. IC, and conUains a court-house, several ware- 
houses and 8tore.s, and 300 inhabitants. 

l*KiNCEToN, p. v., and cap. Mercer co., 3fo. : on Weldon r., 
a N. affluent of Grand r. 146 m. N. W. by X. Jefferson City. 
It contains the co. buildings a:ul several mills and stores. 
iUO 



PiiiNCETON, t. and p. !>., Mercer co., A*. J^n: 10 m. \. E. 
Trenton. The t. is situate in a bend of Stony Brook, which 
bounds it on three sides, and to the N. is ihe lioi-ky lliil 
Drained chiefly by creeks falling into the brook. Surface 
beaulifnlly divei-sifled with hill and valley, and soil of avir- 
age fertility. The b. is siiuale in the S. purt of the t.. (ni an 
elevated ridge, commanding an extensive prospect eastward, 
and is built chiefly on one long street, tlie houses being re- 
markably neat and sub^tjtntial. I^it. 4uO 2o' 41" N.. and 
long. 74^ 39' Sii'' "W. It is chiefly noti-d as the location of 
(he College <)f New Jersey, one of the oldest cnllpgi;ite e.«tab- 
lislmients in tlie I'nion, having been foundccl in 1746, at 
Eiizubethtown ; removed to Newark 1747, and to this borough 
in 1757. In 1S50 it had 12 jiruftssors and 243 students; and 
its library contained lG,0ti0 volumes; its .alumni at that date 
nundiercd 3.ii:il, of whom 557 had entered the mini.siry. 
In the Law Department there are 3 professors, and in IsriO, 
S law students. The college edifice is called Nas^-au Hail ; 
it is 175 feet long, by 50 deep, and 4 stories high ; and besides 
a cbapel, which is 40 feei square, there are otluT large 
buildings attachcl to the college, whieh contain philosftph- 
ical apparatus, the muscimi,elc. The l)uildingsare of stone. 
Tlie Theological Seminary of the Presbyterian Church is 
also located here. It was foimded in 1S12, and in 1S50 had 
5 professors and 153 student.*?. Fp to that date, 1,626 per- 
sons had received their education at the institution ; and Us 
library conUiined 11.000 volumes. The buildings of this 
institution are also neat, spacious, and convenient. Besides 
these, there are in borouLdi four churches— 2 Presbyterian, 
1 Episcopal, and 1 African; and including .«everal me- 
chanic shops, stores, a bank, academies and public schools, 
about 250 houses. The periodicals published at Princeton 
are, the '*P. Whig," issued weekly, the '• P. Magazine" 
(liter.), montldy. and the "Nassau Hall" a students' literary 
monthly. The Delaware and Karitan Canal and the Trenton 
and New Brunswick R. Ii. run along the valley of Stony 
Brook, about a mile S. of the borough. 47 m. from New York 
and 39 m. from Philadelphia. In the t. are several mills, a 
lannery. and other industrial establishments, but farming is 
Ihe gener.al occupaiion. Cedar Grove is a small .seitlement 
in the N. W. part of the t..and contains a Methodist chunh, 
etc. Pop. oft. in 1S40, 3,055. an.l in 1S.50, 3.021. Piineeton 
was the scene of one of Ihe great battles of ihe Pevolnlion, 
fought 3d January, 1777, and which resulted disastrou.'sly to 
the American arms. 

Princeton, p. v., Butler county, Ohio: S^^ m. W. S. W. 
Columbus. 

Princeton, p. o., Lawrence co., Venn. : 1S7 m. W"". N. W. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Princeton, p. v., and cap. Mercer county, Virrj. : on 
Brush cr., a branch of Blue Stone r., 1&4 m. W. liiehmond. 
It contains the co. buildings, and has several mills in its 
vicinity. 

Pbinckton, p. v., Marquette county, IFi«c. .■ on Xeenah or 
Fo.x r., 56 m. N. by E. Madison. 

pRixcEviLLE, p. v., Peoria county, III. : 7S m. N. by W. 
Springfield. 

Prince William county, Virg.: situate N. E., and eon- 
tains 306 sq. m. Drained by Occoquan r. Surface hilly; 
soil diversified, in general fertile. Chief protlucl Indian 
corn. Farms 579; maimf. 25; dwell. 99S, and pop. — 
wh. 5.0S1. fV. col. 550, si. 2,493— total 8,129. Capital: 
Brentsville. Puhlic Work^i : Alexandria and Orange 11. 11. ; 
Manassas Gap II. K. 

Prince William, p. o., Carroll county, Ind. : 2 m. S. of 
Wild Cat cr, 49 m. N. N. "W. Indianapolis. 

Principio Furnace, p. v., Cecil county, Jfd. : on 
Principio cr., 53 m. X. E. by N. Annapolis. 

Privateer, p. o., Sumter district, S. Car. : SS m. E. by S. 
Columbia. 

Proctor, p. v., Owsley co.. JCt/.: on Kentucky r., near 
the C'Mifluencc of its N. and S. forks, 74 m. S. E. by K. 
I Frankfort. 



PRO 



PRO 



Proctor, p. o., Allfgan county, Mich.: Ti m. "NY. by :?. 
Lansing. 

pRorroR, p. o., AVetzcl county, Vir{/. : 2-^4 m. N. "W. 
Ihk-linion>l. 
Proctuu's Creek, p. o., Chcaterfield co.. Virg. 
Proctor's Crossing, sta., Essex oo., Mans, : 4 m. from 
Sali-m, nil tlie Salem and Lowell \\. \l. 

Pito(rr()R9viLLE, V. and sta., St. Bernard par., L<u : 27 m. 
E. of New Orleans, on the Mexican Gulf It. R., which ter- 
minates here on the shore of Lake Borgne, and connects 
with steamers for various Gulf ports. 

PuooroRSViLLE, p. T. aiid sta., ^Vindsor eo., Venn,: on 
Ela--k r., and the Ilutlaud and Burlington K. II,, 25 m. 
N. TrV. Bfll<iw*3 l-'al!s, 61 m. 3. Monipelier. It contains a 
banic, extensive iron works, and severa"! woolen factories. 

pROMPTON, p. o., Wayne co., Peinu: on a N. branch of 
Lackawaxen r., IIS m. K". E. LParriaburg. It contains several 
mills, and 300 inhabitants. 

Puoi'HEtsTOWN, p. v., Wbitesides co.^ lih; on the left bank 
of liock r.. 133 m. N. by AN'. Sprintrfleld. 

Pi:o>PKiT. t. and p. o., New Haven c*»., Omn.: 24 m. 
S. W. llarilbrd. Surface elevated, rough, and mountainous; 
soil adai>ted to grazing, which is the chief interest. Pop. 
G74. 

Prospect, t. and p. v., "Waldo co., Mi: : on the W. side of 
P.'iiobseot r., at the head of the bay, 51i ni. K. by N. Au- 
gusta. :^urf;lce generally even; soil very jiroiiuelive. A 
fup.Tior fartning t., with great commercial advantages, and 
cxten-sively engaged in the lumber and eoastinc: trade. The 
T. on ihe r. has a brisk trade and a convenient landing. Pop. 
of t. 2.40". 

Pi:osPECT, p. 0., Oneida co., X, V. : 4S m. N. "W. by W. 
Albany. 

Prospect, t, and p. o., Marion co., Ohio : 35 m. N. N. W. 
Columbus. Drained by Scioto r., which alTords water-power. 
Surf.tce pleasantly varied. Soil very fertile, and under high 
cultivation. Pop. S4S. 

pRospKOT, p. o., Butler county, Fenn. : 1G9 m. W. N. W. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Prospect, p. o.. Giles co., Tain.: on Elk r.,ncar the Ala. 
line, 74 n». S. by "W. Nashville. 

Pr.osprcT, p. o., Burleson co., Te.r. : G? m. E. Austin City. 
PnospECT, P.O., Prince Edward co., Virg. : W m. W. S. "VV. 
P.ieliniond. 

pp.ospECT Fep.ry, p. 0., "Waldo co., 3fe. : 53 m. E. by N. 
Augusta. 

Prospect Grove, p. o., Scotland co., Mo.: 122 m. N. 
Jefferson City. 

Pr.o'^PhCT Hall, p. o., Bladen co., X. Cor.: G9 m. H. 
Eidcigh. 

Prikpect Harbor, p. v.. Uaneoek co., Mc : 51 m. E. by 
N. .■\uguf.ta. 

Prospect Hill, p. o., P.ay co., Jfo. : 121 m. N. "W. by W. 
Jefferson City. 

PnosPEcT Hill. p. o., Caswell county, K Car. : 55 m. 
N. "W. by W. Kaleigh. 

Prospect Hill, p. o., Fairfax co., Tirg. : 97 m. N. by E. 
Eichniond. 

Prospect Hill, p. o., "Waukesha co., Wise. : 54 ra. E. 
Madison. 

Prospect Mills, p. o., Lycoming county, renn. : 73 m. 
N. by W. Harrisburg. 

Prospect Flavins, sta., Mercer co., X. Jer. : 44 m. S. of 
New York, on the Camden and Amboy P. P. 

Pro-^PERiTY, p. o. and sta.. Newberry dist., -S'. Car.: on 
the (Jreenville and Columbia R. P., T m. E. of the C. H., 
and 4U m. (by route) N. "W. Columbia. 

Prosperity, p. o., Moore co., X. Car.: on the t?. side of 
Deep r.. ."Vj m. "W. by S. Kaleigh. 

Prosperity, p. o., "Washington co., Peini.: 173 m. "W. 
Harrisbnrg. 

PnoviorscE county, i?. f. Situate N.. and contains 3S0 
«q. m. Dr lined by Pawtucket, Providence or N.-irrajranaett, 



Ma,^hasuek. Wannsquiitucket, and Pawtuxet rivt-rs and iheir 
tributaries, by which good water privileges are .'*eeurid to 
the county. Surface un-ven and rough; soil generallv a 
dark gravelly loam. Its cnnimercial advanlagt-s are gre:it, 
and it has many extensive manufaclures. Fartiis •i.lt'.J; 
ni.inuf. Sii4; dwell. 12.7G0, and pop.— wh. S5.7^lT, fr. col. 
l.TSH^toial 87,525. Oipitiil : Providence. J*iih/ic Whil-s: 
Providence and "Worcester K. K. : Boston and Providence 
P. P.; Providence and Slonington P. P.; Hartford. Provi- 
dence, and Fishkill P. 11.; New York, New llaveh, and 
Boston P. P., etc. ; Blaekstone Cftn;d. 

pROViDENXK, p. v., Pickciis CO., Alu. .* I'iS ui. N. VC. by W. 
Montgomery. 

Provihence, p. o., Sumter dist., aS. Otr. : 43 ni. V.. by N. 
Columbia. 

Prutidexce. p. 0., Sumter co., Go. : 93 m. S. \V. by S 
Milledgeville. 

Providence, p. c, Carroll co., 3fi«ft. : 91 ra. N. by E 
.Ta.-ks..n. 

Providence, p. v., Enrcau co., 77/. .- Ifi4 m. N. Springfield 
Pkovideni E. p. v., Hopkins co., Ay. ; on Tide-water r.. 
IfiO ni. W. S. W. Franklort. 

Providf.ncr. t. and p. v.. Saratoga county. X. Y.: 32 in. 
N. N. W. All'any. Drained by branches of Sacandiiga r., 
which -supply numerous mill privileges. Suriace monniain- 
nua and heavily timbered ; soil elayiv loiun. a<ijipted to grass. 
There is a small v, in the S. part of the Itwu. Pop. 1,4:^^. 
pROViPEXcr:, p. o., Meckleubui-g co., X. (W/-. ; IIG ni. 
W. S. W. Ealeigh. 

pROviDr:xoE, t. and p. v., Lucas co., Ohio: on Ihe \i. 
side of Maumee r., along which the Wabash and r>n.- Ca- 
nal passes, 11.19 m. N. N. W. Columbus, Surface K vel ; soil 
sandy, and In pans marshy. Ihe v. is on the canal, 26 hl 
S. W. Toledo. Pop. of t. 4G7. 

Provide.ncf,, t, and p. o., Luzerne co., Penn. : 9S in. N. E. 
by N. Harrisburg. Drained by Laekawannock river and 
branches, which supply tine water-power. Surface even, 
being mostly a valley; soil fertile and well timbt-red. An- 
thracile coal aboumls. The Lackawanna and Westerfi P. P. 
crosses it. It contains several Souring and saw mills. 

Pkovidenor, p. c., port of entry, and cap. Pro\ideui'e co., 
and principal csipilal of the State of P. J. : at the hea<t of 
n;iviga[ii>n of Providence r., 35 m. from the ocean, in lat. 
41° 49' 22" N.. anil long. Tl^^ 24' 4^" W. by railroad, 4:i ?n. 
S. S. W. Boslon. iA\,\ isG n\. E. N. E. New Ytjrk. The area 
of the city is about 9 sq. ra., the eornpael part being tlivided 
into two nearly equal p;ir;s by the river. Ihe surface ea>t 
of the r. is hilly, and in its highest part 204 feet aljove liih- 
wiiU-T ; on the west it is more Ie\ el, the great,-.sl lieight being 
oidy 7S feel. The harbor is safe and commodious, but its 
approaeli is somewlial iniricate. 

The city is divided into 6 wards and governed by a mayor. 
G aldermen, and 24 common councihnen. These oUieers 
are chosen anmially by the people. All oilier ollieers are 
appointed by Ihe city council, consisting of the aldi-rtu^u 
ami councilors, the m.ayor presiding. Tliere is a mimieipal 
court, which is also a court of probate, within the city, and 
the city ch-rlc is also register of deeds. Its poliee is excel- 
lent, and tlie city one of the eleanesl in the Union. It is 
lighted with gas. The Are department is eflicienl, and con- 
sists of 12 engine companies. 2 hook and Ia<Ider eoinp:inies, 
15 stationary forcing engines, 22 rotary cnirines, S,u(i() t\-ot 
of hose, and is maintained at a cost of $2i>.(i(.'t) anmially. 
The materi;i! used in bui!diiig rcipiired this cfHcient force, 
and it was not vmtil several extensive confliigrations had 
occurred that ihe de]»arlmenl was placed on its present foot- 
ing. Including a balance of ol<l accounts, tiie res<iurces of 
the city treasury for the year ending 3d March, P%">1, 
amounted to $1S0..^05, aiui the exj)endilures to $1G5.()S7 ; on 
.'iccoiint of Interest $14.9^5, for5ehonl> .*in.5r)3, and forslreeis 
I $2s.999. The debt of the city at the date specified was 
^ISo.fjoS. The population of Ihe seviral wards of the city 
I in l?-in and IStH' cnipiiralivfl) were as follows: 

701 



PPvO 



PRO 



Wa,.l>. 


1?40. 


First Ward... 


... 8.919 


Second " ... 


... 3.SS3 


Third " ... 


... 3.919 


Fourth " ... 


... 8,SS3 


Fifth " ... 


... 4,106 


Sixth " ... 


... 3,963 


Total... 


...•23,172 



IS-iO. Incre«s». 

7.204 S1.3 per cent. 

. 4,5S3 35.5 " 

6,706 71.1 « 

5,359 3S.0 " 

7.399 77.7 " 

10,362 161.5 '• 



41,513 



79.1 



Population in ISIO, 10.071, and in 1S20, 11.767— increase 
16.*^ per cent.; in 1830, 16,S3:3 — increase 43.1 per cent.; in 
1S40, 23.17-2— increase 37.6 per cent.; and in 1S50, 41,513— 
increase 79.1 per cenL 

Tlie more ancient portion of the city lies on the east side 
of the river, and though conforming in the outline of its 
streets with the topography of the site, and by no means 
distingviished for regularity, it contains many fine stores, 
warelinuses, public buildings, and handsome residences. 
Back from tlie r. the streets become more regular, and many 
of the dwellings in this part are costly and elegant, delight- 
fully situated as regards the view of the harbor and vicinity. 
Tlie buildings of Brown University crown ihe ascent. The 
wcj^t part of the city is laid out with more regularity, and is 
more modern in appearance. The Providence Arcade, in 
this part, is one of the largest and most important buildings 
in the city; it extends from Broad to Westminster streets, 
and is 226 feet long, SO feet deep, and 72 feet high. The 
building is of granite, and adorned with Gra;co-Doric porti- 
coes and columns, the columnar shafts being single blocks 
22 feet long. Ihe lower floor is occupictl chiefly by dry 
goods stores, and the upper stories by oflicea and dealers in 
light fancy goods. The Museum buildings and Howard 
Hall, on Westminster Street, are also fine buildincrs, and 
"What Cheer" building, at the junction of North and South 
Main streets, is a handsome freestone edifice, occupied by 
offices, etc. 

Among the public buildings are, the State ITouse, various 
charities, the State Prison, the Athena:'um, the Keform 
School, 25 or 30 churches and meeting-houses, and (he pub- 
lic schools. Most of these are substantial, and many of them 
costly edifices, distinguishing alike the taste displayed by the 
architect and the munificence of the citizens in their support. 
Brown University, founded at Warren, in 1764. and re- 
moved to Providence, 1770, is situated on the highest part 
of the city, and consists of several halls, etc.. furnishing ele- 
gant and ample accommodations. University Hall and 
Hope College are large edifices for the lodging of students ; 
Manning Hall contains the libraries, now counting 32.000 
volumes, and Rhode Island Hall, the cabinet, chemical and 
philosophical apparatus, and lecture rooms. To the usual 
collegiate department has been added an English and sci- 
entific school for the benefit of such as do not intend entering 
thelearned professions. The faculty of the university consists 
of a president and 10 professors, and in ISoO there were 195 
Btudenle, and to that date the alumni numbered 1,765, of 
•whom 460 had entered the ministry. 

The Athenreum is located on ihe comer of College and 
Benefit stre^-ts, and has a library of 12,000 volumes. It is a 
spacious and elegant stone stnicture. erected in 1S37, built 
on a lot given by Ihe late Hon. N. Brown, and the heirs of 
Mr. P. Ives, who also gave large sums toward the building 
and library. The annual subscription is $5, which admits 
members to the library and reading room. 

The New England Teariy Meeting Boarding School, the 
object of which is to afl'ord a " guarded" education to chil- 
dren, occupies a lot of 43 acres, given for the purpose by 
the late Moses Brown. The main buildings consist of a 
centre 54 feet square and 3 stories high, and two wings S4 
by 42 feet, and 2 stories high; and there is another 2 story 
building. 50 by 40 feet, which together accommodate about 
80 sehoiiirs. Board and tuition, $60 a year. The late Oba- 
diah Brown bequeathed $100,000 toward the endowment of 
tliis institution. 
703 



The public schools supported by the city are 46 in num- 
ber, of which 22 are primary. 10 intermediate, 7 grammar, 
and the High School. In these Iht-re were, in IS50, 105 
teachers and 6,000 scholars; and the cost to the city, $40,553. 
Besides these, there are upward of 30 Sunday schools, with 
500 teachers, and between 5,000 and 6,000 scholars. 

The newspapers published in Providence are 9 in 
number— 3 daily, 2 semi-weekly, and 4 weekly. The "P. 
Journal"' (whig), issued daily, semi-weekly, and weekly 
editions; the "P. Post" (dem.) daily and weekly; tJio 
"Moniing Mirror" (misc.), a daily; the **Kepublican Her- 
ald" (dem.), semi-weekly and weekly, and the "Diadem," 
a weekly edition. 

The most splendid and costly of the church edifices are, 
the First Congregafional church, of granite ; St. John's, a 
stone building; Grace,aGolhicslrueture; Westminster Con- 
gregational, the Beneficent Congregational, St. Peter's, and 
St. Patrick's. The First Baptist church, the oldest society 
in the city, is a clean wooden building. The other churches 
are in general neat, bat not so costly. The colored inhabit- 
ants have five churches. In the whole city there are up- 
ward of 30 congregations, including all the priucipal denom- 
inations. 

Dexter Asylum, on a ridge east of the river, is an institu- 
tion erected on land given to the city by the late Eb. K. 
Dexter, for the accommodation of the poor. The premises 
cover 40 acres, and are surrounded by a stone wall 10 feet 
high and 3 feet thick at the base, which cost $22,000. The 
Asylum is a plain and substantial brick building, 170 feel 
long, consisting of a centre building 3 stories high, and two 
wings, each 2 st-tries high. 

The Butler Hospital for the Insane is located on Seekonic 
river. It was founded on a legacy of the late M. Brown, 
amounting to $3'),0n0. and received its present name from 
the l.ate C. Butler, who gave $40,000 toward its endowment. 
It was incorporated in 1S44. and, until recently, was known 
as the Rhode Island Hospilal for the Insane. On the Slst 
Dec, 1550, there were 113 patients in the hospital ; the ad- 
mittances during the next year were 6S, and the discharges 
54, of whieh 26 were recovered, and S improved, and 16 died. 
Receipts $24,252, and expenses $21,017. The minimum 
price of board is $2 25 a week. The State appropriates 
$1,000 annually to enable the governors to aid the poor in- 
sane, and also pays a portion of the expenses of such poor 
insane persons as the towns may choose to send to the hos- 
pital. The aggregate endowment of the hospital amounts 
to $135,000. Tlic grounds belonging to the institution con- 
sist of 115 acres, of which 55 are woodland and 60 under 
cultivation. The building stands on the W. bank of the 
river, which here expands to a mile in width, and admits of 
an extensive and delightful prospect. Patients were first 
admitted on the 1st December, 1S47. 

The State Prison is located here. On the 1st October, 
1S50, there were in confinement 37 convicts, and 24 had 
been committed, and 14 had been discharge-l during the 
ensuing year. The number of persi>ns in Providence jail, 
at the suit of the State, on the 1st October. 1851, was 57 ; at 
Iho suit of the city, 11, and 4 debtors. During the year past, 
503 had been committed, of whom 452 were males and 51 
fem.ales: whiles 473, and colored -30; natives 2-)3, ami for- 
eigners 210; and besides these, 177 persons had been com- 
mitted to the house of correction. The convieU* in theStato 
Prison are principally employed in shoe-makinir. and those 
in the Providence county jail at cahini.-t-work. The Ileform 
School was established in 1S5D. The buildings were formerly 
known as the Ti>ckwotion House, a hotel, pleasantly situate 
on high ground, in the S. E. part of the city, overlooking the 
bay, and large enoui;h to accommodate ISO to 2 )0 iimiates. 
It was founded for Ihe instruction and rt-formation of juve- 
nile offenders between the ages of S anil IS years. Tlie first 
year of its occupancy, ending 31st October, 1851, it received 
52 convicts — 10 boys and 3 giris, and there remained in the 
institution at that date 45, of whom 24 had been committed 



PRO 



PUB 



fnr thffl, 6 for nssault. 4 for vagrancy, and 11 f.>r Iru.-incy ; 
42 were bom in tht^ United St^tt-s, iind of Huso SI in Klmde 
Island. Of each day, except Sunday, 7^ liours are devoted 
to labor, 5 to school exercises, 3} to meals ami recreation, 1 
to religious exercises, and 8 to sleep. The labor has been 
employed in making: such articles as are needed in Ihe in- 
stitution and in housework-. An arran!?c-ment has been 
made by the Stale, by which all juvenile deliaqucnls may 
be sent to tins school. 

The manufactures of Providence are valuable, and con- 
stantly increasing. Its water-power is fully occupied, and 
steam-power, averaging 50 or GO engines of 200 to 3i)0 horse- 
power, is also employed. On the Pawlucket, and other 
streams, are extensive factories of cotton and woolen goods, 
machine-shops, dyeing and print works, and withiu the 
city are various establislnnenls of similar character. The 
sawing and polishing marble, sawing ami planing timber, 
and grinding grain, form extensive occupati"ns; and a 
large capital is invested in the manufacture of irou of all 
kin<l3, machinery, screws, nails, furniture, small wares, shoes 
anil boots, carriages, jewelry, and an extensive variety of 
other and no less valuable commodities. The total capital 
employed in this branch of industry is not much under 
$6,000,000. In 1S40 Ihe capital was only $8.0I2.5SS. 

Providence, however, is more a commercial than a 
manufacturing city, and commerce has been the main pur- 
suit from Ihe earliest periods. Before the last war wilh 
England, it was successfully engaged in the East India 
trade, but since this period this and foreign commerce has 
gradually declitied. In the year ending 30th June, ISoO, 
only 5:) vessels (S.457 tons) cleared for foreign ports, and the 
arrivals were only 69 (11.7S6 tons). The coasting trade is 
still carried on to a considerable, and perhaps an increasing 
extent. The -aggregate tonnage owned in the district in 
1S50 was li5,7I2 tons, of which !),177 tons were registered, 
7.'29S enrolled and licensed, and 237 tons licensed (under 20 
tons). Of the regislered shipping, 409 tons were employed 
in whaling, and the proporlion of the licensed and enrolled 
shipjiing was — in the coasting trade 7.202 tons, in the cod 
fishery 26 tons, and in the mackerel fishery 69 tons; aod '\J 
tons were navigated by steam. Of the licensed shipping 96 
tons were employed in the coasting trade, and 141 tons i;i 
the cod fishery. The shij)ping built during the year con- 
eisled of 1 ship, 1 schooner, 3 sloops, and 1 steamer — total 6 
ships, of an aggregate burden of 1.2£)9 tons. The products 
of the whale fishery brought into port in 1S49. was — sperm 
oil 2,317 barrels, whale oil 4,542 barrels, and whalebouc 
30.200 pounds. 

Frovidi-nce, according to the Peport of the Secretary of 
State, on Ihe ^^ih September. IS.'iO, had 26 hanks and one 
savings institution. The condilion of the I anks at that date 
was as Ui\]o\\'?—littfiilitie\ capital stock, $9 51^,S10 ; bills in 
circulation. $],S31.339: deposits on interest, $1,59,497 ; deposits 
not on interest, -f 1,133 590 ; debts due other hanks, $'^3l.70s ; 
dividends unpaid, $21,409 ; and net profits on han<l. $592.709 ; 
and assft'i: debts due from directors. .t261,914 : from stock- 
holders, $303,318; and others, $12,031,937; specie actually 
in bank. $177,078; bills of other banks, $.^2.5.464; deposits 
in other banks. $42S.464; slock of bank. $1,4'U; and of 
other li.auks. etc., $36,",')6; real estate. $1S4.S67; and other 
property. $6.309— total $14,000,193. The average semi-an- 
nual dividend amounts to 3 11-16. 

The retail trade of the eity is extensive, and one of the 
main features in its economy. Stores of ever>' description, 
exhibiting goods of the richest descriptions, are numerous, 
and in the provisien trade, both wholesale and retail, a 
large business is done. Manyof the stores are equid to those 
of New York, Phila-lelphia, and Boston, in the splendor of 
their assortments and the costly eljle in which they are fur- 
nishcil. The great bulk of the foreign goods sold lure arc 
brought from Ijoston and New York, with which places 
there is ample nu-aiis of rapid commimicatitm by railro;id 
and steamboat; and ihc communication wiih the interior. 



])>Ah for passengers and freight, is varied and commodious. 
Sieaiul)oata run regularly to Warren, Bristol. Porismonth, 
Newport, Fall Kiver, and New York. The railroads di- 
verging from Providence arc the Boston and I'rovidence 
P. P., the Stonington P. P., and the Provi<lence and Wor- 
cester P. P., and others have been chartered to Bristol and 
Hartford to connect with the through lines. These railroads 
connect so as not to re(piire change of cars in passing from 
one to the olher. The station buildings are extensive, and 
near the centre of the business jtortion of the city. They 
are situated on three sides of a beautiful sheet of water of 
elliptical form, which constitutes the head of Providence r. ; 
and between this and the railroad buildings is a beautiful 
promenade, SO feet wide, which is well laid out in gravel 
walks and grassed plols, and ornamente-i with shade trees. 
The water is imdosed by a substantial stone wall and iron 
railing, with bridges to cross the small rivers flowing into 
it, and also its outlet. Telegraph wires are extended from 
Ibis eity, and afford immediate communication with the 
whole Uni()n. ' 

Pntvidenee was founded by Poger Williams in 1637. The 
first landing-place, on crossing the Seekonk, he called 
" What Cheer," because the patriarch of Ihe settlement was 
saluted by the Indians wilh " what cheer." on his approach. 
The origin of the name of the city, Mr. Williams exi)lains in 
a deed executed by him: '• having a sense of God's mer- 
ciful providence unto me in niy duties. I called the place 
Pi-ovklencc.'*'' The first house was buiU on what is now 
North Main Street ; and near Ihis spot it is supposed that 
Mr. Williams was buried, aIthoui;h the site of his grave is 
not ascertained. In 1610 a town government was estab- 
lished, and in 1649 it was incorporalcil. lu 1S32 it was 
cliartered as a cily. 

Pp.oviDENCK, p. 0., Halifax CO., Virg.: 92 m. S. W. by W. 
Richmond. 

PnoviPKscK river, U. I. : an arm of Narraganselt bay, 
extending from the city of Providence to field's Point, 
about 3 ra., or to Bullock's Point, 5 m. On Ihe N., below 
Providence, it receives Seekonk or Pawtucket tlil.-ickstune 
in MassachuSklls) river; and above tlie cily another stream 
or expanse of water into which fall Wanasquialueket and 
Mo^hasick rivers. It is nstvigable for large ships to Provi- 
dence, and forms a safe harbor. 

pRovmEXCE Hill, p. o., Tjler co., T'J-. ; 219 m. E. by N. 
Austin City. 

PnoviNTETowx, t. and p. v., Barnstable co., Mass.: on 
the extreme N. W. point of Cape Cod. 4.S m. E. S. E. Boston. 
The .surface consists of beaches and sandy hills, with swamps 
and shallow ponds interspersed. C;ipc Cod liarbor, wiihin 
the curve of tlic cape, is easy of access, spacious and safe, 
wilh a sufficient depth of water for the largest ships. The 
V. lies along the beach for 2 m., and is inhabited chiefly by 
fishernnii. Sidt is extensively mamifaetiired,and the water 
is raised into vatsf<jr evaporation by windmills. Pop. 3,153, 
Pitoviso. p. o.. Cook CO., IlL : 173 m N. E. by N. Springfield. 
Piiovo City, v., Utah co., CUik Ter. : on the E. side of 
Utah lake, about ^Q ni. N. I)y E. Fillmore City. It is a new 
Mormon city, laid out in 1S52, 

PiurnnxcE island, R. I. : a small island in Narraganselt 
bay, and belonging to the co. of Newpt»rl. 
PniiNE Hill, p. o., Montgomery co,, Al<i, 
Pkunty's, p. o., Patrick county, Virg.: 162 m. W. S. W. 
Piclimond. 

PitiTNTYTowx. p. v., and cap. Taylor co., Virg. : on the 
E. branch of Monongahela r., 1S4 m. N. W. Piehmond. It 
ronlains ihe county buildings, several stores, and 300 inh.ab- 
itants. The Baltimore and Ohio P. I!, passes about 4 m. N. 
of it, from which Ihe North Western P. U. will diverge and 
pass Ihroiiiih it. 

Pnvoit's Vale, p. o., .Amherst co., Mrg. : at the E. baso 
of the Plue Pidge, ^^ m. W. Piehmond. 

Prni.n- Squaki:, p. v., Greene co., b'a. : 43 m. N. N. E. 
Milledgcvillc. 

703 



pre 



PucKETAS, p. o., Westmoreland CO., Penti.: 124 m. W. 
Ilnrrisburg. 

Eui'iiLi p. o., Woslmorcland co., Penn. 

p'uF.m.A, p. II.. Brown co., O'lin : T9 m. S. S. W. Cnlnmbus. 

ruEixo rivir, !f. Mex. : risc-s in the Sii-rra Maiire, in lal. 
80° N., niui flows S. by E. neariy parallel wilh llie Del 
Norte, into wl.ich it falls opposite the village of C'ib.iletla, 
ami 12 m. N. of Socorro, after a cour.se of ]2il m. Its main 
trihnlary is Ihe San Jos6, a stream rising near the Zuui Pass 
of Ihe Sierra. . 

PiiGBi-s sound. Wmhingtm Ter. : a large sound m the 
N. W. part of the old Oregon Territory, being the S. part 
of Admiralty Inlet, and commanicolii\g with the Paeitle 
Ocean by the strails of De Fuca. It receives several small 
rivers, alul is full of islamls. Olynipia is the principal port 
on its waters, and there are numerous new settlements along 
lis shores. 

PuGii-3 Dill, p. 0., Franklin co., X Car. : 87 m. N. N. E. 

Ealeigh. , ^ r 

PiGUTowN, p. v., Chester co., Peiiii. : on a branch of 
French cr.. 63 m. E. by S. Harrisburg. 

PcTGSLEv's Depot, p. o. and sta., Tompkins m.^K Y: on 
the Cayuga and Susquehanna P.. E., I'J m. N. of Owego, 
131 m. W. by S. Albany. 

Pulaski county. Ark. Situate cenlrally. and contains 
1 151 sq. m. Drained by Arkansas r., whi.h runs centrally 
through it, and by its several branches. Surface diversified ; 
sod in general fertile, and is well adapted to grain and grass. 
There is a quantity of good timber on th/j land. Farms 
306 ; manuf. U : dwell. SOS, and pop.-wh. im, fr. col. 
13, si. 1,119— total 6,65S. Ctipitid: Little Uoek. PiMic 
Worku: several proposed railroads from the Mississippi. 

Pulaski county, Ga. Situate S. centrally, and contains 
75S .sq. in. Oemulgee r. runs through it in a nearly central 
direeUon, bv which and its tributaries it is drained. Surface 
hilly ; soil fertile, and is best adapted to cotton— wheat and 
Indian corn are produced, and the hilly portions make good 
pasturage for cattle, sheep, hogs, etc., which are annually 
e.vported. Pine timber abounds. Farms 871 ; manuf. 2 ; 
dwell. 701, and pop.-wh. 8,7*1, fr. col. 89, si. 2,S04-tolal 
6 027. Ciipital: Hawkinsville. 

PuLASKt county. III. Situate S., and contains 162 sq. m. 
Drained bv a tributtiry of the Ohio, which forms its S. E. 
boundary. ' Surface generally level, excepting ihe blulTs on 
the Ohio shore: soil fertile. Pine timber is found on the 
land. Farms 206 ; manuf. IS; dwell. 41S, and pop.-wh. 
2,257, fr. col. S— total 2,265. Capital: North Caledonia. 
PMia Works: Illinois Central E. U. 

PuLASEi county, ln<l. Situate toward the N. W., and 
contains 4=52 sq. m. Drained by Tippecanoe r. and its 
branches. Surface varied— for the most pari it is level, but 
through the county there arc occasional ridges of low hills— 
a large portion is prairie and thickly covered with limber ; 
soil moderately fertile- the wet prairies when drained m.ike 
good pasture." Chief productions, Indian corn, wheat, and 
potatoes. Fruit of different kinds is i,ro.|ueed. Farms 2S6 ; 
manuf. ; dwell. 454, and pop.-wh. 2,6U5, fr. col. 0— total 
2 60.^ Capital: "Kinam&c. 

PtjLASKi county, Si/- Situate S. E., and contains 1,120 
sq m. Drained by numerous branches of CumberKand r., 
whi( li passes through its cenlre. Surface in some parts hilly, 
but generally even ; soil fertile and adapted to grazing. It 
produces wheat, oats, and Indian corn, which form the 
Btaides of the county. Farms 1,52S; manuf. 11; dwell. 
2,263, and pop.-wh. 12,861, fr. col. 27, si. 1,307-total 14,195. 
Capital: Somerset 

Pulaski counlv, ito. Situate S. cenlrally, and contains 
1 061 sq m. Drained by Gasconade r. an.l ils branches, 
and tributaries of Osage r. Surface broken and hilly : soil 
in .General fertile, and adapted to corn and tobacco. I ruits 
of all kinds are grown extensively. Numbers of cattle, 
sheep, and swine :u-e fed on the hills, where tliey And good 
grazing. It abounds in roineriUs, principally iron and lead. 
704 



PUN 

Farms 471 ; inanuf. 8 ; dwell. 6.30, and pop._wh. 3,SS5, fr. 
col. 11, si. 113— total 3.99S. Capital: llaynesville. 

PiLABKi county, Yiry. Situate toward the S. W., and 
contains 3C3 eq. m. Drained by New r.. which passes 
through Ihe S. porlion of the county. Surface hilly and 
hr.)ken, in some parts mountainous; soil fertile. Chief 
product, Indian corn. It lias some fine grazing land. 
Farms 801 ; manuf. 19 ; dwell. 685, and pop— wli. 3,613, fr. 
cnl. 84, si. 1.471— total .5,118. Capital: Newbern. Piillia 
Warks : Virginia and Tennessee P.. E., and Junction Branch 
to Covington and Ohio E. E. 

Pulaski, p. v., Hancock county. III.: 73 m. W. N. TV. 
Springfield. 

Pulaski, t. .and p. o., .Jackson co., Mich. : 46 m. S. by W. 
Lansing. Drained by S. branch of the Kalamazoo, into 
which flow several small ponds. Surface generally undu- 
lating, and fine wheat land. Pop. 760. 

Pulaski, p. v., Panola CO., Tex.: on the Sabine, 252 m. 
N. E. by E. Austin City. 
Pulaski, p. o.. Scott co., J/iss. ; 37 m. E. Jackson. 
Pulaski, t. and p. o., "Williams CO., Oliin : 12S m. N. W. 
Columbus. Drained by Lick er. and other W. branches of 
Tiftins r., which afford good mill-sites. Surface diversified ; 
soil of moderate fertility. Pop. 760. 

Pulaski, p. v., Lawrence Co., Perm.: on Shenango cr. 
and the Beaver and Erie Canal, 192 m.W. N.W.Ilarrisburg. 
Pulaski, p. v., and alternate cap. Oswego CO., JV. Y.: on 
Salmon r.,4 m. from Lake Ontario, and lOS m. W. by N. 
Alliany. It has considerable water-power, and contains a 
court-house, jail, numerous manufactures, and about 1,000 
inhabitants. The Watertown and Eome E. E. passes within 
4 m. E. of the village. The river, which has a good har- 
bor at its mouth, is navig.able for small craft 14 in. to Orivell. 
The "Eicbland Courier" and the "Northern Democrat" 
are published here weekly. 

Pulaski, p. v., and cap. Giles CO., Tmn.: on Eichland 
cr., a N. branch of Elk r., 04 m. S. by W. NasliTille. It has 
a heavy trade in com, cotton, and tobacco, the staples of the 
rich district around it, and contains a court-house, academy, 
bank, 20 stores, and 1,200 inhabitants. The ■' Western Star" 
(whig) is published weekly. 

PuLABKiviLij;. p. v.. Morrow co.. Ohio: 7 m. E. S. E. 
Mount Gilead, and 46 ra. N. N. E. Columbus. 

PuLTXET, t. and p. o., Steuben co., 2^. Y. : on the W. side 
of Crooked lake, 173 ra. W. Albany. Surface level, with 
an inclinalion to the lake ; soil clay and calcareous loam, 
adapte<l to grain and gr.ass. A farming .own. Pop. 1,S15. 
PuLTNEvvii.LE, p. v., Waync CO., jV. 1'. : on the S. shore 
of Lake Ontario, 173 m. W. N. W. Albany. It has some 
lake trade, and contains a steamboat landing, several ware- 
houses and stores, and 500 inhabitants. 

Pulvek's Couneks, p. o., Duchess county, 3' Y. : 49 in. 
S. by E. Albany. 

PuMi'Kix, p. o., Southampton co., Mrg. : 04 m. S. S. E. 
Eicbmond. 

Pumpkin Pile, p. o., Paulding CO., Ga. : 123 m.W. N.W. 
Milledgcville. 

PuMPKiKTOws, p. v., Pickens district, S. Car. : 122 m. 
N. W. by W. Columbia. 

PU.MPKINTOWN, p. v., Eaudolph CO., Ga. : 132 m. S. W. 
Milledgcville. 

Pumpkin Vine, p. o., Paulding CO., Ga. : on a S. branch 
of Etowah r. so called, 119 m. N. W. by W. Milledgcville. 

Puncheon, p. o., Allen county, Ky.: IIS m. S. S. W. 
Frankfort. 

PuNoo Creek, p. c, Beaufort county, ii'I Car.: 104 m. 
E. by S. Ealeigh. 

PuNGOiEAotTB, p. v., Accomac CO., Tirp. : on the Eastern 
Shore, 92 m. E. by N. Eicbmond. It contains 2 churches, 
a store, mill, and 200 inbabitants. 

PuNTA LoMA, Calif. : at the mouth of San Diego bay, in 
lat. 32° 29' 31" N., and long. 117° 15' 07" W. The initial 
point of the line between Mexico and the United Slates 



PUN 



PYR 



commences 3 m. S. of this on the Paoiflc Ocr:in. A monu- 
ment dernarks the piiint. 

PirNXUTAWKET, p. V., Jefferson co., Penn. : on Mahoning 
creek. US m. W. N. W. Harrisburg. 

PrurBLi^sviLLB, p. 0., Loudon co., Virg. : lOG ra.N. by Vf. 
EichmoQiI. 

Pl'bdt. p. v.. nnd cap. M'Nairy co., TIh??. : at the head 
of abraneh of llutchce r.. lU m. S. W. by W. Nashville. It 
contains the county buil'lings.an academy, ami several stores. 

Pup.DV Creek, p. o., Steuben co., 2>'. Y. : 19G ra. W. by S. 
Albany. 

PiT.DY's .Station, p. o., "Westchester en.. K, Y. : on the 
E. side of Cruion r., and on the line of the Harlem 11. U., 
lOG m. from Albany. 

Pintvis, p. v., Sullivan co.. X. Y. : fi'^ m. S. W. Albany. 

PrsKVVtl.i.T;. p. v., Lancaster en., f'enn. 

Pr^HAw lake. Penobscot co.. Me. : a small Inke. S m. Inne; 
and a mile witie, connectinsr in the N. with Dead stream, 
ami Iiavtns iLs outlet throush Pushaw r., which falla into 

the Pennbscot. opposite (>ld Town. 

PrsTiMATAHA, p. o., Choclaw CO., Ahi. : IIS m. "W. by S. 
MonlfljMiiiery. 

Pi'TKAM county, J^/or. Situate toward the X. E.. and 
contains 43T f?q. m. Drained by branches of St. Jolni's r., 
which bounds it on the E., ami of Oclawaha river, which 
bounds it on the S. Surface risincr, or .sliirhlly nnduhitine;; 
soil fertile and hip:hly prodiicfive. Staples, rice, cotton, 
fi-uils, veiietablt's, Indian corn, wheat, etc. Farms 2'i; 
manuf. — ; dvvtil. Ids, and pop.— wh. 4";J, fr. ool. 10, hI. 2Li4 
— toral 6*7. CopiUtl: Pilatka. 

Pi'TNAM county, Ga, Situate N. centrally, ami contains 
273 sq. m. Drained by brandies o( Oconee r., wliich forms 
its W. boundiiry. Surface evm ; soil a fine deep mobI,and 
Tery fertile, and produces abundantly corn, wheat, and cot- 
ton, which last is the chief prnducticm. Timber is found of 
good quality. Farms 351 ; manuf. 32 ; dwell. GOO, and pop. 
— wh. 3.30O, fr. col. 26. si. 7.46.S— total 10,794. CapUat: 
Eatnnton. Pni'Iic Workn: Eatonton K. R. 

Putnam county, PL Situate N. centrally, and conhiins 
2GS sq. m. Illinois river passes through it.s W. portion, and 
forms its X. boundary, by which and its branches it is 
drained. Surface uneven and diversified ; a large portion 
is prairie; soil fertile and very productive. It is well tim- 
bered, and has much fine grazing land. Farms 317 ; manuf. 
26; dwell. (>i6, ami pop.— wh. 8,920, fr. col. 4— total 3.924. 
Ciijntal: Hennepin. 

PuTSAM county. Tnd. Situate "W. centrally, and con- 
tains 48S stj. m. Drained by Deer and l»ig Ilaccoon creeks, 
and Walnut fork of Kel river. Surface varied — in general 
umlulating or rolling, but aloni: the streams the land is hilly 
and broken; soil fertile, and adajile*! to wheat, grain, etc., 
the hilly portions making fine pasture for cattle. Chief 
produclions, wheat, Indian corn, tobacco, ancl sugar. It 
lias some good timber and fine quarries of linn-stone. Farms 
1,G9G; manuf. 42; dwell. 3,<iS-^, and pop.— wh. lS,r)Sl, fr. cul. 
34— lota! ls,61o. (\ipihtl: C.reeiicastle. 

Putnam county, J/o. Situate X., on the border of the 
State, and contains 317 sq. m. Drained by head branches 
of Chariton r. Surface rolling ; soil f,.rlile, and easy of cul- 
tivation, and produces corn, fruits, tobacco, etc.. in lar:;e 
quanlilifs. It has some fine tim!)er land, and may in gen- 
eral be said to be productive. It contains som^ good beds 
of coal. Farms 202; mamif. 0; dwell. 2t)5. and pop.— wh. 
],03S. fr. col. 0, si. 19— total l,fi57. Ca/>ittd: Pulnamville. 

Putnam county, y. }*, Situate S. K., and contains 2IG 
sq. m. Dniint-d by head branches of Croton r., Peekskill, 
and other small streams. Surface mountainous, making 
goixl gnizitig land. 'J'he Highland range extends across 
the N. W. portion, and tlie Taghkanic, in the K.,from N. t*^ 
B. ; soil various — in the K. part, with cultivation, it is prn- 
dueiive. and yields good crops of wheat, grain, etc., which 
are its chief prn<lucts. It has some extensive be<ls of inui 
ore and plumbago, with many other minerals, and granite 

R4 



and limestone are found. The West Point Foundry, the 
largest in the States, is in this county. Farms O-^!*: manuf. 
SO; dwell. 2.4-::r). and pop.— wh. U,00S. fr. col. 13(1- total 
14.i;^.8. Ciipitfit: Carmel. Public Wori\s: Hudson Eiver 
i;. R. ; Harlem P. P. 

PfTNAM county, 0/;/o. Situate toward the X. W., and 
contains 4SG sq. rn. Draiufd by Auglaize r. and its afflu- 
ents. Surface uneven, and in parts somewhat elevated; 
soil a deep rnolii, with clay intermixed, and productive. 
Staples, whi-at and Indian corn. Pine and other limber 
abounds. Farms Gii3 ; mamif. 11 ; dwell. 1.24G. and pi>p.— 
wh. 7,210, fr. col. 1 1 ~toi;U 7,221. C'lpital : Kali.la. Public 
Work.-i: Miami Canal. 

Putnam county, Virg. Erected in 1S4S out of Knnawlia, 
Cabell, and Mn.snn. Silualo W., and contains 313 sq. m. 
Drained by Great Kmuiwha river and its tributaries. 
Surface hilly and broken; soil various, but in genera! fer- 
tile. Chief products, wheat and Imlian corn, \viih pork, 
etc. It contains bituminous coal. Farms 4oo; manuf. 21 ; 
dwell. 7SS, anl pop.— wh. 4.G93. fr. col. 10, si. G32— total 
.'),335. CopiUil: Putnam. PiiU/'r Wor/cs: Maysville and 
lliff Sandy i;. K. ; Covington and Dhio li. II. ; James Piver 
and Kanawha Canal, etc. 

PcTXAM, t., and p. o., 'Washington en,, Js'. Y. : on the 
neck of land between lakes Georiie and Champlain, 69 m. 
X. Albany. Surface traversed by the Palmer>town range of 
mountains, some peaks of which are 1.500 feet high. There 
is little land fit for cultivation. Pop. To3. Old Fort Ticon- 
deroga occupies the X. extremity of the peninsula. 

Pt:TNAM, p. v., Muskingum co., Oliio: on the "W. bank 
of Scioto r., at the mouth of Licking r.. 50 m. E. Columbus. 
Zanesville is on the opposite sicle of Ih*' river, with which a 
handsome bridge connects it. It has great facilities for man- 
ufactures, various branches of which are extensively pros- 
ecuted, and contains a bank, an academy, a female seminary, 
and 1,674 inhabitants. The Cincinnati, Wilmington, and 
Zanesville U. E. passes through it. 

Putnam Valley, t., Putnam en., X. Y. r Cn m. S. by E. 
Alb;iny. Drained by Peekskill and several other streams, 
and studded with many snuiU lakes. Surface traversed by 
the Highlands, an<i a broad an<l fertile valley lying between 
(heir ridges. Iron ore is abundant, and there are several 
furnaces, etc., with grist, saw, and other mills. Pupula- 
liiHi l.fi2G. 

I'utnamvilt.e, p. v., Putnam co,, Tnd. : on Deep cr., and 
the Xew Albany and Salem R. R., 33 m-W. by S. Indisir.ap- 
olia. It contains several mills ami a population of about 500. 

I'uTNAMVii.LE, p. V., and cap, Putnam co., J/(\ ; 136 in. 
X. by Vi\ .lefferson City. 

Putney, t. and p. v., Windham co., T>?vn. .• on Connecticut 
river, 92 m. S. by E. Monipelier. Surface varied ; un the 
streams arc extensive meadows — back of Ihem it is rugged 
and broken; soil fertile; on the hills good pasturage. Sack- 
elfs brook f:dls "5 feet in quarter of a mile, alfordiug supe- 
rior power, and moving several woolen, p;q"T, wondvU- 
ware, and other factories. Serpentine is abundant. The 
Vermont Valley K. R. crosses the E. part. 1'. station is 9 m. 
X. of P>rattleboro\ Pop. of t. 1.425. 

Putneyville, p. v., Armstrong co., Penn. : l-U'. in. W. l>y X. 
Harrisliurg. 

Pylksville, p. v., Harford county. 3fr/. : 7 m. ^\'. of the 
Susquehanna. 49 m. X. by E. Annapolis. It is built of 
atone, and contains a flouring-mill and severnl stores. lu 
Ihe vicinity are quarries of asbestos and slate. 

Pyramid lake. Utah Tf/\: on Ihe Sierra Xcvada, 4,S90 
feet elevation above the sea level. It was discov.-r.-d by 
Fremont in 1^44, and is 35 in. long. The pyramid, a little 
E. of its middle, ntore like the work of man than a natural 
elevation, mca-*^ure9 600 feel above the surface of llu' water, 
Lat. 40'^ N., and long. 119^^ 50' W. It receives the waters 
of Mud lake from Ihe X., and of Salmou-troul r. from tlie 
S.. but has n() outl-rL 

Pyramid Cii:ci,e, Oreg. Ter.: on the overland route to 

7tj5 



PYR 

California, at Iho junction of the Great Salt Lake and Culi- 
fornia niaiis, 1,'20S m. from Council Bluffs. It is 5 m. long, 
and about 3 m. wide, level williin the walls around, and 
studded throughout with numerous tall while and green 
stones, from (50 to 150 feet high, and from 10 (o *20 feet in 
diameter at the foot, some of them running almost to a point 
at the top. It is surrounded by mountains which are cov- 
ered with pine and cedar trees, and is ultogether a beautiful 
and pieluresque scene. Upon these stones are written, 
painted, and engraved, the names of many visitors, with the 
dates. This circle is entirely .surrounded by mountains, ex- 
cept an iidet at the east end of about 5() yari.ls, and an out- 
let at the west end of about 20 yards wide. 

Pyrmont, p. 0., Montgomery co., Ohio : GS m. "W. by S. 
Columbus. 



Q. 



Quaker Eotto?j, p. o., Lawrence co., Ohio : 97 m. S. by E. 
Columbus. 

Quaker Hill, p. o., Duchess co., K T. : 76 ra. S. by E. 
Albany. 

Quaker Speixos, p. v., Saratoga co., i^ Y.: about 1 m. 
"W. of Hudson r. and 37 m. N. by E.Albany. 

Quaker Sprlv gs, v., Columbia co., Ga. : 71 m. E. N. E. 
Milledgeville, This settlement was formed in 17.^0 by a 
party of Friends, who, alarmed at the murdera by the 
Cherokees. fled here for refuge. 

Quaker Street, p. o., Schenectady county, X. Y. : 25 m. 
"W. by N. Albany. 

Quakertown, p. v., Hunterdon county, y. Jer, : 47 m. 
N. by W. Trenton. It contains a Friends' meeting-house, 3 
stores, and 20 or 25 dwellings. Sometimes called Fairview. 

Quakertown, p, v., Bucks en., Venn. : 79 m. E. by N. 
Uarrisburg. It is neatly built on a single street, and C(»n- 
tains a Friends' meeting-house, and about 300 inhabitanls. 

Quallatown, p. v., Haywood county, N, Cai\: 2S3 m. 
"W. by S. Raleigh. 

Quantico, p. o., Somerset co., Md. : on a cr. so called, 
58 m. S. E. Annapolis. 

QuANTuoK bay, Suffolk co., K. Y. : at the E. extremity 
of Great South bay, and separated from Shinnecock bay by 
Quogue neck, 

QuAKRYviLLE, p. V., Lancaster co., Penn. 
^ QuAERTVTLLE, p. V., ToUaud CO., Co7in, 

Qtjasqueto.v, p. v., Buchanan co., la. : on E. side of 
"Wapsipinicon r., 49 m. N. by "W. Iowa City. 

Quay, p. o., Claiborne parish, La. : 189 miles N. W. 
Baton Rouge. 

Queechee river, Yet-^m. : an affluent of the Connecticut. 
It rises in Sherburne, and after a course of 85 m. falls into 
that r. in Harlland, 2 m. above Queechee Falls. Itreciives 
a mmiber of tributaries, and affords extensive water-power. 

QuEEcnEE Village, p. v., "Windsor co., Venn.: around 
the Falls of Queechee r., 5 m. from its mouth, 51 m. S. by E. 
Monlpelier. There is an immense water-power here, and 
considerable manufactures are carried on ; and both up and 
down the river are mills of various descriptions. 

Queen Anne county, J/c?. Situate E., toward the N., 
and contains 408 sq. m. Drained by branches of Chester 
river, which flows on the N.W., and of Tuekalioe or., wliich 
forms ils 'W. boundary. Kent island, lying to the S. Vf., is 
within the limits of the county. Surface undulating, atnl in 
parts elevated ; soil forlile. Staples, wheat au<l Indian 
com. Farms 936; manuf. 29; dwell. l,Sfr4, and pop. — wh. 
7,040, fr. col. 3,174, sL 4,270— total 14,434. Capikd: Ccn- 
Ireville. 

Queen Anxe, p. o., Prince George's co., Md. : on "W. side 
of Patuxent r., 13 m. W. S. W. Annapolis. 

Queen's county, N. Y. Situate toward the W. part of 

Long Island, and contains 896 sq. m. Drained by several 

small streams which enter the sound on the N., and the 

Atlantic Ocean on the S. Surface moderately even ; soil in 

705 



QUI 

the N. a deep loam, and in the S. sandy; when cultivated it 
is productive, and well a<iapted to grain and grazing. 
Chief products, wheal and Indian corn. This co. conlains 
some minerals, but none of any great importance. It has 
numerous bays and harbors, which abound with fish, oys- 
ters, etc. Farms 3,303 ; manuf. S9 ; dwell. G,230, and pop.— 
wh. 33,389. fr. col. 3,444— total 36,&3.3. Capital: N..rth 
Hempstead. Public Works: Long Island R. R.; Hemp- 
stead Branch E. R. 

QuEENSBORouGu, p. V., Andcrson disL. .S". C>n\: on the 
W. side of Saluda r., 81 m. N. W. by "VV. Colunibiu. 

QirEENSBURY, t. and p. v., "Warren co., .V. }'. .• 46 m. N. 
Albany. Drained by Wood cr. on llie N., and bounded ou 
the S. by Hudson r. Surface undulating, and in the W. 
hilly; soil sand and loam, fi-rlile. It contains ihe village of 
Glen's Falls, and has considerable manufactures and trade. 
Pop. of t. 5,313. 

QuEENSDALE, p. V., Robcsou CO., iV. Cur. : S5 m. S. S. "W. 
Raleigh. 

QuEENSTowN, Quccn Anne county, Md. : on S. E. side of 
Chester bay, 19 m. E. by N. Annapolis. 

QuEENSviLLE, p. V.. Jennings co., Iiul. : on the line of tho 
Madison and Indianapolis E. E., 53 ra. S. E. Indianapolis, 
and 28 m. from Madison. 

QirEMAUONiNG, L, Somerset county, Penn. : 11 m. N. E. 
Pomeraet. Drained by M"Conaughi-y r. and Quemahouing, 
Uiggins', and Wills' creeks. Surface hilly; soil gravelly 
and light, but productive. Stony creek bounds it on the E. 
It contains several mills, for which it has fine water-power. 
Pop. 1,302. 

QuESAUDENViLLE, Y., Lowis CO., Ofcg, Tei'. : at the con- 
fluence of Chehalis r. with Gray's Harbor, 142 m. N. by W. 
Salem. 

QuERCus Grove, p. v., Switzerland co., Ind. : 89 m. S. E. 
Indianapolis. It is situate about 12 m. N. E. from Vevay, 
and is sometimes called " Bark Works," on account of ila 
having been founderl for the purpose of grinding ami pack- 
ing o:ik bark for Ihe English market. 

Qi'iET Dell, p. o., Harrison co., Virg.: 205 m. W.N. W 
Eichmond. 

QuiLLiNsviLLE, p. T., Scott CO., Vii'g. : 291 m. "W. S. "W. 
Eichmond. 

QuiNOY, p. v., and cap. Gadsden co., Flor. : on the W. 
side of Attapulgus creek, 19 m. W. N. W. Tallahassee. It 
conlains a court-house, jail, elc, and about GOO iuhabitants. 

QuiNcy, p. v., and cap. Adams co., ///. ; mostly on a high 
bluff, on the E. side of the Mississippi, 88 m. W. Springfield. 
It is a flourishing v., and contains a court-house, jail, etc., a 
U. S. land office, numerous warehouses, stores, and work- 
shops, and other establishments, indicative of its commer- 
cial importance. Several steamboats arrive and depart 
daily during the season. It is also noted for its hog-p:icking 
for exportation. The newspapers published here are the 
" People's Journal" (indep.), daily and weekly ; the " Q. 
AVhig" (whig), the " Q. WochenblalL" (dem.). and the '' Q. 
Herald and Argus" (dem.), all weekly, and the ''Western 
Legal Observer" and the " Western Temperance Maga- 
zine," both monthly. This v. will be the W. terminus of the 
Northern Cross E. E., which will bring it into connection 
with Chicago, Springfield, and the wliole North and East. 
The neighborhood is thickly settled, and highly cultivated. 
Pop. in 1850, 6,911. 

QuiNCY, t. and p. v., Norfolk co., 3/*r.«. .* on Braintreo 
bay, an arm of Boston Harbor, S m. S. hy K. Boston. Sur- 
face pleasantly diversified and somewhat hilly; soil of ex- 
cellent quality and well cultivated. It contains large tracts 
of salt meadow. The v. is centrally situate and has several 
neat and some costly buildings. The town-house is a noble 
building of granite, S3 by 5S feet. A newspaper, the "Q. 
Patriot," is issued weekly. Quincy Point and Germanlown 
are well known places ou tho shore, and are eligibly situated 
for ship-building and the shore fisheries. Squantum is 
noted as having been the residence uf the Indian sachem. 



QUI 



KAC 



Chicliataubut. and is also a pleasant resort for fishing and 
bathing. Cons'uleralilc manufactures are carried on in the 
town, bnt Quincy is more cflebrated for its granite quarries. 
About 2 m. back from the bay is a range of elevated land, 
in some parts more than 6i)0 f.-et above the sea, containing 
an inexhaustible supply of tliat invaluable building mate- 
rial. This granite range extends into the neighboring 
towns. More than l,oni» hands are employed in those quar- 
ries, which supply a large ain-mnl of stone f-^r building in 
all the great cities. The columns (»f the new Custom House 
antl Kxchangp at Boston are of this material, and much of 
it is used in New York city. Quincy has been the birth- 
place of several noted patriots — .John Hancock, Josiah 
Quincy, .John Adams, and 'Juhn Quincy Aiianis were boru 
here, amJ have left to posterity names of imperishable re- 
nown. Pop. of t. 5,017. 

Qrixcv, t. and ]t. v., Bra?ich co.. 3fic7>.: 61 m. S. S. W. 
Lansing. Drained by Hog creek and other affluents of St. 
Joseph's river. Surface \aried; soil fcriile and a<lapted to 
grain. The v. is situate on the line of the Southern Michi- 
gan E. K., SO m. from Monroe and 167 m. from Chicago. 
The t. is eminently agricultural, and produces fine crops. 
Pop. 1,111. 
Qri>'CY, p. v., Monroe eo., J/z'-vw ; 14S m. N. E. -Taeksou. 
QriNcr, p. T., Hickory co., JIo. : GG m, S. W. Jefferson 
City. 

QnxcT, p. T., Logan coimty, OJiio: on the E. branch of 
Great Miami r.. oT m. W. N. W. Columbus. The Bellefc.n- 
taine and Indiana K. R. passes through it about 13 m. from 
Belli-fonlaiiie. 

QriNXY, p. v., Gibson co., Tenn.: on the S. side of Forked 
Deer cr., 1-35 m. W. S. W. NashviUe. 

QriNcv, p. v., Franklin co., Peyin. : 4S m. S. W. Harris- 
bni-g. It is situate at the foot of South Mountain, in a ri<'h 
iron region, and there are several manufacturing establish- 
ments in the vicinity. 

QrtNCT, p. o., Washita co., Ark.: 7S m. S. S. W. Little 
Rock. 

QuiNEBAuG. p. v.. "Windham co., Conn. : on Quinebaug r.. 
43 m. E. N. E. Hartford. 

QtriNEBAUG river, Conn.: a tributary of Shetucket r. It 
rises in Mashapaijg pond and passes into Mass., where, in 
tlie t. of IJriintield, it receives a considerable branch, and 
Ihcnce returning in a S. E. direction into Conn., it takes a S. 
course for 30 m. until it unites with the Shetucket, 3 m. 
above Norwich City. It has falls that afford extensive and 
valuable water-power. 

QiiNNiPiAO river. Conn; rises in Farmington, and after 
a S. course 30 m., enters New Haven Harbor, where it is 
crossed by a long bridge. 

QuLNN's Mills, p. o., Clinton county, Ohio: 102 m. S. "W. 
Columbus. 

QuiT.\iAN, p. v., and cap. Clark co., Misa. ; on the E. siile 
of Chickasawha r., 92 m. E. by S. Jackson. It cjntains a 
court-house and the county offices, several stores, and about 
150 inhabitants. The Mobile and Oliio K. R. passes 
through it 

Quitman, p. v., Benton county, Ahi.: lUS ra. N. N. E, 
Monlgomerj'. 

QciTMAN, p. c, Tan Buren county, Ark. : on N. fork of 
Cadron cr., 47 m. N. Litl!<^ liock. 

Qltito, p. v., Talbot co.. Ga. : on the W. line of the co., 
9-2 m. W. S. W. Milledgeville. 

QrivEK. p. o., Mason county, HI. : 27 m. N. by "W. 
Springfield. 

QuoDDY (or We>t Qfoddy) Head, M^. : at the S. side of 
entrance into West tiuoddy bay, in lat. 44° 49' IS" N., and 
long. 66° 59' W. West Quoddy Head Light-house is 
located on this headland. 

QuoGUB. p. v., SulTolk CO., i\r. T.: on the S. side of Long 
Island, on a neck between Shinnecook and East bays, 145 m. 
E. 3. E. Albany. It is a small, swiliered, Ihii pleasant 
place, and is much resorted to as a summer retreat. 



QcoNOCBOKTAUO, \i. V.. Washington county, R. X. : 29 m. 
S. by W. ProTideuce. 



K. 



Rabbit river, Allegan co.. ^^(ch. : rises in the N. E. part of 
the CO., flows S. S. W., and cnjpties into the Kalamazoo r., 
7 m. from its mouth. 

RAr.niTS%nLLE, p. o., L'>g.in county, Ky.: W^ m. S. W. 
Frankfort. 

Rabbit Town, p. o., Benton oo., Aki.; 103 m. N. N. E, 
Montgomery. 

Kaisun county, Ga. Situate N. E.. and contains SlSsq.m, 
Chatooga river runs on the E. and Terrora thnmgh Iho 
S. and W., by which ami their t>ranches it is drained. Sur- 
face elevated, and forms, for ilie most part, table-land. In 
the E. and W. it is hilly, the Blue Ridge forming its eastern 
boundary; soil fertile. Agriculture is the leading pursuit 
with a large portion of the inhabitants. Pine and other 
timber is found of excellent quality. Farms 2S2; manuf. 
0; dwell. 3S5, and pop.— wh. 2.3;?S, fr. col. 0, si. 110— total 
2,44S. Capital: Clayton. I'tthlic Works: Rabun Gap 
R. R. (proposed). 

Racine county, W<f:c. Situate S. E., on Lake Michigan, 
and contains ;i:i9 sq. m. Drained by Fox, Pike. Root, and 
Des Plaines rivers and their atHuents, which supply good 
water-power. Surface uneven, and diversified with lakes; 
soil a rich loam, and very jiroduciive. Agriculture is the 
leading pursuit. Farms 971 ; manui. 104 ; dwell. 2.57S. and 
pop.— wh. 14.907, fr. col. (jC— total 14.973. Cnpitat : Racine. 
Puhlic W'orlc.^ : Chicago, Milwaukie, and Green Bay. R. R. 
fiACiNE, t., p. c, and cap. Racine co., Wise. : bordering 
on Lake Michigan, 73 m. E. S. E. Madison. Drained by 
Root r., which, passing tlirougli in a S. K. direction, tiows 
into the lake. Surface undulating; soil of good quality. 
The V. is al the mouth oi Root r., in lat. 42° 49' 33" X., and 
long. 870 40' 2^' W. It contains the court-house, j;iil. and 
other pui)Iic building:*; store-houses and otlier places of 
business, of various descriptions, prinling-olfiees, etc.. and 
an Episcopal college has been established here — Roswell 
Parks. D.l).. President. The imports for 1S51 amounted to 
$1,152,750. ami the exports $(;50,950. The exports consist 
chiefly in M'heat, of wliich a large quantity is raised in the 
t. and vicinity. Racine is a flourishing place, and bid.s fair 
sof>n to become an important commercial point for the State. 
Tlie public press consists of 5 papers — tlie "Commercial 
Advertiser" (dem.), "Old Oaken Bucket*' (Temp.), " Racine 
Advocate" (dem.), and the "Democratten"(dem.),all weekly 
issues; and the "Wisconsin Farmer" (agri.), a monthly 
issue. The Green Bay, Milwaukie and Chicago E. li. passes 
through it. Pop. of the city 5,103, and of the t. 5,8S{). 

Racket lake and river, N. Y. : the lake is in N. part of 
Hamilton co., an irregular body of water, 14 m. Ion*;, 2 to 5 
m. wide, abouncling with large trout, etc. It connects with 
Long lake, from which flows Racket river, 14o m. long, 
which enters the Si, Lawrence, near St. Regis. 
Racket River, p. o., St. Lawrence co., N. Y. 
Racoon, p. o., Marion co.. If!,: 95 m.S. S. E. Springfield. 
Racoon, t., Gallia co., Ohio: 8S m. S. S. E. Columbus. 
Drained by R.acoon cr. Surface diversified; soil generally 
fertile. Centreville is a small setuement on a branch of the 
stream. I'op. of t. 1,474. 

Racoon, p. o., Preston county, Virg.: 177 m. N. W. 
Richmond. 

Racoon river. Bad Ax co.. Wi^c: flows through N. W. 
part of the co., into Mississippi r. 

Racoon Fop.o, p. o., Culpepper oo., Ylrg.: on bank of 
Rapid xVnn r., 15 m. above its entrance into Rappahannock 
r., G3 m. N. W. f>y N. Richm'>nd. 

R.AcooN Island, p. o., Gallia co., Ohio: 90 m. S. S. E. 
Columbus. Racoon island is in the Ohior., below Gallipolis, 
au'l near the mouth of Racoon creek. 

707 



RAC 



UAL 



Kacoon Valley, p. o., Knox county, Tmui. : 159 m. E. 
Nashville. 

EADFonnsviLLE, p. o., Perry co., Ala. ; 64 m. W. N. W. 
Mouttjomery. 

Eau.nuk. I. and p. v., Delaware co., 0?iio: on E. side of 
Scioto r.. SO m. N. N. W. Columbus. Surface rolling, and 
well linibereii ; soil fertile. This town is principally in- 
habited by Welsh, and received its name from a place in 
"Wales. The v. is located about 1 m. E. of the Scioto river. 
Pop. of t. 1,21H. 

Kaunoe, t and p. o., Delaware co., Penn. : SI ra. E. by S. 
Ilarrisburg. Drained by Darby cr. and other streams. 
Surface level; soil rich and fertile. It has several manu- 
factures. The Philadelphia aud Columbia K. E, passes 
throu^'h it. Pop. 1,3T2. 

Eagueu mountains, N. IJump. : 25 m. N. N. liV. Concord. 
Are a bleak precipitous range, about 11) m. long, between 
Andover and Hill, in some parts nearly 2,000 feet hieh. 

Eaglksville, p. 0., Daviess co., Incl. : 79 m. S. W. by S. 
Indianapolis. 

Eauwav, t.. p. v., and sta., Essex county, i\^. Jer. : an 
Bahway r., 35 m. N. E. Trenton; by New Jersey E. E., 
20 m. from New York, and 67 m. from Phiiadeiphia. The 
v., chiefly in Woodbridge t. Middlesex co., is partly in 
Eahway t. Essex co., on bolh sides of Eahway r. at the he:id 
of tide, 5 m. from its mouth. It contains 7 churches, au 
academy, female institute, 1 bank— cap. .$130,0110, and has 
some manufactures. Two newspapers are published weekly, 
"Advocate and liegister" (whig;, aud " E. Eepubliean" 
(dem.). The t. has a level surface, and the soil is red shale, 
and well euUivated. It is intersected by the New Jersey E. E. 
and two turnpikes. Pop. of t. 3,306, Eahway Port or 
Bucklown is situate 3 or 4 m. further down the river. 

Eaikgrn's CitKKK, p. o., Laurctis district, S. Car. : on W. 
side of cr. of same name, 63 m. W. N. W. Columbia, 

Eainbow, p. o., Hartford county, Conn.: on N. side of 
Farmington r., 10 m. N. Ilartfurd. 

Eaixes' Tavern, p. o., Cumberland county, Ttrg. : 50 m 
W. by S. Eiehmond. * 

Eainesville, p. v., Warren co., Ind.: on Big Pine cr., 
72 m. N. W. by AV. Indianapolis. 

1:ain8doro' p. v., Highland county, Ohio : 57 m. S. S. W. 
Columbus. 

EAiNsntTRG, p. v., Bedford county, P^mi. : on "W. side of 
small affiuent of llaystown br. of Juniata r., 84 m. W. by 8. 
Harrisburg. 

Eaisin, t. and p. o., Lenawee co., Mich. ; 63 m. S. S. E. 
Lansing, on both sides of Eaisin r., which affr)rds water- 
power. Surfaeo undulating; soil black sandy loam, very 
productive of grain. The Tecumseh Branch E. E. passes 
through the L Pop. 1,'2()7. 

Eaisin river, 3Iich. Eises in Wheatland t., Hillsdale co., 
flows by a very circuitous couree through Jackson, "Wash- 
tenaw, Lenawee, and Monroe counties, 140 m. ; and emj)ties 
into Lake Erie, 2\ m. below Monroe. Its banks are gener- 
ally high and beautiful ; its current is very rapid, affording 
great water-power, which is extensively used. Its name is 
derived from the wild grape vines which Ibrmerlj lined its 
banks, 

Eaisinville, t, Monroe co., 3fwh. Drained by Eaisin r., 
on which is much fertile land. Pop. 967. 

EALEum county. Virg. Erected in 1850, out of Fayette. 
Situate W. cenlrally, and contains 531 sq. m. Drained by 
tributaries of New r., or Upper Kanawha. Surface rough 
and mountainous ; soil in some parts fertile. Chief products, 
wheat, Indian corn, pork, etc. Farms 2L6 ; manuf. — ; dwell. 
296, and pop.— wh. 1,735, fr. col. 7, si. 23— total 1,765. 
Oipj'tid: Berkley. 

Ealeigh, p. T., and cap. Smith co., Mi-^8.: 44 m. E. S. E. 
Jackson. Drained by a creek of Leaf r., and contains the 
county buildings, etc. 

Ealetoii, p. city, aud cap. "Wake county, K Car. : and 
capital of the State of Nortli Carnliua, about 6 m. W. of 



Neuse r., in laL 35° 47' N., and long. 73° 45' W.— 2S6 m. from 
Washington. Smitlitleld. 27 m. S. E., ia the ordinary pninl 
of navigation, but in high stages of the water, vessc-ls eomc 
u]) within S m. of Ealeigh. It has an elevated and pleasant 
situation in a healthy country, and ig laid out wiih great 
regularity. In the centre is Union Square, containing 
10 acres, from which extend four streets, 99 feet wide, 
dividing it into quarters. In the centres of these quarters 
are other squares, each of 4 acres, intersected as the principal 
square by streets 66 feet wide. The public buihiings are 
the State-house, court-house, the Ni>rth Carolina Instiuuion 
fur the instruction of the deaf and dumb, county jail, a 
market-house, the Governor's house, office of the Serr,'lary 
of Slate, and 7 churches. The State-house, next to that of 
Oliio at Columbus, surpasses in architectural beauty, those 
of all other States. It is built aflcr the model of the 
I'artbenon at Alliens, and is located on Union Square. 
The building is 1(36 feet long by 90 feet wide, an<l is sur- 
rounded by massive columns of gnmile, 5^ feet in diameter, 
and 30 feet high. A beautiful dume surmounts the building. 
The chambers occupied by the Legislature are spacious and 
commodious. The cost of erecting this noble structure, was 
about $500,000. The former State-house, containing a fine 
statu-j of Washington, by Canova. was destroyed by fire in 
U31. The Institution fur the Deaf and Dumb is h)cated near 
the Slaie-house on a I'i'ur acre lot, and provision is also 
made for the erection of a State Lunatic Asylum. Ealeigh 
is a place of considerable business, and has numerous work- 
shops, stores, etc., 2 banks — cap. $450,000, and supports 10 
newspapers, 3 issued semi-weekly, the " Primitive Haptist" 
(relig.), the "Southern Advocate" (relig.), and the ** E. 
Eegister" (whig); 6 weekly, the "Ilecorder" (relig), the 
"Sitirit of the Age" (tc-mp.), the "E. Times" (whig), the 
"N. Car. Standard" (dem.), the "N. Car. Star" (whig), and 
the " K. Eegister," the last an edition of the semi-weekly of 
the same name; and 1 semi-monthly, the "Deaf Mute" 
(liter). There are four gootl acatleniiea in the city, and 
several common schools. Ealeigh is intersected by the 
North Carolina Central E. E.. which connects it E. with the 
sea-board at Newbem, and W. with the S. Carolina railroads 
at Charlotte; and passing through fertile and populous 
counties, this road will have the effect of slinndaling the 
trade of the city itself. The Gaston and Ealeigh H E. also 
terminates hiTC. giving it access to the north. Pop. m 1S40, 
2,244, and in ISoO, 4,51S. 

Ealbkih, p. v., and cap. Saline co., HI. : on a branch of 
Saline creek, on a pleasant ele\ation, 149 m. S S, E. 
Springfleld. 

Ealeigh. p. v., and cap. Shelby co., Tenn.: on N. side 
of Wolf cr., ISl m. W. S. W. Nashville. It contains a court- 
house, jail, etc., and .about 600 inhabitants. 

Ealeich, p. c, Eush co., Ind. : on E. bank of Flat Eock 
cr., 39 m. li. Indianapolis. 

Ealeigu. p. v., Union co., Ki/.: on E. side of Ohio r., 
6 m. below the mouth tif the Wabash r., 172 m. W. by S. 
Frankfort. It is a small but pleasantly situated village 

Ball's coimty, M». Situate towani the N. K., and con- 
tains 475 sq. m. Drained by Salt r,, which passes through 
it from E. to W., and by its different affluents. Surface 
rolling or nearly a plain; soil fertile, and very productive. 
Timber is found in alnmdance, and good coal beds. Farms 
541 ; manuf. 13 : dwell, 777, and pop.— wh. 4.777, fr. col. 6. 
si. 1.368— total G.151. Capitid: New London. Public 
Worl:s; St. Louis and Northern E. E. 

Eallt Hill, p. o., Maury co., Tenn.: 39 m. S. by W. 
Nashville. 

Ealputon, p. o., Fulton county, Ay. .- 249 m. W. S. W. 
Frankfort. 

Ealston, p. v., Lycoming co., Pe7in. : on E. side of Ly- 
coming cr., S3 m. N. Ilarrisburg. The Lycoming Valley 
Iron Company have a hot-blast clrarcoal furnace here of 
the animal capacity of 2.000 tons. The Williamsport and 
KImtra II. \l. parses through the village. 



KAM 



RAN 



Hamap.k t.. li.ukhirKl CO., y. Y. : lOS m. &. by W. AUuiny. 
Braini'd liv Ilamnpo ami Sudtlle rivc-ra, affluents <il' the 
Passaic. :5urf;ioe hilly and moiintaiTKUis ; in Ihe valleys soil 
very pmductive. Tht-re arc consiilerahlo iron anil ntlier 
mamiractiiri'S in the t, and al SufiV-rii's, Iho I'riiiin K. U. 
from New JtTyey and Patrrr?i>ii unili-s with Uie Nuw York 
and Erie R. K., wiiich laLIer cro^srs llie town. Topu- 
lulion 3.197. 

Eamai'O river, X. T.: rises in Orancre ennnty, flows 8. 
through W. part "f Itoekland "'oiinty into New Jerstv, and 
empties thrnu<;h I'unipti'n r. inin llu' Piis^aic. 

liAMAFo WoiiKB, p. V. and sta.. Ilm-kland co.. iV. 1'; on 
Katnapn r., llU ni. W. by S. Albany, and on Krie \l. K., 
35 ni. from New Ynrk. The Kaniapur. here furnishes a. large 
water-power to several iron manufactories. 
IIameu, p. o., Montgomery co., Alir. 
KAMSAVsmnii:. p. v.. 'NViirren co,, X. Jfv. : on K. !iank nf 
Delaware r., 41) m. N. N. W. Trenton. It contains an fclpis- 
Ci>pal cluireh, a store, and a score of fiwellintrs. 

U \MSnoi:o', p. v., GniUord co., N. Car.: 1(13 m. W. N.W. 
Raleigh. 

Ramsey county. Minn. Situate E. niidillo. and cnnlains 
2.150 sq. ni. It is a country full of lakes and ponds and 
running streams. On the S. tiie Mississippi fornis iis liound- 
ary. and receives the drainage of more Ihait half the county, 
tbrougti Rum, Otlonwey, and Reterah rivers. 'J'lie Missis- 
sippi also forms a portion of the N. boundary. The county 
is about 101) m. long and 20 broad, and abimt oue-fourUi 
part of its surface is water. The largest lake is Minsi-Sa- 
paigoning, or Millc Lacs, which covers ijoo sq. ni. Earms 
19; nianuf. 0; dwell. 3^. and pop.— \vh. 2,197, fr. col. 3ii— 
total '2,'2-27. Ctipittil : St. Paul. 

Ramsey's, stru, Bergen county, K. Jir. : on Union R. R., 
2^ tu. from New York, 5 m. from Suffern's. 

Ranaleburg, p. v., Mecklenburg co., X. Car. : 120 m. 
W. S. "\V. Raleigh. 

IlANcocL's, p. o., Burlington co., X. Jer. : 15 m. S. S. AV. 
Trenton. 

R.vNOOcrs creek. X. Jer. : an atlluciU of the Didawarc. 
It rises in Momnoulh county, and llowing W. through iJur- 
Iiiigt'>n county, falls into the Delaware opposite the mouth 
of I'equasin cr. the N. line of PliiUidei|diia county. 

i;ANn.vLT,STowN, V., Baltimore coimty, Md. : 40 miles N. 
Ann;ipolJs. 

Ranoam.'ivti.i.k, p. v., RoI)esnn co, X. Car. : on a liranch 
of Luudier r., t>i m. S. b. W. Riileiglu 

I:andi'I,tmi county, Al^i. Situaie E., and contains 917 
&q. m. Tallapoosa r. flows throngli it ccnlraHy, iiy whieh 
and by its Iribularies, Little TaU;q)oosa r. and other streams, 
it is lirain^ni. Surface generally level ; soil productive, and 
adapted lo Ihe growth of cotton, the staple article of coui- 
uierce. Earms ftiV.) ; maruif. 23; dwell. I,9n4, and pop. — 
Kvh. 10,<ilG, fr. col. 29. si. (*3'i— toUl 11,5>1. Cojutal: Wee- 
dowee. 

Ranpolpij covmty, Ark. Situate N. toward the E., anrl 
contains S30 sq. m. Drained by IJig Black r. and its 
brancht*. Surface varied, but in general is even ; soil fer- 
tile, and produces wheat, corn, etc. Tnnl)er {)f a good 
quality is found on the land. Earms 89() ; nianuf. 2; dwell. 
53S, and pop.— wh. 3,029, fr. col. 3, si. 243— tolal 3,275. 
Ciipital : Pocahontas. 

Randolph counly, Oa. Situate S, AV.. and contains 713 
sq. m. Drained by branches of Chatlahooehee r., which 
fitrnis its western bonn<iary, and by branches *>( Flint r. 
Burlace umiulaling, in parts hiily; soil fertile, and .'idapted 
^> coiton. which is the principal produclion of the counly. 
Pine tinibiT abounds, and some minerals are to be found 
here. Farms 930; manuf. 3S ; dwell. 1,408. and pop.— wh. 
7.S57, fr. col. 3, al. 5,^08- total 12 stts. Capital: CulhberL 
Piih/ic Wark-H: South Western U. R. 

Randolimi county, IlL Situate S. W., and contains .514 
?q. m. Kaskaxkia r., a tributary of the Mississippi, px-ises 
LliTou^h the western jiortion of the county, by wliich and 



by St. Mary's and Horse creeks, it is drained. Surface un- 
dulating, and i[i the S. W., on ihe shore of the Mississippi, 
terminates in high bluffs; soil fertile, producing wheat, In- 
dian corn, and tobacco. Agriculture is the leading pursuit. 
Farms I.IOO; manuf. 36; dwell. 2.040. and pop.— wh. 10,097, 
fr. col. 2S3— total 1O.9S0. Cupitnl: t_'lie8ter. 

RAxnoLi-n county, InrJ. Situate F^., and contains 423 
s(j. m. Drained by W. fork of WliiU- and Mississinewa rivers 
and iheir branches, by which got»d water-power is supplied. 
Surface rolling, in some parts it is low and niar-shy ; soil 
fertile, and adapted to grain and grazing. Chief produc- 
tions, wheat, sugar, and Indian corn. It lias some prairies, 
and goiid timber is found on (he land. Farms 1.477; manuf. 
12: dwell. 2.51.3, and pop.— wh. U,(i64, fr. col. lilJl— total 
14,725. Capiial: Winchester. Piihliv Worku : Indianap- 
olis and BellcfontaineR. R. ; Union and Fort Wayne, Dayton 
and Green\ille K\I<-rision R. R., etc. 

RANPoLen counly, J/o. Situate centrally toward the N., 
and contains 457 mi. m. Drained by East Chariton r. and 
branches, and small streams of Salt r. Surface even; soil 
fertile and very proiluctive— it is welt adapted to loJiacco, a 
large quantity of which is grown. Corn and fruits of difler- 
cnt kinds are also proi1ni-c<I abundantly, and tlieri; is some 
timber on the land. Bilviminnus coal of good quality is 
found in large quantity. Farms 993; manuf. 47; dwell. 
1.157. and [lop.— wh. 7.2115, fr. col. IS, si. 2,15(j — total 9,439. 
Capital: Iluntsville. 

Randoli'ii ctMinty, X. (""ar. Situate centrally, anil con- 
tains 724 'iq. m. Drained by Dee|) r. and its branches, and 
branches of Yadkin r. Surface various; soil a deep loam 
and very fertile, miu-ii of ii being adapted lo grazing, (^hief 
productions, tobacco, cotton, wheat, and Indian corn. F'arnig 
1.173 ; manuf. 41 ; dwell. 2,512, and pop. — wh. 13.795. fr. ci>I. 
::'.97. si. I,ii40--total 15.832. Ca/a'tal : Ashboro'. I'nhlia 
Works: North Carolina Central K. R. 

Ranuoli'ii counly, I*//j/. Sitvuite toward the N. "W., and 
contains !,4S4 s<i. m. Drained by Cheat r. and its branches 
on the E. side of the movniiains, ami branches of l-:asi fork 
on the W. side, all constituting hea'l branches of Monou- 
gahela r. Surface mountainous; soil in some parts f.-rlile, 
well a<lap!e'i to gnzing. Chief products, wheat and lodiau 
corn. Laurel and Cheat moimtains run through the coimty. 
Farms 379; manuf. 0; dwell. 844, and pop.— wli. 5,003, fr. 
col. 39, si. 2ol- total 5.243. Capital: Beverly. 

Ranooumi, p. o., Bilib county, Ala.: 53 miles N.W. 
Montgomery. 

Randoi-i'ii. t. and p. o., Crr;wfurd county, Penii.: 19^ m. 
N. W. llarrisburg. Drained by creeks of Venango river. 
Pop. about 1.500. 

Randot.pii, v., Randolfiii county, //((/.; (33 m. E. by N. 
Indianapolis. 

Rasholpti, p. o.. Barren counly, A'l/.: 99 m. S. W. by S. 
Frankfort. 

RAxnoi.Pii. (., p. v., and sta., Norfolk co., J/fi.s.5. .■ on Fall 
River R. R., 15 m. S. Boston. Surface oft. undulating; 
soil productive. Drained by Mantiqnot r. The marnifac- 
lure of shoes, etc., is extensively carried on. There ia 
I bank — capital $150,000 — an academy, and iJ churches. 
There are several villages in Ihe town. Pop. of l. 4.741. 

Randoumi. v., Clay county, Jfo. : 123 miles W. N. W, 
.JelTerson City. 

RANtiOLiMt. t. and p. o., Cohimbia county. TT/sc. .• 42 m. 
N. N. W. Madison. Draine.l l)y tributaries of Fox aud 
Wisconsin rivers. Surface elevated, but mostly level, aud 
affording excellent farm land.s. Pop. fdS. 

RANitoLi'ii, t. and p. o., Coos county. X. ITamp.: 81 ra. 
N. by F;. Concord. Drained iw head branches of Israel's r. 
Surface mountainous, the White Mountains lying imme- 
diately S. of it. Pop. 113. 

Randoi-pu. t. and p. v., Cattaraugus co., X. K; 272 m. 
W. by S. Albany. Surface of t. hilly; soil well adapted to 
grazing. Drained by Conewango or. The v., on Little 
Couewango cr., contJiins about 3ii0 inhabitants. It has a 

71)9 



RAN 



RAT 



oo(>siiU'ral)le manufacturing capital and some retail trade. 
Pop. of t. 1,606. 

IIandoi.I'U. 1. and p. o.. Portage co., OJilo: lU m. N. E. 
Culuriibua. Drained by branch of Cuyahojra r. Surface 
pcnlly uneven ; soil fertile— much grain is raised. Popula- 
tion 1.730. 

Kanpolpii, p. v.. Tipton co„ Tejin. : on E. side of Mis- 
si^ippl r..al Mie mouth of Big Uatehie r., 22 m. below Ash- 
purt, 17y m. W. by ?. Nashville. Larije quanlilies of cotton 
are phippe<l from this place to New <:)rlean9. It is a dilapi- 
dated town at the head of second Chickasaw lilufis. Im- 
mediately opposite is seen the first colton plautalion on 
descending the river. 

Randolph,!., p. v., and sta., Orange eo., Venn.: 23m. 
S. Montpelier. Brained by branches t)f "White r. Surface 
of t. elevated and not much broken ; soil fertile, and well 
cultivated. The v. is h-andsomely situated, and contains a 
flourishing academy, a church, stores, etc. In the t. are 
several tanneries, saw and grist mills. The Vermont Cen- 
tral R. R. passes through its W. part, 46 m. from "VViudsor. 
Pop. of t. 2,666. 

Randolph Macon College, p. o. and coll.. Mecklenburg 
CO., 17/(7. ; 1 m. ■\V. Boydtown and 74 m. S. AV. Richmond. 
The college was founded in lS32,and is under the direction 
of the Methodist denorainaliou. In 1850 it had 7 professors, 
SO students, and S,iJOO volumes in its libraries, and its alumni 
numbered U7, of whom 31 were in the ministry. 

Randolph's Gkove, p. o., M'Lean co., III. : 49 ra. N. E. 
Springfi.-Id. 

RASi-YSBuno, p. 0., "Washington county, IlL: 99 m. S. 
Springfield. 

Rancf,. t., Madison co., Ohio: 27 ni."W. S.W. Columbus. 
Dramed by head waters of Paint and Deer creeks. Sur- 
face elevated and level; soil rich and productive. It is a 
fine farming country. Pop. 9S?. 

Rangely, t, and p. o., Franklin co., Jfe. : 63 m. N. "W. 
Augusta. Drained by Androscoggin r. and other streams, 
which fall into Aquessuck lake on its S. boundary. Pop. 43. 

Rankin county, Mi^s. Situate W. cenlnilly. and contains 
705 sq. ni. Pearl r. forms its W. and N. W. boundary, by 
branches of which it is drained. Surface generally level, 
and is thickly wooded, a large portion of the land being 
pine forest; soil fertile. Cotton is the staple. Farms 420; 
nianuf. 5; dwell 69S, and pop. — wh. 8.945. fr. col. 6, si. 
<j.'270_loi:d 7.227. Capital: Brandon. FuUic Works: 
Vickslnirg. Jackson, and Brandon R. E. ; New Orleans, 
Jackson, and Northern R. K., etc. 

Ransom, p. v., Ilillsdale co., Midi. : 62 m. S. Lansing. 
Pop. 549. 

Ransom, p. o., Luzerne county, Penn. : "S miles N. E. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Ransom's Bridge, p. o., Nash co., 2s\ Car. : 42 m. E. N. E. 
Raleigh. 

Ransomvtlle, p. o., Kiag.ira CO., A''. Y.: 274 m. TV. by N. 
All'any. 

Ranto^vle'b, p. o., Colleton dist., >S'. Car,: S3 m. S. by E. 
CoUnnbia. 

Raphor, t. and p. o., Lancaster co., Penn. : 23 m. E. S. E. 
Harrisburg. Surface of town rolling; soil calcareous loam. 
Drained by the Chiques creeks, which form its E. anri W. 
boundaries. It contains numerous saw, grist, flouring, and 
fnlling mills, tanneries, distilleries, etc. Pop. about 4.000. 
Mount Joy and Elizabethtown, on the Lancaster and llar- 
risbnrg R. li., and Manheim are in this town. 

Rapid Ann, p. o., Madison county, Yirg. : 71 m. N. "W. 
Eichmond. 

Rapid Ann river, Virg. : rises in the Blue Ridge, in Mad- 
ison county, and joins the Rappahannock, 10 miles above 
Fredericksburg. 

Rapides parish. La. Situate "W. centrally, and contains 

1,993 sq. m. Drained by Red r. and its branches, Calcasieu 

river, and Breuf, Hagon, Cypress, Rapide. and Crocndilc 

bayous. Surface level, and in some parts very low, subject- 

710 



jng it to inundation when the rivers are high; soil various, 
along the streams being fertile, and generally productive; 
Staple articles of commerce cotton and Indian corn. Tim- 
ber is found on the land, pine prevailing. It contains some 
small lakes. Farms 1S7; mauuf 11; dwell. I,t32, and 
pop.— wh. 5.03T, fr. col. 1S4, si. 11,340— total 16.5^1. Ccj)- 
ital : Alexandria. Public ^Yor^ks : New Orleans, OpLdousas, 
and Gn-at Western R. R. 

Rapids, p. o., Portage co., Ohio: 120 m. N. E. Columbus. 

Rapids, p. o., Whiiesides co., lU. : on S. side of Rock r., 
1.37 m. N. Springfield. 

Rapids, p. o., Boone co., la. : 136 m. W. by N. Iowa City. 

Rapids, p. o., Niagara county, N, Y.: 260 m. W. by N. 
Alljany. 

Rappahankock county, Yirg. Situate toward the N. E., 
and contains 268 sq. m. Drained by head branches of Rappa- 
hannock r. Surface level ; soil fertile, adapted to grain and 
grazing. Chief products wheat and Indian corn. Farms 
472; manuf. fW; dwell. 990, and pop.— wh. 5,642, fr. col. 296, 
si. 3,S44— total 9.7S2. Capital: Washington. 

Rappahannock river, Virg.: rises in the Blue Ridge* 
and flowing in a S. E. course 130 m., enters Chesapeake 
bay by a large estuar.', 25 m. S. of the mouth of the Poto- 
mac. It has four fathoms water at Hobbs' Hole, and is 
navigable for vessels requiring 10 feet of water to Freder- 
icksburg, 40 ra. from its mouth. 

Rappahannock Academy, p. c, Caroline co., Virg.: 36 m. 
N. by E. Richmond. 

Rapp's B.verens, p. o., Fulton co., Ark. : 105 m. N. Little 
Rock. 

Raritan, t, ITunterdon co., 2^. Jer. : 20 m. N. Trenton. 
Drained by Nachanic or. and several streams, aflhients of 
S. branch of Raritan r., which forms the N. E. boundary, 
and also by WiL-kheekcoke and other streams of Delaware 
r. It is a fine farming t, and has numerous mills and man- 
ufactures. Flemington, to which a branch of the Belvidcro 
Dt^aware R. R. will be built, is in Raritan. Pop. 3.0GU. 

Raritan, p. v. and sta. Somerset co., N. Jer. : on Raritan 
r., 1 m. W. Somerville, by New Jersey Central R. R., 40 m. 
from New York. 

Rauitan bay, K. Jer.: lies between Staten Island on tlie 
N., Monmouth co., N. J., on the S., and Sandy Hook on the 
S. E. It terminates on the W. at Amboy, to which it has 2^- 
fathoms of water. 

Raritan river, K. Jer. : is formed by two branches which 
unite in Somerset co., and empty into Raritan bay at Am- 
boy. Sloops of SO tons ascend the r. with S feet of water to 
New Brunswick, whence also steamboats ply daily to New- 
York. 

RATOLTFFSBtrr.G, p. 0., YintoD county, 0?do: 57 m. S. E. 
Columbus. 

Rathuonevtlle, p. V. and sta., Steuben co. J^. Y.: on 
N. E. side of Canistco cr., 1S6 m. W. by S. Albany, and on 
Erie R. R.. 317 ni. from New York, 152 m. from Dunkirk; 
a handsome village. Pop. about 500. 

Ratuuun, p. o., Sheboygan co., lltsc. ; 90 m. N. E. by E. 
Madison. 

Raven Creek, p. 0., Uarrison county, Ky. : 36 m. N. E. 
Frankfort. 

Ravenna, t., p. v., and cap. Portage co., Ohio: 121 m. 
N. K. Columbus. Surface undulating, drained by a br-luch 
of Cuyahoga r., and by W. brancli of Mahoning r. The v. 
is iileasantly situated on a plain, is regularly laid out, and 
contains an elegant court-house of stone, a jail, female sem- 
inary, an<l four churches. The Pennsylvania and Ohio 
Canal passes through the S, part of the v., and affords water- 
power. The Cleveland and Pillsbnrg R. R. passes through 
the v.. 8S m. from Cleveland, and 62 m. from Wellsville, 
Three newspapers are published weekly. " Portage Sentinel" 
(dem.), *' Portage County Whig,'" and ■'■ Ohio Star" (free soil). 
Pop. of t. 2,2:^9. 

Ravenna, t. and p. o.. Ottawa co., yfinh. : 77 m.W. N.W. 
Lansing. Drained by Croekery cr. Pop. 77. 



RAV 



REA 



Kave.v's Nbst, p. o., TrVuahingtnn co., Virg. : 2J4 m. W. 
by S. liichmomi. 

Eavknswood, p. o., Jackson co., Vhg.: at junction of 
Little Sandy or. with the Ohio, 253 m. W. N. W. liiciimond. 
Pupulatinn 27G. 

Eavenswood, v.. Queen's co, N'. T. : on the East river, 
oppr)3iU' BlackwL'Il's Island, and about a, mile S. of Astoria. 
Stages from Millianisluiri; pass tlirough it several times a 
day. and steamboats from ^New York stop at the landing. 
Top. ab.iutSiiO. 

Rawlingrihtrg, p. v., Eockinijham co., X. Car.: S4 m. 
N. W. Ealeish. 

Eawlingsvili.e. p. v., De Kalb co.. A7<r.: on Y.. bank of 
"S\'ill.-4 cr. of Coosa r., 149 ni. N. by E. Jilontgoniery. 

Kawlin's Station, sta., Hampshire eo., TY/v/. ; on the 
line of itie Baltimnre and Ohii> K. E., l:.! m. S. W. Cumber- 
land, and 192 m. from BaUini'ire. 

Eawlinsville, p. v., Lancaster co., renji.: 41 m. S. E. 
Ilarrisburg. 

EAv^■so^■^^LLE, v., Fulton Co., y. T. : nn Fonda's Bush 
cr.. ^(i m. N'. W. Albany. It contains several factories, and 
about 500 inhabitants. 

Bawsonville, p. v., "Wayne co., JificJt.: Gl m. E. S. E. 
Lansing. 

Bay county, Jfo. Situate toward the N. W., and cnu- 
tains 503 sq. m. Drained by Cmoked r. and its K. and \V. 
fiirks, and by other small streams, all flowinj? into the 
Missouri, wbich forma Its S.boundar}'. Surface nndulatiiii;; 
soil very ferlile, and produces in alnindanee corn, wheat, 
fruits, ele. Tobacco is grown, and there is some fine tim- 
ber land. Limestone abounds. Farms S38; mnnuf. 3il; 
dwell. l,4oT. and pnp.—wh. S,s34, fr. col. 25, si. l,514^totaI 
10.373. Cdpital : Biehmond. 

Bay. t. and p. o., Macomb eo.. .V/<?i.: '=^3 m. K. Lnnsimr. 
Drained by N. branch of Clinton river, which atTords water- 
powi-r. Bop. 1.232. 

Bay Centee, p. o., Macomb county, Mich.: S3 m. E. 
Lansinq;. 

BAVMK:RTO\rN', p. o., Benssclaer co., 2^. Y. : 20 m. N. E. 
All)any. 

Bavmoxp, t. and p. o., Cumberland county, ^f<'. : 44 miles 
S. \V. Augusta. Sebaiio pon.l forms iLs S. Vs. boundary. 
Chiefly devoted to agricultural pursuits. Bop. 1,142. 

Bavmond. p. v., and cap. Hinds co., Jfiss.: on a small 
branch of Pearl r., 14 m. "W. by S. Jackson. It contains a 
court-house, several stores, and is a centre of some tra<le. 
A branch of the Vickiburg, Jackson, and Brandon R. B. 
comes up to tbe village. Pop. about 5'to. 

Raymond, t., p. o., and sta., Bockinglian\ co., A^. Umnp. : 
23 ni. S. E. Concord. Drained by Lamprey river and its 
branches, on which the soil is productive. The Portsnioulh 
and <;oneord B. B. passes through the t., 23 m. from Ports- 
mouth, 24 from Concord. Pop. 1,256. 

Baymosd, 1. and p. o,. B.tcine ro.. Whc. : 75 m. E. by S. 
Madison. Drained by branch of Boot r. Pop. S2ii. 

BAVMOxn's. p.o., L'nion co., Ohio: ;j| m. N.W. ('tilumbus. 

Raymondvillk, p. o., St. Lawrence county, A'. Y. : on W. 
side of Backet r.. IflO m. N. N. W. Alliany." 

Baynuam. t.. Bristol county, JAw.v. .• 2^ miles S. Boston. 
Drain'-<1 by Taunton river, whi'-h forms its S. bordir. and 
affords water-p')wrr. Surface level ; 8i)il light. The first 
forge in the United States was erected in this town in 1G52. 
and iron to a considerable amount is still mamifactured. 
Thi*re are also in tho town several grist and saw mills. 
Pop. L541. 

Uav\ortowx, v., Queen's co., K, Y. : ctx\ the S. post-road 
of Long Island, W. of Loft's cr.. 23 m. from New York. It 
contains a Presbyterian church, 3 mills, and about ino in- 
habitants. There is a fine view of the ocean from the 
village. 

Ray's Fork, p. o., Scott, co., ff>/. ; 18 ni. N. E. Frankfort. 

Bay's Hii.l, p. 0., Bedford county, Penn.: 77 m. W. 
Harrisburg. 



Baysville, p. v., Henry co., Ind.: on W. side of Blue 
river, 32 m. E. Indianapolis, on line of Indiana Central 
B. R. In the vicinity ia fine and well impruved water- 
power. 

Baysvtllk, p. v., Columbia co., Ga. . on S. side of Litlle 
r., 62 m. N. E. Milledgeville. 

Baytow.v, p. v., Taliaferro co., Ga. : 46 m. N. E. by N. 
Milledgeville. 

Ravville, p. v., Lawrence co., Jli'^ss.: 44 m. S. Jackson, 
Drained by a creek of I'earl river. 

Raywick, p. v., Mariim co.. A''/. " "n N. sitle o( Rolling 
fork of Salt r.. 51 m. S. W. I>y S. Frankfort. 

BEVDFrELT), t. and p. o.. Kennebec co., /)/-'. ; 9 m. "W. by N. 
Augusta. This is a fine farming t., with fertile soil. It has 
a large pond in its S. part (lying partly in Winlhrop), and 
another in its W. part. The Maine Wesleyan Seminary, 
ine<(rporated in lV22, is here located. Pop. 1,9>5. 

IIeiuteld Depot, p. o., Kennebec county, Jfe. : 11 m. 
W. by N. Augusta, and by Androscoggin and Kennebec 
Baiiroad, 59 ni. from Portland. 

Bkai'ing, t, p. v., and sta.. Middlesex co., J/a-w. : 12 m. 
N. Bi>ston. Drained by Ipswich river. Surface diversified; 
soil generally good, and in some parts excellent. The 
manufacture of iron, shoes, chairs, and cabinet-ware is ex- 
tensively prosecuted. Tbe Boston and Maine B. R. passes 
througli tbe v., which is loratrd in tlie S. part, and tbe Sa- 
lem and Lowell B. B. crosses it in tbe N. I'op. 3,108. 

Reaptm;, t. and p.o., Hillsdale co,. ,V/e//.; 66 m. S. by W. 
Lansing. Surface diversified ; soil rich sandy loam. In its 
W. part is a long pond, from which flows Hog r. in N. N. E. 
course. Pop. !)5(i. 

Bkadt>-g. t. and p. o., Steuben co., X. Y. : 1(U m. "W. by S. 
Albany. Drained by small streams running into Seneca 
lake, which on the ]■'. forms its boundary. Surface elevated 
and rolling; soil clay and calcareous loam. The Canandai- 
gua and Elmira R. R. runs along the lake shore. Popula- 
tion 1,434. 

Readino. p. v., Hamilton co., Ohio : on E. side of Mill 
creik of the Ohio r., 1 m. E. of the Reading Lot-ks of the 
Miami Canal, 10 qi. N. by E. Cincinnati, S9 ni. S. W. by W. 
(.'ohimbus. 

Rkatiino. p. b., and cap. Berks county, Ponn. : on the E. 
bank of Sehuvlkill river, 50 m. E. Harrisburg. Laid out ia 
174S l>y Tliomas and Biohard Petm, jiroprietaries and 
governors of the province, and settled chiefly by Germans, 
whose descendants constitute a largo portion of its present 
population. The streets are spacious and straight, crossing 
at right angles. In a central square statuls a splendid 
courl-liouse, 200 feet long by 220 deep, having aii imposing 
portico with 6 columns of red sandstone — cost $59,ii00. Be- 
sidfs put)lie offices, are a jail, 3 banks— capital .^300.000, an 
acailcmy, female seminary, 3 public libraries, and 13 
cluirches. The Lutheran and the German Reformed 
churches arc large and handsome structures, with lofly 
spires, the former 201 feet liigh. Tbe natural position of 
Iteading. its facilities of communication willi the interior 
coal n-gion, and the sea-coast, and its highly industrious 
population, have made it the centre of an active trade and 
of extensive manufactures. The Schuylkill Navigation 
Canal, extending from Port Carbon in tlie anthracite coal 
region above Pottsville to Philadeli)hia. passes through 
Reading, and the Union Canal extends hence to Middle- 
town, on tbe Susquehanna. The Philaddphia and Read- 
ing R. B. (now extended to Pottsville) passes through the 
place, 58 m. from Philadelplda. A line of railroad is i>ro- 
jecteti to Harrisburg. There are various large inaniifaeto- 
ries. One anthracite blast furnace has an annual capacity 
of 3-500 tons, and produced in 1^40 3 250 tons, employing 
steam-power and 50 men. One hot-blast charcoal furn.ice 
has an annual capacity of 1..55M tons, using water-power, em- 
ploying 40 men, and [.roduced in 1S19 4."iO tons. One cold- 
blast charroal furnace has an annual capacity of 1,100 tons, 
employing 100 men, using water-power, and made in 1S49 

711 



REA 



RED 



89" tons. One forge, employing steam-power and 14 nn-n, 
has an annual Ciipat'ity of GDO tons. There are ;i cliari'^al 
forges, employing b'2 men; ami 2 rolling-millp, employing 
steam-power and '215 men, which made in 1S49 2.G(iO tona. 
The manufaelure ofliats for the southern and western mar- 
kets is a hirge bnsiness. A cotton factory, making fine mus- 
lins, produees about S.OOO yards daily. There are also large 
flouring-mills. a nail factory, breweries, tanneries, a pottery, 
lumber yards, etc. ^Vhite wines of excellent qmilily are 
manufactured. Reading is supplied with water by an 
aqueduct from a spring on Penn's Mount, conducted into 
a reservoir, and tlience distributed through the streets in 
iron pipes. Two fine covered bridges cross the Schuylkill, 
here 600 feet wi<le, one of wliieh cost $(10,000. Iron ore and 
limestone are fi-und in the vicinity. Water-power is fur- 
nished by the Schuylkill and Talpehochea creek. In 1S50 
9 newspapers were published weekly, of which 4 were in 
German, viz., " R. Eagle" (dem.), " Berks and Schuylkill 
Journal" (whig), " Berks Co. Press" (dem.), " People's Ad- 
vocate" (neuU), "Gazette and Democrat" (dem.). "Ham- 
burger Schnell Post" (neut.l, " Liberale Beobachler" (whig), 
" Der Geist der Leit" (dem.), and " Readinger Adier" (neiit.) 
The citizens of Reading are noted for their general intelli- 
gence and refinement, as well as for industrial enter])rise. 
Fop. in 1810,3.403; in 1820,4,832; in 1S30, 5,850; in 1640, 
8,410 : in 1S50, 15,T4S. 

Reading, t, Adams county, Perm. : 12 m. N. Gettysburg. 
Drained by Conewago creek and Muddy Run, a branch of 
Bermudian creek. Surface level ; soil red shale and slate. 
The V. of Berlin is on Conewago creek. The t. has several 
potteries, etc., and 1,2D1 inhabitants. 

Reading, t. and p. o., Fairfield co., Conn. : 47 m. S. "W. 
Hartford. Drained by Saugatuck and Norwalk rivers. 
Surface diversified : soil of average fertility. The v. is near 
the centre, and contains 2 churches and several dwellings. 
Pop. of 1 1.754. 

RcADisG, t and p. c, Windsor eo., Ver^yn. : 56 m. S. by E. 
Montpelier. Drained by branches of Black and Queechee 
rivers, and by Mill creek. Surface elevated and uneven; 
soil well adapted to grazing. Con8i<ierable manufactures 
carried on, but the chief occupation of the people is farming. 
Pop. 1,171. 

Reading, p. v., Livingston county, JIL: 97 m. N. E. 
Springfield. 

Reading Centre, p, v., Steuben county, Jf. Y.: 107 m. 
W. by S. Albany. 

Reading Ridge, p. v., Fairfield county. Conn. : in the E. 
part of t. of Reading. 46J m. S. W. Hartford. 

Readington. I. ami p. o.. Hunterdon co., y. Jei\: 22 m. 
N. Trenton. Drained by S. branch of Raritan r., and by 
Rockaway r. au'l branches. Surface, except in llie S. W., 
hilly ; soil red shale, clay, and loam. It is crossed by the 
New Jersey Central R. R. 2S m. from Easton. and 34 m. 
from Elizabethlown. The villages of White House, Me- 
chanicsville, etc., are in Rcadinglon. Pop. 2.S"iG. 

Readsboro', L and p. o., Bennington co., Vi^nn.: lOCm. 
B. by W. Montpelier. Drained by Deerfleld river and 
branches. Surface mountainous, and much of the land unfit 
for cultivation. Pop. 857. 

Readvillk, sta., Norfolk co., Mass. : on the Boston and 
Providence R. R., 8 m. S. Boston. 

Readyville, p. v., Rutherford co., Tejin. : on Stone's r., 
a tributary of Cumberland r., 3t) m. S. E. by E. Nashville. 

Reamstown, p. v., Lancaster co.. Perm.: on E. side of 
branch of Conestoga cr., 39 m. E. by 9. Ilarrisburg. 

Reaville, p. o., Hunterdon co., iV. Jer: : 25 m. N. N. W. 
Trenton. 

Rebecca FrnNACE, v., Bottetourt co., Yirg. : on a branch 
of James r., navigable for boats of 5 or 7 Ions, 8^ m. to the 
works. There is a white sulphur spring in the vicinity. 

Rebeesbubo, p. v.. Centre co., Penn.: on a branch of 
Penn's creek, and N. of Brush Mountain, 55 m. N. N. W. 
Harrisburg. It contains about 200 inhabitants. 

Til' 



Recklesstown. p. v., Burlington co., K.Jer. : on N.side 
of Horner's cr., 10 m. S. by E. Trenton. 

Rector's Cross Roads, v., i'auquiur connty, V'trg. : 95 ra. 
N. by W. Richmond. 

Rectortown, p. v., Fauquier co., Yirg. : 1 m. S. Goose 
creek, an<l 96 m. N. by W. Richmond. It contains several 
flonring-mills and stores, and a church. 

Red Bank, p. o., Lawrt-nce county, Ark.: 1 ra. N. from 
Spring r., 114 m. N. N. E. Little Rock. 

Red Bank, p. v.. Montnouih co,, A^, Jt^/\: on S. bank of 
Nevisink r., 3G m. E. by N. Trenton. This place is much 
resorted to in the summer, and a steambcctl runs between 
it an<l New York several titnes a day during the season. 
: ea air, fi.>hing. and rural sports are the atlraetions. The 
North American Phalanx have a setllement near this vil- 
lage, respecting which, and otlier societies of a like nature, 
the fallowing letter from Charles Sears, secretJiry to the 
association, will prove of great interest and value to in- 
quirers : 

The North American Phalanx, » 
?ieic Jersey, April 13, 1S53. f 

Dear Sir — T received your letter of 9lh insL, and, in 
accordance wi'li your suggestion, inclose herewith a sum- 
mary statement of our aims, organization, and statistics. It 
is brief as I could well make it. Ours, I believe, is the only 
.association in this country or in the world that !idoi)ts Fou- 
rier's fornmla of organization. A good many similar at- 
tempts have been made, but hitherto witliout success. 
Tliere are other forms of association in this country, and 
those within my knowledge are : 

Ilopoihtle Communitijy in Milford, Mass., Rev. Adin Bal- 
low, leader. This is a non-resistant Christian fraternity, 
having many interests in common, and some separate in- 
terests. 

Paritnn Bay Union, near Perth Amboy, New Jersey, is 
about org.inizing this spring. This body propo.ses to asso- 
ciate capital, and when expedient or desirable, they will co- 
operate in(histrially. George B. Arnold, resident director, 
Perth Amboy. 

Modem Timeft, Long Island, 40 miles from Brooklyn, 
Josi.ah Warren, leader. This is an attempt to organize, or, 
ratlicr, to institute justice upon a scientific basis, viz., " In- 
dividual Sovereignly," recognizing competition, and repu- 
diating institutions, government, etc. 

The German societies, such as ihe Ebenezer Societt/, near 
Buffalo, New York; The Society at Zoat\ Ohio^ under J. 
Bimeler; Uapp's Society^ at Economy, on the Ohio, near 
Beaver. Penn. I believe these societies differ from each 
other, but I am not familiar with their distinctive principles. 

The li-arianji, at Nanvoo, Illinois, under Cabet. 

The Prrfc'ctioituU^ Hi Oneida, New York, J. II. Noyes, 
leader. There are a number of these Christian communi- 
ties, claiming a scientific as well as a religious basis of or- 
ganization, and of all of which I believe that Mr. J. H. 
Noycs of Brooklyn, New York, is the acknowledged head. 

Finally, The Shakers, who also are now in the field a3 
propagandist reformers. 

I had forgotten to mention a society oT Spintualists^ that 
went out last year under the direction of Rov. T. L. Harris, 
late of New York City. This place is called Mountain 
Cove, soQiewhere in Western Yirginia. 

I am very respectfully yours, 

CuAKLES Sears, Secretary. 

R. S. FiSHEB, Esq., Brooklyn. 

The North American Phalanx Association, 

Movmonth Coiintij, near lied Bank, X.Jer, 
This Association w.-is organized, not for the purpose of 
correcting any special form of evil, bHt to Institute Posi- 
tive Rights; which, being accomplished, wrongs, conse- 
quently cease. 

Those who have been active in establishing this Institu- 
tion, believe with the associative school, that existing civil- 



RED 



RED 



ization, as wt-ll as the I'crms of society lliat precfdcil it. are 
phases in (he growth of the Human ll.u-c ; jiml that the 
present antagonism of interests an»i oili'-r disonliTs are, in 
turn, to be snpcrscduii liy Organic F'<)i:.ms of Sucikty. in 
which Men. WnnnMi. and OhiMren shall, by the force of 
Society, be eslablislied in p(«session of llie lii-iht of Labor 
and the thiits thereof— a Home ; Bueial Culture; and a 
Practical EducaMon in the AlTairs <>f Life. The general 
purpose of the Afwoeiation is expressed in the fiTinuIa of 
Fourier as follows: Unity of Man with Goi>, with Na- 
ture, AND WITH Man. 
Of practical Institutes, the following; formula ia adopted : 

Joint Stock I ^, .., _ ,. T 1 j Association 
' I of Knniilii-s; 



rmpiTtv; K''^»P^"''-'^t'*'t^I^"'^^^'';-; 



Kquilahle j j^^^^^^^j , Honors 

D.slnbunon^ Guarantees; 1 according 
oll'rotils; I ( (o U>etidne83; 

Inlegral l-Mucation ; Uuily of Hitcrests. 

The Association organized in ISiS. Its domain consists 
of 673 acres of rolling land, upiin the Gn-ensand Belt in 
Monmouth County (near ltd Bank), New Jersey, about 40 
mUes south of New York. The present population is aliout 
loU persons. Agriculture in its various hranelies is a lead- 
ing industry. Milling, and some mechanical branches, are 
also carried on. 

In organization, the serial form is adopted, and the fol- 
lowing are the principal departments, viz.: 



The Agricultural Serie 
" Stock " 

" Mechanical " 



The Domestic Serie 
** Manufacturing Serie 
" Festal '' 



And within the past year the Educational Serie has been 
organized, in which it is proposed to Educate the young 
Integrally, that is, to develop the boflily po\vi-rs, the alTcc- 
liniis, and the intellect; and not to limit our Kducalional 
efTorts mainly to the culture of the intellect, as in the 
current method of Education. 

April, 1S53. 

Kkd Bank, t.. Clarion co., ppiin. : 140 m. N. "\V. by "W. 
Harrisburg. Itraiiied by Ked Bank, Malioning. and Braver 
creeks. Surface rolling; soil fi-rlile loauL Alum is found 
in ilie t. and several inanufuctories are carricil on. Popu- 
lation 3.276. 

Ped Bank FintxACE, p. o., Armstrong co., Pfiin. : 134 m. 
"V\'. N. W. Harrisburg. Here is a charcoal cold-blasL fur- 
nace, which produces annually about 2,0()U Icms metal, and 
gives employment to IDO men. 

Red BiJ*KS, p. v., Marsliall co., JfUs.: 174 m. N. by E. 
Jackson. 

Red Beach, p. o., Washington co., J/i-. ; 114 m. E, N. E. 
Augusta. 

Red Bluff, p. c, Marion district, S. Cur. : 85 m. E. 
Columbia. 

Red Bluff, p. o., Wythe co., Virff. : 203 in. W. by S. 
Riclimond. 

Red Boiling Springs, p. o., Macon co., Ttun.: 43 m, 
E. by N.Nashville. 

Red Bridge, p. o., Ulster co., iV". T. : 50 m. S. S. W. 
Albany. 

liED Bud. p. 0., Randolph county, III. : 115 m. S. by W. 
gpringfield. 

Red Bud, p. c, Ozark county, J/cj. ; on Bryant's fork of 
White r., 94 m. S. Jefferson City. 

Red Cedar creek, Mhu). Ter. : in Wasliington co., flows 
S. E. into St. Croi,x r., in lat. N. 45^ 45'. 

Red Ceiiau lake. Minn. Ter. : in N. E. comer of Benton 
county, connected by an outlet with Mississippi river. 

Red Cedar bike and river, Wiitr. ; the lake in N. W. part 
of the county is the most S. of a chain of lakes, forming the 
source of the river, which flows S. by W. about 70 ni., and 
empties into Chippewa river. 

Ri;d Cedar river, Mich.: rises in Living'lon co., flous 

S4 



W. Iiy N. tlirongh N. part r.f Inyliam co., an.l empties into 
Grand rivi-r. near Lansing. 

Red Clay, p. o. and sta., Murray county, G<i. : near 
Tennessee State line, on East Tennessee and Georgia R. K., 
15 m. N. Dalton. 176 ni. N. W. by N. Milleilgeville. 
Red Ckeek, p. o., Wayne co.. A'. 1' 
Redpington. p. v.. Jackson co., 7n'?. : 1 m. E. of E. fork 
of White r., ,V2 in. S. S. E. Indianapolis. 

Red Falls, p. o., Greene county, X. V. : 3'^ m. S. S. W. 
Albany. 

Ri:uriEi.n, t. and p. o., Oswego county, X. Y.: 124 ndU'S 
W. X. W. Albany. Drained by Salmon r. and its bnnehea. 
Surface undulating; soil a moist loam. ai:d adapled \o 
grass. Some snudl maiiufa'jlurcs are carried on. Popula- 
tion 752. 

Rekkoot river, Tom.: rises in N. IC. part of Oirion co.. 
flows in S. S. W. course through W. part t)f this and Dyer 
counties, and empties into Obion r., near its entrance into 
Mississip[ii river. 

Redeord, t. anti p. v., Wayne co,, Mich. : 71 m. E. S. E. 
Lansing. Drained by N. liraiu-h of Rougi- rivi r and its 
branches. Tlie v. is on W. Iiaiik ni ihe river, which affords 
water-power \i!*ed by saw-niills, etc. Po|). of 1, 1.645. 

Redfori), p, V,, Clinton cc)., X }'. ; on^N. side *>f Saranac 
r., 136 m, N. Albany. Iron ore is al»undaiit in ihe vicinity, 
and in the v, are glass-works, and about IM) inha!)il:mt9. 

Red Hill, p. o., Marshall county, Aht.: l;;5 miles N. 
Montgomery. 

Red Hill, p. o. and sta., Murray county, fjii.: on East 
Tennessee and <Je'>rgia R, R,, 'J miles N. Dalion, 169 miles 
N. W. by N. MilK-dgeville. 

Red Hill, p. v., Grainger county, Ttiui.: 174 miles E. 
Nashville. 

Red Hill, p. o., Hardin county, Kij. : 70 miles S- W. 
Frankfort. 

Red Hill, p. o., Kershaw dist., S. Car.: on E. side of 
Catawba r., 29 in. N. E, by N. Cobnnbia. 

Red Hill, A', llanip. : a summit a little N, of Winnipis- 
cogee lake, and commanding an extensive and fine view 
of the romantic scenery of the region. 

Red Hook, t. and p. v.. Duchess co., K. Y.: 4-1 m. S. 
Albany. Drained by small streams flowing into Hudson r., 
which bounds it on llie W. Surface rolling ; soil elay and 
loam. There are two landings from the river, called Upper 
and Lower. The v. of T'pper Red Hook is about 4 m. back 
from the landing, and contains a church, an aca'lemy. seve- 
ral stores, and oU'i inhabitants; and that of Lower Red liook 
about 3 m. from tlie lower landing, and is a somewhat large 
settlement. There are other villages in the town, of which 
Tivoli and Barrytown on the river and railroad are tlie 
largest. Factories of various descriptions are established in 
the villages. Pop. of t, 3,26:?. 

Red House, p. c, Charlotte co., Vlrg.: 74 m. W. S. W. 
Richmond. 

Red House Shoals, p. o.. Putnam co., Vinj. : on Kan- 
awha r.. 255 m. W. N. W. Richmond. 
Red Jacket, p. o., Erie co., X. Y. : 256 m. W. Albany. 
Red Land, p. v., Pontotoc co., Miw. : on T.oi. baton cr., 
9 m. S. Pontotoc, and 141 m. N. E, by N. Jackson. 

Red Land, p, o.. Bossier parish, /.(/.; 214 miles N. W. 
Baton Rouge. 

Red Lion, bund, and p. o.. New Castle co., lirl. : 32 in. 
N. by W. Dover. The hund, contains an area of 13.9n0 
acres. Drained liy Red Lion creek, on the N. si<le of which 
and on the New Castle and Freneblown R. R. is situate the 
v. of Red Lion, w hich derives its name from Ihe principal 
tavern. The hund. is strictly a farming country, and c<m- 
tains about 1,600 inhabitants. 

Red Li n. p. v.. Warren county. Ohio: 73 m. W. S, W. 
Columbus. It contains several mechanic shops, and about 
200 inhabitants. 

Red Lion, v.. I'urbngton CO., X. Jer.: 4 m. S. of Rancocus 
cr., and 22 m. S. Trent* tii. 

713 



iu:n 



REE 



Krpmxs. IV *>., .laok«m couuly, AixK : 167 railw N. 
MonIi^*nu'^y. 

i;»u Muus jv <v. l^ltn^m c<\, X. Yi: ou n branch of 
OMon r.. ^ in. Sn AU>«ny. 

1;ki> \K>vxm [v *,x, Ueiulorson co., TVnit, ; 97 lu. W. S. "W. 
KashvilU\ 

Kki» NU^rxT.vix. p. o., Orango co., -V. Ttir. : SS m. N. W. 

);ki» Oak. p. o., Fayolto county. Go. : S5 m. "W. N. "W. 
MilK^^J^'vil^^ 

IvKit Oak» p. a, Ellis «v, Tlw.; 1(* m. X. X. K. Aiwlin 
City- 

Kkp Oak Grovb. Buritn^ton w\* .V. Jer', 

Kko Oak Orovb» p. iv, Charioltc co., Ti/v* -' tS m. S, W. 
EiohuiMnt. 

Kki^ TuviN-si, pw 0., Tavikiu «»., X Orr. ; 115 m. "VT. by N. 

Kki» K»vkr cmmly. Test. Sitiiato N. E,, and ivntains 
1.In13 i^i. m. KiHl river fi>n«s it* norlhoni Knmtiary, by 
bnuu*hi*s of whieli an*l of Sulpluir f>>rk of Ki\l rivor it i* 
draiiu-^t. Svirfeco uiuUtUittnj; and Oivor^it^iM ; Ml tVrlilo 
and a*lapttHl to ci*tiou ami civn. It i» well timlvtvil. Farm* 
16<.» : manwf. 7 : d\voll. 42t\ and |m>j\— wh. 3,49;1» ft*. o\^l. 7. 
5^1. l,H>tV— Uiial ^IHHV Oti'itat: ClarksvllUx 

1;ki> Kwkr, p. o., KolH'rtsou cvnmiy, 7W»h.: Si^ m. N. 
Ka>hvilK\ 

Uko Tivor. /.*»., ArSr,^ ffi\ : i* tho flrst larsp? r. which enter* 
the Missi*s.ii>|M »h»^%%> its month. It rl^"* at the l*ase of the 
ran^^^ of K<x>ky Mountains, m»ar S«nta K6. in Mexici\ and 
te fUrn\e*l by several main branches. It nnvive* several 
lari^' tributaries* the principal iH-injr Ulue r. and Fal^c Wa- 
shiiM. The S, !v\nk lorm* for a srrt\M distatuv the l>oin\dary 
Wtwei't* the r. :^ territories anvl Texas. A ^rvater |v»rt of 
Its CHirse is thr\ntgh rieh prairies of a r^n! soil, whi^'h eolors 
the wrttiT of the r„ and has Invn the i^i.^in of its name. 
Its slum's arv^ iwer»\l with grass, and aNMUul with jn*aiH^ 
vini^s.. whieh pr\>*luce an ex^vllent tVuit. ANnit ItK* ni. alH>ve 
J*av»hitwhes vxnntnonei*s what is denomiiiaiM the Hall, 
which <vn*ysts vtf a swawpy ex\ia»siiMi of the r., to the width 
of :^> or SO m., and lens^th of 60 or 70 ra. The r. divides 
into a crx'at nutnlvr of ehannols, niajiy of wtneh an* shallow, 
nnd have b<vn olvjumet^nl by fiUlen trtvs. br\niglit down by 
fl«Hxls tVv»ni its up}>er i^arts. It\ s»^me places the raft iv\*ere<l 
the wlu*le r,. and had srass and willows grvnving on the 
altuvi.nl soil i\^lhvte*,l on it, an*l c^nihl e\^>n Iv erossixl on 
horscMck. ihmisrfi not withmit dans^'r. Ihu n\vve s»?nerally 
the r. »pi>w\nsl btMwcf n the masses of limlvr. At a ^'ai 
exiHMise this raft has Kvn sv^ t^ir remov^M by the l-niteil 
Statv-s owortmient that steamWxits \«is* thrvntsrh it. Invits 
tvMuetini^'s ^viss the raft by leavinsr the r, alwe it, in a 
channel which tlowu out of it into some neufhlHving lake 
atid tv^llowin* the »M\tlet of this lake nntil it joins the r,, 
lx'h»w tho rati. This raft has Khmi a s*'ri»M»s ol»siru\*ii\>ii, as 
4)|o r, would otherwist* Iv naviir«ble lv>r steamKvits 4»K> miK"!*, 
and the lands \mi its K^rvlors arv* hijchly fertile, and desirable 
for cult»vativM\ (l^r a s^^\U distant aKn-e the raft. lielow 
the raftx and 4 m. alnwe Xaehilocht'*, the whi^e vv^utne of 
the r. is airtin nnitM. but ver>- svH^n dividi^s into many 
channv'ls. and fills an itwmenst* nnu\lH-r of l»a\\vus and lakes 
that lie i^ralK'l t»> it. In its lowor jvart the uwiu channel 
of tho r, is narrower than alwe tho raft. 

IvKn lUvKK Ikv^s Wokk*, IV v.. Estill iw. Ky.: on S, side 
rf KvhI r.. W tn. K. S. K. Fraiikfort. lrv*n in abimdaiu'^ 
here and in vicinitv", and Wlvke^l sn^vessftilty. 

Ktn* KivKK LAsmN<K p, (v. IVint OvMip^n* par., la,: o« 
S. Ivauk of Ktsl r., 4* in. N. W. Patoiv KvHiov 

Usn KooK. p. o.. Marion c*\, /.»,: ^>n N. bank of Pes 
Mwncs r. i»* m. VT. by :n Iowa City. 

Uko K^vk. IV Ok. ViViJiur civ, TKr.. .* 341 m. X. E. Anslin 
City. 

Kko l^x'K, p. (V, Kainaey co.. JWuh. TW-, 

Km* SiuvAi^ p. a. Silkies cvv. X t\ir. : 103 in. W. :?. >V. 
Raleigh. 

714 



Kf.n S^CKiNO. p o., Polk connt.v, TVnN,: 18S in. S. E. by E. 
Nttshvillt\ 

Kko Siv^ne, t. and p. o., Fayette county, /Vfirt. .* l.V in. 
W. by S, Uarrisluir^. Praiiu\l by ertvks o( Mouoiiffshda 
r., whieh Nninds it on the W.. and atTi^rvls ;cvhhI waier-|H>wer 
Mills of various dt'scriptious are in o|><>raiion. On the r. is 
Krv^wnsville. a Hourislnn^ v.. Id m. N. W. Uuiontown. Fop, 
oft. aNnil 1.4i\V 

IvKn Sru-nvK Sprisos, p, a, Uardln co,, 7eN«,: 97 m. 
S. W. Nashville. 

ivKo Sr LnirK Spkixos, p. v., MonT\^ «v. Ytrff. : on Indian 
cr.. ISl m. W. Uiohmond. The waters of those and other 
neiijhN>riui: sprin?r^ are hifrhly r^Hnnnmend^sl for tvrtasn 
curative efllvis. "The apprvwch to tho villai^^" s:»ys ;i 
visitor. " Is N'anti(\ill.v rvnuantie and piciures*pu\ W'oudin^ 
his wa\* a^nlt\d a hiiih mountain, the traveler is for a nvv. 
inenl eharnuM out of his fhtiffue by the suddon view of his 
rx'slinsj-plaee, s^mte hundnvls of ftH't immoilialely InMieaih 
him. Conlinuiu;: the oireuitous dosi.'ent, he at length reaeht'S 
a raviuiv whieh vvuduets him, after a fow rasKc^l steps, 
to the entraniv of a venlant glen, summon Itsl on all sides 
by lofty monntjiins. The S. end of this enrhimtinj; \-sle, 
whieh is the widest j>f»rlion of it. is aNnit *Oti ftvt in width. 
Its Cvnirst* is nearly N. i\^r IW \-arxls. when it bcirins gradu- 
ally to t^Miiraot and chan^^e its dinvtion to the N. W. and W., 
nntil it terminates in a nanvnv |v»im. This K\nntiiVilly se- 
ehuUsl Tem|H» i< tho ch(vset» site of the vilhijM'. The S. 
portion, jnst at the Kase of the east and west inountatnsk ts 
that upm which stanJ the various eilitl^x'S for the aiwmmo- 
dation of visitors. These buildinirs an.* spacious and c^ni- 
venienlly arrans^Ml: the servants an* pnunp! and obislifiii; 
an*l the ^iW<< «i> Aii/<' is abund.^nily suppKuvl with ovcry 
thins that can tompl the ap^H'tite. The pnnnenades an» 
UvnUlfUlly einlH'llishvHl, and stnuUM fnmi the mid-day sun 
by Iara^' susiw maples, the nati^'os of the t\m*st." 

Kki> AViNM. p. i\, Wal^shaw eo., Minn, 7*u\ 

KKnwiM>K |v v.. .TetTorsi^n c«v. A' 1* .- on W". side of IndKin 
r..l^:J m. N. W. .Vll^any. It ctMilains sevt^ral mauufaeturing 
t>stablishments and aNntt :itK> inhabitants. 

KKnwix>ix |v »v, Graini^T vw, Ti****!. .' li^ in. E. Xashvtlle, 

Kkko island, Pulaski countj% Mrj;,: on New r. 1S5 m. 
W*. by !n Kiehmoud. 

Kkkiv I., Seniva cix, (Viio: S nv N". Colnmbu'^ Prainetl 
by envks of ^ndnsky and Hun^n rivors. Siiriaco oK-v uitvl 
and n>lliusr; sinl fertile. Fanning is tho sole ivcni»cnion 
purs^uiHl. l\»|v l,4i*4, 

Kkko Cr£kk, p. o., Kandolph county, X'O.tr.: 73 m, W. 
Kaloigh. 

llKK wKi-Ko, pk o., S,awfc CO., irkV. : oa E. l>ank of Baraboo 
r.. 4^ m. N. W*. Madis\^n. 

KrKivtKVRO, p. v.^WajTioc^v, (>**»».* ou E. si^Ic of Muddy 
f^vk of Walhondins; r.. Ti in. N. K. by X. Cv^Uirabus. 

Kkko's CoKNKt;^ jv a> Ontario cvuinty, ,V. K .• 1S6 m. TV. 
Albany- 

Kiau>V Ckkkk, p. o., L,nwn>neo co,. *4rh .* on Kcod's cr. of 
Strawlvrry r., !» m. X. N*. K. Utile Kiwfc. 

l^KKi'V Fkkry, p. tv. lIilUNw\>* i-vv. A' flirwjv : on E. sido 
i^Merrtmac r., ^ m. S, by F« Conivrxl. The Cono^nl K. R, 
(wsst'* this i^laeo 9 m. N. Nashua. A normal s^-h h4 t\'r tho 
tHluv'»ti»*n of t«\ehers, was eroctt\l hen* in li4?, at an e^- 
Ivn^'of^VVHX 

KKKi*\i 1>R».*>-B, p. a. Will county, //.'.; ISS m. N. E. 
Sprincttcld. 

RKsn's L-vxi^ratK p. o., "Wabashaw co., JViJtM. TVr, 

Rkko** Mills, p. o., Viut^Mi c^mnty. OM<k 54 m. S, S. E. 
Columbus. 

Kiusn's Si:TTLE>ncsT, jv a, Pauola county, r«w,,* 247 m. 
N. K, by K. .\nslin Oily. 

Kk^wvillk. MiAlin ov. iV.iH. ,* on Vr. side of branch of 
Kishishi*ViH\uil cr. of ,luuiata r.. 46 m. X. VT, Harrisliurir. 

Kkkotv^ws, ]v a, Semva i\v. <**«>: 77 hl X. Ov^unibus. 
IvKRin ISuANcn. jv a, Mvv*n* co.. A' 0*r. .• 4S lu. S. W, 
Kxteish. 



HEE 



RES 



Rki;i)v CiucKK, p. v., Joflorsoii co., Ga. : fi5 in. E. N. E. 
Wilk'dgcvilli'. 

1v1.:ki>y (..'ui!i:k, j). o., Marion disl., X ( '-//•. ; SO iii. K. by N. 

CuIlllIll'IlL 

Kkkky Uii'i-Li;, p. o., ^Virt oo., 17/t/. ; 2;J1 in. W. N. W- 
KlrhiiKinil. 

IvKiaiYviLi.E, p. o., Wirt county, Virff. : 232 in. W. N. W. 
IvU'hinonil. 

Ilici;i,i-unT, p. 0., Obion en., 7eiiv.: M5 in. W. Nnsbvillc. 

lli'-.Ki.V M ILL, uta., I'liluain oo., Jnrf. : on lliu 'IV-rru llmilLt 
and Uii-hinond U. li., 4S ni. W. by S. liuiiiumpolis. 

IIkkm'h Ckkkk, p. o., IJuiK'oinbo co., A'. Car: 'JIO m. W. 
KalciKh. 

JiiiKBic's Mill, p. o., Booiio co., I/id.: flO in. N. N. W. 
IndiaiinpoliH. 

Ui;koi:m, p. o., Pickens co., Ata.: on ii Hinnll lu'iinch of 
Litllo TiunliiKbt'o r., l'i:i in. N. W. by W. Mi)rilfcoriRTy. 

liKi'oitM, sUi., Kllinylumi W)., ^/Vf. .■ on tlio left t*i<lo of 
Ot'cH-clu'i! r. niul on tlm line of tlic (V-nlnil Uiiilroiui, :jO tn. 
ft*oin .Siivunmih mul l.')7 m. from Miili'ti{;c\illi.-. 

Ki;i-uoio county, 'Aw. Situate S. K., ami contains l.C-irt 
t(\. in. Driiincil I>y Han Anbuiio ;iinl Mission rivcrti and 
olIuTslrt-'ains, all flowiiij; inlo tin- Gulf on Uic K. 'J'Ik- (iau- 
dalnpii liirniH il.-* norllicrn boundary. Siirfaoo level, and 
plcasiinlly divir.sillcd; soil a deep black inoUl, frrlilf and 
\\vi\ adapted to ci'tlnn and sni;ar. ll ba?* cxi-clliril tindnT 
l.iiid. hi llic winter the prairies are llu- rew»rl of caiiur of 
diUcrmt Kinds, and the inhaliitanls deriv(! nuieb pnillt as 
well us pleasure iVuin Innilini;. Farms '21 ; inanuf. (»; dwelt. 
r.O, and |ic.p.— wli. 'JGD, fr. col, 0, ak 19— total 'Js8. Oipititl : 
Itefugio C. H. 

ItKirc.io, p. v., and cap. Ucfiipio co., 7\\i\: on K. bank 
of Mis,s|nn r., 141 in. S. by V. Austin City. 

liiioNiKit's Mii.i.s, p. o., \V:isliiiiL;loii county, Ohio: nn a 
branch uf Duck creek of the Ohio river, iih in. ]■:. by S. 
CoUnnbus. 

llKiioiioTit, p. v., Wilkes CO., G<i, : at the cross roads be- 
tween Lincuhitoii and Washington, 03 m. N. K. by N. 
Milk-.Itieville. 

Ur.noiioTii, I. and p. o,, liristol en., Af.iss\: :N m. S. by W. 
IJoston. Drained I)y I'alniei's r.. wliieli allords water-power. 
It is a liood fanniiip region, and contains also several oiaii- 
ufaclures. Top. '2,lo;}. 

ilrnoHoTn, p. v., I'erry county, Ohio: 4-t ni. K. P. V. 
Culunibns. 

Ui-uoHoTK, p. v., i:d<,'eneld dist., S. Cur. : C3 in.W. S. "W. 
Coliiiubia. 

KKimiiniir, p. v., Lunenburg co., Yirg.: (»■> m. S. "W. 
Richmond. 

i;KiMii:i:siiUi!o, p. v., Berks co,, Pevn,: ?,ti ni. E. N. V.. 
Ilarrislmrt;. It contains ii eUurcbcs, several stores, and .^iiO 
inhabitants. 

llr.iusm.T.fJ, p. v., Clarion county, /•(>»». ; on n creek of 
Clarion r., 140 m. W. N. W. llarrisburff. A small v. of 
pome 'jOD inhabitjiiits. Iron aboinid.s in llie vicinity. 

J'kihsvili.i:, p. v., and cap. Tatnnll co., (I'lt.: on W. sidi- 
of Great Ohoopee r., 101 m. S. K. Mille"l;xeville. It cnntains 
the county huiidin|;H, and is on the line of the i)rnjecfed 
Savanrndi and Albany Ii. Ii. 

IlKiiisviLu;, p. v., Albany co., K, Y.: 14 in. W. S. W. 
Albany. 

lliJiPSViM.R, p. v., Kockinf;bam county, N'. Car.: TO ni. 
N. W. by W. Kaleigh. 

Kkii.v, t. and p. o., Butler CO., Ohio: 09 m. \V. H. "W. 
(;'oluMd)Us. Drained by branches of Miami r. f^urfai-e nii- 
cvc-n ; soil fertile, producing an excellent qualily of wheat. 
Timber almndaiit in the t. and vicinity. Pop. 1,710. 

lU-.iNDKK.K, p. 0., Nodaway county, Mo.: IS!) ni. N. W. 
Joffeffton (^ty. 

KciNKHSitrita. v., Clarion co.^ Penn.: on nn aflluonl of 
Reil Hank cr.. 140 m. W. N. W. Ilarrihburfj:. The Iraiik. 
lin Iron-Work.'* are located here, and formerly eniplojed 
uboul bU hands and produced \,IW tons No. 3 metal. 



lti:iNiioMmvii,i,K, p. v., Luncaaler county, rcnn. : 80 m, 
K. H. K. Harrisbur^. 

I£i;is'n:itrowN, p. v., Halliinore oo., j^fi/. : about 8J in. K. 
Patap'-co r., H7 m. N. N. W. C<iluml)iii. Tho Wcstniitvster 
Turnpike parses ihroniih the village. 

Kiu.AV IIorsK. sla., Ilaltiinont co., JA/. .• on the IJidtimore 
ami SuHipiehanna U. K., at tlu' diverjience of the West- 
ndnsler Branch K. K., 7 m. N. lialtiniore. 

Km. AY II<u;hk, sla., llalliniore eo,, J/./. ; on thi» N. sidu 
of l'aliip.six) r., and (m llie line of the llalliniore and lUilo 
K. 11. , »l \\w divertrenco of the Washin^xlon iiraiieh K. U., 
II in. M. \V. Italliniore. 

llKi.ii-:, p. o., I'nla>*ki co., J/...; 4.*) m. S. Jelferson City. 

Ui:i.i-'s lli.tiT, p. o., Drew county, Ar/c. : Oil m. S. H. W. 
Lillleltock. 

Ui:min<:ton, p. v., Alleghany eo., I'ttni.: Ill m. W. by N. 
Ilarristiuri;. 

Kkmsmm, t. and p. o., Oneida co.. A'. )'. ; Sit in. N. W. by W. 
Altciny. Drained by lilaek r. and branches. Surfaee hilly ; 
soil ofavera^re fertility. The v. eoiJains ii ehurches, several 
stores and mills, "0 dwcHinf^s, and 4uil inhidjitants. PojiU- 
lation of t. 'J.4U7. 

Kkmck MiLi-s, p. o., La Knyelte co., ]if<p. : Jih m. \V. N.W. 
■JefT-rson Ciiy. 

UiiNKocK, p. o., Mor^'an county, ('/</.».■ OS in. K. .S. E. 
Columbus. 

IIi:nssi;i.aki{ county. A"". J'. Situate I'.., and contains 
020 wj. m. Drained by Hno.><ii- r.. ami Wynanl.^kill. and 
Poeslcnkill lb. win;,' into llinisnn r. on the W., and allonlincr 
in iheir eonr^e j^ood water priviir;,'es. Surfaee pleasaiilly 
diversilled with hills and valleys; soil fertile. Chief pm- 
"bicts, wheat, Indian corn, and juitaloe-H. It eontains souio 
minerals, and extensive slalo (pnirries; the product.-* of iho 
latter are used principally for rooflnt:. I-'arms 'J.tilJi) ; 
mauuf. 0;it); dwell. 10,l)7'A aiul pop.— wh. 7-J.:i;i:. IV. eul. 
l,ii'20— total 7;l,:iO:J. CupiiMl: Tmy. ]'uhliv \Vori,H : Hud- 
son liiver IJ. 11.; Albany and W. Stockbrldge U. U.; Troy 
and (Jreenbiish K. K. ; Tmy and Itostoii K. K. ; Troy and 
Uutland U. Pv., etc. 

Ki-:ns.sii:i,ai:u, p. v., and cap. Jasper county, Jml. : on 
InKpiois r., ilii m. N. W. by N. Indianapolis. 

pKNssr.i.AKu. v., Uensselaer co., N. Y. : Vi in. S. V,. Troy. 
It contains ;i ehurches, several stores and mcehanic shoji^, 
and r>i)n inhabiianls. In the vicinity there are abo nuinirous 
saw and f;risl mills. 

PicN'vHii.Ai.Kvn.Mc, t. .'lud ji. V.. Albany co., A'. Y. : 24 in. 
S. W.by W. Allmny. Drained by CaisMIl and Foxes creeks. 
Surfaee liilly; soil sandy loam, and tremrally fertile. The 
V. nil Koxes cr. contains 4 churches, an aca<lemy, a do/i'ii 
.Ht'Tes, iron works and machine shops, and other industrial 
eslablislnuenis, and about l.liiK) inbabitauK In the t. aro 
tanniTics, and numerous saw-mills, etc. Pop. .'t,0;ju. 

l.'Ki'ToN, p. 0., Clark county, Jnd.: S9 ni. S. by K. 
Indianapolis. 

Km-iuii.io, p. o., Surry co., A*: Car.: 120 ni. W. N. AV. ' 
Kalei^h. 

IlKi'iniur;. p. v.. Seneca co., Ohio: 7S m. N. ('ohimlnis. 

The Mad Kiver and Lake Krit- P. It. passes llironi,'li this 

place, ltd in. from Sandusky, and i2S from Dayton. 

Piuarui.M'AN, p. o., Darke co., Ohio: ll:j m. \\ . (Columbus. 

IvKi'imi.U'AN (liEovi;, ji. o., Halifax county, Viru.: \)-i in. 

W. S. W. Uichmonil. 

IlK-i'iinucAN Mii.iJi, p. 0., Fairfax co., Yir{/.: 91 in. N. 
Ilic'limond. 

lir-HACA, p. V. and e(a., Murray county, (>".: lOt in. 
N. W. by N. Miltedueville. The Weslrrn aial Athintic 
Ii. U. passes tho place, S.'i m. from Atlanta, mul r).') from 
ChalHiioo(;a. 

KusKKVAiioN, v., Krio county. A". )'. .' 241 m. \\. by N. 
Albany. 
Prsi'.KVK, p. o.. Miami co., TtuL : 70 m. N. Imlianapolis. 
Pi-sKiivK, p. o., St. Joseph's county, Mich. : 01 m. S. W. 
Lansing. 

715 



RES 



RHO 



EfisERVE, t., Alleghany county, Penn.: occu])ie8 the 
land at the cnnflueTicc of Alleghany r., with the Ohio 
!yni2: N. of Alleghany City. It has consideJ-able manu- 
factures. 

Ketrbat, p. 0., Franklin co., Virg.: 14S m. "W". S. "W. 
Eichmnnd. 

llEVELEK, p. 0., Scott county, Arfc.: 89 m. W. N. W. 
Little Ki»L'k. 

KExiuTitG, v., Essex co., Virg. : 46. m. N. E. Richmond. 

liEXFOUD Flats, p. o., Snratoga co., iV. Y. : on N. side of 
the Mohawk r., 15 m. N. N. W. Albany. 

Eevn'ai.e's Basis, p. o.. Niagara county,^ 5'; on the 
Erif Canal, 204 ni. W. Albany. 

Kev.voi.ds county, Jfo. Situate toward tlw S. E., and 
contains 705 sq. m. Drained by Big Blai:k Water r. and 
its branches. Surface rolling; soil fertile, and produces in 
abundance grain, wheat, fruits, tobacco, Indian cnrn. and 
pniatoes. Tliis is a splendid mining country, and contains 
many valuable minerals. It coulaitis also fine timber laud. 
Farms Uo : niaTiuf. — ; dwell. '2!>3, an<l pop.— wh. 1,S24, fr. 
col. (I. si. 25— total 1.S49. Capital: Lestcrville. 

EEYNuLnsBUBG, p. V., Fraukliu co., Ohio: on E. side of 
Big Lick cr., II m. E. Columbus. It contains several stores, 
mechanic-shops, etc The creek affurds excellent mili- 
power. Pop. 564. 



Keynoldsville, p. v., Tompkina county, N. Y.: 16i) m. 
W. by S. Albany. 

Reynoldsvili.e, p. V. JeCfcraon county, Penn. : IQl m. 
W. N. W. Harrisburg. 

liiiEA county, Tenn. Situate toward the S. E., and con- 
tains 349 sq. m. Teimeasee r. forms its western l)oundary, 
by l)ranches of which it is drained. Surface undulating, in 
parts hilly; soil ft-rlile. Farms 305; manuf. 2: dwell. 6S1, 
and pop.— wh. 3,951, fr. col. 2S, si. 4^36— total 4,415. ( tipital : 
"Washington. 

KuF-ATou-.s. p. v., Greene co., Tenn. : about 8 m. N. of 
Nolichuky r.,227 m. E. Nashville, 

Kuinp;beck. t and p. o., Duchess county, K. Y. : 50 m. 
S. Albany. Drained by Landtman's cr., a small sin am of 
Hudson r., wliieh runs along its W. border. Surface on the 
W. level, and on the K. rr)lling; soil very productive. The 
v., about 2 m. from the landing on Landtman's cr. has 
3 churches, an aca<iemy. numerous work-shops, stores, etc., 
and about 1,200 inhabitants. Pop. oft. 2.810. The Uudson 
RiviT B. B. runs on the W. ed^e of the town. 

BaiNEiiEUK Landing, v., Duchess county. N. Y.: on E. 
bank of Hudson r.,and on the line of the Hudson River E.K., 
53 m. from Albany, and 91 m. from New York city. The 
Albany steamlioats stop here up and down. The v. contains 
about 50 dwellings. 



THE STATE OF RHODE ISLAND. 

Rhode Tsi,ani> (or more properly Rhode Island and Providence PIati(atir»ns). although the smallest Slate of the Union, 
is cnn.siderably larger than many of the sovereignties of Europe, and in point of intelligence and productive powers, f;ir 
in adviinee of any American community of the same population. It is situated between 41° 22' and 42*^ 0:J' laltludes 
north, and In-tween 71° 06' and 71° 3S' longitudes west from Greenwich, or 5^ 24' and IP 5(1' i-ast from Wrkshiiigton. 
Massachusetts bounds it on the north and tiie east, the Atlantic Ocean on the south, and Connecticut on the wcsL About 
42 miles long, and in its greatest width 35 miles, it contains a land area of 1.3G0 square miles. 

The surface of the State is generally hilly and bn)ken, but nowhere does it present any elevation desenMng of the name 
of mount;iin. Mount Hope, in Bristol, the highest land in tlio State, is only 800 feet above the sea level. In Ilie 
neighborhood of Narragansett Bay, and on the islands within it, the land is more level, and at most exhibits but slight 
undulations. The rivers are little more than mill streams, w\ith courses of not more than 50 or (JO miles in lennrlh. and 
discharging an inconsiderable amount of water ; but as they descend from 200 to 450 feet, and are steady m their supidy 
of water, they furnish v:duahle powt-r. which is extenj-ivHy apphed to manufacturing purposes. The Pawtucket. the 
principal rivtr. rises in Massacliusctls, where it has the name ol Biackstone River, ami running south-east into this Slate, 
falls into Proviiience River, one mile below the city of Providence. There are falls of altout .5u feet descent four miles from 
its mouth— below the falls it bears the name of the Seekonk River. Providence River is f-irmed by the AVanasquiatucket and 
Moshasuck. two small streams which unite a short distance above the city of the same name. It falls Into the norihern 
arm of Narraganselt Bay. an<I is naviga'ole to Providence for ships of 900 tons. Pawtuxet River, rising t>y several 
branches,' and flowing east, enters Providence River, five miles below the city. It abounds with falls, which furnish fine 
locations for mills and manufacturing eslablishments, Pawcatuck River, formeil by "U'nml nnd Charles rivers, waters the 
south-western part of the Stale, and falls into Stonington harbor — in the latter part of its course it is ttie boundary between 
this State and the St:ite of Connecticut. 

Narragaiiselt Bay, a flue body of water, divides the State into two unequal proportions. It extends more than 30 miles 
inland, and is about 15 miles wide at its soulhrrn part, but a considerable porliim of this space is occupied by islaii'ls. Il 
communicates with the ocean between Pctinl -Judith on the west, and Seaconet Point on the east. The north-easiern ann 
of the bay is called Mount Hope Bay; the norlh-western arm Greenwich Bay, and the northern arm Provi<tenee Bay. 
The principal rivers falling into it are the Providence and the Taunton, the latter from Massachusetts. It affurds great 
advantages to ship naviwaiion, having many excellent harI)ors. and beitiff accessible at all seasons. Newport luirbnr. in 
the channel, between Canonicut and Rhode Island, is one of the tineet in the world ; the entrance is protected by For; 
■\N'alcott, on Goafs Island, and I'ort .Vdams, on IJhode Island— the latter a large stone castle of great strength. 

Rhode Island, lying in Narraganselt Bay, gives name to the State. It is 15 miles long, and on an average 3J miles 
wide, containing an area of about 50 square miles. Its climate is delightful, and the soil very fertile. Travehrs have 
called at tiie ■' Eden of America," and southerns have chosen it as a summer residence. Canonicut is a beautiful island 
to the west of Rhode Inland. It is aliout .'ieven miles long and one mile broad. Prudence Island lies to the U'lrth-t'ast of 
Canonicut, and Block Island about ten miles south-west of Point Judith. The latter is about seven miles hmg, and about 
four miles broad. The islanders derive tliL-ir support chiefly from ffaliing, but they have also htrge numbers of cattle and 
sheep, and produce cheese and butter of the finest quality. 

The climate of the whole Slate, influenced by the vapors from the Atlantic, is mild, though changeable, and in its 
general charncteristics is said to assimilate that of Great Britain. The seasons are more nniform than in the more 
northern parts of New England — the winters are sensibly milder, and ihe heats of summer are much modifled. Spring 
commences in March, and sunmier reigns from June to September. The bdter nionlli, and also October, have delr(;hirnl 
weather. Winter sets in with November, anii continues to the middle of March. The air is at all times pure, and the 
longevity of the inhabitants, as indicated by the census, is a true indication of its sahibrinus qualities. 

The mineral productions of Rhode Island are of little in)portancc. Some iron ore is found in different parts. Anthracite 
occurs, but although it has been pronounced to be of a good quality, little has been done to bring it into use. It is found 
chiefly in the same graywacke formation with the Massac h use tL's coal. Limestone abounds in the north-eastern section 
716 



RHODE ISLAND. 



of the State, and in these calcareous slialc. Tlic-re are some oxoellent quarries ot marble. Serpentine is also abllllflatlf, 
ami there are in various pl.irea extensive quarries ot' freestone. On the continental portion of the State the soil is 
generally a gravelly loam, which is tolerably a-rtili', but diflieuU of cultivation. The soil of the islands is slaty, yet they 
are ihe most productive and valuable lands in the Slate. There is very little alhivlni land. Pine plains are fuuiid m 
several low regiun't, but there are no exti-nt^ive fi>res(s. Oak, wiihnit, an<i ehcslnul, are the prevaitiiii^r growths. Kriiiis 
an>l euliiiary vegetables are i)rudueed in great perieclion, and in altundanee. Grain is grown in eonsiideraWIe quaniiiies, 
in relerenee to the area of the State, hut, on the whole, the lands are better adapted for grazing than for cereal agrieulture. 
lihode Island is divided into dve counties, the general statistics of which and the capitals of each in ISoii were as 
follows : 

C,.-,nt,e8. Dwell. Pnp. l^^^^^l 'J;^;';',[; CnpitMs. 1 C.,uu!,e,. Dw.l!. P..,- J'^ZI r_^""!; (^■I^"^"l8. 



Providence. V2,76\) . . 87.525 . . '-'.t6J . . SlU . . Pkovipknob 
Washington 2,891 . . 16,*50 . . 1,308 . . 9j . . Kingston 



Bristol 1467.. 8,514.. '200 .. 87 .. Bristol 

Kent 2,625 . . 15,0tiS . . 6S3 . . 90 . . E, Greenwich 

Newport 2,936 . . 20,007 . . 1,027 . . 63 . . Newport 

The whole number of dwellings in the State was, at the above ilate, 22.379 : nf t;imilies, 28,216, and of inhabitants, 
147,544; viz., whites 14t,000— maK-s 70.417, and females 7;i,5S3 ; Ir. col. .3,541— nudes l.Od'i. and frniales l.S-il. Of Iho 
whole population there were, deaf und dt/nih—wh. 61, fr. col. 3— total 61; W///o'— wh. 61, fr. col. 3— total 64; inifinu'— 
wh, 24S. fr. eol. 4 — total 252 ; and ij/iotlc—wh. 104. iV. col. 3— total 1))7. The numbi-r of fr.ie persona born in the United 
States was 124,299, the number of foreign birih 23,111, and of birth mdaiown 135. The witive population originated as 
follows: Me. 763, N. Hamp. 716, Verm. 459, Mass. 11,SS3, Rhode Maud li)2,611, Conn. 3,976, N. V. 2,055. N. Jer. 193. 
Penn. 447, Del. 50, Md. 365, Dist. of Col. 64, Virg. 191, N. Car. 76, S. Oar. 57, Ga. 6^ Flor. 2a. Ala. 13. Mis^i. 3S, La. 21. Tex. 
4, Ark. I), Term. 4, Ky. 19, Oh. 93, Mich. 22, Ind. 11. III. 15, Mo. 13, la. 9, Wise, 6, Calif. 0. Territories 40 : and Wxaforehjn 
population was composed of persons from — England 4,490, Ireland 15.944, Scoilaud 953. Wales 12. Germany 230. France 
80, Spain 14, Portugal 53, Belgium 2, Holland 12, Turkey 1, Italy 25, Austria I, Switzerland 3, UiiH>i:i 1, Heninark 15, Nor- 
way 25, Sweden 17, Prussia 5, Asia 1, AtVicit 9. British America 1,024, Mexico 7, Central Amt-riea 4, Si>uth Amei'iea 4, We.-^t 
Intlies 57, Sandwich Islands 3, and otlier countries 52. 

The following table will bUaw the decennial progress of the population since the first cen:*us of the State, taken by Uio 
United Stales authority : 



Cen^m 
Ye.iia. 

1790,... 


VVlntC! 
lVr«...is. 

.... 64,0SJ.... 


c 


n\mri Pfrso 


US, 


T,.tnl 

... C'l.lin.,, 
.,,, C9,1-2'J,,, 
.... 77,iKl.,, 

83,059.,, 

,... 97,199,,, 

105,1.30,,. 

.. .147.654... 


npcpnn.al Imre.ise, 


Freo. 
....8,469... 


.Slave, 
...953... 
.,,351... 
,.,103,.. 
... 4.? 


T.,lal. 
.,.4,421,,,, 

,,,3,6S5 

,.. 3,717,... 


Num.Tu-,il. Frr cf 


ISIO,... 


.... 78.3U.... 
.... 79,413.... 
... 9:v;'21.,.. 


....3.1M9... 
....8,.59S... 
....3,661... 


.,, 7,909 11,4 


1S80.... 


... 17,,, 


...3.'>73,,,. 


,., 14,140 17,0 


1350.... 


...I-H.IOO,... 


....3,554... 




....3.554.,.. 


,,, .3S.S24 3.^,0 



The general statistics of the wealth, produclions, manufactures, etc., of the State, according to the census of 1350 and 
other dueumenLs referring to the same period, are as follows : 

Occupied Lanffs, etc. — Improved lands, 356.437 acres, and unimproved lands, 197.451 acres — valued in the ngjrri'g.Ttc 
at !^17,u7o.S02. The whole number of farina in operation on the 1st June, IsoO, was 5,335. Value of fanning icnplements 
and machinery, $497,201. 

Liri'-iSfocK:. — Horses, 6,163 ; asses and mules. 1 ; milch cows, 23,693; working oxen, 3,139; other cattle, 9;^75 ; slieep, 
44,295, and swine, 19,509; in all valued at $1,532,637. In 1340 the stock consisted of 3.'i24 horses ami mules, ;m;.39I neat 
cattle of all kinds, 90,146 sheep, and 30,659 swine. 

/*/w/»(fe of Ajii/ixils.—^ynti], 129,692 pounds; butter, 995.670 pounds; cheese, 316,503 pounds; and the value of 
animals slaughtered during the ycjir had bi-en -'f;667.436. The wool returned in 1340 was 133.330 pounds. 

(Jrdin Cz-o/m.— Wheat, 49 bushels; rye, 26,4ii9 bushels; Indi;in com, .539,202 bu?*hels: oats, 215.2-12 busht-ls; barley, 
13,375 bushels; and buckwheat, 1,245 bu^liL-ts. Compared with the crops exhibited in the census of lS4u, the lollnwiug 
results are obtained; 

Crops. 1R40, 

Wheat 3,09S bushels 

Kye a4.52l '' 

Indian corn 450,493 " 

OaLs 171.517 " 

Barley 66.490 " 

Buckwheat 2,979 " 

Other Food <yopfi. — Peas and beans, 6.346 liushels; potatoes — Irish, 651,029 bushels, and sweet, bushels. The potato 
crop of 1339 amounted to 911,973 bushels. 

Jfi.scf^ddfieons tVopA— Hay, 74.S1S (in 1340, 63,449) tons; clover-seed, 1,323 bushels ; other grass seed, 3,7ns busluds ; 
hops, 277 pounds; flax, 35 pounds; maple sugar, 23 j)ounds; molasses, 4 gallons; beeswax and honey, 6,;>47 pounds; 
wine. 1,013 gallons, etc. Value of orchard products, $63,994. and of market-garden products, $9'^ .293. 

Ihnn.'-iiia'h'^ Mrinnfiu'tiires were produced in the year to the value of $26,495. The same class of goods returne.I in 
the census of 1340 were valued at $51,130. 

Moniifdctiuvs.—Tolal capital invested in manufactures, $00,000,000; value of all raw material, fuel, etc., consumed in 
the year, $00,000,000 ; monthly cost of labor, $000,OOm— male $000,000, and female $(iO,oii(i ; value of products for the year, 
$00,000,0110. The number of manufacturing establishments in op(.'ration wiiliin the State on the 1st .lune. 1350. was 1.1 14, 
distributed among the counties as .shown in the general table. t)f lliis number 153 were cotton factories, 45 woolen Vic- 
tories, 10 tanneries, and 21 engaged in the mamifacture of iron, namely, '.'ii in the manuraelure of castings and 1 in that 
of wrought iron. The aggregate capital invested in mnnufadures in l-^4ii amounl-.d to $10,096,136. 

717 



IS so. 
49 bu 


di 


■Is 


dfcr 

dec/ 


3.019 bu 

3,112 
S3.7<»4 
4;?,71o 
47,615 

1,734 


sh< 


ctir..' 
Is, or 
or 
or 
or 
or 
or 


9^1 

2' 1.5 
19.7 

71.6 

41.7 


percent 




.. ..5:>ll * •■! 




215.232 






i4 


lN^75 

1.24,5 




t?eci 

deer 


j^ 



EHODE ISLAND. 



In Ihe cotton manufacture the capilni emj)!oyed was $6,675,000; the value of raw material, fuel, etc., consumed, 
$3.^.579; and Ihe products for the year, 96.925,612 yards of sheeting, and 1,902.9SO poun<ls of thread and yam, valued 
at ^6.447.120. Cotton consumed, 50,713 bales, and coal, l:i,116 tons; hands employed, 10,S75— males 4.959 and females 
5,916 ; entire wages paid per month. $16S.93S— to males $92,282 and to females $76,656. The census of 1^40 returned 2U9 
factories and 17 dyeing cslJihlishmenta; capital, $7,326,000; hands, 12,086 ; and Talue of annual products, $7,116,792. 

In the wof)im manufacture the capital invested was $1,013,000; valno of raw material, fuel, etc., $l,46:>,9nO; products 
of tlie year, S.612,400 yards of cloth, 46,000 pounds of yarn, etc., valued at $2,381,825. Wool consumed, 4,ln;V:i70 pouud.'^, 
and coal, 2,032 tons; hands employed, 1,758 — males 9S7, and females 771 : monthly wjtges j)aid, $32.139— to males $2n,431, 
and females $11,708. In 184() (here were in the State 45 fulling-mills and 41 woolen factories; capital, $685,350; hands, 
961 ; and value of product^! for the year, $842,172. 

In fiimtericn tho; capital invested amounted to $42,900; vahie of hides and skins used, $40,615; hands employed, 38— at 
nmonlhlyeost of $8*29; skins tanned, 14,^61, and sides of leather tanned, 21,142, tngwlur valued at $75.o4o. In 1S40 
there were in the Slate 27 tanneries; capital $72,000 ; hands employed, 89; products— 1,534 aides of sole leather and 50,660 
sides of upper lea! her. 

Tiie ircm manufaeture is comparatively a small interest on Rhode Island. No manufactnres of pig iron are returned in 
the census of 1850. In Ihe manufacture of caatlngs the capital invested amounted to $428,800 ; value of all raw material, 
fuel, etc,, used, $258,267; hands employed, SOO — at average wages $29 63 per month; pig iron used. S.918 tons, and min- 
eral coal. 4,670 tons; castings made, 8..55S Ions, and other products to the value of $119,500; total v.ilue of products for the 
year. $72S,705. The capital invested in the mnnufacluro of wi'ougkt iron was $208,001); pig metal used, 3,ii00 tons, and 
mineral coal consumed, 6,000 tons ; value of all raw material, fuel, etc., $111,750 ; hands employed, 320, at wages aver- 
aging $2G per month; wrought iron made, 2,6.50 tons; v.ilue of entire annual products, $222,400. In 1840 there were 
5 furnaces in the State, producing 4,126 tons of cast iron, consuming 227 tuns fuel, and employing 39 men. The capital 
invested in the manufacture of iron in that year was $22,250. 

In the manufacture of jmilt and splrituom liquors, the capital invested amounted to $17,000 ; the number of hands 
employed was 9 ; and the consumption of barley, 12,500 busliels, and of hops, 6 tons; ale, etc., produced, 3.900 barrels. 
In 1S40, 4 distilleries produced 855,000 gallons of spirits, and 3 breweries 319,600 gallons ale, etc. ; hands, 42 ; and capital 
invested, $139,006. 

Among the manufactures of the Slate others than tho.se sperifled above, the most important are those of hardware, 
machinery, cutlery, etc. There are also considerable investments in the manufacture of jewelry, bats and caps, saddlery, 
paper, and in the various descriptions of mills. 

Jntennil Improvemeut''. — Khode Island has several excellent railroads and other Improvements. Tlie principal rail- 
roads are those connecting it with Boston and Worcester on the one han<i. and with the ports of Long T.^land Sound and 
Kew York on the other. The first comprise the Boston and Providence li. E. and the Providence and Worcester R. R., 
and the latter the Stonington R. R., the Providence, ITartford, and Fisbkill R. R., and the New York and Boston R. K., 
the two latier yet incomplete. The Blackstone Canal also extends from Providence to Worcester. The condition of these 
several works is shown in the " Appendix." 

Banks.—Xn September, 1S50, there were In the State C3 banking Institutions, the assets and liabilities of which at that 
date were as follows: (/.s^^^«— loans and discoimts, $15,492,547; stctcks, $151,277; real estate, $283,844; other investmenls, 
$l;j.461; due by other banks, $441,164; notes of other b.inks. $537,761; and specie, $297,661; and /m^/W/V,-;- capilal, 
$11,645,492 ; circulation, $2,553,865 ; deposits. $1,488,596; due other banks, $650,56ii ; and other liabilities, $133,733. There 
are also savings' institution.^ and life, fire, and marine insunmce companies In all the large cities. 

Foreign. Commerce. — The direct foreign commerce of Rhode Island, once considerable, is now comparatively of small 
amount, and relatively to its population and manufacturing Importance, very small indeed. Indirectly, its ('(umeetion 
with foreign countries is commensurate with its rank as a manufat'turiiig .State. It imports and exports chiefly through 
the ports of Massaehusetis and New York, to which it has ea.sy access by railroails and other me.ans. The value of the 
exports and imporls^for the year ending 30th June. 1S50, was, according to the treasury report, as foWows—^irporU : do- 
mestic products, in American vessels. $205,969, and in foreign vessels, $330— tolal value of domestic exports. $206,299 ; and 
foreign products, $9,966, all in American vessels— total value of all exports, $216,265— and imports: in American vessels, 
$251,708, and in foreign vessels, $6,595— total value of imports, $258,303. The statistics of navigation exhibit the en- 
trances and clearances thus : 



Kntinnnlity 
orsliifping, 

American 




Entered. 






Cle.ireJ. 






Tot.il. 




Vessels. 

mil ... 

.... 19... 


Tun*. 

... 17317 ... 
. . . 2.073 . . 

. .. 19,922 ... 

... 11.7'-i; ... 
. . 5..5S4 . . . 
. . 2,6U'2 . . . 


Crews, 
... S-2I .. 

... lis .. 

... 939 .. 

... 540 .. 
. . . 27:! . . 
... 126 .. 


Vessels. 

.... 94 ... 
. . . . 10 . . . 

.... 110 ... 

. . . . 50 . . . 
.... 4.S ... 

.... 17 ... 


•J.ins. 
... 1(!.770 ... 
... 1,70.5... 

... 1S,475 ... 

... 8,4,5- ... 
... 7,206... 
. . , 2,7,52 . . . 


Crews. 
... S83 . . 
... 99 . . 

. . . 932 . . 

. . . 40.3 . . 
. . , 402 . . 
... 127.. 


Vesseb. 
... 194.. 
... So.. 

. 229 .. . 

. 119... 
. 76... 
. 84 ... 


Tons. 
.. 34.017 ... 

. . 8.7*0 , . . 


Crews. 

. . . 1.0.54 
... 217 




.... 113 ... 

.... 69... 
.... 8.')... 
.... 17... 




Total 

ProvUlcncc. .. 

liristn! 

Kewport 


.. 3S,397 ... 

.. 20.24:3 ... 
. . 12,S00 . . . 
.. 5,354... 


. . . 1,871 

... 943 
. . . 675 
. . . 253 



—of this aggregate. Providence entered 69 vessels (11,786 tons). Bristol 38 vessels (5,534 tons), and Newport 17 vessels 
(2.602 tons); and Providence cleared 50 vessels (8,457 tons), Bristol 43 vessels (7.266 tons), and Newport 17 vessels (2.752 
tons). The total shipping owned in the State at the above date was 40,489 tons. The amount of registered shipping 
amounted to 26,068 tons, of which 21,497 tons were of permanent register, and 4.571 of temporary register, and of this 
5.V29 tons were employeil in the whale fisheries, and the reuniinder in the foreign trade. The enrolled and licensed ship- 
ping amounted to 13.722 tons, of which 13,178 tons were employed in coasting. I.'>5 tons In the cod fisheries, and 3S9 tons 
ill the mackerel fisheries, and 432 tons were navigated by steam. The licensed shipping (under 20 tons) amounted to 099 
tons, of which 360 tons were employed in coasting, and .339 tons in the cod fishery. Tt)tal registered, 26.063 tons; enrolled 
and licensed, 13.721 tons; and licensed, 699— aggregate tonnage, 40,^88 Ions. Owned in Providence district, 16.712 tons; 
in Bristol, 13.198 tons; and in Newport, 10,578 tons. Fourteen vessels, viz., 5 ships, 5 schooners, 8 sloops, and 1 steamer 
were built in the Slate during the year, and of these the burden was 3,5S7 tons— built at Bristol, 2,191 tons; ut l*rovidence 
1,299 tons; and at Newport, 95 tons. 
713 



RHODE ISLAND. 



The statisUcs of Ibe imports and exporls of Ilhode Island from 1T91-1S10 exhibit tlie followinj 

lm|icirl3. 



1792.... 


ea-'.Ka.. 


1793.... 


6Hi,4S-2.. 


1T94.... 


945,699.. 


1795 . . . . 


. . 1,222.917 . . 


17<)0.... 


.. 1,589,872.. 


1797.... 


975,630 . . 


1T9S . . . . 


917.S27.. 


1799.... 


. . 1,065,273 . . 


ISOO .... 


.. 1,823,945.. 


ISOl.... 


.. 1,832,773.. 


1S02 .... 


. . 2.433.3i;3 . . 


1803 . . . . 


. . 1.275,696 . . 


1S04 . . . . 


.. 1,73,5.071.. 


1S05 . . . . 


. . 2,572,049 . . 


1SU6 .... 


.. 2,091,835.. 


1S07.... 


. . 1.667,664 . . 


ISllS .... 


442.034 . . 


1RII9 .... 


.. 1,284.5.32.. 


ISIO .... 


.. 1,331,570.. 



l>,ir. 


E-xp'-rt3. 


IMl ... 


.. $1„571,424. 


1812 ... 


7.55,137. 


1813 ... 


236.802 . 


1^14 ... 


472.434 . 


1^15... 


601,183. 


IB16 ... 


612.704 . 


1817 ... 


950,407 . 


1818 ... 


.. 1,027,291 . 


1819... 


.. 1,281,4:;4. 


1820 ... 


.. 1,072,762. 


1821 . . . 


996,828 . 


1822 ... 


802,363 . 


1S23 ... 


933.114. 


1824... 


872,'<99 . 


18S5 . . . 


678,467 . 


1 ^26 . . . 


781 .,540 . 


1S27 ... 


804.1^7. 


IvJS ... 


722.166. 


1829 ... 


.SOl^.^Bl . 


1^30 . . . 


278,950 



1,1132,969 

1,884,144 

1,412,953 

1,388,336 

907.9116 

1,185,934 

l,241,.s28 

1,128.226 

423.811 

4-88,766 



t the foil 


owing movemcnls : 




Yenr. 


Exinnta. 


Im|.cirt,<. 


1831 . . . 


... $367.405.... 


^'62,161 


1832 . . . 


634,45:1 .... 


057,969 


1833 ... 


4^.\4sl .... 


1,042.'JS6 


1--34 . . . 


420,885 


427.1124 


1^35 ... 


290,fMt3 


697,713 


18.36... 


22S.420 


555.199 


1337 . . . 


48S.258 


5-':i,0lo 


1S33 . . . 


291.2.57.... 


G56,i;i3 


1839 . . . 


1S5.2.54.... 


612,0,57 


1840 ... 


206.989 


274,.534 


1841... 


278,465 .... 


,339.592 


1812 ... 


848.696 


823,692 


184;3 ... 


lo.-.,847 .... 


1.55.76S 


1844 ... 


2611.777.... 


269,4.37 


1845 .. 


191.1132.... 


274,330 


1846 .. 


224.364 .... 


210,489 


1847 . . . 


192.:!69.... 


30.5.4S9 


1^48 .. 


221,631.... 


351.590 


1849 .. 


178.1,52.... 


237.473 


1850 . . 


216,265 


258,303 



Govrnm^nt.—TJniil the year 1S44 the form of p;ovomment was tliat onlainei! by the .incienl roy.il cliiirtor, which wag 
orijrinally one of the most liberal granted to ttie American colonies. In that year a new cousUIution was l(»rnic-i.i and 
ratified by liic people. 

Kvery male citizen of the United States, rpsidetit in the State for the last past year, an.] in the town or city in whifli ho 
claims to vole, for the six months next preeeilintj an ili'clion, and ownin;j; rea.! estate in sui:h town or ciiy worth :*-l;U 
above all incumbrances, or of the clear yearly value of $", may vote for all civil "jfficers, and on all (|iu'sUi>iis in nil iciral 
town or ward meetings, or if the estate lie without such town or city, but within the State, he may volt; for all piicnil 
officers an«l mendiers of the General Assembly iii the town or city of which he is a resident, etc. No Narniijnnsctt Itulian 
can vote, etc. The general cleelion is held on the first Wednesday in Ai)ril annually. In all elections for Stale oflkers, a 
majority of TOtes is necessary to a choice. 

All Ifgidatiee poicei' is vested in the General Assembly, which consists of a Senate and House of Hcjircscntativr^— the 
former consists of senators, one from each town or city, and the lieuteiiant-ijovernor. The governor iiroiika Ihereiii (insd 
in his absence the lieutenant-governor), and has a casting vote only. The house consists of members iiol to excecii T'J in 
nimiber, elected in ratio of population, but every town is entitled to at lea>>t one representative, and not to more than twelve. 
The ct-nvention of the two houses is styled the Grand Committee, and is presided over by the president of the Senate. 
There are two sessions of the General Assembly every year, one at Newport, on the first Tuesday of May, and the other 
at South Kingston, on the last Monday in October, every two years, and the intermediate years alternately at Dristol and 
Kast Greenwich, and this session adjourns every year to Providence. 

The f.revntii-f'. authoritij is vested in a governor. If no governor be chosen by the people, the Grand Committee elects 
one of the two popular candidates having the highest nund)er of votes, and so in respect of the election of tin- lieutenant- 
governor. The governor has not the usual veto on the ads of the legislature, nor may he grant pardons, but e\ecpt in 
ca'^es of impeachment he has power to grant reprieves. If the office of governor be vacant, the lieutenant-governor, and 
alter him the president of the Sen.ite pro tempore, acts as governor. 

Erenj elector is qualiji^d to liohl the office for trhick he mtn/ he qnalijied to vote. 

Ju'licitd powers reside in a Supreme Court and Courts of Common i'leas. The Supreme Conrt consisU of a chief 
and three associate judges, who are appointed by the Grand Committee, and liold office until they are removed by a reso- 
lution of two-thirds of both houses. On this court alone may chancery powers be conferred. The Coiirty of Common 
Pleas, formerly held by a judge of the Supreme Court and two associate juslices, elected for each ct)unty, are now held by 
a Supreme Court judge sitting alone — the associate justices of that court dividing the duty among themselves. 

'T\u\/inaucial st<it<^iiient of the treasurer, for the year l<-I9-50. exhibits the receipts into the pui'lic treasury at $101,019, 
and the expen.litures at $161,414— excess of receipts, .$235. The chief sources of income are, the hank tax ^;i;'.,H(i'.t, the 
State tax $17,0S4, public deposits $34 32ti, etc. The principal expenditures are those for executive, legislative, and judicial 
SUfiport. and several amounts paid for the support of schools, etc. Properly speaking, Rhode Island has no publie lU-bt. 

The Stiite iiiilitia, in ISSO, consisted of an aggregate of 15,0:^7 men of all arms, of which 71 were commissioned officers, 
and 14,906 non-commissioned officers, musicians, artificers, and [irivatis. of the commissioned officers f> were general 
officers, 16 general staff officers, 30 field officers, etc., and 19 company olli-'crs. The governor is e;n ojfirio connnandiT-in- 
ehief, an<l all persons between IS and 45 years of age, except those excused from military duty by l:iw, are suliject to 
enrollment. 

The State, within its own borders, has no institutions for the support anil education of the deaf and dumb, and blind ; but 
an annual aj) propria! ion is made for these purposes, amounting to $2,r(n0, which is expended in furnisliing facilities tor 
such alllicled persons in the institutions of the adjoining States. The insane are provided for in the liutler Hospital for 
the Insane, at Providence, and the 1st Jan., is.M, there were in the establishment 113 paticnt.s— 50 mules an<l 03 fenndes. 

Fe'ieral represmtation.—\n accordance with the law of the 2;;d May, ISdD, apportioning representation, Khode Island 
sends tiLO members to the National Congress. 

Edm-ation — The school fund proper, which is invested in bank stock, amount.^ to $,51.3ni): and besides the int-Test on 
this sum, the following are appropriated to the support of conunon schools: the interest of the State's part of the U. S. 
deposit fund, and the proceeds of the militia commutation tax collected in the towns. The whole nmnber of school dis- 
tricts in the State, in IS.'jO, was -3.32, of which 231 owned school-lionses. There had been expcnde.l on sdiool-houscs, in 
tlic last past six years, $143,254. Number of persons under lo years of age. 47.S.^T ; number attending school, 24.4-12, and 

vcrage attendance, 13,1S2. Number of teachers, 509— male 239, and female 270. Moneys received from public funds in 

719 



RHODE ISLAND. 



1S50, iU.iUS 71 ; and raiseJ by towns, »6n,332 70-total, $96,913 54. £.xpen<lc.l n>r schools, .$95,-291 16, anil for school- 
hnusra, *19,ll70 SI. In June, 1?61, Ihc school laws were revised and consolidated, and in many resi)ects much improved 
Academies, grammar, and other private schools, are numerous. The chief collegiate institution of the .state is Urown 
University Oiaptist). at Provi.lence, founded 1704. It is or.e of the most respc-table and flourishin" instituti..ns of the 
State. In ISoi) it had 1(1 professors, 195 students, anil 1,765 alumni, of which number 460 were in the ministry. It has 
valuable libraries of 31,000 volumes, a museum, cabinet, philosopldcal apparatus, etc. It Wiis oriKiually located in'warren 
but in 17711 was removed to Proviilencc. The number of adults in the State who can not read and write is 8,744. ' 



2 scien- 
-Jieport 



PuUk: I.ihravies.—6 social libraries— 25,104 volumes: 1 college— 24,000 volumes ; 2 students— 7,6i 10 volumes 
tific and liistorical— 3,000 volumes ; .'io public school— 19,037 volumes. Total— 45 libraries, and 79,341 volumes. 

J'erimlk-ul Press— ^^K whole number of periodicals published in the State, in 1S50, was 19, of which 8 advocated 
" whig" principles, and 4 those of the democratic party. Seven were neutral in politics, or devoted to liler.iture. religion 
etc., including those the character of which has not been ascertained. Of the whole immber, 5 were Issued daily, circu- 
lating at each issue 9,750 copies, or .3,032.250 copies animally ; 2 semi-weekly, ein-ulating 2.000 copies, or 208,000 annually • 
12 weekly, circulating 14,225 copies, or 739,700 annually. Total copies at each issue, 25,975. or 3.979,950 copies annually! 
ThepapiTS as published in the counties are— Bristol, 2 weekly ; Kent, 1 weekly; Newport, 2 daily and 3 weekly; and 
Providence, 3 daily, 2 semi-weekly, and C weekly. The dailies are puhlishod in the cities of Newport and Providence. 

I.'eligious Oeuuminatioas,— The statistics of the several religious denominations in the State were, for the year 1850 as 
follows : 



Deiiomina- No nf 


ClmHi 


Val.i. of 


Dennmina- 


No. or 


Cli.irrh 


TaUie of 


tiiina. Ciiunlies. 


anuin. 


l-r.'f^ny. 


lioiis. 


Clturtlx^a. 


aicom. 


Prnpertj. 


Baptist 100.. 


40.131.. 


$366,3: !0 


Germn Eef. 


— .. 


— . 


.$ - 


Christian.., 7.. 


2.500.. 


24,300 


Jewish 


1 .. 


800 . 


1,000 


Congregat'l. 21.. 


11,703. . 


178,550 


Lutheran... 











Dutch lief.. — .. 


— .. 


— 


Mennonite. 











Episcop.aI.. 26.. 


11,606.. 


243,500 


Methodist. . 


23 .. 


O.-TIO . 


102,900 


Free J.. 


611.. 


5,000 


Moravian.. 


— 


— 


— 


Friends.... IS.. 


6,370.. 


57,800 


Presbyter'n. 


— .. 


— . 


— 



Demmina- No; of Churcli Value nf 

tmns. Cliuickes. acitun. Properly. 

R. Calhn!ic., 7 .. 7,800 .. $72,500 

Swcilenb'g .. 2 .. 325 . . 4,400 

Tunker — .. — .. — 

Union. 4 .. 2,4.'i() .. 5.000 

Unitarian... 4 .. 2.050 .. 127,000 

Universalist. 4 .. 2,2;iO .. 55,000 

Minor Sects. 2 .. 950 .. 4,650 

—in aU 221 churches, accommodating 9S,T3G persons, and vnhioil at $1,252,000. The Stale forms the Protestant Episcopal 
dioecsii of Rhode Island, and constitutes a portion of the Roman Catholic diocese of Hartfnrd. 

Pauperiftni and CH)ii^.—T\\g wliole number of paupers relieved or supported from the public funds for the year ending 
SOth June. 1*^50. was 2,56i). of which 1,115 were native and 1,-145 foreign bom ; and the whole number on the rolls at the 
date specified was G9C — 192 natives and '204 foreigners. Total cost of support, $45,S37. The State Prison is located at 
Providence. The whole number of convii-ts in confinement on the 30lh September, 1S49, was 2S — 27 males and 1 female ; 
C'lmmitted during the next year, 1^ ; di.scharged — l,iy expiration of sentence 3, and by the General Assembly 11 — leaving 
in prison, at Ww end of the official year. 1^50,37 prisoners, all males. The convicts are chiefly employed in shoeniaking. 
Income of prison. $3,964 56. and expentliture, $9,427 43. The number of persons in Providence jad, confined at the suit 
of the State, was Gfi. and are employed principally in the manufacture of cabinet-ware. 

Ili-itorical Skftch. — Roger 'U'illiams was the first white settler within the present limits of Rhode Island. Expelled 
from Massachusetls for maintaining opinions for which the minds of men were not yet prepared, he sought refuge in the 
wildt-rness. and aHer habiting with the Indians for many weeks, he descended the Pawtut-kct River, and turning round 
Fox Point, slaked his thirst at a spring on tlie bank, and afterwarii erected his habitation near by. In grateful acknowl- 
edgment of "God's merciful providence to him in Ills liistress," he called tiie place Providence. 

lie found the land on which be had seated himself within the territory of the Narragausett Indians, and in 1G36 he pur- 
chased it of ihi'ir chiefs. Many soon settled around him. It was one of the charges against him in Massachusetts that he 
had avowed the doctrine that "to punish a man for matter of conscience is persecution." In his exile he adhered to that 
doclrinc; he welcomed all that came, and the jiatriarch of tlie settlement would allow no interference with religious 
opinions. The charter of Maryland was the first to secure liberty of conscience to all Christian sects— the charily of Roger 
Williams embraced Jews. Mohammedans, and all the headien. His benevolence was not confined to his civilized breth- 
ren ; he labored to enlighten, improve, and conciliate the savages, lie learned their language, traveled among them, 
and gnined the entire confidence of the chiefs. He had often the happiness, by his influence over them, of saving from 
injury the colony that had proclaimed him an outlaw and driven him into tiie wilderness. 

In 1633, two years after the expulsion of Williams, William Coddington and seventeen others, being persecuted fi^r re- 
ligious heresies in Massachusetts, followed him to Providence. By his advice they purchased from the Indians the island 
of Aquetnec, now called Rhode Island, and removed thither. Coddington was chosen their chief magistrate. Pursuing 
the same liberal policy which distinguished the settlers at Providence, numerous emigrants from the neighboring colonies 
were attracted to the settlement. 

When the New England colonies, in 1G43, formed their memorable confederacy, Rhode Island applied to be admitted 
a meiiibcr. Plymouth asaertini; that the settlement was within lier limit.-*, it was deci'ied by the commissioners that by 
submitting to the jurisdiction of that colony she would be entitleil to all the advantiiges of the Union. These conditions 
were rejected, and Rhode Island continued in separate independence. In this ye.ir Williams wius sent to England us 
agent for the two settlements, and the next year obtained a patent from the Parliament, by which llie towns of Provi- 
dence, Newport, and Portsmouth were incorporated, with the power of governing themselves. In 1647 all the freemen 
met at Portsmouth, enacted a code of laws, and cstablislied a civil irovernment. An Assembly was constituted, to consist 
of six representatives from each town; and the executive and cliief judicial power w.is vested in a president and four 
assistants. Town courts were established for small causes, with an appeal to the president an<l assistants. 

The Executive Committee of Parliament had given Codilington a commission to govern the islands in the bay. This 
interfered with the patent wliich had been granted to Williams, and threatened the dismemberment of the colony. In 
1G51 he and John Clarke were appointed agenLs, an<l sent to England to persuade the committee to revoke the commis- 
sion. In tins they succeeded, through the influence of Sir Harry Vane, who hail been of great assistance to Williams in 
1643 in procuring the charter. Williams returned to Rhode Island, but Clarke remained in LondoU) and long acted as 
the faithful agent of the colony. 
720 



RHODE ISLAND. 



Upon the application of the inhabitants, the King in 1663 granti'd a charter, incorporating the cutuny of " lihode Island 
Qnd Providence Plantations." It dfclar>.'d that no person should be molested or called to account for any dilTerence in 
tiiatlera of religion. F(jr the goveninient of Ihe colony it vested the supreme power in an Assembly, to consist of a 
governor or deputy governor, ten assistants, and representatives from the several towns, all to be chosen by the freeuien. 

The benevolent policy of "Williams secured to the colony an almost lolal exemption from Indian hostilities ; he continued 
to reside at Providence, ever active in the service of the people, sometimefi Iheir president, and at others as assisLint or 
representative, until the period of his death, in 16S3. In his Urclime he was beloved of his people, and in his death his 
memory is held sacred as tlie founder of a prosperous State. 

AVhen Sir Edmund Andros was made governor of New England in 1685, he dissolved the charter govemnient of the 
colony, and appointed a council to do his l)idding; after be was deposed and sent to England, the freemen met at New- 
port and re-eslablished the ancient order of things. All tlie officers who three years befure had been ilisplaced. were 
reinstated, and all accepted but Walter Clarke, who had been re-elected president. la his stead the Assembly appointed 
Henry Bull, a Quaker, the only one living who came with Coddinglon in IGSS. 

From this period to the commetieement of the American Ilevdlution, the history of PJiode Island is barren of events. 
Fortunate in living under a well-regulated government, and possrssing great advantages in couinieree, tlit- inhabitants, 
if they played no distinguished part in the drama of life, were prospeixuts and happy. AVi^ find it reeurded that in 1730 
the population was about 18,000, and that in 1740 it was 35.0t)0. In the last-meulioned year three hvunlred men were 
Voted for an expedition into Canada, projected by the British government 

"When the Stamp Act was attempted to he imposed, Rhode Island was as hostile to the purpose as any other colony ; 
delegates were sent to the Continental Congress in 1765, and a general association was entered into against the use of 
stamps. The subsequent proceedings of the British were resisted with equal cmistancy. In 1774, when the British pre- 
vented the exportation of mililary stores from England, Rhode Island seized llie cannon in the i)ublic liatleries, and the 
Assembly passed resolutions fur arming the people. Every action on the part of this province was on the popular side, 
and from her exposed situation she was made to feel the hate of the common enemy. In December, 1776, Clinton and 
Parker, with strong forces, saile<I from New York for the purpose of occupying Rhode Island. The American forces, 
unalile to resist, withdrew on the approach of the fleet, and the squadron of Commodore Hopkins, and a number of 
privateers, found themselves blockaded in the harbor of Providence. General Sullivan, aitled by the Kniich ships of war, 
made several unsuccessful attempts to dislodge the British, and in 177^ laid siege to Newport, but was obliged to abandon 
the attempt. During llie retreat an engagement took place at Quaker Ilill, the result of which was indecisive. la 
October, 1779, the British troops were withdrawn ; and in ITSO a body of French, unrler liochamheau, arrived at New- 
port in a squadron un<ler De Ternay. Clinton, on hearing of their arrival, enibarke<i 6,000 men with the hr.pe of sur- 
prising them, hut the project was uUiinately abandoned. From this period Rhode Island was unmolested, and the inhab- 
itants again resumed their commercial pursuits. 

\]; Rhode Island was not representcil in the convention that forraoil the Constitution in 1737, and this State evinced for the 
time a determined hostility to the new frame of government. She was the last of the original States to ratify this instru- 
ment ; and it was not until the May, 17911, that her acquiescence was secured. 

Little is recorded of its history from this period until 1S12. During the ensuing contest with Great Britain, the majority 
of the people were hostile to the policy of the General Government, and adopte<l the system of action of the neighboring 
States, lending no aid to the national arms. Delegates were sent lo the memorable Convention at Hartfi'nl. and united 
in the report made by that body. "With the exception of the occupation of Block Island by the enemy m isiy, this State 
remained unmolested during the war. 

Up to Ihe year 1344, the Charter granted by Charles II. was the only conslitutirm of the State, though for more than 
twenty years befi>re that date efforts had been made to obtain from the General Assembly permission to form a new and 
more perfect frame of government, but without effect. In the spring of 1^40 an association was formed, the ol'ject of 
which was lo secure the right of suffrage to every adult white male citizen of the United Stales resident in Ihe Slate ; and 
in 1841 this association lO(»k the re^ponsihilily of calling a convention to form a Slate constitution in accordance with their 
peculiar views. Such convention was held, and such constitution formed and submitted to the people, but on account of 
the informality under which it was prepared, only a portion of the people recognized or voted on the (iiiestioii. Those 
■who did vote being in its fa\or, a majority was declared, and the inslrurnent acknowledged by its iiarlisans us the su- 
preme law of the land. The legal government, however, refused to recognize it, and in the mean time iiad taken tneasures 
for the calling of a convention f»»r a similar purpose; and by this convention another constitution was prepared and 
adopted by two-thirds of Ihe inliabiianLs. Two separate forms of government were uow recognized by two different 
portions of the people. The Suffrage Party— .is the illegal parly called themselves— proceeded to elect Iheir governor 
and public officers, an<l claiming Ihem jis legitimate officers, their government was organized at Providence, under the 
protectir)n of an armed force, on the ;3d May, 1841. Owing to Ihe public excitement, the government under the h-giti- 
luate constitution had not^een able to organize, and consequenily the ohl charter government met as usual at Newport, 
on the 4lh May, 1842. On the ISili of the same month Thomas N. Dorr, the governor elected by the " Snffrane Pariy," 
attempted to capture the Slate arsenal at Providence, but failed in the attempt. Desirous of meeting the views of all 
parties, the General Assembly provided for another convention to form another constitution; and about the same time 
another altempt was made to overthrow by force of arms the charter government. The insurgents, led by their. w(- 
(h'-sant governor, took up a position at Chepachet, from which, however, they were easily dislotlged by ihc State troops, 
and completely dispersed. The convention last provided for by the charier government, met in Septeni!)er, and on Iheir 
constitution being submitted to the popular vote, it was alnii-sl unanimously adopted, the '■ Suffrage? Parly" iirolesting 
against it, yet subsequently voting under it. 

The atlempt on the State maile by the Suffrage Party, is one of the most audacious violations of the sanctity of popular 
institulions on record; and well did the abettors of such treason <Ie.serve the severest penalties. Dorr was imprisoned 
fnr several years, but was finally released, he having become a broken-<lown and de^erled man, and thi: shunned of 
all good citizens. His name will go down to posterity on the same page ns those of Burr and Arnold— a warning to 
all traitors. 

Peovidence. Newpop.t, South Kingston, Bkistol, and East Gp.F.F.Nwiru. are the political capitals of the State. 
There are two sessions of the General Assembly every year : one at Newj^ort on Ibe first Tuesday of May, an«i the other 
on Ihe last Monday of October once in two years at South Kingston, and the intermediate years alternutely at Bristol and 
East Greenwich ; and this second session adjourns every year to Providence. 

T 4 721 



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KiEi.ET's, p. o., Eichland county, Ohio: 59 m. N. N. E. 
Columbus, 

V.\cT., t. and p. o., Cattaraugus county. If. P; ; MO m. 
■W. by's. Albany. Drained by affluents of Alleghany r., 
the principal of which furnishes gooJ water-power. Sur- 
face elevated and roUing ; soU exceUent for farming. Pop- 
ulation 906. 

EicEBORo', p. T., Liberty county, On. : 146 miles S. E. 
Milledseville, on S. bank of North Newport r., which is 
navigable for sloops to this place. It contains about 160 
iuhabitanls. 

EioE CiTT, p. v., Kent county, H. 1 : 37 m. N. W. by W. 
Newport. 

EicE CaEEE, p. o., Calhoun co., Mich. : 85 m. S. S. W. 

Lansing. 

EicE's, sta., M'Minn CO., Tfnn. : on the East Tennessee 
and Georgia E. E., 7 m. N. Charleston. 

EicE'3 Lauding, p. o., Greene CO., renn, : 142 m. W. by S. 
Barrisburg. 

EicE's Stoee, p. 0., Westmoreland CO., Tirg. : 63 m. N . 1;.. 
Eichmond. 

EicETiLLE, p. v., Hancock county, 3Iiss. : 2 m. E. from 
Pearl r., 106 m. S. by E. Jackson. 

E1CEVI1.LE, p. 0., Monmouth co., K Jer. : on W. side of 
Clay Point cr., near its junction with Nevisink river. 

K1CEV11.LE, p. v., Crawford co., renn. : on E. side of head 
branch of Oil cr., ISl m. N. W. Ilarrisburg. 

EicEviLLE, p. 0., Pittsylvania county, Ylrg.: 120 miles 
S. W. by W. Eichmond. 

EicuAKDSoN, p. o., Vermillion co., 7?^.; on E. bank of 
Little Vermillion r., 110 m. E. by N. Springfield. 

EicHAEDSoN's, P.O., Montgomery co., Tenn.: 42 m.N.W. 

Nashville. 

EicHAEDSoN's Ceeek, p. 0., Uuion CO., N. Car. : 101 m. 
W. S. W. P.aleigh. 

EiciiAinsoxTiLLE, p. T., Edgefield dist., S. Car.: 46 m. 
W. Columbia. 

EioiiAEDSviLLE, p. V., Culpepper CO., Tlrg. : 65 m. N. N.W. 
Eichmond. 

EicnAKDSYn.u!, p. v., Jefferson county, Penn. : 112 m. 
W. N. W. narrisburg. 

EicnBonocGH, p. v., Bucks county, Penn. : 91 mUes E. 
Harrisburg. 

PvicHBiTRO, p. c, Alleghany co., If. Y.: on E. side of 
branch of Oswaye er., 328 m. W. by S. Albany. 

Eicn Ckeek, p. o., Logan county. Firs'. ; 251 mUes W. 
Eichmond. 

EiciiEiBLD, t. and p. o., Genesee co., 3Iich. : 63 m. E. N. E. 
Lansing. Surface rolUng; soil dry sandy loam. Drained 
by Flint r., which furnishes mill-sites. Pop. 452. 

EiCHTiELD, t. and p. 0., Otsego co., iK Y. : 70 m. W. by N. 
Albany. Drained by smaU branches of Unadilla r. .ind 
outlets of Canaderaga lake, which lies on its E. border. 
Surface elevated and uneven; soil sandy and calcareous 
loam. The industry of the t. is generally devoted to agri- 
culture, and there are Sbme small manufactures. Pop- 
ulation 1,502. 

ElcnriELD, t. and p. v., Summit CO., Ohio : 110 m. N. E. 
Columbus. Surface elevated, and moderately uneven ; soil 
fertile, and well cultivated. Dr.ained by creeks of Cuya- 
hon-a r. The v. contains various mechanic shops and about 
201° inhabitants. There are other smaU settlements in tlie 
town. Pop. of 1. 1,262. 

EiciiEiELD, t, Henry CO., OJiio: drained by Beaver cr. of 
the Maumee. Pop. 136. 

EicnFiELD, p. 0., Juniata county, Penn. : 82 m. N. W, 
Harrisburg, 

EicHnELD Springs, v, and p, o,, Otsego co., JK Y. : at 
head of Canaderaga lake, 6S m, W, by N, Albany. The v, 
contains about 300 inhabitants, and hero is a celebrated 
Bulphur spring, 

KicHTOED, t. and p. t., Tioga co., 2f. Y. : M^ m. W. by S. 
Albany. Drained by East and West Owego creeks. 6ur- 
721S 



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it 

face uneven, with fertile valleys. The v. on East Owego 
cr, contains about 300 inhabilants. Pop. of t. 1.20S. 

EiCHFOBD, t. and p. o., Franklin Co., Venn. : on tlie Can- 
ada line, 47i m. N. Montpelier. Drained by Missisque r. 
and its branches. Surface mountainous ; soil ailapted best 
to grazing — along the streams is some good land. Popula- 
tion 1,074. 

Eicn FoBK, p. o., Davidson co., JV; Car. : 90 m.W. by N. 
Ealeigh. 

Eicu Hill, t and p. o., Muskingum co., OJuo : 63 m. E. 
Columbus. Drained by branches of the Muskingum r. 
Surface various ; soil fertile. Bituminous coal and numer- 
ous salt springs arc found in the vicinity. Pop, of t, l,.t!)5. 
Eicn Hill, p. o,, Maury m.,TeMn.: 89 m. S, S, W, Nashville 
EiciiLAND county, lit. Situate toward the S, E,, and 
contains 312 sq, m. Drained by affluents of the Wabash, a 
tributary of the Ohio r. Surface gener.illy level ; soil fi-rlile. 
It has some prairies and some fine timber land. Farms 
204; manuf, 3; dwell. 704, and pop.— wh. 4,002, fr. col. 10 
—total 4,012. Capital: Ohiey, PuUic Works: Ohio and 
Mississippi E. E„ 

EiciiLAXD county, Ohio. Situate N, centrally, and con- 
tains 463 sq. m. Drained by Olentangy r. and branches of 
Mohiccan cr. Surface level ; soil fertile, and well adapted 
to wheat, com, etc. Agriculture is the leading pursuit. 
Good timber is found on the land. Farms 2,522 ; manuf. 
US; dwell. 5,205, and pop.— wh. 30,S34, tr. col. 43— total 
30,879. Capital: Mansliuld. Pn'jlic Workv: Cincinnati, 
Cleveland, and Columbus E. E. : Sandusky, Mansfield, and 
Newark E. E. ; Pennsylvania and Ohio E. E., etc. 

EiruLAXD district, & Car. Situate centrally, and contains 
4S3 sq. m. Drained by branches of Congaree and Watcree 
rivers, the former running along the S. W. border and the 
Kilter on the eastern. Surface generally level; soil fertile, 
and iD some parts the land very rich. Chief productions, 
eotlon and Indian corn. Farms 548; manuf. 87; dwell, 
1,58S, and pop,— wh, 6,764, fr. col. 501, si. 12,978— total 
211.243. Cajrital: Columbia. PiiUio Worti: Columbia 
Branch E. E ; Charlotte and South Carolina, Greenville and 
Columbia E. E. ; Camden Branch E. E., etc. 

EicBLATO county. Wise. Situate toward the S. W., and 
contains 75G sq. m. Drained by head Imnches of Baraboo 
and Pine rivers, P.icific and Mill creeks, all affluents of Wis- 
consin r,. which forms its southern border. Surface gener- 
ally level; soil fertile and adapte.l to grain. I! is well wood- 
ed, and contains some minerals. Farms 55; manuf. 4; 
dwc-11. 178, and pop.— wh. 902, fr. col. 1— total 903. Cai>iUil : 
Eichland City. 

EicnLAND, p. 0., Jefferson Co., Arlt. : on S. bank of Ar- 
kansas r., 46 m. S. E. by S. Little Eock, 

EicnLAND, p, V,, Stewart county, Ga.: 114 miles S, W. 
Milled geville, 

EiouLATO, p, v„ Sangamon Co., Ill : on the N, side of 
Prairie cr., 10 m, W, N, W, Springfield, 

EicnLAND, p, v,, Eush county, Iiul. : 43 m, S, E, by 8. 
Indianapolis, • 

EiciiLA!»D, p. v., Keokuk co., la. : 40 m. S. W. by 8. 
Iowa City. Pop. 239. 

EicuLAKD, p. v.. Holmes county, Mi-n. : 49 m. N. by E. 
Jackson. Drained by a creek of Big Black river. 

Eichland, t. and p. o., K.alamazoo county, Mieh. : 60 m. 
S. W. by W. Lansing. Drained by creeks of Kalam.azoo r, 
and Gull lake, on the N, E. comer. Surface level prairie. 
Pop. 795. 

EiciiLAKD, p. T., Greene co., Mo. : 104 m, 8, W, by 8, 
Jefferson City, 

EicnLAND, t, p, T,, and cap, Oswego co., K Y. : 140 m, 
W. N. W. Albany. Drained by Salmon r. and other small 
streams, flowing into Lake Erie. Surface diversified ; soil 
moist clay loam. The county buildings are in the v. of 
Pulaski. The manufactures of the t. are considerable, and 
its trade flourishing. Pop. 4.079. The Watertown and 
Eome E. E. p-asses through it, 42 in, fVom Eome. 



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FaciiLAND, stru, Logan co., Ohio : on Mad Kiver and Lake 
Erie E. R., 51 m. N. W. Columbus, 92 m. from Sandusky, 
66 m. from Dayton. 

EicHLASD, t, Allen co., Ohio: 73 m. N. V!^. Columbus. 
Drained by creeks of Blauchard's Fork. Surface elevated 
and rolling; soil rich and fertile. It occupies the N. E. 
comer of the co. Pop. 990. 

KicHLANP, t, Belmont co., Ohio: 12 ni. W. "^Vheeling, 
103 m. E. CoIunibu3. Draini.-d by M'Mahon's and oilier 
creeks. It is a fine fiirmiiig t., and contains St. Clairsville, 
the county seat of justicL>. It is crossed by the railroad from 
Wheeling westward. Pop. 4,366. 

Richland, t., Clintou co., Ohio: 4S m. S. W. Columbus. 
Drained by P.attlesnake, Todd's, and other creeks. Surface 
undulating, and soil rich and fertile. The Cincinnati and 
Zanesville 11. K. crosses its S. part. Salem and Claysville 
are villages on the "Washington and 'Wilmingtou turnpike. 
Pop. 1,075. 

EicHLANn, t, Darke co., Ohio : S4 m. "W. Columbus. 
Drained by Stillwater creek and its tributaries. Surface 
undulating; soil rich and fertile. The Jlellefontaine and 
Indiana E. R. crosses it east and west. • Pop. 798. 

rarni.AND,!., Defiance co., Ohio: 149 ni. N. W. Columbus. 
Drained by Maumee r.. which runs through it. Surface 
l©w and level ; soil fertile. Pop. 702. The Wabash and 
Erie Canal, and the Sandusky and Fort "Wayne R. R. pass 
through the town. 

Rn:uLA5.'i>, t., Fairfield co., Oliio : 33 m. E. S. E. Columbus. 
Drained by Rush cr. Surface elevated and undulating, and 
soil very productive. The Cincinnati, Zanesville, and 
"Wheeling R. E. crosses it in a N. E. and S. "W. direction. 
Pop. 1,777. 

Rnitt.Axn, t., Holmes co., Ohio: 53 m. N. E. Columbus. 
Drained by a branch of Killbuok er. and Walhonding r. 
Surface undulating; soil rich and productive. Pop. 1,349. 
RiruLAXD, t., Vinton oo., Ohio : 54 m. S. S. E. Columbus. 
Drained by a branch of Raccoon er., and also a creek of the 
Scioto. The land is undulatiug and fertile. Pop. 1,193. 

Richland, t., "Wyandott co., Ohio : G6 m. N. W. Columbus. 
Drained Iiy creeks of Blancharil's fork of the Maumee. 
Surface undulating; soil rich and fL-rlile. The Mad River 
and Lake Erie R. R. passes through it in aN. E. and S. W. 
direction. Pop. 599. 

RiruLAyD, p. v., Richland county, Ohio: 5S m. N. N. E. 
Columbus. 

Richland, p. v., Giles co., Te7in. : on branch of Elk r., a 
Iriliutary of the Tennessee, 55 m. S. Nashville. 

EicuLAND, p. 0., Tazewell co., Virg.: 240 m. W. by S. 
Eiehmond. 

Riri!LA>T> creek, ^ r^% ; rises in the interior of Madison 
CO., flows "W., and enters White r. in Washington county. 

Rir-uL.ufD City, p. v., and cap. Richlaud co., Wise, : on 
Pine r., 53 ra. W. N. W. Madison. 

Richland Crossings, p. o., Navarro co., Tex.: 134 m. 
N. N. E. Austin City. 

RicirLAND Grove, p. o., Mercer eo., lU. : 113 m. N. N. W. 
Springfield. 

RiCHLANDS, p. o., Onslow county, K. Car. : S4 m. S. E. 
Ealeigh. 

RirnLAN-DTOTTN, p. v.,.Bucli3 CO., Penn. : 75 m. E. by N. 
Harrisburg. 

EicnMoKD county, Ga, Situate E., and contains 813 
sq. m. Drained by branches of Savannah river, which runs 
on its N. E. border, and of Brier creek, which forms its 
S. W. boundary. Su.-face hilly ; soil fertile, and is in general 
a, fine deep mold, well adapted to the growth of cotton, 
■wheat, and corn. Of fruit-trees, apjile. pear, peach, plum, 
etc.. grow well, and produce largely. Piue and other tim- 
ber is found on the land. Farms 27'2 ; manuf. 56 ; dwell. 
1,556, and pop.— wh. S.152.fr. col. 2S2,sl. 7,S12— U)lal 16,246. 
C('/)/^<'^; Augusta. Puhlic Works: GeorgiaR.R.; Augusta 
and Waynesboro' R. R., etc. 
Eicn.MOND euunty, -V. 5'. Situate 9., and includes Statrn 



Island. It contains 63 sq. m., and is divided into 4 town- 
ships. Surface hilly and broken ; soil in general sterile, but 
there is much good land. Chief products wheat and Indian 
corn. On the coast are some valuable fisheries. It contains 
some be<i3 of iron ore, and other minerals. In the alluvial 
portions marine fossils have been found. Constant com- 
munication is kept up with New York by steamboats, which 
run many times daily. Fishing is much pursued by the in- 
habitants. Farms 212; manuf. 37; dwell. 2,3^1, und pop.— 
wh., 14,474. fr. col. 5S7— total 15,061. C'opital: Eiehmond. 
Public Works : Staten Island R. R., etc. 

Richmond county, K Car. Situate S.. and contains G4S 
sq. m. Drained by branches of Little Pedee river, and 
other small streams. Surface even ; soil generally fertile, 
and well adapted to the growth of cotton, which is much 
attended to. Staples, coitun, Indian com, and tobacco. 
Farms 496 ; manuf. 1 ; dwell. 949, and pop.— wh. 4,S90, fr. 
col. 224, si. 4,704— total 9,sl3. Capital : Rockingham. 

EioiiMOND county, rirg. Situate N. E., and contains 
196 sq. m. Drained by tributaries of Rappahannock river. 
Surface level ; soil fertile. Chief products, wheat and Indian 
corn. Farms 336; manuf. 4; dwell. 805, and pop. —wh. 3,463, 
fr. col. 709, si. 2,277— total 6,-14S. Capikd : Warsaw. 

Eicn^ijoNn, ]). o., Dallas county, AUi.: 55 miles W. 
Montgomery. 

Richmond, p. v., Wayne co., /;/[/. ; on E. bank of East 
Fork of Whitewater r., 69 m. E. Indianapolis, 4 m. from 
Ohio Slate line. This very nourishing v. contains a large 
nundjer of mills and factories, a branch of the State bank of 
Indiana, and dues a large business with the fertile agricultural 
district surrounding it. Two newspapers are published 
weekly, "PalKadium" (whig), and "JelTersonian" (dem.). 
The Indiana Central R.R., and the Richmond and Newcastle 
R.R. here connect with several raUroads from Ohio. Pop. 
about .3,000. 

Richmond, p. o., Washington county, la. : 23 m. S. S. W. 
Iowa City. 

RiciLMoND, p. v., and cap. Madison co., Ky.: on a small 
branch of Kentucky r., 45 m. S. K. Fninktnrt. Contains a 
court-house and jail, and almul 1,000 inhabitants. Tiio 
"Whig Chronicle''' is published weekly. 

Richmond, p. v., and cap. Madison parish. La.: 129 m, 
N. Baton Rouge, on W. side of Riiund.away bayou, at its 
junction with Brushy bayou. It contains the court-house 
and a few dwellings. The ''Madison Journal" (neut.) is 
published weekly. 

Richmond, j). o., M-IIenrr county. III. : 201 m. N. N. E. 
Springfield, 1 m. from Wisconsin State line. 

Ricii-MOND. t. ami p. v., Lincoln co., Mt'. : 16 m. S. by W. 
Augusta. Drained by a mill-stream which falls into Ken- 
nebec r, at Merrj'mceting bay. It has some navigation, and 
vessels are built here. The v. is situate in the S. W. part 
of the town, and on the E. line the Portland and Kennebec 
R. R. passes along the river. Pop. of t. 2,056. 

EicuMOND, t. and p. o., Berkshire co., Mass. : 117 m. W. 
Boston. Drained by branch of Ilousatonic r. It lies in a 
fertile valley between two hills, and is well cultivali'd. The 
Western R. R. passes through the town. Pop. 1,649. 

Richmond, L and p. o., Macomb county, Mich. : 89 ra. 
E. Lansing. Surface of t. rolling, and heavily timbered; 
soil fertde. Drained by Belle r., by E. Fork of Clinton br. 
of Red r., and by head branches of South r., the two latter 
flowing into Lake St. Clair. Pop. about 1,000. 

Richmond, p. v., Itawamba co., M.w. .* on a creek of 
Tomhigbee river, 15S m. N. W. by N. Jackson. 

EiciLMOND, p. v., and cap. Ray co., Mv. : on the S. side 
of Elkhom cr., 111m. W. N. W. Jefferson City. It contains 
a court-house, jail, and about 500 inhabitants. 

Richmond, t. and p. o., Clieshire co., y. JJamp. : 49 ra, 

S. W. Conconl. Draineil by branches of Ashuelot river. 

Surface generally level ; soil of average fertility. Pop. 7,128. 

Richmond, p. v., and cap. Ri.dunond county, N. Y. : neai- 

' the centre of Staten Island, 13 m. S. W. New York city 

723 



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This is a pleasant village and contains the court-house, jail, 

2 churches, ami several 8t<^)res, and about -10 dwellings. 
KiciiMOND, p. v., Jefferson co., Oliio : 2 m. W. Ohio r., 

117 ni. E. N. E. Columbus. The " li. Clipper" (f. soil) is 
publislied weekly. Pop, about 600. 

Richmond, p. v., Norlhamplon co., Penn.: on a small 
stream, 2 m. W. of the Delaware, about 3 m. above Belvidere, 
9T m. E. N. E. Harrisburg. 

KicuMOND, p. v., Bedford county, Tenn, : 49 m. S. by E. 
Nashville. 

KicuMOND, p. v., and cap. Fort Bend county, Tex. : on S. 
bank of Brazos r., 130 m.*:. S. E. Austin City. 

KicuMOND, t. and p. o., Chittenden co., Venn.: 20 m. 
"W. N. W. Monlpelicr. Drained by Onion r., which makes 
its N. border, and Huntingdon r., which passes thruufih it, 
both affording water-power. Surface generally uneven, 
with fertile flats on the streams. At the centre is a church 
having 16 sides, with a neat steeple rising from the middle, 
and occupied by several denominations. The v. is on the 
S. side of Onion r., and on the N. side the Vermont Central 
E. E. traverses the valley. Pop. of I. 1 ,453. 

EiCHMOSD, p. city, port of entry, and cap. Henrico county, 
Vhy. : and capital of the State of Virginia ; is situated on 
the N. E. bank of James r., at the lower falls at the head of 
tide water. Lat. CCapilol) 370 32' 17" N. ; long, from Green- 
wich 7TO 27' 23" W., and from Washington 00° 25' 5S'' W. 
Distance by the most direct li. E. from Washington, 130 m. ; 
from Baltimore, 163 m. ; from Philadeli)hia, 266 m. ; from 
New York, 344 m. ; from Boston, 5S0 m. ; from Ualeigh, 
174 m. ; from Wilmington, 248 m. 

The situation of Eichraond is highly picturesque. The 
city is divided into two unequal parls by a valley, through 
which passes the Shockoe creek to enter James r. It is 
chiefly built upon the hills and more elevated grounds on 
either side of this depression, which have a beautiful variety 
of surfiice, and afford in many parts highly picturesque 
situations for dwellings and for public cdiflces. Splendid 
views of the ciiy and surrounding country are presented 
from different points, each varying the scene. The soil is 
rc<l clay. The river flows over a bed of granite, of which 
there %tq inexhaustible quarries on lis banks, extensively 
Ubod for buililing and other purposes. The city is regularly 
laid out with streets crossing at right angles. Its entire area 
embraces about 3i sq. m., of which the built portion is about 

3 m. long, and \ m. wide. The dwelling houses are gener- 
ally neat and convenient, of brick and wood. Many private 
residences are very elegant and costly. The capiti il occupies 
a very commanding situation on an elevated plain called 
Shockoe hill, in the W. division of the city. It stands in 
Capitol Square, a beautiful public ground containing about 
8 acres, ornamented with trees, gniss plats, walks, etc. It 
is a spacious and elegant building, surrounded on 3 sides 
by a lofty and imposing portico, in the Ionic order. It con- 
tains a statue of Washington, the only one ever taken from 
life, executed by Houdon, a celebrated French artist, and 
erected in 1788 ; a bust of Lafayette, etc. The City Hall, on 
Broad Street, fronting Capitol Square, is an elegant edifice 
of Grecian architecture, with a portico at each end of 4 Doric 
columns. The Governor's House is at the E. end of the 
square. The County Court-house is about 1 m. from the 
capitol. The State Penitentiary, in the W. suburbs, is 300 feet 
Ions, and 110 broad, in the form of a hollow square, sur- 
rounded by extensive grounds. The Alms-house, a spacious 
building, is in the N. suburbs. The Armory is a large 
edifice 320 feel long by 280 feet wide. The Female Orphan 
Asylum Is supported partly by the coriioration, and partly 
by private numiflcence. There are about 25 churches, 
many of which are very handsome edifices. The Monu- 
menUd Episcopal church stan'ls upon the site of the Eich- 
mond Theatre, which waa destroyed by fire, Dee. 2Glh, ISll, 
and whereby 66 white and 6 colored persons lost their lives. 
The congregation of the African church is one of the largest 
in the Union. 

724 



The Medical Department of Hampden Sidney College, 
founded 1838, in 1850 had 7 professors, 90 students, and 
40 graduates. The Virginia Historical and Philosophical 
Society was founded In 1831. St. Vincent*s and Eichmond 
colleges, near the city, are flourishing academies. In 1S50 
there were 15 newspapers and periodicals, viz., dailies, 
"E. Enquirer," "E.Whig," "Dispatch," ''Times and Com- 
piler," "Herald," "Future Age,^ and *' Eepublican ;" 
weeklies, "Eeligious Herald," "Watchman and Observer;" 
montlilies, " Missionary Journal," " The Commission," 
"Baj)Iist Preacher," "Southern Planter," "Literary Mes- 
senger;" quarterly, " Historical Eegisler." 

The city government is vested in the mayor, recorder, 
aldermen, and city council. The city is lighted with gas, 
and generally well paved ; the markets are well supplied. 
Tlie public water-works were commenced in 1S30, and cost 
about ^120,000. By two forcing pumps, worked by water- 
power, 800,000 gallons of water in 24 hours arc lifted from 
James r. into 3 reservoirs, containing each 1,000,000 gallons, 
thence distributed over the city in iiipes. 

The principal manufactures are of tobacco, flour, iron, 
cotton and woolens. Water-power of unlimited extent is 
furnished by James r., which within a few miles above the 
city descends SO feet. Of ti>bacco there are 35 to 40 factories, 
and 10 or 12 stemmeries, together employing about 2,500 
blacks, and manufacturing 12 to 15,000 hhds. annually. 
Besides smaller mills, here are two of the most extensive 
flouring-mills in the world, " Gallego" and " Haxall," each 
running 20 or more pairs of stones, and capable of producing 
800 to 900 bbls. of flour daily. There are 3 iron rolling-mills, 
foundries of cannon, etc., and an extensive nail factory on 
Belle isle, producing 75,000 lbs. of nails weekly. Four 
cotton mills work up nearly 3,000,000 lbs. of cotton per 
annum, and a woolen mill 600,000 lbs. of wool annually. 
Besides these, are large machine-shops, a paper-mill, etc. 

There are three banks, w ith aggregate capital of $2,114,000, 
3 insurance companies, and 3 savings banks. 

Four lines of railroad here connect, Tiz., Eichmond, 
Frederick, and Potomac E. E., commencing at Aquia creek 
on the Potomac, 75 m. long ; Eichmond and Petersburg 
E. E., 22 m. lung ; the Central E. E. to Covington, and Dan- 
ville E. E. completed to Keeseville, 73 m. The James Eiver 
Canal, completed in 1S35 to Lynchburg, 146 ro., and in 1852 
to Balcony Falls, is the principal channel of trade with the 
interior. 

The following statement exhibits the amcunt of tonnage, 
and its estimated value, imported into Eichmond on the 
James Eiver and Kanawha Canal, during each of the 
5 years 18^18-52, with its freight and tolls: 

Year ending No. of Kslimated Freislits 

Oct. ai. Tons. Yatue. aud tolls. 

184S.... 125,054... $4,230,532 18... $192,750 33 

1S49. . . .140,6^6. . . 5,435,046 66. . . , 247,861 OS 

1850. . . .187,539. . . 6,123,865 49. . . 218,741 4T 

1851.... 140.924... 5,133,553 62... 134,839 83 

1852 .... 153,377 . . . 7,145,337 43 . . . 220,947 34 



Total (1843-52) 697,640 $28,069,135 33 $1,060,140 65 

The following table exhibits the amount of tonnage, with 
its value and freightage, imported into Eichmond, on the 
Eichmond and Petersburg E. E., during each of the 5 
years 1848-52. 

'^Sei'^rjli"^ Tonnnge. Eslimated vnhie. Frei-lit 

1S43.... 20,3i)l... $632,557 99... $18,361 62 

1849.... 19.539... 695.712 40... 18.159 71 

1850.... 22.S61... 1,377,665 45... 21,560 S3 

1S51.... 19.5^13... aS6,412 40... 18,314 12 

1352.... 27.932... 1,262.248 85... 24,752 89 



Total (1S4S-52) 110,166 $4,854,627 09 $101,149 IS 

The following table exhibits the amount of tonnage, with 
its estimated value, and the freights and tolls on the same, 



RIG 



RID 



iniptirted into r.icliraon.l during lS5i, hy ll.u varioua wf,rk3 
ofiuttrnal improvement leading into tbe city: 



NRmea ofCiimpaiii-^s, 

James Eiver, and / 

Kanawha co. j" " 
K., Fredericlisbura:, l 

androtoniacK.I;. ( " 
Eiehmond and Pe- / 

tersburg E. I;. ) ' ' 
P.ichiii<,n(lan.lDan- { 

Tille K, U. ) • ■ 



1 of 



Estimiited 



13.3,377.. $-,145,Sar 43.. 

2*5,000 no.. 

I,2C2,2JS So.. 

907,330 00. . 
1,000,000 00.. 



•i.sor. 



27,932. 



63,421. 



.111.1 lulls. 

•$220,947 Si 
19,2.52 03 
24,752 S9 



37,919 45 
55,989 20 



Virginia Central E. K. . ]7,4.5o 

J^*''' -'5(;,9.>7 *10,(i(;o,422 2S JSSS.SoiH 

1 lie foreign exi.ort trade is cliieBy in tobacco to all parts 
or Europe 6„ur and grain oeeasionally, and in flou"t 
Braz 1 ri,e nnport trade direct from Europe, or other 

S'lvm^;'™ '"'•™-'"^''"^. "-in. gradLly dhni^: 
■»!>« w,lh the mereased facilities of New York, by her 
regtdar packets and steamers to Europe. The channel of 
ho r. ,s w.nding, which, with the .listatice from the ocean 
.s a eonsiderahle in,pe,lin,e„t to navigation. VeJ',; dr"": 
.ng more than 10 or U feet water are prevented f"om 
eonnng up to the city hy the bar, 7 m. below it, and u" 
tad at coy Point, Bermuda Hundred, or Por Wait al 

«45s.'r T,'''"' "■" ""■■" '™''"'^' "'• «■ "■»'*'-!; 

K,4oS ons. The registered tonn.nge wa3 S.llil tons, of which 
^l^roll T Tr P""""""- ^"'1 1 .Sra tons temporary. The 
.rolled and licensed tonnage was 5,297 tons, consisting o 
4.-.0 tons permanent, and 1,021 tonslemporarv, all of which 
^■ere employed in the coasting trade. Dunn- the a 

v^as l,J--24,8Jl tons; no. of entrances do., 8-l,,sn tons 
Yessels^budt during the year, 8 (1 ship.V schooL::)- 

The inspections of tobacco n,r several years are .as follows- 

rc.wj. Hlids. Years. Hli.t, Ye-ir. HI H. v . ' 

1S41. . .1S,.,07 I 1.544. . .19,147 | l.i 7. . loVos I V^o I'S 

1*«. . .22,,S29 I 1340. . .19,572 | 1S49. . .18,8,13 | 1853. . 24 119 

ro«ne,l l^rom other inspections in the interior. 

.velrs" ' '■■*"'''' "'" "■"l'^'^'™^ of flour "f late 

Ve.irs. BI,I,. I y,.,„. PI I 

It^' 6M.O00 ,8« 1,0,000 ;;"• 3^400 

^^^ 159,100 1 1^9 270,900 I 1.851 _ 

ot s::;,i:^l;;!:?j '" t^ ^' •" ^'p""™*- or inspections 

nnrkefTL ^■'■"^'''"'^- »"'l ''^o"S''t to the Ri hmond 
market. The quanlity of flour e.vported to Brazil for the 

=iii: =:*«!■:---- 

York, Ball.more, etc. The amount of other forei^ ^, n 
Dients of flour in 1^51 wns 1'm;jc 1 1 1 , ""^ """P- 

1S.52 to 1S,!22 bal^els ' ' '''°'' '""""^'^'l " 

tI^U^k, "■■■""" '" '^°"^'''''"'*.™J steadily increasin<r, 
t cit,. and ,ron ore abounds in the country bevond Ke<.- 
ulaMmes^of steam packets run to Norfolk.^aitim'^e.^nd 

The population has increased within the last 10 or 15 
sears more rapidly than at any previous period Of ,1. 
pn^n.p„p,datio„^abo„„w.„f^jarebi:krp::^;.,:^ 
S^20 5 f^^:-,-^^%i^--'n 1830, 10.000; in 

-ionofthecitygiv^il'^tryl:::;^:^^,^,;;- 
Tho cemeteries are noted for their beauty and ^^^. 

S Jo'^f ?'''''"""''"■' ™ ""' '■'^■"'^^'1 ".v-hite men in 
1009 : Uie town w.as founded in 1742, and made the capital 



ot the Slate in 17n). In 17S7 it contained about 300 houses 
In ,94 the canal aroiiml the falls was completed, which has 
added so much to its commercial advantages. In 1811 
December 20lh, occurred the sad fire bv which 72 persons 
lost theu- lives in the destruction of the Richmond Theatre, 
among whom wis the then governor of the State. 

Directly opposite to Riclimon.l are its suburbs of Man- 
chester and Spring Hill, which are connected with the cilv 
by three bridges. 

Eirn.MoND, t. and p. o., Walworth county, Wisi- ■ 43 m 
S. E. by E. Madison. Pop. 756. 

RiouMo.N-D Centre, p. o., Ashtabula co., Ohio: 165 m 
N. ¥.. Columbus. 

RiriiMoxD CoBXEK, p. 0., Lincoiu county, 11,:: 15 m S. 
Augusta. 

P.KiiMoxB Dale, p. o., Ross co., Ohio : on W. side of 
Salt cr.. near its junction with Scioto river, 51 m S bvE 
Colunibu.s. ^ 

RiruMoN-D Factory, p. v., Ridimond co., Ga. : SI m. 
E. by N. .Milledgeville. 

Ricii.MOXD Mills, p. o., Ontario co., Jf. Y. .■ 200 m W 
Albany. 

Ru UMOXD SwTriii.T. and sla., Washington co., ff /. • on 
the btonington R. R.. 36 m. S. S. W. Providence. 

Richmond Valley, p. o., Richmond county, ,V. y. ■ 142 m 
S. Albany. 

RiciiMoNDTiLLE, p. V., Pchoharie CO., a: 3:.- on branch 
of Schoharie cr.. 44 m.W. Albany. It has several mechanic 
shops, and 200 inhabitants. 

Rini Patcu, p. o., Alleghany county, I7ri7.; 141 m W 
Richmond. 

Rich Sou ABE, p. o., Northampton county, A: Car.: 81 m 
E. N. E. Raleigh. 

Ricir VAIJ.EY, P.O., Be.lford co., Tmm.: 48 m S S E 
Nashville. ' '' ' 

Ricitft'ALLET, p. o., Wythe co., rir.j.: 204 m. W by S 
Richmond. 

EiciiviEw, p. o., Washington co., ///. .■ 99 m S bv F 
Springlield. ' ' 

EiciiYiLLE, p. Y., St. Lawrence co., K r. ,• on E. side of 
Osweg.atchie r.. 149 m. N. W. by N. Albany. It contains 
several raechaiiio shops, shires, etc. Pop. about 200 

IViiwooo, p. o.. Union co., Ohio : on N. side of Eo<-ucs 

creek, 32 m. N. W. by N. Columbus. 

RicinvooDS, p. o., Izard Co., Ar/.: : 74 m. N. Little Rock 

RiciiwooDS, p. 0., Delaware county, Ind. : 43 m N E 

Indianapolis. ' * 

Rii iiwooM, p. o., Washington co., Me. : 105 m. E. N E 

Aiignshi. 

RicKOE's Bluff, p. o., Gadsden co., F/or. : on E. bank 
of Appalachicola r., 46 in. W. by S. Tallah.assee. 

RiDER-s La.ne, sla., Baltimore co., Md. : on the line of the 
Baltimore and Susquehanna E. E., 10 m. N. Baltimore 
RiDoE, p. 0., St. Marys co., .V,!.: 60 m. S. Annapolis. 
l.iDoE, p. o., Coshocton county, Ohio: 60 m. E. N. E. 
Columbus. 
RiDuE, p. o., Livingston co., K T. : SIS m. W. Albany. 
EiDcE, p. c, Edgeneld district, S. Car. : 36 m. W. S. W. 
Columbia. 

RiDGEUuitY. p. v., Fairfield co., Conti.: 52 m. S.W.byW. 
DartPird. It contains a church, several mechanic shops', 
and about 2no iiih.ibitants. 

RiiiGEBirRY, p. Y., Orange county. A': K; 90 m. S. S. W. 
Albany. It contains an academy, several stores, and 200 
inhabihmts. 

RiDGEDUKY, I. and p. o., Bradford co., Pam. .-Ill m. N. 
Ilarrishurg. Drained by Bcntley and South creeks, which 
fiow into Tioga river. Surface hilly; soil gravelly loam 
Pop. 1,4110. 

EiDGE Farm. p. o., Vermillion county, III.: no m E 
Springfield. 

EinoEi-iELii. I., nuron co., Ohio: SO m. N. by E. Colum- 
bus. Drained by branches of Huron r. Surface elevated 

725 



KID 



KIN 



and rolling ; soil of average fertility. Monroev,lle, i.Uh^ t 
I intersected E. and W. by the Cleveland, Norwalk and 
Toledo E. R., and N. and S. by the Mansfield and banduskj 
E E. Pop. 1,9-W. 

EmGEFtELD, t. and p. cTairfield county, Omn. ; .54 m. 
g w l>y W. Hartford. Drained by Saugaluck and Nor- 
way rivers, which aiTord water-power, and an E. branch 
of Croton r. Surface elevated ; soil a fertile gravelly loam. 
The V in the 8.. is situate on one long street, and contains 
several churches, an academy, several factories, workshops, 
stores, etc., and about SO dwellings. The view from this t. 
is extensive and beautiful-Loug Island Sound, 14 m. dis- 
tant, being seen to advantage. Pop. of t. 2,33i. 

EmoE Geove, P.O., Macon county, ^to. : « mdes E. 

Montgomery. . 5.1 m "N 

EtDGE Hall, p. 0., Baltimore county, Ml. 83 m. JS. 

Annapolis. w to- 

ErooELAND, p. o., Uenry county, Ohio: 107 m. N. TV. 

Columbus. .rp. 

EiDGELET, p. 0., Madison county, III: 61 m. b. by «. 

Springfield. ^ ,^, ,, 

EiBGELET, p. o., Platte CO., Mo. : on E. side of Platte r., 
160 m. W. N. W. Jcfl'erson City. 

EiDGELT, Macon Co., Ala.: 40 m. E. Montgomery. 

EiDOE Post, p. 0., Davidson CO., 7V™. 

EmoE Prairie, p. o.. Saline co., J/c: on 8. side of Black 
river, 04 m. W. N. W. Jefferson City. 

EiDGE Spri.no, p. 0., Pitt county, if. Car.; To miles E. 
Kaleigb. „ .-' __■ 

EiDGEViLLE, p. 0., Carroll county, Md. : 45 m. N. N. W. 

Annapolis. , , p ,».„ 

EtDGEviLLE, p. v.. Warren CO., Ohio: on a branch of the 
Miami r., 06 m. W. S. "W. Columbus. 

EiDGEviLLE, p. 0., Cook CO., Ill: 1T6 m. N. E. Springfield. 

EIDGEVILLE, p. v., Hampshire co., rirg.: 151 m. M. W. 
by N. Eichmond. 

EiDGEviLLE, p. o., CoUetou dlst., S. Car. : 
Columbia. 

EmoEviLLE, p. v., Eandolph county, Inil 
Mississinewa r., 64 m. E. N. E. Indianapolis. 

ErooEviLLE C0RSE1.8, p. 0., Henry county, 0!uo: 120 m. 
N. W. by N. Columbus. .r „ « T? 

EmGEWAT, t and p. o., Lenawee Co., 3M. : 66 m. S. E. 
by S. Lansing. Drained by Little Eaisin r. and S. branch 
of Macon r. Pop. 634. 

EiDGEWAY, p. o., Muskingum county, Ohio: 51 m. b. 

Columbus. „,t! „ w 

EmoEWAT, t. and p. 0., Orleans co., K T.: 245 m. W. 
by N. Albany. Drained by Oak Orchard cr. Surface ele- 
vated, but level ; soil fertile. There are numerous factories 
and mills in the t, and the Erie Canal and the Eochester, 
Lockport, and Niagara Falls E. E. pass through its S. part. 

Fop. 4,591. 

EmGEWAT, p. T. and sta., Warren Co., 2V. Car. : 49 m. 
N. N. E. Ealeigh, on Gaston and Ealeigh E. E., 6S m. from 
Ealeigh, 29 m. from Gaston. 

EmOEWAT, t., p. o.. .and cap. Elk county, re„n. : 123 m. 
N W Harrisburg. Drained by Clarion r. and its branches. 
Surface uneven; soU of average fertility. Farming is the 
principal occupation. The v. on Clarion r. is a eonsiderabU; 
place and has several manufactures. The "Elk County 
Advocate" is published here. Pop. of t. 800 
EmoEWAT, p. V. and sta., Fairficl.l dist., & Car: on the 
■ Charlotte and South CaroUna P.. E., 22 mUes N. by E. 

Columbia. „^ ttt 1 a 

E.DGEWAT, t and p. y., Iowa CO., Wise. : 80 m. VT. by S. 
Madison. Pop. of t. 704. 

EiDGEwooD, p. o., Fauflcld district, & Car.: 2o m. N. 
Columbia. „ . , p „ 

EinoTi's. p. 0., Stephenson co., TU. : on E. side of small 
branch of Peeatonica r., 171 m. N. Springfield. 

E1KGEL8YILLE, p. 0., Bucks CO., Pem.: 89 m. E. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 
726 



75 m! S. S. E. 



: on N. side of 



EiEXii, p. v., Tishemingo co.. Miss. : 194 m. N. E. by N. 
Jackson. ^ 

EiFLE river, ilidi. : rises in 8. part of Oscoda co., flows S. 
through Ogemaw co., and S. E. through Arenac co., mto 
Saginaw bay. _ v- xr w 

EiFLE Point, p. 0., Concordia par., £a. : i2 m. JN. JX. n . 

Baton Eougc. ^ , „ 1 iv.„„i. 

EiGA, t., Monroe co., A^. T. : 212 m. W. by N. Albany. 
Drained by Black creek. Surface undulating; soil fertile. 
The Buffalo and Eochester E. E. passes through it, on which 
is Churchville. Pop. of t 2,159. c, ,, 1 a 

EiGA, t. and p. o., Lenawee CO., Mich. : 78 ni. S. E. by ». 
Lansing. Bounded on the 8. by Ohio State line. The Erio 
and Kalamazoo E. E. passes through the t., having a station 
at Knight's, 13 m. (torn Adrian, 20 m. from Toledo. Popu- 
lation of L 20s. , , „ . 

EiGA, p. o., Lucas county, Ohio: on E. side of Ottawa r., 
123 m. N. N. W. Columbus. 

EiGG-s Cross Koabs, p. 0., Williamson co., Tenn. : 24 m. 

^' T.^zTvX Vigo CO., Ind. : 64 m. W. S. W. Indmnapolis. 
EiLEY, p. 0., M-Uenry county, III : 1S9 m. :S. I<. E. 

^'euSt^lle, p. v., Wa5-ne county, Penn.: 122 m. N. E. 

Harrisburg. .nr w ve 

Eimeksbitrg, p. 0., aarion co., Penn. : 146 m. W. N. W. 

Harrisburg. 

E1M.GE. t. and p. v., Cheshire county, K JTamp. : 44 m. 
S W by S Concord. Drained by the outlets of a number 
of ponds which flow into Miller's r. of the Connecticut, and 
into the Merrimac r., affording extensive water-power. The 
principal ponds are called Manomonack, Emerson, Peslcy, 
Lon.-, Grassy, and BuUet. These ponds abound in excel- 
lent'fish, and they were formerly much frequented by the 
Indians for procuring fur, etc. The soil is fertile, the land 
for the most part inclining to the S. Iron ore is ound here 
as also a species of paint resembling Spanish brown, and 
nearly equal to it in quaUty. Eindge, formerly called 
E0WI.EV Canada, or Monadnock No. 1, was incorporated 
in 176S, when it received its present name. It has some 
light manufactures. The T. is located in S. part of the town. 
Poo. of 1. 1,274. , .^ .^ A 

EiNGGOLD county, la. Sitoate S. toward the W, and 
contains 620 sq. m. Drained by head branches of One 
Hundred and Two r., and branch of Elkhorn r. Surface 
generally level; soil fertUe. Set off since 1850. 

E.NGG0LD, p. 0., Co.,k county, lU.: 170 m. N. N. E. 

Springfield. www 

EINGGOLD, p. 0., Jefferson Co., Penn. : 12b m. W. N. \v . 

Harrisburg. ro .r, p hv S 

EiNGGOLD, p. 0., Morgan county, Ohio: CS m. E. by b. 

"gL, p. v.. and sta., Walker CO., Ga..- on Western 
and Atlantic E. E., 116 m. from Atlanta, and 24 m. Irom 
Chattanooga, and 179 m. N. W. MiUedgeville. 

EiNGGOLU, p. o., Cherokee co., Ala.: 1.38 m. N. N. E. 
Montgomery. ._. 

EiNGGOLD, p. o.,Washington co., Md. : To m. N.W. by W. 

Annapolis. xt irr 

EiNGGOLD, p. 0., BienviUe parish, La.: 1,4 m. N. W. 

Baton Eouge. m -vr w 

EiNGGOLD, p. c, Platte county, Mo.: 157 m. W. N. W. 

.Jefferson City. ,„ v w 

EiNGGOLD, p. o., Montgomery county, rmn. ; 43 m. N.W. 

Nashville. Tt- c ATT 

EiNGGOLD, p. o., Pittsylvania CO., Virff. : 120 m. W. b.W 

Eichmond. 

EiNGGOLD, p. 0., La Grange county, Ind. : 126 m. N. by E. 
Indianapolis. , „ , 

EiNGoES p. v., Hunterdon co., K Jer.: at foot of Eock 
Mountain, ']5 m. N. N. W. Trenton. It is a small manu- 
facturing village, c<uitaining an academy, several stores, 
etc., and about 250 inhabitants. 



KIN 



KIV 



RixGwooD, p. 0., M'Henry co., IlL: 1S9 m. N. by E. 
SpriugfieUi. 

liixGWooD, p. o,, Halifax county, H. Car. : 66 m. N. E. 
Ealeigh. 

ICiNOSA, p. o., Iroquois co., HI.: 136 ni. N. E. Springfield]. 

Kio, p. v., Coweta county, Ga. : 104 m. W. by N. 
Mille.lgeville. 

Kio Abiba county, N. Jf'^.r. Situate gfiiorally belwci'n 
lat, odO so' and 37^ N., and exlfiiding Irnni (lie Ciililornia 
State line to Taos and Santa Ferountieson tlie UioGnimlt-', 
and contains an area of 56,<iO0 sq. m. Tlie i>nl> part inliali- 
ited by civilizcnl man is that bordering on the Kio Grande-, 
where are several pueblas. The western part is overriui by 
thcMavajos, Pali-Utah, and other Indian tribes, and drained 
by the Colorado and its ti'ilmtaries. Farms 164; manuf. — ; 
dwell. 1,6S4, and pop.— wh. 7,741), fr. cul. 2— total 7,751. 
CupiUii : Cuchillo. 

llio GRAJiDE, p. 0., Gallia county, Ohio: 90 m. S. S. E. 
Columbus. 

Itio Grande river. See New MESiro. 

llio Gkaj^de Cfty, p. v., and cap. Starr county, Ttw. ; on 
£. bank of Eio Grande, opposite the ccntlnt-nce of Kio San 
Juan, 94 m.W. N.W. Matamoras, anil -276 m. S. W. by S. 
Austin City. RinggoM Barracks, located here, is a United 
Slates military post. The city is surrounded by a good agri- 
cullural country, and is a flourishing place. Steamboats jiiy 
here regularly from Matamoras and other places on the 
river, 

EtPi.Ei' county, Ind. Situate S. E., and contains 439 
eq. ra. Drainer! by Graham's and Laughery's creeks, trib- 
uiaries of the Ohio r. Surface in general level, but on the 
streams part of the land is hilly; soil fertile. Chief pro- 
ductions, wheat, Indian corn, and sugar. It contains some 
factories, which have taken advantage of the extensive 
water-power supplied by the streams. The understratum 
in the uplands consists chiefly of blue limestone. Farms 
1,495; manuf. 49; dwell. 2X67, and pop.— wh. 14,T'J4, fr. 
col. 96— total 14.S20. Capital: Versailles. PHblicWurk:^: 
Ohio and Missi-ssippi K. K. ; Lawrenceburg and Upper 
Mississippi R. K. 

lUi'LEY county, Mo. Situate S. toward the E., and con- 
tains 1,0S9 sq. m. Drained by Current r. and its branches, 
and by branches of Big Blackwater r. Surface hilly ; soil 
varied. Along Ihe streams the land is fertile and pro<luc- 
tive in corn and tobacco ; in the uplands il is well adapletl 
to grazing. Timber is found in abundance. P'arms UoS; 
manuf. 7; dwell. 445, and pop.— wh. 2,731, fr. col. 13, si. SG 
—total 2.8:30. CtipiUd: Doniphan. 

KiiM.EY, t. and p. v., Somerset co.. Me.: 49 m. N. N. E. 
Augusla. Drained by Maine stream, emptying into Moose 
pond, which i>asse9 through it. It is an e.\eellent farming 
town, raising wheat and other grains in abundance. l*i)p. 
of t. &41. 

Kii'LEY, p. v., and cap. Tippah co., J/m. .* ITS m.N. N. E. 
Jackson. It contains the eourl-liouse, jail, etc. The "11. 
AiiveriJser" (dem.) is published weekly. 

Kii'i.EY p. v., Brown co., ///. ; about 2 m. S. of Crooked 
creek, a branch of Illinois r., 53 m. W. l>y N. Springtiebi. 

Rrpi,EY, t. and p. o., Chautauque county, K Y. : 312 m. 
"W. by S. Albany. Drained by Twenty Mile creek, flowing 
into Lake Erie. Surface hilly ; soil day loam, nnxed with 
sand, and feriile. lis principal settlement is tiiiiiicy vidage, 
through which the Bufl"alo and State Line K. K. pa.-*.se3, 
65 ni. from Buffalo, Pop. 1,732. 

Kii'i.EY. p. v., Brown co., 0/tin: on (thio r., at junction 
of Ked Oak creek, about 56 m. above Cincinnati, 90 m. 
S. by W. ('olumbus. This is a very flourishing v., has a 
number of mills and factories, and 4 churches. The " Kip- 
ley lice" (whig) is issued weekly. Vo\). 1,7S0. 

RrpLEY, p. v., and cap. Lauderdale co., Teiiyt. : S. of 
Cane cr., a branch of Big Ilatchie r., 156 ni. W. by S. Na.Hli- 
villc. It contains the county buildings, an academy, and 
about 400 iuhabitants. 



KiiLEv, v., and cap. Jackson co., Virg.: on a creek of 
Ohio r., about 30 m. E. Mount Pleasant, and 240 m.W. N.W 
Richmond. Pop. 22S. 

Ripley's, p. o., Tyler co., Virg. : on Middle Island cr., 
219 m. N. W. by W. Ki<-hmond. 

liiPLKYViLLE, p. o., llurou couuty, Ohio: 75 m. N. by E. 
Columbus. 

KiPToN, t. and p. v., A'Misnn co., Venn.: 27 m. S. W. 
Moiii])elier. lirained by Middleburg river, whicli affords 
water-power, and along which is some good land. Surlaco 
mountainous, and much broken. The village is siluatud on 
the Koyalton and Ycrgennes turniiike. Pop. of t. 56T. 

KisDoN, p. v., St. Clair co., ///. .• 119 ra. S. Springfield, 
2 m. E. Kaskaskia river, on a small creek of same, afi'ording 
good water-power. 

KisDoN, p. o., Seneca county, Ohio: S4 mUea N. N. W. 
Columbus. 

KisiNG Faw>'. p. v., Dade co., Gu. : near Georgia State 
line, 191 m. :^. AV. Mdledgeville. 

Rising Sun, p. v., and cap. Oliio co., I/kK : on Ohio r., 9 m. 
below Aurora, and S7 in. S. E. Indianapolis. It is pleasantly 
located on an elevated bank, surrounded by a fertile coun- 
try, and is a flourishing business ])Iace. There are cottou 
and woolen factories doing an extensive business. Since its 
est;iblisluuent as the county seat it has improved rapidly. 
It now contains the county buildings, G churches, an acad- 
emy, printing ufllces, a tannery, etc., and a few factories. 
Two newspapers are published weekly, "True Whig," and 
''Rising Sun Mirror" U'l-) 

KisixQ Sux, p. o., Cecil CO., Md.: a few m. E. Ocatara r., 
53 m. N. N. E. Annajfojis. 

Rising Srx, p. v., I'liiladelphia co., Pe?ni. : on the Ger- 
mautown road, 3 m. from Phiiudelpliia, an^l 93 m. E. by S. 
ilarrisburg. 

RiSLEY county, f»i. Situate N. centrally, and contains 
576 sq. m. Drained by Boone river, a tributary of l.tes 
Moines r.. and by Skunk r. and branches. Surface undu- 
lating ; soil fertile. Set off since 1S50. 

Ritchie county, Vi/'i/. Erected in 1S43 out of Lewis, 
Harrison, and Wttod. Situate N. "W., and contains 20S 
sq. m. Drained by the two forks of Hugh's river, a tribu- 
tary of the Little Kanawha. Surface hiUy and broken ; soil 
moderately fertile. Farms 3S5; manuf. 3 ; dwell. 649, and 
pop.— wh. 3,S36, fr. col. 0, st. 16- total 3,902. Capital: 
Ritchie C. U. Public Work:i : North 'Western R. R. 

KiTciUE, p. v., and cap. Ritchie county, Virf/. : 225 miles 
N. W. by W. Richmond. It contains a courl-honse, jail, etc. 

RiTciiiEviLLE, p. v., Dinwiddie county, Viiy.: 37 m. S. 
Richmond. 

KiTTERsviLLE, p. 0., Lehigh CO., Penn.: on N. side of 
Leliigh r., 79 m. E. N. E. Harrisburg. 

RivEn, p. o., Clarion county, Penn.: 151 m. W. N. TV'. 
Ilarrisburg. 

RivEuiiEAD, t, v., and sta., Suffolk co,, N. Y. : bor<lering 
on Long Island Smuid, 67 miles by railroad E. from New 
York, and 133 S. W. (direct) from Albany. P.ounded on 
the S. by Great and Little Peconie bays and IVconic river, 
by Ihe latter of which it is drained. Surface in general level, 
but atiout a mile from the Sound, and extending E. and W., 
is a range of low hills; sod sandy loam. The v. is liK-ateJ 
at the head of navigation on IVconic bay, and contains the 
county hall and surrogate's olliee. It w,is first settled in 
16911, and the first grist-mill erected in 1695; but it was fur 
more than 100 years ere it contained over half a dozen 
dwellings. The courts have sat here f<jr more than a cen- 
tury. It now contains numerous substantial and neat 
dwellings, stores, grist and saw mills, a female academy, 
etc. This place is a considerable depfit for wood from the 
adjacent country. Ligliters are employed carrying il to 
Jamesport. 5 m. below, from which point it is transferred to 
larger vessels, and carried lo different ports. Sufiolk C. IL 
and p. o. is located in this v. The station is on the Long 
Island i;. K. 21 m. W. Greenpurt, and 74 E. from New 

27 



RIV 

York. The" Suffolk Gazette" is a weekly (whig) issue. Pop. 
oft 2,540. ^ , ^ 

EivEP. Hill, p. o., White co., Tenn.: -9 m. E. by S. 
Na'^hvillc. 

EivER lioAD FoKKB, p. 0,, Livingston CO., A'i l". ; 21C m. 
W. Alb.-iny. 

En-EB Side, p. o., Ulster county, M i'. : 5i in. S. by Vf. 
Albany, 

KivEB SmE, p. c, Cumberland cc, 2f. Car.: 4S m. S. 
Ealcigh. 

KivEK Sttx, p. 0., Medina cc, 0/iio : on E. side of branch 
of Chippewa river, 95 m. N. E. by N. Columbus. 

EivERTOvvN, p. v., Campbell county, Ga. : on E. side of 
Chattahoochee r., 96 m. W. N. ^V. Milledgcville. 

Kites, p. v., Eichland county, O/iM : CO miles N. N. E. 
Columbus. 

EivEsviLLE, p. v., Marion county, Vliv- ■' 205 m. N. W. 
Eichmond. 
Eix, p. 0., Ionia CO., J/ic/i. : 83 m. N. "W. Lansintc. 
KixEVTiLLE, p. v., Culjjeppcr CO., Virff. : on branch of 
Eappahannock river, 73 in. N. N. W. Eichmond. 

Eix's Mills, p. o., Muskingum county, Ohio : 49 m. E. 
Columbus. 

Eo.in Hall, p. o., Lycoming county, Penn.: T4 m. N. 
Harrisburg. 

EoADSTovvN, p. v., Cumberland county, N. Jer. : 60 miles 
B. S. W. Trenton. 

Eo.vDviLLE, p. v., Charleston dist., S. Car. : 95 m. S. E. 
Columbia. 

EOANE county. Term. Situate toward the E., and con- 
tains 4GS sq. m. Tennessee r. passes centrally through it, 
by whicli and by Clinch r. and tlieir branches it is drained. 
Surface level ; soil a fine, deep loam, and very fertile, and 
produces wheat, Indian corn, cotton, etc. Farms 842; 
manuf 21 ; dwell. 1,S12, and pop.— wh. 10,526, fr. col. 116, 
si. 1,5+4— total 12,1S5. CiJi/*i' .' Kingston. Public Wurlcs : 
Georgia and East Tennessee K. E. 

KoAN MonKTAis, p. 0., Carter county, Tenn. : 263 m. E. 
Nashville. 

EoANOKE county, Virg. Situate toward S. V., and con- 
tains 322 sq. m. Drained by head branches of Staunton 
river. Surface uneven and mountainous ; soil fertile, and 
adapted to grazing. Chief products wheat, Indian corn, and 
tobacco. Farms 405 ; manuf. 5 ; dwell. 925, and pop.— wh. 
5,813, fr. col. 154, si. 2,510— total 8,477. CajiUal ; Salem. 
Public Worts. : Virginia and Tennessee E. E. 

EoANOKE, p. v., Eandolph county, Ala. : 73 m. N. E. 
Montgomery, 7 m. "W. Georgia State line. 

EoASOKE, p. v., Genesee co., JV. Y. : on Allen's cr., 228 m. 

W. by. N. Albany. It contains a furnace and several mills. 

EoANOKE, p. o., Huntingdon co., Ind.: on W. bank of 

Little r., on the Wabash and Erie Canal, 89 miles N. N. E. 

Indianapolis. 

EoAXOKE, p. 0., Eandolph CO., Mo.: 60 m. N. N. W. 
Jefferson City. 

EoASOKE river, VJrg. and AT. Car.: is formed by the 
junction of Staunton and Dan rivers, near the S. boundary 
of Virginia, and flows inio the head of Albemarle Sound. It 
is navigable to the great falls at Halifa.x, 75 m., for vessels 
of 46 tons. A canal round the falls opens the navigation for 
batteaux, to the junction of Staunton and Dan rivers, both 
of which are navigable some distance for boats of 5 tons. 

EoASOKE BF.rDGE, p. 0., Charlotte co., Virg.: 68 m. 
S. W. by W. Eichmond. 

Eoan's Ceeek, p. 0., Carroll co., Tenn. : 96 m. W. by S. 
Nashville. 

Eoaeinq Ckeek, p. c, Montour co., Penn. : 46 m. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

KoAEiNG Speikg, p. o., Trigg co., Si/. : 192 m. 8. W. by W. 
Frankfort. 

EoBBiNSTON, t and p. v., Washington co., Jte.: 13 1 m. 
E. N. E. Augusta. It is located on the Schoodic or St. Croix 
r., opposite SL Andrew's, in New Brunswick. There are 
T2S 



ROB 

several ponds in the t, by the outlets of which it is drained. 
This place has great navigable privileges, and it is the site 
of consi'lerable ship-building. The manufacliire of lumber 
is carried on to a great extent, and forms the chief com- 
modity of trade. The manufacture of woolen gootls and 
flour is also carried on. The v. is on the bank of SL Crobc 
r., and near its mouth. Top. of U 1,U2S. 

EoitEisoN's Cross Eoads, p. o., Bledsoe co., Tenyi.: 
96 m. E. S. E. Nashville. 

Eodeut's Cornebs, p. o., Jefferson co., X. Y.: 145 m. 
N. W. Albany. 

EoBEKTSOi'^ county, Tenn. Situate N. toward the W., and 
contains 484 sq. m. Drained Ijy aflluents of Sycamore creek 
and Eed river. Surface undulating; soil fertile, and very 
productive. Tobacco is the sLaple. Cotton is grown, and 
good crops of wheat and corn are raised. Farms 1.06:! ; 
manuf. 63 ; dwell. 1,995, and pop.— wh. 11,504, fr. col. 25, 
si. 4,616— total 16,145. Capital: Springfield. 

EoBERTSoN county, TfX. Situate E. centrally, and con- 
tains 946 sq. m. Drained by Little Brazos river ami branches, 
and tributaries of Navasola river, which forms its eastern 
boundary. Surface undulating; soil in general fertile, and 
on the streams very rich and highly productive. It yields 
excellent crops ol cotton, corn, and potatoes. It has much 
prairie land covered with weeds, llie soil of which, when 
the weeds are burnt off, is, on account of its liglitriess, very 
valuable, it being so easy of cultivation and very fertile. It 
has extensive beds of coal and irou ore. Farms IS ; manuf. 
; dwell. 132, and pop.— wh. 670, fr. col. 0, si. 264— total 
934 Capital: Franklin. 

KoBEETSON's Stoee, p. o., Pitlsylvania CO., Tirij. : llSm. 
W. S. W. Eichmond. 

EoBEKTSoxviiLE, p. o., Sullivan co., N. K ; 85 m. W. by S. 
Albany. 

EoBEETSvrLLE, p. T., Ecauforl dist,, S Ca-r. : on a branch 
of Savannah r., 96 m. S. by W. Columbia. 

KoBEEKViLLE, p. V., Anderson CO., Tenn.: 156 m. E. 
Nashville. 

EoEEsoN county, K. Car. Situate S. toward the W., and 
contains 890 sq. m. Drained by Lumber river, and head 
branches of Little Pedee river. Surface moderately level ; 
soil fertile, and favors the growth of cotton. Much of the 
land is well adapted to grain and grazing. Chief produc- 
tions cotton and Indian corn. Farms 1,112; manuf. 10; 
dwell. 1,513, and pop.— wh. 7,290, fr. col. 1,171, si. 4,365— 
total 12,826. Capital: Lumberton. 

EoBESos, p. o., Brunswick co., M. Car. : 100 m. S. by E. 
Ealeigh. 

EoDESos, t and p. o., Berks county, Penn. : 51 m. E. 
Harrisburg. The Schuylkill river bounds it on the N. E. 
Drained by Alleghany and Il.ay creeks of the Schuylkill. 
Siu-face uneven, in parts hilly ; soil gravelly and sterile. 
Iron deptisits are in the vicinity, and a forge which, in 1850, 
produced 600 t.ms blooms. The L contains several flouring, 
grist, anti saw mills, stores, etc. 

EoBiSA, p. v., Panola co.. Miss. : 132 m. N. Jackson. 
Drained by a creek of Tocanapatafa river. 

EoBiN's Feeet, v. and sta., Merrimac CO., A'! Jlamp.: 
on the right bank of the Merrimac r., and on the Con- 
cord and Nashua EaUroad, 80 m. N. Nashua, and 5 m. S. 
Concord. 

EoBiN's Nest, p. o., Peoria CO., 111. : on small branch of 
Kickapoo cr., 69 m. N. Springfield. Jubilee College, located 
here, is an Episcopal seminary. 

EoBiNSoN Ceeek, p. o.. Pike co., Ky. : 149 m. E. S. E. 
Frankfort. 

EoBissoN C. II.. p. T. and cap. Crawford co.. 111. : 121 m. 
E. S. E. Springflold. It is located 8 miles W. of the 
Wabash, and contains the county buildings, etc. 

EoBissoss, p. o., Darke co., Ohio: on N. side of Green- 
ville cr., 79 m. W. by N. Columbus. 

EoBissoN's Cnoss Eoads, p. o., Bentonco., J;J-.; 144m. 
N. W. Little Eock. 



ROB 



BOC 



Kobcsson's Mili£, p. 0., Meoard co., ///. ; 27 m. N. W. 
Springfield. 

EoBi^soN's Spring, p. o., Autauga en., Ala. 

Kogin'son'sStoke, P.O., Lincoln CO., Tenn.: 66 m. S. byE. 
KasUville. 

KoBio's, sta., Chesterfield eo., Virfj. : on the Eichmond 
and Danville II. K., 10 in. 9. "W. liichmnnd. 

KomsoNviLLE, p, o., Bedford co., Penn. : 79 m. W. by S. 
Ilarrisliurg, 

lloB KoY, p. v.. Fountain eo.. Ind. ; on B'ts: Sliawnce cr.. 
63 m. X. W. by W. Indianapolis. Pleasantly situated, and 
has valuable water-power. 

EoE KoY. p. o., JetTL-rsun co., A rk: : on N. bank of Arkan- 
sas r., at mouth of Plum bavim, -Sfi ni. S. K. by S. Little liock, 

Koby's Cornkh, v. and sta.. Merrimac eo.. A'. JTamp. : on 
the Concord and Clareuiont K. K., -i m. E. Bradford and 
22 m. V,'. Concord. 

EucnEPoitT, p. v., Boone co., 3fo.: on N. bank of Mis- 
souri r., 36 m. N. W. by N. JetTerson City. 

llociiE PoiiT river, J/n. ; rises in S. E. part of Randolph 
CO., and flows S. throutjh Boone co, into Missouri river. 

BoruESTEE, p. v.. S:ini;anion eo., J/L: on W. bank of 
Sangamon r., on line of the 4_ireal Western Central B. II., 
near the junction of the N. and S. forks, S m. E. N. E. 
Springfield. 

EocuESTER, p. v., and cap. Fulton co., Ind. : on S. bank 
of Mill cr., a tributary of Tippt-eanoe r.. S9 ra. N. Indian- 
apolis. Contains tlie co. huildinpt, which are neat struc- 
tures. Mill cr. affords valuable water-power. Pop. 1,401. 

EocnESTEE, p. o., Butler county, Ay.; 117 m. S. "\V. 
Frankfort. 

EocHESTEn, t. and p. v., Plymouth county, 3/(r.w. ; on the 
"N. "W. side of Buzzard's bay, 44 miles S. by E. Boston. 
Drained by Matlapoisett, Sipioan, arid Weweantic rivers, 
the two former rising in ponds in the L, empty into the bay, 
and form excellent harbors. Surface varied; some parts 
are rocky and unfit for cultivation, while other parts are 
clear, with excellent soil. The streams afford extensive 
water-power. The manufactures consist in ship-build insr. 
salt, bar iron, leather, etc. A number of vessels are owned 
here and employed in the coastincr and fishing trade. The 
whale fishery is carried on to a considerable extent, and the 
largest sized ships are engaged in the trade, bringing large 
quantities of oil annually. The principal village in the t. is 
called Matlapoisett, at the head of the harbor so called. 
Eochester v. is located centrally, equidistant between We- 
weantic and Matlapoisett rivers. Pop. of t. 3.S03. 

EocnESTER, p. v.. Oakland county. Mich.: on N. bank of 
Clinton r., at junction of Paint cr., 50 m. E. by \ S. Lansing. 
"Water-power is afforded by both streams, and improved by 
a few mills, etc. 

EocH^TER. p. v., Andrew co., Mo. : on E. bank of Platte 
river, 16.5 m. N. W. by W. Jefferson City. 
! Eochester, t. p. v., and one of the caps. Strafford county, 
IT. Ramp. : on Salmon r., which bounds it on the E., 26 m. 
E. Concord. Drained by CV>eheco r.. running through, and 
Isinglass river crossing its S. part, affording excellent mill 
privileges. Surface uneven, with many swells, the princi- 
pal of which is Squamanagaunieh hill ; soil deep, rich, and 
w*on cultivated. It contains a number of valuable farms, 
chiefly located on the hill. In the W. part of the t. oak of a 
hard and stony character is ftmnd in abundance. Several 
villages are in the town, the most noted for ils trade being 
Korxcaij Plavn.o, the principal thoroughfare from the upper 
towns in the counties of D<iver and Plymouth. About 2 m. 
S. W. is another v., called Squnmiinagamu'ck, on the Co- 
cheeo r., named after the falls at that place, and is also a 
point of considerable trade. This town was incorporated in 
17T2, and the first permanent settlement made in 172S. 
Until 1760 it w.-ls a frontier town, and is a place of historical 
note. The marmfactures of Eochester consist in woolen 
goods, leather, flour. Iuml)er. oil, etc. The v. is connected 
with Dover and Alton bay by the Cocheco E. E., 10 m. from 

U4 



tie- f>rniL-r and 1^ ni. fnmi the hitter i>Iace, ami also with 
Wiltoti and Great Falls by the Great Falls and C'mway 
E. E., 6 m. X. Great Falls, and 5 m. S. from Wilton. In 
both an agricultural and manufacturing point this is a 
flourishing [ilace. It contains a nuniher of manuraetorica, a 
bank, etc. Pop. of t. 3.Miifi, 

KocuKSTER, p. o., Jackson par., La.: US m. N. W. by N, 
Baton Eougc. 

RoruESTER, p. city, piirt of entry, and cap. Monroe county, 
A1 }'. ; is situated on both sides of Genesee r., 7 ni. S. from 
ils entrance into Lake Oidario; by railroad 2r«2 m. W. of 
Alljany, and 6S m. E. hy N. from Buffalo. Lat. (Eochester 
House) -i'-P OS' 17" N. ; long. 77=^ fA' AV. from Greenwich. 
The city is laid otit with general regularity, having wide 
and handsome streets, many of which are lined with shade 
trees. lis site is somewhat uneven in surface. It rests upon 
a bed of liines^totn', Imt a few feet lielow the surface, and 
greatly used for buil'ling and other purposes. In summer, 
at low water in the r., its hed of this linn-stone is exposed, 
exhibiting for a long distance a solid base of rock. The 
area occupied hy dwrlliugs is very large for llu^ population, 
the houses for the most part being separate dwellings. The 
E. and W. parts of the city are couneeted by Tj bridges. 
The principal street, called Main Street, nn the K. side, and 
Buffalo Street, on the W. side, is a very long, bmad, and 
handsome avenue, passing over the central bridge, and 
lined wilh the principal stores, hotels, etc. The blocks of 
stores, and houses generally, are noted for their neat 
appearance. Brick an<l stone are the prim-ipal building 
materials within the limits of the fire districts. Several 
large parks are reserved as public grounds, of which the 
principal is Washington Square. The Court-house, on lUif- 
falo Street, is a large and elegant structure, wilh hand- 
some granite portico, containing the county and city ottices. 
The Arcade is a handsome marble building, coniaiiiiug tlio 
post-ofhce, and is a hall of great resort, with numerous 
business offices, etc. The Western House of Befuge for 
juvenile deliriquents, a State institution, is a very extensive 
establishment, about H ro. ^- of the centre of the city, coJi- 
taining from 20(i to 30ii lads, confined for reformation. Tho 
building is a very large etlifice of brick, presenting an im- 
posing appearance, and is surrounded by work grounds and 
farm of several acres. The hotels of the city are gi-nerally 
very large and handsome buildings. The public schools 
have fine buildings ;md are well conducted. Private schools 
are numerous, and there are several female academies. 
The University of Eochester, established in IS-I", has S pro- 
fessors, 109 students, and 3.000 volumes in library. The 
Eochester Theological Seminary (Baptist), also established 
here in 1S50, had, in 1S51-52, 2 professors, 29 students, and 
3,000 volumes in library. The Alheuaium, a popular insti- 
tution, has a good library of 5,000 volumes, and annual 
courses of lectures. The periodical press, in lS.-)0, consisted 
of 19 regular issues, viz., 3 dailies, "E. Democrat" (whig), 
"Advertiser" (dem ), "American" (whig), each of which 
also published tri-weekly and weekly editions; weeklies, 
'•Eural New Yorker'* (agric.), "Star of Teuiperatu-e,'' 
"North Star"' (anti-sla.), "Genesee Evangelist" (Presb.), 
" Christian Guardian" (Univers.), " Advent Harbinger" 
(Sec. Adv.); semi-monthlies, "Christian Sentinel" (Uni- 
vcrs-). "Flag of Freedom;" monthlies, "Genesee Farmer" 
(agric.) and " Eclectic Journal" (med.) There are about 30 
churches, some of which are fine structures, and 2 large 
orjdian asylums. The city government is vested in a 
mayor, recorder, and common couueil, all of whorn are 
elected annually. The common schools are governed by a 
hoard of education, composed of two members from each 
ward. The city is divided into 9 wards, is gem-rally well 
paved and provided with sewerage, and is lighted by gas. 
Water is abundant from welts. The principal city ni.nrket 
is a commodious structure, on tho W. bank of the r. The 
city almshouse is in IheS, suburbs. 

The rapid growth and prosperity of the city have resulted 

T-J9 



ROC 



ROC 



IVom the natural advantages of ^roat waler-power here 
aflurdcii by the Genest-e river. 'Wiihia the city limits ther. 
has a t-fJla! liescent of 26S feet, in which are 3 successive per- 
pendicular falls of 96, 20, and 105 feet, and 2 rapids. The 
first great falls of 96 feet are a little N. of the centre of the 
city, and bifore they were disfigured by the construction of 
walls in tlie centre of the stream above for mechauieal pur- 
poses, they afforded at high water a very grand appearance. 
From a projecting point in its centre the notoriims Sam 
Patch made his last and fatal leap. Below the first cataract 
the r. flows broad and deep for 1^ ra. to the second, where 
it has a jierpendjcular fall of 20 feet, and thence pursues a 
noisy and rapid course for about 25 rods to the third and 
last fall, by which it descends 105 feet. Through the entire 
distance from Ihe upper to the lower fall it flows through a 
narrow ravine, over 100 feet deep. The depression of the 
stream commences considerably above the flrst falls, and in 
■J m. has a fall of 12 feet, easily used for manufacturing pur- 
poses. On each side of the r. canals have been extensively 
constructed for the mills. Another power of considerable 
amount is created by the feeder for the Erie Canal, which 
comes from the r. nearly 2 m, above. 

The immense water-power thus afforded is used by va- 
rious mills and factories, but chiefly by flouring-mills, which 
are the principal business establishments of the city. In 
iSoO there were 22 mills, with 100 runs of stone, nearly all 
of which were employed on flour. An approximate esti- 
mate of the amount of flour manufactured annually is 
600,000 barrels, or 3,000.000 bushels. Of this amount, about 
1,640,454 bushels are left here by canal and railroad, leaving 
1,359.546 bushels to be made up by receipts from wagons, 
and this is about equal lo the product of the county. The 
following table exhibits the amount left here by the Erie 
and Genesee Valley Canals for a series of years: 

Y«*ar9. Cualielg. Yearg. Biisliels. Tears, Eu!*liel?< 

1S44.... S^.Ul 1S4T .... 1,77S,116 1S50 .... 1,215,759 

1S45 .... 1,169,2S1 1S4S .... 1,443,133 1S51 .... 1,465,454 

1846 .... 1,503,546 1S49 .... 1,426,436 1S52 .... 1,435,301 

Thequautitieaof flour shipped for the same series of years 
are as follows : 

Years, Bbls. Years. Bbls. Yenrs. Ebla. 

1S44 400,388 1S47 631,574 1850 552,729 

1845 518,318 1S43 534,426 1351 500,330 

1S46 540,232 1849 570,757 1852 53S,G30 

To the amount shipped should be .idded the amount con- 
sumed by 40,000 inhabitants, and the large population of the 
suburbs and vicinity. 

Other manufactures are extensively prosecuted. There 
are several iron furnaces, casting principally stoves, agricul- 
tural implements, etc. ; and numerous large machinery 
works. The edge tool factory of Barton & Co. employs about 
two hundred men; and the scale factory of Durj-ee & Co. 
is also very largo. A large stone cotton factory, 6 stories 
high, when in full operation, employs two hundred persons. 
There are several woolen factories, fulling-mills, large boat- 
yards, breweries, tanneries, last factories, large factories of 
cabinet furniture, etc. There are 5 banks, with aggregate 
capital of $930,000, 2 savings banks, and several insurance 
companies. 

Rochester enjoys good facilities for transportation of its 
imports and exports. The Erie Canal, giving it connection 
with the E. and W., here crosses the Genesee r. by a splen- 
did aqueduct. 804 feet long, resting upon 11 arches, erected 
at a cost of $80,000. The Genesee Valley Canal, completed 
to Dansville. 52 m.. affords aceess to the interior. Though 
the r. is boatable above the city to Mount Morris, 45 m., it is 
lilUe used for that purpose. The total value of property left 
at R. by both canals, during 1852, was $5.236,994 ; value of 
amount cleared, do., $4,304,762. The lines of railroads here 
centering are, llochester and SjTacuso 11. K., 104 m. ; Ro- 
chester and Syracuse direct E. E., along the line of the 
canal; Buffalo and Rochester E. E., OS m. ; and Rochester, 
730 



Loekport, and Niagara Falls R. E., 76 m. The Genesee 
Valley E. E. is in construction. 

Rochester is the port of entry for Genesee collection dis- 
trict. The river is navigable for steamboats, etc., from Lake 
Ontario to the landing, 24 miles below the centi-r of the city, 
A line of steamboats from Oswego to Lewisinn arrive aud 
depart daily, and a line from Canada tri-weekly. The total 
tonnage of Genesee district, on June 30lh, IS.^0, was 1.037 
tons, all of which was "enrolled and licensed," permanent, 
and employed in the coasting trade. During the year pre- 
ceding, tlie number of clearances for foreign countries was 
215 — 40,077 tons ; number of entrances,- do., the same statis- 
tics. Vessels built during the year, 1 schooner— 53 tons. 

Population— in 1312, 15; in 1815, 331; in 1820, 1,500; in 
1S25, 4.274; in 1S30, 10,863; in 1835, 17,160; in 1840, 20,191 ; 
in 1345, 25,265; in 1850, 86,561. The E. side of the river 
has of late increased \\a population in greater ratio than 
the W. side. R. was laid out in 1S12, incorporated as a v. 
in 1817, and as a city in 1834. In 1312 it contained only 2 
wooden frame buildings. It has frequently suffered heavy 
losses by fire, but has overcome these reverses. The agri- 
cultural district surrounding it is among the most fertile in 
the Union, and has contributed greatly to its prosperity. 
The health of the city is affected by the proximity of the 
lake, and sudden changes of the weather, high westerly 
winds, etc. ; but is generally good. Mt. Hope Cemetery, in 
the S. suburbs, is an extensive inclosure of the most beauti- 
ful grounds, improved by art, splendid monuments, etc. 

EocnFBTEB, t. and sta., Lorain county, Ohio : 84 m. N. E. 
Columbus. Draine<! by W. branch of Black river. The 
Cleveland, Columbus, and Cincinnati E. R. passes through 
the t., 41 m. S. W. from Cleveland, and 214 m. N. E. ft-om 
Cincinnati. Pop. 896. 

EocHESTEB, p. v., Warren co., Ohio: on E. side of Little 
Miami r., 69 m. S. Vr'. Columbus. 

EocHESTEE, t. and p. v., ^Vindsor county, Vetvn.: 30 m- 
S. by W. Montpelter. Drained by White r. and branches, 
from which is derived excellent mill-power. Surface 
mountainous, and in parts much broken ; soil good for 
grazing, and some excellent tracts of meadow land. The v. 
has a pleasant location on the left bank of White r, and 
commands considerable trade. The manufactures consist 
of leather, flour, lumber, etc. Pop. of 1. 1,493. 

Rochester, p. v., Racine co,, Wise. : on N. side of branch 
of Fox r., 61 m. E. S. E. Madison. Pop. 1,672. 

EocuESTBR, p. v., Beaver county, Pe/ni. : on E. bank of 
Beaver r.. at its junction with the Ohio r. an<l on the line of 
the Ohio and Pennsylvania E. R., 25 m. N. W. Pittsburg, 
156 m. W. by N. Harrisburg. Coal and iron are abundant in 
the vicinity. 

Rochester Mills, p. v., Wabash co.. III. : on right bank 
of Wabash r., about 2 m. above Coffee Island Eajiids, and 
137 m. S. E. Springfield. 

EocK county, Wisr, Situate S., and contains 720 sq. m. 
Rock r. passes centrally through it, by which and its branch- 
es it is drained. Surface level; soil fertile. Agriculture is 
the leading pursuit. Farms 1,905; manuf. 125; dwell. 3,CIS, 
and pop.— wh. 20,636, fr. col. 22— total 20,708. CapiUd: 
J;inesville. Puhlic Works: Milwnukie and Mississippi 
Railroad, Beloit and Madison R. R., etc. 

Rock, p. o. and sta.. Plymouth co., M(ifii>. : on Cape Cod 
Branch of Fall River R. R., 5 m. S. Middleboro' and 37J m. 
S. by E. Boston. 

Rock, p. c, Lancaster county, Penn.: 80 m. E. by S. 
Harrisburg. 

Rook river. Wise, and III. This river has its principal 
source in a region of lakes and swamps in the vicinity of 
Fox r. of Green bay; flowing south for some distance, it 
takes a south-westerly direction till it enters the Mississippi 
about 3 m. below Rock Island. After traversing some dis- 
tance in Wisconsin it is joined by the Catfish, a smay 
stream rising in Dane county, and connecting together the 
" Four Lakes," the head waters of which have their com- 



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mencement in a swamp a few miles south of Fort Win- 
nebago. It then continues its course S., entering Illinois, 
where It receives several tributaries, the principal of which 
are the Green, Turtle, Pecatonica, Sycamore, and Kjto 
rivers. The navigation is seriously obstructed by what are 
denominated the Upper and Lower Eapids. The latter at 
Vandruff's Island, about 3 m. above its mouth, are caused 
by a formation of calcareous rock three-fourths of a mile in 
extent, and completely crossing the stream, which is here 
divided by the island into two channels. Between Ibis point 
and Prophetstown, a distance of about 5"2 m., is free from 
any obstruction, having a £;ooil channel, varying in widtli 
from SCO to 1.00(1 feet, in which there is never less than 4 
feet water. The t()tal fall for this distance is 2S S-10 feet, 
and the velocity of the current about 3 m. per hour. Op- 
posite Proplu'tstowu are shoals varying from 3 to 4 ft-et at 
low water. The Upper Kapids, at llarrisburg, extend 1} ni.. 
the total fall in that distance being S^ feet. From this point 
to Kockford, a distance of 63 m., the obstructions arc slight, 
being only 2 or 3 movable sandbars. The bed opposite 
Eockford is a smooth, soliil rock for 2C0 yar<l3, and the 
water at its lowest stage from 2 to 2| feet. Toward the bead 
the land is marshy, with ridges of sand and tracts of rich 
undulating soil interspersed. In this region is the Terre 
Tremblant, or trembling land, which takes its name from 
llie shaking of the surface while passing over it. In gen- 
eral, till it reaches the State line, the country is beautifully 
undulating and the soil rich and productive; but in Illinois 
a large portion through which it passes is prairie. Along 
its banks are numerous tracts of richly timbered land. 
Coal of a bituminous nature is found in the bordering re- 
gions, and also some stone quarries, which supply a good 
building material. The water privileges it affords, and also 
its tributaries, are many and excellent. The Eockford and 
Iloek Island R. R. runs along the valley of this river. Ca- 
naling and other improvt-uients are contemplated so as to 
render the navigation certain at all seasons. 

lioCK creek, D. C. : separates Georgetown from "Wash- 
ington city, and enters the Potomac r. Two bridges cross 
it near its mouth. 

RooKAWAY, p. T. and stn., Morris co., 2i^. Jer. : on Rock- 
away r., on the Morris and Essex R. K., 31 m. N. W. 
Newark, 47 m. N. by E. Trenton. 

RocKAWAY, p. v., Queen's co., N. IT; on Rockaway bay, 
near the Atlantic shore, 143 m. S. by E. Albany. 

Rockaway beach. Queen's co., N. Y. : a peninsula situ- 
ated between Jamaica bay and the Atlantic Ocean, 16 ra. 
S. E. from New York and 143 m. S. from Albany. Far 
Rockaway and Near Rockaway are names of villages. The 
latter is located on Rockaway bay, near the ocean, and 
contains several stores, a ship-yard, lumber-yard, etc., and 
a number of coasting sloops and schooners are owned here. 
At this place is a monument erected to the memory of Ihnse 
who perished by shipwreck from on board the ships Bristol 
and Mexico, in 1S36-7. 

Rock Bottom, p. o., Middlesex co., Mass. : 23 m. N. W. 
Boston. 

Rockbridge county, T7'V' Situate centrally, and con- 
tains 652 sq. m. Drained by affluents of North r., a main 
branch of James r., which it joins a little above its passage 
through the Blue Ridge. Surface, though in general moun- 
tainous, is diversified with fertile valleys ; soil various. 
Chief products, wheat and Indian com. with tobacco. This 
county contains the celebrated Natural Bridge over Ced.ir 
cr., from which it takes its name. Farms 666; manuf. 57; 
dwell. l.OOS, and pop.— wh. 11,4S4, fr. col. 864, si. 4,197— 
total 16,045. Capital: Lexington. 

RncK Bp.idgb. p. v., Gwinnett co., Ga.: on E. bank of 
Yellow r., 71 m. N. "W. Milledgeville. 

RocKBEiuQE, p. o., Grccne county, III. : 47 m. B. W. 
, Springfield. 

RocKBBiDGE, p. V., and cap. Ozark co., Mo. : 127 m. S. 
Jefferson City. It contains the court-house, jail, etc. 



Rock Castle county, fCi/. Situate S. E. centrally, and 
contains 312 sq. m. Drained by branches of Dicks' and 
Rock Castle rivers. Surface elevated, and forms a ridge 
separating the waters of the Cumberland r. from those of 
Keutui'ky r. — the land is well adapted to grazing; soil fer- 
tile, and generally productive. Staples, wheat and Imlian 
com. Farms 441; manuf. 3; dwell. 746, and pop. — wh. 
4,2-^9, fr. col. 33, si. 375— total 4.697. Capital : Monnt Yer- 
non. Puhlic Worlds: Kiioxville and Lexington R. R. 

Rock Castle, p. v., Patrick co., Virff. : 147 m. W. S. W, 
Riehmond. 

Rock City, p. v., Duchess co., iV! Y. : on small branch 
of Hudson r., 49 m. S. Albany. 

Rock City, Cattaraugus co., iV. 5"'.; 7 ni. from Fllicotte- 
viUe and near the line between Great and Little Valley — is 
a remarkable natural curiosity. Tlie rock is here conglom- 
erate, large masses, fnim 15 to 35 feet high, have been left 
standing isolated, and are separated by alleys and passages 
of various widths. The whole area covered by these blocks 
is near 100 acres. The scene is in the highest degree im- 
posing, and impresses upon the beholder the conviction, 
that the name has not been improperly chosen. 

Rock City Mills, p. o., Saratoga county, jY. Y.: 29 m. 
N. by W. Albany. 

Rock Cp.eek, p. o. and sta., Carlholomew co.. ///(/. ; on 
the Madison and Indianapolis R. R., 34 m. from Madison, 
and 51 m. S. S. E. Indianapolis. 

Rock Creek, p. o., Carroll co., 77/. .- 153 m. N. Pi)ringfleld. 

Rock Creek, p. c, Cedar county, la. : on K. side of 
Cedar r., 19 m. E. Iowa City. 

Rock Ceeek, p. o., Somerset county, Md. : C3 m. S. E. 
Annapolis. 

Rock Cueek, p. o., Lewis county. Ay. ; 93 m. E. N. E. 
Frankfort. 

Rock Creek, p. o., Franklin co., Ala. : 1S5 m. N. N. W. 
Montgomery. 

Rock Ceeek, p. o., Orange co., X. Car. : 56 m. W. N. W. 
Raleigh. 

Rock Creek, p. o.. Yell county, Ar^. : 77 m. W. N. W. 
Little Rock. 

Rockdale, t. and p. o., Crawford county, Pnui. ; 192 ra. 
N. W. llarrisburg. Drained by French cr. and tributary 
of Alleghany r. It has limited manufactures. 

Rockdale, sta.. Licking co., Ohio: on the Central Ohio 
R. R., IS m. W. by N. Zanesville, and 40 m. E. by N. 
Columbus. 

Rockdale, p. o., Chenango co., K. Y. : 95 m. W. by S. 
Albany. 

Rookd.vle, p. 0., Rand<ilph co., Ala. : S6 m. N, E. by N. 
Montgomery. 

Rockford, p. v., and cap. Winnebago co.y/il.: at the 
rapids on Rock r.. 170 m. N. by E. Springfield, ami on the 
Galena and Chicago Union R. R., 92 m. N.W. by N.Chicago. 
It is located on a high and fertile prairie on the W. side of 
the river, and contains the court-house, jail, etc. Immense 
water-power is derived from the rapids, and there are some 
good mill-seats. Steamboats come up to this place. The 
" Rockford Forum'' (whig) is a weekly issue. Pop. 2.093. 

Rockford, p. v. and sta., Jackson co., Ind. : on E. side of 
East fork of White r., and on the Jeffersonville R. i;., 52 m. 
N. Jeffersonville, an<l 55 m. S. by E. Indianapolis. 

Rockford, p. v., and cap. Surry co,, A'. Car, : on N. side 
of Vadkin r., 125 m. W. N. W. RaU-igh. 

Rockford Cot'rt-iioi'se, Coosa co., Ala.: on a branch 
of Hatchet cr. of Coosa r.. 34 m. N. Montgomery. 

Rook Grove, p. o., Stephenson co., III. : on a branch of 
Rock r., 151 ra. N. Springfield. 

RorK Hall, p. v., Kent county, Md. : 15 m. N. E, 
AnnaiK>lis. 

Rock Haven, p. o.. Mead county, Jii/. : 75 ra. W. by S. 
Frankfort, 

Rock Hill, p. o., SL Louis county, Mo. : 99 m. E. 
Jefferson City. 

731 



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Rock Hill, p. o., Marquotte Co., Wise. : 44 m. N. by E. 
Madison. 

EncKiiOLD's, p. 0., Whitley county, iy. ; 101 m. S. S. E. 
Frankro^^ 

KucKnoLD'8, p. 0., Sullivan ca, Tmn. : 244 m. E. by N. 
Nashville. 

KocK House, p. o., Sumner oo., Tenn. : 31 m. N. E. 
Nashville. 

Rock norSF,,p.o., Hocking co., OJno:i2m. S.E. Columbus. 

EocKiiousE pRAiBiE, p. c, Buchanau co., Mo.: 15-4 m. 
TV. N. W. JefftTson City. 

RocKiNGnAM county, y ITamp. Situate S. E., and con- 
tains 812 &q. HL drained by Lamprey and Squamscot 
rivLTs and Ihoir affluents. Surface generally uneven ; soil 
fi-Ttile, and generally well cultivated. The face of the coun- 
try is diversified with numerous lakes or ponds, the princi- 
pal of which are Great Bay, in the N. E., and Massubesic 
pond in the W. It has many important manufactures. 
Farms 3.S11 ; manuf. 9S4 ; dwell. 9,113. and pop.— wh. 50,SG9, 
fr.col. 117— total 50,9S6. Capitul : Exeter. Public Work^: 
Eastern R. R. ; Boston and Maine R. R. ; Maiioliester and 
Lawrence R. R. ; Portsmouth and Concord R. R. ; Ncw- 
buryport Braneh R. R., etc. 

Rockingham county, X. Car. Situate N., and contains 
412 S(i. ra. Drained by Dan r. and its branches, and head 
branihes of Haw r. Surface elevated, and in some parts 
hilly, and well adapted to grazing; soil very fertile, aiid to- 
bacco is grown considerably, forming one of its staples. 
Farms 717; manuf. 43; dwell. 1,693, and pop.—wli. SMI, 
fr. col. 419, si. 5,3->9— total 14,395. Capital: Wentworth, 

RoCKr>xnAM county, Tirg. Situate centrally, and con- 
tains 709 sq. m. Drained by Shenandoah r. and its branch- 
es. Surface broken, and in parts mountainous ; soil vari- 
ous, adapted to grazing in the uplands — along the streams 
very fertile. Chief products, wheat and Indian corn. Some 
tobacco is also grown. Farms 1.213; manuf. 167; dwell. 
8,047, and pop.— wh. 17,498, fr. col. 465, si. 2,331— t*.tal 20,294. 
Capntal: Harrisonburg. 

Rockingham, p. v., and cap. Richmond co., J\' Car.: on 
Hitchcock's or., SI m. S. "W. Raleigh. It contains a court- 
house, jail, etc. 

Rockingham, t. and p. v.. "Windham county, Yeiiii. : is 
delightfully located on W. side of Connecticut river, 7S m. 
S. by E. Montpclier. Drained by AVilliam and Sextas 
rivers, tributaries of the Connecticut r. Surface uneven ; 
soil fertile. Its agricultural products are large, and it has 
extensive manufactories. The location of the t. renders it 
a mart of much interior trade, and h.ns caused the erection 
of a number of neat and pleasant villages. In the Connecti- 
cut r., near the S. E. corner of the t, is '' Bellows Falls," 
around which is an interesting locality of minerals. The 
rocks are principally gneiss. The river here is compressed 
into a narrow strait, between steep rocks, and for nearly a 
quarter of a mile has a rapid flow. A canal, with 9 locks, 
passes round these falls. A bridge (erected in 17S5) spans 
the river at this point. Immense water-power is derived 
from the streams and falls, and used for manufacturing 
purposes. The manufactures consist of woolen goods, pa- 
per, leather, flour, lumber, etc. The station is on William's 
river, and on ihe Rutland and Burlinirton R. R., 114 m. 
S. E. Burlington; and the Vermnnl ValK-y R. R. passes 
through the t. The '■ Republic" (whig) is a weekly issue. 
Pop. of t. 2,857. 

Rock Island county. III. Situate N. W.. and contains 
425 sq. m. Drained by Rock r. and r.iher affluents of the 
Mississippi, which forms its \V. boundary. Surface undu- 
lating; si.il fertile, particularly along the Mississippi. Farms 
585 ; manuf. 11 ; dwell. 1,246, and pop.— wh. 6,935, fr. col. 2 
—total 6.93T. Capital: Rock Island. PuhliG Works: 
Chicago and Rock Island R. R., etc. 

Rock island, Rock Island co.. III.: a large island in the 
Mississippi r., 93 m. below Savannah, and 131 m. N. N". W. 
Bpringfield. It is S m. long and about li m. wide, with 



limestone rock for its base. On it stands Fort Armstrong, a 
strong and neat fortification of the U. States. On two sides 
the rock is 20 feel perpendicular in height above the river, 
and forms the foundation of the fort. The S. point of the 
island is elevated about 40 feet above the level of the river. 

Rock Islakd, p. o., Auslla county, Tex. : 95 m. E. by S. 
Austin City. 

Rock Island, p. o., "Warren county, Tenn. : on S. side of 
Caney fork of Cumberland r., 71 m. S. S. E. Nashville. 

Rock Island City, p. v., and cap. Rock Island county, 
III. : at the junction of Rock river with the Mississippi 
river, .50 miles below Van Buren, and 131 miles N. N. W. 
Springfleld. It has been laid out on an extensive plan, is 
rapidly increasing, and promises to become a place of con- 
siderable importance. It contains a court-house, jail, etc. 
The position of the city is one of the best on the Upper 
Mississippi, and the country surrounding it affords fine agri- 
cultural facilities, limber, limestone, and coal in abundance, 
large quantities of which are transported to other points. 
The " R<ick Island Adverlisc-r'' (whig) is a weekly issue. The 
Chicago and Rock Island R. li. has its terminus at this point. 

Rock Island Rapids commence at Rock Island, just above 
the mouth of Rock r., and extend 15 m. up the ^Mississippi, 
with a descent of 21 feet 10 inches. The navigation at ihis 
point at low water is much obstructed by ledges of rock, 
which extend across in various places. The United States 
government has done something for their improvement. 

Rockland county, K Y. Situate S. E., and contains 
172 sq. m. Drained by Hackensack r., Ramapo and Saddle 
rivers, branches of the Passaic, and small streams of Hud- 
son r., which bounds it on the E. Surface hilly, and in 
some pans mountainous and much broken; soil generally 
fertile. It lias some valuable minerals, and contains some 
fine beds of magnetic iron ore, and quarries of variegated 
marble. Large quantities of ice are exported to New Tork 
from this county. Chief protlucts, wheal and Indian corn. 
Farms GS2 ; manuf. 144; dwell. 3,011, and pop.— wh. 1G.3G3, 
fr. col. 594— total 10,962. Capital: Clarkstown. FuUic 
Works: New York and Erie R. R. 

Rockland, t. and p. o., Sullivan co., N. Y. : 73 ni. S. W. 
Albany. Drained by Beaver Kill and branches, tributary 
of the Delaware. Surface hilly and mountainous; soil va- 
rious, fertile in the valleys. It has good water-power, and 
there are several mill-seats. Pop. of t. 1.174. 

Rockland, t. and p. o., Venango county, Penn. : 1G4 m. 
W. N. "W. Harrlsburg. Bounded on the W. by the Alle- 
ghany r. Drained by Red river. Iron ore abounds in the 
vicinity, and there are two furnaces, one moved by steam, 
of l.GuO tons, and one moved by water and steam-power, of 
l,35it tons annual capacity. 

RocKLANii, sta., Baltimore co., Md.: on the "Westminster 
branch of Baltimore and Susquehanna R. R., 9 m. N. by W. 
Bidtimore. 

Rockland, t. and p. o., Lincoln co.. Me. : on the W". coast 
of Ftnobscol bay, and includes Owl's Head, 40 m. S. W. by 
W. Augusta. Formerly called East Thomaston, and taken 
from Thomaston in 1S43. Drained by a branch of the St. 
George r. It has a fine harbor, and is famous fjr the man- 
ufacture of lime, obtained from the inexhausliblo limeslone 
ledges in tlie vicinity, and shipped in large quanliiies to 
different parts annually, and an excellent quality of granite 
(quarried by the convicts in Thomaston) is shipped from 
this poinL Ship-building is carried on here, and it is a 
place of considerable maritime commerce. It has steam 
communication with Boston and Bangor, from which latter 
place it is distant about 55 miles. A large number of ves- 
sels pass here daily. It ci>nlains a bank ; and the "Rock 
Gazette" (neuL) is a weekly issue. Pop. of t. 5,052. 

Rockland Lake. p. o., Rockland co., N". Y.: 103 m. S. 
Albany. Rockland lake is a body of very pure water, 5 m. 
in circumference, 200 feet above the level of Hudson river, 
chiefly valuable for its ice, which is used in supplying the 
New York market. 



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EocKLAND MiLi^, p. 0., AuguaUi covinly, Virff. : 101 m. 
"W. N. TV. Richmond. 

EocK Mills, p. o., Hancock eountv. Gu. : on W. eide of 
Ogeechee r., 35 m. E. N. E. Mil!eds;eville. 

EocK Mills, p. o., Andi^rson (list., S. Car.: on W- side 
of branch of Savannah r.. 103 m. "W. N. W. Cohimbiru 

KocK Mills, p. o., Randolph counly, Ala.: 37 m, N. E. 
Monlgomi-ry. 

KocK Mountain, DeKalb co.. Ga. : a bigii, solitiiry peak, 
2,22() feet above the stream which winds around it* base. 
It is about T m. In circumference. 

Rock Foist, p. c, Independence co., Ark.: on S. side 
of Saline cr., 69 m. N. E. by N. Little Eock. 

EocKPORT, p. o., Hot Springs co.. Ark. : on E. side of 
Ouachita r., 40 m. 8. W. by "W. Little Hock. 

EocKPORT, p. o., Pike co., III. : on Ihe Snycartec Slough, 
74 m. W. by S. Springfield. 

EocKPoRT, p. v., and cap. Spencer co., Inrf. : on N. bank 
of Ohio r., 15 m. below Maxville, 134 m. S. S. "W. Indiaii- 
ap'jlis. It is located on Eock Lady ^Vasbin;5t'in,a formation 
of sandstone, which rises in a circular fi-rm to the height of 
Si) feet above the first bank of the river, presenting a bold 
front. The position is very commantiing. and tlie surr*^'iind- 
ing country is exceedingly rich and fertile, prodnt-ing large 
crops of corn, etc. It contains the county buildings, a tan- 
nery, ship-\nrd, etc. 

EorKi'op.T, I. and p. v., Essex co., J/f/.«s. ; comprises all 
the t-eaward portion of the extremity of Cape Ann, 31 m. 
N. E. Boston. There are two pleasant villages in the t., 
Sandy Bay and Pigeon Cove, about 1 ni. ajiart, at both of 
■which are artificial harbors for small vessels. Although 
the t. derives its name from the chararter of its shores and 
surface, it contains many large tracts of clear laud. At 
Pigeon Cove are extensive quarries of granite. This t. is 
of much resort in the summer months. There are some 
stores and a bank, capital $100,000. Pop. of t. 3,'J55. 

EocKPORT, t, p. o., and sta. Cuyahoga co., Ohii>: on W. 
side of Eoeky r., near its entrance into Lake Erie, the N. 
boundary of the t,, IIC m. N. N. E. Columbus. The Cleve- 
land, Columbus, and Cincinnati E. E. passes through its S. 
part. 7 m. from Cleveland. Pop. ],44l. 

EocKPORT, p. 0., Carbon county, Penn,: 70 miles N. E. 
Ilarrisburg. 

EncK Prairie, p. o., Eock county, Wise. : 35 m. S. S. E. 
Madison. 

Eock Praikie, p. v., Dade county, Mo.: 116 m. S. W. 
Jeffi-Tsun City. 

Eock Quakry, p. o., Pope co., Ill,: on N. side of Ohio r., 
174 m. S. S. E. Springfield. 

EucK EiFT. p. o., Delaware co.. A'. T. 

Eock Eiver, p. o., Fond du Lac co., Wise. : 62 m. N. E. 
Madison. 

Eock Ecn, p. c, Stephenson county, HL: 1T3 miles N. 
Springfield. 

Eock Eiuf, p. o,, Harford co., 3[if.: 49 m. N. Annapolis. 

EocKSBUEG, "Warren county, A'. Jf/-. ; 4ti m. N. ^y. by N. 
Trenton. 

EocKSFORD, p. o,, Tuscarawas co., Ohio: S3 m. E. N. E. 
Columbus. 

Eock Spring, Walker co., Ga. : on W. side of branch of 
Chickamauga r., a tributary of Tennessee r., 174 m. N. W. 
Milledgeville. 

Eock Spring, Orange co.. X. Car.: 47 m. N. W. Eahigh. 

Eock Springs, p. o., Cecil county, Md. : 52 m. N. E. 
Annapolis. 

Eock Station, sta., Plymouth co., jWa-fs. : on Cape Cod 
Branrh U. E., 5 m. from Middleboro', 24 m. from Boston. 

Eock Stream, p. o. and sta., Yates county, A' Y. : on W. 
bank of Seneca lake, 164 m. W. Albany. The Canandaigua 
and Klmira E. E. passes through, 40 m, from Canandaigua, 
and 27 m. from Elmu-a. 

Eockton. t, and p. v., "Winnebago co.. HL : on Eock river, 
1S3 m. N. Springfitld. The t. lies chiefly on the W. side of 



Eock r., and is also well watered by Pekatonica r. flowing' 
E. ihrnugh its centre, and by N. Sugar cr., which drains its 
N. portion and enters the Pekatonica 6 m. above its nioulh- 
Surface midulaling ; soil rich prairie land, with some limber. 
The T. i9 on E. si-ie of Rock river. 

Eocktox, p. V. t:nd sta., Herkimer county. Al Y.: 01 m. 
"W. N. W. Albany. Formerly called Little Falls. S\:rrace 
oft. hilly and mountainous? soil sandy and argillaceous 
loam, waliTed by Mohawk r.. on the S. side of which nms 
the Erie Canal, and on the N. side tile Ulica ami Schenec- 
tady E. E. The V. is beautifully situated on both sides of 
the Mohawk r., and is of some resort for ila romantic scen- 
ery. The gap through which the r. passes is comparatively 
narrow, and on both sides the wooded hlMs rise from 950 to 
400 feel. Their bases are of sandstone, above which are ex- 
tensive beds of blue limestone, much used for building pur- 
poses. The canal here ascends in the si)ace of a mile, by 4 
locks, about 40 feet. It is supplied witli water by a feeder 
carried across the r. bya handsome aqueihict of 3 arches, 
one of 70 feet, and two of 50 feet span. At one point the 
brow of a hill projects into the river, by which Ihe canal was 
constructed, with expensive tliggings and cmbnuknient-*, 
and by occupying a part of the river bed for the c:nial. 
The river has here a fall of 42 f.-et in half a mile, am>rdu)g 
great water-power. Its bed is of granite gneiss, very Ivard, 
but easily quarried fiir buiMing slon'-s, an-l abounding with 
quartz crystals. The v. is principally on the N. side of the 
river, and contains several flouring, plaster, and paper 
mills, woolen factory, machine shop, several furnaces, and 
other manufactories; 1 bank, capital .t200,0int, academy, 
and 5 churches. Two newspapers are issued weekly, 
"Mohawk Courier" (dem.). and "Herkimer JournaP 
(whig). The v. is sujiplied wilh water fn>m a spring in 
the hills, 300 feet above the tops of the houses. Pop. of I. 
in 1S4'), 3,S.S1 ; in lS5i). 4,S55. 

Eock Valley, p. o., Marshall co., Virg. : 233 m. N. "W. 
Eichmond. 

Rock Valley, p. o., Hampden co., Mass. : 7^ m. W. by S. 
Boston. 

EocKviLLE, p. v., "Washington county, li. /.: IS m. "W. 
Newport. 

EocKviLLE. p. v., Tolland county, Conyi. : ll miles N. E. 
Hartford. A flou^i^hing manufacturing v., having several 
cotton and woolen niilh. 

RocKviLLE, p. v., Putnam county, G(t. : 15 miles N. 
Milledgeville. 

EocKviLLR. p. v.. Will CO., 111. : 1 m. E, of Iroquois river, 
127 m. N. E. Sprhigtield. 

EocKviLi.E, p. v.. and cap. Parke eo., />,(/. ; on W. side 
of branch of Liitle Raccoon cr.,54 m. AV. Indianapolis. It is 
on elevated ground, and .surrounded by an extensive tract 
of rich and beautifully rolling land, comprising some of llie 
best farms of the State. It was first ectlled in 1S23. aii"l now 
contains the usual county buihlings, a flourishing counly 
seminary, female academy, and 6 churches. The "Parke 
County "Whig" is published weekly. Pop. about 1,200. 

EocKViLLE. p. v., Delaware co., la. : on E. bauk of 
branch of Makoquela r., 51 m. E. N. E. Iowa City. 

EocKviLLE, p. 0., "Waldo CO., 3fe. 

EocKviLLE, p. v., and cap. Montgomery co.. Mil. : 33 in. 
W. by N. Annapolis, on Vv^. side of Eock creek of Polouiac 
river. It contains the usual county buildings. The " Mary- 
land Journal" (whig) is issued weekly. Pop. Sl'i. 

EocKviLLE, p. v., Norfolk county, Jfa.-i^.: on "W. sivie of 
Charles r., 22 ra. S. V>', Boston. Has some manufactures. 

EocKviLLE, p. o., Allegany co., A'. I'.." 21S m. W. by S. 
Albany. 

EoCKVILLE, p. 

Raleigh. 

EoCKVILLE. p. ' 

S. by "W. Columbus. 

RncKVii.LE, p. v.. Chester county, P^!nl. : 61 miles E. S. K. 
HarrLsburg. Here isa cold blast charcoal furnace of I.OOO toaa 

T33 



. v., Rowan co., X. Car. : 111 m. "W. by N. 
, Adams CO., Ohio: on the Ohio r., S3 in. 



KOC 



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annual cnpacily, which amount U made la 1S49, employing 
75 men, using water-power. 

KocKviLLE, sta., Perry county, Penn. ; on Pennsylvania 
E. K., 7 m. W. by N. from Ilarriaburg. 

PvOCKViLLE, p. v., Monroe co., Tenn.: 151 m. E. S. E. 
Nashville. 

EocK\TLi.E, p. 0., Hanover Co., Tiiy. 

EocKviLLE, p. o., Lexington district, 3. Car, : 15 m. W. 
Columbia. 

EocKviLtB Cbntee, p. 0., Queeu's Co., 2f. T. : 132 m. 8. 
Albany. 

EocKWELL, p. v., Bond Co., lU. : on E. side of W. fork of 
Shoal creek, 64 m. 8. Springfield. Surrounded by flrsl-rate 
prairie land. The " Western Evangelist" is issued monthly, 
and the '• Primitive Preacher" quarterly, both Baptist pub- 
lications. 

EocKWELt,, p. c, Pickens district, S. Car.: 125 miles 
N. W. by W. Columbia. 

EocKY river, K Car. : rises by numerous branches, which 
drain the whole of Cabarras co., flows E., and empties into 
the Yadkin river, 

EocKY river, S. Car. : rises in Anderson dist., flows S. 
through W. part of Abbeville dist., and empties into 
Savannah river. 

EocKT B.\Tou, p. o., Izard co., Arl: : on E. side of Eock 
cr., S5 m. N. by E. Little Eock. 

EocKY BaANCn. p. o., Greenup co., Kf/. : 118 m. E. by N. 
Frankfort. 

EocKT CoMTOBT, p. 0., Sevier co., Ark. ; 124 m. W. S. W. 
Little Eock. 

EocKT Ckeee, p. 0., Iredell CO., 2f. Car.: on Eocky cr., 
12S m W. by N. Ealeigh. 

EociiY FoED, p. o., Pontotoc cc, Jfiss. ; 146 m. N. N. E. 
Jackson. 

EocKY Gap, p. o., Tazewell CO., Virg. : 231 m. W. by S. 
Eichmond. 

EocKT IIiLL, p. v., Hartford co., Conn. : on W. side of 
Connecticut r., "i m. S. Hartford. It is a pleasant lillle v., 
containing a Congregational church, etc. Some vessels are 
built here. 

Eocky Hill, p. 0., Barren eo.,Ki/.: 97 m. S.S.W. Frankfort. 

Eocky Hill, p. v., Somerset co., Jf. Jer. : on W. side of 
Millstone r., 12 J m. N. N. E. Trenton, containing a few mills, 
a woolen factorj-, and stores. 

Eocky Hill, p. o., Jackson CO., Ohio: 63 m. S. by E. 
Columbus. 

Eocky Mills, p. c, Lavacca co., Tex. : 76 m. S. E. Austin 
City. 

EocKT MotJNT, p. v., Meriwether co., Ga.: 90 m. "W. 
Milledgeville. 

Eocky Mou>t, p. o., Kemper co., JUiss. : 103 m. E. N. E. 
Jackson. 

Eocky MotJKT, p. o., Miller co.. Mo. : 29 m. "W. 8. W. 
Jefferson City. 

Eocky Moiint, p. v. and sta., Edgecombe CO., ^. Car. : on 
N. bank of Tar r., 49 m. N. E. by E. Ealeigh. The TVil- 
mington and Weldon E. K. passes through the v., 87 m. 
from "Weldon, and 125 m. from "Wilmington. 

Eocky Mount, p. o., Fairfield disL, S. Car. : on "W. side 
of Catawba r., 83 m. N. by E. Columbia. 

Eocky Mount, p. v., and cap. Franklin co., Virff. : on 
N. side of Pig r., a tributary of Eoanoke r, 134 m. "W. S. "W. 
Eietiniond. It contains a court-house, jail, stores, tannery, 
and an iron furnace, which employs 100 laborers. Pop. 
about 450. 

Eocky Nareows, p. o., Monroe county, Ohio : 99 m. E. 
Columbus. 

P.ocKY Plains, p. o., Hcwton co., Ga.: 53 m. N. "W. 
Milledgeville. 

Eocky Point, p. o., Scott co., Tirg. : 231 m. "W. by 8. 
Richmond. 

Eocky Poist, p. o., Attala eo., Mi^s.: 53 m. N. N. E. 
Jackson. 

731 



Eocky Point, sta., New Hanover county, A^. Car.: on 
"Wilmington and "WelJon EaUroad, 14 m. N. by E. 
"Wilmington. 

Eocky Eitee, p. 0., "Warren CO., Tenn. : 70 m. E. S. E. 
Nashville. 

P.OCKY EuN, p. o., Columbia co.. Wise. : 33 m. N. Madison. 

Eocky Spring, p. o., Jackson co., Ala. : 184 m. N. by E, 
Montgomery. 

Eocky Spuing, p. c, Claiborne co., ifiss. ; 87 m. "W.N."W. 
Jackson. 

Eocky Spetng, p. c, Grainger co., Tam.: 179 m. E. 
Nashville. 

Eocky Well, p. v., Lexington dist., S. Car.: on the S. 
side of Saluda r., 20 m. W. Columbia. 

EoDGEu's EoAD, sta., Erie co., A^. Y. : on the BufTalo and 
State Line K. E., 10 m. S. Buffalo, and 2S9 m. W. Albany. 

EoDMAN, t. and p. v., .Jefferson CO., N. T. : on Sandy cr., 
142 m. N. W. Albany, Surface of t. undulating ; soil sandy 
and clay loam of good quality. The v. on Sandy creek con- 
tains 3 churches, saw, grist, carding, and fulling mills, 
several stores, etc. Pop. of I., in 1S40, 1,702 ; in 1850, 1,754. 

Rodney, p. v., Jefferson co., Miss. : on E. side of Missis- 
sippi r., 6S m. S. W. by W. Jackson. It contains several 
stores, and a fine steam saw-mill. Pop. 510. 

EoDN-EY, p. o., Gallia co., Ohio : S3 m. S. 8. E. Columbus. 

EoESFTELD, p. 0., Catahoula par., Zm. : 103 m. N.W. by N. 
Baton Eouge. 

EOGEP.S' Br.rDGE, p. 0., Spartanburg dist., S. Car. ; 83 m. 
N. W. Columbia. 

EoGER's Farm, p. o., M'Lean CO., III. : on W. side of 
head branch of Kickapoo cr., 57 m. N. E. Springfield. 

Roger's Store, p. o., Wake CO., A*! Car. : on E. side of 
Neuse r, 12 m. N. by E. Ealeigh. 

Eogerstille, p. v., Lauderdale co., Ala. : about 4 m. N. 
of Tennessee r., 17S m. N. by W. Montgomery. 

Rogersville, p. 0., Tuscarawas CO., Ohio: 77 m. E. N.E. 
Columbus. 

EoGEiaviLLE, p. 0., Halifax county, Virg. : 93 m. 8. W. 
Riclimond. 

Rogersville, p. o., Madison county, S^ij. .' 49 m. S. K 
Frankfort. 

Eogersville, p. o., Henry co., Intl. : on N. side of head 
branch of Blue r., 46 m. E. N. E. Indianapolis. 

Rogersville, p. 0., Greene co., Peim. : 174 m. W. by S. 
Harrisburg. 

Eogersville, p. v., and cap. Hawkins co., Tenn. : about 
2 m. N. of Holstnn r., 209 m. E. by N. Nashville. It con- 
tains a court-house, jail, several stores, etc. The " E. Times" 
(whig) is published weekly. 

EoiiRERSTowN, sta., LancastcT CO., Petin. : on Columbia 
Branch R. E., 6 m. W. from Lancaster. 

EonRERsviLLE, p. v., Washington CO., Mel. : 76 m. N. "W". 
Annapolis. 

EoHRSBUBG, p. v., Columbia CO., Penn. : on N. side of 
branch of FLxhing cr, 61 m. N. by E. Harrisburg. 

RoKEBY p. o., Morgan county, Ohio: 63 m. E. by 8. 
Columbus. 

EoLESviLLE, p. v.. Wake co., IT. Car. : 41 m. N. E. of 
Neuse r., 15 m. N. E. by N. Ealeigh. Pop. about 2110. 

EoLLERSviLLE, p. V., Sandusky county, Ohio: 97 ra. N. 
Columbus. 

EoLLiN, t. and p. o., Lenawee CO., Mich. : 65 m. S. by E. 
Lansing. Miehcmanetuc or Devil's lake is in its N. part, 
whence flows Tiffin's er. through its W. portion, aflbrding 
excellent water-power. The soil is very fertile, well adapt- 
ed to grain. The v. on the creek contains flouring and saw 
mills. Pop. of L in 1S40, 681 ; in 1850, 1,080. 

Rolling Fork, p. c. Nelson county, A'y. .• 65 m. S. W. 
Frankfort 

Rolling Peaieie, p. o., Marion co., Ark. : 119 m. N. W. 
Little Rock. 

Eollinsfoed, t. and sta., Strafl'ord co., K ITamp.: onW. 
aide of Salmon r., 34 m. E. Concord. This is a new t. re- 



ROL 



ROO 



cently taken from Somersworth, containing Ihu flourishing 
V. of Salmon Falls. Three railroady pass tbrougli the t. : 
Boston and Maine K. E., 71 m. from Boston ; Rraneh R. R. 
to Great Falls, etc. ; and the York and Cumberland K. K., 
now in construction. This t. contains numerous factories, 
fulling-miUs, etc. Pop. 1,S6*2. 

Kolun's Stokb, p. 0., Moore comity, N. Car. : 32 m. 
B. W. by W. Raleigh. 

RoLLiNSviLLE, p. 0., Darlington district, (SI Car.: 63 m. 
E. N. E. Columbia. 

RuMA, p. o., Starr county, 7*^.; on the Rio Grande, 
2S0 m. S. by W. Austin City. 

Rome, p. v., and cap. Floyd co., Ga.: at junction of Eto- 
wah and Oostanaula rivers, IWm. N.W. Milletijceville. The 
Rome R. R. extends hence to Kingston on Western and 
Atlantic R. R., and will be continued S. W. to .Tackaonvitle, 
Ala., there uniting with the Alabama and Tennessee River 
E. R. The V. contains 2 churches, an academy, and stores. 
Two newspapers are published weekly, "Rome Bulletin" 
(whig) and " Southerner" (dem.) Pop. about 800. 

Rome, p. v., and cap. Perry co., Ind. : on N. bank of 
Ohio r., 124 m. S. by W. Indianapolis. It was first settled 
in ISll. It contains a fine brick court-house, stone jail, 
county seminary, and 2 churches. Pop. about 300. 

RoMK, p. v., Henry co., la. : on W. side of Skunk r., 47 m. 
S. by W. Iowa City. 

Rome, t. and p. v., Kennebec co., Me.: 17 ni, N. by W. 
Augusta. It has a large pond on its N. border, another on 
the E., and a third on its S. border, all of which have their 
outlet into the Kennebec, at "Waterville. Incorporated in 
1S04. The V. is pleasant and flourishing. Pop. of t. S30. 

Rome, t. and p. c, Lenawee co., Mich. : 56 m. S. by E. 
Lansing. Drained by head branches of Beaver cr. The 
Boil is fertile, adapti'd to grain. Pop. in 1S40, 1,128 ; in 
1S50, 1,52S. 

Rome, t., p. v., sta., and one of the caps. Oneida co., K. Y. : 
on the Mohawk r., 91 m. W. N. "VV. Albany ; by R. R. from 
Albany 109 m. Surface of t. chiefly level, or gently undu- 
lating; soil a fertile clay and san<iy loam. Drained E. by 
Mohawk r., on which is excellent land, and \Voo«l cr., which 
flows W. into Oneida lake. These streams almost interlock, 
being only 1 m. separate, and were connected by a small 
canal before the construction of the Erie Canal, which was 
bought out when the latter was made. The v. on Mohawk 
r. is built upon the site of old Fort Stanwyx, built in 175S, 
and reltuilt in the RevoUilionary War, and called Fort 
Schuyler. The Syracuse and Ctica R. R. passes through it, 
14 m, from tJtica, SS m. from Syracu.se. Here commences 
the Watertown and Rome R. E., completed to Cape Yin- 
cent, 97 m. The Erie Canal here receives the connection 
of the Black River Canal, affording conununicaliun by water 
with Lake Ontario, etc. The v., incorporated in 1819, is, 
withWhilesboru', a half shire-toiv-n for Oneida co., and con- 
tains a court-house and jail, a flourishing female seminary, 
2 banks, with aggregate capital of $287,200, 6 churches, a 
cotton factory, blast furnace, flouring and saw mills, etc. 
Ucre is a United States arsenal, to which are attached a 
magazine and a number of workshops, Two newspapers 
are issued weekly, "R. Sentinel" (whig) and ''Roman Citi- 
zen" (whig.) Pup. of t. in 1840, 5,680 j in 1S50, 7,918, 

Rome, t. and p. c, Ashtabula county, Ohio : 153 ni. N. E. 
Columbus. Drained by Grand r. and a branch. This town 
was formerly called Richfield. Pop. 744. 

RoMK, sta., Franklin co., Ohio : on Columbus and Xenia 
R. R., S ni. W. from Columbus. 

RuME, t. and p. o., Bradford co., Petm, : on small branch 
of Susquehanna r., 110 m. N. by E. Ilarrisburg. Contains 
a number of saw and grist mills, and has some manufac- 
tures. Pop. about 1.000. 

R"ME. p. v.. Smith CO., Tenn. : on 3. side of Tennessee r., 
47 m. E. Nashville. 
Rome, p. o., -Jefferson co., Wise. : 4*5 m. E. by S. Madison. 
RoiiEO, p. v., Macomb co., Mich. : on S. side of N. branch 



of Clinton r., 78 m. E. Lansing. It is pleasantly situated, 
and is surrounded by an excellent farming country. It 
contains a very flourishing academy, an iron fiunulry, and 
taimerj'. The '*R. Investigator" (temp.) is issu'^d weekly. 
Ko.MEO, p. v., Greene co., Tenn.: 213 m. E. Nashville. 
Romeo, p. o., M'llenry county, Hi. ; 177 miles N. N. E. 
Springfield. 

3vomince's Mills, p. o., Harrison county, Yirg.: 199 ni. 
N. W. Richmond. 

Romnet, p. 0., Tippecanoe co., InJ. : on E. side of "Wea 
cr., a tributary of "Wabash r., 51 m. N. W. Indianapolis. 
It contains a court-house, and about 500 iidiabitauts. 

Komney, p. v., and cap. Hampshire co., Virg. : on E, 
side of S. branch of Potomac r., 142 m. N. by "W. Richmond. 
RoMiTLus, p. o., Tuscaloosa co., Ala. : on W. side of Black 
W.arrior r., 99 ra. N. TT. Montgomery. 

Ro.ML'Lua, t. and p. o., "Wayne county, Mich. : 64 ra. S. E. 
Lan.->iiig. Pop., with Taylor and Van Buren, 2,S3S. 

ItoMULUs, t. and p. v., Seneca co., N. Y.: lies between 
Cayuga and Seneca lakes, 159 m. "W. Albany. The surface 
is high in the centre, declining E. and W. toward the lakes ; 
soil of good quality, well adapted to wheat. The village is 
a small settlement, containing a church, tavern, a few stores, 
etc. Pop. 2,040. 

RoxALi>, t. and p. o., Ionia co., 3tiv7i.: 31 m. N. "W. Lan- 
sing. Drained by Prairie cr. of Grand r. and its branches. 
Pop. 452. 

Rook's creek, Livingston county. III. : 64 miles N. E. of 
Springfield. 

RoNDouT, p. v., TTlster co., K. Y. : on N. side of Rondout 
cr., 1 m. above its entrance into the Hudson r., 52 m. S. by W. 
Albany. It derives its business importance principally from 
the Delaware and Hudson Canal, which terminates at Eddy- 
ville, 2 m. above, whence the canal-boats are towed by 
steamboats. In the vicinity are found large quaiiUliea of 
hydraulic cement and quicklime, employing a number of 
men and vessels. A considerable amount of lumber and 
produce is here collected, and transported to New York. 
There are four boat-yards for building and repairing canal- 
boats, two dr>- docks for the repairing of sloops and coasting 
vessels, a grist-mill, tobacco factory, etc., a female seminary, 
and two churches. The " R. Courier" (neutral) is issued 
weekly. Steam ferrj'-boats ply to Eddy vilic and Rhinebeck. 
Pop. about 1,700. 

lioNDouT kill or creek, K. Y. : rises in Sullivan co., and 
flows into the Hudson r, in "Ulster co., near Rondout v., at 
which point is a light-house. It receives the "Wallkill and 
other tributaries, and affords water-power. The Delaware 
and Hudson Canal passes along the valley of this creek. 

RoKKONKOMA lake, K. Y.: situated near the centre of 
Long Island, about 1 m. in diameter, deep and tr;msi)arent, 
abounding with fish, and surrounded by pine and other tim- 
ber, presenting a romantic and pleasant appearance. 

Root, p. v., Allen co., Ind,: on E. side of St. Mary's r., 
97 m. N. E. Indianapolis. 

Root, t and p. o., Montgomery co., K Y. : 39 m, W. by N, 
Albany. Surface in parts hilly; soil fertile loam, or slato 
and lime. Drained by small streams, flowing into Mohawk 
r., which bounds it on the N. On one of tliesi.% the Platte - 
kill, is a water-fall, with a perpendicular descent of 50 feet. 
About 1 m. above this fall, a vein of lead ore, found at the 
bottom of the creek, has been wrought to sonic extent by a 
company incorporated for the purpose. In the rocky clifls 
near the river Is a remarkable cave, containing numerous 
apartments, of which fourteen have been \ isiled ; some of 
these are 500 feet beneath the surface, and profusely adorned 
with stalactites, stalagmites, and various incrustations. Pop- 
ulation of t. 2,730. 

Root Creek, p. o., Milwaukie CO., VTisc. : 73 m. E. by S. 
Madison. 

Root river, Mn^n. T^r: a large stream in S. E. part of 
the State, flows F. into Jlississippi river. 
RooTSTowN, U, p. o., and sta., Portage CO., Ohio: 116 m. 

7»5 



ROS 



EOS 



N. E. Columbus, lying directly S. of Ravonna, 43 m. from 
ClevelanJ, on Cleveland and Piltsburg R. R. It is a fine 
farming t,, watered by Cuyahoga r. Pop. in 1S40, 1,112 ; in 
1S50, 1,303. 

EoscoE, t. and p. v., "Winnebago co,, III. : on E, side of 
Rock r.,lsl ni. N. by E. Springfield. This is a fine farming 
town, on llio line of the Kockford and lloek Island R. R., 
now in construction. 

RoscoK. p. v., llenry county, Mo.: 93 miles "W. by S. 
Jefiferson City. 

RoscoB, p. o., Todd cc, Ky. : 15T m. S. W. Frankfort. 

RoscoE, p. T., Coshocton co., Ohio: on W. side of Mus- 
kingum r., and on the Ohio Canal, 59 m. E. N. E. Columbus. 
The Muskingum is here formed by the confluence of the 
Walhontiing and Tuscarawas rivers, which are crossed 
by a fine bridge, just above their confluence. Ruscoe has 
good water-power, an iron foundry, boat-yard, mills, and 
several stores. The "Walhonding Canal, which extends to 
Rochester, 25 m., here unites with the Ohio Canal. By these 
canals Roscoe has become a great dep6t for wheat and other 
merchandise. In times of high water, steamboats occasion- 
ally nm up to this point on the Muskingum. Tliis town was 
first laid out in 1S16, and named Caldersburg. It is a health- 
ful and beautiful place, and surrounded by fine scenery. 
Pop. about 500. 

Roscommon county, Mich. Situate N. centrally, and con- 
tains 576 sq. m. Drained by the branches of the Maakegon 
and South rivers, and streams of Higgins' and llougblou's 
lakes. Surface even ; soil various, but for the most part 
fertile. Organized since 1950. 

Rose, t and p. o., Oakland co., Mtclu : 47 m. E. Lansing. 
"Watered by the E. branch of Shiawassee r. Pop. in lS-10, 
415; inlSSO, SS6. 

Rose, t. ?nd p. o., "Wayne co., K. T.: 1 m. N. E. Lyons, 
164 m. W. by N. Albany. Sm-face undulating; snil, grav- 
elly loam; drained by small streams flowing into Lake On- 
tario. It contains several saw-mills, a fulling-raHl, and 
tannery. Pop. in 1840, 2,033 ; in 1S50, 2,264. 

Rose, t. and p. o., Carroll co., Ohio : 97 m. E. N. E. Colum- 
bus. The Beaver Canal passes through its N. TV. corner. 
Pop. 1,537. 

EosEBooN, p. 0., Otsego co., iV. T. : 51 m. "W. Albany. 

KosEBURQ, p. v., Perry co., Penn. : 29 m. W. Harrisburg. 

Rose Creek, p. o., M'Nairy county, Tenn.: 120 m. S. W. 
Nashville. 

Rosed.u:e, p. V,, Madison county, Ohio: 25 m. W. N. "W. 
Columbus. 

Rose Grove, p. o., Appomattox co., Tirg. : 73 m. W. by S. 
Eichmond. 

RosB Uill, p. 0., Seneca county., iV". Y. : 153 m. "W. 
Albany. 

Rose Hill, p. v., Jasper co., III. : on E. side of Embarraa 
r., 83 m- E. S. E. Springfield. 

Rose Hill, p. o., Amit6 co., Miss. : on "W. side of branch 
of Araiti6 r., 100 m. S. S. E. Jackson. 

Rose Hill. p. o., Lee co., Virg. : about 17 m. E. Cumber- 
land Gap, 319 m. ^X. by S. Richmond. 

Rose Hill. p. o., Mahaska co., la. : on N. side of Skunk 
r., 50 m. S. W. by W. Iowa City, 

RosELAND, p. o., Nelson county, Virg. : 73 m. W. by N. 
Richmond. 

Rose Mills, p. o., Amherst co., Vtrff. : on S. side of Tye 
r., a branch of James r,, 87 m. W. by N. Rioinnond. 

Rosendale, t. and p. v., Ulster co., N. }' ; on N. side of 
RoTidout Kill, 63 ra. S. by W. Albany. Here is found in 
great abundance the best of hydraulic cement, whieh is 
manufactured in large quantities by two cement mills. The 
unoccupied water-power at tliis place is very extensive. 
About 2 m. below the v., near the high falls of the Rondout, 
is a mineral spring, possessing valuable properties. Pop. 
oft. 2,418. 

RohENDALE, t. and p. o„rond du Lac co., Wise: 65m. 
N. E. by N. Madison Pop. 714. 
736 



Rose Tree, p. o., Delaware co,, Pejin, : 81 m. E. by 3 
Harrisburg. 

RosEviLLE, p. v., Parke co., Ind. : on 8. side of Big Rac- 
coon cr., 5S m. W. by S. Indianapolis. 

KosEviLLE, p. 0., Franklin co.. Ark. : on 8. eide of Arkan- 
sas r.. 95 m. W, N. W. Little Ruck. 

RosEviLLE, p. o., Macomb co., Mich^ : 84 m. E. Lansing. 

RoSEviLLE, p. v., Muskingum co., Ohio : on S. fork of 
Jonathan's cr., 49 m. E. by S. Columbus; contains a few 
mills and stores, and about 200 inhabitants. 

RosicLAKE, p. 0., Hardin co., III.: 1} m. N. of Ohio r., 
125 m. S. S. E. Springfield. 

RosLiN, p. o., Marquette co., Wise. : 57 m. N. Madison. 

EosLYN. p. 0., Queen's co., N. K ; at southern extremity 
of Hempstead Harbor, 133 m. 9. Albany. 

Eoss county, Ohio. Situate toward the S., and contains 
644 sq. m. Scioto river flows through it from N. to S., by 
which and its branches it is drained. Surface raried, in tho 
N. being level, and in the S. hilly and broken ; soil gener- 
ally fertile; in the level portions the land is rich and very 
productive. There is some good timber land, and it has 
excellent pasturage for cattle, large numbers of which are 
exported. It has good water privileges. Farms 1,4;55; 
manuf. 141, dwell. 5,575, and pop.— wh. 30,2o7, fr. col. 
1367_total 32.074 Capital: Chillicothe. Public Works: 
Ohio Canal, etc. 

Eoss, t and p. o., Sutler co., Ohio : on W. side of Miami 
river, 94 ra. W. S .W. Columbus. Drained by Miami r. and 
its branches. Pop. in 1S40, 1,526; in 1S50, 1.643. 

Eoss, p. o., Anderson co., Tenn. : 147 ra. E. Nashville. 

EossBURG, p. v., Decatur co., I7id. : on S. side of branch 
of Salt creek, a tributary of Whitewater river, 49 m. S. E. 
ludianapolte. 

Eoss' CoENBR, p. c, York county, Me.: 79 m. S. B. "W. 
Augusta. 

RossEAiTj p. v., Morgan county, Ohio: 59 m. E. 8. E. 
Columbus. 

Ross' Ferry, p. c, Livingston county, Ky. : 199 miles 
S. W. by W. FrankforL 

Ross' Grove, p. o., De Kalb co., M. : on W. side of Little 
Indian cr., 134 m. N. by E. Springfleld. 

RossiE, t. and p. v., St. Lawrence county, i^. 3'. ; 150 m. 
N. W. Albany. Surface of t. undulating and somewhat 
broken ; soil fertile loam, resting on lime, granite, and sand- 
stone. Drained by Oswegatchie and Indian rivers. Iron 
and lead ore are found in great abundance. The lead ores 
are of the finest quality, and apparently inexhaustible. 
These have been extensively worked since 1S37 by three 
companies, which have produced and sent to market large 
amounts of lead. The veins have been traced 15 m., vary- 
ing in width from 6 inches to 2 feet, lying in a fissure uf 
r'iek in a solid mass; and t'rom ils location, its depth is evi- 
dently very great. The mine on Cole lliH is the prineipal, 
the surface of which has been laid bare for a considerable 
distance, bounded on either side by granite rock. The 
mine is regarded by geologists as an anomaly in the mineral 
kingdom, and great natural curiosity, as well as a source of 
inexhaustible wealth. The v., on Indian r., is the principjJ 
lociilily of these mines, and is a scattered manufacturing 
settlement, containing an extensive furnace and tbrge, iron 
foundry and machine shop, 1 grist-mill, 1 saw-mill, 2 tav- 
erns, several stores, and about 900 inhabitants. Pop. of L 
in 1S40, 1,553 ; in 1S50, 1,471. 

EossTowN, p. 0., Shelby co., Tenn.: 179 m. W. S. W. 
Nashville. 

RossviLLE, p. v., "Walker co., Ga. : a short distance from 
the Tennessee boundary, 1S3 m. N. W. Milledgeville. For- 
merly a missionary station in the Cherokee Nation. 

RossviLLE, p. v., Clinton co., Int?. : on S. side of Middle 
fork of Ponceanichioux r. or "Wild Cat cr., 49 m. N. N. W. 
Indianapolis. 

RossviLLE, p. v., Baltimore co., Md. : 35 m. N. Annapolia. 

RossviLLE, p. v., Richmond oo., 2^. 1'. : on Staten Island 



ROS 



ROW 



Sound, 145 m. S. by W. Albany. It cunlains 2 cnrruige 
luamifactories, a lew slori-s uikI dwelliiiirs, lias a steamboat 
landing, aiul a ferry to the Jeraey shore, luriiicrly known as 
the OKI IJlazing Star l-'errj'. 

ItossviLLK, p. o., Chester district, S. Ctir.: 46 m. N. 
Cohimbia. 

KossviT.LE. p. v., Butler co., Ofuo: on W. side nf Miami 
r., S9 m. W. S. \V. Cuhtinhus. A flouristiin^ und wealthy v. 
The 'Miann Dem<»eral" is issued weekly. Pop. IM>2. 

EossviLLK, p. v., York county, Penn.: 14 in. S. by VT. 
Harrishurg. 

EosTr.AVEF., f. and p. o., "Westmoreland eo., PenTi.: on K. 
Bide of Monoiiiiahela r., 132 m. W. llarrisbtir^. 

EoswELL, p. o., Cobb CO., GiJ. : on N. tide of Chattahoo- 
chee r., 9i m. N. W. MilleJgcville. 

EoTUEuw-ooD, p. 0., Carroll co., Ga. .* 109 m. "W. by N. 
Milledge\ille. 

IIoTTKnPAM, t. and p. o., Schenectady co., y. V. ; 19 ra. 
N. "W. Albany. S^a^face rolling; soil sandy Inam and allu- 
vion, very productive along the Mohawk r., wliich l)ounds 
it on the N. ; also watered by some small creeks flowing 
into the Mohawk. Tlie Erie Canal passes through its N. 
part. Pop. of t. in 1840, 2,2S4; in 1S50, 2.446. 

ItoL-iJiDuux, p. c, Texas co., Mo. : on K. side of Roubi- 
doux fork of Gasconade r., 79 m. S. Jelferson City. 

PouGE river (of the Detroit). JftcJi. : is formed from three 
principal tributaries which rise in Oakland and Washlt-naw 
countiia. and unite in the K. partof AVayne co. The Pouge 
river enipiies into the Detroit r., 5 m. below Detroit, and is 
navigable for small vessels to DearbornviUe. Toward iis 
inouih it is deep and sluggish, but the greater purtinn of it 
Is very rajiid, having great descent, and with its numerous 
branches furnishing very great water-power. 

Plough and Peahv, p. o. and sla.. Chambers co., Ala. : 
on Montgomery and ^Yest Point P. K., 03 m. from Mont- 
gomery, i'O m. from "SVest Point. 

PoiGii AND Keadt, p. 0., Audcrson county, A'//..- IS m. 
S. S. ■\V. Frankfort. 

Porcn AND pKADY, p. o., Uancock county, 7//.; S3 m. 
TV. N. "W. SpringfieUi. 

KouGU AND Peadv. p. 0. and sta., Fayette co., O'li. ; on 
Macon and AVestern li. P., 11 m. from Atlanta and 90 m. 
from Macon, T9 m. N, W. by N. Milledgeville. 

PouGii AND Peadv, p. o., ^^teuben county, ^.V. 2' .• 190 m. 
■W. by S. Albany. 

Rough and Peady, p. c, Warren co., TeiuK : (17 m. S. E. 
Nashville. 

P.ouGH AND Eeadt Mills, p. 0., Henry co., Vir(/. : 143 m. 
S. W. Pichmonil. 

RouGn Ceeek, p. c, Charlotte co., Vifj. : 71 ni. W. S.W. 
Richmond. 

PorGU Creek, p. o.. Grayson co., Ki/. : 101 m. "W. S. "U". 
Frankfurt. 

Roulette, t. and p. o., Potter CO., Penn. : 122 m. N. is'. "W. 
Harrisburg. 

Pound island, Midi.: a small island on the K. part of 
Lake Huron, between Bois Blanc and Mackinau islands. 

Round lake, N. Y. : a handsome sheet of water, 1} ing in 
the t of Lake Ploa-sant, Hamilton co.. connected by an out- 
let i m. long, with Lake Pleasant. It is surrounded by a 
fine region of counlrj', abounds with trout and othrr fish, and 
much resorted to by sportsmen. 

Pound lake, N. Y. : in tlie t. of Malta, Saratoga co., is a 
small lake, abounding in perch, pickerel, and oilier fish. 

Round Grove, p. c, Carroll co., Mo. : 95 m. W. N. W. 
Jefferson City. 

Round Head, t. and p. v., Hardin co., Ohio: 5Sm.N. "W. 
Columbus. Drained by the head branches of ScioLo and 
Miami rivers. The v., situated on the former, contains 
135 inhabitants. Pop. of t. in 1840, 669 ; in 1S50 (including 
pop. of v.), G55. 

Round Hilu p. v., Fairfield county, Comi. : "2 m. S. W. 
Hartford. Contains a cliurch and several dwellings. 

■W4 



RorND Hill, p. o., Cooper county, Mo.: G2 m. "W, by X. 
Jefferson City. 

Round Hill, p. o., Orange co., K Car. : 31 m. M. Vi. 
Raleigh. 

Round Pond, p. o., Lincoln county, Me.: 26 m. S. E. 
Augusta. 

Round Prairie, p. o., Dallas county,^ Mo.: 75 ra. S. W". 
Jefferson City. 

Pound Top, p. o., Fayette co., Tex.: on Cummin's cr. of 
Coloratlo r., on the p(}st-r'>adfrom Lagrange to W'at-hington, 
64 ra. E. by S. Austin City. 

Rouse's Puist, p. v. and sta., Clinton co., K Y. : on the 
"W. side of Lake Champlain, 166 ni. N. by IC. AU)any. It 
is about J m. S. of the Canada line. Soon after the war of 
1S12, the United States commenced the construction of a 
strong fortification, a short distance N. of the v., to guard 
the entrance of the lake. It was subsequently found that 
this site was within the Canada line, and the further cnn- 
struclion of the work, upon which some $400,000 had been 
expended, was abandoned. However, this spot has since 
been ceded to the United States, and this fine Ibrtiflcatiou, 
now in dilapidation, may at some period be completed. At 
this point, the great railroad route between Ogdensburg and 
Boston, here crosses the lake. Previous to the construction 
of the railroad, this jdace was of no importaiu'e. It is now 
a great dei)6t for merehandise and produce, and important 
landing-place for the boats on Lake Champlain. The rail- 
road crosses the lake by a permanent bridge, o.ooo feet long, 
and a draw-bridge on pontoons. 300 feet by 30, which is 
swung round when not in use, so as to give free navigation. 
The dock is Suo by 1G4 feet, and the depot 550 by lo4 feet. 
The improvements are all of the most permanent cliaracter. 
The Champlain and SL Lawrence P. R. extends hence to 
Montreal, 47 m. Rouse's Point is distant from Ogdensburg, 
by the Northern R. P., US m. ; from Boston, by both routes, 
2S3 ra. The v. is generally flourishing, and increasing in 
population. 

Rover, p. o., Bedford county, Tenn.: 47 m. S. S. E. 
Nashville. 

Rowan county, X. Car. Situate "W. centrally, and con- 
tains 332 sq. m. Drained by Yadkin r. and its branches. 
Surface undulating; soil a fine deep mold and very fertile, 
and well adapted to grain and grazing, fruits, etc. Chief 
productions, cotton, tobacco, wheat, and Indian com. 
Farms 1,070; nianuf. 103; dwell. 1,542, and pop.— wh. 9,901, 
fr. col. 115, si. 3,854— total 13.S70. Capital: Salisbury. 

PowE, t, and p. v., Franklin co., J/a.w. ; 98 m. "W. by N. 
Boston. Surface elevated and in some pacta mountainous; 
soil best adapted to grazing. Drained by Deerfield r., which 
forms its W. boundary, and by Pelham brook, passing 
throu-^h the centre of the t., on which are the ruins of old 
Fort I'elham, erected in 1744. The v. hi the centre of t. is 
a neat settlement, has some manufactures, and contaiiis 
3 churches. Pop. of t. 659. 

RowENA, p. 0., linsaell co., Kij. : 79 m. S. Frankfort. 

Rowe's, sta.. Orangeburg district, S. Cdr.: on Columbia 
Branch R. R.,5S ni. from Columbia, 71 m. from Charleston. 

Rowe's Corner, sta., Merrimac county, i!T.Jhnnp.: on 
Portsmouth and Concord R. R., 13 m. S. S. E. Concord, and 
34 ni. from Portsmouth. 

PowEsviLLE, p. v., Bedford CO., 7l"». ; 55 m. S. S. E. 
Nashville. 

Row's, p. o.,A3ldand co., Ohio: on W. si.ie of Muddy 
fork of Walhonding r., 73 m. N. N. W. Columbus. 

RowLANDSViLLE, p. v., CccU CO., M(L .' 52 m. N. E. by N. 
Annapolis. 

RowLANDSviLLE, p. 0., Stanlv county, K Car. : 103 m. 
W. S. W. Raleigh. 

RowLEV, t., p. v., and sta,, Essex county, J/fW.s.; 27 m. 
N. by E. Boston. Soil of I. diversified ; a largo portion is 
salt meadow, the arable soil is fertile. Watered by Rowley 
river, which, before its junction with Plum Island Sound, 
affords harborage for small vessels. Plum island belongs to 

737 



ROX 



UOY 



this I. Tlie V. nt the centre contuins 2 chnrchoa. The 
Eastern K. K. passes through the t, 29 ni. from Boston. 
This t. was first settled in 1G39, by an imiustrious and pious 
conipaiiv from Yorkshire, Knghmd, who erected the first 
fulliiisr-mill ill New England, and manufactured the first 
dotli in Nnrth America. Tiie fiuci'^nt townsliip of R. was 
divided in 1S3S, and its "W. part incorporated by the name of 
Georgetown. Pop. of 1. 1,075. 

KoxAXA, t. and p. o., Eaton county, Mich.: IT m. "W. 
Lansing. Pop. 353. 

EoxnoROUGn, p. v., and cap. Person en., y. Cnj^: 55 m. 
N. N. W. Kaleigh. It contains u courl-liouse, jail, a few 
stores, and about 150 inhabitants. 

EoxBtJKv, t. and p. o., Oxford co.. Me. : 45 m. N. W. by "W. 
Augusta. Surface elevated and well timbered, with some 
good stul. Watered by Swift brook, a branch of Andros- 
coggin r., flowing S. through its centre. Incorporated in 
1S35. Pop. 246. 

EoxBUEY, t. and p. v., Litchfield co., Cmin. : 3G m. 'W.S.W. 
Hartford. Surface of t. diversified; soil chiefly gravelly 
loam. Watered by Shepang r., a branch of the Ilousatonic, 
flowing through its W. part. The t was aken from "Wood- 
bur>% and incorporated in ISOl. The v. in the centre of the 
t. contains 2 churches, a few stores, etc. Pop. of t. in 1S40, 
971; in 1850,1,114. 

KosBfiiY, t., p. city, and sta., Norfolk CO., Mass.: 2 m. 
8. by W. Boston, with which it is closely connected by a 
narrow neck of land — "Boston Neck" — over which there 
are 4 broad and pleasant avenues. The natural surface of 
the city was very uneven and rocky, which gave to it its 
name, from the abundance of rocks ; and though much 
changed by building improvements, is still much diversilied. 
The soil is generally fertile and highly cultivated. The 
dwellings are noted for their elegance, and are generally 
surrounded by ornamental gardens. Tho entire oppearance 
of the city is most delightful, and it is one of the most plea- 
sant suburbs of Boston, with which its business and wealth 
are most intimately connected, and can hardly be con- 
sidered as separate from the metropolis. It has. however, 
considerable trade of its own, and its manufactures are 
various and extensive. These consist of carpeting, cordage 
(the New England Company has a capital of $75,000, em- 
ploying 130 men). India-rubber goods, railroad iron, iron 
castings, fire-engines, steam-engines, and boilers ; sheet lead, 
while lead, chemical preparations, turpentine, etc. ; worsted 
and silk fringes and lining ; patent leather, hats, shoes, 
cabinet-ware, etc. Steam-power is employed by about 30 
establishments. There is 1 bank, capital $150,000; one in- 
stitution for savings, 2 insurance companies, and 6 churches, 
several of which are located on elevated positions, and make 
a beautiful appearance. The Boston and Providence li. R. 
passes through the city, and is much used by the citizens 
in passing to and from Boston. Several lines of omnibuses 
affbrd constant communication with the city. The "Nor- 
folk County Journal" (whig), and "Eoxbury Advertiser" 
(neut). are issued weekly. 

Eoxbury was incorporated as a town Sop*. 2S, 1630 (in 
the same year with Boston); and as a city, March 12, 1S4G. 
The territory of the city is TJ m. long. 2^ m. broad, and 
comprises an area of 10,6S6 acres. It is governed by a 
Mayor, Board of Aldermen, and Common Council, elected 
annually. Excellent provisions are made for])ublic schools, 
etc. The following table exhibits the valuation of estates 
in Eoxbury, from 1S37 to lS4y inclusive : 



Year. 



Vftluation. i Year, 



Valuntion, 



Year. 



Valuation. 



1S37.... $5.57.5,000 I 1641.,..$G,941,600 1S45... $9,569,800 

1S33.... 5,979,9001 1S42.... 7,3-11,600 1^46.. . 12,531.100 

1S39.... 6.4-"S,600| 1S43.... 7,710,001) 1S47... 12,G2S.800 

1840.... 6,721,000 1 1S44.... 8,578,600 | 1S4S. .. 13,192,600 

In tho "W. part of the t. is an extensive level, on whirh is 
Biiuated the beautiful p. v. of Jamaica Plams, near Jamaica 
Pond, from which Boston was, lo a considerable extent, 
73S 



supplied with water, until the opening of the Cochituale 
Aqueduct, in 1S4S. The Forest Hills Cemetery is situated a 
short distance from the city, on the Dedliam turnpike. This 
beautiful city of the dead has an area of about 70 acres. 
The grounds are piduresquely diversifit-d. and ainmiiding 
with trees, shrulibery, an<l flowers. Here are moinnnenls 
of General Joseph Warren, who fell at the battle of Bunker 
Hill, June 17, 1776 ; and of Rev. John Eliot, the " Apostle 
of the Indians." who was pastor of th" fi-'st chnn-h in Eox- 
bury for 5S years— from 1032 until his death, in lC'9o. The 
entrance is an ornamental structure, in the Egyptian style. 
On one of the highlands in the city still remains, in a very 
perfect state of prt-servation, the breastwork and intrench- 
ments of a large military fortress constructed at that period. 
The population of lioxhury at different periods is as follows; 



Year. 


Pop, 


Year. 


Fop. Year. 


P..p. 


1765 ... 


....1,487 


ISIO ... 


....8,CG9 l&tO ... 


.... 9,089 


1790 ... 


....2,220 


1S20 ... 


....4,135 1S50... 


....13.873 


ISOO . . . 


....2,765 


1S30 ... 


. . . .5,247 





EoxnmtY, t. and p. o., Cheshire co., K, /Tamp. : 39 m. 
N. W. by W. Concord. Surface rough and uneven, but has 
excellent grazing land. Drained by N. branch of Ashuelot 
r.. whieh forms its W. boundary, and in its S. part by Roar- 
ing brook. On its E. side is lioaring Brook pond, at the 
outlet of which are mills. Incorporated in 1S12. Pop. in 
1340, 286 ; in 1850, 260. 

Eoxbury, t. and p. o., Delaware co., JVI T.: 43 m. S. W. 
Albany. Surface hilly and mountainous, the CattskiU 
Mountains passing through its E. portion; soil sandy loam, 
very productive in the valleys. Drained S. by the Papacton 
branch of Delaware r. The inhabitints are chiefly engaged 
in agricultural pursuits. Pop. in 1S40, 3,013 ; in 1S50, 2,853. 

RoxTiuRY. p. v.,Fraukhn oo., Penn.: on N.side of Cone- 
dogwinnet cr.,nnd E. side of Blue Mountain, 42 m. W. by S. 
Harrisburg. It couiains a charcoal forge, constructed 1790, 
which, in 1849. made 90 tfyo?. of bars, employing 10 men. 

EoxRURT. t., p. v.. and sta., M''aahington co., Venn. : 15 m. 
S. by W. Monlpelier. Surface elevated and uneven ; soil 
fertile. Drained by head brrmches of Dog and White rivers, 
the former affords water-power. Iron ore is found in the 
S. E. part. First settled in 17S9. The Vermont Ct-nlral 
E. R. passes through the t, 60 m. from Windsor, and 97 m. 
from Rouse's Point. Pop. of t. 967. 

Eoso, p. 0., Marquette county, Wise: 52 in. N. N. E. 
Madison. 

EoxoBEL, p. 0., Bertie county, N. Car. : 97 m. E. by N 
Ealeigh. 

RovAL Cestbe, p. o., Cass county, Ind. : 65 m. N 
Indianapolis. 

Royal Oak, p. o., Talbot county, Md, : 24 m. E. S. E. ' 
Annapolis. 

Roval Oak, t, p. v., and sta., Oakland co., Micfi, : 73 m. 
E. S. E. Lansing. Drained in N. part by Red r., and in S. 
part by Bloody Run. The Detroit and Pi»ntiac E. R. passes 
through the v., 12 from Detroit, and 13 m. from Ponli.ic. It 
contaiTis a steam saw-mill, a few stores, and has some man- 
ulactures. Pop. of t. in 1840, S60; in 1850, 1,092. 

EovAL Oaks, p. o., Cumberland co., Virg. : 73 m. W. by 8. 
Eichmond. 

EoYAT5TON, t., p. v.. and sta., Worcester co., J/i/.v.';. ; 61 m, 
W. N. W. Boslnu. Surface dirersifled ; soil generally pro- 
diiclive,and upon the streams consisis of excellent meadow 
land. Drained by Miller's r. and its tributaries. Several 
small streams, one of which has a perpendicular fall of 20 
feet, and descends 100 feet in 40 rods, unite and form TuUy 
r., which pours into Miller's r. a great quantity of water. 
These various streams afl'ord good mill-sites. There are 2 
ponds within \ m. of each other, which vary in height 150 
f'-et, and abound with fish. The t. was first settled in 1754, 
and ineorporated in 1765. The v. near the centre of the L 
is a handsome settlement. The Vermont and Ma-isaehusetta 
E. E. passes through the S. part of the t., at South Royal- 



KOY 



KUS 



aton, *>7 m. from FUchburi,'. Pop. oft. in 1S40, l,r.G7 ; iu 
1S50, 1,540. 

KoYALTON, p. v., Boone co., In<9. : on K. side of branch 
of Eagle LT., a tribntary of W. fork of While r., 14 m. N.W. 
Indianapolig. 

RoYALTox, t and p. o., Niajcara county, K. Y. : 252 m. 
"W. by N. Albany. Surface undulating; soil fertile calcareous 
loam. "Watered by Tonawanda rr., wliieli bounds it on the 
S. The t. eontaiiis the villajres nf Middleport and Oasporl, 
which latter d'.rives its name from a spring; of inflaniniable 
natural gas, used to some extent. The Erie Canal, and the 
Rochester, Lockport, and Niagara Falls K. li. pass througii 
the town. Pop. in 1S40, .3,.^4y; in 1S50, 4,024. 

KoYALTiJN, p. v., Fairfield co., Ohio : on .S. side of brannh 
of Little Walnut cr., 21 ni. S. E. by S. Columbus. Contains 
a church and some stores. Pop. 252. 

P.OYAI.T0N, t., p. v., and .'ita., Windsor co., Vet'in.: 31 m. 
S. Mutitpelier. Surface broken and mountainous : soil fer- 
tile, particularly along White r., by which and its branches 
it is watered. Tlio agricultural products are of consiilerable 
amount. Tlie v. is pleasantly situated on the bank of While 
r.. an<l contains a handsome church, acaiiemy. stores, etc 
It was first settled in 1771, an<l suffered much from Indian 
hostilities. The Vermont Central R. E. passes through it, 
123 m. fnun House's Point, 43 ni. from Monlpclier, and 134 m. 
from Windsor. Pop. of t. in 1S40. 1.917; in ISSU, 1,^511. 

I!oyi:k"s Ford. p. o. and sta.. Montgomery co., Peiin.: 
SI m. E. Ilarrisburg. on the N. bank of Sehuylkill r., and 
on Philadelphia and Eeadiug P. E., 32 m. from Phila- 
delphia. 

EoYTt.>N. p. o., Delaware county, Tik?.: 49 miles N. E. 
Indiaiuipolis. 

EuAP.K. p. o., Lawrence co., ///. ; on a small branch of 
Wabasli r., 124 ra. S. E. SpringHeld. 

EiTCKECsviLLE. p. V., Elbert co.. Go. : on N. side of Tan's 
cr., ?0 m. N. N. E. Milledgevillc. Contains a Baptist church, 
academy, several stores and dwellings. 

ErcKERsviLLE, p. 0., Tippah co., Miss. : 17G m. N. N. E. 
Jackson. 

RrcKEcsTiLLE, p. V., Gfceue co., Vir(/. : 03 m. N. W. 
Kichmond. 

ErrKERTiLLE, p. o., Clark county, Kt/.: 4o m. E. by S. 
Frankfort. 

ErrKMANYTLLE, p. 0., Ilighlaiid county, Yirg.: 127 m. 
W. N. W. Eichmond. 

ErnnLE's Mills, p. o., Bourbon co., Ky. : 37 nL E. by N. 
Frankfort. 

El'dh's Mills, p. o., Lewis co., Yirg. : Isj m. N. W. 
Eichmond. 

EroGLES, t. and p. o,, Ashland co., Ohio : 77 m. N. by E. 
Columbus. Drained l)y head branches of Vermillion river. 
Pop. 1,0S5. 

EuMA, p. v., Eandoljih county, ///. ; 114 miles S. by W. 
Spriuiilh-ld. 

Elmforp, t and p. o., Oxford co., Me. : on N. W. side 
of Androscoggin r., 43 m. W'. N. W. Augusta. The surface 
is somewhat diversified. White Cap Mountain rise 600 feet 
and Glass-face about 400 feet aliove the level of the sur- 
rounding ctiuntry. and present beautiful views from their 
summits. The soil is fL-rtile, adapted to grain. Drained l)y 
the Androscoggin and its brandies, Ellis and Swift brooks. 
which together furnish a great water-power. Incorporateil 
m lS(»i. Pop. in 1640. 1.444; iii 1S50, 1.375. 

EvMFoBD Centee, p. o., Oxford co., Mt. : 45 m. W. N.W. 
Augusta. 

EuMFORD Point, p. o., Oxford co., Me: 46 m. W. N. W. 
August.!. 

ErMMERFTELD CuEitK, p. 0., Bradford co., Penn.: 116 m. 
N. by E. Ilarrisburg. 

El-.mxev, t., p. o., and sta., Grafton co., N. Ifainp. : 45 ru. 
N. N. W. Concord. Surface is uneven, and aliounds with 
bcauliful sccn.ry: srjil moderately frrtile. Drained liy 
Baker's r. and its branehes. First settled in 17G5. It con- 



tains several tanneries, saw-mills, and stores. The Boston, 
Concord, and Montreal K. E. passes its 8. part, 59 m. from 
Concord. Pop. in !S30. 993; in IS40, 1,116 ; in ISSn, l,lii9. 

Er.M.vEY, p. v., Mecklenburg co., Ky.: 141 m. W. S. W. 
Frankfort. 

Eiixdell's, p. o., Crawford co., Penn. : 1S6 ni. N. W. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Ei'i'F.nT, t., p. v., and sta., Beiinintrton co,, V'rrn. : 79 m. 
S. W'. Muiitpelier. Surface mountainous; soil good for 
grazing. Waten d by Pawlet r. and Wliite cr. of Batten- 
kill, which afford water-power, improved by mills of various 
kiruls. Some fine cattle are raised and large numbers of 
sheep. First setlied in 1707. The Eutland and Washing- 
ton E. E. passes tlirough the t.. 30 m. from Eulland, 49 m. 
from Troy. Pop. of t. in 1S40, l,os6: in ]S5U. 1.101. 

EauAL, p. 0., Clermont co.. Ohio: SO m. S. W. Columbus. 

Erc.AL, p. 0., Jasper co.. Mo. : 92 m. S.W. .Teffersim City. 

EfRAL Hill, p. <>., Wilson co.. Tenn. : 15 m. E. Nashville. 

Riii:al IIill, p. o., Jefferson co., N. Y.: 142 miles N. W. 
Albany. 

ErRAL Eett.eat, p. 0., Wyihe co., Tlrg. : 203 m. W. by 3. 
Eielunond. 

EtuAL Vale, p. o., Lapeer co., Midi.: SS m. E. N. E. 
Lansing. 

EnKAL Valley, p. o., Armstrong county, Penn. : 132 m. 
W. N. W. Ilarrisburg. 

Ersn county, Ind. Situate toward the S. E., and contains 
443 sq. m. Drained by Big and Little Blue rivers, anil Big 
and Little Flat Eock creeks, l)y which fine water-power is 
gained. Surface undulating or rolling, with occasional 
ridges of low hills ; soil a rirh vegetable mold, and very fer- 
tile. Chief ])roductions wheat, Indian corn, potatoes, and 
tobacco. There is much fine grazing land in the eo., and 
largi- numbers of cattle, .sheep, and hogs are fattened and 
exported. Fine tindier is found on the laml. Farms 1,809 ; 
manuf. 59 ; dwell. 2.^24, and pop.— wh. 10.226, fr. col. 219— 
total 10.445. Ctij>if<iL- Eushville. Pith/ic WorA's : Junc- 
tion E. E. ; Shell)yville and Kushville E. E. ; Shclbyvillc 
and Kniglit-^town it. E.; Central E. E. ; Lawrenceburg 
and rpiier Mississippi E. K. 

llii^n, t. and p. v., Monroe co.. A' Y.: on E..side Genesee 
r., 201 UL W. by N. Albany. Surface uiululating; soil ven 
fertile, producing large crops of wheat and other grain 
Drained l>y lloneoyc er., flowing W. through its centre into 
Genesee r. The v. on Iloneoye cr. contains 2 taverns, 3 
churches, 4 stores, a flouring and saw mill, as'hery, carding 
machine, and about 200 inhabitants. Pop. of town in 1S40; 
1.929 ; in ISoO, 2,015. 

Ecsn. t. and p. o., Susquehanna co., Pfnn. : on Wyalu- 
sing creek, lOS m. N. N. E. Ilarrisburg. Surface hilly ; soil 
gravelly loam. It contains several tanneries, grist and saw 
mills, and has sonie manufactures. Pop. about 1,200. 

Rush, t. and p. o., Tuscarawas co., Ohio: S6 m. E. N. E. 
Colundjus. AVatered by branches of Tuscarawas river, and 
contains several grist, saw, and flouring mills. Poj). in 
1840,1,293; in 1S50, 1,332. 

Euen, t. and p. o., Shiawassee co., Mich.: on W. side of 
Shiawassee r., 25 ni. N. E. Lansing. Pop. about 100. 

Eirsn, p. 0., Jo Daviess co., III. : 175 m. N. by W. 
Springfield. 

Eisii Bottom, p. o., Ilolt county, Mo. : 194 miles N. W. 
Jefferson City. 

Ersn Creek, p. o., Union county, Ohio: 41 miles N. W. 
Columbus. 

Eusm-ORi), t. and p. v., Allegany county, y. Y. : 230 m. 
W. by S. AU>any. Surface undulating; soil clay loam and 
gravelly mold, well ailapted to grass. Drained K. by Cold 
cr. of (Jenesee r. The v. is a tiiriving business place, con- 
taining 2 churches, 3 taverns, several mills and stores, and 
about SOO inhabitants. Population of t in 1:540, 1,512; in 
1S50. l.SOO. 

El sn L^vKE, p. o., Fond du Lac co., Wi^c. : 65 m. X. N. E 
Madison. 

7S9 



RUS 



RUT 



Rush Tower, p. o., Jofforson co., Mo. : on W. bank of 
Mississippi r., 107 ni. K. by S. Jefferson City. 

EusiTTOTV-N. p. 0.. Northumberland county, Fenn. ; 45 m. 
N. by E. Ilarrisburg. 

RcsnviLLE, t., p. v., and cap. Schui'ler co., PJ. : 52 m. 
W. N. W. Springfield. Is a Jiamlsome and flourishing v. 
pleasantly located at the S. end of a beautiful ferliie prairie, 
skirted by fine timber at the head of a sraiiU stream. It 
contains a brick court-house 2 stories high, a jail, and 4 
churches. The *' Prairie Telegraph" (neut.) is issued 
weekly. Pop. about 1,000. 

El'shvtllr. p. v., sta., and cap. Kuph co., Ind.: on N. 
bank of Big Flat Hock cr., 3S m. E. by E:^. Indiaruipolis. It 
was first settled in lv21, and contains a court-house, jail, 3 
churches, several mills and stores. Two newspapers are 
published weekly, " Republican"" (whii?\ and '' Jacksonian" 
(dem.) The Eushville and Shelby ville R. R. extends hence 
to Shelbyville 20 m., and is part of an extensive iine of rail- 
road now constructing across the State. Pop. in 1S50, 2,10S. 
RcsnviLLE, p. v.. Yates co., 2^. Y. : 177 m. W. Albany. 
Is a thriving v., containing 2 churches, academy, 2 taverns, 
2 furnaces, mills, stores, etc., and about 600 inhabitants. 

EusnvTLLE, p. v., Fairfield co., Ohio: on W. side of Rush 
cr., 33 m. E. S. E. Columbus. It contains GO dwellings, and 
300 inhabitants, and several mills in the vicinity. 

RdSUTTLLE. p. v., Susquehanna county, Penn.: 106 m. 
N. N. E. Harrisburg. 

PaiSHTLVANiA., p. o., Logan county, Ohio:49 miles N. W. 
Columbus. 

Rusk county, Teic. Situate "W. toward the N., and con- 
tains l,l;34 sq. m. Drained by branches of Angelina and 
Attoyac rivers. Surtice undulating; .soil very ferliie, and 
adapted to the growth of cotton, corn, fruits, etc. Pine tim- 
ber is abundant. Farms 5f>7 ; manuf. 15 ; dwell. 1,045, and 
pop.— wh. G,012, fr. col. 0, si. 2,136— total 8,1 4S. Capital: 
Henderson. 

RcrSK, p. 0., Haywood county, Term, ; 141 m. W. S. W. 
Nashville, 

Rusk. p. v., and cap. Cherokee county, T*ot. ; 190 miles 
N. E. by E. Austin City. Pop. 332. 

RrsK, p. o., Surry county, A'. Car.: ]20 m. "W. N. W. 
Raleigh. 

Russell county, Ala. Situate toward the S., and con- 
tains S5S sq. m. Drained by branches of Chattahoochee r., 
which forms its E. boundary. Surface undulating ; soil fer- 
tile, and is well adapted to cotton, a large quantity of which 
is produced in the county. The land is rich and productive, 
and fine crops of wheat and corn are raised. It has some 
good timber land. Farms 1,049; manuf. 4; dwell. 1,411, 
and pop.— wh. S.405, fr. col. 32. si. 11.111— total 19,54S. 
Capital: Crawford. PnUic WorJcn : Girard and Mobile 
K. R. ; Montgomery and West Point R. R. 

Russell county, Ay. Situate S. toward the E.. and con- 
tains 316 sq. ra. Drained by Cumberland river and its 
branches. Surface undidating; .«oil fertile, and adapted to 
grain ; a portion of the land is de^'oted to pasturage. Chief 
productions, rice, cotton, and tobacco. Farms GG5 ; manuf. 
13; dwell. S40. and pop.~wh. 4,901. fr. col. IS, si. 435— total 
5,349. Capital: Jamestown. Public Works: Lexington 
and M'Minnville R. R. 

Russell county, Virg. Situate 9. W., and contains 1,812 
sq. ra. Drained by Clinch r. and head branches of W. fork 
of Sandy river. Surface much broken and rocky, consisting 
principally of mountain ranges and valleys; soil fertile. 
Chief products wheat and Indian corn. Farms 942 ; manuf. 
14; dwell. 1,7S6, and pop.— wh. 10,SG7, fr. col. 70, si. 9S2— 
total 11,919. Capital : Lebanon. 

Russell, t., p. v., and sta., Hampden county, dfiiM. : on 
Westfield r., 94 m. W. by S. Boston. Surface elevated and 
mountainous, aboun<iing with wild and romantic scenery. 
Some of the high lands affnrd good grazing, and in the val- 
leys are tracts of fertile meadow. Westfield river and its 
main branch, which flow rapidly through it, afford an im- I 
710 



mense water-power, improved by a few factories. Stone 
wood, and other building materials are abundant. Th« 
"Westera R. R. passes through the t., IS m. from Springfield, 
IIG miles from Boston. Incorporated in 1792. Population 
ofn. 521. 

Russell, t. and p. o., St. Lawrence co,, A'^. Y. : 151 m. 
N. N. W. Albany. Surface somewhat uneven ; soil .sandy 
and clay loam, well adapted for grazing. Drained N. by 
Grass river flowing through its centre. The v. is a small 
settlement containing a State arsenal, several saw-mills, a 
tannery, etc. Pop. of t. in 1S40, 1,373 ; in 1S50, 1 ,80S. 

RresELL, t. and p. 0., Geauga co., Ohio: 130 m. N. E, 
Columbus. Watered by the N. head branch of Chagrinc 
river, and contains several saw and grist mills, etc. Pop. 
in 1810,742; in 1S50, 1,0S3. 

Russell, p. o., Atchcsou county. Mo. : 213 miles N. W. 
Jefferson City. 

Russell Hill, p. o., Wyoming co., Penn. : 92 m. N. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Ru&sell Place, p. 0., Kershaw district, S. Car. ; 40 m. 
N. E. Columbia. 

Russell's Corners, p. 0., Sauk co., Wise: 3S m. N. W. 
Madison, 

Russell's Mills, p. o., Tyler co., Virg. : 231 m. N. W. 
Richmond. 

Russell's Mills, p. o,, Parke county, Ind. : 52 m. W. 
Indianapolis. 

Russell's Place, p. o., Lawrence county, Ohio: 90 m. 
S. by E. Columbus. 

Russell's Store, p. o., Boone Co., Til. : 174 m. N. by E. 
Springfield. 

RussELLS VILLE, p. T., and cap. Fraflklin county, Ala. : on 
Cedar cr., a branch of Bear cr., which flows into the Ten- 
nessee river, 1G7 m. N. N. W. Montgomery. It contains a 
coiu-l-house, jail, and some 30 dwellings. 

RussELLTiLLE, p. o., MouToe CO., Ga. : 49 m. W. by S. 
Milledgeville. 

EussELLviLLE, p. V., Lawrence co., III. : on Wabash r., 
174 m. E. S. E. Springfield. 

RussELLTTLLE, p. V., Pulnam CO., Ind. : between small 
branches of Little Raccoon creek, 44 miles W. by N. 
Indianapolis. 

RussELLviLLE, p. T., and cap. Logan co., Xy. : 144 m. 
S. W. Frankfort. It contains a conrt-house, jail, seminary, 
and two churches. The "R. Herald" (whig) is published 
weekly. Pop. 1,272. 

Rl-ssellville, p. v.. Brown co-^ Ohio: 78 m. S. S. W. 
Columbus. Pop. 3S6. 

RussELLviLLE, p. V., Cole county, Ifo. : 15 m, W. by S. 
Jefferson City. 

RussEi.LTiLLE, p. T., Chester co., Penn.: 56 m. E. S. E, 
Harrisburg. 

RussELLTiLLE, p. o., Jeffcrsou county, Te7i7i. : 201 m. E. 
Nasliville. 

RussELSBFRG, p. V., Warren co., Pemt, : on W. side of 
Conewango cr., lG4m. N. W. Harrisburg. 

Russia, t. and p. v., Herkimer co.. A''. Y. : 91 m.N.W. byW. 
Albany. Surface high and hilly ; soil sandy loam and clay, 
well adapted to grass. Drained S. by West Canada creek. 
The T. contains a church, a few stores and mills, and about 
250 inhabitants. Pop. of U in 1S40, 2,29S; in 1S50, 2,349. 

RussiAviLLE, p. v., Clinton co., Ind. : 38 m. N. by W. 
Indianapolis. 

RuTERsviLLE, p. V., Fayotte county, TfO". : on the main 
post-road from Lagrange to Washington, and Rocky creek 
of Colorado r., 60 m. E. S. E. Austin City. 

RuTBERFORD couuty, A^. Car. Situate toward the S. W., 
and contains S59 sq. m. Drained by head branches of 
Broad r. Surface varied, some portions being rather hilly, 
but most generally level; soil in some places very fertile, 
while in others it is poor and unfit for cultivation. It is 
generally well adapte<l to grazing. Chief produeiions, cot- 
ton, tobacco, wheat, and Indian corn. Farms 959 ; manuf 



RUT 



SAC 



2S; dwell. I,?33. an<l pop.— wh. li!,4'2r., fr. c<.I. 2-_'ii, s\.2Si('b 
— tolal 13,650. Ciijjital: UiUher Inn linn. 

KmiiEBFORD coiinly, Tt^nrt. Situate feiitmlly, und con- 
tains 4;3l sq. m. Stone r. pusses llirnntih the N. E. portion, 
by wliii'h arid its branches and small affluents of Cumber- 
hind r. it is drained. Surface hilly; soil very fertile, and 
produees abundantly eotlon. tobaeeo, wheat. jj;rain, fruits, 
etc. A<^ricullure is the leadini; pursuit with a lari^e num- 
ber of the pni)uIatUin. A portion of the land is well tim- 
bered, and some minerals are to be found. Farms l.nOT; 
manuf. 41 ; dwell. 2,s;i5, and pop.— wh. 1(1,914, fr. eol. 2:J(i, 
si. 11.97S— total 2'.KV2-2. Oipit'il : Mnrfreesboro'. I'tihlic 
iryrX-.sv Nashville and Chaltanoofra 1'. u. 

Rl'tufufoudton". i>. v.. and eaji. IJutherford en., y. On: ; 
193 m. W. Ijy 8. Raleigh. Situated on a branch of Broad 
river, and contains a court-house, jail, academy, hotels, and 
fiourin^-mills. The "Mountain Banner"' (State riijhls) is 
publislu'd weekly. Pop. ."iOS. 

licTHKB Glenn, p. o.. Carolino county, V'lrg.: 33 m. N. 
Kicliniond. 

Rutland county, Yt'rm. Situate E. toward the S., and 
contains 94S sq. m. Drained by Oitcr cr., and lUacU, While. 
Pawlt't. and Queechoe rivers. Surface elevated, and in parts 
mountainous; but on Oltoi* cr. are some portions of tertile 
land ; soil various — in most parts well suited fur pasture. 
Inm ore of a good quality is found here, and some quarries 
of excellent marble, much of wtiich is exj)oried. Chief 
products, wheat and In<iian corn. This county has good 
water privilejrcs. F.irms '2.60S: raanuf. 275; dwell. 5.6GI, 
and pop.— wii. 32,93?, fr. eol. 12u— tcMal 33,059. C<ij>iUil: 
Rutland. Publiti Works: RuTland and Burlington K. R. ; 
Western Vermont R. R. ; Rutland and Wa.shington R. R. 

EiTTLAND, 1. and p. v., Worcester co., Muss, : 47 m. W. 
Boston. Situated on the height of land between the sea 
and Conneclieut r. Surface uneven and billy; soil best 
adapted tn grazing; watered by a branch of Ware river, 
which affords power for several mills. Ihis t.. formerly 12 
miles square, was bought of the Indians for £23 in l(iS6, and 
i-ncor[)orated in 1714. The v., in the central part tif tiie t., 
conlnins a town-house, academy, handsome Congregational 
church, eevera! neat dwellings, and has some manufac- 
tures. Pop. 1,223. 

Rutland, t. and p. o., Jefferson co,. K, Y. : 140 m. N. W. 
Albany. Surt'ace undulating ; soil fertile loam, uu'lerlaid by 
limestone. Drained S. W. by Sandy cr. and by Black r., 
which forms its X. boundary. In this t. and \ieinity are 
found remains of Indian forliticatinns. It has sorne manii- 
faeturcs. several tanneries, saw, grist, aud fulling mills. 
Pop. in IS40, 2,090 ; in 1650. 2.2G5. 

RuTL.vND, t. and p. v., Meigs CM\iv\l\\.Ohio : on N. sitle of 
Leading creek, a tributary of ilie Uhio. 77 m. S. E. by S. 
Ct)lnmbus. containing several tanneries, grist, an<l saw 
mills, and hns some manufactures. Pop. of t. in 1840,1,410; 
in ls50, 1.745. 

RuTLXsn, t. and p. o., Tioga comity, Ftiit).: 104 m. N. 
llamsburg. Surface hilly ; soil gravelly loam ; contains a 
few mills. Pop. abont 75it. 

Rl'tlaxd, t.. p. v., sUt.. and cap. Rutland co., T>rm. : on 
Otter cr, 50 m. S. S. W. Montpelier. Surface of t. uneven ; 
soil various, from a stroTig loam to a liglit sand, but gen- 
erally fertile. Drained by Otter cr. and iLs branches, which 
afford water-power, and by a branch of Casllelon r. Iron 
*>re of good quality is found : als(», lime, and a great abund- 
ance of whito and beautifully variegated marble, of which 
several <iuarrie6 ivre extensively worked. The t. was char- 
terctl in lilil, and settled abotit 1770. During the Revoiu- 
Ijonary War it was a frontier town, through which wa.s the 
only milit:iry road from Charle*tx.wn, X. Uanip., to Ticon- 
dernga aud Crown Point, on Lake Champhun. The Lis 
divided into two parishes. East and Wept; the former con- 
tains Rutland village, the most important place; in the 
latter are two sniall villages. West Rutland, and Hnokkin's 
I'.iU'i. Rutland village has an elevated situatioti, is well 



built, containing many handsome dwelling*, and was incor- 
porated in ls4T. Three imiioriant railf<'ads [la-is through 
it : Rutland and Burlinglon R. R.,53 in. from Kellnws Kalis, 
and 07 in. from Burlington ; Rutland and Washiin;tnn R. R. 
from Troy 65 in. ; and Western Vermont R. R. fn-m Troy. 
ri'i N. Bennington, Si m., the opening of which luis given 
a powerful iuq^eius to the pros|iiTity of the village and 
town. It eontaitis a cnuri-hou-^e, jail, 1 iiank. cap. $1.50.000, 
and 3 churches. Here are located the machine-slmps and 
engine-houses of the Western Vermont R. R.. and some 
large manufactories of marble, iron, slate, leather, cabinet 
furniture, etc. The "R. Herald" t^whig). and "Vermont 
Vniou Whig," are i'-sue.l weekly. The town of Rutland 
ranks as the second in agricultund and the first in mineral 
I)roduclii.ns in the State. Pojiuhilion uf t. in 1.S40, 2,70S ; 
in l?5i», 3,715. 

Rl-tlam), t. and p. <>., Dane co.. If7.sc. ; 24 ni. S. 8. E. 
Madison. Soil excellent, watered Ijy branch of Cattish cr. 
of Rock r. Pop. 792. 

RrxLANn Ckstrk. sta.. Rutland county, rtrin.: 2 m. N. 
Rutland, on Rutland and iJurliiigli.n R. R. 

Ri-TLcnGE, p. v„ ami c;ip. Cramger co.. Tphik: ISI m. E. 
Xaslnille. It contains a court-house, jail, and about 100 
iuliabitanls. 

RuTLF.DGE, p. v., and cap. M-Dunald co., Jlo. : on S. side 
of Elk r,, l5;3 in. S. W. dellerson t'iiy. 

Rye, t. and p. o.. Rockingham co., ^\^ I/ninp.: on the 
Atlantic shore, 41 in. E. S. E. C(mcord. The surface has 
con'tiderable sandy beach and salt meadow, which yields 
large quantities of griLss. It has a liarbnr near Cmss Mill, 
ailmittiiig. at high water, vessels of 75 or SO tons, and from 
which the fisheries are earrieil nn. Chartered in 1719. Pop. 
in 1S40, 1.205; in 1S50, l,21l(i. 

Rye. t., p. v., and sta.. Westchester co., y. J'.; 114 m, S. 
Albany. Surfaee,^ii(ven and stony : soil, clay loam ; drained 
nn the E. by i:>rain r.. and on the W. by Blind brook, both 
fl'jwing into Long Island Sound, wlijch bounds it on the S 
The v., siluateii 1 m. N. of the sound, contains 3 churches, 
an academy. 2 taverns, a few stores, an*! about 250 inhabit- 
ants. The New York and New Haven R. R. passes through 
it, 27 m. from New York, anrl 49 m. from New Haven. 
Pop. oft. in ISIO, 1,S03 ; in 1S.50. 2.5s4. 

Ryt. Cove, p. o., Scott county, \'ir{/.: 2S1 ni. W. by S. 
RichmfUid. 

Rteoai^. t., p. v., and sin.. Caledonia co.. V-'n//.: an W. 
bank of i:nuneeiicui r.. 25 m. E, b> S. M.)nip..lier. There is 
not much intervale lainl on the r., but iln^ soil is geiierally 
produciive; it is best adapted to grazing, and large nuntluTs 
of slieep are kept. Watered by Wells r., whieti aHords 
water-power, .some smaller sireauis, aud several ponds. At 
Cauoe Falls, in Connecticut r., against Itie middle of the t., 
is a dam across the r., which afTnrls extensive water-power. 
Chartered in 17(13, and first settled in 1774, by emiirrants 
from Scotland, from whom a large part of the present inhab- 
itants have descended. They are chiefly devoted to agri- 
cultural pursuil.s. are imlustrinus and frugal. The u contains 
2 churches — Presbyterian and Associate Reformed — 2 tan- 
neries, and several saw-mills. Tlie Connecticut and Pas- 
sumsie Rivers R. R. passes through the t., 44 m. from White 
River Junction, and 16 m. from St. dolmsbury. i'op, in 
1S3II, 1,119; in 1S40, 1.223 ; in 1S.50, l.Oot;. 

Ryerson's Station, p. o., Greene county, Ftnn.: 1.53 m. 
W. by S. Harrisburg. 

Rye Valley, p. o., Smyth co , Jlrg.: 231 m. W. by S. 
Riehmnnd. 

Ryl.\nd's DkpAt, p. o. and sta., OreeiiviUe co., Vlrff. : on 
Greenville, Gaston. an<l Raleigh R. R., lO m. from Iliclis- 
ford, 7i) m. from Riehmnnd. 



S. 



Sahatcs p. o.. Lincoln co., ,)/;•. .• nn branch of An.lros- 
cofTiTin r.. in I. uf Wfb>t^T, 'J4 m. S. W, l)y S. AiiL'iivta. 

741 



SAB 



SAC 



Sabbath Day Point, ^V. }'.: on W. side of Lake George, 
in t. of Ilagt'r; derives its name from tlie landing of some 
Engli-sb troojjs on tlie Sabbath day, during the old French 
"War, and tlitir dcstrucliun l)y Indians. 

Sai!Ili.isvili.e, p. v., Fri'derick co., J/«7. ; on a branch of 
the Monocaoy r., 95 m. N, W. Annapolis. 

Sabina, j>. v.^, Clinton co., Ohio : on a branch of Kattlo- 
snake cr., IIG ni. S. W. Cohunbus. The Cincinnati, Wil- 
mington, and ZaiiosviUe U. 11. will pixss tlirongh it. 

Sakine parish, Za. Siluale W.. and contains 1.2S7 sq. ra. 
Drained by Ilaspoon, Ncgret, and Lannacoco bayous. Sur- 
face generally lovi.1 ; soil fi-rtile. and along the banks of Sabine 
r., which bounds it on the "W., are large tracts of land which 
prove productive with cultivation. Chief products, Indian 
corn, cotton, etc. Farms 522, nianuf. o, dwell. 632, and pop. 
— wh. 3,34T, fr. col. 0, si. 1,1GS— total 4,515. Capital: 
Manny. 

Sabine county, Texr. Situate E., and contains S09 sq. m. 
Drained by allluunta of Sabine r., wliich forms ila eastern 
boundary, and by Ik-ar cr. in the S. W. Surface undulat- 
ing; soil varied ; in the W. and S. W., the land being gen- 
erally rich and productive, and ailapted to the growth of' 
cotton, wheat, corn, and fruit, and a large portion is cov- 
ered with timlier. Farms 171, manuf. 12, dwell. 2S8, and 
pop.— wh. 1,55G, fr. col. 0, si. 942— total 2,49S. Capitul: 
Milan. 

Sabixe rivrr, Tex. and La. : is formed at the S. boundary 
of Hunt CO., Tex., in lat. 320 ot)' N., by the confluence of 3 
principal head branches, viz., Cow Leech, Caddo, and "West 
fork— ilie two former rising by several creeks in the N. 
part of Hunt co. From its source il flows E. S. E. 120 m. in 
very direct course toward the E. boundary of the State, 
until, at the middle of the N. boundary of Panola co., when 
19 m. from the E. boundary line, il takes a more S. E. course 
through Panola co., and reaches the boundary at the S. E. 
corner of the co.. in lat. 32'^ N., and thereafter forms, in its 
southerly course to the Gulf of Mexico, the boundary line 
between this Slate and Louisiana. Before it reaches the 
Gulf, it expands into Sabine Lake, 30 m. long, and averag- 
ing S m. witle ; but on leaving the lake, 7 m. above the Gulf, 
it contracts to its usual width, which it retains until il enters 
the Gulf of Mexico, in lat. 29° 40' 4V' N., long. Sio 35' W. 
In low stages of water it h;is 4 feet of water on the bar at its 
mouth. Its entire length is about 3G0 m. It is navigable 
150 ra., and furlhfT up for keel boats. Its upper p()rlions 
water the most hilly parts of the Slate, and have a rapid 
current. Along Sabine co. it is generally 100 yards wide, 
and from G to S feci deep. In its lower course it pusses 
through a sandy tract of land. 

Sabine City, p. v., JelTersnn co., Tex. : at the outlet of the 
lake so called, about 10 m. from the Gulf, 239 m. E. by S. 
Austin City. The harbor is excellent, admitting vessels 
drawing 9 feet of water. The trade of the settlements on 
the Sabine, Ncclu'S, and tributaries will no doubt centre 
here, and in a few years it will rank with impurlance among 
the cities of the republic. 

Sabinesvillk, p, o., Tioga co., Feim. : 101 m. N. by "W. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Sabine Town, p. v., Sabine co., Tex. : on the right bank 
of the river so called, below the confluence of Palo Gacho 
bayou, 257 m. E. N. E. Austin City. 

Sabauouoly, p. v., Yallabusha co.. Miss. : near a fork of 
the Taltabusha r., 109 m. N. by E. Jackson. 

Sable cape, I'lor. : the most southerly point of the main- 
land of the peninsula, in lat. 24P 50' N., and long. 81° 15' W. 
On it is situated Fort Poinsett. 

Sable river, S. Y. See Au Sable river. 

Sabula. p. v., Jackson co., la.: near the Mississippi r., 
74 m. E. N. E. Iowa City. 

Sac county, /(/. Situate toward the N. "W., and contains 
576 sq. ra. Drained by Soldier and Boyer rivers, tributaries 
of Missouri r. Surface generally level ; soil fertile. Set off 
since ls50. 
743 



Sac river, Mo. : rises in Lawrence and Greene counties, 
flows N., and enters Osage r. in St. Clair county. 

Sacandaga river. A' Y. : rises in several small lakes in 
Hamilton county, and after a winding E. course, enters 
Hudson r. opposite Luzerne village, "Warren county. 

Saccauappa, p. v. and sta.. Cumberland co., Me. : on the 
Presumpscot r. and York and Cumbcrlaiul II. R., 7 m. from 
Portland, 54 m. S. by E. Augusla. Great water-power is 
here afforded, and improved by numemus saw-mills, etc., 
and a large brick colton-mill, containing 104 looms and 
2,900 spindles. 

Saoklt's, p. o., Macomb county, Mic/t, : S4 m. E. by S. 
Lansing. 

Saokett's Harbor, p. v. and port of entry, Jefferson en., 
i^ 1'. ; on Black Piiver bay, at E. end of Lake Ontario, 
154 m. N. W. Albany. Lat. 43^ 55' N., long. 750 57' W. 
This harbor is one of the best and most secure on the lake, 
and was an important naval station during the last war with 
Great Britain. On 2Sth May, 1S13, a sharp contest here 
took place between the American and British forces, result- 
ing in Ilie defeat of the British ; and subsequently another, 
on .30th May, 1S14, with the same success. During the war 
the v. increased with great rapidity, and at its close expe- 
rienced a decline, from which it has now fully recovered. 
In 1S14 the T'nited States government here commenced the 
erection of the Madison Barracks, which consist of three 
extensive slone barracks, hospital, commissary's store-house, 
guard-house, and other buildings, affording accommodation 
for 2,000 troops, occupying a lot of about 40 acres, fronting 
on the bay. In the military burying grounds attached to 
the barracks is a monument to the brave General Pike, who 
fell on the N. frontier during the last war. The government 
has also a ship-yard and ship-houses, in one of which the 
New Orleans, a 110 gun ship, commenced during the war, 
remains upon the stocks. 

The v., incorporated in 1814, has considerable manufac- 
tures, and trade by the lake and the river SL Lawrence. A 
good water-power has been obtained by the construction of 
a canal from the Black r., a distance of 12 m., executed by 
the citizens at a cost of .$25,000, and affording a fall of 30 
feet, improved by various mills, machine shops, etc. There 
are 3 churches. 1 bank — cap. $2('0,000, 4 hotels, 2 furnaces, 
etc. The "S. H. Observer'* (whig) is issued weekly. A 
railroad is in construction, to connect at Pierrepont with the 
Watertown and Rome E. K. On 30th June, 1850, the ton- 
nage of Sacketrs Harbor district was 8,124 tons, all of which 
was enrolled and licensed, permanent, and employed in 
the coasting trade. During the year preceding the number 
of clear.-inces for foreign ports was 259-142,799 tons ; No. 
of entrances do.. 279 — 158,t69 tons; of all which tonnage 
about ten-elevenths was American. Vessels built during 
ihe year, none. During the year 1S49 the value of the 
amount of trade of this port with Canada alone was — im- 
ports. $2G.5fi4; exports, $2G,44G— total, $53,010. 

Saco, I. p. v., and port of entry, York co., Me. : on N. side 
of Saco r., 67 m. S. S. "W. Augusta. Lat. 43^ 31' N.. long. 
HP 2G' W. By Portland, Saco, and Portsmouth It. i;.. 13 m. 
from Portland, 3S miles from Portsmouth ; and thence by 
Eastern E. R., 92 m. from Boston. The surface of the t. is 
somewhat uneven, and abounds with romantic and beaull- 
ful scenery. It has fine interval Ijuid on the r., by wliich 
it is well drained, and is also watered by several small 
streams flowing from an immense bog. called the Heath, on 
one of which is a fine waterfall of Gii feet, surrounded by 
wild scenery. From the mouth i»f the r. a fine beach ex- 
tends along Ihe shore about 5 miles to the E., called Old 
Orchard Beach, which is of considerable resort in surntner. 
Another fine beach, of less extent, connects Fletcher's Neck 
with the nuiin land, on which is a tavern. Saco v. is situ- 
ated about S m. (Vom the mouth of the r, at the falls, where 
is a descent of 42 feet, presenting a beautiful appearance 
and affording great water-power, and which has been ex- 
tensively improved. Just below the falls is a fine basin, 



SAC 



SAD 



wlu-re vessels take in their cargtx-s. Tlic fmMnrirs cnnsisl 
of 9 large cotton-mills, 1 i\0(tlen-mill. nuinernus suw-iuilta, 
and various mechanical eslablishmrnlj". The York Manu- 
facluring C'o. have a capital of $1,000,000, nianufacliiring 
colore<i and white cotton goods, running 'in.iiim s|)iiidks, 
S50 looms, and annually consume 7,iK)U bales <>f eoiton. The 
Sano AYater-Power Co. have a capital of .$-2,00i 1,000. The 
Uiinber business is very extensive, was comnionci-d at a 
very early period, and for a long time was by far Ihe chief 
business oti Saco r. The v. contains 2 banks, willi aggre- 
gate capital of $175,000, savings' iribtilutioii, insurance cum- 
piiny. an academy, some handsome churches, etc. The 
"Maine Democrat" and "The Union" (whig) are i.'wued 
weekly. The total tonnage of Saeo dislrirt on 30th June, 
ISM, w;i3 2.T23 tons. The registered tonnage was 1,070 
tons, consisting of 330 tons permanent, and 1,'JIO tons tem- 
porary. The enrolled and licensed tonnage was 1,153 tons, 
all permanent, employed as follows: coasting trade, 602 
tons ; cod fishery, 303 tons ; mackerel fislien,-, 24.S tons. 
During the fiscal year preceding, the number of clearances 
for foreign countries was 4 — i9G tons; No. of entrances do.. 
2— 213 Ions. Vessels built during the year— 1 ship. I.OIS 
tons. pop. of town in 1S30, 3.219; in 1S40, 4.40S; in In")!). ' 
5,794. The v. of Biddeford, on the S. side of the r.. in IJid- 
dt'ford I., is connected with Saco by bridges, and closely 
uniti-d with it in business relations, and at a little distance 
Uie two villages appear as one settlement. 

Saco river. A\ BaiKp. and Me. : is formed in the "Wliite 
Mountains, N. Ilamp., from three small head branches, Ihe 
most N. of which rises within a few rods of Ihe source of 
Ammoniiosuc r., which flows "W. to Conneelieiit river. The 
Saco, in its general course, flows S. S. E., and empties into 
Saco l):iy of the Atlantic. It enters Me. in Fryeburg t., and 
in Cornish I, receives Ossipee r., Ihe outlet of Ossipee lake. 
Its entire length is about 160 m. It is much broken in its 
course by falls, preventing navigation, but affording great 
wivler-power. The princi])al falls are in Me., 4 in nutnber, 
viz.. Great Falls, at Hiram, 72 feet; Steep Falls, at Liming- 
ton,20feet; Salmon Falls, at HolMs and liuxton. 30 feet; 
and Saeo Falls, at Saeo, 42 feet. Pine limber abounds upon 
its lianks, furnishing supplies for numerous saw-mills. The 
ordinary rise of the water, in the spring, is from 10 to 15 
feet, but is much higher in freshets, when the r. and its fulls 
present a very grand appearance. 

S.vn:AMENTo county, Calif. Situate centrally, and con- 
tains 1,000 sq. m. Drained by American r. on the N., and 
Cosumes and Mokelumne rivers on the S., all affluenis of 
the Sacramento, which on the AV. forms its boundary. Sur- 
face varied — in the E. somewhat mountainous. In 1S52 
there were invested in quartz raining $124.1G5, in placer 
mining $S0,S0S, and in other mining operations $169.S50 ; 
in live-stock $1,3:35,69?, in farming, etc., $1,773,325, and 
otherwise $5,358,394. It is one of the richest counties in 
the Stale. Pop.— wh. 11,196. negroes 240, nudattoe* 99, In- 
dians SO, Chinese S04, etc.— total 12.5S9. Ofplhil: Sacra- 
mento City. 

Sacramento, p. 0.. Marquette county, Wise. : 57 m. N. 
Madison. 

Saci'.amf.nto river, C<il!f. : rises in the mountainous range 
in the N. part of the State, in N. E. part of Shn*te county. 
Its general course is S. ; it receives numerous small streams, 
and the larger ones, of Feather and American rivers, Pula 
cr.. and near its mouth is joined by the San Joafpiin. Its 
entire length is about 300 m., its width varies from 2')0 to 
3i>0 yar<ls; its banks are adorned with trees, and it is nav- 
igable at all seasons to Sacramento. In Ihe rainy season it 
wonderfully increases in volume, overflows its banks, and 
floods Sacramento City and some other border settlements. 
The valley of the Sacramento (as also that of the San Joa- 
quin") is hut a vast basin, of which the Coast Range and 
the Sierra Nevada Mountains form the exleri<ir rim. and an 
uinisual rain, together with the melting of the snow upon 
the mountains, is sure to flood the lower lands with water 



in ileplli pri>pMrlinurd to [he duralinn of the r;iiii i-r im-lting 
of the snows. It is generally well aJapIed to agricultural 
puri)osc3. 

Saci:a.mento City, p. v.. and cap. Sacramento co.. Calif. : 
on the Sacramento r., at the mouth of American r., in lat. 
3S0 31/ 12" N., and long. 121'^ 20' OS" W., about iOO m. 
N. E. San Francisco and 75 m. N. E. Yallejo. Its site is 
a low, level plain and is naturally overflowed in the rainy 
season. To prevent as far as possible this inundation, 
a levee has been eon>trncli-d on the river banks. It was 
formerly called ''New Helvetia," and is laid out in right 
angles, on the site of. and embraces Ihe celebruti--d '" Sutte/''6 
Fort.''^ The streets nmnitig E. and W. are designated by 
the letters of the alphabet, atid those running N. ami S 
by the numerals. The original lorest trees still stand in the 
lown,_and give it a pieluresque appearance, and many ot 
the streets are lined with oaks and sycamores 6 feel in di- 
ameter. It is a level and pleasantly situated place, embra- 
cing a square of about a mile and a half to the side, and 
derives its name from Ihe river so called. From a tort and 
its oulbuddings, which a few years since constituteil the 
whole inhabited tenements, it has suddenly beconto a flour- 
ishing city, ami is the grand dep6t for the supply of al! 
the northern mines. In April, 1649, there were 4 houses in 
the place. The original price of emhareadero, or river lots, 
was $500. they now command as many thousands. Every 
thing indicates tliat this place has received an impetus 
which other localities will find it diflicull. if not imjio^sihle, 
to retard. According to the census of iSoif, Sacramento 
City contained 823 stores of varimis kinds, (j5 blacksnnlh 
shops, 6 steam-mills. 5 soda and synip manufaelories. 2 
breweries. SO clothing stores, S cabinet shops, S livery sta- 
bles, about 150 eating sali>ons and hotels— some of the latter 
of the most costly description; also 90 physicians, 70 law- 
yers, 6 churches — 1 Episcopal. 1 Presbyterian, 3 Methodist 
(1 colored), and 1 Baptist. A Roman Caiholie. church is in 
course of eree(i<in. The number of inhahitanb* in the city 
proper, or within the city limits, was 6,0ini; but had the re- 
sident pt>pulaIion all been in the city, the number would 
not have fallen much short of 12,000, while in the country 
there are about 3,000 citizens. Out of the wlinle number 
there are butl,460 females ofall kinds, grades, and complex- 
ions. Tlie banks of the river in the vicinity furnish one of 
Ihe best farming regions in the State, though the crops on 
the low lands are exposed to great ravages from the period- 
ical floods. The gold <ligging9 commence about 30 m. E. 
of the city, at the entrance of the hills, which rise rapidly to 
the eastward till they terminate in the high ridge of Ihe 
Sierra Nevada. The gold was first discovered on the S. 
(tirk of the American r., 50 m. from Sacramento, an<l all 
that neighborhood is still much resorted to by miners. 
Steamboats ply daily between this city and San Francisco, 
and considerable trade is carried on by sailing vessels. The 
river is navigable up to the tn\^^^ at all seasons of Ihe year, 
and the irade is rapidly increasing. Like San Francisco, 
this city h:is suffered considerably by flre, which, although 
causing inuuense losses, has tended to beautify it, in Ihe 
form of neater and more substantial buildings. In 1S50, 
the public press consisted of the "Transcript," a daily and 
weekly; the "Placer Times," daily and weekly (neut.) ; 
"Daily Imlex," daily; and the "Tribune." a daily and 
weekly issue. The census of 1SE2 gives a jiop. of lo,00l». 

SADAtiirADA, or Saqi-ott creek, Oneida co., K. Y. : rises 
in Paris t., flows N. in genera! course, and empties into 
Mohawk r.. 1 m. from Whitesboro', This is one of the most 
important mill streams of its size in the State, nffording an 
immense water-power to numerous factories, fiouring-mills, 
and other manufacturing establishments in the various vil- 
lages and settlements on its banks. 

Saddi-R mountain. JA/«. .• in Adnins to^\Ti, Berkshire co., 
3.505 feet high, the highest of Massach use its' mountains, 
nnd of compnrativety easy ascent. Its summit is generally 
i known as Cray Lock. 

743 



SAD 



SAI 



Saduleback ni'ninralns. Franklin co., M'\ : 12. of Acqucs- 
suck lake, a few iniles N. W. of Philipslowii. 3J00 11. hiy:h. 

Saiidle river, S. Jer.: rises in lloekIan«I co., New York, 
a few m. above ils ti. boumiary.. and flows S. IS m. to iU 
entrance into Passaic r., about 1 m. above Aquaekanock. 
It has a rapid course, and affords extensive water-power. 

Saddle Peak Mountain, Sierra co., Calif.: 7,200 feet 
high. 

Saddle RrvEP., t, and p. o., Bergen co., N. Jer. : 58 m. 
X. E. by N. Trenton ; bounded l>y Saddle r. on tlie E. and 
Passaic r. on the S. Surface in some parts mountainous, 
but level on the E. between Passaic and Saddle rivers ; soil 
red shale and loam, fertile in the valleys and well cultivated ; 
watered by the aforesaid rivers and several brooks. It con- 
tains a few mills and ston-s. The inhabitants are chiefly 
devoted to agriculture. Pop. SIG. 

Sadsbitkyville, p. v., Chester co., Penn. : 57 m. S. E. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Saegeestown, p. v., Crawford co., Peym. : on the E. side 
orFrench cr.,and on the proposed line of the Pittsburg and 
Erie K. P.-, 194 m. N. AV. Ilarrisburg. 

Saegi'-bsville, p. v., Lehigh co., J'enn.: 75 m. E. N. E. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Safe Harbor, p. v., Lancaster co., Peiin.: on the left 
side of Susquehanna r., near the mouth of Conestoga cr., 
34 m. S. E. Ilarrisburg. There is a furnace hi;re, having 
an annual capacity ol 5,000 tuns, and a rolling-inill, which 
in 1S50 made o,5G7 tons rails, both moved by steam. 

Sagauauock, Jle.: the ancient name of a section of 
country at, and E. of the mouth of Kennebec r., deriving 
its name from the settlement of a colony, in a locality called 
Sagadahock, at the mouth uf the Kennebec, in lOuT. This 
name is still much used to designate the Kennebec, or more 
particularly that portion of it below the confluence of the 
Androscoggin. 

Sace Hill, p. c, Graves county, K//.: 220 m. S. "W. 
Frankfort. 

Sageville, p. 0., Hamilton co., K Y. : 79 m. N. N. W. 
Albany. 

Sageville, p. v., Lauderdale co., jifiss. : on W. side of 
Chickasawha r., 85 m. E. Jackson. 

Sag Uakbob, p. v. and port of entry, Suffolk co., Ti. T. : 
on an excellent harbor so called, between Gardiner's and 
Great Peconic bays, 92 m. E. by N. New York city, 141 m. 
S. E. Albany. First settled in 1730, and incorporated iu 
1S03. The site is sandy and sterile. It suffered severely by 
a fire in 1845, but was soon rebuilt in a better manner than 
before. It contains 4 churches, an extensive clock factory, 
several mills, 1 bank, cap. $20,000, a dry-dock for repairing 
vessels, and numerous stores. The " Corrector" is published 
semi-weekly and weekly. Considerable quantities of salt 
are manufactured in this vicinity by evaporation of sea- 
water in the open air. This place is extensively engaged 
in the whale and other fislieries. The return cargoes are 
chiefly taken to New York and other porls. In 1S49, the 
imports here received, were 1,791 gallons .sperm, and 
37,379 gallons whale oil ; and 1SG,400 lbs, whalebone. The 
total tonnage of this district on 30th June, 1S50, was 
15,166 tons ; consisting of 10,954 tons in registered tonnage, 
and 4,213 tons in enrolled and licensed tonnage. The 
rcffistercd tonnage was all permanent, of winch there was 
in the whale fishery 2,575 tons. The enrolled and licensed 
tonnage consisted of 3,776 tons pcrmanendy employed in 
the coasting trade, and 62 tons in the cod fishery ; besides 
874 tons " licensed under 20 tons'' (319 Ions in coasting trade, 
55 tons in cod fishery); of all which, 12S tons were pro- 
pelled by steam. During the year preceding, it had no 
foreign commerce. Vessels built during the year, 3 (1 brig, 
2 schooners) — 119 tons. Pop. 3,650. 

Saginaw county, 3fich. Situate E. centrally, in the 
peninsula, and contains 1,048 sq. m. Drained by the Sag- 
inaw, Shiawassee, Flint, Tittibawassee, and Cass rivers. 
Surface level ; soil a rich loam, of a sandy nature, on a 
744 



substratum of clay. In the E. and S. 1'^., pine limber cuv- rs 
tin- laud to a great extent, about one-Ihird of Ihf c<>. being 
forest. Limestone and Gypsum are found on the bay. in ihe 
N. ^V. j)art The chief products are wheat, Indian f<iri», 
and potatoes. Farms 72; manuf. 14; dwell. 473, and pop. 
— wb. 2,G09, fr, col. 0— total 2.009. Copilal: Saginaw City, 

Saginaw, t., p. v., and cap. Saginaw co., Mich.: 57 m. 
N. K. Lansing. Drained by the Sagirniwand Titlibawassee 
rivers. The v. is located on the W. bank of the Saginaw r., 
on an elevation of 30 feet above the water. It is Imdt on the 
site formerly occupied as a trading post, and during the late 
war as a military post. It contains a court-house, jail, a 
printing-office, stores and warehouses of different kinds, 
saw-mills (moved by steam), and workshops of various 
descriiHions. Steamboats and sailing vessels are owned 
here, and employed on the ri\er and bay. It is at the ter- 
mination of the Saginaw and Detroit turnpike, and as tm 
as natural and artificial advantages arc concerned, the loca- 
tion is favorable to become a place of import:ince. The 
"■ Spirit of the Times" is a weekly issue. Pop. of t. in 1S40, 
837; in 1850,917. 

Sagi.vaw bay, J/>V7t. : a branch of Lake Huron, on its 
W. side, near the middle, setting into the mainland iti S. W. 
direction from the lake. It is about 60 m. long, and 30 m. 
wide, and contains a number of islands. It is navigable for 
vessels of .any burden, and its numerous coves afford some 
of the best harbors on the lake. It receives :?aginaw river. 

Saginaw river, Mich.: is formed in Saginaw co., by the 
confluence of several large Iribularius, of which the principal 
are, Cass r. from the E., Flint and Shiawasse r. from the S., 
and Tittibawassee r. from the N. "\V, The length of the 
Saginaw, from Flint r., where it commences, to ils mouth, is 
about 30 m. Its general course is N. E., emptying into the 
head of Saginaw bay. It varies in depth from 25 to 30 feet, 
and has a somewhat sluggish current. Below Saginaw city 
is a sand b.ar which has ordinarily 5 or 6 feet depth of water, 
but a N. E. wind frequently cumulates water to 6 feet in 
depth. 

Sago, p. o., Lewis co., Tirg. : 1S9 m. N. W. Kiehraond. 

Sail Creek, p. o., Hamilton county, Tvnn.: luS m. S. E. 
Nashville. 

Sailoi'.'s Kest, p. v., Montgomery co., Tetui. : on W. side 
of Yellow cr., 47 m. W. by N. Nashville. 

Saint Albans, j). v., Hancock co., Id. : on the border of 
a swamp, S7 m. W. N. W. Springfield. 

Saint Albans, t. and p. v., Somerset o.. Me.: 47 m, N. 
by E. Augusta. This is a good township, having fertile soil 
adapted to grain. It contains a large and beautiful pond, 
the outlet of which, Indian stream, affords water-power, and 
is a branch of Sebasticook river. Incorporated in 1S13. It 
contains two pleasant villages. In the L are several mills 
and stores, an academy, and some manufactories. Pop. of 
t. in 1830, 911 ; in 1840, 1,564; in 1S50, 1,792. 

Saint Albans, t., p. v., sta., and cap. Franklin co.. Verm. ; 
on Lake Champlain, 45 m. N. W. by N. Monlpelier; by 
Vermont Central K. K. 57 in. from Monfpelier, 134 in. from 
Windsor, 23 m. from House's Point. Surface moderately 
uneven ; soil fertile loam, and well cultivated. Drained by 
a small creek. First settled about 17S5. The v. is 3 m. E. 
of the lake, on elevated ground, commanding a fine pros- 
pect. It is surrounded by a fertile back country, has con- 
siderable manufactures, and a large business from its water 
communications with New York and Canada. It contains 
many handsome buildings, court-house, jail, on a handsome 
public square, 30 by 25 rotls, an academy, 3 churches, and 
1 bank, capital $50,000. The '■ St. Albans Messenger" (whig) 
is issued weekly, and the " Northern Advertiser" (advert.) 
monthly. The port of the v. and t. is at St. Alban's bay. 
Pop. of t. in 1S30, 2,395; in 1840, 2.702; in 1850, 3,5G7. 

St. Alban's Bay, p. o., Franklin co., Venn.: on Lake 
Champlain, 4G m. N. "W. by N. Montpelier. Here is a good 
landing-place, with a wharf anci'several store-housts, also a 
bank, with capital of $I0O,OiK). 



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Saint A>"DnE\vs, p. o., Orange co., X )'. ; -rl m. S.by W. 
Aib.'iny. 

tf AiNT A.vPKEw'a b.iy and sounil. Flor. : on S. coast, in 
"W. p:in of the State, clik'tly in Washington ro. Its nuiin 
body sot3 np N. 12 m., wilii an avora2:e widlli of from i.' to 
5 in. ; an E. arm extends parallel with the coast 'M) in., from 
1 to 10 m. wide; wliile another similarly extends \V. 'iO m., 
separated from the gulf by a beach 1 ra. wide. The bay is 
easy of access, has IS feet of water on the bar, an<l good 
anchorage within, sheltered from all winds. Ou its borders 
arc some fertile settlements. 

Saint A:,DnEW'^ Bay, p. o., "Washington oo., Flor.: at 
the Iiead of St. Andrew's bay. Si) ra. W. by S. Tallahassee. 

Saint Andrew's sound, Ga. : receives tlie waters of San- 
tilla r. and some small streams, and contains Dover and 
other islands. 

Saint Aktiiont's falls, Minn.Tfv.: in the Mississippi r.,a 
iillle above the mouth of Minnest)ta r. Their dimensions, as 
surveyed by llie officers at Fort Snelling, are— from W. bank 
to the island, 6W feet: across the island, '2TG feet; the E. 
fall. 300 feet; total wi-itli of river, 1.210 feet. The perpen- 
dicular f;ill varies from 25 to -30 feet. The fall in ahout 2^0 
rods in 55 feet; au'i from the foot of the rapids, a dlslance 
of several miles, about lOO feet. Father Ikiniepin named 
tlie.se falls. 

Saint Anthony's Falls, p. v., Ramsey co., Mhin. T'>i\: 
on theE. side of the Mississippi. 15 m. by water and S by land 
above St. Paul. It is laid out opjiosite and above the falls, 
and is a beautiful town site. A handsome elevated prairie, 
with a gentle inclination to the r. bank, and of suflieieiit 
widtli for several parallel streets, extends indefinitely up and 
down the river. In the rear of this another tat)le-iand swells 
up some 30 feet high, forming a beautiful and elevated 
plateau. The houses are mostly frame built, and among 
them is numbered a large and well-furnished hotel tor sum- 
mer travelers. This place has good prospects. The sup- 
plies for Fort Gaines, etc., create considerable traffic and 
travel both by land and water, and the return traffic -onsists 
of furs and peltries, with other Indian contributions. Top, 
iulSSO, 535. 

Saint Armand, t. and p. o., Essex county, K. Y.: 119 m. 
N. by W. Albany. Drained by Saranac r., and Placi<i lake 
lies partly in the town. Surface in the N. mountainous, and 
in the S. hilly ; soil red shale. Iron ore and copper is found 
in the vicinity. Pop. 200. 

Saint Aubect, p. c, Callaway co., J/".: 22 m. N. by E. 
Jefferson City. 

Saint ArGusTtNT!, p. city, port of entry, and cap. St. John's 
CO.. Fhn\ : 170 m. E. by S. Tallahassee. Lat. 29° 4S' 30" N., 
long. Sio 35' 00" W. The eity is situated 2 m. back from 
the Atlantic on an inlet, in the rear of a small island, which 
protects it from the swell of the ocean, but which is low and 
docs not obstruct the sea breezes or a view of the ocean. 
The inlet upon which it fronts, called Matanzas Sound, is 
an excellent harbor, J m. broad, capacious and secure. The 
bar at its mouth at low tide has about D feet of water, and 
within. IS or 20 feet. The site of the city is somewhat penin- 
sular, since the sound an<! a river extends in its rear up into 
the mainland, and is low, being not over 12 feet above the 
level of the ocean. Its form is a parallelogram, 1 ni. long 
and J m. wide. The houses are not compactly built, and 
many of them have a very antiquated appearance; they 
are generally two stories high, with the second story pro- 
jecting over the first, the first story of stone, .stuccoed, the 
Bceond story of wood. The streets are narrow, and many 
of them very crooked. The climate is celebrated for its 
mildness, and has made the city a favorite resort for invalids 
from the Northern States. The winter se.-ison sometimes 
pas.^cs without a single frost, and there are but one or two 
months in the year in which they ever occur. In summer, 
the heat (»f the day is tempered by the sea breezes, and the 
evenings are rendered cool and pleasant by the land breeze. 
An abundance of trees give the place a very rural appcar- 

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auce. Tlure is a fine large public square in th'^ IC. part of 
the lily, fronting on the sound ; on it-* W. side is the court- 
house; on the N. siile a splendid Calliolic church, and on 
tlie S. side Trinity church. Episcopal, a neat Onthic edifice. 
There are two otlier churches and a neat niarket-pla<*e in 
front of the harln)r. Here is a Unitcil Slates land office 
and the station of a surveyor-general. In the S. part of the 
city, fronting the Malanzas, are extensive barracks. At the 
N. eml of the city, and commanding the harbnr. stands 
Fort Marion, formerly the old Spanish castle of St. Mark, 
which was eompti-te<l about a century ago. It contains a 
number of Spanish guns, etc., which came into possession 
of the Cniieii States with the fort, one of which bears the 
date of 1735. One newsi)aper, "'Tlie Ancient Ciiy,'' is issued 
weekly. The foreign commerce of St. Augustine, during 
the year ending June 30, IS'iii, consisti-d in the entrance and 
clearance of one fnreign vessel of OS tons, having a crew 
of four men. During the year no vessels were built, and it 
has no tonnage whatever of its own. This is the oldest set- 
tlement in the TTnion, having been founded in 1564 by 
Spaniards. Tlie present population is al)out one-half com- 
posed of Spanish, French, and eili/ens desc-ndanls of other 
foreign countries. Since the incorporalinn fit' ihv Slate with 
the Union, this portion of tlie population has been rai)idly 
Americanizing. Pop. inls50, l,i»34. 

Saint Augustine, p. v., Fulton co., P7.: on the E. side 
of a branch of W. fork Spoon r., 73 m. N. W. Springfield. 

Saint ArnrsrixE, v., Cecil co., Jl'i.: aliout the middle 
of the neck of land lying between Enhemia r. and Black cr., 
10 m. S. of Elktf>n, 49 m. N. N. E. Annai>olis. 

Saint BEiiNARn parish. La. Situate S. E.. and contains 
5C2 sq. m. Drained by Uayou Cheronese and iis branclieg. 
Surface level and swampy; soil various, owing (otlie diver- 
sity of the surface; in tliose portions where it is not too wet 
for cultivation, anil the tillage attended to, it is very fertile. 
Chief products, sugar, rice, cotton, and Indian corn. It is 
bounded on the E. by the Gulf of Mexieo, and n>r some dis- 
tance below New Orleans includes both l>anks of ih'^ Mis- 
sissip])i. Farms 34; manuf 0; dwell. 253. and pi'p. — M'h. 
1.400. fr. col. 73, si. 3,323— total 3,802. Ciqjitnl : Terre anx 
Bwufs. 

Saint Blas cape, Flor.: a narn>w beach, bounding SI. 
Joseph's bay on the W., 25 m. W, Apalaehicola. 

Saint Catmaiunf.'s isl.-md, G<i. : lies (tff Newport river, 
between St. Catharine's sound rm the N., and Sapcl's sound 
on the 5-, is 10 ra. long, 5 m. broad, and belongs t(» Liberty 
county. 

Saint Chahles county, ^fo. Siliiate E., an<l contains 
495 sq. m. Drained by branchesof Missouri r.. which forms 
the S. E. boundary ; and of Mississijvpi r., which flows on 
the N. E. Surface varied ; soil fertile, and in the level por- 
tions very productive, and raising large quantiliis cf toliac 
CO, which is the chief production. It has fine prairie land, 
and some excellent limber. Iron ore of good quality is 
found, and there are some beds of coal. Farms l.'3."i; 
manuf. 33 ; dwell. 1,033, and pop.— wh. 9.492, \'r. 13, si. 1.949 
total 11,4.M. ChpiUil: St. Charles. P uhUc Works. ■iii.'Liims 
and Northern R. U. 

Saint Ciiaiu.f-s parish. La. Situate S. E.. and contains 
2S9 sq. m. Drained by Mississippi r., which passes through 
its N. central portion. jSurfaee generally level ; soil fertile, 
particularly along the banks of the Mississippi. Chief pro- 
ducts, sugar, rice, anrl Indian corn. It is bounded on the 
N. E. by Lake Pontcharlrain, W. by Lake Allemands, and 
S. by Lake Washa. Farms 70; manuf. 3; dwell. 191, and 
pop.— wh. SO", fr. col. 121, si. 4,132— total 5,120. Capital: 
St. Charles. 

Saint Charles, p. v. and sta., Kane co., LU. : on the W. 
bank of Fox r.. ami on a branch of Galena and Chicago 
li. K.. 37 m. W. Chicago, and 100 m. N. E. Sprlngfiehl. 
Tills is a Ihrivintr \illage, with some good mills and other 
mamifactories. The "Kane County Democrat" is issued 
weekly. 

745 



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Saint Charles, p. o., Butk-r co., Ohio : 99 m. W. S. "W. 
Columbus. 

Saint Charles, p. o., Juhnson co., N. Car. : 25 m. E. S. E. 
Ealfigh. 

Saint Charles, p. o., Arkansas county, Ark. : 60 m. S. E. 
Little Kock. 

Saint Charles, t., p. v., and cap. St. Charles co., 3fo.: 
on N. b:ink of Missouri r., S7 m. N. by E. Jefferson City. 
Its site is ban(lsonK%anil upon the first elevated land on the 
river above its mnulh. The village is about IJ^ m. long, has 
5 streets parallel wilh the riviT, and contains a eourt-house, 
stone jail, briek market-house, 3 churches, a Catholic con- 
rent, and female academy, several sleam-mills, stores, etc. 
St. Charles College is here located, a Methodist institution, 
founded in 1837, which in 1S50 had 4 proft-ssors, 20 students, 
17 aUiinni, and 900 volumes in library. Here is a ferry 
across Missouri r., which is the great crossing-place between 
St. Louis and (he N. and W. parls of the Ptate. The " St. 
Charles Chronotj-pe" (neut.) is issued weekly. Pop. of v. 
about 2,000 ; of t. about 3,300. 

Saint Clair county, Ala^ Situate toward the N. E., and 
contains 732 sq. m. Drained by branches of Coosa river, 
which forms its E. boundary, the principal being Canoe and 
Shoal creeks. Surface undulating; soil fertile, and pro- 
duces fine crops of wheat and Indian corn. Cotton is the 
staple. Farms 573; manuf. 0; dwell. 944, and pop. — wh. 
5,501, fr. col. 7, si. 1,8-21— total 6,S29. Capital: Ashville. 

Saint Clair county, III. Situate toward the S.W., and 
contains 656 sq. m. Drained by Kaskaskia r. and its afllu- 
enta, and by Prairie du Pont and Cahokia creeks, all tribu- 
taries of the Mississippi, which flows on its N. W. border. 
Surface undulating; in parts it is hilly and broken, and 
makes good p.isture land ; soil fertile, and produces fine 
crops of wheat and Indian com. It is well timbered. 
Farms 1,961 ; nianuf. 62 ; dwell. 3,727, and pop. — wh. 
19,606, fr. col. 575-lotal 20,181. Capital: Belleville. 

Saint Clair county, Mich. Situate E. of the S. Penin- 
sula, and contains 94S sq. ra. Drained by Belle. Black, and 
Pine rivers, and Mill cr., and bounded on the E. by St. Clair 
slraiL Surface undulating; soil in general fertile and pro- 
ductive. The chief crops raised are wheat, Indian corn, 
and potatoes. Farms 402; manuf. 6S; dwell. 1,816, and 
pop.— wh. 10,396, fr. col. 24— total 10,420. Capital : St. Clair. 

Saint Claik county, JSfo. Situate toward the S. W., and 
contains 656 sq. m. Drained by Osage river, which passes 
through it centrally, and by its branches, Sac r. and Clear 
creek. Surface rolling and diversified ; soil very fertile, and 
adapted to the growth of tobacco, wheat, and Indian com. 
Farms 327 ; manuf. 5 ; dwell. 531, and pop.— wh. 3,107, fr. 
col. 1, si. 44S — total 3,556. Capital : Osceola. 

Saint Clair, t, p. v., and cap. St. Clair co., Hfich. : on 
Bt. Clair r., 105 m. E. Lansing. This is a thriving t,, with 
fertile soil, watered by Pine r., on the S. side of which, at its 
mouth, is the v., on the site of old Fort SI. Clair. It contains 
a court-house, jail, churches, a branch of the Stale Univer- 
sity, ?ome steam-mills and stores. The " St. Clair Observer" 
(dem,) is issued weekly. It has a good harbor, and does 
considerable, business. During the year 1S4S its expor's 
amounted to $71,525; imports, do., $51.044 — li.tal value of 
exports and imports in 1S43, $122,569. The lumber business 
is extensive ; its annual product in year ending June 1, 
1850, .amounted in value to $90,000. Pop. of t. in 1S40, 418 ; 
in 1S50, 1.728. 

Saint Claib, p. v., Schuylkill co., Penn. : 44 m. N. E. 
Ilarrisburg. In the vicinity is a furnace moved by steam, 
wilh an annual capacity of 3,500 tons. It is an extensive 
mining region, and the village contains a number of dwell- 
ings, and 2,019 inhabitants, the majority of whom aro en- 
gaged in mining. 

Saint Clair, p. 0., Hawkins co., Tenn. : 210 m. E. by N. 
Nashville. 

St. Clair, t. and p. o., Columbiana county. Ohio: 129 m. 
E. N. E. Columbus. Drained by I^itlle Beaver r. and its 
746 



branches. Surface varied ; in parts level, and in general 
productive. The Sandy and Beaver Canal px^ses through 
the E. part of the town. Pop. 1,115. 
Saint Clair lake, Mick. See Lake St. Clair, p. 361. 
Saint Clair river or strait, Mich. : connects L;ike Huron 
with Lake St. Clair. It flows nearly direct S., willi a broad 
and deep current, for two-thirds of its course, and then di- 
vides into six channels, by which it enters Lake St. Clair. 
Tlie N. channel, bounding the main land of the State, is the 
only one navigated in ascending and descending the strait. 
The river is 40 m. long, with S5 m. of ship channel, has an 
average width of half a mile, depth of 50 feet, currents of 3 in. 
per hour, and an entire descent of 13 feeL It is an exceed- 
ingly beautiful stream of very clear water, is easily navi- 
gated, and is surrounded by varied and beautiful scenery. 
It has few islands besides those formed by ila outlets. It 
receives several rivers from Michigan, the principal of whieh 
are Black, Pine, and Belle rivers, but none from Canada. 
On its banks are several flourishing villages. 

Saint Clairsville, p. v., and cap. Belmont co., Ohio: 
on the National Koad, lOS ra. E. by N. Columbus. It con- 
tains a court-house, jail, and other public edifices, 6 church- 
es, a market-house, stores, etc. The " Belmont Chronicle" 
(whig), and the *'G.izette and Citizen" (dem.), are issued 
weekly. Pop. about 1,500. 

Saint Clairsville, p. v., Bedford co., Penn. : S4 m. "W. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Saint Clement's Bay, p. o., St. Mary's co., J\f<l. : at the 
head of an inlet so called of the Potomac r., 47 hl S. by W. 
Annapolis. 

Saint Cloud, p. o., East Feliciana par., Za.: 27 ra. N. 
Baton Rouge. 

Saint Croix county. Wise. Situate "W., and contains 
792 sq. ra. Drained by branches of St. Croix r., which runs 
on it:* N. W. border, and by other streams falling into Lake 
St. Croix in the W. Surface hilly and broken, and diversi- 
fied with small lakes; soil fertile. The greater portion of 
the county is unsettled, and as yet little has been done 
toward its cultivation. Farms 4 ; manuf. 2 ; dwell. 181. and 
poj).— wh. 619, fr. col. 5— total 624. Capit<tl : Willow River. 

Saint Croix river, Me. : constitutes the S. poriion i>f the 
boundary between the L'niled States and the British prov- 
ince of New Brunswick. It is also sometimes called Ptis- 
samaquoddy, Cheputnctecook, and Schoodic ; but the latter 
name is now generally given to the "W. branch of the St. 
Croix, flowing from the Schoodic lakes. The St. Croix 
rises in Grand lake, which is connected with Cheputnele- 
cook lake. It leaves the latter lake 54i m. from its mouth, 
at an elevation of 3S2J feet above tide-water. It has several 
sets of falls of considerable height, which afford great water- 
power. At the confluence of Schoodic r., 20^ m. from its 
mouth, it has an elevati(»n of 166 feet above tide-water. Its 
total descent, in reaching sea level, is 444 feet. It is navi- 
gable for large vessels to Calais, 12 m., where it is crossed 
by a bridge. 

Saint Croix lake and river. Wise. : rises in Upper St. 
Croix lake, in La Pdinle county, and there receives several 
large head branehes, of which the principal is tlic Narneka- 
gon r. It flows S. W. until it reneives Kinebek or Snake r., 
and thence its general course is southerly until it empties 
into the Mississippi at Prescot v. About 30 m. above its 
moulh it widens into an expanse called St. Croix lake, 
which is li to 3 m. wide until near its moulh. The river is 
navigable for steamboats about SO m., and for boats about 
200 miles. 

Sainteield, p. 0., Muskingum county, Ohio: 52 in. E 
Columlius. 

Saint Fkanois county. Mo. Situate toward the S. E., 
and contJiins 469 sq. m. Drained by head branches of St. 
Francis and Big rivers. Surface hilly, and in iho W. 
mountainous; soil gener.illy ferlile. This is a spl.ndid 
mineral region, and ihe county ciintains the celebrated Iron 
Mountain, and Pilot Knob ; these consist of micaceous ox- 



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Me (if irun, the whole top being oue solid sheet. The ore 
yields 60 per cent, of pig metal, and 11k* quantity altogether 
is estimated at about 600,000,000 of tons, enough to supply 
the world for a century. Oilier minerala are found. Farms 
437; manuf. 11 ; dwell. 704, and pop.— wh. 4,233, fr. col. 51, 
si. 6S0— total 4,904. Capital : Farmingtou. Puhlic Works : 
Iron Mountain E. E. 

Saint Francis county, Ark. Situate toward the "£.£, and 
contains 1,011 sq. ni. Drained by Cat-he r., and branches 
of St. Francis r., which runs on ita E. border. Surface in 
general level ; soil ferlile, and adaj)ted to grain. There is 
some tine timber on the land. Farms 34s; manuf. — ; 
dwell. 04:3, and pop.— wh. 3,770, fr. cul.2, si. 707— total 4,479. 
C'itpiPil: Mount Vernon. 

Saist Francis, p. v., St. Francis co., Ark.: on the "W. 
side of the river so called, 90 m. E. N. E. Little Rock. 

Saint Francis river, Mo. and Ark. : rises in SL Francis 
county, Missouri, flows S., and enters Arkansas, where it re- 
ceives Whitewater river, a large branch which rises in 
Missouri, and for a long distance flows nearly parallel to it. 
It enters the Mississippi in IMiilip's co,, and is navigable in 
high water nearly 200 m. It passes Ihrougii many lakes 
and swamps, but its waters are very clear, and abound with 
fine fi?h. 

Saint Fraxcisville, p. v., Lawrence co., lU. : on the 
right bank of the Wabash r., 133 m. S. E. of Springfield. 
It is surrounded by a ferlile and well timbered country. 

Saint Fbancisville, p. v., and cap. West Feliciana par.. 
La.: on the left bank of the Mississippi river, 30 m. above 
Baton Kouge. A great portion of the town is built on the 
plain, along the river, but the greater part is on a beautiful 
bill, immediately back, comriundcaling with the Mississippi 
by the bayou Sara, and conlains many fine buildings. 
It is a considerable place of trade, and has a number of 
extensive warehouses. The descending boats make this a 
stopping-place, and here also is the depot of a railmad run- 
ning to Woodville (Mississippi), by which large quantities 
of cotton are brought from the plantations in the interior. It 
contains a court-house, jail, several stores, and about 1,000 
inhabitants. 

Saint Francisville, p. v., Clark county, Mo.: on the W. 
aide of I)es Moines r., 13'2 m. N. by E. Jefferson City. 

Saint Genevieve county, Mo. Situate E. toward the S., 
and contains 433 sq. m. Drained by Au Vase and Establish- 
ment rivers, affluents of Mississippi river, which forms its 
N. E. boundary. Surface undulaling; in some parts it is 
hilly and broken ; soil generally fertile, the river bottoms 
being excellent land and very productive, while the uplands 
are more fit for pasture. It contains minerals, among whit-h 
are iron and lead ores. Farms 425; manuf. 10; dwell. S14, 
ami pop.— wh. 4,030, fr. col. 01, si. GIO— total 5,313, Capi- 
ial : St. Genevieve. 

Saint Gene\ieve. p. v., and cap. Sf. Genevieve co.. Mo. : 
on the right bank of Uie Mississippi r., opposite the island 
60 called, 62^ m. bejow St. Louis, 117 m. E. S. E. -lefTerson 
City. It is pleasantly located on a healthy spot, and is a 
considerable place of business, particularly in the article of 
lead, considerable quantities of which, as well as iron and 
copper, exist in the neighborhood. The v. is built on Ga- 
bourie cr., a small stream, which issometimes boatable. It 
contains a court-house, jail, academy. Catholic church, con- 
vent, and female academy. The "St. Genevieve Democrat" 
and the " Pioneer" (dem.) are both weekly issues. Tiie in- 
habitants are chiefly of French origin. Below here is a 
prairie of great fertility, 6,000 acres in extent, fenced and 
well cultivated. Pop. 71S. 

Saint George, t. and p. c, Chittenden co., Yer^n.: 8 m. 
S. E. Burlington, 28 m. W. N. W. Montpelier. Pop. 147. 

Saint George, t. and p. c, Lincoln co.. Me.: 8S m. S. E. 
Augusta, on a peninsula formed by the Atlantic Ocean on 
the E. and S., and Muscongus bay on the W. Incorp<jraled 
in 1S03, It iias exeell«-nt facilities for navigation, and em- 
ploys considerable shipping in the lumber ami coasting 



trade, and in the fisheries. Ship-building is carried on : in 
ls49 4 vessels — 057 tuns, were built. Pop. in 1S40, 2,094 ; in 
1S50, 2.217. 

Saint Georok river, 3T' .: rises in several ponds in Waldo 
county, :md flows S. 40 m. into Muscongus bay. The tide 
extends to Warren, 15 m. from the sea, to which place it is 
navigable. 

Saint Geor(;e's, hiind. and p. v.. New Castle co., Ihl. : 
23 m. N. by W. l)()vrr. II.-* cWmi trade is lumber, li has 
also Several grist and saw mills. Area, 42,0sii acres. Pop. 
about 3,r>iH). 

Saint George's, p. o. and sta.. Colli'ton district. S. Car.: 
on tlie W. side of a brani-h of Edislo r.. and on the South 
Carolina li. 11., 13 m. N. W. Charleston, anil 03 m. N. by W. 
Columbia. 

Saint Helen, p. v., Ceiiar co., Mo. : on the right bank 
of Sac r., li'5 m. S. W. Jefterson City. 

Saint 1Iei.es, p. o., Washington county, Ore(/. Ter.: on 
W. bank of Columbia r., 01 m. N. by E. Salem. 

Saint Helena parish. La. Situate N. in the E. part of 
the State, and contains 5'20 sq. m. Drained by Tickfau r. 
and its branches in the central portion, and tributaries of 
Amitie r. in the W. Surface uneven and br<iken; soil in 
general barren, and much of the co. is covered with ]iino 
timber ; along tin- lianks of the streams there are, however, 
some ferlile j)orlions, pr<»ducing rice, coiton, and Indian 
corn. Farms 273; nianul". 9; dwell. S9ii, and poji. — wh. 
•2,354, fr. col. U, si. 2,191)— total 4,501. Capital: Grecns- 
burg. 

Saint TTki.ena, p. v., St. Helena par., La.: on the W. 
side of Tieklau r., 35 m. K. N. E. Baton Kouge. 

Saint Helena island, Beaufort dist., .S, Car. .■ lies between 
St. Helena sound on the N. E. and Broad r. on the S. W. 

Saint Helena sound, S. Oir. : lies between Colklon ancj 
Beaufort districts, receives Combahee, Coosa, Ashepoo, and 
other rivers, and contains several islands. 

Saint Henry's, p. o., Mercer co., Ohio: 90 m, N. N. W. 
Columbus, 

Saint Illa, p. o.. Ware county, Ga. : on St. Ilia, or Sau- 
lilla r., 182 in. S. S. E. Miiledgeville. 

Saint Inigof.s, p. v. and port of entrj', St. Marj'sco., JA^. .• 
near a creek so called, an arm of St. Mary's river, 50 m. S. 
Annapolis. Tliis is the port of entry of St. Mary's district, 
of which the total tonnage on 30th June, 1S50. was 2,1S5 
tons, enrolled and licensed, all of whicli was employed in 
the coasting tra<le. During the preceding year the district 
had neither foreign commerce nor ship-bniiding. 

Saint Jacoh, p. o., Madison county, Jil. : 71 m. S. by W. 
Springfield, 

Saint James parisli. La. Situate centrally in the E. dis- 
trict, anrl contains 320 sq. m. Drained hy Missis^ipjii river, 
which flows llirough its S. portion. Surface even ; soil fer- 
tile. Chief products, cotton and sugar. It contains Jefl'er- 
son College. Farms 145; manuf. 0; dwell. 51)1, and pop. — 
wh. 3,255, fr. col. 02, si. 7,751— total 11,093. Capital: 
Bring iers. 

Saint John, p. v.. Lake co., Lntl. : on Thorn er., 132 m. 
N. W. Indianapolis. It is situated in the rmlre of a G.r- 
man Catholic settlement. G m. K. W. of Crown Point, wlRre 
they have erected a chapL-I. 

Saint John, p. o., Dodge county, Mo. : 13S m. N. N. W. 
Jefferson City. 

Saint John. p. v., Hertford eo., K Car. ; on a branch of 
Pottucasy cr., 90 m. E. N. E. Baleigh. 

Saint John Baptist parish. La. Situate centrally in the 
E. district, and contains 2SS sq. m. Drained by Mississippi 
river, which passes through its S. W. portion. Surlace 
diversified; soU generally unfit ft>r cultivulion. that portion 
lying along the streams only being ferlile; this, with culti- 
vation, proves productive, and \ields large quantities of rice, 
sugar, and coiloii, whiidi form ihe leading arlieles of com- 
nu-n-e. ll is bounded on tin- N. E. by Lake I'ontchartrain. 
Farms 102 • manuf. 1 1 ; tlwell. 530, and p-.p.— wh. 2.550, fr. 

747 



SAI 



SAT 



col. 191, si. 4.540— total 7.:31T. Capital: Bonnet Carre. 
JPuUic WorA-^i: New Orlfans, Opclousas. and Texas 11. li. 

Saint John's county, Flor. Situate N. E., and contains 
809 ^q. m. Drained by St. John's r. and its branches, and 
North r. Surface generally Icvid ; soil very fertile in many 
parts, and In others being loo low for cultivation. Chief 
jiroiliu'tions, cotton, sugar, Indian corn, oranges, cilrons, 
lemons, and vegetables of tlifTtTent kinds. On the St. John's 
rivt-r large quantities of live-oak- are found. Farms 34; 
manuf. 7; dwell. 321, and pop.— wh. 1,417, fr. col. 115, si. 
99:i— total 2.525. Otpitnl: St. Augustine. 

Sai.nt John's, p. o., Auglaize county, Ohio: 75 m. N. W. 
Columbus. 

Saint John's, TJ. S. collection district, Flor. : embracing 
St. John's r. and vicinity, had. on SOtii June.lSoO, a tomiage 
of 310 tons enrolled and licensed, permanent, and employed 
in tin coasting trade, of whicli Si) tons were propelled by 
steam, with no foreign commerce or ship-building. 

Saint John's river, /'/w.; this large river rises in an 
immense marsh in Orange co. Its general course is N. and 
parallel with the coast until, in Duval co., it turns suddenly 
to the E. and eniplirs into the Atlantic. Its entire length is 
about 2rjO m. Its wiiith varies greatly, from 4 m. to 3, and 
even 5 ni. In the first part of its course, 150 m. from its 
mouth, it flows through Lake George, 20 m. long and 6 m. 
wide; and on leaving that lake receives a very large stream, 
its main tributary, the Ocklawaha r. At its moulh it is 1 m. 
wide, and has 12 feet of water on the bar. A light-house is 
there erectetl. Vessels drawing 8 feet water can navigate it 
as far as Lake George and Dunn's lake, as also those lakes. 

Saint John's river, Me. : rises by several branches in the 
N. part of Somerset co., one of which (the N. W.) extends 
into Canada. It flows N. and E. until it reaches the N. 
boundary of the State, and thence constitutes the boundary 
line until it reaches the E. boundary line, in about lat. 47° 
N., when it passes into the province of New Brunswick, and 
flows with l)road stream, in irregular course, S. and E. into 
the Bay of Fundy. Its entire length is about 3n0 m. Tlie 
tide flows up about SO m., through which distance it is 
navigable for sloops of 50 tons. It is navigable for boats, 
with the exception of two sh* irl portages, nearly to its source. 
By the late treaty with Great Britain its navigation is free to 
both nations. 

Saint JoHNsnuRT, t.,p. v., and sta., Caledonia co., Venn. ; 
32 m. K. N. E. Moiitpelier. Surface uneven; soil fertile. 
Watered by Passumpsic r. and its tributaries, which afford 
great water-power. Chartered in 17SG ; first settle<l in 17'sS_ 
There are in the t. 3 handsome villages. On Sleeper's r. of 
the Tabsumpsie is the noted Fairbanks' scale manufactory. 
Here commences the Connecticut and fassumpsic Ivivers 
liailroad, extending to White River Junction, 61 m. One 
newspaper, the '* Caledonian'' (dem.), is issued weekly, and 
the V. contains a bank— capital $100,000. Pop. of t in 1S30, 
1.592; in 1S40, 1,S37 ; in 1S50, 2,758. 

Saint Johxsblry Centke, p. o., Caledonia co., Venn. : on 
Passumpsic r., 33 ra. E. N. E. Montpclicr. Contains a Con- 
gregational church, academy, etc. 

Saint JonNsniiKY East, p. o., Caledonia county, Ve}vn. : 
S4 m. E. N. E. Montpelier. 

Saint JouNS^^I-I.E, t.. p. v., and sta., Montgomery county, 
K. Y. : 55 m. W. N. W. Albany. Draiiie.l by East Canada 
and Zimmerman creeks, tributaries of the Mohawk r., which 
bounds it on the S. Surface varied, in parts hilly ; soil fer- 
tile, and mudi grain is raised. Organized in 1^37, and has 
limited manufactories, several mills, etc., a forge and fur- 
nace. The V. is on the N. bank of the Mohawk r., and on 
the Sdient'Ctady and tUica It. K., 47 m. from Scheiuctatly. 
The Erie Canal passes along the opposite side of the r. An 
extensive stone quarry is located near the village. Popula- 
tion of 1. 1 .027. 

Saint Jo^F.rn. p. v., and cap. Calhoun Co., Flor.: on the 
bay so calle«l, TO m. S. W. Tallahassee. It contains a court- 
liouae, jail. etc. 
74S 



Saint JosErn, t. and p. v., Berrien co., Mich. : on Lake 
Michigan, lu9 m. S. W. Lansing. Drained by St. Joseph 
and Pawpaw rivers, which unite in the t. Surface various, 
and heavy timber, consisting of oak, whitewood. linden, 
beach, elm, etc.. in abundance ; soil, along the l)anks of the 
streams, rich and highly cultivated. The village has a com- 
manding site, on an elevation of some 50 or 60 feet aoove 
the harbor, at the confluence of St. Joseph river with Lake 
Michigan, and being eligibly located for commerce, is one 
of the most important places on the W. side of the penin- 
sula. The r., at the v., is 900 feet in width, and the liarbor 
admits vessels drawing 6i feet water. A pier and other im- 
provements have been constructed, an<l 2,000 feel of wharf 
is built. A bridge here spans the r., and it is contemplated 
to connect it with Cas.«opolis, New Buffalo, Niles. etc.. by 
railroad. It contains a court-house, jail, several large for- 
warding and commission houses, mills, etc. The imports 
for the year 1S4S amfamted to $G72,S92, and the exports 
$543,895, making a total of $1,216,7^7. It is a thriving 
place, and contains about 2,000 inhabitants, and the t. 3.000. 

Saixt Joseph, p. v., Buchanan co., Mo.: about 1 m. E. 
of the Missouri r., 150 m. N. W. Jefferson City. 

Saint Joseph, p. v., Allen county, Ind.: 109 m. N. E. 
Indianapolis. It is a pleasant v., with 525 inhabitants. 

Saint Joseph, p. v.. :unl cap. Tensas par., Jm. : on the 
Mississippi river, 1S9 m. (by water) N. Baton Ilouge, and 
102 m. direct. It contains a court-house, jail, etc. 

Saint Joseph's county, Ind. Situate N., and contains 
437 sq. m. Drained by the St. Joseph's r. in the N. and E., 
and by Kankakee r. in the W. Surface level; soil a fine 
deep loam, well adapted to grazing. Chief pro<iuctious, 
wheat, Indian corn, anil potatoes. In the S. is some fine 
prairie land, and a quantity of good timber. It has good 
water privileges. Farms S47 ; manuf. 45; dwell, l.SSo, and 
pop.— wh. 10,925, fr. col. 29— total 10.954. Capital : South 
Bend. Puhlic Worka : Indiana Northern K. R. 

Saint Joseph's county, Mich. Situate S. in the S. Penin- 
sula, and contains 530 sq. m. Drained by the St. Joseph's r. 
and its branches, also by Portage. Prairie, Rocky, and Pigeon 
rivers. Surface slightly undulating; soil exceedingly fer- 
tile. The principal products are wheat, Indian corn, oats, 
and potatoes. The industry of the co. is chiefly applied to 
agricuUural pursuits, but the manufactures are eouj^iderable. 
The branches of the St. Joseph's river supply good water- 
I»ower. Farms 1,379 ; manuf. S2 ; dwell. 2,301, and pop. — 
wli. 12.C99. fr. col. 26— total 12,725. Orpital: CentrevUle. 
PtdiUc AVorl's: Michigan Southern E. K. 

Saint Joseph's, p. o., Champaign co., Ill, : 78 m. E. by N. 
Springfield. 

Saint Joseph's, p. c, Susquehanna county, Penn. : 120 m. 
N. by E. Ilarrisburg. In its vicinity is St. Joseph's College, 
a Catholic institution, established in 1S52. 

Satnt Joseph's bay. Floi\ : 22 m.W. Appalarhicola, lying 
within Cape St. Bias, a long and narrow sandy l>r;ich. its 
W. inclosure. It is 20 m. long, about !? m. wide, with a 
broad entrance from the N. W., having 17 feet of water on 
the bar. and another deep channel near the peninsula. 

Saint Joseph's island, in the Straits of St. Mary. 36 miles 
N. E. Mackinaw, 20 m. long, S m. broad, dividing the pas- 
sage into 2 channels neaMy equal in extent, etc., Uirongh the 
S. one of which the U. S. boundary p.isses. 

Saint Joseimi's river, Mich. : rises in the N. E. part of 
Hillsdale co., flows E,, and after a broad S. bend, in which it 
enters Indiana, it proceeds N. W. until it enters Lake Mich- 
igan at St. Joseph. In length and volume of water it is the 
second river in Michigan, being about 250 miles long in its 
entire course, but not more than 150 m. in direct line. It is 
navigable for keel boats to Lockport, 130 m. At its mouth 
is a saniibar with G feet of water, but within is a gr>od har- 
bor, which, with a pier, easily accommodates all vessels in 
the lake navigation. It receives many tribuliiries. and 
affords consi<lerable water-power. Its intervals are very 
fertile, and in some places heavily timbered. 



SAI 

Si.NT Joseph's rivt-r of the Maunic,., .Vicli. : rises by 

several liraiiclus in lliUadale co., ami fl»w8 in S. W. course 

acro.-s Ihe N. W. corner of Oliio, iiilo Iniiiana, and joins tlie 

St. Marj's at Fort Wayne, forming Maumee r. It affords 

^ considerable water-power. 

Sai.nt Julian, p. o., Linn CO., /<!. ,■ 25 m. N. Iowa City. 
Saint Landkv parish, La. Situate toward llic S. W., and 
contains 2,296 sq. m. Drained by Teehe, Uouse, Cannes, 
and Crocodile bayous.VermilUon river, and Carlableau river, 
branch of Atchafalaya, which bounds it on the E. Surfaee 
diversilie.l, but most generally a plain, and adapted to the 
growth of cotton; soil fertile. Chief products cotton and 
Indian corn. It contains one nr two lalies. Farms 775 ; 
manuf. IS; dwell. 2,421, and pop.— wh. l(l,l;», fr. col. 
1,2*3, si. 10,871— total 22.263. Capital : Uayou Chicot C. II. 
I>iMic M'orks.: New Orleans, Opclousaa, and Texas K. E. 
Sai>t Lawrenck county, M Y. Situale N. toward the 
E., and contains 2,717 sq. m. Drained by Grass, I'.acket, 
St. Kegis, Oswegatchie, and Indi.an rivers, aHluents of the 
St. Lawrence river, which for a considerable distance malies 
its N. W. bouiKlary. These supply navigation and good 
w.ater-power. Surface much diversified, but in general 
level ; soil fertile, in the S. E. it is adapted to grazing, the 
land being mounlain.ius. Chii'f products wheat, Indian 
corn, and potatoes. Lend and iron ore is found extensively, 
and marble of excellent iiuality. It has many laltes, whicil 
add a beauty to the scenery of the surrounding couiilry. 
Farms 6.124; maiiuf. 45i5 ; dwell. 11,704, and pop.— wh. 
C-.57S, fr. col. 86— total 6S,6U. Cu/ntal : Canton, rublic 
Worts: Xorthem (Ogdensburg) K. It.; Watcrlown and 
Northern Junction It. E. ; I'tica and French Creeli K. K. ; 
Amsterdam and rotsdam li. li. 

Saint Lawkknl'e, p. v., Chatham Co., N. Car. : on N. 
Bide of Eock r., 45 m. W. Raleigh. 

Sai.vt Lawkesce, p. 0., Jefferson county, iV; Y.: 145 m. 
N. W. Alliany. 

Saint Lawrence river, Cnited States and Canada : this 
rery large and important river is the outlet of Lake Ontario, 
and of the other great lakes. Erie, Huron, Michigan, and 
Superior, and is the main artery to tlie heart of the Amer- 
ican continent, lis length from Lake Ontario to the W. end 
of Ihe island of Anticosti is .about 6611 miles, and to the Gulf 
of St. Law rence about 7S0 miles. The continued navigation 
afforded by its conneclion with the lakes is over 2,000 miles. 
It forms the boundary between the United States and 
Canada until it arrives 1 m. N. of the 46tli degree of N. lat. 
Its breadth varies, but has on the whole an increase in ils 
descent, especially below Quebec, until at the W. end of An- 
ticosti island it is about 100 miles wide. It is navig.able to 
Quebec (420 m. from the Gulf of St. Lawrence) for ships of 
the line, and for ships of 600 tons to Montreal. From 
Quebec to Montreal il has an average breadth of 2 m. The 
distance from Montreal to Lake Ontario is about 200 miles. 
This river is tlie natural course for direct commerce from 
the N. portion of North America with Europe. It runs 
almost upon a line of the great circle of the globe, upon 
which is pl.aced the largest population of Ihe world, that of 
Europe ami Asia, and the great food-producing region of 
America ; and hence upon this line is the shortest possible 
distance between the great centres of Asiatic, European, 
and the future American populatiim. The approximative 
sailing distances from the principal rivals in the western 
trade of Noith America to Liverpool are : 

Miles 

From Quebec, by the Straits of Bellisle and North of 

Ireland 3,000 

« " bySt.Paul-s 3,;ioo 

" New York 3,475 

" NewOrleans 5,300 

* The population of the St. Lawrence valley in 1?dO, inclod- 

irig Canada, wa.s at least 4,000,000. The natural amount of 
commerce on this river is now greatly lessened by the re- 
strictions imposed by Great Britain. 



SAI 

Saikt Leoeb, p. 0., Ozark CO., Mo. : 12S m. S. Jefferson 
City. 

Saint Leon Ann's, p. v., Calvert co,. Mil.: between the 
creek so called and Cliesai)eake bay, 34 m. S. Annapolis. 

Saint Loiius county, 3fii. Situate E., and contains 6S5 
sq. m. Drained by Maramec r. and other tribularies of the 
Mississippi, which forms its E. boundary, and by branches 
of Missouri r., which runs on its W. border. Surface undu- 
laling ; soil fertile, and consists of a line deep mold, with 
saial and clay intermixed. Farms 1,294; manuf. 1,409; 
dwell. 13,430, and pop.— wh. 97,.')77, fr. col. 1,434, si. 5.96T 
-total 104,973. C(/;<;«(i«.- St. Louis. J'uhlio Wortti: Paciflo 
E. E. ; St. Louis anil Northern E. K. ; Iron Mountain E. E. 
Saint Louis, p. cily, port of entry, and cap. St. Louis Co., 
Mo. : on the W. bank of the Mississippi r., on the first bluff, 
20 m. S. of the contluenee of the Missouri r., and in lat. SSO 
;17' 25" N., and long. 90° 15' 16' W. The distances by river 
course fi-om New Orleans are 1,210 m. ; from the falls of St. 
Anthony, 863 in.; from St. Paul, B22 m.; from Galena, 39.5 m. ; 
from Alton, 22 m.; from Pittsburg, 1,189 m. ; from Cincin- 
nati. 705 m. ; from Louis\ ille and Jcirersonviile, 564 in. ; 
from mouth of Ohio r.,170 m. ; from Council Bluffs, 6>7 iii.; 
from Fort Leavenwortli, 413 m.; from Independence, 371 m. ; 
and from Jefferson Cily, 157 m. It is the great commercial 
dep6t of the Upper Mississippi, the Ohio, and the Missouri, 
and their numerous tribularies, furnishing connected water- 
ways of upward of 8,000 in., and passing through countries 
rich beyond description in mineral, vegetable, forest, and 
animal products, and requiring for the support of their in- 
habitants a vast amount of manufactures and productions 
of foreign countries and the sea-board Slates. Next to New 
Orleans' it is the principal port on tlie Mississippi, and 
among western cities, is second ouly to Cincinnati iu pop- 
ulatitm and wealth. 

St. Louis occujiies the geographical centre of the Missis- 
sijipi Valley. Its advantages, as a commercial dep6t, can 
nol be excelled, and the resources of its immediate vicinity 
in Missouri are immense. In a circuit of less than 90 m. 

frc.m the city, ir coal, lead, and probably copper, are sufli- 

ciently abundant to supply the Union for indefinite ages, 
and of this region St. Louis is the only outlet. Capital alone 
is wanted to develop these womkrful riches. Nor is this 
all; the country around is a magnificent agricullural district, 
yielding abundantly of all the staples of the latitude, and tit 
this poTnt the hunter, the miner, and overland emigrant, 
take in their supplies before setting out on their various 
adventures. 

The locality was first settled in 1764. The site is elevated 
many feet above the fl.iod-marks of the Mississippi, and is 
favored in this respect iu salubrity. It rises from the river 
by two plateaux ; Ihe first, the alluvial bottom, is 20 feet 
abovc'the highest flooil, and the second, a limestone bank, 
to the level of the back country, is 40 feet higher than the 
first, extending away to the horizon. The ascent from the 
river to the first plain is rather abrupl, but to the upper ter- 
race it is more gradual, and from its highest elevation com- 
mands a grand'prospect of the lower city, and the country 
on every side. 

As originally planned, the city occupied only the first 
terrace, and consisted of three narrow streets, parallel with 
the river, but after its growth commenced, which was sub- 
sequent to its coming into the possession of the Americans, 
it soon exp.anded lis limils, and encroached upon the pla- 
teau above. The streets in the newer portion are wide, and 
laid out at right angles. To the north and south of the cily, 
which iUself extends some two miles along the river, exten- 
sive suburbs have been laid out on the same plan. The 
cily reaches back nearly three miles. Front Street, on the 
river bank, is built up of substantial stone warehouses, 
which have an imposing appearance, and are generally 
appropriated to heavy businesses. The street immediately 
behind this is the |.rincipal seat of the wholesale dry goods 
business, although this and the grocery business .are nol 



749 



SAI 



SAI 



Ci.urdies. Ko. 


Seats. 


V.-ilne. 


Unitarian .2. 


.2,100. 


.$70,000 


Evanffel. . .2. 


. 6lW. 


. 4,700 


Baplisl 2. 


.1,000. 


83,000 


Boatman's. 1. 


. 600. 


. 15,000 


Jews 2. 


. 470. 


. 7,000 



confined altogether to these localities. The city is generally 
well built of lirick chiefly, and sometimes of stone, the lime- 
stone of tlie ni'ighborhood furnitihing abundance of matf rial. 
Many of the nsidences, hotels, etc, are magnificent and 
costly structures, and in the new city the private dwellings 
are mostly surrounded by garden plots and ornamental 
shrubberj'. The whole area of the city covers about S6 
sq. m., about fiue-tenth of which is thickly built upon. 

The principal public buildings are those appropriated to 
the county business, as the court-house, jail, and offices; 
the municipal buildings, as the City Hall, courts, markets, 
etc. ; the churches, literary institutions, schools, and ohurit- 
able foundations. The Court-liouse is an elegant building, 
situate on a public square, near the centre of the city. The 
City Hall, tlie basement of which is used as a market, is on 
a square at the foot of Market Street, an<l is a splendid brick 
edifice. Among the churches, the Roman Catholic cathedral 
is the largest and most costly : it is 136 feet long, by 5S feet 
wide, with a massive Doric portico in front, and its steeple 
contains a chime of bells, the largest of which weighs 2,(500 
pounds. Many of the churches of other denumiualionsare 
remarkable for chaste and beautiful design. 

The annexed, an abstract of the late census, are the de- 
finite statistics of the churches of the city : 

CliMrcIies. No. Seats. V»hie. 
E. Catbol. 12. 10,862. $534,300 
Methodist 12. 8,300. 171,000 

Presb S. 5.900. 200,000 

Lutheran. 5. 3,300. 44,500 
Episcopal 5. 2,750. 186,000 

—making a total of 49 churches, containing 35,712 seats, and 
Talued at $1,213,500. The Roman Catholic population is 
much more numerous than is indicated by the number of 
seats in the churches, as a very large portion of that de- 
nomination worship in the aisles and vestibules, and an 
average of three several congregations assemble at each 
church at the difTerent hours at the sever,il masses on Sun- 
day morning. St. Louis Is the see of the Catholic archdiocese 
of the same name, and also of the Protestant Episcopal 
diocese of Missouri. 

Among the charitable institutions the most conspicuous 
are the Protestant and Catholic Orphan Asylums— the first 
under the d irection of Protestant ladies, and the latter of the 
Sisters of Charity. There are also hospitals, dispensaries, 
and other charities, for the medical care of the destitute. 

Literary institutions are numerous. The University of 
St. Louis is some 3 or 4 miles north from the city, but for 
the accommodation of the medical department, there are 
appropriate buildings within its limits. The University was 
founded in 18:12, and has 17 professors ; and in ISoO, had 
160 students, and a library of 12.000 volumes ; and at the 
same period the medical department had T professors and 
107 students. The Western Academy of Sciences is estab- 
lished here, and has a flue museum ; and besides this there 
is a museum f>f Indian antiquities, etc. According to the 
census of 1S.50, there were within the city 44 common schools, 
with 2,S47 pupils; 15 private schools, with 2,37S pupils; 9 
Roman Catholic schools, with 1,356 pupils ; a CatlioHc col- 
lege, with 250 pupils ; two medical schools, with 14 profes- 
sors, and 262 students. St. Louis is also the site of a United 
States arsenal, and a few miles below the city are -Tefferson 
Barraeks, with accommodations for a garrison of 700 men. 
The oflBce of the Land District of St. Louis is located here, 
and also the office of the survey or- general. The city is 
supplied with water from the river, which is raised by a 
steam-engitie into a reservoir upon the summit of an ancient 
mound, and is thence distributed through iron idpes. The 
streets and public buildings are generally lighted with gas, 
which is supplied by a company. 

The public press of St. L-ouis consists of 7 daily, 3 tri- 
weekly, 1 send-weekly, and 13 weekly newspapers, and 6 
monthly periodicals. The "St. Louis Times*' is issued in 
7S0 



daily, tri-weekly, and weekly editions; the "St. L. Intelli- 
gencer," daily and weekly; the *' Organ and lieveilie," daily 
and weekly ; the " St. L. Republican," daily, tri-weekly, and 
weekly ; the ** St. L. Union,"' daily, tri-weekly, and weekly ; 
"Die "Wochentliche Anseiger des Westens," daily; "Die 
■Wochlentliche Deutscbes Tribune," daily ; the " St. L. Price 
Current," the '' Union Banner," the " American Banner,'' 
the *' Shejjherd of the Yalicy," the '■ Unft-re Beit," the 
" "Western Watchman," and the '■ St. L. Presbyterian," are 
issued weekly; and the "Valley Farmer," the '-St. L. 
Probe," the "Insurance Reporter," the "Western Journal," 
the *• Bank Note Detector," and the " Signet," are issued 
monthly. As a general thing, the press of St. Louis is con- 
ducted with a high standard of talent, and occupies a firj-t 
rank in the great department of journalism. Many of its 
issues have a wide circulation. 

The growth of Sl Louis, within the past 20 years, has been 
wonderfully rapid, and each great interest has kept pace 
with the whole. It is not alone in commerce that St. Louis 
is a great city, but in manufactures, the arts, and all other 
departments of industrial economy. Improvement has gone 
hand in hand with her general prosperity, and the old 
shanty of the settler has given place to the substantial dwell- 
ing of the resident. In every thing the change has been 
great, and a city of grand proportions, with all the elements 
of future success, has gained a footing where so lately a 
scattered village, depending on Indian trade and the trap- 
per for support, alone existed. 

The census of 1S50 gave St. Louis a population of 77,S60, 
of which 73,S42 were while — i2,3!v4 males, and S1.4o3 fe- 
males; 1,362 were free colored persons— 725 males, and 637 
females, and 2,656 were slaves. These numbers constituted 
13,161 families, and occupied 9.662 separate dwellings. The 
population, in 1S30, was 4,377; in 1S40, 16.469— increase 
230.9 per cent ; and in 1S50, 77,650— increase 172.7 per cent.* 

The population of the city includes 23,774 Germans, 11,257 
Irish, 2,933 English, and 2,450 natives of other countries, mak- 
ing an aggregate of 40,114 natives of foreign countries, leav- 
ing 37,051 for natives of the United States. This presents 
even a greater disparity between the native and immigrant 
population that has been supposed to have existed. The im- 
migrants, however, constitute one of the principal sources of 
the wealth and prosperity of the city. They have added mil- 
lions to the value of its real est;ite, immensely increased the 
aggregate of the annual returns of its productive industry, 
and created an important market for the productions of the 
soil and the wares of tlie mechanic and the men-hant 

The whole number of manufacturing establishments in 
operation on the 1st June, 1S50, and producing to the value 
of $500 and upward, annually, was 1,30S, in which was in- 
vested a capital of $4,377,711 ; and these employed 7,321 
males, and 1,130 females. The annual product of this branch 
of industry amounted to $15,400,340. The following table, 
showing the number of each kind of business, the capital 
invested, etc., is compiled from the census of the year 
specified : 

Business. Ca,.it:.l. ""'"'^r'^L"''^''- ^"T^^l 

' Males, tern. pruilitct, 

104 Carpenters $150,265. .557.. — ..$1,171,550 

9 Stone-cuttLTS 2S,100.. 90.. — .. 122,700 

T Shirt manufacturers 4-3,000.. — ..26S.. 48,000 

106 Tailors 206,500. .680. .1 SI . . 650.550 

14 Hatters 20,700.. 72.. 16.. 85,150 

8 CarrLige-makers 56.600 .. 183 .. — . . 180.000 

9 Iron foundries ;... 339,000. .645.. — .. 669,000 

2 Brass foundries 17.000. . 22. . — . . 25.000 

71 Blacksmiths 72,4.30. .326.. — .. 808,1.30 

16 Breweries 197,.'j50. . SI. . — . . 285,925 

60 Cabinet-makers 72,760. .195. . — . . 182,800 

*,A c-enaun taken under tiie Sute autborities \n IMi!, ga.e the popu- 
lation of llie city at 94,8i'5. and of tlie county at 29.034— total. 123,8.t3, 
of wtiicli 118,385 were wlitte persons, 1,341 free persons of color, and 
■),0fi9 slaves. The census of while persona in the city gives 61,2.^1 males 
and 40,791 females. 



SAI 



SAI 



Ui.siress. c.ipil»l. >l.ilc». 

S5 Tinners & coppersmiths. l"29.3i}0..151.. 

1 Tvpe founder 51,S(I0. . 10. . 

10 ClKindlers and lard oil i 
melters ( 

3 Tent and awning raaliers 

7 r.ctpr-nialiers. 



51,SII0. 
09,300, 



lyed. AiiniKil 

n. I'roiliut. 

. . 2S7.34S 

I.. 150,000 

).. 49S,950 



1.T09. 
70,230. 



50 Bal;ers 63,i!50. 

110 B-K.t and slioe nialiers . . 73.975. 

5 Giinsmillis 4,800. 

1 Fire-safe nialcer 700. 

2S Painters anil glaziers . .. 67,130. 

7 Book-binders 7..300. 

3 Plane-inatcers 5,300 . . 

3 Tninli-maliers 7.700. 

7 Loolismillis 8.710., 

1 Ciiair manufactory 1.500.. 

6 Plumbers 12..'i00.. 

5 Tobacco inanuraetories.. 23,000. 

3 Spirit £ras distilleries 20,500.. 

2 Dnifj and cliem. factories 21,000.. 
1 Fli nirins-inill 600. . 



10. 
97. 
122. 



170.. — , 
27. . — 
15. . — . 
86..— 
13.. — . 



1 Shot, liictory 40.000 . . 25 . 



10. 



108,. 



4G. 



.17 



1 Bucket factory 

9 Tanneries 

9 paw-raills 

22 .Milk dairies 

10 U]iliolsterer3 

21 Saddlers 

C Turners 

2 Venetian blind makers. 
6 Wire-workers 

1 Gold-pen maker 

19 Flour-mills 

2 Planing-iudls 

3 Patent mcdi'ueraanuf's 
53 Coopers 

2 Glass factories 

3 Sugar refineries 177,000.. 211 

2 "Wliite lead, castor and 

linseed oil factory 



4,000 
70.200. 
115.000. 
12.S30. 
49,!ltlO 
3.3,916, 

2.330.. 8 

4.O00 . . 5 
lO.SOO.. 15 

1.000.. 1 
4.39.500.. ISl 
47,000.. 85 
14,000.... S, 
82.485.. 24S, 
50.000.. 70. 



1146.000. 



4 Soda-water manufacto's. 

10 Confectioners 

1 TVhip-niaker 

4 Lime-kilns 

1 Cork mamifactory 

3^ Cigar-makers 

2 Rectifiers 

5 Machinists 

3 Starch factories 

44 Brick-yards 

6 Sausage-makers 



160. 
91. 



6,300 

215.000 

276.640 

402.900 

10,360 

7,000 

217.0110 

55.300 

4S,000 

74„50n 

12.6.3S 

8,500 

65,000 

67,000 

63.000 

45,000 

3,000 

37.5,000 

6.000 

223.900 

24S,0fi0 

8:!,lM0 

122. SOO 

260,5S0 

— . . 12,800 
3.. 6..500 

— . . 26,000 

— . . 2.000 

— . . 2,307,750 

— .. 96.000 

— . . 96,000 

— . . 2SS,S22 

— . . 64.000 

— .. 1,213,600 

— . . 600,000 



112. 
6. 



16,000 

6,700.. 28 

600.. 7 

2,3.30.. 14 



2,500. 

20.1S0. 
4.000 
30.100. 
25.000. 
89.000., 
605. 



, S.. 
. 92.. 
6.. 
100.. 
17.. 
619.. 



.111. 
40. 



1 Cotton-yarn factory 70.0iiu.. 40.. 80. 

13 Briciclayers 16..500. .104.. — . 

2 Organ buililers .3..i00.. 8.. — . 

6 Cap-makers 6.150. . 11 . . — . 

2 Jewelers 2.100.. 4.. — . 

3 Band box-makers 420 . , 7 . . — . 

8 Match factories 5..500 . . 39 . . — . 

49 Butchers $49.920 . 

1 Gas company 220.000. . 

1 Cotlon batting factory .. 32,000.. 
1 Fire and Waterproof | 
roof manufactory . . . f 

1 Spice-mill 14,000 

1 Lead pipe and sheet | 

lead factory 1 

2 Brush-makers 2,500. 

2 Mustard factories 1,900.. 8.. 

1 Basket-maker 400.. 2.. 

1 rmhrella-maker 4,000.. 3.. 

7 Milliners 4,300.. 1.. 

2 Oil cloth manufactories . 3,000 . . 30 . . 



9,000. 



10 
12 

85,000.. 11 
20 



60,600 

57,500 

4.800 

21.200 

8,700 

80.270 

28.006 

98.000 

105.000 

301.470 

S.IWO 

170.000 

104,7.')0 

9,200 

11,900 

5,000 

3.700 

16.8fl0 

$.349,650 

43,01 rO 

73,000 

13,600 

60,000 

75,000 

14,500 

2,100 

2,100 

7..500 

29..5f)0 

30,000 



2 Saw factories 10,500. . 10. 

3 Vinegar factories 1,450.. 7. 



2 Bellows-makers 

S Porkbou.ses 

1 Woolen factory 

.32 Wagon-nuikers 

1 Boat (yawl) builder 

2 Distillers 



1.600. 
239,800. 
20.000. 

150. 
39.000. 



23. 
15. 
121. 
1. 
37. 



4 Piano-makers 5,500.. 4. 

1 Comb-maker 

2 Nailors 

1 Mill-stone factory 

6 Daguerreans 

2 Mathematical insfru- I 

ment makers J 

2 Edge-tool makers 

1 Block and pump maker. 

2 Sa-blie-tree makers 

1 Ship (^steamboat) j ard . . 



600.. 

300.. 

10,000 . . 

8,000.. 

2.000.. 

8.500 . . 
8,000. . 
3,500.. 



10.. — . 



15.. — . 
17.. — . 
34.. — . 
85.. — . 



. A(ii.,ial 
l'r„.li„t. 

31.000 
12.500 

32.000 

799.522 

45.000 

14U.5a5 

750 

82.000 

8,000 

1.000 

2.1100 

10,000 

18,000 

7,600 

.8,500 

9,000 

16,000 

150,000 



Total $4,8 



711 7.321 1.130 $15,400,340 



St. Louis must, at no distant day, become important as a 
manufacturing city. The heaviest business, as sliown above 
in this department, is that of iron-ware. The State boasts 
of her mountains of ore, and the co.al region is at the im- 
mediate doors of the city. Within a few years past, the 
articles made of iron have multiplied beyond any expecta- 
tion; railing, fencing for agricultural use, window-sashes, 
door-fronts, columns, caps, telegraph-wire, and water-pipe, 
are only a few of the uses to which iron h.as lately been 
applied : and already speculation begins to whisper about 
entire buildings being constructed, and entire streets paved 
with it. The shops of St. Louis already compete with the 
best artisans elsewhere, for the manufacture of steam-engines, 
and of every species of machinery. A connection with 
Pilot Knob, and Iron Mountain, by railway, will obviate at 
once the difliculties of transportation, by placing the ore at 
the furnace, cheaply and expeditiously, and thus bring into 
general use this great metal, ilissouri contains. Iben, within 
her own bosom, an element of wealth that has ]iot yet been 
brought into requisition, and which is destined, at no distant 
day, to give a strong and vigorous pulsation to her growth 
in wealth. Besides this, lead and copper ore are abundant, 
exhaustless, and second in quality to the yield of no other 
region. The contiguity of these minerals to St. Louis, ren- 
der the mines of far more value than those of Lake Superior, 
and will bring a better return for capital than the invest- 
ments maiie in the mines of that region. 

If SI. Louis, daring the ten years preceding 1^50, increased 
from a traction over 16,000 to nearly 80.00tl without the im- 
pulse of railroads, and notwilhstanding many drawbacks, 
what must be her progress, and what her population 'luring 
the decade next succee<iiiig, when, indc]it*ndeTit of other 
causes of increase, the city will have more railroads concen- 
trating within her limits, than Boston now has. To say Ihatit 
will have Haifa milliim of inhal)itants. aiul lie the third city in 
the Union in size, would be only relying upon what the past 
and present is proving, and what the future indicates un- 
erringly. It has hitherto duplicated its population every ft.ur 
years, and hence the reader may easily calculate the result 
.at the period alluded to. 

The people of St. Louis and of the State have decided for 
themselves what shall be their destiny. They have entered 
upon measures of public improvement, the vastness of which 
is only equaled by the wisdom that has planned them; and 
such is the solid wealth, credit, an<l WwA i)urpose of the 
people, that they will cerlaiidy carry out what they have 
begtm, anil push on to c<jmpletion the great railroaris— the 
Pacific, the Hannibal an<l St. Joseph, the St. Louis and 
Northern Missouri, and others in various directions. 
Knowing its own resources, St. Louis views with no jealous 

751 



SAI 



SAI 



eye, llif fll'nrls mailo in Illinois ami elsewlu-re, lo carry out 
railroad c-iilfrprisi-s, such as Ihe Ccnlral E. K. from Galena 
and Chicago lo Cairo, and thy various cross lines that are 
bcins extended from the lakes to the Mississippi— the latter, 
prolltahle as llley may be to the parlies interested, will yet 
maiidy ^l.■Ilef^t ^t. Louis, by converting the thinly inhabited 
country ihroutch which they pass into populous and flourish- 
ing districts, whose people will resort to her to exchange their 
products for her manufactures, and the various supplies 
which now reach her from the Wist Indies, from the south 
and the east; while the Central Eailroad, by developing a 
still greater region, comparatively unimproved, and sparsely 
Bellied, cMc-nding through Illinois north and soulh, will 
create and open lo the trade of SI. Louis a populous belt of 
ctiunlry in front and to the right and lefl, the main road 
through which will be reached in less than two hours' time, 
by the cross lines to the east. 

By virtue of railroad connections, St. Louis will thus be 
made the immediate centre of commerce and manufacture 
of l,500,0l)fi people in Illinois and Missouri, while in ten 
years its own people, in all probabUity, will approach half a 
million, and itself be the acknowledged exchange mart of 
4,000,000 people. 

The receipts at St. Louis of principal articles of produce 
for the years 1S19, '60, '51, and '52, were as follows : 

Article?. 184^. bWO. ia">l. 1852. 

■Wheal bush SS1,428 927.346 ],"00,TOS 1,591,SS6 

Flour, per riv., bis 301,933 298,2-31 ) jgg gg^ jg^ gg, 

" " wagou " — 32,.3.52 ) ' ' ' " 

Corn sacks 142,182 484,014 1,840,900 844,720 

Oats " 12I).S;!5 848.716 794,421 323,081 

Barley " 44.Ct3 84,744 101,074 47 .2M 

Pork bbls 113,909 101,562 103,013 66.306 

" tierces — 1,873 15,793 2,704 

Salt sacks 2S9.5S0 261,230 216,933 266.616 

" bbls 22,557 19,153 46.250 42,281 

Hemp bales 45,227 60,863 65,3.36 49.122 

Lead pigs 591,551 673,.503 503,571 409,314 

Tobacco ....hhds 9,664 9,055 10,371 14,053 

" ....boxes — — S,380 12,388 

" .... bales _ — — 300 

Beef bbls 14.S3T 6,049 6,872 11,165 

" tierces 3,121 2,.')S6 5,640 0,546 

Dry Hides.... No. 6S,.395 94,228 99.736 42.201 

Nails kegs — — 67,862 97,148 

"Whisky bbls 28,471 25,959 47,991 46,446 

Sugar hhds 22.814 25,796 29,276 85,233 

" ™s S-WO 5,034 1 3^ us- 2-^-2 

• " boxes S,U04 12,358) 

" bags _ _ _ 81,746 

Coffee sacks 58,703 73,078 101,904 90.240 

Molasses bbls 81.217 29.518 40,2.51 54,935 

Lard " 64,615 61.525) 5,7003 40515 

" tierces 11.041 17,925) "'" "' 

" kegs 15.512 14.549 14,450 11.815 

Bacon tierces 2,195 7,087) j(;;(|i 11 0Q5 

" ca-ks 21.704 23.248) ' '"" 

Bacon bbls 1.046 3.019 1 ^ ^.^ j .^^ 

" boxes 2,263 1..330 J ' ' ' 

" pieces — 46,978 6,639 18,809 

" lbs — 82.496 — — 

" Bag'dHams — 2,893 — — 

Bulk Pork.. casks — 1.096 — — 

" "...boxes — 100 — — 

" " ..pieces — 801,381 — — 

" '• lbs 12,639,360 1,431,747 — — 

Lumber feet 24.188,6.51 14,676,099 — — 

Shingles " 7,334,500 4,316,000 — — 

Laths " 10,290,500 283,000 — — 

Slaves " — 607,033 — — 

Bagging . .pieces — — 2.746 3.650 

Bale Kopc... coils — — 84,083 42,121 
752 



Tho commercial importance of the city is more readily 
made visible by a view of its shipping trade. Below will be 
found Blalemenls showing the arrivals, tonnage, etc., of 
steamboats and barges in the years 1S47, '48, '49, '50, '51, 
and '52 respectively : 



Arriviils from 1S17. 

New Orleans 502.. 

Ohio Elver 4:S0. 

Illinois Elver 658. 

Upper Mississippi. 717. 

Missouri Eiver 314. 

Cumberlaiui — . 

Cairo 146. 

Other porls 202.. 



1848. 1849. 1S.M). Ift'.I. l&'^i. 

..436.... 813.. ..803.... 300.... 8-30 
.. 429 .... 401 ... .493. .. .401 ... .520 
..690.... 686.. ..788. ...034.... 863 
..697....S06....635....639....70O 
. .827. . . ..355. . . .890. . . .301 . . . .817 
.. — .... — .... — .... 48.... 30 
..194. ...123.... 75. ...119. ...223 
. .396. . . .217. . . .215. . . .175. . . .201 



Total 2,969. 

Tonnage ... — . 
Keel boats . — . 



8,159. .2,975. . 3,2.39. . 2,613. . 3,174 

— 6.33,393 681,253.. — .. — 

— .. 166.. 115.. — .. — 



The imports from foreign countries, according to the TJ. S. 
Treasury Eeporls in 1850, were valued at $359.64.3. Ton- 
nage owned in the district 28,907 tons, all of Ihe class enrolled 
and licensed, and of which 24,956 tons were navigated by 
steam. Five steamers (1,854 tons) had been buill during 
the year. 

The following is a statement of the principal transactions 
at the custom-house in the years 1851 and 1852 : 

1852. 1851. 

The foreign value of goods,wnres, 
and merchandise, imported into 
St, Louis from foreign countries, 
and entered for consumption at 
this port in 1853 $961,956 00 $757,509 00 

Foreign value of merchandise re- 
maining in public store on 81st 
Dec.ult. 11,566 00 8,26189 

The foreign value of merchandise 
entered at other ports for trans- 
portation hither, but not yet re- 
ceived, estimated ' 72.951 CO 107.902 00 

Total $1,039,473 00 $873,673 S9 

Of the above-mentioned goods, 
wares, and merchandise, enter- 
ed for consumption in 1852, the 
imports were from the following 
countries: From England, the 
f..reign value of which was.... $431,343 00 $406,113 00 

France 75.258 00 88,404 00 

Germany and Holland 22,695 00 2.3,2.39 00 

Spain and Dependencies 262,886 00 220,770 00 

Brazil 93,086 00 63,983 00 

Manilla (E. I.) 62,903 00 

Other countries 6.705 00 

Total $964,946 00 $757,509 00 

The general descriptions of mer- 

chandise imported and entered 

for consumption are, viz. : sugar 

and molasses, foreign cost $413,172 00 $2S!),753 00 

Ilardwjire, cutlery, etc 118,276 00 133,401 00 

Eailroad iron 132,894 00 100,21100 

Earthen and gl.assware 80.729 00 98,786 00 

Tin-plate, tin, iron, copper, etc... 59,820 00 81,482 00 

Dry goods and fancy goods 110,814 00 24.257 00 

Brandies.wincs, gins, cordials, etc. 32,985 00 24.712 06 

Burrstones 620 00 2,257 00 

Drugs and medicines 766 00 2,618 00 

Cigars 5,733 00 

Total .' $954,946 00 $7.57 .5li9 00 



SAI 



SAI 



13-.;. 1S:M. 

Amounts of ilutics on imports col- 
lected jaOO.lGS 85 $239,318 OS 

Hospital moneys 3.1-29 89 2.941 03 



Toliilan-.ountcolleetcdinlS52 $293,293 74 .$243,209 71 
Amount cxfiended in 1852 for re- 
lief of aiclc and diatre3,sed sea- 
men $3,162 01 $5,44144 

Tonnage on steam vessels remain- 
ing on 3l5t Dee., 1S52 36,372 00 

St, Louis is <livided into six wards, and is governed by a 
mayor, aldermen, and common eoimeil. Besides Ilie ordi- 
nary i^tate courts, it has also a separate court of common 
pleas. Willi jurLsdietion very similar to the circuit court, a 
criminal court, a court of prob;ile, and a recorder's court. 
These are local courts, exercising jurisdiction oidy in the 
county, and the recorder's jurisdiction is confined to small 
otfenses wiihiu the city limits. The following is the valua- 
tion of the old and new limits of each ward in 1851, together 
with the tax w hieh each ward paid in that year. 

VALUATION IN 1S51, 

T^i' 1<. OIJ Limits. Npiv I.iinii,. Ti.I;,l. 

First W.ird $,"!01 ,794 . . . . $3,2(57,934..., $.3.7119,728 

Second Ward ... . (;.")2,(I21. . .. 634,21)5.... ],4SC,2SC 

Third ■VVard 6,263.044..., 2,519,861.... 8.7>3,5(I5 

Fourth Ward 6,.379,725 1 ,9.5'2,429 . . . . 8,332,154 

Fiflh Ward 2,920,098.... 1.2S7,4'J0 4,207..51S 

Sixth Ward 861.992.... 4,70ii,0'21 . . , , 5,162.013 



Total $17,079,274 $14,651,930 $31,731,'204 

TAXE.S IN 1851. 
'K'.irils. Olii J.inm.,,. New t-imin. Total. 

First Ward $5,696 $36,096 $42,392 

Second Ward 4l),6.il 9,'.'S0 49.967 

Third Ward 68,999 21,604 90,6.53 

Fourth Ward 70,404 27,790 9,8,194 

FifthW.ird 8'2..324 15.044 47,368 

Sixth Ward 4,020 63.983 68,014 



Tolal $223,130 $164,453 $386,688 

A list embracing the names of those citizens who own 
property within the city limit:} exceeding $100,000 in value 
has been compiled from the assessment books. No one 
will misconceive the sense of the list The figures opposite 
every name indicate, not the assessed value of all their real 
estate, nor the total of their wealth, but the value of their 
properly within the city limits only, as affixed by the city 
assessor : 

Allen, Thomas $374,6n0 I llamey, W. S, 

121,30(1 Harney, Mary 



Ashley, Elizabeth. 
Benoist, Louis A. . 
Eerthold,F,. est.... 

Biddle,,Iohn 

Bogy,L. V 

Boyee. Octavia 

Brant, .J. B 

Carr, Wm. 

Chamlier, Charles., 
Chouteau, P., .Jr. 



200,00(1 

. 101.000 

. 11.5,700 

. 191,000 

, 310,000 

, 312,000 

. 128,000 

. 125,000 

, 290,000 



Chouteau, Henry 185.500 

Clemens, James, ,Tr. 342,000 
Denver, Larkin est. . 115,3(10 
Ewing, Benoist, et al 118,000 
Finney, .1. and 'W. . . 163,000 
Galy, HcCune & Co. 171,000 

Gay, .1. II 116,800 

Grah.am, Richard.,. 200,000 



.$181,900 
20,5,000 
102,700 
420,000 



Lindell, Jesse G.. 

Lindell. Feter 

Lindell, P. and .1. G. 14,8,4iio 

Luejis, James II 452,0( lo 

Lucas & Hunt ,593,000 

MuUanphy, Bryan,, 291,000 
O'Fallon, Col. John. 328,300 

P.age, D. I) 427,500 

Pratte, Bernard 118,200 

llankin, Uobert, est. 155,700 

Shaw, Henry 204,100 

;<lickney& Scollay.. 132,000 

Tyler, Kobert 837,000 

Waddingham, Wm. 110,600 

Walker, Isaac 3O7,.50O 

"Walsh, J, and K 16(i,,5iio 

Wo<3d, James 107,((00 

Besides the above, there are 273 persons whose property 
is severally valued from 20,000 lo 99,000 dollars. 

The thirty years since 1820 have effected vast changes in 
the wealth and general circumstances of St. Louis, and an 
exhibit of the assessment of that day along with one of the 

Y 4 



present lime can not prove altogether without interest. 
Many wealthy citizens of the old times have now, from 
some cause or other, dwindled into poverty, and many 
others who a few years since did not own a foot of real es- 
tate, have become millionaires lo-d.ay. The contrast, if in 
some cases painfiil, is at all events curious. Only those tax- 
payers whose representatives, or who themselves are still 
living, are noticed in the following list. t)f the 429 tax-pay- 
ers that there were at that time, the names of only the prin- 
cipal 85 are given. 



1,365 
7,070 
7,570 
2,4.35 



Basseroa, Charles $6,225 

Berthold, Bartholomew 7,600 

Bates, Edw'd 1,000 

Bobb, John 2,800 

Benoist, Toussain and 
Ser,aphim 1,200 

Chensa, Antoino 9,175 

Clark, Gov. William... 9,930 

Chambers, William... 1,200 

Chouteau, Sr. Pierre. .1.3,025 

Chouteau, Sr. Auguste 9,105 

Duchoquette, Baptistc. 3,500 

Duchoquette, Francois 1,245 

Duncan, Kobert 1 ,805 

Everhcart, G corge 720 

English, Elkauah 1,020 

Essex & Hough 3,000 

Forsyth, Thomas 2,215 

Farren & Walker, Drs. 1,700 

Farrar, Barnard G 3,700 

Furguson, Peter 1,925 

Finney, John 240 

Geyer, HenryS 4,330 

Gratoist, Charles 8,300 

Gamble, Archibald.,,. 2,500 

Giddings, Salmon 1,200 

Hunt, ii\'iliion P 600 

Ilawkin, Jacob 530 

Hanley, Thomas 8,6.30 

Hunt, Theodore 1,200 

Hammond, Samuel... 7,900 

Kennerly, James 6,125 

Kennerly, Jas. & Geo., 8,000 

Kerr, Bell & Co 20,000 

Kerr, Maltheiv 3,600 

Lisa's, est 10,065 

Labadie, Maria Antoin- 
ette, est 6,000 

Lindell, J. it Co., com- 
posed of P., J., & J.L. 5,050 

Lcibeaume. Louis, est,. 300 

Laveille, Francois 415 

Long, Gabriel 2,000 

L.akenan, James 1,720 

Lee, M.ary Ann 1,720 

Lane, ■William Carr. . . 1,000 

Labbadie, Joseph L. . . 1,525 

Landreville, Andre. . .. 7,875 

Lecompte, Margaret. . . 9,8()5 

Lucas, John, B. C 10.000 

Mullanphy, .lohn 8,100 

Maekay, James 1,500 

Moore, James 1 ,2^0 

M-Nair, Alexander.... 6,400 

For tho year 1S21 the total taxes levied on property situ- 
ated within the town limits and precincts, is $3,823 SO. St. 
Louis at that jieriod contained only sonu* 367 buildings, and 
there were but sixty stores in the town. The total number 
of slaves was 316. 

The history of SI. Louis is one of great interest. On the 
lOlh February, 1764, L:i Clede and his party landed at the 



M-Guire, Thomas $1,910 

M'Knight .t Brady. . . . 8,800 

O'Fallan, John 2,450 

Papin, Alexander 3,715 

Provencher, J. L 1,600 

Provencher, Peter 1,215 

Prim,Jiihn 1,200 

Paul, Pvene 4,680 

Paul, Gabriel 4,650 

Papin, Ilypt. and Sylv. 5,985 

Pa|>in, Theodore 2,000 

Phillibert, Josiph 4,055 

Paul & Ingram 20,000 

Pratte, B. and Jos 11,800 

Price Bisilon H 8,800 

Phillipsen, Jos. 11,000 

Pratte, Bernard 10,165 

Quarlas, Robert 3,000 

Eeed, Jesse 4,000 

Rector, Wm 10,900 

Rankin, Kobert 800 

Koubidox, Jas. and F . 9,055 

Reed, .Jacob, est 1,500 

Rector, Klias 

Riddock, Thomas F.. 
Reynard, Hy,aeinth . . . 

Sullivan, William 

Sarrade Jean 1,800 

Smith, William, est,... 5,500 

Scott, Moses 1,012 

Smith, Oliver 2,712 

Simpson, Kobert 4.200 

Sarpy, John B 6,670 

Sanguinette, Marianne 6,415 

Stokes & Ashley 4,000 

Scott, Alexander 2,500 



50 

SOO 

9,802 

2.000 

8,670 



Thornton, John 

Tisson, Louis II 

Tessou, Michael 

Town & Dent 

Tracy &, Wahrendorff. 

Vonphul, Henry 5.460 

Valois, Francois 8.015 

Wiggins, Samuel 1,200 

Whetmore, Alphonzo. 1,387 

White, Is,aac W' 412 

White, .Joseph SOO 

Wolford, Ann 2,115 

Walker, David C 2,845 

Wilier & Page 1,150 

Wherry, Maekay 1 ,085 

Wash, Ivobert 

Yoste, Theaste 



3,975 
4,790 



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spot now nccupioii by the city, nnd proceeded lo draw Ihe 
lown limits, which hcimnu'd St. Louis, in honor ofLoais XV. 
of France, a lowii which subscqumlly became the capita! 
of I'ppcr Louisiana, and which is now the commercial 
capita! of Missouri. For lontr years after this period, the 
beasts of the forest afforded nourislinient to the si-ttiers, and 
rude huts on the ground ami scafTotdins: in Uie trees shelter 
and protection to the daring people who first exposed the 
bosom of the soil to the genial influenecs of social industry. 
From tlio lime of its establishment up to tlie year 176S, St. 
Louis had grown apace, and every thing connected with its 
poaiticn and prospects warranted the anticipation of a 
peacefnl existence under a mild and patriarclial form of 
government. In the mean time, however, the fact of the 
cession of Louisiana to Spain became known, and disturb- 
ance at once interrupted the tranquillity of llie settlers, who 
rebelled against the change of masters. The inhabitants 
clung closely to their loved government of France, and it 
was not until 1708 that Si. Ltiuis was occupied by Spanish 
troops. From this period, the settlements made but little 
progress. Upon the transfer of the country from Spain to 
the United States in 1S03, the immigration of the Anglo- 
Americans commenced, and the population slowly but 
steadily augmented in numbers. On the 26th March, 1S04, 
the country was constituted a District of the United States, 
under the name of the District of Louisiana, and on the 
19lh October of the same year, W. H. Harrison, then 
governor of Indiana, instituted the American auihority. On 
the 4th July, 1S05, it was erected into llie Tevrltor;/ of 
Louisiana, and on the 4th July, ISI'2, it received the name 
of the Territory of Missouri. ** We have now arrived at a 
period," says Wilson Primm, in an address on the anniver- 
sary of the founding of the city in ISOl. when a new era was 
to dawn, not only on St. Louis, but on all her northern and 
western dependencies, when a power greater than that of 
the fublcd lamp of Aladdin was to be brought into requisi- 
tion, and by its magic, to mature as it were in a day. in the 
western wilds of America, an existence, which on the shores 
of the eastern continents, the lapse of centuries liad not been 
able to procure. In 1S17, the 'General Pike,' the first steam- 
boat that ever ascended the Mississipiii. made its appearance 
at St. Louis." The " Independence" was the first steamboat 
that ascended the Missouri (May, 1S19). Passing over 
the fierce discussions which eventuateti in the estai)lishment 
of Missouri as one of the confederacy in IS'20, we come to 
the year t>22, when St. Louis was erected into a city. Since 
that time wlial wonderful changes have taken place. Work- 
ing its way to importance and greatness, St. Louis has still 
maintaiiie<l its onward and upward flight, The advantages 
of education, the lights of science, the blessings of religion, 
placed wiihin Ihe reach of all ; the establishment of a wise 
and vigorous municipal government, under the auspices of 
which its limits have been enlarged, and its interior im- 
proved and embellished; the erection of manufactures, the 
extension of the arts, the regulation of commerce — all these 
results have derived themselves from the natural resources 
of the city, and the intelligence and enteqjrise of its inhab- 
itants. St. Louis has now a n:inie and reputation at home 
and abroad of which all may be pri'iid. 

Saint Loris river, Minn, and II7.fc. ; rises by two prin- 
cipal liead branches in Dead Fish and Seven Beaver lakes, 
flows sMutherly in winding course until it turns, and empties 
into the W. end of Lake Sujierior. 

Saint Loulsvixle, p. o. and sta., Licking co., Ohio: on 
the line of the Sandusky, Mansfield, and Newark Fv. K., 
109 m. S. Sandusky City, and 7 m. N. Newark, 31 m. N. E. 
Columbus. 

Saint Litcie county, Flor, Situate E., toward the S.,and 
contains about 3,200 sq. m. Drained by Kissimmee river, 
whicli flows into Lake Okechobee, in the S. W., St. Lucie 
river, and bnun-hes of In<lian river, which bounds it on the 
E. Surf:tce level and l^w, a large portion lacing swamp; 
Boil, where fit for cultivation, is fertile, and suited for the 
754 



growth of cotton. Chief productions, rice, cotton, wheat, 
Indiancorn, and fruits. Farms 0; manuf. ; dwell. 22, and 
pop.— wh. Ill, fr. col. 1, e). 27— total 139. Copit'il: 

Saint Marie, p. v., Jasper co., IlL: on the left bank of 
Enibarras r.. 111.') m. S. E. Springfield. 

Saint Mark's, p. v.. Wakulla co., Fior. : on St. Mark's r.. 
near the confluence of the Wakulla, which together form Ap- 
palachee, 20 m. S. by E. Tallahassee, with which it is con- 
nected by railroad, and of which it is the port. It has con- 
siderable other business. 

Saint Mai;k's river, Fior. : rises in a small ptmd. in Jef- 
ferson CO., flows S. W. 20 m., an<l unites with the \N akuUa, 
lo form Appalachee r., flowing S. into tlie Gulf of Mexico. 
Boats drawing 4 feet water ascend to its source. There is 
S feet of water to St. Mark's v., C in. from the gulf, but the 
navigation is crooked, and impeded by oyster beds. At the 
mouth of the r. is a light-bouse. 

Saint Mark's, U. S. collection dist., Flor.: comprising 
St. Mark's r. and vicinity ; had on June 3lUh, is^o, a ton- 
nage of .3r»;$ tons, consisting of 2S2 tons enrolled and li- 
censed, permanent, and employed in the coasting trade, and 
71 tons licensed under 20 tons; with no foreign commerce 
or ship-building at that date. Port Leon is the port of 
entry. 

Saint Martix parieli, La. Situate S. W. of the E. dis- 
trict, and contains 1,117 sq. m. Drained by Tccbe river in 
the S. W. and W., rmd branches of Grant river in the E., 
and numerous small streams falling into Lake Chelimaehes, 
which occupies tlie central and S. E. portion of the county 
Surface is varied, and tliere is some prairie land ; soil along 
tlie streams is fertile and easy of cultivatiim, and yields con- 
siderable quantities of cotton, fruits, etc. Chief products^ 
sugar, cotton, rice, indigo, and Indian com. Farms 430; 
manuf. 0; dwell. 940, and pop. — wii. 4.741. fr. col. 5ol, si. 
5.S85 — total 11.107. Capiitil: St. Martinsville. Pul/lic 
Works: New Orleans, Opelousas, and Texas 11. E. 

Saint Martin's, p. v., Worcester co., Mil.: at the bead 
of St. Martin's r., 77 m. S. E. Annapolis. 

Saist Martin's river. Worcester co., 3ld. : a large inlet, 
Willi a number of confluences, rising from the K. edges of 
the Cypress swamp. The Isle of Wight divides its entrance 
into Sinepuxont bay. into two channels. 

SaintMautinsville. p. v.. and cap. St. Martin's par.. La.: 
on both sides of Bayou Tcclie. and at the head of steamboat 
navigation, 43 m. S. W. Baton Kouge. It contains a court- 
house, jail, etc., and has considerable trade, principally in 
cotton. 

Saint Mart's parish. La. Situate S. W. in E. district, and 
contains 720 sq. m. Drained by Teche river, and Salle and 
Cypra Mort bayous. Surface level ; sod diversified, in some 
parts being liable lo inundation, and too wet for tillage. 
Where this is not the case it proves fertile, and is well fitted 
for the growth of cotton, sugar, rice, etc., wliich are the 
staple productions. Its S. W. coast is indented witli large 
bays. Farms lOs; manuf. 0; dwell. 746, and pop. — wh. 
3.423, tr. col. 424, si. 4.961— total S.SOS. Capital: Franklin. 
Public Wor/L-f: New Orleans, Opelousas, and Texas U. 11. 

Saint Mary's county, J/(/. Situate W., and contains 315 
sq. m. Drained by small streams flowing into the Potomac 
and Patuxmt rivers. Surface level: soil fertile, and pro 
duces abundantly tobacco, which is the staple. Farms .SIS ; 
manuf. 9; dwell. 1.512, and pop.— wh. G.225, fr. col. 1,631, 
si. 5,S42— total 13,693. Capital: Leonardstnwn. 

Saint Mary's, p. v., and pr>rt of entry. Camden co., Oa. : 
on N. bank of St. Mary's r., 102 m. S. S. W. Savannah, 1S3 
m. S. E. Milledgeville. It ll.^3 a safe harbor, and vessels 
drawing 21 feet fif water come to its wharves. It contains 
a church, academy, several stores, etc. Pop. about 700. 
The total tonnage of St. Mary's district, on June 30th, 1S50, 
was 1.425 tons, of which the n-gistered tonnage was 492 
Ions, temporary, and the enrolled and licensed tonnage was 
933 tons (092 I. portn;inent. 241 t. temporary) employed in 
the coasting trade. During the year i)receding there was no 



SAI 



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foreign commercii imr sliip-buililini;. Tlie tonnage and 
other imporlanee of St. >[ark's has decreased since the ac- 
cession of Florida to the Union. 

Saint Makt*s, p. c, Woud co., Mrg.: 240 m. N. W. 
Eichmond. 

Salxt Mary's, p. o., Hancock co., J/L: on the left bank 
of Crooked cr., 77 lu. X. W. Springtleld. 

Saint Mary's, p. o., Liun co., la. : on a branch of Cedar 
r., 1" ni. N. Iowa Cily. 

Saint Mary's, p. o.,yigo coiinty, In J.: 70 m. "W. S. W. 
Indrannpoli3. ^ 

Saint Mary's, t. and p. v., Anglaize county, Ohio: S2 m. 
W. N W. ('olumbus. Drained by Si. Mary's r. and branches. 
Surface level; soil verj* fertile. The v., formerly cap. of 
the CO., is on Ihc W. bank of the r. so called, and on tlie 
line of the Miami Canal, 133 m. N. Cincinnati. It contains 
several stores, inilis, etc. The •■Sentinel and Democrat" 
(dutn.) is ij.sued weekly. P.-p. of v. 874; of t. 1,S67. 

Saint Mary's, p. o., Chester co, I'enn.: Gl m. K. S. E. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Saint Mary's, v., St. Mary's co., ^ff. : on the E. side of St. 
Mary's r., about S m. from its confluence willi the P"tom;u', 
53 m. S. Annapolis. The site of St. Mary's Cily, fouiKied 
by the fir^it emigrants, the '"Pilgrims of St. Mary's," ■J7lh 
March, 1G74, is a lilUe S. of this. 

Saint Mary's, p. o., Lafayette co., Wise. : 49 m. S. W. 
Madison. 

Saint Mary's river, Ga. and Fior. : rises in Okefinokee 
Swamp, in the S. E. part of Ware co., Ga., flows 5. for some 
distance, then suddenly turns N., and afler flowing in that 
direction about 33 in., it takes an E. course, until it empties 
by St. Mary's sound into the Atlantic. It is 105 m. long, at 
low tide has 13^ leet of water on the bar at its raoulh, and 
19i feet at ordinary high tide, and forms the best harbor 
on the E. coast of Florida. 

Saint Mary's river. JI«.J. : a large inlet of Potomac r., in 
S. E. part of St. Mary's co. For statistics of St. Mary's 17. 
S. collection district, see St. Inigof.s. 

Saint Mary's river, O/u'o and Jufl.: rises in "W. part of 
Auglaize co., flows N. W. into Indiana to i:s coufliienee at 
Fort Wayne with St. Jt)sepli's r., with wliich it forms 
Maunicc river. 

Saint Mary's strait, Jfic7i. : is the outli-t of T.ake Superior, 
connecting it with Lake Huron. It is about 70 m. long, but 
is naturally divided into two sections by tlic falls of St. 
Mary, 15 m. below Lake Superior. These falls are more 
properly great rapids, J ra. long, and have a descent of 22 
feet 10 inclies, A ship and steamboat canal is about being 
constructed around them. Below the falls the strait is nav- 
igable for small steamboaLs, and vessels drawing 6 feet of 
water, though the navigation is most difScnlf. It contains 

4 very large islands, and several smaller ones, whieli divert 
its water into principal and cross channels. The usual ship 
channel is the W. strait, which has an average width of 
} m. The entire fall of the r. between the lakes is 44 feet 

5 inches, and iEs current (e.velusive of the rapids) has a 
moilium rate of U m. per hour. The strait abounds with 
fish of various kinds, which are taken in great quantities, 
and extensively expcjried. 

Saint Mary's Landin(;, p. v., St. Genevieve co., Jfo. : on 
the W. bank of the Mississippi r.. at the moulh of Saline 
cr., 7G m. below St. Louis and 126 m. K. S. E. Jefferson City. 
Salt springs are numerous in the vicinity, and salt has been 
manufactured here. 

Saint Mathews, p. v., Orangeburg dist.. S. Car. : on Caw- 
caw Swamp of North Edisto r., 23 m. S. by E. Columbia. 

Saint Michael's, p. v., Talbot co.. JA/. .' on the W. side 
of St. Michael's r., a large inlet of Ea.stern bay of Chesa- 
peake bay, 19 m. S, E. Indianapolis. Pop. SG3. 

Sai.nt Omee, p. o., Decatur co., Tiid.: on the N. side of 
Flat Ilock cr.. on the Lawrcnceburg and Upper Mi.ssissippi 
R. U., 8S m. S. E. Indianapohs. It is a pleasant village 
with about 450 inhabitants. 



Saint 1'aris, p. v., Champaign co., Ohio: 51 m. W. by N 
Columbus. 

Saint Padx. p. v., and cap. Uamsey co., Miini. 'lev. : on 
the left bank of tlie Mississippi, 15 m. by water and 8 m. by 
land below the Falls of SU Anthony, and about half that 
distance below the mouth of Minn-soia r., lat. 44^ 52" 46" N., 
and long. 93° 04' 54" W. It is siluale on two broad benches 
ol land, the lowest of which is 50 feet above the high water 
mark of the Mississippi, wliicli river flows i)ast the town in 
an E. by N. direcliou. The town site is flanked by beauti- 
ful blulfs. frnm which issue springs of cold clear water, and 
nature has done every thing to make it a romantic and 
h«-althful situation. The first store, or trading house, was 
built in 1^43, and seven years later it was the site of a 
Catholic mission, surrounded by stimted copse, and looking 
across the river fnmi his elevated table rock, the pious re- 
cluse saw a gloomy and silent f.trcst Imwuing upon the slug- 
gish waters and rising with the ri\er hills, falling back for 
miles into the prairie, presenting an aspect of interminable 
woodlands reaching to the distant sunset. The town has 
risen from this wilderness as if by magic. It has now an 
imposing Stale-house, l;!9 leet by 53 feet, a court-house, 
with mel;dlie d<mie, glilteriiig in the sun like a fairy castle, 
jail, nine churches for Christian worship, 513 dwellings, of- 
fices and shops, 70 manufactories and business houses, 4 
hotels, 4 school-houses, public and private. In machinery 
of various kinds, including a flouring-mill, an iron foundry, 
a plow factory, 4 wagon shops, etc.. $177,000 is invested; 
and stocks of mcrchaniiise of all drseriptii>ns are valued at 
$790,000— the last sum including the amount invested iu 
the Indian trade. These statistics refer to the spring of 
1S53, at which period it contained between 2,500 and 3.000 
inhabitants. In 1^50 its population numbered only 1.135. 
Lines of steamers, coming and going daily, omnibuses, 
coaches, etc., and yet St. Paul's is in the wilderness. Look 
where you will, and the primitive features of the surround- 
ing country remain unchanged, and the wild animal and 
Indian still Iiaunl the grounils to which ages of occupancy 
have given tliem a prescriptive right. This new town, how- 
ever, M ill "go alu-atl,'' and must eventually become a dep6t 
of a vast interior eonnnerce. It will receive and dislribute 
the merchant ware of the Upper .Mississippi and the whole 
valley of the Mimiesota, wbicli is now being opened to set- 
tlement. Already llie annual arrival of sleanters from below 
averages 200, bringing to the rising Slate a wealth of labor 
that will soon level tlie forests and make the land glad with 
its burden of agricultural pmfusion. "The society at St. 
Paul's," says a recent writer, " is a peculiar conglomeration 
of attractive and repellanl clemenls, reaching through all 
shades of color, from the bronzed savage to the suiooihy 
polished Circassian; and that contusion of tongues which 
distracted the builders of Eabel is no comparison to the Si. 
Paulian jargon. The Sioux, the French, the Patois, Dutch, 
German, Norwegian, Irish, English, and American alter- 
nately salute you in the street. * * * There are but few 
drones here; every body is busy, with no idle moneyed 
aristocrats to tyrannize over the industrious poor. * * * 
All here are slrangers from different parts— all adventurers ; 
all industrious, gemrally very orderly, and consequently 
very prosperous and happy." 

Saint Paul, p. o., Madison county, Ark. : 1i)G m. A"". W. 
Little liock. 

Saint Paul, p. v., Greene co., Jf<>. ; on a f -rk of James r., 
97 m. S. by W. Jefferson Ciiy. 

Saint Pai:t,, p. o., Clark county, Ala. : loO m. W. S. "W, 
Montgomery. 

Saint Paul's, p. o., Robeson co., *V. Car. : G3 ni. S. by W. 
Raleigh. 

Saint Petf.r's, p. o., Chester co., Pemi, : C3 m. E. by S. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Saint Petkr's, p. o., Franklin co., Ind. : 59 m. E. S. E. 
Indianapolis. 
Saint Pkois river, X Y.: rises iu SL Regis lake, in 

755 



SAI 



SAL 



Frankliu county, and flows JJ. by winding course into the 
St. Luwrcnce. 

Saikt Simon's islands and sound, Ga. : lie off Glynn 
county, E. and N. E. Brunswick. 

Saint Stepiiex, p. o., Fauquier county, Virg. : 79 miles 
N. by W. lliuhmond. 

Saint Stei-hen's, p. v., Washington co., Ala.: on the 
risrlit l)atik of the Tonibiiihee r., 122 m. S. \V. Montgomery. 
11 is located at the head nf schooner navigation. It contains 
a number of workshops, stores, etc., and a U. S. land office. 
Tbii buildings are chiefly of stone, but jiresent a dilapidated 
appearance. 

Saint Tammany parish, La. Situate E. in tlie east dis- 
trict, and contains 1,043 sq. ni. Drained by Tangipnlica and 
Chifunete rivers, Cogue Faliia, and oilier small streams. 
Surface generally uneven and in ])arls hilly, and adapted to 
grazing; soil barren for the meat part, but there are some 
fertile tracts on the streams, which are well cultivated and 
prove productive. Staple articles, ootluu, sugar, and rice. 
Pine limber abounds extensively. Farms 90; manuf. 33; 
dv.'ell. 7S6, and pop.— wh. 3,642, fr. col. 859, si. 2,3G3— total 
6,364. Capital : Covington. 

Saint Tammany's, p. o., Mecklenburg co., Virg. : 75 m. 
S. W. Richmond. 

Baint Thomas, t. and p. v., Franklin co., Penn.: 53 m. 
8. W. Ilarrisburg. Drained by liack cr. Surface uneven ; 
Boil various. The village on Ihe line of the proposed railroad 
from Getlys«burg to Greensburg contains some manufactor- 
ies, etc. In the town there is a furnace (constructed in 1S2S) 
of 1,400 tons annual capacity moved by water-power. Pop- 
ulation of t. about 2,000. 

Salamonie river, In<h : rises in S. E. corner of Jay co., 
near the Obio boundary, flows N. W., and empties into 
"Wabash r. opposite to Lagro. It is an exceUent mill-stream, 
but not navigable. 

Salem county, N'. Jer. Situate S. "W., and contains 31S 
eq. m. Drained by Stow, Salem, Alloway's, and Oldman's 
creeks, which flow into Delaware bay and river. Surface 
even ; soil varied, but in general is fertile — in the N. portion 
it consists principally of a deep loam with an intermixture 
of sand and clay, in the S. E. gravelly. Chief productions, 
wheat and Indian corn. Pork and beef are exitorted large- 
ly. It contains extensive beds of marl. Farms 1,313; 
manuf. 142 ; dwell. 3,545. and pop. — wh. 17,415, fr. col, 2,052, 
si. 0— total 19,467. Capital: Salem. 

Salem, p. v., Paissell county, Ala. : 69 miles E. by N. 
Montgomery. 

Salem, p. v., Newton co., 7>a*. ; on the Sabine r., at the 
mouth of Big Cow or., 261 m. E. Austin Cily. 

Salem, t. and p. v., New London co,, Crmn. : 29 m. S. E. 
Hartford, 36 m. E. N. E. New llaven. Is an agricultural 
township, with fertile soil, well watered by several streams. 
Gardner's lake lies on its N. E. border. Incorporated in 
1S19, and contains 4 churches. Pop. of t. 760. 

Salem, p. v., Clark co., Ga.: on Green Briar cr., 39 m. 
N, by "W. Milledgeville, 

Salem, p. v.. and cap. Marion co., lU. ; on the borders 
of Grand Prairie, at the head of Crooked cr., 90 m. S. S. E. 
Springfield. It contains the county buildings, etc., and 
promises to become an important place upon tlie comple- 
tion of the Ohio and Mississippi K. It., and the Massac and 
Sanffamon P. P., which will pass through it. 

Salem, t., p. v., sta., and cap. "Washington CO., Ifid. : near 
the head waters of Blue r. and on the New Albany and 
Salem P. P., ^5 m. N. N. "W. New Albany and 79 m. S. 
from Indianapolis. It is located near the centre of the 
county, on rolling ground, and is one of the picasantest 
places in the State. This village suffered much from the 
cholera in 1S82, and for several years it did not improve; 
but important improvements arc now being made, and con- 
siderable business is carried on in manufactures, etc. The 
public buildings are a court-house, jail, fire-proof offices, a 
market-house, fine and commodious cliurohcs of all denom- , 
750 



inations. a flourishing county seminary, a female academy 
under the patronage of the Salera Presbytery, about im 
houses, mostly of brick and well construcle<l, and 1,500 in- 
habitants. The manufactories (which are various) are 
chiefly moved by steam. The public press consists of 3 
papers : the " Salem News'' (whig), '• "Washington Demo- 
crat*' (dem.), and the "Salem I^comuUve" (neut.), all 
weekly issues. 

Salem, p. v., Henry co., la. : 56 m. S. Iowa City. The 
village is surrounded by beautiful prairie land. Settled in 
IS;^ by a number of Friends from Salem, N. J., and incor- 
porated in 1S;39. It contains several stores, places of in- 
struction, mechanic shops, etc. 

Salem, p. v., and cap. Livingston CO., Ky.: near Clay 
Lick cr., 193 m. S. "W. Frankfort. It contains the court- 
house, jail, etc. Pop. about 300. 

Salem, t. and p. v., Franklin co.. Me. : 49 m. N. N. "W. 
Augusta. This is a good farming t, watered by Seven 
Mile brook. Mount Abraham commences in its N. part. 
Incorporated in 1S23. Pop. of t. 4M. 

Salem, p. city, port of entry, and one of the caps. Essex 
CO., Mass. : on Salem harbor of Massachusetts bay, 14 m. 
N. E. by N. Boston. Lat. (E. I. M. Hall) 420 31' 18" N., 
long. 70° 53' 53" W. It is chiefly built on a narrow penin- 
sula, formed by two inlets from the harl«jr, called North and 
South rivers. The latter forms the main harbor, which 
affords good anchorage ground, but vessels drawing more 
than 14 feet of water must be partially unloaded before they 
can come to its wharves. The site of the city is low, but 
pleasant and healthy. Its compact portion is about \\ m. 
long and i m. wide. Its streets are quite irregular, but of 
late many of them have been much improved. It is gener- 
ally well built, and many of the bouses and public buildings 
are very handsome structures. "Washington Square is a 
fine public park of eight acres, ornamented with trees, etc. 
The principal public buildings are, the City Hall, built in 
18137, a very fine building, with granite front; the Court- 
house, a new edifice, handsomely situated ; the Custom- 
house, Mechanic Hall, market-house, alms-house, and jail. 
The Museum of the East India Marine Society is a cele- 
brated collection of about 5,000 curiosities of nature and art, 
collected from almost every part of the world, kept in a spa- 
cious hall built by the society. This society was formed in 
1799 of those who, as captains or supercargoes, had doubled 
Ihe Cape of Good Hope or Cape Horn, and in 1S23 the 
number of its members residing in Salem was 160. There 
are 20 churches, of which several are very handsome edi- 
fices. Much attention is given to education, and the public 
schools are of superior excellence. The Salem Athenaeum, 
incorporated in 1810, has a spacious hall in Lawrence Place, 
with a very valuable library of 11,000 volumes. The Essex 
Institute has 2,500 volumes, with other collections; the Me- 
chanics' Library contains 1.200 volumes ; besides which there 
are two other hbraries. In 1S50 the periodical press con- 
sisted of 6 issues; viz.,' K tri- weekly, "Salem Gazette" 
(whig); 2 semi-weekly, "S. Register'' (whig) and "Essex 
County Freeman" (F. S.); 3 weekly, "S. Observer" (neuL), 
'■S. Mercury" (neut.), and the '' Villager*' (fam.). 

The manufactures of Salem are considerable. The 
Naumkeag Cotton Manufacturing Company have a capital 
of $1,000,000, run about 2S,000 spindles, employ about 6i)0 
operatives, and annually manufacture 5,000,000 yards of 
goods. There are 2 cordage factories, each employing 
about 60 hands, 3 twine factories, an iron factory, brass 
foundry, and 4 large machine shops. The manufactures of 
leather, boots and shoes, chemicals, and gum copal is very 
extensively carried on. There are 7 banks, with an aggre- 
gate capital of $1,75D,000 ; 6 insurance companies, with lolal 
capital of $900,000; 1 marine insurance company, and an 
instilulion for savings. The lines of railroad leading fVom 
Salem are— Eastern P. P.. pas.sing through it from Boston 
to Portland ; Essex P. P., from Salem to Lawrence, 21 m. ; 
Salem and Lowell P. P., 24 ui. ; South Peadmg Branch K. E. 



SAL 

to Boslon, rni Smith KL-adiusj, 19 m. ; an.l the Marblfhcad 
Braiioh P.. K., 4 ra. 

In ft>rt'igfi e<inimerce Salora was ftir a long porio'l llie 
secomi town itt New Englan.I, .-mil was especially <listin- 
Suishi'd for its Eiist India tra<l.", by wliifli it was very 
croally enriclifd. In ISIS llie nunjbcr of vessels cmployefl 
in lliis trade, lielonging to Salem, was ."iS, the tonnage of 
which was 14.'272 tons. This trade is not now carried on so 
extensively as formerly from tliis port, but many vessels 
therein cTigaged are owned here, and deliver their cargoes 
in Boston and New Tork. The total tonnage of Snlem dis- 
trict on ,S01h June. 1S50, was 23.916 tons. The registered 
tonnage was 2(1,317 tons, of which 19,710 Ions were perma- 
nent, ami GU7 tons temporary. The enrolled and licensed 
tonnage was S.599 tons, all permanent; of which s,4:50 tons 
were employed in the coasting trade, 97 tons in cod fishery, 
and 72 tons in the mackerel fishery. In neillier class of 
tonnage was any portion employed in steam navigation. 
During the year preceding, the number of clearances for 
f.ireign countries was .37'2— 35,003 tons. The number of 
entrances during the same period, as given in the IT. S. 
Treasury reports, are united with those of Beverly districi, 
and their united total is 8313—36,796 Ions. Of llic entire 
foreign commerce about five-twelfths of the tonnage was 
American, seven-twelfths foreign. During the year 1 slii|i 
was built— 299 tons. An U. S. naval ollicer is stationed at 
tills port. 

The city government is vested in the mayor, board of 6 
aldermen, and common council, composed of 24 inembers, 
6 from each of the 4 wards. The cily school committee is 
composed of 21 members. The terrilory of the city, includ- 
ing islands, contains 5.429 acres. An aqueduct supplies the 
cily with excellent spring water. The city alms-house, 
erected in ISIG, is on the Neck, surrounded by a large farm. 
A bridge over the North r., 1,431 feet long, connecis Salem 
with Beverly, N. of wliich is also tiie railroail bridge. 

The population at different periods has been as follows : 



Teir, 


p..r. 


Year. 


i:.f. 


lV,,r. 


fnp. 


Ye.»r. 


Po,.. 


1G37. 


. 900 


ISoO. 


. 9,4.57 


l«3fl. 


.1S,'95 


1SJ5. 


.16.762 


176,1. 


. 4.427 


1310. 


.12,01:5 


1386. 


.15.002 


1S50. 


.20,203 


1790. 


. 7,921 


1320. 


.12,731 


1340. 


.15,032 







Salem w.a9 settled in 1626, incorporated June 29. 1629, 
made shire town November 9, 1044. an<l incorporated as a 
city March 23, 1^36. Its Indian name was Naumkeag. In 
1629 it contained 200 inhabitants, and the first church was 
then firmed, In July, 1630, 17 ships arrived, with 1.500 
persons, by some of whom Boston was fainded. In 1692 
the witchcraft delusion prevailed, during which 19 persons 
were condemned and hanged as witches. In 1774, when 
Boston was a closed port, <5en. Gage ordered the removal 
of the general court to this place, which called out great 
remonstrance from its citizens. During the Revolution it 
was distinguished for patriotism, and especially for its va- 
rious naval achievements. In the course of the war it fitted 
out aliout CO vessels, manned by about 4.000 men. At the 
end of the war it commenced the East India trade. The 
first vessel thus engaged was at the Cape of Good Hope in 
1734, and at Canton in 1736. In 17^2 was established the 
first regular stage communication witli Boston, which was 
tri-wcekly : the railroad to Bosbxi was opened August 23. 
1383. The usual time at present of pa.ssingoveritio Boston 
is 4.") minutes. On December 2.3, 1317, the telegraph wires 
were completed to this place from Boston. 

S.vi.KM. t. and p. o., Washtenaw co.. Jfich. : 53 m. E. S. E 
T.ansing. Drained by a fork of W. branch of Rouge r. This 
is one of the best agricultural towns in the co., having a 
very rich soil, and well improved. Pop. 1.34:3. 

Sai-km. p. v., Tippah county, Miss. : 182 ra. N. N. E. 
.Jackson. 

SALf'.w. t.,-p. v.. and sfa.. Rockingham co., -V! ITitmp. : on 
Manchester and Lawrence E. E., 19 tn. from Manchester, 7 



SAL 

111. fn.in Lawrence. 84 m. S. S. E. Cmcoril. Surface uneven ; 
watered by Spiggot r. and branches, which alford water- 
Jiowcr, improved by mills of various kinds. Pop. in 1340, 
1,4113; in 1350, 1,555. 

Salem, p. v., and cap. S.-ili-m co.. J^. Jer.: on E. side of 
Salem cr., 3J m. from its nioiiib, in Delawa^^^ bay, 57 ni. 
S. W. by S. Trenton. Tlu' s..iil of 1. is a fertile sandy loam. 
The V. was the first place s.Olled in West .lersey, having been 
founded in 167.5. It coiit:iins a handsome brick court-house, 
with lire-proof county oflices adjacent, a stone j;iil, academy, 
S churches, marlict-house. an.l bank, with e:ipit:d of .$75,000. 
The "National Standard" (wliig) and "Salem Sunbeam" 
(dem.) are published weekly. Vcssi'lj of .50 tons come up 
to the V. ; the bar, at the mouth of the creek, has but S feet 
of water. A sleamljoat plies daily to Delaware Cily and 
New Castle, connecting wi h one from Philadelphia. Pop. 
oft. in 1340, 2,007; in 1350, 3.052. 

Sai,f.m. U p. v., sla., and one of the capitals of Washington 
CO.. N. Y. : 44 m. N. E. Allniny. Drained by branches of 
Batten Kill r. Surface undulating, in parts hilly ; soil in 
general good, and under high stale of cultivation. Butter, 
cheese, piirk, etc., are produced in abundance. It was first 
settled in 1756, by two cuiipauies of emigrruits. one from 
Scotland and Irel: nd. and the other fmm New Engbind, and 
organized in 1733. The v. is on Wliite cr., in a jileasant 
valley, and on the Rutland and Washington R. R., 41 ra. 
N. by E. Troy It was incorporated in isu:?, and contains a 
part of the county buildings. It is surrounded by a rich and 
highly cultivated region of country, producing excellent 
grain, and raising large numlicrs of sheep ; it is celebrated 
as a mart for the |)urcliase of wool. The Wa-hingt.in Acad- 
emy, located here, is an old and flourishing institution. 
The V. has some manufactures, several mills, etc. ; and the 
" Salein Press" (whig) is issued weekly. Pop. of t. 2.904. 

Sai,km, p. v., Forsyth county, .V. Car.: 90 m. W. N. W. 
Raleigh. Settled bj- Moravians, who have here a celebrated 
female academy, witli large buildings on a handsome square. 
The V. also contains a church, a cotton fictory. p:iper fac- 
tory, stores, etc.. and a brinch of the Bank of Cape Fear at 
Wilmington, with capital of S;1.5o.O0O. Pop. about 1,000. 

Sai-em, p. V. and sta., Ciilunibiana co,, Ofi/'o: on (iliioand 
Pennsylvania R. U., 65 m. from Woosler, 09 m. from Pitt-«- 
burg;'l22 m. N. E. Columbus. This v. is in Perry t. The 
"Homestead .Tournal" (bind reform) ami "Anti-Slavery 
Bugle" are issued weekly. Pop. about 1.000. 

s" I.EM. t., Columbiaiui CO.. o/,i„: 128 in. N. E. Columbus. 
Surface rolling; soil fertile. The Ohio an.l Pennsylvania 
R. R. passes through the t. at v. of Franklin Square, 69 m. 
from Wooster. 05 m. from Pittsliurg. Pop. 1.960. 

Sai.exi. t. and p. o.. Mercer co., IVnn. : 195 m. N. W. ITar- 
risburg. Draine.l by Little Shenangoanil Crooked creeks. 
Surface even ; soil fertile. It has several mills, mecluuuc 
shops, etc. 

SALE.M, p. v., Sumter dist., S. Cm: : on tlie E. side of Black 
r., .55 m. E. by S. Columbia. 

Salem, p. v., Franklin CO., Teni:. : on Bean's cr., 77 m. 
S. B. E. Nashville. 

Sale.m. p. v., sta., and cap. Roanoke co., Virff. .• on tlieN. 
side of the Roanoke r., and on the Virginia and Tennessee 
R. R., 60 m. from Lynchburg. 145 W. by S. Richm.uid. It 
contains a court-house, jail, and a branch of the Exchange 
Bank of Virginia, Norfolk, with e:ipilal of $100,000. 

Salem, p. V., and cap. M:iri(.n c... and capit:d of the 75>r- 
ri/m-i/ of On'<j-m: is situated on tlie K. bank of the Wilta- 
mctte river, and contains tlie State buiWings, etc. 

Sai.em. p. v.. Racine Co., Il'wc. ; on Lake Michigan, S7 m. 
E. bvS. M;idison. 

Salem Centc.e, p. v., Westchester county, ,V. I'.; 92 m. 
S. by E. Allviny. 

S.U.EM CiifRcn. p. v.. Randolph county, K Car.: W. of 
ritarie r.. 73 in. W. by S. Raleigh. 

Salem Ckoss Roads, p. o., Chautauque CO., .V. K .-304™. 
W. by S. Albany. 

757 



SAL 



SAL 



Salem Cross Koads, p. o., "Westmoreland co., Perm. : 133 
m. W. Iljirriabiirg. 

Salem Faih^uikr, p. v., Fauquier co., J'lrg. : on the 
Manassas Gap li. R., 91 in. N. by "W. liiclimond. 

Salfobpville, p. o., Monlgomery co., Penn. : 7S m. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Salisa, p. v., Jefferson co., Ky. : on the E. side of Mill 
cr. of llie Ohio r., 53 in. W. Frankfort. 

Salina, t, and p. v.. Onondaga counly. X. Y.: 133 m. 
TV. N. W. Albany. Drained by several small slrcams flow- 
iui; into Onondaga lake, which bounds it on Ihc W. Sur- 
face rolling; s;oil of great fertility, and we'll cultivated. It 
is celebrated for its salt niaimfacturei— the Onondaga Salt 
Springs, owned by the Stale, being located here, mostly on 
the " Onondaga Salt Spring Reservation,'' consisting of de- 
tached lota of various dimensions, situated promiscuously in 
the town. They are the largest and best lu the United 
States. The making of salt, both by solar evaporation and 
by artificial heat, is carried on extensively in the villages of 
Salina, Syracuse, and Liverpool. The principal spring is 
at Salina v., which affords an inexhaustible supply of water, 
yielding to every 40 gallons about one bushel of pure salt. 
The water is forced up by hydraulic engines into a large 
reservoir, from which Syracuse and other places are supplied 
by means of pipes. InlS5il, tliere were manufactured at the 
Salina works 4'>,.540 bushels of coarse salt, 1,SG6,4;35 bushels 
of fine, and '2G2,T30 bushels of ground or dairy salt — total, 
2,175,711 bushels. The amount of duty accruing to the State 
from these works was $-14,304. The \\ is located on the E. 
bank of the lake, and on the Oswego Canal, 2 m. N. Syra- 
cuse. It was incorporated in 1S24, and contains — besides a 
number of stores and groceries, flouring and other mills — an 
extensive machine shop and a furnace worked by steam, for 
the purpose of manufacturing steam-engines and fine cast- 
ings, several^other machine shops, etc. Poii. of t. 2,142. 

SaldvE county. Ark. Situate centrally, and contains 931 
sq. m. Drained by Hurricane cr. and branches of Saline r., 
which runs on its western border. Surface level ; soil pro- 
ductive, and good cotton is raised. Farms 405, manuf. Ifi, 
dwell. 621, and pop.— wh. 3,392, fr. col. 6, si. 503~total 3,901. 
Capital: Benton. 

Salr^e county, I^l. Situate S., and contains 373 sq. ni. 
Drained by south and middle fork of Saline cr., a tributary 
of Uie Ohio. Surface generally level; soil of a sandy nature. 
Chief productions, wheat and Indian corn. It has fine pas- 
turage for cattle, large numbers of which are fattened and 
exported annually. It is well timbered, and has some salt 
springs, which were formerly of considerable value. Farms 
67S, manuf. 11, dwell. 9G1. and pop.— wh. 5,495, fr. col. 93— 
toUil .^.5SS. Ciipital : RaU iLrh. 

Saline county. J/*). Situate N. "W. centrally, and contains 
727 sq. m. Drained by La Mine r. and its branches. It is 
bounded on the N, E., N.. and N. W. by Missouri r. Surface 
undulating; S'»il fertile; the laud on the rivers being rich and 
exceedingly prnductive. It has some fine limber anrl jirairie 
land. Farms 5S7,manuf. S,dwell. 950. and pop. — wh. 6,lUS, 
fr. col. IG, si. 2.719— total S.K43. Cipitcil: Marshall. 

Saline, t. and p. v.. Waahtenaw co., Midi.: 55 m. S. K. 
Lansing. Drained by Raisin r., affording good mill-power. 
Surface even; soil rich loam, producing grains of all kinds, 
and of good quality. The v. on the river, in the N. E. part, 
contains several mills, etc. Pnp. 1,631. 

Saline, p. v., Ralls co., Mo. : 75 m. N. by E. Jefferson 
City. 

Saline, p. o., Bienville par.. La. : near a cr. so called, 1*'5 
m. N. W. Baton Rouge. Salt ia manufactured in the 
vicinity. 

Saline creek, Mo. : rises in S. "W. part of Perry co., makes 
a circuitous course in a N. direction, and enters the Missis- 
sippi r. near the S. E. corner of St. Genevieve co. There 
are numerous salt springs ou its border, and salt has been 
manufaetured here. 
Saline river, La.: rises in S. part of Olaihorue parish, 
75S 



flows S. 50 m., and passing through i^aline lake, empties 
into Black Lake r., in Natchitoches parish. There are salt 
works ou its border. 

Saline river, III.: rises by N.. S., and middle forks, in 
Hamiltitn. Williamson, and Johnson counties, and forming 
a junelion at E(juality, flows S. E., and enters the Ohio r. 9 
m. below Shawnectowu. The great U. S. Salines are located 
on this r., about 2 in. S. of Equality. The manufacture of 
salt at this point is extensive. There are also other sail 
works on the borders of this stream, and it is navigable for 
some distance. 

Saline Mills, p. o., Natchitoches par.. La. : ou the "W. of 
Saline cr., and in the neighborhood of the salt works, 155 m. 
N. W. Baton Rouge. 

Salineville, p. V. and sla.. Columbiana co., Ohio : on the 
Cleveland and Pitt.sburg R.R., S6 m. S. E. Cleveland, 121 m. 
E. N. E. Columbus. Pop. 237. 

Salujcoy, p. 0,, Cass county, Ga. : 131 m. N. W. 
Milledgeville. 

Salisrurt, t and p. v., Litchfield county, Conn. : 41 m. 
N.^W. Hartford. Bounded on the N. by Connecticut r., E. 
by the Ilousatonic r., and on the "W. by New York. Im- 
mense hydraulic power is derived from the Housatonic and 
Salmon rivers, and it is well watered by several lakes and 
ponds. The surface is formed by luHy elevations and deep 
valleys, but the soil is well adapted to all kinds of grain and 
to pasturage. Limestone predominates in the valleys, and 
the hills are of granite. Imn ore is the chief staple com- 
modity, inexhaustible quantities of which, celebrated fijr its 
superior quality, are here found, and the manufactures of it 
ar& extensive. Wood, also, is abundant, large quantities of 
which are turned into charcoal, and with other materials 
found here, used for smelting the ore. The " Old Ore Hill," 
located n(!ar the New York line, has been worked since the 
year 1732. The first furnace was erected in 1762, and a 
large amount of cannon-balls and bomb-shells were manu- 
factured here during the Revolutionary War. There are 
now in Salisbury several furnaces, forges, puddling estab- 
lishments, manufactories of guns, anchors, scythes, engine 
cranks, hoes, trii)-hammers, etc. The forges and puddling 
establishments produce an immense quantity of wrought 
iron, which is used for anchors, ear axletrees, musket bar- 
rels, etc. Some of the oldest guns in our navy were made 
at the old furnace here, and muskets are still being made 
from the products of these mines. The ore ia the brown 
hematite, and yields 40 per cent, of pig iron. The v. of 
Salisbury is located on Salmon r., and is a pleasant place. 
Pop. of I 3.103. 

Salisuury. p. v., Sangamon co., Jil. : on Richland cr. of 
Sangamon r., 11 m. N. Springfield. 

Salisbury, p. v., Somerset co., Md. : on the E. side of 
Wicomico r., on the E. line of the county. 14 m. N. N. E. 
Princess Anne, and 95 m. S. E. of Annapolis. 

SALisuiritv. t. and p. v., Essex co.. Mans. : 36 m. N.by E. 
Boston. Bounded on the N. by the Slate iine, E. by the 
Atlantic Ocean, S. by the Merrimac r.. and W. by Powow r. 
Drained by several small streams flowing into the river 
ami ocean. Surface generally uneven, but in the E. there 
is an extensive beach and some salt marsh ; soil fertile. 
There arc two important villages in the t., tin- principal cm 
Powow r., at the head of tide-water, part of which is in 
Amosburj'. On the part located in Salisbury are flannel 
factories, known as the "Salisbury Manufacturing Com- 
pany," capital $4110,000, employing about 400 operatives, and 
manufacturing over 1,000,000 yards of flannels, cloaking, 
etc.. annually. Besides which are oth.r manufactories of 
woolen and cotton goods, fulling mills, tanneries, etc. The 
other v., located on the Merrimac, on a point of land formed 
by the junction of that river with the Powow, is celebrated 
for its superior ship-building, which is the principal branch 
of trade here. A number of vessels are owned in this v.. 
and emi>loyed in ihe cnjistiu!:: Irar!.- and ni.aelierel fishety. 
Salisbury is connected with Newburvport by a suspension 



SAL 



SAL 



briiJfie. which spans the Merriiiuu-. The \-. is uii iIk- l::a>l- 
em i;. i;., at which point the Salisbury Branch U. li.divcriica 
86 m. N. by E. Boston. It is neatly lui«l out. ami contains a 
number of places of I»U3inesa, a baulv, etc. Pop. of t. 3,1U0. 

SALi-iiiURY, t. and p. v., Mt-rriinae co., ^V. llninp. : 15 ni. 
N. "\V. Concord. Biackwater r. jiasses throuirU the W. p:irl, 
from wliich is derived good walt-r-power. r*urface varied ; 
hi llie N. W. is a portion of Kearsurire Mountain. The soil 
in tlie upland is mostly rich ; tlie hilly land abounds in ex- 
cellent pasturage, and on Blackwater r. tliere is very fertile 
inler\ale. There are several very valuable farms in the I., 
and the people are chiefly employed in a£cricullure. Tliis t. 
was the birthplace of the Hon. Daniel Webster. The v. is 
located on the E. side of Blackwater r. Top. of t. l,'i"2S. 

Sai.isbltry, t. and p. v., Herkimer co., jV. }'. ; 03 m. N.W. 
Albany. Drained by East and West Canada creeks, tlie 
former forming in part its E. boundary. Surface generally 
hilly; in parts mountainous; soil fertile, and some grain is 
raised. The v. is about 7 ra. N. by E. Little Falls, and con- 
tains several mills, etc. Deposits of magnetic iron ore are 
found in the vicinity. The t. has some manufactures, me- 
chanic shops, etc. Pop. 2,035. 

SALiSBfKV. sta., Orange co., y. Y. : on the Newburg 
Branch B. B., lb m. N. E. Chester, 7 S. W. Newburg, and 
&5 m. S. by W. Albany. 

SAi.isiiunY, p. v., and cap. Bowan co., A^. Car. : on a 
branelt of Yadkin r., lOS m. W. Baleigh. It contains a 
coiu't-house. jail, an academy, etc. An ancient stone wall, 
from li to 14 feet high and 22 inches thick, riacliing to 
within a t'ooi of the surface and '600 feet in length, has hecn 
dJsiovered here; and a similar one has been discovered 
G ni. distant from the first, 4 or 5 feet high and T inches 
thick. Tiie origin of neither has been ascertained. The 
" Carolina Watchman" (whig) is a weekly issue. 

Salisih:kv, t. and p. o., Meigs co.. Oh/o: on the N. bank 
of the Ohio r.', 7ij m. S. E. Columbus. Drained by Leading 
creek and branches; Surface rugged ; soil fertile. This t. 
abounds with stone-coal of a good quality, and an extensive 
business is carried on in that article. Coalport village, on 
the bank of the river, is the principal mining i)oint. Bail- 
ways are here built for the purpose of running down the 
coal fr<jm the mines to boats in the river. The nnning is 
principally done by natives of Wales. The salt-works in 
the town produce large quantities of salt annually. There 
is a number of stores, mills, and mechanic shops, etc. In 
the S. part, on the hank of the r., a mile above Coalport, is 
Pomeroy, the capital of the county, and the principal point of 
business f<ir the coal region ; it5 pop. is 1,037. and of t. 4.540. 

SAi.isnrrtY, I., p. v., and sla., Addison co., Venn.: 34 m. 
S. W. Mont|>elier. In the centre of the t is Lake Drnm- 
niontl, 4 m. long, and from one half to tliree-fourths of a m. 
wide, the outlet of which, called Leicester r..furnishes good 
water-power. Drained by Middlebury r. and the outlet of 
the lake. Surface roiling; soil fertile. Chartered in I70I, 
and first settled in 1775. It is a manufacturing ]ilace, con- 
taining valuable manufactories of woolen gonds. glass, iron. 
luml)er, etc. The v. is located at the outlet of the lake, and 
the sta. is on the Rutland and Burlington B. K., 39 m. S. by E. 
Burhngton. Pop. oft. 1,02T. 

Salisbury Cbntre, p. v., Herkimer co.. A''. Y. : on Spruce 
creek, 64 m. N. W. Albany. It contains scime manufacto- 
ries. In the vicinity are extensive deposits of magnetic 
iron ore. 

SALisiujiiY Cove, p. c, Hancock co., Mt\ : 72 m. E. by N. 
Augusta. 

SAi.r-BLRY Mills, p. o., Orange co.. A' Y. : 90 m. S. by W. 
All'any. It is a small mill-scat, with but few inhal)itant3. 

Sai-m AGi-NDi, p. c, Waehila par., Lu. : 144 m. N. N. W. 
BatoTi Bi'Uge. 

Salmon" mountain, Klamath county, Calif. : between 
Salmon and Klamath rivers. 215 m. N. by W. Vallejo. Cov- 
ered with snow nine months in the year. Cold abounds in 
the vicinity, particularly on the rivers. 



Sai.M".n river, <\tli/.: rises in the moinitaiiis, in E. part 
of Klamalh co., and running W., empties mto Klaniaih r. 
Gold is abundant in its whole course. 

Salmo.n river. Conn. : rises in the S. part of Tolland co., 
and flows S. into Middlesex co., when it receives Moodus r., 
and empties into the Connecticut r. at East Haddam. There 
are sever.-il falls in its course which atford good water- 
power, and it is navigable a short distance from its mouth. 

SALMti.v river, JSf. Y. : rises in Osceola t., Lewis co., and 
flowing AV". Ihruugh Oswego co., empties into Lake Ontario, 
about 5 m. S. from Great Sand bay. It has a tolerably good 
harbor at ils mouth, and is boatable at high water as far up 
as the falls at Orwell, 14 m. At the falls the river has a 
perpendicular fall of 107 feet. At high water the sheet la 
250 feet wide, but at low water is reduced to one-half that 
width. The rocky strata is composctl of slate and granite^ 
or gneiss. The height of the bank ab(.ve the falls is from 
SO to 00 feet, and below. 201) feet perpendicular rock. 

Salmon river, Oreg. Ta: : rises in the Bocky Mt)unlains, 
and fl()Wing N. W.. forms the N. branch of Suake river, or 
Lewis fork of the Columbia river. 

Salmon Falls, p. v., StrafTonl co.. A'. ILonp.: on the 
river so called. 2 m. below the Creat I-'alH, and nti the Bos- 
ton and Maine B. B., 39 m. S. W. I'ortland, and oO ni. E. 
Concnrd. 

Sal.mon Falls river, Mt\ and A\ Ilamp. : rises in East 
Ponrl, between Acton and Wakefiild, flows S. by E., and 
joins the Piscataqua r. at Hilton's Point. On this river, be- 
tween the towns of Boehester and Lebanon, are extensive 
falls. 

Salmon Eiver. p. o.. Oswego co, N. Y. : on a stream so 
called. 133 m. N. W. Albany. 

Salmon Biver mountains. Oi'e<j. %•)'.: a chain of mount- 
ains exlending from the Koi-ky Mountains W. along the S. 
side of Salmon r. to its junction with Snake or Lewis river. 

Salona, p. v., Clinton county, P^mii. : 03 m. N. N. W. 
IIarrisl)urg. A furnace, located here, has an annual capaci- 
ty of 1.100 tons. 

Salonia, p. o., Greene co., Kt/. : 03 m. S. by W. Frankfort. 

Salt creek, fjid. : rises in the E. part of Brown co.. Hkws 
W. into Monroe, then S. W. through Lawrence into the E. 
fork of White river. It is navigable at high water nearly 
oO m. It has several good mill-seats, and near it c.re salt 
springs, which have been worked to advantage. 

Salt lake, Utnh Ter. {See Great Salt Lake.) 

Salt lake, Cameron co.,Tej:. : this famous salt lake, about 
3 m. in clreumfereiu'.e, affords immense (luantities of salt, 
supplying the vicinity and many neighboring States of .Mex- 
ico. Its waters arc evaporated in stmimer, leaving a crust 
of salt 4 or 5 inches thick. 

Salt river. A''/. .' rises in Mercer county, flows N. into 
Anderson, and turning W. enters the Ohio r. at West Point, 
20 m. below Louisville. It is 200 yards wide at its mouth, 
and is boatable 150 miles. Its principal branch is llolling 
fork. Some of the most fertile parts of the State arc watered 
by this river and its branches. 

Salt river. Mo. : is formed by three large forks in E. part 
of Monroe co., and flows eastwardly in a winding course, 
and enters the Mississippi r. about 3S m. below Marion city. 
It is navigable to some extent. 

Salt Crki:: k, p. v., Davis co., la. : on a branch of Soap cr., 
05 m. S. S. W. Iowa City. 

Saltillo, p. v., Itawamba county, Jlis-'H.: ICH m. N. E. 
Jackson. 

Saltillo, p. o., Ilanlin county, T':n>i.:OG m. S. W. 
Nashville. 

Saltillo. p. v.. Jasper county. It,'?.: on the Iroquois or 
Pirkamink r.. 93 m. N. X. W. Indian:qioIis. 

Saltkictciikr P>i:iI'<;i;, p. v., Colleton -iistrict. S. On:: on 
the left bank of Combahei- r., in a swanqiy di^-trict, S7 m. S. 
Cohinihia. 

Salt Lakh City, or Cily of the Great Salt Lake, p. city, 
and cap. Salt Lake CO., Vtiik Tcr: : on Jordan river, a strait 

759 



SAL 

between Utah and Great Salt lakes. I(i5 m. N. by E. Fillmore 
City. This settlement of the Monnoos is situated at the west- 
em base of the "Wasatch Mountains, on an elevation of more 
than 4.UO0 feet The Mormon coniuiunion was first organ- 
ized in l^!^0, under the auspices of .Joseph Smith, the 
prophet and founder, and the selUement commenced at tliis 
place un<ler Brighara Young, his successor, in July, 1S4T ; 
soon after which it was laid out in streets and squares for a 
large city, and a fort or inclosure erected for defense against 
attacks by Indians. The streets are well planned, running at 
right angles S rods wide, with sidewalks of 20 feet, the blocks 
40 rods square, divided into 8 lots, each containing one acre 
and a quarter. The houses are built princiiially of sun-dried 
brick, and present a neat appearance. In October tlie col- 
ony was strengthened by tlie arrival of from a,t)00 to 4,01)0 
persons, since which time building and agriculture have been 
prosecuted to such an extent that it is now a place of con- 
siderable note. Agriculture and the raising of stock are the 
chief pursuits of the inhabitants; but establishments are 
being erected fur the manufacture of woolen goods, sugar, 
etc. ; wood, iron ore, and alum is found in the vicinity, and 
salt is manufactured from the waters of tlu- lake, which con- 
tains 20 per cent, of pure salt. By an Act of C(»ngres3, a 
mail line has been established from this city through the 
principal cities and towns to San Diego (California). A 
school for the education of teachers has been commenced, 
school-houses built for the instruction of children, a univer- 
sity is in contemplation i,the site of which has been selected 
on one of the terraces of the mountain, overlooking the 
city), and altogether it is in a flourishing condition. 

Salt-lick Falls, p. o., Preston co., Virff. : ISl m. N. W. 
Richmond. 

Saltpetke, p. 0., "Washington co., Ohio: 83 m. E. S. E. 
Oolumbus. 
Salt Point, p. 0., Duchess co., ^ Y. : 63 m. S. Albany. 
Salt Kiver, p. v., Audrian co., Mo.: on Davis fork of 
Salt r., 89 m. N. Jefferson City. 

Sai,tsburg, p. v„ Indiana co., renti. : on the right bank 
Of Conemaugh r., 133 m, "W. N. W. Harrisburg. Salt works 
are operated in the vicinity. It contains several stores, 
mills, workshops, etc. Pop. 623. 

Salt Si-eixg, p. o., Campbell co., Ga. : 90 ra. "W. N. "W, 
MiUedgeville. 

Salt Spring, p. o., Bienville parish, La. : 163 m. N. W. 
BatoQ Rouge. 

Salt Spbisgville, p. o., Otsego county, N. T. : 52 m. 
"W. by N. Albany. 

Salt Sulphur Springs, p. v., Monroe co., Virg. : 169 m. 
W. Uichmond. This is a pleasant watering-place, 24 m. 
from "White Sulphur Springs. The springs are encircled by 
mountains on every side, are much visited by invalids and 
ethers, and enjoy a high reputation. The temperature of 
tlieir waters varies from 49° to 56^ Fahrenheit. 

Salt\'illf,, p. v., Washington co., Virg,: on S. side of 
N. fork Holston r., 243 m. "W. by S. Eichmond. There are 
valuable salt springs in the vicinity ; and gypsum is found, 
"Water-power is good, and there are several mill-seats. 

Salubrity, p. v., Pickens district, S. Cur. : on Eighteen 
mile cr., tributary of Seneca r., 109 m. N. "W. Columbus. 

Saluda, p. o., Jefferson county, Jnd.: on a cr. so called, 
73 m. S. S. E. Indianapolis. 

Saluda, p. c, Coweta county, Ga. : 87 m. "W. by N. 
MiUedgeville. 

Saluda, p. v. and sta., Newbury district, S. Car. : on the 
N. side of Saluda r., and on the Greenville and Columbia 
K. K., 61 m. "W. by N. Columbia. 
Saluda, p. o., Middlesex co., Virg. : 51 m. E. Richmond. 
Saluda river, S. Car.: rises in the eastern division of 
Iho Alleghany Mountains, In N. "W. part of the Slate, and 
flows in a S. E. direction, separating Greenville, Laurens, 
and Newbury, from Pickens, Anderson, Abbeville, and 
EdgcflL-Id districts, crosses Lexington district and unites 
with Broad river at Columbia, to form the Congaree. 
760 



SAN 

Saluda Mills, p. o., Newbury district, S. Car. : a mill- 
seat, 43 m. W. by N. Cohimbia. 

Salusga, p. o., Lancaster county, Penn. : 63 m. E. S. E, 
n arris burg. 

Salukia, p. v., Calhoun co., Tex.: on the N. E. end of 
Matagorda island, between Espiritu Santo and M:it:igurda 
bays, 147 m. S. S. E. Austin City. It is a ytning city, and 
one of great promise, having been selected by the directors 
of the San Anttmio and Mexican Gulf R. U. Conii)any as 
the most suitable point for the terminus of their road. •' Tlic 
greater depth of water, and superior advantagi-s as a shel- 
tered harbor for vessels of every class, in all seasons, give it 
claims superior to all other points on Matagorda bay, an<i 
entitle it to be considered, at no distant day, the emporium 
of western Texas." 

Salueia, U. S. collection dist., 7kr. ; on June Sfith, 1S50, 
had a total totmage of 5S9 tons, enrolled and licensed, con- 
ai>ting of 456 tons permanent, 116 tons temporary, and 
17 tons licensed under 20 tons, all employeil in the coasting 
trade, and of which 105 tons were propelled by steauL 
During the preceding year, it had no foreign commerce. 
One vessel was built, a steamer — 106 tons. Its port of entry 
is La Salle. 

Salvisa, p. v., Mercer co., Ky. : between Salt and Ken- 
tucky rivers, ISm. S. Frankfort. Pop. 1.54. 

Samantua, p. 0., Highland county, Ohio : 59 ra. S. S. W. 
Columbus. 

Sammon's Point, p. v., Iroquois co., III. : on the W. bank 
of the Iroquois r., 125 m. N. E. Springfield. The Chicago 
Branch K. R., will pass through this village. 

Samuonsville, p. o., Fulton countyj K. Y. : 47 m. N. W. 
Albany. 

Sampson county, N". Car. Sitimte S. E. centr.illy, and 
contains 604 sq. m. Drained by Black r. and its branches, 
and branches of South r., all being tributaries of Cape Fear 
r. Surface undulating; soil moderately fertile, a large por- 
tion is well adapted to grain and grazing. Chief produc- 
tions, colttm, rice, Indian corn, and potatoes. Farms 94S; 
manuf. 53; dwell. 1,5S2, and pop.— wh. 8,424, fr. col. 476, 
si. 5,6S5— total 14,5S5. Capital: Clinton. 

Sampson, p. o., Darke co., Ohio : S3 m. "W. Columbus. 

Sampsondale, v., Rockland co., aV. 1' ; 93 ro. S. Albany. 
It is a manufacturing village, and contains an extensive 
iron and wire factory, rolling and slitting mills, chemical 
works, etc. 

Sampsonvflle, p. v., Ulster county, iV. }": .* 4S m. S. "W. 
Albany. It contains an extensive tannery, using oak and 
hemlock bark, aHd tanning annually 60.000 sides of solo 
leather, cap. $200,000. This establishment is owned by 
General Pratt, present quartermaster of the State MiliUtry, 
and son of the celebrated Zadock Pratt, of Prattsviile. It 
is a handsome village, containing also 3 saw-mills, 1 grist- 
mill, 2 taverns, a Dutch Reformed Church, about 60 dwell- 
ings, and 4S0 inhabitants. 

Sam's Creek, p. v., Carroll co., Md. : on the E. side of 
Sam's cr., 46 m. N. "W. Anna])0lis. 

San Andreas, v., Calaveras county, Calif. : between the 
N. and S, branches of Calaveras r., 139 m. E. ValUjn. U is 
surroimded by ravines and flats, rich in gold, and well 
atiapted to winter mining. 

San Antonio, p. v., and cap. Bexar co., Tex, : near the 
source of the river so called, 73 m. S, S. W. Austin City, 
hiL 29° 25' 22" N., and long. 9S0 29' 15" "W. It is located on 
both sides of the river, about 20 m, above its junction with 
the Medina, and is one of the oldest towns in North 
America, containing many ancient structures. The Alamo 
in the N. E. part of the t on the left bank of the river, is a 
large oblong walled inclosure, of about an acre in extent, 
once used as a fortress, but now in a ruinous condition. This 
t. is celebrated in history as the scene of several bjiltles.iind 
the Alamo was giilhmlly defended by Col. Travis fi)r two 
weeks. A Unittrd States arsenal is located here, and an 
Ursuliuc convent, and several other Catholic institutions. 



SAN- 



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The Mexican Gulf K. K. will ver^e from this place, and 
connect wilh Saluria^Calhouuco.)- The " Western Tcxian" 
is a weekly issue. Pop. 3,'26S. 

San Antonio river, TeU'. ; is formed by the Medina and 
Salado rivers, in Bexar co., and flows in a S. K. direelinn 
through GoUad and Kefugio co's, and empties into Espirilu 
Santo buy. In its course it receives the Cibolo and Guada- 
loupe rivers, two considerable streams. 

San Antonio Mlssion, Monterey county, Calif.: 1.33 m. 
S. l)y E. Vulk'jo. Tlie lands of lliis mission are princijjidly 
owned by private persuus, and eoiUain some excellent 
vineyards. 

San AuGtsTixE county, Tex. Situate E.. and contains 
042 sq. m. Drained by Ayish bayou antl its aftiueuLs, and 
branches of Attoyac r, which flowa on its weslt-rn border. 
Surface undulating and somewliat elevated ; soil very fertile, 
and produces abundantly, cotton, corn, and potatoes. There 
is some rich prairie hind in the co., and a snnill portion is 
covtT^-d with pine. It contains many minerals, and several 
vaUialile niint-ral springs. Iron ore is abundant, and lead 
is I'oinid in small quantities. There are some quarries of 
excelU-ni limestone. Farms 153; manuf. 14; dwell. 350, 
and poj).— wh. 2,US6, fr. col — , si. 1.5G1— total 3,IJ47. CoiJ- 
ital : San Augustine. 

Sas Auglstine, p. v., and cap. San Augustine eo.. TIw. ; 
on the Ayish l)ayou, near it.s source, and on the old inililary 
post road. 237 m. N. E. Austin City, and is one of the mo.st 
flourishing villages in eastern Texas. It was laid off in 
August. 1S33. and it now contains a court-house, jail, and 
many neat edifices. Being located some distance from 
navigable waters, it possesses few cfmmercial advantages. 
The "lied Sand Herald" is a weekly issue. Inm and lead 
ore is found near here, and there are some valuable min- 
eral springs in the vicinity. Tite country round San Au- 
gustine is very rich, producing cotton, corn, rye, oats, etc., iu 
abundance. 

San liecNARD river Tex. : rises near the source of 
Kedgatis er. < 1" Colorado r., flows S. E. forming the N. E. 
boundary of Colorado and Wharton counties, and passing 
Ihrougli Brazoria CO., empties into theGulf of Mexico, about 
5 m. below tlie mouth of Brazos river. It has several tribu- 
taries, and is navigable f'^r steamboats about 40 miles. 

San Bkenaroino, p. v., I/5S Arigelos co., Calif.: GO rii. 
from Los Angelos City, and 279 m. S. E. Vallejo. The 
valley in which it is situate has a rich soil, and is well 
watered and timbered ; and is noted for its hot springs. 
This place was originally the seat of a mission, but has lately 
been purcltased by the Mormons, who have a considerable 
settlement here. 

San Beunandino mountain, IjOS Angelos co., Calif. : a 
lofty peak, 2sO m. S. E. Vallejo. At its base is a rich and 
beautiful valley. 

Saxkornton, t. and p. v., Belknap co., K. ITavip.: IS m. 
N. Concord. Great bay, and Little bay, and Winnipiscogee r., 
the outlets of the lake so called, form tlie E. and S. E. 
boundary. Drained by the ouUet of Salmon Brook Pond, 
which is in the N. of the t, affording good water-power. 
Surface uneven ; soil fertile and well cultivated. There is a 
gulf here, extending nearly a mile through very hard, rocky 
ground, 3S feet in depth, the walls from SO to 100 feet apart. 
Also a cavern on the hill, which may be entered in a hori- 
zontal direction to a distance of 20 feet. On the lake, at the 
head of Little bay, are the remains of an ancient fori ifl cation, 
in which have been found numbers of Indian relies, iniple- 
meuts, etc. Incorporated in ITTO, ami contains several 
manufactures of woolen and cotton goods, leather, lumber, 
etc. The V. is situated S. of Salmon Brook Pond. Poj>. vi 
t 2,6%. 

Sanoornton Bridge, p. v., Belknap co., K. /Tiimp.: on 
the left itank of Winnipiseogee r., and on the Boston, Con- 
cord, and Montreal K. E., IS ra. N. Concord. 

San Bl-knavestuba river, Santa Barbara county, Oi/if. : 
rises in a mountainous district near the liaucho of Ojai, has 



a X. by W. course of 25 or 30 m. to the sea, which it enters 
near the mission so called, N. of Monterey. The boHnm 
along the stream is very fertile. The mission was <ine of 
the most flourishing in all California. 

San Carlos, or Cakmel, mission, Monterey co,, Cilif. : 
175 m. S. by E. Vallejo. The lands are rich and well culti- 
vated, and there are many flne orchards. Gold and silver 
aro found in the vicinily. 

San ('lemente, v., San Diego co,, Calif. : on the S. K. end 
of the island so called (in the Pacific Ocean), (15 ni. W, San 
Diego, and 2:?S S. S. W. Vallejo; lat. 33:^ 00' N., and long. 
IISO 34' 00" \V. 

San Cosme, p. o.. Rusk co., Ttx.: 219 m. N. E. Austin 
City. 

Sand creek, Tm7. : rises in the centre of Decatur county, 
runs S. W. through Jennings, and falls into the E. fork of 
While r., forming for the last 4 miles Ihc boumiary between 
Barlholomewanrl .Jackson counties. It is about, 50 miles in 
length, and for the greater part is a good inill-.-^tream. Its 
Indian name is Laque-ka-ou-a-nek, which means, "water 
running through sand." 

Sand Bank, p. v., Oswego co.. A' }'. ; on the W. side of 
Salmon river, 133 ni. N. W. Albany. The Waierinwn and 
Borne 11. 11. passes near tlie village. 

Sanuuukg, p. o., Sullivan cuuniy, K. Y.: Tt' m, S. W. 
Albany. 

Sandersville, p. v., and cap. Washington co.. ^V/. .• on 
a branch of the Oconee r,, 25 m. E. Milledgeville. ll con- 
tains a court-house, jail, aca<ieiiiy, and stores. The "t\'n- 
Iral (.Jeorgian" (lit.) is issued weekly. 

Sandkhsville, p. v., Chester district, S. Cn;: ^•:-, miles 
N. by W. Columbia. The King's Mountain 11. U. jia^ses 
•2 ni. E. of this place. 

Sand Flat, v., Yuba co., Calif: on Ihe Ynl-a r., 123 m. 
N. E. Vallejo. Fertile country and g(»od nnniiig. 

Sand Eui:t, p. o., Kusaell county, Ala. : 03 miles E. 
Montgomery. 

Sani'GAte, t. aud p. o., Bennington co., V('n/i. : S4 miles 
S. by W. Montpelier. Surface mountainous and broken. 
Drained by branches of the Battenkill. First settled in 1771. 
The I. contains several mills. The liulland an<l Washing- 
tm U. \l. passes through itsN. W. conier. Poji. ^5n. 

Sa.no Hill, p. o,, Scotland county, Mo. : on N. side o(N. 
Fabius r., 120 m. N. deCferstm City. 

Sa.nu Hills, v. and sta., Hamilton co., 2^^. Ji't:: on the 
Camden and Amboy li. K,, 5S m, S. W. from New York, 
and 20 m. S. E. Trenton. 

gAJiD Hills, p. o., Kusk co., Tex. : 221 m. N. E. Austin 
City. 

San Diego county, Calif Situate S., being Uie extreme 
southcra CO. of the Stale, and contains ab<iut lo,ni)M sq. in. 
It is traversed centrally by the Coast Range of nmunlains, 
aud bounded by the Rio Colorado, and W. by the Pacific, 
along which the coast extends from 32° N. lat. to the mouth 
of Santa Anna river, and including several valuable islamis. 
San Diego bay is a splendid sheet of water, and has excel- 
lent harbors; and there are several other bay.>^ of minor im- 
portance. Its industry is eminently agricultural, wiili some 
commerce, but no mining. Pop. in 1^52, '2.932 ; of which 
537 were whites— 397 males and 140 females; negroes 7; 
drmiesticated Indians, 2,273— 1.249 males and 1,024 females; 
foreign residents, 9S — 91 males and 7 females. Of the citi- 
zens of the Uniled States 274, of the negnx's 7, of Ihe In- 
dians, 2,474; aud of foreigners 90 were adults. Capital: 
San Diego. 

San DiKoo, p. v., and cap. San Diego co., Calif: near 
the S. boundary of Ca!iforui,i, in laL 32° 41' 5>" X., and 
lone. 117^ 13' 25" W., 425 m. S. E. San Francisco, and 455 
from Vallejo. It is on a wide and spaci<ius bay, Ihe S. 
.shore of whu-h is low and sandy. Fr.im the opjx.sitr side a 
narn'W strip of sliini;lc beach projects into the sea, forming 
a natural breakwatt*r. having an entrance of not mi>re than 
300 yards wide, and is, with the exception of Acapuico, the 

7G1 



SAN 



SAN 



finest harbor on the Pacific. The r., which is small, is on a 
plain 8 m. from the anchorage, which is a( the foot of the 
hills just inside Ihe bay, and from which it is scarcely visi- 
ble. It was Ihe first place occupied by the Spaniards in 
Upper CaliToniia. There is a fort in the v., which is occu- 
pied by a U. S. garrison. Coal is found in the vieiuily. 
Population TOO. 

San Dikgo bay, San Diego co., Calif,: makes up fVom 
the Pacific Ocean, 455 miles S. E. Vallejo, and is a good 
harlior. 

Sandiges. p. 0., Amherst co,, Yirg. : 95 m. W. Richmond. 

Sandiskiicld, t. and p. v., Berkshire co., Mass. : lOS miles 
W. by S. Boston. Surface elevated and uneven. Drained 
by Farmingiun river, which forms its E. boundary, and its 
brandies, which afi'ord water-power. Incorp. in 1736; first 
settled in 1 7;^0. The town contains 2 churches, several mills, 
and has woolen factories. Pop. of t. 907. 

Sand Lake, t. and p. v., Rensselaer county, JV! Y. : 9 m. 
E. Albany. Drained by Pocstenkill and Wynantskill creeks, 
and there are several small ponds in the town affunling ex- 
cnllent water-power. Surface billy, but has ferlile soil in 
the valleys. The v. contains manufactories of woolen and 
cotton goods, a furnace, a glass factory, several flouring, 
grist, and saw mills, mechanic shops, etc. Pop. of L 2,55S. 

Sasd Mocntaix, p. o., De Kalb county, Ala. : 149 ra. N. 
Montgomery. 

Sandover, p. 0., Abbeville district, S. Car. : 79 m. "W. 
Columbia. 

Sandown, t. and p. o., Rockingham county, y. Hinnp,: 
27 m. S. E. by S. Concord. Surface uneven ; watered by 
Squamscot r. The inhabitants are chiefly engaged in agri- 
culture, but there are several mills. Pop. 506. 

Sand Pbaiisie. p. v.. Richland co., Wise. : on the N. of the 
Wisconsin r.. 64 m. W. by N. Madison. 

Sand's Mills, p. o., ■Westchester co., 2^. V.: Ill m. S. 
Albany. 

Sand Speing, p. o., "Wood co., Tex. : 173 m. N. E. Austin 
City. 

Saxdtown, p. v.. Campbell co., Ga.: on the Chattahoo- 
chee jr.. S7 m. N. W. Milledgeville. 

Sasdi'sky county, Ohio. Situate N., and contains 45S 
sq. m. Sandusky r. passes through it centrally, by which 
and its branches, and by Portage r., it is drained. Surface 
level, and in parts very low ; soil generally fertile. Agri- 
culture is the leading pursuit. Pork and beef are exported 
in large quantities. Farms 1,391 ; manuf. 57 ; dwell. 2,437, 
and poi). — wh. 14,257, fr. col. 4S— totiil 14,305. Capital: 
f remnnU Public Wor/cs : Toledo, Norwalk, and Cleve- 
land R. R. ; Mad River and Lake Erie R. R. (direct line). 

Sandusky, p. v., Cattaraugus county, N. Y. : on a fork of 
Cattaraugus cr., 244 ra. W. by S. Albany. 

Sandl'sky City, p. v., port of entry, and cap. Erie co., 
Ohio: on the S. side of the bay so called, frbnting the open- 
ing into, and 3 m. from, Lake Erie, N. J E. Columbus. The 
V. is based on an extensive quarry of excellent slone, which 
has been used to a great extent as a building material in the 
city, as well as an article of export to other places. The 
ground on whicli the v. is built has a gradual rise from the 
water for about half a mile, thereby affording a fine view of 
the lake. The wharves are substantial and commodious, and, 
with the exception of a short tune in the winter season, are 
thronged with steamboats and other lake vessels arriving 
and departing with travelers and nurchandise. There are 
ship-yards situated here, at which vessels and steamboats 
are built to a considerable extent. It is connected with 
Cincinnati by the Mad River and Lake Erie R. R. 218 
miles, and to Newark by the Sandusky, Mansfield, and 
Newark R. R. 116 miles distant, by which means a heavy 
tr:insport;ilii>n business is carried on with the interior and 
tlie t Hiio river. Other roads are projected, and will ere long 
be buiil. as the Lake Shore line, etc. 

From a ilelailed statement of Ihe commerce of the port of 
Sandusky, and other places in the district, published in the 
T62 



" Commercial Reporter," the following statistics arc com- 
piled, which exhibit a large increase in the business of 1S52 
as compared with that of 1S51 : 

COMMZECE OF eAXDUSKY CITT. 
ImporU. Ex|iorta. Total Commerce, 

1852 $40,S96.0S5 $1S,7S9,S14 ^59,CS5.S99 

1S51 13,917,564 4,7.!.5,729 18,673,293 



Increase. $26,978,521 $14,034,085 $41,012,606 

COMMEKCE OF OTHER PORTS OF DISTRICT. 

Imports. Exports. Tutul Commerce. 

1 852 $4,176,321 $ 1 ,237.267 $5,413,5SS 

1851 1,411,918 1,160,153 2,572,071 



Increase. .$2,764,403 $77,114 $2,841,517 



1S52. 
1851. 



TOTAL OP SANDUSKY DISTRICT 
Imports. Exports. Total Commerce. 

. . $45,072,406 $20,027.051 $65,099,4^7 

.. 16,329.4S2 5,915,852 21.245.364 



Increase. $29,742,924 $14,11 1,199 $43,554,123 

To account in part for this great increase, it is proper to 
state, that tlie exhibit of the commerce for 1S51 did not in- 
clude money packages by express, which are included in 
that of 1852. 

The number of arrivals and departures for the same year, 
comparatively, were as follows: 

Arrivals. Depurtures. Total. 

1852 3,242 3.250 6.4!12 

1S5I 1,993 1.990 3.995 



Increase 1,244 1,260 . 



. 2,494 



The Sandusky District extends from Black river to Port 
Clinton, and has a coast line of 50 miles. Tlie shipping 
places are Vermilion, Huron, and Port Clinton on the lake, 
the city of Sandusky, and Seneca within Sandusky bay, 
and Fremont, 36 miles up Sandusky river. The shipping 
owned in the district in 1S50 was 7,32S tons. The port has 
also some small intercourse with the British provinces. 

Sandusky was originally laid out in 1S17 by two gentle- 
men from Connecticut, and the first dwelling erected in the 
fall of that year. The first church was built in 1830. It 
now contains the county court-house, jail, and other public 
buildings, several churches, an academy built of stone, three 
stories high, a large number of 8ti>res. several commission 
houses, extensive machine shops, at which are manufactured 
iron for railroad cars; two banks, printing-offices, hotels, 
and other establishments. A short distance back from the 
bay is a public square, around which are the principal pub- 
lic buildings and churches. On the whole, Sandusky is a 
well-planned and flourishing city, and rapidly increasing in 
importance. There are five papers published here, the *' S. 
Mirror," (tlem.) daily and weekly, '"Commercial Register" 
(com,) daily, "S. Clarion," weekly (whig), " D:nly Sau- 
diiskian" daily (whig), and "The Gleaner'' monthly (neut.) 
Pop. 5,058, which includes Portland. 

Sandtsky river and bay, Ohio; the river rises in Rich- 
land and Crawford counties, fiows E. into "Wyandrjt county, 
thence N. by meandering course into Sandusky bay. It is 
90 m. long, and though .n rapid stream, afi'nrds good navi- 
gation at high water. In Crawford co. it is oidy 4 miles dis- 
tant from a Lead branch of Scioto r. The bay is about 16 
m. long, and its average width 8^ miles. It communicates 
with Lake Erie by a narrow strait, 

SANDWirn, t and p. v., Barnst:il>le county, 3fass. : on the 
isthmus of Cape Cod, between Buzzard's and Cape Cod 
bays. Lat. (1st Cong, cli.) 4I0 45' 31" N., long. 7(1° SO' 13" 
W. The V. on Cape Cod bay contains 4 churches, an acad- 
emy, and a very large ghiss factory, producing annually 
$3uu.00(i worth of very superior glass. Here terminates the 
Cape C(.d Branch R. R. from Middleboro' on the Fall River 
R. R., 2S m. ; distance by railroad fVom Boston GS ui. Tho 



SAN 



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"Sandwich Observer" (neut.) is issued wn-kly. In Ihe I. 
there are ihree other v., and in il a eonsidt-ratjle (juantity of 
salt 13 annually manufactured. Pup, of t. in 1S40, 3,719; 
in ISoO, 4,308. 

Sandwich, t. and p. o.. Carrnll co.. X. H.imp. .- 46 ni. N. 
Concdrd. Surface uneven and nmuiitainnus, with some 
fertile soil. Watered by IJeareamp r., flowing into Ossipee 
lake and other streams. Squani lake lies partly in il3 S. E. 
corner, and in its N. part commences Sandwich M<juntain. 
Chartered in 1TG3. It contains numerous mills of various 
kinds, and several tanneries. Pop. '2.5TT. 

Sandy, p. o., Columbiana county, Ohio: 1'21 m. E. N. E. 
Columbus. 

Sandy, p. o., Jackson co., Vifj. : near Big Saudy creek, 
247 m. W. N. W. Pachmond. 

Sandy river, Me. : rises in Franklin co., flows S. E. until 
it reaches Farniington Falls v., when it takes a N. E. course 
until it empties into Kennebec r., in Stark's t., Somerset co. 
It is about 45 m. long, has several branches, aud affords 
excellent water-power. 

Sandy river, ^Irg. amA Kij. : rises in Tazewell co..and 
receives numerous head branches. It flows in general 
N. N. "W. course, and thnnigh its greater portion forms 
about one-half of the boundary between VirgiTiia aud Ken- 
tucky. It enters the Olilu r., at Carleishur;?, Ky., by a 
nioulh loo yards wide. It is navigable fur batteaux 50 ni. 
fn>in its mouth. Its principal tributary is the West fork, 
■which it receives at Louisa, Ky. 

Sandy Borroir, p. o., Middlesex county, Virg. : 41 m. E. 
Eichmnnd. 

Sandy Bridge, p. v., Carroll co., Ttnu. : on Big Sandy r., 
S3 m. W. Nashville. 

Sandy Creek, t., p. v., and sta., Oswego co., I^. Y.: on 
Lake Ontario, 133 m. N. W. Albany. Drained by Little 
Sandy cr,, and other small streams flowing into the lake. 
Surface undulating: soil fertile. It contains a furnace, 
mills, etc. The v. is on the Watertown and Rome K. R., 
47 m. N. W. Rome, and has limited manufactures. Pop. 
of 1. 2.45G. 

Sandy Creek, p. o., Randolph co., K. Cur.: on a stream 
80 called, 55 m. W. Raleigh. 

Sandy Creek, t, Mercer co., Penn.: ISO m. N. W. 
Harrisburg. Itcontains numerous saw and othermitls, with 
several tanneries and distilleries. Pop. 1,100. 

Sandy Foltndation, p. o., Lenoir co,, iV". Cti)'.: 67 m. 
S. E. Raleigh. 

Sandy Gkove, p. v., Chatham county, K. Car,: on one 
of the head branches of Rocky river, 51 m. W. by N. 
Ealeigh. 

Sandy Hill, p. v., Worcester co., Md.: on a creek of 
Chincoleague bay, SG m. S. E. Annapolis. 

Sandy IIiLr., p. v., and cap. Washington co., N. Y. : on 
the left bank of the Hudson r., 46 m. N. by E. Albany, and 
contains court-house and other county offices, etc. It is 
located on an elevation, was incorporated in ISIO, and is 
well laid out, the streets inclosing a triangular area in the 
centre. In its upper part is a fall of VI feet in the r., ixdow 
which — distant about \W) rods — is Baker's Falls, with an 
almost perpendicular fall of 50 feet, producing immense 
Lyilraulic power, which is much imi)roved by a number of 
mills and manufactories. Glenn's Falls, feeder of the Cham- 
plain Canal, passes through, and the Saratoga and Wash- 
ington R. R. near the place. The "Sandy Ilill Herald" 
(dem.), and Washington Telegraph" (whig) are weekly 
issues. This village is noted for its " stated preachings," of 
which B. F. Butler is the historian, 

Sandy Hook, X. Jer.: is a sandy beach, extending N. 
from Old Shrewsbury inlet, and the S. point of llie highlands 
of Neversink. It is G m. long, has an average width of 
J m.. and is of note from its proximity to Xew York bay. 
A lighthouse is here erected, and a floating liglit, with 
beacons, is stationed off the coast. 
gA.Ki'y Hook, p. v., Uarford co., JM. : on Deer cr, 45 m. 



N. Annapolis. The vicinity has excellent farm lands, and 
is being improved rapidly; and on Ihe creek thi-re is 
abundance of fine stone, of which the houses are mtjstly 
built. Pop. 160. 

Sandy Lakk, t. and p. o„ Merrer co., P'vni.: 1S9 m. 
N. W. llarrisburg. Drained by Sandy cr., which fio\\sinlo 
the lake so ealle<l, in N. W. part of I. Surface even, with 
a protluetive soil. It contains a fiirnaoe, several mills, etc. 

S.vNUY Level, p. o., Pittsylvania co.. Vhr/. : 120 m. S. W. 
Richnionil. 

Sandy Plains, p. o.. Rutlu-rford co., .V. C<ir.: on Iha S. 
tide of Whit.' 0;ik er., n7 in. W. S. W. Raleigh. 

Sandy Point, Anne Arimdi_-1 co.. .!/•/. .■ a cape of Chesa- 
peake bay, opposite Kent Inland. The bay is here at its 
narrowest dimensions. 

Sandy Point, sta.. Prince William county, Yirfj. : on 
Washington and Wilmington R. R. route, 40 m. from Wash- 
ington, etc. 

Sandy Ridge, p. v., Lownles co., Ala. : at the source of 
Big Swamp cr., 27 m. S. by W. Monlgomery. 

Sandy Ridue, p. v., Henry cu., Ga. : 55 m. W. N, W. 
Milledgeville. 

Sandy Ridge, p. o., Steuben co., Ind.: 139 m, N. E. 
Indianapolis. 

Sandy River, p. v., Pittsylvania co., Yirg.: at the head 
waters of a stream, so oatled, 126 m. S. W. Richmond. 

Sandy Run, p. o., Cleveland co., N. Car. : on a creek so 
called, 163 m. W. S. W. Ral.-igh. 

Sandy Run, p. v., Lexington ilist., S. Car. : on the S. side 
of a small stream so called. 15 m. S. by E. Columbia. 

Sandy Spring, p. v., Montgomery co., JA/. .■ in the hilly 
region, W. of Patuxent r.. 30 m. N. W. Annapolis. 

Sandy Spring, p. o., Fayette co., Tenn. : 16^5 m. S. W. 
Nashville. 

Sanuyvili-e, p. v., Tuscarawas co., Ohio: on Sandy cr.. 
and on the line of the Sandy and Beaver Canal, 9ij m. N. E. 
Columbus. Pop. 223. 

San Eleazario, p. v., El Pa.so co., Tex. : on the Rio 
Grande, 5*25 m. W. by N. Austin City. 

San Felipe, p. v., Austin co., Tex.: the county seat, and 
formerly the capital of the Brazos jurisriielion, on the W. 
bank of the Brazos r., and on the border of an extensive 
prairie, 102 ra. E. by S. Austin City. 

Sanford, t. and p, v., York co., Me. : $2 m. S. W. by S. 
Augusta. Watered by Mousum r., which affords water- 
power, improved by several large factories. The York an<l 
Cumberland li. R. will pass through the t. Pop. of t. 2,330. 

Sanford, p. o., Ingham co., Mieh. 

Sanford, t. and p. o., Broome co., N. Y. : 07 ra. S. W. 
Albany. Drained by tributaries of the Delaware r. Sur- 
face hilly, in parts mountainous; soil best adapted to graz- 
ing. Il has several inanufactorie.>(, mills, etc. Tlie Erie 
R. R. passes through the t., on which is Summit station, 
194 m. from New York. Pop. of t. 2,5llS. 

Sanford's CoitNEES, p. o., Jefll-rson co., K Y. : 114 ra. 
N. W. Albany. 

San Francisco county, Calif. Situate W. middle, and 
contains 400 sq. m. It occupies a peninsula between the 
Bay of San Francisco and the Pacific Ocean. Drained by 
several creeks flowing into the bay ; and the surface some- 
what hilly, with fertile valleys. San FranciMiuita creek 
divides it from Santa Clara county. Gold in small quan- 
tities has been found in this creek, which rises in the Sierra 
Moreno, or Brown .Mountains, running along the coast, and 
in some places 2,000 feel high, afl'ording protection to the 
valley from the coast winds. Coal has been discovered in 
the county, and there is excellent red wood in several local- 
ities. Soil rich an*! productive, and agricultural resources 
great, but undeveloped. Assessed value of property 
$17,794,711. Pop. in Kj2. 86. l.M— whites S5,531. negroes 
323. mulailoes 141, Indians 159. and of the whites 19.303 are 
foreign residents— 34,>*76 in the city. Cajatul : San Fran- 
cisco. 

703 



SAN 



SAX 



San FRANcisro, p. cily, port of entry, and cap. San Fran- 
cisco CO., < 'iil'if. : on a narrow neck f»f land between the bay 
of the same name and the Pacific Ocean, frontin'r eastward 
on llie b;iy. and having the ocean five niilt'S on the west. 
Laf.oflhe Presidio, 3"° 47' 85" N.. and long. 122° 26' 15' W. 

Tlie year that gave birth to Ihe great Western Uepublic 
on the Atlantic shore also witnessed the first permanent set- 
tlement on the coast of CaUfornia. In 1776. two Catholic 
mi^sionaries — Francisco Palon and Benitii Cambnn — landed 
on the Hay nf j^:in Francisco, and pniceeded to establish a 
cenlral ]ioint for their operations in civilizing and C'hristian- 
izing the native tribes. Finding a fertile tract, capable of 
irrigation, near 2 m. S. of the present city, they chose that 
for ili'.ir home, and founded the Mission Dolores, a name 
comniemoralive of the sufferings of the Virgin. The mis- 
sions of Snn Jos6, Santa Clara, San Rapliai^l, and others, 
were established subsequently, and were dependent on tlial 
of San Francisco. On the present site of the city a few 
houses were erected about the same time. This sclUement 
was called Yerlja Buena — " good herb," because a herb of 
that name, reputed medicinal and sometimes used as a sub- 
stitute fnr Chinese tea, was found in abundance on the sur- 
roundini; hills. The town retaine<i this name until occupied 
by the Americans. All the buildings were of adobes. The 
presidio, three miles W. of the town, and near the entrance 
of the bay, was built about the same lime fur government 
purposes. Soon after its organizalii>n Ihe mission llourislied 
rapidly; the Indians learned to repose confidence in the 
padres, and embraced with avidity the new religion and 
many of the arts of civilization; they lived in small com- 
munities, and were occupied in tilling the earth and other 
emplnymeuts under the direction of the missionaries. Some 
idea of tlie extent of the operalions of llie padres may be 
formed from the fact that there belonged lo tlie mission at 
one period 20.000 head of catlle. 8,(H)() Imrses, and SO.OOO 
sheep. In ISIO the number of Christian baptisms had 
reached 3.S96. and in 1S31, the period of greatest prosperity, 
Uie whole number had amounted to G,sS3. From this date the 
mission declined, and the Indians were ririven off by poliiie:d 
disturbances. From 1S31 to ISW the number of bai)tisius 
was only 4GS. Of the entire list, it is computed that nine- 
tenths were Indians, and the remainder Californians or im- 
migrants and tJieir descendants, principally from Mexico. 
Ill the mean time the town was slowly increasing, some im- 
portance being attached to it in consequence of Ihe hides 
and tallow which it exported. In lS3i» it was laid out as a 
town by C;tpt:iin J<ihn Tioget. the few houses being pre- 
viously siMiiereil without regularity. In lS4o it contained 
150 inhabitants. About this time it began to attract the al- 
tenliou nf snme adventurous Americans, and the population 
inere:ise<l in two years to nearly Sim. It was, iu fact, an 
Americ:iu settlement long before it fell a coiujuest to the 
United States. 

The bay on which the city stamls extends S. of it some 
5o'm. parallel with the sea, from whieh it is only separated 
by a narrow strip of land, varying from 5 to 2") m. in breadth. 
The city is on the extreme point of this peninsula. Its site 
is handsome and commanding, being on an inclined plane 
half a mile in extent from the water's edge to the hills in 
the rear. Two points of land — Clark's Point on the N.,aud 
Fvincon Point on the S., one mile apart— project into the 
bay, forming a crescent between them, whuh is the water 
front of the city, and which has already been filled in and 
covered with Imildings for the extent nf Iialf a mile. Tliose 
points and tho lofty hdls, N. and W., upon which Ihe 
cily is rapidly climbing, afford a most extensive and pic- 
turesque view of the surrounding country. Standing on 
Telegraph Hill, to the N. of Ihe city, and looking E., the 
spectator sees the spacious bay, S m. in width, crowded 
with ships of all nations, and the fertile coast of Contra 
Costa beyond, with its new city of Oakland, behind which 
rises hill on hill, to the red wood forests on the summits — 
towering "vtr the rest, the conical peak of Mount Diabolo, 
7« 



at a distance of 80 m. To the N. is the entrance from the 
ocean, and Saucilito. 6 m. distant, at Ihe foot of the opposite 
hills. The northern arm of the bay also stretches away till 
lost in the dislance, studded with smoking steamers on their 
way to the numerous points on the Sacramento and San 
Joaquin rivers. To the S. is the busy city, the Mission 
Dolores, the southern arm of the bay lost in the horizon, 
and the dim, distant coast-range running parallel on the K. 
Facing W. is seen the narrow strait through which the rest- 
less ocean ebbs and flows, and into which the se:i-lireeze 
sweeps daily with its chilling but purifying mists — the 
Golden Gate, the Presidio, the fort, and the great ocean 
beyond. 

The Bay of San Francisco, says Fremont, has been cele- 
brated, from the time of its first discovery, as one of thy finest 
in the world, and is justly entitled to that character, even 
under the seaman's view of a mere harbor. But when all 
the accessary advantages which belong to it— fertile and 
picturesque dependent country ; mildness and salubrity of 
climate; connection with the great interior Valley of the 
Sacramento and San Joaquin ; its vast resources for ship- 
timber, grain, and cattle — when these advantages are all 
taken into account, with iLs geographical position on the 
line of communication with Asia, it rises into an imporlance 
far above that of a mere harbor, and deserves a particular 
notice in any account of maritime California. Itslaliludin;il 
position is that of Lisbon ; its climate is that of Southern 
Italy ; settlements upon it for more than lialf a century at- 
test its healthiness ; bold shores and mountains L'ive it 
grandeur; the extent and fertility of its dependent country 
give it great resources for agriculture, commerce, and pop- 
ulation. {See article California.) 

The city, as it now exists, is regularly laid out into streets 
and squares, and contains a vast number of wbole^iale and 
and retail stores, well built, many of brick, and in its public 
buildings is not behind the majority of Atlantic cities in 
point of architecture and ornament. All is being built on a 
magnificent scale commensurate with the greatness of the 
golden lands of which it is the commercial depfit. lis faejl- 
ities for shipidng are excellent, and its anchorage siife and 
commodious. It would, however, be useless to describe 
such a place; its daily progress and general advancement 
render such an attempt nugatorj*, as a deseriiilion of to-dny 
would give but a poor idea of its c(mdition on the morrow. 
To sum up its past and give its latest statistical returns 
is all that can be required. The cily is governed by a 
mayor, aldermen, and recorder, and has various municipal 
courts, in which justice is regularly dispensed. The streets 
wliieh so lately were mere sand-tracks, are imw paved and 
lighted, and in regard of its police an unparalleled efficiency 
is maintained. There are many things in San Francisco» 
however, which would n<jt be tolerated in New Kngland : it 
has its gaming houses and swindling shops of every <iegrec, 
and many of its hotels are absolute hells ; but these are the 
incidents of its peculiar situation. The receptacle of tho 
" fast men" of all countries, and the threadbare eharaclers 
of the Atlantic States, it is only wonderful that it is not 
worse than it really is said to be. But this position of :if- 
fairs can only be temporary, and will be gradually removed 
as a permanent population is attained. 

The corporation of San Francisco consists of a mayor, 
recorder, marshal, coiitri>ller, treasurer, tax collector, city 
attorney, street commissioner, three county assessors, county 
justice, constable, eight aldermen, and eight assistant .alder- 
men. The police force consists of a captain, assistant cap- 
tain, and thirty-two men. Several of the heavy mercantile 
houses emi)loy special ijolicemen, maintained at their own 
expense, but clothed with authority by the mayor and mar- 
shal. The health department levies (me dolbtr from each 
passenger landing by sea, which entitles the sick to admis- 
sion into the City Hospital free of charge for the subsequent 
six months. 

The general condition of the city in 1S52 may be gathered 



SAN 



SAN 



from Ilie Slate census of that year, and uIIilt returns rcfur- 
rin<? to otlu-r late periods. 

Total population— 34.S76 ; of whieli 34,320 were wliites — 
29,16G males, and 5,154 females; 812 were negroes — 261) 
males, and 52 females; 132 were mulattnes — 99 m,ales, and 
83 females; 12 domesticated Indians — 6 males, and 6 fe- 
males. Persons over 21 years of age— Americans, 11,371, 



nignies, i75, mulaltoes, 103, and foreigners, 15.937. Tlic 
total number of foreigners was 1S,S54, of which 16,144 \vere 
males, and 2,710 females. 

I;itatement showing the national character, nnmber, and 
tonnage of vessels wliich arrived at t?an Frajieiseo dtiriiig 
the year ending 31st December, 1552, and the countries 
whence they came : 



Coiintrie.t of 
Di-ltiirtiire. C 

U.S.raeiflc Ports.... 183 ... 

N. America 5 

Mexico 23 .... 

Central America -36 

New (iianada 64 . . . , 

Peru S .... 

Chili 17 .... 

Society Islanils 32 — 

Satulwich Islands.... 31 .... 
Other Pacitle Ports... 12 .... 

Philippines — 

China 21 .... 

E.ist Imlies 1 .... 

Australia 5 

France 1 

Spain — 

Belgium — — 

Uollan.l — . . . . 

II ansc Towns — 

Portugal — — 

Great Britain — 

U. 9. Atlantic Ports ..152 .... 
All other Countries. . . 2 

Total 594 ... 



nnlUli, 



Otlier Cnuntries. 



Tnul 



78.721 

9S1 , 

4,SIW . 
22.OS0 

6S.24S , 
1.671 

6.00,3 , 

3.922 . 

6.65i . 

3,.599 . 

11.627 . 

197 . 

1.532 . 

309 . 



123.770 
271 

317,202 



23 .. 
1 .. 



551 
CSl 
201 



).435 . 
370 



432 

990 
.. 1,214 

504 
.. 2,114 

.. 10.SS3 

510 



i,563 

4 S3 



2 .300 

3S .... 17.1 9S 



47 
5 
5 
6 

69 



6,517 . 
1,029 
1,150 , 
1,0.S3 
1S.025 , 
4v2 . 
3.502 

905 
",0S0 . 

116 . 

420 . 

lOS 
2.405 
1,US7 

OSO 
1,I*S 

956 



1S4 
13 



15 
1U5 
.30 
63 
12 

•2 
92 

1 



1 
1 
5 

S 

40 

152 
6 



30 



.11,531 



69,106 ....200 



46,316 



Tons. 

... 74,1.53 

.. 1,971 

.. 13,085 

... 23.073 

. . 62.193 

. . . 2,7.54 

... 33,015 

. . . 6,2.51) 

. . . 9,730 

, . . 3,599 

9C5 

. . 47.204 

107 

. .. 7,211 

... 10,652 

370 

168 

. . . 2.105 

... 1,081 

9m) 

. .. 18,286 

...123.770 

. .. 1.227 

...444,515 



The following table, taken from //>/«(■«'■ Merchants' \rag- 
aziiie"' lor May, 1S53. though iliffering somewliat from the 
above, will nevertheless be most valuable on account of it3 
showing the character of the shipping, both entered and 
cleared, at the port: 

ENTF.-\>-CE5, 1S52. 



ClLiracttT. 



Tori! 



Steamers. 57. 40,046 
Ships ....139.119.0,55. 

Barks 53. 17,686. 

Brigs.... 64. 11.221. 
Schooners 20. 2.733. 



fniKi foreign poru. 
Atneri.iui. Forei:ni. Tonl. 

No. long. So. ions No, Tons 

.69. .72.441. 1.. 3S9.. 127. 118.876 
.23. .16.275. 93. ..52.3^2. .260.187,712 
.33.. 10,279. 141.. 61,544.. 237. 79,8 9 
.64. .11,283.112. .19,732. .24'1. 42.236 
..53.. 0.660. 00.. 6,392.. 139. 16,321 



Total . .-'Ai 196,7^1 252 116,944 407 131,289 1,003 445,014 



Cliuracter. 

Steamers 
Ships . .. 
Barks. . . 
Brigs . . . 



CLEAR.\NCES, 1352. 

AnipriMn, For foreign ports, 

ro.islwi^e. American. Foreign. 
No. Tons. Ko. Tons. .\o. ions. 

. 90. 57,75.3. 60. 6S,511. 2.. 773 
22. 18,7.39.141.112.1.35. 93.. .51.423 
IS. 12,170. 74. 21.303. 134.. .52,577. 
92. 15,416. 64. 11.625.107. .18.477 



Total. 
Nn. Tons. 

.1.53.127,047 

.2,56.132,.302 

.2.56. S6.015 

.203. 4.5.61S 



Sdiooners453. 29,424. 46. 6,545. 59.. 0,723. ..5.53. 41,657 



Total ..705 133,507 391 219,641 405 129,9331,491 433,139 

The following are the statistics of the arrivals from East- 
ern dotneslic ports during tlic year, with the poi-ts from 
which they sailed, the tonnage, etc. : 

Wlience. Vessels. Tons. Av. passs.^e. 



Boston. M;iss 

New Vork. N.T... 
Philadelphia. Pa... 
Baltimore. Md 


.. 4T.... 
.. 99.... 
.. 7.... 

. 6.... 
.. 1.... 

. 1.... 
.. 3... 


... 84.241.... 
... 83,339.... 
... 2.S39.... 
... 1,390.... 
190 


14H day 

... 1.50 « 
... 161 " 
... 179 " 
... 1.56 " 


New London, Ct. .. 
Iliehmond, Ya . 


... 1.35.... 
... 2,007.... 


... 135 " 
... 1.59J " 



Ves. 
6.. 



The arrivals during 
as lliUows; 

Mon;lis. 

Jan. 

Fcl>... 8. 

7. 
13. 
11. 

3. 



the difTerenl months of the year were 



.Mar... 
April . 
May.. 
.Tune. . 



Tons. . 

5.941. 
S.23S. 
4,.557. 
10,267. 
7,695. 
2,864. 



,-. days. 

140 

im 

l:)2 
137i 
149 
129 



Months. Ves. 

July.. IS. 
Aug,. 17. 
Sept. . 18. 
Oct. ..27. 
Nov. . 22 . 
Dec. . IS. 



14,4;!9. 
12,124. 
1(1.622. 
19.441 . 
1.5.'s77. 
12,235. 



UOi 

1431 

156i 

160J 

161 

1534 



The twelve shortest passages of the year were as follows : 

Nsme. Ffofo. Dateofarr. Dajs. 



New York . 



8word Fish New York 

Flying Fish Boston . . . 

BtatTordshire " 

St)v. of the Seas. 

Comet 

Wd.l I'igc.n.... 
John Kerlr.Ttn .. 
Shooting .'itar... 

Celestial 

Courier Boston ... 

Eclipse New York 

Sea Witch " 



Boston . 



New York.. 



.Feb. 10.. 
. ■' 15.. 
.Aug. 13.. 
.N.IV.15.. 
..J.an. 13.. 
. . " 28 . . 
,.Mar.26.. 
.Aug. 17.. 
.Feb. 17.. 
. .Ap. 53.. 



92 

93 

101 

103 
104 
1114 
105 
105 
107 
103 
103 
10.3 



" Dec. 9... 

The number of passengers arriving and plcaring by sea 
at San Francisco, during the year ending 23th Dee., 1S52, 
was as follows: 

Pjissen^era. 'Arriving. Clearing. 

Males" 67.316 22,554 

Females 5,223 300 

Children 1.051 2 

Total 64,191) 22,946 

—excess of arriv.als 41 .241. The arrivals overland and at 
other ports may be set down at 10,000, which would give to 
the Slate an increase of upward of 50,000 in the year, irre- 
spective of natural increase. 

76c 



SAN 

Subjoined is a statement of tlic numtier of vessels wliich 
have sailed from the Atlantic Stales for California, each 
month, since the discovery of gold. 
M,.„ii, 1948. isw. i«""- '»" I*''-- 

.Tanuarv - 83 83 2G 14 

J.Vl,n.arv - M S.S 11 20 

March .■ - M 109 IS 24 

April - 21 69 8 " 

Mav - 2S 3S 4 23 

.)mc - 84 33 5 2S 

Jnly - 42 25 6 15 

August - 50 20 4 27 

S^eptemlier - 40 2:5 4 31 

October 3 T4 87 10 34 

November 6 105 « ^* 2C 

December 11 SO 21 11 — 



Total. 



. 20 



67S 



6S6 



121 



222 



. The amount of gold dust shipped by steamers from the port 
of San Francisco, during the year ending :JIst December, 
1S52, was, according to a table carefully prepared by Adams 
.& Co., $45,5ST,803 ; of which *39,00T,307 was destined for 
New York, $470,78:3 for New Orleans. .^6,020,027 for Lon- 
don, $40,000 for Panama, and $4:3,020 for San Juan. The 
shipments for the several months were. $2,905,770 for .Tanu- 
ary $1,770,122 for February, $2,173,304 f.ir March, $3,467,293 
for April, $5,470,923 fur May, $3,570,200 for June, $4,119,5n9 
for July, $3,019,929 for August, $4,108,630 for September, 
$5,O07,:3^e for October, $5,253,499 for November, $4,056,172 
for December. 

The amount of gold dust manifested and shipped by sad- 
ing vessels during the same time was $213,518; of which 
$97,907 was sent to Valparaiso, $22,011 to Hong Kong, 
$47,000 to Canton, $7,000 to Shanghao, and $39,000 to porta 
in China. 

The amount of coin manifested during tlie same time 
was $4.15.2.^3; of which $185,061 was shipped to Iloug 
Kon2. $12,000 to Whampoa, $25,000 to Sbanghae, $75,850 
to ports in Cliina, $32,4:32 to Valparaiso, $49,850 to Manilla, 
$4,000 to I'unta Arenas, and $71,000 to Honolulu. 

The total amount of gold dust and coin manifested and 
shipped on board steamers and sailing vessels during the 
vcar 1352 was $46,256,574. This, of course, does not show 
all the gold dust exported during the year, as many vessels 
are in tlie habit of taking large amounts abroad witlioul 
noting them on their manifests. To obtain the actual export 
it would be necessary to add these unknown shipments, and 
also an estimate for the amount taken away in the hands of 
passengers. This last may safely be put down for the year 
at $10.01 10,000, showing a total export of gold from California 
during the year 1352 of about $56,000,000. 

The history of San Francisco since the American occu- 
pancy, is full of interest and instruction. Within the brief 
space of 5 or G years, it has risen from a comparatively 
small village, to a mighty city, eomm.anding the trade of the 
world, a.urihe destined port of a large moving population. 
Tlic war with Mexico, which broke out iii 1846, gave a first 
impulse to its commerce, by requiring the shipment of sup- 
plies for military purposes. In March, 1347, there were in 
the harbor the extraordinary number i>f six vessels— the 
imports fir the last quarter of that year atTUiunteil to $49,0oo, 
and the exports to $53,000. At this period, the number of 
inh:ibil:inl.s, exclusive of Indians, was 375. Eight months 
later when a census was taken by the Board of School 
Trustees, the number exceeded SOO, of which 00 were ot 
scliobistic age. Tills increase of more than 100 per cent, in 
eight months, took place before the discovery of gold, and 
wiien California was sought merely for agricuUural and 
commercial juirposes. Tlie first school-house was completed 
in Dec., 1347, and the town council passed a resolution, that 
'■ not exceeding $400 be appropriated to the jiaymenl of the 
teacher of the public school of this place, $200 to be paid at 
the expiriition of the first six mouths, and $200 to be paid 
766 



SAN 

at the expiration of twelve months, from the commencement 
of the school. This was the day of sraaU things. Gold was 
a scarce article, except as a hidden treasure. The (irst 
American school in California was duly opened on Monday, 
3d April, 1343. It appears that the early settlers were bent 
on reducing the town to the order and decorum of some 
Atlantic cities. Oniinances were passed in 1847 imposing 
a line of $5 on any person allowing hogs to run at large, 
and a fine of $20 on any person discharging llrc-arms 
within a mile of the public square. C»mplaint8 wcfrc even 
made in the newspaper, against the practice of smoking 
cigars in the magistrates' office and other public phici«. la 
January, 1347, an ordinance was published, directing that 
the name of Verba Buena, as ajiplied to the town, be changed 
to San Francisco, in all public documents and recor.ls. On 
the 13th Sept., the first election was held, for six members 
of council. The number of votes polled was 200. The 
*' steamboat" made its experimental trip on the 15th Nov. 
of that year. This pioneer in steam navigation was a 
diminutive vessel, the name of which is not given. In 
April, 1347, a semi-monlhly mail wiis established to San 
Diego and other southward points. On the Ist of April next 
year, the "California Sliif F.xpress" left by the overland 
route. This formidable enterprise, the first regular convey- 
ance to the States, was announced to go through, as far as 
Independence, in GO days. The postage on a letter was 
50 cents. Early in 1S4S, an excitement appears to have 
taken hold of the public mind, in regard to the supposed 
mineral treasures of the country ; but it is worthy of remark, 
that gold was the metal least thought of. The quicksilver 
mines near San Jose had long been known and worked. 
Copper was discovered somewhere, saltpetre and sulphur 
also, a quarry of limestone was opened, and coal had been 
found near San Francisco. Silver it was said had also been 
discovered. To this metal, indeed, more llian any other, 
was expectation directed, and people seemed to have an 
idea that the land was underlaid with silver ore. The first 
discovery of gold was made near Sutter's Fort, 30 miles from 
New Helvetia, in Dec., 1347, and by tlie ensuing spring, the 
" yellow fever" as it was facetiously called, had carried off 
the greater part of the population. Stores were closed, and 
houses left tenanlless, and every thing wore a desolate ami 
sombre look. Lawyers, merchants, grocers, carpenters, and 
cooks, rushed in one motley assemblage to the mines. The 
newspapers ceased their issues. This suspension of trade 
and business, however, was soon succeeded by the most 
extraordinary activity. Adventurers from all nations, and 
merchandise of all kinds began to pour into the town, on its 
way to the mining regions. The fors.aken buildings re- 
ceived a now tenantry, and the store-houses were in demand 
for mercantile purposes. In August, emigrants began to 
arrive at the rate of 600 a month, and in the middle of 
September, the harbor is described as crowded with shi])- 
ping, the wharf lined with goods, and the streets filled with a 
busy throng. In the first two months of the golden age, the 
amount of dust brought into San Francisco was estimated 
at $250,000 ; and in the next two months, at $000,000, In 
Sept., 1848, an era took place in the hisbiry of the city: a 
square-rigged vessel— the brig Belfast, from New York, had 
arrived, laden with a valuable cargo. She hauled up at 
Broadway wharf, the only one accessible to such a vessel, 
and there discharged. No sooner was she known to bo 
landing ber cargo, than real estate rose 50 per cent. A 
vacant lot on the corner of Washington and Montgomery 
streets, at that time bordering on the water, which bad been 
ofl'ered for $5,000 and refuse<l, sold readily the very m'Xl 
day for $10,000. The first brick Imilding was erected at the 
corner of Montgomery and Clay streets, in Sept., 1348. 

About this time projects were sUirted for esUiblishing a 
temperance society and a lyceum, but most persons thought 
that a theatre was most the suitable moral exponent : a pro- 
position was also made to establish a hospital for miners 
etc. In November, at a public meeting, the Kev. T. D 



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Hunt was elected "chaplain for the city." At the election 
in October, ISiS, 15S votes were poilcJ ; in December, 1S4S, 
the voters numbered 347, and m the August next year 1,519 
votes were polled. In December, 1S4S, the public sclioul 
was re-opened. In November, 1S4S. wiien the people re- 
turned from the mines for the winter, tlie effects of the gold 
discovery were most generally fdt. Lots that in the spring 
were sold at from $1U0 to $'i.OiKt, now ranged from $l,Oitii 
to $1.5.000, and rents had r[tiinlti))led. In February. 1S49, 
the population was estimated at 2.iiOi). The duties collected 
at the custora-huuse in ls4s were — 1st quarter. $11,931 ; 2d 
<iuarter, $S,S35; 3d quarter. .$T4,y27, and 4ih quarter, 
$100,480. The exports of merchandise amounted to about 
$1,000,000, and the imports of coin to about tlie same amount, 
while the exports of gold dust f'lr the last six months were 
$2,000,000, or S'lnielhiiii: less than the quantity regularly 
exported every two weeks four years after. Tlie first fire, fur 
which incidents San Francisro has become famous, occur- 
red in January, 1S49, burning the Shades Hotel, and in 
June, the ship Philadelphia was burnt in the harbor. On 
the 1st February of the same year the "■ Calilbrnia," the first 
steamship in the mail service, arrived. On the ISih of May 
arrived the ship Grey Eaj^Ie, of Thiladelphia, having made 
the passage in IIT days — lluis far Ihe quickest passage. It 
W.1S computed that the number of emigrants in tl>e country 
in June uf this year was lo.OOO. nf whom the greater portion 
had debarked at this port, 8ivly-four vessels were in the 
harbor. In the month of July there arrived by sea 3,614 
souls. Some idea of the rapid march of ihc country in those 
times may be formed, from the fact that, on a single day, the 
1st July, there arrived 17 vessels witli SS9 passengers. In 
August the population was cominited at 5,000. The num- 
ber nf arrivals during the month had been 3,S95. In Sept., 
5.S02 .-irrived, and in October almut 4.000. The Baptists 
built the first Protestant house of worship in OaUfornia, and 
dedicated it on the 5th August, 1849. Central wharf was 
finished in the latter part of this year. In October a little 
iron steami)oat was launched, and was placed on the route 
to Sacramento. On one of her trips she brought a number 
of salmon from Sacramento, which sold readily at $1 per 
pound, and si>me of the fisli brought as high a price as $45. 
The steamboats M'Kim and Senator were shortly after put 
on the same route. AU tlie.sc vessels were crowded with 
passengers. An election to aiiopL the constitution, and to 
choose State officers, was held on the 13ih November, when 
the number of ballots cost was 3,169, of which only 5 were 
in the negative. In the winter of 1S49-50 the business of 
San Francisco was almost suspended on account of the im- 
pas^abIe condition of the streets from rain, and in numerous 
instances persons are said to have perished in the mud. 
At this period the most motley populalion in the world was 
congregated in San Francisco, and tlie capricious taste of 
the citizens, in regard of drcs?, served to add to the ap- 
parent diver.sity. Every man had his own standard of 
fashion entirely independent of the rest of the world. As 
the female population increased, however, the coslume of 
Ihc men began to approach a more uniform standard, and 
now, even the slouch hat, which so lonir distinguished the 
Califoriiian. iiaa given place to trim and formal modes from 
Broadway and (.'hcstnut Street. In those tiays the humor 
of the people inclined tliem not in the slightest degree 
toward intellectual pursuits. Front the multitude of gam- 
bling and drinking houses, and the erowtls that filled them, 
one might have inferred that driidving was a universal 
haltit, ami that gambling was a regular occupation of one- 
half of the people, and the nitrhtly diversion of the other 
half. In the progress of civilization and refinement, during 
the winter two theatres were kept in operation, and a por- 
tion of the citizens began to anmse themselves with con- 
certs, lialis. dinner parlies, and military suppers. The first 
rush homeward took place in this winter. Driven from llie 
mines by the weather, many of tlie most fortunate adven- 
turers Io(*ked toward their distant friends. All tickets for 



Ihe steaiiuTs being taken, extraordinary prices mitc ntfered 
for ilicm — fur steerage tickets, the original cost of wliicli waa 
$150, as nuteh a.s $450 was frequently given. 

The first of the scries of calamitous conflagrations tiiat have 
marked tlie history of Ihe city, broke out on the 24lli Dec, 
1>49, an<I eoii>uined, in houses and merchandise, properly 
valued at $1,000,000. The fire of Nov., 1852, burned over a 
portion of the satncgrounti, but with less destruction. Early 
in 1^50 an express wagon made its appearance in the streets; 
and in daiiuary of tliiw year, a curious incident transpired, 
in the pidjlic sale of three females from Sidney, to pay tlieir 
passage money. Tliey wt-re sold fur five niontlis at $15 
each — the captain of the vessels pocketing Ihe money wilh 
entire satisfaction. In March was formed tlie "Stranger's 
Benevolent Society," for the relief of the in<ligent sick. 
From the 12th Ai)ril, Is49. to the 29th Jan., 1^50, a period 
of little over nine monttis, tliere arrived by s'-a at San Fran- 
cisco, 39,883 immigrants, of whom 1.421 were females. Of 
S05 vessels from which they landed, 487 were American and 
-318 foreign. In the year ending lolh April. ISoO, there had 
arrived 02,000 passengers in COS American and 418 foreign 
vessels. The winter «d" 1849-50 witne.%;ed the first step to- 
ward the fornuiti'fiiof the present euormousdebtof iho city. 
The expenditures for December were $135,000, and the re- 
ceipts $175,000, being a balance in the treasury of $40,000. 
In January and February the expenditures were -$201,000, 
ami Ihe receipts only $137,000, leaving a deficit of $24,000, 
wliich was the nucleus of the present debt. Two-thirds 
of Ihe receipts were from the sale of city lots. The debt 
then begotten increased rapidly, and in a little more tlian a 
year reached the enormous sum of $1,000,000. When the 
treasury was exhausted, scrip was issued, bcariug intrn-st 
at 3 p{T cent per mouth. The credit of the cily growing 
worse and worse, the scrip depreciated until it would not 
command over one-third of its nominal value. Pi'fsons 
having claims against the city drew up bills for two ar three 
times the amount of Ihe claim, so that they niiglit realize 
from the sale of the scrip Ihe full amovnit of (he debt in 
ca^ll. Thus a tra<lesman furnishing a $l,o(iO worth of sup- 
plies to the Iiospital would prt-sent his bill for $3,iiii0. and 
receive that amount in scrip bearing intcn-st as abo\e. 
When the debt w.ns funded and converted into 10 per cent, 
bonds, he received bonds equal to the amount of the scrip 
and interest, that is to say, if the scrip had run six months 
the city paid him $3,540 in bonils, with an animal interest 
of $354, or more than one-tlurd the origintd ilebt. A more 
extraordinary specimen of financiering can scarcely be con- 
ceived. In the course of the year 1S50 the princi|ial streets 
were graded ami laid wilh planks. C'ommereial Street, 
from Monlgomery to Kearny, ^vas first com[ileled. Antici- 
pating another winter like the past, the preparation of the 
streets was hastened as the autumn advance*!, and wlien 
the season of rain arrived, the chief thoroiic^lifures win* ef- 
fectually eovereil wilh wood. The witder, Iiomcvit. broui^ht 
lint little rain, and the fires of May and Jvnn* fMllmviiicr. de- 
slroyed a Iarg<' portion of the costly exi)enditure uhieli had 
added largely to the debt of tlie city. After inlrodu.'ing Ihc 
subject, says Dr. (Jibbons, from whose " Brief Siateh of 
San Francisco*' tlie irreater part of this article has lucn re- 
duced, it would not lie right to pass witlioui commendatory 
notice, the arrangements finally a<iopted to redeem Ihe 
credit of the city and to pay ofi" the million and a half of 
debt. The fumling of the debt and the is.Hning of hr.nds 
bearing interest at 10 percent, per annum, has already been 
mentioned. The bonds were made payable in twenty years, 
and provision was made to redeem a portion annually. 
The citizens eo-operaled earnestly in the movement, and 
submitted cheerfully to the imposilion of u heavy tax for 
the purpose. The credit of tin* cily was at once restored, 
and the bonds rajddly api-roaclu-d to Ihi-ir par value. The 
transition from utter and hopeless bankruptcy to a basis of 
secure and jiermanent credit, and Ihal. too. after the disas- 
trous fires of May and June, 1850, and the still m<ve ruiu- 

;g7 



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Oils conflaci'Jttions of Muy and June, 1S51, wliicli laid the 
city in nyhcs a second lime, wn9 rapid and extraordinary, 
cxlilbiiiTis a di'gree of energy and conrage rarely met with 
in the history of municipal governmenla. In the spring of 
1S50 there were three daily papers published in the city, 
the *• Alia Californiun." Ilic *' Pacific News," and the "Jour- 
nal of Coniineree." To these were added during the year, 
the '' Kvening Picayune," Ihe " Herald," and the ** Courier." 
In less than a year after there were eight daily papers ex- 
isting in San Francisco. 

Pan Francisco river, y. ^fw. : in the W. part of the 
Territory, is formed by two priiieii)al head branclirs. and 
flows S. into Salt r., just above the confluence of that stream 
with the llio Gila. 

San FnANoiRyTHTA creek, San Francisco co., Calif.: rises 
in the Sierra Moreno, or Brown Mountains, runs easlwordly, 
dividing the co. from Santa Clara, and empties into San 
Francisco bay. Gold has been found in small quantities in 
this creek. 

San Gabriel, p. o., Willramson county, Tex. : 85 m. N. 
Austin City. 

Sangamon county, ///. Situate centrally, and contains 
936 sq. m. Sangamon r. passes througli the N. E. portion, 
by which and ils branches it is drained, and excellent 
water-power supplied. Surface umlulating: soil a rich, 
calcareous loam, with sand intermixed, and very pro- 
ductive. Staples, wheat and Indian corn. It has flnc tim- 
ber land, and may be considered one of the richest counties 
of the State. Farms 1,5TS; manuf. 92; dwell. 3,1T3, and 
pop.~wh. 1S,9S3, free colored 245— total 19,22S. Capital: 
Springfield. Piihfic WorAs : Great Western Central K. II. ; 
Chicago and Mississippi R. K., etc. 

Sangamon river, III. : one of the chief branches of Illi- 
nois r., rises in a small lake in Vermillion co., flows W. by 
changing course, and empties into the Illinois r. between 
Cass and Macon counties. It is about 180 m. long, of which 
about 120 m. are navigable for small craft. It flows through 
one of the most fertile and pleasant portions of the State. 

SANGEnriELD, t. and p. v., Oneida co., J^, Y.: IT m. S. 
Oriskany Falls, and S6 m. W. by N. Albany. Drained by 
Chenango r. and Oriskany cr. Surface uneven ; soil rich 
and highly cultivated. The v. is near Oriskany cr. There 
is in the t. a furnace and other manufactories, an oil, grist, 
and saw mills, etc. Pop. of t. 2,371. 

Sancerville, t. and p. o., Piscataquis co., Me. : on S. 
side of Piscataquis r., 63 m. N. N. E. Augusta. It has an 
uneven surface, with fertile soil, and contains 3 handsome 
ponds. Pop. 1,267. 

Sangster's Station, p. o. and sta., Fairfax co., Tirg.: 
on the Orange and Alexandria K. K., S3 m. N. liichmond. 

Sanilac county, Mich. Situate E. of the S. Peninsula, 
and contains 7S0 sq. m. Drained by the Black and Cass 
rivers and their affluents. Surface generally even ; soil fer- 
tile, and, with cultivation, adapted to the raising of wheat, 
grain, vegetables, etc. Lake Huron bounds it on the E. 
Farms 61; manuf. 27; dwell. 372, and pop, — wh. 2,112, fr. 
col. 0— total 2,112. Capital: Lexington. 

Sanilac Mills, p. o., Sanilac co., Mich. : 110 m. N. E. 
Lansing. 

San Jacinto, p. o., Harris county, Tea>. : 152 m. E. by S. 
Austin City. 

San Jacinto river, T&p. : rises in "Walker county, flows 
S. S. E., receiving numerous tributaries, of which the prin- 
cipal one is East fork, and empties into San Jacinto bay, an 
arm of Galveston bay. It is navigable about 45 m., is very 
deep, and its water is very clear and wholesome. 

San Joaquin county, Calf/. Situate centrally, and con- 
tains about n,GOO sq. m. Drained by San Joaquin r. and 
its tributaries, Moquelumne, Calaveras, and Stanislaus 
rivers. Moquelunme r. on the N., and Stanislaus r. on the 
S., form ils btnin-lnries in those directions. The banks of 
these rivers are rapidly being settled. A large portion bor- 
dering on the San Joaquin and Mo<jueIumne, consisting of 
768 



overflowed or "Tule" is being improved, but there is nuieh 
land that can not be brought into cullivalion without great 
labor. Game of all descriptions is plentiful on the plains. 
The rivers abound in fish, and many persons arc engaged 
in taking and curing salmon. Oak is the principal timber. 
Located in the heart of a valley hundreds of miles in length, 
this is one of the finest agricultural counties in the State. 
Garden produce, melons, etc., are raised in abundance. 
Mining is but little engaged in. On the Stanislaus the pla- 
cers average about $4 a day per man. The Indiana have 
mostly removed to the mountains; those remaining, in all 
379, are located in four pueblas, are perfectly friendly, and 
some cultivate the soil or work at the mines. Ferries and 
bridges have been established over the rivers, and tho 
means of travel are convenient in all parts. Pop. in 1S52, 
5,029— whites 4,569— males 3,5S2, and females 9S7 ; negroes 
SI— males 6t), and females 21 ; Indians 379— males 168, and 
females 211 ; foreign residents 749— males 450, and females 
299. Over 21 years of age— citizens of the United States, 
2.451. male negroes 53, male Indians 125, and foreign resi- 
dents 516. Capital employed in the co., $2,896,050. Capi' 
tnl : Stockton. 

San Joaquin, p. v., San Joaquin co., Calif. : on the r. so 
called, at the mouth of Stanislaus r., and opposite the city 
so called, 63 ra. S. E. Vallejo. 

San JoAyuiN river, Calif: rises in Tulares lake and the 
Sierra Nevada or Snowy Mountains, winds its way semi- 
circularly around the head of the Mercede in a N. W. 
direction, through a fine valley, and into the San Joaquin 
plains, about 15 m. N. of the line dividing the county from 
Tulare county, thence continues in a S. AV. direction about 
30 m., when it gradually inclines N., passing nearly through 
the centre of it. and joimng the Sacramento river, flows W. 
into San Francisco bay. It has numerous tributaries, aflbrd- 
ing supplies of water to the surrounding country for mining 
purposes. This stream is navigable as far up as Stockton 
fur vessels drawing over 9 feet of water, and for smaller 
craft as far up as the Tuolumne r., at which point vessels 
have arrived with 15 tons freight. It abounds in salmon 
and other fine fish. Fort Miller is located at its entrance 
into the plains. Wild oats, clover, and other rich grains, 
grow in abundance along the course of this stream. 

San Jose, p. v., Santa Clara co., Calif. : the former seat 
of government ; is located in one of the most pleasant 
and healthy valleys in the State, 50 ra. from San Fran- 
cisco, and 100 m. S. Vallejo. It is an agricultural place, 
and its advantages for garden fruils and grains are of the 
highest order. There is a wharf here, and it is the depot 
where the small craft that i>ly to and fro in the bay deposit 
and take in their freights. The vessels range from 10 to 20 
tons. The principal quicksilver mines in the Stale are 
about 20 m. S. of this place. Pop. 1,200. 

San Juan, p. v., Monterey county, Calif : at the base of 
Santa Cruz Mountain, in the valley of San Juan. SS m. S. E 
VaUejo. There are several mines in the vicinity. 

San Juan Baptisto, mission, Monterey county, Calif : 
about 104 m. S. E.A'allejo. A tract of orchard land, in good 
state of cultivation, and well watered. Like other missions 
in C-ilifornia, it is in private hands, either by claim or pre- 
emption. 

San LoTjra, p. o., Brazoria county, Tex. : 154 m. E. S. E. 
Austin City. 

San Luis Obispo county, OiHf Situate S. on thePaciflc, 
and contains 4,600 sq. m. Surface hilly, being traversed 
by the Coast Range and other mountains. The streams are 
the Nacimiento, divi<Iing it from Monterey co. ; the Arroyo 
Grande aufi tho Santa Maria, dividing it from Santa Bar- 
bara co. The bottoms on those streams are well limbered 
with sycamore, oak, and alaniia, a species of cottonwood. 
Pine of large size and superior quality is abundant. Along 
the coast are flue harbors ; that of San Luis Obispo is 9 m. 
W. of the t. of the same name; that of San Simeon is 40 m. 
N. W. of San Luis, and there is a fine harbor known as the 



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Moro. liieh silver mines are found in tlio eo.. ami cniipL-r 
and iron are supposed to exist, and a fine bituminous coa! is 
found near San Simeon bay. There aiv many and large 
biluminous springs, and a warm sulplmr spriii-; — llie pana- 
ca of tlic natives — about 10 ni. S. of Sau Luis Obispo. 
Linio-r.iek la plenliful. On the plains, in the N. K. part of 
the CO., wild horses range in large numbers. Horticulture 
is carried on to some extent. The vineyard of San Miguel 
is extensive, but much neglected. The mission of San Luis 
Obispo, though in ruins, has sUII remaining some fine olive, 
peach, pear, fig, and apple orcharils, and a small vineyard. 
TJie capital invested in ranches and stock amounted in ISii2 
to $(>()4,S43, and in village property to $40,000. Top. of that 
year, 9S4 — whites 494— males 331, and females 1G3 ; negroes 
S — males 4, and females 4; foreign rcsidcn(.<, l"2l— males 
85, and females 36. Over 21 years of age— citizens of U. S., 
343, negroe.s 4, and foreigners 77. There are ^7 ranches in 
tile CO., chiefly held under Mexican grants, containing in 
all 550,000 acres. Capital: San Luis Obispo. 

San Luis Obispo, v., port, and cap. San Luia Obispo co,, 
Calif. : h:df-way from Santa Barbara to Monterey, and 177 
miles S. E. Vallejo. The v. is located un a small stream, 
9 m. from the harbor. An unsafe port in winter. Although 
having an extensive seaboard, it is not well watered. Lat. 
Sjo 10' ;J7.f." N., and long. 120° 43' 31" W. Ten miles S. of 
the V. are the warm sulphur springs— the panacea of the 
natives. 

San Marco, p. o., Travis co., Tex. 

San Mahcos river, Tex. : the principal tributary of Gua- 
dalupe r. Is a large stream rising in the S. 10. corner of 
Gillespie county, and flows E. and S. K. to itd confluence 
Willi the Guadalupe, near Gonzales. 

San Migl'rl county, y, 3le.i\ Situate centr.ally toward 
N., and immediately E. of Santa E6. Area 3,500 sq. in. 
Drained by the upper waters of Pecos and by Canadian 
rivers, which are here comparatively small streams. Sur- 
face elevated, and in the W. mountainous, being travcrse<i 
by the Jumanez range. Except on the rivers there is very 
little agricultural land. Farms 177 ; inanuf. U; dwelt. 1.731, 
and pop. — wh. 7,070, fr. col. 4— total 7,074. Copital : San 
Miguel. 

San MicirEi,, v., San Louis O'lispo co., CaJif. : on the "W, 
Bide of Monterey or Salinas r., 71 m. S. E. Monterey and 
156 m. S. S. E. from Vallejo. 

San Miguel river, Tea\: rises by two he.-id branches hi 
S. E. corner of Medina county, and flows S. S. E. through 
Bi^xnr county, and empties into the Kio Frio ne,ir its mouth. 

San Niroi..\s, v., Los Angclos co., Calif.: on the S. E. 
end of the i-;liind of San Xicobs. in the Pacific Ocean. 52 m. 
S. W. St. Vincent, in lat. 330 14' 12.9" N., and long. 119° ^D' 
00" W., 339 m. S. S. E. Vallejo. 

San Pablo, v., Contra Costa co., C(tlif. : at the entrance 
of the bay so called, 15 m. S. by W. Vallejo. 

San Pabi.o bay, Calif. : one of the nortliern divisions or 
arm of San Francisco bay, bordering on the. counties of 
Contra Costa, Napa, Sonoma, and Marin. It receives tho 
waters of Napa, Sonoma, and Petalimia creeks. 

San I'AStiUEL, v., San Diego co., Calif: on the line of 
the Santa F6 route, 45 m. N. of S. boundary of the State 
and 403 m. S. E. Vallejo. 

San Patiucio county, Tex. Situate S., and contains 2,720 
fi(|. m. Drained by West Arans.as and other tributaries of 
Aransas r., an<l by branches of llio Niiecca, which runs 
along its 6outhem border. Surface v.aricd. in the N. being 
nn<hdaling .and broken and somewhat elevated, but in tbc 
S. fine k'vel tracts of land spreading over a large portion 
of the county. Along the streams are some strips of wood- 
land. Farms 10; manuf. 0; dwell. 3S. and pop.— wh. 197, 
fr. cr»l. 0, si. 3— total 2t)0. Capital: San Patricio. 

San PATiuno. p. v., and cap. San Patricio co., Tta-.: on 
the E. bank of Nueces r.. 166 m. S. Austin City. 

San Pr.imo, p. 0., lloustou CO., Tex. : 171 m. N. E. by E. 
Austin City. 

A5 



San Pki>i;o, v. and port. Los Angclos co,, <'<itif : on the 
bay of San Pedro, 332 m. S. E. Vallejo, laU 33° 43' 19.0" N., 
and long, liso 16' 03" W. It is the port of Los Angelos. 
from wliieh it is 27 m. S., and SO m. N. "W. San Diego. It is 
a gooil farming district, celebrated for the fine qualily of \U 
grapes, and was the former Si)unish capital of California. 
1'he anchorage is good, and perfectly safe, except during 
the prevalence of the S. E. winds in the winter. 

San Pkihio river, Los Angelosco., Calif. : a small stream 
rising in the mountains in S. part of county, flowing S. 
empties into the bay so called. 

San Pj:te county, Utah Te>\ Situate between SS^ 30' 
and 39° 57' lat. N., and extending from the Uocky Mount- 
ains W. to about 112^ long. W. It is drained by Green and 
Grami rivers, the consHluents of the Kio Color.ado, and in 
the liills which cross it:* W. portion, Nicollet r. has its sources. 
Timber of various kinds is abundant, and bituminous coal, 
gypsum, salt, etc., are found in abundance. Farms 51; 
manuf. 1 ; dwell. 62, ami pop. — wh. 305, Ir. col. — total 365. 
Capital : Manti City. 

San Uafael, p. v., and cap. M;irin co., Calif : is hiid out 
al the uld mission of the same name, on the W. side of 
Pal)Io bay, an arm of San Francisco bay. 23 m. W. of Val- 
lejo, It is a pleasant, site, and wlien the resources of its 
unijulating. wooded, and arable back country shall be de- 
ve!"pfd, it will become an impurlaiit iioint. 

San llAiioN, p, o., Contra Custa couuty, Calif. : 39 m. S. 
Valh-jo. 

San Simeon, port, San Luis Obispo co., Calif. : on the 
bay so called, 40 m. N, W, San Luis Obisjio and 15S m. 
S, S. E. Vallejo, lat.350 3S' 24"N.,and long. 12|O10'22"W. 
It has little or no harbor, being nearly an open ro;idsleail. 

Santa Anna county, N. Jlex. Situate centrally toward 
N,, and contain.s about 400 sq, m. The PJo Grande and 
Santa F6 county bound it on the E., and on tlie W, it is 
bounded by the Sierra Madre, the highest peak of which in 
this couuty is Mount Taylor. The Puerco and other tribu- 
taries of the Pio Grande, drain the surface, whieli. with tho 
exception of the immediate valley of the river, is essen- 
tially mountainous. Farms 144; manuf. 0; dwell. 973, and 
pop. — wh. 4.644, fr. col. 1 — total 4,64.') Capital: Jenu'z. 

Santa Anna, p, v., De Witt co., ///. ; ou the head branch 
of Salt cr„ 60 m. N. E. Springfield. 

Santa Baiibaha county, Calif. Situate S. on the Paciflc, 
and contains about 4.300 sq. m. The principal streams are 
the Santa Clara, forming the S. E. boundary, the San Eue- 
n;ivenlura, Santa Inez, and a small stream forming the N. 
boundary. These are all small streams, rising in the Coast 
llange of mountains, which, on the E. border of the county 
rise to the height of I'rom 3,000 to 4,iiu0 feet, and arc vol- 
canic. The waters of the coast abound in corvinas, black 
fish, mackerel, crawfiih, sardines, clams, and many other 
species of excellent fish and crustacLe, A bed oC oysters, 
150 yards long and 25 yards wide, and 3 feet thick, has 
been discovered within the pueblo limits of Sanla Barbara, 
the oysters being of uncommon size and good flavor. The 
islands off the coast are the rendezvous of otters, seals, sea 
elephants, and beaver. There are several fine valleys in 
the county, much of the soil of which is fertile arable land, 
and along the streams is susceptible of irrigation. About 
one-third the surface is a*lapted for cere;d agriculture and 
liorliculture. Fruit of all kinds, vines, melons, etc., grow 
finely. The grasses are luxuriant and nutritious, and vege- 
tation generally fully developed. Agricullurc, however, ia 
in a very rude stale, and the material for fencing scarce, 
For dairy farming the c<iunty cannot be excelled. Gold is 
found in the soulhern part, and was extensively worked in 
1812, There are tar springs near Santa Barbara village, 
and the sea throws up bitumen for leagues along the coast. 
Salt is .abundant, and is gathered at the Salinas in Aug. and 
Sept. in cart loads. A hot sulphur spring exists in the Mon- 
ti cilo, near tlie village of Santa Barbara, temperature 100^ 
Fahr., and basin large enough to bathe in. In IS52 the 

709 



SAN 



SAP 



population numbered 2,131: whites 1,516— males SS4, and 
females GS2 ; mulattoes 9 — males 4, and females 5 ; and 
foreign residents 230— males 120, and females 110. Over 21 
years of age: Americans 301, mulattoes 5, and foreigners 
106. Land under cultivation 699 acres. CapiUil: Santa 
Barbara, 

SXnta Bakbaea, p. v., and cap. Santa Barbara county, 
Ciilif.: a small sea-coast town, 25;J m. S. E. Vallejo. Il is 
pleasantly situated, surrounded by mountains. A point so 
called projects out from the town. Lat. 34° 24' 24.7" N., 
sml long. 119° 14' IS" W. 

Santa Catalina island, Ciilif. : is a large island in the 
Pacific Ocean, of irregular triangular form, 20 m. long and 
the same width, attached to Los Angelos county, 20 m. S. 
of San Pedro. 

Santa Clara county, C<ilif. Situate W., and contains 
about 12,000 sq. m. It lies between the Coa.st liange and 
the Santa Cruz Mountains, and is watered by the Pajara, 
Santa Cruz, Guadalupe, and olhor rivers. The Guadalupe 
empties into the bay of San Francisco at its S. extrcmiiy, 
and the others have short courses to the Pacific Ocean. The 
county occupies one of the most fertile valUys of the coun- 
try, producing all the grains, fruits, and vegetables of the 
latitude. Its minerals are of the most valuable description 
— quicksilver, gold, silver, etc., and coal has been discover- 
ed. A great portion of the produce in the markets of San 
Francisco is brought from this county. The roads are gen- 
erally good, and the Atlantic and Pacific R. E. will pass 
near to San Jos6, the old capital of the State. Forbes' 
quicksilver mines in the Santa Cruz Mountains, are said to 
be as rich as those of Mexico. In 1S52 the county c<intain- 
ed 6,664 inhabitants, of which the whites numbered 6,15S— 
males 4,096, and females 2,062 ; negroes 53— males 4,5, and 
females 8; mulattoes, 3 females; Indians 550— males 3S8, 
and females 162; foreign residents 1,335— males 1,059, and 
females 276. Over 21 years of age— 1.717 citizens, 47 ne- 
groes, 198 Indians, and 1,081 foreign residents. Cupital : 
Santa Clara. 

Santa Clara, p. v., Santa Clara co., Cttlif. ; in the Santa 
Cruz Mountains, 5 m. S. of San Francisco bay, 26 m. W. of 
Ihe sea-coast and 53 m. S. by E. from Vallejo. It was for- 
merly a mission, and is surrounded by one of the best farm- 
ing tracts in the State. About 19 m. S. E. are extensive 
quicksilver mines. Pop. SOO. 

Santa Clemente island, Calif. : a large island, 16 m. 
long 6 m. wide, attached to San Diego county, 65 m. E. San 
Diego. 

Santa Ckuz county, Cii^if. Situate "W". on the Pacific, 
and contains about 800 sq. ra. The Santa Cruz Mountains 
bound it on the N. E. and the Pacific Ocean on the S. W. 
Bide. The interior is hilly, with intervening valleys, and 
along the coast there are precipitous bluffs. The Pajara r. 
forms its S. boundary, and there are several small streams 
emptying into the sea, A good road connects the village 
with San Francisco. Gold and other minerals are found, 
and quartz mining is carried on, but to no great extent. 
The industry of the people is chiefly devoted to agricullure. 
trade, etc. The land under cultivation in 1852 was 5,472 
acres. Pop. at that date 1,219: whiles 1,097— males 723. 
and females 374; negroes 4 — males 3. and females 1; mulat- 
toes, S females ; Indians 110 — males 63, and females 47 ; for- 
eign residents 83 males. Over 21 years of age— 279 Amer- 
icans, 4 negroes, S mulattoes, 33 Indians, and 30 foreigner^i. 
Capital: Santa Cruz. 

Santa Cruz, p. v., and cap. Santa Cruz co., C<dif.: on 
Monterey bay, 75 m. S. Vallejo, laU 36° 57' 26.9" N., and 
long. 122° 00' 10" "W. It is one of the oldest puehlas in the 
State, and presents many advantages for an agreeable res- 
idence. 

Santa Ckuz island. Calif. : a Inrge island in the Pacific, 
attached to Santa Barbara county, 23 m. long, 13 m. broad, 
20 m. S. Santa Barbara. 

Santa Fe county, N. Ucx. Situate centrally tt>warJ N., 
770 



and contains about SOO sq. m. The Rio Grande forms ita 
W. boundary, and supplies water for irrigation, but is not 
navigable. The cultivated lands are all on the river bord- 
ers — farther E. is a sandy waste, but seldom ever traversed 
except by the trader and Indian. Gold, silver, and other 
metals are found in the county. Farms 718; manuf. 6; 
dwell. 1,561, and pop.— wh. 7,704, fr. col. 9— total 7,718. 
Capital: Santa F6. 

Santa Fe. p. o., Maury co., Tenn.: 41 m. S. byW. Nashville. 

Santa Fe, p. o., Bracken county, Ay, : 60 miles N. E. 
Frankfort. 

Santa Fe, p. v., Miami co., Ti\d. : on Big Pipe er. of the 
Wabash r., 61 m. N. Indianapolis. 

Santa Fe, p. o., Alexander county, lU. : 175 m. S. by E. 
Springfield. 

Santa Fe, p. city, and cap. Santa F6 co., and capital of 
the Tenntory of New Mexico : is situated about 20 m. E. 
from the Rio Grande. Lat 35° 41' 6" N., long. 106° 02' 03" 
\V. Its site is a wide plain, surrounded by lofty mountains. 
Its elevation above the sea is about 7,047 feet. A small 
creek, ri&ing in the hills, and flowing past the city to tbe 
Rio Grande, supplies it with water. The land around is 
sandy, poor, and destitute of timber, but the mountains are 
covered with pine and cedar. The climate is delightful, 
without extremes; the sky is clear, and the atmosphere dry. 
The streets are irregular and narrow. The houses are built 
of adobes, one story high, with flat roofs, and in square 
form, with an area in the centre. There are two churches 
(Catliolic) with steeples, but of ordinary construction. The 
inhabiiants are chiefly a mixture of Spaniards and Indians, 
with a few Americans. Their manners and customs are 
those of the whole country, and similar to those of other 
sottloments of Spanish origin. For many years this place 
has been the main point of trade in this region, ami many 
of tbe companies engaged therein have amassed large for- 
tunes. In 1850 two newspapers were published, *^ The New 
Mexican," weekly, and ''Sauta F6 Republican," tri-weckly. 
Pop. in 1850, 4,846. 

Santa Fe was founded about 15S1. Its history, with that 
of the territory, previous to belonging to Ihe United States, 
is a continuous record of barbarism and tyranny. It was 
taker* by Gen. Kearney, on September Sth, 1846. 

Santa Maria river, Calif: constitutes about one half of 
the boundary between Sauta Barbara and San Luis Obispo 
counties, and is about 35 m. long. 

Santa Rosa county, Flor. Situate W., and contains 1.500 
sq. ra. Drained by Blaekwater and Tellow rivers and Cold 
\Vatcr, Clear Water, and Sweet Water creeks. Escambia 
r. runs along its W. border. Surface level ; soil very fertile. 
Chief productions, cotton, rice, sugar, grain, fruits, and 
vegetables. Santa Rosa island runs along its S. shore, with 
inlets N. and S. to Ihe sound. Farms 91; manuf. 25; dwell. 
526, and pop.— wh. 2,095, fr. col. 4, si. 7S4— tot.al 2.853. 
Capital: Milton. Puhlio Works: Fort Gaines and Peu- 
gacola R. R. ; Montgomery and Florida E. R„ etc, 

Santa Rosa island, Calif : 13 m. S. W. Santa Cruz island, 
36 m. S. by W. Santa Barbara (Santa Barbara co.), and 
273 m. S. S. E. Vallejo. 

Santee, p. o., Covington co., ^f^.•^s.: on a tributary of the 
Pascagoula r., 62 m. 8. S. E. Jackson. 

Santee river, S. Car. : is formed at S K. comer of Rich- 
land CO. by the junction of the Congaree and Wateree rivers 
(the head streams of which rise in North Carolina), flows 
E. S. E., and empties into the Atlantic by two mouths. It 
is navigable for sloops about 130 m. 

Santyam city. Linn co., Orcfg. : tt the confluence of San- 
tj am r. with the Willamette, and about equidistant between 
Salem and Albany. 

Sanybel island, Flor. : lies off N. E. comer of Monroe 
CO., is 9 m. long and 2 m. wide. 

Sapelo island. Ga. : is E. of M'lutosh co., to which it bo- 
longs, between Sapelo sound and Doby inlet It is 10 m. 
long, 5 wide, and has a lighthouse at its S. end- 



SAP 



SAR 



Sapling Grote> p. o., Washington co., Jlrg.: 204 m. 
W. S. W. Richmond. 

Sappington, p. o., St. Louis co., Mo. : 87 m. E. Jefferson 
City. 

Sarah, p. c, Blair co., Penn. : 7S m. W. ITarrisburg. A 
furaace moved by water-power, of 1,400 tons annual capa- 
city, 13 located here. 

Saraiisville, p. o., Franklin co., III. : 127 m. S. S. E. 
Springfield. 

Saieaiisville, p. v., and cup. Noble co., 0/iio: 7G m. E. 
Columbus. It contains llie county buildings, etc. 

Saranac, t and p. v., C'linlon co,, K. )*. ; 16 ni.W. Platts- 
burg, and 138 miles N. Albany. Brained by the river so 
called, which runs through it in a S. W. direction, affording 
extensive water-power, and the soil along its banks is rich 
and well cultivated. The surface is hilly and mountainous, 
abounding in deposits of iron ore, and heavily timbered. 
The V. contains a forge and glass factory, 8e\cral mills, etc. 
Pop. of t. 2,0S2. 

Saeanao lakes, Upper and Lower, Franklin co., A\ Y.: 
lie in the S. E. part of the co., and are connected by Kound 
lake, which together form one body of water. Their outlet 
from the lower lake is by Saranac r. The length of the 
upper lake is 10 m., that of the lower 7 m., and ibe width 
of eacli is from 2 to 3 m. liound lake is about 4 in. long, 
and moblly 3 m. wide. Each abounds with trout and other 
fish. 

Saraxac river, X. Y. : rises in lower Saranac lake, flows 
in N. E. general course, and empties into Cuml)erlan<l bay 
of Lake Champlain at PlalEsburg, where it descends 40 feet 
by a succession of falls, affording very great water-power. 

Saratoga county, A1 Y. Siluate E. toward the N., and 
contains 7So sq. m. Drained by Sacandaga and Moliawk 
rivers, tributarit^s of the Hudson, and Fish ,ind Kayaderos- 
seras creeks. Surface various, in the N. W. being mount- 
ainous, and in the S. E. and central parts hilly, with sandy 
plains interspersed ; soil a deep sandy loam, with clay inter- 
mixeil, and in many parts fertile. Chief products, wheat, 
Indian corn, and potatoes. It contains many minerals, and 
has good granite, limestone, and slate quarries. In this co. 
are the celebrated mineral springs so much resorted to in 
Ihe watering season. Farms 3,465; matiuf. 349; dwell. 
7,894, ami pop.— wh. 4.5,066. fr. col. 580— total 45,646. Cap- 
ital: Eallston. Public Works: Saratoga and Washington 
E. K. ; Schenectady and Saratoga R. 11. ; Troy and Ilens- 
selaer K. li. ; Albany Northern li. It. ; Saratoga and Sack- 
ett's Harbor 11. II. 

Sakatoga Springs, t, p. v., and sta., Saratoga co., N. Y.: 
S6 m. by railroad N. Albany. Drained by several small 
streams flowing into Kayaderosseras cr., which bounds it on 
the S. S\irface on the N. hilly, elsewhere level ; soil sandy 
loam. It contains some manufactures, a number of mills, 
mechanic shops, etc. This is the most celebrated watering- 
place in the United Slates. Located closely together are a 
number of mineral springs with various pniperlies, princi- 
pally medicinal. The v. on the N. is hirated on a sandy 
plain, surrounded in part by pine groves. Its principal 
street is upon the W. margin of a narrow vale, in which 
the springs are found. On this broad street the principal 
hotels, churches, and other public editJces are located. The 
hotels, etc., are numerous, and some of them large, and 
fitted up on a grand scale ; the United States is the most 
conspicuous, being located within a short distance of all Ihe 
prineipal mineral springs : it is built of brick, four stories 
high, with ample accommodations for 400 persons. Con- 
gress Hall an<l Union Hall, both popular establishments, 
are r>n the S. of the v., near Con-jress Spring, the most copi- 
ous and most salubrious of all the springs in Saratoga. It 
was discovered in 1792 by a member of Congress named 
Gillman; the Pavilion, on the site of a spring so called, 
near the Flat P.ock, is surrounded by highly cultivated 
grounds, and as is the case with a number of others, is only 
kept open during the summer months for the accommoda- 



tion of visitors. A number of other hotels and boaniing- 
bouses are kept open throughout the year. High Kock and 
Black Rock springs were first discovered in 1773, being 
then the resort of invalids ; and now there are 10 or 12 im- 
portant mineral fountains, most of them located near the 
margin of a brook which runs tiirough the v. on the E-, 
in whose waters the mineral elements of soda, magnesia 
lime, and iron, with others of no less volume, are combined, 
in different proportions, with carbonic acid gas. The pre- 
vailing character is that of saline and chalybeate waters. 
Congress, "Washington, Putnam*s, Pavilion, Iodine, Hamil- 
ton. Empire, Flat Rock, and High Rock springs are the 
most celebrated for their medicinal qualities. Located east 
of Saratoga Springs is a cluster of mineral springs known 
as "Ten Springs," the most celebrated of which is called 
Union Spring, Large quantities of these waters are annually 
exported to different parts of the country, bringing in a 
handsome income, most of them being owned by private 
individuals. The waters are liighly efficacious in mauy 
inveterate cases of disease, and has an effect on the healthy 
system to renovate and invigorate its energies when relaxed 
from long confinement, etc. Their medicinal properties are 
of the cathartic and tonic kinds. The following is an anal- 
ysis of several of the springs, taken from a work by Dr. 
U. L. Allen, a physician resident at Saratoga: Congress 
SpHjigs. — To one cubic gallon: chloride of sodium, gra. 
390.246; hydriodate of soda and bromide of potassium, 
6.000; carbonate of soda, 9.213; carbonate of magnesia, 
100.9S1; carbonate of lime. I03.41G ; carbonate of iron, 1.000; 
silex and alumina, 1.036; solid contents, 611.892; carbonic 
acid gas, 3S6.1SS ; atmospheric air, 3.261. Gaseous contents, 
3S9.449. High Pock S/jriitg.—To one gallon: chloride of 
sodium, grs. 190.223; carbonate of magnesia, 62.100; car- 
bonate of lime, 71.5^3 ; carbonate of soda, 2.177 ; silex and 
alumina, 2.500 ; hydrobroniate of potash, a small quantity. 
Solid contents, 351.197. Carbonic acid gas, 331.666; atmos- 
I)heric air, 2.000. Gaseous contents, 333.666. Uamilton 
Spring. — To one gallon: chloride of sodium, grs. 290.500; 
carbonate of soda, 33.500; carbonate of lime, 95.321; car- 
bonate of magticsia. 3S.O00 ; carbonate of iron. 4.500; hydri- 
odate of soda, 3.500; bromide of potash, a trace; silex an<I 
ahnnina, 1.000. Solid contents, 466.321. Carbonic acid gas, 
340.777; atmospheric air, 2.461. Gaseous contents, 343.23s. 
Temperature of the water, 43°. Putna7>i\9 Spr-ing. — To 
one gallon: chloride of sodium, grs. 220.000; carb<inate of 
soda, 15.321 ; carbonate of magnesia, 45.500 ; carbonate of 
lime, 70.433; carbonate of iron, 6.333; hydriodate of soda, 
2.500; bromide of potash, a trace; silex and alumina, 1.500. 
Soliti contents, 370.5S7. Carbonic acid gas. 317.753; atmos- 
pheric air, 3.0S0. Gaseous contents, 320.8S3. Temperature 
48^". Iodine Spring. — To one gallon : chloride of sodium, 
grs. 147.665; carbonate of magnesia, 73.34S; carbonate of 
lime, 2S.955; carbonate of soda, 3.000; carbonate of iron, 
9nO; hydriodate of soda, 3.566. Solid contents, 257.434. 
Carbonic acid gas, 344.000 ; atmospheric air, 2.500. Gaseoua 
contents, 8.465. "The frcetlom of this water from iron is 
such that it can be drank by a certain class of iinalids, with 
whom iron proves a decided injury.'' PariHoii Spring.— 
To one gallon: chloride of sodium, gra. 133,814; carbonate 
of soda, 6.000 ; carbonateof lime, 59.593; carbonate of mag- 
nesia, 6S.266; carbonate of iron, 4.133 ; iodide, sodium, and 
bromide of potassa, 2.566; sulphate of soda, 1000; alumina, 
a trace; silex, 1.000. Solid contL-nts, 316.373. Carbonic 
acid, 369.166; atmospheric air, 3.333. Gaseous contents, 
372.499. Empire Spring.— 1:0 one gallon: chloride of so- 
dium, grs. 215.756; bi-carbonate of lime, 24.67S; bi-carbon- 
ate of magnesia, 113.459: bi-carbonate of soda, 33.5S4; 
hydriodate of potassa, 9.600: iron, 0.500; silex and alumina, 
1.300. Solid contents, 399.S77. Carbonic acid gas, 260.132; 
atmospheric air. 3.314. Gaseous contents, 263.466. 

The Troy, Whitehall, and ('astloton R. R., Saratoga and 
Schenectady R. R., and the Saratoga and Washington R. R., 
all connect in this village. Distance from New York city 

771 



SAR 



SAV 



by E. E. 1S2 m., fVom Troy 22 m., from Schenectady 22 m., 
and from UuIIiiiid. Verm., 89 railed. The villasre was incor- 
ponited in l-?2t3. and coiilains an insurance office, a bank, 
an acadetny and female semhiary. and other institutions 
of inslniciion, iron foundries, machine shops, an exton- 
Bive carriage manufactory, printing-offices, etc. The "Sar- 
atoga \Yhig" is a daily and weekly (whig) issue, and 
tlie " Saratoga Eepublican" weekly (dem.) Pop. of t. 
4,fi.50. 

tsAP.coxrE, p. v., Jasper co,, J/b. ; on the S. side of Centre 
cr., 145 m. S. W. Jefferson City. 

Sardinia, t. and p. v., Krie co., J^. Y. : 252 m. W. Albany. 
Drained by Cattaraugus cr., which bounds it on the S., and 
several small streams flowing into it. Surface uneven, in 
parta hilly; 8()il fertile. The v., on a small stream in S. 
part, contains flouring and saw mills, a woolen factory, and 
furnace. Pop. oft. 1.761. 

Sardinia, p. c, Decatur county, Iiid. : 4S m. S. E. 
Indianapolis. 

Sardinia, p. v., Brown co.. Ohio: on 9. side of "White 
Oak cr., 74 m. S. 9. W. Columbus. Pop. 193. 

Sardis. p. o., Mason eo., Ki/. : 72 m. N. E. Frankfort. 

Saki>is, p. o., Monroe county, Ohio : 99 miles E. i S. 
Columbus. 

Sarecta, p. v., Duplin co., JV' Ofr. : on the E. side of 
N. E. cr. of Fear r., 72 m. S. E. Kaleigh. 

Sarhpta, p. Y., Lafayette co., JifLss. : on a branch of Tal- 
labuslia r., 133 ra. N. N. E. Jackson. 

Sariktta, p. o., Marion county, Virff.: 1S9 m. N. W. 
Kichmond. 

Sarveesvtli-e, p. o., Butler co., Peiin. : IGl m.W. N. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Sassafras river. Md. ; rises in Di-Iaware, and flows W., 
between Cecil and Kent counties, into Chesapeake bay, of 
which its principal portion is properly a broad inlet. 

Sassafras Hill, p. v., Washington co., III. : on the "W. 
side of Litlle Crooked cr., 93 m. S. by E. Springfield. 

Sataktia, p. v., Yazoo co., Mm. : on a small stream 
flowing into the Yazoo r., 33 m. N. "W. Jackson, Pop. 
about ISO. 

Saccruto, v., Marin co., Odif.: on the bay of San Fran- 
cisco, near the entrance to the harbor, 27 m. (direct) S. W. 
Vallejo. This place was laid out by a company of enterpris- 
ing men, on Ihe ranches of W. Kiehardson, Esq. It has 
one of the best ancliorages to be found in the whole bay, and 
was formerly a favorite resort of whale ships, whieh visited 
Ihe purl for fuel, water, and supplies. The site of the town 
is small, but it is securely protected from Ihe disagreeable 
winds whicli blow from the sea, by high hills behind iL It 
is surrounded by a fine agricultural country. 

Saucon Vali-et, p. o., Lehigh co., Perm. : 83 m. E. by N". 
Harrisburg. 

SAiroATircK, p. o., Allegan co., Mich,: on the Michigan 
City and Grand Haven post route, S7 m. W. Lansing. 

6AUGERTIE3, t aud p. o., Ulster eo., IT'. V. : on the right 
bank of the Hudson r., 43 m. S. by W. Albany. Drained by 
Plaltsville and Esopus creeks, tributaries of the Hudson r. 
Surfiice on the W. mountainous, being covered by the Cats- 
kill Mountains, and on the E. moderately uneven ; soil of 
average fertility. It derives immense water-power, princi- 
pally from the falls on Esopus cr., and is much improved by 
several manufactories, bloomeries, mills, etc. The p. o. is 
located in the v. of Ulster, near the falls, at which point a 
bridge with one arch of 2,G00 feet span crosses the river. 
Steamboats and sloops ply between this place and New 
York. It contains a bank and other places of business, and 
18 oue of the most flourishing manufacturing places in the 
State. The ''Ulster Telegraph" is a weekly (dem.) issue. 
Pop. oft. S,04S. 

Sauous, t. and p. v., Essex co., 3fass.: 7 m. N. Boston. 

Taken from Lynn, and incorporated under its present 

name in 1S15. Drained l>y Saugus r., which passes through 

it, and enters Lynn bay on the S. Surface near the r. and 

7T2 



bay is level, but the uplands are rough and rocky.- A great 
part of the t. toward the sea is covered by salt meadows ; in 
other parts the soil is rich and well cultivated. It contains 
some manufactories, a lumber-yard, etc. The v. is on the 
Saugus Branch E. R. Pop. oft 1,552. 

Sauk county, WiJiC. Situate toward the S. W., and con- 
tains 9S5 sq. m. Baraboo r. flows through it from "W. to E., 
by which and its branches, and by small streams of Wis- 
consin r., it is drained. Surface hilly; soil fertile; on the 
Wisconsin are some fine tracts of land, which are very pro- 
ductive. It is well timbered. Farms 245, manuf. 7, dwell. 
S44, and pop.— wh. 4,370, fr. col. 1— total 4,371. Cajjital : 
Adams. 

Safk Papids, p. v., and cap. Benton co., Minn Ter. : at 
the second rapids, on the left bank of the Mississippi r., G7 
m. N. W. SI- Paul. It contains a court-house, etc. 

Saitk Village, p. o., La Porto co., Ind. : 125 m. N. N. W. 
Indianapolis. 

Saukville, t. and p. v., Washington co., Wt'iic, : 75 m. 
E. N. E. Madison. Drained by Milwaukie r. The v. is on 
theW. side of the r. Pop. of v. S40, and of 1. 1.796. 

Saitlt de Ste Marie, t., p. v., and cap. Chippewa co., 
Mich.: bordering on St. Mary's r. or strait. 255 m. N. 
Lansing. The v. has an elevated location on the border of 
the r.. at the Falls of Ste Marie, and is an old Jesuit mission- 
ary station. It is a famous fishing-place, immense quantities 
of white fish being caught and salted there for the markets 
of the West. The falls are merely rapids, with a fall of only 
20 feet in a mile. It contains a court-house, jail, and other 
public buildings. At Fort Brady is a U. S. military post, and a 
storehouse of the American Fur Company, and there is also 
a U. S. land office located here. Vessels come to the foot 
of the rapids, and the cargoes are transported three-fourths 
of a mile by land to the head of the rapids, and re-shipped. 
The inhabitants are composed of Americans, French, and 
Indians. They employ themselves chiefly in trading for 
furs, and in the fisheries. In 1S50 Sault de Ste Marie had 
ISO dweUings, 890 inhabitants, 15 of whom were colored ; 
and the value of real estate owned. $101,980. The imports 
for same year amounted to $151,134, and the exports 
$340,800. The ''Lake Superior Journal" is a weekly (min- 
ing) issue. A canal is in course of construction around the 
Falls, to be 100 feet wide and 12 deep, with locks 250 feet long 
and 60 feet wide, the whole length to be one mile, so that 
the navigation of the lower lakes may pass readily these fulls 
into Lake Superior. 

SALrNDEKSVTLLE, p. V., Vaudcrburgh CO., Ind.: on the 
Evansville and Illinois R. P., 133 m. S. S. W. Indianapolis. 
It is a small but neat village, and has a fine agricultural 
country surrounding it. 

Saundersville, p. 0., Worcester co,, Mass.: 145 m. W. 
Boston. 

Sauquoit, p. v., Oneida co., JVi 5' ; on both sides of Sau- 
quoit cr., 81 m. W. N. W. Albany. The water-power is 
good, and is much improved by manufactories, mills, etc. 
In the vicinity is an inflammable sulphur spring, the waters 
possessing valuable medicinal qualities, and the gas which 
escapes is used for lighting the public house, which is located 
near by. 

Sauta, p. T., Jackson co., Ala. : on a small cr. of the 
Tennessee r., 157 m. N. Montgomery. 

Savagk, p. v., Howard county, Ml. : on the Lillle Pa- 
tuxent r., and on the Washington Branch 11. P., 20 m. 
N. W. Annapolis. There are extensive iron works in the 
vicinity. 

Savage river, Alleghany co., Md. : a large stream drain- 
ing the valley between Hoop Pole Mountain and Great 
Savage Mountain, from both of which it derives its waters, 
and falling into the N. branch of the Potomac f., about 2 m. 
W. of Lonaconing cr. Monro Kun. Middle fork, and Crab- 
tree cr. are its principal alfiuentju. The Baltimore and Ohio 
K. E. takes the course of this stream to the junction of Crab- 
tree creek. 



SAV 



SAV 



Savaiie Geant. p. o., "Wayne i-o., Vtrg.: 270 in. AV. by N. 
Eichmond. 

Savannah, p. v., and cap. Carmll rn,. ///, ; on the bank 
of tlip AfissLssippi r.. '27 in. below Galena, loS in. N. hy W. 
SprinijUeM. It contains a eourt-luuise, jail, etc., and it is 
the lurniinus of the Savannali and Ki-anUfort U. K. 

Satannaii, p. v., and cap. Andrew co.. J/o. .- 3 ni. N. of 
tho Missouri r., and IGS rn. N. \V. JcfU-rs'jn City. It con- 
tains a eourl-hnnse, jail, i-tc. 

Savannah, p. eily, port of entry, and eaj). Clialliam co., 
G(i. : on the S. side of the r. of the same name, IS in. fmni 
the ocean, and in a direct Une Vu ni., or by railroad 1S7 m. 
K. S. K. Milledj^c'ville. Lat. 'd^^ 1)4' .".(J" N.. and long. Sio OS' 
IS" W. Its site is on a dry sand bluff, elevated some -lO feet 
alinvc lew-water mark, from E. to W., extending alnng the 
rivtT upward of a mile, lenninaling abruptly at either ex- 
tremity. Opitosite the city, hes ilnlcliinsuii'3 Ishuid. 

The ordinary eUn-ation of the tide in tlie Savannali r. is 
about S feet, and the salt wal<T approaches usually witiiin 4 
or in. of the city. In its course to the ocean the river ia 
divided into numerous channels by small marsh islands. 
The bar at its mouth is the deepest and most accessible of 
nny on Ihe Southern Atlantic const, and its channel is from 
a half to three-fourths of a mile wide. Tlie average deptli 
is 19 feet at low water, and hence with a full tide a frigate 
may p;uss in safely. Just inside of the bar is Tybec Island, 
abreast of which, about 4 m. from the bar. is good anclior- 
age in ."» or ti fathoms of water. From this anchorage to 
Venus' Point, 9 m. from the city, there is a depth of IS feet; 
from the " Poinf' to " Five Fatliom,'' '2^ m. from the city, 
there is a depth of 17 feet, and thence to the city, a depth of 
15 feet The Savannah is navigal)le for steamboats of mod- 
erate dr.afl to Augusta, '23U m. above its mouth. Tlie port 
of Savannah has several light-houses, which are noted in 
the List of LiGiiT-norsi-S, 

Savannah, as a city, is one of the healthiest and most 
beautiful on the Southern coast. It ia laid out with regular- 
ity, the streets crossing eacli other at right angles, and 
iiaviiig between every second street a public square ; these, 
about IS or '20 in numl>er, arc generally inclosetl ami orn.a- 
mentcd with shade trees, and many of the streets are orna- 
mented in the same manner, which gives them a beautiful 
and rural appearance. The present dimensions of the city 
are about a mile by three-quarters of a mile. The number 
of dwellings in the city is about 2.000, chiefly of wood, but 
(he warehouses and stores, in number about 4M0, are almost 
without exception brick buildings. This preponderance of 
wooden structures hail exposed the city to several serious 
contlagrations: the year I?>'20 is memorable for the destruc- 
tion by tire of 463 buildings, which with their contents were 
valued at $400,1100; but since this event brick has more 
generally been used as a building maleri.al. The ware- 
iiouses are ranged along (he river front, 8 or 4 stories high 
toward the river, accessible to the lower story from tlie 
wiiarve^, and to the upper stories from the city. 

Among the public buildings, llie most conspicuous are 
the Court-house. Jail, Custoni-honse, Exchange, Arsenal, 
United States Barracks, City Hall, a markel-lionse, several 
hospitals and asylums, a theatre, etc The Exchange is a 
heavy Gothic structure. 5 siories high. The new Custom- 
Imuse is in length no feet, depth 52 feet, an <i ui height, from 
the pavement to the ridge of the roof, 52 feet. The base- 
ment slory is devoted to the postrOlTice ami the appraiser's 
depariment; tlie first or principal floor for custom-house 
purposes, and the third or upper floor for United Sl.-ites 
court- rooms. There are four banking institutions in Savan- 
n.ah— tlie liank of the State of Georgia, capital $750,000; 
Ihe Planters' Bank, capital $5;i5,4'i0; the Marine and In- 
eiirancc Bank, capital $400.0ii0, with privilege to increase it 
{o ^Rnfi.iKiO; the Central Kailroad and Banking Company, 
capital $2,.'i49.lC5. of which 4;205,000 is devoted to banking 
purposes. The total banking capital of these institutions, 
appropriated to the trade and commerce of Savannah, is 



$l,sj)0,400. There is also the S;ivannab Insiimtion for 
Savings. Fourteen foreign insurance ct>mpaiues have 
agencies in Savannah. 

The churches rif Savannah, numbering in all 14 or 15, are 
many of tliem handsome structures. The Independent 
Presbyterian Clinreh is one (»f the [nnst splendid buildings 
of the city; it is built of light-colored granite, and cost 
$100,000. The Episcopalians have 2 churcliea. the Roman 
Catholics 2, of which thai of St. .John the Baptist ia the 
metropolitan church of the diocese; and the Methodists. 
Lutherans, Unitarians, anrl other princijial denominations 
liave severally plact's of worship. There is also a Mariner's 
Church and a dews" Symigogue. 

Savannah, in all that appertains to the education of youth, 
is not behind her sister eitii-s. It is true. i)ublie education 
has not received that altenlion it has in many other places, 
still she has always had a respictaOle number of private 
seminaries, and has sent to instiinlions in other parLs of the 
State and country hundreds of her ynuili of both sexes. 
JIuch, however, can be tlone for public education; but 
Savannah is no location fur hir<^v insiitutions of a scholastic 
nature, which are well sup|ilied by more eligible inland 
towns. 

The newspaper press of Savannali consists of three dai- 
lies and one weekly. The dailies are the "Georgian" 
(dem.). the "Kepublican'' (whig), and the "Daily News" 
(indept.); and the weekly ia the " Frii'ud of Ihe Family" 
(literary'). The circulation of these varies from SOO to 1,200 
copies at each issue. 

According to a census of the eily, taken in 1n52. the total 
population amounted to l^^.iiul souls> clisliLiguished into 
castes and aexcs in the following proporlioLis: 

While persons 6..^51 S.O.Vi 12,204 

Colored persons, free 2 IS ^Ti't (124 

" " slave 2.2115 i\'2i^S 5,473 



Total U,iH'4 



0-01 



IS.501 



Tlie number of inhabitants, according to the federal 
census of !S50. was llj.iiiio. and an enunuTation, made in 
1S4S. showed the pnpnlatiou b> be then <mly 18,.'>75. In- 
crease I'rom 1S4S to 1S.50. 2,4^5, or 1S.;J i)er cent. ; and in- 
crease fromls50tolS52. 2.241. or 13.9 percent; and increase 
in the four years ending l^i52, 4.72(j. or 34.S per cent. The 
decennial progress of the city from Islit, has been as follows: 



ISIO. 
1S20. 
ISSO. 
1S40. 
1S50. 



Total Pf.piilatiii 

5,195... 

T.5-2:?... 

7.776... 

11.214... 



.2,32S. 
. 2.VJ., 
.3,4.SS. 



.44.fi 
. :-i.4 
.44.2 



. 1 1),060 4,S4(3 43.2 



The city is divided into 2G wards, and is governed by a 
mayor and 12 aldermen, annually chosen by the people, 
who, together, .ire styled the City Council. The police con- 
sists, besides the above, of a marshal, 5 citislables, and the 
city watch, consisting of 64 membi rs, with a e.iptain and 
other ofiicers. A Boanl of Health, consisting of two persons 
from each ward and district, is appointed l-y the mayor, on 
the 1st of May of each year. All subonlinale ollieers are 
chosen by the City Council. 

The occupations of tho citizens comprise almost every 
calling found in large cities. The ennnu-ration of lS4SeIas- 
sifiea the male adult white iiopulation thus— 203 merchants, 
factors, and wholesale dealers. 130 sliopkeepers and retail 
grocers. 253 clerks, 15 druggists. 23 pilots, 24 bank officers, 
2S captains of steamers an<i vessels, 1 captain revenue ser- 
vice, 24 butchers, 22 bakers, 22 connected with railroads. 5S 
seamen, S connected with hotels, 4 anctioncer.s, 5 lumber 
measurers, (5 cli'thing stores. 13 connected with steam and 
ollon presses, 2 lolterv ollices, 3 sailors' boarding-house 

773 



SAV 



SAV 



keepers, and 1 of Ihe sailors' home, and 164 laborers, 50 
planters, 14 master builders, 1 marble and stone manufac- 
turer, 8S0 mechanics, 15 ministers of the gospel, 4 judges 
of courts, 36 physicians, 81 attorncjs-al-law, 6 V. 8. army 
and naval oiBcers, 24 L'. S. civil officers, 1 civil engineer, 30 
engineers, 15 teachers, 5 teachers of music, 8 magistrates, 
7 county officers, 27 boot and shoe makers, 14 printers, 3 
booksellers, S watchmakers and jewellers, 18 painters, 6 
manufacturers of tin-ware, 3 editors, 4 dentists, 2 artists, 4 
brickmakers, 3 dyers, 7 cigar-nuikers, 4 public stables, G bar- 
bers, 1 soap and candle manufacturer, 1 engraver, 9 bar- 
rooms, 4 watchmen at banks. 5 sa'ldle and harness makers, 
6 millers, 6 lumber and wood yards, 9 steaTnboat yards, 4 
U. S. soldiers, 9 constables, 12 city officers, 2 ice-houses, 1 
keeper of hospital, a jailor, and a deputy, 70 connected with 
the city watch. 

Of the colored population, 34 free, and 73 slaves, were 
mechanics, 2 free and 5 slaves butchers, 5 free and 1 slave 
barbers, 2 free and 4 slaves engineers and pilots, and 3 free 
preachers. 

From the aboye returns, it will be seen that Savannah is 
weU represented in all tho great departments of industry — 
at least Iwo-tbirds of tho population are immediately or re- 
motely connected with the commerce and trade, and the 
greater part of the remaining Uiird with her manufactures 
and mechanic arts. The learned professions are also amply 
represented. Only 164 persons among the whites are noted 
as laborers, while among the colored 129 only are other than 
laborers and servants. 

Savannah is one of the great commercial cities of the 
South, and as a market for cotton, rice, and lumber, ranks 
among the first. Its exports of cotton for the years 1S51 and 
'52, ending 1st September of each year, were as follows ; 
le.si 52. issor.i. 

Sen Isl.inJ. Uplanil. Sea IslniiJ. Upland. 

Liverpool C,052 . . 90,304 . . 7,410 . . 122,225 

Other British ports.... 501.. 6,461.. 397.. 7,108 

Total Great Britain . 6,663 . . 102.S25 . . 7,807 . . 120,336 

Havre 1,052.. 11,541.. 690.. 10,546 

Other French ports ... — . . — . . — . . 590 

Total France 1,052.. 11,.541.. 690.. 11.130 

Other foreign ports. ... — . . 2,483 . . — . . 4,678 

Total foreign ports. . 7,605 . . 110,849 . . 8,497 . . 146,150 

Boston 108.. 30.291.. 2i:i5.. 22,032 

Providence — .. 3.074.. — .. 1,633 

New York 2,427 . . 145.S77 . . 2,599 . . llS.SiS 

Philadelphia — .. 17,951.. — .. 10,835 

Baltimore & Norfolk.. — .. 4,527.. — .. 8,306 

Charleston 1,121 . . 17,033 . . 841 . . 8,303 

Other U. S. pons — . . 5,600 . . — . . 40 



Total coastwise 3.050 . . 224.953 . . 8,145 . . 160,642 

Total foreign ports. . 7,005 . . 116.849 . . 8,497 . . 145,160 



Grand total... 11,261 841,807 11,042 305,792 

The following exhibits tho number of bags exported in 
the past years, commencing 1842 : 

Years. Foreign Porta. Cf>nstwise. Tnlal. 

1S42 142,386 79,80S 222.254 

1843 193.099 87.727 2S0.826 

1844 130,964 113,611 244.675 

1845 182.073 122,471 804,.5M 

1846 77,852 108.454 180.306 

■ 1847 119,321 114,830 234,151 

1848 127,760 115,478 243,2*3 

1849 — — — 

1850 — — — 

1551 153,047 163.787 317.434 

1852 124,454 228,614 853,063 

T74 



The export of rice in tierces for the last twelve years, has 
been as follows : 

Years. TiereeB. Y'ears. Tierree. 



1340-41 23,557 

1841-42 22,005 

1342-43 26,203 

1343-44 23,543 

1844^5 29,217 

1846-46 32.147 



1340-47 31,739 

1547-4S 30,136 

1843-49 87,348 

1849-50 42,792 

1850-51 35,602 

1851-52 39,939 



The lumber business has rapidly increased within the 
few last years, and it will be seen from the annexed table 
that the exports for the last-named year have e.tceeded 
those f)f any previous one by several millions of feet. There 
are six large steam saw-mills in the immediate vicinity of 
the city : 



Years. Feet. 

1840-41 14.275.200 

1841-42 8,390,400 

1842-43 7,519,550 

154:3-44 6.933,:351 

1844-15 8,270,532 

1846-46 18,555,644 



Venra. Feet. 

1S46-47 10,731,883 

1S47-4S 16,449,553 

1S4S-49 15,3S0,300 

1849-51) 17,719.100 

1850-51 17,704,300 

1S51-52 25,508.500 



The foreign commerce of the collection district of which 
Savannuh is the port of entry, for the year ending Juno 
80th. 1S50, is llius summed up in the U. S. Treasury Report. 
Value of exports $7,551,943, and of imports $686,964. En 
trances, 118 vessels, 57,017 tons and 1,940 men in crews; 
and clearances, 141 vessels, 72,563 tons and 2,2S5 men in 
crews. Tonnage of the district 19,931 tons, of which 10,437 
tons were employed in foreign trade and 9,296 tons in coast- 
ing. The steam tonnage was 6,47S tons. The steam ma- 
rine in 1S52, according to the returns of the U. S. inspector, 
amounted to 27 vessels, 5,750 tons, of which 12 were high- 
pressure vessels and 15 low pressure, which report indicates 
a decrease in the steam marine. The number of vessels 
built in 1850 were 5 (3 being steamboats), mea-suring to- 
gether 634 tons. As the foreign commerce of Georgia all 
centres at Savannah, the progress of the commerce of 
Georgia, as exhibited in the description of the State, will 
also be that of Savannah. 

The commerce of the city has thus become of great mag 
nitude, and its growth of late years has been more rapid 
than previously. The developments that are now making 
of the resources of the State, together with the increased 
facilities for transporting the products of the interior lo this 
one scaptirt nmst insure a more rapid incrense of business 
for the future than has occurred during any period of the 
past 

The port has regular communication with Florida on the 
S. and New York on the N., and other points by steam 
navigation. To Ihe interior, the Savannah r.. on which nu- 
merous steamboats are constantly plying, and tho great line 
ol railroad reaching into Tennessee and Alabama, give it 
facile access, and bring down lo it for exportation an im- 
mense tonnage. Another railroad is being built lu Albany, 
on the Flint r. ; and the Savannah and Ogeechee Canal has 
been thoroughly repaired. These will give it greater facil- 
ities than it has ever enjoyed, and open to its commerce the 
products of wide regions hitherto beyond its reach. 

nistofical Notices of Savannali. — The first settlement of 
Savannah was made in the month of February. 17.S3, by 
General Oglethorpe and some 30 families. On the 7th of 
July following, the settlers assemblecl on the strand (the 
bay) for the purpose of designating the lots. In n devo- 
tional service they united in thanksgiving to God 'Mlial the 
lines had lallen to them in a pleasant place, and that ihey 
were about to have a good heritage." The wants and 
tithings were then named, each ward consisting of four 
tithings, and each tithing often houses, and a house and lot 
was given to each freeholder. After a dinner provided by 
the governor, the grant of a Court of liecord was read, and 
the officers were appointed. The session of the magistrates 
was then held, a jury impanneled, and a case tried. Thia 



SAV 



SAW 



jury was the first impannelcd an Gcortiia. The town was 
governed by three bailiffs, and had a recorder, n?<fister, and 
a Inwn court, holden every six weeks, where all mutters, 
civil and criminal, were decided by tcrand and petit juries, 
.13 in England. No lawyers were allowed to plead for liire, 
nor aHornt-ys to take money, but (as in old times in En- 
gland) every man could plead lii* own cause. In October, 
1741. the government of the colnny was changed from bail- 
iffs to trustees. In ITdO, the numiter of white persons in 
Georgia was computed at about l.fiOO. The finst royal gov- 
ernor of Georgia, Jolm UeynoMs, Esq., arrived in Savan- 
nali in Oct.. 1754. Tlie first [(rinliiig-prcss was estaljllshed 
in 1763, and the ** Georgia Gazette" printed on the 7th April 
of [hat year. In 1766. tlie city consisted of 40i> dwelling houses, 
a church, an independent meeting-house, a coimcil-house, a 
court-house, and a filature. In 1770, the city extended on tlie 
west lo what is now Jefferson .Street, on tlie east to what is 
now Lincoln Street, and on the south to what is now South 
Eroad Street, and contained six squares and twelve streets, 
besides the bay. On the 5th June, 1775, the first liberty- 
pole was erected in Savannah. The first attack by the 
British on Savannah was made on the 3d March, 1776. It 
en<led in the discomfiture of the regulars, under Majors 
Maitland and Grant. Oti the 2StIh December. 177S, Savan- 
nah was taken by the British. In October, 1773, an uiisuo- 
cessful attempt was made by the French and American 
armies tn recapture Savannah from the British. Count 
B'Estaing ami General Lincoln were the eomniantlers. Six 
hundred and thirty-seven of Ihe French, and two hunilr(.-<l 
and tl)rty-one of the continentals and inililia were killed and 
wounded. In this attack Puht'tki fell. The spot wliere he 
w:is shot down is about one hundred rods from the present 
<]ej)6t of the Central II. R. On the 11 lb July, 17S3, Savannah 
was formally given up by the British to the Americans. 
The first session of the Legislature of the State was held in 
Savannah in January, 17S4, in the brick house now stand- 
ing in South Eroad Street. In December, 17>9, a law was 
passed by the legislature making Savannah a ciiy. The 
first mayor (elected in 1790) was John Iloustoun. In Nov., 
I7D6. the first destructive fire occurred in Savannah. It 
broke out in a bake-house in Market Square, and destroyed 
■229 houses, besides out-houses, etc. Estimated loss of prop- 
erty, $I.OuO, 00. In May, lsl4, arrived in the waters of 
Savannah the United St;ites sloop-of-war Peacock, Lewis 
"Warrington commander, bringing in as a prize II. B. M. 
brig-of-war Epervier, Captain Wales, of IS guns. The 
Epervier had on board $110,000 in specie, which was con- 
demned and distributed according to law. In April, 1S19, 
arrived the steamship Savannah, from New York, This 
steamer was projectctl and owned in Savannah, and was 
the first steamship Iniilt in tlie United States, and the first 
that ever crossed the Atlantic. She left Savannah in May 
for Liverpool, and afterward proceeded to St. Petersburg. 
In January, 1S20, occurred the largest fire which ever 
ravaged the city. It commenced on the east side of Old 
Eranklin "Ward. Four liuiidrid and sixty-three buildings 
were destroyed, besides out-buildings. Loss upward of 
$4,000,000. 

Savasnait. t. and p. o., Wayne county, JV! T. : 16i1 m. 
W. N. W..AU>any. Crusoe lake is located ccntral'y. by Ihe 
otUlet of which the t. is drained. Surface level; on the E- 
swampy, coveretl by Montezuma Marsh, and on the W. fir- 
lile. The Ilochesler and Syracuse (direct) 11. R. passes 
through this t. Pop. l,Tno. 

S.WANNAn. p. v., and cap. Ashland co., Ola'o: near a 
branch of the Walhonding r.. 70 ni. N. N. E. Columbus. It 
cnniains the county court-house and other public buildings, 
mechanic shops, etc. 

Savasn.vu, p. v., and cap. Hardin county, Temi. : on the 
right bank of llie Tennessee r., 103 m. S. W. Nashville, and 
contains the c<>urt-Iiouse, jail, and other public buildings, 
pop. 502. 

Bavaxnaii, p. v., ReiJ River county, Tex. : on White 



Oak creek of North furl: of the Red river, 2S7 m. N. E. 
Austin City. 

Savannah river. O'd. : has its sources in the nurth-east- 
ern part of the Slate of Georgia, and the north-western 
counties of South Camlina, m-ar the southern boundary of 
Norih ("arolina. and in about lat. 35^, and in louir. Ijo to 
iP 30' West of Washinglon t^ity. The river is formed by the 
juni'tion of liie Tusalo and Keowee rivers, having their 
sources in a mountainous regiim of primitive formation, and 
its general course is southward, inclining from 35^ to 38° to 
the easi, but the channel is a very wimiingone. and at some 
piiints the river flows in a direction N. of E.. or N. of W. 
The length of ils channel from source to mouth is not less 
than 4.')0 m., wliereas ihe tliri'ct distance isonly about 250 m. 

The Savannah and its tributaries draiu an extent of 
country equal to al)out 8,200 sq. m., and all the branches 
which flow in above Augusia have tht-ir rise in tlie m'umt- 
ains or hilly sections of cnunlry, and have con'^idirable ve- 
locity of current with rapids and falls at <lin"ererit points; in 
some degree, such is also llie cliaraeter of the muiu river to 
its source. Passing to llir S. of Augusta, the features of the 
bordering country change, becoming coniparaiively level 
and flat, and the ciirrmls in the river, asa consequence, are 
less rapid. In this lower portion of the river, the chauuel 
is more crooked ; the distance from Augusta to Savannah, 
by waler. being about 2oij m., whereas the direct distance is 
about 115 m. 

The current in the uppir part of the Savannah r. and its 
tribularii's. beitig more rapid Hum they are when the river 
approaches the ocean, considerable quanlilics of carlh are 
washeil frum Ihe biittoms and banks as it passes through 
the Iiiliy cnunlry, and carried in suspension to the more 
sluirgisli piirtions, Ibrrning bars and shoals. Some of the 
oI»^[^u•lions, even so far down as the city cjf Savannah, are 
probably firmed in tliis way, and thesi- bars are i:enerally 
composed of a silicious gravel and sand, Willi a small pro- 
piirtion of alumina and lighter earlhs. 

Tlie products nf the country bordering on the river above 
Augusta, are principally corn, wheat, rye, potatoes, cotton, 
limber, h(|gs, sheep, oxrn, mutes, and linrses; Ihe main pro 
duclions of the niid<lle and 3. sections are corn, pi>latois 
cotton, rice, antl timber. 

The river above the city of Savannah is subject to the 
freshets, which often overflow its banks, doing much injury 
to the bordering plantations of corn, cotton, ami rice. Tho 
losses, from overflow, however, are confined to localities 
above tho city, the plantations below being but little ex 
jtosed to injury from like causes. 

The Savanuah r.. near Ihe mouth, becomes a tidal stream, 
and the fiood-lides, in ordinary stages of the riviT, asc.'n<l to 
a point about 45 ni. from the ocean, or 2S m. above the city 
of Savannah. 

Savei:n. p. o., Owen co., K'j.: 4T m. N. Frankfurt. 

Savin Hii.i,, sta., Norfolk co., Mciss.: on the Old Colony 
Railroad. 3 m. S. Boston. 

Savon.v, p. n. and sta.. Steuben co., K Y. : on the Buffalo, 
Corning, and New York R. R., 13 m. N.W. Corning. 'Md m. 
N. W. (by railroad) New York City, and 1S5 miles (direct) 
W. by S. 'Albany. 

Savoy, Land p. v.. Berkshire co., J/l/.w. ; 103 m. W. by N. 
Boston. Draiufd by branches of Il.iosick. Dcfrfield, and 
Westfleld rivers. Surface mountainous and uneven ; soil 
bi-lter ailapted to grazing than tillage. Incorporated in 
179T. The v. is at the confluence of two streams, which 
constitute the head waters of Westflcid r. Pup. of t. 955. 

Saw Mn.i., p. v.. Dale co., Ala.: belween the E. ,and W. 
braiichcs of Choetawhalchce r., S4 m. S. E. Montgomery. 

Saw Mit.i, rivi-r. Westrhcsler co., .V. K ; rises in New- 
castle t., flows S. by W., and enters th(^ Ihulson r. at the v. 
of Yonkers. St-vcral mills and faclories are located on its 
banks. 

SAWYEr.'fi Mii.i.s. p. v., Lexington di=t., K Cir.: on a 
hiad branch of North Edisto r., 39 m. S. W. CobuidMa. 

775 



SAW 



sen 



Sawyersville, p. 0., Kandolph co., I^. Car.: G7 in. W. 
Ealcigh. 

SAXENBrBO, p. v., Cutler co., Petin.: 155 ni. W. N. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Sack's Mii-ib, p. v., Franklin co., V^rm. : on the E. of 
Mississquifi bay, 57 m. N. W. Montpelier. 

Saxoxvillk-, p. v., Middlesex C(»., Mits-t.: on the left bank 
of the SiKlbury r., IS ra. W. Boston. It is the terminus of 
Ihe Saxonville branch of the Boston and Worcester K. 11., 
5 ni. N. of junction at Natick. 

Saxton'8 Uivkr, p. v., Windham Qo.,Verm.: on led bank 
of Saxton's brandi of Connecticut r., S m. S. Montpelier. 

Saxton'8 river, Venn.: formed by the union of several 
streams in Graflon. and runnino; in an K. direction about 
V) m., Ihrouirh the S. part of llocUinirhnin, falls into Con- 
necticut r. abriut 1 m. below Bellows Fall'*. 

Saybiiook, t, p. v., and sia., Middlesex CO., Conn. : on 
W. side of Gonneeticut r., at its mouth, 36 m. S. 8. E. Hart- 
ford, and by N(^w TIaven and New London It. U., 31 m. E. 
New Uaveii. J^urface uneven and stony; soil moderately 
fertile. Drained by the CoiinecMcut ami several creeks. 
Its interests in navigation are much affected liy the bar at 
the mouth of the r., from which its harbor sets up. At this 
place the river is not frozen in winter. A ferry crosses it to 
Lyme. Considerable ship-building is carried on, and sev- 
eral vessels are cmi)loyed in the coasting trade. The shad 
fishery in the spring is diligently prosecuted, and is a source 
of considerable wealth, while large quantities of other fish 
are taken throughout the year. The v. at the point was 
first settled in 1035. It contains 2 churches, and was once 
the location of Yale College. In the N. part of the t. is the 
flourishing v. of Essex. Pop. of t, in 1S40, 8,417 ; in 1S50, 
8,S4S. 

Saybrook, t, p. v., and sta., Ashtabula co., 07iJo : near 
Lake Erie, 169 ra. N. E. Columbus. Drained by two small 
streams flowing N. into the lake. The village is centrally 
situated. The Cleveland and Erie K. R. passes through the 
K". of t., on which is the sta., 50 m. N. E. Cleveland. Pop. 
of 1 1,374. 

Saylorsburo, p. o., Monroe county, Penn. : 95 m. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Satlorvillk, p. v., Polk co., la. : on a cr. flowixg into 
the Des Moines r., lOS m. W. Iowa City. 

Sayville, p. v., Suffolk CO., ^' 5'. : near Great South bay, 
51 m. E. New York city, and 145 m. S. E. Albany. 

ScAEBOROuGH, p. V,, Scriven co., Ga.: on the Central 
(Georgia) K. R., E. side of Ogeechee r., 70 m. N. "W. Sa- 
vannah, and 91 m. E. S. E. (direct) from Milledgeville. 

ScAEBOROucn, t., p. v., and sta., Cumberland co., Jf^. ; 
between Saeo and Portland, and bordering on the Atlantic 
Ocean, Gl ra. S. \V. Augusta. Drained by Nonsuck river, 
flowing through i( ; soil rich, and it has large quantities of 
salt marshes. It is principally an agricultural t., but ship- 
building is carried on to some extent, and several vessels 
are employed in the coasting trade and fisheries. The dis- 
tinguished slati'sman, Rufus King, and his half-brother, 
'William King, the first governor of Maine, were born in this 
town. The v. is on the Portland, Saco, and Portsmouth 
Railroad, 45 m. N. E. Portsmouth (N. H.). Population 
of 1. 1,837. 

ScARSDALE, t. and p. v., TVestchester co., N. Y.: 1.'53 m. 
(by railroad) S. Albany. Drained by Bronx river. Surface 
rolling; soil fertile. The Harlem R. 11. passes through Ihe 
t., on which the v. is located, 2*2 m. from New York city. 
It is a small but neat v., with 342 inhabitants. 

ScHAGUTiroKE, t. and p. v., Rensselaer co., 2^. Y. : 9 m. 
N. Troy, and IG m. N. by E. Alljany. Drained by Ti)mha- 
nic creek and Hoosic river, flowing into the Hudson, which 
bounds it on the W. Surface moderately uneven ; soil fer- 
tile. It has extensive water-power, and a number of manu- 
factories, mills, etc. The v. is located on Hoosic r., E. of 
the Hudson, and is a thriving manufacturing place ; cotton, 
Uncn, and hemp goods, powder, and powder kegs are 
776 



largely manufactured. The Troy and Boston R. R. passes 
through, and the Troy and Rutland R. R. diverges from 
this v., 12 m. from Tmy. Pop. of t. :?,290. 

ScuATrLRsviLLK, BcrlvS CO., Pc'ntt.: here are located four 
forges, two of which (in lS5t)) made 250 tons blooms and SO 
tons bar iron ; moved by water-power. 

ScnEi.LSBun.'i, p. v., Bedford co., Peim. ; 91 m. W. by 9. 
Harrisburg. 

ScHEXECTADY counly, y. Y. Situate toward the E.. and 
contjiins ISG sq. ni. Drained by Mohawk river and Sch<»- 
hariekill and Normanskill, Surface diversified, with low 
hills and valleys ; soil various, but fertile in general, particu- 
larly so along the banks of the Mohawk r. Chief produets 
wheat, Indian eorn, ami potatoes. Agricultural pursuits 
are much followed by the inhubitanLs. It conLnins s<^)[ne 
minerals, and has good slate quarries. Farms 1,1)40; 
mannf. 107 ; dwell. 8,li^5. and pop.— wh. 19,667, ft*, col. 3S7— 
total 20,054. Capital : Schenectady. PuUU' WorH : Cen- 
tral R. R. ; Schenectady and Saratoga R. R. ; Troy and 
Schenectady R. R. ; Erie Canal. 

Schenectady, p. city, and cap. Schenectady co., 2i. Y. : 
on S. side of Mohawk r.. 17 m. N. W. Albany. Lai. 42° 43' 
N. ; long. 73° 55' W. This is one of the oldest cities in the 
Slate, having been first settled by the Dutch al)out 162ii, 
and chartered March 2G, 179S. On February 8, 1G90, the v., 
then consisting of G3 houses and a church, was taken at 
night by the French and Imlians, sacked and burned, who 
murdered 63 inhabitants and took 27 captives. The city 
contains a city hall, and jail, county offices, market, lyceum, 
female academy, and 10 churches. Its manufactures are 
considerable, chiefly of flour, paper, cotton goods, iron, 
leather, and machinery. One broom factory in the vicinity 
makes annually about l,SOO,Oi)0 brooms. There are 2 banks, 
with aggregate ca]>ital of $315,000, and 1 savings bank. 
The Erie Canal passes through the city, and 4 lines of rail- 
road here connect, viz., Albany and Schenectady R. R., 17 
m. ; Troy and Schenectady K. R., 20 m. ; Saral(»ga and 
Schenectady R. R., 22 m. ; Utiea and Schenectady R. R., 
73 m. The "S. Cabinet" (whig), and "S. Reflector" (deni.) 
are issued weekly. Union College, located here, was 
founded in 1795, is pleasantly situated on an eminence over- 
looking the city, with spacious grounds and several large 
edifices. In 1S50 it had 12 professors, 2,725 alumni, 266 
students, and 15,0n0 volumes in its library. Pop. in 1S40, 
6.7S4; in 1S50, S,921. 

ScHENEViTS, p. o., Otsego CO., JV". Y. : 72 ra. "W. Albany. 

SciiLEisiNGKiaviLLE, p. o., Washington co., Wine. : 67 ra. 
N. E. Madison. 

Sen NECKS viLLE, p. o., Lcdiigli CO., Penn.: 10 m. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

ScHODACE, t., Rensselaer county, iV: Y. : S miles S. by E. 
Albany. Drained by several small streams flowing into Ihe 
Hudson river, which bounds it on the W. Surface uneVen ; 
soil fertile. Its water-power is good, and there are some 
mills, etc. Schodack Centre, Scliodaek Dep6t, and S.-ho- 
duck Landing, are names of post-ofl5ces. The Hudson 
River R. R., and Western R. R. both pass through this town. 
Pop. 3,510. 

ScnoDACK Centre, p. o., Rensselear co., K. K .• is a small 
settlement 7 m. S. E. Albany. 

ScnoDACK Di:i'6t, p. v. and sta., Renssclac-r co., K Y. : 
on the Western R. R., S ra. N. Kinderhook, and 8 m. S. E. 
Albany. 

ScnoPACK Landing, p. v. and sta., Rensselaer co,, K. Y. : 
on Ihe left bank of the Hudson r., and on the Hudson River 
R. R., 64 m. N. Poughkeepsie, 11 ra. S. Albany. It con- 
tains several stores, warehouses, and a hay press; and a 
number of sloops are owned here which ply between tlie v. 
and New Y'ork. 

ScnoENECK, p. o., Lancaster county, Penn. : 85 m. 3. E. 
Harrisburg. 

ScnonARiE county, .V. T. Situate toward the E.,and con- 
tains 021 sq. m. Drained by Schoharie cr. and its tribute 



SCH 



SCH 



aries. Surface generally mountaiiions, '.\w\ wtU iulupted to 
grazing. Tlic main branch of Dm Catskill Mnmitains cross 
the S. portion of the co. ; soil tl-rtile, and on llie streams llic 
land 18 productive. Chief prodvietions, wheat and Indian 
corii. IL has some beds of bo<;-iron ore, and water lime- 
stone. Sulphur sprin£;3 arc found in ditr^rcnt pans, which 
arc gaining celebrity, particularly those at Sharon. Farms 
2,4;59; niaiinf. 2Vi; dwell. 5.STS. and pop.— wli. .*3.J,i!ii'2, fr. 
col. 450— total 30,542. CV//>/Yf(^■ Schoharie. Public Wurl's: 
N'-wburc; and Syracuse li. R. (projected). 

Soiion.v];iK, t., p. v., and csip. Schoharie co., K Y. : 2S m. 
W. Albany. Drained by Schnharie creek, which passes 
llu-ongh it from N. to S., and Fox creek. afP'rdin^ excellent 
water-power. Surface various, in parts hilly, with extensive 
valleys; soil i if great fertiliiy. and well cultivated. The v. 
is located on the rii;ht b,ank of tlic creek so calleil, and con- 
tains a court-lionsc, jail, and other public buildings, an in- 
cnrporatml academy, anti other places of instruction ; print- 
ing oftlccs, mechanic, sliopa, clc, and llie "S. Kepuhliean" 
(\vliii;), and ^"S. Palriul" (deni.) are both weekly issues. 
Top. of L2,5<S. 

Scnomno lakes, 3fe. : these lakes are about twelve in num- 
ber, lying in Ihe N. part of Washington c'>..and from thence 
issues the SuIioo<iie cr. "W. branch of St. Croix r. 'J'lie most 
E. nf these is Big hike, of irregular lorin, aljoni m. long, 
conneeled by a rapid stream 3 miles long, with Grand lake, 
13 miles long, very deep, and remarkably clear. Jt is well 
stocked with flsh. The other are oti the S. "W., Pocumcus, 4 
miles long, and the Waboosis 3 m. long. In a AV. direction 
lies the SiclaI)obsi8, 10 miles in extent, and farther N. is the 
Ilorse-shotj lake, so called from its form, and also the Junior 
lake, G miles long. Still fartiier on is Scraggled lake, of an 
irregular siiape; also the Pleasant lake, 5 miles long, with 
some others of less size. They are all connected by consid- 
erable sized streams, and except between the Big and 
Grand lakes, there is a continuous boat navigation of nearly 
ino miles in extenL The surrounding country is very fertile 
anil well wno'led. 

S(iio(ti.(;uAi-T county, Mic?t. Situate centrally in the N. 
pfninsubi, and contains 2,516 sq. m. Drained by Ihe Mon- 
istique river and its branches, Wliite Fish and Kapid rivers, 
and other streams. Surface in the interior level, on llie 
Jake shore rocky; soil various. Pine and tiiher timbers 
abound. Farms 0; manuf. 0; dwell. 5, and pop. — wh. 10, 
fr. col. 0— total 16. Capital : — 

SciiooLruAtT, t. and p. v., Kalamazoo co., 3fich. : CG m. 
S. W. Lansing. \Vatere<i by a number of ponds, the outlets 
of which form in part the head waters of a branch of St. 
Joseph's river. It is a rich and fertile farming country, witli 
good mill privileges. The v. near the centre of Prairie 
Konde is a thriving place, and contains about 300 inhabit- 
ants. Pop. of I. 1,101. 

ScnooLEY's Mountain, p. v., Morris co., Ni Jer. : 43 m, 
N. Trenton. The spring located near the top of the mount- 
ain has a temperature of 5i>^ Fahrenheit, anii discharges 30 
gallons an hour. The region abounds with magnetic iron 
ore. In the neighborhood of the springs are well kept 
hotels, boarding schools, etc., and 7 miles farther on the 
mountain is Budd'sPond,2 miles long and 1 broad, of great 
depth, .ind abounding with fish. 

SenooLRY's mountain, Morris co., K Ji'v. : forms a part 
of a chain which extends in a N. K. and S. W. din-ciii-n 
across the Slate, from the Delaware to the Hudson riv.-r. It 
misses Ihe N. W. part of the county with a height of 6uO 
feet from its base, and about 1,100 feet above the level of the 
ocean. A mineral spring near its top has given it consider- 
able celebrity. 

SnnKAAr.KNRrp.G, p. 0., Bergen co., K. Jer.: on a creek 
of Hackensack r., 59 m. N. E. Trenton, 

ScnnoKi'KL, t., Oswego county, K, Y. : liiO m. "W. N. W. 
Alltany. Drained by Oneida and Oswego r.. the latter 
bounding it on the S. W. Surface uneven ; soil fertile. It 
b;is some small manufactures and several mills. Phu'iiix 

B5 



is the name of the post-oQice. Population of town, including 
Phfenix, 3,253. 

ScHBOoN Lake, p. o.. Essex co., N. Y. : SO m. N. Albany. 

ScuKooN lake, A''. Y.: lies i)arlly in Essex county, and 
partly in Warren co. ; it is It) miles long, and from one to 
two in width, abounding with trout and other kinds uf fish. 
Deer and wild g.-mic are found in abundance on its borders, 
wliich in the IC. arc surrounded by a dense Ibrest. 

ScuRooN lIiVKH, p. o., Esscx CO., K. Y. : 77 m, N. Albany. 

ScnuLTZsviLi.F,, \K o., Duchess coimty, JS\ Y. : 63 m. S. 
Albany. 

SciiuMLA, p. o., Riiehic county, Virrj.: 22^ m. N, W. 
Kichmond. 

ScnuYLEii county, //I. Situate toward the W.. and con- 
tains 334 sq. m. Dr.iined by Sugar, Crane, and Crooked 
creeks, all tribularies of Illinois r., which runs on its S. E. 
border. Surface undulating; soil fertile. Chief produc- 
tions, wheat and Indian corn. Pork and beef are largely 
exported. It is well wooded. Farms C24; manuf, 52; 
dwell. 1,7S3. anil pop.— wh. 10,547, fr. col. 26— total 10,573. 
Capital: ilusbville. 

ScnirvLEi: county. .Vn. Situate N.. and contains 351 sq. m. 
Drained by North, Middle, and South forks nf Fabius r., 
anil branches of Chariton creek. Surface undulating; soil 
fertile. A large portion of the land is well timbered. Farms 
446; manuf. 5; dwell. 539, and pop.— wh. 3,230, fr, col, 2, 
si. 55— total 3,287. (^ipital: Lancaster. 

SciiuvLEK. sta., Sangamon co.. ///..■ on tlie Sangamon 
and Morgan U. li.. in. W. Springtield. 

ScnrYLEii's I'ai.us. t and p. o.. Clinton co., A'. Jfi\ : 5 m, 
"W. by S, Plattsburg, and 139 ni. N. Albany, The Saranac 
r. bounds itonthe N., and it is drained by Salmon cr., af- 
fording extensive water-power. Surface in i)arts hilly; soil 
fertile. It has some extensive manufactoriei*, and the sur- 
rounding country is rich in agricultural and mineral pro- 
ductions. Pop. 2,110. 

Schuyler's Lakb, p. o., Otsego co., K. Y. : 74 m. W. by N. 
Albany. 

SeiiuTLERSviLLr., p. v., Saratoga CO., N. Y.: on Ihe W. 
bank of the IIu<lson r., at ils conflnence with French rr., 
7 m. E. Saratoga Springs, 36 m. N, Albany. Ine()rporated 
in 1S31. The Champlain ('anal jtas-ses Ihroiigh, and, with 
the cr., furnishes extetisive water-power. It is a thriving 
manufacturing village, containing cotton and woolen fac- 
tories, iron foundries, macliine shops, mills, etc. The 
British arms, under I'.urgfiyne, sustained a defeat ut Bemis' 
Heights, near this i>lace, on the 17th October. 1777. by the 
Americans, under General Gates. The Schuybrsville acad- 
emy, an incorporated institution, is located in this v. The 
" Old Saratoga'' (nent.) is a weekly issue. 

Schuylkill county, Penn, Situate E. centrally, and con- 
tains 6S4 sq. nu Drained by Schuylkill r. and its atlluenls, 
and small tributaries of Susquehanna r. Surface varied; 
on the streams there is some fine land, but the general fea- 
ture of the CO. is mountainous ; soil, witli the exception of 
the river bottoms, is poor ami barren, and in m:iny parts 
rocky. It contains extensive beds of mineral coal, which 
are much celebrated forlhcir qmility. Farms 1,247 : manuf. 
i)54; dwell. 10,671, :md ])op,— wh. 00,307. fr. co). 406— total 
60,713. Capital: Orwigsburg. Pnhlic iri>;7.-,s.- Phila- 
delphia and Iteading 11. i:. ; Calawissa 11. B. ; Little Schuyl- 
kill R. R.; and a number of railroads extending to the 
mines; also Sohnylkill (^anal. 

Schuylkill, t., Sciinylliill county, P^nin.: 55 m. N, E. 
Ilarrisburg. This is an extensive coal district, and the cap- 
ital invested in tlie coal trade during the fiscal year ]S,50 was 
$133,S15, monthly wages paid. .t«,.'i70, annu.al product of the 
mines, .$119,000, valued at $231. -^UO. A railroad connects 
this place with the Mine Hill B. U., at Schuylkill Haven. 

SeiiuYLKiLL. t. and p, o., Cliestrr co., Penn.: on the W. 
side of Schuylkill r., "0 m. E. Harrisburg. Drained by 
French and Sloney creeks. Surface level ; soil fertile. The 
Pliiladelphia ami Beading U. li, p-asscs through its E. part. 

77T 



SCH 

ScniPENCK's Stoke, p. o., Monlgomery co., Penn.: S3 
m. E. Harrisbnrg. 

SciiLVLKiLi. river, Pa. : rises by Ihree branches in Schuyl- 
kill CO.. and flowing S. E., enters the Delaware r., 7 ni. 
bHow Philadelpliia. lis length is 140 m. The most im- 
portant ()l' its tributaries are Tulpeliocken cr. from the W., 
and Pcrkioinen cr. from the E. Vessels of from :3U0 to 400 
tons ascend to tlie W. wharves of Philadelphia, where its 
average depth at common tides is from 13 to 14 feet. By 
means of canals and pools, it is navigable 108 m. An im- 
mense quantity of coal is transported on it. 

Schuylkill Bend, p. o., Berks county, Penn, : 49 m. E. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Schuylkill Haven, p. v., Schuylkill co., /V7i7i.;near the 
Schuylkill r., and on the Philadelphia and Reading II. li., 
69 m. N. W. Philadelphia, and 43 m. N. E. Ilarrisburg. It 
is connected with the coal region in the vicinity by the 
Mine Hill K. E., 12 m. Tremont, and with Philadelphia and 
Port Carbon by the Schuylkill Navigation Canal. A fur- 
nace of SOO tons annual capacity, operated by water-power, 
is located near the village. The *'S. H. Map" is a weekly 
whig issue. Pop. 2,061. 

SciE>-CEviLLE, p. o., Stewart co., Gcu: 107 m. S. W. 
Millcdgeville. 

Scio, t. and p. v., "Washtenaw co., Mich. ; 45 m. S. E. 
Lansing. Drained by Huron r., Honey and Mill creeks. 
Surface undulating; soil very prolific, generally black, sandy 
loam, ankl elay. There is a great variety of excellent tim- 
ber in the t and vicinity. The Michigan Central K. \\. 
passes through the N. part, on which is Delhi station, 41 m. 
W. Detroit. The v. is 2 m. S. of the li. R. Pop. of 1. 1,195. 

Scio, t., p. \;, and sta., Alleghany county, N^. }*. ; 14S m. 
W". by S. Albany. Drained by Genesee r., and branches of 
the Alleghany r. Surface much broken, and heavily lim- 
bered; soil fertile. It has good water-power, and some 
mills. The v. and sta. are on the Erie R. R., 361] m. from 
New York and 93) m. from Dunkirk. Pop. oft. 1,924. 

Scio, p. o., Harrison county, Ohio: 99 m. K. by N. 
Coluinbua. 

SciOTA, p. 0. and sta.. Clinton co., K Y. : on the Platts- 
burg and Montreal R. E., 15 m. N. Plaltsburg, 157 m. N. 
Albany. 

Scioto county, 0?no. Situate S., and contains 504 sq. m. 
Scioto r. passes through it centrally, by which and its 
branches, and by Little Scioto r. it is drained. Surface in 
general uneven; soil fertile, and on the streams very pro- 
ductive; wheat and Indian com are the principal produo- 
tions. It is bounded on the S. by the Ohio. Earms 751 ; 
nianuf. 73; dwell. 3,036, and pop.— wh. 1S,174. fr. col. 254 — 
totid 1S.423. Capital: Portsmouth. PuUic Wo/As: Scioto 
and Hocking Valley R. E. ; Iron R. R. ; Ohio Canal. 

Scioto, p. o., Scioto co., Ohio : 7S m. S. by E. Columbus. 

Scioto river, Ohio: rises in Hardin county, flows E. into 
Marion co., and S. into Franklin, where it receives Whet- 
stone or Olcntaugy r. just above Columbus, and thence 
through Pickaway, Eoss, Pike, and Scioto co's, into the 
Ohio r. at Portsmouth, where it is 150 yards wide. It flows 
160 miles through a fertile country, and is navigable 13i) m., 
to the mouth of Little Scioto river. 

ScioTo BiuDGE, p. o., Delaware co., O/Uo: on the Scioto r., 
24 m. N. N. "W. Columbus. 

SciOTOviLLE, p. o., Scioto county, Ohio : SO m. S. by E. 
Columbus. 

SciPio, p. v., Jennings co., hid. : on Sand cr., and on the 
Madison and Indianap(»lis R. E.,55 m. S. S. E. In.lianapolis. 
It is located in an agricultural district, and much produce 
is exported from this point Pop. about 200. 

Scipio, t. and p. v., Cayuga co.. A'". Y. : 143 m. W. by N. 
Albany. Drained by Salmon cr., flowing S. into Cayuga 
lake, and other smaller streams. Owaseo lake forms its E. 
boundary. Svirfacc undulating, with a fertile and highly 
cultivated soil. The v. is near the head of Salmon cr., and 
has Bome manufactures, mills, etc. Pop. of t. 2.135. 
77S 



SCO 

Scipio CKNxirii, p. o., Hillsdale county, Mich.: 51 m. S. 
Lansing. 

SciPioviLLE, p. o., Cayuga co., X. Y. : 150 m. "W. by N. 
Albany. 

SciTico, p. v., Hartford county. Conn, : on the N. side of 
Scautic r.. IS m. N. by E. Hartford. 

SciTUATE, t. and p. v., Plymouth co., Mnns.: on Massa 
chussets bay, of the Atlantic Ocean, IS m. S. E. Boston. Il 
is located at the mouth of North r., and has a small bul 
convenient harbor, defended by rocky cliffs, and C'edar 
Point, on which latter are two lighthouses, with fixed 
lights 40 feet elevation. Latitude 42° 12' 17" N., and 
longitude 70° 43' 15"' W, The river is very deep, but nar- 
row and crooked, and is noted for the fine ships built on its 
borders. A number of vessels belonging to this town arc 
engaged in the merchant service and coasting trade, and 
the mackerel fishing is carried on to a great extent Tlie 
manufactures consist of leather, boots, shoes, lasts, vessels, 
etc. The v. is located a short distance back from the har 
bor. Pop. of t. 2,149. 

SciTUATE, t, and v., Providence co., P. /. ; 10 m. W. of 
Providence. Drained by Pawtuxet river and its branches, 
affording valuable water-power. Surface diversified with 
hilli^ and valleys; soil adapted to grazing. Large manu- 
factories of cotton and wool are located on the bank of the 
river, and there is a valuable quarry of freestone in the 
western part of the town. This town was taken from Pro- 
vidence in 1731. The v. is on Pawtuxet river. Pop. of 
t. 4,5S2. 

ScoNONDOA, p. o., Oneida co., K. Y. : 171 m. W. N. "W. 
Albany. 

ScooBEs, p. 0., Kemper county, Min.'i. : 90 m. E. by N. 
Jackson. 

Scotch Plains, p. v., Essex county, N. Jp>\ : on the E. 
side of Green brook of Earitan r., and on the New Jersey 
Central R. E., 12 m. "W. Elizabeth port, and S5 m. N. E. 
Trenton. 

ScoTcn EiDGE, p. 0., Wood county, Ohio : 97 m. N. N. W. 
Columbus. 

ScoTcuTowN, p. o.. Orange co., 2^. Y. : ST m. S. S. "W. 
Albany. 

SooTiA, p. v., Pope county, Ark^ : on the lefl bank of the 
Arkansas r., C9 m. N. W. Little Roek. Coal deposits are 
found in the vicinity. 

Scotia, p. v., Schenectady co., X Y.: on the N. bank of 
Mohawk r., 1 ra. W. Schenectady, and IS m. N. W. Albany. 
Pop. about 200. 

Scotland county, 3fo. Situate N. E.. and contains 
477 scj. m. Drained by North and Mid<llc forks of Fabius r., 
and S. Wyaconda r. Surface level; sod fertile. It is well 
timbered, and has excellent pasturage for cattle. Farms SS4 ; 
manuf. 6 ; dwell. 5SS, and pop.— wh. 3,631, fr. col. 0, si. 151— 
total 3.7S2. Capital : Memphis. 

Scotland, p. c, Franklin county, Penn. : 50 m. S. W. 
Harrisburg.x 

Scotland, p. v., "Windham co., Co7in. : on the Show- 
tucket r., 31 m. E. Hartford. 

Scotland, p. v., Jefferson county, Miss. : 65 m. S. "W, 
Jackson. 

Scotland, p. t., Greene county, Jtid. : 60 m. S. W. 
Indianapolis. 

Scotland, p. o., York co., J/e. .• SI m. S. "W. Augusta, 

Scotland, p. v., Plymouth co., Mass. : 2S m. S. Boston. 

ScoTLANi> Neck, p. v., Halifax county, N^. Car: between 
Fishing cr. and Roanoke r., 77 m. N. E. Raleigh. 

Scott county, ArA\ Situate W.. and contains 931 sq. m. 
Drained by La Fave r., and other tributaries of Arkansas 
river. Surface level; soil fertile. Farms 365; nianuf. 10; 
dwell. 514, and pop.— wh. 2,920, fr. col. 17, si. 146— total 3,0S3. 
CapiUil: Booneville. 

Scott county, la. Situate E. toward the S., and contains 
445 sq. m. Drained by Walnut. Allen's, and Duck creeks. 
Surface rolling; soil fertile and very productive. ParmaSSl; 



SCO 



SCR 



manuf. 19; dwell. 991, and pop.— wh. 6,9T2, fr. col. 14— 
lotal D,9S6. CuplUd: Davenporl. 

Scon- couniy, lU. Situate toward the W., and contains 
261 sq. m. Drainf'l by small irilmtarir.s uf Illinois r., which 
forms ib* western boundary. Surface undulatini;; ; soil fertile. 
"Wheat and Indian corn arc produced abinidanlly. Pork 
and beef are exported. Prime timber abounds. rarnisTl'^; 
niaiuif. 54; dwell. 1,300, and pop.— wh. 7,902, fr. col. 12— 
lolal 7.9U. Capititl: Winchester. PabUc Works: Great 
Western Central li. 11. 

S);oTT county, IniL Situate S. E., and contains 175 sq. m, 
Drained by Graham's fork of White r. and branches. Sur- 
face varied, it is most generally undulating, but in the "W. 
is hilly and broken; soil fertile, and well adapted lo i^rain 
and grazinsj. Chief produolions, wheat, and Indian corn, 
with beer, pork, antl vegetables. It has some quantity of 
good limber, and contains several salt springs. Farms 719; 
manuf. 14; dwell. 1,040, and pop. — wh. 5.ST0, fr. col. 15 — 
total 5.SS5. Capital : Lexington. Public Works : .letTcrson- 
vUle R. K. 

Scott county, Ay. Situate toward the S.. and contains 
213 sq. m. Drained by Norlh, Klkhorn, and Eagle creeks. 
Surface level; soil very fertile. Chief jiroduclluns, wheal 
and Indian corn. Farms 75S; manuf. 59; dwell. 1,566, 
and pop.— wh. S,s91, fr. col. i^l9, sl. 5,830— total 14,946. 
Capital: Georgetown. 

ScoiT county, J/isti. Situate centrally, and contains 
5S9 sq. m. Drained by branches of Pearl ami Leaf rivers. 
Surface level; soil fertile, and adapted to grazing. Chief 
productions, cotton and Indian corn. Farms 257 ; manuf. 4; 
dwell. 422. and pop. — wh. 2.77^, fr. col. 1, sl. 1,1S2— 
total 3.961. Capita/.: Uillsboro'. Public Works: Alabama 
and Mississippi li. 11. 

Scott county, J/b. Situate S. E., and contains 379 sq. m. 
Drained by James and White Water rivers. Surface diver- 
sified ; soil very fertile, and produces in abundance wheal 
and Indian corn. Tobacco is the staple. II contains many 
minerals. Farms 4('S; manuf. 9; dwell. SiiO, anil pnp. — 
wh. 2,773, fr. col. 16, si. 3Ct3— total 3,1S2. Capital: 
Benton. 

Scorr county, Virg, Situate S. W.,and contains "ISsq. m. 
Drained by Clinch r., and North fork of Ilolston r., and their 
branches. Surface broken and hilly, in jiarts mountainous; 
soil moderately fertile. Chief prodiu-iiona, wheat aud 
Indian corn. Farms 614; manuf. 32; dwell. 1,.">2'^, and 
pop.— wh. 9,325, fr. col. 31, sl. 473— total 9,s29. Capital: 
Estillville. 

SioTT, t. and p. o., Sheboygan co., Winr. : Gl m. N. E. 
Madison. Drained by branches of Milwaukee r. Surface 
varied ; soil ferlile. It has excellent water-power, and some 
excellent mill-sile.s. 

ScitTT, p. v.. La Grange county, Tiid.: on the S. side of 
Pigeon r., 136 m. N. by E. Indianapolis. 

ScoTT, t. and p. v., Cortlandl co., ..V. Y. : 22 m. S. from 
Syracus'-, and 130 m. "W". Albany. Drained by branches of 
Tioughnioga r., and the inlet of Skanealeles lake. Surface 
various, in parts much broken ; soil very fertile, and in good 
slate of cultivation. Its matmfactures are limitcl, the chief 
pursuits being agricultural. The v. is centrally situate. 
Pop. of t. 1,290. 

ScoiT. p. o., La Salle county, III.: 120 m. N. N. E. 
Springfield. 

ScoiT. t. and p. o., Adams county, Ohio: 67 m. S. by "W. 
(;ohunbus. Drained by a branch of IJnish cr. Surface 
uneven; soil of average fertility. Iron ore of superior 
qunlily is found. Pop, 1.270. 

':r'C*<rr. p. v., Mahaska county, la.: C9 m. W. S. "W, 
Iowa <. ily, 

SooTT, t, aTid p. o., Wayne en., Penv.: 130 m. N. E. 
ll,'irrisl>ur:r. Drained by several small streams flowing E. 
into the Delawan- r,. and W. by Starucca cr.. branch of the 
Susquehanna r. Surface uneven, in parts hilly ; soil fertile 
and good timber lands. | 



SroTT's creek, Calif.: rises in E. part of Vubii eo., and 
flows W. into the Yuba r, Mucii gold is found in this 
stream, and (he diggings an- very profitable, 

Si'OTtsurRon, p. o., Livingston co.. A'. Y.: 209 m. AV. 
Albany. 

ScoTTSituiion. p. v., Tlalif:ix CO., Virg. : on the line of Ibe 
Richmond ami Danville U. R., S7 in. S. W. Riehnmnd. Il 
is a small v.. wiih about 5(t or 60 inhabitants. 

SroiT's t'liKKK. p. v., Haywood en., K. Car. : on a stream 
so called uf Tuckaseoge r.. 25S m. W. by S. Raleigh. 

ScoitV IIili,, p. o., Henderson co., 'Ji-nv.: 97 m. S. W. 
Nashville. 

Sr.iTT'sSnor.sta., Amelia co., re; on the Riehnx.nd and 
Danville R. R.. 33 m. S. W. Richmond. 

Sr,irrsvii.T.K. p. v., Bibb co., Ala.: on a trilailary of 
Cahawba branch of Alabama r.. 69 ni. N. W. Monigniucry. 
Good water-power is here alforded. and imjiroved liy ihe 
Tuscaloosa Manufacluring Ctimpany, who employ atiout 90 
o[ieraiives. There is a^o a grist and saw mill, and a 
church, on tlie property of the company. Population 
about 200. 

ScoTTSviLLR, p. 0., Claiborne par., La.: 169 m. N. W. 
Balon Rouge. 

ScoTTsviLLE, p. V., Sullivan co., Jfo.: on Ihc E. side of 
Locust cr., 117 m. N. W.delll-rson ('ity. 

ScoTTSviLLE. p. v., and va)i. Allen co., Ki/. : on a fork of 
liig Barren r., 121 m. S. W. Frankfort, aud contains a c(»url- 
house. jail, and other public buildings. The LcAington and 
Nashville R. R. passes through the village. Pop, 40it. 

ScoTTSviLLE, Cap, Powhatau county, Yirg. {See Pow- 
hatan C, H.) 

Sc<iTTSviLi.E. p, V,. Albemarle co., Virg. : on the N. bank 
of James r,, and on the James Rivtr Canal, 73 ni. W. by N. 
Richmond. "The Intlependent" is a weekly issue. 

ScoTTSviLLE. p. v., Mouroe co,, N. Y. : on the left, bank 
of the Genesee r., and on the Genesee Valley Canal, 12 m. 
S. l>y W. Rochester, and 212 m. AV. by N, Albany. E.\te(i- 
sive hydraulic power is derived from the canal aud river, and 
it has a number of mills, etc, 

Si'oTTsviLLE, p, o,, Wyoming co., Penn. : 95 m, N. N. E. 
Ilarrisburg. 

ScoTTTiLLE, p, v,, Macoupin co., lil. : on the S. of Ai>ple 
cr., 33 m. S. W. Springfield. 

ScEANTON, p. v., Luzerne co., Penn. : at the junction of 
Ihe Lackawanna and Western R. R. with the Pennsylvania 
Coal Companies R. E., 50 m, S. Great Bend, and 97 m. 
N. N. E, Harrisburg, Cobb's Gap R. K. and a railroad to 
Sunbury will diverge from this place. There is near the v. 
a furnace of 2,()ii(i tons capacity, operated by water, and two 
of 3,.~i00 tons each annual capacity, operated by steam, and 
a forge, which in 1S30 produced 7,000 tons rail. Pop. 2.234. 

ScitEAMEKSViLLE, p. o., Maury CO., Tenn. : 37 m, S. by W. 
Nashville, 

ScRiBA, t and p, v., Oswego co., K. Y. : 152 m. N. W. 
.-Mbany. Drained by a nunil>er of small streams flowinsj 
into Lake Ontario, Surface moderately hilly; soil ofmid<)hng 
fertility. It contains in part the county buildings. Old Fort 
Oswego, built in 1727. is located near Ihe moulh of the river. 
The v. is 2 m. E. of the lake : has good water-power, and 
contains several mills, workshops, etc. Pop. of l. 3. 70S. 

ScKivEN couniy. fra. Siluate E., and contains 7lS sq. m. 
It is bouu'led on the E. by Savannah r.. an<l on tin- S. and 
W. by Ogeechee r., by branches of which it is drained. 
Little Ogeechee r., passing through the centre, and Brier cr. 
in the northern portion. Surface undulating; soil fertile, 
and proiluces large crops of cotton, which is Ihc st:iple. It 
lias some minerals, and some tint? timber land. I'"arms 49S ; 
mamif. 0; dwell. 567. anil pop.— wh. 3,173, fr. col. 1, si. 3,673 
—total 6,S47. Capital: Jacksonboro'. 

Siuoogin's Mn.i/s, p. o,, Dale co,, Ala. : on Ihe W. side 
of Pea r., 03 m. S, E. .Montgomery. 

ScKor.osFuxn, p. v., Carroll county, Ohio: 111 m, N. E. 
Columbus. 

770 



SCR 



SEG 



SCKCB Geaps, p. o., Armstrong county, Penn.: 185 m. 
W. N. "W. llarrisburg. 

ScrFFi.KTowN, p. v., LauFons district, S. Car. : on a small 
tributary ol" Kiiorec r., 65 m. N. W. Columbia. 

Scull Camp. p. v.. Surry co., iV. Car. : at tlie source of 
Fisher's r., l^T m. W. N. W. Kalcigh. 

SctLi. SiiOAi^. p. v., Greene co., Oa. : on llie Oconee r.. 
46 lu. N. MilleilgL-ville. IVmlain's l)h(l2:(t lu-re spans the 
rivt-r, at \vbicl> point several mills are in opcralion. 

S(- ULLTowN, ]). v., Salem co., J^. Jer. : on tlie lelt bank of 
Oliliiian's cr., 46 m. S. W. Trenton. 

Sci'LTucK Point, Hancock oo.. Me. : a small cape situated 
in lat. 44° IS' N., and long. GTO 5S' W. 

ScLTiTKnMONa, p. o., Washington co., y. Car.: 113 m. E. 
Kaleigh. 

SEAiiuooK, 1. and p. v., liockingham co., 2^. Tfavrp.: in 
the S. K. corner of the State, bordering on the Atlantic 
Ocean, 45 m. S. E. Concord. Drained by Black, Brown's, 
and Walton rivers, and several tributaries. AVhale-boat 
building is carried on here to a greater extent (ban in any 
other town in Xew England. The inhabitiints ars^ occupied 
in mecbanical i)ur^uiis and the fislieries. Tliis t. is better 
adapted than any oilier in the State to the Bay and Labrador 
fisherits, which arc extensively carried on. Beg iron ore is 
found on some of the streams. The Kaslcrn It. R. passes 
through the t. on which the v. la located, 14 m. S. from 
Furtsmoulh. Pop. of t, 1,296. 

Seacocus, sta., Hudson co., N'. Jer. : on the Union R. K., 
4 m. N. Jersey City, and 53 m. N. E. Trenton. 

Seafoi;d, p. v., Sussex co., JJtl. : on W. side of Nanticoke 
river, 35 m. S. by W. Dover. 

Seal, p. o., Wyandott county, 0/iio: 61 m. N. by W. 
Columbus. 

Seal Covn, p. v., Hancock co., Me. : at the head of the 
inlet so called, on Mount Desert island, 72 ni. E. Augusta. 

Skarcv eouuly, ArA: Situate N., and ctmtains 941 sq, m. 
Drained by liulfalo fork of White r. and Crooked cr., a trib- 
utary of White r. Surface varied ; in Ihe N. it is level, or 
gently undulating, and in the S. hilly, being separated from 
tlie adjoining county by a low range of mountains; soil 
generally fertile, the hilly portions well adapted to grazing. 
Farms '^46; nianuf. 0; dwell. «22, and iM)p.— wh. 1,950, fr. 
col. 0, si. 29~tolal 1,970. C<ij>ital: Lebanon. 

Skarcy, P- v., and cap. White co.. ArA:: on the W. of 
Litile Red Bran.-.h of While r., 45 ni. N. X. E. Little lioek. 
It contains a court-house, Jail, etc. 

SEAnicm's, p. o., Fayette county, Penn.:14^ m. W. by S. 
Harrisburg. 

Sear^birg, p. 0., Tompkins county, y. Y.: IGO m. W. 
Albany. 

SEAHsntrTicJ, t. and p. v., Benniuglon co., Term.: 52 m. S. 
Rulland. Drained by Dcerfield r. Surface mountainous, 
being located on the Green Mountains, and in general unfit 
for cultivation. Chartered in 17S1. The v. is S. of the r. 
Pop. of t. 201. 

Seausmont, I. and p. v., Waldo co., Me. : SI m. E. Au- 
gusta. Drained by St. George r., and a considerable pond 
is in N. part of t., from which Hows a branch of the r. Sur- 
face varied ; soil fertile. The manufar-tures consist in leather, 
(lour, and lumber. The v. is located on the St. George r. 
Pop. of t. 1.G96. 

Skai:sport, t. and p. v., Waldo co.. 3fe. : 45 m. E. by N. 
Augusta. Bounded on the S. by Belliist bay, and drained 
by a small stream flowing into it. Incorporated in 1^,5, 
from Prospeet and a part of Belf:ist. It has a good harbor. 
The V. is silualed near ihe entrance of the stream into the 
the bay. Pop. of L 2.2(17. 

Skarsvillk, p. o., Orange county, N. Y. : SI m. S. S. W. 
Albany. 

Searsville. p. v., Stewart co., Ga. : on Kacafooneo cr., 
105 m. S. W. Milledgevtlle. 
Skatcck. p. 0., Suffolk CO., N. Y.: 2SG m. S. E. Albany. 
Seavillb, p. o., Cape May co., J^. Jer. : 75 ra. S. Trealon. 
760 



Sp-nAGO, t. and p. v., Cumberland co., Me.: bordering on 
the lake so called. 5T ni. S. W. AugustJi. There are several 
ponds in the t., by the outlets of winch it is drained. Sur- 
face pleasantly diversified, and a fertile soil. Chartered in 
1826, and contains several manufactories of flour, lumber, 
etc. The v. is on the lake. Pop. of t 850. 

Sebago lake, Cumberland co., Me. : is 12 m. long, and 
7 m. wide. It discharges its waters by Presumpseot r. into 
Casco bay. Connected on the N. by W. with Long Pond, 
by Simgo straii, and receives Crooked r. from the N. The 
Cumberland and Oxford Canal, 5(H lu- in length, connects 
it with Portland. 

Sebastian county, Ark. Situate W., and contains 779 
sq. m. Drained by afTluentsof Arkansas r.. which forms its 
N. boundary. Surface undulating, toward the W. hilly; 
soil fertile. It is well wooded, and in the >J. are some line 
beds of coal. Capital : Black Jack. 

Skuasticook river, Me. : rises in a pond in the S. E. part 
of Penobscot co., passes through a lake in Newport t., and 
flowing S. W. empties into the Kennebec r. opposite Water- 
ville. It is about .'»0 m. in length, and affords in its course 
excellent water-power. 

Sebec, t. and p. v., PiRcataquis co.. Me. : 74 ra. N. N. E. 
Augusta. A portion of Sebec Pond, 10 m., lies in this t., and 
the Piscataquis r. crosses the S. part. Drained by Sebec r., 
outlet of the pnnd, which flowing S. E. empties into the 
Piscataquis r. in Milot. Surface moderately uneven; soil 
fertile, and well adajited to gniin. Incorporated in 1S12. 
The manufactures consist in woolen goods, leather, lum- 
ber, etc. The v. is on Sebec r., near the lake. I'opulalion 
of t. 1.223. 

Sebe(i pond, Piscataquis co., Me.: lies in tlie towns of 
Sebec, Foxcioft, and Bowerbank; it is surrounded by a 
well-timbered country, is about 10 ra. long, and averages 
about 1 m. in width. Its outlet is the river so called. 

Seuewa, t. and ]). o., Ionia co.. Mich. : 22 m. W. Lansing. 
Drained by Lookiug-Glass r. Surface undulating; soil fer- 
tile. Pop. 217. 

Seboois lakes, Penobscot co., Me.: are connected sheets 
of water of irregular form, about 15 m. in length, and from 
half a mile to one and a h:df in wirllh, and constitute the 
hesid waters of the E. branch of the Penobscot r. Seboois r. 
is the name of their outlet. 

SEcoxn Creek, p. v., Greenbrier co., Virg. : on a branch 
of Greenbrier r., 164 m. W. Richmond. 

Sedgwick, t. and p. o., Hancock co., Me. : 53 m. E. Au- 
ffiisla. It is on a peninsula having Blue Hill bay on the E., 
and separated from Deer island, on the S. by a strait. The 
soil is inferior, but suffleient produce is raised for its own 
people. It has good harbors, and considerable navigation. 
A number of vessels ownetl here are employed in the coast- 
ing and fishing trade, and ship-budding is carried on to a 
considerable extent. Leather and lumber are the chief 
articles of raanufaeture. The v. is on the bay so called, 
which makes up into the town. Pop. of t. l.S-^Ji. 

Seickonk, t. and p. v.. Bristol co.. Mans, : aS m. S. S. W. 
Boston. Separated from lihode Islan<l by Seekonk r., which 
bounds it on the W. ; and Ten Mile cr. afl"ords water-power. 
The V. of Pawtucket is partly in Seekonk. Seekonk v. is 
on Ten Mile cr., near its confluence with Providence r., and 
contains several factories, etc. Pop. of t. in 1S40, 1.996, and 
in 1S50, 2,244. The Boston and Providence R. R. passes 
through the town. 

Seei.y Crf.ek, p. o., Chemung co., 2T. Y. : 170 m.W. S.W. 
Albany. 

SKELYSBfRG, p. V., Cattaraugus co.. K. Y.: on a branch 
of Connewango cr., 375 m. W. by S. Albany. 

Sekly's Station, p. o., Erie co., Penn.: 203 m. N. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Seoo, p. 0., Perry co., Ohio: 41 m. E. by S. Columbus. 

Sf:GuiN. p. v., and cap. Guad.alupe co., Tex. : on the left 
bank of the Guadalupe r., 48 m. S. Austin Cily. It contains 
the county buildings, etc. 



SEI 



SEN 



trKiBEi:LiNGViLLE, p. V., Lcliiffh CO., Peiiii,: on a brunch 
of Jordan cr., G5 m. E. N. E. Harrisburu;. 

SEisnoi-TZTiLLE, p. 0., BcrUs county, Peim. : 55 m. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Geitzland, sta., York co., Penii. : on ibe lialliiiiore find 
Susquehanna K. K., 4-2 ni. S. by E. llarri:*bur£r. 

Sf.lbv, v., Bureau co., III. : on Ibo border of an extensive 
prairie. 4 m. N. of the IlUiiois river, and lUS m. N. by E. 
Springfield. 

Sklbysport. p. v., Allesjhany ro., M'h: on Uie W. side 
of Youi^hin^eny r., 3 ni. below the I'ciinsylvania State Hue, 
154 ni. "W. N. W. Aiinapolifl. 

Selbwille, ]). o,, Sussex co., Del. : 83 m. S. Dorer. 

Sf.i.in's Gbovk. p. v.. Union co., Peiui. : at the junction 
of Tetin's cr. with the Susquehamni r., 83 m. N. Harrisburg. 

SELLKii's point, Baliinioro co., 3M.: a narrow neck of 
huui, prnjecting into Baltimore harhor, on the east side 
thereof, 

SELi.ERsm:R«, V. and sta., Clarke county, Ind.: on Ihn 
JeJfersnnville It. 11., U m. N. Jefferaonville, and 93 m. S. by E. 
Indianapolis. 

Sklma, p. v., Dallas co., Ala.; on the ri^ht bank of the 
Alabama r., 45 m. W Mnnlsjouiery. This v. is pleasantly 
located, and has considerable trade. The"Selnia lieporter'' 
(whiiT) is a weekly issue. A company, known as the 
"Selnia Manufacturini? Company,'' has, under the sui)er- 
vision of J. P. Pesham, Esq., erected an eslablishment liere 
for the manufacture of all kinds of iron work, from a steani- 
cntrine down to a horse-shoe nail. Capital invested ainomils 
lo $'22,011(1; they have eight acres of land, allordin^ plenty 
of room for enlargement. Sehua is the most imporlant v. 
on the r., and from this point larire quantities of cotton are 
animally shipped. Two railroads, the Alabama and Ten- 
nessee River B. R. and the Alabama and Mississippi R. E., 
diverge from this place. Pop. about I,2i)0. 

Selma. p. v., Jetfersou co,, Mo. : on the W. .side of tlic 
Mississippi r., neaf tlie mouth of Plallin er., -35 in. below 
St. Louis, and OD m. E. by S. JefTerson City. It has a 
good landing. A shot factory is located here, and lliere 
is con^siderable trade carried on. Lead is extensively ex- 
port.cl. 

Selma. p. v., Clark co.. Ohi-K \\ m. "U". Columbus. It 
contains a few dwellings, and 47 inliabitants. 

Skminai:y, p. v.. ^Va(•hita co., Arl: : ou Sac Obert bayou 
of ■\Vacliita r., 99 ni. S. S.AV. Little Bock. 

SEMPiioNtts. t. and p. o., Cayuga co., K. Y. : 186 m. W. 
Albany. Drained by several small streams flowing N. and 
"VV. Skancateles lalce is on the N. E, : its water-power is 
good, and it contains several manufactures, several mills, 
etc. Pf.p. L"26G. 

Sen'a'iouia, v.. Do Soto co., 3!iss.: on a branch of Cold- 
water r., 157 m. N. Jackson. 

Seneca county, A'". }'. Situate "W. centrally, and contains 
308 sq. m. Drained by Seneca r. and several small streams 
wliicli flow into Seneea lake on the W. aide, and Cayuga 
lake on the E. Surface uneven, and between the lakes is 
diversified with pleasant hills and fertile plains, the highest 
elevation being in the middle ; soil fertile, and consists of a 
calcareous loam and mold. Chief products, wheat and 
Indian corn. It contains good beds <if gypsum and quarries 
of variegated marble. A mineral spring, which emits hy- 
drogen gas, is fouud here. Farms 1,555; manuf. 241 1 ; 
dwell. 4.541, and pop.— wh. 25.201, fr. col. ISO— tot:d 25,441. 
Ciijiital : Waterloo. Public WorA-^: Cayuga and Susque- 
hanna B. K., etc. 

Seneca county, OJiio. Situate N.. and contain? 53(5 sq. m. 
Sandusky river flows through it centrally, by whicb and its 
bratu'hes it is drained. Surface level ; soil consists of a 
deep black loam, with clay intermixed, and is very pro- 
ductive. It has excellent pasturage, and large numbers of 
cattle and hogs are fattened and sent to eastern markets. 
It has some good timber land. Agriculture is the leading 
pursuit. Earms 2,532; manuf. 199; dwell. 4,645, and pop. 



— wh. 20,984, fr. col. 151— total 27,1(15. Capital : TiSiu. 
Puhlic Works: Mad River and Erie R. B. 

Senfx'a, p. o., Anderson dist,, S. Cttr, : on the r. so called, 
114 ni. "W. N. W. Columbia. 

Skneca, p. c, Tompkins county, Al Y. : 152 m. "W. by S. 
Albany. 

Sem:l'a, p. o., "White^tdes county, ///. ; 1^0 m. N. by >V. 
Springfield. 

SKsniA, t. and p. o., Lenawee co., Mich. : 71 m. 8. by E. 
Lansing. Drained l)y Bear cr. SuU excellent, and large 
crops of wheat, rye. elc. arc raised. Tin; stream affords 
goofl water-power, and moves several mills. Pop. I,ii9'3. 

SicNEi'A creek, Montgomery co.. M'l. : rises in the norlheru 
highlands of this county in numerous streamlets, which, 
uniting first into two, and afterward into one creek, flow into 
ihe Potomac river. All the western portion of the county is 
drained by this fine water-course. 

Seneca lake, K. Y. : lies in the counties of Seneca, On- 
tario, anti Yali'3. 1G>* m. W. from Albany. Tiiis is the 
largest of the series of lakes lying in the interior of western 
New York. It is 4i) m. long, and from 2 to 4 in width. Its 
elongated diameleris from N. to S. ; elevation (»f surface 4:50 
feet above tide-water, and being very deep, it is nt-v.T en- 
tirely frozen over, Aliout 12 m. from the outlet it lias lieeii 
found to be about 50'! feet in depth. The rmth-t is at Mie 
X. E. angle, wbieli, flowing K. to Cayuga lake, alTords ex- 
ci-llent watiT-p-m-er at AS'att-rloo, and also at Seneca Falls. 
The whole descent in 12 miles is SO feet. This lake is con- 
nected by canal with Crooked lake. Navisxation is made 
easy through its outlet by mean? of locks at Waterloo, there- 
by connecting ils commerce with that of the Erie (^anal ; it 
is connected als.> S. by B. R. with Elmira, Owego, and Bing- 
hanipton. and N. with Rochester, Syracuse, and Cswego. 
The wati'r has a gradual vise and fall through [leriods of 
several years, but the causes have never been ascertained. 
The lands upon the shores arc bountifully adorned witti the 
fruits of cnllivatton, with here and there a remaining tract 
of tlie primitive forest. Steamboats ply daily belweeu 
Geneva and Jefferson, a distance of 40 mile.'*. 

SrNKCA river, X Car.: rises in the Blue Bidge, N. On\, 
flows S. lhr<nigh Pickens and Anderson districts. X Otr., 
and enters the Tugaloo. Length 50 m., and it has numerous 
Irihutaries. 

SKNr.r\ river. X. Y. : outlet of Seneca lake, from the "N". 
end of which it flows E„ about 12 m. to the N. of Cayuga 
lake, after receivimr the waters of which it runs N. aiid re- 
ceives a stream formed by the oullel of Canandaigua lake 
and other small tributaries from the W. ; after which, flow- 
ing E.. again it receives other tributaries from the outlets 
of Owae^eo, Skancateles, and Onondaga lakes, until it meets 
tliat of the Oneiila lake, wlien turning N.W., it becomes llic 
Oswego r.. and flows into Lake Ontario at o.swego. It is 
60 m. in length from its source to its confluence with the 
Oswego. It is navigable to the Erie Canal at Waterloo. 
There are falls at the v. of Seneca Falls and at Waterloo, 
from which great water-power is obtaineil. 

Seneca Castle, p. o., Ontario county, X. Y. : 175 m. W 
Albany. 

Seneca Fau.s. t. and p. v., Seneca county. N. Y. : 4-1 m. 
E. S. E. Rochester, an.l 102 m. W. by N. All>;iny. T)rained 
by Seneca r., which passes through it from E. lo W. Cay- 
uga lake bounds it on the E. Surface undulating; soil, in 
general, very fertile, and liighly cidtivaled. The Cayuga 
and Seneca Canal passes through the t., connecting Seneca 
oullel with Cayuga lake. The v. is on the Seneca outlet, 
the canal, and Rochester an.l Syracuse B. B„ 43 m. from 
Syracuse, atul 01 rn. from Bochesler. It was first settled in 
1^29,au<l incorporated in IS^B. Abundant hy.lr.-mlic power 
is derived from Seneca outlet, the water of which is constant 
and steady, and is applied extensively to manufacturing 
purposes by means of several dams, having a total ftill of 
some 47 feet. Tlie manufactures consist chiefly in cotton 
ifoods flour (there being S mills with 27 run of sfone), lum- 

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ber, iron, paper, etc. There is also a boat-yard, a lumber- 
yard, etc. In llifi vicinity plaster or g\-psum is abundant. 
The "Seneca County Courier" (whi?), and "The Lily'' 
(temp.) are both weekly issues. Pop. of v. 8,045, oft. 4,29T. 

Seneca Mills, p. o., Monl<?omery eo., Md. : a mill-seat 
on Seneca cr., 40 m. "W. Annapolis, with but few inhabitants. 

Seneca Kiver, p. o., Cayuga county, N. Y.: 156 m. 
TV. by N. Albany. 

Senecaville, p. v., Guernsey county, Ohio: 81 m. E. 
Columbus. Pop. 457. 

Senex, p. o., M'Lean co., JU. : 63 m. N. E. Springfield. 

Sennet, t. and p. v., Cayuga co., J).\ Y. ; 145 ni.W. by N. 
Albany. Drained by several small streams flowing into the 
Seneca r. Surface uneven ; soil fertile, and under good 
state of cuiluro. The Kochester and Syracuse R. R. passes 
through the village, 22 m. fmm Syracuse, and SS ra. from 
Rochester. It has several mills, etc. Pop. of t. 2,347. 

Sentell's Store, p. o., Bossier par., La.: 203 m. N. "W. 
Baton Rouge. 

Sepulga, p. o., Conecuh co., Ala. : on the river so called, 
75 m. S. S. W. Montgomery. 

Sequatchee.v., Marionco., Tenn.: on the river socalled, 
97 m. S. E. Nashville. 

Sebena, p. v., La Salle co., III. : on the right bank of 
Fox r., 122 m. N. E. Springfield. 

Serepta, p. v., "Warren co., X Jer. : on Beaver brook, 
44 m. N. W. by N. Trenton. This is a small manufacturing 
place. 

Serge AXTSTiLLE, p. v., Hunterdon co., JV. Jer: IS m. 
N. "W. Trenton. 

Serrtse, v., Lake co.. III. : on the S. boundary of the co., 
161 m. N. E. Springfield. 

Service, p. o., Beaver county, Petw. : 17S m. W. by N. 
Harrisburg. 

Setacket, p. v., Suffolk co., 2^. Y.: on the N. side of 
Long Island, at the head of an inlet of Long Island sound, 
S8 m. E. N. E. New York, and 232 S. S. E. Albany. It has a 
good harbor, and the v. contains stores, mechanic shops, etc. 

Setzler's Store, p. o., Chester co.. Pemu : 63 m. S. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Seven Beavee lake, Mo.: this sheet of water contains 
one or two islands, and is the source of the head branch of 
St. Louis river. 

Seven Islaxds, p. c, Fluvanna county, Virg.: 4S m. 
W. by N. Richmond. 

Seven Islands, p. c, Butta co., Ga. : 47 m. W. by N. 
Milledgeville. 

Seven Mile, p. o., Butler county, Ohio: 99 m. S. W. 
Columbus. 

Seven Mile Brook, Me. 

Seven Mile Creek, p. o., Sauk co., Wise. : 97 m. N. W. 
Madison. 

Seven Mile Ford, p. o,, Smyth county, Ylrg. : 219 m. 
W. S. W. Richmond. 

Seven Mile Prairie, p. o., Darke co., Ohio: S5 ra. W. 
Columbus. 

Seven Mile Pump, sta., Charleston co., S. Car,: on the 
South Carolina R. R., 7 m. N. Charleston, and 112 S. E. 
Columbia. 

Se^"enty Seven, p. v., Johnston co., /«. ; on the E. side 
of the Iowa r., 14 m. S. Iowa City. 

Seventy Six, p. v., Clinton co., Ky.: on Indian creek, 
97 m. S. Frankfort. 

Seventy Six, p. o., Beaver co., Penn. : ISI ra. W. by N. 
Harrisburg. 

Seven Valleys, p. o., York county, Penn. : 13 m. S. 
Harrisburg. 

Severn river, Anne Arundel co., Md. : rises in several 
creeks, a little N. of the centre of the co., and after the union 
of these, spreads into a long and wide inlet of Chesapeake 
bay, into which it falls, between Greenbury and Talley's 
points, opposite Kent Island. Annapolis, the Slate capital, 
is located in a projecting headland near its mouth. 
7S3 



Sevier county, Arl: Situate S. W., and contains 1.106 
sq. ra. Drained by Cosselose, Saline, and Rolling creeks, 
branches of North Little river, a tributary of Red river, which 
forms its western boundary. Surface level ; soil in general 
fertile, and adapted to cotton, which is the chief production. 
Farms 326; manuf. 4; dwell. 500, and pop.— wh. 2,S36, fr. 
col. 32, si. 1,372— total 4.240. Capital: Paraclifia. 

Sevier county, Tenn. Situate E., and contains 526 sq. m. 
Drained by tributaries of Tennessee river. Surface uneven 
and broken ; soil generally fertile, and produces wheat, In- 
dian corn, and cotton. Pork is exported largely. On the 
S. E. is Smoky Mountain. Farms 531 ; manuf. 12 ; dwell. 
1,071, and pop.— wh. 6,451, ft", col. GO, si. 408— total 6,920. 
Capital: Sevier. 

Sevier, p. v. and cap. Sevier co.. Tenn.: between the E. 
and W. forks of Little Pigeon r., 20S m. E. by S. Nashville. 
It contains a court-bouse, jail, etc. 

Seville, p. o., Madison county, Virg.: 73 miles N. "W. 
Richmond. 

Seward, t. and p. v., Schoharie co., KY.:^ m. S. from 
Sharon Springs, and 45 m. W. by N. Albany. Drained by 
Cobbleskill cr., wliich passes through it in a S. direction. 
Surface high and undulating; soil in general good. Cob- 
bleskill cr. affords excellent hydraulic power, and there are 
several grist and saw mills ; but the manufactures are few, 
as 16 the case throughout the county. Pop. 2,203. 

Seward's Point, p. v., Montgomery co., III. : on the West 
fork of Shoal cr.. 33 m. S. Springfield. 

Sewee, p. 0., Meig's co., Tenn. : 114 ra. S. E. Nashville, 

Sewell Mountain, p. v., Fayette co., Virg.: 185 ra. 
W. by N. Richmond. 

Sewellsville, p. o., Belmont co., Ohio: 108 m. "W. A S. 
Columbus. 

Sewickley, sta., Alleghany co., Penn.: on the Ohio and 
Pennsylvania R. R., 12 m. W. by N. Pittsburg and 26S m. 
by railroad W. from Harrisburg. 

Sewickly Bottom, p. c, Alleghany co., Penn.: 161 m. 
W. Harrisburg. 

Sextons, p. v., Boone co.. 2Io. : on the right bank of 
Rocheperee r., 83 m. N. by W. Jefferson City. 

Sexton's Creek, p. v.. Clay county, Ey. : on a stream so 
called, 61 m. S. E. Frankfort 

Sextonville, p. o., Richland co., Wi^c. : 61 m. W. N.W. 
Madison. 

Sevmoitr, t, p. v., and sta.. New Haven co., Conn. : on 
liolh sides of Naugatuck r., 35 m. S. "W. by S. Hartford, 
11 m. N. W. New Haven. The v., formerly Humjihreys- 
ville, is an important manufacturing place, containing 1 
copper-rolling mill (one of the largest in the United States), 
1 car manufactory with 6 shops, 1 large tool factory. 1 foun- 
dry. 3 paper factories, 3 auger do., 1 axe do., 1 power-loom 
silk do., 1 forge-hammer shop, with other mechanic shops 
—the whole employing about 450 hands, and producing an- 
nually nearly $1,500,000. The water-power derived from 
the Naugatuck is very great, not more than one-half of 
which is now used. The v. also contains a bank and 4 
churches. The Naugatuck E. R. passes through the v., 
20 m. from Bridgeport, 42 m. from Winsted.and has greatly 
advanced its prosperity. Pop. of 1. 1.677. 

Shade mountains, Penn. : a ridge of the Alleghany chain, 
extending from Bedford county, through Huntington into 
Mifflin county, a distance of 40 miles. 

Shade Furnace, p. o., Somerset co., Penn. : in the v. of 
Stoystnwn, 107 m. \V. Harrisburg. A furnace of 1,400 tons 
annual capacity is located here. 

Shade Gap, p. o., Huntingdon county, Penn. : 57 m. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Shade Mill, p. o., Alleghany co., M<1.: on a branch of 
Youghiogeny r., 145 m. W. N. "W. Annapolis. 

SiiADEWELL, p. o. and sta., Albemarle co., Virg. : on the 
Virginia Central R. R., 93 m. W. N. "W. Richmond. 

Shady, p. o., Johnson county, Tenn. : 275 ra. E. by N. 
Nashville. 



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Shady Dale, p. o., Jasper county, (rd. : 31 m. N. W. 
MilledgeviUe. 

Shady Grove, p. o., TTnion co., Ga. : 132 m. N. N. W. 
Milledgreville. 

Shady Grove, p. v., Dallas county, Jfo.: at the head of 
Greasy cr., SS m. S. S. W. Jefferson City. 

Shady Grove, p. v., Gibson co., Te»n. : on Rutherford 
fork of Obion r., lOS m. W. by S. Nashville. 

Shady Grove, p. c, Franklin co., Virg.: 126 m. S. "W. 
riehmond. 

Shady Gro^t:, p. c, Washingtou par., La.: 67 m. N. E. 
Baton Rouge. 

Shady Hill, p. o., Ilcndersnn co.. Teun. : 108 m.'W. S.W. 
Nashville. 

Shady SpRrxc, p. o., Rak-iy;h county, Virg. : 210 m. "W. 
Etohmond. 

Shaefferstottx. p. v., Lebanon co., Pcnn.: 31 m. E. 
Harrisburg. It contains several churehes, stores, work- 
shops, etc. 

Shaftsbitky, t. and p. v., Bcnninerlnn co., Virm. : 9T m. 
S. "W. Montpi'Iicr. Drained by tributaries of the Batlen- 
kill and WallDornsack rivers, which afford power for sev- 
eral small manufactories. Surface elevatt^d ; soil fertile. 
West Mountain lies partly in this town. Valuable beds of 
iron ore, pine timber, and a fine quality of white niarl)I(' 
are ftunid here. The "Western Vermont R. R. passes through 
Uie village, 49 m. S. by W. Rutland. Pop. of t. 1,S9G. 

Shaker Village, p. v., Merriraac co., jV. Hamp, : 12 ra. 
N. Concord. 8ee Watervliet. 

Shaker Village, sta., Berkshire county, Mass. : on the 
Western R. R., 121 m. W. N. W. Boston. 

Siiakelford's, p. 0., King and Queen co., Jlrg. : 33 m. 
N. E. Richmond. 

Scaler's Mills, p. o., Knox county, Ohio : 42 m. N. E. 
Columbus. 

Shalersville, t~ and v.. Portage co., Ohio : 122 m. N. E. 
Columbus. Drained by Cuyahoga r. Surf-too uneven ; soil 
fertile. The v. is E. of the Cuyahoga r. Pop. of 1. 1.100. 

Shallottr, p. v., Brunswick co., ^'i Car. : at the head of 
Shalloite inlet of the Atlantic Ocean, 127 miles S. Raleigh. 
Pop. 903. 

Shallow Ford, p. o., Or.ange co., *Y. Oir. .■ 39 m. N. W. 
Raleigh. 

SnjV,MOKix. t. and p. v., Northumberland county, Ptmn. : 
40 m. N. by E. Il.arrisburg. Drained by Sharaokin creek. 
Surface uneven, in parts hilly; soil fertile. A furnace 
located here, moved by steam, has an annual capaeity of 
8,500 Ions. Amount of coal sent from the mines to Phila- 
delphia (in 1S49) was 19,(;.'»S tons. The railroad from Poits- 
ville to Danville and to Sunbury pass through the t. The 
V. contains several mills, workshops, etc. 

Shamokin creek, Penn. : rises in the Mahony Mountains, 
flows W. in a circuitous course 30 m., and empties into the 
Susquehanna r. 2 m. below Sunbury. 

Shamonv, p. v., Burlington co., 2^"^. Jei'.: on both sides 
of a branch of Atsion r.. SO m. B. Trenton. 

Shamrock, p. v., Callaway co., Mo. : on a fork of Loutre 
river, 41 m. N. E. Jefferson City. 

Shamrock Mili-s, p. o., Washington county, R. I. : 27 ni. 
S. W. Providence. 

Suanandoah, p. 0., Richland co., 0/iio: 40 ra. N. by E. 
Columbus. 

SnA>*DAKEs, t and p. o.. Ulster co., jV. Y. : 45 m. S. W. 
Albany. Drained on the N. and E. by Esopus cr., on the 
8. by Neversink r., and on the W. by the E. branch of the 
Delaware r. Surface mountainous, being covered in the 
greater part by the Catskill Mountains; soil of inferior 
quality. It has good hydraulic power, and contains some 
manufactories, several mills, etc. Pop. 2,309. 

Sha?.-es' Crossings, p. o., Mercer co., Ohio : 99 m. N. W. 
Columbus. 

Shanesville, p. 0., Berks county, Penn. : 50 m. E. by N. 
llarrisburg. 



Shanesville, p. v., Tuscarawas ci>., (Huo : on W. side 
Sugar cr., 77 ra.N. E. Columbus. It contains several work- 
shops and 3S3 inhabitants. 

Shanesville, p. v., Somerset co., Penn. : lOS m. W. by S. 
Harrisburg. Iron ore is found in the vicinity. 

Shannon county, J/o. Situate toward the S., and con- 
tains 7S9 sq. ra. Curr.-nt river passes through the co. from 
N. W. to S. E., by which and its numerous branchea it is 
drained. Surface undulating; soil fertile. It is a flue min- 
eral CO., and there are extensive beds of iron and copper 
ores of a superior quality. It is p.arlly timbered. Farms 
152; manuf. 0; dwell, 2<t4, and pop.— wh. l,iyn, fr. col. 0, 
si. 9— total 1,199. Capital: Eminenee. 

Shannon, p. o., Muskingum county, Ohio: 51 miles E. 
Columbus. 

Shannon Hill, p. v., Goochland co., Virg. : 40 m. N. W. 
Richmond. 

SiLVNNoN's, p. 0., Montgomery co.,7'c\p. ; 133 m. E. Austin 
City. 

Shannonvtlle, p. v., Montgomery co., Pe?m. : SO m. E. 
llarrisburg. 

SuApLEioH. t and p. v., York county. Me: 79 m. S. W, 
Augusta. It is separated from Actcm by two ponds, the 
source of Mousum r., by which tlie t. Is drained. Surface 
level; soil fertile, and it is a good farming t. Bog iron ore 
is found here, and there are iron works and other manufac- 
tures. The v. is centrally situated. Pop. oft. 1.34S. 

Shark River, p. v.. Ocean county, A\ Jer.: on Jumping 
brook of Shark r., 36 m. E. Trenton. 

Sharktown, v., Queen Anne co., 3fd.: a settlement on 
Kent I^iand, 12 m. E. Annapolis. 

Sharon, p. v., Chambers co.. Ala. : on a branch of Talla- 
poosa r., 57 m. N. E. Montgomery. 

Shaeon, t. and p. v., Litclifield county, f7o?in. : on the W. 
side of Ilousatonic r.. 40 m. W. by N. Hartford. Drained 
by a number of small streams, tributaries of the Ilousatonic 
river. Surface various, in parts mountainous and rt>cky; 
soil of average fertility, and agriculture is the cliief pursuit 
of the inliabitants. It is connceted with Cornwall by sev- 
eral bridges spanning the Hoiisatonic. The v. is located 
principally on one street on the E. side of a pleasant valley, 
and contains many fine buildings. The manutaeiures con- 
sist of cotton, iron, leather, flour, lumber, etc. This t. took 
an active part in the war of the Revolution. Population 
of t. 2,517. 

Sharon, p. v., Whitesides co.. Ill: on the S. boundary 
of CO., 3 m. S. of Rock r., and 123 m. N. by W. Springfield. 

Sharon, t. and p. v.. Norfolk co., 3Ia.<is. : 16 m. S. by W. 
Boston, Drained by Nepon^et r., which has its source in 
Mashapoag Pond in this t. Surface hilly ; soil fertile, and 
much grain 'is raised. It has good water-power, and is 
much improved by several manufactories. The manufac- 
lurt'3 consist of woolen and cotton goods, axes, bedsteads, 
straw goods, leather, machinery, joiners' tools, etc. The 
Boston and Providence R. R. passes through the v., 17 m. 
S. by W. Boston, Pop. of 1 1.123. 

Sharon, t. and p. o., Washtenaw co., Mir7i. : 41 ni. S. E. 
Lansing. Drained by Raisin r., which crosses its S. part. 
The soil is very fertile, and the products in wheat, rye, and 
corn are large. Pop. SfiO. 

Sharon, p. v., Appanoose co., lo. : on the left bank of 
Chariton r., S7 ra. S. W. Iowa City. 

Sharon, p. v., Madison co.. Miss.: on a brancJi of Big 
Black r., 38 m. N. N. E. Jackson. 

Sharon, t. and p. v., Sehotiarie co.. K Y. : 4C> ra. W. by X 
Alliany. Drained by Bowman's creek and branch of Scho- 
harie cr. Surface high .and undulating, resting upon Hrae- 
stone, which in some places makes its appearance in the 
form of caverns, and displaying interesting stratifications 
This t. contains the ccieiirated mineral spring, so called (.sfti 
Sharon Si-ring). The v. is in S. K. of town, and contains 
several spacious hotels, and has some manufactures, mills, 
etc. Pop. of t. 2,632. 

7S3 



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t^iiAuoN, p. o., MockJeuburg co., X Cur. : 121 m. S. "W. 
Kaiei.i:h. 

Sharon, p. v., Noble co., Ohio : 75 m. E. by S. Columbus. 

SiiAKoN, p. v., Mercer co., Penn.: on the left bank of 
Bhc'iiaii^o cr., 19S m. W. N. W. Harrisburg. Tlit-re art- two 
furnaces near the v., one of 2,000 ions, and the olher 1.500 
tons annual capacity, both operated by steam. The Beaver 
and Kric Canal passes near the village. Pop. 541, 

Sharon, t, and p. v., Windsor co., Venn. : 43 m- fl. by E. 
MoiiliK-Iicr. Drained by "White r., whidi passes through, 
afiT'irding cxeclteni water-power. Snrface much broken, 
but Ihe. soil is fertile and well cuUivaled. The manufacture 
of woiden goods, paper, etc, is carried on to some extent 
here. The v. is on AVhite r., and the Vermont Central K. II. 
passes through it, 50 ra. S. by E. Montpelier. Pop. of 1. 1.240. 

Sharon, p. v., Wythe co., Vir(/. : at the source of Korth 
fork, llolston r., 212 m. W. by S. Ilichmond. 

Shakon, t. and p. v., "Walworth co., Wise: 51 m. S. E. 
Madison. Drained by branches of Turtle er. The land is 
excellent, and highly cultivated, and good water-power. 
The V. is in the E. part. Pop. of t. 1.1G9. 

Sharon Centrk, p. o., Schoharie county, M Y. : 47 m. 
W. by N. Albany. 

Suakon Centre, p. v., Medina co., Ohio : on "Wolf cr., 
99 m. N. E. Columbus. It contains an academy, several 
shops, etc, 

Suaron Centee, p. v., Potter co., re7t7i. : 127 m. N. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Sharon Springs, p. v., Schoharie co., K. Y. : near the 
boundary line of Schoharie, Otsego, and Montgomery coun- 
ties, 40 m. W. by N. Albany. It is located on an eminence, 
surrounded by numerous caverns of much interest. Near 
the V. are the celebrated Sharon Springs, greatly resembling 
the White Sulphur Springs of Virginia, and are highly effi- 
cacious in rheumatic, dyspeptic, and other complaints. 
There are two springs, the sulphur and magnesia, situated 
at the foot of a hill, about a half mile N. of the turnpike 
road. These waters have an exhilarating effect on the 
spirits, invigorating the system, and in many re-spccts pos- 
sess medicinal and healing qualities unsurpassed by any 
other in the country. They are much resorted to during the 
sunimcr months, and there is a commodious hotel here, 
called the Pavillion, which is usually thronged with visitors. 
From an analysis, made by Dr. Chilton, of New York, the 
result from one gallon of this water is: sulphate of mag- 
nesia, grs., 42.40; sulphate of lime, 111.62; chloride of 
sodium, 2.24 ; chloride of magnesium. 2.40 ; hydiosulphuret 
of so<lium, hydrosulphuret of calcium, and vegetable ex- 
tractive matter. 2.24; total grs., 160.94. Sulphuretted hy- 
drogen gas, IG cubic inches. 

Sharonville, p. v., Hamilton co., Ohio : on a branch of 
Mill cr., S7 m. S. W. Columbus. 

Sharonville, p.o.,King W' illiam co., Virg.: 21 m.N.E. 
Eichmond. 

SnARPB's Stokes, p. v., Lowndes co., Ga. : on the lino of 
the Brunswick and Flori<la K. R., 151 ra. S. Milledgeville. 

Sharpesville, p. v., Montgomery county, Ala, : 12 m. S. 
Montgomery. 

SnARPSBirr.Q, p. v., Bath co., J^ij. : 54 m. E. Frankfort. 

Sharpsuurg, p. v., Washington co., Md.: a little W. of 
Antietam r., 72 m. N, W. Annapolis. 

SnARPSBuuo, p. v., Marion co., Mo. : on the S. boundary 
of the CO., 7S m. N. l>y E. Jefferson City. 

SnARPsnuRG, p. v., Alleghany co., Pain. : on the right 
bank of the Susquehanna r., 7 m. above Pittsburg, and 
155 m. W. by N. Harrisburg. It is a considerable manufac- 
turing place, and much trade is carried on here. Pop. 1,229. 

Sharp's Fore, p. o.. Athens co.,0?tio: 65 m. S.K. Columbus. 

Sharp's Mills, p. o., Harrison co., Imf. : on the lefl bank 
of r.reen IJank r., 101 m. S. Indianapolis. 

Sn.vRPSniN PoisT. Chittenden co., Vfrm. : a high, rocky 
point, on the N. side of Burlington bay, about a mile and a 
quarter from the S. wharf in Burlington. 
7S4 



Shaeptown, p. v., Somerset co., Md. : on the left side of 
Nanticoke r., 52 m. S. E. Annapolis. 

Sharptown, p. v., Salem co., JV. Jer. : is a m.inufacturing 
place, on the right bank of Salem r., 49 m. S. W. Trenton. 

Shaktlesville, p. v., Berks county, Perm. : 43 m. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

SiiASTE county, Calf/. Situate N., and contains about 
4.S00 sq. m. Bounded on the W. by the Coast liahge. and 
on the E. by the Sierra Nevada. The S. boundary is a lino 
on the parallel of Ked Bluff, the head of navigation in the 
Sacramento river, and its N. boundary the line of the new 
county of Siskiyou, in lat. 41° 20'. The Sacramento runs 
directly through it from the north, and it is drained by its 
tributaries — Pitt river, Lower and Ark creeks, from the E., 
and Salt, Clear, Dry, Cottonwood, and Sandy creeks, from 
the W., all rising from the mountains. Surface, except in 
the immediate valley of the Sacramento, hilly and broken ; 
but there is a vast amount of fine agricultural land in the 
county, of which, in 1S52, only 90S acres were under culti- 
vation. There are many springs strongly impregnated with 
minerals, of which the Soda Springs, near the Sacramento, 
and 60 m. N. of Shast6 City, are the most celebrated ; and 
there are 12 or 15 salt springs, which would produce salt 
sufficient for the whole State. Not a river, creek, gulch, or 
ravine that does not contain gold, and mining is extensively 
carried on. The capital invested in quarfz mining, in 1352, 
was ^94,700 ; in placer mining, $90,950 ; and in other raining 
operations, $92,S00. The total intlustrial capital of the county 
was $9oS.500. The principal mining localities are French 
gulch, Mad Mule Cafion, Mad Ox Canon, Whiskey creek,One- 
Uorse Town, One-Mule Town, Clear creek, Grixzly gulch, 
and Middletown. About 2,000 men were engaged in mining, 
and the aimual product had been $2,492,000. Pop. 4,050— 
wh. 3,700: males3,4-iS, and females 252 ; negroes 4S— males 
45, and females 3 ; mulattocs 12 — males 10, and females 2 ; 
Indians 73— males 52, and females 21 ; foreign residents 823 
—males S14, and females 14. Over 21 years of age— Amer- 
icans 2,G47, negroes 45, mulattoes 9, Indians 59, and foreign- 
ers 792. Capital : Shasle City. 

Shaste Citv, p. v., and cap. Shast6 co., Calif. : is located 
in low hills, a little W. of the Sacramento r., 150 m, from 
San Francisco, and 120 m. N. from Vallejo. It is a place 
of considerable importance, being the terminus of land car- 
riage, and a starting-place for packers to Oregon. There is 
a bank here, and considerable money is in circulation. 
Mines are numerous in the vicinity, every stream (of which 
there are man}) containing more or less gold. Salt springs 
are also found. Pop. 1,000, 

Shauck's, p. 0., Morrow co., Ohio: 37 m. N- Columbus. 

Sha u-MBUEG, p. v., Cook county. III.: 172 m. N. E. 
Springfield. 

Skater's Creek, p. o., Huntingdon co., Pen7i. : 59ra. W. 
Harrisburg. There is a forge and rolling mill here, the 
former made (in 1S50) 475 tons blooms, and the latter 150 
tons boiler and sheet iron, both moved by water-power. 

Siiavertown, p. v., Delaware co., N. Y.: on the S. side 
of the E. branch of the Delaware r., 71 m. S. W. Albany. 

Shawanaw county. Wise. Situate E. of the centre, and 
contains S2S sq. m. Drained by Wolf r. and its branches. 
Surface varied ; soil in parts fertile. Set off recently from 
southern portion of Oconto county. 

Shawangunk, t. and p. v., Ulster county, N. K.- 74 m. 
S. by 'W. Albany. Drained by Shawangunk cr. and Wall- 
kill. The surface in general is mountainous, the Shawan- 
gunk Mountains covering the principal portion— on the E. 
gently undulating; soil pleasantly diversified, and on the 
E. highly productive and good timber. Grain is raised in 
large quantities, but more attention is paid to the rearing 
of cattle and to the dairy. A number of skeletons of the 
mastodon have been fumd in this town and the vicinity. 
The V. is on a branch of the Wallkill, and lumber, flour, 
cotton, and woolen goods are manufactured. Population 
of t 4,036. 



SHA 

SiiA-WANGUNK mountaiiis, 2^. Y. : a continuation of the 
AltegUany chain, extending from the Delaware r., in Orange 
ctmnty, thence through Sullivan cnuntj- to town of New 
Pallz, in Ulster county. On the E. they are well cultivated, 
but on the W. they arc precijiilous. Lead is fuund on them. 
Their greatest altitude is 1,8G6 feel. 

SiiAWNEi:, p. v., Niagara oo., iV'. I'.; 12 m. E. of Niagara 
Falls an.l 2'.n m. W. by N. Albany. 

Sn\w>KE, p. o., Monroe county, Penn.: 91 m. N. E. 
Harrisbnrg. 

Shawnee creek, fiid. : rises in the N. E. corner of Mont- 
gomery county, runs W. tiirough Fountain county, and 
flows into the Wabash r., 10 ra. above Covington. It i3 a 
valuable mill-stream, never failing, and the mills erected on 
it, and watt-r-power that may still be used, will compare 
fiivnrably wiih any part of the Slate. 

Shawnee Mound, p. o., Tippecanoe county, Ind.: Gl m. 
N. W. Indianapolis. 

Shawnke PRAiF.rc, p. o., Fountain co., Ind.; S. E. of 
the AVid^ash r., 61 m. N. W. Indianapolis. It is situated on 
tlR- liordt-r of a large and rich prairie so called, mostly well 
culiivated, the soil of which is favorable for wheat, corn, 
and grass. 

Shawneetown, p. v., Gallatin co., I/L: on the Ohio r.. 
11 in. below the mouth of the Wal)as[i and 164 m. 8. E. 
from Springfield. Its situation, though pleasant looking, is 
low and liable to inundation. As a place of trade this is 
among the largest in southern Illinois. There is a paved 
levee here, almost as long as the one at Cincinnati, Ohio. 
A hog slaughtering and packing establishment, owned by 
Messrs. O. Poole & Co., Is quite an important feature, hav- 
ing facilities for hanging up 1,000 hogs per day. Tobacco 
is raised in considerable quantities, 300 hogsheads of which 
was shipped to different parts in 1S5'2. Ir<jn ore and coal 
is .'ibundant on the river bank. The manufacture of salt is 
extensively carried on at the United States Saline, on the 
Saline cr., 12 m. in the interior, and a railroad is in course 
of construction to connect them with this place. A United 
Stales land office is located here. The "Southern lUinois 
Advocate"' is a weekly (dem.) issue. Pop. 1,764. 

SuAw's Mills, p. v., GuiJford county, J^. Car.: Tl m. 
"W. by N. r.aleigh. 
Shawstille. p. v., Harford co., Md. : 45 m. N. Annnpolis. 
Shawstille, p. v., Montgomery county, Virg.: 159 m. 
"W. S. W. Kichmond. 

SnAwsviLLE, p. o., Broome county, K. T. : 104 m. S. W. 
Albany. 

Shearers Cross "Roads, p. o., Westmoreland co., Penn. : 
1.^5 m. W. Harrisburg. 

Sheboygan county, Wiftc. Situate E. toward the S., and 
contains 575 sq. m. Drained by Sheboygan r. and its afflu- 
ents, and tributaries of Milwaukie r. Surface undulating; 
8oiI fertile. It is bounded on the E. by Lake Michigan. 
Farms 328; manuf. 29: dwell. 1,7S:5, and pop.— wh. s,371. 
fr. col. 7— total S.373. CopiUd: Sheboygan. PuhUcWorks: 
Chicago, Milwaukie, and Green Bay E. E. 

Sheboygan, p. v., and cap. Sheboygan co., TFJ/fc. ; on 
Lake Michigan, at the month of Sheboygan r., 9S m. N. E. 
Madison. It contains a court-house, jail, etc.. and has some 
trade. The exports during the year 1S4S amounted to 
$12,191, and the imports for same year $571.8on, making a 
totid of $5S3,991. It is surrounded by a well cultivated and 
flourishing country. 

Sheboygan river, Wife. : rises near Winnebago lake. 
Fond du Lac co.. passes through a small lake in the X. W. 
part of Sheboygan county, and proceeding eastwardly in a 
winding course, flows into Lake Michigan at Sheboysan. 

SnEBoYGAN Falls, I. and p. o., Sheboygan co., IlVw. : 
91 m. N. E. Madison. Drained by the Sheboygan r. and 
branches; soil fertile, and well cultivated. 

SnED*3 Crosstxg, flta.. Middlesex county. Mass. : on the 
Lowell and Lawrence R. E., 8 m. E. Lowell and 21 m. 
K. by W. Boston. 

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SiiEEpseoT river, J/"«'. ; rises by two branches in ponds 
in Palermo, Waldu county, flows S. through the towns of 
Whitefifid and Alva, meets the tide-water between Wiscas- 
sett and New Castle, in Lincoln county, and empties into a 
bay of the same name. Its length from the source to the 
bay is 35 m., and it is valuable for its hydraulic power and 
navigable facililics. 

SiiEEi-scoT bay, Lincoln co., J/".'..- sets up from the sea 
between Booth bay and Georgetown, and receives the 
waters of the river so called. It is about 3 m. wide at its 
mouth and extends 10 m. N. The mouth of the bay is 
about 6 m. N. E. from the light at the mouth of Kennebec 
river. 

StiEEPScoT Bridge, p. v., Lincoln co., Me. : on the left 
hank of Sheepseut r., 25 m. S. E. Augusta. 

Sheetz Mills, p. v., Ilampsbire co., Virg.: on the S. 
branch of Potomac r., 14.5 m. N. N. W. Eichraond. It is a 
small village, has excellent water-power and several mill- 
seats. 

SnEFFEELn. p. v., Fayette co., AIn. : on North r. branch 
of Black ^Yarrio^, 123 m. N. W. Montgr.mery. 

SuEFFiELD, p. v., Newtou CO., G'l. : on a branch of the 
Ocmulgee r., 65 m. N. W. Milledgoville. 

Sheffield, t. and p. v., Berkshire co., Mass.: 119 m. 
S. W. by W. Boston. The Housalcnic r. flows through the 
town, by which and its branches it is drained. Surface gen- 
erally level, but in parts hilly ; soil alluvial and very fertile, 
and excellent water-power is derived from the streams. 
This is the oldest town in the county; it was incorporated 
in 1733. The chief pursuit of the people is agriculture, but 
there are also manufactories of leather, hats, farming uten- 
sils, spirits. lumber, etc. The village is neally laid out on 
one extended street, on a plain surrounded by hills, one of 
which is 3,000 feet high, and contains some neat mansions. 
The Housatonic E. K. passes through the village, 31 m. S. 
Pittsfield and 79 m. N. Bridgeport, Conn. Iron ore and 
marble of a superior quality are found in the town. Popu- 
lation of t. 2,709. 

SnEFHELD, t. and p. o., Lorain co., Ohio: 107 ni. N. N. E. 
Columbus. Lake Erie washes its N. border. Draiued by 
Black r., which is navigable to near the centre of the town. 
Surface moderately uneven ; soil fertile, adapted to grain. 
It contains an academy, conducted on the manual labor 
principle, several other places of instruction, mills, work- 
shops, etc. Pop. 90S. 

Sheffield, t. and p. o., Warren co.. Penn. : 14S m. N. W 
Harrisburg. Drained by Teonista cr. and branches, from 
which is derived excellent mill-power. Surface various; 
soil in some parts fertile. It has several manufactories. 
The proposed route of the Sunbury and Erie E. E. passes 
through this town. 

Sheffield, t and p. v., Caledonia co., 'rer?^. : 36 m. N. E. 
Montpelier. Drained by branches of the Passumsic and 
Barton rivers, having their sources in several ponils here. 
Surface elevated and much broken ; soil of an infi-rior qual- 
ity. The village is located on a bmnch of Passumsic r. 
Pop. of t. 797. 

Sheitield Lake, p. o., Lorain co., Ohio: lOS m. N. N. E. 

Columbus. 

Shehola, p. o.. Pike co.. Pejin. : 121 m- N. E. Harrisburg. 

Sueilville, p. v., Hamilton co., Ind. : 31 m. N. ludian- 

apoUs. The Peru and ludianapohs E. E. passes near this 

village. 

Shelbfrne, t, and p. v., Coos co., X ITump. : on both 
sides of the Androscoggin r., SI m. N. by E. Concord. 
Draiued by the Androscoggin and its tributaries. Battle r. 
and other small streams. Surface various, in parts moun- 
tainous, having a part of Mount Moriab, an elevated peak 
of the White Mountains, in the S., and on the S. side of the 
river, in the centre, is Moses' Eock, 60 feet high and 90 feet 
long, very smtx)th, and rising in an angle of ncirly 50°. 
Incorporated in 1*20. Soil along the rivers is fertile, but 
otherwise of an inferior quality. Chief pursuits of the peo- 

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pie are agricultural. The Atlantic and 3t. Lawrence R. K. 
passes through Ihe village, 86 m. S. E. Northumberland. 
Pop. of t 4S0. 

SnELBUKNE, t, p. V., and sta., Chittenden county, Venii. : 
bordering on L.ike Champlain, 32 m. "W. by N. Montpelier. 
Drained by La Platte r, affording excellent water-power. 
A pon<i covering 6U0 acres is also in this town. Surface on 
the lake shore is level, otherwise uneven ; soil in general 
fertile. A flue harbor is formed by Shelbume bay, which 
sets up into the town, 4 ra. from the lake, in a S. W. direc- 
tion. The village is locateii on the border of the laki', and 
the Rutland and Burlington R. R. passes through ihe town, 
on which is the sta., 6 miles S. Burlington. Population of 
town 1,25T. 

SoELBURNE, t. and p. 0., Franklin county, Mms. : 87 m. 
N. W. by W. Boston. Bounded on the W. and S. W. by 
Deerfleld r., which in its course has a fall of 50 feet in 40 
rods, producing immense hydraulic power. Surface various; 
soil fertile, and much wool is grown, and dairy produce 
raised. It has some manufactures of leather, lumber, etc. 
Pop. of t. 1,239. 

SiiELniTtsE Fali5, p. v., Franklin co., Mms. : on the left 
bank of Deerfleld r., S9 m. N. "W. by "W. Boston. It is a 
neat village, surrounded by a rich agricultural country, and 
contains besides several fine buildings, a well-endowed 
academy. 

Shelby county, Ala. Situate centrally, and contains 993 
sq. m. Cahawba r. flows through the W. portion, by which 
and its branches, and branches of Coosa r, which forms its 
E. boundary, it is drained. Surface generally level, in parts 
hilly ; soil fertile. It has some good beds of coal, and tim- 
ber is abundant. Farms 693; manuf. 9; dwell. 1,170, and 
pop._wh. 7,153, fir. col. 7, si. 2,376— total 9,536. Capital: 
Columbiana. Public Works: Alabama and Tennessee 
River R. R. 

Shelby county, HI. Situate 8. centrally, and contains 762 
sq. ra. Kaskaskia r. passes centrally through it, by which 
and its affluents, and by branches of S. fork of Sangamon 
r., it is drained. Surface level; soil in general fertile and 
very productive. Staples, wheat and Indian corn. Pork is 
exported largely. Farms S34; manuf. 7; dwell. 1,411, and 
pop.— wh. 7,762, fr. col. 45— total 7,807. Capital: Shelby- 
ville. PuUie WorJcs: Terre Haute and Alton K. R. ; Cen- 
tral R. R. ; Chicago Branch of Central R. R. 

Shelby county, Ind. Situate S. E. centrally, and contains 
428 sq. m. Drained by E. branch of "White r., Sugar cr., 
Big and Little Blue rivers, and Flat Rock cr., all which 
supply extensive water-power. Surface generally even; 
soil fertile, and consists of a deep loam, with sand inter- 
mixed. Chi^f productions, wheat, Indian corn, sugar, and 
tobacco. Timber of excellent quality is found on the land. 
Farms 1,620; manuf. 59; dwell. 2,721, and pop.— wh. 15,4S4, 
fr. col. IS— total 15,502. Cajntal: Shelbyville. PuUic 
Works : Shelbyville Lateral Branch R. R. ; Shelby^-ille and 
Nashville K. R. ; Shelbj-ville and Knightstown R. R. ; Law- 
renceburg and Upper ^tississippi R. R. ; etc. 

Shelby county. In. Situate W. toward the 8., and con- 
tains 576 sq. m. Drained by Boyer r. and branch of Nish- 
nabatona r. Surface level ; soil fertile, and adapted to grain. 
Setoff since 1S5D. 

Shelby county, Ky. Situate N., and contains 426 sq. m. 
Drained by branches of Floyd's fork of Salt r. ami its other 
numerous tributaries. Surface rolling; soil fertile, and in 
parts very productive. Staples, wheat, Indian com, and 
tobacco. Farrasl,202; manuf. 132; dwell. 1.S03, and pop.— 
wh. 10,2SS, fr. col. 190, si. 6,617— total 17,095. Capital: 
Shelbyville. PitbUcWorks: LouisviUeand FrankfortR.R. ; 
Lexington and Frankfort R. R. 

Shelby co., Mo. Situate toward the N. E., and contains 
495 sq. m. Drained by N. fork of Salt r. and North Two 
Rivers, by which good water-power is supplied. Surface 
level; soil a fine deep mold, and very fertile. It has some 
good timber laud, and excellent pasturage for cattle. Farms 
7S6 



397; manut 14, dwell. 632, and pop.— wh. 3,744, fr. col. 11, 
si. 49S— total 4,258. Capital: Oakdale. 

Shelby county, Ohio. Situate W., and contains 46S sq. ra. 
Drained by Miami r. and its affluents. Surface rolling and 
pleasantly diversified; soil generally fertile. Chief produc- 
tions, wheat and Indian corn. It exports a large quantity 
of pork and beef. Pine and other timber is found on the 
land. Farms 1,363; manuf. 2S; dwell. 2,405, and pop. — 
wh. 13,634, fr. col. 224— total 13,953. Capital: Sidney. 
Public WorJcs: Bellefontaine and Indiana R. K. ; Dayton 
and Michigan R. R. ; Miami Canal, etc. 

Shelby county, Temi. Situate S. W., and contains 916 
sq. m. Drained by Wolf, Loosahatchy, and Big rivers, all 
tributaries of the Mississippi, which flows on its W. border. 
Surface level ; excepting the bluffs on the Mississippi ; soil 
fertile, and adapted to cotton and tobacco, wheat, and In- 
dian corn. It exports large quantities of beef and pork. It 
is well limbered. Farms 1,115; manuf. 129; dwell. 2,926, 
and pop. wh. 10,591, fr. col. 206, si. 14,360- l.,tal 31,167. 
Capital: Raleigh. Public Works: Memphis and Charles- 
ton R. R. ; Memphis and Nashville R. R. 

Shelby county, TV*. Situate E., and contains 912 sq. m. 
Drained by tributaries of Sabine r., which forms its eastern 
boundary. Surface undulating and interspersed with prairie 
and timber land ; soil rich and very productive, and con- 
sists principally of a flue deep loam, with clay intermixed, 
the land on the Tenaha r. being remarkably fine and pro- 
ductive, and adapted to cotton. Pine, ash, elm, and beach 
are the principal timber trees. Farms 8S0; manuf. 6; 
dwell. 560, and pop.— wh. 3,27S, fr. col. 0, el. 901— total 
4,239. Capital: Shelbyville. 

Shelby, t. and p. v., Orleans co., N. Y. : 244 m. W. by N. 
Albany. Drained by Oak Orchard cr. Surface even ; soil 
calcareous loam. The Erie Canal, and Rochester, Lock- 
port, and Niagara Falls R. R. cross its N. "W. part. The v. 
has some manufactures, mills, etc. Pop. of t. 8,082. 

Shelby, p. v., and cap. Cleveland co., N. Car. : E. side 
First Broad river, 156 m. W. by S. Raleigh. It contains a 
court-house, jail, and other public buildings, several me- 
chanic shops, etc. A short distance S. of the v. is a fine 
sulphurous mineral sprlug. 

Shelby, p. v., Richland co., Ohio: at the junction of the 
Cleveland, Columbus, and Cincinnati R. R. with the Mans- 
field and Sandusky, and Sandusky, Mansfield, and Newark 
R. R., 67 m. S. W. Cleveland, 45 m. S. Sandusky City, and 
69 m. N. by E. Columbus. 

Shelby, p. o., Austin co., Tex. : 95 m. S. E. Austin City. 

Shelby Basin, p. v., Orleans co., .Al Y. : on the Erie 
Canal, 46 m. E. Buffalo, and 31S m. "W. by N. Albany., and 
near the line of the Rochester, Lockport, and Niagara Falls 
R. R. It is a small village. 

Shelby's Ckeek, p. o., Tippah co., Miss. : 175 m. N. N. E. 
Jackson. 

Shelby Springs, p. v., Shelby co., Ala. : on a branch of 
Coosa r., 57 ra. N. by W. Montgomery. 

Shelbyville, p. v.. and cap. Shelby co., TU. : on the W. 
side of the Kaskaskia r., 53 m. S. E. Springfield. It is situ- 
ated on high grouml, in tlie centre of a fertile and well-cul- 
tivated country, and contains a neat court-house, built of 
brick. 2 stories high, surmounted by a cupola, other county 
buildings, etc. A copious sulphur spring is located here. 
The Alton and Terre Haute R. R. passes through the v. 

Shelbyville, p. v., and cap. Shelby co.,Jn(/.: on the 
S. E. bank of Blue r., '26 m. S. Indianapolis. It contains a 
court-house and jail, built of brick, stores of various kinds, 
a number of mechanic shops. 1S2 dwellings from two to 
three stories in height, some of which are of briek, and 995 
inliabitJints. The river is navigable to this place at high 
water, and affords excellent water-power. The Shelbyville 
Lateral Branch R. R., the Knightstown and Shelbyvillo 
R. R., and the Rushville and Shelbyville R. R. all verge 
from this point, 16 m. N. E. from Edinburg, 20 m. from 
RushvillCj and 27 S. by "W. from Knightstown. Taking into 



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consideration these railroad connections, this place will now 
increase rapidly in business and population. The '* National 
Volunteer" is a weekly issue. 

SnELBTVTLLE, p. T., and cap. Shelby co., Kif. : on Brash- 
er'8 cr. of Salt r., 21 m. W. Frankfurt. It contains a court- 
house, jail, etc., and the Shelby College is located here, 
which in ISoO contained 4 professors, 4 alumni, 44 students, 
and a library containing 300 volumes. The " Shelby News'' 
is a weekly (whig) issue. Pop. about SdO. 

SiiELBYViXLE, p. V., and cap. Shelby co., J/o. : on the left 
liank of Jock's cr. of Salt r.. 84 m. N. Jefferson City, It is 
a small place, and contains a court-house, jail, etc Pop- 
ulation 3(11. 

SnRt.nYvii.LE, p. v., and cap. Bedford co., Tenn.: on the 
right bank of Duck r., 43 ra. S. by E. Nashville. It contains 
a court-house, jail, and other public buildings, and a branch 
of the Bank of Tennessee is located here. The " Expos- 
itor" is a weekly (polit.) issue. Pop. about SOO. 

SnELBY\-Ti,t,E, p. v., and cap. Shelby cfi.^ Tex. : on S. side 
of Iluana branch of Sabine river, on an elevated and fertile 
plain, 246 m. N. E. Austin City. It contains a court-house, 
jail. etc. 

Shelpon, t. and p. v., Franklin county. Verm,: 4S m. 
N. W. by N. Monlpelier. The :MiBsisque r. divides the t., 
anil with Black cr., its branch, drains it, and affords good 
hydraulic power. Its lands are good, producing grain, etc.. 
in abundance. The v., on the Missisque r., is a thriving 
place, both in its manufactures and trade. Population 
of t. 1,S14. 

SfTF.i.DON. t and p. v., ■Wyoming co.. K. Y. : 244 m. "W. 
Albany. Drained by Tonawauda and Seneca creeks. 
Surface hilly; soil fertile, better adapted to grazing than 
grain. Its manufactures consist in flour, lumber, leather, 
etc. The v. contains 3 churches. Pop. of t. 2,52T. 
SuEi,i)ONTiLi.E, p. o., Norfolk CO., 3fatiS. 
Sheldrake, p. o., Seneca co., iV". Y. : 161 m. "W. Albany. 
Shell Mound, sta., Marion co., T<^ftn. : on the Nashville 
and Ciiattanooga R. K., 130 m. S. E. Nashville. 

Shell Point, p. o., "Wakulla county, Flor. : 24 miles S. 
Tallahassee. 

Shelltown, p.o., Ocean co., y. Jfir. : on S. side of Cross- 
wick's cr., 12 m. S. E. by E. Trenton. Here is a Friends' 
meeting-house. 

Shelocta, p. v.. Indiana co., Pemi. : on a f )rk of Crookcii 
creek, 12T m. "W. by N. Harrisburg. 

Shelter Island, t. and p. o,, Suffolk co,, y. Y.: 95 m. 
E. by N. New York city, and 244 m. S. E. Albany, and di- 
rectly opposite Greenport. the terminus of the Long Island 
Kailroad, occupying the whole of the island so called, lying 
between Great Peconic and Gardiner's bays. It is 6 miles 
long and 4 m. wide, and was first settled in 1653. Surface 
uneven; soil, though in general inferior, has some fertile 
parts. There is a ship channel around the island, and a 
ferry connects it with Southold, 121} rods distant. Pop. 3S6. 
Sheltonville, p, 0., Forsyth county, Ga. : 95 m. N. W. 
Milled gev die. 

Shenandoah county, Virg. Situate toward the N., and 
contains 3S6 sq. m. Drained by N. fork of Shenandoah r. 
Surface uneven and mountainous; soil various, in some 
parts very fertile. Chief products, wheat and Indian corn. 
Farms 554; manuf. 7; dwell. 2,143, and pop.— wh. 12,59.^, 
fr. col. 262, 9l. 911— total 13,76S. Cajntnl : Woodstock. 
Public Work^: Manassas Gap R. E. 

Shenandoah, p. t.. Duchess co., X. Y.: 10 m. E. from 
Fishkill Landing, 76 m. S. Albany. 

Shenandoah river, Virg. : is a large S. branch of Poto- 
mac r.. formed from its S. branch, which rises in Augusta 
CO., and the N. branch, which rises in Rockingham co,, and 
flows along the W. side of the Blue ridge, and parallel to 
the S. branch, until near their confluence in Warren co., 
whence the united stream flows N. E. to its junction wilh 
Potomac r., near Its pa.'^sage through the Blue ridge at Har- 
per's Ferry. 



Siien.o«doau Iron Works, p. o.. Page co., Virg. : >jS m. 
N. W. Richmond. 

Shetaug river, Cwin. : a branch of the Ilousalonic, en- 
tering it at Soulhbury from the N., affording good water- 
power. 

SiiEPnERD's Grove, p. o., Culpepper co., Vlrg. : 66 m. 
N. N. W.Richmond. 

SnEPHERDSTOwN. p. v., Beluiont co., Ohio: on E. side of 
a branch of Wheeling creek, lliS miles E. by N. Columbus. 
Pop. 90. 

SuEPHERDSTowN, p. V., Cumberland co., Peiiu. : 7 m. S. 
Harrisburg. 

SnEPHERnsTOWN, p. v., Jefferson co., Virg. : on the 9. W. 
side of the Potomac river. 10 m. above Harper's Ferry, and 
129 m. N. by W. Richmond. The water-power is excellent, 
and considerable flour is manufaclnred. The Baltimore 
and Ohio R. R. passes near the v. Three papers fire Issued 
weekly: the ''Free Press"' (whig'), "Siiinl of Jefferson" 
(<lem.), and the "Shepherdsfown Register" (neut.). Pop. 
1,561. 

SnEPHERPSYiLLE, p. v., aH'l Cap. Eullitt CO., A//. ; on N. 
side of Salt r., 4S m. W. S. W. Frankfort. It cnntains the 
CO. buildings, a seminary, anil about 350 inliabilants. The 
Louisville and Nashville R. R. will pass through it. Paro- 
quette Springs, 1 m. from the v., is a watering place of coa- 
siderable resort. 

SuERBonN, t. and p. v., Chenango co., 2i. Y. : 92 m. W. 
Albany. Drained by Chenango river, and the Chenango 
Canal pxsses through, parallel with it. Surface hilly; soil 
fertile. The t. was settled by a party of 20 families from 
Connecticut, and incorporated in IsSO. The v., on the Che- 
nango r. and canal, 41 m. S. W. Utica, is a flourishing place, 
.and contains 4 churches, an academy, several forwarding 
houses, stores, etc. The name of the t has been changed 
by the legislature from Sherburne to the present. Popula- 
tion 2.1'>23. 

SnKREiT.NE, t. and p. v.. Middlesex county. 3f<rf!ft. : lA m. 
S. W. by W. Bostnn. Charles river forms its F. boundary. 
Incorporated 1674. Surface elevated ; soil fertde. The 
Milf..rd Branch R. R. passes through its W. part. The v., 
at the centre, contains 2 churches, and has some manufac- 
tures. Pop. of t. 1.023. 

SirERurRNE, t. and p. v., Rutland county. Verm.: 45 m. 
S. by W. Montpelicr. Surface chiefly broken an<I mount- 
ainous, rising in the S. part into Killingtim Peak, tbff sum- 
mit of which is 3,924 feet above tide-water. Drained by 
Quechee r. Pop. of t. 578. 

SnERBURSE MtLLS p. V.. Fleming co., Ki/.: on E. bank 
of Licking r.. 63 m. E. by N. Frankfort, 

SnERBtTp.NEvtLLE, p. o., Lake co., IiuL : 125 miles N. W. 
Indianapolis. 

SnERtDAN, t. and p. o., Chautauque co., y. Y.: 2SS m. 
W. by S. Albany. Lake Erie bounds it on the N. Drained 
l>y several small streams flowing into the lake. Surface 
hilly; soil fertile. This is a highly cultivated farming district, 
with excellent water-power, several mills, and light matm- 
factures. The New York and Erie, and Lake Shore rail- 
roads pass through the town, and connect at Dunkirk, threo 
miles W. Pop. 2,172. 

Sherman, t. and p. v.. Fairfield co., Conri. : 47 hl W. S. W, 
Hartford, 36 miles N. W. New Haven. Surface uneven. 
Drained by Rock r., a branch of the Housatonic. It con- 
tains several mills, a few stores, and tanneries. Population 
of t. 9S4. 

Sherman, p. v.. Cook co., III. ; on the right bank of N. 
branch Chicago river, 19 m. N. by W. Chicago, and 1S8 m. 
N. E. from Springfield. 

Sherman, p. v., and cap. Grayson county, Tra-. ; on 
Choctaw branch of Red river, 247 miles N. by E. Austin 
City. 

Sherman, t- and p. v., Chautauque county, N. Y. : SOS m. 
W. by S. Albany. Drained by head waters of French cr. 
Surface rolling; soil fertUe. It has excellent water-power. 

7ST 



SHE 



SHO 



The V. contains a furnace, several mills, and a tannery. 
Pop. of t l,2tt'->. 

Sherman, t. and p. v., Huron co., Ohio: 81 m. N. Colura- 
bua. Drained by branches of Huron r. Surface rolling ; 
eoil fertile. Tbe Mansfield and San<hi3ky City K. K. passes 
Ihmu.u'h the E. part The v., on E. side of Pipe creek, has 
sevt-ral mills, etc. Pop, of t. 1,134. 

Sherman's Dale, p. c, Perry co., Penn. : 17 m. W. by N- 
Harris burg. 

Sherman's Hollow, p. o., Yates co., N. T.: 177 m. W. 
Albany. 

Sherodsville, p. 0., Carroll co., Ohio: 99 m. E. N. E. 
Columbus. 

Skekeill's Ford, p. o., Linof»ln county, 2f. Car. : 138 m. 
W. by S. Raleigh. 

Sherwood, t. and p. o., Branch co., ^HeJi. : 61 m. S. "W. 
Lansing. Drained by St. Joseph's r. There is a pond in 
W. part. Surface rolling; soil excellent, and much grain is 
raised. It is one of the best farming towns in the county. 
Pop. 6S6. 

Sherwood's, p. o., Caj-uga co., X. Y. : 150 m. "W. Albany. 

SuESHEQuiN, t. and p. o.. Brail ford co., Peim. : on E. side 
of Susquehanna river. 107 m. N. Harrislmrg. Drained by 
several small streams flowing into the Susquehanna. Sur- 
face hilly ; soil fertile. It has some manufactories, mills, etc. 
Fop. about 1,000. * 

Shetucket river, Co7in.: rises by several branches in 
Tolland and Windham counties, flows S., receiving two 
large tributaries, the Natchaug and "U'iUimantic rivers; 
thence flows S. S. E., and in E. part of Norwich t. receives 
the Quinebaug r., forming the main constituent of Thames 
river. It affords good water-power. 

Shiawassee county, Mich. Situate centrally, and contains 
576 sq. m. Drained by Shiawassee, Maple, ^Mishtegaycock, 
and Looking-glass rivers, which 8ui)ply good water-power. 
Surface level ; soil productive. In some parts of the county 
mineral coal is found. The agricultural products are wheat, 
Iniiian corn, and potatoes. The industry of the county is 
mostly applied to farming. Farms G40 ; manuf. 4S ; dwell. 
972, and pop.— wh, 5,230, fr. col. 0— total 5,230. Capital : 
Conmna. 

Shiawassee, t and p. v., Shiawassee co., MU^h.: 25 m. 
N. E. Lansing. Drained by the Shiawassee and Looking- 
glass rivers. Surface rolling; soil fertile. Mineral coal is 
fount!. The v., on the Shiawassee r., is a flourishing place, 
and has some manufactures. Pop, of t. 810. 

Shickrhinnv, p, v., Luzerne county, Peiin.: on the right 
bank of the Susquehanna r., and on the North Branch Di- 
vision of the Pennsylvania Canal, 77 m. N- E. Harrisburg. 
A furnace, located near the v , operated by water-power, has 
an anun.il capacity of l.SOO tons. 

Shieldsborottgh, p. v., port of entry, and cap. Hancock 
CO., Jiliss.: on W. side of die mouth of Louis bay, 144 m. 
S. S. E. Jackson. It contains the co. buildings, etc, and is 
the port of entry for Pearl river U. S. collection district, of 
which the commercial statistics on 80th June, 1S50, are as 
follows : total tonnage, 1,367 tons, all of which was enrolled 
and licensed, and engaged in the coasting trade; of which 
o3l tons were licensed under 20 tons, and 215 tons propelled 
by steam. During the preceding year it had no foreign 
commerce nor ship-building. 

SniLOAU, p. v., Camden county, K Car. : between North 
and Pasquotank rivers, near their entrance into Albemarle 
Sound, 152 m. E. N. E. Pvaleigh. 

SniLon, p. v., Marengo county, Ala. : 90 mites "W. by S. 
Montgomery. 

Shilou, p. o., Cumberland co., AT. Jer. : 63 m. S. by W. 
Trenton. 

SniLOH, p. c, Callaway co., JTy. .• 216 m. S."W. Frankfort. 
SniLoH, p. 0., Gibson county, Tejm.:117 m. W. by S. 
Nashville. 

Shiloh, p. 0., King George co., Virff. : 51 m. N. by E. 
Blchmond. 
7S8 



SuiLOH, p. v., Sumter dist., S. Car. : on E. »ide Paulding 
swamp of Black r., 53 m. E. Columbia. 

Shii.oh, p. 0., Union pariah. La. : 173 m. N. N. TV. 
Baton Kouge. 

SniNdLE Creek, p. o., St. Lawrence co., 2f. T. : 145 m. 
N. N. \V. Albany. 

Sm!T Hollow, sta., Orange co., K. Y. : on the Erie K. E., 
10 m. W. Otisville, 92 m. N. "W, New York city, and 94 m. 
S. W. Albany. At this place there is a deep cut thrnngh a 
soft sod three-fourths of a mile in length and thirty feet 
deep. This part of the road is of the most oppre^ive lone- 
liness, for the valley is completely shut out of sight by a 
sleep wall on each side of slate rock, 50 feet in height and 
2.500 feet in length, beyond which is a beautiful open 
country. 

Shtnnecock bay, N. Y.: is a beautiful body of water in 
8. part of Southampton t, Suffolk co.. Long Island, 10 ra. 
long, and from 3 to 4 ra. wide— separated from the ocean by 
a narrow saud-beach, evidently formed by the waves. It 
has long been noted for producing large quantities of clams 
and other shell-flsh of superior quality, affording employ- 
ment to many persons. 

SniNNSTON, p. v., Harrison co., MrQ. : on the E. aide of 
the W. fork of Monongahela r., 200 ni. N.W. Eichmond. It 
contains several mills and lumber yards, and has an exlen 
sive trade in lumber. 

Snit'PEN, t. and p. o., M'Kean county, Perm. : 111 m. N.W. 
Harrisburg. Drained by Driftwood branch and other trib- 
utaries of Sinemahoning cr. Surface rough and mountain- 
ous, with some fertile soil in the valleys. It has salt-works 
and springs on Driftwood creek. The Sunbiuy and Eric 
K. E. will pass through this place. 

SurppENSBrEG. p. b. and sta., Cumberland co., Penn. : 
on a branch of Gonedogwinil cr.. and-on the Cumberland 
Valley R. K., 45 m. S. W. Harrisburg. It is located in the 
midst of a fertile country, and has excellent water-power. 
Four miles distant are two furnaces, with an annual capac- 
ity of 1,500 tons each. The "Weekly News" (whig) is pub- 
lished. Pop. 1,57S. 

Shippensville, p. v., Clarion co., Penn.: on Paint cr., 
149 m. W. N. W. Harrisburg. Two furnaces, located here, 
have annual capacities of 1,100 tons and 1,400 tons ; also a 
forge which in 1S50 produced 1,500 tons bar iron. 

Suirem.antown, p. v., Cumberland co., Penn. : 15 m. 
W. by S. Harrisburg. The Cumberland Valley K. R. passes 
near the village. 

SniRLAND, p. o., Alleghany CO., Penn. : 156 m. "W. by N. 
Harrisburg. 

Shirley, t. and p. c, Piscataquis county, Me. : 72 ro. N. 
Augusta. Incorporated in 1S34. Watered by head branch- 
es of Piscataquis r., on which are mills. Pop. 250. 

SHinLEY, t., p. v., and eta., Middlesex co., Mass. : 35 m. 
N. W. by W. Boston. Bounded on the S. E. by Nashua r, 
and on the N. E. by Squanicook branch, each of which af- 
fords fine water-power. Surface generally low and level. 
The Fitchburg U. E. passes through the v. 40 m. from Bos- 
ton, 10 m. from Fitchburg. In the S. W. part of the t. is a 
Shaker settlement of about 150 members. Pop. of t. 1,153, 

Shirley, p. o., Erie co., K. Y. : 264 ra. W. Albany. 

Shirley, p. o., Tjder co., Yirg.: 232 m. N.W. Eichmond 

SniRLEY Mills, p. o., Piscataquis co,, Me. : 72 m. N, 
Augusta. 

SiiiRLEVSutmo, p. 0., Huntingdon co., Penn.: on E. side 
of Great Augwick cr., 53 m. W. Harrisburg. It occupies 
the site and bears the name of an old provincial fortress, 
erected in the French war for the defense of the western 
frontiers. 

Shirley Village, p. v., Middlesex co., Mass. : on Nashua 
river, 34 m. N. W. by W. Boston, containing a church, sev- 
eral mills, and manufactories, 

Shirleyville, p. o., Abbeville district, S. Car. : 19 m. 
W. by N. Columbia. 

SuoAL Creek, p. o., Clinton co., HI. : on the E. side of the 



suo 



SIB 



stream so called, SO m. S, Spriiigflcld. It is located on the 
bonier of a ferlilc pr.nirii^ 

Shoal Crkkk, p. o., Xewtou etiuiily, Jfo. : lOi m. S. Vi'. 
JefllTSiin City. 

SiiOAL Ford, p. v., Limestuue co.,Al<r.: on E. side of 
Liineslone creek of Tennessee river, ll)9 m. N. by "W. 
Montgomery. 

SiiuALs OF OoEriiEE, p. o., llancock county, (rd. : on the 
OiTt-chfc r., 3:1 ni. K. N. K. MiiledijcviUe. 
SiioAL Spring, p. o., Giles co., 'fenn. : T3 m. S.JIashvillo. 
SuoiiKRS MiLi^s, p. 0., Carroll co., Ohio: 97 m. K. N. K. 
Columbus. 

Snori o Sppaxos, p. v., Warren co., X. Oir. : ou E. side 
of Fishing cr.. 45 m. N. E. Kak-igh. 

SuoEMAKni'.'s, sta., Allejraiiy county, N. Y. : on the New 
York and Erie It. K., oOiJ m. New York, and 221 m. 
t;V. 8. W. Albuny. 

SnoiiuLA, sta., Sullivan co., X. Y, : on the Delaware r., 
Erie 11. li., and Delaware and Hudson Canal, lUT ni. N. W. 
New York, 101 m. S. TV. Albany. 
SnoKAX, p. o., Ulster co., N. Y, : 5G m. S. W. Albanj'. 
SjioKoKos, p. v., Henderson county, lit. : 3 m. E. of the 
Misi-issippi r., and 95 ni. N. W. from Sprin^lleld. 

SuoxGAi.o, p. v.. Carroll county, J//-s.s\ ; on the W. of Big 
Black r., 75 ni. N. by E. Jackson. 

Shoni^o, p. 0., Allegany county, X. Y. : 223 ni. W. S. "W. 
Albany. 
SiiooBOTA. p. o.. Clark co.. J/Z-^x ; S7 m. E. by S. .Taeksrm. 
SnnoLiK<; Cr.i:t:K, p. o., Cherokee co., X. Car.: 320 m. 
W. S. "W. Raleigh. 
SitoPiERE, p. o., Ilock CO., W/sc. : 35 m. S. E. Madison. 
Shop Sprln(.;, p. 0., "Wilson county, Teitii. : 23 m. E. by N. 
Nashville. 

Shop Speino, p. 0., Newbury district, S. Cur.: 41 m. 
W. N. "W. Columbia. 

SnoHEHAM, t. and p. v., Addison co.. Verm. : on the E. 
side of Lake Champlain, 45 m. S. W. Montpelier. Drained 
by Lemonfair r., atTording good water-power. Surface 
cv^.-ii; soil fertile, and it is one of the best farming towns in 
Uie Stjite, with some manufactures. Most of the waters here 
are imprcfrnated with epsom salts. The v. is plca-sautly 
located a litlle E. of the lake, and is the seat of Newton 
Academy. F<>p. uf t. 1.6"l. 

SnouT Bend, p. o., Dent co., Mo. : G2 m. S. E. Jefferson 
City. 

Snoirr Ceeek:, t. and p. v., Harrison county. Ohio: 105 m. 
E. by N. C'olumbus. Drai[ie<l by an affluent of the Ohio r., 
which furnishes g'Vjd mill-sites. Surface uneven; soil 
fertile and well adapted to grain. The villages of Harris- 
viile and Georgetown are in the town. The v. has some 
tuanufaclories. etc Pop. of t. 1.95U. 

Siiiip.T Ceekk, p. o., Grayson county, -ffy. ; 95 m. S. E. 
Frank for L 

SuoET Creek, p. 0., Brooke county, TV/y. ; 251 m. N. "W. 
Richmond. 

SuoET Teact, p. v., Allegany co., X. Y. : on a branch of 
the Gentsee r., 225 m. W. Albany. 

SuOETEP.'s, sta., Macon co.. Aia. : on tlic Montgomery and 
West Point li. li., 25 ni. E. Montgomery. 

SnoKTSviLLE, v. and sla., Ontario county, X. Y. : on the 
Rochester and .Syracuse K. E., 41 ra. S. E. Kochester, and 
194 m. W. by N. from Albany. 

SirorsETOwsr, sta*, Alleghany co.. reufi.: on the N. side 
of the Ohio r., and on the Ohio and Pennsylvania K. 11., 
14 m. \V. PitUburg, and 175 m. W. by N. Ilarrisburg. 
SuKKvi:. p. o., Wayae co., Ohio : 7S m. N. E. Columbus. 
SuttKVEPOET. p. v., and cap. Caddo parish, Im. : on the 
right bank of Red r., about 1 m. S. of Soda lake. 201 m. 
N. W. Baton Bougc. It contains a court-house, jail. etc. 
It is the rnoBl important town in N. W. Louisiana, and will 
be inlergecled by the Vicksburg, Shreveport, and Texas 
K. B-. now in progress. Pop. 1.133. 
S-'ijiEWSBfitv, t- and p. v., Worcester co., Mam.: S3 m. 



W. by N. Boston. A large pcmd. abounding in fine fish, 
forms the S. AV. boundary, and is the principal feeder of the 
Blaekstone Canal. Driiiued by several streams aii<l riMiIets. 
Surface uneven an<l hilly, a range of high land exlen<ling 
through it from N. to S. : soil good. In the S. "W. part is a 
meadow, containing excellent peat. It has some manufac- 
tures, consisting of clothing, guns, hats, leather, etc. The 
v. is centrally situ.itc. Pop. of t. 1,5S9. 

SriREwsnuiiY, 1, and p. v., Moninoulh co., X. Jcr. : 36 m. 
E. by N. Trenton. Drained by Neversink. Shrewsbury, and 
Shark rivers, the two former forming ibe N. boumlary, and 
the latter its S. "W. boundary. Surface level ; soil clay loam, 
ur marl. It is much resorteti to by people fruui New York 
and Philadelphia in summer, as a bathing-place. The v. is 
located between Shrewsbury and Neversink rivers. The L 
contains a furnace, tannery, lumber yard, several mills, etc. 
Pop. of t. S,l>{). 

SuREwsnuKV. t. and p. v., York co.. /V»h. ; 33 m. S. by E. 
Ilarrisburg. Drained l-y branches of Codorus cr, Surface 
undulating; soil inf.-rior. The b. is in the S. part of the t., 
and has some manufacture.'*, etc. There is in the t, inde- 
pendent of the b., manufactures uf woolen goods and paper, 
several mills, etc. The Ballimr.re and Susiiuebanua K. K, 
crosses the W, part of the town. 

StiREWKiuniT, t. and i>. v., lUUland county, P?/w, ; 54 m. 
S. by Montpelier. Drained by Mill and CoM rivers, which 
afford water-power. Surf;ice mountainous. lying on the 
Green Mountain ran^e. It contains Shrewsbury Peak: 
height 4,100 feet above tide-water. The land is ehieily 
adapted to grazing, and there is good timber. It has some 
manufactures. The v. is on Cold river, and the liutlatul 
and BurlingtoQ B. i;. crosses the S. W. part of the t. Pop. 
of t. 1,26S. 

Shrewsbuht, p. o., Kanawha co., Mr(/. : 229 ra. W. N. "W. 
Bichmond. 

SiiREWsuui'.v river, Monmouth co., X. Jer.: a continua- 
tion of Sandy Hook bay. flowing 5 m. partly Ihroiigb a salt 
marsh, averaging about li m. in width. II receives Shrews- 
bury ri\er propi.-r, a stream G or 7 m. long. 

SuRUB Oak, p. 0., Westchester county, A'". }'. ; 93 m. S. 
Albany. 

SnuLLsnrRG, t and p. v., Lafayette county, Tr/<c. .• on a 
branch of Fever r., 57 m. S. W. Madison. Large quantities 
of lea<l ore are here raised. Pop. l,(J7S. 
SiiiTNK, p. o., Sullivan co.. Penii. : 75 m. N. Harrisburg. 
Siitr.NK. p. o., Henry county, Ohio: li.i5 miles N. W. 
Columbus. 

SauNPiKE, V. and sta., Cayuga county, X. Y. : on the 
Rochester an<l Syracuse R. U., 33 m. W. S. "W. Syracuse, 
an«l 154 ni. W. by N. from Albany. 

SiirsriAN, p. v. and sta.. Washington co., X. Y. : on the 
Baltenkill,and on the Butlaml and Washington K. U.,34 m. 
N. E. Troy, and 45 m. from Albany. 

SuuTEsr.ruv, t. and p. v., Franklin county, Miism.: 09 ra. 
W. by N. Boston. Drained by branches of Mill r. and by 
Switl r. Surface elevated, in parts liilly ami rocky ; s<iil of 
average fortilily, most i>roduotive altjug the streams. Lock's 
Pond in N. W. part of t., covers 700 acrt-s, and is well 
stocked with fish. There is also a mineral spring of some 
note near the centre, abounding in muriate of lime. The 
manufactures of the t are light. The v. is located centrally. 
Pop. of I. 912. 

Shy Post. p. v.. Auilrain co,. Mo. : on the E. of Loutrie 
r.. 42 m. N. E. Jeff.-rson City. 
SiAM. p. o., Leon CO., Te.r. : 123 m. N. E. Austin City. 
SiASCoNSET. v., Nantucket co., 3fn8s.: on the S. E. part 
Of Nantucket island, 7 ra. from Nantucket v., is an attractive 
summer report, having a fine hotel and other accommoda- 
tions. 

SiiiiLA, p. v., "Wasliington p.ar.. La. : on a branch of Tan- 
gipahoa r., 49 m. N. E. Baton Rouge. 

SiiiLEY. p. v., Jackson co.. Mo. : on the right bank of the 
Ohio r., UG m. W. N. W. Jefferson City. 

7S9 



SIB 



SIM 



Sibley's Mii.LS.Wilkinson co.,Miss.: 101 m. S. "W. Jackson. 

SiciLY.p.o., Highland co,/M/i-j;01 miles S.S.W. Cnlumbiis. 

Sideling mouiituitis, Penn, and M<f. : a range of mount- 
ains traversing Huntingdon :ind Bedford counties, Pennsyl- 
vania, and Alk'gliany co., Md. 

Sidney, p. v., Marshall co., Jmh : 101 m. N. Indlannpolis. 

Sidney, t. and p. v., Kennel)ec county, J/«.; 7 miles N. 
Augusta. The Kennebec r. forms its K. boundary, nud a 
porliou of Snow's Pond is on Ihe N. part, by wliieli it is 
watered. Surface varied ; soil fertile, and much grain is 
raised. Incorporated in 1792. Its manufactures consist of 
leather, lumber, etc. The village is on the right bank of the 
Kennebec river. Pop. of I. l,{tyr). 

Sidney, p. v., Hunterdon co., y. Jer. : on the W. of South 
branch liaritan r., 26 m. N. W. Trenton. 

Sidney, t. and p. v., Delaware co., JV. T. : S2 m. W. S. W. 
Albany. Drained by Oloont creek and other small streams 
flowing into the Susquehanna r., which bounds it on the 
N. Surlace hilly, except along the r., where it is even ; soil 
of great fertility, and well cultivated. It has good waler- 
power, and some manufactures, consisting of woolen goods, 
flour, and lumber. The v. on Oleont creek has some mills, 
etc. Pop. of t. 1,S0T. 

Sidney, p. v., and cap. Shelby co., Ohio: on a branch of 
the Great Miami river and lino of the Sidney feeder of the 
Miami canal, Co m. W. N. \V. Columbus. It contains a fine 
brick cimrt-house, a jail, several stores, manufactories, etc., 
and is destined to be a place of commercial importance. 
The Eellefontaine and Indiana K. E. passes through it, and 
is here intersected by the Dayton and Michigan K. R. — two 
lines connecting it with the great towns in every direction. 
Pop. in 1&40, 713, and in 1S50, 1,302. 

Sidney Centre, p. v., Delaware co., 2^. Y. : on a small 
stream, tributary of the Susquehanna river, 83 m. W. 8. W. 
Albany. 

Sidney Plains, p. v., Delaware co., 2^. Y. : on S. side of 
Susquehanna r., 92 m, "W. S. W. Albany. 

SiDONSBUKG, p. o., York comity, Penn. : 11 m. S. by "W. 
Harrisburg. 

Siegel's Store, p. o., Lincoln county, iV; Car. : 139 miles 
W. S. W. Kaleigh. 

SiEKRA comity, C(tlif. Situate E. on the State line, and 
occupying the mountain sources of the Yuba river. Area 
about 800 sq. m. The principal mountains are Saddle 
Peak, 7,200 feet high ; Table mountain 8,000 feet, and the 
Buttes at the liead of the S. fork of the Yuba, 9,000 feet, and 
8urrounde<J with quartz leads. This is one of the richest 
gold fields in the State, and has also mimy facilities for suc- 
cessful agriculture, its great elevation nevertheless. Lime- 
stone of excellent quality abounds; but there are no mineral 
springs. In ls52 the capital invested in quartz mining 
amounted to $0,109 ; in placer mining, $134,051, and in 
other industries, $7;i2,225. Tlic principal mining locations 
are Downieville, with SIO inhabitants; Pine Grove, with 
504 ; Windsor, 210 ; Cox's and Snake Bars, 346, and Good- 
year's Bar, 3oG. Cultivated land 103 acres. Population at 
same date 4,855 — whiles3,G92— 3,630 males, and G2 females; 
negroes 42; mulattoes 7, and foreign residents 1,067—1,033 
males, and 34 females. Over 21 years of age — citizens of 
Uie United States 3,463, negroes 41, mulattoes 7, and for- 
eigners 976. Capital: Downieville. 

Sierra, Morlno, or Brown Modntains, San Francisco 
CO., Cal/f. : the most remarkable commence at a point 
about 10 miles S. of San Francisco city, and run alung the 
coast until they unite with the range of same name in the 
county of Santa Clara ; they are above 2,000 feet in height, 
and protect the inhabitants of the valley from the coast 
winds. The soil in the valleys is rich and productive. 
Several streams have their sources here, and some gold is 
found 

Sierra Nevada mountains, Calif. {See California.) 

SiGouRNEY, p. v., Keokuk county, /rt.; on a branch of 
Skunk r.. 50 m. S. W. Iowa Cilj". Pop. 1C2. 
790 



Sill's Creek, p. o., New Hanover co., 27. Car. : 84 m. 
S. S. E. Ealeigh. 

SiLOAM, p. v., Madison co., :\'; >*. ; 104 m.W. N.W. Albany. 

SiLOAM, p. o., Surry county, X Car. .- 120 m. W. N. W. 
Pvaleigh. 

Silver lake, Wyoming co., 27. Y. ; a beautiful lake, lying 
in the towns of Perry and C:islile, 5 m. long and three-quar- 
ters of a mile wide, abounding with excellent flsh, originally 
introduced from Lake Erie. 

Silver Blfff, 6'. Car: an eminence extending about 
2 m. along the bank of the Savannah river, about 1 m. wide, 
and elevated nearly 30 feet above the opposite shore. 

Silver Creek, p. v., Stephenson co., 171.: on the S. side 
of Pekalonica r., at Ihe mouth of Silver creek, 163 miles N. 
Springfield. The Illinois Central K. E. passes 1 mile N. of 
this place. 

Silver Creeik, p. c, Schuylkill co., Penn.: 42 m N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Silver Creek, t. and p. o., Cass co., MicJi. : 93 m. S. W. 
Lansing. Drained by Dorragiake river. Surface gently 
undulating, with au exceedingly fertile soil, producing 
grain in abundance. The stream affords good water-power. 
Pop. 491. 

Silver Creek, p. v., and sta., Chautauque county, 27, Y. : 
near the mouth of the creek so called and its confluence 
with Lake Erie, and on the Buffalo and State Line K. K., 
31 miles S. by W. Buffalo, 2S6 m. W. from Albany. It is a 
manufacturing village, and has some trade in lumber, etc. 
The imports for 1843 amounted to $212,SI9, and the exports 
$107,081, making a total of $:n 9,900. Being connected with 
Dunkirk and Buffalo by II. R. and the lake by water, it bids 
fair soon to become a place of some note. It has 1 bank, cap- 
$92,850. The '• Silver Creek Mail" (whig) is a weekly issue- 

Silver Creek, p. o., Maury county, Tenn.: 35 m. S. 
Nashville. 

Silver Glade, p. v., Anderson district, S. Car.: E. of 
Twelve Mile creek, 05 m. N. W. by W. C.>Iumbia. 

Silver Hill, p. o., Davidson county, JV". Car. : 89 m. W. 
Raleigh. 

Silver Lake, p. o., Washtenaw co., Mich. : 45 m. S. E- 
Lansing. 

Silver Lake. t. and p. v., Susquehanna co.^Penn. : 59 m. 
N. N. E. Harrisburg. Drained by tributaries of Chocouui 
creek, and by Sdver creek, outlet of Silver lake, a sheet of 
water three-quarters of a mile long and half a mile wide, 
N. E. of which is Quaker lake. Surface billy ; soil fertile. 
The V. on Silver cr. has several mills, etc. 

Silver Run, p. o., Meigs co., Ohio : 75 m. 8. E. Columbus. 

Silver Kln, p. v., Talladega co., Ala.: on Chockolocko 
creek, 86 m. N. by E. Montgomery. 

Silver Spring, p. o., St. Francois co., Mo. : 107 m. E. S. E. 
Jefferson City. Deposits of iron and lead are found in the 
vicinity. 

Silver Street, sta., Newbury disL, S. Car. : on tbe 
Greenville and Columbia R. R., 54 m. W. N.W, Columbia. 

Silveuton, p. o., Barnwell district, S. Car. : 63 m. S. W. 
Columbia. 

Silver Top, Obion co., Tenn. : 137 m-W. Naslivillc. 

SiLVERviLLE, p. v., Lawrcncc co., Itul. : on a branch of 
White r., 65 m. S. S. W. Indianapolis. 

Simmons, P.O., Lawrence CO., 0/t/tf;99m.S. byE. CoUmibus. 

SiMMONsviLLE, p. o., Gilcs CO., Vlrg. : 143 m. W. by S. 
Richmond. 

SiM-M*s Port, p. o., Avoyelles par.. La. : 73 m. N. W. 
Eaton Rouge. 

Slmonsville. p. v., Windsor CO., Venn,: on a branch of 
William's river, 73 m. S. Monlpclier. 

Simpson county, Ky. Sitviate S. toward Iho W., and con- 
tains 234 sq. m. Drained by Drake's creek and blanches, 
which enter Big Barren r., in the \-.. of Warren co., and l>y 
branches of Red r.. a chief tributary of Cumberland r. Sur- 
face level ; soil fi-rtile. and atlapted to cotton and tobacco, 
w hich Willi wheal and Indian corn, form the staples. The 



SIM 



SIX 



: 13T 



1. W. by S. 



^u";;;i;;^i;^r;^e S.ate Ucs on its 8 b,.r^.r. J^^^ 
Louisvillo and Nashville E. E. , „ , s ■nr and 

and coilon. Farms 451: maiuif. s; Ive". 5-0, »■ J 
-wl,. 8,190, fr. col. 3, si. 1,541-lotal 4,,.^. OW't^"- 

■Wfstvilk'. 
SiMi-soN's, p. ■...Floyd cuiinty, T -'•(/• 

S,Ml.sos-s, sla., Preston Co., nm : on the B: « or^ n",' 
Ohio E. E., m m. S. E. Wheeling, and 1,.. m. N. ^^ . 

'";:r;'-sM,..,p.o.,Laurensdis..,^a,..onE.slde 

ofEaeI,urn'.cr.,CGm.N.W.Oolmnbia. .,;5„w 

SI^>l>80N■s STOEE, p. cWashinglon co., Pern,. . l.o m.W. 

"^'::^,.r..,p.v.,Shel„yco.,iu,.:onFloyd-sfcrl.of 
Salt r., ISl m. S. W. Nashville. 

.s:j!;^™^g^n;,n^™--^;;'>^^-'- 

S N. K. corner is the flourishing mannfaeUm, village of 
TarilTv.lle. Pop. of t. in 1S4«, l.s o ; m ^'». ; ■"; „ 

S,v-,-i..ME-s Bottom, p. o., Smyth county, 1 "(/.. 2.?1 m. 
W S W. Richmond. ,, 

i.NKATU. V. and sta., Charleston district, .S'. Car. : on the 

.^ri:::u:ed t^om the Atlantic Ocean by ^ - -j^ 
called Assateague, or Fenwidc's island. It .s na^ .gable 

"1;r:::^r:::^u:torccster co„ .«.: a l„ng ne* o.^ 
, *V^'' . ,;„„ ,„,„ „,e bay so called, almost separated 
S™ r ah bvTrl; an,lN.erring creeks, between the 
^;SrI of which tke co,.strucUon of a canal has been pro- 

^'tt, SK.-.,P. V. and sta., Westchester eo., K T.: on E. 
banlJ of Hudson river ; by Hudson Eiver E. E., 8'2 tn. from 
N w York, and W m. frotn Albany. Situated on elevated 
fn, nneve. ground, and presenting a picturesque appear- 
ae Incorporated in 1S13. It has several land. ngs from 
v> W> steamboats and other vessels ply da.ly to New To k, 
„i which it has a large trade. It contains an .ron fo. n- 
I ^'p-yard, grist-mill, some small manulaetor.es and 5 
01 ,;,-.es. Mount Pleasant Academy, an incorporated m- 
B i n for boys, has a handsome marble ed.flce, 3 stor.es 
tlhabove the basement. The Mount Pleasant l.emale 
« "n,inarv is also an incorporated instimtion.hav.ng abe.au- 
UMloeation. The Croton Aqueduct »' ' - I^-J^,™ * 
. , ,<■ „„.,.h nllra.-tion; it cros-ses over the bmg Ring kui 
^ t:;i:r ':^: o/whiC. ^e space be,.ee„ i. abu^ 
ments is SS feet, and its elevation from the creek 100 f.a. 
Sinfs ,g i chiefly celebrated for its very extensive qu.ar- 
r's'of l lent marble, large quantities of which are an- 
„;:«; quarried and sent to New York at.d <•»- P -« ' 
these are chiefly worked by the eonv.cis of the blate 1 r.son, 
. K.d about talf a mde S. of the village, ""f """f;™'- 
' i,i„. 18,1 acres. The main building is 4S4 fee long. 44 
S wTde, .5 stories high, and contains 1,00» cells. Adjo.n.ng 
are the various workshops, chapel, hospital, s ore-houses, 
1 all built of rough-dressed marble. The female eon- 
viet's are in a separate building. The annual receipts of 
ahorfrom the convicts are nearly equaled by the expend- 
lures The average number of convicts in 1*60 was rll, 
of whom SO were females. Pop. about 2.S00 

SiskiNO CREEK, p. o., Botetourt CO., )«■!,.: 131 m. ^^ . 
Eichmond. 



Oliiu: on E. side of 



S.NRiso Si-iusr., p. v.. Highland Co., 

Brush cr., 61 m. S. by W. Columbus. . ,5 „ e. 

SiNKiN.i Spei-ng, p. v., Berks county, Pe'in. . to m. li. 

":^:;;':^-Y.r.,.,c.Mt,.,.,p.o.,Blairco.,P.«..:SOm. 
^r."« p. o., Clinton CO., ^«,..:.Om.N.W. 
"^:;:M!;o.t.a river, A«».: a large tributary of^U^e 

convent. , contains 1,050 

.:r^ir:::^b^head:rthesofFloyd.r.,^mbu.ry 
o Sioux r which flows on its western border. Surface .11 
:^ri:;;el.but l,. parts undulating, Vr^^^^^^S^^^^^ 
diversity in the nature of the county, bo.l feruk, and la 
vSe'to the growth of fruit, wheat, Indian corn, etc It 
lias some excellent thnber. Set oft since IsoO. 

';.oi'X river, Jili-uK and /<(. ; more commonly named 
•Bit Sioux ., ises in one of the numerous lakes t.car Iho 
;^;ofthe;.evatedKairie,»dinthe^ntr^p..«^^^ 
Minnesota Territory-flows E. S. E- "l' "' -™ " 
„u,„ies into the Missouri r. Below 43- ot N. lat., ,t torn^ 
the bou,.dary between Iowa and M.nncso a 

S.CE.v.LLE, p. o., Somerset county, I'c.in. ■ lb) ""■« •»■ 

"^!r"'' P v., Plymouth CO., J.«.. : on W. side of Sip- 
pie a b.'r of Buiard-s bay, 51 m. S. by E. Boston The 

,' ,«1 busmess of this V. is the mat.ufacture of salt. 
's'srvTuuKiuKK, P.O., Tuscaloosa co.,.l/...: on the nght 
bank of Sipsey r., 100 m. W. N. W. Montgomery 

",B J.mVB Eus, p. o., and sta., Morgan eo., 1 uV on 
biB JoUN b ivi, , t. Harper's Ferry, 

the Baltimore and Ohio 1'. 1'., ■'•' '"• "• " • ^ 
■ind I'lS m. N. bv W. Eiehnlond. 

•"li^von county, CUf. S.tuate N. E-, bc^cen has^6 
county and the N. Slate line, and ^-^ f"' ^^J^^^^"',^ J; 
hetween the E. line of the State and the Coast l.an„e. 
Area about S,000 sq. m. The surface is elevated and mon,.t. 
ti ous wHh valle,. of great extent intervening It contains 
\ ,mVhast6 a ofly eminence, 14,400 feet above the sea- 
^;™ andlm t,?e slopes of which the Sacramento has its 
head eons, iuents. A large number of tributaries, of wh.eh 
P t r is most considerable, Join it in this county, and 
th re are also several mountain lakes, the outlets of which 
* w i.do I. Of these Ehett and Deer lakes are the m,« 
ex e. " ve. Gold mining is the principal ind.,,, ry. In 1«2 
U^ re were 9 quarlz mills in operation. Capital invested m 
o arlz ■nh.ii.MSo.oSO; in placer mining, $39,10o ; and m 
quartz m.i... ,-, r employed in other oceupa- 

;tr ^T^m Si ^r euUiLu,n, 309 acr.. Pop- 
:,;„':; ,he same period, 2,240, of which were wh.l.9..(^ 
n.iles 1S74 and females S2; negroes 84-,nah.3 -U, ana 
T , 1 . muKtloes 4 males; Indians 20-23 males, and 4 
Taks and for S rcTiden^ 220-males 213, and fcnalcs 
rOv:;.H yelrs o°f age-citizens of the United Stands 1.51 ,. 
negroes 32, mulaltoes 4, Indians 12, and foreigners 207. 

''^;;':^;^. v., Kanawha co. T7.V. : on a branch of 
' Pocatalieo r., 28T ,m W. N W. En^mornl. ^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^ ^^ 

,heXrr5or;;iowwh:::;nU.i23om.Nw.Eic,. 

the, h.or 5Jn ^^.^ ^^^ ^, ^„,, 

"Xln ^u!wt::h was subsequenuy transferred to M.ddle- 
"7; o'^sS, p. o„ Eiehland CO., OMo: 67 m. N. by E. 

'1','" MMX. p. c. Jennings CO., M. : on a creek so called, 
5s m. S. S. E. Indianapolis. 
SI.X M,UE Faies, p. o., Penobscot CO., J/i. _^^ 



SIX 



SME 



Sis Mii.k IIu.v, p. o., Somt-rst-l co., X. Jer. 
Six MiLi: Run, p. o., BeJford co., Penn. : S3 m. W.S. W. 
llarrisburg. 

Sis Kuxs, p. v., Stimpson co., jV Car. : on the E. side of 
a cr. so c:i!Ied, 66 au S. by E. Raleigh. 

Skaneai-eles, t. and p. v., Ou'indaga co., y. Y. : 140 m. 
W. by N. Albany. The greater part of the lake so calloil h 
in this town, and its oulkt, flowing: N. hito Seneca r.. drains 
it, and alT'>rds excellent water-power. The surface, for 5 or 
6 miles from the foot of the lake upward, stupes gently to 
to the water's edge, but toward the head of the lake it 
becomes more abrupt, and even moimtainousi, and Ihere are 
miniature paii&ades cnntauiing geological wonders. The 
soil is excellent, and the country is noted for its agricultural 
resources ; and is well laid out in farms, with spacious farm- 
houses and out-buildings, giving every indication of abund- 
ance and thrift. The v. (incorporated in 1S03) is at the out- 
let of the lake, and having a commanding site, presents a 
neat and tasteful appearance. Near it, at the base of a 
steep range of hills, some 600 feet high, is a commodious 
hotel and a water-cure establishment. It is a considerable 
manufacturing place, and contains flouring and saw mills, 
iron foundries, machine shops, two extensive carriage fac- 
tories, woolen factories, and tanneries, besides a number of 
workshops (jf various kinds. The Skanealeles and Jordan 
Branch K. R. diverges from the v., and connects with the 
Rochester and Syracuse R. R. at ibe junction, 5 m. N. Three 
papers are issued, 2 weekly, the " S. Columbian" (whig), 
and the *' S. Democrat'' (dera.), and 1 monthly, the " Family 
Companion." Pop. of t. 4,0SO. 

Skankateles lake, y. Y. : lies partly between Cayuga and 
Onondaga counties. It is a beautiful sheet of water, 15 m. 
long, and about 1 m. wide, and surrounded by romantic 
scenery. It is noted for its fine trout and other tisb, with 
which it abounds. 

Skeels' Cross Roads, p. o., Mercer co., OJuo : S9 m. 
W. by N. Columbus. 

Skegg's Creek, p. c, Barren co., JTt/. : on a stream so 
called, 110 m. S.S. W. Frankfort. 

Skinnek's, p. 0., Benton co., Oreg. Te)\ : 50 m. S. S. E. 
Salem. 

Skinner's Eddy, p. o., "VTyoming co., Pejin. : on Susque- 
hanna r., ^0 m. N. N. E. Harrisburg. 

Skinquarter, p. 0., Cheslerfleld co., Virg. 

Skippack. t. and p. o., Montgomery co., Penn. : 77 m. 
E. Harrisburg. Drained by the er. so called. Surface 
hilly ; soil fertUe. Skippackville is in this town. Pop. of 
1. 1,622. 

Skowueoan, t. and p. v., Somerset co., 3re. : on N. bank 
of Kennebec r, ?>2 m. N. Augusta. Soil fertile and well cul- 
tivated. The V. possesses the advantages of a great water- 
power, furnished by Skowhegan falls, which are improved 
by mills of various kinds, a woolen factor}', tannery, etc. It 
is well built, and has considerable trade. The " People's 
Press" (whig) and "Democratic Clarion"' are published 
weekly. Pop. oft. 1,756. 

Skunk river, la.: rises in the highlands, in the central 
part of the State, flows by S. E. course nearly parallel to the 
Des Moines for 150 m., an*! empties into the Mississippi. It 
drains a rich and fertile portion of the State, and abounding 
with limber, and atTords many excellent mill sites. 

Slabtow^n, p. o., Anderson dist., S. Car. : on the E. side 
of Twenty-three Mile cr., 103 m. N. W. Columl/ia. 

Slabtown, sta.. Rush co., Ind. : on the Rushville and 
ShelbyviUe R. R., 1-i m. Shclbyville, and 32 m. E. S. E. 
Indianapolis, 

Slack, p. c. Mason co., Ky. : 71 m. N. E. Frankfort. 

Slade, p. o., Lee county, Ga.: 107 miles S. W. Milledge- 
ville. 

Sladesville, p. 0., Ilyde co., K Car. : 133 m. E. by S. 
Raleigh. 

Slate, p. v., Bath co., Ay. ; at the confluence of Slate cr. 
with Licking r., G7 m. E. Frankfurt. 
71*2 



Slai-efobd, p. o., Northampton co., Penn.: 97 m. N. E. 
Uarrisbnrg. 

Slate Hill, p. c, York co., Perm- : 25 m. S. Harrisbur^. 

Slate Hill, p. o., Orange county, 2f, Y, : 97 in. S. W. 
Albuny. 

Slate Lick, p. o., Armstrong co., Pcmi. : 137 ra. W. N. W. 
Harrisburg, 

Slate Mills, p. o., Rappahannock: county, Virg. : on a 
branch of the Rappahannock river, 75 miles N. N. W. 
Richmond. 

Slateryille, p. T., Tompkins co., X. Y. : on Six Milecr., 
13S m. W. by S. Albany. It is a small manufacturing village 
containing about 350 inhabitants. 

Slatertille, p. v., Providence co., H. L: on Branch r., 
14 ra. N. W. by N. Providence. It contains several fac- 
tories, which are chiefly engaged in making coltou and 
print goods, etc. It is a pleasant v., and contains also two 
cliurches. 

Sledge\tli^, p. v., Panola co.. Miss. : on a branch of 
Tallabatchee r., 150 m. N. Jackson. 

Sleepy Ckeek, p. o., Wayne CO., X. Cur. : 43 m. S. E. 
Raleigh. 

Sleepy Creek, sta., Berkley co., Vtrg. : on the Baltimore 
and Ohio R. R., 35 m. N. W. Harper's Ferry, and 13S m. 
N. by "W. Richmond. 

Sleepy Creek, p. v., Edgefield dist., S. Car. : on a branch 
of Little r., 52 m. W. Columbia. 

Sleepy Creek Bridge, p. o., Morgan co., Virg. : SO ra. 
N. N. W. Richmond. 

Sligo, p. 0., De Kalb county, Temi. : 55 m. E. by S. 
Nashville. 

Sligo, p. o., Ilenrj' co., JCi/. : 25 m. N. W. Frankfort. 

Slkio, p. o., Clinton co., Ohio: 55 m. S. "W. Columbus. 

Slippery Rock, t. an«l p. o., Butler co., Peim.: 173 m. 
W. N. "W. Harrisburg. Drained by the cr. so called, and its 
tributary. Wolf cr. Surface uneven, with a very fertile soil, 
producing grain, etc. The v. of Centreville is located in the 
town. There are in the t. two furnaces, with an annual 
capacity of 1,100 tons each; several tanneries, grist, and 
saw mills. Pop. of L 1,700. 

Sloansville, p. v., Schoharie co., JVi K .■ on Vly cr.. and 
on Cherry Valley turnpike, 32 m. W. by N. Albany. It dt- 
rives good water from the stream, improved by various saw- 
mills, etc. Pop. about 350. 

SLOATsnuRG, p. V. and sta., Rockland co., X. Y. : on the 
Ramapo river, and on the New York and Erie R. R., S5 ra. 
N. by W. New York, and 16S m. S. by W. from Albany. 
This beautiful and thriving manufacturing place presents 
a singular aspect to the traveler. From the sta. are to be 
seen two substantial cotton factories, and not a sign of a v. 
or hamlet in sight, those employed in them dwelling in the 
bumble but neat abodes scattered along this " happy valley." 
The mills, embowered as they are in noble trees, look as 
though they were placed in some gentleman's park, did not 
the adjacent dingy blacksmith shops show that the precincts 
were those of a regular factory. These establishments 
were erected in 1S20, the brick portion in 1S4G, and are 
used exclusively for making cotton ticitie, of which article 
5.000 pounds are sent weekly " by rail" to New York. This 
improved town is the invention of the princijial proprietor 
of the mills, and owner of the grounds on which they slan<l. 
Major Jacob Sioat, from whom the place gets its name. Ho 
derives his domain from his grandfather, to whom it was 
assigned by five Imiian chiefs in 1733, and the original deed 
of conveyance, being drawn up in a choice lingo, com- 
pounded of Dutch and Indian, is quite a curiosity. 

Sloyersville, p. o., Luzerne co., Penn. : 77 m. N. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

SMiRR's, sta., Monroe co., Ga. : on the Macon and West- 
ern R..R., 19 ra. W. by N. from Macon, and 51 m. W. by S. 
from Milled geville. 

Smei.seu*s Mius, p. 0., Rush co., Ind. : 8S m. E. by S 
Indianapolis. 



SME 



SMI 



Smeltzer's Geovb, p. o., Grant co., H7.sf. ; C5 in. S. "W. 
Madison. 

Smeltzer's MorsT, p. o., Pickens (list., S. Car.: 135 ni. 
N. \V. by "W. Culunibia. 

Smicksihti:g. p. v.. Iniliana co., Penn. : on Mahoning cr, 
12T ni. W. X. W. Harrisbur;;. 

SsiiTir enmity, J/;.sx Situate S. centrally, and contains. 
C15 sq. n). Draini'd by lu-aii branrlu-s of Leaf river and 
branches of I'earl r. Surface uneven ; soil in general good, 
and adapted to cotton, which ia Iho prinripal production of 
the CO. It has &cmv fine pasture land. Farms 4'25 ; manuf. 
6: dwell. 515, and pop.— wh. a,073, fr. col. 0, si. 09S— total 
4,071. Capital : lialeigh. 

Smith county, Teiin. Situate toward the N., and contains 
2>s sq. ni. Cumberland r, passes through the en., by whicii 
and it* trilnit:iry. Caney fork, and also by their branches, it 
is <iraiued. Surface hilly; soil fertile, the land in general 
being very proiluclive and adapted to tobacco, which it pro- 
duces abundantly. Good cHion is also grown, and fine 
crops of wheat and Indian corn are raised. It exports large 
quaniities of beef and pork. Farms 1.310; manuf. 32; 
dwell. '2,422, and pop.— wh. 13,709, fr. col. 1S(5, si. 4,517— 
total 1S,412. Capital: Cartilage. 

S.MtTii county, Tcr. Situate towaril the N. E., and con- 
tains 1,040 sq. m. Drained by iiead branches of Angelina 
river and affluents of Neches r., which runs on its AV. bor- 
der. Surface undulating; soil varied; on the rivers the 
land is generally rich, and consists of a fine black mold, 
favorable to the growtli of cotton and com. Grapes grow 
wild, and might, by cultivation, be rendered valuable. It 
lias many springs and numerous streams of excellent water. 
Farms 24S , manuf. 1 ; dwell. i»03. and pop.— wh. 3,575, fr. 
col. 0, si. 717— total 4.*292. Capital: Tyler. 

Smith Dale, p. o., Amit6 euuuty, Miss. : S3 m. S. S. W. 
Jackson. 

SMiTHFrELP. p. v., Delaware co., Iiid. : on the N. bank 
of White r. and on the Indianapolis and Bellefontaiue K. U., 
60 ra. N. E. Indianapolis. 

Smithfielp, t. and p. v., Somerset county, Me. : 23 ni. N. 
Augusta. The town contains East Pond and part of Milk 
pond; has a few saw-miUa and some manufactures. Pop. 
of t. 873. 

Smithfield, p. v., and cap. Johnson co., 2^. Car. : on the 
E. side of Neuse river. 20 m. S. E. Kaleigh. It contidns a 
court-hnuse, jail, and other county buildings. Pop. 329. 

SMiTimKLn, t. and p. v., Jefferson c<iunty, Ohio: 111 m. 
E. by N. C'llumbus. Drained by branches of a stream 
Sowing E. into tlie Ohio river, affording good mill-power. 
Surface much broken; soil adapted to grain and grass. 
The t contains several stores and flouring-mills, a tannery, 
etc. Pop. of t. 1.SS2. 

Smithfield, st.i., Mahoning co., OJiio: on the Ohio and 
Pennsylvania R. K., 57 m. E. by N. Woosler, and 117 m. 
N. E. Columbus. 

Smithfield, p. v., Polk co., Tfx. : on E. bank of Trinity 
river, 174 m. E. by N. Austin Cily. 

Smithfield, t., Providence eo.. f!. T. : 9 m. N. Providence. 
This large and important inanufacluring t. comprises sev- 
eral large factory villages, described in order, of which 
Woonsocket FalLs and Slatcrsville are among the largest. 
Great water-power is furnished by Blackstone river (which 
bovmds it on the E.) and its branches, particularly at Woon- 
socket Falls, where it has a descent of about 20 feet in a 
short di.stance, over a rocky jtrecipice. Surface undulating, 
and in some parts rough, but fur the most part agreeably 
diversified; soil gravelly and sandy loam, an<l generally 
fertile, with some low and marshy tracts. Limest()ne 
abounds, and lh<; manufacture of lime is extensive, employ- 
ing many p.-rsons. There is a qviarry of whitestono at 
Woonsocket Hill, valuable for furnace hearths, and 2 miles 
from this a quarry of excellent whetstones. In the S. part 
of the town is Scott's Pond, a considerable body of water, of 
great depth and steep shores. Thu factories uro chiefly eii- 

D 5 



gaged in making print goods, collon goods, etc., but other 
mills are numerous. In the t. are 5 banks, with aggregate 
capital of $3:34,775. Population iu 1S40, 9,534; in 1S50, 
11.500. 

SMiniFiFLP, p. o., F.iyette co., Penn.: iu a hilly region, 
on hit bank iif the Youghiogcny r, 133 m. "W. S. W. 
Ilarrislturg. 

S.MniiiiEi.i), p. o. and sta., Henry co., Ky. : on the Louis- 
ville and Frankfort li. U., 30 in. N. W. Fraukf-irt. 

Smithfielo, p. v., and cap. Isle of M'ight co., I'/'YA ■' ^'^ 
an inlet of James' r., 25 m, W. by N. Norfolk and 5S m. 
S. E. Richmond. It contains a court-house and oilier 
county buildings. Poj). 43S. 

Smitiiland, p. T., Livingston co., Kij. : ux\ the Ohio r., at 
the lower side of the mouth of Cumberland r., 75 m. below 
Raleigh, 205 m. W. S. W. Frankfort. It is a jdace of some 
importance, enjoying considerable trade with the interior 
of Tennessee, being a point for the re-shlpmenl of goods 
destined up the Cumln'rland r. It contains a bank, several 
manufactories, a boat-yard, etc. 

SMiTUL.'i.ND, p. o., Cass county, Tex.: 2S5 miles N. E. 
Austin City. 

Smitiiland, p. v., Randolph co., 2Io.: 50 ra. N. N. W. 
JcflL-rson City. 

S.MiTiironT, p. v., and cap. M'Kean co., Venn. : on the 
"W. side of Potato cr., 133 m. N. W. Harrisburg. It con- 
tains the court-house, jail, and other public buildings built 
of brick, an academy, several mills, etc. 

Smith's, p. o,, Gallia co., Ohio: S4 m. S. E. Columbus. 

Smith's islau*!, Somerset co., J/"'/. .• a long, narrow island, 
extending from Fog's Point, or Craig's Strait, n'-arly to 
Tangier Island. Less than oue-balf tbo island is within 
the limits of Maryland. 

S.mith"s island. New Hanover co., 2^. Car. ; is located at 
the mouth of Cape Fear r. Cape Fear is ou tho S. ex- 
tremity of the island, and a lighthouse .'Stands on Ihe W. 
side, ovtrlooking the channel. Lat. 35° 4S' N., and long. 
7S^ 9' W. 

Smith's point, Yirg, : the eastern extremity of Northum- 
berland CO., extending into Chesapeake bay. 

Smith's Basin, p. v. and sta., "Wasbingloij co., jV. )'. .' on 
Wood cr. and on the Saratoga and WashingUm R. R. and 
Champlain Canal. 05 ni. by railroad and 57 m. l)y canal, 
N. by E. Albany. 

SMiTHSBORoitnir, p. v., Tioga co., y. Y. : on the N. side 
of the Susquehanna r. and on Ihe New y<)rk and Frie R. R., 
24(1 ni. N. W. New York and 14*1 m. (dirret) froin Albany. 
It is a prettily .situated village, 10 m. beyond Owego, at 
which point a bridge crosses the Susquehanna. 

SMiTneiiLTP.fj. p. v., "Washington co., 3fd. : in the midst of 
a fine agricultural district, 72 m. N. W. AnnaiioHs. In 1S50 
it contained 3f.G inhabitants— 34S white and is free color^Ml. 

Smith's Ckoss Roads, p. o,, Rhea co., 'J'e/i)}. : on W. stde 
of Tennessee r., 103 ni. S. E. Nashville. 

Smith's Ckoss Roads, p. o., Morgan co., Tirg.: 141 m. 
N. N. W. Richmond. 

Smith's Fekbt, p. o., Beaver co., Penn. : 179 ni. W. N. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Smith's Fep.et, t. and sta., TTampshiro co., jl/i/As. .* on the 
right bank of Ihe Connecticut r. and on (lie Connecticut 
River R.R.. 12 m. N. Springfiebi and SI m. W.byS. Boston. 

Smith's Fohd, p. v., York dist., S. Car. : on the left bank 
of Broad r., 67 m. N. by W. (\)luinbia. 

Smith's Fobk, p. o-, Hardin county, Ttnin. .- 97 m. S. W. 
Nashville. 

Smith's Gap, p. o., ITanipshire co., Vinj. : 145 m. X. N.W, 
Richuiond. 

Smiih's Gkote, p. o., Warren county, K'j, : 61 ra. S. E, 
Nashville. 

Smith's Geove, p. v., Davie co,, N. Car.: 102 m. W. 
Raleigh. 

Smith's Mili5, p. o., Henderson co., Ay. ; 97 m. S. "W. 
Nashville. 

793 



SMI 



SNO 



Smftu's Mills, p. v. and sta., Chautauque co., iVI K : on 
Silver or. and on tlie New York and Krie E. K., 12^ m. E. 
Dunkirk, -147^ m. N. W. by W. New York and 2S4 m. W. 
Albany. The v. is surrounded by a highly cultivated (arm- 
ing dislrict. 

Smith's Mills, p. v., Carroll co., Miss, : on a branch of 
Yallabusha r., 95 m. N. Jackson. 

Smith's Mills, p. o., Morrow county, Ohio : 42 m. N. 
Columbus. 

Smitii'-s Mills, p. v., Clearfield co., Penn. : on a branch 
of Clearfield cr., 85 m. W. N. W. Harrisburg. Limestone 
is found in the vicinity. 

Smith's Store, p. v., Spartanbur* dist., S. Car. ; on a 
branch of Tiger r., (39 m. N. AY, Columbia. 

Smitutown, t and p. v., Suffolk co., K Y. : bordering on 
Long Island Sound, 12S m. S. S. K. Albany. Drained by 
Ncsaquake r., affording good water-power. Surface in 
most part level ; soil inferior. The v. is at the head of boat 
navigation on the Nesaquake r., and contains besides a 
number of stores and mechanic shops, a factory for the 
manufacture of woolen goods, etc. A bay so called makes 
up from ihe sound into the t., and affords good anchorage 
for vessels during easterly storms. It aboimds with a vari- 
ety of fish and wild fowL Pop. of L 1,97-2. 

Smithtuwn BuANcn, p. o., Suffolk co., JV: Y. ; 131 m. 
6. S. E. Albany. 

Smituville, p. v., and cap. Lawrence co., Ark. : on the 
left bank of Strawberry r.. 105 m. N. N. E. Little Eock. It 
contains a court-house, jail, etc. 

Smituville. p. v., Monroe co., 3fiss. : on a small stream 
flowing W. into Tombigbee r., IGl m. N. E. Jackson. 

Smituville, p. v., Peoria co., JIL : at the head of Copperas 
cr., 58 m. N. Springfield. 

Smithville, p. v., Clay co., Mb. : on Smith's fork of Little 
Platte r., 13S m. W. N, W. Jefferson City. 

Smithville, p. v., Jefferson co., A^. Y. : on a branch of 
the Watertown and Kume R. K., 5 m. S. Sackett's Harbor 
and 150 m. N. W. Albany. It contains a carriage manu- 
factory, several mills, etc. 

Smituville, p. v., and cap. Brunswick eo., A'! Oar. : on 
the W. side of Cape Fear r., near its mouth, and opposite 
Smith's Island. It has a good harbor, and contains a court- 
house, jail, and hospital. It is the seat of an acailemy, and 
is a U. S. mililary post. Pop. 1,404. 

Smituville, p. v., Wayne co., Ohio: on a branch of Tus- 
carawas r., S3 m, N. E. Columbus. 

Smituville, p. o., Lancaster county, /*ert». ; 33 m. S. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Smithville, p. v.» Abbeville dist., S. Car. : on "W. side 
of Long Cane cr., 75 m. W. Columbia. The Abbeville 
Branch of Greenville and Columbia E. E. passes through 
this place. 

Smithville, p. v., and cap. Be Kalb co., Tenn. : 53 m. 
E. by S. Nashville, and contains the court-house, jail, etc. 

Smititville, p. o., Powhatan county, Virg.: 21 m. "W. 
Eiehmond. 

Smithville, p. v., "Worcester Co., dfa^s. 

Smituville, t., Chenango co.. A/! Y.: 106 m. "W. by S. 
Albany. Drained by tributaries of Chenango r. Surface 
undulating ; soil fertile. It has good water-power and sev- 
eral mill-seats. Pop. 1,771. 

Smituville Flats, p. v., Chenango co.. A''. Y. : on the 
E. side of Geneganslette cr., 109 ra. W. by S. Albany. It 
contains manufactories of scythes, axes, rakes, pails, and 
leather, also several mills, workshops, etc. 

Smoky Hollow, p. o,, Columbia co., A'". Y. : a small man- 
ufacturing place, 32 m. S. by E. Albany. It contains a 
manufactory of woolen goods, machine shops, etc. 

Smoky OaDiNAnT, p. o., Brunswick co., Virg.: 5S m. 
6. by W. Eiehmond. 

Smut Eye, p. o., Coffee county, Ala. : 81 m. S. by E. 
Montgomery. 

Smyiina, p. v., Kent co., Del. : on the S. side of Duck cr. 
794 



It is a pleasant place, and contains stores of various kinds, 
shops, printing-ofllL-es, etc. The " Del-aware Herald," and 
"■ Smyrna Telegraph," are weekly issues. 

Smyrna, p, o., Ionia county, Mich. : about SO m. N. W. 
Lansing. 

Smyena, t. and p. o., Aroostook co., Me. : 157 m. N. E. 
Augusta. Drained by the head waters of the Mallaniaun- 
keag r., and branch of the Meduxnekeag r. Pop. 172. 

Smy^una, t. and p. v., Chenango co., A^. Y.: 97 m. W. 
Albany. Drained by small streams, tributaries of Chenango 
r., from which water-power is derived. Surface broken and 
hilly ; soil fertile. Settled in 1792. The manufactures con- 
sist in woolen goods, lumber, leather, flour, oil, etc. The v. 
is on a smaU stream, has good water-power, and contains 
several mills, workshujis, etc. Pop. of 1. 1,940. 

Sm\tixa, p. 0., Barnwell district, ^S". Car. : 57 m. S. 
Columbia. 

Smyena, sta., Eutherford co,, Tenn.: on the Nashville 
and Chattanooga E. E., 21 m. S, Nashville. 

Smyena, p. 0., Harrison co., Ohio: 90 m. E. by N. 
Columbus. 

Smysee's, sta., York co., Penn. : on Codorus cr. of Susque- 
hanna r., and on the Baltimore and Susqu<;hanna E. E., at 
its junction with the Hanover Branch E. E., 30 miles S. 
Harrisburg. 

Smyth county, Virg. Situate S. "W., and contains 51G 
sq. m. Drained by head branches of Ilolston river and 
New river. Surface broken and mountainous ; soil on the 
banks of the streams fertile. Chief products wheat and 
Indian corn. Farms 460; manuf. 22; dwell. 1,146, and 
pop.— wh. 6,901, fr. col. 197, si. 1,0(U— total 8,162. Capital: 
Marion. Public Worlcs ; Virginia and Tennessee E. E. 

Snake island, Al Y. : lies in the Niagara r., 4 m. below 
Black Eock. It consists of 50 acres of grass land. 

Snake Bars, v.. Sierra co., Calif. : 137 m. N. E. Vallejo. 

Snapping Shoals, p. o., Newton co., Ga. : 59 m. N. W. 
Milledgeville. 

Sneed's Ferey, p. 0., Onslow co., N. Car.: 97 m. S. E. 
Columbia. 

Sneedsville, p. o., Hancock co., Tenn.: 192 m. E. byN. 
Nashville. 

Snibae, p. v., Lafayette county, 3fo. : 105 m. "W. N. 'W. 
Jefferson City. 

Snickersville, p. v., Loudon co., Virg.: near Snicker's 
Gap, of the Blue Eidge Mountains, lOS m. N. by ^V. Eieh- 
mond. It is a small place, with about 135 or 140 inhabitants. 

Snider's, p. 0., Washington county, Ky. : 33 m. S. by W. 
Frankfort. 

Snow Camp, p. o., Orange co., N'. Car. : 37 m. N. W. 
Ealcigh. 

Snow Creek, p. o., Iredell co., N, Car.: on a stream so 
called, 123 m. W. Ealeigh, 

Snow Creek, p. o., Pickens disL, S. Car. : 121 m. N. "W. 
Columbia. 

Snow Creek, p. o., Marshall co., Miss. : 175 m. N. by E. 
Jackson. 

Snow Ceeek, p. v., Franklin co., Virg. : on a stream so 
called, 130 m. "W. S. W. Eiehmond. 

Snow Falls, p. o., Oxford co., Ms. : 45 nL "W. Augusta. 

Snow Hill, p. v., Wilcox co., Ala. : on the left side of 
Cedar cr.,43 ra. S. W. Montgomer>-. 

Snow Hill, p. c, Hamilton co., Tenn. : lOS m. S. E. 
Nashville, 

Snow Hill, p. v., Walker co., Ga. : on one of the head 
branches of Tennessee r., 1S2 m. N. W. Milledgeville. 

Snow Hill, p. v., cap., and port of entry, Worcester ro., 
Md.: on llie E. bank of Tomoke r., 25 m. above its con- 
fluence with the bay of the same name, SI m. S. E. Annap- 
olis. It contains a court-house, jail, an academy, and other 
public buildings. The total enrolled and licensed tonnage 
of the district in June, 1S50, was 9,512 tons, 225 tons of 
which are vessels under 20 tons burthen ; and of the whole 
tonnage 2S5 tons arc employed in the coasting trade. The 



sxo 



SOL 



total number of vessels built durius: the year ending June, 
1S50, was 26 schooners, 990 tons. The " "NVorcesler Shield" 
is a weekly (whij) issue. Pop. 714. 

Snow Hill, p. v., Clinton county, Ohio: D3 m. S. S. W. 
CoUunbus. 

Snow Hill, p. v., and cap. Greene co., N. Car. : on S. 
side of CoutL'ninea cr., branch of Neuse r., 6'2 m. E. S. E. 
EalL'ii;li. It contains a court-house, jail, and the usual num- 
ber of county buildings. 

Snow SnoE, t. and p. v., Centre co., Penn. : 80 m. N. W. 
Harrisknrg. Drained by tributaries of Beach and Bald 
Eagle crei'ks, which furnish good water-power. Surface 
mounlainoiis; the main ridge of the Alleghanies passing 
through IIiL' S. p:irl. The v. is on a braueli of Ceach creek, 
and contains several mechanic shops, mills, etc. 

Snow's Store, p. v., Windsor co., Verm. : on a branch of 
White r., 39 m. S. Montpelier. 

Snowsville, p. o., Choctaw co., il/7^^?. ; at the source of 
Tochainockiiuy cr., 39 m. N. N. E. Jackson. 

Snyhehsville, p. v., Monroe co., Pe7ni. : 93 m. N. E. 
Uarrisburg. 

Sntdertowt*, p. v., Northumberland co., Penn. : 55 m. 
N. Harrisburg. 

Soap Creek, p. c, Davis county, la. : 73 m. S. W- Iowa 
City. 

SoccopATOT, p. v., Coosa county, Aht. : on a tributary of 
Coosa r., 45 m. N. by E. Monlgonifry. 

Social Ciucle, p. v., Walton county, Ga. : on the Georgia 
K. li., 120 m. W. by N. Augusta, and 52 N. N. W. 
Milledgeville. 

Sociality, p. o., Cattaraugus co., X. Y.: on a tributary 
of Cotniewaiigo or., 27(5 m. W. by S. Albany. 

Society Hill, p. v., Matvjn co., Alit. : on Ufaupee cr. of 
Tallapoosa r., 53 in. E. Montgoini-ry. 

Society Hill, p. v.. Darlingion dist., S. Car, : near Great 
Pedee r., and on the Chcraw and Darlington K. 11.^ 73 m. 
N. E. C.lumbia. 

Socorro, p. v., Socorro co., J\1 Mej\ : on the right bank 
of the Eio Grande del Norte, lu5 miles S. from Sauta i''6. 
There is an old Spanish fort in the village. 

Sonus, t and p. v., Wayne county, X. Y.: 27 miles S. W. 
Oswego, and 176 W. N. W. Albany. Lake Ontario bounds 
It on the N. Drained by Salmon and other creeks flowing 
into Sodus bay and Lake Ontario. The surface has a gentle 
deeliuatiou toward the lake; soil fertile, and much grain 
aud grass is raised. Sodus bay makes up into the town,and 
is the best harbor on the lake shore. The v. is on the ridge 
road 5 miles S. of the lake, and has several meehauic shops, 
stores, etc. Tlie t, contains a number of manufactories, 
mills, etc. The manufactures are chiefly flour, lumber, and 
leather. Pop. of t, 4.59S. 

SiiDL'S bay, Wayne county, X. Y. : this bay makes up 
from Lal;e Ontario, about 3(1 miles W. from Oswego, and 
30 E. from Kochcsler. It is a lillle more than 5 m. long, 
and from one and a half to tliree broad, conUiining an area 
exceeding 12 square miles. The entrance to it on the lake 
is protected by substantial piers, built by the United States 
government, of more than a mile in lengtli, aud is easily 
accessible at all times to larger vessels than are engaged in 
the commerce of the lakes. A revolving light and beacon 
are maintained at the jniblic expense ; heiglit of lantern GO 
feel ; laL 4.'P 19' N. The bay is completely land-looked, so 
as to be protected from every wind, bolli from the lake and 
the shore. Its borders are high and salubrious. The aver- 
age depth of the waters exceed 4'i feet, and it is pronounced 
to be far the best harbor on any of ihe great lakes, an<l 
equal to any on this continent. It is sometimes called 
Great Sodus Bay. 

SoDirs Centre, p. o., Wayne co., X. Y : 179 m- W. N. W. 
Albany. 

Soms Point, p. v., and port of entry. Wayne co., X. Y. : 
at the 1 11 trance of Sodus bay into Lake Ontario, 25 miles 
6. W. Oswego, and 176 W. N. W. Albany (direct), and 225 



by canal. Although at present but a comparatively small 
place, it is destined soon to become one of much im]>orl- 
ance. The Sodus canal, undergoing rapid completion, will 
connect it with the great channel of internal eomnumioa- 
tion. the Erie Canal, and with other internal iniprovemeiiis. 
It is a Iribuiary of the Erie Canal, and will be the means of 
bringing'a large business into that i)ortion of it which li<!S 
between the junction at Clyde and Albany. It is also a 
tributary to the (.'ayuga aud Seneca canals, connecting the 
Cayuga and Seneca lakes with the Erie Canal. Tlie Sodus 
Canal is of tlie same capacity as the enlarged Erie Canal, 70 
feet width by 7 feet deptli, with corresponding locks. It 
will easily admit vessels of 200 tons, wliieh will pass from 
the Welland Canal and the ports of Lake Ontario through to 
Albany or to Hhaca without breaking buik. A railroad 
connects the v. with the Kocliester and Syracuse K. R. 
(direct line), and the Sodus Point and Southern K- li. coii- 
necLs it with the New York and Krio K. R. at Elmira. This 
will eventually be the great coal dep6t on the lake, ami the 
railroad will bo the main channel of cmveyance from the 
Pennsylvania mines. The building of wharves, etc, is in 
contemplation, which will much improve the harbor and 
facilitate the trade. 

Solano county, Ca!//. Situate centrally, with its base 
resting on Suisson bay and Sacramento r., and contains 
ab(jut SOij sii- m. Putah r. makes its N. E., and Snscol Hills 
the S. W. boundary. The Putah rises in the mountains, 
winds througli a rich, lovely, and fertile plain, and loses 
itself in the extensive " tules'' which He between the plains 
and the Sacramento. The western part of llie county is 
mountainous, with many small valleys, well adapted to 
stock-raising. At Ihe head of Green Valley is a conspicu- 
ous double peak, and another of lesser magnitude, between 
Green and Suscol valleys. Suscol Valley lies W. of Suscol 
Hills, running N. from the city of Tallejo, and is 8 in. long 
and 3 m. in width, Napa bay washing its whole length. 
This is a desirable farming region, and is noted for its lux- 
uriant growth of wild oais. Sulphur Spring Valley runs up 
from Suisson bay, 2 m. N. of Benicia, winds through the 
Suscol Hills 5 or 6 m., and has a width of from KiO to 400 
yards ; soil rich and well watered. Green Valley lies E. of 
Suscol Hills, and is about 6 m. long and from 1 to 2 m. wide ; 
a largo portion i.^ always green — hence its name. Suisson 
Valley lies N. of Suisson bay, and is easily accessible by the 
Suisson r., which runs through its centre; it opens out oii 
the E. into the Sacramento Valley. Soil exceedingly fer- 
tile, and much cultivated. TJIattis Valley lies farther to the 
N. E. and is 5 in. long and IJ wide, runs N. W. between 
two hills, and opens out into the Sacramento Valley, which 
last extends as far as the eye can reach, and is covere'l with 
wild oats, and is not liable to inundation. North of Vallejo, 
four miles, there is a large soda spring running from Suscol 
Valley to Napa bay; and 3 m. E. of this there is anotiier, 
which, winding through low hills, and passing lhroui;h the 
same valley, empties into the same bay. A suljjhur siiring, 
of warm temperature, about 3 m. N. Benicia. gives name to 
the valley through which it passes. Mining is in this county 
only a secondary industry ; its great and most valuable in- 
terest is agrieuUure. for which its climate and soil is pecu- 
liarly adapted. Orchards and vineyards are seen in several 
parts, and the productions of 5,949 acres under cultivation 
in IS52 were very large. Capital employed in quartz mining. 
$S.000; in other mining operations, $24,000 ; and for other 
purposes. $110,900. Pop. at the date specified 2.S3o— wliilea 
2,726— males 2.324. and females 402 ; negroes 2S— males 26, 
and fem.ales 2 ; nndattoes, 25 males; Indians 46— males 31, 
and females 15 : and foreign residents S91— m.ales 790, and 
females lol ; citizens of United States over 21 years of age, 
1.295. CajjtUil: Vallejo or Benicia. PuUic Workn : Be- 
nicia and Marysville li. P. 

Solemn (Jkove. p. v., Moore co.,iV. Car.: S. side James' 
creek. 53 m. S. S. W. Raleigh. 

SoLiuAP mi.ssion, Monterey county, Calif.: 19 m. S, E. 

795 



SOL 



SOM 



Monterey, and 111 m. S. S. E. Yallpjo. It is located in a 
rich and fertile valley, and is celebrated Ibr its fine vine- 
yards. The lands are owned by private individuals. 

Solon, p. v., Johnson co., 7a. : on a branch of the Iowa 
river, 11 m. N. Iowa City. 

Solon, t. and p. v.. Somerset co., 3fe. : on the E. side of 
Kennebec r., 45 m. N. Augusta. Drained by small streams, 
tributaries of the Kennebec. It has a con8ideral>le pond in 
the N. E. part. Soil fc^rtile, and well adapted to gent-ral 
farming. The v. is pleasantly located on the Kennebec r., 
and has some manufactures. Pop. of 1. 1,419. 

Solon, t. and p. v., Cortlandt county, J\^. V. ; 116 m. W. 
Albany. Drained byOlselicr. and branches of Tioughnlogra 
river. Surface undulating; soil of good quality, adapted to 
grazing. The v. is on a branch of Tioughnioga r., and has 
some manufactures. Pop. of 1. 1,150. 

Solon, t. and p. v., Cuyahoga county, Ohio: 122 m. N.K. 
Columbus. Drained by Chagrin r. and its branches, and 
by Tinker cr., on the former of which there are a number 
of falls wliich afford extensive water-power. Surface level ; 
soil of the highest fertility, producing grains in abundance 
and excellent grass. The v. Is centrally situate. The t. 
contains several manufactories. Pop. 1,083. 

Solon Mills, p. v., M'llenry county, III. : on S. side of 
Nipasink cr., 4 m. S. of N. boundary of the State, and 193 m. 
N. E. Springfield. 

SoLSviLLE, p. o., Madison co., 2^. T.: 96 m. "W. by N. 
Albany. 

SoMEP.FiELD, p. v., Somerset co., Penn. : on the E. bank 
of Voughioght-ny r., 133 m. W. S. W. Ilarrisburg. 

SoMERS, t and p. v., Tolland county. Conn. : 20 m. N. E. 
Hartford. Drained by Scantic r. Surface on the W. level 
and fertile ; on the E. elevated and mountainous, with good 
pasturage for sheep. The v. is located on one of the head 
branches of Scantic river, and contains a manufactory at 
wiiieh straw hats are extensively manufactured. Popula- 
tion of 1. 1,510. 

SoMERS, t. and p. v., "Westchester co., K Y. : 92 m. S. by E. 
Albany. Drained by Croton river and tributaries. Surface 
uneven, with some extensive plains ; soil adapted to grain 
and grass. The village contains a bank and 2 churches. 
Pup. of t. 1,722. 

SoMRKSET county, 3re. Situate toward the N. W. of the 
Stale, and contains 3,840 sq. m. Kennebec river having its 
risi' in Moose-head lake, flows through the co. ccntmlly. I)y 
which and its tributaries, and by Penobscot ami other fine 
streams it is draine-l. Surface varied — in some parts elevated, 
.nnd its lulls and valleys i)resent a pleasant prospect. Snil 
fertile in Ihc soulhern portions, but the K. is mostly wilder- 
ness, with numerous lakes interspersed. Chief productions, 
wheat, Indian ci>rn, and potatoes. Agriculture is the lead- 
ing pursuit. Farms S,S13; manuf. 155; dwell. 5,917, and 
pop.— wh. 85,577, fr. col. 4— total 85,531. Qipital: Nor- 
ridgewock. 

SoMEiiSET county, 3/f?. Situate toward the S. E., and con- 
tains 4S5 sq. m. Drained by Annemesic, Mannkin. and 
■Wicomico rivers, and branches of Nanticoke river, which 
fnrms its N. "W. boundary. Surface low and level, and a 
large portion is marshy. Soil, with euKivation, is fertile, 
ami the swamp, when drained, makes good pasturage. It 
contains some sulphur and mineral springs, and bods of 
bof'-iron ore. Oak, pine, ash. cedar, chestnut, and maple 
are found on Ihe land, which is in general well timbered. 
Farmsl,4S5 ; manuf. TG ; dwell. 8,\6% and pnp._wh. 13,SS5, 
fr. col. 3,4S3, si. 5,5SS— total 22,456. Capital: Princess 
Anne. 

SoMKitsFT county, N". Jer, Situate N. centrally, and con- 
tains 232 sq. m. U:iritan r. passes through it centrally, by 
which and its branches it Is drained. Surface diversified; 
soil a iino deep mold on the streams, and very pri>ductive. 
Staples, wheat and Indian com. It exports pork and sheep 
very largely. Farms 1,550; manuf. 1-37; dwell. 3,44S, and , 
pop.— wh. 17,965, ft. col. 1,696, si. 27— total 19,6SS. Capital: I 
796 , 



Somerville. PithHc WorJcs : New Jersey Central R. R. ; 
Delaware and Karitan Canal. 

Somerset county, Penn. Situate S. toward the W., and 
contains 977 sq. m. Drained by aftluents of Youghiogheny 
and Conemaugh rivers. Surface hilly, and in the N. W. is 
Laurel Hill ilountain. The Alleghany range forms its east- 
ern boundary. Soil fertile, and produces wheat and grain 
in great abundance. It has excellent pasturage, and large 
numbers of cattle and hogs are fattened annually and ex- 
ported. Farms 1,613; manuf. 83; dwell. 18,969, and pop. 
— wh. 24.317, fr. col. 99— total 24,416. Capital: Somerset. 

SuMBRSET, p. v., and cap. Pulaski county, Kij. : 73 m. 
S. byE. Frankfort. It contains a court-house, jail, county 
offices, etc. 

Somerset, t. and p. v., Bristol co., Mass, : on the "W. side 
of Taunton r., and opposite Fall River, having Mount Hope 
bay on the 8., 43 m. S. Boston. Its navigable facilities are 
excellent. It has some shipping, and ship-building is car- 
ried on. In 1S49 the imports of sperm oil amounted to 140 
barrels. The v. is located on Taunton r., and contains manu- 
factories of stone and earthen ware. Pop. of t. 1,166. 

Somerset, t. and p. c, Hillsdale county, Midi. : 43 m. S. 
Lansing. Drained by head branches of Raisin r. It con- 
tains the highest land in the State. Soil fertile, producing 
wheat, com, oats, etc. Pop. 913. 

Somerset, p. t., Monroe co.. Mo. : on tho W. side of Salt 
river, 63 m. N. JeflTerson City. 

Somerset, p. v., "Wabash co., Ind. : on the right bank of 
the Mississinewa river, on the State road, 63 m. N. by E. 
Indianapolis. 

Somerset, t. and p. v., Niagara co., N. T. : bordering on 
Lake Ontario, 31 m. N. E. Niagara City, and 256 "W. by N. 
Albany. Drained by Golden Hill cr. and other streams 
flowing into the lake. Surface even ; soil, sand and clay 
loam. It has some manufactures. The v. is on a small 
stream near the lake. Pop. of t. 2.154. 

Somerset, p. v., and cap. Perry county, Ohio: on the 
Cincinnati, Wilmington, and Zancsville K. R., 37 m. I'^. by 
S. Columbus. It contains the court-house, jail, and other 
county buildings, an academy (the St. Mary's— Cathnlic), 
.several 8tore.s, etc. The " S. Post" (whig), and '• Perry Co. 
Democrat" (dem.) are both weekly issues. Pop. 1 ,240. Tho 
Dominican Convent of St. Joseph's (Catholic) is located near 
the village. 

Somerset, t., p. b., and cap. Somerset co., Pmn. : 115 ra. 
\V. by S. Harrislmrg. Drained by Laurel Hill. Middle, ami 
Cox's creeks. Surface undulating ; soil ftrtile. It has several 
small manufactories, mills, etc The b. on Cox's cr.. was 
incorporated in 1304, and contains the court-house and jail, 
built nf stone, county offices, built of brick, an academy, a 
number of mills, etc. Two papers are issued weekly, tho 
"Herald" (whig), and the "Visitor" (dem.) Pop. 366. 

Somers Point, p. v., Atlantic co., N. Jer. : on Great Egg 
Harbor bay, 63 m. S. by E. Trenton. It is the port of entry 
for Great Egg Harbor district ; its tonnage, according to tho 
rturns of 1&50, was 14,034 tons, enrolled and licensed, and 
all engaged in the coasting trade. II has no foreign com- 
merce or ship-building. 

SoMERSviLLE, p. 0., Tolland co., Conn. : 21 m. N. E. 
Ilarifnrd. 

SoMERswoHTn, t., Strafford co.^ K. ITamp. : S2 m. E. 
Concord. Drained by small streams flowing into Salmon 
Falls r., which bounds it on the N. E. The soil is well 
adapted to all kinds of grain ; red and yellow ochre, and 
iron ore are found. This is a large manufacturing town, but 
the manufaefures are principally carried on at the village of 
Great Falls, at the head of tide-water. (S?^ Great Falls v.) 
Otis' Hill is in this town, from the summit of which tho 
White Mountains can be seen. There are two considerable 
ponds in the town. Pop. 4,945. 

SoMEiiTON, p. T., Belmont CO., Ohio: on a branch of 
Capliva cr., 97 m. E. Columbus. It contains several church- 
es, stores, tobacco factories, etc. It is located in an exten- 



SbM 



Bive tobacco region, and large quantities are cultivated in the 
immediate vicinity. Top. 192. 

So.MBP.Ton, p. o., riiUadelpliia CO., renii,: 9T m. E. S. E. 
Harrisburg. 

SoMEKTon, p. v., Nansemond co., rirg. : on the E. aide 
of Somcrion cr., 30 m. S. E. Uicluiiond. 

SoMEEviLLE, p. v., and cap. Morgan Co., Ala. : 6 in. S. 
ortlie Tennessee river, and 150 N. by W. Montgomery. It 
contains a court-house, jail, and other public buildings. 

SoMEKViLLK, t. and p. v., Middlesex co., Masi.: 3 m. W. 
of lioslon. Tliis t. was set olT from Charlestowu. and incor" 
porated in Uii. It is bounded in part by Mystic r., Miller's 
creek, and an arm of Charles river. Drained by a small 
stream called the Shawshun. Surface elevated and hilly. 
The celebrated hills, called Winter and Prospect, are com« 
prised in this town. The M'Lean Asylum for the Insane is 
located here, and the Milk I'.ow Bleaching Company have 
their extensive works in this place. The Boston and Maine 
E. R., and the Filchburg E. K. pass through the v. 10 m. 
from Heading, 33 m. from Lowell, and 47 m. from Fitchburg. 
It is a place of considerable trade. Pop. 3,5-40. 

.S.niERTiLLE, p. v., and caj). Somerset co., iV. Jer.: on 
Uie N. of liaritan river, 23 m. N. by E. Trenton. The New 
Jersey Central K. K. passes through, 26 m. from Elizabeth- 
port, anil Si from Easton. It is a neat and well-built place, 
laid out in a fertile and highly cultivated couTitry, and con- 
Uains a court-house, jail, an aca<lemy, several churches, etc. 
Copper ore is found about one and a half miles N. of the v. 
The " Somerset Messenger" (dem.) and the " Somerset 
Whig" (whig) are issued weekly. 

SoMERTn.l.B, p. 0., St Lawrence county, K r. : 153 m. 
N. W. Albany. The Kossie iron-works are in the vicinity. 
S0MEBTIU.E, p. o., Butler CO., Oliio : on a branch of the 
Miami r., and on the Cincinnati, Hamilton, and Eaton 
E. E., 90 m. W. S. W. Columbus. It contains se«-ral stores, 
workshops, etc. 

SoMERTii.t.B, p. v., and cap. Fayette co., Teim. : on the 
Loosahatchy r., 156 m. S. W. Niishville. It contains a court- 
liouse, jail, a male and female academy, and a branch of 
the bank of Tennessee is located here. Somerville College 
has been chartered here, and a building is erecting. 

SoMEEviLLE, p. V., Fauquicr CO., rirg. : on the left side 
of Cannon r., 65 m. N. by W. Uiehmond. 

SoMo.VAUK, p. v., De Kalb county, J!l.: on a cr. so called, 
137 m. N. E. Springlleld. In the vicinity are large groves 
of excellent timber, such as walnut, sugar tree, elm, 
aspen, etc. 

Sonoma county, CuJ!/. Situate W. between the Coast 
Range and the PaciBc Ocean, and contains 1,200 sq. m. 
Surface mountainous and intersected by fertile valleys, 
which run in a direction N. and S. and watered by Sonoma, 
Petaluma, Uussian, and other streams. Excejit Uussian 
r., which Hows to the Pacific above Bodega, these empty 
into Pablo bay. American r. and Pablo bay, makes the S. 
boundary of the co. The rich valleys of this co., protected 
from the winds, arc the seats of great agricultural operations, 
and supply to San Francisco a large share of vegetable 
products fiund in its markets. In 1S.52, there were 
9,3St acres of land under cultivation, which produced grain 
and green crops in abundance. The stock of live animals 
is comparatively large, and feeds on the native grasses, 
which are highly nutritious. Value of town lots, .^101,662 : 
of farming implements. $50,472; of merchandise, ?29,7C0; 
and of land, etc., $47,665. There was in tlie co., 5 threshing 
machines, 6 blacksmith's shops, a tan-yard, 21 carriages, and 
218 wagons. It is not a mining county. Pop. at the date 
noted 2,337: whites 1,872— males 1,369, an<l females 513; 
negroes 6— males 4, and females 1 ; mulattocs 7— males 5, 
and females 2 ; Indians 276— males 223, .ind females 153 ; 
and foreign residents IIS— males 85, and females 29. Over 
21 years of age— citizens of United States 851, negroes 4, 
nnil'altoes 7, Indians 132, and foreign residents 79. Cuj/itul : 
Sonoma. 



SOTT 

»o:ioMA, p. v., and cap. Sonoma co., Calif. : on the Vf, 
side of Sonoma cr., 8 miles distant, and in the valley so 
called, 3 m. N.W. Vallejo. This is an excellent agricultural 
place, the land being good, the country healthy, and never 
very cold in winter— snow being seen only in the highest 
mountains. This part of the country contains the best 
griizing land, many places being covered with clover and 
Willi wihl oats. It is the oldest town in the north side of 
the San P.ahlo bay, ami now has the remains of what was 
once a nourishing mission. Its importance will depend 
upon the aiipropriation of the rich agricultural resources 
which the valley possesses. There is a fort located here, 
and it is iilso a United States military post. The residence 
of General Vallejo is in the village. Pop. COO. 

SosoMA, p. v., and cap. Tuolumne county, Culif. : on the 
head waters of Tuohmiiic r., 56 m. E. by S. Stockton, and 
111 m. Vallejo. It is located in the mountains, and is sur- 
rounded by an excellent agricultural country. There are 
mines in its vicinity. 

Soov's Inn, p. o., Burlington CO., 2f. Jer.: a small mill- 
seat on the left bank of Little Egg Harbor r., 41 m. S. E. 
Trenton. 

SopcuoppT, p. v., Wakulla co., Fliv: : on the left bank of 
the Ocklocking r., at the moulh of Seckehooho cr., 31 m. 
S. S. W. Tallahassee. 
SoEiiy, p. 0., Wayne Co., 7"fH>i. .■ 79 m. 8. W. Nashville. 
SoKiiEU. HoKSE, p. 0., Montgomery Co., Perm. : 19 m. E. 
Harrisburg. 

SorcHAiiATcnEE, p. o., Tallapoosa county, Ala.: on 
the r. so called, branch of the Tallapoosa, 33 m. E. N. E. 
Montgoiuery. 

South AmsoTo.f, p. T. and sta., Plymouth co., Mass. : 
on the Old Colony E. P.., 21 m. S. Boston ; and the Bridge- 
water Br. E. E. verges from here, 7 m. N. E. Abington. 

SotjTn Acton, t. and sta., Middlesex Co., Mass. : on the 
Filchburg E. E., 25 m. N. W. by W. Boston. 

Soimi Acwoaiii, ]>■ o., Sullivan county, K Hump.: ou 
Cold r., 36 m. W. Concord. 

South Adams, v. and sta., Berkshire CO., J/t/ss. .• on the 
Pitlsfleld and North Adams E. E., 14 m. Pittsfleld, and 
1U9 m. N. W. by W. Boston. 

South Alabama, p. o., Genesee county, K. T. : 249 ro. 
•W. by N. Albany. 

SoUTU Albion, p. 0., Kennebec co., iff. : 93 m. N. E. 
Augusta. 

South Albiob, p. o., Calhoun Co., JUkh. : 39 m. S. by W. 
Lansing. 

South Aleion, p. o., Oswego Co., N. i'. : 134 m. W. N. W. 
Albany. 

South Alben, p. o., Erie county, N. Y.: 252 m. W. 
Albany. 

South Alten, p. o., Belknap Co., iV. Hiimp. : near the 
line of the Coeheco E. E., 21 m. N. E. Concord. 

South Amcov, p. c, Middlesex co., Mass. : 20 m. N. W. 
Boston. 

South Ambot, L and sta., Middlesex co., N. Jer. : on S. 
side of Earitan bay. 2S m. N. E. Trenton. The Camden and 
Araboy E. E. terminates at the moulh of Earitan river, C3 in. 
from Philadelphia, and is connceled by the coin].:iny's 
steamboats with New York, 27 m. Here is a good harbor. 
In the vicinity is a large manufactory of stone-ware from 
excellent clay, which ishere abundant. There are also in 
the t. several stores and mills. 
SouTU Amenia, p. o.. Duchess CO., Jf. T. : 64 m. S. by E. 

South Amheest, p. o., Hampshire co., 3Iass. : .4 m. W. 

Boston. 

SotTTHAMTTON counly. rirg. Situate S. E., and contains 
614 sq. m. Draineil by Notlaway r. and its branches. Sur- 
face level ; soil fertile, adapted to grain and grazing. Chief 
products, Indian corn, cotton, and tobacco. Farms 722; 
m.anuf. 6: dwell. 1.572, and pop.— wh. 5,071, fr. col. 1,795, 
si 5.755— tottil 1.3,521. Capital: Jerusalem. 

797 



sou 



sou 



SoTTTHAMPTON, t. atid p. V., Hiimpsliire co., Mass. : ST m. 
W. Boston. "Watered by Manham r., which passes twice 
through the t., flowing S. E. and N. E., and affords good 
water-power. In the N. part is a lead mine, to which a 
subterraneous passage 900 feet long has been cut, mostly 
through solid rock. The t. contains several mills of various 
kinds, and a tannery. The v. at the centre contains a church, 
academy, etc. The extension of the New Haven and 
Northampton E. K. on the line of the old canal, will pass 
through the t. Pop. of 1. 1,060. 

SouTirAMPTON, p. 0., Peoria county, lU.: 7-3 m. N. 
Springfleld. 

Southampton, t, and p. v., Suffolk co., 2^. Y. : on S. side 
of E. extremity of Long Island, between Great and Little 
Pcconic bays and the Atlantic Ocean, 142 m. S. S.E.Albany. 
Surface level ; soil light sandy loam. The v. on the S. shore, 
contains a church, academy, 3 wind-miJls, with several 
taverns, stores, etc. Sag Harbor, in N. E. corner of the t., 
is its principal place, besides which are several small settle- 
ments. Pop. of t 0,501. 

SouTHAirPTON, t and p. o., Somerset co., Penti. : 105 m. 
W. S. W. llarrisburg. Drained by 'Wills cr. and tributaries. 
Surface mountainous; soil adapted to grain and grazing. 
It contains several small manufactures. 

South Andoveb, p. o., Oxford co., JJIe. : 51 m. W. N. TV. 
Augusta. 

South Anna, p. o., Louisa county, Yirg. : 45 m. N. "W. 
Richmond. 

South Argtle, p. o., Washington county, i\r. K; 40 m. 
N. by E. Albany, 

South Ashbuenham. v. and sla.. "Worcester co., Mass.: 
at the junction of the Cheshire R. R with the Vermont and 
J[assachusetts R. R., 13 m. W. Filchburg and 49 m.W. N.W. 
Boston. 

South Assyria, p. o., Barry county, 2rich. : 35 m. S. W. 
Lansing. 

South Attleborough, p. v., Bristol co., Mass. : 34 m. 
S. S. W. Boston. 

South Auburn', p. o., Susquehanna co., Penn, ; 103 m. 
N. N. E. Ilarriaburg. 

South Avon, p. o., Livingston coimty, 2^. Y.: 214 m. 
W. by N. Albany. 

South BirNBRmGE, p. v., Chenango co., N. Y, : on both 
sides of Susquehanna r., 9S m. W. S. W. Albany. It con- 
tains a few stores and mills, and 2 churches. 

South Barre, p. y., Orleans co., A'! Y. : 234 m. W. by N. 
Albany. 

South Baeee, p. t., Washington co., Verm. : 8 m. S. S. E. 
Montpcdier. 

SouTn Bellingham, p. v., Norfolk county, Mass. : 29 m, 
S. W. Boston. The Norfolk County E. E. passes near it 

South Bend, p. v., Arkansas county, Arl\: on the right 
bank of Ihe Arkansas r., 6S m. S. E. Little Rock. 

South Bext>, p. o., Armstrong coimty, Peim. 137 ro. 
W. by N. Harrisburg. 

South Bend, p. o., Lawrence co., dfo. : 132 m. S. W. 
Jefferson Ciiy. 

South Bend, p. v., and cap. St. Joseph co., Ind. : on the 
south bend of the St. Joseph's r., from which it derives its 
name, 129 m. N. Indianapolis. Its location is on a high 
bank. The settlement commenced in 1S31, previous to 
which it had been an Indian trading post. L. M. Taylor 
and A. Coquillard were among the first setders. The pub- 
lic buildings consist of a court-liouse, jail, 4 churches, a 
county seminary, and a branch of the Slate bank, all built 
of brick. There are also 2 mills capable of making 150 bbls. 
of flour each per day, 1 woolen factory, 1 oil mill that man- 
ufactures 80 gallons a day, establishments for building thresh- 
ing macliines, several saw-mills, an edge-tool factory, ma- 
chine sliopg, an establishment for making pegs, lasts, veneer- 
ing, lath, etc., all propelled by water-power created by a 
dam in the SL Joseph r. The village is improving rapidly. 
It is connected with Chicago by the Michigan Southern, 
793 



and Northern Indiana R. K., distant from Chii-ago 53 m. 
E. by S., which, with its fine situation, excellent water- 
power, etc., gives assurance that it will soon rank with the 
largest town in northern Indiana. The " St. Jost-iih Valley 
Regiiter" is a weekly (whig) issue. There are in the vil- 
lage over 300 bouses and about 1,600 inhabitants. 

South Beene, p. o., Albany co., JVl y. ; 21 m. W. by S. 
Albany. 

South BEEW^CK, t, and p. v., York co., Me. : on the S. E. 
side of Salmon Falls, 95 m. S. W. Augusta. Drained by a 
branch of the Piscataqua r., which bounds it on the W. 
The falls on the river supplies the town with immense hy- 
draulic power, and it has extensive manufactories of cotton 
and woolen goods, leather, etc. The " Great Works" Man- 
ufacturing Company, located here, was incorporated in 
1S37. The village is located on the navigable waters of 
Piscataqua r. It contains a bank, and is a place of consid- 
erable trade. The Portland, Saco, and Portsmouth R. K. 
passes through, and the Boston and Maine R. R. connects 
at the village, 13 m. from Portsmouth and 33 m. from Port- 
land. Pop. of t. 2,592. 

Soura Bloomfield, p. v., Pickaway co., Ohio: 1 m. E. 
of the Scioto r. and on the Ohio Canal, 81 m. N. Portamouth, 
and IS m, S. Columbus. 

South Bloomfield, p. o., Somerset co., Me. : 30 m. 11. 
Augusta. 

South BOROUGH, t., p. v., and sta., Worcester co., Mass. : 
27 m. W. by S. Boston. Drained by a branch of Sudbury r. 
Surface undulating; soil rich, and well cultivated. It has 
some light manufactures, but it is chiefly a farming tofl-n. 
The V. is located N. of the Boston and Worcester R. R., on 
which is the sta., 17 m. E. Worcester. Pop. of t. 1,347. 

South Boston, p. o., Ionia co., Mic?i. : 39 m. W. by N. 
Lansing. 

South Boston, p. o., Washington co., Ind. : on a fork 
of Great Blue r., SO m. 8. by E. Indianapolis. 

South Bbadfoed, p. v., Merrimac co., A^ Samp.: 30 ni. 
W. Concord. 

South Brapfoed, p. o., Orange co., Verm. : 37 m. S. E. 
Monlpelier. 

South Bradford, p. o., Steuben county, JiT. Y. : 176 m. 
W. by S. Albany. 

South Beainteee, p. v. .and sta., Norfolk co., Mass.: at 
the junction of the Old Colony and Fall River railroads, 
43 ra. N. by E. Fall River and 11 m. S. Boston. 

Soutubridge, sta., Niagara co., N. Y. : on the Rochester, 
Lockport, and Niagara Falls R. R., 9 m. N. Buffalo and 
276 m. W. by N. Albany. 

SouTHBRiDGE, t. and p. v., Worcester co., Mass.: 56 m. 
S. W. Boston. Drained by the Quinnebaug r. and branches, 
affording good water-power. Surface uneven and hilly ; 
soil adapted to fruit, grain, etc. It has several manufacto- 
ries of cotton and woolen goods, among which are ihose of 
the *' Central Manufacturing Company,'' at which are man- 
ufactured 1,500,000 yards of sheetings per annum. The v. 
is on the right bank of Quinnebaug r., and contains a bank, 
several churches, etc. Pop. of t. 2,S"24. 

South Bridgeton, p. v., Cumberland co., Me.: 56 m. 
S. W. Augusta. 

South Brtstol, t. and p. v., Ontario co., K. K .* on the 
W. side f»f Canandaigua lake, 11>2 m. W. Albany. Drained 
by small streams flowing into Canandaigua lake. Surface 
uneven; soil of moderate fertility. It contains some light 
manufactures. The v. is on Mud cr. Pop. of t, 1,130. 

South Bristol, p. o., Racine co., Wise. : 75 m. E. S. E. 
Madison. 

South Britain, p. v„ New Haven co., Cmn.: on Pom- 
pesaug river, 36 m. S. W. Hartford. It is a flourishing and 
neat place, and contains several manufactories of carpels, 
hats, etc. 

South Beookfield, p. o., Madison co., 2^. Y. : 84 m. W. 
Albany. 

South Bbukbwick, t. and p. o., Middlesex co., 2i^. Jer.: 



15 miles K. E. Trenton. MUlslone r,>e nns he^.. W_ 

boundary. Drained by ^^^.^-^^^'X^f'^Z' a e in the 
Laurence's branch of Kar. an r ^ -' U '^ ^^^^,,^ „„, 

N. W. P-t. °f -;^^^ f chiefly a'agrieu'itural to«n, and 
weU euluvaled. Tliis 'y.*^,'™[ ^ ;„j ^ew Brunswiclc 
rK~:r:rJ-.P^t-heU,«n. Populauon 

nt..rB..v, t. and p. -New Haven co .^..^ on the 

r:j:l:::n"Tr;o^i..son.n.n„.etor,es,and 

coal has been discovered. I'-p. " '• !f ' ^, j^,^,, I, w. 

SorTH BcTLEE, p. o-.-SV ayue co., JV . i . . id- m. i 
Albany. 



SOtJ 

^rSr«ro.,Ge:esee=eo.,i^.r..-...-W.hyN. 

^::^„C^t.o,p.o.,Greeneco«n.y,XK:29,nS.byW. 

^s:;v™C«,--.,p.o..E-x county, nn«.. TO m.«.E. 

Monlpeller t i,cl,nel.l co., Conf.: on Hollen- 

Sorrn Casain, p. v., LUl inei . , „ m w. Ijy W. 

back r., on a tributary of the H'-^'^-''^^;',:;; f „el,rs, 

-rsu^t:e:r;tjr::2:;i.-an. 

factured and exported. Tiocn co xV. K.-onlhe 

Son™ CA.uon,p. v. and f ;Tn?- ^ ' 5 g. g, 

Cayuga and Sus.melianna 1,. 1..,^ uiU.- 
Cayug-.t, and WSS.W. by W.Albany. 



THE STATE OF SOUTH CAROLINA. 



upward of 600 miles ; and the "' "" ' ^^^j^ted at 2.i.500 square m.les. swampy tracts, and 

from the right, and ""=,^'""=,^'': "!_,1 The Santee, the greatest n«r of the '''•^''^' '" "i,,^ „ij„|a,j. by iwomoulhs. 
which there is a fall of 1 <f f '° ^^^^ ' ^^.^ .caches the sea without receivn^g '^y^^X^f.Z.^ t> L mountains. 
Catawba, or Wateree, and the C<'"g"«'- " ^ by the aid of canals, there ,s i^av .ga on , ^. ^^^^ ^,^^ 

Steamboata ascend it to Camden an i»^^^^^^ 

The Congaree is itself formed by ""'.J""';™; ,. gj^^ams, in tlie southern part ..f the bta e, navi 30 ^^^, 

Edisto,^mb^ee^tu.,C>o,a— .-^^^ 

by small vessels. Ashlej l''"'^''""\''f ,, „ ' divers are navigable, as a general thmg tne ' ,,^3 entrances, 

,/the Santee Canal. f^'^'S'' ■""l^'irrthe S.ateare almost valueless, buttl.ecoas^P-^^^^^^^^^ ,,,,^^ 

shallow, and obstntcted by b,a s Jbe ^'^or ^^,,„,„„es to an "'™''^^,^ ™f ^Jj^it small craft. The 

which are accessible to »7" T7;'^'X;„„,,s sand bar, tnid that of Georgetow^ w I Umly a ^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^ 

harbor of Charleston is obstructed ' 5 » ''»"=-;^ g,„i,., ^,,.1 is sufncient to receive a naN s, but .s . 1 ^_^_^^^ .^ ^^^ 

harbor of Beaufort, or Port f i" • '^"■S*^^f;", Iduring the blockade of t'^'^f "•"•■". :;=;„f;„;„cs long, it is too 
Inlet has nine or ten feet of «»";'•• :™'j;^,;l ^^e co:,,, but although about .5 ""'f , y' " ™ ^skirted by a range of 
most spacious opening for a f;» ' 't,'^^\%tnlrcial value. The ->'•""" P^fPf'^^/rna Nation from Charleston 
much beset by shoals to be of any g;>-»^^°'" channels, which afford an mland "e""'''''" ""^^^r f„„,s,s of live o,ak, 
Sands, separated from the mam an^ ^^^,^1^,^, are low and A^''' ''"' ^^ .J ' of "..on was com- 
to Savannah. These >-''™'' , '■^'- '^^ l^^,^,,^ seed, or Sea Island cotton. Belo e *« f ;;,„^,, ,„.„ in,pene.rable 
pine, and palme.toes, and 11'^/)"'^''^ alli-ators, and .heir thick woods ™- /""'^J "'r gUdes l-y tbeir shores, he is 
meneed, many of them were ^'^"'l^Z^,^, and well hdmbitcd, and as '!'<' ™ ^S^ („f ,^j lowering groves of 
to man. At present they "^ "" ^.^I'^^u-r; interspersed by thick "™.I« "^ P^^'c'e" ^i* a trunk sometimes 12 
enchanted by the P^'P^''^^ "^ "^' ' i^.Ued from its being an evergreen, ts l^"^l^^'l^^„,, sweeping the ground. 

Th'elaurel is here seen covered -*-;;; '^^'^trc'vered with thousamls of - - - . „ ,f ,„„ western part of 
be.acia.s, which border thesc^shmds tow rdh^^^ _^^^^_^^ b.signiflcant. The P™ m- -^ ,„^,,.„„ ,f „„,„ has 

Tuomey says, it is ow m„ 10 u«. 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 



Massnehiisella and Connecticut are bettor known in Cbarleaton and other cities, than those of the State (South Carolina), 
noiwiihsi:in<!in^ the abundance and quality of the latter. In chiMsing building materiala, strength and resistance to 
external agents are among the i)rincipal requisitea." * • • * "Thi; granite and sienite around Columbia arc of this char- 
aetiT. Aiiicng the beautiful grauitea of the Slate, the porpbyritic granite of Camden and Buffalo Creek, and the red 
granite near Columbia, are conspicuous. Of the sienites, those found in AbbcTille, Fairfield, and Lexington arc the most 
beautiful. The former resembles the (^lincy granite, and the latter is remarkable for its white feldspar, contrasting so 
strikingly with the black crystals of hornblontle. The while and variegated marble of Sp.irtansburg and Laurens form 
excellent material:* fir building and ornamental purposes." * * * * " Gneiss, besides furnishing an excellent building 
etone, is often sulHeiently slaty in its structure to allow of being split into slabs. A fine quarry of this sort is open at 
rickens. In the lower part of York gneiss is found, having a similar structure : it passes into mica slate, which preseuta 
every appearance of making an excellent flagging stone." * * * * " The mica slate foimd in Fairfleld is ccjually prom- 
ising." Soapstone of very fine quality is found at some of the above-named localities; and porcelain earth abounds 
tlirough the primary region, wherever the feldspathic granite is found in a slate of disintegration. Localities are so well 
known as "'chalk hills," that they need not be enumerated. A long-known loc;i!ity occurs above Pendleton, and along 
the base of the mountains in Pickens it is seen in several places; in Greenville, near where the Pendleton road crosses 
theSaluila; and in AbbeTille, near the village, a remarkable locality is pointed out. This deposit is the result of the 
decomposition of eurite. A similar deposit is found near Cherokee Ford, where it is used as a fire clay, and it is seen 
again on the branches of King's Creek, But the finest exposures of this earth are found in the diluvium. A good mate- 
rial for glazing pottery will be found in the undecoraposed feldspar of the granites, where it abounds. Sand of fine quality 
for the manufacture of glass is also abundant. Ked and yellow ochres abound in Chesterfield District, of very fine quality, 
yet they seem scarcely to be used even for domestic purposes. There are many localities where the micaceous and talco- 
micaceous rocks occur, which answer well for whetstone. A noted locality occurs in York, and another in Chesterfield, 
and in the upper part of Lancaster. Many of the precious stones are also found in various parts of the State. 

In richness, variety, and abundance, perhaps no part of the habitable globe, of the same territorial extent, exceeds South 
Carolina in agricultural capabilities. Governor Soabrook says, "Of the four great materials for human clothing, cotton, 
wool, silk, and flax, her climate and soil are peculiarly adapted to the first three, and in locations to the last. Of the 
prominent articles of food, she produces rice, wheat, Indian corn, oats, rye, barley, sweet and Irish potatoes, and different 
varieties of the pea tribe. For the habitation of man, the earth, her quarries, and forests, furnish an inexhaustible 
supply. Iron, so essential to every class in society, is superior in quality, it has been ascertained, to any found in the 
country. Gobi, not too abundant to divert from other and more profitable pursuits, exciles the enterprise, and rewards 
Uie labor of a portion of our citizens. In other minerals she is neither deficient in quantity nor value. TVhile the woods 
abound in game, including the deer and tm"key, the ocean, which laves her southern border, and the numerous streams, 
both salt and fresh, that penetrate every part of her surface, yield almost every variety of the choicest fish. In relation 
to medicinal and culinary plants, her catalogue is large. To tobacco, indigo, and hemp, which once were staple com- 
modities, fruits and esculent vegetables that everywhere meet the eye, and other productions that minister to the comfort 
or necessities of her people, it is needless in this place especially to direct your notice. So remarkable, indeed, is her 
topographical condition, that wheat and the sugar-cane grow profitably side by side, and the olive and orange ripen under 
the provident care of the same family of cultivators, who extract the saccharine matter of the maple, but essay in vain to 
secure the maturity of the native corn of America. Wheat is cultivated as low as 82° 30', and from bleak, cold winds, 
the northern side of the Glassy Mountains will not produce maize. To comprehend this subject in all its relations a more 
detailed examination is necessary. 

" South Carolina is most favorably situated, not only with regard to the States of the Union, but to the other portions of 
tbe globe. Midway between the frozen regions of the north, and the burning heats of the tropica, in her climate, seasons, 
and productions, it has been fully represented that she enjnys most of the advantages of all. If we except tropical fruils, 
to which frost is fatal, her capacity successfully to rear all the grains, fruits, and esculent roots, which enrich more southern 
countries, is nearly certain. Her latitude for cotton enjoys an extraordinary advantage. Much farther south, the forcii^ 
nature of a vertical sun develops the plant too rapidly, thereby running it into weed and foliage ; it is from the wime cause 
most exposed to the ravages of the caterpillar and other insects. Farther north, the season is too short to mature aa 
abundant crop of bolls, while the staple degenerates, and becomes less valuable. From the Sea Island the best cotton 
known to commerce is exported. So circumscribed are the lands in which it can be grown, that a half degree (32° 10' to 
82° -10' norlh latitudes) of the sea-coast of North America seems to be the precise point where the length, strength, and 
firmness of the fibre are most happily blended. In reference to rice, ourSiale enjoys almost a monopoly. South Carolina 
Includes an area of 30,213 square miles, or 19,435,680 acres (according to the last census 24,500 square miles, or 15,6.SO,000 
acres). Of this area there is as little land in one body, the highest authorities assure us, unsusceptible of remunerating 
culture as the United States can furnish. Undistinguished by mountains with their agricultural disadvantages, it is worthy 
of remark that the spurs that make out from the great range which separates the waters falling into the Atlantic Ocean, 
and into the Gulf of Mexico, are cap.ible of profitable tillage to their very summits. 

"As a difference of 12 degrees of latitudes exists between the western and eastern hemispheres, the countries of the 
latter, which are subject to the same atmospherical influences with South Carolina, comprise the most delightful and fruit- 
bearing portions of France, Italy, Turkey in Europe, Kussia, Tartary, and China. 

"Between the primitive and alluvial formation the State is nearly equally divided. The soils, though of every kind, 
may be said to comprehend sU varieties, each the best suited to a certain crop, yet all of them capable of advantageously 
producing three-fourths of the vegetable products grown in its limits. "While local differences are everywhere observable, 
the surface and soil cf the upper districts present a great similarity ; and this is equally true of the lower districts. In the 
former the lands are broken and hilly, in the latter level — oak is the natural growth of the one, pine of the other. Clay is 
the soil of much the largest portion of the State, and, except in the immediate vicinity of the ocean, is almost the universal 
substratum. A close, stiff land predominates generally in the parishes south-east, and an open sand on the sea islands. 
The highlands of the country above the falls of the rivers are naturally much superior to those of the pine-covered region, 
but the alluvial bottoms of the former are greatly surpassed in richness by the river swamps of the latter. In it3 capacity 
for permanent improvement, the granite half of the State has been more highly favored by nature than the alluvial. 
This is mainly ascribable to the open texture permeable to water of its clayey subsoil, and the potash in the soil and sub- 
eoil, formed by the decomposition of the feldspar and mica of the granite. In a few localities, however, the deplh of the 
substratum and its proximity to tlie surface offer serious obstacles to its higher productions. These, among other causes, 
800 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 



seem yet to be opL-ratin^ agaiasl tlie cuHivalinii of pL-rlmps tlii' grcstter part of itiose peculiar soils known as the • Flat 
"Woods' of Al)beville; those in tlie neiiihhorliool of Dutchtiian's and Wateree creeks, in Fairfleld, and Ihe JJIack Jack 
lands of Ciiesler. Deriviui: Iheir fertility from the horneblende di*.integrate<i rocka which lie below the close clay subsoil, 
it would ajipoar that steady industry, inc-iti-d and directed by orilinary skill, was alone wanting to preserve and perpetuate 
the uncommon prod urtiven ess which, in spite of long-continued and improvident tillage, still distinguishes these remark- 
able tracts of land. In reference to liie soils of the primitive cnuntry, to one mnre peculiarly only shall I uow adverL 
When the rocks lie liorizontally, it is known that the soils derived from clay slates frequently suffer from the impenetrable 
nature of Ihe subsoil and the position ol" the underlying rocks. In the regions to which they are confined in this State, 
they 'are all highly inclined, preaealing their edges to the surface, and allowing iho water to percolate through the 
strata.' 

" The swamps, covering 2.000 square miles of land of inexhaustible fertility, are capable of thorough and economical 
drainage and conversion into active and available ca[)ital. The pine lands, emlirueing G,000,fK)O of acres, constitute the 
most neglected portion of the State, while in some quarters they are erroneously regarded as ^■aluatJlo only for the abun- 
dance and quality of their timber, in others the belief is equally unsound, that their productive capacity is limited to 
plants which flourish only in a Ihin and feeble soil. That in ail its relations it is a district of country of immeasurable 
Talue to our community, will hereafter be attempted to be shown. 

"S'Hilh Carolina is most bountifully supplied Mith water. The base of her t^i.^nguIar form is washed by the ocean, and 
one of her lateral sides rests on a river accessible to vessels more than one-half its length, a!id small boats 100 miles 
beyond. Many bold and navigable streams, with nurnerous tributaries crossing tliruugh her territory in every direction, 
disembogue into the Atlantic at distances from each other, most suitable for the purpose of intercommunication and traffic. 
Before reaching the point u-here all traces of their distinctive character are lost forever, by united contributions they form 
a bold channel between the mainland and the sea islands the entire width of the State. Apart from the creeks and inlets 
of the sea, tiiere is now an inland navigation equal to about '2,400 miles. Greenville is llie only division of our domain 
without the beueflt of navigation. In all the districts, however, water-courses abound which afford remarkably eligible 
sites tor raiJIs. The rocks cross the streams nearly at right angles, and hence form a series of natural dams iicross their 
beds, and mjike falls that vary from five to eighty feet in comparatively short distances. In perhaps no equal extent of 
territory are there so many advantages of this sort presented. In connection with this subject, it is proper t"* add that the 
metropolis of the State (Charleston) is only seven miles from the ocean; that its harbor Is spacious, well protected from 
storms, and at all times accessible. 

'• Surprising to many as may be the declaration. South Carolina, in reference to her whole population, is a very healthy 
country, and by no meansa sickly one with regard to her white inhabitants. If the alluvial region and a few of the middle 
districts are subject to fevers in summer, the whole Stale in winter is comparatively exempt from the diseases to which 
more northern climates arc peculiarly liable. The assertion, too, is with entire confidence made, that even during the hot 
months, in perhaps one-half of her limits, foreigners may reside, not only with impunity, but with renovated constitutions. 
In the neighborhood of every locality in which mephiiic exhalations show the fatality of their power, there are sites for 
Bettlements where vigorous health, under the ordinary safi-guards, is always secured. The entire sand hill country and 
pine lands generally, as well as our towns an<l villages, furnish the most signal evidence of the salubrity of their atmos- 
pheric influence. It may here bo appropriately observed, that while from causes, several of which are among the arcana 
of nature, the lower division is becoming gradually but steadily healthier, a portion of the middle zone is decidedly more 
liable to maladies of a fatal character. If a better system of drainage and other impro\ enu-nts in the cultivation of the 
ground do not satisfactorily account for the one, certain agricultural features are perha])9 suflicient to explain the other. 
For the diseases which occasionally clothe, in the habiliments of mourning, the people of Abbeville, Union, Chester, and 
York, it is supposed Uiat the planters of those districts are competent to the diminution of the sources whence they spring. 
It is not unworthy of especial remark, that the atmosphere of the swamps and marshes, so poisonous to the white man, 
is at all times innocuous to his slave. If it were not for this merciful provision of an AH Wise Being, the alluvial region of 
South Carolina in tlie immediate vicinity of its water-courses would soon become a dreary waste, and tenanted only by 
the beasts of the forest. Of the cities of the Union, Charleston, aiid it may be added Columbia, show a lower mortality 
among their acclimated inhabitants than any others. "With regard to the former, the number of deaths from all fevers 
(the epidemic of the State), except from yellow fever, for the hist IS years, is C5G, and in any one year SI in a population 
of between 3(t,000 and 40,000. From yellow fever, whicii has prevaihd as an epidemic but twice in 22 years, for the same 
period, the aggregate number of deaths is 046. The average mortality for the last C years, all classes included, is 1 in 51 ; 
blacks alone 1 in 44, and whites alone 1 in 5S. 

"The natural means of resuscitating the soil are abundant and widely diffused. A large portion of the lower country 
shows exhpusliess beds of the richest marl. Limestone, though obtainable only in York, Spartansburg, Laurens, and 
PickenSj exists in such quantities in the first two districts, that by railroad communication the entire primitive region will, 
at no distant day, be furnished with this earth, so essential to the nutrition and development of plants. While tlie sea- 
shore parishes possess unfailing supplies of salt mud, salt grass, and shell lime, two-thirds of the State are most amply 
furnished with swamp mud and peat. 

" Of minerals and the primitive rocks, Ihe number of the former is 2S, and of the latter more. (See account of minerals, 
anted.) 

"The botany of the Slnte consists of about 3,000 species of plants — of these 2,000 are flowering, and 1,000 unprovided 
with flowers, as parts of their organs of fructification. In relation to the former, about fi5 are naturalized— that is, foreign 
plants introduced, and now growing wiM. There are about l.'iO grasses, of which 15 are native; HO species of esculents 
(for m-in), of which three or four are naturalized, and about 70 more tised in medicine, agriculture, and the arts, of which 
five or six are naturalized. 

"As a member of the ITnion, South Carolina in population occupies the f'ln'»:7>th rank (.according to the census of 1S50, 
the fourteenth), in territorial extent the kventt/'Sit'com/ (since the admission of California, the twenty-third); in the value 
of her agricullund exports, ihejifth; in the value of the goods, wares, au'l merchandise, of ihe growth, produce, and 
manufacture of the ITnited States, the thirU'enth. The very large contribution of this State to the national wealth, which 
is determined by the amount of her domestic exports, and not her imports, comes, too, from a limited part of her soil. The 
estimated number of acres in cultivation in l?2n, was ],221,000 ; at present it does not exceed 2,000,000 (in 1S50, according 
to the census 4,072,051), or about one-tenth, (one-fourth) of her arable lands.'' 



E 5 801 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 



South Carolina 13 diviUed iuto 29 districts, the general statistics of whicb, and the capitals of each, in ISoU, were as 
follows : 



Fop. 

. 82,818 



Collnliea. Dwell 

Abbeville.... 3,391 
Anderson . . . 2,440 
Barnwell.... 2,460 

Beaufort 1,3S5 

Charleston... 5,213 

Chester 1,541 . . 18,038 

Chesterfield.. 1,263 ..10,T90 

Colleton 1,515 ..39,505 

Darlington... 1,813 ..16,830 
EdgeBeld . . . 3,019 . . 39,262 

Pairfleld 1,2S2 

Georgetown . 575 
Greenville... 2,351 

Horry 9S0 

Kershaw 928 



Farms Mnmif. r..r,;t«i. 
in cult. E,Ut,. Cap.tal.. 

.1,814.. 156.. Abbeville 



21,475 . . 1,9S6 . . 
26,608.. 1,558.. 



. 88,805 . 
. 72,805 . 



. 21,404 . 
. 20,647 . 



842.. 
682.. 
844.. 
548.. 
888.. 
857.. 



650. 



20,156.. 1,063. 
T,64C . . 781 . 
14,473.. 888. 



6G 
85, 
IS 
76 
50, 
32 
10, 
26 



. Anderson 
. Barnwell 
. Gillisonville 
. Charleston 
. Chester 
. Chesterfield 
. Walterboro' 
. Darlington 
. Edgefield 
. Winnsboro' 
. Georgelow* 
. Greenville 
. Conwaysboro* 
. Camden 



Counties. 

Lancaster. 
Laurens. . 
Lexington 
Marion .. . 



Dwell. 

... 1,096. 
. . . 2,1.32 . 
. . . 1,812 . 
... 1,866 



. 10.983 . . 680 
, 23,407 . . 1,603 
, 12,930 . . &37 
.17,407.. 1,374 



Marlborough. 9-'9 .. 10,"S9 .. 621 
Newberry ... 1,494 . . 20,148 . . 1,045 
Orangeburg.. 1,613 ..23,582 . . 1,206 

Pickens 2,232 . . 10,904 . . 1,231 

Eichland .... 1,588 . . 20,343 . . 544S 
Spartansburg 3,1 ■)5 , , 26,400 . . 1,555 

Sumter 1,903 .. 33.220 .. 1,.S43 

Union 1,734 .. 19,852 . . 869 

Williamsburg 71T . . 12,447 . . 454 
York 2,190 . . 19,433 . . 1,252 



Miuiiir. — .„i. 

Enab. ^^''P'**''- 

. . Lancaster 
, Laurens 
, Li^xington 
, Marion 
, BenrK■tts^^lle 
89 . . Newberry 
41 . . Oningeburg 
23 . . Pickens 
. Columbia 
. Spartansburg 
. Sumter 
. TJnionville 
. Kingstree 
. YorkvIUe 



, 20. 
,141 . 
, 40. 
. . 
, 28. 



87. 

ai. 



0. 

30. 



The whole number of dwellings in the State was, at the above date, 52,642; of families, 52,937; and of inhabitants, 
665,507; viz., whiles 274,623— males 137,773, and females 136,850; fr. col. 8,900— males 4,110, and females 4,790, and 
si. 384,954. Of the whole population there were, deaf and dtmib—'wh. 129, fr. col. 1, si. 15 — total 145; lUnd—v/h. 152, 
fr. col. 14, si. 56— total 222; insajie—ych. 192, fr. col. 3, si. 9— total 204; and idiotic—v,h. 242, fr. col. 3, si. 50— total 295. 
The number of free persons born in the United States was 274,813, the number of foreign birth 8,662, and of birth un- 
known 48. The native population originated as follows : Maine 68, N. llamp. 39, Terra. 37, Mass. 407, R. I. 97, Conn. 228, 
N. York SS4, N. Jer. 182, Penn. 362, Del. 14, Md. 320, Dist. of Col. 30, Virg. 1,621, N. Car. 6,173, Soutli Carolina 262,160, 
Ga. 1,5IM, Flor. 55, Ala. 225, Miss. 60, La. SO, Tex. 1, Ark. 9, Tenn. 183, Ky. 73, Ohio 23, Mich. 2, Ind. 11, 111. 6, Mo. 8, 
la. 0, "Wise. 0, Calif. 1, Territories ; and the foreign population was composed of persons from — England 921, Ireland 
4,051, Scotland 651, Wales 10, Germany 2,180, France 274, Spain 30, Portugal 14, Belgium 0, Holland 9, Turkey 0. Italy 59, 
Austria 11, Switzerland IS, Kussia 19, Denmark 24, Norway 7, Sweden 29, Prussia 44, Sardinia 0, Greece 1, China 1, 
Asia 4, Africa 9, British America 57, Mexico 4, Central America 0, South America 8, "West Indies 177, Sandwich Islands 0, 
and other countries 50. 

The following table will show the decennial progress of the population since the first census of the State, taken by tho 
TTnited States authorities: 



Cnlored Pers 



Census 


Wliite 


Years. ' 


Persons 


1790.... 


....140,178 



Poimlittion. 

,.249,073... 



Decennial Increa.**. 



Kunieri.'aL 



Per cent. 



Free. Slave. ToWl. 

.1,801 107,094 108,895. 

ISOO 196,255 3,185 146.151 '.149.336 345,591 96,518 8S.7 

ISIO 214,196 4,554 196,365 200,919 415.115 69,524 20.1 

1820 237,540 6,720 255,475 265,201 502,741 87,026 21.1 

1S30 257,863 7,921 315,401 323,322 581,155 78,444 15.6 

1810 259,089 8,271 317,088 325,309.... .. ..594,393 13,213 2.3 

1S50 274,623 8,900 384,984 393,884 668,507 74,109 12.8 

The general statistics of the State regarding its productions, manufactures, commerce, and institutions, according to the 
census of 1850, and other official returns for that year, were as follows: 

Occvpied Lands^ «(c.— Improved farm lands, 4,072,051 acres, and unimproved lands, 12,145,049 acres — valued together 
at $82,431,054. The whole number of farms under cultivation on the 80th June, 1850, was 29,969. Value of farming imple- 
ments and machinery, $4,136,354. 

Zive-Htock. — The number of live-stock or domestic animals for the two periods 1S40 and 1850, according to tho census 
of those years, was comparatively : 

lR.'iO. Increase, 

head \ 97,171 head )_ 4,733 head, or 3.6 per cent. 

193,244 

20,604 

663.935 

2S5„'i51 

1,065,503 

—the value of all live-stock in 1S50, was .$15,060,015. 

Products of Animals, — "Wool, 487,233 pounds ; butter. 2,981,850 pounds : cheese, 4,970 pounds ; and the value of animals 
slaughtered in the year had been $1,302,6.37. The wool crop according to the census of 1S40 amounted to 299,170 pounds; 
and hence the increase exhibited in 1850, was 188,063 pounds, or 62,8 per cent. The product per fleeco in 1840, was 
20.1 ounces, and in 1350, 27,8 ounces, showing an increase of 7,2 ounces, or 35.8 per cent. 

Grain Crops.— Wheat, 1,060,277 bushels ; rye, 43,790 bushels ; Indian corn, 16,271,454 bushels; oats, 2,822,155 bushels ; 
barley, 4,533 bushels ; and buckwheat, 283 bushels, Compariug the above with the products according to the census of 
1840, the following results are obtained : 

Crops. 1840. ie.^0. 

■WTieat 908,.354 bushels 1,060,277 bushels. 



Description. 1840. 

lT'-,\ •■ }l29,9211 

Mules and Asses 1 

Milch Cows » 

■Working Oxen 1,572,608 

Other Cattle I 

Sheep 232,931 

Swine 87S,,532 



( 193,244 " ) 

.< 20,604 " y 

( 663.935 " ) 



.205,075 

. 52,570 
.186,971 



or 85.8 



or 22.0 
or 21.3 



Eye 44,738 

Indian com 14,722,805 

Oats 1,436,208 

Barley 3,907 

Buckwheat 72 

802 



. 48,790 

,16,561,464 

. 2,322,155 

4,683 





Movement. 




ilia: 


97,923 busheU 


or 


10,1 per cent 


deer. 


8,M9 


u 


or 


2,1 " 


in a: 


1,443,649 


i( 


or 


9.9 " 


iiicr. 


846,947 


|( 


or 


56.9 " 


tiicr. 


616 


(( 


or 


15.5 « 


iiicr. 


211 


" 


or 


273.0 " 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 



Offier Food Crops.—Rice, 159,930,613 pounds; peas and beans. 1,026,900 bushels; potatoes— Irish, 186,494 bushels, and 
sweet. 4,337,469 bushels. The rice crop of 1^0 was 60,590,861 pounds, and the increase in IS50 was 99,339,752 pounds, or 
163.9 per cent. About Ihroe-fourths of the whole rice crop grown in the United States is produced in South Carolina, (he 
proportions being as 1.599 to 2.153. The crop of potatoes in 1S40, amounted to 2,69S,313 bushels, and hence the increase 
over this in 1S50 was 1,775,650 bushels, or 66.6 per cent. 

3fisrdla7ieous crops. — Tobacco, 74,2S5 pounds ; cotton, 330,991 bales of 400 pounds ; hay, 2^,925 tons ; clover-seed, 376 
bushels; other grass seed, 30 bushels; hops, 26 pounds; flax, 333 pounds; flax-seed, 55 itusliela ; silk cocoons, 123 pounds; 
sugar — maple 200 pounds, and cane, 671 hogsheads of 1,000 pound.s ; molasses, 15,904 gallons; beeswax and honey. 216.2S1 
pounds; wine, 5,SS0 gallons, etc. Value of orchard products $35,10S, and of market-garden products $47,236. The prin- 
cipal of these crops in 1S40 and 1S50 compare as follows: 

Crop3. 1E«. ISTin. MoTement. 

Tobacco 51.519 pounds 74.2S5 pounds increase 23,776 pounds, or 46.1 percent. 

Cotton 61,710,274 ** 132,396.400 " " T0,6SG,126 " or 114.S " 

Hay 24.61Stons 20.925 tons decrease 8,693 tons or 15.0 " 

Sugar. 30,000 pounds 671 .200 pounds increase 641 .2iiO pounds, or 2,287.3 " 

Wine 643 gallons 5,SS0 gallons " 5,137 gallons, or 79S.9 " 

Silk cocoons, 2,0S0 pounds 123 pounds decrease 1,957 pounds, or 90.7 " 

no77ip~made Mininfacturea were produced in the year ending 1st June, 1S50, to the value of $909,525. The same class 
of goods for the year preceding Ihe census of 1S40, were valued at $930,703. 

Mannftictures.—HolaX capital invested, $0,000,000 ; value of all raw matt-rial, fuel, etc. consumed, $0,000,000; hands 
employed 00,000— males 0,000, and females 0,000; monthly cost of labor $000,000— male $0(iO,000, and female $00,000; 
value of products for the year, $0,000,000. The number of manufacturing establishments in operation and producing to 
the annual value of $500 and upward on the 3(fth June, 1S50, was 1,473, distributed to the counties according to the ex- 
hibit of the general table. Of this number IS were cotton factories, 91 tanneries, and 6 iron works. The total capital in- 
vested in manufactures in 1S40, amounted to $3,210,970. 

Capital invested in cotton manufactures^ $857,200 ; cotton used, 9.929 b.ales ; value of all raw material, $295,971 ; hands 
employed, 919— males 399, and females 620 ; monthly cost of labor, $10,716 — male $5,565, and female $5,151 ; annual pro- 
ducts— sheeting, etc. 6,563,737 yards, and yarn 1,34S,343 pounds ; value of entire produeL-^, $749,33S. In 1S40, there were 
in the State 15 cotton factories — capital $617,450 ; hands, 570 ; value of manufactures, $359,000. 

Capital invested in t<nineru'/i, $1S4,335; value of hides and skins used, $131,679; hands employed. 264; monthly cost 
of labor, $3,667; prodiwls of the year, 13.830 skins, and 110,000 si<ie3 of leather, valued together at $261,332. In 1S40, 
the capital invested in 97 tanneries was $212,020 ; hands 281, and products — 6S,0S1 sides of upper leather, and S9,5S6 sides 
of sole leather. 

The irott mnnufactare of South Carolina ia confined to the manufacture of castings. In 1S50 there were 6 establish- 
ments in operation, having an aggregate capital of $185,700. The material used in these was 169 tons of pig iron, 2,800 
tons ore, and 405,560 bushels of charcoal anil coke, valued as raw material at $29,123. Hands employed 155 — males 153, 
and females 2 ; average wages per month- to males $13 59, and to females $4 ; castings manufactured, 1,286 tons ; touil 
value of annual products. $S7,Gs3. In 1S40 there were in the State 4 furnaces, producing 1.250 tons, and 9 bloomeries, 
forges, and rolling-mills, producing 1,165 tons ; fuel consumed, 6,334 tons ; hands, 24S ; an<l capital invested, $133,3(10. 

In the manufiicture of inalt and sjdritoua liquors, the caj)itid invested amounted to $3,475; Indian corn consumed, 
18,100 bushels; hands employed, 33; whisky and high wines produced, 4^5.900 gallons. In 1S40, 251 distilleries em- 
ployed 219 men, and produced 102.283 gallons; and the capital invested amounted to $14,342. 

The manufacturing establishments making up the whole number as ascertained, otherwise than those detailed above, 
consist chiefly of such as are usual in an agricultural State, as carriages, saddlery, etc., and the mills of various descrip- 
tions found in all parts of the country. At least one-half the whole capital is employed in these multifarious interests. 

Foreign c&miiierc^. — The value of the foreign import and export trade in the year ending 80th June, 1S50. was as fol- 
lows—of exports $11,448,500, and of imports $1,933,785. Of the exports, $11,446,892 was the value of domestic products- 
carried in American ships $6,467,201. and in foreign $4.979,691 : and $908 was the value of foreign goods re-exported ; and 
ofthe imports $1,313,658 was the value of gonda carried in American, and $620,127 that of goods carried in foreign ships. 
The statistics of the shipping employed in this branch of industry in the year aforesaid, exhibit the annexed .iggregates. 

Entered. Cleared. Tot.i!. 



Natinnnlity . ' » t ' 1 . —' , 

ofSliii»i>ir)g. Vessels. T-ins. Crews. Vessels. Tons. Crews. Vessels. Tons. Crews, 

American 163 52.71 1 2,206 205 72,222 2,781 368 124,933 4.98T 

Foreign 142 44,205 1,947 170 52,830 2,235 312 97,035 4.1S3 

Total 305 96,910 4,153 375 .... 125,052 5,016 680 221,963 9,169 

Distrirla, 

Charle3t<m 803 96.019 4,139 351 .... 121,367 4.S59 424 217.986 8,993 

Georgetown 2 297 14 24 ... 3.6So 157 26 8,982 171 

CoastiTig Trade, Inianial Improvements^ efc— The great bulk of the commercial material of South Carolina and the 
States westward using its ports, is carried to New York for a market and for exportation, and in like manner these States 
are supplied with foreign goods from the same mart. This arrangement creates an immense coasting trade, which in 
South Carolina chiefly centres at Charleston. {See Cuablestos.) With Georgia, Florida, and the Gulf ports a large trade 
is kept up, and regular lines of steamers and coasting ve.osi-ls ply between the ports. Navigation on the rivers is also 
carried on to a great extent, and the heavy prnduols of the interior are mostly brought down to the sea-board through 
this means. The Santee and other canals in this State are little used as channels of commerce, but are of local utility. 
The lines of railroad terminating at Charleston also greatly faeilitate internal commerce. These railroads, indeed, are to 
Charleston wh.at the Erie, Central, and other roads in New York are to the sea-board in that quarter, and have done 
more than all the natural facilities enjoyed by the country to swell the volume of its industry and wealth. These are 
noticed at length in the AppKNnix. Except Georgia, no otlicr Snuthcrn State has in operation such a successful system 
of railroads, and it was in South Carolina that the American railroad sjstem was first tested as an agent in commercial 
movements. 

803 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 



Tlie total amount of shipping owned in the Slate was 86,072 tons, of which 17,126 tons was registered shippins, 15,926 
tons enrolled and licensed, and 69 tons licensed (under 20 tons). Of the registered tonnaije 1,116 tons was navijjated by 
Bteam, and of tlie enrolled and licensed shipping 0,889 tons. No shipping had been huilt during the year. The statistics 
of the value of the foreign commerce for a aeries of years exhibit the following movements : 

Year. Exports. 

1S31 $6,.576.201 . 

1S32 7,762.7S1 . 



Year. Exporta. Iinporta. 

1791 $2,693,263 $ 

1792 3,423,250 

1793 3,191,S67 

1791 8,867,908 

1795 6,9ns,492 

1796 7.620,049 

1797 6,605,118 • 

1798 6,994,179 

1799 8,729,015 

ISOO 10,663,610 

1801 14,304,045 

1802 10,689,365 

1S08 7,811,108 

1804 7,4.51,616 

1805 9,066,625 

1806 9,743.783 

1807 10,912,664 

1803 1,664,445 

1809 3,247.341 

1810 5,290,614 



Imfjorta. 



T^ar. Expnrta. 

1811 $4,'iCl,279 i 

1812 2,036.195 

1818 2.963,484 

1S14 737,899 

1S15 6.675,129 

1816 10,849,409 

1817 10,372,618 

1S13 11.440,962 

1819 8,2511,790 

1S20 8.832,940 

1321 7,200,611 8,007,118 

1322 7,260,820 2.283,586 

1,323 6,89S,S14 2,419,101 

1324 8,084,083 2,166,186 

1S25 1,056,742 1,892,297 

1326 7,554,036 1,684,488 

1 827 8,.322,661 1 ,434,1 06 

1323 6,560,712 1,242,043 

1829 8,175,586 1,139,613 

1330 7,627,031 1,054,619 



Imports. 

. 1,213,725 

1S83 8,4.34.325 1,517.705 

1S34 11,119,505 1,7S",267 

1835 11,3;JS.016 1,S9I.S05 

1836 13,684,876 2,SUl,361 

1837 11.220,161 2,510.860 

1833 11,042.070 2,818.791 

1S39 10,3S7,426 3,036,077 

ISIO 10.036,769 2.058,370 

1&41 8,043.234 1,557,431 

1842 7.525,723 1,359,465 

1843 7,760,309 1,294,709 

1S44 7,433,232 1,131,515 

1S45 8,690,643 1,143,153 

1S46 6,848.477 902,536 

1347 10,431,517 1,580,653 

1343 8,031.917 1.435,299 

1349 9,701,176 1,475.695 

1850 ill,447,800 1,933,785 

Banlv^ etc.— On the Isl January, 1S50, there were 12 banks an<i 2 branch banks in the State, the condition of which at 
that date was as follows: ;/«/'i7/Y/6s— c.ipital, $13,139,571 ; circuliilion, $8,741, 7i35; deposits. $3,322,132; due other banks, 
$2,047,777; and other liabilities, $642,231 ; and a.sst?^.?— loans and discounts, $20,601,137; stocks, $1.849,463 ; real estate, 
$377,571 ; other investments, $a4S,530 ; due by other banks, $2,850,942 ; notes of other banks, $715,093 ; specie funds, 
$239,278 ; and specie, $1,711,902. 

Government^ etc. — The first constitution of South Carolina was framed in 1775. The constitution adopted in 1790 is 
the basis of the government as at present administered. 

Every free white citizen of the State, 21 years of ape, resident in the State two years, and owning a freehold of Ally 
acres, or a town lot, six months before the election, may vote wherever he so resides or holds such property. The general 
election is held on the second Monday of October annually. 

The Leffitilature consists of a nt)use of Representatives and a Senate. Representatives, 124 in number, are chosen for 
two years on a mixed basis of population and taxation, and must be free white men, 21 years old, citizens and residents 
of the State for three years, and if resident in Iheir election district, seized of a freehold estate of 500 acres and ten 
negroes, or of unencumbered real estate worth £150, and if non-residents, of an unencumbered freehold worth £500. 
Senators, 45 in number, shall be free white men, 30 years old, citizens and residents of the State for five years next before 
the election ; if residents of their districts, shall own a freehold of the clear value of £300 ; if nr)n-resi dents, of the clear 
value of £1,000 ; and shall he chosen for four years, one-half the number of senators every two years. The legislature 
assembles at Columbia annually on the fourtli Monday in November. 

The Governor and Lieutenant-governor shall be 30 years of age, residents and citizens of the State for ten years, and 
owners of a settled estate within tlie Slate of the clear value of £1,500 each ; and shall be chosen by joint ballot of both 
houses of the Legislature fur two years, and shall be ineligible during the succeeding four years. If the office of governor 
be vacant, it shall be filled by the lieutenant-governor, and after him by the president of the senate, until it is filled by the 
General Assembly. 

The adminibiraiive officers of the State are, the Secretary of State, the Comptroller-general, two treasurers, the sur- 
veyor-general, attorney-general, and the President of the Bank of the State of South Carolina. 

The /(/rf/c/a/'y consists of a Law Court of Appeals, and an Equity Court of Appeals, Courts for the Correction of Errors, 
Courts of Common Pleas and General Sessions, etc. The Law Couii, of Appeals^ consisting of all the law judges, for 
hearing appeals from the Courts of Law, and the Equity Court of Appeals^ consisting of all the chancellors, for hearing 
appeals from the Courts of Equity, are held in the capital, in May and November, and at Charleston, for the determining 
of facts from the districts of Georgetown, Horry, Beaupjrt, Colleton, and Charleston, in the month of January. Courts for 
t}ie Corrertio?} of Error.% consisting of all the judges in law and equity, to try constitutional questions, or questions where 
the law and equity courts are divided, and which are referred thereto by either of the courts, are held at such times, during 
the sitting of the Court of Appeals, as the chancellors and judges may appoint. Courts of Common Pleas and General 
Sessions have original jurisdiction in all civil cases where legal rights are involved (except in matters of contract, where 
the accimut is $20 or under), and in all criminal cases aff^ecting free white men; and appellate jurisdiction in all 
appeals from the magistrates' courts, antl in appeals from the Court of Ordinary in all cases except in matters of account. 
They are held in each and every district of the State twice in each year. Coiu-ts of Equiti/ lake cognizance of all matters 
in equity, as contra-distinguished from law, and a term is held annuahy in each district, except in that of Charleston, in 
which two are held. The City Court of Charleston is an inferior court of both civil and criminal jurisdiction, and is 
presided over by a Recorder. An Ordiiianfs Couii, is established in each district. The principal duties of the Ordinary 
is to grant letters of administration, probate of wills, examining executors' and administrators' accounts, etc., and his 
office is the proper depository of wills and other papers relative to the administration of estates. Appeal lies from this 
court in matters of account to tlie Court of Equity, and in all other cases to the Common Pleas. Mngiatrates' Courtii\\tv\'Q 
exclusive jurisdiction in matters of contract and under $20. Courts of Magistrates and FreeJtolders are establisheil for 
the trial of slaves and free penple of color for criminal offenses. The judges and chancellors are elected by joint ballot 
of the Legislature, and hold office during good behavior. Sheriffs hold office for four years, and are ineUgiblo for the 
succeeding four years. 
S04 



SOUTH CAUOLINA. 



Aineinlinents lo Ihe O'ttiflitutinn. if proposed by iwn-thirda of tlic niembera of eneli hoiis"- of (he LfS'^Iiilnre. ninst be 
published three months before Ihenext election of represenlatives, and if agreed to by a vote of twn-lhirdaof tlu' mendiers, 
at the next session, shall be adopted. No convention of the people shall be called unless by a vote of Iwo-lhirds of bolli 
houses. 

Fe(h'f'(d HeprestnitaUon . — South Carolina, in accordance with the law of 23d May. T^SO, is entitled to _;fM representatives 
in Congress. This State is the only one of tlie Union in which Presidential electors are chosen by the Legislature. 

The viilitia force of the Stale, as rcporteil by Ilie Adjuiant-jreneral of the I^nited States, in ISoO, consisted of 5r),509 
men of all arms, of whiih '2,5!il were conunissioned officers, and 5"2.61S non-commissioned officers, musicians, artificers, 
and privates. Of the commissioned officers 19 were general officers, 9(t general stafT-officcrs, 452 field-officers, imd 2,02-t 
company-officers. The Governor is ex-o^cio Commander-in-chief in and over the State of South Carolina. 

public FinanceHy Debt, fU: — The whole amount of moneys received into the treasury, during the year ending Snih 
SepUmiber. 1S50, was— from taxation $313,3Sl 55, and from other sources $2S6,911 22 ; total *C(J0,292 S7 ; and the whole 
amount expended was |54ii,SG4 42 ; leaving in the treasury $69,428 45. 

The detplof tlie Stale, according to the report of llie Legislature, in 1S50, is as follows: 5per cents, issued forthe capital 
of the r.ailroad Bank, ?46.7I4 34 ; Randolph Stock, $1,250 ; lievolulionary debt, *TS,Sin 60 ; G per cents, due 1S50. $3,726 84 ; 
6 per cents, due 1S52, $175,426 55; 5 per cents. Fire Loan Foreign Debt due 1S5S. $471,111 12 ; 5 per cents, (/o. dnel86S, 
$452,222 21; 5 per cents, domestic debt due 1860, $4S2,'J22 23: 5 percents. (fo. due lS70,$S2.%sns 92— total debt. $2,061,292 SI. 

Since the adjournment of the previous Legislature $193.4:^7 30 of the domestic, and $23,250 SO of the foreign debt had 
been cancelled by the bank, besides $S,750 of the Kandolph Stock paid by the treasury. 

The net profits of the State Dank, for the past year, including $95,000 as arrears derived from business of former years, 
were $3li4,S25 59. From this amount there has been transferred to the Sinking Fund $243,158 91, and been paid 
$73,453 11 for interest on the debt in Europe, and the balance that the bank was in advance for interest and expenses ; 
also the interest on the 6 per cents, (fire loans), amounting to $48,179 99. The aggregate funds of the bank, on the Ist 
October, were $6,353,660 06, and the total liabilities $2.77n.9-34 S6. leaving as surplus the sum of $3,582,725 20. 

The property of the State consists of bank capital $2,933,611 10, sinking fund $6.53,022 72. and balance due treasurers 
of State Bank $101,071 15; debt of railroa<l and canal companies, $523,396 69 ; shares in Soulli Carolina Kailroad Com- 
pany and South-Western Railroad Bank. $800,000; and sundries, $9,415 61— total $5,020,517 32. 

The Stale is possessed of several highly creditable charitable imsUtittions^ of which the Lunatic Asyhun and the Deaf 
and Dumb Asylum are the principal. The State Lunatic Asylum is located at Colund.iia. On tlic 5th November. 1850, it 
had 121 inmates ; during the ensuing year 55 others were received, and 49 were discharged— 22 cure<l, 18 improved, and 
9 died. leaving in the institution at the end of the year 127. Receipts during the year $26,501 43, and expenditures 
$123,702 54. The Asylum for the Education of the Dtaf and Dumb is situate at Cold Spring, and was instituted in 1&49. 
In November, 1S51, it had 27 pupils. 

Education. — The number of public schools in this State, in 1849, was 1,023, the number of teachers 1.019. and the 
numlKT of scholars 9,122. These schools are under the superintendence of Commissioners apfiointed by tlie Legislature. 
In 1S48, the amount expended from the public funds, on account of public education, was $4it.561 53. Througliout the 
State there are grammar schools, academies, and private establishments, at one class of which, in preference to thepubfic 
schools of the State, the great majority of young people are educated. The State also supports several military institutes, 
(he curriculum of instruction at which is based on that of the West Point Academy. Tlie principal colleges, IhcoIogicaJ 
.seminaries, and medical schools in the State, and the statistics of each, are aa follows : 

Names. Lo< atinn. Fniinr!*'!]. 

Charleston College Charle8t/>n 1785 

South Carolina College Columbia 1S04 

Southern Theologieal Seminary (Pres.). do 1S31 

Ftirman Theol. Semin.ary (Bapt) Fairfield DistricL 1826 

Theological Seminary (Lutheran) Lexington / ls35 

Med. Coll. of State of S. Carolina Charleston 1833 

PnUie I.ibrarie-s. — According to the report of the Librarian of the Smithsonian Institute, in 1S51, there were in the 
State the following libraries : 2 social— 28,500 volumes ; 2 college— 19,000 volumes ; 4 students— 1 ,900 volumes ; 5 academic 
and professional — 10,264 volumes ; 1 public school — 250 volumes. Total 14 libraries, and 59.914 volumes. 

Periodical Press. — The whole numberof periodicals and newspapers published in the Slate on the 1st June, 1850, was 
47, of which number 7 were published daily. 4 tri-weekly. 2 semi-weekly, 25 weekly, 5 monthly, and 1 quarterly. Of the 
whole, 22 were democratic in politics, and 25 whig, or neutral, or devoted to religion, literature, etc. Of the dailies, the 
aggregate circulation was 20,700 copies at each issue; of the tri-weeklies, — ; of the semi-weeklies, 925; of the weeklies, 
S5,990 ; of [he monliilit-fi, 5.700 ; and of the quarterly, 1,600 copies. The number and character of periodicals in each di»- 
trict, was as follows : Abbeville, 2 w. ; Anderson, 2 w. and 1 m. ; Beaufort, 1 \v. ; Charleston, 4 d., 1 t.-w.. 4 w., 3 m., 1 
bi-m., and 1 quarterly ; Chesterfield, I w. ; Chester, 1 w. ; Edgefield, 2 w. ; Fairfield, 1 w. and 1 m. ; Greenville, 1 w. and 
I t-w. ; Georgetown, 1 8.-w. and 1 w. ; Kershaw, 1 s.-w. ; Laurens, Marion, Newberry, and Pickens, each 1 w. ; Rich- 
land, 3 d., 2 1.-W., and 3 w. ; Spartansburg, 1 w. ; Sumter. 2 w. ; and York, 1 weekly. 

Pauperism. — Whole numberof paupers who received relief or support witliin the year ending 1st June, 1850, 1,642— 
1.813 natives, and 329 foreigners ; and the whole number of paupers at that date, 1,293 — 1,113 natives, and ISO foreigners 
annual cost of support, $48,387. 

Rtiligicua Denofninatious. — The statistics of the several religions denominations in the State in 1S50, were as follows: 



Pre 


frs.iirs. 


Stml.>.ila. 


Alumni, 


Vol.. in libr. 




C .... 
8 .... 


... 70 .... 
.... IM .... 


124 


. . . 2.000 






17,000 




6 .... 


.33 


.... 143 .. 


4,000 




2 .... 


. . . . 30 ... . 


.... 30.. 


1,000 




2 .... 


.... 10.... 


. . . . iO . . 


1,S00 




8.... 


....im .... 


.... — .. 


— 



De.K.niin.- No. ,f 


Cliiirfli 


V>l,.e nf 


D<'n,.mm«. 


N„ ..r 


CIjnr.-I. 


Vnlus «C 


Dpn.imina- No. of 


Cl.urcl, 


V,l,.s nl 


lioua. Cliunlie. 


aii'oin. 


Pn.pertj ^ 


lions. 


Cliur.lws 


m<«uii. 


rr..|.en>. 


Itoii.^. Cliiirclies 


Bcc.m. 


Tropertj-. 


BnpHst US. 


165,805.. 


$2«3,80.3 


Gcrni'n F.ef. 


— . 


— . 


.$ - 


R. Catholic.. 14 .. 


6fii0 .. 


»73,815 


Christian ... — . 


— ,. 


_ 


Jewish 


3 . 


2,4110 


. SS.700 


Swcdcnb'g .. — .. 


— ., 


— 


C"ns:roent1. 1. 


2,000., 


70,000 


Luthcrnn.. . 


41 . 


U,7.-)0 


. 100,500 


Tunker — ,. 


— .. 


— 


Dutch Ref. . — . 


— .. 


_ 


Mennonile. , 


. 


— 


— 


Union — .. 


— ,, 


— 


Episcopal.. 71. 


2S.I540,, 


615,4,W 


Molhodist. . 


467 . 


l.iWiO 


. 311,163 


Unitarian,., 1 ., 


700 ., 


80,000 


Free 5. 


l.S.'JO. . 


1,700 


Moravian . . 





— 


— 


Univcrenlist, 3 ., 


e&o .. 


5,600 


Friends 1. 


500.. 


COO 


PresbylLT'u. 


125 . 


C4,4M 


. 471,125 


Minor Sects, 19 ., 


0,620 ,. 
SOS 


09,423 



sou sou 

—making a total of 1,163 cliurches, having accomraodalion for 453,930 persons, and valued at $2,140,346. South Carolina 
13 a diocese of the Prottstant Episcopal Church, and also forms a part of the Roman Catholic diocese of Charleston. 

Jlintorifal Sketch.— ^o\x\\\ Carolina, for many years after its settlement, was united under the same government as 
North Carolina ; but as early as 1671 it had been set off aa the " County of Carteret in Carolina," and in 1715 had a sep- 
arate legislature. In 1727 it became a royal colony. 

The general history of the colony, from its first selUement to the division of Carolina into North and South, is given in 
connection with the description of North Carolina (which see). The germ of the population of South Carolina was 
planted at Port Koyal in lOTO, but becoming dissatisfied with the locality, the colony removed ibe next year to the banks 
of Ashley JUivcr, where they founded old Charleston. A second removal took place in 1630 to Oyster Point, at the con- 
fluence of Ashley and Cooper rivers, wliere the present city of Charleston was commenced. 

On the settlement of South Carolina, the proprietors engaged the celebrated John Locke to frame for them a constitu- 
tion and body of laws. The system of government proposed by the philosopher consisted of 120 articles, and was partly 
aristocratic and partly feudal in its principles. Three classes of nobility were established, viz.. barons, caciques, and 
landgraves. The first were to possess 12,000, the second 24,000, and the third 4S,000 acres of land, which was to remain 
unalienable in their families. The legislature consisted of only one house, and was composed of the lords proprietors, the 
nobility, and deputies chosen by the free inhabitants holding heritable property. This plan of government, ill suited to the 
condition and views of Ibe people, produced discord and anarchy. Its spirit was adverse to a democracy, and encour- 
aged the proprietaries in arbitrary proceedings. Ueligious disputes, however, at this time, were the great causes of 
disturbance. The Episcopalians being in a majority, attempted to exclude dissenters from the legislature, and the at- 
tempt succeeding, the Church of England was established by law. A train of evil consequences ftillowed ; and though 
the obnoxious law was annulled by the British Parliament, tranquillity was not restored, and soon after (1729) the people 
preferring a monarchy to an oligarchy, the colony became a royal government, the king purchasing the rights of the 
proprietaries. 

From this period the colony was governed on the same plan as the other royal governments, and its growth became 
more rapid. Population began to pour in when discord subsided. The Dutch expelled from New York, the French 
Protestants, on the revocation of the Edict of Nantz, and others fleeing from tyranny and opposition, sought asylum in 
the young colony. These generally settled themselves on the Santee River, and perhaps more by their respectability and 
character than by their numbers, contributed to the future welfare of the Slate. The insurrections of 1715 and 1745 in 
England also sent numbers to the settlement; many arrived from Germany and Switzerland, and 1,500 French colonists, 
expatriated from Nova Scotia, found sanctuary in South Carolina. The cuUiv:ition of rice was commenced about the 
end of the seventeenth century, and as is well known, to this event (which was purely accidental) the State has derived a 
lasting source of wealth. 

The wars of tne Spaniards, French, and Indians, undertaken by each for the extermination of the settlers, greatly 
Impeded the progress of the country during ihe period commencing with the eighteenth century, and ending with the 
general peace of 1763. The coasts were ravaged, Uie frontier settlements broken up, and numbers left the country in 
despair, and, to add to the misfortunes of this state of matters, the small-pox raged with violence during the latter portion 
of this calamitous period. 

Paring tlie thirteen years intervening to the breaking out of the Revolution of 1776, the province enjoyed uninterrupted 
peace and prosperity, and in that lime nearly doubled its population ; and the Southern colonies were at that time little 
inclined to disturb the peaceful order of things, then existing, by joining in the revolt against the mother country. But 
though this feeling animated the inhabitants generally, there was also a minority favorable to the revolution ; and about 
this time a revulsion was brought about even among the monarchical party, by orders having been given the governor to 
use immediately and efieclually the military in the subjugation of the dissentients. This circumstance seems to have 
determined the conduct of the colonists. During the long struggle that followed, this State suffered much both from the 
British and Indians, and the tory interest among themselves. The war in South Carolina was remarkable both for gene- 
ral actions of gre.it importance to the public cause, an<l for the display of individual bravery and patriotism. The battles 
of Cowpens and Eutaw Springs may vie with any in Ihe contest for skill and courage, and the names of Marion, Sumter, 
and Lee will ever live on the page of history. The city of Charleston was twice besieged — once in 1776, unsuccessfully, 
and once in 1780, when after a determined resistance its inhabitants and garrison fell into the hands of the enemy. The 
victory of Eutaw Springs in 17S1 relieved the State from the pressure of war, and contributed not a little to the successful 
issue of the contest The scenes of the battles and sieires within SouDi Carolina occurred in the following chronological 
order: Fort Moultrie, 2&th June, 1776; Port Royal, 1779; St .John's. 1779; Monk's Corner, 14th April. 17S0; Charlcs- 
ttm. 12th May, 17S0; Camden, 16lh August 17S0; Broad ^ijw, October, 17S0 ; Tz/g-ipr ^/rer, October, 17S0 ; Cowpens, 
17th January, 17S1 ; Fort Watson^ 14th April, 17S1 ; llobkirk's Hill, 25 April, 17S1 ; Ninety-Six, ISth June, ITSl ; Eaiaxo 
Springs, 8th September, 17S1. the scenes of American success being noted in italics. 

The history of the State since this period has been one of interest It notes many phases in politics which have startled 
the public mind, and though comparatively a small State, its proceedings have occupied a large share of public attention. 
Its attitude on several important federal questions has been peculiar and independent, and so tenacious of " State rights" 
have the pople appeared, that on several occasions they have even gone so far as to threaten a separation from tlio 
Union. In these manifestations of sovereignty, however, the patrif>lism of the people has not suffered in the general 
esteem of the world ; and it may be added thai the influence of the conduct of South Carolina has not been without its 
benefits to the Union, in restraining the federal aggressions and upholding the rights of Stntes to the management of their 
own intern.al affairs. South Carolina, too, Ii.ts given to its sister States an example worthy of Imitation, in its advocacy 
of Southern industry and improvement Am<mg Southern Slates, this is second to none in its public works, and in many 
of its industrial employments ranks superior to any other in which slave labor is used as a producing power. 

CoLU-MBiA, on the east side of Cougarec River, is the political capital of the Stale. 



Souxn Cap.roli., p. v., Carroll co., Tenn. : on a branch of 
Forked Deer r., in2 m. S. W. by W. Nashville. 

South Caruollton, p. o., Muhlenburg co.. Ay. ; 143 m. 
B. W. Frankfort 

South Carver, p. o., Plymouth co., Jfast-i. : 39 m. S. by E. 
Boston. 

S06 



South Cass, p. o., Ionia county, MicA, : S3 m. 'W. N. W. 
Lansing. 

South Charlrston. p. v., Clark co., Ohio : on a branch 
of Ihe Little Miami river, and on the Columbus and Xenia 
R. R.. 36 m. "VT. by S. Columbus. 

South Chaelestown, p. v. aud sta., Sullivan county, 



sou 



sou 



iV. Hump. : on the left bank of the Coimeelieut r., on the 
Bullivan K. R.. 22 m. S. from ■Windsor, ami AA W. Conconl. 

SouTU CuESTEBViLLB, p. o., Franklin county, J/f. ; on a 
Dranch of Sandy r., '21 ra. N. W. Augusta. 

South Cui^a, p. o., Kenuubec county, Me. : 13 ra. N. E. 
Augusta. 

^(.tuTu Columbia, p. c, ITerkimcr county, N. Y,: GS ni. 
N. AY. by W.Albany. 

South Corintu, p. v., Saratoga county, N. Y. : 36 m. N. 
Albany. 

South Cortlandt, p. o., Corllandt co., iV. Y. : 132 m. 
W. by N.Albany. 

South Coventry, p. v., Tolland co., Conn. : on the Witli- 
nianlic r., and on the New London, Willimantie. an<l Palmer 
K. It., ai m. N. by W. New London, and 22 E. from Hart- 
ford. This is a flourishing place, and contains several 
woolen factories for the manufacture of satinet warp, and 
the " Eagle Manufacturing Conn>any" have their establish- 
ment fur printing cloths in this v. — capital $20,UU0. There 
are from 50 to 60 operatives employed in the manufactories. 

South Ceaftsburg, p. v., Orleans co., Venn. : 30 m. N. 
by E. Montpelier. There is a manufactory of woolen goods 
in the village. 

South ("reek, t. and p. c, Bradford co., Penn.: 113 m. 
N- Ilarrisburg. Drained by a stream so called, which af- 
fords powt*r to several mills. Surface hilly; soil gravelly 
loam. The Wilhamsport and Elmira K. li. will pass through 
this town. 

South Danby, p. c, Tompkins co., 2i. Y.: lii m. S. W. 
Albany. 

South I>ansvilt.e, p. v., Steuben county, A''. Y. : on the 
Canoseraga r., branch of the Genesee r., 20S m. W. Albany. 

South Danveus, v. and sta., Essex county, ^fass. : al the 
junction of the Essex K. R. with the Salem and Lowell and 
South Heading Branch railroads, 19 ni. S. E. Lawrence, 22 
S. E. by E. Lowell, and 17 N. E. by N. Boston. 

South Dartmouth, p. v., Bristol co., Jfass. : on Appone- 
ganselt bay, 57 m. S. Boston. 

South Dedham, v. and sta., Norfolk co., Mass. : on the 
Norfolk County K. R., 14 m. S. W. Boston. 

South Deerfield, p. v., Rockingham co., JV. Hiimp. : on 
a branch of Lamprey r,, 13 m. S. E. Concord. 

South DEEKFffiLO, v. and sta., Franklin co., Masfi. : on 
the Connecticut River R. E., 25 m. N. Springfield, and SI m. 
"W, by N.Boston. 

South Deer Isle, p. o., Ilancock co., Me. : on S. part of 
the island so called, 5S m. E. by S. Augusta. 

South Dennis, p. v., Barnstable co., Mass.: on the left 
bank of Bass river, 67 m. S. E. Boston. Common salt and 
epsom salt is manufactured in the vicinity. 

South Dickinson, p. o., Franklin co., N. Y. : 150 m. N. 
by W. Albany. 

South Dorset, p. o., Bennington co., Verm.: 79 m. S. by 
W. Montpelitr. 

South Dover, p. v., Tiscataquis co.. Me.: 67 m. N. E. 
Augusta. 

South Doveu. p. v. and sta., Duchess co., A'! Y. : on the 
Harlem R. R., 73 m. N. by E. New Yurk citv, and 79 S. by 
E. Albany. 

South Drespen, p. o., Lincoln co.. Me. : on the E. of the 
Ketmebec r., 21 m. 9. by K. Augusta. 

South Durham, p. o., Cumberland co., 3fe. : 31 m. S. W. 
Augusta. 

South Durham, p. c, Greeno co., A'. 1'. ; on a tributary 
of the Hudson r., 30 m. S. W. Albany. 

South Eakt, t. and p. o., Putnam county, K Y. : SS miles 
S. by E. Albany. The Harlem K. E. passes through, hav- 
ing a sta. at Brewster's, 55 m. from New York, 99 from East 
Albany. Surface hilly ; snil fertile. Drained by Croton r. 
It contains several mills of various kinds, a paper factory, 
and taTm<-ry. Pop. 2,079. 

8<»uTH Easton, p. o., 'Washington counlv, K Y : 24 ra. 
N. N. E. Albany. 



South Easton, p. o., Bristol co., Mass. : 25 m. S. Boston. 

South Edaieston, p. o., Otsego county, J^. Y. : 75 m, W. 
Albany. 

South Edwards, p. 0., St. Lawrence co., A*". Y.: 13S m. 
N. N. W. Albany. 

South Egrkmoxt, p. v., Berkshire co., Mass. : on a small 
branch of Housatonic r., 122 ra. W. by S. B«iston. 

South Enolish, p. v., Keokuk co., In. : on a branch of 
English r.. 33 ni. W. S. W, Iowa City. 

South Erin, p. o., Chemung co., A'". Y. : 15G m. W. S. "W. 
Albany. 

Southerland, p. o., Jefferson county, Fhr. : 23 miles E. 
Tallahassee. 

South Farms, p. v., LitchfleM co., dmji. : 23 m. W. by S. 
Hartford, and 30 ra. N. N. W. New Haven. It contains an 
academy and church. 

Southfieud, t. aud p. o., Oakland county, 3fich. : 69 m. 
E. by S. Lansing. Drained by aftluents of llie branch of 
Rouge r. Surface diversified; soil deip and fertile, well 
wooded. Pop. in 1S40, 1,061 : in 1S50, 1,653. 

SouTHFiELD, p. 0., Berkshire co., Mass. 

South Fitchbueg, v. and sta., Worcester county, Mass. : 
on the Fitchburg .and Worcester R. R., 21 m. N. Worcester, 
and 40 W. N. W. Boston. 

South Florence, p. v., Franklin co., Ala. : on the left 
bank of Tennessee river, opposite Florence, 1S5 m. N. W. 
Montgomery. 

SouTHFORD, p. 0., Ncw Haveu oo.. Conn. 

South Foi:k, p. o., Owsley co., A't/. : on a fork of Kentucky 
r., 77 HI. S. E. Frankfurt. 

South Fork, p. o., iVsho co., K Car. : 169 m. W. N. W. 
Raleigh. 

South Fork, p. o., Wayne county, la.: Ill miles S. W. 
Iowa City. 

South Foster, p.o., Providence co., i?./. .' 13 ra. W. by S. 
Providence. 

South Framingham, p. v. and sta., Middlesex co., Mast. : 
on the Boston and Worcester R. 11., 21 m. from Boston, and 
24 m. from Worcesti-r. 

South Franklin, p.o., Delaware county, A'! Y: 76 m. 
W. S. W. Albany. 

South Franklin, p. o., Norfolk county, Mass. : 27 miles 
S. W. by S. Boston. The Norfolk County li. 11. passes 
near it. 

South Freedom, p. o., Waldo co.. Me. : 25 m. N. E. by E. 
Augusta. 

South Galway, p. o., Saratoga county, 2i m. W. N. W. 
All)any. 

South Gardiner, v. and sta., Kennebec co., 3ft'. : on W. 
bank of Kennebec r., and on Kennebec and Portland E R., 
12 ra. from Augusta, and 48 m. from Portland. 

SoiTH Gardiner, p. o., Worcester county, Mass.: 51 m. 
W. N. W. Boston. 

South Gate, p. o., Franklin county, Ind. : GG m. E. S. E. 
Indianapolis. 

South Genesee, p. o., Waukesha county, Wise. : 47 m. 
E. by S. Madison. 

South Gibson, p. v., Gibson co., Tenn. : 117 m. W. by S. 
Nashville. 

South GLAeTENnuRV, p. v., Hartford co., Conn.: on E. 
side of Connecticut r., 9 m. S. Hartford, 30 m. N. N. E. 
New Haven. 

South Granby, p. o., Oswego county, A^ Y.: 144 miles 
W. N. W. Albany. 

South Granville, p. o., Washington co., A^ 5". ; 54 m. 
N. N. E. Albany. 

South Groton, p. o., Middk'sox county, Mass.: 30 m. 
N. W. by W. Boston. 

SoiTH Grove, p. o., De Kalb co., III.: IGl ra. N. N. E. 
Springfield. 

South Grove, p. o., Walworth co.. Wise: 57 m. S. E. 
Madison. 

South Hauley, t, and p. v., Hampshire co., Mass.: on 

SOT 



sou 



sou 



E. side of Connecticut r., 7y m. W. Boston. Surface beau- 
tifully diversifleii ; soil productive. The Conm-elicut r. lias 
here a fall of 50 feet in iibout SO rods, around which the first 
canal on the river was constructed, havinjj the followin;! 
dimensions: 2 ni. long, with 5 locks, and for a di3l;iiice of 
300 feet cut thnnigh rock, 40 feet deep. Mount llolyoke is 
in the N. part of the town. The v. contains a church, etc., 
and the Mount llolyoke Female Seminary, a flourishing in- 
stitution of much celebrity. Pop. of t. 2.491. 

South Haoley Falls, p. v., Hampshire co., Mass,: on 
the E. bank of Connecticut r.. 3 m. S. from riouth Iladley v., 
60 m. W. Boston. It contains several munu factories, and 
is a very prosperous village. 

South Uaufax, p. o., Windham co., Verm.: lOS ra. S. 
Montpelier. 

South Hampton, t. and p. o., Rockingham co., ^. Honip. : 
37 m.S. E. Boston. Surface uneven. Watered by Powow r., 
which affords mill-siles. Pop. 472. 

Soutu Hanover, p. v., Jefferson co., IitrK : on the W. of 
the Ohio r., SO m. S. S. E. Indianapolis, The Hanover Col- 
lege is located in this place. The college eilifice is 100 feet 
by 40, and 3 stories high. There are also <itlier small build- 
ings erected for dormitories. The Indiana Theological 
Seminary is also connected with the college. In 1S50 the 
college had C professors, 100 alumni, and about 33 students. 
The libraries contain about 4,700 volumes. 

South Haa'son, p. o., Plymouth co., Mass. : 23 m. S. S. E. 
Boston. 

South Haedwtck, p. o., Caledonia co., Verm.: 20 m. 
N. N. E. Montpelier. 

South Haepeth, p. v., Davidson co., Tenn.: on the S. 
side of Harpeth r., 15 m. S. by W. Nashville. 

SoLTu Haekisbueg, p. o., Lewis co., N. Y. : 129 m. N. W. 
Albany. 

South Haetfoed, p. o., Oxford county, Afe. : 27 ra. W. 
Augusta. 

South Hartford, p. v., Washington co., 2^, Y. : 51 m. 
N. N. E. Albany. It couLaina 2 churches, tannery, grist- 
mill, and stores. 

South Haetwick, p. c, Otsego co., A'". Y. : 63 m. W. 
Albany. 

South Harwick, p. o., Barnstable co., Jfass. : on S. side 
of Cape Cod peninsula, 1 m. from the shore, 70 m. S, E. 
Boston. 

South Hawlet, p. v., Franklin county, Jfas3. : 97 m, 
W. by N. Boston. 

South Heemitage, p. c, Lancaster co., Penn. : 40 m. 
S. E. Harrisburg. 

South Hero, t. and p. v., Grand Isle co., Verm, : on S. 
part of Grand Isle in Lake Champlain, 43 m. N. W. Mont- 
pelier. The surface rises gently from the lake; soil is va- 
rious, but very fertile. Limestone is found. A ferry con- 
nects the t. with Colchester Point. The t. contains a tannery, 
store, and 2 churches. Pop. of t. 6fi6. 

South Hill, p. o., Steuben co., A": Y. ; 201 m. W. by S. 
Albany. 

South Hill, p. o., Bradford co., PeJin. : 90 m. N. by E, 
Harrisburg. 

South Hill, p. v., Mecklenburg co., Vlrg. : on a tributary 
of the Roanoke r., 63 m. 8. W. Riehmond. 

South HrNonAM, p. v., Plymouth county, Mass.: 14 m. 
8. E. by S. Boston. 

SouthHope, p.o., Waldoco.,3/^. ; 32m.E.byS. Augusta. 

SouTiiiNOTON, t., p. v., and eta., Hartford co., Con/i. : on 
Kew Haven and Northampton K. R., 22 ra. N. from New 
Haven, IS m. S. W. by S. Hartford. Surface uneven ; soil 
fertile; watered by Quinnipiac river, which affords water- 
power. The to\vn contains several grist and saw-mills, an 
academy, and 4 churches. Pop. of t. 2.139. 

SouTHiNGTON, L and p, o., Trumbull co., Ohio: 18S m. 
N. E. Columbus. Drained by branches of Grand r. Sur- 
face undulating; soil fertile. The inhabitants are chiefly 
occupied in agricultural pursuits. Pop. 1,013. 



South Jackson, p. v., Jackson co., Mich. : 3S m. S. by E, 
Lansing. 

SouiH Kent, p. v., Litchfield co., Cmin. : 40 ra. W. by S. 
Harlford, 38 m. N. W. New Haven. 

South Killincly, p. v., Windham co., Cqiiu. : 40 m. E. 
Hartford. GG m. N. E. New Haven. 

South Kingston, p. o., Rwkingham county, JV. Uamp. : 
32 m. S. E. by South Concord. 

South Kingston, t., Washington co., Ji. L ; 29 m. S. by 
W. Providence. Bounded on the E. by Narragansett bay, 
and on the S. by Atlantic Ocean. This t., formerly part of 
North Kingston, is the largest t. in the State, c<>mprising 9S 
sq. m. At its S. E. extremity is the noted Point Judith, 
Kingston village, in its N. ]>art, is the capital of the omnty. 
The t. has an uneven surface; soil of gravelly loam, and 
contains a large salt p<m<i, and about 20 fresh-water pomls, 
one of wliich contains 3,000 or 4,0u0 acres. The fisheries 
on its shores are extensive and valuable. Many of its citi- 
zens are employed therein, and in navigation. The town 
also contains several factories, chiefly making woolen gtHxls. 
The Stonington and Providence R. R. passes through its 
N. W. i)art. Pop. 3,S02. 

South KiKTLAJiD, p. o., Lake co., Ohio: 133 ra. N. N. E. 
Columbus. 

South Kortrigut, p. v., Delaware county, N, Y. : 72 m. 
S, W. by W. Albany. 

South Lanslng, p. o., Tompkins co., X. Y. : 146 m. W. 
Albany. 

South Lee. p. v. and sta., Berkshire co., Mass. : on Berk- 
shire R. R., 15 m. S. Pitt.'^fiehl. 114 m. W. Boston. Here are 
several paper mills and an iron foundry. 

South Lef.d5, p. o., Kennebec county. Me. : on E. side of 
Androac<»ggin r., 21 m. "W. S. W. Montpelier. 

South Lincoln, p. v., Penobscot co.. Me. : on E. bank of 
Penobscot r., 93 m. N. N. E. Augusta. 

South Livonia, p. o., Livingston co., N. Y.: between 
Conesus and Hemlock lakes, 206 m. W. Albany. 

South Lodi, p. o., Seneca co., X. Y. : on E. side of Seneca 
lake, 161 ra. W. Albany. 

South Lowell Mills, p. o., Orange co., X. Car. : 3:3 m. 
N. W. Raleigh. 

South Lyme, p. v. and sta.. New London co.. Conn. : on 
the New Haven and New Londiin R. R., 4P ra. from New 
Haven, and 10 ra. from New London. 

South Lyndedorouoh, p. o., Hiilsboro' co., -V; /lamp. : 
26 m. S. S. W. Concord. 

South Lyon, p. o., Oakland co., Mich.; 54 m. S. E. Lansing. 

South Manchestek, p. o., Hartford co., Co?in.: 9 m. E. 
Hartford. 

South Maecellus, p. o., Onondaga co., X. Y. : 132 m. 
W. by N. Albany. 

South Masfield, p. o., Penobscot co., Me. : on Piscata- 
quis r., 87 m. N. E. by N. Augusta. 

South Merrimac, p. v. and sta., Hiilsboro' co., A^ I/anip. : 
on Wilton Branch R. R., 5 m. from Nashville, 45 m. from 
Boston. 27 m. S. Concord. 

South MrDDLEBOROUon, p. o. and sta., Plymouth county, 
Mass. : on Cape Cod Branch E. E., S m. from Middleboro', 
and 43 m. from Boston. 

South Milfoed, p. c, Cecil county, Md. : 49 m. N. E 
Annapolis. 

South Milfoed, p. o.. La Grange co., Ind. : 130 m. N.N.E. 
Indianapolis. 

South Milfoed, p. o., Otsego co., N. Y.: 6S m. W. by S. 
Albany. 

South Milfoed, p. o., "Worcester co., Mass. : 29 ra. S. W. 
Boston. 

South Mills, p. o., Camden CO., K Car. : 145 m. E. N. E. 
Raleigh. 

South Moluncus, p. o., Aroostook county, Me. : 142 m. 
N. N. E. Augusta. 

South Mostville, p. o., Waldo co., Mo. : 27 m. E. byK 
Augusta. 



sou 



sou 



South mountain, Washington and Frederick counties, 
Mil. : a well-defintd ri-Ige of the Alleghauiea, forming the 
boundary botwcc-n tlie iwo counties. 

6ol;tu Nashville, p. o., Davidson co., Tetin, 

SouTU Natick, p. v., Middlesex co., Mus&. : on W. side 
of Charles r., 14 m. W. S. "W. Boston. 

South New Dkrlin. p. v., Chenango co., N'. Y. : on "W. 
bank of Unaddla r. It contains a church and a few stores. 
Pop. about ISO. 

South Nkwburo, p. v., Penobscot co., Me.: on a creek 
of Sowadabseook r, -17 ni. N. E. Augusta. 

South Nkwburv, p. o., Orange co., I'erm. : 27m.E.S.E. 
Monlpelier. 

South NEwiiuav, p. o., Merrimac co., y. ZTanip. : 25 m. 
TIV. by N. Cunoonl. 

South New Castlk, p. c, Gallia co., Ohio: in a mineral 
coal region on the N. bank of Ihe Oliio r.. P9 m. S. S. E. 
Columbus. It contains several stores, a furnace, forge, and 
rolling-mill, etc. 

South Nkw Market, t., p. v., and sta., Rockingham co., 
X. Ilamp. : .31 m. E. S. E. Concord. Bounded on the E. 
by Squawsent r. and part of Great bay. The Boston and 
Maine R. li. passes Ihrongh the v., 55 m. from Boston, 56 m. 
from Porlland, and connects with the Portsmouth and Con- 
cord R. R. 10 m. from Portamoulh, 37 m. from Concord. 
Pop. 516. 

South Nkwport, p. v., M'lntosh co., Ga. : on the right 
bank of Ihe river so called, about 9 m. from its mouth, 
130 m. S. E. Milledgeville. 

South Newky, p. c. Oxford co., J/f. ; on a branch of 
Androscoggin r., 54 ra. W. Augusta. 

South Norwai.k, p. v., and sta., Fairfield co,, Conn. : on 
"W. side of Norwalk r., near its mouth, and on New York 
and New Haven K. K., 44 m. from New York, 32 m. from 
New Haven. Tliis is the landing-place for steamboats, and 
tlie commencement of the Danbury and Norwalk U. R., 
24 m. from Danbiiry. Tlie v. has considerable manufac- 
tures, particularly of f^lt, beaver hats, and cloth, A most 
melantholy catastrophe and awful loss of life occurred here 
on Friday, May 6tli, 10 a.m., 1s53, when a locomotive, etc., 
with two passenger cars, were precipitated through the 
open drawbridge into tbe river below. The number of 
persons immediately killed and drowned was4T; 89 were 
very seriously injured, and many others much bruised, etc. 
The calamity was unprecedented since Ihe introduction of 
railroads, and cast a gloom over the whole Union. 

SouTHoLD, t., p. v., and sta., Suffolk co., K Y.: at the E. 
side of Long Island, between Long Island Sound and Great 
Peconic and Gardiner's bays. Several islands also belong 
to it. Surface level ; soil sandy ln,ara. The v. is a scattered 
Beltlement on tlie Long Island R. K., 91 m. from New York. 
The inhabitants are much engaged in the fisheries. Pop. 
in 1840, 3,007 ; in i&50, 4,722. 

South Olive, p. o., Morgan co., Ohio : 75 m. E. by S. 
Columbus. 

South Osondaga, p. o., Onondaga co., jV. Y. : 132 m. 
"W. by N. Albany. 

South Orange, p. o. and sta., Essex co., N. Jer. : on 
Morris and Essex K. R., 6 m. from Newark, 15 m. from 
Kew York, and 44 m. N. E. by N. Trenton. In the vicinity 
is a water-cure establishment. 

South Orleans, p. o., Barnstable co., J/ass.; 70 m. S. E. 
Boston. 

South Oertngton, p. o., Penobscot county. Me. : on 
the E. bank of the Penobscot river, 6S m. N. E. by E. 
Augusta. 

South Otselic, p. o., Chenango co., N. Y.: 107 ra. "W. 
Albany. 

South Oweoo, p. o., Tioga co., S. Y. : on S. side of Sus- 
qnehanna r., ISO ni. W. S. W. Albany. 

South Oxfohd, p. o., Chenango co., K. Y.: on the Che- 
nango r. and canal. Iii2 m. W. S. W. Albany. 

South Oyster Bay, p. o,, Queen's co., N. Y. : 133 m. S. 

F5 



Albany. This is a scattered settlement, 1 m. from the G.reat 
Soutb bay, which it overlooks. 

Sui TH F.\Ris, p. V. and sta., Oxford co.. Me.: on tlic At. 
liintic and St. Lawrence K. R., 4S m. from Portland, 3S m. 
W. by S. Augusta. In the vicinity is a flourishing woolen 
factory, making principally cf^simercs. 

South Parsunsfielu, p, v., York county. Me. : 74 m. S. W 
Augusta. 

South Perry, p. o., Hocking county, Ohio: 33 m. S. E. 
Columbus. 

South Plymouth, p. o., Wayne co., Mick. : 71 m. S. E. 
Lansing. 

South Plymouth, p. o., Chenango co., X. Y. : 99 m. W. 
Albany. 

South Point, p. o., Lincoln co., K. Car. : 13S m. W. by S. 
Raleigh. 

South Pomfret, p, o., "Windsor county. Verm.: 43 miles 
S. by E. Montpeher. 

Southport, p. b. and sta., Fairfield co.. Conn.: on W. 
side of Mill river, at its entnuiee inh* a small bay of Long 
Island Sound ; and on New York and New Haven R. R., 
52 m. from New York, 24 m, from New Haven. The liar- 
bor is convenient for vessels of liti) tons, is rarely frozen, and 
is protected by an extensive breakwater constructed by the 
United States. Tlie b. contains 2 churches, an academy, 
and bank with capital of $100,000. 

Southport, p. o., Marion co., Ind. : on the line of the 
Madison and Indianapolis 11.11., 6 m. S. from Indianapolis. 

SouTiu-oRT, t. and p. o., Ciienumg co., A'". 1*. .■ on S. W". 
and S. side of Chemung r., IGS m. W. S. W. Albany. Sur- 
face diversified, with very fertile soil. The Erie R. li. runs 
through the t. along the W.bank of (he Cliemung, and has 
a sta. at "Wellsburg, 276 miles from New York, and 193 m. 
from Dunkirk. Pop. in 1S40, 2,101 ; in 1S50, .3.1S4. 

South PiiAinrE, p. v., Boone county, Ifl. : 163 m. N. N. E. 
Springfield. 

South Prospect, p. o., Waldo co., Me. : on "W. side of 
Penobscot r., near its month, 51 m. E. by N. Augusta. 

South Pultney. p. o., Steuben co., iV. }'. ; on W. side of 
Crooked lake, ISO m. W. Albany. 

South Quay. p. v., Nansemond county, Vir{/. : on the E. 
bank of Blaekwater r., 73 m. S. S. E. Ricbniond. 

South Raymond, p. o., Rockingham county, K. II(tmp.: 
22 nL S. E. Concord. 

South Keapinc:, t., p. v.. and sla., Middlesex co.. Masts.: 
on the Boston and Maine R. K., 10 m. N. from Boston,«and 
by South Reading Branch K. R.. 9 m. W. from Salem. In- 
cnrporated from Reading in 1S12. The v. near Reading 
Pond is handsomely built, and contains 2 churches, with an 
academy. Many of its citizens transact their daily business 
in Boston. Pop. in 1S40, 1,517; in 1850. 2.4it7. 

South Reading, p. v., Windsor county, Ver>/i. : 57 m. S. 
Montpeher. 

SoiTTH Richland, p. o., Oswego county, N. Y. : 141 miles 
W. N. W. Albany. 

South Ridge, p. o., Ashtabula co., Ohio: 157 m. N. E. 
Columbus. 

South river, Anne Arundel county, Jf'i.: a large inlet of 
Chesapeake bay. which it enters at Thomas' Point, on 
which there is a lighthouse. Lat. 3^0 54' 25", long. 76^ 27' 34". 
Fixed light. 

South river, X. On: : rises in Cumberland county, flows 
9. S. E., and empties into Capo Fear river, 16 miles above 
Wilmington. 

South River, Middlesex co., X. Jer. 

South River, p. o., Anne Arundel co., Md.: on the river 
so called, S m. S. Annai'olis. 

South Rovalton, p. o. and sta., Worcester co., Ma/is. : 
on Miller's river, and the Vermont and Ma-^sacliusctls R. R., 
27 m. from Fitcblntrg. 29 m. from Greenfield, and by Filch- 
biirg R. R.. etc., 77 in. from Boston. 

South Royai.ton", p. o., ^Jiagara county, X. Y.: 256 m. 
W. by N. Allumy. 

809 



sou 



sou 



SoCTn EuTALTox, p. o. anj sta., Windsor CO., Verm. : on 
Vermont Central K. E., 32 m. from Windsor, and 125 miles 
from Rouse's Point, 31 m. S. by E. Montpelier. 

SocTu EuTLAi-D, p. o., Jeflcrson co., JV. Y. : 188 m. N.W. 
Albany. 

South Etegate, p. o., Caledonia co., Verm. : on Wells r., 
£2 m. E. by S. Muntpelier. 

South Saint Geokge, p. o., Lincoln county, Me. : 40 m. 
S. E. Augusta. 

SocTH Salem, p. v., Westchester co., A^ T.: on a. smaU 
branch of Croton r., 9S m. S. Albany. 
Soimi Salem, p. o., Eoss co., Ohio: 42 m. 8. Columbus. 
SoL'TH Sandwich, p. o., Barnstable co., i/iiss..- 54 m 
S. E. Boston. 

South Feankfokd, p. o., York co.. Me.; S3 m. S. W. 
Augusta. 

South Sanoeetille, p. o., Piscataquis co.. Me. : 63 m. 
N. E. Augusta. 

South ScnoDACE, p. v., Rensselaer co., IT. Y. ; 15 m. 
S. by E. Albany. 

South Scituate, t. and p. o., Plymouth co., Mass. : on 
the N. side of North r., IS m. S. E. Boston. This town was 
taken from Scituate. Drainedby branch of North rirer. A 
flourishing agricultural place. Pop. 1,770. 

South Scituate, p. v.. Providence co., H. I. : on the E. 
side of Pawiuxet r., 11 m. W. by S. Providence. A manufac- 
tory of collon warp here makes from 15 to 16 tons annually. 
SouTii Sebec, p. o., Piscataquis CO., Me. : on N. side of 
Piscataquis r., 72 m. N. E. Augusta. 

South Seekonk, p. v., Bristol CO., Mm«.: on a stream 
flowing into Providence bay, 43 m. S. W. Boston. 

South Suaftsbuet, p. v., Bennington co., Vei-m.: on 
Western Yerinont E. E., 49 m. from Eutland, and 100 m. 
6. S. W. Monlpelier. 

South Shenango, t. and p. o., Crawford co., Paui. : 200 m. 
N. W. Harrisburg. Drained by Sheliango cr. Surface un- 
dulating. It contains several workshops, mills, etc. 

South Shrewsbuet, p. v., Worcester co.. Muss.: 34 m 
W. by S. Boston. 
South Sipe, p. o., Eichmond co., Jf. Y.: 144 m. S. Albany. 
South Sonus, p. v., Wayne co., A'. Y. : 109 m. W. by N. 
Albany. 

South Solon, p. v., Somerset co.. Me. : 43 m. N. Augusta. 
It is surroun<led by a fine agricultural country. 

South Solo.v, p. o., Madison county, Ohio: 21 m. W. 
Columbus. 

South Stephentown, p. o., Eennselaer co.. A'. K ; 22 m. 
8. E. by £. Albany. 

South Steeli.xg, p. c, Waj-ne co., Penn. : 101 m. N. E. 
Ilarrishurg. 

SouTu Stoddard, p. o., Cheshire co., A^ ITamp. : 81 m. 
S. W. Concord. 

South Steai-foed, p. v.. Orange co., Vei-m. : on a branch 
of the Ompomponoosuc r., 82 m. S. E. Montpelier. Sulplmret 
of iron is found in the vicinity. 

South Tamwoeth, Carroll co., W. Ilamp. : on Bearcamp 
r., at the mouth of tlie Conway r., 4;3 m. N. E. by N. Concord. 
South Thomaston, t. and p. o., Lincoln Co., Me. : on tlie 
E. side of St. George's r., having Penobscot bay on the E., 
41 m. S. E. Augusta. A new town, taken from Thomaston, 
in 1*4S. It ia largely engaged in the ship-building and 
coasting tra<le. The celebrated peninsula of •■ Owl's Head'' 
is comprised in thet. It hasafine harbor, off which a light- 
house is located, in lat. 41° 03' 511", and long. C90 00' 00". 
Granite is abundant, and the quarrying anil Ijurriing of 
lime, from limestone found here, is carried on to a consider- 
able extent. Pop. 1,420. 

South Thompson, p. o., Geauga CO., Ohio: 131 m. N. E. 
Columbus. 

South Tuueston, p. o., Steuben co., N. Y. : 204 m. W. by S. 
Albany. 

South Teenton, p. o., Oneida co., K Y. : on the S. of 
Trenton Falls, So m. N. W. Albany. 
fclO 



South Union, p. v., Logan co., Ky. : on a tributarv of Big 
Barren r., 1.33 m. S. W. Frankfort. The inhabitants of this 
place are chiefly Shakers. They are divided into different 
families, each one having a separate house, with out-houses 
work-shops, etc., attached. Pop. 245. 

South Yallet, p. v., Otsego co., A^. }-. .• 82 m. W. Albany. 

South Vassalboeo', p. o., Kennebec county. Me. : 9 m 
N. E. Augusta. 

South Veenon, v. and sta., Windham eo.,Ferjn,; on the 
right bank of the Connecticut r., on the Connecticut Elver 
E. E., at its connection with the Vermont and Ma.ssachu- 
setts, the Ashuelot, and the Braltleboro' Branch of the Ver- 
mont Valley Eailroads, 50 m. N. .S|)ringfleld (Mass.) 19 m. 
W. by 8. Keene (A^. U.), and 109 m. S. by E. from Mont- 
pelier. 

BoutHviLLE, p. 0., Litchfleld co.. Conn. : 82 m. W bv S 

Hartford. '' ' 

Southvtlle, p. 0., Shelby CO., Ky. : 25 m.W. Frankfort 

SouTHviLLE, p. v., St. Lawrence co., N. Y. : on the E. side 

of St Eegis r., 153 m. N. W. Albany. 

South Walden, p. v., Caledonia co., Temu : 21 m. N. E. 
Monlpelier. 

South Wales, p. v., Erie co., K. Y. : 20 m. 8. E. Buffalo, 
and 254 m. W. from Albany. 

South Wallingfoed, p. o. and sta., Eutland co., Term. : 
on E. side of Otter cr., on the Western Vermont E. E., 13 m. 
S. Eutland, and 63 m. S. W. by S. Montpelier. 

South Walpole, p. v., Norfolk co., Mass.: on a branch 
of Naponset r., 21 m. S. W. Boston. 

South Wakeham, v. and sta., Plymouth co., Mass. : on 
the E. side of the Wewe.tntic river, on the Cape Cod Branch 
E. E., 50 m. S. E. by S. Boston. 

SouTUWAEK dist., Philadelphia co., Penn.: a suburb of 
the city of Philadelphia, from which it was separated in 
1762— is one and a quarter miles long, and the same in 
width. The streets, which are very straight, cross each 
other at right angles, and are well paved. The buildings, 
built chiefly of brick, are from 2 to 3 stories in height. It is 
lighted in most part with gas, and supplied with \vater from 
Schuylkill Water-works. The Navy Yard, several ship and 
boat yards, a marine railw.iy. and various manufactories are 
comprised in this district. There is also a lofty brick shotr 
tower. For capital invested in manufactures, etc., see 
Philadelphia. Pop. 8S,799. 

South Waeeen, p. o., Bradford county, Penn.: 110 m. 
N. by E. Ilarrishurg. 

South Waesaw, p. n., Wyoming CO., A' Y. : on the line 
of the Buffalo and New Tork City E. E., 47 m. E. by S. 
Buffalo, and 230 m. W. from Albany. 

South Wateefoed, p. v., Oxford county. Me. : 51 m. 
W. by S. Augusta. 

South Weaek, p. v., Hillsboro' co., N. ITamp. : 17 m. 
8. W. Concord. 

South Wellfleet, p. v., Barnstable co., Mass. : on an 
inlet of Wellfleet bay, 63 m. 8. E. Boston. Salt ia exten- 
sively manufactured in the vicinity, and the inhabitants are 
mostly engaged in the cod and mackerel fisheries. 

South Westerloo. p. v., Albany Co., A'i Y.: 19 ra. S. W. 
Albany. It contains several m.inu factories. 

Southwest IIakuoe, p. v., Hancock CO., 2fe.: on tJie E. 
of an inlet of Bass harbor, 72 m. E. Augusta. 

Southwest Osweqo, p. o., Oswego co.. A'. Y. : 152 m. 
N. W. Albany. 

South Westpoet, p. o., Bristol CO., Mass. : on the W. of 
Acoaksett r., 5S m. S. Boston. 

South Weymouth, p. o. and sla., Norfolk CO., Mass. : on 
the Old Colony li. E., 22 m. N. W. Plymouth, and 15 m. 
S. by E. Boston. 

South Whitehall, t and p. o., Lehigh co., Penn.: on 
the W. side of tlie Lehigh river, 76 m. E. N. E. Ilarriaburg. 
Drained by Jiirdan and Cedar creeks. Surface even ; soil 
fertile, and under good culture. It contains some manu 
factories, mills, workshops, etc. 



sou 



SPA 



South WmxLEY, p. o., Whitley co., liid. : on the W. side 
of Eel r., at its confluence with Spring cr., 95 m. N. by E. 
Indianapolis. 

SouTHwicK, t and p. v., Ilampdea co., Mass.: 93 m. 
S. "W. by "W. Boston. Drained by a branch of Weslfield r. 
Surface varied ; in parts elevated, with a good soil. The 
Slate line forms the S. boundary. Gunpowder and leather 
form its chief manufactures. The v. is centrally located. 
Top. of t. 1,1'20. 

South Wilbeaham, p. v., Hampden county, J/.i-ss. ; on 
Scanlic r., 73 m. S. "W. by "W. Boston. There is a manu- 
factory here employing 81 operatives, and manufacturing 
80,000 yards woolen goods annually. 

South Williamstown, p. v., Berkshire county, ^f(lss. : on 
Green river, W. of Saddle Mountain, 115 m. N. W. by W. 
Boston. 

South "Wtllington, v. and sta., Tolland co., Cwira. ; on 
the E. side of the Willimantic river, on the New London, 
■Wiliimantic, and Palmer U. il..4'2 m, N. by W. New Lou- 
don, and 21 m. E. by N. from Hartford. 

South Wilson, p. o., Niagara co., oV. T. : about 25 m. N. 
Buffalo, and 26S m. N. W. by W. Albany. 

South Windha-M, p. v.. Cumberland county, 3fe. : on N. 
side of Presunipscot r., 73 ra. S. W. Augusta. The Cum- 
berland and Oxford Canal passes along the river, opposite 
ihe village. 

South Windham, p. o., Windham co., Venn. : 79 m. S. 
Monipelier. 

South Windham, p. v. and sta.. Windham co., C<m?t. : 
on the Wiliimantic r.,and on the New London, Wiliimantic, 
and Palmer R. K., 26 m. N. New London, and 27 m. E. by S. 
from Hartford. 

South Windsor, t. and p. v., Hartford co.. Conn. : on the 
E. side of the Connecticut river, 5 in. N. by E. Hartford. 
Drained by several small streams flowing into the Counec- 
titul r. The v. is located near the banks of the river. Pop. 
of 1. 1,633. 

South Windsor, p. o., Kennebec county, Jlf. : 11 m. E. 
Augusta. 

South Wobuun, v., Middlesex co., Jfusa. : a pleasant vil- 
lage on the Boston and Lowell E- R., S m. N. by W. Boston. 
It is a place nmch resorted to, for a summer residence, by 
persons from the city. Various manufactures are carried on ; 
a stream passing the place, aflTords water-power. The 
Woburn Branch K. R., 2 m, in length, extcn<U hcnec to 
Woburn Centre. 

South Wolfborough, p. o., Carroll co., N^. /lamp. : 30 m. 
N. E. Concord. 

South Woodstock, p. v., Windsor co., Venn. : a neat 
and pleasant v., on a branch of Quechee river, 50 m. S. 
Montpelier. 

South Worckster. p. o., Olsego co., A\ Y. : on Charlotte 
r., 52 m. W. Albany. 

South Wuentuam, p. o., Norfolk county, Mu>*s.: 30 ro. 
S. by W. Boston. There is a manufactory here, employmg 
41 persons, and manufacturing SO,OiJO yards of woolen car- 
pets per annum. 

South YAUMOUTn. p. v.. Barnstable co., Mam. : on W. side 
of Bass r., near the Atlantic co.-ist. 07 m. S. E. Boston. II 
contains three ehurehes, and has extensive salt works. 

SowADABScooK fiver, Me. : rises by 3 branches in the 
towns of Stetson, Etna, and Carmel, the br.ineh iu Etna 
having its source in a pnnd : flows easlwardly in a circuitous 
course, and empties into the Penobscot r. at llampilon, 5 m. 
below Bangor. In its course it passes throus;li 2 poiuls in 
the towns r>f Hflrman and Hampden. The country through 
which this r. flows is varied, havinsr some good farming 
tracts, and a conslderaljle portion is well wooded. It has sev- 
eral falls, and there is a number of valuable mills ou its 
banks. 

SoxvTi.i.E. p. v., Monroe co., Penn.: at the junction of 
Tunkhanna cr. wiih Ihe Lehigh r.. S3 m. N. E. Harrisluirg. 

SpAFroKD, t. and p. v., Onondaga county, X. I'. ; Vi\ m. 



W. by N. Albany. It has (Hisco lake and its inlet on the E. 
and Skaneateles lake on the W. Surface hilly, and in parts 
broken ; soil various. The t. contains several mills and a 
tannery. Pop. of t. 1,903. 

Sp.u^ford Hollow^, p. o., Onondaga co., N. Y. : 135 m. 
W. by N. Albany. 

Spafford's lake, Cheshire co.. y. /{</mp. : a beautiful col- 
lection of water in the town of Chestt-rfiL-M. containing 526 
acres, and fed by springs at its bottom. Its w.^te^3 are clear 
and pure, its bed being a white 6and. There is an island iu 
this lake of acres. 

SpANisnnuRG, p. o., Mercer county, Vif(/. : 19G ra. W. 
Richmond. 

Spanish Prairir, p. v., Crawford co., 3/n.: S9 m S. E. 
Jefferson City. The Maumee Iron Works are located about 
5 m. S. of this place. 

Sparrow Swamp, p. o. and sta.. Darlington dist.. S. Cur. : 
on the Wilmington and Manchester R. R., 66 m. E. by N. 
Columbia. 

Sparta, p. v., and cap. Conecuh co., Al/i. : on Murder or. 
of Conecuh r., 109 m. S. W. Montgomery. It contains a 
court-house, jail, and U. S. land office. 

Sparta, p. o., Chickasaw county. Miss. : SI m. N. E. 
Jackson. 

Sparta, p. v., and cap. Hancock co., Ga.: on the divid- 
ing ground between the Great Ogechee and Oconee rivers, 
19 m. N. N. E. .Milledgevillc. It contains a court-house, 
jail, a female academy, etc. 

Sparta, p. v.. Randolph co., 12/. : on the line of the Illi- 
noistown and Massac K. R., 113 m. S. Springfit-ld. It is 
situated on the N. W. border of Flat Prairie, in an excellent 
agricultural district. Two newspapers are published weekly 
—the " Sparta Freeman"' (free soil) and the *' Sparta Regis- 
ter" (dem.) 

Sparta, p. o., Dearborn county, J?>'?. : 75 miles S. E. 
Indianapolis. 

Sparta, p. o., Bienville par.. La.: 103 m. N. W. Baton 
Rouge. 

Sparta, p. o., Hillsdale eo., Mic?i. : 5S m. S. Lansing. 

Sparta, p. v., and cap, Buchanan co.. Mo. : on the bead 
waters of Bee cr. of Platte r.. 157 m. N. W. Jeffrrson City, 
and contains a court-house, j:iil, and other pul)Iic buildings. 
The "Gazette" (dem.) and the "Adventurer" (whig) are 
both weekly issues. 

Sparta, p. v., Sussex co., 2^. Jet'. : on the Wallkill r., near 
its source. 56 m. N. by E. Trenton. It contains several mills 
and forges. Iron and zinc ores are found in the neigh- 
borhood. 

Sparta, t. and p. v., Livingston co., JIT Y. : 90? m. W. 
Albany. Drained by a small stream flowing N. into Hem- 
lock lake. Surface uneven ; soil fertile. The v. b in the 
N. part. The t. contains some light manufactures. Pop. 
of t. 1.3T2. 

Sparta, p. o,, Edgecomb co., A\ Ca7\ : on W. s.ide of Tar 
r., 65 m. E. Raleigh. 

Sparta, p. v., Morrow county, Ohio : .35 m. N. by E. 
Columbus. 

Sparta, p. v., Washinston co.. Penv.: on a tributary of 
the Monongahela r., 179 m. W. Harrisburg. 

Sparta, p. v., and cap. White ca. Tmn. : on Calf Killer 
cr., 75 m. E. S. E. Nashville ; and contains Ihe court-house, 
jail, other county buililings, a bank, etc. The " S. Times'* 
is a weekly (whig) issue. 

Sparta, p. c, Caroline county, nrrj. : 35 m. N. by E. 
Richmond. 

Sparta Centre, p. o., Kent co., Mich.: 60 m. W. N. W. 
Lansing. 

Spartanburg district, S. Car. Situate N. toward the W., 
and contains 1,030 .sq. in. Drained by Forest cr., Ennoreo, 
Tiger, and Pacolet rivers. Surface hilly ; soil fertile ; along 
the streams are some tracts of land proving very productive. 
Staples are cotton and Indian corn. Farms l.-V'iS; manuf. 
34; dwell. 8,1n>, and pop.— wh. 15,312, fr. col. 49, si. 8,0-59— 

8U 



SPA 



SPR 



total 26,400. OtpiUil : Spartanburg. Public Works : Union 
Bnd Spartanburg K, B. 

Spartanburo, p. v., Randolph co., Ind. : 72 m. E. by N. 
Indianapolis. 

SpARTANKOitG, p. v., and cap. Spartanburg dist, S. Oar.: 
at the terminus of the Union and 8piirlanburg R. R., SO ra. 
N. W. Columbia. It contains a court-house, jail, and other 
public buildings. The Woflftird O^IIege, a new institution, 
is located here. The " Spartan" is a weekly (dem.) iss^ue. 

Spartan SB CEG, p. o., Crawford co., Pejuu : 101 m. N. W. 
Harrisburg. 

SpARTAPOLis, p. c, Rockingham co., Tirg. : 101 m. N.W. 
Richmond. 

Speabs' Store, p. o., Union parish, La. : 109 m. N. W. 
Baton Rouge. 

Spears' Turnout, sta., Jefferson co., Oa. : on tlie Central 
(Georgia) R. R., 112 m. N. W. Savannah, and 49 m. K. by S. 
Milledgevilte. 

Speckled mountain, Oxford co.. Me: lies on the N. H. 
line, partly in the I. of Riley. Elevation 4,0U0 feet. 

-Speedsville, p. v., Tompkins co., y. Y.: on a tributary 
of the Susquehanna r., 134 m. S. W. by W. Albany. It 
contains several manufactories and a brick-yard. 

Speedwell, p. v., Barnwell dist., A Car.: on the E. side 
of Steel cr., N. of Savannah r., 6T m. S. by W. Columbia. 

Speedwell, p. o., Claiborne co., Tenn. : 159 m. E. by N. 
Nashville. Deposits of iron ore are found in the vicinity. 

Speedwell, p. o., Wytho co., Virg.: on Cripple cr., and 
on the S. W. boundary of the county, 211 m. AV. S. W. 
Richmond. 

Speek'6 La>'di>-g, p. 0., Shelby co., Ohio : 65 m.W. N.W. 
Columbus. 

Speersville, p. c, Fulton count}', Fenn. : SO miles S, 'W. 
Harrisburg. 

Speight's Bridge, p. v., Greene co., J^. Car. : on Mock- 
osin cr., 51 m. E. by S. Raleigh. 

Speif.'s TfRNouT, p. v., Jeffer^on county, Gti.: on the N. 
side of ■Williamson's Swamp cr, and on the Central Georgia 
R. R., 112 m. N. W. Savannah, and 49 m. E. by S. from 
Milledgeville. 

Spescee county, Ind. Situate S. toward the W., and 
contains 40S sq. m. Drained by Anderson's, Little Pigeon, 
Big Sandy, and Little Sandy creeks. Surface generally 
hilly, with exceptions of some level or undulating lands; 
soil a black loam, ami resting on a yellow clay mixed more 
or less with sand. The bottoms are extensive and thickly 
timbered. Coal is abuntlant. Farms 9SS; raanuf. 2S; 
dwell. 1,485, and pop.— wh. 8,615, fr. col. 1— total S,G16. 
Capital: Rockport. 

Spencer county, K{/. Situate N. toward tha W., and 
contains 125 sq. m. Drained by E. fork^)f Salt r. and its 
branches. Surface level : soil fertile, and in parts very pro- 
ductive. Chief articles for the markets, wheat, Indian corn, 
and tobacco. FarmsSTS ; mnnuf. IS ; dwell. SIO, and pop.— 
wb. 4.659, fr. col. 32, si. 2,151— total 6,S42. Capital: Tay- 
lorsville. 

Spencer, p. r., and cap. Owen co., Ijtd. : on the right 
bank of W. fork "White r. It contains a court-house, jail, 
and other public buildings, warehouses, mechanic shops, an 
oil mill, ropcwaik, copper and tin factory, and about 300 in- 
habitants. The country around is very fertile, and il« situa- 
tion is favorable to a rapid increase in size and importance. 

Spencer, t., p. v., and sta., Worcester en., Mass. : 43 m. 
W. by S. Boston. Surface uneven, rough, and elevated 950 
foot above tide-water in Boston harbor; soil fertile ; watered 
by branches of Chicopee r. The Western R. R. passes 
through its S. W. part, 62 m. from Boston, 13S m. from Al- 
bany. The town contains several grist and saw mills, and 3 
churches, of which 2 are in the v., near its centre. Pop. of 
L in 1S40, 1,604; in 1S50, 2,'i43. 

Spencer, p. o., Davidson co., N. Car. : 90 m. W. Raleigh. 

Spencer, I. and p. v., Tioga co., X. Y. : 146 m. W. S. W. 
Albany. Surface hilly ; soil gravelly loam. Drained by 
812 



Cattotong creek and its branches. The v. contains several 
mills, a tanner)', 2 churches, etc. Pop. of t. 1,7S2. 

Spencer, t. and p. o., Medina co., Ohio: 87 m. N. N. E. 
Columbus. Drained by the E. branch of Black r. Surface 
moderately uneven, with fertile soil. Centreville v. is on 
the S. side of the r. Pop. of 1. 1,836. 

Spencer, p. v., and cap. Van Buren co., Tenn. : on N. 
side of Laurel cr., 73 m. S. E. Nashville. It contains the 
court-house, jail, etc. 

Spencerport, p. V. and sta., Monroe co., N. Y. : on the 
Rochester. Lockport, and Niagara Falls R. R.. 10 m. W. 
from Rochester, and on the Eric Canal ; 213 m. W. by N. 
Albany. Pop. about 400. 

Spescersbitrg, p. v.. Pike co., Mo. : on the E. of a branch 
of Spencer cr., 68 m. N. N. E. Jefferson City. 

Spencertown, p. v., Columbia co., N. Y. : 27 m. S. S. E. 
Albany. Pop. about 250. 

Spkncervillk, p. v., De Kalb county, Ind.: on the right 
bank of the St. Joseph's river of the Maumee, 121 m. N. E. 
Indianapolis. 

Spencerville, p. o., Marengo county, Ala.: 100 m. W. 
Montgomery. 

Speonk, p. o., Suffolk CO., JV. Y. : 140 ra. 8. S. E. Albany. 

Sperryvtlle, p. v., Rappahannock county, Virg. : 87 m. 
N. N. W. Richmond. The Alleghany range is on the W. 
of the village. 

Spesutib island, Harford co., Md.: an island of consid- 
eraI)lo extent in the Chesapeake bay, about 6 m. S. of the 
confluence of Susquehanna r., and about a mile distant from 
the E. coast of the county. 

Spiceland. p. v., Henry co., Ind. : on a creek of Blue r. 
8" m. E. by N. Indianapolis. 

SpiNNEiiSTowN, p. v., Bucks county, Penn.: 83 m. E 
Harrisburg. 

Splung, p. v., Monroe county, 3ns8.: on a branch of 
Buttahatchee cr., 163 ra. N. E. Jackson. 

Spottedville, p. o., Stafford co., Virg.: CI m. N. by W. 
Richmond. 

Spottswood. p. V. and sta.. Middlesex c<'unty, ^V, Jer.: 
on Camden and Amlmy R. R., f)2 m. from Philadelphia, 
38 m. from New York, 22 m. N. E. Trentou. It contains 
2 churches, etc. 

Spottsvlvania county, Vtrff. Situate toward the N. E., 
and contains 403 sq. m. Drained by head branches of 
North Anna and Mattapony rivers. Surface generally un- 
even; soil fertile, well adapted to grazing. Chief products, 
wheat. Indian corn, tobacco, etc. The city of Fredericks- 
burg is in this co. Farms 429; manuf. 15; dwell. 1.416. and 
pop.— wh. 0,903, fr. col. 527, si. 7.481— total 14,911. Capital: 
Spottsylvania C. H. Public Works: Richmond, Frederick, 
and Potomac R. K. 

Spottsylvania C. H., p. v., and cap. Spottsylvania 
county, Vir(/. : on the Po river, tributary of Mattapony 
river, 44 m. N. by W. Richmond. It contains the court- 
house, etc. 

Sprout Spring, p. o,, Appomattox county, Virff. : 72 m. 
W. by S. Richmond. 

Spragce's Falls, p. o., Washington county, Me. : 131 m. 
E. N. E. Augusta. 

SpRAGtrE^^LLE, p. v., Jackson co., /'/. ; on the E. bank of 
Makoqueta r., 60 m. E. N. E. Iowa City. 

Spraker's Basin, p. v. and sta., Montgomery co., JVi Y.: 
on the Erie Canal, Mohawk r., and Utica and Schenectady 
R. R., 43 m. from Utica, 85 m.from Schenectady, and 53 m. 
by R. R. from Albany. 

Spread Eagle, p. v., Delaware co., Penn. : 81 m. E. by S. 
Harrisburg. 

Spread Oae, p. o., Jefferson county, Ga. .■ 54 m. E. 
Mille.Igeville. 

Spring, t. and p. v., Crawford co., Penn. : 205 m. N. W. 
Harrisburg. Drained by the cr. so called. Surface undu- 
lating and well wooded; soil of average fertility. It lias 
good water-power, and manufactures flour, leather, lumber, 



SPR 



SPR 



etc. The V. is on ihc Beaver and Erie Canal, 100 m. N. 
Beaver, near the Ohio line. Pop. of I. about 2,000. 

Spring, p. o., Henry coun^, Ga.: 61 m. W. by N. 
Milledgeville. 

8pitrsQ Arboe, t. and p. v., Jackson county. Jftc?!. : 35 m. 
S. Lansing. Drained by the Kalaniiizoo, and branch of 
Grand r. The v. is located on the site of an ancient Indian 
village, and in the midst of burr oak plains. Pop. of t. in 
l^io, "To; in 1^50, 1,075. 

Sprint, Bay, p. v., "Woodford co., ///. ; on the E. bank 
of Peoria lake of Illinois r., 69 ra. N. by E. Sprliigflchi. 
It is located in a swampy and not very fertile district. 

SpKiNaBOROUun, p. v., TiVarren co., Ohio: on tlie N. side 
of Spring creek of Miami r., 4 m. E. of the Miami Canal, 
and 70 m. S. W. Columbus. It contains several churehee— 
among which are two Friends' — with manufactories, stores, 
etc. The v. derives its name from a spring situate here* 
which moves several mills. 

Springborouqh, p. 0., White co., Tnd. : SD m. N. K. "W. 
Indianapolis. 

Spring Brook, p. o., Erie county, K. T. : 203 m. "W. 
Albany. 

Spring Brook, p. v., Jackson county, la. : 6o m. N. E. 
Iowa City. 

Spring Cottage, p. o., Marion county, Jfiss. : on E. side 
of Pearl r., 94 m. S. by E. Jackson. 

Spring Creek, p. v., M'Donough co., lU. : on a stream 
so called, 77 m. W. N. W. SpringfleUI. 

Spring Creek, t and p. o.. "Wiirren co., Perm.: 175 m. 
N. "\V. Harrisbiirg. Drained by Broken Straw cr. Surface 
much broken and rocky ; sod very inferior. There are 
deposits of iron in ttie vicinity. 

Spring Creek, p. o., Brunswick county, iV' Car. : 113 m. 
S. by E. Raleigh. 

Spring Creek, p. o., Cass county, Iiul.: G9 m. N. 
Indianapolis. 

Spring Creek, p. v., Madison co., Te?w. : near a fork of 
Deer r., 109 m. W. S. W. Nashville. 

Spring Creek, p. o., Eandulph co., Arl: : 121 m. N. N. E. 
Little Pock. 

Spring Creek, p. v., Greenbrier county, Tirg.: in a 
mountainous region, on Thunder Gap. cr., 109 m. W. by N. 
Richmond. 

Spring Creek, p. o., Berrien co., Mich. : 112 m.^W. S.'U'. 
Lansing. 

Spring Dale, p. v., Hamillon co., Ohio: near the Cin- 
cinnati, Hamilton, and Dayton P. P., 91 ni. S.W. Columbus. 

Spring Dale, p. v.. La Payette county. Miss. : 134 m. 
N. by E. Jackson. 

Spring Dale. p. o., Scott co„ Ki/. : 15 m. X. E. Frankfort. 

Spring Dale, p. o., Dane co., Wise. 

Spring FIELD, p. o., Greene co., Ala. : 3 m, "W. from Black 
"Warrior r., 100 m. W. N. "W, Montgomery. 

Springfield, p. v., and cap. Effingham co., Ga. : on a 
branch of Ebenezer cr., 13 m. "W. of the Savannah r., and 
126 m. E. S. E. MUledgeville. It contiiius a court-house, 
jail, etc. 

SpRiNGFiF-LP, p. v., and cap. Sangamon co., HL, and cap- 
ital of the Stale of Illinois : 4 in. S. from Sangamon r.,174nL 
S. "W. by S. Chicago. 84 m. N. N. E, St. Louis, ISC m. W. 
Indianapolis. Lat. 39° 4S' N., long. 89^ 33' w. I13 gite is a 
level plain, on the borders of a broad and beautiful prairie, 
which is adorned with fine groves and some of the best 
farms in the State. It was laid out in Feb., 1S22, according 
to a regular plan, with a public square in the centre, and 
wide streets crossing at right angles. The older portion 
of the v. was purchased at the land sales in Nov., 1S23, at 
which time it contained about 30 families, living in small 
log cabins. For several years its increase in populatinii. 
etc., was slow. In 1S87 the legislature selected it as the 
State capital after July 4th, 1S39, since wliich period it has 
been steadily increasing in business, weallh, and importance. : 
The surrounding counties are very fertile, and their pro- I 



ducts are brought here to market. The railroads now pass- 
ing through Springfield are — Great Western Central li. P., 
extending centrally across the State, from the E. to the W. 
boundary, of which the portion completed, viz., from Spring- 
field to Naples, 55 m., was formerly styled the Sangamon 
and Morgan P. K. ; and Chicago and Mississippi P. P., of 
which 13*2 m. (from Alton to Bloomington) will be com- 
pleted in July, 1S53, and the entire road will be completed 
to Chicago, 257 m., in the spring of 1S54. The Massac and 
Sangamon It. E., from Springfield to Metropolis, on the 
Ohio r., pas-sing through Vandulia, Salem, Frankfort, etc., 
is in construction. The capitol occupies the centre of the 
principal square, which has an area of 3 acrt-s. It is con- 
structed of hewn stone, 3 stories high, with handsome por- 
ticoes, and cost about $lsO,000. The v. also oDtains a court- 
house, U. S. land office, market-house, jail, 3 banks, several 
academies and other schools, with S churches, some of 
which are handsome ediflees. The v. has some manufac- 
tures, an iron foundry, etc. The newspapers published in 
ISoO were — "Illinois Journal" (whig), is-^ued daily, tri- 
weekly, and weekly ; '■ Illinois Stale Pegislt-r" (dem.), daily 
and weekly ; and '• Illinois Organ" (temp.), weekly. Pop. 
in 1S40, 2,579; in lS50, 4.5*J. 

Springfield, p. v., Fr;inklin co., InO.: near the source 
of Ped Cedar Grove cr., 00 m. E. by S. Indianapolis. 

Springfield, p. v., Keukuk county, la.: on a branch of 
Skunk r., 47 ra. 3. W. Iowa City. 

Springfield, p. o., Pichraond co., N. Car'.: 71 m. S. "W. 
Paleigh. 

Springfield, p. v., and cap. TTashingfon co., Ky. : 39 m. 
S. by W. Frankfort. It contains a court-house, jail. etc. In 
the vicinity are several Catholic institutions— Dominican 
Convent of St. Pose, established 1S06, with 6 priests and 23 
religious; Si. Catharine's Female Convent, founded 1S22, 
having 26 members ; and a female academy with more than 
lUO pupils. 

Springfield, p. v., and cap. Livingston par.. La. : on 
Notalbaney cr., a branch of Tickfaw r., 39 m. E. Baton 
Rouge. It contains a court-house, jail, etc. 

Springfield, t. and p. o., Penobscot co., M-.: IIG ra. 
N. E. by N. Augusta. Drained by branches of Mattawam- 
keag r., which afford «ater-powcr. Pop, 5S3. 

Springfield, t., p. city, and cap. Hampden co,, Mass. : on 
E. side of Connecticut r., 81 m. \V. by S. Boston; by rail- 
road 93 m. from Boston, 102 m. from Albany, 13S m. from 
New York. Lat. (Court-house) 42=' G(J'04" N.. long. 73° 35' 
45" W. Its site along the ^i^ er is a rich alluvial plain, back 
of which the ground rises gradually to a consirlerable ele- 
vation, called Armory llill, terminating in a plain which 
exl(*nds E. for several miles. Its general appearance is 
very beautiful, and it is surrounded by delightful scenery. 
The houses are grncraHy well built, and many are elegant. 
The streets are generally paved, and the city is lighted with 
gas. The business part of the city is chiefly on and adjoin- 
ing Main Street, which runs parallel with the river at some 
distance from it, is between 2 and 3 m. long, quite broad, 
and generally intersected at right angles by cross streets, 
and contains many handsome buildings, with llie principal 
h'trls and railroad station-house. From tlie position of 
SpringfieUi, and ils great railroad connections, it has be- 
come one of the greatest inland thoroughfares of travel in 
the Union. Four railroads here connect at the centra! de- 
pot from the four cardinal points, viz. : Western P. P., from 
Worcester 54 m. and from Albany 102 m. ; New Haven, 
Hartford, and Springllehi P. P., 20 m. from Hartford and 
G2 m. from New Haven ; Connecticut Piver P. P., 17 m. from 
Northampton and 50 m. from South Vernon. The great 
number of trains arriving and departing daily render the 
vicinity of this dep6t strikingly interesting to the passing 
traveler. The hotels of ibe city Ci*tablished to accommodatP 
the traveling public are numerous, of which several arc of 
gnat repute. The city contains a court-house, jail, and 12 
cliurches, some of which are handsome edifices. These are 

813 



SPR 



-t Congregational, 1 Baplist, 1 Episcopal, 2 Melhodist, 1 
(Jnilarian, 1 Catholic, 1 Univci^alisl, 1 African. The prin- 
cipal cemetery is beautifully laid out and adorned. There 
are 5 b.inks, with an aggregate capital of $1,150,000, and 2 
institutions for savings. The manufactures of the city are 
of considerable importance. There is a large mannfactory 
of cars, locomotives, railroad machinery, steam-engines etc ■ 
also several factories of sheetings, satinets, etc. -also 1 pis.' 
tol factory. The "Springfield Eepublican" (whig) and 

Hampden Post- (dem.), publish each daily and weekly 
editions. •' 

The U. S. Armory located here is situated on Armorj- 
n,ll, about one-half mile E. of Main Street. The buildings 
are of bnck, handsomely arranged around a square, prt 
sentmg a fine appearance. From 12,000 to 16,000 muskets 
are manufactured annually. The arsenal, a very large brick 
budding 4 stories high, contains about 176,000 musket<i 
Some of the machine shops are located on Mill r., in the 
S. E. part of the t, and comprise 5 shops, with IS water- 
wheels, 10 trip hammers, and 30 forges. The whole estab- 
ishment employs from 250 to 30O workmen, and has con- 
tributed very much to the prosperity of the city 

Spriiigiield was setUed in 1C85, then called by its Indi.in 
name Agawam; it received its present name in 1640 and 
was mcorporated in me, and received its city charier May 
«Dth lSo2. In 17S6, during Shay's rebellion, it was in part 
he theatre of his movements. Since the construction of 
the railroads which now so closely connect it with other im- 
portant cities, it has rapidly increased in population, wealth 
and importance. Pop. in ISIO, 2,76T; in 1S20, 3 914- in 
1S.30, 6,784 ; in 1S40, 10,985. When the census of l4o 'wis 
taken, It was a much larger township than at present then 
comprising also Chicnpee Falls, Cabotville, WUlimanselt 
etc., now embraced in Chicopee township, the population 
Of Which With that Of Springfield in IsSo, amounted to 
^1,00.. The separate population of Springfleld t, in 1S50 
and as at present constituted, was 11,706. ' 

Spp.raariELD, t and p. o., Oakland co., 3fic7,. • 51 m E 
iansing. Drained by a part of the head waters of Shia^ 
wassee r. Surface level, and well wooded. Pop 156 

SPEiNGFmLD, p. v., and cap. Greene Co., 3fn ■ on Wil 
son's cr. of James r., Ifi9 m. S. W. JelTerson City. It con- 
tains a court-house, jail, IT. 8. land olBce, etc. The countrv 
round about is hilly, with good timber lands. There are 
two w-eekly issues, the "Springfleld Advertiser" and the 
fcoulh Western Flag" (both democratic). Pop 416 
SreiN-oriELD, t. and p. o., Sullivan co., M. JTamp. : 81 m 
^. W. by N. Concord. It occupies the heiglit of land be- 
tween Connecticut and Merrimac rivers, and is drained bv 
streams flowing into each. It has a rough surface, and fen- 
tams several c< .nsiderable ponds. Organized with its pres- 
ent name m 1794. Pop. 1,070 

SPBiNGKiju,, ,. and p. ;:, Essex county, JV: J,,-.: 42 m. 
N. K by N. Trenton. Bounded E. by Eahwav r. and W 
by Passaic r. The v. on Pahway r. is noted l^or its pap ; 
ae tones. Through iu N. part, called Millville, the Morri 
and issex Eat. passes, 10 m, from Newark, 19 m. from 
JSew Tork. Summit is another sta. in the t., 3 m Vf Mill 
Vllle. Pop. of t. in 1S40, 1,651 ; in 1S50, 1,945. 

SPRns-GFiELU, t. and p. o., Otsego comity, M r.: 59 m 
W. by N. Albany. Surface elevated and hilly. The N end 
of Otsego lake extends to its centre. It contains numerous 
saw-mills, 8 tanneries, a furnace, woolen factory, and sev- 
eral fulling and grist mills. Pop. 2,322. 

SpRixcriELD, p. v., and cap. Limestone counlv, Tsr ■ on 
N. E. bank of Navaaota r., 119 m. N. E. by N. Austin City 
Speingfield, t., p. city, and cap. Clark co., Ohio: on S 
side of E. fork of Mad r., 4,3 m. W. by S. Columbus. It lias 
|rcat water-power, well improved by a variety of mills and 
lianuracturing establishments. It contains a handsome 
court-house, and other county buildings, 2 banks (one is a 
branch of the Slate Bank), several academies, and 7 church- 
es. Newspapers in 1850: "Eepublic" (whig), tri-weekly 



SPR 



and w-eekly ; and 3 other weeklies, " Gospel Herald," " DIs- 
met Expositor" (dem.), and "Mad Elver Gazette" (whig). 
Here are located the Witteuberg College, and Theological 
^emmary, both founded in 1^5. In 1S50 the college had T 
mslructors, 87 studenU, and 4,500 volumes in library ; while 
the Theological School had 2 professors and 8 students. 
Several important lines of railroad pass through the city, 
VIZ., Mad Eiver and Lake Erie E. E., 134 m. from Sandus- 
ky, and 24 m from Dayton, 84 m. from Cincinnati : Little 
Miam, E. E., from Cincinnati, S4 m. ; Springfleld, Mount 
Ternon, and Pittsburg E. E., in construction to Loudonville 
on the Ohio and Pennsylvania E. E., 115 m • and the 
Springfleld and Columbus E. E., 19} m. to connection at 
London with Columbus and Xenia E. E., 43 m. to Colum- 
bus-all of which have connections with other principal 
railroads. Pop. of city in 1840 (then a village), 2,062 • in 
ISoO, 5,10s. Pop. of t. in 1S40, 2,849; In 1850 (including 
city), 7,-314. * 

Spkingfield, t. and p. o., Bradford co., Penn. : 107 m. N. 
Harrisburg. Drained by Bently, and branch of Sugar cr.' 
Surface mountainous; soil highly productive. The 'Will- 
iamsport and Elmira E. E. passes near the town. 

Speingfield, p. v., and cap, Robertson co., Teim. ■ on 
Sulphur fork of Eed r., 24 m. N. by W. Nashville. It con- 
tains the court-house and other public buildings. 

SpEtNGFiELD, p. v., Hampshire co., Virff.!' on the right 
bank of the South branch Potomac river, 145 m. N. N. W. 
Eichmond. 

Speingfield, sta., Fairfax co., Tlrff. : on the Orange .-md 
Alexandria E. E., 7 m. W. Alexandria, and 85 m. N. 
Richmond. 

Speingfield, t. and p. v., Windsor co., Verm. ■ on W 
side of Connecticut r, 70 m. S. by E. Montpelier Black r' 
flows through it from the N. W., and has an important fall^ 
4 m. from its mouth, near the principal v., afl-ording oreat 
water-power, and improved by numerous fulling, gristrand 
saw mills, also woolen and cotton factories. Pop. of t 2 76'> 
Speiugfieli), v., Sutter co., Call/.: on the left bank of 
Sacramento r., at the mouth of Feather r., opposite Fre- 
mont, and 66 m. N. E. Tallejo. 

Spp.rsGFiELD Centre, p. 0., Otsego county, if K ■ 60 m 
W. by N. Albany. 

SPEISGFIE1.D Ceoss Eo-ins, p, o., Erie co., Penn. .• 213 m 
N. W. Harrisburg. The Cleveland and Erie E. E. p.asses 
through Springfleld t. and sta , 75 m. from Cleveland, 20 m. 
from Erie. 

Spp.rs-GPiELD FtTRSACE, p. 0., Blair connty, Pain,: 80 m. 
W. by N. Harrisburg. It contains afurnace with an annual 
capacity of 1,820 tons. 

Speixgfield M1L1.S, p. o.. Noble county, Tml. : on the N 
side of Elkhart r,, 121 m. N. N. E. Indianapolis. ? 

Speikg Foege. p. o., York county, Penn. : 25 m. 9. 
Harrisburg. It contains a forge which, in 1S50, produced 
223 tons bars. 

Speixg Foee, p. o., Pettis eo., Mo. : on a stream so called 
60 m. W. Jefferson City. ' 

Speisq Gaeden, P.O., Cherokee county, Ala.: 13S m. 
N. N. E. Montgomery. 

Sprixs GAEDE.V, p. o., Jcfl-crsoo CO., IU. : 118 m. S S K 
Springfleld. 

SpRr.s-o Gaeoen, p. district, Philadelphia CO., Penn ■ an 
integral part of the city of Philadelphia, though incorporated 
under separate cliarter, and governed bv a' board of com- 
missioners. See PuiLADEipiiiA, for statistics of its popula- 
tion, manufactures, water-works, etc. 

Speixg Gaedex, p. v., Pittsylvania co., Virg. ; on N. side 
of Birch cr., 116 m. S.W. by Vf. Eichmond. 

Speln-g Geove, p. o., Warren county, IU. : 105 m N W 
Springfleld. 

Spuing Gaora. station, Hamilton county, 0/iio : on the 
Cincinnati, Ilamillon, and Dayton E. E., 7 m. N. CincinnaU, 
and 101 m. W. S. W. Columbus. 

SpKiNO Grove, I and p. v., Greene co., Wise. : 37 m. S 



SPR 



SPR 



Madison. Drained by a branch of Rock r. Surface level ; 
soilricb, with some prairie and good pasturage. The v. is 
in S. part. Pop. of t. 703. 

SpRiNa Geove, p. o., Eowau co., iV' Car. ; 97 m. W. 
Ealeigb. 

Spring Grove, p. o., Linn co., la. : 27 m. N. Iowa Cily. 

Spkinq Gkove, p. v., Laureua district, /S. Car. : N. of 
Saluda r.. 55 m. W. by N. Columbia. 

Spring IIill, p. c, Marengo county, Ala.: 91 m.W. 
Montgomery. 

Spring IIill, v., Mobile co., Ala. : situated a lillle S. "W". 
of the city of Mobile, ia a favorite summer resort of its cit- 
izena. Here is located Spring Hill College (Catholic), 
founded in 1S30, which in 1S50 had 12 professors and 70 
students, with 4,000 volumes in its library. There is also an 
ecclesiastical seminary. 

Spring Hill, p. v., Hempstead co., Ai-k.: on a fork of 
Bois d'Arc, lOS ra. S. W. Little Kock. 

Spring Hill, p. v., Decatur county, Ind.: on a branch of 
Clifly cr., 45 m. S. E. Indianapolis. 

Spring Hill, p. v., Whitesides co., JIL : on the S. bound- 
ary line of the co., 125 ra. N. Springfleld. 

Spring Hill, p. o., Livingston co.. Mo. : 109 m. N. "W. 
Jefferson City. 

Spring Hill, p. o., Tippah co., Miss.: ISl m. K N. E. 
Jackson. 

Spring Hill, p. v., Maury county, Tenn. : 27 miles S. 
Nashville. The New Orleans and Nashville E. E. will pass 
through it. 

Spring Hill, p. o., Navarro co., TkP. ; 153 m. N. E. by N. 
Austin City. 

Spring Hill Furnace, p. o., Fayette co., Penn, : 15S m. 
"W". S. "W". Harrisburg. A steam and water-power furnace in 
the vicinity lias an annual capacity of 1,100 tons. 

Spring Hili^, p. o., Champaigne county, Ohio: 42 miles 
"W. by N. Columbus. 

Spring House, p. o., Montgomery co., Penn. : on a trib- 
utary of the Schuylkill r., SG m. E. Harrisburg. 

Spring House, p. o., Grainger county, Tenn.: 179 m. E. 
Nashville. 

Spring Lake, p. c, "Williams co., Ohio: 133 m. N. "W. 
Columbus. 

Spring Lake, t, Ottawa co., Mich.: on Lake Michigan, 
86 m. "W. by N. Lansing. It contains 5 steam saw mills, 
producing to the value of $lii0,900 annually. Pop. 545. 

Spring Mill, sta., Eichland co., Ohio : on the Sandusky, 
Mansfield, and Newark E. R., 51 m. from Sandusky, 65 m. 
from Newark. 

SpRtN-G Mills, p. c, Lawrence co., Tnd.: 71 m. S. by "W. 
Indianapolis, 

Spring Mills, p. o., Allegany co., iV! Y. : 224 m. W. by S. 
Albany. 

Spring Milis, p. v., Centre county, Penn. : on a fork of 
Penn's cr., near Brush mt, 54 m. N. "W. Harrisburg. 

Spring Mills, eta., Montgomery co., Penn.: on the left 
bank of the Schuylkill river, and on the Philaiielphia, Ger- 
mantown, and Norristown K. E., 12 m. N. W. Philadelphia, 
and S2 E. by S. Harrisburg. 

Spring Place, p. v., and cap. Murray co., Ga. : about 
S m. E. of Cnnnesauga cr.. and 162 m. N. W. Milledgeville. 
It was at one time a missionary station among the Cher- 
okees, and now contains the county court-house, jail, and 
other public offices, etc. 

Spring Place, p. v., Marshall county, Tenn. : 141 miles S. 
Nashville. 

SpRiNQPORT, t and p. o., Jackson county, Mich. : 25 m. S. 
Lansing. Drained by a branch of Grand r. Surface undu- 
lating ; soil, rich sandy loam, with good timber lauds. Pop. 
inlS40, 294; in 1850,759. 

Springport, p. T., Panola county, Miss.: 137 mUes N. 
Jackson. 

Spring Prairie, t. and p. c, "Walworth co., Wise. : 59 m. 
8. E. Madison. Drained by Honey creek aud branches. 



The v. ia ou the Milwaubic and Elkhorn plank road. Pop, 
of 1. 1,344. 

Spring RincE, p. o., Hinds co., Miss. : "W. Jackson. 

Spring River, p. v., Lawrence co., Mo.: on a branch of 
the stream so called, 134 m. S. W. Jefferson City. 

Spfjng Eock. p. v., Clinton county, 7(7. ; on Potain creek, 
and on the line of the proposed ro ite of the Damauche and 
Iowa City E. E., 35 m. K. by N. Iowa Cily. 

Spring Eook, p. v., York dist., S. Cir.: on E. side of 
Fishing cr., 55 m. N. Columbia. The Charlotte and South 
Carolina E. E. passes near the village. 

Spring Eun, p. o., Franklin county, Penn.: 53 m. S. "W. 
Harrisburg. 

Springs, p. o., Suffolk co., K Y. : 145 m. S. E. Albany. 

Speingtown, p. v., Hendricks co., Ind. : on Mill or., 25 m. 
W. by S. Indianapolis. The Terre Haute and Eichmond 
E. R. passes S. of this place. 

SpRiNGTOwN, V. and sta., "Warren co., JV! Jer. : on the 
New Jersey Central E. E., 68 m. Vf. from New York city, 
aud 115 m. N. W.Trenton. 

Springtown, p. v., Bucks county, Penn. : 84 m. E. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Springtown, p. o., Polk co., Toim. ; near Focco r., 41 m. 
S. E. Nashville. 

Springtown, p. o., Oxford co.. Me. : 49 m. "W. Augusta. 

Spr.iNGVALE, p. v., York co.. Me. : on a fork of Mousam 
r., 82 m. S. W. Augusta. 

Springvale, p. o., Jefferson county, Temi. : 137 m. E. 
Nashville. 

Springvale, p. o., Sampson co., A'; Car. : 49 m. S. S. E. 
Ealeigh. 

Springvale, P.O., Fairfax CO., Tlrff.: 90 m.N. Eichmond. 

Springvale, t. and p. o.. Fond du Lac, Wise: 61 m. 
N. N. E. Madison. Drained by several smalt streams. Soil 
excellent, and limber abundant. Pop. 5SS. 

Spring Vallev. p. v. and sta., Greene co., Ohio : on the 
E. side of Little Miami r., and on the Little Miami Branch 
of Cleveland, Columbus, and Cincinnati E. R., 5Sm. N. E. 
Cincinnati, and 62 m. S. W. Columbus. 

Spring Valley, p. o. and sta., Eockland oo.. A' Y. : on 
the New York and Erie E. R., 11^ m. "W. Piermont, and 
105 m. S. by W. from Albany. 

Spring Vallev, p. o., Bergen co., A'l Jer. : 62 m. N. E- 
Trenton. 

Spring Vallt;t, p. v., Marion co., Ind. : on the "W. side 
of the West fork of White r., 9 m. S, Indianapolis. 

Spring Valley, t. and p. o., Eock co., Wise. : 31 m. S. 
Madison. Drained by a branch of Sugar r.. furnishing good 
water-power. It is a good agricultural town, embracing 
som'e of the best prairie land iu the State. Pop. 766. 

Springtille, p. v., St. Clair county, Ala. : 99 m. N. 
Montgomery. 

Springville. p. v. Coles CO., 7?^. .* 6m.E. Chicago Branch 
of Illinois Cenlral E. E., and 75 ni. E. S. E, Sprioiifield. 

Springville, p. v., Crawford co., Wise. : on a branch of 
Coosa r., 99 m. N. Monlg(»niery. 

Springville, p. v., Lawrence co., Ind.: 61 m. S. S. W. 
Indianapolis. There is a small spring in this place, from 
which it derives its name. This pleasant village was first 
settled in 1S16, and it now contains about 250 inliabitanta. 

Springville, p o., Liim co., Ja. : 21 m. N. Iowa City. 

Springville, p. v., Greenup co., Ay. ; on the Ohio r., at 
the mouth of Tygert cr., and opposite to Portsmouth, 111 m. 
above Newport, 114 m. E. by N. Frankfort. It contains a 
foundry, several manutaetories, etc. Beds of iron ore of 
superior quality abouuil in the vicinity. 

Springville, p. v., Lenawee co., Mich,: 55 m. S. S. E. 
Lansing. 

Speingvllle, p. v., Erie co.. A". Y. : on Spring cr., 260 m, 
W. by S. Albany. Water-power is derived from a spring 
which rises in the neighborhood. Tliere are in the v. an 
academy, several manufactories, a tannery, and furnace. 
The*'S. Herald" (whig) is published weekly. 

815 



SPR 



STA 



Sprinqvtixe, t. and p. v., Susquehanna county, Penn,: 
108 m. N. N. E. Harrisburg. Drainei,! by a number of small 
Btrcams. tributaries o[ the Susquehanna r. Surface hilly; 
soil fcrlilo. It contains an academy and several manufac- 
tories. The V. is centrally situate. 

SmiNOViLLK, p. v., Utah co., UUih Ter.: 90 ra. N. N. E. 
rillmore City. It contains a prist mill, a saw mill, aiul a 
Bchnol, in which the German and French languages are 
taught. More than 130 fainiles are located here. 

SpRtNGWATER. t. and p. v., Livingston co., K. Y. : 200 m. 
W. Albany. Drained by Iho inlet of Hemlock lake on the 
N., and tlie head-waters of ConhoctQU r. in the E. Surface 
uneven, and in parts broken; soil adapted to grazing. It 
contains several maimfactories and tanneries. The v. is 
located on the Buffalo, Corning, and New York K. K., 53 m. 
N. W. Corning. Pop. of t. 2,070. 

Sprout Bp.ook, p. o., Montgomery co., JV; Y.: 40 m. 
N. W. Albany. 

Sprout Creek, p. o., Duchess co., if. Y. : on a stream so 
called, 74 m. S. Albany. 

Spritce. p. v., Vernon co., Mo. : on the S. aide of Deep 
Water cr., 105 m. W. by S. Jefferson City. 

Spruce Creek, p. o. and sta., Huntingdon county, Penn. : 
on the Eastern Division of the Pennsjlvania Railroad, 
111 m. W. Harrisburg. There is in the vicinity a furnace, 
with an annua! capacity of 1,400 tons, and a bloomery forge, 
the products of whicli, in 1S50, was 305 tons. 

Spruce Geove, p. o., Monroe co., Perm.: 95 ra. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Spruce Hill, p. o., Juniata county, Perm. : 85 m. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Spruce Hill, p. o., Highland co., Virg. : 131 m. N. W. 
Eiohmond. 

Spruce hill, Plj-mouth county, Mass. : an elevation in the 
township of liridgewater; height, 2,53S feet. 

Spur Track, sta., Cheshire county, iV. ITamp. : on the 
Cheshire Pv. E., 43 m. N. W. Fitchburg (Mass.), and 40 S.AV. 
Concord. 

Sputten Tutttl, sta., "Westchester county. K. Y. : on a 
stream so called, and on the Hudson River K. R., 12 ra. N. 
from New York Cily Hall, and 13S S. Albany. 

Sqitam lake, N. Bamp. This large sheet of water lies on 
the bordiTS of Holderness, Sandwich, Moultonboro', and 
Centre Harbor. It is 6 m. in length, .and its greatest width 
ia 6 m., and covers a surface of between G,00n and 7,000 
acres, contains numerous islands, and is well slocked with 
Osh. It is 36 m. N. from Concord, and but a short distance 
from the celebrated " Centre House," at Centre Harbor. 

Squam Village, p. v., Monmouth co., -V. Ji'r. : on the S. 
side of Wreck Pond inlet, 3^ m. E. by S. Trenton. 

SiiUANKi'M, p. v., Monmouth co., N. Jer.: on 8. side of 
Manasquan r., 32 m. E. by S. Trenton. It is surmuufied by 
a pine forest, and contains a Friends' church and several 
mills. ' 

SQFANTim Road, sta., Norfolk county, Ma%s. : on the Old 
Colony R. R., 6 m. S. Boston. 

Square Pond, p. v., Tolland co.. Conn. : on the W. of a 
body of water so called, 21 m. N. E. Concord. The pond is 
situated on the S. line of Stafford township, with an outlet 
flowing N. into Williraantic river. 

Squatterville, v., Contra Costa co., Calif. : 25 m. S. by E. 
Vallejo. Sulphur springs in the vicinity. 

Squawbettt, p. o., Bristol county, Mass. : 50 m. S. by W. 
Boston. 

Staatsburo. p. V. and sta., Duchess co., N.Y. : near the 
Hndson r., on the Hudson River E. E., 65 m. N. New York 
city, and 60 S. from Albany. 

Stafford county, Jlrg. Situate N. E., and contains 297 
sq. m. Drained by Aquia and Potomac creeks, small trib- 
utaries of Potomac r. Surface level ; soil fertile, and adapt- 
ed to grain, etc. Chief products, Indian corn and cotton, t(V 
bacco, etc. Farms 360, manuf. 14, dwell. 922, and pop.— 
•wh. 4,415. fr. col. 31S, si. 3,311— total 8,044. Capital : Fal- 
810 



mouth. Public Win'ks: Eichmond, Frederick, and Polo- 
mac R. R. 

Stafford, t., p. v., and sta., Tolland co., Conn. : 25 m. 
N. K. Hartford. Furnace r. and Willimantic uniting in this 
t, and Roaring Branch, afford good water-power. Surface 
rough, and in parts mountainous, with a very inferior soil. 
The U contains several minerals, but bog-irtm ore is its 
principal, and is extensively manufactured. There are sev- 
eral furnaces, forges, tanneries, etc. The manufactures con- 
sist of pistols, carpenters' tools, tailors' shear*, and other 
articles of cutlery, cotton and woolen, machinery, cabinet- 
ware, and wrought iron. In 1779 a blast furnace was erect- 
ed here, and cannon-shot, hollow-ware, etc., were cast. 
There are also manufactories of woolen goods, employing 
S7 hands, and manufacturing 269.000 yards satinet anil sat- 
inet warps annually; capital $76,000. The v. is situated 
on an elevated plain, with a large square in the centre, and 
contains several churches. The sta. is on the New London, 
Willimantic, and Palmer R. K., 50 m. N. W. by N. New 
London. There are two celebrated springs in the S. part 
of the town. {Se& Stafffokd Springs.) Population of 
t. 2.941. 

Stafford, t. and p. v., Genesee county, 2^. Y. : 22S m. 
W. by N. Albany, Dr.auied by Allen and Black creeks. 
Surface even ; soil fertile. The water-power is good, and 
there are several manufactories of woolen gooils, leather, 
etc. The v. is on the line of the Canandaigua and Niagara 
Falls R. R., and contains several churches. The Buffalo 
and Rochester E. R. passes through the N. part of the town. 
Pop. oft. 1,973. 

Stafford, p. o., Monroe county, Ohio: 107 m. E. by S, 
Columbus. 

Stafford C. H., p. v., and cap. Stafford co., Tlrg. : on 
the S. W. side of Acquia cr. of Potomac r., 75 m. N. Rich- 
mond. It contains, besides the court-house, a jail and other 
county buildings. 

Stafford Springs, p. v., Tolland co., Conn. : 27 m. N. E. 
Hartford. There are two springs hereof different qualities, 
the existence of which was first made known to the early 
inhabitants by the Indians, and recommended as eye-water, 
but gave as their reason for drinking it, that it *' enlivened 
their spirits." One of these spring, and which has been 
longest kno^vn, on a branch of the Willimantic r., contains 
a solution of iron, sustained by carbonic acid gas ; a portion 
of marine salt; some earthy substances, and an element 
called natron or native alkali. This spring has been pro- 
nounced by chemists to be one of the most efBcacious of the 
chalybeate springs in the United States. The other spring, 
a little W. of the other, as analyzed by Professor Siili- 
man, contains hydrogen gas and sulphur in large propor- 
tions, and a small proportion of iron. There is a commo- 
dious hotel licre, and it is much resorted to by invalids and 
others, the former deriving beneficial results from the use of 
these waters. The situation Is one of many attractions. Tho 
New London, Willimantic, and Palmer R. R. passing near, 
and connecting at the latter place with the Western R. R., 
gives easy access from Boston, New York, and other places 
through New England. There are 2 manufactories here f-ir 
the manufactiu-e of woolen goods, employing 67 operatives ; 
cap. $64,000. 

Stafford VTLLE, p. o., Tolland co,, Conn. : 26 m. N. E. 
Hartford. 

Stagville, p. v.. Orange co., K. Car. : on W. side of Fl.it 
r., 35 m. N. W. Raleigh. 

Staiilstown, p. o., Westmoreland co., Penn. : 131 m. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Stairway Brook, v. and sta., Pike co., Penn. : on the 9. 
of Delaware r,. and on tlie New York and Erie R. E., S\ m. 
W. from Delaware village. 07 N. W. New York city, and 
132 N. E. Harrisburg. It has a richly-wooded hill near il. 
around the base of which the Delaware and Hudson Canal 
curves. 
Stamford, I., p. v., and sta., Fairfield co., Conn.: 67 m. 



STA 



STA 



S. "W. Ilariford. Boiiniled on tbe S. by Long Island Sound. 
Draint'd by Mill and Miannus rivers. Surface utidulating ; 
soil fertile. Between Sbippins: and Greenwich points are 
good harbors for vessels of Si feet draught of water. There 
are several vessels owned here, an<I an active trade is car- 
ried on with the surrounding country and New York. It is 
well supplied with mill-sites by Mill and Miannus rivers- 
and there are several manufaclories, lumber yards, etc. The 
b. !8 located near the mouth of Mil! r., on the New Tort 
and New Haven U. R., 86 ra. E. by N. New York, and 40 
W. from New Haven, and contains several churches, a 
bank, cap. $(»O,0iil». several foun^iries. a wire factory, print- 
ing offices, etc The " Advocate" is a weekly (whig) issue. 
Pop. (if t. 5,il()4. 

STAiiFORD. t. and p. v., Delaware co., N'. Y. : 50 m. S. W. 
Albany. Drained by the head waters of the Mohawk or 
"West Branch of the Delaware r. Surface uneven ; soil of 
average ferlHily. It contains several manufactories of woolen 
goods. leather, etc. The v. contains several mechanic shops, 
st^ires. etc., and is a pk-asam place. Pop. of 1. 1,703. 

Stamford, t. and p. v., Bennington co., Verm. : on the 
Massaehusctta line, lOS m. S. W. by S. Munlpelier. Drained 
by the head waters of the Hoosick an<l Walloomsack rivers. 
Surface very uneven, lying on the W. border of the Green 
Mountain range, and poorly adapted to culture. Tbe v. is 
in S. part of t. Pop. of t. S-33. 

ST.LMPISG GiiorxD, p. v., Scott CO.. Ktj. : on a branch of 
Elkhom creek, 15 m. E. by N. Frankfort. 

STAN'ARDSviLr.E, p. V., and cap. Greene co., Tlrg. : near 
the Blue Ridge of the Alleghany mountains. T6 miles N. "W. 
Richmond, and contains a court-house, jail, etc. The manu- 
factures are light, principally leather. 

Standaedville, p. o., Carroll co., Term. : S9 m. "W. by 9. 
Nashville. 

Standing Rock, p. v., Stewart co., 7>nn. ; 3 m. E. of the 
Tennessee river, 71 m. W. N. W. Nashville. 

Standing Ston-e, t. and p. c, Bradford co., Penn.: on 
the left bank of the Susquehanna river, 103 m. N. by E. 
Ilarrisburg. Drained by several streams flowing into the 
Susquehanna r. Surface hilly; soil gravelly loam. It has 
good water-power, and there are several mills, etc. The N. 
branch of the Susquehanna Canal passes through the town 
along the river. 

Standlsh. t, and p. v., Cumberland co., Me. : G9 m. S. W. 
Augusta. Boun'ied on the N. by Sebago lake, and on the 
S. W. by Saco river. There are several small ponds in the 
town. It has some water-power, and is a superi<»r farming 
region. The v. is located near Sebago lake. The Cumber- 
land and Oxford Canal crosses the N. E. part of the town, 
connecting Sebago lake with Portland, distance 20| m. 
East Standish and South Standish are names of villages. 
Pop. of L 2,290. 

Stanfokd, p. v., Monroe county, Ind. : 52 m. S. S. W. 
Indianapolis. 

ST.\NTor.D, p. v., and cap. Lincoln co., K)/. : on a branch 
of Dick r., 44 ni. N. by W. Frankfort. It conlaina a court- 
house, jail, seminary, etc. 

Stasfoed, t., Duchess county, A'! Y.: 52 m. S. Albany. 
Drained by "Wappinger's cr. Surface hilly and mountain- 
ous; soil of average fertility. Wappinger's cr. furnishes 
good water-power, and it has some good mill-sites, and 
some manufactures of paper. Atilebury, Hull's Mills, and 
StanPtrdville are names of post-offices. Pop. 2.15^. 

Stanfoedvili-e, p. v., Putnam co., Ga. : on a branch of 
Oconee r.. 21 m. N. W. Milledgeville. 

Stanfordville, p. v.. Duchess co., K. Y.: on E. side of 
Wappinger's cr, 53 m. S. Albany. It contains several 
churches, and manufactures of woolens. This place is 
mostly inhabited by Quakers. 

Stanhope, p. v., Sussex co., K Jer. : on the N. bank of 
the Musconetcong river, and on the Morris Canal, 65 m. "W. 
Jersey City, and 4T m. N. from Trenton. A fall in the r. at 
this point furnishes excellent hydraulic power, and the 

G 5 



canal, by an inclined plane, overcomes an ascent of 76 feet. 
It contains some light manufactures. 

Stanhope, p. v., Nash co., A' Car,: on the right bank of 
Tar r., 33 m. E. by N. Raleigh. 

Stanhope, p. v., Monroe county^ Pemi. : 94 m. N. E. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Stanislaus, v., San Joaquin county, Calif. : on the right 
bank of the r. so called, which is the tirst and largest tribu- 
tary of the San Joaquin r., 13 m. S. by E. Stockton, and 
6S m. S. E. Vallejo. It w;is laid out by S. Brannan & Co., 
on or near the site originally selected for agricuKiiral opera- 
tions by the Mormous. Both rivers are navigable to this 
place for vessels of ordinary draft of water. It is the near- 
est point of navigation to the rich and celebrated Placers of 
the Stanislaus, Tuolumne, etc., and has already become au 
important position for the disembarkation of passengers and 
merchandise destined for the mines. 

Stanislaub river, Calif.: rises by 3 forks in the Sierra 
Nevada, flows westwardly dividing Calaveras and San 
Joaquin counties from Tuolumne c«., and empties into the 
San Joaquin, at the city so called. It has numerous branches. 
The banks of the river are rapidly being settled, but little 
mining is done. 

Stanley county, K Car. Situate S. centrally, and con- 
tains 853 sq. m. Drained by branches of Rocky r., which 
runs on its southern border. Surface elevated and in some 
parts hilly; soil fertile, being well adapted to grain and 
grazing. Chief productions, cotton, tobacco, wheat, and 
Indian corn. Farms 515 ; manuf. 10 ; dwell. 946, and pop. — 
wh. 5,437, it. col. 49, si. 1,430 — total 6,922. Capital: 
Albemarle. 

Stanley Corners, p. c, Ontario county. N. Y. : 41 m. "W. 
from Albany. 

Stanton, p. v., Hunterdon county, N. Jer. : on the N. of 
Rnund Mountain, 24 m. N. by W. Trenton. It contains a 
church, 3 stijres, and 400 inhabitants. 

Stanton, p. o.. Bracken co., Ky. : 59 m. N. E. Frankfort. 

Stanton, p. v. and sta., New Castle county, Del. : on Red 
Clay cr., and on the Philadelphia, Wilmington, and Balti- 
more R. E., 6 m. W. Wilmington, and ST m. N. from 
Dover. 

STANTONSBtTKo, p. V., Edgecomb CO., N. Car. : on Con- 
tentnea cr., 4S m. E. by S. Raleigh. 

Stanton V ILL E. p. v., Anderson district, S. Car. : 90 m. 
N. W. Columbia. The Greenville and Columbia E. E. 
passes to the W. of the village. 

Stantontille, p. v., M'Nairy co., TeJin. : 119 m. S. W. 
Nashville. 

Stanwich, p. o., Fairfield co., Coiin. : 6 m. N. Greenwich 
sta., on New York and New Haven R. R. ; 39 m. W. S. W. 
New Haven. 

Sta>-tvo:, p. 0., Oneida county, y. Y. : 101 m. W. N. W. 
Albany. 

Stapleton, p. v., Richmond co., iV. Y. : on the N. E. side 
of Staten Island. 2 m. N. of the "Narrows." 7 m. S. S. W. 
New York, with which it is connected by steamboat. It is 
a small settlement surrounded by delightful scenery, and 
of much resort, in common with other villages on Sta'en 
Island, for excursion parties, etc., from New York. It is 
chiefly of note from containing the Seamen's Retreat, an 
hospital for the reception of sick seamen, founded in 1S30, 
opened Oct. 1st., 1S31, and supported from taxes levied by 
law, upon seamen. The principal building is of rough 
granite, 208 feet long, 52 feet wide, 3 stories high, with 
winss 2 stories high, and 32 feet deep, and cost $100,000. 
Attached are 37 acres of land, which cost $10,000. 

Stab, p. o., Assumption parish, La. : 43 m. S. Baton 
Rouge. 

STAKFtELD, p. 0., Pcoria county, III. : 63 ni. N. by W. 
Springflctd. 

Star Furnace, p. o., Carter county, Ky.: 99 to. E. 
Frankfort 

Stark countv, III. Situate toward the N. W.. and con- 

SI7 



STA 



STE 



tains 2S9 sq. m. Sp<'on r. a tributary of Illinois r., passes 
ccutnilly throu-ih it, by which and its branches it is dniined. 
Surface undulating; soil a deep loam and very productive. 
Staples, wheat and Indian corn. Faruis 343; manuf. 23; 
dwell. 5tU, and pop.— wh. 3,710, fr. coL 0— total 3,710. 
Oipital: Toulon. 

Stark county, Ind. Situate N. "W., and contains 432 sq. 
miles. Drained by Kankakee r. which traverses it N. E. 
and S. W., and which, in the centre of the county, extends 
into English lake. Extensive marshes lio on the borders of 
the river. It may be considered the most impracticable 
county in the State. Farms 53 ; dwell. 100, and pop,— wh. 
557, fr. col. — total 557. Capital: Knox. Public W&rks: 
New Albany and Salem extension R. R. ; Logansport and 
Chicago R. K.; Fort TVayne and Chicago R. K., etc. 

Stark county, Ohio. Situate toward the N. E., and con- 
tains 5S7 sq. m. Drained by Tuscarawas r. and iU affluents. 
Surface even ; soil fertile, and well adapted to wheat, Indian 
core, and potatoes, which it produces in abundance. It 
contains extensive beds of iron ore and mineral coal, and 
has some quarries of excellent limestone. Pork and beef 
are exported in large quantities. Timber is abundant. 
Farms 3,177 ; manuf. 294 ; dwell. 6,77S, and pop.— wh. 39,733, 
fr. col. 145— total 39,S7S. CapiUd : Canton. PuhJic Work& : 
Ohio and Pennsylvania R. R. ; Cleveland and Pittsburg 
E. E. ; Ohio Canal, and Canton Branch Canal. 

Stake, t., p, o., and sta., Coos co., K. Ilamp. : on S. side 
of Upper Ammonoosuc r., and on Atlantic and St. Lawrence 
E. E., 115 m. from Portland ; 9S m. N. Concord. Surface 
ver}'' uneven and broken. Pop. 418. 

Starket, t, p. o., and sta., Yates co., N. T.: on "W. side 
of Seneca lake, 163 m. W. Albany. Surface elevated and 
hilly; soil clay loam. Drained by small streams flowing 
into the lake. The principal v. is Dundee, near which is a 
brine spring. The Canandaigua and Elmira R. E. passes 
through, 32 m. from Elmira, Pop. 2,675. 

Staeks, t and p. v., Somerset co.. Me. : on Sandy r. near 
its entrance into Kennebec r., 80 m. N. N. W. Augusta, 
The t. has a fertile soil, and good mill privileges afforded by 
Sandy r. Pop. of 1. 1,446. 

Starksbokough, t and p. v., Addison co.. Verm. : 23 m. 
W. Montpelier. Surface rough and mountainous; soil 
generally inferior. Drained by Lewis cr. and Huntington r. 
which afford water-power. Pop. 1,400. 

Starktille, p. v., and cap. Lee co., Ga. : on the W. side 
of Muckalee cr. of Flint r., 107 m. S. W. MiUedgeville. It 
contains a court-house, jail, etc. 

Starktille, p. v., and cap. Oktibbeha co., Miss. : near 
the Oktibbeha r., 116 m, N. E. Jaclcson. It contains the 
county buildings, etc. 

Starkville, p. v., Herkimer co., J^. K : 58 m. W. N. W. 
Albany. 

Starlington, p. 0., Butler county, Ala. : 63 m. S. S. "W. 
Montgomery. 

Stare county, Teao. Situate 9., and contains 5,200 sq. m. 
Drained by outlet of Salt Lagoon. The Rio Grande flows 
on its S. W. border. Surface varied. In the N. being undu- 
lating and somewhat elevated, but in the S. level ; soil near 
the streams is fertile. The greater portion of the county is 
one vast prairie, with occasional groves of oak and other 
trees interspersed. It has excellent pasturage. Capital: 
Eio Grande City. 

Starr, t. and p. o., Hocking county, Ohio: 47 miles S. E. 
Columbus. Drained by head waters of Raccoon cr. The 
Hocking river and canal cross its N. E. part, 27 miles S. E. 
Lancaster. Surface much broken ; soil fertile. Pop. 1,045. 

STAERSvrLLE, p. T., Ncwton county, Ga. : 50 miles N. W. 
MiUedgeville. 

Starucoa, p. v., "Wayne county, Penn. : 124 miles N. E. 
Harrisburg. The Starucca creek flows from this vicinity 
into the Susquehanna, near Lanesborough, gives name to 
the Starucca Yiaduct of the Erie E. E,, one of the finest 
structures of its kind in the world, which here crosses a 
SIS 



deep ravine. It is 1,200 feet long, 110 feet high, and has 13 
arches with spans of 50 feeU Its body is 24 feel wide, but 
its top is 30 feet, affording space for a double track. It was 
completed within one year, and cost $820,000. 

Statebcrg, p. v., and cap. Sumter disL, ^V. Car.: on a 
small tributary of Santee r, E. of the Camden Branch E. E., 
and 30 m. E. Columbia. It contains a court-house, jail, and 
other public buildings. 

State Biiiuge, p. o., Oneida co., A^. Y. : 110 m. W. N. W. 
Albany. 

&TATELA.ND, p. 0., Choctaw county, Miss. : 99 m. N. N. E. 
Jackson. 

State Line, p. o., Trumbull county, Ohio: 143 m, N. E. 
Columbus. 

State Line, p. o., M'Henry county, IH. .* 204 m. N. N. E. 
Springfield. 

State Line, p. o., Walworth co., Wise. : 61 m. S.E. Madison. 

State Line, p. o., Franklin co., Penn, : 51 m. "W. S. W. 
Harrisburg. 

States Island, y. Y. : lies centrally, 12 m. S. W. from 
the City Hall, New York, and forms Richmond co. It is 14 
m. long, from 4 to 8 miles wide, and is divided into 4 town- 
ships, containing many pleasant villages. Its surface is 
agreeably diversified, hilly in the N., and more level in the 
S. From its hills are afforded the most delightful views to 
be obtained in the vicinity of New York. The highest 
elevation is that of Eichmond Hill, 307 feet above the bay. 
The numerous villages upon the shores of the island con- 
tain elegant summer country seats of New York citizens, 
also a large permanent population. Several steamboats ply 
hourly to New York. The construction of a railroad cen- 
trally through the island, and other improvements, have 
been projected. The fisheries on its borders are very valu- 
able ; the amount of market produce raised is also consider- 
able. The Seaman's Eetreat, and the Sailor's Snug Harbor 
are two noble institutions, occupying beautiful locations on 
its shores. The Quarantine Station for the port of New 
York is on its N. E. point. 

State Road, p. o., Lycoming county, Penn. : 75 miles N. 
Harrisburg, 

States BO noron, p. v., and cap. Bullock co., Ga. : at the 
head or source of Belcher's Mill creek of Ogechee r., 105 m, 
E. S. E. MiUedgeville. It contains a court-house, jail, etc, 

Stateville, p. v., and cap. Iredell co,, A". Car. : li m. N, 
Third creek, 115 m. "W. Columbia, and contains the courlr 
house and other county buildings. 

Statesvillb, p. v., Wilson county, Teyin. : 87 m. E. by S. 
Nashville, 

Station, p. o., Thomas county, Ga. : 169 miles W. by S. 
MiUedgeville. 

Staunton, p. c, Granville county, iK Car, : 53 m. N. 
Raleigh. 

Staunton, p. v., Macoupin co., JU. : IJ m. E. Cahokia 
cr., and 56 S. Springfield. It is a pleasant v., located on the 
border of a healthy and fertile prairie. 

Staunton, p. v., Fayette county, Ohio: 83 miles 8. W. 
Columbus. Pop. S7. 

Staunton, p. v., and cap. Augusta co., Virff, : on Lewis 
creek, and on llie Virginia Central R. E., 97 m. W. N. W. 
Richmond. The land rises from the creek, and the streets, 
though narrow, are uniformly laid out. The court-house 
and jail are situated here, the former a neat and com- 
modious edifice. Tliis is one of the oldest villages in Mid- 
dle Virginia, and the Virginia Central E. E. conHecls it 
with the Potomac and James rivers. The village contains 
a bank, capilal $100,000, 4 churches, an academy, and the 
Western Lunatic Asylum, a substantial and commodious 
building. The "Staunton Spectator" (whig), "Eepublican 
Vindicator" (dem.), and the "Virginia Messenger" (neut.) 
are issued weekly. The v. is surrounded by a fertile and 
well-cultivated country. Pop, about 3,000. 

Steady Eun, p. v,, Keokuk Co., la. : on a branch of Big 
creek, 37 m. S. by W. Iowa City, 



STE 



STE 



Steamboat, sta., Chester co., Penn. : ou (lie Philadelphia 
and Pennsylvania R. E., 26 miles W. Philadelphia, and SO 
E. S. E. Harrisburg. 

Steam Faotoet, p. o., Muscogee CO., Ga. : 105 m. W. S-W. 
Milledgeville. 

Steam Mill, p. o., Warren county, Penn. : 160 m. N. "W. 
Harrisburg. 

Steampoet, p. o., Henderson co., i"y. : 151 m. "W. by S. 
Frankfort. 

Steedmas*s, p. v., Lexington dist., S. C<ir, : on the E. side 
of North Edisto river, 27 m. S. W. Columbia. 

Steele Ceeek, p. o., Meehlenburg co., 2^. Car. : 129 m. 
S. W. Kaleigh. 

Steele's, p. o,, Kush co., Ind, : 35 m. E. by S. Indianapolis. 

Steele's, p. v., Anderson dist., S. Car. : between Twenty- 
three and Twenty-six mile creeks, branches of Seneca r., 
103 m. N. W. Columbia. 

Steele's Landexg, p. c, Ottawa co., 3rk7u : SS m. W. by N. 
Lansing. 

Steele's Mills, p. o., Randolph co., III. : on the right side 
of SL Mary's r., 122 m. S. Springfield. 

Steele's Tavern, p. o., Augusta coimty, Virg.: 99 m. 
N. W. by W. Kichmond. 

Steeleytlle, p. 0., Cheater county, Perm,: 41 m. S. E. 
Hnrrisburg. 

Steel's Peairie, Daviess co., hid. : ia a sandy, level, 
tract of land, in the W. part of thi* co., 79 m. S. W. Indian- 
apolis. It is named from Nina Steele,^the first settler, and 
contains about 1,000 acres, all in cultivation. Prairie creek 
passes through it, and flows into the West fork of White r. 
Steele v. is located on the border of the prairie, and contains 
about 4o0 inhabitants. 

Steelsville, p. v., and cap. Crawford co.. Mo. : on the S. 
Eide of the Maramec r., 62 m. S. E. Jefferson City, It con- 
tains the county court-house, jail, and other public buildings. 
About 12 m. W. are the Maramec Iron Works, and the 
country abounds in iron ore. 

Steen's Ceeek, p. o., Kankin county, Miss. : 15 m. S. E. 
Jackson. 

Steep Bottosi, p. o., Beaufort district, S. Car : 99 m S. 
Columbia. 

Steep's Falls, p. o., Cumberland co., Me. : 56 dl S. W. 
Aui;usta. 

Sther Creek, p. o., Gilmer co., Virg. : 213 m. W. N. W. 
Eichmond. 

Steilaooom, p. v., and port, Lewis co., Oreg. Ter, : on 
Piiget's Sonnd, 11 m. N. Fort Nesqually, and 156 m. N. 
Salem. The v. at this place is rapidly expanding, and from 
its position must eventually become important in a com- 
mercial point of view. Its exports are chiefly sawed lumber, 
piles, square timber, shingles, etc., which are purchased for 
the San Francisco and other Pacific markets. 

STEMBEP.SVILLE, p. 0., CarboH CO., Penn. : 71 m. N. E. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Stemmef-'s Ettn, sta., Baltimore co., Md. : on Philadelphia, 
Wilmington, and Baltimore R. II., 9 m. from Baltimore, 
89 m. from Philadelphia. 

Stephen- Bup.Gn, p. v., Hardin co., 7w/. ; on the Nashville 
and Louisville R. E., 74 m. S. W. Frankfort, 

Stephenson county, PL Situate N., an<i contains 536 
sq. m. Drained by Pekatonica and its affluents, and small 
tributaries of Plum river. Surface undulating; soil fertile. 
A large portion of the land is prairie, interspersed with 
barrens and oak openings. This county is rapidly increas- 
ing in miportance. Farms 1,179 ; manuf. 75 ; dwell. 1,950, 
and pop.— wh. 11.G5S, fr. col. S— toUil 11.666. Capital: 
FreeporL Public H-or^'.?.' Galena and Chicago Union R.E. ; 
Galena Branch of Illinois Central E, E. 

Stephenson's Dep6t, p. o., Frederick co., Virg.: 119 m. 
N. N. W. Eichmond. 

Stepbenspoet, p. v., Breckenridge co., Ky. : on the Ohio 
r.. opposite Eome, at the mouth of Sinking cr.. 101 m. below 
Louisville, 91 m. W. by S. Frankfurt. It is a small but 



handsome village, and a considerable business is done here 
in shipping the productions of the interior. 

Stepuentown, t. and p. v., Eensselaer co., 2T. Y. : 19 m. 
E. S. E. Albany. Surface hilly and mountainous, with a 
central valley, through which flows Kinderhook r.. in S. E. 
course. Eooflng slat« is quarried. The I. contains 3 woolen 
factories, with grist and saw mills. Pop. of t. 2,622. 

Stepiiensville, p. v., Wilkinson county, Ga. : 13 m. S. 
Milled geville. 

Stepney, p. v., Fairfield county, Conn. : 13 m. W. New 
Haven. 

Stepney Dep6t. p. o. and sta., Fairfield co., Cotm.: on 
the Housatouic E. E., 10 m. from Bridgeport, 17 m. W. New 
Ilaven. 

Steeling, t. and p. o., Windham co., Conn. : 45 m. E. by S. 
Hartford. Watered by branchesof Moosup r., which afford 
water-power. Near its centre is a curious cavern, called 
the Devil's Den, which has a circular area of about 100 feet 
in diameter. Pop. 1.205. 

Step.lino,V- v., Whilesides co.. III.: on the right bank 
of Rock r., 1-35 m. N. Springfield. 

Sterlino, p. v., Phillips co.. Ark. : on the Mississippi r., 
at the lower side of the mouth of St. Francis r., 43 m. below 
Memphis (Tenn.), and 96 E. from Little Rock. 

Steeling, p. v., Crawford co., Ind. : on Little Blue r., 
100 m. S. by W. Indianapolis. 

Steeling, t., p. v., and sta., Worcester co., Mais. : 37 m. 
W. by N. Boston. Surface uneven ; soil moderately fertile. 
Watered by Still r. The v. at the centre contains 2 churches, 
and is a station of Fitchburg and Worcester R. R., which 
connects at Sterling junction, 2 m. below, with Worcester 
and Nashua R. E. Pop. of 1. 1.800. 

Steeling, t. and p. v., Cayuga co., K Y. : 161 m. W. N. W. 
Albany. Bounded N. by Lake Ontario, from which little 
Sodus bay, about 5 m. long, extends S. into the N. W. part. 
The V. on Sodus cr. contains a few mills, tannery, and hon 
foundry. Pop. of t. 2.S03. 

Sterling, t, and p. o., Wayne co., Perm.: 101 m. N. E. 
Harrisburg. Drained by Waullenpaupack cr. and tribu- 
taries, and the Lehigh r., which furnish good water-power. 
Surface hilly; soil gravelly loam. Pop. about 1,000. 

Sterling Bottom, p. o., Meigs county, Ohio: 77 m. S. E. 
Columbus. 

Steelisg Geove, p. o., Greenville dist., S. Car. : 95 m. 
N. W. Columbia. 

Sterling Hill, p. o.,Windham co., Conn. : 45 m. E. by S. 
Hartford. 

Sterling Junction, v. and sta., Worcester co., Mass. : ou 
the Fitchburg and Worcester E. E., at its junction with the 
Worcester and Nashua E. E., 8 m. N. Worcester, 33 m. 
S. S. W. Nashua {N. H.), and 83 m. W. Boston. 

Sterling Village, v. and sta., Worcester county, Mass. : 
on the Fitchburg and Worcester E. E., 10 m. N. Worcester, 
and 33 m. W. Boston. 

Sterling tixle, p. v., Jefferson co., IK Y.: ona tributary 
of Indian r., 143 m. N. W. Albany. Iron ore abounds in 
the vicinity, and is extensively manufactured in this jilace. 

Sterlingville, p. o.jWyoming co., Penn. : 93 m. N. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Stetson, t. and p. v., Penobscot co., 3fe. : 53 m. N. E. 
Augusta. Drained by branches of Sebasticook and Sowa- 
dabscook rivers, having their sources in ponds in this t. 
Surface undulating, and soil fertile, producing good grain. 
The V. is on a branch of Sebasticook r. The L has some 
light manufactures. Pop. of t. S&5. 

Stehben county, Iri'l. Situate N. E., and contains 824 
sq. m. Drained by Pigeon r. and Croiiked and Fish creeks, 
which are the principal streams; there are also several 
lakelets in the county. Surface level— one-half well tim- 
bere«l, and the residue barrens and prairies. Farms 586 ; 
manuf. 23; dwell. 1.109, and pop.— wh. 6,102, fr. col. 3— 
total 6.104. Capital: Angola. 

Stel-ben county, N. Y. Situate S. toward the W., and 

819 



STE 



STI 



contains 1,400 aq. m. Drained by Tioga and Conhocton 
rivers (whioli, uniting, furm Chemung), and their atHuenls. 
Surface pleasantly diversified with hills and valleys; soil 
generally fertile, and well lilted for pasture. Chief prod- 
ucts, wheat and Indian corn. Considerable quantities of 
live-stock and lumber are exported. It contains iron ore 
and some mineral springs. Farms 5,797 ; manuf. 576 ; 
dwell. 11,210, and pop.— wh. 63,409, fr. col. 302— total 63,771. 
Capital : Bath. Public Works : New Tori; and Erie E. E. ; 
Buffalo, Corning, and New York K. E. ; Buffalo and New 
Tork City K. E. ; Corning and Blossburg E. E., etc. 

Stkl-ues, t. and p. v., Washington co., Jfe. : bordering on 
the Atlantic Ocean, having Narmgaugas bay on the S. E., 
and Goldsboro' Harbor bay on the S. W., and Dyer's bay 
and Pigeon Ililt bay set up from the ocean on the S., 94 m. 
E. by N. Augusta. It has several good harbors, and is en- 
gaged in the coasting trade and fisheries Incorporated in 
1796. The village is on an inlet of Goldsboro' bay. Popu- 
lation oft. 1,122. 

SxEtrBEN, p. 0., Crawford county, Penn. : 190 m. N. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Steuben, t. and p. o., Oneida co., JV, T. : 9i m. N. W. 
Albany. Drained by Cincinnati cr. and Iribntariea of the 
Mohawk r. Surface hilly, with excellent soil for grass or 
grain. It is a good farming town, and butter and cheese 
are exported. The manufactures are leather and lumber. 
Pop. 1,744. 

Steuben, p. v., Huron county, Ohio: on a branch of 
Huron r., 7S m. N. i E. Columbus. The Sandusky, Mans- 
field, and Newark E. E. passes to the W. of the v., 1 m. 
distant. 

Steubentille, p. v., Steuben co., /nrf. ; 137 m. N. N. E. 
Indianapolis. 

Steubcntili-e, t., p. v., and cap. Jefferson county, Okio : 
on an elevated plain on right bank of the Ohio river, 80 m. 
above Wheeling, I'iri/., 123 m. E. N. E. Columbus. Drained 
by a tributary of the Ohio r. The v. is neatly and regularly 
laid out, was incorporated in 1S85, and has many fine man- 
sions, several churches, a neat and commodious court-house, 
and other county buildings, a bank, and considerable manu- 
factures, a rope-walk, boat-yard, and printing offices. The 
lower story of the court-house is occupied as a market. 
The manufacture of woolen and cotton goods, steam en- 
gines, silver-plating, glass, etc., is carried on ; there are also 
iron and brass foundries. In the vicinity the manufactories 
of copperas yield 160 tons per annum. Over a thousand 
persons are employed in the factories, and the town is fast 
increasing in importance. Much attention is paid in the 
neighboring counn-y to the raising of Merino and other su- 
perior breed of sheep. Inexhaustible beds of stone coal are 
found throughout a great portion of this region. The v. 
contains 6,140 inhabitants. It has several academies of re- 
putation, and is amply provided with common schools, etc. 
The newspapers published here are the " Messenger" and 
" Herald," semi-weekly and weekly issues, and the *' Amer- 
ican Union," a weekly. Steubenville is on the E. and W. 
line of railroads connecting Pennsylvania and Ohio, and it 
is also connected with Cleveland on the one hand and 
Wheeling on the other by an extension of the Cleveland 
and Pittsburg E. E. The t. of Steubenville in 1S40 had 
6.203 inhabitants, and in 1860, 7,224. 

Stetensbubg, p. v., Culpepper co., Virff. : 61 m. N. by W. 
Eichmond. 

Steve.nson, sta., Jackson co., A!<i.: on the Nashville 
and Chattanooga E. E., 86 miles W. by S. Chattanooga 
(Tennessee), and 179 miles N. by E. Montgomery. The 
Memphis and Charieston E. E. will form a junction at 
this point 

Steven's PtAniS, p. v., Cumberland county, 3fe. : 52 m. 
S. W. Augusta. The Tork and Cumberland E. E. passes 
this place 3 m. W. Portland. 

Ste^-en'8 Point, p. v., Portage co., 1F«C. .• on the left 
bank of Wisconsin r., 106 m. N. Madison. 
820 



Stevensvtlle, p. c, Bradford CO., Pe/m. : 109 m. N. 
Harrisburg. 

Stevensvule, p. 0., Sullivan co., K. T. : 81 m. 8. W. 
Alb.any. 

Stevensvtlle, p. o.. King and Queen co., Virg.: 44 m. 
E. N. E. Eichmond. 

Stewart county, Ga. Situate W. toward the S., and 
contains 6S3 sq. m. Drained by branches of Chattahoochee 
river, which bounds it on the W.. and by Kitchafoona river 
and its branches, which enter Flint river. Surface level ; 
soil fertile, and produces cotton in abundance. Indian corn 
and wheat are raised, and there is some flue pasture land ; 
timber is abundant. It contains several valuable minerals. 
Farms 990; manuf. 36; dwell. 1,432, and pop.— wh. 8.649, 
fr. col. 6, si. 7,87:3— total 16,027. Capital : Lumpkin. Pub- 
lic Works : South-western E. E. 

Stewaht county, Tenn. Situate N. toward the W., and 
contains 674 sq. m. Drained by Cumberland river and its 
br.anches, and by branches of Tennessee river, which forms 
its western boundary. Surface undulating. The soil con- 
sists of a deep mold, and is very fertile. Tobacco is the 
staple, but excellent crops of wheat and grain are raised. 
Its facilities for commerce are great, easy access being had 
to the different market towns by means of the rivers. 
Farms 936; manuf. .33: dwell. 1,225, and pop.— wh. 17,017, 
fr. col. 127, si. 2,575— total 9,719. Capita!..- Dover. 

Stewart's Draft, p. v., Augusta county, Virg. : on W. 
side of South r.. 90 m. W. N. W. Eichmond. 
Stewart's Ferry, p. o., Davidson CO., Tenn, 
Stewart's Ecu, p. o., Venango co., Pmn, ; 16S m. N. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Stewart's Sprtnos, p. o., Polk county. Ark. : 109 m. 
W. by 8. Little Eock. There are several sulphur springs in 
the vicinity. 

Stewaktstown, t and p. o., Coos county, iV. Bamp. : on 
the E. side of the Connecticut river, 124 m. N. Concord. 
Drained on the E. by outlets of Great and Little Diamond 
ponds, and on the W. by tributaries of the Connecticut r. 
Surface uneven; soil fertile. The Connecticut r. at this 
point is about 15 rods wide. Farming is the chief pursuit. 
The V. is on a branch of Indi.an stream. Pop. of t. 747. 

Stewart^tow.v, p. o., Monongalia county, Vi?'ff,: 203 m. 
N. W. Eichmond. 

Stewaetstown, p. v., Eichmond co., iV. Car: on the left 
bank of Yadkin r, 89 m. S. W. Ealeigh. 

Stewaetstown, p. o., Tork co., Penn. : 33 m. S. by E. 
Harrisburg. 

Stewartsville, p. 0., Warren county, iK Jer. : 86 m. 
N. by W. Trenton. 

Stewartsville, p. t., Eichmond CO., if. Car. : on Leith's 
river, 77 m. 8. S. W. Ealeigh. 

Stewartsville. p. v., Westmoreland Co., Penn. : 149 m. 
W. Harrisburg. The Philadelphia and Pennsylvania E. E. 
passes within 2 m. of the tillage. 

Stice's Shoal, p. o., Cleveland connty, 2f. Oar. : 157 m. 
W. 8. W. Ealeigh. 

Stick letville, p. o., Lee co., Tirg.: 203 m. W. S. W. 
Eichmond. 

Stiokoth, p. 0., Cherokee co., N. Car. : 812 m. W. by 8. 
Ealeigh. 

Stilfsboro', p. v.. Cass co., Ga. : on the 8. of Etowah 
river, 129 m. N. W. Milledgenlle. 

Stilesville, p. v., Hendricks CO., Ind. : on the National 
Eoad, 25 m. W. 8. W. Indianapolis. 

Still Elver, v. and sta., Worcester CO., Ma.m. : on the 
Worcester and Nashua E. E., 23 m. N. by E. Worcester, 
82 m. W. N. W. Boston. 

Still Valley, p. v., Warren co., A". Jer. : 36 m. N. W. 
Trenton. 

Stillwater, t and p. v., Sussex co., Jf. Jer. : 55 m. N. 
Trenton. Drained by Paulinskill cr. and a tributary of it, 
flowing from Swartout's Pond, in the E. part of the t. Sur- 
face hilly, and on the N. W. mountainons, with a fertile 



STI 



STO 



soil. It conlains several tanneries, mills, olc. The v. is on 
the N. side of Paulinskill, and contains a church, several 
mills, etc. Pop. of t. 1.742. 

Stillwater, t. and p. v.. Saralo^a co., iV Y. : on the W. 
side of the Hudson r., 22 m. N. Albany. Drained by An- 
thony's kill and other small branches of the Hudson river. 
Surface undulating:; soil fertile. In the N. of the town is 
Benius Heights, at which were fought the celebrated actions 
of Sept, 1(1 and Oct. S, 1777, which led to the surrender of 
Burgoyne to the American arms under General Gates. The 
town has good water-power, aud there are several manu- 
factories. The Champlaiti Canal passes through the v., 
24 m. from Albany. Pop. of U 2,9CG. 

Stillwater, p. o., Columbia co., Petm. : 59 m. N. by E. 
Harrisbu r*. 

Stillwater, p. v., Tuscarawas co., Ohio : on the N. side 
of a stream so called, a branch of the Tuscarawas r., 90 m. 
E. N. E. Columbus. Extensive salt springs are fouud on 
the banks of the r. in the vicinity of the v. 

Stillwater, p. v., and cap. Wasiiinglon co., Minn. Ter. : 
on the W. side of Su Croix lake, 31 ra. N. St. Paul. It re- 
ceives its name from the circumstance that the current from 
the St. Croix r. is no longer perceptible at this place. The 
V. was founded in lSi3. and contains the territorial peniten- 
tiary, three churches — Presbyterian, Ijaptist, and Episcopal, 
two mills, one driven by water and the other by steam, two 
hotels, several stores, groceries, etc., and about SOO inhabit- 
ants, who are principally engaged in the lumber trade. 
The pop. in 1S5() was 621, and haa since rapidly increased. 
A U. S. land oflSce is located here. 

Stillwell, p. 0., Wood county, Tlrg. : 227 miles N. W. 
Richmond. 

Stillwell's, p. o., Butler county, Ohio: 96 m, "W. S. W. 
Columbus. 

Stip's IlrLL. p. v., Franklin co., Ijid. : on the right bank 
of Salt cr. of White r.. 55 m. E. S. E. Indianapolis. 

STiTTviLi.E.p.o.. Oneida CO.. iVI 1'. ; 95 m.W. by N.Albany. 

Stuckbru)<;e, t and p. v., Berkshire co., Mass. : 117 in. 
W. Boston. Drained by Housatonic r. and branches. Sur- 
face uneven, with extensive alluvial meadows; soil gener- 
ally fertile, especially on the streams. Marble and limestone 
are foimd in large quantities. It haa exlensive hydraulic- 
power, and there are several manufactories of woolens, cot- 
ton goftds, leather, etc. The ■* Centreville Manufacturing 
Company" manufacture 624,000 y-irds clulh per annum, and 
employ 90 operatives; cap. $100,000. There is also a fur- 
nace and several mills here. The v. is pleasantly located 
on a plain, on the N, S'<le of Housatonic r.. and contains 
several churches, a bank (cap. $100,0(10). and an academy. 
The Housatonic K. U. passes through the v., 17 m. S. Pitts- 
field. Pop. of 1. 1,040. 

Stockukidge. t. and p. o., Ingham co.. Jftch. : 25 m. S. E. 
Lansing. Drained by branches of Huron and Grand rivers, 
pop. 657. 

STOcKBRrooE, t. and p. v., Windsor co., Yemi.: 36 m. 
8. by W. Montpelicr. Drained by White r., which passes 
through it, affording good water-power, and a branch of 
Tweed r. Surface uneven ; soil well atlapted to the growth 
of grass. Steatite or soapstone is found in considerable 
quantities. It contains several manufactories of woolens, 
leather, etc The v. is on the N. side of White river. Pop. 
of 1. 1.327. 

Stockhrtdge, p. v., Henry co,, f7(T.: on a head branch 
of the Ocmulgee r., 71 m. N. W. Milledgeville. 

STorKBRiDGE, t, and p. v., Madison co., y. K ." 100 m. 
W. by N. Albany. Surface uneven, with a fertile and, in 
general, well-eultivaled soil. Drained by Oneida creek. It 
has excellent water-power, and contains several manufae^>- 
ries. The v. is loc.ited on Oneida cr., and contains several 
churches and an academy. Pop. of t. 2.0S1. 

STticKBRiDoE. p. v., CaUmiet co., Wimc: on the E. side 
of Winnebago lake. 94 m. N. E. Madison. 
Stock Ckksk, p. v., Scott co,, Tirg. : on a cr. so called, 



293 m. W. S. W. Kiehmond. At this jilace thero is a re- 
markable natural tunnel, tlirough which the cr. flows. 

Stockkiiton, p. o., Northampton county, Penn.: 85 m. 
N. N. E. Harrisburg. 

Stockholm, p. o.. Sussex co., K Jer. : 54 m. N. Trenton. 

Stockholm, I., p. v.. and sta., St. Lawrence co.. N. }'.; 
152 m. N. W. Albany. Drained by St. Kegis river and 
branches, and a branch of Uacket river. Surface hilly and 
somewhat atony; soil frrtile and heavily timbered. There 
are some manufactures, cons.isting of (Ii.ur, lumber, fulled 
cloths, potash, and leather. The village is on the Northern 
(Ogdensburg) R. E., S2 m. W. by S. Rouse's Point. Pop. 
of I. 8,661. 

Stockport, t., p. v., and stn., Columbia co., N. Y. : on the 
E. side of the Hudson river, 24 m. S. Albany. Drained by 
Kinderhook creek, flowing inio the Hudson rivt-r. Surface 
uneven; soil fertile. Columbiavilie is a manufael.uring v. 
The t. contains several manufactories of woolen and cotton 
goods, leather, paper, flour, etc. The v. is on tho Hudson 
Kiver It. E., 24 m. S. Albany, and 121 m. N. from New 
York city. Pop. of t. 1,655. 

Stockpoet, p. o., Morgan county, Ohio: 6') m. E. by S. 
Columbus. 

Stockport STATio>f, p. v. and sta., Delaware co., y.Y.: 
on the E. side of the Delaware r., on the New York and 
Erie R. E., 169 m. N. W. Nt-w York city, and 94 m. 8. W. 
(direct) Albany. Its location is in a ph-asant bend of the r., 
3 miles below the junction of the Mohawk and Popacton 
brandies, and it is important as a lumber depSt, large 
quantities of which is manufactured in the neighborhood. 

Stocksville, p. v.. Buncombe co., ^V! Ccir. : on S. side 
of Ivy r.. 219 m. W. Raleigh. 

Stockton, p. v., Baldwin county, Ala.: on the E. side of 
Tensaw river, 25 miles N. E. Mobile, and 137 m. S. W. of 
Montgomery. 

Stockton, p. o.. Madison co., Plor. : 45 m. E. Tallahassee. 

Stockton, t. and p. o., Cliautauque co., iV". 3' ; 12 m. S. 
Dunkirk, and -lOG m. W. by S. Albany. Bearand Cassadaga 
lakes are in the N. part, by the outlets of which the town is 
drained. Surface even; soil fertile. It has excellent water- 
power, and several liglit manul'acturi s. Pop. 1.642. 

Stockton, p. v., and cap. San -loaquin co., OtHf. : on the 
Stockton slough or canal (which contains the "back wa- 
ters" formed by the junction of the Sacramento and San 
Joaquin rivers) about 3 m. from its junction with the San 
Joaquin, loo m. E. by water from San Francisco, an<l 59 m. 
direct from Valliyo. Tliis is one of the principal cities of 
the Slate, ranking next to San Francisco and Sarranu-nto. 
First settled in 1S44, by C. M. Weber, who obtained a grant 
from the then governor of California for a large section of 
country; made a pueblo in 1S45, when there were seven 
residences, and was abandoned in the succeeding year. In 
184S the settlement was successfully established, and in 1S49 
it was a canvas city of 1,000 inhabitants, with a fleet of mer- 
chant vessels lying before it. The Stockton slough is divided 
into three branches ; the city occupies the peninsula between 
the two northern, and extends also S, to the third branch. 
The ground on which it is built is high, and not sulyect to 
overflow, and is in the centre of the two great tracts of ara- 
ble land which constitute the valleys of the San Joaquin 
and Sacramento rivers. The San Joaquin is navigable at 
all seasons to this place for vessels drawing not over nine feet 
of water, and such is the peculiar formation of the bank that 
they can lay directly along it and discharge their cargoes. 
It is the dep6t for the supi)ly of all tho southern mines, and 
every thing indicates that this point is destined to become 
one of the great inland marts of this wonderful and growing 
country, and it is believed by some that it will outstrip all 
its rivals in the race of prosperity. The largest-sized brigs 
and scho^mers, anti a great number of launches, etc., are 
engaged iu the carrying trade, and steamers ply here regvi- 
I lariy. The mines are situated among the hills and mount- 
' ains forming the western slope of the Sierra Nevada, com- 
' 621 



STO 



mencing some 20 m. E. of Ihe city, and cxtenJing ihcnce 
E. to the banks of the river. Two papers are published 
and a military post is located here. A State hospital is' 
erecting, which will be an ornament to the city. Pop. s 000 
SiODDAHD county, Mo. Situate S. E., and contains' 937 
eq. ni. Drained by IVhite Water r. and numerous outlets 
01 the different lakes which cover a largo portion of the co 
Surface varied; in the N. it is mucli broken, but in the S.' 
level and marshy ; soil in general is good, and the swampy 
portions when cultivated are rendered fertile and produc- 
tive. Farms 41S; manuf. 2; dwell. 719, and pop — wb ' 
4,221, fr. col. 6, si. 60-total 4,277. Capital: Bloomtield. 

Stoddard, L and p. v., Cheshire co.. If. ITamp. .- 31 m. 
S. W. Concord. There is a large number of ponds in the 
town. Drained by tributaries of the Merriniac on the £,, 
and of the Connecticut r. on the W. Surface mountainous 
and very rocky ; soil adapted to grass. Incorporated in 
1774. There is some leather and lumber manufactured 
here. The v. is in the N. part, fop. of 1. 1,100. 

STODDAETSTII.IE, p. v., Mouroc CO., Peiin.: on the bank 
of the Lehigh r., So in. N. E. Harrisburg. 

Stokes county, M Car. Situate N. toward the W., and 
contains 728 sq. m. Drained by Dan r. and tributaries, and 
branches of Yadkin r. Surface diversified, the greater part 
of it being hilly ; soil fertile, and making good pasture Innd. 
Chief productions, cotton and tobacco, wheat, and Indian 
com. Farms 691 ; manuf 34; dwell. 1,263, and pop.— wh. 
7.2C4, (I. col. 149, si. 1,793— total 9,260. Capital: Ger- 
manton. 
Stokes, p. o., Oneida co., IT. Y. : 104 m. N. W. Albany. 
Stoxe county, Mo. Situate S. toward the W., and con- 
tains 477 sq. m. Drained by .James r., and Buffalo fork of 
White r. Surface undulating; soil fertile, and produces 
wheat and Indian corn in abundance ; it is also well adapt- 
ed to the growth of tobacco. Apple, pear, peach, and other 
fruit-trees are grown, and yield excellent fruit. Pine and 
otiier timber abounds. 

Stone Aeabia, p. v., Montgomery county, N.Y.: about 
4 m. N. of the Mohawk river and 44 m. W. N. W. Albany. 
This is one of the oldest sctUements in the county, and 
in October, 17S0, was the scene of a bloody conflict between 
the Englisli and Americans, in which, Ibrough treachery 



and unequal numbers, the latter were defeated. It con- U^^I whale fi-wt""' ^ ''""''';. ""'' ^ ''"""'''•■ ^"'''"S ISjV, 
tains a Dutch Eeformed church creeled in 17SS, and aLu- ,„' I , ! I'oT "P^f ".'^'^'-g'"" were-],62S bbls. o} 



, — ,,^.^ .-.v.^.ncu. It eon 

tains a Dutch Eeformed church creeled in 17SS, and a Lu 
theran church built in 1791. 

Stone Cuuacn, p. o., Genesee CO., N. T. : 224 m.W. by N 
Albany. The Buffalo and Eochester E. E. passes near this 
place. 

Stone Chubch, p. o., Northampton county, Perm. : SS m. 
E. N. E. Harrisburg. 

Stone Ci-.eek, p. o., Tuscarawas co., Ohio : 69 m. N. E 
Columbus. 

Stoneham, t., p. v., and sta., Middlesex eo., Masx • 1 m 
N. Boston. There is a pond in the S. part covering about 
2S3 acres. Surface uneven and rocky ; soil fertile and well 
wooded. The chief manufacture here is shoes, at which 
nearly two-thirds of the inhabitants are employed. The v 
is centrally located, and contains several cliurches. The 
station is on the Boston and Maine E. I!., 8 m. N. Boslon 
Pop. of t. 2,0S5. 

Stone Lick, p. o., Randolph county, N. Car. : 71 m. W 
Eandolph. * . ' ■ 

Stone Mills, p. o., Jefferson co., N. T. : 153 m. N. TV. 
Albany. 

Stone Mototain, p. o. and sta., De Kalb co., Ga.: on 
Georgia K. E., 12 m. E. N. E. from Atlanta, 81 m. N. W. 
Milledgeville. 

Stone Mountain, p. o., M'Dowell CO., iK Car. ■ 198 m 
■W. Ealeigh. 
Stonee, p. 0., Seneca ca, OMo ; 78 m. N. ) W. Columbu'< 
Stone ErooE, p. v., Ulster co., iK K .• 1 m. N. Eondout 
kill, 54 m. S. S. W. Albany. 
SioNEs'8 Praieie, p. 0., Dane co., Wisa. 

822 ' 



' S. Ermld™"^ '*• "•■ ^''"''"' ""■• ^"-O- ■■ ''' - ^- "^ 
Stonerstown, p. v., Bedford co., Penn: on E. bank of 
Eayston branch of Juniat., r., 71 m. W. Uarrisburg. Broad 
Top Mountain is in its vicinity 

n!:z7r'^ '• "•■ ''"'^'"•' ''""'■■■ " -" ^- ">• ^• 

Ston^ville, p. v., Greenville dist., S. Car.: on a tribu- 
tary of Ennorce r, S3 m. N. W. Columbia. 
J Stone Wall Mill, p. v., Appomattox to., Urn ■ on 
James r. and canal, 15 m. below Lynchburg, and 181 m'. W 
by fe. from E.chmond by canal, and 71 m. direct 
STONINOTON, t.. p. b., and port of entry. New London co 

e^^rb; L "■ ', f • '\T''' '' "• ^- ""^^ ""»• J^-d- 
„ f ^n. f "" ^""""'•i:-l'J •P^'wcatuck r., separating 
It from Ehode Island, and W. by Mystic r., both o^f wb cf 
afford water-power. This is a large L, with rockv and un- 

iVn I , , ™S'' " "" " "='"'"' ""J "^ky point of 

land, extending about } m. S. into the sound. The hi^bor 
IS protected by a break-water, constructed by the U^ ed 
1TH„ f™:"'"™' "" " '^°»' of *S0,000. It is handsomely 
laid out, well bunt, and was incorporated in ISOl. Its eiti- 
zens are noted f >r commercial enterprise, especially in the 
nba hug and sealing business, in which a large aggregate 
apital IS employed. Many vessels are owned her! whfch 
bring their cargoes into New York and other ports. ' Tt la^ 
a marine railway and lighthouse at the entrance of the har- 
.June i'«-n """' '"-""goof Stoninglon district on 80th 
June, ISdO, was 19,913 tons. The registered lonna-e 
amounted to 13,1S9 tons, and all permanent, of which S SGI 
ons were in the whale fishery. The enrolled and licensed 
tonnage amounted to 6,724 tons, consisting of 6.10 "o^ 
permanent, 144 tons temporary, employe.1 1. follow^oL,. 

nfr^i T ' ™ navigation, 67 tons; and the Ion- 

IZ7'7T ■"""" '" '""^"'■'■^••- '^ '"'" 'n ^astin". 
. de, 8.9 tons in cod fishery. The number of clearances 
for foreign countries during the year preceding wasol" Si 
tons; numberof entrances do. 10-2.894 tons. The number 
of vessels bunt during the year was 9-1,0.34 tons Wz 2 
ships, 1 schooner, 5 sloops, and 1 steamed Durin» itl't 



^perm oil, 16,334 bbls. whale oU, an''d 97,500 lbs. w'halebone 
The town contains several manufactories, of which three 
are extensively engaged in making plaid a'nd plain U"! 
im2% ^"."'"'"t: ^ """k'.-vith aggregat'e capital ;/ 
»lt.0,000, 1 savings bank, 2 academies, 4 churches, etc 
Here commences the Stonington K. E. to Providence 60 m ' 
connecting with daily steamboats to and from New York" 
Plus place is of considerable resort in summer. The Wad ' 
dawannuck House, the chief fashionable hotel, is kept in 
nrat-class style. Pop. of t. in 1840, 3,898; in 1S50, 5,434 

Stonington, p. v., Christian co., /ll.: on the S. forl^ of 
Sangamon r., 29 m. S. E. Springfield. 

STONV BnooK. sta., Middlesex CO., Mass.: on Fitchbur. 
Ik. Jv., 12 m. from Boston. ® 

Stony Bhook, p. v., Suffolk county, iK K .• on N. side of 
Long Is and, 122 m. S. S. E. Albany. I, has a good harbor 
acce^ible at all seasons of the year, and carrls on shin-' 
building, with some manufactures. Pop. about m * 

bTONV Ceeek, p. o., Warren co., if. r. .• 54 m. N. Albany 
STONV CnEEK-.sla.,Xew IJavcn county, To. „. .-on New 
Haven and New London E. E., 11 m from Na„ ir 
39 m. from New London. ^"^ """"■ 

Stonv Ceeek, t. and p. 0., Somerset co., Pe„n ■ m m 
W by S. Harrisburg. The Alleghany Mountain 'is „' 2 
E. border. Draincl by Stony cr. and branches. Surfa e 
moun ainous, with fertile valleys. Iron ore is abundant 

mCr ■"""""" ""■"''"' "'* " "'^ •»--''««• er'st- 

Eichrnd'"^'^' "• "■■ '^"" ■=»•• '^'•^■■- ='» ">• ^- S. W 



STO 



STR 



Stont Fouk, p. o., Amherst county, Tlrg. : 90 m. W. 
Eiclimond. 

Stonv Fork, p. o., Wautauga eo., X Car. : 157 m. N.W. 
Ealeigb. 

Stony Hill, p. o., Richmond co., Vlrg. : 47 m. E. N. K. 
Eithmond. 

Stony Mount, p. o., Brunswick co., Virg. : 67 m. S. by TV. 
Eichmond. 

Stony Point, p. o., White CO., Arl: : 49 m. N. E. Little 
Eoek. 
Stony Point, p. o., E. Baton Eoiige pur., I.a. 
Stony Point, p. o., Alexander co., aV. Car. : 129 m. "W. 
Ealeiah. 

Stony Point, Rockland co., y. Y. : is a high rocky pro- 
motitory at the head of Haverslraw bay, in Hudson r., on 
uhicli was a fort during the Revolutionary War, bravely 
taken by storm from the British on the night of July IClh, 
1170, by the Americans under Gen. Wayne. A lighthouse 
has been erected on the site of the old fort. 

Stony Point, p. v., Abbeville district, S. Car.; 65 m. 
W. N. W. Columbia. 

Stony Point, p. c, Bradley county, Term. : 125 m. S. E. 
Nashville. 

Stony Point, p. c, Albemarle co., Mrg. : C7 m. W. N.W. 
Richmond. 

Stony Point, p. o., Jackson co., Mo. : 120 m. W. by N. 
Jefferson City. 

Stony Point Mn.LS, p. v., Cumberland co., Virg.: on 
W. bank of Appomattox r.. 42 m. W. by S. Richmond. 

Stony Rtoge, p. v., Wood co., Ohio: at the source of a 
etnam flowing N. E. into Lake Erie, 107 m. N. by W. 
Columbus. 

Stony Ridgk, p. o., Surry co., iV'. Car.: 121 m. N. W. 
Raleigh. 

Stony Run, p. o., Genesee Co., Mich.: 46 m. E. N. E. 
Lansing. 

Stokrville, p. v., Anderson dist., S. Car.: 5 m. E. of the 
Savanniih r., 121 m. W. by N. Columbia. 

i^TtiEMViLi-E. p. o., Duchess county, K Y.: 1 m. S. of the 
Fishkill, iS m. S. Albany. 

Stork's, p. o., Hamilton county, Ohio : 06 m. S. W. 
Columbus. 

Stoek's, sla., Henrico county, Virg. : on Virginia Central 
Railroad, ti m. N. by E. Richmond. 

Story county, la. Situate centrally, and contains 576 
sq. m. Drained by Skunk r, and its tributaries. Surface 
undulating ; soil fertile, and consists of a deep black mold, 
adapted to wheat and grain, and favorable to the cultivation 
of fruit, apples, pears, and peaches of good quality being 
produced. Erected since ISoO. 
Stoey, p. o.. Ogle CO., III. : 155 m. N. by E. Springfield. 
St'jixiiul'kg, p. o., Berks county, /'ew/t. .* 85 m. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Stougustown, p. v., Cumberland county, Pemi. : 29 m. 
W. S. W. Harrisburg. 

Stoi-guton, L, p. v., and sta., Norfolk co., Ma^n. : IS m. 
S. Boston. Drained by head branches of Neponset r. The 
V. contains 1 woolen and 2 cotton factories, and 4 churches. 
Here terminates the Stoughton Branch R. R., 4 m. long, 
which connects with Doston and Providence R. R. at Can- 
Ion. Tlic v. and t, are noted for the manufacture of bonis 
and shoes. The Fall River R. R. touches the E. border of 
the t at East Sloughton. Pop. of L in 1S40, 2,142; in ISOO, 
3,594. 
STOtTGiiTON, t. and p. o., Dane co., Wise. Pop. 70. 
Stout's, p. c, Adams county, Ohio : 79 m. S. by W. 
Columbus. 

Stout's, p. o., Northampton county, Penn. : 83 m. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

^tout's Geove, p, o.. M'Lean county, III.: in N. W. 
corner of county, 57 m. N. N. E. Springfield. 

Stover, p. o., Dallas county, ArJ:, : 55 ra. S. by W. 
Little Rock. 



Sto\-er'9 Plaoe, p. o.. Centre co., Penn. : 67 m. N. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Stovertown, p. 0., Muskingum county, Ohio: 51 m. E. 
Columbus. 

Stow, t. and p. v., O,i;ford county, Me. : 63 m. W. by S. 
Augusta. Bounded W. by New Hampshire. It contains 
several jmnds, the outlets of which flow into Saco r. Pop. 
of t. 471. 

Stow, t. and p. o., Middlesex co., Mass. : 24 m. W. by N. 
Boston. Drained by Assobet river, which affords water- 
power. The L contains several grist and saw mills, and 
has consitierable manufactures. The Lancaster and Ster- 
ling Branch R. E. (from South Acton, on Fitcbburg R. E. 
to Feltonville) runs upon its E. border. Pop. 1,455. 

Stow, t. and p. v., Summit county, Ohio: 111 m. N. E. 
Columbus. Drained by Cuyahoga r. and one of its branches, 
affording excellent water-power. Surface rolling; soil fer- 
tile, and in a good state of cultivation. The Pennsylvania 
and Ohio Canal crosses the S. part, and the Akron Branch 
of the Cleveland and Pittsburg II. R. passes through the v. 
Bituminous coal of a superior quality is found in the S. W. 
of the town. It has several stores, mills, etc. Population 
oft. 1,702. 

Stowe, t and p. v., Lamoille co., Venn. : 16 ra. N. N. W. 
Montpelier. Surface level ; soil fertile. Drained by Water- 
bury r. and its branches, which flow S. into Onion r., and 
afford water-pc>wer. The t. contains a woolen factory, 2 
tanneries, and mills of various kinds. Pop. oft. 1.7T1. 

Stowell's Corneiis, p. o., Jefferson county, N. Y. : 152 m- 
N. W. Albany. 

Stow's Ferry, p. o., Tallapoosa co., Ala. : 42 m. N. E. 
Montgomery. 

Stow's S^uaee, p. o., Lewis co., AC Y. : 123 m. N. W. 
Albany. 

Stowsville, p. o., Gaston co., K. Car. : 133 m. W. S. W. 
Raleigh. 

Stoyestown, p. v., Somerset co., Penn. : on W. side of 
Stony cr., 107 m. W. by S. Harrisburg. Near the v. are 2 
furnaces ; annual capacity 700 and 1,400 liins ; and a forge 
producing annually 30 tons bar iron. The village has some 
other manufactures, mills, etc. 

Strabahe, p. v., Lenoir co., N. Car.: on the S. side of 
Neuse r., 63 m. S. E. Columbia. 

Stkabane, t and p. o.. Washington co., Penn. : 170 m.W. 
Harrisburg. Drained by Charliers and Little Chartiers 
creeks, uniting on its N. W. boundary. Surface uneven ; 
soil fertile. It contained in 1S50, S schoolsand 200 scholars, 
male and female. Pop. about 1,250. 

Steaitord county, K. Ilamp. Situate toward the S. E., 
and contains 40S sq. m. Drained by Larai)roy, Isinglass, 
and Cocheco rivers. Surface various, and diversified with 
small ponds; soil in most parts fertile, and producing good 
crops of grain, etc. Agriculture Is much attended to by a 
large number of the population. Chief products, wheat, In- 
dian com. and potatoes. Farms 1,S44 ; manuf. 394 ; dwell. 
4,764, and pop.— wh. 29.327, fr. col. 37— total 29.SG4. Cap- 
ital: Dover. Ptihlic Works: Cocheco R. R. ; Great Falls 
and Conway R. R. ; BosUm and Maine R. R. 

Strafford, t. and p. v., Strafford co., N. Ilamp. : 20 m. 
E. by N. Concord. Blue Hill crosses its N. part. Drained 
in its N. part by branches of Suncook r., and in S. part by 
Isinglass r., flowing from Bow Pond, in its S. W. part (2 m. 
long, H ™- wide), into Cocheco r. The t. has generally a 
fertile soil, abounds with fine scenery, and contains four 
churches. Pop. oft, 1,920. 

Straffoei), t and p. v.. Orange co., Venn. : 31 m. S. S. E. 
Montpelier. Surface uneven; soil fertile. Drained by a 
branch of Ompompanoosnc r., which affords water-power. 
In the S. E. comer is a be>i of sulphnret of iron, h.-ilf a mile 
long, 3 rods wiiie, and of unknown depth, from which large 
quantities are annually taken. The principal company en- 
gaged in the manufacture of copperas therefrom has a cap- 
ital of $40,000. Pop. oft. 1,516. 



STR 



Steatfoed Coknkp^ p. 0., Sirafford co., N. Bump. ■ 22 m 
•t. by N. Concord. 

Stbaioiit Fork, p. o., Campbell counly, Term.: 137 m 
*-• by N. Nashville. 

STKiiT'8 Lake, p. o., Oakland co., jr«A. .- 59 m E bv s 
Lansing. ' ■' '•' 

STEAirevTLLE, p. 0., New Haven co.. Conn 
STEAiraviLLE, p. v., Perry counly, Ohio : 4S ra. S. E. by E 
Columbus. In ils vicinity (in Salt Lick t.) are foun.l im- 
mense deposits of bituminous coal, some of the strata of 
which have been found to be 90. lis, and I3B feet Jecn A 
vem of carbonate of iron is fotuul In m. S. of this eoal-hed 

Steasbueg, p. v., Tuscarawas county, old,,: on the W 
side of a branch of the Tuscarawas river, S4 m N e' 
Columbus. 

STitASBrEO, t and p. v., Lancaster co., Penn. ; 4.3 m S F 
Hamsburg. Drained by Little Beaver cr. Pecquea cr ' on 
■ ts N. and W. boundary, affords valuable water-p:" r 'ind 
on Its bank are several mill-seats. Surface hillv ; soil fertile 
and much grain is raised. The v. i, 2 m. W.'Mine \mX 

"'."'i^m'™"'"' ""' ''"'''"^' """^ ^"■"'" ""^■ 

STBASBrEG, sla., Blair co., Penn. : on the Baltimore and 
Susquehanna E. K., 43 m. 8. Harrisburg, and 80 m. I 

Steasbueg, p. v., Shenandoah co., Vlrg.: o„ N. branch 
of Shenandoah r., 109 m. N. N. W. Eichmond. The inhab- 
-tants are chiefly of German origin. The v. contls 3 
churches, several mechanic shops, stores, etc., and U on he 
line of the Manassas Gap R. E. Pop 600 

MmedPi,^."-' ''°°'°°"'"'' ^°"'"^' ^'^■•- '2 -■ 8- S. E. 
Steatfoed, t and p. c, Fulton county, N. Y.: 6(5 m 
N. W. Albany Surface hilly; soil best adapted to grazing 
Drained by East Canada creek and its brancheruZ 
Which are numerous saw-mills. Fish lake on it3 E. border 
18 a handsome sheet of water. Pop SOI 

W XT^' '■' "■ "■' """ "•■'•• '^^'i^fl^l'l'eonnty. Conn.: on 

^ree. i „. ,„„g, p„„„^, ,„ .^e r., and pleasantly omarnenM 
w^^th shade trees, and contains 5 churches, an academy, etc 
The Episcopal church was founded in 172.3, and i, the „id 
est of the denomination in .he State. The Lhaa cons derate 

P ' R n?s ""T' ^""- '""' ^'" ^"'^ ""^ New naven 
E. E. passes through the v., 62 m. from New York 14 „, 

necu ft°str",r;'r' """ " ""' ^-^-'-t ^ p.. tn; 

mo, i" OS ,m,:TL',ToT' ' "■ '^°- '"^ ^- ^"P- "^ -•> 

colrb™.""' "• "•' "^"'""^ -""^' ^^--^ " ». N. 

STEATFoRi), t., p. o., and sta., Coos co., iK /r^mj, . on F 
side of Connecticut r., 106 m. N. Concord. Surmfe 'ro™ ^i 
soil mostly sterile. Drained by small streams. The Auntie 
, and SL Lawrence E. E. runs alono. il,„ . ■ '"^^Auantic 
nt Stratford Hollow, 12r m." at"!, r h'st .S TT 
from Portland. Pop. in 1S40, 441 ; i„ ,S50, sT ' 
34 m Tt,"'F ' r '" '"f 't" ''"^'^'"Sbam co.,' .V. ir.,nj, . 
ExeTeV ; fl ^-.Concord. Bounded W. by Squamscot or 
Exeter r. flowing into Great bay. Surface level • .oil 
generally fertile. The inhabitants'arc chie^y en;g;d t 
farming. In its E. part is a large peat sw.amp! The Ports 
mouth and Concord E. E. passes through, S I from 
Portsmouth, 39 m. from Concord. Pop S43 ^ 

Bteatton t. and p. o., Windham county, r.rm ■ 90 
miles S. by W. Montpelier. This is a moun ainor town 
bordering on the Green Mountain Range, with p^r 

w'miny"^' "■ "■• ^^'"''"^ --'>■• ^ ^ ■■ ^3 m. 
Bteatto^ville, p. y., Clarion co., Penn.: 144 m. N. W. | 



STU 



"r™^j^:;':;j:^sr'"----vicini.,.. 
ii.^'rri::^°"-^' "■ "■• ^^^ '=™"'^' ^-••- «^ m. n. k 

Virginia E. E. passe, through CJ^l '" '™"^^^^ """^ 

hS:;:';!"^'^ "• "■' ^'-^^ ™""'^- ^-"- •■ 35 m. s. s. e. 

WMt"r°2rm''N-',"T''';'V™"''-'"<'---°»E-'>''>'''0f 

^.^;^,l^d:^^sr■:rtm^l— -- 
STEEETSBOBo-, t. and p. V., Portage county, O/.io: in m 
Oi'nnh '-""'""";'• '*"'-f'"=« g™'ly "neven. Drained by 

Pop r"fT. tlOS ''"™' ""• ^- "'"'^' "' ""= """■• 

Steeet-s E™ P v., Alleghany co., P™„. , „„ Mononga 
hela r., 4.m. S. E. Pittsburg; 157 m. W. Harrisbnrg. 
STEiCKEnsviLLE, p. v., Chester county, Penn. : on a small 

Hrbut'"' '^^ '"" "° "^'^""^ ''-•"- «'• 

JrZ'^!''"''' ^^'''^' ^- ^- °'"' '"^' ^'"Plin CO., i*r c^^. . 

zz r a s.rp:^e-gr"'™ ^- ^- '' -■ «• «°"^>'-"- 

Strickland's Feeey, sta., Kennebec co.. Me. : on Andros- 
coggin river and E. E., 12 m. from Leeds sta., 21 m.w 
Augusta. ' "*- M. 

Ha^r""'' '■ "' ^°* "°""'' ^''""■•- '' '"• «• ^• 
Steihg Peaieie, p. a, Lee co. la. : 69 ra. S. Iowa City 
Steing Peaieie, p. o., Burleson co., r«-. ; 66 m. E bv N 

Austin City. ■ ^j i.t. 

STEiNcTowN, p. v., Eichtand CO., M.: on the border of a 
fertile prame, 110 m. S. E. Springtield. 

Stbin-gtown, p. o., Eipley county, I,ul.: 65 miles 8. E 
Indianapolis. 

Strudr p. o., Culpepper county, nrff, : 65 m. N. N W 

Strode's MrLi^, p. 0., Mifflin co., Pejw.: 49 m N W 
Ilarrrsburo:. 
Strong, t. and p. v., Franklin CO., Me. : 4S m. N.W by N 

sa?i"v^ /'"'■'T',"""'™ '" *^ 8.; well watered bj- 
^and, r., along which ,s a fine tract of fertUe intervale. The 
V. IS very pleasant. Pop. of 1. 1,008 

wT^TT^',^: ^- '"*""=' '"■• ^""•■■- O" Tellow cr., 
lOS m. W. by N. Ilarrisburg. 

STEON-Gsv,L,^E,t and p. v., Cuyahoga county, 0/no: 14 m. 
S. 8. W. Cleveland, 105 m. N. E. Columbus. Watered by 
E. branch of Rocky r., upon which the v. is situated. The 
V. contams several mills, stores, etc., and 3 churches. Pop. 

STEorosBrrBG, p. v., and cap. Monroe co.. Pen,,. : on the 
N. bank Of Smithfleld cr., 8 m. N. W. from Delaware Ga" 
9^ m N. E. Hamsburg. It is built upon one street aud 
ontams a com-t-house, jail, and other public buildiu^s a 
forge moved by water-power, pro,Iucing os„ „„„ "'^^ 
I shed""?' "''"•.'■•\'^"" *-k'y —papers are'ub- 
Derocrat'irmT'^Pop'^^f'"'"'" ^'^'"="'- """ "^-"o 

crfek'or" u'' V' '^™'"- '"■' ^- ''■■ 0" Butralo 
nd.;^, ;.;" Po^abo,' tS " '"'"""' ' ^-"-'-. " f- 

Jackl™. """"""' "• "■' '''"'''''" "'"""y- ^«»-- 25 m. N 
Sturhridok. t and n v w 

;^:i:ui'rri?^"=-^-;^ 

-..ughfl^^r— w:^:;:::^-^- 



STU 



SVQ 



the Quinnebaug, and improved by factories of cotton goiids, 
grist ajid saw mills, etc. The v. at the centre contains 2 
cinirc-hes. Pop. of t. 2,119. 

Btukoeoxvillk, p. o., Brunswick cnunty, Virg. : 5S m. 
8. by W. Richmond. 

STiiKyis, t p V and sta., St, Joseph's co., Mich.: 83 m.' 
S.^VV. Lansing. Tlie entire t. is pari of a rich track of prairie 
land. It is crossed by the Michigan Southern and Northern 
Indiana R. R.. on which the village is located, 131 m. from 
Chicago, 116 m. from Monroe. Pop. of t. S39. 

Stutvesant, t. and p. v., ColuniI)ia co., K.Y.: on E. 
eide of Hudson river, and on Hudson River R. R., IS m. S. 
Albany. Surface hilly, with productive soil. The v. on the 
river was formerly called Kinderhook Landing. It has con- 
siderable business with New York in supplying country 
produce- Pop. of 1. 1,766. 

Stutvesajjt Fai.I£, p. v., Columliia county, iVT Y.: on 
Kinderhook cr.,wliich furnishes ftne water-power to various 
mills, 23 m. S. Albany. 

Sublett's Taveen, p. 0., Powhatan co., Virg. : 21 m. W. 
Eicbraond. 

StTBLiGNA, p. o., Chattooga county, Ga. : 153 m. N. W. 
Milled trevillfc 

Success, p. o., Suffolk co., N. Y.: 134 ra. S. E. by S. 
Albany. 

SucKAsuNNT, p. V., Morris CO., X. Jer.: 45 m. N. by E. 
Trenton. 

ScTDBirRT, t and p. v., Middlesex co.. Mass. : 20 m. "W. 
Boston. Bounded E. by Sudbury r., a branch of Concord 
river. The inhabitants are chiefly engaged in agricultural 
pursuits. The v. at the centre is very pleasant. Popula- 
tion of t 1,57S. 

SuDEUET, t. and p. v., Rutland co.. Verm. : 45 m. S. W. 
Montpelier. Otter cr. forms part of its 1-]. boundary. Sur- 
face elevated and uneven. Pop, of t. "94. 

SuDLEEsviLLE, p. v., (^uecn Anne co., Md. : on the "W. 
Bide of the upper course of Tuckahoe cr., 42 m. E. by N. 
Annapolis. 

StTFiTiRN, p. o. and sta., Rockland co., y. Y. : on Erie 
E. R.. at junction of Union R. R., 112 m. S. by W. Albany. 
The vicinity is interesting, from its romantic scenery and 
Eevolutionary historj-, and is noted for its abundant iron ore. 

ScTFiELD, L and p. v., Hartford co., Corm. : on W. side of 
Connecticut r., and bounded N. by Massachusetts, 16 m. N. 
Hartford. Surface diversified; soil fertile loam, but with- 
out alluvial meadows, owing to the elevated banks, and 
affording some of the best farms in the State. The v., on 
one street, one mile long, is plex^antly built on elevated 
ground, c^)mmanding fine views of the river and vicinity. 
The Connecticut Literary Iiislitution, here located, was 
founded by the Baptists in 1S35; it has a brick edifice, four 
stories high, and employs four teachers. The v. and t. have 
considerable manufactories. Pop. of t. 2.962. 

SiTFFiELD, t and p. o,, Porlage co,, Ohio: lOS m. N. E. 
Columbus. Drained by branches of Cuyahoga r. Surface 
gently uneven. Pop. 1,275. 

Suffolk county, Mtifis. Situate E., and contains 109 
sq. m. Drained principally by the Charles r. It cinsist^ 
of Boston and Chelsea, in connection with several small 
islands. Surface generally level ; soil fertile. Chief prod- 
ucts, wheat, Indian com, and potatoes. This county has 
many extensive manufactures, and is at the present time 
the most important in (he State, the city of Boston constitut- 
ing the greater part of its area. Farms 76 ; manuf. 1,9S!) ; 
dwell. 16.567, and pop.— wh. 142,484, fr. col. 2.023— total 
142.507. CapiUil: UosUm. ruhlicWorkfi: Eastern R.R.; 
Boston and Maine E. II. ; Norfolk County E. R.; Boston 
antl Lowell P*. R. ; Fitchburg R. R, ; Bosl^m and Worcester 
E. R. ; Boston and Providence E. R. ; Old Colony R. R- ; 
Grand .lunction U, R.,etc. 

Suffolk county. X. Y. Comprehends the E. portion of 
Long Isiau'I. with ."Several considerable islands, the prin- 
cipal of which are Eisher's, Shelter, autTGardiner's islands, 

H5 



and contains 976 sq. m. Surface hilly and broken; soil a 
sandy Inam. It contains extensive salt meadow?i. and has 
some minerals. Chief products, wheat and Indian corn. 
Salt is extensively manufactured. Fishing is much follow- 
ed by the inhabitants. Farms 323; manuf. 96; dwelt. 6.745, 
and pop.— wh. 84.8(19, fr. col. 2,113— total 36.922. CapiUU : 
Suffolk C. H, Puhlic Worku: Long Island li, R. 

Suffolk, sta., Suffolk co., N. Y. : in Islip t., on Long 
Island E, R., 43 m, from New York. 

Suffolk, p. v., sta,, and cap, Nanseniond county, Mrg. : 
nn Nansemond r,, 72 m. S. L. by S. liiebmnnd. The Sea- 
board and Roanoke R. R. passes through, 17 m. fnim 
Portsmonth, 63 m. from Weldon ; as will also the Peters- 
burg and Norfolk R. R., now in construction. The v. con- 
tains the county buildings and 4 churches. The "Suffolk 
Intelligencer" (whig), and "Nansemond Chronicle" are 
semi-weekly issues. Pop. about 1.700. 

Suffolk Court-house, p. o,, Suffolk county, U'. Y. (Sea 

RlVEUnEAD.) 

Sugar Cueek, p. c, Telfair co., Ga. : 77 m, S, by E. 
Milledgeville. 

Sugar Creek, p. v., Hancock co., Imf. ; on the N. bank 
of a stream so called. 14 m. E. by S. Indianapolis. 

Sugar Creek, p, o., Crawford co,, Ptiiii. : near a lake so 
called, 1S3 m. N. Vf. Harrisburg. A furnace operated by 
steam, near here, has an annual capacity of 1.100 tons. 

Sugar Creek, p. o., Lawrence co., 'Jeini, : 69 m. S. S.W. 
Nashville. 

Sugar Creek, t. and p. o., "Walworth co., jr/.v<\ .- 47 m. 
S. E. Madison, Drained by branches of Fox r. There ;ire 
several small ponds in the io-wn. Surface level, consisting 
of limber and prairie land; soil of great fertility. Popu- 
lation 1,229. 

Sugar Grove, p, o., Pendleton co., Virg. : 128 m. N. W. 
Richmond. 

Sugar Grote. p. o., Kane co.. III. : on Blackberry cr. of 
Illinois r., 149 m. N. E. Springfield. 

Sugar Grove, p. o., Tippecanoe co., I>i(K : 159 m. N. W. 
Indianapolis. 

Sugar Gbove, p. o., Fairfield county, Ohio: 24 ro. S. E. 
Columbus. 

SiroAR Grove, p. v., Poweshiek co., la. : on a bmnch of 
South fork, Skunk r., 64 m. W. Iowa City. 

Sugar Grove, p. c, Butler county, Ay.; 113 m. S.W. 
Frankfort, 

Sugar Grove, p. o., Ashe co., i^. f'<tt\ : on the W. side 
of Watauga r., 183 m. W. by N. Raleigh. 

Sugar Gro^t:, I. and p. v., Warren co., P^nn.: 173 m. 
N. W. Harrisburg. Drained by Jackson's Run. Stillwater 
cr., and olher tributaries of Conewango cr.. alfordins excel- 
lent mill-power. Surface undulating; soil moderately fer- 
tile. The v. on Stillwater cr. is surrounded by groves of su- 
gar maples, and contains several mills, etc. 

Sugar Hill, p. o., Panola co., Tkr. .• 251 m, N. E. by E. 
Austin. 

Si:r.AR Hill, p. o., Grafton co., N. Hump. : 72 m. N. by W. 
Concord. 

Sugar Hill, p. o., Steuben co., -V; Y : 172 m. W. by S. 
Albany. 

Sugar Hill, p. o., M'Dowell county, A'. Car. : 191 m. W. 
Raleigh. 

Sugar Hill, p. o., HaU county, Ga. : 93 m. N. N. W. 
Milledgeville. 

8tr(JAR Lakr. p. o., Crawford co., Pejm. : near a lake so 
called, lti3 m. N. W. Harrisburg. 

SufiAR Land, p. o., Matagorda CO., Tex.: 142 ra. S. E. 
Austin. 

Sugar Loaf, p. v., Orange CO., A'^ }'. .* 102 m. S. by W, 
Albany. 

Sugar Loaf, p. o., Sebastian co., Ark: : 107 m. W, by N. 
Little Rock. 

St'GARLOAF mountain, Frederick co., Md. : a conspicuous 
elevation near Monocacy r, in the S. part of the county. Il 

825 



sua 



SUL 



is the southern termiualiou of the ridge called CatocUn 
Mountain, traversing in a N. and 8. direction. 
Sdoar Run, p. c, Bradford co., Penn,: 99 in. N. Harri3burg. 
SuGARTowN, p. 0., Chestef county, Pemu: 63 m. E. S. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Sugar Teee. p. 0., Pittsylvania co., Virg. : 160 m. S. W. 
Eichmnnd. 

Sugar Tree Ridge, p. o.. Highland co., OJuo: 63 m. 
S. W. Columbus. 

Sugar Valley, p. c, Murray co., Ga. : 100 m. N. W. 
Milledgeville. 

Sugar Vallev, p. c, Preble co., Ohio : ST m. W. S. "W. 
CoJurabus. 

Sugar Vallet, p. o., Clinton co., Penn, : 71 m. N, W. 
Harrisburg. 

SuoGsviLLE, p. v., Clark co., Ala. : 100 m. S. "W. by W. 
Milledgeville. Pop. about 200. 

SuisuN, v., Solano co., Octlif. : is laid out on the W. bank 
of the Sacramento r,, about SO m, from San Francisco, half 
way between it and Sacramento City, and 30 miles E. from 
Vallejo. The country surrounding the town, and the site 
itself, is the first healthy and high ground after passing the 
tide marshes which lie at the jimclion of the Sacramento 
and San Joaquin. The town was surveyed and laid out by 
C. S. Lyman, and is a very pretty place. Large squares are 
reserved for a university and other public edifices, and lota 
are reserved for churches of every denomination. A com- 
modious square on the river is appropriated to the purposes 
of a market and a steamboat landing. The streets are very 
broad, and altogether it forms a picturesque appearance. 
It is not supposed that this will ever become a great com- 
mercial position, but the beauty of the climate and scenery, 
and the agricultural capacities of the surrounding counlrj', 
will eventually make it the *' Hyde Park" of California. 

SuisuN bay, Solano co., Calif. : an arm or division of San 
Francisco bay. It is connected with an expansion of the 
river so called, formed by the junction of the Sacramento 
and San Joaquin, which enter San Francisco bay in the 
eame latitude nearly as the mouth of the Tagus at Lisbon. 
A delta 25 m. in length, divided into islands by deep chan- 
nels, connects the bay with the valleys of the San Joaquin 
and Sacramento, into the mouths of which the tide flows, 
and which enter the bay together as one river. The coun- 
try around Suisun bay presents low ridges and rounded 
hills clothed with wild oats and clover, and more or less 
openly wooded on their summits. The anchorage is good 
for vessels of the largest draught 

SuisuN valley, Solano co., Calif, : N. of Suisun bay, and 
E. of Green "Valley, 6 m. square, covered by Spanish grant, 
opens on the E. into Sacramento valley. The soil is exceed- 
ingly fertile and well cultivated. It is e.^pecially prolific in 
the grasses : the bay consists chiefly of wild ojits and clover. 
Navigation is excellent. Large quantities of hay are shipped 
from here, and six vessels are constantly taking produce 
from the embarcadero. 

SuiaivAN ciiunty, IiuL Situate S. W. on the Wabash r., 
and contains 4:J0 sq. m. The interior is drained by Turn- 
man's, Turtle, and liusseron creeks. Surface generally 
level, and heavily timbered. The bottoms and prairies are 
of small extent. Many sections have excellent soil, and 
coal is found in abundance. Farms 1,215; manul". 31; dwell. 
1,675, and pop.— wh. 10,110, fr. col. 31— total 10,141. Capi- 
tal: Sullivan. 

Sullivan county, Mo. Situate N., and contains 637 sq. m. 
Drained by Locust and Yellow creeks and their branches. 
Surface rolling and pleasantly diversified ; soil very fertile, 
and produces abundantly wlieat, Indian com, and oats. 
The land is in general good, and in all portions where care 
has been bad to cultivation, is highly productive. Farms 
817; manuf. 5; dwell. 457, and pop.— wh. 2,895, fr. col. 0, 
el. 8fi_total 2.9S3. Capital: Milan. 

Sullivan county, N. Ilamp. Situate "W. toward the S. 
part of the State, and contains 616 sq. m. Drained by Sugar 1 



and Cold rivers and their tributaries, which furnish abund- 
ant water-power to the county. Surface, though elevated, 
is not mountainous ; soil rich and very productive, particu- 
larly along the Connecticut, which forms its W. boundary. 
It has numerous ponds and lakes, the principal of which is 
Sunapee lake, toward the S. E. Principal products wheat, 
Indian corn, and potatoes. Farms 2,129; manuf. 141; 
dwell. 3,649, and pop.— wh. 19,-341, fr. col. 34— total 19,375. 
Capital: Newport Public Works : Sullivan R. K. 

Sullivan county, N. Y. Situate toward the S. E., and 
contains 7S4 sq. m. Drained by Mongoup and Nevcrsinb 
rivers, branches of the Delaware, and Bashe's, Beaver, and 
Little Beaver kills. Surface hilly, and in some parts mount- 
ainous, and well suited for grazing; soil various, but in 
general fertile, and in the valleys adapted to the raising of 
grain, etc. Chief products wheat and Indian corn. It con- 
tains several minerals. Near Wartzboro' lead ore of a good 
quality is found. Farms 1,SS9; manuf. 360; dwell. 4,355, 
and pop.— wh. 24,996, fr. col. 92— total 25,0SS. CapiUtl: 
Monticello. PuUic Works : New York and Erie K. E. ; 
Delaware and Hudson Canal. 

Sulltvan county, Penn. Situate toward the N. E., and 
contains 434 sq. m. Drained by Plunket's cr., a tributary 
of Susquehanna river. Surface uneven ; soil fertile, adaptr 
ed to wheat and Indian com. Farms 425; manuf. 26; 
dwell. 660, and pop.— wh. 3,633, fr. col. 11— total 8,694. 
Capital: Laporte. PuUic Works: Towanda R. K. 

Sullivan county, Tenn. Situate N. E., and contains 524 
sq. m. Ilolslon r. passes through it from E. to W., by which 
and its affluents it is drained. Surface mountainous; soil 
consisls of deep loam with clay intermixed, and productive, 
fine crops of wheat and Indian corn being raised, and 
adapted to the culture of tobacco. Timber is found on the 
land. Farms 816; manuf. 15 ; dwell. 1,S2G, and pop. — wh. 
10.005, fr. col. 133, si. 1,004— total 11,742. Capit^il: Blount- 
ville. Puhlic Works: East Tennessee and Virginia E. R. 
Sullivan, p. v., Moultrie co., III. : on the E. of a branch 
of Kaskaskia r., 53 m. E. by S. Springfield. 

Sulltvan, t. and p. o., Tioga co., Penn. : 108 ra. N. Har- 
risburg. Drained by branches of Tioga r. Surface uneven ; 
soil of inferior quality, well timbered. It contains numer- 
ous saw and other mills. Pop. about 1,500. 

Sullivan, p. v., and cap. Sullivan co., Ind. : on the left 
bank of Busseron creek, 75 m. S. W. Indianapolis. It was 
laid out in 1342, and contains a court-house, jail, county 
seminary, and two churches. 
Sullivan, p. o., Jackson co., Ta. : 67 m. N. E. Iowa City. 
Sullivan, t. and p. v., Hancock co., Me.: at the head of 
Frenchman's bay, with Taunton bay on the W., 82 m. E. 
by N. Augusta. The outlet of a pond in the N. E. part 
flows into Frenchman's bay, and furnishes mill privileges. 
Its location for navigation is good, and it has some ship- 
building. There are some light manufactories of woolen 
goods, flour, and lumber in the town. The v. is located on 
Taunton bay, at which point a bridge 1,400 feet long con- 
nects the town with Hancock. Pop. of t. SIO. 

Sullivan, t. and p. v., Cheshire co., N. Ilamp. : 80 m. 
8. "VV. Concord. Drained by a branch of Ashuelot r., cross- 
ing its S. E. part. Incorporated in 17S7. Water privileges 
are good, and it contains several mills. The village is in the 
centre of the town. Pop. of t 46S. 

Sullivan, p. o., Ashland county, Ohio: 66 m. N. N. E. 
Columbus. 

Sullivan, t and p. o., Jefferson county, Wise. : 41 miles 
E. by S. Madison. Drained by branches of Rock river. 
Surface various; soil very fertile: grain and grass thrive 
equally, and this is a good farming town. Pop. S72. 

Sullivan's island, Charleston disI.,*S. Car.: u small Isl.ind 
lying at the mouth of Charleston harbor. It is resorted to by 
the citizens of Charleston for the enjoyment of its scenery 
and salubrious atmosphere. 

SuLLivANVTLLE, p. 0., Chcmung county, JV! T. ; 160 milea 
S. W. by "W. Albany. 



S0L 



SUM 



Stjlphijb Blfff, p. o., Hopkiu3 co., Tex. : 252 m. N. E. 
Austin City. 

SuLpnuE Hill, p. o., Shelby county, Ind. : 25 miles S. E. 
Indianapolis. 

SuLPHLR Lick, p. o., Lincoln county, 3/t>. ; 72 miles N. E. 
Jefferson Cily. 

Sulphite Lick, p. o., Monroe co., Xy. ; 109 m. S. by W. 
Frankfort. 

Sulphur Rock, p. o., Independence county, Ark. : on a 
branch of White r., 90 m. N. N. E. Little Rock. 

SuLPHua Spring, p. o., Crawford county, Ohio : 57 m. N. 
Columbus. 

SruurE Spring valley, Solano co., C<.tUf.: runs up frnm 
Suisun bay, 2 miles X. of Benicia and near Vallf jo, from li)u 
to 4"XI yards wide, and winds through the Suscul Uills for 5 
or 6 miles. The soil is rich and well watered. The springs 
located here are of good temperature for bathing. 

Sulphur Springs, p. v., Williamson county. III. : on the 
Sangamon and Massac R. R., 155 ra. S. S. E. Springtii^d. 

Sulphur Springs, p. o., Madison co., Miss. : 27 m. N. 
Jackson. 

Sulphitr Springs, p. o., Henry co., /»</. ; 39 m. N. E. 
Indianapolis. 

SuLPnuE Springs, p. v., Jefferson co., 3fo. : on the W. 
Bide of the Mississippi river. 96 m. E. by S. Jefferson City. 
There are a numbtr uf springs in the vicinity, and iron ore 
and lead also abound. 

SuLPnuE Springs, p. o., Cherokee co., T<:<b. : 191 m. N. E. 
Austin City. 

SiTJ'HUE Springs, "p. c, Benton county, Ala. : 103 miles 
N- E. by N. Montgomery. 

Sulphur Springs, p. v., Rhea co., Tenn. : on the W. 
bank of the Tennessee r., Ill in. E. S. E. Nashville. 

Sulphur Well, p. o., Shi^lby co., Temi. : ls3 m. W. S.W. 
Nashville. 

SuMMEaFiELD, p. V., Dallas co,, Ahi. : on a branch of the 
Cahawba r., 49 m. W. by N. Montgomery. 

Su>LMERFiELD, t. and p. v., Mouroe county, Mich. : 77 m. 
S. E. Lansing. Drained by Raisin r. Surface rolling, with 
prairie land and good timber ; soil fertile, producing excel- 
lent grain ; and some sheep and hogs are raised. The v. is 
on the Raisin r., and contains several mills, etc. The Mich- 
igan Southern and Northern Indiana li. K. crosses the N. 
pari, on which is Petersburg station, 2S miles W. Monroe. 
Pop. of t. 472. 

SuMMEEFiELD, p. V., GuUford CO., 31 Cui'. : 71 m. N. W. 
Ealeigh. 

SuMMERFiELP. p. V., Noble CO., Ohio : on the E, boundary, 
85 m. E. by S. Columbus. 

SuMMEKFORD, t, aud p. V., MadisoH CO., Ohio: 24 m. W. 
Columbus. Drained by the head walers of Deer cr. tribut- 
ary of Scioto r, affording good mill-power. The v. is on the 
cr, pop. of V. i;iy, and of the t, 755. 

SuiiMEa Gro\-e, p. 0., Smith county, Tiy. ; 209 m. N. E. 
Austin City. 

SuMiiEE Hill, t. and p. v., Cayuga co., N. Y. : 1-54 m. W. 
Albany. Drained by the head branches of Fall creek. Sur- 
face hilly; soil of moderate fertilily. It contains several 
mills and a tannery. The v. is on a branch of Fall creek. 
Pop. of 1. 1,251. 

Summer Hill, L and p. v., Cambria co., Penn. : 101 m.W. 
by N. Harrisburg. Drained by branches of Kiskiminetas r,, 
affording power to several mills. It conlaina some light 
manufactures. The Pennsylvania R. R. pa-sses through the 
town, and a branch connects it with Ebensburg, about 11 
miles N. 

SuMMEESET, p. V., Polfc CO., la. : on the N. side of Middle 
river branch of the Des Moines, 112 m. W. by S. Iowa City. 

Summeesvili.f-, p. v., Greene co., Ky. : on Pitman*s cr., 
64 m. S. by W. Frankfort 

SuMMERSviLLE, p. v., Jcffcrson CO., Pejin. : 125 m. N. W. 
Harrisburg. 

SriiMERViLLE, p. v., aud cap. Chattooga county, Ga. : on 



the W. bank of the Chattooga branch of Coosa river, 153 m. 
N. W. MiUedgeville, and contains a court-house, jail, etc. 

SuMMERviLLB, p. 0., Cumberland county, N. Car. ; 41 m. 
S. W. Raleigh. 

SuMMEKviLLE. p. V., Cass CO., Mich. : on Dowagiake r.. 
101 m. S. W. Lansing. The country in the vicinity consisls 
of dry prairie land. 

SuMMERTTLLE, p. V., Charleston district, S. Car.: on the 
Souih Carolina R. R., 22 in. N. W. Charleston, and 104 by 
railroad S. E. Columbia. 

SuMMERViLLE, p. v., Rock CO., Wlsc. ." OH the S. of Turtle 
cr., 4T m. S. E. Mailison. 

SuMiiERviLLE, p. o., Boonc CO., Mo. : 29 m. N.W. Jefferson 
City. 

Summit county, Ohio. Situate toward the N. E.,and con- 
tains 5o2 sq. m. Cuyahoga river flows through the central 
portion, by which and its tributaries and by head branches 
of Tuscarawas river it is drained; good water-power is 
supplied in their courses. Surface undulating, in parts 
hilly ; soil a rich vegetable mold, and produces in abund- 
ance wheat, Indian com, and potatoes. Large numbers of 
cattle and hogs are fattt-ned and sent to market, transporta- 
tion being greatly facilitated by means of the Ohio Caual. 
Timber is exported. Farms 2,329 ; manuf. 292 ; dwell. 
4,SS5, and pop.— wh. 27.422, fr. col. 03— ^ital 27,485. Cap- 
ital: Akron. Public M'urks : Cleveland and Pittsburg 
K. li. ; Cleveland, Zanesville and Cincinnati R. R. ; Ohio 
Canal, etc.. 

Summit, p. c, Oakland county, Mich.: 57 miles E. by S. 
Lansing. 

Summit, p. o., Summit co., Oldo : lOS m. N. E. Columbus. 

Summit, sta.. Licking CO., OAio; ou the Central Ohio R.R., 
22 m. E. Columbus. 

Summit, p. v., Blount co., Ala. : on the W. boundary line 
of Marshall co., 128 m. N. from Montgomery. 

Summit, p. o., Whitley county, Jnd.: 99 m. N. by E. 
Indianapolis. 

Summit, p. v. and sta., Essex co., J^. Jei: : on the E. of 
the Passaic r., on the Morris and Essex R. R., 13 m. W. from 
Newark, and 41 N. E. from Trenton. 

Summit, t. p. v., anil sta., Schoharie co,, iY Y.: 46 m. 
W. by S. Albany. Drained by Charlotte r., and tributaries 
of Schoharie cr. Surface high and hilly ; soil adapted to 
grass. It contains several manufactrmes. The v. is on a 
branch of the Schoharie cr. Pop. of t. 1.800. 

Summit, sta., Clinton co., JV. Y. : on the Northern (Og- 
ilensburg) R. E., 37 m. W. Rouse's Point, and 162 m. N. 
from Albany. 

Summit, p. o., Northampton co., N. Car. : 85 m. N. E. 
Raleigh. 

Summit, sta., Broome co., If. Y. : on the New York and 
Erie R. R., 194 m. N. W. New York cily, and l(i4 m. S. W. 
(direct) from Albany. Thu road at this point has been cut 
through a solid roi-k, at an expense of $20n,000. 

Summit, sta., Rutland co.. Verm. : on the Rutland and 
Burlington E. R., IS m. S. Rutland, and 72 m. S. W. 
Monipelier. 

Summit, p. v., Cambria co., P^im.: on the head branch 
of Kiskiminetas r., and on the Philadtlpliia and Pennsyl- 
vania R. R., 150 m. W. by N. Harrisburg. A furnace of 
1,100 tons annual capacity is near the village. 

Summit, sta., Chester co., Penn. : on the Columbia and 
Philadelphia E. R., 44 m. E. by S. Harrisburg. 

Summit, t. and p. v., Waukesha co., U'iV. ; 57 m. R 
Madison. Drained by branches of Rock and Fox creeks, 
and it has several ponds, which, with the streams, afford 
excellent water-power, and there are several mills. Surface 
level, and well wooded ; soil fertile. The v. is centrally 
situated. Fop. of t. 1,003. 

Summit Bbioge, p. o., Newcastle co., Pfl. : on the Chesa- 
peake and Delaware Canal, 27 m. N. by W. Dover. At this 
point there is a bridge over a deep rut in the canal. 

Summit Hill, p. v. and sta., Carbon co., Penn,: on the 

S27 



SUM 



SUN 



Mauch Chunk and Summit Hill R. R., 9 m. TV, Mauch 
Chunk, and 64 m. N. E. Harrisburg. Coal is found in the 
vicinity, and the inhabitants of the village are mostly em- 
ployed in the mines. Pop. 2,501. 

Summit Mills, p. o., Somerset co., Pe^m. ; 118 m. W.S.W. 
Harrisbiirg. 

SiiMMrr Poraxjp.o., Jefferson CO., Tzrg.: 117m. N. by W. 
Richmond. 

SuMMiTviLLE, p. V., Lee CO., la. : 77 m. 8. Iowa city. The 
Dubuque and Keokuk R. R. will pass through this village. 

ScMMiTviLLE, p. V., MadisoQ county, Ind,: 30 m. N. E. 
Indianapolis. 

Sumner county, Tenn. Situate N., and contains 496 
sq. ra. Drained by iiflluenls of Cumberland river, which 
forms its snuihem boundary. Surface rolling; soil, which 
consists c>f a deep, black m'lld, ia fertile, and well adapted to 
tobacco and cotton, large quantities of which are produced. 
Fine crops of wheat and Indian com are raised, and the 
county is generally rich in agricultural productions. Farms 
1,335; manuf. 103; dwell. 2,555. and pop.— wh. 14,511, fr. 
col. 200, 8l. 8.006— total 22,717. CapiUil: Gallatin. Public 
Works: Louisville and Nashville R. R. ; Nashville and 
Cincinnati R, R. 

SuMXER, t. and p. v., Oxford co.. Me. : 33 m. TV. Augusta. 
There is a pond in the W. part. Drained by a branch of 
the Androscoggin r. Surface undulating; soil fertile, and 
much grain is raised. The t contains several tanneries, 
mills, etc. East Sumner and West Sumner are the names 
of villages. Pop. of t. 3,151. 

SuMNEYTOWN, p. v., Montgomery eo., Pe7in. : on Perkio- 
man creek, and on line of Upper Saiford and Marlboro' 
townships, 75 m. E. Ilarrisburg. In the v. is a furnace of 900 
tons annual capacity, and a forge making 140 tons blooms 
and 100 tons bar iron, and powder is manufactured iu the 
vicinity. 

Si-MTER county, Ala. Situate "W., and contains 963 sq. m. 
Drained by affluents of Torabigbee river and its W. fork. 
Surface hilly, and partly broken ; soil iu general fertile. On 
the streams are some fine tracts of land very productive, and 
adapted to cotton and other agricultural productions. Farms 
C6S ; manuf. 12 ; dwell. 1,342, and pop.— wh. 7,369, fr. col. 
60, si. U.S31— total 22,250. Capital: Livingston. Public 
Works: Alabama and Mississippi R. R. 

Sumter county, Ga. Situate toward the S. W., and con- 
tains 6S9sq. m. Drained by branches of Flint river. Surface 
varied ; soil fertile, and very productive. Wheat, Indian 
corn, and grain, are raised in considerable quantities, but 
cotton is the staple, tlic land being well adapted to its growth. 
Apple, pear, and other fruit trees, are grown, and there is 
some good timber on the land. It contains some mtuerals. 
Farms 763; manuf. 84; dwell. 1,109, and pop.— wh. 6.469, 
fr. col. 18, si. 3.S35— total 10,322. Capital: Americus. 
Piihlic Works : South-Western R. R. 

Sumter district, S. Car. Situate S. E. centrally, and con- 
tains 1,391 sq. m. Drained by Black river and its branches, 
and branches of San tee river. Surface level ; soil moderately 
fertile, being of a sandy nature. Chief productions rice, 
cotton, and Indian com. Farms 1,343; manuf. 82; dwell. 
1,90S, and pop.— wh. 9,S15, fr. col. 340, si. 23.065— total 
83,220. Capital: Sumterville. PuUic Works: Wilmington 
and Manchester R. R. ; Camden Branch R. R. ; Columbia 
Branch R. R. 

Sumter, p. o., Trinity co., Tex. : 161 m. N. E. by E. Austin 
City. 

Sumterville, p. v., Sumter co., Ala. : 119 m. W. by N. 
Montgomery, 

Sumterville, p. v., Lee CO., 6a. : on a branch of Flint 
r., 96 m S. S. W. Milledgeville. 

Sumterville, p. v., Sumter dist., S. Car.: on the Wil- 
mington and Manchester R. R., 146 m. W. S. W. Wilming- 
ton (N. C), 4S m. E. by S. Columbia. The "Black River 
Watchman" and " Sumpter Banner," both democratic, are 
Issued weekly. 
S2S 



Sus, p. 0., St. Tammany parish, La. : 61 m. E. Baton 

Rouge. 

Su.vAPRE lake, N. IT. : in the N. W. part of Merrimac co.^ 
and the E. part of Sullivan county, in the towns of Sunapee, 
New London, and Newl>ury, 9 m. long, and aimut IJ m. 
in width. Its elevation above the sea level is 1,0S0 feet, and 
the descent of its outlet, Sligar river, to the Connecticut, ia 
very rapid. 

SuxBURY, p. v., Livingston county, III.: 97 m. N. E. 
Springfield. 

SuNBURY. p. v., Delaware county, Ohio. : on Walnut cr., 
21 m. N. Columbus. It contains several stores, workshops, 
and is a thriving village. 

SuNBURT, p. v.. Gates co., N. Car.: on the E. side of 
Bennett's cr., 121 m. N. E. Raleigh. 

SuNBUEY, p. b., and cap. Northumberland co., Penn. : on 
theE. bank of the Susquehanna r., below the confluence of ita 
N. and W. branches, at Northumberland, 44 m. N. Harris- 
burg. Its location is on a broad plain, in the township of 
Augusta. The Pennsylvania Canal is carried across the 
river by a basin created by the Shamokin dam, 2,7S3 feet 
long, a short distance below the t. nearly a mile in width. 
A railroad connects Sunbury with the Shamokin coal mines, 
19 miles E., and Sunbury will be an important point on the 
line of railroads from the Delaware to Lake Erie, now in 
progress of construction. A bridge across the N. branch of 
the Susquehanna connects the town with Northumberland 
It contains a court-house and county offices of brick, a jail 
built of stone, and several churches. Coal, iron, and iime 
stone are abundant in the vicinity, and there are some 
manufachires in the v. The " S. American," " S. Gazette," 
and the " Deutscher Americaner" are issued weekly. Pop. 
of 1. 1,219. 

SuNcooK, p. v., Merrimac co., N. ITamp. : on the W. side 
of Suncook r., near its junction with the Merrimac, and on 
the Portsmouth and Concord R. R., 40 m. W. by M. Porta 
mouth, and 7 m. S. E. from Concord. It contains some 
light manufactures. 

Suncook river, Al ITamp. : rises in several ponds between 
Gilmant*^n and Guilford, near the summit of one of the Sun- 
cook mountains, elevated 900 feet above its base. It flows 
in S. W. direction, and empties into the Merrimac, in the 
town of Allerstown. 

Sunday Creek Cross Roads, p. o.. Perry co., Ohio : near 
a cr. so called, 54 m. S. E. Columbus. 

Sunderland, t and p. v., Franklin co., Mass. : on tho 
E. side of the Connecticut r., 79 m. W. by N. Boston. Sur- 
face along the river is level, back of which it i> mountaiu- 
ous; soil fertile. This is chiefly a farming town. The v. is 
built upon one street running parallel with the r, and con- 
tains several churches and some handsome dwellings. A 
bridge here crosses the river. Mount Toby lies partly in 
Sunderland, and partly in Leverelt. Pop. of L 792. 

Sunderland, t. an<l p. v., Bennington co., Verm.: 89 m. 
S. W. by S. Montpelier. Drained by Battenkill r. and 
Roaring brook. Surface uneven, and in part mountainous; 
soil fertile. It has excellent water-power, and some light 
manufactures. Sulphuret of iron is found in consiiierable 
quantities, and lead ore has been discovered in graTuilar 
limestone. The v. is on the Western Vermont R. R., 86 m. 
S. by W. Rutland. Pop. of t. 479. 

SuNFisn, p. 0., Monroe county, Ohio : in the village of 
Clarington, at the mouth of Sunflsh creek, 111 m. E. by S. 
Columbus. 

Sun Flower county, Miss. Situate W. toward the N.. and 
contains S24 sq. m. Drained by Sun Flower r. and it3 
branches. Surface moderately level ; soil fertile, and adapt- 
ed to cotton, which is the chief production. Farms -43, 
dwell. 75, and pop.— wh. 348, fr. col. 0, si. 754— total 1,102. 
Capital: M*Nutt. 

SuNKHAZE, p. v., Penobscot co., 3Te. : on the E. side of 
the Penobscot r. at the mouth of Sunkhaze r., 77 m. N. E. 
Augusta. 



SUN 



BUS 



StrxsY Side, p. v., Lowndes Co., ..d^rt..- on a branch of Big 
Swamp cr., 29 m. S. W. Montgomery. 

SfM Praibie, U and p. o., Dane co., Wi6C : 21 m. N. E. 
Madison. Drained by aftluenta of Kock r. Surface rolling ; 
soil fertile. Pop. 500. 

Su.NRiSK, p. o., Balh county, Virg.: 131 m. W. by N. 
Richmond. 

SuNviLLE, p. o., Venango county, Penn. : 174 m. N. W. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Sui'ERioE, t. and p. o., 'Washtenaw co., Mich. : 55 ra. S. E. 
Lansing. Drained by Kouge and Huron rivers, fruin which 
good water-power is derived. Surface is gently undulating, 
with a rich soil. Timber is abundant. Pop. 1,127. 

StrpEKioR lake, the largest of the 5 great hikes of North 
Amerioa, and said to be the largest body of fresh w.-iter in 
llie world. Its length is 350 m., and greatest breadth 150 ra. 
It contains a number of islands of various sizes, the largest 
of wbieh is Isle Koyal, in the N. W., about 100 m. long and 
40 broad. The elevation of the lake's surface above the high 
tide of the ocean has been calculated to bo 1,048 feet, and 
the average depth of its bottom 900 feet. The lake is sub- 
ject to as violent gales as the Atlantic, and equally as diffi- 
cult of navigation. The co.-ist is generally elevated, rocky, 
and in some parts mountainous. The vessels navigating 
the lake are confined within its own waters, as the Falls of 
Si. Mary present a complete obstruction to comnuinication 
with the lakes below. This obstruction is in course of re- 
moval, by the building of a ship channel around the Falls 
nf Sl Mary; and, when completed, the wide expanse of 
Lake Superior will be added to the present extent of the 
hike navigation. The length of the road to be cut by this 
canal is three-fourths of a mile, at an estimated expense of 
$'2:iO,ono. lly this means access will be obtained to the 
whole country tributary to Luke Superior— a tract rich in 
timber atid mineral wealth. It receives more than 30 rivers, 
and discharges its waters into Lake Huron by the Straits of 
SI. Mary. The temperature of the water of the lake, during 
the summer, a falhom or two below the surface, is but a few 
ilegrees above the freezing point. In the western portion 
the water is much colder than in the eastern — the surface 
flow becoming warmer as it approaches the outlet. The 
mirage wliieh frequently occurs is occasioned by the differ- 
ence between the temperature of the air and the lake. In 
the region about the shores of Lake Superior many valuable 
mines of copper and other ores have been discovered within 
a few years past, and are now being extensively worked. 
The products of the copper mines for the year 1S51 amount- 
ed to about 2,500 tons, or about one-half the annual con- 
sumption of the United States. The copper, for certain pur- 
poses in the arts, stands unrivaled ; and, according to present 
report, it surpasses all the ores of copper in density and 
tenacity. The per centage of silver, too inconsiderable in 
most cases to justify separation, still enhances its value, by 
protecting it in a considerable degree from the corrosive 
action of salt water. The boundary line between the U. S. 
and the British possessions passes from the outlet through 
the mid<ile of the E. section of this lake ; but toward the W. 
it is carried clear round to the N. of Isle Iloyal, giving that 
island and Ihe whole body of the lake below it to the U. S. ; 
then parsing round the TV, extremity of the island, it inclini's 
S. to the entrance of Pigeon river, leaving Jhe largest por- 
tion of this section of the lake on the British side. The 
Pictured Rocks, so called, toward the E. end of the lake, are 
a great natural curiosity. They form a perpendicular wall, 
800 feet high, extending about 12 m. along the shore of the 
lake. Tlii-y have numerous caverns and projections. The 
flsliing stations about the coast are numerous, and several 
thousand of barrels of fish are put up and exported an- 
nually, the waters of this lake yielding an exhaustless sup- 
ply of this article. The species caught are. the trout, 
white fish, and sturgeon, the two ibrmer of which arc 
highly prized in the markets. 

Sukokon's Hall, p. v., Alleghany co., Penn. : on a small 



stream flowing into the Monongahela river, IGO m. W, 
Harrisburg. 

SijERouNDED HiLLs, p. o., Mouroe CO., Arl:; 69 m. E. 
Little Rock. 

SuKRY county, JV; Car. Situate N., toward the W.. and 
contains 670 sq. m. Drained by Yadkin r. and its branches, 
Surt'ace varied, generally much broken, and mountainous ; 
soil fertile, and the uplands adapted to pasturage. Chief 
productions, cotton, tobacco, Indian corn, wheal, and pota- 
toes. Farms l,5o3; manuf. 4s ; dwell. 2,797, and pop. — 
wh. 16,171, fr. col. 273, si. 2,000— total 15,443. Capital: 
liockford. 

SrKKY county, Vo'g. Situate toward the S. E., and con- 
tains 2ti;5 sq. m. Drained by small branches of James and 
Blackwater rivers. Surface an extended plain : soil a deep 
loam, and fertile, in some portions making fine pasture land. 
Chief produ(.'iions, cotton and Indian corn, potatoes, etc. 
Farms 301 ; manuf 5 ; dwell. G50, and i)op.— wh. 2,215, fr. col. 
9S5, .si. 2,479— total 5,679. Capital: Surry C. H. 

SuKKY, t. and p. v., Hancock co., Me. : 65 m. E. by N. 
Augusta. This is a very ferlile farming town, having a 
number of ponds and excellent water privileges. Union 
River bay bounds it on the E., affording navigable faeiliiies. 
Its manufactures consist of leather, lumber, etc. The v. is 
situated at the head of an inlet of Union River bay. Pop. 
oft 1,1S9. 

SuKRY, t and p. v., Cheshire county, K. ITamp.: 43 m. 
S. W. by "W. Concord. Drained by Ashuelot r. Surface 
varied, in parts uneven. On the summit of a mountain, on 
the E. side of Ashuelot r., is a p'lnd covering 3 acres, 25 feet 
deep. Incorporated in 1769. The village contains several 
shops and stores. Pop. oft. 550. 

Sl'rry C. IL, p. v., and cap. Surry co., Vtrg.: near an 
iidet of James r., 43 ra. S. E. Richmond. It contains a 
court-house, jail, etc. 

SfScoL valley, Solano co., Calif. : a little W". of Suscol 
Hills ; runs from the cily of Vallejo to the norlhern pari of 
the county; 8 m. in length and 3 in width. Napa bay wash- 
ing ils whole length. It is a desirable and interesting c^mn- 
Iry, well adapted to farming, and has a luxuriant growth of 
wild oats. Ruiming through this valley are two large soda 
springs, which, after winding through low hills, empty into 
Napa bay. One of these springs, 4 m. N. of Vallejo, is called 
Sulphur Spring Waters, and is of good temperature for 
bathing. 

Suspension Bridge, p. c, Niagara county, N. Y. : 27G m. 
W. by N. Albany. 

Sr9iin:nANNA county, Pemi. Situate N. E., and con- 
tains 712 sq. m. Dr.tined by branches of Siis(iuehanna r., 
which flows through its N. part. Surface billy, and the 
land in matiy places is much broken ; soil fertile, and pro- 
duces excellent crops of wheat and Indian corn. It is cov- 
ered In different portions with a fine growth of limber, and 
has good pasturage for cattle. Farms 3.909; manuf. 322; 
dwell. 5,203, and pop.— wh. 2S,529, fr. col. i::.9— loiul 2s,G^S. 
Capital: Montrose. Public Work^i: New York and Erie 
K. R. ; Lackawanna and Western R. R. 

SusciCEHASNA, p. o., Broome co,. A'". Y. : on W. bank of 
Susquehanna r., 124 m. W. S- W. Albany. 

Susquehanna, t. and p. o., Dauphin co., Penn.: on E. 
aide of the Sucquehatma r. Drained by Pax^"n cr. Sur- 
face uneven; soil fertile. Blue Mountain crosses the N. 
part. Its manufactures are flour, lumber, etc. Uarriaburg 
lies partly in this town. Pop. 1,526. 

Susquehanna river, Pemi. : this river, the largest in the 
State, rises in Otsego county. New York, and flows S. W. 
(receiving Uuadilla river in Sidney t.) until it enters Penn- 
sylvania. It then returns into New. York by bending W. 
course, receives Chenango river at Bingbampton. and flow- 
ing again into Pennsylvania receives Chemung river 3 m. 
below the State line. Ils general course in crossing the 
Stale is in form nearly that of an oxbow. It receives the 
western branch, ils largest tributary, at Northumberland, the 

829 



sus 



SWA 



Juniata river at BloomfleM, and empties into Chesapeake 
bay, in the north-east part of Maryland, at Havre de Grace, 
at which place it is 1} m. wide. It ia about 450 miles long, 
but ils importance for navigation is not commensurate with 
Ihis great length. It is navigable for sloops 5 miles from its 
mouth to Port Deposit, at the head of the tide, beyond 
which it is entirely obstructed for 50 ra. by a frequent suc- 
cession of rapids. In its upper parts the natural obstruc- 
tions are not great, and might be easily overcome. During 
freshets a great amount of lumber and produce is sent down 
in rafts, etc. Canals are extensively constructed along its 
banks, which greatly facilitate the movements of commerce. 

SusQUEiiANXA Dep6t, p. o. flud sta., Susquehanna co., 
Peun. : on the Erie K. R., 202 m. frora New York, 267 m. 
from Dunkirk, 115 m. N. N. E. Harrlsburg. At this station 
the Erie K. R. Company have large shops for repairing en- 
gines, cars, etc., and thus formed a small but flourishing 
settlement. 

Susses county, Del. Situate S., and contains 994 sq. m. 
Drained by Nanticoke river and its branches, which enter 
Chesapeake bay, and Jones, Cold Spring, Cedar, Mispillion, 
and other small creeks which flow into Delaware bay. Sur- 
face in general level, and a large portion is marshy ; soil 
varied, much of it being of a sandy nature. Chief produc- 
tions wheat, Indian corn, and potatoes. There is fine graz- 
ing land in the co. Farms 2,746; manuf. 11 ; dwell. 4,319, 
and pop.— wh. 20,343, fr. col. 4,039, si. 1,54&— total 25,935. 
CdjilUd: Georgetown. 

Sussex county, N. Jer. Situate N. W., and contains 5GS 
sq. m. Drained by Paulinskill, Wallkill, Pequannock, and 
Pequcst creeks. Surface in general is hilly, and portions 
of it mountainous ; soil fertile, consisting of a fine deep 
mold with sand intermixed. Wheat, Indian corn, and other 
grains are produced abundantly, and excellent crops of po- 
tatoes are raised. Farms 1,653; manuf. 1S4 ; dwell. S.Sol, 
and pop.— wh. 22,673, fr. col. 310, si. 1— total 22,9S9. Cap- 
ital: Newton. 

Sussex county, Yirg. Situate S. E., and contains 453 
sq. m. Drained by Nottoway r. and its branches. Surface 
even; soil fertile and easy of cultivation. Chief produc- 
tions cotton, tobacco, and Indian corn ; wheat is also grown 
extensively. Farms 472 ; manuf. 23 ; dwell. 751, and pop.— 
wh. 3,0S6, fr. col. 742, si. 5,992— total 9,820. Capital: 
Sussex C. H, PuUic Works: Petersburg and Weldon 
E. R. ; Petersburg and Norfolk E. R. 

Sussex C. H., p. v., and cap. Sussex co., Ttrg. : 41 m. 
S. by E. Richmond, and contains a conrt-house, jail, etc. 

Sussex, p. c, Waukesha co., Wiso. : 59 m. E. Madison. 

8uTUERLA>-i>'8 sta., Diuwiddio co., Virg. : on South Side 
E. E., 10 m. W. Petersburg, 42 m. from Burkville. 

Sutherland Springs, p. o., Bexar county, Tex. 

Suttee county, Calif. Situate centrally, and chiefly be- 
tween the forks of the Sacramento and Feather rivers, and 
contains 760 sq. m. Surface diversified, and in the N. are 
several high hills called Buttea. The portion of the county 
S. E. of Feather river contains the important towns of Ver- 
non, Oro, and Nicholas, which are noted for their mineral 
wealth, and also for their commercial positions. Springfield, 
opposite Tremont, and Tuba City, opposite the mouth of 
Yuba r., are also considerable places. It is a rich mining 
region, and has been very productive. The quantity of land 
under cultivation in 1352 was only 1,401 acres, and in gene- 
ral little attention is here paid to any agricultural operations, 
pop. at the date specified 1,207 ; whites 675— males 590. and 
females S5; negroes 11— males 3, and females 3; Indians 
514 — males 262, and females 252 ; and foreign residents 10— 
males 7, and females 8 ; above 21 years old — citizens 527, 
negroL's 11, Indians 314, and foreigners 10. Capital : Oro. 

SuTTEKsni.LE, v., Sacramento county, Calif. : on the left 
bank of Sacramento r., about 8 m, S. Sacramento City, 48 m. 
N. E. Yailejo. 

SuTTOX, t., p. v., and sta., Worcester co., Mass. : 89 m. 
W. S. W. Boston. Surface hilly ; soil productive. Drained 
880 



by Blackstone river, which affords water-power, and along 
which passes the Blackstone Canal in ils N. part. Tho 
Providence and Worcester R. R. touches on ita N. border, 
35 m. from Providence, 3 m. from Worcester. Soapstone 
and granite are found. The t. contains 5 churches, several 
cottcm factories, with some other mills. Pop. of L 2,595. 

SriTON, t. and p. v., Merrimac county, iV". Jlayy^p. : 23 ra. 
N. W. by N. Concord. Surface uneven ; soil various. 
Watered by Warner r. and branches, which afford water- 
power. The town contains tanneries and saw-mills. Pop. 
of I 1,3S7. 

SuTTox, t, and p. v., Caledonia co.. Verm,. : 89 m. N. E. 
by N. Montpelier. Surface mostly level much of it low and 
wet. Watered by branches of Passumpsic river. A pond 
in its N. W. corner covers 200 acres. There are several 
bogs of marl in the town. Pop. of 1. 1,001. 

Sutton's Mili^, p. o. and sta., Essex county, Mass.: on 
Essex R. R., 1 m. from Lawrence, 20 m. from Salem. 

SuwANE, p. v., Gwinnett co., Ga.: on a branch of Shal- 
low fork of Chattahoochee r., $1 m. N. W. Milledgeville. 

Suwannee river, Flor. : rises in Okefinokee Swamp in 
Georgia, fiows S., then W., receives the Allapahaw from tho 
N., and the Witlilacoochee from the N. W., then flows S. 
and S. E., receives the Santa F6 from the E., and thence 
flows in southerly course until it empties into Waksase 
bay of Gulf of Mexico, which it enters by numerous shallow 
channels. The bar at its mouth has not more than 5 feet 
water, but above that it has 15 feet for 55 miles. Its bed is 
rocky, and in some plaj^es ila banks are 100 feet high of per- 
pendicular granite rock, 

Suwannee Shoals, p. o., Columbia CO., Fhr. : 99 m. 
W. Tallahassee. 

SwAiNSBOKO', p. v., and cap. Emanuel county, Ga.: on a 
branch of the Great Ohoopee r., 61 m. E. S. E. Milledgeville. 
It contains a court-house, jail, etc. 

S WAINS VI i.i.R, sta., Wyoming co., ^. Y.: on the Buffalo 
and New York E. E., 69 m. E. S. E. Buffalo, 218 m. W 
Albany. 

Swallow falls. Alleghany county, Md. : these falls of the 
Youghiogeuy r. occur near the mouth of Hendom cr., in the 
9. W. part of the county. The general elevation of the 
country in the vicinity is 2,390 feet above tide-water. 

SwAMPSCOTT, p. 0., Essex CO., Mass. 

Swan, p. v.. Noble co., Ind. : at the source of Black cr., 
114 m. N. N. E. Indianapolis. 

Swan, t and p. o-, Vinton county, Oliio: 49 m. S. E. 
Columbus. Raccoon cr. flows through the t., affording ex- 
cellent mill privileges. Surface much broken; soil fertile. 
Pop. 1,154. 

Swan Creek, p. v., Warren co., HI. : near the West fork 
of Spoon r., SO m. N. W. Springfield. 

Swan Ckeek, p. o., Warren county, ^y.; 119 m. S. W, 
Frankfort. 

Swan Creek, p. c, Gallia county, Ohio: 83 m. 8. 8. E. 
Columbus. 

Swancet'8 Ferry, p. o., Abbeville dist, S- Car.: 97 m. 
W. Columbia. 

SwANGSTowN, p. v., Cleveland connty, ^. Car. : on the 
right bank of Buffalo cr., 151 ra. W. S. W. Raleigh. 

Swan Lake, p. o., Arkansas county, Ark. : 60 m. S. E. 
Little Rock. 

Swannano, p. v.. Buncombe co., K Car. : on a branch 
of French Broad r., 205 m. W. Raleigh. 

Swan Point, p. o., Knox county, Kf/. : 109 m. S. S. E 
Frank for U 

Swan Quakteb.p. v., and cap. Hyde co., JV, Oar. : 123 m. 
E. by S. Raleigh, and contains a courtrhouse and other 
county buildings. 

Swan River (or Arthur'^s Ferry), p. o., Benton co., Minn. 
Ter. : 107 m. N. N.W. St. Paul. The ferry at this point is one 
well known, and is held by one of the oldest traders and 
pioneers of Minnesota. The settlement contains some 80 
families. 



SWA 



SYC 



Swi_ssBOEo', p. v., Onslow co., N. Car. : on "W. sule of the 
estuary ofWhiltock r., and opposite Bogue inlet, 105 m. 
S. K. lialeigli. 

SwANSET, L and p. v., Bristol co., Mam. : 45 m. 9. by AV. 
Boston. Mount Hope bay st'ls up into its S. part by two 
inlets, on one of wliich stands a small v. which has sonic 
navigation and ship-building. The t was incorporated in 
1667, and is noted for having been the t. in which King 
Philip's Indian War commenced on June 20th, 16T5. In 
the I. are several tanneries, paper and other mills. Pop. 
of t. 1,554. 

Swan's Island, t. and p. v., Hancock co., Me.: 67 m. 
E. by S. Augusta. Pop. of t. 423. 

Sw ANSON \TLiE, p. 0., Pittsylvania co,, Tlrg. : 116 m.S.'W. 
Kichmond. 

SwANTON, t. and p. o., Lucas co., O?iio : 113 m. N. N. W. 
Columbus. The railroad from Sandusky City to Fort "Wayne 
will pass through this town. 

Sw ANTON, v., Alleghany co., Md. : on the line of the 
Baltimore and Ohio K. E., 221 m. from Baltimore by rail- 
road, and 14;3 m. "W. N. "W. Annapolis direct. Elevation, 
2,272 feet above tide-water. 

SwANTON, t. and p. v., Franklin co., Venn. : on the E. 
sitle of Lake Champlain, 66 m. (by railroad) N. W. Mont- 
pelier. Drained by Missisqui r.,which is navigable for lake 
vessels to Swanton Falls, six miles up. These falls have a 
descent of twenty feet, from which are derived extensive 
hydraulic power. Bog-iron ore is found here, and there is 
an excellent quality of variegated marble quarried and ex- 
tensively exported. The surface and soil of the t. are well 
adapted to agricultural pursuits, with the exception of a por- 
tion bordering on the lake. The v. is located at the falls, 
and is the site of several manufactories, and of increasing 
trade. The Vermont Central K. K. passes through the v. 
13 m. S. E. Itouse's Point (N. Y.) Pop. of t 2,S21. 

Swanton Centre, p. o., Franklin county, Verm. : 67 m. 
N. W. Montpelier. 

SwANviLLE, t. and p. v., Waldo co., M^.: 43 m. E. by N. 
Augusta. Drained by the outlet of a pond in the N. part, 
emi)tying into Bellasl bay. Surface even ; soil fertile. The 
village is located in the N. part. Pop. of t. 944. 

SwANTiLLE, p. o., Jcfferson county, J?i<i.: 75 m. 3. E. 
Indianapolis. 

SwANZEV, t. and p. v., Cheshire co., J7! ITamp. : 45 m. 
9. W. Concord. Drained by Ashuelot river and branches. 
The r. is navigable for boats as far up as Keene. except a 
short curving place around the rapids in Winchester. Sur- 
face—as also the soil— is various. There is a mineral spring 
here, the waters of which are impregnated vdlh iron, and 
iron ore is found. The manufacture of cottons, woolens, 
leather, and lumber, is carried on. The v. is on the Con- 
necticut Eiver R. R., 6 ra. 3. Keene. Pop. of t. 2,106. 

SwAETswooD, p. 0., Susscx county, 2^. Jer. : 55 m. N. 
Trenton. 

SwARTwouT, p. v., Polk countv, Tex. : on the E. side of 
Trinity r., IGl ra. E. by S. Austin City. 

SwABTz Creek, p. o., Genesee co., Mich. : on a stream 
80 called, 47 m. N. E. Lansing. 

SwEAEtNGENs, p. o., Austiu CO., TVvT. ; 95 m. E. by S. 
Austin City. 

Sweden, t. and p. v., Oxford county. Me. : 67 m. S. W. 
Augusta. Saco r. crosses the W. part, and on the N. E. are 
two ponds, by the outlets of which the t. is drained. Soil 
a<lripted to grains. The v. is located in the centre. Pop. 
of t. C96. 

Sweden, t and p. o., Potter co., Penn. : 115 m. N. N. W. 
Harrisburg. Drained by one of the head branches of the 
Alleghany river. The greater portion of the t. remains in a 
wild, uncultivated state. Iron ore is found in the vicinity. 

SwEUEN, t. and p. v., Monroe county, iV. Y. ; 220 m. 
W. by N. Albany. Drained by Salmon creek, from which 
water-power is derived. Surface undulating; soil, moist, 
argillaceous loam, yielding large crops of grass, grain, and 



fruits. The Rochester, Lockport, and Niagara Falls R. R., 
and the Erie Canal pass through the t., on both of which 
is located the manufacturing village of Broekporl. The 
V. of Sweden is 2 m. S. of Brockport, and contains a 
church and about 50 dwellings. Pop. of t in 1S40, 1,SS4; 
in 1S50, 3,623. 

SwEEDLiN Hill, p. 0., Pendleton CO., Virg.: 130m.N.W. 
Richmond. 

SwEEDSDORo', p. V., Glouc^stcr county, 2^. Jer. : on the 
right bank of Raccoon cr., at the head of sloop navigation, 
53 m. S. S. W. Trenton. It contains a church, several 
mills, etc. 

Sweet Ate, p. v., Baltimore co., Jnd. : 3T m. N. by W. 
Annapolis. 

Sweet Springs, p. v., Monroe co., Virg. : in the valley 
of the Alleghany mountains, W. of Middle Mt., 153 m, W. 
Richmond. This is one of the oldest watering-places in 
Virginia. The springs are situated 17 ra. from the celebrated 
White Sulphur Springs, and there is accommodation for 
300 persons. The waters are celebrated for their medicinal 
properties, and are used both externally and iuleriiatly. The 
])0wer derived from the springs is sufficient to turn a mill 
at Uie distance of 2U0 yards from the source. Temperature 
of the water 73° Fahrenheit. 

Sweet Valley, p. c, Luzerne co., Fenn. : 79 m. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Sweet Water, p. v., Gwinnett CO., Ga.: on Yellow r., 
73 m. N. W. Milledgeville. 

Sweet Water, p. v., Marengo co., Ala. : on a branch of 
Tombigbee r., 95 m. W. by S. Montgomery. 

Sweet Water, p. o. and sta., Monroe co., Teitn. : on the 
East Tennessee and Georgia E. E., 14 m. S. by W. Loudon, 
and 147 m. E. S. E. NashviUe. 

Sweet Water Factory, p. o., Campbell co., Od. : 95 m, 
W. N. W. MUledgeville. 

Swift Creek, p. o., Darlington disl., S. Car.: 61m.N. E. 
Columbia. 

Swift Creek Bridge, p. v., Craven co., N. Car. : on E. 
side of Swia cr., 9ti m. E. Raleigh. 

SwiTT Island, p. o., Montgomery qo., 2f. Car. : 73 m. 
S. W. Raleigh. 

Swift river. Carroll co., X. llamp. : rises in the mountains 
on the N. of WatervUle, and flowing in an easterly course 
empties into the Saco river at Conway. Its whole course is 
rapid, and in one place it falls 30 feet in the distance of six 
rods, through a channel in the solid rock, about 12 feet wide, 
the sides being from 10 to 30 feet perpendicular height. 

SwiNEVAEDS, p. 0., Charlcs Cily co,, Virg.: 29 m. S. E. 
Richmond. 

SwiNTON, p. v., Kane co., 2U. : 155 m. N. E. Springfield. 

Switzerland county, InJ. Situate S. E. on Ohio r., and 
contains 21G sq. m. Drained by Log, Lick, Indian, Plum, 
Brian's, and Grant's creeks. Large and fine bottoms lino 
the Ohio, and the hills back of these rise to a height of 400 
or 500 feet ; farther back a high table-land is readied. Soils 
are everywhere good. Mills are numerous, and many are 
worked by steam-power. Farms 1.270; rnanuf. 79; dwell. 
2,254, and pop.— wh. 12,S66, Cr. col. 60— total 12,932. Cap- 
ital: Vevay. 

Sybertsville, p. o., Luzerne county, Pt';?«. ; So m. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Sycamore, p. v., and cap. De Ealb co.. III. ; on the loft 
side of the river so called, 157 m. N. E. Springfield. It 
contains the county court-house, etc. It is a pleasant place, 
located on a prairie near a clear brook, and contains 975 
inhabitants. 

Sycamore, t. and p. v., Wyandott co., OJiio : 66 m. N. by 
W. Columbus. Drained by a branch of tlie Sandusky r. 
Surface level, with a productive soil. The v. is situate near 
the stream, and is a small agricultural settlement. Popula- 
tion of t. SSO. 

Sycamore, p. o., Claiborne co., Tenn,: 1S7 m. E. by N. 
Nashville. 

S81 



SYC 



TAB 



Sycamoce Alley, p. v., Halifax co., 2^. Citr. : N. of Tar 
r.,57 ni. N. E. Kalcigh. 

Sycamore Gbove, p. o., Overton CO., Tenn. : 81 m. E. by 
N. Nashville. 

Sycamoee Mili£, p. 0., Davidson co., Tenn. : 17 m-N.W. 
Nashville. 

Syonorstille, p. v.,FrankIin CO., Yirg.: between Chest- 
nut an«l Snow creeka, 123 m. W. S. W. Kiehmond. 

Sykksville, p, v., Carroll co., Md.: on N. side of "W. 
brant;h of Patapsco r., and on the Balliraore and Ohio H. K., 
8"2 m. \V. by N. Baltimore, and 37 m. N. N. W. Annapolis. 

Sylaoauoa. p. v., Talladega co., Ala. : on the line of the 
Alabama and Tennessee R. R., 5S m. N. Monlgoraery. 

SvLAiioBE, p. o., Izard co.. Ark.. : So m. N. Little Rock. 

Sylco, p. o., Polk CO., Tenn.: 189 m. S. E. Nashville. 

Sylva, p. v., Washington co,, Ark. : on a or. of Illinois r., 
153 m. N. W. Little Rock. 

Sylvan, t. and p. v., "Washtenau co., Mich. : SS m. S. E. 
Lansing. Drained by the head waters of Iluron r. Surface 
undulating; soil rich and productive. Wheat, com, and 
oats of an excellent quality are raised. The Michigan Cen- 
tral E. R. passes through the t., near which is the village. 
Pop. of t, 9S4. 

Sylvan, p. o., Franklin county, Penji. : 50 m. W. 8. W. 
Ilarrisburg. In the vicinity is a Ibrge producing annually 
100 tons blooms and 50 tons bars. 

Sylvan Grove, p. v., Jefferson co., Ga. : at the source of 
Lambert cr., 69 m. E. Milledgeville. 

Sylvan Grove, p. o., Clark county, Inch : 90 m. S. by E. 
Indianapolis. 

Sylvania, p. 0., Bradford county, Penn. : 101 miles N. 
Harrisl)urg. 

Sylvama, p. o., Racine county, Wi^c: 171 m. E. S. E. 
Madison. 

Sylvania, p. v., and cap. Scrivcn co., Ga. : 105 m. E. S. E. 
Milledgeville. It contains a court-house, jail, etc. 

Sylvania, p. 0., Parke co., Itid. : 53 m. W. Indianapolis. 

Sylvania, p. 0., Licking county, Ohio: 25 miles N. E. 
Columbus. 

Sylvania, sla., Lucas co., Ohio: on the Erie and Kala- 
mazoo li. R., 11 m. N. W. Toledo, and 123 m. N. N. W. 
Columbus. 

Sylvanus, p. o., Hillsdale co., Mich.: 59 m. S. Lansing. 

Sylvia, p. o., Hardin co., 0/iio: 57 m. N. W. Columbus. 

Sylvester, t and p. o., Greene county, Wif*c. : 32 m. S. 
Madison. Drained by a branch of Sugar r. Surface level ; 
soil fertile. Pop. 712. 

Symmk's Corners, p. o., Butler co., Ohio: 90 m. W. 8.W. 
Columbus. 

Symmi:*b Cbkek, p. c, Muskingmn co., Ohio: 49 m. E. 
Columbus. 

Symsonia, p. 0., Graves county, Ky. : 229 m. S. W. 
Frankfort. 

Syracitse, p. v., Kosciusko en., Ind. : on the N. W. bor- 
der of Turkey lake, at the mouth of Turkey cr., its outlet, 
liy m. N. Indianapolis. 

Syracuse, p. city, and cap. Onondaga county, iV. T. : on 
E. bank of Onondaga cr,, near its entrance into Onondaga 
lake : from Albany, 130 m. W. by N. (direct) ; by railroad, 
14S m. It is regularly laid out with wide streets crossing at 
right angles, and is for the most pnrt handsomely built of 
brick. Many of the public buildings and churches are 
handsome edifices. The hotels are noted for tlieir size, 
elegance, etc., and good fare. Its manufactures, besides 
the salt-works, are extensive, the principal of which are 
iron castings, machinery, and flour. According to the 
Report to the Bank Department of the State, for OcL i!5lh, 
1^52, there were then eight banks in Syracuse, with an ag- 
gregate capital of :(il,040,000. The construction of the vari- 
ous canals and railroads which pass through Syracuse have 
made it the centre of a vast domestic trade with all parts ot 
the Slate: these are, the Erie Canal, 171 m. from Albany, 
193 in. from Buffalo ; Oswego Canal, extending hence to 
&S2 



Oswego, 83 m. ; Syracuse and Utica R. R., 63 m. ; Roch- 
ester and Syracuse R. R., 104 m. ; Rochester and Syracuse 
Direct R. R., 6S m. ; Oswego and Svnicuse R. R., a"? m. 
The Syracuse and Binghamplon R. R. is in construction, 
and the Syracuse and Newburg R. R. has been pro- 
jected. These great avenues of intercourse and trade 
have very rapidly increased the population and general 
prosperity of the city, and will continue to develop its 
permanent greatness and importance among the large 
cities of the State and of the Union. The newspapers pub- 
lished in 1S50 comprised 17 issues, viz., 4 dailies: ''Onon- 
daga Standard" (denL), " S. Journal'' (whig), "S. Star" 
(whig), "Transcript" (neutral), each of which published 
weekly editions (the "Star" also a semi-weekly); 6 other 
weeklies; "Onondaga Sentinel" (whig), "Religious Re- 
corder," "Free-School Clarion," "Liberty Party Paper" 
(abol.), " Archimedean," " Central New Yorker ;" 1 semi- 
monthly, the "Temp. Protector;" and 2 monthly, "Syra- 
cusean" (indep.), and " Literary Union" (lit.) Pop. in 1S30, 
2,5G5; in 1S40, 6,502; in 1&50, 22,271. 

Syracuse is celebrated for its great salt works. The salt 
water is conveyed in pipes from the springs or wells to the 
works. The coarse salt is produced by solar evaporation ; 
fine salt by boiling, and other modes of applying artificial 
heat. The springs are pierced through the alluvial, and 
terminate on gravel. The wells generally used are excava- 
ted about IS or 20 feet deep. In one case a boring of 250 
feet deep was made without finding fossil salt, but the 
strength of the brine increased (as generally) with the depth 
of the well. From the strongest spring a cubic foot of wa- 
ter will afford 14 pounds of salt In 1840, a new salt spring 
of great strength was discovered by boring to a depth of 265 
feet, from which large quantities of salt are now manufac- 
tured, 30 gallons of the water producing one bushel of fine 
salt From recent experiments in salting beef for the pur- 
pose of comparing the relative merits of Onondaga and 
Turks Island salt, it has been satisfactorily ascertained that 
the Onondaga is fully equal in all respects to the Turks 
Island salt, and in some points superior. The quantities of 
salt here manufactured during the year 1S50, were as fol- 
lows : 2S7.SS2 bushels of coarse salt, S43,SS2 bushels of fine 
salt. 53,600 bushels of ground or dairy salt— total 1,1S4.928 
bushels. This total is about one-half of the total of salt 
mauufacture in Salina during 1S50, and about one-fourth of 
the aggregate amount manufactured in 1S50 in this salt 
district. 

T. 

Tabb's Ceeek, p. 0., Granville co,, A?^ Car. : 44 m. N. 
Raleigh. 

Taberg, p. v. and sta., Oneida co., JV. T. : on "W. bank 
of Fish cr., 110 m. W. N. W. Albany. It contains a blast 
furnace. 2 grist and several saw mills, etc. The Watertown 
and Rome R. R. passes a little S. of the village, 11m. from 
Rome. 61 m. from Watertown. 

Tabernacle, p. o., Marion dist, S. Car. : 85 m. E. by N. 
Columbia. 

TiBLR mountain, Greenville dist, S. Car.: this remark- 
able mountiin. about 26 m. N. "W. Greenville, is elevated 
3,163 feet above the surrounding country, and about 4,nOO 
feet above sea level ; one of its sides is an immense rocky 
precipice, with bold square front, presenting a very grand 
appearance. 

Table mountain. Sierra CO., Calif. : 151 m. N. E. by N. 
Vallejo, is 8,000 feet high. 

Table Grove, p. o., Fulton co., Ill : 65 m. N. "W. by N. 
Springfield, surrounded !>y an elevated and beautiful tract 
of timber, from which it derives its name. 

Tabo, p. 0., La Fayette county, Mo.: 96 m. W. N. "W. 
Jefferson City. 

Tabor, p. o., Tuscarawas county, Ohio: 83 m. E. N, E 
Columbus. 



TAG 



r>*2 III, 



N. sitle of 
. N. by E. 
.■ 61 m. N. 



Tacaluciie. p. o., M:vrshaU county, j)//«. ■• " 
branch of Tippali cr.. 109 ni. N. by E. Jaclisnn, 

Taciioiia, p. o., Muniuelle co. 
Maiiison 

Tackett's Mill, p. o,, .Slafford county, rirff. 
Eicliinond. 

Tacoa, p. o., Gilmer county 
river 144 in. N. N. W. MillcJgeville. 

Taconv, Bla., riiiladclphia co., Pmi. ■ on H.^Iaware r., 
and iKc Trculon K. C, S inilca N. E. Piiil.-olflpliia 

Tajton. p. v.. Pike CO., I'mn 

Windsor county, Verm. : 4S ni 



Ra. ; on \V. side of Tacoa 



■ 123 in. N. E. Ilarrisbursr. 



p. v., 



county, 

CoUIllic! 



iV'. v.; 40 m. 



. K. .Taelison. 



Tafisville, 
Montpelicr. 

Taoiikanio. t. and p. o., CoUimhia co. 
All>any Surl'ac'c liilly and mountainous ; soil very fertile m 
the valleys. Drained by Copake cr. The t. contains a few 
mills of dilferent liinds. Pop. of t. 1.540. 

Taoukanic incamlains, .V. l". ; a ransc in the E. part of 
the State, near the Hlate line, commencing in Kensselaer 
an.l extending throush Columbia and Duchess 
T'hey ore ptirtly in Massacliuselts, and have their 
highest sunlinils in Sluffiel.l, about 8,IIU0 feet above tide-wa- 
ter. The rauae is about 50 m. long, and is properly a divi- 
sion of tlie (.irecn Mountains. 

TAiiLEytiAii, p. v., and cap. Cherokee nation, Litl. Ter. : on 
Illinois r. of the Arkansas, 5o m. N.W.Vau liuren, .1/*. Uero 
are |,.cau-d the council-house, U. 8. agency, missions, etc., of 
the Cherokees, and allogether it is a thriving settl.-mcnt. 

Taiis C.ihek, p. o., Gilmer CO., Ga. : 136 m. N. W. by W. 
Milledi;eville. 

Talaiiatau, p. c, Newton CO., Miss. : 68 in. E. by N. 
Jackson. 
Talasiia, p. o., Newton co., ifi 

Taluot couiitv, tfo. Silinile toward the W.. and contains 
451 sq. m. Drained by branches of Flint r.. which forms ils 
E. and N. E. boundary. Surface hilly ; soil ferlile, and is 
peculiarly adapted to cotton which is produced largely. 
"Wheat iiiid Indian com are raised in large (luantities, and 
there is some timber land. Farms 923; n.anuf 46; dwell. 
l,;!-24, and pop.— wh. 7,793, fr. col. 1,S, si. 8.723— total 16.534. 
CiipiUd: Talboton. Piihlic Wtirk.i: Muscogee R. P.. 

Talbot county. Xd. Situate E. toward the N., and con- 
tains 336 sq. m. Drained by .small streams which How into 
Choptank r. and the several bays set up from the Chesa- 
peake. Surface varied ; soil fertile, well adapted to wheat 
and Inilian corn, the chief productions of the co. Wye r. 
runs al.'Ug its N. W. border. Farms 793; miimif 35; 
dwell. 1.751, and pop— wh. 7,(IS0, fr. col. 2,697,81.4,134— 
total Vi.^W.. Ctipitat: Easton. 

TALnoTTON. p. v., and cap. Talbot counly, On. : "3 m. 
W. S. W. Milledgeville. It conlains the county buildings, 
2 academies, 2 churclies, etc. Pop. about CilO. 

Taliafekro county, (it. Situate N. E. centrally, and 
contains 163 sq. m. Little r. runs through the N. E., by 
branches of which, and of (Igcechee r. it is drained. Sur- 
face level or rolling; soil fertile and produces cotton abund- 
antly, also wheat and Indian corn, and Hue crops of 
appies. pears, and other fruits. Pine timber is found on the 
land. Farms 294 ; manuf. 16 ; dwell. 40S. and pop.— wh. 2.051, 
fr. col. 61, si. 8.014— total 5,146. Capital: Crawfordsville. 
Public Works: Georgia It. K. 

TAt.inENELi, p. 0., Pontotoe CO., Miss. : 150 in. N. N. E. 
Jackson. 

Talking Rock, p. a, Gilmer CO., (?«. ; 132 m. N. W. by N. 
Milledgeville. 

Talladega county, Ala. Situate toward the N. E., and 
cont.ain3 1.206 sq. m. l^raincd by branches of Coosa river, 
whieli firms its western boundary, and also by liranches of 
Tallapoosa r., which traverse its southern portion. Surface 
level ; soil very fertile. Cotton is the staple, and is proiluced 
In abundance; wheat and Indian corn are raised in good 
crops, and there is some excellent pasture, on which large 
Dumbere of cattle and hogs are fattened. Agriculture is the 

IS 



Two 
' Flor- 



T.\L 

leading pursuit with a large portion id' the population. 
Farms tl9S ; manuf. 21 ; dwell. 1,S61, and pnp.-wh. 11,61S, 
fr. col. 35, si. 6,971- total 1S,IV24. Capital: Tallailega. 
PuIjUc Works: Alabama and Tennessee P.iver R. R. 

Talladega, p. v., an.l cap. Talladega counly, Ala. : on a 
small branch of Coosa r., 75 m. N. by E. Montgomery. It 
contains the county buildings, etc. The" Ahibiima Reporti-r" 
(whig), and "Democratic Walchtower" (dem.) are issued 
weekly. The Alabama and Tennessee River E. E. will 
pass through this place. Pop. about 7liO. 

Tallahassee, p. city, and cap. Loon county, Flor.: and 
caiiitiil of the Stole of Florida. Latitude 30° 28' N.; 
longitude 84° 36' W. from Greenwich. It is situated on a 
coniiimnding eminence, and is regularly laid out with 
several public squ.ires. lis settlement was commenced in 
1S24, upon ils selection as the Slate capital. The legislature 
held its first session here in lb2.5, and inconwrated the city. 
It contains the Stale-house, court-house, V. S. land ofHce, 
market-house, jail, academy, and three churches, 
newspiipers are published weekly, " Sentinel," and ' 
idian and Journal." The Tallahassee mid St. Marks R. R., 
connecting it wilh Port Leon on Appaluchee b.iy, will be 
extended N. to Tliomasvilie.Ga., to connect wilh the pro- 
posed Brunswick and Florida R. R. A good mill-stream 
flowing from several springs, runs on it.s E. bonier, falls 15 
or 16 feet into a pool scooped out by ils own current, and 
aller running a short distance, sinks into a elea of the lime- 
stone. In llie winter, it is a place of considerable resort. 
Pop. in 1650. 1,391. 

Tai LAUATCiiiE counly. Miss. Situate toward the N. W., 
and contains S9S sq. in. Drained by Talh.hat.diie r. and ils 
branches. Surface level ; soil fertile and adapted to cotton, 
it also is well fltte.l for grain, and makes good p.isture land. 
(;hief productions, cotton and Indian corn. Farms 232; 
manuf. 0; dwell. 36S and pop.— wh. 2,096, fr. col. — , 
si. 2.547— total 4,1543. Capital: Chiirlestim. 

Tallaloosa, p. o., Marshall counly. Mis.-:.: on S. side of 
branch of Oka Copasau r., 172 m. N. by E. Jackson. 

Tallapoosa counly, Ala. Situate toward the E., and 
conlains 916 sq. m. Tallapoosa r. enters it in the N. E., and 
flows through the western portion, by which and its branches 
it is drained. Surface level; soil fertile and adapted to 
cotton, wheat, and grain, flne crops of which are annually 
raised. Farms 1,270; manuf. IS; dwell. 2.037, and pop.- 
wh. 11.611, fr. col. 0, si. 4,073-tolal 15,.'>S4. Capital: 
Diideville. Pullio Works: Montgomery and West Point 
Railroad., 

Tallapoosa, p. o., Greene Co., Ala.: 95 m. W. N. ^. 
Monlgoinery. 

Tallapoosa, p. o., Carroll co., ff</. .■ on E. side of Taila- 
pi.osa r.. 136 m. W. N. W. Millc.lgeville. 
Tallapoosa river, Ga. and Ala. : rises In Carroll county, 



Ga., flows in southerly winiling course 



to its junction with 



■ on E. side of 
• 43 m. N. by E. 



Coosa r., 12 m. N. Montgomery, which together Ibrm the 
Alabama river. 

Tali.assee, p. v., Tallapoosa county, Ala. 
Tallapoosa r., 29 ra. E. N. E. Montgomery. 

Talleyville, p. o., New Castle co., Dd. : 
Dover. 

TALLM.tDOE, t. and p. o., Ottawa county, M,rh. : on both 
aides of Gran.l r., C4 m. W. by N. Lansing. This was, in 
1S50, the most proiluclive farming L in the co.. but not more 
tlian one-fourth of ils area was then cullivated. It conlains 
3 saw-mills using water-power, of which the annual product 
,n 1S50, was valued at *1,'.,S20. Population in 1840, 189; 

'"tallm.vdoe. t. and p. v.. Summit connlv, OMo: 109 m. 
N E Columbus. The Akron Branch R. R.. and Ihe Penn- 
svlvania and Ohio canal pass through its N. W. comer. 
Tlie t. contains a largi! part of the v. of Cuyahoga Falls, and 
Mid.lleburg v. Tallinadge v., in the centre of the t, ia 
jdeasanllylaid out. Near the Cu>ahoga Falls is an exten- 
sive bed of bituminous coal. Pop. of L 2,456. 



TAL 

Tallokab, p. o., Lowndea counly, Ga.: 156 miles 8. 
Milledgeville. 

Tallclait, p. v., and cap. Issaquena CO., Mias.: on E- 
bank of Mississippi r,, C2 m. N. W. by W. Jackson. 

Tallulah river and falls, Ga.: rises in liabun co. in the 
N. E. corner of llie State, flows S. E.. separating Kalnin and 
Habersham counties, and unites with the Chatuga to form 
the Ttigalon, one of the two head streams of the Savannah r. 
The falls are not tiroad, but liave a great descent, and pre- 
sent a most romantic and delichtful appearance. 

Tallt-Ho, p. o., Granville county. A' Car. : 30 ni. N. 
Raleigh. 

Talofa, p. o., Madison county, Flat:: 6S m. E. S. E. 
Tallahassee. 

Tama county, Ta. Situate centrally, and contains 720 
sq. m. Drained by Iowa r. and its branches, and adluenls 
of Cedar r. Surface undulating and diversified; soil fertile, 
an.1 adapted to wheat, grain, and other agricultural produc- 
tions; it is also favorable to the cultivation of fruit. Tine 
and other timber is found on the land. Farms ; manuf, ; 
dwell. 1. and pop.— wh. S, fr. col. n— total 8. Capita!: — 

TAMAtiUA, J), b. and sla., Schuylkill co.. Pena. : on Little 
Schuylkill river and E. K,, 20 m. from Port Clinton, 5S m. 
N. E. Il.arrisburg. It was founded in 1S20. It is surrounded 
by a wild, mountainous, and sterile country, but abounding 
with excellent anthracite coal, the trade in which constitutes 
almost the entire business of the place. The following are 
the statistics of this trade for the year ending 30th June, 
1860: 

Coal Operator.. .^^P'^^ "J^^J'}' ^^^Tul ^''^"■ 

J & E. Carter .... 113.000 .... $4,600 .... $75.000 . . . .$102,500 
Heaton & Carter. 5,500.... 600.... 8,400 .... 120,1100 
E. Ealcliffe & Co. 10,000.... 1,400.... 20,000.... 80,000 

Wm. Donaldson. 3,000 1,200 20,000 80,000 

Jas. Taggart 6,000.... 1,800.... 14,000.... 21,000 

The "Tamaqua Legion" (neut) is issued weekly. Fop. 
about 600. 

TAMAtiAWA, p. v., Monroe CO., lU. : on W. bank of Kas- 
kaskia r., 104 m. 9. by W. Springfield. 

Tampa, p. v.. and cap. Hillsboro' county, Flor.: at the 
head of Tampa bay, 209 ra. S. E. by S. Tallahassee. Here 
is Fort Brooke, garrisoned by U. S. Artillery. 

Tampa bay, F/vr. : is the largest bay in the Gulf of 
Mexico. It sets up N. E. from the gulf iuto the N. part of 
Hillsboro' CO., is about 40 m. long, and i.i one place 35 m. 
wide. It is easy of access, has 15 to 20 feet of water on the 
bar, and affords safe anchorage. It receives five small 
creeks. LitUe Tampa bay, in iLs X. part, is 10 m. wide, but 
very shallow. Tampa bay abounds wilh fish and water 
fowls, and has several islands at its mouth. 

Tampico, p. o., Oktibbeha co., J/ms. .- on S. side of Oka 
Tibbyhah r., 119 m. N. E. by N. Jackson. 

Tampico, p. o., Darke co., Ohio: 84 ra. W. Columbus. 

Tampico, p. o., Grainger co., Tenn. : 177 m. E. Nashville. 

TAMW0P.TII, t. and p. o., Carroll co., N. //amp. : 45 ni. 
N. by E. Concord. Drained by Bearcamp r. and branches, 
flowing into 0.s.sipee lake, and afTording water-power to 
several saw-mills. The interests of the t. arc chiefly agri- 
cultural. Pop. of 1. 1,766. 

Tamwortii Iros-Work3, P.O., Carroll co., X. Uamp.: 
46 m. N. by E. Concord. 

Tanev county. Mo. Situate S. toward the W.. and con- 
tains 1,071 sq. m. Drained by "White r. and its tributaries, 
Bull, Swan, and Big and Little Beaver creeks. Surface 
level : soil in general fertile, and adapted to the culture of 
^iieat, grain, cotton, and tobacco. It is well-timbered and 
has excellent pasturage. Farms 509 ; manuf ; dwell. 6S0, 
and pop,— wh. 4,2T4, fr. col. 0, si. 99— total 4,873. Capital : 
Forsyth. 

Taney, p. o., 'Washington CO., Ark. : 125 m. N. W. by W. 
UtUe Enek. 

Taneytown, p. v., Carroll co., Md. : 38 m. E. by 3. An- 
634 



TAR 

napolis. It ooniains several mills and iron-works. Pop. 
279 (363 wh., 10 fr. col.). ' 

Tanryville, p. o., Lycoming co., Penn. : 72 m. N. by W. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Tanoapua, p. o., St. Helena parish. La.: 48 ra. E. N. E. 
Balon Eouge. 

Tascirr sound, Md. : in Chesapeake bay, off Somerset 
county, 24 m. long. G to 10 m. wide. 11 eoiuains numerous 
islands, and receives several rivers. 

Tanner's Cross Eoadb, p. o., Jackson co., Virg.: 243 m. 
■VV. N. W. r.ichmond. 

Tannek'6 Store, p. c, Mecklenburg co., Virg. : 72 m. 
S. W. Richmond. 

Tanneisville, p. v., Greene CO., K. Y. : 43 m. S. "W. by S. 
Albany. 

TASNERsvn.i,E, p. v., MonroB co., Penn.: on E. bank of 
a creek of Delaware r., 93 m. N. E. by E. Ilarrisburg. 

Taos counly, K. Jfer. Occupies a Large territory in the 
N. E., extending from 103° to 107° "W. long., and between 
36° and 8S° N. laU Surface generally mountainous, wilh 
large valleys, through which traverse the Itio Grande, etc., 
and from the E. slope of the mountains flow tributaries of 
the Arkansas, Canadi.an, and other large rivers. It is rich 
in minerals, as gold, silver, and iron, and in the Eatore 
Mountains bituminous coal exists. Farms G.'il ; manuf. 13 ; 
dwell. 2.214, and pop.— wh. 9,607, fr. col. 0— total 9,507. 
Capital: Taos. 

Taos, p. v.. Cole county, Mo. : 7 m. S. E. bv E. Jefferson 
City. 

Taos, p. v., and cap. Taos co., K. Mux. : on a small tribu- 
tary of the Eio Grande, 65 m. N. by E. Santa Fe. It con- 
tains a Catholic church and school. 

Taplevville, p. 0., Essex co., Mass.: 20 m, N. by E. 
Boston. 

Tappahasnock, p. v., port of entry, and cap. Essex co., 
Virff. : on S. "W. side of Eappahannock r.. about 50 m. frrnu 
its entrance into Chesapeake bay, 43 m. N. E. by E. Itich- 
mond. Its site is low and unhealthy. It contains the co. 
buildings, a church, and female seminary. It has a g-'od 
harbor. The total tonnage of Tappabannock district on 
SOlh June, 1850, was 5,824 tons. The registered tonnage 
amounted to 603 tons (172 tons permanent, and 831 loas 
temporary). The enrolled and licensed tonnage amounted 
to 5,.321 tons, consisting of 4.975 tons permanent, }^46 tons 
"licensed under 20 Ions," all of which was employed in the 
coasting trade. During the year preceding, the number of 
clearances for foreign countries was 7 — 802 Ions; number 
of entrances do., 7 — 718 tons ; and one schooner was built — 
43 tons. 
Tappan, Harrison co., Ohio : 103 m. E. N. E. Columbus. 
Tappan bay, A: V. : is an expansion of Hudson river, 
between Eockland and Westchester counties, lira, long, 
3J m. wide, terminating near Piermont, 24 m. above New 
York. 

Tappanto'wn, p. v., Eockland co.. Al V. : 2 m. "W. of 
Hudson r., 108 m. S. .Mbany. It contains 2 churches, a few 
stores, etc. Major .\ndre was here executed, Oct 2, 1780, 
and buried in the vicinit.v. In 1S3I his remains were disin- 
terred, removed to England, and interred in Westminster 
Abbey. 

Tar river, y. Ctir. : rises in Person county, and flows in 
general course E. S. E. into Pamlico Sound. Below Wash- 
ington it expands into a wide estuary, commonly called 
Pamlico r. It receives several streams, of which the prin- 
cipal is Fishing cr. It is about 180 m. long, and is naviga- 
ble for small steamboats to Tarboro', and to Washington for 
vessels drawing 9 feet of water. 

Takboro', p. v., and cap. Edgecomb county, K. Car. : on 
W. side of Tar r., 63 m. E. by N. Ealeigh. Small steam- 
boats ascend the river to this place. It contains the court- 
house, etc., an academy, ami a branch of the Bank of State 
of North Carolina, with capital of $160,000. Population 
about 700. 



TAR 



TAY 



Tardvville, p. o., Pontutoc co., Mini*:: 1U2 m. N. N. E. 
Jackson. 

Tarentfm, p. v., Alleghany oo,, Peun.: on N. W. side 
of Allfghnny r., 147 m. W. hy N. Harrisburg. The AVl-sI- 
em Division of Peiinsjlvania, Canal passes through, 19 m 
N. K. from Pilt-stmri;. IN. p. SuH. 

Tariff, p. o,, Butler co., Ohio: on E. side of branch ol 
Miami r.. UK) m. S. 'W. by W. Columbus. 

Tarh-fvii.i.e, p. V. nntl sta.. Ilarlfir-i comity. Conn.: on 
Farmington r., 12 m. N. N. W. Ilartf-ir-l, ami on Uie NfW 
Haven and Northampton li. II., 40 m. from Nl-w Haven 
It contains the large carpel facl<»ries of iht* Tariff MaimHic- 
turino: Co., which employs a capital of $;jUit,000 in this 
business. 

Tarkio. p. o.. Hi)Jt CO.. ^^o. : on W. bank of Bi^: Tarkio 
cr., a tributary of tUc Missouri, 21(1 m. N. W. by W. Jefft-r- 
Bon City. 

Taiilton, p. v., Pickaway co., Ohio: on E. side of Sail 
cr., SO m, S. 8. E. Columbus, It contains 3 clmrcla'S, severul 
stores, etc. Pop. about -150. 

Tarpal'lin" cove, Jfiss.: on S. E. side of Naushon island, 
in Vineyard S<nmd. This is a good harbor, aud has a light- 
house on its W. side. 

Taiirant county. TJ'J, Situate toward the N., and con- 
tains 1,U1S sq. m. Drained by W. fork of Trinity r. and its 
alHui-nls. Surface undulating; in the N. are Stewart's Ml. 
and Pilot Hill, considerable eminences. Sojl fertile, and 
yields good crops of wlieat and Indian corn. It is thickly 
covered wilh limber, aud contains minerals. CopiUd: 
Tarrant Court-house. 

Tarrant, p. v., and cap. H-ipkins co., TIv. ; '^49 m. N. E. 
Austin City. It contains the (.MHiiity l)uilding-», and is sur- 
rounded by an undulating and very fertile country, abound- 
ing with good timber. 

Tail IUver, p. o., Granville co., N. Car.: 33 m. N. by E. 
Kaleigh. 

Tauuytown, p. V. and sta., Westchester co., A'! 1'; on 
E. bank of Hudson r., and liy Hudson River it. R 27 m. 
frnm New York, 117 ni. from Albany. It contains a female 
seminary, an academy for boys, and 3 cluirches. It has a 
large river trade witli New York. Major Andre was cap- 
tured near this v. in September, 17S(l. In the vicinity is 
'•Sleepy Hollow," described by ^^'ashingt'»n Irving, who 
resides 2 m. below the v. Pop. about l,()liu. 

Tarversville, p. v., Twiggs co., (j'ti. : 43 m. S. S. W. 
Milledgeville. It contains an academy, a few stores, and 
several dwellings. 

TAS5IN0NG Grove, p. c, Porter co., Ind. : 115 m. N. by W. 
Indianapolis. 

Tatesvillr. p. o., De Soto county, 3fifiS.: on N. side of 
branch of C*'ld Water r., IGl m. N. Jackson. 

Tatksvillb, p. 0., M-Nairy co., Te7Ui. : 120 m. S. W. by W. 
Nashville. 

Tatnall county, 0<t. Situate toward the S. W., and 
contains 1,033 sq. m. Great dhoopee r., a tributary nf Oe- 
mulgee r., by whLeh and also by Little CrLunoucliee r. and 
Pendleton's and Beanl's creeks it is drained. Surface roll- 
ing; SMil in general fertile, but a large portion of the land is 
covered wilii pine and other limber. It contains some 
minerals. Farms 337; raanuf. 10; dwel'. 434. and pop. — 
wh. 2.37S, fr. col. 1 ?, al. 831— total 3.337. f 'upitnl: Reidsville. 
Puhlic Wo7±s: Savannah and Flint River K. R. 

Taunton* t., p. v., and one of the capitals of Bristol co., 
M(in8. : on Taunton r., 33 m. S. Boston. LaL (Triu. Cong. 
Ch.) 410 54' U" N., long. 71° 05' 55" W. Tlie t. contains 
some good land, which is well cultivated, but the inhalut- 
ants are chiefly engaged in manufactures. The v. is well 
built, and contains many handsome buildings and private 
re?idence5. Taunton Green is a fine jmblic ground, orna- 
mented with trees, etc., fronting which is the court-house, a 
handsome edifice, with four Doric ctdumns. There are 10 
churches, several of which are beautiful stnictures. a town- 
house, jail, etc. The Mount Pleasant Cemetery is beauti- 



fully laid out, and contains, among other tine monumenta* 
one to the memory of Miss Elizabetli Poole, a chief founder 
of this place. Some of the hotels are noted for their excel- 
lence, and in summer accommodate many persons here 
si)ending the seasnn. The Taunton Branch K. R. diverges 
al Maustleld from the Boston and Providence R. R, (11 m. 
to MansHeft, 35 m. to Boston, 80 m. to Providence), and 

here connects with the New Bedford and Taunton R. B. 
(.30 m. to New Bedford), which intersects at Myrick's sta. 
m., with Fall River R. R. The Taunton r. is navigable to 
this place for small vessels, and s<mie shipping is here 
owned, which is employed in the coasting trade and fish- 
eries. The manufactures for which Taunton is noted are 
vari<ius, but the largest are of printing cloths, castings, ma- 
chinery, hanlware, nails, etc. Great water-power is afford- 
ed by Taunton r. and its branches, Canoe and Rumford 
rivers. Iron works were est^iblished here as early ;is 1053. 
Britannia ware, of superior quality, is extensively manu- 
factured. Among the principal factories of printing cloths 
are the Whittenlnn Mills, capital $100,000, and Hopewell 
Factory, capital .$75,01)0, each making over 1,300.000 yards 
annually. There is a large manufaetory of railroad cars, 
steam-engines, etc. The village also contains 3 banks, with 
aggregate capital of $500,000, and 3 institutions for savings. 
Newspapers: "Taunton Daily Gazette" (dem.), "Taunton 
Democrat" (dem.), weekly, and " American Whig,'' weekly. 
Pop. of t. in 1S30, 4,530 ; in 1S30, 0,043 ; in 1S40, 7,645 ; in 
ISoO, l(i,4;n. 

Taitnton river, Ma^s. : rises in Plymouth co., and flows 
S. W. into Mount Hope bay. It is navigable for sloops of 
50 tons t<» Tamitiin v., about 20 m. It affords extensive 
water-power, and abounds wilh alewives. 

Tawawa, p. o., Shelby county, Ohio: 64 m. W. N. W. 
Columbus. 

Taw Taw, p. o.. Alien co., Intl.: 104 m. N. E. by N. 
Indianapolis. 

TAvruEEDA, p. v., Fond duLac co.,Wisc.: on Winnebago 
lake. To m. N. V.. Madison. 

Tayi-or county. la. Situate S. toward the W., and con- 
tains .^33 sq. m. l>raiiied by aflluents of Nodaway and La 
Platte rivers. Surface undulating; soil fertile. Farms 27; 
nuinuf. 0; dwell. 3S, and pop.— wh. 204, fr. col. 0— total 204. 
Oi/ntal : Taylor C. H. 

Taylor ci-unty, A'y. Situate centrally, and contains 20S 
sq. m. Drained by aflluents of Green river. Surface undu- 
lating; soil fertile, and adajited to grain and grazing. 
Chief productions tobacco, wheat, Indian corn, and some 
cotton and sugar. Farms 04S; manuf. 22; dwell. 971, and 
pop.— wh. 5,403, fr. col. 147, si. 1,640— total 7,350. Capital: 
CampbellsvOIe. 

Taylor county, Virg., was erected in 1S44 from B.irbonr, 
Harrison, and Preston. Situate N. W., and contains 214 
sq. m. Drained by Monongabela river, which passes 
through. Surface hilly and much broken; soil in some 
parts very fertile, best adapted to grazing. Chief products 
wheat, Indian corn, etc. Farms 510; manuf. 19; dwell. 
SIS. and pop.— wb. 5,180, fr. col. 60, si. 1G3— total ,5,367. 
Capital: Prunty Town. Puhlic Worhs : Baltimore and 
Ohio E. R.; North Western R. K. 

Taylor, p. o., Corllandt co., N. Y. : 123 m. W. Albany. 

Taylor, p. o., St. Charles parish, La. : GO m. S. E. Baton 
Rouge. 

Taylor, p. o., Harford county, M<L : 39 miles N. by E. 
Annapoli.s. 

Taylor, p. v.. Ogle CO., I^L : on S. side of Deep cr., 152 
m. N. by K. Springtield. 

Taylor, p. o., Davis co., Ta.: 72 m. S. W. Iowa City. 

Taylor, p. o., Posey county, Ind. : 144 miles S. W. by S. 
IndiatLipolis. 

Taylor's, p. v., Sumter dist., ^S". Car.: on S. side of 
Lyncli's creek, 60 m. E. Columbia. 

Taylor's, p. v., Jefferson co., Ahi. : on the E. boundary of 
the county, 94 m. N. by W. Montgomery. 



TAY 

Taylor's Bridge, p. o., Sampson county, JV. Car.: 54 m. 
8. "W. by S. Kak'igh. 

Tavi-orsbcrg, p. o., Bartholomew county, Ind. : 85 miles 
S. by E. Indianapolis. 

Taylor's Corners, p. o., De Kalb cc, Ind. : 128 m. N. E. 
by N. Indianapolis. 

Taylor's Cekek, p. o., Liberty county, Ga. : 133 m. S. E. 
Milleilffeville. 

Taylor's Falls, p. v., "Washington co., 3f'mn. Ter.: on 
the W. side of the St. Croix river, opposite the lower falls, 
32 m. above Stillwater, and 109 m. N. by E. H. VwwVs. It 
was laid out in 1S50 by a Mr. Taylor, and it now (1S53) con- 
tains 1 store. 1 hotel, 1 mill for jiriruling corn, etc. 

Taylor's Island, p. o., Dorcht-stiT county, Md.: on an 
islau'l so called, 34 miles S. by E. Annap()lis. 

Taylor's Stand, p. o.. Crawford county, Peiin.: 190 m. 
N. W. by W. Harrisborsr. 

Taylor's Store, p. o., Kranklin county, Virg.: 125 miles 
W. by S. Richmond. 

Taylor's Store, p. o., Knox co., Mo. : 102 m. N. by E. 
Jeflerson City. 

Taylorstown, p. v., Washington county, Penn. : 179 m. 
W. Harrisburg. 

Taylorsville, p. 0., Christian co., Ky. : 163 m. S.TV. by W. 
Frankfort. 

Taylorsville, p. v., and cap. Spencer county. K>j. : 
on N. aide of Salt river, at junction of Brashear's creek, 
29 miles W. S. "W. Frankfort. It contains a court-house, 
jail, etc. 

Taylorsville, p. o., Montgomery county, 07/io; 69 m. 
W. S. W. Columbus. 

Taylorsville, p. v., Clinton co., Ind.: 43 m. N. N. "W. 
Indianapolis. 

Tavlorsvillr, p. v., Bucks co.. Penn. : on TV. side of 
Delaware r., and on the Delaware Division of the Pennsyl- 
vania Canal, 106 m. E. llarrisburg. 

Tayloksville, p. v., and cap. Johnson co., Tenn.: on 
W. side of Roan's cr*>ek. 273 m. E. by N. Nashville. It con- 
tains a courl-house, jail, etc. 

Taylorsville. p. v., Anne Annidcl co., Md,: on the TV. 
side of the \V. branch of Patuxent r., 4 m. N. W. of Upper 
Marlboro', and 126 m. S. W. Annapolis. 

Tayloksville, p. o., Ontario county, 3'. 3'. ; 1S5 miles W- 
Albany. 

Taylorsville. p. v., Oakland co., Mich. : 53 ra. E. by S. 
Lansing. 

Taylorsth-lr, p. v., and cap. Hanover co,, Yivg.: at 
jnnetinn of Newfound and South Anna rivers, 20 m. N. 
Richmond. The Kichmond, Frederickburg, and Potomac 
K. K. passes througb this place, 110 m. S. by "VV. from 
"Washington (I). C.) 

Taylorsville, Patrick co., Tli-g.: {Me Patrick C IT.) 

Taylorsville. p. v.. Smith co., Miss.: on E. aide of 
Leaf r., 56 m. S. E. by E. Jackson. 

Taylorsville, p. v. Madison county, Giu: 73 m. N. 
Millcdgeville. 

Taylouton, p. v., "Wayne co., 3/iw. .• 4 m. "W. of Cuck- 
atuna cr., 102 m. E. by S. Jackson. 

Taylorville, p. v.. and cap. Alexander co., K. Car. : 
182 m. W. by N. Raleigh. 

Taylorville. v. and sla., Bartliolomew co., Ind. : on the 
Jeffersonville R. R.. 73 ra. N. by W. Jeffcrsonville, 34 m. 
S. by E. Indianapolis. 

Tazewell county, Yirg. Situate S. "W., and contains 
1,056 sq, m. Drained by head waters of Clinch and IIol- , 
ston rivers. Tug fork of Sandy r. and its branches, and 
tributaries of Great Kanawha r. Surface elevated and I 
somewhat mountainous; soil moderately fertile, adapted to . 
grain and grass. Chief products, wheat, Imlian corn, and 
potatoes. Farms 726 ; manuf. 12 ; dwell. 1,449, and pop.— 
wh. 8.S117, fr. col. 75, si. 1,060— total ^,^V1. CupiUil: Taze- 
well c. n. 

Tazewell county, PI Situate N. centrally, and contains 



_^ TEL 

704 sq. m. Illinois r. runs on its N. W. border, by branches 
of which and Sangamon r.. and also by Mackinaw cr., it ia 
drained. Surface undulating and diversified : soil fenile, 
of a 8an<Iy nature, and adapted to grain. Chief produc- 
tions, wheat and Indian corn. There is sonic flue prairie 
and timber land. In the S. "W. corner are some swamps. 
Pork and beef are exjjorted. Agriculture is the leading 
pursuit. Farms l,lln ; manuf. 76 ; dwell. 1.991. and pop.— 
wh. 12,016, fr. col. 36— total 12.052. Capital: Fremont 
Puhlic Worka: Oquawka and Peoria R. R. 

Tazewell, p. v., and cap. Mariun co., Ga. : on E. bank 
of S. Whitewjitcr cr., a tributary of Flint r., 90 m. S. W. by 
W. Millcdgeville. It contains a court-house, jail, academy, 
and several churches. 

Tazewell, p. v., and cap. Claiborne co., Teim.: 183 m. 
E. by N. Nashville. It contains a court-house, jail, etc, 

Tazewell (■. H.. p. v., and cap. Tazewell co., Virg.: on 
S. side of X. fork of Clinch r., 217 m. W. by S- Richmond. 
Thev. is called Jeffersonville, and contains the court-house, 
jail, etc. 

TcnuLA. p. o.. Holmes co.. Miss. : on E. bank of Yazoo r., 
at the mouth of Funuigusha cr., 63 m. N. Jackson. 

Teacuy's, p. o. and sta., Duplin co.. K. Car. : on the 'Wil- 
mington and Weldon R. R., 124 m. S. Weldon and 74 m. 
S. E. by S. Raleigh. 

Teazk's Valley, p. o., Kanawha county, Virg.: 243 m. 
W. by N. Richmond. 

Tebo. p. o., Henry county, Mo. : 7S miles W. by S. 
Jefferson City. 

Tecde. U. S. collection district, La.: embracing Tech€ r. 
and vicinity; had, on June 30th, 1S.50, a total tonnage of 
1.3S1 tons, consisting of 9.55 tons enrolled and licensed, per- 
manent, and 426 tons licensed under 20 t<ma. of which the 
whole was employed in the coasting trade; and 533 tons 
were propelled by steam. During the year preceding, its 
foreign commerce was. 2 entrances, 904 urns, with no clear- 
ances. Vessels built during the year, 4 (2 schooners, 1 sloop, 
1 steamer), 90 tons. Franklin is the port of entry. 

TEcnE river. La. : rises near Red r.. in Rapides parish, 
flows in a winding S. S. E. direction, and enters the outlet 
of Chelimeches lake, in St. Mary's parish. Its length is 
ISO m.. and it i.s 2'iO yards wide at the nmulh. The chan- 
nel is deep, and the tide ascends more than 100 m. It is 
20 feet deep, has S feet water on the bar, and is navigable 
to New Iberia. luO miles. 

Teciimseh, L and p. v., Lenawee county, Mich.: 56 m. 
S. E. by S. Lansing. Drained by Raisin r. and branch. 
Surface undulating; soil fertile. It contains a number of 
mills and manufactories. The village of Clinton is in the 
N. and Tecumseh in the S. The latter has a pleasant loca- 
tion, and does a good business. It contains several flouring 
and sawmills; and the ''Tecumseh Herald" is published 
weekly. Connected with the Michigan Southern and 
Northern Indiana R. R. by the Tecumseh Branch R. R., 
8 ni. distant from junction. It was the former seat of justice 
for the county, and contains a court-house, jail, etc. Popu- 
lation of t. 2,678. 

Tedp.ow, p. 0., Fulton county, Ohio: 121 m. N. N. "W. 
Columbus. 

Tehama, v., Coliisi co., Calif. : on the right bank of 
Sacramento r., 127 m. N. by E. Vallojo. 

Tekonsau, L and p. v., Calhoiin county, Mich.: 46 m. 
S. TV. by S. Lansing. Drained by SL Joseph r. Surface 
various ; soil fertile. Tlie v. is pleasantly located on St. 
Joseph r. Pop. of t. 651. 

Telfair county, Ga. Situate S. centrally, and contains 
1,073 sq. m. Ocmulgec r. runs through it iVom E. to W., 
and th.n forms it N. W. boundary. It is drained by the 
Ocmulgec and its princijial branches. Horse, White, and 
Turnpike creeks, and tributaries of Santilla r. Surface 
even ; soil fertile, and produces corn, rice, and Indian corn. 
A portion of the l.ind is covered with pine and other lim- 
ber. Fjirms 980: manuf. 0; dwell. StO, and pop.~wh. 



TEL TEN 

2.00i>. fr. rol. 0, si. 930— total 2.1-20. C'ipital : Jm-kaunvillL'. "W'. siilo nf I)ratich of SavannaU river, 89 miles W. by N. 

PuhHc 'Woik.s: Savnnnah an<l l-Iint U. \X. C"UiinMa. 

Tki.ler's jioinl, \V«-sIehus.ter co., .V. 1' ; lliis piTiinstita Tkmi'Lk, (. arni v., Fninklin cuiiity, J/c ; 35 m. N. W. 

lies on Ihe K. sidt^ of Hudison r.. in the town of Corilandi, AiiKiistii. Dniin-d l)y a braiicli of Sati-ly r. Siirtaoe in the 

above the immih of Croli'ii r. It is 2 m. l-ng and sii.arat*.-s S. even, and im Ihe N. ii lias the Blue Mountains, 2,T00 feet 

Haversiraw and Tiippan li:i\9. hi2;li. Po]!. 7io. 

Tki.ik'o Plains, p. o., Monroe co., Tout.: oa "W. si<le TiTMi'LinoN. t. and p. v., "Worcester co., Jftitts.: 54 m. 

of 'I'ellieo r., 144 ID. K. S. K. Xasliville. "W. I>y N. llnsion. Drained by branches of Miller's and 

TEi.o(iA SpiiiNGS, p. o., Chatooga co., Go. : 1G5 ni. N. W. Cbii.'oj)ei' rivers. Surface uneven — the elevated parts a<iapt- 

Milled^evilly. cd to crazini;, and in Ihe valleys mueh grain is raised. Its 

Temascal. v.. Los Angeles co.. (\(lif. : on u l>ranrh of maiiufaetures consist of woolens, leather, furniing imple- 

Sau Peiiro r., 22 m. S. "W. Muunt Bernardino and oiJT ni. mmls. carriages, wnoden-ware, etc. The Vermont and 

S. E. Valb-jo. ! MassachiiSL'tla R. R. crosses the N, E. part of ihe town. 

Ti:mi'F.ra\cf,. p. o., Telfair co., Ga. : on E. si'ie of Oc- The vibaice is pleasantly located on a branch of Miller's r. 

mnli^ee r.. 84 m. S. Milledgeville. i Pop. of t. 2.173. 

Tempf.ranck, p. o., Ainlierst counly, IVr;/. ,■ 95 m. AV. [ Tkmfleton, p. v.. Prince George eo., Mrff. : 30 m. S. E. 

P.ieliinoiid. I Richmond. 

TEMfERANCE Hali., p. o., Dc Kalb comity, Teni/. : 51 m. ' Tkmpleville, p. v., Queen Anne co.. J/./. .- near the Dei- 

E. by ^. Nashvdie. aware State line. 39 m. E. by N. Annapohs. 

TEMi'ERANrKviLi.E, p. o., Alleghany co., Penn. : 142 m. ! Tenallvtows, p. o., Washington co.. A i^ Cnl.: on the 

W. by N. IIarrisi)urg. ! Georgetown and Frederick road, 2 ra. N. from Georgetowu, 

Temperancevili-E, p. v., lielmont county, Ohio: lOJ m. and 5 ni. X. W. from the Capilol. 

E. I)y N. Columbus. I Ten Mile. p. o., Wasbinglou co., Penn. : on cr. of same 

Temple, t. and p. v., Iliilsboro' county, y. ITamji. : 32 m. name, 1G7 m. W. Ilarrislnirg. 

S. W. Concord. Drained bv branches of Souhegan r , Ten Mile, p. o., Macon co.. M<k : 90 m. N. Jefferson City. 



whicli rises in this town. Surface uneven, and in parts quite ! Ten Mile Pol^■T, p. o., Prairie co., Ark. : 21 ni. E. by N. 

mountainous; soil inferior. The village is located centrally. ' Little Rock. 

I'op. of t. 579. Ten Mile Spring, p. c, Cattaraugus co., X. Y. : 253 m. 

Temple Mills, p. o., Franklin county, 3f'\: 3G m. N. W. "W. by 3. Albany. 

Augusta. Ten Mile Stand, p. o.. Meigs co., Tenn. : on branch of 

Temple of Health, p. o., Abbeville dist., S. Car. : on Iliwassee r., 120 m. E. S. E. Nashville. 

THE STATE OF TENNESSEE. 

Tenntv'JSEe lies in the form of a parallelogram, with Kentucky and Virginia on the north. Korlh Carolina on the east, 
Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi on the souih, and the Mississippi River on liie west, wliii h divi'li-s it from Missouri 
and Arkansas, and extends east and west between Sl^ 37' an'i 9iP 2s' we^t fnun Grei-nwich. «ir 4^ or>' imd l:P 2(J' west 
from Washington, and between the latitudes 35° and 30° 35' north. From Xorih C;irolina it is separated chiefly by the 
Alleghanies. Its area is computed at 45,600 square miles. 

Tennessee is perhaps more diversified in the character of its surface than any other of (lie central Slates. In the oast, 
mouTiiain prevails, and in this section the country is traversed in a north and south dirjclJon by several ridges of ihe 
Appalachian chain, and in its topography presents much picturesijiie au<l beautiful scenery. The inid'ile portion of Ihe 
Stale ib less bold in its outlines, and Ihe surface imperceptibly declines by gradations from a region over^pr■ ad by hills 
and swells of ever-changing and varying elevation and character, to a rolling country of exquisite fertility, and watered 
by innumerable streams, affluents of iU great rivers, the Curalierland and Tennessee. Delween the Tennessee and the 
Mississippi in the west, the surface is nearly level, the general evenness heing interrup[('d only by the courses of Die low 
water-shed dividing the tributaries of the two rivers, or by altcrtialions of woodland and prairie. In all the country, 
b(i\ve\'er, there are but few portions so hilly and broken as to interfere with its agricultural capacities; the hills are 
dollied with wood to llieir summiLs, and tlie soil is everywhere sufficiently fertile for profitable cultivation, or yit Ids nonr- 
isliing grasses for pasturage to the hill-tops. The east aboumis in minerals, the ricli tleposiis of which are only now 
beitig disclosed, and the spurs of the mountains contain in the various rocks materials useful for building purposes 
and ornamental arehiteeture. 

The Kiltatinny range, under the local name of Stone, Bald. Iron. Smoky, and Tnika mountains, forms the dividing line 
between Tennessee and Norlh Carolina, while Ihe prolongation of llie Alleghany chain, of Chestnut Ridge and of Laurel 
Ridge, traverse the Slate norili and soutii. The laltiT, which here takes the name of Cumberland Mountains, spreads oiil 
HI Ibis State toji breadth of about fifty miles, filling that seciion of the country which ties between the Tennessee and the 
Cumberland rivers, before they take a western eourst-. wiih long n-gular ridges of no great elevation. Perhaps none of 
their summils exceed 2.000 ft-et in height, but ihe chains are continuous, interrupted only at great interv.-ils I)y gaps or 
passes. Ill some places they an? rocky and rugged, whih* in others, and generally, they swell gently from their elevated 
bases and embosom luimerous. delightful, an<i fertile valleys. The valleys of the small rivers are extremly beautiful, and 
rich beyond any of the same description west of the Alleghaniea. The valleys of the great sireams— the Tennessee and 
Cumberland— difTer little from the alluvions of the other great river:* of ihe central region of the Uni<tn. In tlie small 
vaUeys are many fine planUilions, so lonely that they seem lost among the mountains. 

Noble rivers, open to navigation, and fine pure streams, fiiriii-"hing am|de power for economical purposes, are distin- 
guisliing features of Tennessee. The Mississippi washes Ihe wesiern border for IGO miles, and ils banks wilhin this 
State afford some of the most valuable commercial sites to be found in it.-* long course. The Cumberland has its sources 
and its mouth in Kentucky, but runs for about 250 miles in Tennessee, ihroiigh which is its most southern bend ; it enlers 
this Slate about longitude 65° 4'i'. and leaves it about longitude si-^o p2', and wilhin 10 miles to the east of Teimessee 
River. Steamlioats have ascended to Burkesville. in Kentucky, but they rarely pass above Carthage, the point where 
Caney Fork meels ihe principal stream. To Nashville, the capiia! of the State, steauibo.at navigation is easy and conve- 
nient. The Tennessee also rises beyond the limits of ih'- Stale. The Clinch and Holslon have their sources in the 
Alleghany ridge of Virginia, but Uie 'Watauga, a tributary of the Ilulaton, Ihe Nolichucky, and Big Pigeon, branches 

b37 



TENNESSEE, 



of the French Broad Uiver, Ihe Little Ti-nnossce, ami the lliwassee— all rise in the Blue Ridge. The Little Teiiiii-ssee is 
oflen considered n» the main river, uul it is much inferior to the Holslon, with whieh it unites, and tlie conllui-nee of iho 
Holston and Clinch form the Tennessee lliver. Most of these rivers are navigable by boats, and they receive numerous 
valuable mid-streams. The jnnciion is effected at Kingston, whence the course of the Tennessee ts south and south-west 
until it enters Alab.ima, through which Stale its course is generally west to the Mississippi Siatc line, on whieh it takes a 
north direction, through Tennessee and Kentucky, to the Ohio. After re-entering Tennessee, it flows 200 miles williin its 
limits, anii is navigable throughout that distance for steamboats. The Elk and Duck rivers are its only considcrablo 
Iributaries: rising in the same district, on the western slope of the Cumberland Mountains, they reach their common 
recipient at a distance of 200 miles from each other, and are both na\ igable for a considerable distance. The Sequaiohee 
is a smaller stream, flowing through a rich and beautiful valley in the Cumberland MouuSains. Caney Fork, and Stone's 
Eiver, the principal tributaries of llie Cumberland, are navigable streams: the former rises ivithin the mountains, and the 
latter on their western slope. "Western Tennessee is almost entirely drained by affluents of the Mississippi. 

The mineral resources of Tennessee consist of valuable deposits of Iron, copper, lead, etc., of which the ores are ex- 
ceedingly rich; these are mostly located in the eastern and middle divisions of the Stale. Copper is of recent discovery, 
and promises to become a rich acquisition to the known resources of the country. Iron is extensively reduced along ihe 
borders of Cumberland liivcr. In December, 1852, there were in tliis region 19 furnaces, 9 forges, and 2 rolling-mills in 
operation,* and producing in the aggregate 44,500 tons of metal annually. The lead-mines have been partially worked 
The gold region extends into the north-eastern part of Tennessee, but the metal has not been found in any large quauti. 
ties. Coal of excellent quality has been mined in the Cumberland Mountains, but, except for local purposes, can be of 
little value, the means of transportation being inferior, and the coal-fields of the Ohio basin being much more accessible 
and more cheap y wrought. Formerly Ibis coal was mined to a considerable extent, and carried from Crab Orchard 
Mountain, near Emory's Uiver, down the Tennessee to New Orleans. The supposed coal of Williamson, Davidson, and 
Maury counties is, according to Professor Troost. aluminous slate. The State contains quarries of excellent nmrble and 
other calcareous formations ; gypsum is also abundant ; nitrous earths are found in the limestone caverns, and there are a 
variety of other useful minerals throughout the country; east of the Tennessee salt is abundant. In the eastern section 
there are numerous sulphur and other mineral springs. Many of Ihe caverns are of great extent— some have been ex- 
plored for a distance often miles, and contain sp.iciou3 apartments, and are traversed by considerable streams. 

The climate of Tennessee is mild and genial, being free from the scorching heats of the South and the chilling blasts 
of the North. Cattle may graze on the jilains througiiout tlie winter. Its salubrity is unquestionable; the low valleys 
where the waters are stagiuint, and the alluvions of the great rivers, being exceiitlons. The soil of East Tennessee, prin- 
cipally calcareous, is eminently fertile. In the west the soils vary, and the strata descend from the mountains in the fol- 
lowing order: first, loamy soil, or mixtures of clay and sand ; next, yellow clay ; next, a mixture of red sand and Ted 
clay ; and lastly, white sand. In the southern parts are immense beds of oyster shells, on high table-land, at a distance 
from any stream. Nearly all tlie forest trees of the central country are found in this State ; juniper, red cedar, and savin 
cover the mountains. The pine-forests of the eastern section are valuable for their tar, turpentine, etc. The sugar-maple 
is very abundant Fruit in all its varieties is raised in great perfection in every part of the State. The agricultural pro- 
ductions are similar to those of the Ohio Valley generally, with the addition of cotton, which is grown chiefly in the south 
and west. The east is cliiefly engaged in c a Ule- raising, and exports largely to the south. Tobacco and hemp are abo 
staples of Tennessee, and in quality are excellent, 
perfect growth. 

Tennessee is divided into 70 counties, Ihe general statislics of which, and the capitals of each, in 1550, were as follows: 



Eastebn Tennessee— 2S counties. 



Coutitiea. 


Pwell. 


Pop, 


Farm, 
in r.tlt. 


M.MI1I 

Ki-tiil 


''■ Capilals, 


Coiintiea. 


Dwell, 


Pop. 


Farms 
intuit. 


M.nniif 
Kstiib 


Capitnta. 


Anderson . . . 


. l,f;9i 


. 6,988 


. 698. 


9 


. Clinton 


.Tohnsim. ... 


. 805 


. 3.705 


. 825 


. 42. 


Taylorsville 


Bledsoe 


854 


. 5,951 


. 325 . 


2 


. Pikeville 


Knox 


. 2,804 


.18.755 


.1,403 


. 67. 


Kno.willG 


Blount 


1.992 


.12.332 


. 976. 


88 


. Marysville 


Marion 


. 957 


. 6,314 


. 724 


. 9. 


Jasper 


Bradley 


. 1,955 


.12.259 


. 8S6. 


44 


. CleiivelanJ 


Mi-iga 


. 819 


. 4,879 


. 59S 


. 1. 


. Deeatur 


Campbell 


. 916 


. 6.0CS 


. .^21 . 


14 


. J.ioksboro' 


Monroe 


. 1,S16 


.11,874 


. 918 


. 59. 


Mailisonville 


Carter 


. 1.002 


. 6.298 


. 505. 


47 


. Elizabethtown 


Morgan 


, 5S1 


. 3,480 


. 430 


. 3. 


Mv,ntgomery 


Claiborne . . . 


1,425 


. 9,369 


. 944. 


24 


.Tazi'wcll 


M'Minn 


. 2,040 


.13,906 . 


.1,638 


.115. 


Athens 


Cooke 


, 1,295 


, S.-SiiQ 


. 836. 


85 


. Newport 


Polk 


. I,;il2 


. 6,8.33 


. 561 


. 11. 


Benton 




1,S94 
. 2,'J:IS 


.12.870 
.17.824 


. 728. 
.1..346 . 


34 
47 


. EiitleJgo 
. GrL-enville 


Uhca 


. 681 
. 1,312 


. 4.415 
.12.1,85 . 


. 305 
. 842 


. 21. 


Washington 
Kingston 


Greene 


Koane 


Hamilton 


, 1,590 


.10.075 


. 638. 


10 


. Ilurristin 


Scott 


. 296 


. 1.905 


. 290 


. — . 




Hancock 


. 9.39 


. 6,660 


. 7S7 . 


17 


. Sueedville 


Sevier 


. 1.071 


. 6.920 


. 631 


. 13. 


Sevier 


Hawkins 


. 2.019 


.13,370 


. 785 . 


21 


. Iloa:ersvilIc 


Sullivan 


. 1,826 . 


.11.742 . 


. 816 


. 15. 


Bloinilville 


Jefferson 


. 1,975 


. 13,204 


. 904 . 


72 


. Danbridgo 
Middle Tesnes. 


Washiu'gloa . 

3EE — 32 COUHlil 


. 2,155 
3. 


.13,861 . 


. 922 


.120, 


Juuesboro' 


Counties. 


n-veii. 


Pop. 


Farm. M.in.if 
ill roll. K»t^,t>. 


Capilalii, 


C.iuiiliM. 


Dwell. 


Pop. 


Farms 
in cult. 


Mann 
KstHt 


Cnpitala. 


Bedford 


2,754 . 


. 21,512 


. 936 . 


23. 


. Shelbyvillo 


Dickson 


1,080 . 


. 8.404. 


. 467 


. 14. 


Chnrlotlo 


Cannon 


1.326 . 


. 9.932 


. 877. 


7 . 


. "U'ooilbury 


I)c Kalb.... 


1,247 . 


8,016 . 


. 717 


. 24. 


Smilhville 


CoflTee 


1,179 . 


. S.S5I 


. 485 . 


19 


. Mancliester 


Fentress 


707 . 


4.45t . 


. 499 


. 5. 


■Tamestinva 


Davidson ... 


4,257 . 


. 38,8S1 . 


.1,343. 


109. 


. NASIlVItLE 


Franklin 


1,6.33 . 


13,763 , 


.1,015 


. 67. 


Winchester 


* llie fulluvring etatiatics nre from Hunt's " 


Mercbants' Magazine" for 


May. llshS. 














N 


niher 


Pro^lwrts. 




Value of 


Capital 




Haix! 


s Employed. 




of Works. 


IS'l. 






Protiiicts. 




vested. 


Wliites.^- 


■-^ ..\egroe3. 










lis metal 










1,560 






9 

30 


.. 10.'^) 
.. 1.700 

... UfiW 


'" 










20O .. 
90 .. 

,3U5 .. 








4:'-,ooo 


2 


2r.,000 ... 




HO 













Tol.ll 


S1.67J,000 


.... $I,ilti,>00 ... 


1.910 



TENNESSEE. 











dlDPLE TENNKaSEE— 32 COUntiCS— [c 


ontintif'T]. 








Counties, 


Dwell. 


r„p. 


Fiinns 
■n full. 


Mb.iu 


'"■ CiMt,!,. 


Ci, unties. 


Dwell. 


r„p. 


rnrma 
iu i-nlt. 


Mannf 
Et.tHb 


Capilnls 


Giles 


. 2,,S3ll . 


. 2.';.949 


.2,075 


.139. 


. Pulaski 


Overton ... 


.. 1,673 . 


.11.211 


. 929 


. 9 . 


. Monroe 


GrLiudy 


. 4:i5 


. 2,778 


. 2113 


. 2 


. AllaUKint 


Uolterlson . 


.. 1.9II6. 


. 16,1.15 


.1,063 


. 63. 


Si)riiii!:fleld 


nickman 


. l.'.'tW . 


. 9,397 


. 77.S 


. 40. 


. C\-n[rL-\ilie 


Uutlierlord. 


. . 2.^95 . 


. 29,122 


.1.507 


. 41 . 


Murfreesboro' 


IIuinplirL-ys . 


. 919 


. 6,422 


. 679 


. 40 


. WavL-rly 


Smith 


. . 2.422 . 


. 1S.412 


.1,310 


. 82. 


Carthage 


•Tiicksrm 


. 2..".2o . 


. 15.673' 


.1,211 


. 4. 


. Gaitifshoro' 


Stewart 


.. I,2i5. 


. 9,719 


. 936 


. S3. 


. Dover 


LawfL'uce... 


. l,:!i;4 . 


. 9.2S0 


. .993 


. 43. 


. Lawrciu'fburg 


Sumner 


. . 2.,'.55 . 


. 22,717 


.1,835 


.103. 


Gallatin 


Ll^wjs 


. 593 


. 4,433 


. 394 


. IS. 


. llamp.-^hire 


Van Ijiireil . 


. . 404 . 


. 2,674 


. 192 


. 5. 


. Spencer 


LiiK'ohi 


3,mo. 


. 23.492 . 


.1.920 . 


.100 . 


. KayoltL-ville 


Wjtrren 


..1,3S7. 


10,179 . 


. 615. 


. 0. 


M'Minnville 


Mhcou 


. 1,1144 


. (i,94S 


. 782 


. 8. 


. La r'ayt'tte 


Wiiyue . . . . 


.. 1.216. 


. 8.170 


. 689 


. 10. 


Waynesboro' 


Marshall.... 


'-MiBl . 


. 15,016. 


.1,032 . 


. 3S. 


. Lewislmrg 


White 


.. 1.706 . 


. 11,444 


.1,341 


. 22. 


. Sparta 


Maury 


•.>,S01 . 


. 29,520 


.1.501 


.112 


. C'llimibia 


"Williamson. 


. . 2..V.4 . 


. 27,201 


.LS-iS 


. 64. 


. Franklin 


Moulgouicry 


. 2,1)86 


. 21,045 


.1,227 


. 59. 


. Clarksville 


Wilson .... 


.. 3,411. 


. 27,444 


.1,988 . 


. 86. 


Lebauon. 












Westekn Tennessee— 19 counties. 










Counties. 


Dwell. 


P.,p. 


Farms 
lit. nil. 


M.nn. 
Efr.a 


'■ OapHali. 


Ciuinlies. 


Divell. 


Pop. 


Fnrmi 
m cult. 


Manu 
Esl.,1, 


Capitals, 


Benton 


9S4. 


. 6,315 . 


. 706 . 


. 2. 


. Camden 


Henry 


. 2,245 . 


18.233 


.1,478 . 


. 61. 


Paris 


Carroll 


2,105 . 


15,967 . 


.1,404 . 


. 24. 


. Huntingdon 


Lauderdale. 


.. IJOS . 


5,169 . 


. 287. 


. 4. 


Kipley 


Decatur 


. 9«. 


. 6,003 


. 443 


. 15. 


. Deealurville 


Madison . .. 


. 2,282 . 


21,470 . 


.1,403. 


. 49. 


Jacksoa 


Dvcr 


824. 


. 6.861 . 


. 615. 


7 


. Dversbur* 


M'Nairy.... 


.. 1,S95 . 


12.S14 . 


.1,379 . 


. 33. 


Purdy 


Favettc 


1.951 . 


. 26,719 . 


.1.172 . 


. 29. 


. Sonierville 


Obion 


.. 1,131 . 


7,633 . 


. 653 


. a. 


Troy 


Gibson 


2,529 . 


l9,5iS . 


.2,160 . 


. 4S . 


. Trenton 


Perry 


.. 927. 


. 5,822 


:S. 


. 4. 


Linden 


Hetirk-rson.. 


l.TOS . 


13.164 . 


. 978 . 


. 25. 


. Lexington 


Shelby 


. 2,926 . 


31,167 . 


.129. 


Ealeigh 


Havwood . . . 


1,454. 


. 17,2.i9 . 


. 961 . 


. 13. 


. Brown3\'ille 


Tipton 


.. SI3 . 


S,SS7 


. 631 


. 10. 


. Covington 


Ilar'Ieman .. 


1,T35 . 


. lT.4o6 . 


.1,027 . 


. 64. 


. Holiv.ar 


Weakley... 


. 1,945 . 


14,6US . 


.1,407 


. 13. 


Dresden 


Uardin 


. 1,603 . 


. 10,323 . 


. 690 . 


. 19. 


. Savannah 















The whole number of dwellings in the Slate was. at the above date. 129.420 ; of families, 130,005 : and of inhabitants, 
1,002.625; viz., whites 756,893— males 382,270, and females 374,623; fr. col. 0,271— nitiles 3,ii72, and females 3,!9'9, and ■ 
si. 239.461. Of the whole population there were, (/eaf and dumb — wh. .335, fr. col. 2, si. 40— total 377 ; Uind — wh. 385, 
fr. col. 10. si. 73— total 463; t;isini<>— wh. 453. fr. col. 4, si. 21— total 478; and WiVf'e- wh. 789, fr. col. 4, si. 01— total 854. 
The number of frA persons born in the United States was 755,655, the number of foreign birth 5,740, and of birth un- 
known 1.759. The yiative population orii^inated as follows: Maine 97, N. Hainp. 04, Verm. 179, Mass. 331, It. I. 83, 
Cojm. 261, N. York 1,019, N. .Jer. 248, Penn. 2,146, Del. 95, Md. 1.554, Disl. of Col. 101, Virg. 46,631, N. Car. 72,027, 
S. Car. 15,197, Oa. 4,80:}, Flor. 369, Ala. 6,393, Miss. 2.137, La. 261, Tex. 100, Ark. 490, Tenne-isee 585,084, Ky. 12,069, 
Ohio 742, Mich. 7, Ind. 769, 111. 872, Mo. 920, la. 30, Wise. 8, Calif. 0, Territories 2; and Ihe fon-ign population was com- 
posed of persons from— England 706, Ireland 2,640, Scotland 327, Wales 17, Germany 1,168, France 245, Spain 3, Portugal 2, 
Belgium 4. Holland 57, Italy 69, Austria 10, Switzerland 206, liiissia 9, Denmark 8. Norw.ay 0, Sweden 8, Prussia 32, 
Sardinia 2, Greece 2, China 0, Asia 3, Africa 5, British America 76, Mexico 12, Central America 0, South Atnerica 0, 
West Indies 20, Sandwich Islands 0, and other countries 59. 

The following t;d)le will show the decennial progress of the population since the first census of the State, taken by the 
Untt*;d Slates authorities : 

Coloreii Persons. Decenniat lniTea,.ie. 

Census 'Wliito , ' , Total , . , 

Vears. \ Persons. Free. SJave Tol.il. Foputition. NuinericaL Percent. 
1790....'.... 32,013 801 S.41T 3.773 .3."..791 — — 



1800. 
1810. 
1320. 
1830. 



. 91.709 809 13,584 13.893 305,0112. 

.21.5,876 1.317 44,.W5 4.'),*,')2 201.727. 

.&39.927 2.779 80,107 82,886 422,813. 

..53.5.640 4.655 141,G1>S 146.258 681,904. 



ISIO 640.627.. 

1850 756,893.. 



.,5.624 18.3.069 188, 

.0,271 239,401 245, 



183........ 829,210. 



.1,002,725 173,615. 



. 69,811 19,5.0 

.1.56.125 147.3 

.161,030 01.5 

.269.091 01.2 

.147.306 21.6 

20.9 



The general statistics of the industry. produeU. wealth, and institutions of the State, according to the census returns of 
1850, and other official documents referring to the same year, are ,as follows: 

Orriijiietf /.tiDfii, ftc. — Improved farm lands, 5,175,172 acres, and unimproved attached lands, 13,808.349 acres — valued 
together at $97,851,212. The whole number of farms under cultivation on the 1st June. 1350, was 72,710, of which 21,232 
were in Ea.*tern Tennessee, 32 545 in Middle Tennessee, and 18,933 in Western Tennessee. Total value of farming 
implements and machinery. $5,360,220. 

Lme-Stocl: — Horses. 270,0;'-6 ; asses and mules. 7.'"i.3n3 ; milch cows. 2."'0.450; work'ng-oxen, 80,2.55; other cattle, 414,051 ; 
eheep, 811,691 ; and swine, 3,114,111. Tliese numbers, compared with the stock in ISIO, exhibit the following results : 



Description. 

Horses 

Mules and Asses 

Milch Cows 

Working Oxen 5-822.851 

Other Cattle 

Sheep T41.593 

Swine 2.920,607 



ls«. 
341,409 head. 



(•822.! 



1 KMt. 

270.636 head 

75 303 

.1.'6 

66,2.')5 

414.l'5I 

811. .'.91 

3.114,111 



Mo' 



. Auci'. 4,.'i30 head, or 1.3 per cent 



■i •"■■•■^•••^ " \- 
( 414.l'5I " I 



, incr. 69.998 
.incr. 187,.504 



or 9.0 



or 9.4 
or 6.4 



-the live-stock in 1850 was valued in the aggregtite at $29,973,016. 
ProducU of An im ah. 



Wool, 1,304;378 pound",; butter, 3,139,585 pounds • cheese, 177,681 poimds; and the value of anl- 

S39 



TENNESSEE. 



mills slaughtered was $6,401,785. The wocil crop according to the censuii of 1S4II amounted to 1,000.332 pounds ; and hence 
the increase exliil>iled in 1S50, is S04.04li pciunils, or 19.2 per cent The product per fleece in 1840, was T2S ounces, 
and in 1S50, 26.S ounces — increa*(i in protluction 4 ounces per fleece, or 17.6 jjer cent 

Oniiu ('/■0//.V.— Wheat, 1,C19,SS6 bu>hvls; rye, >9,163 bushels: Indian corn, 52,279.22.'5 bushels; oats, 7.703,086 Inisliels; 
barley, 2,737 bushels; and buckwheat, 19,427 bushels. Coniparutively, the grain crops returned in 1S40 and ISoO were as 
{oUuws : 

CnipB. 

Wheat 4,.'i09.092 bushels 1 619.3S6 I 

Kye 804,320 •• 89.163 

Indian com 44.9Sl!.lSS " 62,579,223 



Oats 7,086.078 " 7,708.086 

Barley 4.809 " 2.787 

Buctwheat 17,118 " 19,427 



ilecr. 2,9.sn,.8nC bu 


shels, or 


64.5 percent. 


fl^cr. 225,157 


' or 


78.9 


iuci: 7,298.035 


' or 


16.2 " 


inci: 667,408 


' or 


9.4 " 


rfecr, 2,072 


' or 


431 " 


iiu-r. 2,309 


" or 


1.3.4 " 



Oi^erFood O-flps.— Rico, 25S.S54 (in 1340, 7,977) pounds; pe:is nniJ beans. 36D.S-21 bushels : p<il:itoes— Irish, 1,0G0.84J 
bushels, an<l sweet. 2,7T7,71G bushels. The pulato cr.>p of Wl » aniMUiUctl lo l,i)li4 3T0 l>u»hel*, and hence ihe inereiiso iu 
1850 was l,9Ji4,190 bushels, or 101.5 per ceuU The culUvation of rice may be said to have been commenced wilhin tho 
decade. 

MUcHlnnemis Cr&ps. — Tobacco, 20.14S.932 pounds ; cotton, 194,532 bales of 400 pounds : hay. 74,092 tons : clovcr-secd, 
6,096 bushels ; other grass seed, 9,1 IS bushels; liops,l,o;J2 pnuiids ; henii>— dew-rolted 3,913 Ions, ami waler-n>tled 1,183 
tons: flax, 867.80? pdumls; flax-seed, 1s>,9ij5 bushels ; silk cooikhis, 1.9J3 pouuds; sugar — uiaple, 15S,55T pounds, and cane, 
248 hogsheads nf 1,000 pounds; molasses, 7,'2'23 gallons; beeswax and huiiey, 1.(I3G.572 pounds; wine. '.'2 gallons, etc. 
The value of orchard products was $02,^94, and of market-garden products $97,133. On comparison with the like pro- 
ducts of 1S40 the rulluwiug are the results 

Crupa. 1S^0. \&^0. Muvement. ' 

Tobacco 29.550.-433 pounds 20,143.932 pounds d^'cr. 9,401,500 pounds, or Sl.S per cent 

Cotton 37,701.277 " 77,S12,3U0 " hwr. 50,111,523 '* or lSn.9 " 

Hay 31,233 tons 74.092 tons, incr. 43,S49 Ions or 140.4 " 

Hemp — dew -rotted... 1 ( 8,913 '* i 

" water-roiled . . . v S,8i4A tons -j 1,1 S3 " V incr. 4,291,167 pounds, or 57.3 " 

Flax. .'. ) i 3G7.S07 pounds ) 

Sugar — maple i (158,557 " ) , - , 

" cane f 253,073 pounds j 04s OOO " f "'*^'** '^*^'"*^ pounds, or 57.5 " 

Wine 653gatlons 92 gallons deer. 561 gallons, or S5.9 " 

Homr-maflfi Jifdnv/iictitres yvere produced in the year ending 1st June, 1350. to the value of $3,137,710. The same class 
of goods for the census year of 1S40, were valued at $2,336,661. Increase $251,049. or 6.7 per cent. 1 

Manuftictures. — Aggregate capital invested, $0,000,000; vaUie of all raw material, fuel, ete., used and consumed, f 

$0,000,000 ; bands employed 00,000— males O.HOO, and females 0,000 ; monthly cost of labor $UO,iiOO— male $(tO.O"0. and ■ 

female $00,000 ; value of the year's products, $0,000,000. The whole number of manufacturing establish nieuls in opera- . 

lion on the let June, 1850. and producing to the value of $500 and upward annually, was 2,789— in the Kastern District • 

941, in the Middle District 1.297. and in the Western District 551, and distributed to the covmtiesof eaeh disirict as exhibit- 
ed in the general t^ible. Of the aggregate number 33 were cotton factories, 4 woolen factories, 81 iron works — 16 inakiug 
castings, 23 making pig iron, and 42 making wrought iron — and 894 were tanneries. The total capital employed in man- 
ufactures, according to the returns of ISiO, amountetl to $3,731,589. 

CotUm mnnvfitvtures employ a capital of $669,600; consume annu.illy 6.411 bales of cotton, and 8,010 tons of coal, 
valued at $297,500 ; hands employed 891— males 310, and females 581 ; monlhly cost of labor, $7,124— male $3,892, and fe- 
male $3,730; pp'ducrs of the year— sheeting, etc.. 863,250 yards, and yarn 2,326.250 pounds; value of eniire products, 
$510,644. In 1340 there were in the Stale 3S factories, with an aggregate capital amounting to $462,240, employing 1,543 
hands, and producing to the annual value of $325,719. 

TToo/cu 7H</n7(/!((f «;•*?.? have ft capital of $lo.9oO; used 6 300 pounds of woo], valued at $1,675; hands employed 17 — 
males 15, and females 2 ; monlhly cost of labor $277— male $265, and female $12 ; hats manufactured 2.22u. vahied at 
$6,310. There are j)robably other woolen factories producing to a less amuuut than $500 annually. In 1340. the number 
of factories was 2G, and fulling-mills 4, with an aggregate capital of $25,600, employing 45 hanils, and producing to tho 
value of $14,290. * 

Iron manufactures enumerated in the census of 1850, exhibit the following statistical details : 

Si-ecifications. Pig Iron. Cist Imn. Wr.iuglit Iron. Tdtnl. 

Capital invested dollars .... 1,021,400 139.500 775.050 1,935.950 

Iron ore used fo/w 8S,S10 fi.WiO 9.151 103,nU 

Pig Iron used " — 1,C82 11,696 13,973 

Blooms used " — — 325 825 

Mineral Coal consumed " 177,167 24,690 6,238 20S,0?5 

Coke and Charcoal C(msumed bit^heU .... 164.000 13,200 — 178.200 

Value of all raw material, etc dvUnrs . . . 254.900 90.035 855,616 780,551 

Hands employed— male number. . . 1,713 261 731 2,705 

" " female " ... 109 8 55 172 

Monthly cost of labor-male doUars ... 21,958 4,637 11,111 87.756 

" " " female .... " ... 558 86 275 8C9 

Iron produced iGns 80,420 8,384 10.:i43 44,153 

Value of all other products dolUtra... 41.900 — 88.300 30.700 

Value of entire products " ... 676,100 264,325 670,613 1.611.048 

•-In 1840 there were In Tenuesseo 84 furnaces, producing 16,128t tons cast iron, and 99 bluomeries, foi^es, and roUiug- 
S40 



TENNESSEI 



mills, pnHlui'iiii: 9-GT3 tons Imrinin; fuel consumed, 187,453 tons; hands emplojed 2,2G6, and aggregate capilal invested 
in the inaimriniuri-, $I,r)14.7;ifi. 

7;/»;f^/vV5t'iiiiiloy a cjipitul of $400,320; value of hides :uid skins, $39r).l,%9 ; hiUKls emplnyed 921— males OIG, and fc- 
mnles G ; innntlily cnst of hibur ^H-MT'i— male $14,338, and fi-inale $:1-^ ; sid.-s of leather l;iiin.Mi 333,8SS, and skins lanru-d 
43,4.'9 : vjihie ol nnniiiil prodiieL-. $7J6.4S4. The number of i;inneries in 1^0 wa-s 454, eniplnyin* a eapilal ni $484,114, 
and y> 9 Ii.itids. and pnidueins annually 133 547 sid.-s of anle leailier. and 171.324 -si^h-s of ujiper leather. 

J/ttU and fipiritoii.s Hijutirs iiiiptn) in llieif rnjinufju'tnre ^HG.Vio ; qnaniities and kinds ol fjrain, etc, consumed — barley 
3,<i0it bushels; corn 25S.4ii(i bushels. jin<l rye 6.4 sd bush. Is; hands enipln>ed, 159; and whisky and hiieh wines produeed 
657,(K)(i {;:ill-.ns. In lS4t) there were reported 1.42(i disiilleri's, iirorhieinii annually l,lu9,107 gallons, ami G breweries, pro- 
duein;; l.>^35 iralliiMs; li;inils employed 1,341. Jind eapital invesied $2lS.(i-'2. 

Tennes.see Ims :iNo tarj;e maiiulaeiories of machituTy, hardware, and other metallic ware. briek-yar»)s, tobacco factories, 
saddlery niariulii'-tories. polleries. p;ip> r-mills, eordafire factories, carriage factories, etc. Grist, saw, flour, and other mills 
coiiinioii to airriciillnrai States, enipl'-y about one-third the whole capiial invested in maimfactures. The chief manulVie- 
turini; ccnires are Nashiille, KnoxviMe. M<-niphis, etc, but the preat bulk of the manufactures are distributed among the 
Villafri'S. and as jel there are no manufaetnrinp towns such as evist in the Kastern Stales. 

Coinnu'rce and intfriiiil coini>nuiiciiti>m. — Teiitn-ssee has ni> direct forei^rn coinnieree. The internal trade carried on 
Ihrouiih iis rivers, railromiy, imd oiher cliannels, however, is extensive, and a large amount of produce, ijoods. and mer- 
chandise is (orrjed to the seabojird at New Orh-ans, Savannah, and Charleston, and nun h of the produce- of the State is 
brought down the Tennessee and Curiiberland rivers lo the Ohio, and seeks a noribern outlet by wny r»i" ritiisburir and the 
lakes. The sIiippitiiT owned in the <!islri<t of Na>h\ille in 1^.'>0 aiTiounted lu 3.77G tons, all of which w;i9 navi^;iled by 
sleam-power. The sy.steni of railroads in Tennessee is .as yet but partially completed, but great progress has been made, 
and a niagnifloent system projected. The centres are Nashville and Knoxville. From Nashville. lines diverge toward 
every direction — north toward Henderson. Louisville, Cinciimaii, and Maysville, east towar'l Sa\'annah and Charleston, 
sonlli toward Mobile aTuI New Orleiins and west toward the Mississippi, at Memphis, etc. The great line from Mobile to 
Cairo also passes tlir»»ugti tliiy S(jiie. From Knoxville. lines also iljverg<' lo Louisville, on the (Hiio. to Richmond on the 
Atlantic, and to the souihern .\llantic ports. The (Charleston and Memphis Ilallroad is also in part within this Stale, but 
chiefly in Mississippi and Alabama. Tennessee has no eanals, but several of the rivers have been improved and rendered 
navigable. The county roatls. turnpikes, etc., are of onlinary cunslruciion. and hitherto have been the oidy available 
channels of trade t() and from the rivers. They are generally good, and. except in wet weather, answer the present "Ic- 
mands of the country. The several lines of railroad are detailed in the .\pprndix. 

B'inks. — On the 1st January, ISol, there were in Tennes'^ee 4 banks and 19 branch banks. The Rank rf Tennessco 
(head quarters at Nashville) has branches at Athens, Clarksville, Columbia, Ungersville, Stulbyville, Sonnrvtile, S[)arta, 
and Trenton : the Planters' bank of Tennessee (Nashville) has braneh<'3 at Athens, Clarksville. Franklin, Memphis, and 
Pulaski ; the Union Bank of Tennessee (Nasluille) has branches at Columbus, Chattanooga, Jackson, Knoxville. :md 
Memphis ; and the Bank of Kasl Tennessee is located at Knoxville, The condition of the reporting banks at the date 
specified wa9 as follows: Z/a?/iV/?M<— capital, $G,SS1.563; circulation. $6.^14.376; deposits. $1,917,757: due other l)anks, 
$G1,G;JS ; anil other liabilities, $10,000 ; and dswAs— loans anrl discounts. $10,992,139 ; stocks, $432,902 ; real estate, $GG2.520 ; 
due by other banks. $1,659,413; notes of other banks, $7J9.1S6: an-I speeie, $1,45S.T7S. A free banking law has cnue 
into operation since the above returns were made, and several banks have commenced under its provisions. 

Oof'cniment — The first constitution of Tenm-ssee was adopted at Knoxville in 1796. and amended at Nashville in 1S^4. 
The right of s-njfrtrge is secured lo every free male white citizen. 21 years old, resident in the county where he olTera 
his vote six months next before the election. Kvery man is to be considered white who is a coinpel<nt witness in court 
against a white man. The general election is held every second year on the first Thursday of August. 

The LfgUhitnre, consists of a House of Uepresenta lives and a Senate. Uepresentaiives, in number not exceeding 75, 
until the population of the State is 500.000, and thereafter not exceeding 99 (now 75). sliatl have the same r]natiIieatiou9 as 
voters, and have resided in the State three years, and in the county one jear nexl before the election. Senators, in num- 
ber not exceeding one-ihird of the representatives, shall have the qualifii-aiions of representatives, and shall be 30 years 
of age, lii'presentativesand Senators are chosen for two years. The sessions commence (every second year) on llu- first 
Monday of October. " A census shall be taken an<I an apporiionmenl made in 1S41. and in every tenth year llu-reafk-r." 
The C&venior must l>e 80 years of age, a citizen of the United Statis, and a citizen of the Slate for seven years pre- 
ceding the eleciion. and is chosen by a plurality of votes for t«'o years, but the same person is not eligible for more Iha i 
six out of every eight years. If the ofllee of Governor become vacant, the Speaker of Ihe Senate, and aller him the 
Speaker of the House ofKepresentalives, shall act as Governor. 
The administrative oVl\ceTA are. the Secretary of State, the Treit»"urer, Comptroller of tlie Treasury. Attorney-general, etc. 
The jndicituy'is vested in a Supreme Court, a Court of CMianeery, and Circuit (VmrLs. The suprem'* court is eonsiiiutcd 
of three judges, one of whom resides in each of the three grand divisions of the Slate. Judges of this court must be at 
least 35 years of age. and are elected by joint ballot of the two houses of tlie General .\ssembly fiir 12 years. The court 
of chancery is presided over by a chancellor, one in each of (he four cliancery dislriets of tin* State. Then- are fourteen 
circuit courts, also a special criminal court in Pavi<lscm coutuy (Nashville), and a conimereial and erimiii:d court of Sli'-Iby 
county (Metiipbis). The judges of all inferior courts must be at least 30 years of agi'. and are chosen in the same way as 
supreme court justices, but oidy for eight years. All judges receive a fixed eompensalion, and are removable on a vole 
of two-thirds of both houses. Justices of the peace are elected in districts f>jr six years ; sherifTs in counties for two years, 
and registrars for eight years. 

Amone the provisions of the constitution are the following: No person who denies the being of a Ood or a future state 
of rewanis and punishments, can h-Wd any office; any person directly or indirectly engaged in a duel shall bo disfiunti- 
fli-d for office; no fine exceeiling $50 shall be lai<l on any citizen of the Slate, unless assessed I)y a jury ; lotteries and the 
sale of lottery tickets are prolnbite.l ; the proportion and the proceeds of the sale of the public lands coming to the State 
shall beapidied to education and internal improvement; the General Assembly can not emancipate slaves without the 
Consent of the owners, etc. 

Amendments to the conslitnlion. if agreed to by a majority of the members of the two houses, shall bo published six 
months before ihe next general election, an.i if apjiroveii by a vote of two-thirds of the members of the next Legislature, 
shall be submitted lo the people, and if ratified by a majority of voUs, shall be adopted. But the Legislature shall not 
propose alterations oflener than ten years. 

K 5 841 



TENNESSEE. 



Federal lifjyresentation, —In accordance with the law of 23d May, 1S50, Tennessee is entitled to ten repreaentatives in 
the Congress of ihe United Stales. 

Finance.^ JJeht, <^c.— There had been paid inln the treasury, during the biennial period ending on the first >rond:iy in 
October, IST'I. the sum of $l,ii04,004 94, and there had been paid out within the same period for all purposes, $0;i8,4yi 25. 
Excess of receipts over disbursements for the two years, $70,573 69, wliicli, adfled to balances from former years, amount- 
ing to $1.52. 19s 11, makes the resources of the treasury in October, 1851, $222,771 SO. The receipts have incrcase<l within 
the last two years from $790,695 53 to $1,004,004 94, and the disbursements from $562,430 66 to the sum of $933,431 25. 

The State debt amounted at the dale aforenamed to $3,651,^56 66. ami the annual interest on it to $195,626 37. The 
amount of productive proj)erty held by the State in 1S51 was $4,128,725 74; school fund, $1,321,655. Ordinary annual 
expenditure, exclusive of debts and school fund, $290,000. 

The principal benevolent imtUutions of Tennessee are, the Lunatic Asylum and Institution for the Blind at Nashville, 
and the Deaf and Dumb School at Knnxville. The State .appro])riates about $5,0iJ0 annually to each of these institutions. 

Tennessee has made no genera! returns of its militia force to the United States Government since 1S40. At that date 
the t^jtal number enrolled was 71,252, of which 3,607 were commissioned officers, and 67,645 non-commisainned offlt-ers, 
musicians, artificers, and privates. Of Ihe commissioned ofllcersSo were general ofBcers, 79 general staff-ofllicers, 859 field- 
officers, etc., and 2,644 company-officers. All white male persons between 13 and 45 years of age are subject to military 
duty ; but all free colored men are exempt in time of peace, and exempt also from poll tax. 

Education. — The only returns required of the District School Commissioners are of the scholastic population of their 
several districts. The amount of school fund apportioned among the several counties in July, 1847, was $117,284 12 ■ 
increased by sums remaining undrawn, in treasurj', and otherwise, to $191,241 S4. Scholastic population at the same 
time, 266,078. Amount apportioned in July, 1S4S, $114,227 IS. Scholastic population in 1S48, 272,00;i and a fr.action. 
There are academies in all the principal towns and villages which receive a portion of the school fund. The principal 
colleges and professional schools within the State, and the statistics of each, as exhibited by their returns in 1850, are as 
follows : 

Names. Lorntinn. Founded. * Proreaanrs. 

East Tennessee College Knoxvilte 1792 5 

Washington College "Washington co 1795 3 

University of Nashville Nashville 1^00 7 

Jackson College Columbia 1833 5 

TusiMiiurn College Near Greenville 1S47 2 

Cumberlaml University Lebanon 1844 5 

FrankHn College Near Nashville 1S45 5 

Union College Murfreesboro' 1S4S 5 

South-western Theol. Sem. (Presb.) Maryville 1S21 2 



Alumni. 


SludentJ. 


Vols, in libr. 


123 ... 


.... 57 .. 


4.500 


IIG ... 


.... 22 . . 


I.SIWI 


39-; ... 


.... 75.. 


10,207 


. 40 ... 


.... 26.. 


2,500 


10 .... 


.... 86 . . 


_ 


80 .... 


.... 68.. 


5,000 


26 .... 


.... SO . . 


8,000 


C .... 


.... 100 .. 


i,:;oo 


90 .... 


.... 24.. 


6.000 



—the Cumberland University has a Law Department, which in 1850 had 8 professors and 53 students, and the University 
of Nashville has a Medical Department, which at the same lime had 7 professors. 

Puhlic Libraries. — According to the report of the Librarian of the Smithsonian Institute, In 1S51, tJicre were in the 
Stale 21 libraries and 47,356 volumes; 1 Slate library— S,000 volumes; 9 college— 20,844 volum'es ; S students'- 9,712 
volumes; 1 professional — 8,500 volumes, and 2 public school— 5,000 volumes. Total 21 libraries — 47.356 volumes. 

Periodieal Press.— Th^ whole number of periodicals published in the Stale on the 1st June, 1850, was 61, and of these 
24 were whig. 17 demncralic, and 20 neutral in politics, the Insl named including such as are devoted to literature, religion, 
science, etc., and of which the political principles were not ascertained. Of the aggregate number 8 were published dally, 
2 semi-weelily, 46 weekly, and 4monlhIy; and Ihe aggregnte ( ircul.ition of each class was as follows: of ihe dailies, 
14,082 copies; of the semi-weeklies, 1,718 copies; of the weeklies. 41,477 copies, and of the monlhlies, 10,600 copies at each 
issue. Bedford County has 1 w. ; Davidson (^Nashville), 5 <!., 7 w., and 2 m. ; Franklin, Gibson, Gr(;ene, and Giles, each 
1 w. ; Hamilton, 2 w. ; Henry and Hawkins, each 1 w. ; Knox, 1 s. w. and 5 w. ; Lawrence and Lincoln, each X w. ; 
Montgomery, 3 w. and 1 m. ; Marshall, 1 w. ; Maury, 2 w. and 1 m. ; M-Minn, 1 w. ; Rutherford, 2 w. ; Shelby, 4 d., 1 
8. w., and 6 w. ; Sumner, 1 w. ; "Wilson, 2 w. ; "White, 1 w. ; Weakley, 2 w. ; "Williamson and Washington, each 1 w. 

ReliQious Denomimttioiin. — The statistics of the several religious denominations in the St;ito in 1?50, as is shown by the 
census of that year, were as follows: 

r Dennmina- No. of Cliurch Value of 

Pruptrty. 



373,511 

805,531 

— making a total of 1,939 churches, having accommodation for 606,695 persons, and valued as properly at $1,208,376. 
Tennessee forms a diocrse of the Protestant Episcopal Church, and also the Roman Catholic diocese of Nashville. 

PanpeH^n and Crime. — The whole number of paupers who received support within the year ending 1st June, 1S50, 
was 1,005. of which 99 were native born, and 14 foreigners ; and the whr)le number of paupers at the date specified was 
691, of which 577 wexe natives, and 14 foreigners. Annual cost of support, $30,981. Of 195 convicts in the Tennessee 
Tenitentiary on the SOlh September, 1847, 56 had been convicted for crimes against life an-i persim; 121 for crimes 
against property, including larceny, forgery, counterfeiting, burglary, etc., 14 for negro stealing, harboring, etc., 2 for 
incest, S ft>r bigamy, 4 for arson, and 1 f(»r perjury. 

Historical .S';i-f'^A.— Tennessee derives its name fVom its principal river. On the division of Carolina into two provinces 

this country fell to ihe lot of North Carolina. Between 1740 and 1750 the eastern parts of the country were explored, and 

large grants of land awanlcd for the service. No settlements howevor were made at this lime. At the eoinmeneemont 

of the French War iu 1754, about fifty families were located on the Cumberland River, but these were driven off by tho 

642 



Deiioniinn- No. iif 


Cl.i.rrli 


Value or 


Denomina- 


Ko. of Cliurcli 


ti»n!< C1itir<]i«t9, 


Rci'i.ni. 


Pr.i,.crty 


Ijons, 


CIiur<lie«. accotn. 


Bapliet 611. 


1SS.S15.. 


$269,424 


Germ n Kef, 


— .. — 


Christian... 57, 


17,S00.. 


4S,295 


Jewish 


— ,, — 


Ciinttri-'gat'l, — , 


— .. 


— 


Lutheran, , , 


12 . . 8,400 


Dutch Kef, . — , 


— .. 


— 


Mennnnite,. 


— .. — 


Episcopal,, 17, 


7.S10.. 


85,3110 


Methodist, . 


831 ..240,853 


Free 2S, 


C.900,. 


6,6i» 


Moravian , , 


_ .. _ 


Frien<l9,... 4. 


1,000. . 


1,300 


Presbyter'n. 


857 . .132,717 



Denomina- 
E. Catholic, 


No. of 
Cliurdie. 

3 .. 


Clnircli 
1,.300 . 


Vn1„. of 
rr.,(,e,l,. 

$45,000 


Swedenb'g . 
Tunker. — 


1 .. 


.500 . 


300 


Union 


15 .. 


3,900 . 


8,510 


Unitarian.. 


— .. 


— . 


— 


Universalist 
Minor Sects. 


8 .. 


1,000 . 


2,1,')0 



TENNESSEE. 



In.lians About Ihe same lime the Slmwnees, who ha.l lived near tlie river Savannah, emisrate.l to the hanks of lh» 
Oumberiand and settled near the present site of Nashville, hut they also were driven a«ay liy the Cherokees. In I ,o5, a 
number ,.! Persons settled themselves beyond the present limits of Norlh Carolina, a.id were the permanent colonists ..r 
Tenness. e In 1773, population was found to have increased to a very considerable extent. In the succeeding year a 
war broke out with the n..rlhern Indians residing across tlie Ohio, and lermiiiale.l by tlu-ir sumg for peace 
17711 was rendered memorable bv a f.irmidable invasion of the Cherokees. whom the lir.lish had mcded t. 
settlemenls The British superintendent liad previously raa.le proposals to llie Tennesseaiis to join the British slandar... 
ai„l failin- lo lure Ihem from the support of the colonies, thus du-e,ted against them Ihe savage foe. A strong force fr.im 
\ ir^inii im,l the Carolinas, h.iwever. soon dispersed the enemy, and peace was again restored. When the conslilution of 
Nor'th Carolina was formed in 1776. Tennessee ^hen Ihe "District of \Va-hingIo,i') sent deputies to the convention. 
In 1T<1) the mountaineers of the borders of Soilh Carolina and Tennessee dislinguislied themselves in the southern cam- 
p-,i»n at Kin-'s Mountain, Guilford, and other battle scenes, and soon after these events they penetrated the Indian 
country ami dispersed the savages. At the peace these brave men again sought their mountain homes, and devoted 
themselves to Ihe improvement oflheirseltlemenls. About this time, a small colony of about forty liimilies, under the direction 
of James Uoberlson, crossed the mountains, and settled on Ihe Cumberland Hiver, where they founded the town ot Nash- 
ville The nearest white neighbors were the settlers of Kentucky, and between them was a wilderness of 200 miles. 
In 17S.3 the Legislature of North Carolina laid otTa tract of land on the Cumberland lliver for the discharge of the military 
hounties and the officers and soldiers of the Conlineiil.al Line. The district set apart included the colony at Nashville, 
a small tract havin- been allotled lo the original settlers. Alter this period population began 10 increase ra,,idly. Many 
to\vhom military lands had been granted repaired thither with Iheir families, while others sold their warrants to eitiMis 
of different States. In 1785, the inhabitants, feeling sensibly the inconveniences of a government so remote as hat a the 
capilal of North Carolina, endeavored to form an independent one, to which they gave the title of the '■ State ot I rankhn, 
^r Krankland, but the scheme wa.s ultimately abandoned. In 17,9, the Legislature of the State of North Carolina passed 
an act cedinc- the territory, on certain condition*, to the United States; and in the following year Congress accepled the 
«..Iio„ and'bv its act of 26lh May, 1790, provided for its government under the title of "The Territory of the Ln, ed 
•states South of the Ohio," which included the present States of Kentucky and Tennessee, the former havi.ig been ceded 
bv \ir»inia In 1794 Tennessee was conslitiite.l a separate territory. Two years afterward Congress passed an act 
enahlinl; the people to form a State conslilution, which, having been adopted, was approved by Congress Isl June, 1796, 
and Teimessee was admitted as a sovereign State of llie Union. 
Nashville, on the k-a bank of the Cumberland liiver, is the political capital of the State. 



The year 
attack the infant 



Tesxessee river, chiefly in the State of same name, and 
tlie largest tribulary of the Ohio r.. rises in the Alleghany 
Mountains, in Tazewell and Wirt counties, Virginia. lis 
j.rincipal head tributaries are the Holslon and the Clinch 
rivers, the former of whicli receives the French Broad r., 
and the latter PowelPs r. The llolslon and Clinch unite at 
Kiii'-slon, in Roan co. (Tenn.), and thence the course of the 
main stream is alwut S. W., until it crosses the boundary of 
Alabama, near the N. E. corner of the Slate, continues 5il or 
Gil m. in this direction, and then bends N. W., passes through 
the Cumberland mountains, flows through the entire N. end 
of Alabama, crosses the N. E. corner of Mississippi, and 
again enters Tennessee, when it takes a duo N. course, 
crossing the State, enters Kentucky between Calloway and 
Stewart counties, and flows N. W. into the Ohio r., at Pa- 
ducah village, 12 m. below Smilhland (Ky). The valley of 
the Tennessee divides itself into two sections, the upper and 
the lower. The Upper valley is the part .above the p.assage 
through the Cumberland mountains, and is included between 
the two parallel chains of tlie Appalachian system, which 
f.irin a conueclion just below this pass. This section is 
mountainous, and much elevated, embracing an area of 
about 24,0011 sq. ni. The lower valley is composed of several 
physical sections, in N. Alabama, W. Tennessee, and Ken- 
lucky, comprising an area of 17,600 sq. m.. making the ex- 
lent of the whole valley 41,6011 sq. m. Its whole length is 
aliout l.liw miles. In its course it receives numerous Irib- 
utaries, rapid streams, loit of no great length. The whole 
descent of the river, from its source to its mouth, is about 
1.7110 feel. There are no perpendicular falls, the greatest 
obstruction being the Muscle Shoals, in Alabama. Florence, 
at this poinu on the N. side, is 21)9 miles from its moulh, to 
wliich steamboats come during high water. A canal has 
been made along these shoals. 36 miles long, to admit the 
passage of steamljoals, and the navigation of the river above 
is unobstructed for 250 miles, lo the pass of the Cumberland 
niountains. At the entrance of the pass, a suck or whirl is 
caused by a large projecling rock, on the N. side, producing 
a suilden bend in the river. 

Tennessee Ikon Works, p. c, Montgomery co., TV.'in. ; 
on Cuniberlan<l r.. 37 m, N.W. by W. Nashville. These works 
are very extensive, and produce 2,0u0 tons castings annually. 



Tennessee Lasdisg, p. o., Issaquena Co., 3/iw. : 6:3 m 
N. W. Jackson. 

Tennessee River, p. o., Macon county, K Car. : on 
Tennessee r., 274 ni. W. by S. Raleigh. 

Tkxnile, p. o., and sta., Wasliington co., ffrl. .' on the 
Central (ijeorgia) E. U., 136 m. N. W. Savannah, and 26 m. 
E. S. E. MiUedgeville. 

Tensas parish, Zu. Situate E., in the western district, 
and contains 619 sq. m. Drained by Tensas river, and 
branches of Mississijipi river, which bounds it on the K. 
Surface even and diversifled, wilh small lakes; sfiil ferlile. 
Along the banks of the Mississippi are some portions of riih 
land, suited to the rafsing of cotton, sugar, etc. It is bounded 
on the E. by Bayou Macon. Staple productions, cotton, 
sugar, Indian corn, etc. Farms 165; raaiiuf. 6; dwell. 244, 
and pop.— wh. 9U0, fr. coL 2, si. S,13S— total 9,040. Capihil: 
St. Josephs. 

Tensas river, La. : rises in Chicot CO., Ark., flows nearly 
parallel with the Mississippi, through Carroll and .Ma.lisou 
parishes, forms the boundary between Concordia and Cal- 
tahoola parishes, and falls into Wachita river. 

Tens.vw, p. o., Baldwin county, Ala. : 150 m. S. W. 
Montgomery. 

Tensaw river, .^^"1. .' Ihe eastern outlet of .Mobile r.. which 
it leaves 8 m. lielow the junction of Toinblgbee and Ala- 
bama rivers. It flfiws S. past Blakely, and enters .Mobile 
bay by several mouths. It contains a coiisiilerable island 
a mile below where it leaves Mobile river. 

Tentu Section, sta.. Cheshire county, X Ilamp.: on tho 
Cheshire E.R., 8 m.W. Koeiie, and 45 m. S. W. from tlonra.rd. 

Tentopous, p. o., Lffingham county, lil. : 
Springfield. 

Teo-ka. p. o.. Rock CO., H'/sc. 
28 m. S. E. by E. Madison. 

TE<iiiAMENON river and bay, Chippewa co., Mich.: rises 
in the S. W. part of the Co., flows K. by N. in a circuitous 
course, and empties into the hay so called, near the outlet 
of Lake Superior. There are sonie falls in this river. Tho 
hay is located betiveeii the Slralls of SU Mary, on the S. E., 
and Lake Superior on the N. \V., and separaU-s Canada 
from Michigan. 

Tei'c.e Aix BcEiT sta., St. Bernard par.. In.: oo tho 

S13 



73 m. S. K. 
on S. side of Eock r., 



TER 



TEX 



Mexican Gulf 11. K.. U m. S. E, New Orloans, and S4 m. 
S. E. by K. Baton Unuge. 

Tekke Bunnk parish. La. Situate S., In the eastern *tis- 
Irict, anil cnntains I,G1S scj. in. Draicied hy Terre Buune, 
Grariil Callion. Little Callinn, L3rg:(.' nml Blat-k bayous. Sur- 
faoi^ Ii-vel, but in many paVls sn low, ilial it is unfit fur cntti- 
valion ; soil various, along the slrcaiiis bt-iug exceedingly 
productive; but In general too moist to allow of iis being 
succ'fsslXilly tilled. Chief products, sugar, cotton, rice, and 
Indian corn. It contains fine lakes, and its coast is indented 
with numerous b:iys. Farms 2*24; nianuf. 4; dwell. 550, 
and population— wb. y,324. fr. col. 72, si. 4,32S— total 7,724. 
CiipiUU : Houma. 

Tkrke Coufee. p. v., and sta., St. Joseph co., Ind. : 135 m. 
N. by W. Indianapolis. Tlie Michigan Southern, and 
Northern Indiana R. li. pusses through this place, 73 m. 
E. by S. Chicagr. (III.) 

Terke Coui'ee, sta., Berrien co., 3fich. : on the Michig-in 
Central K. R., 202 m. \V. by S. Detroit, and 117 m S. W. 
Lansing. 

Tivi'.RE Haute, p. v., and cap. Vigo co., Ind. : on the left 
bank of Wabash r., 7.3 m. W.Indianapolis. Us .site is a high 
bank, from 50 to GO feel above llie river, and \r, or 20 feet 
above the adjacent prairie. Tliis is one of the most im- 
portant towns in tlie State, and being located on the Wabash 
and Erie Canal, and on the most available line of railroad 
travel east and west, is destined to become a principal cen- 
tre of internal commerce. Among the pu1)Iic Liuildtngs. 
Ihe moat conspicuous are its fine court-house, town hall. 
State banking house, 13 churches, several good hotels— the 
Prairie House being one of the best in the State, etc. ; and 
the dwelling houses amount to over 800, of which about 
one-half are of brick, and many are built with much taste. 
The business, wholesale and retail, carried on at this point 
is extensive and valuable. There are 93 retail stores and 
groceries, S book-stores, 4 printing-offices, and several large 
warehouses and wholesale concerns. The principal manu- 
facturing establishments are 2 foundries, a plow manufac- 
tory. 8 carriage and wagon factories, 2 soap factories, an oil- 
mill, 8 steam flouring and 1 steam saw mill, 2 breweries, 2 
dtstilli-ries, 13 coopers' shops, 4 large slaughter-houses, and 
the same number of packing establishments. The number 
of hogs packed at Terre Haute in 1849-50 w:is59.fi00, valued 
at $300.0MO. Among the religious establishments almost 
every denomination is represented. The means of educa- 
tion are ample, viz. : 2 si'minaries, 4 select schools, and 5 
district seools. Here are also three societies for mutual im- 
provenieuL The public press consists of 6 newspapers, 



viz.: the "Waba.«h Express" (whig), the " Wjiba^sh Conr- 
ier," the "T. 11. Jounud" (dem.). the "Prairie City." the 
"Independent*' (relig.). and the "Indiarui L'nivirsalist" 
(relig.)— these are issued weekly. The railroads centering 
h. re are, Uic Terre Haute an-I Richmtmd 11. It. and the 
Atlantic and Mississippi R. E., forming links in the lino 
from St. Louis to the East ; the Terre Haute and Alton R. R. 
via Paris t*i Alt<tn; the Evansville and Illinois R. R. lo 
Evansville, on the Ohio, and several othrrs projected to dif- 
ferent point-). In the vicinity are rich l»eds of coal and Iron, 
which, with the completion of the grand works connecting 
at Terre Ilaule, will l>ecome a source of great wealth lo the 
conn ry genendly, and linild up within the town a manu- 
facturing interest equal to the wants of the neighborhtiod. 
Terre Haute was founded in 1S16: in 1830 it contained 600 
inhabitants, in 1840 about 2.000. and in IsVI about 4.9ii0. 

Terke Haute, p. o., Champaign county, 0/iio: 45 m 
W. by S. Columbus. 

Terre Hill, p. o., Lancaster co., Penn. : 47 m. W. S. W 
Harrisburg. 

Terre Noik, p. o., Clark county, Ark. : 72 m. S. W 
Little Rock. 

Tei:ry, p. o., Carroll county, Tenn.: 90 m. W. by S 
Nashville.- 

Tebryville, p. v., Litchfield co., Co7in. : 18 m. W. S- W. 
Hartford. 

TEEinvTLLE. p. v., Abbeville dist,, S. Car. : on a creek of 
Savannah r., SI m. W. C-filunibia. 

Tekp.vtown, p. v., Bradford co., Penn. : 112 m. N. by E. 
Harrisburg. 

TfiTE DE MoET, p. v., Jackson county, la. : 57 m. N. E. 
Iowa City. 

Tetersburg, p. v., Tipton co., Jnd.: 43 m. N. by E. 
Indianapolis. 

Tewkesbury, t and p. v., Middlesex co., Maxs. ; 21 m. 
N. N. W. Boston. iJndned by Shawsheen r., which flows 
through the town, ajid by branches of Merrimac and Con- 
cord rivers. Surface even; soil light and sandy. The vil- 
lage is on the Salem and Lowell and the Lowell and Law- 
rence railroads. 5 m. E. Lowell and 7 m. S. W. from Law- 
rence. I'op. 1.048. 

Tewockinv Springs, p. o., Limestone co., Tea:: 123 m. 
N. E. Austin City. 

Trxana, p. v.. and cap. Jackson co., 7i<r. ; on the right 
bank of the Navidad r., 119 m. S. E. Austin City. lis lo 
cation is at the head of steamboat navigation, on Ihe bnrdei 
of an exceedingly rich and productive prairie. It coutains 
the county buildings, etc 



THE STATE OF TEXAS. 



Texas is bounded north by New Mexico and the Indian Territories, from the latter of which it is divided chiefly hy 
the Red and Arkansas rivers ; east hy A^k.^n«as and Louisiana, the Sabine River being its boundary toward Louisiana ; 
south by the Gulf uf Mexico, and west by Mexico, from which the Rio Grande separates it, and the Territory of New 
Mexico. It lies between latitudes 26° and 3l>° 30' N., and longitudes 93° 8o' and 110° west of Greenwich, or lli^ 2S' and 
82° 58' from Washington. Its greatest extent north and south is 700 miles, and cast and west 800 miles; but its average 
extent is much less. The superficies is estimated at 237,321 square miles — an area more than equal to the whole of 
France, and nearly four limes the area of New England. 

Texas may be divided into three physical districts or regions of eountr\-. each of which, in many respects, is entirely 
diflerent. These are the level, the undulating, and the mountainous or hilly; or the lower, miildU-, and upper districts, 
or, as it may be more convenient, the country may be divided into Eastern, Middle, and Western Texas. Ivastem Texas 
extends from the Sabine to the Trinity ; Middle Texas from the Trinity to the Colorado, and Western Texas from the 
Colorado to the Rio Grande del Norte. The le\el region occupies the entire coast, extending from 30 to 60 miles into 
the interior. The undulating succeeds this, and embraces llie wh()le of the interior and the north, and reaches westward 
to the mountainous tract, which is disiant 150 to 200 miles from the boundaries of the level lands. The alluvial lands of 
the several rivers which make into the Gulf are from 8 to 20 miles in breadth, and are heavily timbereil with liveniak, 
red, black, and white, and other species of oak; with ash, ceilar. peccan. elm. hickory, mulberry, and all other varieties 
of forest trees and growths common in the ri<'h alluvions of the Mississippi. The cane-brakes are of immense extint in 
the low country, anti on the Caney Creek may be seen 70 miles long and from 1 to 3 miles wide. Here may be grown 
cotton, sugar, rice. etc. 

In the second division are Ihe high, rolling, verdant prairies, the narrow-wi>odcd bt)ttoms. the beautiful inlands of 
timber, the quick-running streams, the cool, refreshing springs, and the healtld'ul clime of Texas. Here the soil, a little 
844 



TEXAS. 



, 7, , , , i..„ I . , f \f,.vi,.„ k, !)>• r.cli i.i soil a..(l climate, to be clothed in coi.slanl verdure, beauldully vancg.ttcd 

",riel, i, know,, than o, the Utblclands. Th., region i= sa,d to be intersected by tuany streams .nrnt.lnng water-power, 

""v,!;art^\i:i t '::;:r:^'S'.he Ouif or Me^co prese„.s . greater nutnber of commanding harbors, bay. and 
nde^ la," ,a .iTc^a,. The interior, intersected by ntnnerons tnagniflcent and navigable streatn, n, clo^e vtcmny to 

;!;.'« tern , ibn„,ries of the M,ssis„p|,i, and bo.dn.g eu,y eomnmnicat.on w.lh the m.ghly •• ather ot \ a e ' 
uffs IS a c!. u erc.al no,„io„ very desirable and seldont snr,,asscd. Ued Uiver n.ay be consi.lercd „, part as belong- 
oTe"r T tJva I re«io,. west ,.1 the monnlains in which ,t rises and through which ,1 rolls ,t. tnrb.d waters, has 
b e, ve scared y exp'r ed' but It is known to be of great fertm.y and o.' surpassu.g beauly ,. this reg.on has ho 
Te n em"r:, r'aL \n. cottage and planted his cotton, and his corn, and h,s wheat, wh.ch are borne aWng.h^ 
c. Tent oTued Kiver to the great marl of the South-west. The chief rivers, those wh.eh are tnore ..r ess nav.g. ble or 
cn.re, to Kco w ir s (J.dorado, Guadalupe, San .\ntonio,and the Kio l.raude. besides 

:^r ;;^ ^ o l ^ :::,^:;,n;ude, ..... nav,gable to a considerable eMetU-the Ange,o,a,San.Iac„no, 

thise, tMtreare.imr=oi I. I,.,,,,,:,, s ,n IJernard Caney, Savidad, Lavacea, and Xueces. T here are no lakes 

Buflalo Bayou 0>- - and U,o ola e b -. >=. " ,^ J' ^ ', ^ ^n'ear the so'urce, of the Guadalupe, and on some of the 
^Imlar^^^U >v I^ T ,U ritll U.at are worthy of the na.ne, and they are lnco„s,dera^e. T., a country 
so w 7"ater« t te sc cted by rivers so nun.erous and hnportant, and otTering such valuable facht.es for »anal co.outu- 
deauru y w 1 be nseli. Indeed, its vast water-conrses might be nn.Ud n, one great nav,g„ble eha.n winch 
would r'ndex transportation from any section of tins widespread terrttory to a eonnnercal en.por.u.n at any poatt on the 
coasL a matter of the utmost ease and but very httlo expense. .,.,,■ 

TVxas ab nd with n.inerals, and is interesting in its geology. The silver mine of San Saba ,s an.ong '- ;-';^;=' - 
the world and under the domi.i.on of Spain afforded considerable revenue to the crown. G..ld has been tound on the 
Atoac and oL streams, especially toward the western hill country, and silver al,o on the Beda.s. Iron ore pervades 
«,e-grUer portion of th; country.' Lead, copper, alum, etc., are found ,n several P-"-"' -••^,,^''""''-;.'» '^ ™ '^ 
Trmftv au,l Tpper Brazos. Salt is exceedingly abundant, and itnmense qnanlittes are annually take, Iron, a f. mo, 
I ,L- "ear L U,o Grande. Salt sprmgs and lagoons abouu.l near the Tr.nity. and a branch ol the Bra«,s has ,s 
wlrs hi h impregnated. Soda and potash are tound near ,be salt lagoons in <lry seasons. L,me can be plenbfu ly 

,r ished'from h tnestone ex.sting in the nndnhning and northern sections. In the level d,s.riet3 oystc-shell lune can be 
s , U ,ded Asphaltum is sometitnes found on the coast. Agate, chalcedony, Jasper, and some singular petrdact,o,,s 
suusttlulio. as nia, ,„n,.,ins of wli.de forests are seen on the Trinity an.l Brazos rivers etitirely pelrtfled. 
':^::Z^^"::2. V:^:Z":Z::X...... ..o I Ihrongho,,, ll,e coumry. ^ A„,tin ,l,e,.e is a 

po, rv of v^hU . me shn,lar to that of the Paris basin, and of which the Lonvre is bud.. It ,s sot^ an, ea.,ly worke, 

Ud,. knife and n,av be re.luced to any form; but on exposure to the a.utosphere ,. becomes a perfect treestone and 

l!Z l,ar,l a!^d co.npaJt as granite and marble. The same kind of stone is found on the 1 rnnty and ,n the v,c,n,ty of 

San An oTii'i «le Bi^xar. 



Mineral .prin.^s are numerous. The SaliniUa Springs, both white and salt sulphur, in Walker County, are very 
rema L^le TUey rise near the salines, .a a p,ct„res„„e valley, an.l are h.ghly appn-catcl for titer n,ed,c,nal virtues. 
NoUar frotn these and near the Bedais, is a white sulphur spring, supersaturated w,th magncs.a, and posses.s,ng a 



all the 
Thirty miles west, in the same county, is a blue sulphur sprin.. 



ahn^ properlies of the celebrate.l Virginia springs. Tlnrty miles west, ,n tne same c ,u„,,, s a ,. ,,e „,,, „u, -,„,,-. 
N« Clbolo, and about thirty tniles from Bexar, is a m.neral spring, the waters ol wlju-h are ,n high rep e. Be les 
these Ibere are others of great value. Near Carolina, in Montgomery County, ,s a wh.te sulphur sprtng, the watets 



Which are e»-ciou^m m^ny ;;;^-;l'-;^_,^^, .^^ ,„ ,^ ,^^ „„,. j,„„„f„, .,f ,„„„i,,. Though varying with location 



All who have v,sited Texas concur in ascrnnng Ml II lue .u..=i "v,.s ... ^„.- . ^ 

,r,™ trcu let to . mperat... it is remarkably pl,-asai,t an,l salubrious. The average notatum of the thermometer ,n the 
lutmner season is about SfO Fahr., an.l refreshing breezes from the south blow ain.ost w.thou. ,„terr„pt,on. 



wi^,^r ic'eTseldom seen, except in the northern part of the Stale. Fron, Mar.h to November but little ram f,,lls. 1 he 
sou her vv" d ar™ nvi^.rat.ng. In November the strong northers set in, and ,n the .nonlhs of De, ember ami January 
he CO Id north wind sweeps .lowh the pla,ns will, near .as much regularity as the south wmd of the su,nn,.T. The,e 
trio ii"« "■!» "e,,.l to purify the atuiosphere, an,l contribute mneh to the salubrity which d,st,ngn,shes Texas ro,n 
otlGuTf States The el tnate, indeed, is mo.lilld by so many favorable einmmstances, as to possess al the gemal ,n- 
flue, ces f t^^ia, a while it escapes its attendant evils. In the river bottoms, which are periodically overflowed, 
flueni.s ol ^''7'" .^ ;;"^ ^, 1,^ extent; but elsewhere the danger of en.lemie disease is trilling. 'I he praines 

rT:;"'Ind"S o a'; e' rcu laaonTf air, an.'l the forests, for the most part, are free from nn,lergrow,h. Mujsmatic 
marches and staTnant pools, which so Irequently originate endemics, are se dom fouml in any p.,rt,on of the country. 

IvL in general, is a prairie country, having all the streams skirted with ti.nber. The snbbme and beanttful are 
bl™de^ in th se va^tnatnn.l meadows-sublime in extent and beautiful in prospect. Leagues may be traveled over a 
'^::!:^Z ^:L nothmg t., interrupt the nttnost stretch of visa,n upon ^.Hivmg green, s.ve ^- -;;:: ;^^f -- 
»n.l islands of limber which are here and there inlerspcrsed, and flowers of evry v.tri.tj, hue, and Iragr tnti, a,m 
hi," and deer-delighting the eye with the view of splen.lid lawns an.l magnd^..ent parks tasteful y la,d out 
by e hand of Nature, and pr^enti^g all the order and taste of civilization. Noth.ng ,n Nature can surpass the beauty 
an "loveliness of a Texan landscape. Nothing can surpass its beauty it, the spring and sunnnei- seasons, neilhe ,s ,t 
potble oformanestimatceven in imagination, of the number of useful .lomest.c an,n,als ha are reare. on Ihetn 
wHhont trouble or expense. Even in the winter season the pasturage is sufllcently verdattt to d,»pe,u,e w,lh feeding 

"'mu her forests has an infinite variety of timber suitable for buil.iing and orna,ncnf,l purposes. Her forest, of live- 
oak 'n^ e.iar ar.. unrivaled. The whole coxst nearly, indu.ling all the bayoux an.l river b,,ttoms from the sab.ne to 
U e NueJe', is "he entire bell of timber. The eastern secUon probably embraces more woodland than any ofter. It ,s 



TEXAS. 

henvily timbored with pine, oak, ash. walnut, hickory, pecan, mulberry, cedar, cypress, auil other forest trees which 
extend quite to the Ked iliver, occasionally variegated with beautiful prairies containing from one hundred to several 
thousand acrL-s. The soil is admirably adapted to grasses and other agricultural staples, and the lumber trade will soon 
become extensive and lucrative in lliis section. 

Among the productions which may be regarded as naturally adapted to the soil, and which now form a chief and im- 
portant article of commerce, cotton stands pre-emineut. This is the great crop of Texas, and the source of much of its 
wealth and power. Its staple is unifortnly good, and near the Gulf it equals in length and firmness the Sea Island cotton 
of Georgia. It is an indigenous plant, and in the western region needs to be planted only once in Ihree or four years to 
yield an abundant crop. The climate is ever favorable, and the soil, whether upland or lowland, woodland or prairie, is 
admirably adapted to its culture. The sugar-cane grows luxuriantly thr-'Ughout the whole level region; but its culture, 
for various reasons, will not be extensive, nor will the production of sugar, unle-ss forced by unexpecled circumstances, 
probably compete with that of Louisiana for many years to come. Tobacco grows almost spontaneously throughout the 
country. It is an important produclion. equal in quality to that of Cuba, and will soon become an article of commerce 
and export. The indigenous indigo of Texas is greatly superitir to the plant which is cultivated in the United Slates. It 
is manufactured in families for domestic use, and is preferable to the imported article. 

Ereadstuffs of every description arc produced easily and abundantly in every district. Two crops of Indian com an- 
nually is a common thing — the first planted in February, and the last in .Tune. Wheat, buckwheat, millet, rye, oats, bar- 
ley, and other small grain yield plentiful crops throughout the undulating region. Flax and hemp are well adapted to 
the soil. Rice is also produced In considcraljje quantities, and can be grown to any extent. 

Fruits of all descriptions are profusely plentiful. The grape ami mulberry are indigenous, and grow luxuriantly, 
indicating that wine and silk, as well as tobacco and cotton, will cme day become valuable staples. The vanilla plant 
grows wild. It can be successfully cultivated as a commercial commodity. This delicious plant is highly esteemed in 
medicine, as a perfume to flavor the cigar, and in various culinary arts, etc- The nopal, celebrated for the produclion of 
the cochineal insect, grows luxuriantly. Its fruit, with the leaves, famishes food for vast herds of cattle and horses; for 
building purposes and fencing its timber is superior, and in Texas it also forms a principal article of fuel. The yaupan, 
or tea-lree, famishes an acceptable and cheap beverage in lieu of the China product, and is not at all inferior in flavor 
to the common black tea of that country. Cayenne pepper, or the chile of Mexico, grows exuberantly all over Texas. 
Many other sources of wealth and enjoyment abound here, and will in all good time be realized by the citizens, who are 
already industriously exploring the true springs of national greatness and individual prosperity. 

The displays of vegetation in Texas are profuse, various, and valuable, presenting on the one hand the stately and 
magnificent forest, and on the other delighting the eye with the rich and splendid scene of the luxuriant prairie, garnished 
Willi an endless variety of fragrant flowers, and forming a landscape of surpassing loveliness. All the varieties of ihc 
stellaria, yellow, blue, and purple, display their rieb and gaudy lints. The fashionable dahlia, an exotic highly esteemed 
and carefully raised in foreign hot-houses, is indigenous to the south-west. Geraniums adorn and perfume with their 
fragrance the wild meadows, and the w^ater lily, trumpet flower, and the cardinal, are common in the fields. The May 
apple, beJiring a delicate flower, is abundant, and violets form a common carpeting for the prairies. The passion flower 
is frequent in its season, while the perpetual rose, multifl^ra, and ehicka'-aws, and other varieties, gmw without cultiva- 
tion or care. The chaste and elegant primrose flowers everywhere ; while the jonquil and hyacinth, honeysuckle and 
sweet seringa, f -rm a variegated gariand, or are thrown together in most admirable disorder throughout the paradise of 
flowers. The shrinking mimosa, an object of so much interest to the naturalist and philosopher, is also a native of the 
wilds, and the traveler, trampling over its drooping and apparently withered leaves, looks back in vain for the path his 
rude footsteps had marked out, but not a vestige of the invasion remains, but all again is life and verdure. 

The fruits of the tropics and of the north alike flourish in Texan soil. The fig is common, tlie peach unrivaled, the nectar- 
ine, quince, and grape luxuriant, and these, side by side, grow in tiie same sun and soil with the plum, apple, and paw- 
paw. The orange, lemon, and lime, the pine-apple, and olive ripen together. Berries are in great variety. The 
mulberry, dewberry, whortleberry, and gooseberry grow wild and in the greatest profusion. The pecan, walnut, and 
hickory nuts are very abimdanL Garden vegetables of every description, and melons, arc easily cultivated and yield in' 
the greatest abundance. 

Wild animals, formerly numerous and formidable tenants of the forests, are now comparatively strangers to the country. 
The black bear frequents the cane-brake, and is a favorite object of the hunt. Wolves abound. The pecL-ary, or Mexican 
hog, and the wild hog, run at large in the woods. These have degenerated from the domestic species, and are very fero- 
cious. Mustangs roam in herds over the north and west. Many of ibein are of fine figure and spirit, and are highly 
prized for their fleetness. Wlien domestieateil, they are hardy and active, and alike adapted to the saddle or stirrup. 
Mingled with the herds of mustangs are found jacks, jennies, and mules. The bufl'alo or bison is found in Texas astonish- 
ingly gregarious. Thousands and tens of thousands in a drove are yet seen in the interior roving over the prairies, the 
hixuriant herbage affording them the means of subsistence. The deer is still more numerous than ihe buffalo, and the 
moose, antelope, and mountain goat are also found ranging upon the frontier or far-west, Tlie fox peeps from every 
bush and brake. Kaccoons, opossums, rabbits, and squirrels are in great numliers; and a greater variety of smaller 
animals serve to stock the forests of Texas with game, and sujiply the hunter with endless and animated sport 

Wild fowl and game birds are everywhere plentiful, and one accu^tomc'd to the use of tiie fowling-picee may easily keep 
a table well sup])lied. Wild turkeys, prairie hens, geese, brant, teal, canvas-backs, partridges, quails, pheasants, grouse, 
piircon, plovers, snipes, woodcock, ortolans, cranes, swans, pelicans, king-fishers, crows, blackbirds, starlings, and hun- 
dreds of other descriptions of the family " aves" are in endless numbers. The beautiful paro<;uet, the oriole, whip-poor- 
will, and cardinal, and the sweetrtoned mocking-bird, enliven the woods with the beauty of jiluinage and melody of voice 
which belong to them. 

The rivers and bays of Texas abound in flsh of an excellent quality, in great variety, and some of them of peculi.ir 
character. Kedfish Bar, in Galveston Bay, lakes its name from tlie nund)er of red fish which are caught there. This fish 
is very delicious, and often weighs fifty pounds. Yellow, white, and blue codfish are found in the rivers and streams; 
sheep-head, buffalo, perch, mullet, pike, trout, flounders, suckers, and other fi^li common in American waters, are found 
not only in abundance, but of rare size and flavor. The gar is a worthless flsh, with a snout of iuimense length. The 
alligator gar is verj' large— several yards in length ; its back is covered with scales, and it resembles the alligator, which 
is very common in llie rivers and bayoux, and of enormous size. Beds of oysters line the coasts; crabs, clams, muscles, 
aud various marine animals may be had all along the shore, and turtles arc ccmmon to all the rivers and bays. Ser- 
S4€ 



TEXAS. 



pnits, snakes, lizards, and many olher curi.nis. venomous, and vexatious species of crawling things of the earth are found 
in Texas. But of these few are as dangerous as troublesome. Insects swarm in myriads, some useful, some dangerous, 
some annoying, but most of tiiem attractive on account of their beautiful forms and magnidecnt colors. The cantharides 
and Iioney-l)ee are among the first; spiders and the tarantula represent the second : mosquitoes, gad-flies, ticks, and sand- 
flies the third, and the wonderful variety of beetles, bugs, butterflies, etc., fill up the fourth chapter of insect life. Many 
of these, if not carefully guarded against, will spoil the beauty of the fairest face in creation beyond the redemption of 
cosmetics for days to come. Their attachment to sutfering humanity is a wonderful instinct of their nature. The traveler, 
iiowever, has a eerLain remedy against alLacks in liqui<l ammonia, a small vial of whicli shouM at all times be accessiblo 
when passing through the brake or river bottom. Its application immediately neutralizes the venom even of the tarantula 
aii'l renders it harmless. 
Texas is tiivided into 77 counties, the general statistics of which, and the caiiitals of each, in ISS'I, were .as follows: 



ri.uiilies. Dwell. 

Anderson S".*). 

Anirelina IGfj. 

Austin *J2. 

Hastrop .377. 

Bexar 1,2114. 

Bowie 2.50. 

Erazoria 296. 

Br.az03 81 . 

Burleson 224. 

Caldwell 174. 

Calhoun 1S2. 

Cameron j 

Starr V 1,564. 

Webb ) 

Cass Sm. 

Cherokee S91. 

Collin 311 . 

Colorado 283. 

Comal SOT. 

Cook 88. 

Dallas 4.35. 

Denton 109 . . 

De Witt 231. 

Fannin &4S. 

Fayette 494., 

Fort Bend 199. 

Galveston 727. 

C.illespie 274. 

Goliad SS. 

Gonzales 135. 

Grayson 295. 

Grimes 405. 

Guadalupe 216.. 

Harris Ss)4.. 

Harrison 972 . 

Hays 41. 

Henderson 193. . 

Hopkins 4'!5. . 

Houston 857.. 



Pop. 


F.irms 
in cull 




'i: <^»pi»"- 


2.SS4. 


.,200. 


. 0. 


..Palestine 


1.165. 


. SS. 


. 0. 


. M;iri(»n 


.3.SH. 


.230. 


. 0. 


..B.-Ueville 


3.099. 


.,219, 


. 9. 


..liaslrop 


6.062. 


,.117. 


.13. 


..San Antonio 


2.912. 


..l.=>7. 


. 5. 


. . liiislon 


. 4,841. 


..134. 


. 0. 


.Brazoria 


614. 


. 47. 


. 0. 


.Bnoneville 


1,713. 


.115. 


. 0. 


.Caldwell 


1,329. 


. 61.. 


. 0. 


.Lock hart 


1,110. 


. 22. 


. 0. 


.Port Lavacca 
Brownsville 


8,541. 


. 11. 


. 0. 


Uio Grande C. 
Laredo 


4.991. 


.365. 


.10. 


.JefTerson 


6,673. 


..464, 


. 8. 


..liusk 


1,930. 


..218. 


. 0, 


. .M'Kinney 


2,267. 


.116. 


. 2. 


..Columbus 


1,723. 


. 65. 


. 8, 


.New Brannfels 


220, 


. 25.. 


. 0. 


.Cook c. n. 


2,743. 


.178. 


. 1. 


..Dallas 


641. 


.81.. 


. 0. 


.Alton 


1.712. 


.100.. 


. 3. 


. Cuero 


2.7S5. 


.3.31. 





.Boiihara 


3.750. 


.209., 


. 6. 


.La Gratifie 


2,.W3. 


.109. 


. 0. 


.Richmond 


4,529, 


. 33. 


.83. 


.Galveston 


1,240. 


. 40. 


. 7. 


.Frederickab'g 


64S. 


. 80. 


. 0. 


.Goliad 


1.492. 


.123, 


. 0. 


. Gonzales 


2.01 IS. 


.171. 


. 0. 


.Sherman 


4,008. 


.217.. 


. 0. 


.Anderson 


L.-ill. 


.101.. 


. 3. 


.Sescuin 


4,668,. 


,197.. 


.42. 


.Houston 


11,.S22. 


.521. 


.13. 


.Marshall 


387. 


. 22.. 


. 8. 


.San Marcos 


1.2ST. 


.106. . 


. 0. 


. A thens 


2.623. 


.121.. 


. 0. 


.Tarrant 


2.721 . 


.192.. 


. 0. 


• Crockett 



Cciitities. Dwell. 

Hunt 26?.. 

Jackson 114.. 

.rasper 192.. 

.lelTerson 2.59.. 

Kaufman 170.. 

Lamar 497. . 

Lavacca 203.. 

Leon 231.. 

Liberty 312.. 

Limestone 880.. 

Matjigorda 176. . 

Medina 177.. 

Milam 414.. 

Montgomery 260.. 

Nacogdoches... 631.. 

Navarro 576.. 

Newton 219.. 

Nueces 151.. 

Panola 4.56., 

Polk 292.. 

Red River 420.. 

Refugio 66.. 

Robertson 1.32.. 

Rusk 1,045.. 

8abine 28S. . 

San Augustine.. 350.. 

San Patrieio . . . . SS.. 

.8hell)y .560.. 

Smith CI13.. 

Titus f4S.. 

Travis 423.. 

Tyler 267.. 

I'pshur 484. . 

Tanzania 240.. 

Victoria 817. . 

Walker 473,. 

Washington 600.. 

Wharton 112.. 

Williamson 230.. 



Pop. 

1.520. 
996. 
.1,767. 
.1,8.36. 
.1.047. 
.8,978, 
.1,.571. 
.1,946, 
.2,.522. 
.2,608, 
.2.124. 
. 909. 
.2.9117. 
.2.384. 
.5.193. 
.3,843. 
.1,639. 
. 693. 
.3,871. 
.2,849. 
.3,9116. 
. 288. 
. 934. 
.8,148. 
.2,498. 
.3,647. 
. 200. 
.4,239. 
.4,292. 
.3.636. 
3.1,38. 
1,S94. 
3,-394 . 
1,348, 
.2,019. 
•3,964. 
,5,983. 

1,752. 
1,563.. 



infull. 
.. 93,. 

. 73,. 
..123.. 
.. 91.. 
.. 94. 
..407 
. .1.39. 
,,1.51 
,.149 
,,279 

. .39. 

. 40.. 
..152.. 
,.1.80.. 
..2,87.. 
...304.. 
..145.. 
.. S.. 
..209.. 

.172.. 

.166. 
..21. 
.. 18. 
...507. 

.171. 
..158, 
.. 10. 

,380. 
, .248. . 

.269.. 

.146. 

.1.37.. 

.240.. 

.133.. 

. S4.. 

.234. . 

.306.. 

. 55.. 
.107. 



. 0... Greenville 
. O...Texana 
. 6. . , -Jasper 
. 4, , , Beaumont 
. O...K.aulni.-inC. U. 
. 7... Paris 
.0.. ,Petersbiu-g 
. 5, , ,Leona 
. 1. . .Liberty 
. 0. . .Springfield 
. 0. . .Matagorda 
. 0. . .CastroviUe 
. 1 . . . Cameron 
. 8... Montgomery 
, 8. ..Nacogdoches 
.13. . .Cnrsicana 
. 5. ..Burkeville 
. 1... Corpus Christ! 
. 0, , , Carthage 
. 0. . .Livingston 
. 7. ..Clarksville 
. 0... Refugio 
. O...Fr.<inklin 
.15.. .Ifenderson 
.12... Milam 
.14, . ,San Augustine 
. O...San Patricio 
. C.ShelbyviUe 

1... Tyler 
. 4...Mt. Pleas.int 
. 1. . ..AtrSTiN CiTr. 
. 6...Woodville 

0... Gilmer 
. 4. , .Jordan's Saline 
. . 9... Victoria 
. 0...iruntsville 
. O...Brenham 
. 0... Wharton 
. 1. . .Georgetown 



The whole number of dwellings in the State at the above date was 27,988; of families. 28,877; and of inhabitants, 
212,592; viz., whiles 154,100— mtiles 84,863, and females 69.237; fr. col. &31— males 171, an.l females 160: si. 68.161. I if 
the whole population there were, dm/ ami ihimh—wh. 49, fr. col. 0, si. 9— total 58 ; hltnd—\\\i. 59. fr, col, 3, si. 14— total 
76: imitne—\\h. 39. fr. col. 1, si. 0— total 40. The number of free persons born in the United Slates was 137,070, the 
number of foreijrn birth 16,774, and of birth unknown 604. The naiice population originated as follows: Maine 226, 
N. Hamp. 97, Verm. 144, Mass. 414, R, I. 66, Conn. .369, N. T. 1,589, N. Jer. 205, Penn. 1,005, Del. 61, Md. 521, Dist. of 
Col. 86, Virg- 3,-580, U. Car. 5.165, S. Car. 4,482, Ga. 7,639, Flor. 36.5, Ala. 12.040, Miss. 6..545, La. 4,472, TivMS 49,177, Ark. 
4.693, Tenn. 17,092, Ky. 5,473, Oh. 947, .Mich. 125, Ind. 1,799, 111. 2,855, Mo. 5.1:B9, la. 109, Wise. 42. Calif. 0, Territories 14: 
and the foreign population was composed of persons from — England 1,002, Ireland 1,403, Scotland 261, Wales 17, Ger- 
many 8,191, France 647, Spain 62, Portugal 5, Belgium 8, Holland 14, Italy 41, Austria 11, Swilzerlaiul 134. Russia 10, 
Denmark 49, Norway 105, Sweden 43, Prussia 75, Greece 0, China 0, Africa 4, British America 137, Mexico 4,459, Central 
America 3, South America 1, West Indies 22, Sandwich Islatlds 5, and other countries 60. 

The general statistics* of the products, manufactures, wealth, institutions, etc., of the State, in accordance with the cen- 
sus of 1850 and other official returns referring to the same period, are as follows : 

(h'cupmf Ijnidft. — Improved farm lands, 6.39,107 acres, and unimprove<l lands attached to farms, 14.454,669 acres — 
valued togi-ther at if 16,398,748. The whole number of farms under cultivation in the State is 12,198; and the value of 
forming implements and machinery, 12,133,731. 



* Tlie 8tati«ticB of the county of Lavacca i 



; includej in the census returns. 



84T 



TEXAS. 

IJve-Stoc7:.—llor&i'», 75,419; asses an>i mules. ]2,::i64; milL-h cnws, 214.753; working oxen, 49,932 ; other calUe, 636,805; 
fiheep, 1)9,098, an.l swine. GS3,914. Total v:iliie of live-stciek, *10,266.830. 

Animal Prodiccts. — Wool, 131,374 pounds ; butter, 2,326,556 pounds; cheese, 91,619 pounds; and the value of animals 
slaughler^Ml, $1,106,082. 

Grain C7/-y^^.i.— Wheat. 41,6S9 bushels; rye, 3,103 bushels; Indian corn, 5,926,611 bushels; oats, 178,883 bushels; bar- 
ley, 4,776 bushels; and buckwheat, 59 bushels. 

Other Food Crops.—B.'icc, 87,916 pounds ; peas and beans, 179,832 bushels ; potatoes— Irish, 93,543 bushels, and sweet, 
l,32-'5,170buslK'Is. 

Mi-^cellaneons (7ro/?«— Tobacco, 66.S97 pounds; ginned cotton, 57,596 bales of 400 pounds; hay, 8,279 tons; clover- 
Bccd, 10 bushels; liops, 7 pnund.s; flax, l,ii4S pdunds; flax-seed, 26 bushels; silk cocoons, 22 pounds; ciine sugar, 7,351 
hogsheads of l,Oi.iO pounds; molasses, 441, 6o3 gallons; beeswax and honey, 380,533 pounds ; wine, 99 gallons, etc. Yaluo 
of orchard products, $12.61*5, and value of marUet-sarden products, $12,251. 

Ilome-mafle Manu/actiires produced in the year ending 1st June, 1850, were valued at $255,719. 

JtIa7U(j-}ictares. — Total capital invested $000,000; value of nil raw material, fuel, etc., consumed in the year, $000,000 ; 
hands employeil, 0,000— males 0,000, and females 00 ; monihly cost of labor, $0(i,000— male $00,000, and fem:de $000 ; value 
of products in the year, $000,000. The whole number of manufacturing establishments in operation, on Uie 1st June, 
1850, was 307, of which number 1 was a woolen factory, 2 iron works, and 22 tanr)eries. 

In theirooZ^rtnianufaclure the invested c;ipital:miounted to $S,O0O; wool used, 30,000 pounds; vahienf all raw material, 
$lli,O((0: hands employed, S — males 4. and females 4 ; monthly cost of labor. $160— male $80, and female $80; annual 
products — cloth 14.1100 yards, and blankets 4,000 ; value of entire products $15,000. 

The ircjt manufacture employed a capital amounting to $16,000 : pig iron used. 250 tons ; mineral coal consumed, 250 
tons; value of all raw material, fuel, etc.. $S.4i;0 ; bands employed, 85; entire mcmthly cost of labor, $1,520; castings made, 
2'.i0 Ions ; oilier products valued at $15,0u0 ; value of entire products. $55,000. 

The tannericn had a capital of $33.S5i); value of liiilcs and skins used, $18,624; hands employed. 64 — males 63, and 
females 1 ; monthly cost of labor, $1,017 — male $1,007, and female $10 ; skins tanned, 1,750, and sides of leather tanned, 
18,7110 ; value of products of the year, $o2.(i50. 

The manufactures of Texas, otherwise than those enumerateil, consist chiefly of those incident to agricultural counlries, 
as carriages, harness, farming implements, and machinery, etc., and the great bulk of the capital is invested in milling and 
other like occupations. 

Ct'mmerce.—Tha exports direclj to foreign countries, for the year ending 30th June, 1850, were valued at $24,958, all 
carried in foreign bottoms, and the imports were valued at $25,650, of which, to the value of $14,652 were carried in 
American, anti to that of $10,908 in foreign bottoms. The (Treat bulk of the commercial material of the Slate is carried 
coastwise to New Orleans, New York, etc., and is thence shipped to other countries. The shipping employed in the 
foreign carrying trade was as follows: 

Entered. Cleared. ToUl. 



^ ;it"malit.v 
or:il.il.|>nig. 


Vessels. 

.. 3... 
. 13 ... 


T.«.s. 
. 494... 
. 3,177 ... 


Crewa. 

.. 26... 
.. 133... 


Ve.sel.. 

.. 8... 
. . . "(2 . . . 


Tons. 

. 591 . . 
. 3.01T ... 


Crewa. 
.. 28.... 

.. 1-39 .... 


Veaeels. 

... 6.... 
... 25 .... 


. 1,(1S5 . . 
. 6,194.. 


Crews. 


Foreiijn 


.. 277 


Tolal 


. 10 . . . 


. 8,671 ... 


.. 104... 


... 15... 


. 8,6U8 . . 


.. 167.... 


... 31 .... 


. 7,279 . . 


.. 831 


PistricU. 
Galveslon 


. 10 .... 


. 2,937 . . . 


.. lis... 


... 9... 


2,924 . . . 


.. 121 .... 


... 19.... 


. 6.911 .. 


. . 239 


Brazos Santiago. . 


.. 6 ... 


. 654... 


. . 40 . . . 


... 6 .. 


6S4 .. 


.. 46.... 


. . . 12 ... . 


. 1,363.. 


.. 92 



The total amount of shipping owned within this State, at the date specified, was 3,897 tons, of which 3.309 tons wero 
owned in the district of Galveston, and 5S3 tons in that of Saluria. The principal ports of thu State arc Sabine, Galveston, 
La Salle, and Toint Isabel. The serial statistics of the commerce of the State are as follows : 



Year. Exports. Imimrts. 

1S46 17,266 

1847 29,626 



Ypnr. 'Expnrta. Imjinrtg. i Ypar. Exports, ImpDrta, 

1S48 14;3,610 94,024 1S50 24,953 25,650 

1S49 82,791 16,600 I 1851 75,422 94,715 



CoasUng^inlanrl, etc., trade. — In proportion as the direct Ptrcign commerce of Texas is small, the coasting trade is 
extensive. As before remarked, the great bulk of its commercial material is carried to the other States fur export, and 
hence a coasting trade commensurate with tlie staple and surplus products of the Slate is carried on. The interior ie 
chiefly teached by the Hne streams which in every direction penetrate it, the principal of which are the Ile<I Kiver, on tlic 
northern boundary, and Sabine, Neches, Trinity, Brazos, Colorado, Lavacca, Guadalupe, Nueces, and the Rio Grande 
emptying into the Gulf of Mexico. Most of these are navigable for light-drafl steamers, which ply regtdarly on their 
waters without interruption on account of season. The rivers are reached from the neighboring settlements by wagon 
roads, which are good except in the wet season. The railroad is practically unknown in Texas, but many are now in progress 
of construction, and a few miles of the Harrisburg railroad were brought into use in April, 1S53. Texas will be intersected 
east and west by a Southern Paciflc railroad, and many lines are project<'d between the principal ports and the interior, 
with lateral lines diverging to the various centres of commerce. It would, however, be immature to mention definitely 
any of the lines projected, as few are located, and fewer have made any advance toward construction. The great road 
will probably pass from Providence, on the Mississippi, through ShrcVciJort, /-«., and Marshall, Tkr., and another from 
New Orleans, viti Opeloiisas, etc., westward. A road will also be extended from tlie Ked Ui\'er to Uie Gulf. With these 
improvements the markets will be reached with facility, and immigration and settlement be rapidly directed to the fertile 
inlerior. Cotton and sugar are as yet the only available exprirls ol the Slate, the annual product of which articles has 
been given on a former page. The imports consist of manufactures of all kinds, groceries, etc. 

Bunking. — With the exception of the Commercial and Agricultural liank of Galveston, there would not appear to be 
any other recognized hanking institution in the State. 

Goceniment, c(c-.— The constitution of Texas was adopted at Austin City, 27th August, and ratified by the people 13th 
October, 1845. 

The rii/kt of saffra-fje is conceded to every free white male person, 21 years old, a citizen of the United Slates, or of 
S48 



TEXAS. 

Texas, when resident in the Stale one year, and six montlm in the district, county, city, or town, where he offers to vote, 
The general election is held on the first Monday of August bimnially. 

The fe(/M>itim authority is vested in a House of Uepresentatives and a Senate. Representatives in number not le^s 
than 4"). nor more than 90 (now tiij) are chosen for two years, and they must he qualified voters who have lived tw(» years 
in the State, and one year in the place where they are chosen. Senators in number not less than 19. nor more than ?i3 
(now 21). chosen fur four years, one half leaving office biennially, and they must be qualified voters, 30 years of age, who 
have lived in T.'xas thrtn; years, and the last year thereof in their dislricl. The sessions of the Legislature are biennial, and 
commt-nce (.n the 1st Monday in November. The flith biennial session commences in November, 1853. 

The gi'i-crnor an<i lieutenant-governor are chosen, by a plurality of voles, fur two years, and are not eligible for more 
Ih.in four out of any six years. They must have the qualifications of Senntiirs, and the lieutenant-governor is ex-ojfficio 
presiiient of the Senate. The governor's veto to a bill is negatived bj a. subsequent Hvo-thirds vole of both houses. 

The nihiihuUrtitive officers of the State are a secretary, nominated by the governor, and confirmed by the Senate for 
two years ; and a treasurer and a comptroller of accounts, chosen biennially by joint vote of both houses. Other officers 
are the tttlorney-gencral, auditor, a-ljulant-general, corimiissioner of the land office, and superintendent of penitentiary. 
The jniliri<try consists of the Supreme Court, District Courts. County Courip, etc. The Supreme Court consists of a 
Chief Justice and two associates, who are chosen by the people for six years. Three sessions are held annually : one at 
Austin, on the second Mimday of November; one at Galveston, on the first Mtmday of January, and one at Tyler, on the 
first Momlay of April. The Court has appellate jurisdiction only ; but in criminal cases, and appeals from interlocutory 
judgments, it is under legislative regulations. The judges of the District Courts are elected for six years, and hold a 
court twice a ye:tr in each counly. District Courts have original jurisdiction in all commercial cases, and in all suits both 
in law and equily, in which more than $100, exclusive of interest, is at stake. In criminal cases, if the punishment be 
not specific.dly determined by law. the jury shall determine it. In equity causes, either parly may demand a jury. The 
judges of botli courts may be removed by the governor on the address of two-thirds of each house ; or, upon impeach- 
ment, to be tried by the Senate. There is also in each county a County Court, silling once a month, as a Court of 
Ordinary, an*! once in three months for ihe transaction of county business. Justices of the Peace, witli jurisdiction l<> the 
amount of $lOi), are elected in precincts Ibr two years. Among the provisions of the constitution, the following are the 
most important: Any person concerned in a rluel, sending or accepting a challenge, shall be ineligible to any public office; 
grants of monej for private purposes, or for inlerual improvement, must be made by two-thirds of both houses; a wife's 
proptTty. both real and personal, acqiured before or after marriage, shall be her separate properly ; a homestead of not 
more than 20i! acres, not included in a town or city, or city and town lots, worth not more than $'2,UU0. shall not be subject 
to forced sale for any debt Iiereader contracted ; no c<'rp(»ratiiin shall be created, renewed, or extended, with banking 
or discouTiting privileges: private corporations can only be created by a vole of two-thirds of both houses; the Stata 
may not borrow money unless by a like vote, nor contract an aggregate amount of debt of more than .$lini,Ou(), except in 
case of w!ir. invasion, or insurrection ; no law shall be passed to emancipate slaves, except by their owners' consent, and 
^Her paying a full compensation for them ; emigrants ^^ the State shall not be prevented from bringing their slaves with 
Ihem, bui tlie imporlation of slaves as merchandise may be lorbidden; laws may be passed obliging masters lo treat their 
slaves with humanity, and to abstain from injuries to them, affecting life or limb. In case of disobedience of these laws, 
the slaves may be taki-n away, and sold for the benefit of the owners; slaves accused of higber crimes than petit larceny 
shall have a fair trial by jury ; and any one who maliciously dismembers or deprives a slave of life, shall be punished as 
if he had committed the same crime on a while person, except in case of insurrection of such slave ; one-tenth of tho 
annual revetme derived from taxation shall be set aside as a pt rmanent fund for Ihe support of free public schools, and 
all public lands granted for such schools shall not be alienated in fee. nor leased for more ihan 20 years. The constitution 
may be amended on the proposal of two-thirds of both houses, which propositions shall then be published three months 
before the next general election ; and if approved of at that election by a majority of the voters, and then ratified by two 
thirds ot both houses, in the next Legislature, they shall be valid, a?Kt form part of the constitution. 

F/ ltd II CCS, Ihl't, etv. — According to Ihe Comptroller's report, dated 12ih November, 1651, the debt of the late Republic 
of Texas, which has been recognized and adopted by the State, inchnrtng interest, amounted ostf-nsihly to $12,436,991, or 
at par to $G.S'2T,27S. Of the debt, $9,647.2o;3, or $4,*)7,774, par. had been filed according to the act of 20ih March, 184S, 
and $2,7N9.7;i>, or $2,019,514, had not been filed, and would require further legislative action before its owners could benefit 
by the act ot 184S. The debt is classified as follows : 

Oatensiijie. Par value. 

i?V;w« r/<7A,s'.— Audited ami ascertained claims $S,5S7.132 92 $3,S17,321 64 

Sf-co7id W-((«.s. —Sufficiently authenticated to be auditeil 962,445 12 S9'-\767 63 

Tkird ci(/««.— Not sufficiently authenticated to be audited 97,075 10 97,675 10 

The first class embraces all consoliilaled funds, funded debts, treasury bonds, and audited paper, including the claims 
for naval vessi-ls, loans from United States bank, etc. 

Tiie second class embraces claims not audited, but for debts contracted by the government under the sanction of law. 

The third class embracer claims not provide<i for by law. though many of them are highly meritorious. Among them 
are many claims for losses sustained during the war, from the appropriation or destruction of properly by the Texan army 
or that of the enemy. 

The act of Congress of 9th of September, 1S50, provided that, as an indemnity f"r lands ceded by that act, for public 
properly ceded by annexation, and for relinquishment for alt claims upon the federal treasury, the TTnited States should 
p.-iy tnTevas $lu.Uli0,00n in 5 per cent, stock, redeemable at the end of fourteen years, with interest, payable half yearly; 
$5,000,000 of this Slock was not to be issued "until the creditors of the Stale holding bonds and other certificates of stock 
of Texas, /o/' ichich duties on imporU were speekiUy pledged, shall first file in pn.per form, at the Treasury of the United 
Stales, releases of all claims against the United Stales on aecounl of said bonds or certiflcales." Tho executive of the 
United Stales has decided '• thai all the public debt of Texas created prior to the act of Congress of that Republic of the 
I4th January, 1840. and all the debt of said Republic made receivable fi>r all public dues, are debla of Texas, for which 
the duties on imports are specially pledged, and that releases of all claims against tlie United Slates ftir or on account of 
such debts, should be filed in the Treasury Department, before the President will be justified in issuing the second 
♦5,000,000 stock to Texas." 

L6 849 



TEX 



TEX 



Besides this immense sum. the Slate owns nearly 200,0l}0.000 acres of lamls. and according to the census of the Uailed 
States, the value of real and personal estate liable to taxation was valued at :f5*;,74il,473. 

The average annual expenses of Uie State government are about $I0(J,O0U, which ia raised chiefly by a direct tax on 
assessments, and a capitation tax. 

The nn'/itur}/ force of Texas consists of 19.766 men of all arms, of which 1.24S are commissioned officers, and 1S,518 
non-commissioned officers, musicians, artificers, and privates. Of the officers, 15 are general officers, 45 gmeral staff-offi- 
cers. 248 field officers, etc., and 940 coin])any officers. Every white male citizen between the ages of IS and 45 years, 
unless exempt by law, is liable to military duty. 

Fedeml Represent* ttioi). — In accordance with the act of 23d May, 1850, apportioning representation, Texas is entitled 
to two representatives in the Congress of the United Slates. 

Mhi-catioji. — Primary and common schools are established in the chief towns and counties, and education is becoming 
universal and easy of attainment. The State has a considerable school fund, wliich is beipig constantly augmented by 
grants and donations. The College of Kuterville has been liberally endowed by the State, and is quite flourishing. Gal- 
veston University is also in full operation, and is very popular. There are also theological institutions in various towns, 
supported by the several denominations. Though in respect of educational means the State may at present occupy a 
secondary rank, the provisions made for its advancement insure the speedy enlargement ()f the sphere of their influence. 

Reliifiorts Denomination^.— The stati8tic3"of the several religious denominations in the Stale, in 1S50, according to the 
census of that year, were as follows : 



Dencm™. N... <ir 


Cl.urrl, 


Valne of 


Denomina- No 


tions. Churihea. 


acciitn. 


Property. 


tions. Cliu 


Baptist 80 .. 


8,0T6 


. $19,190 


German Eef^ 


Christian 1 .. 


100 


150 


Jewish 


Congrpfrat'I.. — .. 


— . 


— 


Lntheran . . . 


Dutch l!ef... — .. 


— 


— 


Mennonite . , 


Episcopal ... 5 .. 


1,026 . 


. 1.5.100 


Methwlist... 


Free T.. 


1,600 


. 7,100 


Moravian ... 


Friends — .. 


— 


— 


Presbyterian 



15. 



6,100 . . 



Valne of 


Pennmina. No, of 


Cl..ircli 


Value nf 


Pr-,i>erty. 


ti>..i^. Cliiinliea 


Rccnni. 


Pr„,,erly. 


«- 


R. Oatholie. . . 13 . 


6,760 . 


$79,700 


— 


Swe(ienl)o'n .. — .. 


— . 


— 


. — 


Tunlicr — .. 


_ . 


_ 


— 


Union 2 . . 


850 . 


625 


. 56,095 


Unitarian — .. 


— . 


— 


. — 


Universalisl... — .. 


— . 


— 


. 19,0T0 


Minor Secta.. S .. 


1,500 . 


. 8,000 



—making a total of 164 churches, having accommodation for 74,495 persons, and valued as property at $200,530. Texas 
tSrms a missionary diocese of the Protestant Episcopal Church; and also the Koman Catholic diocese of Galveston, a 
suffraffan of the ecclesiastical province of New Orleans. 

Puhlic Libraries.— According to the report of the librarian of the Smithsonian Institution, in 1851, Texas contained but 
4 public libraries, and 1,631 volumes — one State library, 1,001 volumes; one college library, 800 volumes; and two public 
school libraries, 830 volumes. 

Periodical Pre-ss.—The whole number of periodicals published in the State, in 18-50, according to the census, was S7, 
of which the political principles of three were " whig," and of 11 " democratic," and 23 were neutral in politics, including 
those devoted to literature, religion, science, etc. Of the whole number (37), 3 were issued tri-weekly, 2 semi-weekly, and 
32 weekly. The aggregate circulation of the tri-weeklies was 2,5110 copies at each issue, of the serai-weeklies 1 SOO copies, 
and of the weeklies- 14,837 copies. There were published — in Anderson county, 1 weekly ; in Bexar (San Autonio), 2 week- 
lies; in Bowie,! weekly; in Cameron (Brownsvilk'),2 weeklies; in Cherokee, Calhoun, Dallas, Fannin, and Fayette, each 
1 weekly ; in Galveston ^Galveston City). 2 tri-weeklies, 1 semi-weekly, and 1 weekly ; in Harris (Houston), 1 tri-weekly 
and 4 weeklies; in Harrison (Marshall). 2 weeklies; in Jasper, Lamar, and Matagorda, each 1 weekly ; in Rusk (Hender- 
son), 3 weeklies; in Red River and San Augustine, each I weekly ; in Travis (Austin), 2 weeklies ; in Victoria, 1 weekly; 
in Walker (IluntsvUle), 2 weeklies; in Washingtrm, 1 semi-weekly and 1 weekly. 

Paupei-ifim. — The whole number of paupers relieved or supported within the year ending 1st June, 1S50, was 7, all 
natives, and the whole number of paupers at that date was 4. Cost of support, etc., $433. 

Historical Sketch. — The first settlements in Texas were made by the French at Matagorda ; but the settlers were soon 
afler expelled by the Spaniards, who, in 1690, extended their cordons from New Spain over the whole territory. Previous 
to this time the Indians held undisputed sway over this fine country. Spanish forces were stationed at Goliad, Bexar, 
Nacogdoches, etc.. and held military possession until the revolution which overthrew the Spanish power in Mexico. 
On the consummation of Mexican independence, Texas became, in connection with the adjoining State of Coahuila, a 
province of the Repul)lic Soon aller this period, several colonies of Americans, who had been invited into the territory 
by the Mexicans, settled jn the eastern section, and we-re for a long time secured from the onerous burdens of Mexico 
Proper. Previous to 1S35, however, serious complaints against the central government, now a consobdated republic, 
were uttered, and in the following year open rebellion was rife. The Mexican President invaded Texas with a large 
army, and was successively victorious and defeated in numerous skirmishes. The American settlers declared their inde- 
pendence in March, 1936, and the defeat of the Mexicans and capture of Santa Anna, at San Jacinto, 21st April, 1836, 
secured to the patriot party the acknowledgment of their assumption by that leader, and the whole of the country cast of 
the Rio Grande was acceded to them. The acts of Santa Anna, however, were never confirmed by the Senafe, and of 
course their authority was, to say the least, equivocal. No serious attempts having been made by the Mexicans to regain 
Texas for eight or nine years, the political nationality of the country was considered as consolidated, and in 1S45, the 
United States of America admitted the young republic as a Slate of the Union. The consequences of this act was war 
with Mexico— a war which the United States virtually assumed by the annexation, at a time when Texas was in a state 
of war with Mexico. The history of this war is recent and well known. The arras of the United States were every- 
where victorious ; and when peace returned, not Texas alone, but New Mexico and Califnrnia Alta were parceled off to 
the Americans, and forever lost to the Mexican Republic. The joint resolutions of Congress, admitting Texas into tho 
Union, wen- signed by the President of the United States, on the 1st March, 1845, and ratified by the Congress of Texas 
on the 4lh July of the same year. The State Government was organized on the 19th P>b., 1S46. The boundary between 
New Mexico and Texas, the latter of which claimed the line of the Rio Grande, was adjusted by compromise in 1S50. 

Austin City is the political capital of the State. 



Texas county. Mo, Situate toward the S.. and coiitains | 
1,247 sq. m. Drained by head branches of Current r. and I 
850 



Big Piney fork of Gasconade r. Surface varied, in parta 
being hilly, but in general it is undulating ; soil fertile. 



TEX 



THO 



Chief productions, wheat and Indian com; it is niso favor- 
able In the growth of tubacco. Timber is abundant. It 
contains some minerals. Farms 232; manuf. 15; dwell. 
S9-i. and pop.— wh. 2,270, fr. col. 0, si. 42— total 2,312. Oap- 
iUil : Houston. 

Tes^s, p. o., Washington county, Ind. .■ S4 miles S, 
Indianapolis. 

Texas, p. o.. Randolph co., JIL : 216 m. S. Springfield. 

Texas, p. v., Oswego co., A''. V. : on Salmon r., near its 
entrance into Lake Ontario, 140 m. W. N. \V. Albany. 

Texas, p. c, Lycoming county, Penn. : 75 m. N. by "W. 
Harrisburg. 

Texas, p. o., Henry county, OJiio: 101 m. N. TV. by N. 
Columbus. 

Texas Valley, p. o., Corthiudt co., A\ T. : 121 W. by S. 
Albany'. 

Thames river, New Loiidon co., Conn,: formed by the 
junction of the Quinnebaug, Shetucket, and Yantic rivers, 
near Norwich, Oom which it flows S., and empties into 
Long Island Sound below New London. It is navigable to 
Norwich, 14 miles. 

Thebes, p. v., and cap. Alexander co., ///,.■ on E. bank 
of Mississippi r.,176 m. S. Springfield. Itcoulains the county 
buildmgs, etc., and has many facilities for commerce. 

The Coeners, p. o., Ulster comity, iV. Y. : on Esopus cr., 
53 m. S. S. W. Albany. 

The Forks, p. o., Somerset co., 3fe. : on 'W- side of Ken- 
nebec r., at junction of Dead r., 73 m. N. by W. Augusta. 

Ttie Glen, p. o., Warren co., 2^. Y.: 63 m. N. by W. 
Albany. 

The Gplph, p. o., Chatham county, iV. Car. : 3S m. W. 
Ealeigb. 

The Narrows, p. o., Crawford county, ArJ:.: 120 m. 
N. W. by W. Little Rock. 

Tueological Seminary, p. o., Fairfax co., Xlrg. : 95 m. 
N. Richmond. The Episcopal Theiilogical School of Vir- 
ginia is located here, and in 1S50 had 4 profess'>r3 and 32 
students. The library contains about 5,000 volumes. 

The Plains, p. o., Fauquier co., ^Irg. ; 91 m. N. by W. 
Richmond. 

The Pubchase, p. o., Westchester ca, .V. 3".; 114 m. S. 
Albany. 

Theresa, t. and p. v.. Dodge county, lT7.sc'. ; 57 miles 
N. E. by E. Madison. The village is on the N. side of 
Rock river. 

Theresa, t and p. v., Jt- fTerson co., A^ Y. : 152 m. N. W. 
Albany. Surface uneven and bmken. Drained by Indian 
T., on which is the v., containing about 200 inhabitants. 
Pop. of L 2.342. 

TirE Sqitaee, p. o., Cayuga co., X. Y. : 150 m. W. by N. 
Albany. 

TirETFORD, t. p. v.. and sta.. Orange co., Ff/'w. ; on the 
W. side of Connecticut r., 37 m. S. K. by E. Monti>i'Iit'r. 
Surface uneven and rough. The t is well watered by Om- 
pomponoosuc r. and branches, which afford water-power, 
and also contains several ponds, one of which is very deep, 
without inlet oroutlet, and noted for abundance of fish. The 
t. contains 3 villages. The central v. contains a church, an 
academy, several stores, etc. The Connecticut and Pus- 
sumpsic Rivers E. R. nms along the Connecticut r., having 
stations at Thetford and North Thetford. Pop. of t. 2,M10. 

Thetford, t. and p. o., Genesee county, J/ich.: 53 m. 
N. E. by E. Lansing. Drained by branches of Upper Sag- 
inaw and Flint rivers. Pop. 303. 

The Village, p. o.. Point Coupee par., La.: 36 m.N. W. 
Baton Rtiuge. 

TniBoDEAUX. p. v., and cap. La Fourche par.. Za. : at 
junction of Blue and La Fourche bayoux. It contains the 
county buildings and 3 churches. The "Minerva" (whig) 
is published weekly. The New Orleans, (Jpelousas, and 
Texas R. R. will pass through tliis place. Pop. about 1.000. 

Thickety Fork, p. o., Spartanburgh disL, S. Car. : SO ra. 
N. W. Columbia- 



Thiyener, p. o., Gallia county, Ohio: 83 m. S. S. E 
Columbus. 

Thomas county, (?a. Situate S. toward the W..and con- 
tains 1,348 sq. m. Ochlockonee river enters it in the N. W., 
an<I pa.sses centrally through it. by which and its branches, 
and by branches of Wiihlachoochee, it is drained. Surface 
level ; soil fertile, and pniduces cotton, rice, and com, in 
abundance. Apples, oranges, and lemons, etc., are grown, 
and pine and other timber abounds. Farms .'i34 : mannf. 
6; dwell. S33, and pop.— wh. 4,943, fr. col. 4, ala. 5.156— 
total 10,103. A7;>i;fi/.-ThomasviHe. Public; ir;>r/[-« ; Bruns- 
wick and Florida R. R., and Branch to Ti**as8ee. 

Thomas, sta.. Burke co., Gti.: onthe Augusta and Waynes- 
boro' R. R., 36 m. S. from Augusta. 

T110.M ASTON, p. v., and cap. Upson county, Ga. : 69 m. 
W. by S. Milledgeville. It contains the court-house and 
jail, an academy, 2 churches, stores, etc. Poj). about ISO. 

Thomaston, t and p. v., Lincoln co.. Me. : on E. side of 
SL George's r., 86 m. S. E. Augusta. This I. contains an 
abundance of limestone, from which 300,000 casks of lime 
are annually made. The Maine State prison here located 
has spacious and comtiiodious buildings, with 10 acres of 
ground attached. The prisoners are extensively employed 
in cutting granite. Large ships come up to this t., 12 m. 
from the ocean. The " Lincoln Miscellany" is issued semi- 
weekly. Pop. oft. 2.72.3. 

TnoMASTOwN, p. v., Leake co., Jtlisff. : on W. bank of 
Gochamockamy cr, 51 m. N. E. by N. Jackson. 

TnoMASVELLE, p. V., and cap. Thomas co., Ca.: 1G9 m. 
S. by W. Milledgeville. The projected Brunswick and 
Florida K. R. will pass through this place, with which the 
N. extension of the Tallahassee and St. Mark's R. R. will 
Iiere connect It contains the county buihlings, etc., and is 
a village rapidly rising into commercial importance. 

TuoMASviLLE, p. V., Orcgon CO., Mo.: 125 m. S. S. E. 
Jefferson City. 

TnoMASviLLE, p. v., Eobcrtson county, Te7in. : 28 m. N. 
Nashville. 

Thompson, t., p. v., and sta.. Windham co., Conn. : 46 m. 
E. N. E. Hartford. Drained by French, Quinnebaug. and 
Five-mile rivers, which afftird good water-power. On their 
banks are the manufacturing villages of Thompson, Ma- 
sousville. Fisherville, Wilsonsville, and New Boston, all of 
which, except New Boston, are on the Norwich and Wor- 
cester R. R. The t, is large, with hilly surface, and fine 
grazing soil. Pop. in 1840, 3.535; in 1S50, 4,638. 

Thompson, p. v., Columbia co., G<i. : on the Georgia E. E., 
3S m. W. from Augusta. 56 ni. N. E. by E. Milledgeville. 

Thompson, t. and p. 0., Geauga co., Ohio: 149 m. N. E. 
Columbus. Pop. 1,211. 

Thompson, t., Seneca co., Ohio : situate in N. E. corner 
of the CO., S4 m. N. Columbus. The Mad River and Lake 
Erie R. R. crosses it, 23 m. S. S. W. .Sandusky. Pop. 1,6GS. 

Thompson, L and p. o.. Susquehanna co., Penn,: 121 m. 
N. by E. Harrisburg. Pop, about 400. 

Thompson's, p. 0., Fairfield dist., S. Car.: 19 m. N. W. by N. 
Columbia. 

Thompson's Cross Roads, p. 0., Louisa co., Virg. : on S. 
side of South Anna r., 31 m. N. W. Richmond. 

Thompson's Station, p. o., and sta., Suffolk co., 2^. Y. : 
on Long I.sland R. R., 41 m. E. from New York. 

Thompson's Store, p. o., Guilford co., JV'. Car.: 72 m. 
W. N. W. Raleigh. 

Thompsontown, p. v., Juniata co., P^mi. : on N. side of 
Juniata r., and on Canal, 2'.* m. N. W. Harrisburg. 

Thompson YiLLE, p. v. and sta., Hartford co., Conn. : on 
E. bank of Connecticut r., and on New Haven and Spring- 
field li. R., IS m. N, by E. Hartford. It contains a carpet 
factory, whicii employs 400 operatives. 

Thompsonville, p. 0., Racine co.. Wise. : 44 m. E. S. E. 
Madison. 

TnoMP80Nvn.LE, p. v.. Sullivan CO., KY.:on small branch 
of Delaware r., S7 m, S. W. by S. Albany Pop. about 200. 

861 



THO 



TIM 



Thompson viLLE, p. o., Washington co., Ky. : 33 m. S.S. W. 
Frankfurt, 

TnoMP80NVTi-LE, p. a, Culper^er co., Virg.: on N. side 
of brani'h i»f Itupid Ann r., 75 m. N. N. W. Kichniond. 

Tuom'8 creek, Colusi co., Calif. : flowa E., and enters the 
Sacramento r., at Tehama village. 

TuoKNBrRO, p. v., Spotlsj'lvania county, Virg.: 46 ra. 
N. N. W. Richmond. 

TnoRNBUKY, t, and p. o., Chester county, Penn.: 67 m. 
E. Harrisburg. Draiiifd by Chester cr. and BranJywine r. 

TuORNuiKK, p. v., Hampden oo., J/*/*s. ; on 3. bank of 
Chieopee r., 66i m. W. l)y S. Boston. A manufacturing v., 
with superior water-power. 

TiioRNDiKB. t. and p. o., Wahio co.. Me. : 34 m. N. E. by E. 
Augusta. Drained by Sel)a3ticook r. Pop. 1,029. 

TnoitN IIiLL, p. o., Walker co., Ala.: 132 m. N. N. W. 
Montgomery. 

TuoRN UiLL, p. o., Grainger county, Temi.: 192 m. E. 
Nashville. 

Thorn Hill, p. o., Orange co., Virg. : 50 m. N. W. by N. 
Richmond. 

Thorn LEY9TILLK, p. v., Boone Co., Ind.: 13 m. N. W. 
IndianapoUs. 

Thornton, t and p. o., Cook co., III. : on N. side of 
Thorn cr., 15S m. N. E. Spriugfleld. Pop. about 400. 

Tuobnton, U and p. v., Grafu^n co., i\r. ITarnp.: 57 m. 
N. by W. Concord. SurDiw; uneven; watered by Pemigc- 
wassel river. On Mill brook there is a casc:tde, at which the 
water first falls 7 feet in 2 rods, and then falls over a rock 
42 feet perpendicularly. Pop. of 1. 1,012. 

TiiuBNTON, p. v., Delaware co., Penn.: 70 m. E. by S. 
Harrisburg. 

Thornton's Ferrt, p. o. and sla., Hillsboro' county, 
N. Hump. : on W, bank of Merrimac r., and ou Concord 
K. R., 6 m. from Nashua, 29 m. S- from Concord. 

Thop.ston's Mills, p. o., Rappahannock co., Mrg. : S5 m. 
N. N. W. Richmond. 

Thorntown, p. V. and sla., Boone co., Ind. : on N. side 
of Prairie cr.. near its junt'lion with Sugar cr., and on La- 
fayette and Indianapolis K.U.,37 m.N.W. from Indianapolis. 
The V. Contains about 55U inhabitants. 

Thorn viLLE, p. v., Perry c(»., Ohio: 36 m. E. by S. Co- 
lumbus. On the Scioto and Hocking Valley R. R. 

TuoRoroiiFARE, p. v. and sta.. Prince William eo., Virg. : 
8S m. N. by W. Pwichmonil. The Manassas G.ip R. R. passes 
throuKh it. It has fiouring-niills in the vicinity, on Broad 
run. whieh affords good water-power. 

Thousand islamis, N. )'. : situated in the St. Lawrence r., 
a little below Lake Ontario. The American portion of them 
belongs tt» .IcffL-rson co., and Ihu remainder to Canada. The 
St. Lawri'Dce is here from 2 to 9 m. wide. The number of 
these islands, many of which are very small indeed, is said 
to exceed 1.500. within Ihe distance of 27 m. The largest 
belonging to the Uniled Slates are Carlton, Grindstone, and 
Wells islands; ami of those belonging lo Canada, the largest 
are Grand and Howe isbmds. They are generally covered 
with Cedar and hemlock lo the water's edge; and many arc 
80 close together, that a canoe can hardly pass between. 

Thrre Forks, p. o., liarrenco., Ay. ." 90 m.S.W. Frankfort. 

Thrkk Forks p. o. Wilson co., Tenn. : 35 m. E. Nashville. 

TuKKR Forks, p. o., Taylor county, Virg. : 18S m. N. W. 
Riehrnond. 

Tnap.R Mile Bay, p. o., Jefferson county, I^, Y. : 160 m. 
N. W. by W. Albany. 

Tlirer Uivkrs. p. v., St. Joseph's co., Mick.: on SL Jo- 
eephS r., near the jnnetion of Porlage r. and Rocky cr. ; 74 
m. S. W. Lansins. The St. Joseph's r. is navigable to this 
place f'.r b'-Hts of 30 tons. 

TnuKR RivKiw. p. o.. Polk co., la. : % m. W. Iowa City. 

Thi:kk Riveks. p. V. and sla.. Hampden co.. Mans.: on 

Chieopee r.. near junetiim of Ware and Swift rivers, 6C m. 

W. by S. Boston. The Amherst and Belcherlown R. R. 

pu^ses through il, 3 m. from Palmer, 17 ra. from Amherst. 

S52 



Three Roads, p. o., Cambria co., Penn. : 95 m. W, by N. 
Harrisburg. 

Three Springs, p. c, Hart county, Ky. : 83 m. S. W, 
Frankfort. 

Three Spbinqs, p. o., Huntingdon co,, Penn. ; 55 m. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Three SpRn^GS, p. c, Washington co., Virg. : 253 m. 
W. by S. Richmond. 

TiiROG's point, Westchester co., JVl F! ; on 8. E. point of 
Throg's Neck, projecting into East r, 13 ra. N. E. City Hall, 
New York. Here is Fort Schuyler, a very strong fortifica- 
tion, commamling the entrance of East r. from Long Island 
Sound. Here also is a lighthouse. (Ses Ligutuocses.) 

Thboopsville, p. v., Cayuga co,, iV. Y.: on Owasco out- 
let, 151 ra. W. by N. Albany. 

Thunder bay, Mich. This large bay sets up N. W. from 
Lake Huron into Alpena co., affording an excellent harbor, 
with 5 or 6 fathoms of water. Its waters are of reddish 
color. It receives Thunder Bayr.,and other smallerstreams. 
Several islands lie near the entrance of the bay. 

Thubman, p. o., Gallia county, Ohio: 85 miles S. by E. 
Columbus. 

Thurston, I. and p. o., Steuben co., N. Y. : 1S6 m. W. by 
S. Albany. Pop, 726. 

Tiara, p. o., Montgomery co., Ala. ; 13 m. S. Montg.')mery. 

TiBBATT's Cross Roads, p. o., Campbell co., Ky. : 57 m. 
N. E. by N. Frankfort. 

TicoNDBKooA, t. and p. v., Essex co., y, Y. : on both sides 
of outlet of Lake George ; S7 m. N. by E. Albany. Surface 
of 1. is level or rolling on the E., hilly and mountainous on 
ibe W. ; soil clay loam and fertile, particularly near the lakes. 
The V. is situated at the lower falls, 2 m. W. of Lake Cham- 
plain. The outlet has here a descent of 30 feet, aff'ordtng 
great water-power ; it is navigable to the lower part of the 
y. for lake crafL The ruins of old Fort Ticondcroga are 
situated 2 x\\. below the v., on a point of land at the entrance 
of the outlet of Lake Gei>rge into Lake Champlain. Their 
site is elevated about 70 feet above the lake. About 1 m. 
S. W. is Mount Defiance, rising 750 feet above the lake. 
Pop. of t. 2,669. 

TiDioNTo, p. o., Warren co.. Penn. : on W. side of Alle- 
ghany r., 162 m. N. W. Harrisburg. 

Tiffin, p. v., sta., and cap. Seneca co., Ohio : on Sandusky 
rirer, 76 m. N. Columbus. The Mad River and Lake Erie 
R. R. passes through it. It contains a court-house, jail, 
several churches, etc., and is the centre of considerable 
trade. Four weekly newspapers are published— " Seneca 
Whig," "Western Whig Stjmdard," "Seneca Advertiser" 
(dem.), and " Northwestern Continent" (neuL) Popula- 
tion 2.72S. 

Tiger, p. o., Rabun county, Ga. : 130 miles N. by W. of 
Milledgeville. 

Ti«er Crerk, p. 0., Claiborne par., La, : 195 m. N. W. 
by N. Baton Rouge. 

TiGERsviLLR, p. o., TerTc Bonne par., La.: at the junction 
of head-waters of Tiger bayou, 52 m. S. by E. Baton Rouge, 

Tiller's Ferry, p. o., Kershaw dist., S. Car. : 50 m. N. E. 
by E. Columbia. 

TiLTos, p. 0. and sta., Murray co., Gn. : 156 m. N. W, 
Milledgeville. The Western and Atlantic R. R. passes 
through it, 8 m. 3. DalUm, and 92 m. from Atlanta. 

TiMiiALiEu bay. La. : sets up N. W. from the mrmth of 
fiayou La Fourcho ; is 30 m. long, 3 to 6 m. wide. It isshal- 
I'lw with sandy and muddy bottom. At its moulh are sev- 
eral large islands. 

TiMitivR. p. o., Peoria county, ///..■ 54 miles. N. by W- 
Springfield. 

TiMBKR Crekk, p. o., Marshall county, la.: on 9. side of 
branch of Iowa r., 72 m. W. Iowa City. 

Timber Creek, p. o.. Hunt county, T&c.: 7 m. E. by St 
Greenville. 228 m. N. N. E. Austin City. 

Tlmher Gkuve, p. 0., Washington co., Virg.: 266 m. W. 
by 3. Richmond. 



TIM 



TIV 



Timber Eidge, p. o., Uni»m dist., -S'. Car.: 60 m. N. W. 
Columbia, 

Timber KmoK, p. o., Kockbridge Co., llrff. : 101 m. W. 
by N. liii-hmnniJ. 

Timber Kidge, p. o., Greene county, Tenii, : 216 m. E. 
Nashville. 

Timbekville, p. v., Euckingham co., Tlrg, : 117 m. N.W. 
Kichmon'l. * 

TiMoNiuM. V. and sfa.. Ballimore co.. JM: on the Balti- 
more iind Susqiu-lmniiii 11. R,. 11 ni. N. Baltimorf. 

TiSKEic Knob, p. o., Botetourt CO., Virg.: 145 m. W. of 
Riclinirind. 

Tinkf.b Rru, p. 0., Westmoreland co., Fenn.; 143 m-W. 
Harrrsbiirg. 

Tinker's Cbeek. p. o,, Barnwell district, S. Cnr,: 60 m. 
S. S. W. Columbia. 

TiNMOUTH, t. and p. o.. nutland co.. Verm. : 63 m. S. S.W. 
Monipelier. Surface elevated and hilly. Draiucd by Fur- 
nace !)rook. It contains niarble and iron ori.'. Pop. 71T. 

TiNNEv's Grove, p. o., Kay co., Mo.: 12i) ra, W. N. W. 
JelTersou City. 

TiNTON Falls, p. o., Monmouth co., y. Jer. : on E. side 
of branch of Nevcrsirikr.. 84i m. E. by N. Trenton. This 
place and vioinUy is of great resort in the. summer. 

TioG\ county, N, Y". Situate centrally, and contains 4.^6 
sq. m. Drained by branches of Susquehanna r., Ilie princi- 
pal of which are E. and W. Owego creeks, and which afiTurd 
good wattT-power. Surface divfrsifit'd by hills and valleys ; 
soil various, but fertile, consisting mostly of u gravelly loam, 
intcrniixed with clay ; the uplands are ada|>ieii to grazing, 
and the valleys to" wheat, grain, etc. There is a quantity of 
white pine and other v.aluable timber on the land. It has 
some minerals, and marl is found, which lakes the place of 
lime. It also contains sulphur springs. Chief productions, 
wheat, Indian corn, and piMatoes. Farms 2.i'3(J: nianuf. 
354; dwell. 4,442, and pop.— wh. 24,GS;J, fr. col. 197— total 
24.SSn. Cajntal:^ Owego. PuUic Works: New York and 
Erie E, E.; Cayuga and Ithaca E. 11. 

TnxiA county, Penn. Situate N., and contains 1,056 eq. m. 
Tioga r. passes through the ea.stern portion, by which and 
its branches, and affluents of "W. branch of Susquehanna r., 
it is drained. Surface pleasantly diversified, with low Iiills 
and fertile valleys. Soil fertile, and adapted to grain, 
■Wheat :md Indian corn are raised in large quantities. A 
part of the connly is well wooded. Farms 2,ls3: maimf. 
225; dwell. 4.222, and pop.— wh. 23.SS9, fr. col. 9S— total 
23.9S7. Orpital: Wellsboro*. Pitblic Works: Corning and 
Bh'SslMirgR. K. 

TiooA, t, and p. o., Tioga eo., Penn.: 110 m. N. by "W. 
Harrishurg. Surface hilly ; soil varitnis. Drained by Tioga 
r. The Corning ami Blossburg E. E passes through the L 

TiOGA, t,, Tioga CO., .V. Y. : on Susquehanna r., 140 m. 
W. S. W. Albany. Surface hilly. Pop. 2.839. 

TiooA Cextkf., p. v. and sla., Tioga co., jV. Y. : on the 
Erie E. E , 252 m. from New York, 217 ni. from Dunkirk. 

TiosRSTA, I. and p. o., Venango co.. Peiin. : on E. side of 
Alleghany r, 157 m. N. W. by W. Harrishurg. 

Tii'i'Aii county. 3fm. Situate N. toward the E., and con- 
tains 1.037 sq. m. Drained by head branches of Talla- 
hatchie river. Surface lunhilating. Farms 1,S90; niannf. 
26: dwell. 2.655, and population- wh. 15,S0S, fr. col. 5, si. 
4,92S— lolal 20.741. drpiUd: Eipley. 

Tipi'KOANoK county, Ind. Siiuale N. W., on Wabash r., 
and cmiains 504 sq. m. The interior is drained by Tippe- 
caiioi- r.. Wild Cat and Rnrnelt creeks. Surface gently un- 
dulating, or ppread out into extensive level tracts: along Ihe 
AVnbash. ihe county is hilly. Farms 1.377: nianuf. 204; 
dwell. 3 227, and pop.— wh. 19.S1S, fr. col. 159— loUil 19,377. 
—Capital: La Fayette. Pul>/ic Works: New Albany and 
Salem Extension R. E. ; Lafayette and In<lianapolis E. E.; 
Great Western Central E. E. ; Wabash and Erie Canal, et.'. 

Tii'pROANOK. stiu. Moiiigomery eo., Afa. ; on Montgomery 
and West Point E. E., 11 m. E. from Montgomery. 



Tippecanoe, p. o., Harrison county, Ohio : 93 m. E. by N. 
Columbus. 

Tii'PFCANoE, p. o., Henderson co., Tennjc 96 m.W. S.W, 
N.ashville. 

Tippecanoe, p. o., Fayette co., Penn.: 145 m. W. by S. 
Harrishurg. 

Tippecanoe river, Tud. : rises in a lake in Kosciusko co., 
flows W. and then S.. and empties into Wabash river, 9 m. 
above Lafayette. It is over 200 m, long, but is luirrow and 
shallow, though with a permanent supply of water. 

Tipton county, Ind. Situate centrally, and contains 264 
sq. in. Drained by Cicero and Duck creeks. Surface 
mostly level and well timbered. Farms 339; manuf. 1; 
dwell. 627. and pop.— wh. 3.525, fr. cot. 7— total 3,532. Cap- 
ita/. : Tipt<m. Puhlic WorKs : Indianapolis and Peru E. K. ; 
Newcastle and L">gansport R. E. 

Tipton county, 7>nii. Situate W.. and contains 6S2 sq. ra. 
Drained by branches of Big Halchee and Loosahatchee 
rivers, both tril)utaries of MiiKsissippi r.. which flows on its 
W. border. Surface level, excepting the bluffs on the Mis- 
sissippi. Soil fertile, and adapte<l to cotton and tobacco, 
which are produced in large quantities. Farms 631 ; nianuf. 
16; dwell. S13, and pop.— wh. 4,673, fr. col. 22. si. 4,1 92— 
lolal S,SS7. Capital: Covington. 

Tipton, p. v.. and cap. Cerlar co.. la. : about H m.W. of 
Sugar cr., a tributary of iowa r.. 20 m. E. by S. Iowa City. 
It is situated on a handsome prairie, and is rapidly increas- 
ing in population. The "Tipton Times" (iniscel.) is pub- 
lished nmnthly. 

Tipton, p. o., Lenawee county, 3fifh. : 62 m. S. S. E. 
Lansing. 

Tipton, p. v.. sfa., and cap. Tipton county, Ind. : on Peru 
and Indianapolis E. R..40 ni. N. Indianapnlis. 

Tiro. p. o., Marshall co.. Miss. : 157 m. N. by K, Jackson. 

Tisuemingo county, Mi-^s. Situate N. E., arnf contains 
1,149 sq. m. Drained by Tuseunibia and Yellow creeks, 
and tributaries of E. fork of Tombigbee r. Surface uneven, 
and oil llie Tennessee, which bounds it N. E., presents high 
blutfs. Ctiief productions, cotton ami Indian corn. Farms 
1.247; manuf. 16; dwell. *2.201, and pop.— wh. 13.52S. fr. 
col. 1, si. 1,961— toUil 15.491). CapiUU: Jacinto. Puhlie 
Works: Mobile and Ohio K. R. 

TiSKiLWA, p. o.. Bureau co.. PL: lOt m. N. Springfield. 

TiTiciT, sla.. Plynioutii co.. Mastt. : (ni S. side of Taunton 
river, and on Fall Eiver K. K., 31 m. from Boston. 

Titswoutu, p. 0., Madison county, Ark.: on N. side of 
Richland cr.. 125 m. N. W. Little Rock. 

TiTraor, p. o., Greenville district, S. Car: : 90 m. N. W. 
Columbia. 

Titus county, Tltc, Situate N. E., and contains 1.143 
sq. 111. Drained by White Oak bayou, and affluents of Big 
Cypress river, which flows on its S. border. Farms 269 ; 
manuf. 4; dwell. 54S. and pop.— wh. 8,16S, fr. col. 1, si. 
46<— total 3.636. Capital: Mount Pleasant. 

Titusville. p. v. and sta., Mercer county, AK Jer.: on 
Belvidere Delaware R. E.. 9^ m. N. W. Trenton. 

TiTir8viLLE,p,o., Crawford co., Penii. : 171 in. N.W. byW. 
Harrishurg. 

Tiverton, t. and p. o.. Coshocton co., Ohio .■ ,52 ra. N. E. 
Columbus. Drained by Walhonding r. Pop. 842. 

TivEUTON. t. and p. v.. Newport co., R. L: 13m.N. E. byE. 
Newport, and 18 m. S. E. by S. Providence. Bounded W. 
by the E. passage of Narragansett bay and Mount Hope 
bay, which afford great facilities for navigation. Surface 
gi-nily un'-ven ; soil gravelly loam, and fertile. It contains 
several ponds, abounding with fish, the outlets of which 
affi>rd water-power. It is connected with Rhode Island by 
a st'>ne bridge l.O'lO feet long. The v. and t. contain nu- 
merous factories, chiefly of calicoes, cotton batting, thread, 
coarse yarn, cassimen'S, and tweols. The v. conLains 1 
bank, capital $200,000, has considerable coasting trade, and 
i-t somewhat engaged in the fisheries. Pop. of t. in 1840, 
8.1S3; in 1S50, 4,699. 

853 



TIV 



TOL 



Tiverton Fock Curnebs, p. v., Newport co., R. I. : 9 m. 
N. E. Newportj 21 m. S. E. by 8. Providence. 

TivoLi, p. V. and sia., Duchess CO., N. Y. : on E. side of 
Hudson r.» 44 ra. from Albany. 

TivuLi, p. o., Dubuque county, la.: 64 m. N. N. E. 
Iowa City. 

ToitAoro Port, p. v., Stewart co., Tmn. : on N. E. side 
of CumbtTland r., 69 m. W. N. W. Nashville. 

Tobacco Eow, p. o., Amherst couuly, Virg. : 94 m. W. 
Eichtnond. 

Tobacco Stick, p. o., Dorchester co., Jfd. : S3 ni. S. S. E. 
Annapolis. 

Tobey's, station, Bristol county, Mass. : on Boston and 
Providence li. K., 17 miles from Providence, 26 miles from 
Boston. 

TuccoA Falls, p. o., Uabersham co., Ga.: 106 m. N. 
Milledgevillc. 

Toccopola, p. o., Pontotoc county, Miss. : 14T m. N. N. E. 
Jackson. 

Todd county, Ky. Situate S. toward the W., and con- 
tains 362 sq. ra. Drained by Elk fork of Ked r., which 
flows into Cumberland r. and tributaries of Green r. Sur- 
face even. Farms 03D; manuf. 2S; dwell. 1.316, and pop. 
— wh. 7,361, fr. col. 97, si. 4,S19— total 12,208. CupiUd : 
Elk Eon. 

Tuod, t. and p. o., Huntingdon co., P&nv. : 56 m. "W. 
Harrisburg. It contains a. furnace, forge, and numerous 
mills. Pop. about 9li0. 

Todd's, p. o., Spottsylvania county, Virg. : 43 m. N. N."W. 
Biohmond. 

Todd'8 Crkek, p. 0., Platte co., Mo. : 143 m. "W. N. W. 
Jefferson City. 

Toddsville, p. o., Otsego county, K. Y. : 70 m. W. 
Albany. 

TuGUS Speings, p. o., Kennebec county. Me. : 5 m. S. E. 
Augusta. 

TonupEKATTiGO lakp, Orange co., Flor. : near S. boundary 
line of the co., 12 m. long, 5 m. wide, and cuunecled with 
Lake Kissimear. 

ToLAND Praikfe. P.O., Washington county, Wise: 52 m. 
E. by N. Madison. 

Toledo, p. o., Union county. 111. : 152 miles S. by E. 
Springfield. 

Toledo, p. city, and port of entry, Lucas co., OMo: on 
"W. bank of Maumee. r. 5 m. from its entrance into Maamce 
bay. 117 m. N. by W. Columbus. The built portion oT llic 
cily extends for more than a mile along the bank of Ilu- 
river, but il is most cnriipael at its upper and lowerextrenii- 
ties or landings, which were originally two distinct settle- 
ments, called Port Lawrence and Vistula. The ripidly 
increasing population is fast filling up with houses, whatever 
of ground remains imoceupied between these points. The 
cily contains many fine blocks of warehouses, stores, and 
dwellings, with some handsome public buildings, and 
numerous churches. Its si-ttlement was conimenccd aboul 
18:31 ; and it was incorporated as a cily in 1836. It has had 
a very rapid growih. chiefly developed from its connection 
Willi the Wabash and Erie canal, which extends from 
Manhattan. 4 miles below Toledo, to Evansville, In«li;ina. 
on thf Ohio river, 467 m. The railroa<ls here cenlcring 
are, Toledo, Norwalk, and Cleveland R. R., Ill miles: 
Erie and Kalamazoo R. R. to Adrian. 32 m.; Dayton and 
Michigan R. li. ; and the Junction E. E., to Cleveland via 
Sandusky. 

The total tonnage of Miami district, of which Toledo is 
the port of entry, on June 3(tth, 1850. was 2.629 tons, all 
permanent and employed in the coasting trade; of which 
5;i9 tons were propelled by steam. The total tonnage of 
same on June 80, 1S51, was 3.236 tons; of which 1.153 tons 
were propelled by steam. During the year ending June 
SOth. 185D, it had no foreign eonimeree or ship-buililing. 
The following exhibits the value of the total amounts of 
imports and exports during the years mentioned. 
S54 



Tear. Imports. Exporta. Total Conimerc*. 

1S4T $4,038,1135 $S,MS,24S $7,882,238 

1S4S 7,85-2,021 5,263,4M 13,115,485 

1851 22,937,772 7,847,803 80,835,580 

1852 87,565,029 19,7.38,923 57,803,952 

The value of the print-ipal articles iu the above, during the 

year 1853, were as Xullows: 

lilPOBlS COA&TWKB. 



Salt $235,528 

Lumber, pine 200.692 

K. K. Iron 1,79.3,275 

Car wheels, etc 136.185 

Locomotives 196,000 

K. 11. cars 42,6.50 

E. U. materials 120,120 



Machinery 52,780 Molasses 



Nails $70,171 

Iron 64,291 

Stoves, etc 93,192 

Hardware 465,000 

.Marble 174.760 

Leather 441,600 

Sugar 171,612 



228,505 



XXrOETS COA8TWISK. 

Wheat $2,'J50,092 licef $187,990 

Flour 604,038 Tallow 186.665 

Corn 2,177,1.'>1 ! Spirita 456,484 



Pork 702.102 

Hams 676,610 

llacon 194.750 

Laril 4S2,9.5'i 

Lnrd oil 107.112 

Live Hogs a3f.,798 

Catlle 111,640 



Tobacco 120,925 

Butler.....; 44,786 

Slaves 96900 

Pearl and potashes.. 137.425 

Oilcake 9S.S16 

Wool 190.893 

Furs 210.000 



The amount of duties collected at thjs port during 1852, 
(fO goods entered here, and on articles entered at New York 
and brought here in bond, was $80,001 33. The arrivals 
and departures during 1852, were as follows: 

Arrival.. Departures. 



Vessels. Number, Timiiiige. Nutnlier, Ti.iniage. 

Steam 926 494,111 928 495.021 

Sail 1^27 179,182 1,129 179,697 



Total 2,063 673,293 2,057 674,615 

The British tonnage in the above, consisted of 1 steam 
vessel, 166 tims, and 10 sail vessels, 1,001 tons. 

The increase of the total number of vessels and their 
tonnage, which entered and cleared from Toledo, during 
1852, over 1851, was as follows: 

Tonnage. 



Vear. 
1851 


Vessels. 
3 212 


l^tesin. 

...579.076... 
...989,132... 


Sail. 
...259,758... 
...858,779... 


T..tal 

. .. 838,834 


1852 


..4,110... 
.. 893... 


...1,847,911 




...410.056... 


... 99,021... 


... 509,077 



The total tonnage arriving at, and departing from, Toledo 
by ihe Wabash and Erie canal, during 1850, was 184,400 tons, 
and during 1851, 250,000 tons. Of this, by far the largest 
(juanlities brought to Toledo were those of wheat, flour, and 
corn; and of those sent from Toledo, the largest was rail- 
road iron, of which the amourit cleared in 1S51, was 
l;5.SS9.921 pounds: and in 1852, 41,')33.592 pounds. The 
increase of grain, flonr, and pork brought by the canal from 
the interior during 1852. was 50 per cent over the amomits 
brought during 1S5I. The receipts of grain and other 
produce brought by railroad during 1S52, were more ttmn 
twice the amounts in 1851, or any year precetling; and this 
was also the case with the receipts by wagon. Toledo prom- 
ises to long retain its present pre-eminence over the other 
lake ports, a." the leading market and exporting town of the 
great staples of N. W. Ohio. 

The city is divided into 4 wardsof nearly equ.il population. 
Its newspaper press in 1850 consisted of the " Toledo Blade" 
(whig), and "Toledo Republican" (free-soil dem.), each 
issuing daily, tri-weekly, and weekly editions. Pop. in 1840, 
1,222 ; in 1850, 8.S19 ; in 185:1, 6,512. 

ToLERS. p. o., Amil6 co., Miss. : 94 m. S. S. W. Jackson. 

Toi.KRViLi.B. p. v. and sta., Louisa county, Vir{/. : 4*» m. 
N. W. by N. Riclimond. By Virginia Central R.R., which 
passes through il, 56 m. from Richmtmd. 



TOL 



TOP 



ToLKSBuRo", p. o., Lewis county, Ky. : 90 m. K. by N. 
Franklbrl, 

Tolland county, Conn, Situate N., inclining to the E., 
and contains 337 sq. ra. Drained by Willimaiilic, Hop, 
Iloekanum. Salmon, and Scantio rivers, and tbi.-ir atllui^nts, 
wbioh afford good water privileges. Farms 1,1*4^; inanut". 
241; dwt'll. 3,T4l. and pnp.— wh. 19.941), fr. col. 145— U-t^d 
20.091. r<;;)?7<:/.- Tolland. Ptd.rtc W'orkH: New London, 
■\Villinianlic, and Palmer K. K. ; IlarU'ord, Providence, uud 
Fislikill K. It. 

Tolland, t., p. v., and cap. Tolland county. Conn. : 18 m. 
N. E. by E. Hartford. Surlace rough and billy; soil ralber 
sttTile. but fertile in the valk-ys. Drained by WiHimantic r., 
which biiuiuls it on Ihe E., and by iiead Itrajiches of Hop r. 
Snipsic Pond, on its N. W. border, is 2 m. long and ^ m. 
wide. The v., situated on an elevated plain, contains a 
court-house, jail, 1 bank, cap. $S1.000, 1 savings bank, with 
permanent deposits of over $r25,(i0i), 1 insurance company, 
cap. $'2o3,0U0, and 3 churches. The New London, Willi- 
mantic, and Palmer K. K., runs on the N. E. border of the 
t., having a sUition 45 m. from New London 21 m. from 
Pahnc-r. Pop. of 1. 1,410. 

Tolland, t. and p. v., Hampden co., Masfi. : on E. side of 
Farmingtou r., Itl3 m. W. by S. Uoslon. Surface elevated ; 
soil best adai)ti.'d to grazing. The inhabitants are chiefly 
engaged in farming. The v. at the centre is neatly built, 
and contains a Congregational church. P">p. of t. 594. 

Toll Gate, p. c, Marion co., Ala.: on W. side of Butta- 
hatchee r.. 156 ra. N. W. Montgomery. 

Tomahawk, sta., Powhatlan co., Vtrff.: on Kichmoud 
and Danville E. K., IT ni. \Y. by ti. Kichmond. 

Tomahawk Si-kino, p. o., Berkeley county, Virg. : 133 xn. 
N. by "W". Richmond. 

ToMBiGBEE river, J//-«.s. and .1^*/. ; rises by several sources 
in Tishcniingo county. Miss., flows S., receiving numerous 
creeks, and bending to the E., enters Pickens county, Ala. 
In the N. part of Marengo co., it receives from the N. E. 
the Black Warrior r., nearly as large as itself, and thence 
flows S. in a meandering course, unlil it unites with Ala- 
bama r. to form Mobile r., 45 m. above Mobile. During 
nine aionllis in the year, it is navigable for large vessels to 
St. Stephens, and for steamboats to Columbus. Miss. 

Tom CoBwix, p. o., Allemakee co., /*/. ; about 2 m. W. of 
the Mississippi, 96 m. N. by E. Iowa City. 

ToMUANNOcK, p. o., EensselatT county, ,V; Y. : 23 m. 
K. E. by N. Albany. 

ToMOLTA, p. o., Cherokee co., iV! Car. : 297 m. W. by 9. 
Ealeigh. 

ToiiPKiNS county, A1 Y. Situate W. centrally, and con- 
tains 5S0 sq. ni. Drained by Fall, and Six Mile creelis, and 
Cayuga inlet, all of which enter Cayuga lake in their 
course, having considerable falls, and supplying good wahr 
privileges. Surface uneven; soil fertile, well ad;i|ited in the 
hilly portions to grazing, and in ihe valleys to grain, fruits, 
etc. The growth of wool is much attended to by the 
farmers. Us commerce is good, and it eNporls consider- 
ably. Chief proilucls. wheaL Indian corn, and potatoes. It 
has some minerals, and marl an<l gypsum in abundance, 
also 2 or 3 sulphur springs. Farms 8,193; manuf. 4&4; 
dwell. 7,103, and pop.— wh. 3S,44ti, fr. col. 293— total aS,73S. 
CapiUd : Ithaca. Public Worku : Cayuga and Ithaca U. R. 
Tompkins, u and p. o., Jackson county, Jfirh.: 24 m. S. 
Lan^ing. Draine t by Grand r. and Samlstone er., a branch 
of same. The inhabitants are mainly engaged in farming. 
It has 1 steam saw-milL Pop. in 1S40, 2-9; in 1550. 6i3. 

ToMi'KissviLLE, p. o., Chndaw CO.. Ala. : on W. aide of 
Tondjigbee r., 105 m. W. by S. Montgomery. 

ToMFKissviLLR. p. v., and cap. Monroe county. A"//. ; on 
small branch of Big Barren r.. Ill m. S. S. W. Fr.-inklbrt. 
It ci>nlaiiis the county buildings, etc. Pop. about 24ff. 

ToMPKiNsviLLK. p. v.. Richmond county, iVl }'. .• on N E. 
part of SuUen Island, ^ miles 8. W. by S. City Ilall, N«'W 
York, 140 m. S. by W. Albany. It occupies a very beauti- 



ful site, overlooking New York bay, the Narrows, etc., and 
contains many fine residences, with 3 churches, etc. Steam 
ferry boats ply hourly to New Y'orb. It is chiefly noted for 
containing Ihe Quarantine Station of New York. The 
ground appropriated for the purposes of a lazaretto has a 
frontage on the bay of about 1,400 feet, and extends back 
1,200 feet. It is inclosed by a high brick wall, and includes 
suitable hospitals for the sick, and oflicesfor physicians and 
others emplnyed at the quaTanline. The largest hospital, 
that for fever patienta. is nearest the water; it is constructed 
of brick, 3 stories high, 136 feet long by 2S feet wide. The 
hospital for convalescents, on rising ground above, is of 
brick, 3 stories high. 50 feet long, 45 feet high, with 3 wings 
66 by 26 feet each. The sraall-pox hospitid is 2 stories high, 
SO feet long. 2S feet wide, and generally has the largest 
number of patients. There are other hospital buildings for 
varinus diseases, all of which are built of brick, with open 
galleries. 

Tom's Brook, p. v., Shenandoah county, Yirg.: 118 m, 
N. N. W. Richmond. 

Tom's Ckbek, p. o., Surry co., K Car, : on creek of same 
name, IIS m. W. N. W. Ualeigh. 

Tom's River, p. v., and cap. Ocean co., N. Jer. : on Tom'3 
r., at head of Tom's r. bay, 35 m. S. E. by E. Trenton. 

ToMsviLLE, p. v., Chester dist., S, Car. : on N. side of 
branch of Broad r., 5S ra. N. by W. Columbia. 

ToNAWANDA. t., p. v., and sta., Erie co., ^V: Y. : 269 m, 
Vf. by N. Albany. Surface of I. level ; soil fertile. Drained 
by Tonawanda creek. Grand island belongs to this town. 
The village is situated on E. side of Niagara r.. at mouth of 
Tonawanda creek. Through it pass the Erie Canal ; Buffalo 
and Niagara Falls R. R., 11 m. from Buffalo, and U miles 
from Niagara Falls; and the Buff.di> and Lockport R. R. 
From the dam here in the creek there are outlet locks to 
Niagara ri\fr. It has a good harbor for steamboats and 
other Vessels. Ctmsiderable manufacturing is carried on. 
The " T. Coraniercial" (neut.) is published weekly. Pop. 
of t in 1S40, 1,261 ; in 1S50, 2.072. 

To.NTUNE, p. o., Steuben county, 2f. Y. : 183 m. W. by S. 
Albany. 

Tooele county, Utah Ter. Extends from the W. bound- 
ary of Salt Lake and Utah counties to the Californian line, 
and contains about 18,000 sq. m. It is crossed by Hum- 
boldt and other mountains, and in the W. are Mud and 
Humboldt lakes, which receive many streams, but have no 
outlets. It is a fine farming region. Farms 27 ; manuf. 0; 
dwell. 33. and pop.— wh. 152, fr. co!. 0, si. 0— total 152. 
CapiUd : Tooele City. 

Tooele, p. v., and cap. Tooele co., Utah Ter.: 30 m. "W. 
Salt Lake City. 

Toolky's, p. 0., Concordia parish, La. : 76 miles N. N. W. 
Baton l!ouge. 

TooLsaoRo', p. o., Louisa co., Ta. : 42 m. S. E. by S. Iowa 
City. 

Tool's Point, p. o., Jasper co., Jit. : 72 m. "W. Iowa City. 

TooMSB'iuo', p. o., "Wilkinson county, Ga.: 20 miles B. 
Milled geville. 

Topsail Sound, p. o.. New Hanover co., K Car. : 106 m. 
S. S. E. Raleigh. 

TopsFiELD, t and p. v., Washington county, Me. : 131 m. 

N. E. Ai'gt'sla- ^'"P- "f ^- 2'^^- 

TopsFiRLo. t. an<i p. v., Essex co., Ma.?s.: 20 m. N.'by E. 
Boston. Surface diversified. Drained by Ipswich r. First 
settled in 1639; incorporateil in 1650. The village contains 
a church, acadeniy. and some handsome dwellings. Boots 
and slines are anmng Ihe principal manufactures. Popula- 
tion of t. 1,171. 

T»)i'sn.\M, t., p. v.. and one of the caps. Lincoln co., 3fe. 
2"i m. S. S. W. Augusta. Boun^ied K. by Kennebec river 
and S. and W. by the v^ndrosciggin, which affords great 
water-power, and extensive fac'Hities for navigation and 
fthip-liuilding. Saw-mills are numerous, and lumber is 
largely expt)rled. The v. contains a court-house, 1 bank, 

855 



TOP 



cap. $50,000, churches, etc Through i, pa,,e, th,- Kenne- 
bee and Portland 1!. E., 2S mile, from P„rtla„d, S2 m from 
Augusta. It IS connected by a eubstai.tial bridge with 
Brunswick, situated on the opposite side of the Androscoe- 
gin. Pop. of t. in ISW, l,ss3 ; in 1850, 2,010. 

TofSHA-vt. I. and p. v.. Orange county, ^rm. : 20 miles 
8. E. by i,. Monlpelier. Surface elont.-d, uneven, and 
elony. Watered by head branches of Waifs r.. «hicl, f^r- 
msh «-ater-power to numerous mills. The I. also contains 
Beveral tanneries, and other manufactories. Granite", 
found abundantly. First setUed in 1781. Pop 1 6C3, 

comm^r '"'"' '""'''" ''"^"' *• ^"'■■•- ■^' ""'- N. 

Torch, p. o., Athens co.. Ohio : 69 m. S. E. Columbus. 
Eouge!'' ''■ "■' *"''"" '"'™''' ^"- ■' ^"'^ ""■ "^- ^- ■>^'- J^"'™ 

H^tford""™'"' ^' ''■' '-""'"'''*' ™- ^o""- ■■ 22 m- W. by N. 
ToEKiNGTON, t. and p. v., Litchfield county, Con,,. .- 26 m 

W. by N. Hartford. Surface uneven. Drained by Naug^I 
tuck r,ver and its branches. The Naugatuck II. R. ^^l 
«.ough ,^ E. part, having stations ,t the dourfsWng 
n^ nufactunng V. of Wolcoltville (which see), and a. Burr 

large quantities of agricultural and dairy pro<luctio„, con- 

itri^le.""'" ""' "'"'• ^"P- "' '• '° ^^«' ' '"^Hn 

TosNoT, sla., Edgecombe co., ^r. Car ■ nn wn„- . 
^d Weldoo E. H., 108 .U. .l^'^'^^^.^L'^^Tl 

^^.Ti%':£2'- "■' ''''"' '="™'^- ^-«-- ^^^ -"- 

AlbanT'""' "■ "' ^''""°°'"* ""•' ^- ^ •■ '^ ■°- 8- "y W- 

in summer from Mobile, etc. 

TocLON, p. v., and cap. Stark co., III. .• 85 m N bv W 
Springfleld. Situ.ated on the border of a prai^; tartTe 
head of a small stream ; it is a pleasant, healthy place eo„ 
taming the county buildings, etc 

MiXtX' "■ "•' '"'" ^™"'^' ''''•■■ « »• ^- ^- ^• 
ToWANDA, t., p. b., and cap. Bradford co., />«„ • on W 

Brained by the above ..re:;: an^S^gr' r'TSrs 
bituminous coal. The b on ii.o «„. t " "-oniams 

grated inis2s, and ::;;™t^:^:^::jarr 

tannery, and other manufacturing establishments Tlfre; 
newspapers are issued weekly-" B. Eenorter" fr.e n 

Tower Hnj., p. a, Washington county, .S. 7 • 8 m W 
Newport. ■ "■ 

Alba'n '■^''^"^' ''■ ''■' ^'™''™ ''''•' ■'^^ ^- ■' '^^ "■ ■""• ^y 8- 

Town Bi.rFr, p. „., Tyler county, Tex. : on W. bank of 
Neches r., 216 m. E. by N. Austin City. 

Town Creek, U. s. collection district, Md.: had, on the 
SOlh .Tunc, 1850, a total tonnage of 2,22T tons, all of which 
was enrolled and licensed, permanent, and cmploved in the 
coastmg trade. During the year preceding, it had no for- 
eign commerce or ship-building. 

TowNRR's, p. o., Pulnam co., Jf. ri; 82 m. S. Albany. 

Town HiLi., p. 0., Luzerne county, Pmn.: 80 m N E 
Harrisburg. 
856 



TRA 



' ^'^y'-i' <>'; ' "v. .■ 220 m. W. by 8- 



Tow.N IIOUSE, p. 

Richmond. 

and";c;'T:?k'ci:yn p'la TvT- \''-- °" ''"•^'■'» 

W. Albany. ' "' ^- '""" ^»«''''>; 2M m- 

Tow.vsnrRT, p. y., Warren co., if. Jer.: on both ,i,le, of 

^pi;^;:t-ra:;z:ra::::^-"^^'^ 

by S,uant,c«,k r. and branches flowing into N=«hua r 
The L contains three flourishing villages, thro„grwhieh 
pa.,s.-s the Peterboro- and Shiriey K. P.. ' T he V aT I e 

Al^nlir'™' *■■ °" '""""°« •"'■' ^- ^•■- '«« ■>'• '"'■ by 8. 

TowNSEN-n t and p. o., Sandusky co., Ohio: on S. side 

of Sandusky b.ay, 96 m. N. Columbus. The inhabilantsTre 

3?'^;"^ w" T'' w™' P- "■ ^""^ ^'•■'- Middlesex- co., Mas.. : 
P ?'n; ./ \ ''""""• ■^"^ I'''"^^''"'»' =""' Shirley 

Th 7^ '' ''' "^ "'"^" " » ^^^ ">• f-"' B"'<™- 

mn,s,lrerer"' '°'' """'""""" "' ^"'"'""'"^ -™"" 

AlbZ '"'^'"'*''"''^' ''• "■' ^'"""''- '^"""'J'- ^- ^- ■■ 1«« m- W. 
TowNsuENi,, t. and p. v., Windham co., re,-m. .- 88 ra 8 

waTred bv W r^r""""'"'"' '"'=™'-^" »'"' "-P »"'' 
the F hn'o^^'r '• 5'""'"^ '^^ ^- ""■""S" it centrally, upon 
hL h . ''■""''' "■" ^- '' »'"'»'"'- containing 2 
churehes and an excellent academy. The t. contains seve- 
ral tanneries, gnst and saw mills. Pop. of t 1 .354 

Tow.NTiLLE p. o., Anderson dist., S. Cur. : on N. side of 
Savannah r., lir m. W. N. W. Columbia 

Towso.NTowN, p. 0., Baltimore co„ m. .• 2S m N bv W 
Annapolis. ' ■' 

r., 81 m. N. E. by N. Indianapolis. 

TaACT's Landing, p. v., Anne Arundel Co., MJ. ; 18 m 
S. by W. Annapolis. 

TRADErjiv.LLE, p. v., Madison co., Ohio: 25 m W hv « 
Columbus. ■• ij o. 

Tbaoe-s Hill, p. o., Chatham co., K Car. : on New Hope 

Tranquility, p. o., Granville county, S. Car.: 26 m N 
Raleigh. * * 

TRANQtriLiTT, p. 0., Susse.x CO., iV. Jer. : 66 m. N. Trenton 

TEANQnLtTT, p. o., Adams co., Ohio.- 76 m. 8 bv W 
Columbus. ' 

TisANQtriLLiA, p. o., Jones Co., Ga. : a littlo N. of branch 
of Oconee r., 20 m. W. by N. Milledgeville. 

Transit, p. a, Genesee co., Jf: r.: 2sr in. Vf bv M 
Albany. •" 

TcANsiT BEroGE, p. a, Alleghanv county, X T ■ «9i m 
W. by S. Allrany. ' " ' ' 

Transparent lake, M T. : lie, partly in Hamilton and 
partly in Herkimer counties, S3 m. N. W. Albany It i, 5 m 
long and 2 m. wide. 11^ waters, noted for their clearness' 
abound with salmon, trout, etc.. of v,ry large size and deli^ 
wirg imr " *" ""'"""'^"^ ^^ « ^'W "^•fc'i™. abounding 

Trap Hill, p. o., Wilkes ca, X. Ca,: : 149 m. W. by N 

Trappe, p. v., Talbot ca, 3ia. : 82 m. S. E. Annapoliii 
Trappe, p. v., Montgomery county, P«,„... 78 m. E 
Harrisburg. « i«- j,. 

Jalksra'"^"' ""■ "" ^"''°'"' ™''°'^' ^^'■■' ™ "^ E. N. E. 



TRA 



TRE 



Thask, p. o., Grant eo., Imh : 61 in. N. N. E.In<lianap'<li3. 
Tbaveli.kk's Ii^:posE, p. o., Pocaliontas CO., Virg. : 145 m. 
W. N. W. Riclinion.i. 

Tf.avri.lkr's Repose, p. o., Franklin co., J/o. ; on E. 
eiilc of B"url>euse cr., 65 m. E. by S. Jofferson Cily. 

TnAVELT-EB's Kest. p. V., Dooly CO., (?a. : about 2J m. E. 
Fliot r.. T5 m. S. W. Milledgpville. 

Tbavelleu's Uest, p. 0., Coosa county, Alu.: 27 m. N. 
MoiUsoiiiery. 

Tp.AVELr.Ei:'s Rest. p. o., Greenville dist,, S. Car,: 99 m. 
N. "W. Couiiibia. 

Travei:se T)e Stoux, p. v., Dakota county, Jtflnn. Ter.: 
eiliuileil "n Minni sola r.,-by which It is ^2 m. from St. Paul ; 
in ilin-cl f<inrse about 5t> m. W. S.W. St. Paul. It was I.iid 
out in 1S52. In the spring of ISS-i it ront;iinr'd 3 trading 
houses. Sfveral stores, etc., with gooii prospects of increasiug 
trade. 

TrtAVis county, Tea>. Situate centrally, and contains 
about 1,000 sq. m. The Rio Colorado passes centrally 
thrnugh it, by which and its affluents it is drained. To the 
N. W. is an extensive territory, which is attached to the co. 
Surface varied : in the northern portinns, hills and valli'ys 
being inter^p^'^sed. while in the southern it extemls iulo 
broad, level plains, resembling the rich prnlrte lands of the 
adjr>ining territory. Soil feriile, and consists chirfly of a 
dei-p blai-k mold, which is generally very productive. 
Farms 140 ; manuf. 1 ; dwell. 42.3. and pop.— wh. 2,336, fr. 
col. 1],?1 TI>l—toiaI 3,138. Cupitnl: Austin. 

Travis, p. o., Austin co., TfX. : in the N. part of the co., 
S6 m. E. by S. Auslin City. 

Tratloksvilt-e. p. o., Uenry co., Vinj. : on branch of 
Dan r.. 14S m. W. S. W. Richmond. 

Treapway, p. 0., Barnwell dist., S. Car.: 5S ra. S. S. W. 
Columbia. 

Tkeibi.evti.le, p. v., Monroe county, Peiui. : 94 m. N. E. 
Ilarrrsburg. 

Trep hlersville, p. v., Lehigh co., Penn. : T2 m. E. N. E. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Tr.EMAiNviLLE, p. V., Liicas CO., Oldo: 99 m. N. by W. 
Columi)us. 

Tr.EMONT, p. v.. and cap. Tazewell co., ///. .■ ,50 m. N. by E. 
Springtlidd. It is pleasantly situated on a heantiful elevatci! 
prairie, and is a place of considerable trade. It wjia laid 
out in IS.Sd. It contains the court-house and jail, stores, etc. 
Tp.EMONT. t.. p. v.. ;md sta.. Schuylkill co.. Pnnt.: 32 nv 
N. E. H:irrrsliurir. This t. and vieiniiy aboutid with coal 
The Mine Hill R. R. extends to this f.lace, 12 in. from 
Schuylkill Ilavi'ii. The following siatlslies of deaU-rs iu 
coal at this place are for the year enrling .June 30, ISoft: 

C„,10p..«on,. ^;i;;;^ '^'^ ^™-;_ V.,ue. 

Levi S. S|iangler.. . $10.)ioO $6t;7 $21.iiOO $42,000 

Henry Kekcl 17,000 1.66T 30.000 en.OUO 

Tremont. p. v. and sta., Clark co., Ohio: on Mad River 
and Lake Krie R. R.. 127 ni. from Sandusky, 7 m. from 
Springfield. 46 in. W. C-dumlms. 

Tremont, Land p. o., Hancock county. 3fr.: 72 m. E. 
Augusta. It comprises the S. W. part of iMount Desert 
island. Pop. 1.425. 

Trenton, p. v . ■Ta'-kson co.. A)it.: on W. side of Point 
Eock r.. a intiut^iry ofTenne.ssee r , 164 m. N. Montgomery. 

Trenton, p. v., and cap. Dade co.. G<i.: on W. side of 
branch of Tennessee r., 192 m. N. W. Milledgeville. It 
contains a court-liousi>, jail, etc., and several dwe'ling-^. 

Trenton, p. v., Henry county, la. : 40 m. S. by W. 
Iowa City. 

Tp.enton. p. o.. Waehita parish, La. : \m m. N. N. W. 
Batm Rouge. 

Trkniov. p. o.. li-'indnlph county, /»//. ; 60 m. E. N.'e. 
Indianapulis. 

Tken-ton. p. v.. Tod.l county. Ay.; 167 m. S. W. by W. 
Fr;inUr..rt. 

Tee^ton, p. v., Wayne co., MicJu : on W. channel of 

M5 



Detroit strait, 79 m. S. E. by E. Lansing. It has consider- 
able lake trade. Exports in 1S4S, $25,554; imports, do., 
$7,325. Total value of exports and imports in 1848. $32,879. 
Trenton, p. v., and cap. Grundy co., Mo. : on E. side of 
Crookci! fork of Grand r., 131 m. N. W. by "W. Jeffersim 
Cily. It contains the county buildings and several dwellings. 
Trenton, p. cily, and cap. Mercer co., 27. Jfr., and cap. of 
the State of New Jersey: is situated on the E. side of Dela- 
ware r., at the mouth of Assunpink cr., opposite the lower 
falls, and at the heaii of steamboat and sloop navigation. 
Lat. 40° 14' N.. long. 74° 46'- S(i" W. from Greenwich, and 
20 15' E. from ■V^*a^hington. Its distance by the most direct 
railroad from Bo-^ton is 2i)3 m., from New York 5S m., from 
Philadelphia 29 m., from Baltimore 127 m., from Washing- 
ton 165 m. 

The city is pleasantly located on ground somewh.it un- 
even, and is laid out with general ri'gularily. Many of the 
public buildings are handsome edifices. The State House, 
beautifully situated near the Delaware, commanding a fine 
view of it and of the vicinity, is built of stone, 100 feet long 
and 60 feet wide, and stuccoed to resemble granite, with a 
handsome portico ofGcolunini*, and beautiful dome. The pub- 
lic offices are fire-proof buildings. The Governor's House 
is a plain but commotlious building. The Court-house is 
a handsome edifice of brick, stuccoed, in Grecian architec- 
ture, with a portico of Ionic columns at each end, and sur- 
mounted with a balcony. Tlie State Lunatic Asylum is a 
very fine building, with ample grounds, etc. It was opened 
for patients May 15, 1848. In Jaimary 1, 1851, it contained 
162 patients (S6 males and 76 females). During 1S51 it ro- 
ceivcd 102 and discharged 93 patients, leaving on January 
1. 1^52, 171. The e.xpenses of the asylum during 1^51 were 
?27,170, receipts $22,076. The State Prison, in South Tren- 
ton, is well situated in an area of 4 acres, inclosed by walla 
3 feet thick and 2') feet high.. The number of prisoners ou 
December 31, 1850, was 210, on December 31. 1851, 207. 
Earnings of the prison in 1S51, $18,69S, expenses of do. 
$11,853. balance paid the St:ite $6.S40. The city also con- 
tains a public library, established in 1750, a lyceum, and 10 
churches. Newsp.npers in 1S50— "True American" (dem.), 
"Trentonian," and " New Jersey Strde Gazette,-' each pub- 
lished daily and weekly; also the ''New Jersey Weekly 
Visitor." 

The railroad and steamboat connections of Trenton have 
made it a great thoroughfare and ilie centre of extensive 
trade. The New Jersey R. R. here connects with the Pliil- 
adelphia and Trenton R. R., constituting the principal route 
between New York and Philadelphia. The Trenton Branch 
R. R. extends hence to Bordentown, C m., connecting with 
Camden and Amboy R. R. The Belvidere Delaware 
R. R. cxt<?ids hence to Belvidere, Go in. The Delaware 
and Rarilan Can:il aff'ords sloop navigation from Brunswick 
to this place. It is 42 m. long, 75 f.-et wi.le, 7 feet deep, 
an'l was finished in 1834 at a C(»st of .$2.0(!0,5l)0. It is here 
entered by a fee«ler taken from the Delaware. 23 m. above 
the city, and crosses the Assunpink cr. in a fine stone i.que- 
ducL The Delaware r. is navigable above the falls at 
Trenton, for large boats, as far as Easton, which a<lds much 
to the commercial advaniiiges of the city. 

Trenton possesses a flue site for manufacturing purposes, 
with abundance of p.-rmaneni water-powL-r. r>btained from 
the f;dls on the D(-taware, and greatly increased by artificial 
means; also some water-power fu^^i^hed by Assunpink or 
.\mong the principal manufactures are pajx-r, Icailier, and 
lumber : there are also several flouring, grist, and saw mills, 
with various other establishments. The city contains two 
Imnks, with an agsregate capital of $310.iki0. The Dela 
ware r, is here cro>tse<i by an excellent covered bridge^ 
l.lno feet Ions, resting on 5 arches supported by stone piera, 
which was built in 1S06 at a cost of $180,000. The adjoin- 
ing villages of Mill Hill. Bloomsbury. and Lamberton are 
sul)uri's of the city. Trent<m w.is fir>t settled about the year 
1720, an'l was incorporated as a city in 1792. It is memor- 

857 



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TRI 



able fnr Ihe " Baltic of Trenton," ou the night of December 
25lh, 1T7(», when Gen. Washington crossed the Delaware, 
and suddenly captured 1,U00 Hessians of the British army, 
which signal event, in that gloomy period of the Revolu- 
tion, greatly encouraged the American forces. Pop. in 
1S4(), 4.035 ; in lS5ii, G,766. 

Trknton, p. v., and cap. Jones co., JVi Car. : on S. sido 
of Trent r, 82 m. S. E. Kaleigh. It contains a court-house, 
jail, stores, etc. Pop. about 125. 

Trenton, p. v. and aia., Butler co., Ohio. : on W. side of 
Miami r., S2 ra. W. S. W. Columbus. The Cincinnati, 
Hamilton, and Dayton K. K. passes through, 33 m. from 
Cincinnati, 27 m. from Dayton. ■ 

Tkenton, t. and p. v., Oneida county, IT. Y. : 86 m. 
N. "W by W. Albany. Surface hilly ; soil clay loam, and 
fertile. Drained by Nine Mile and West Canada creeks. 
The town contains several villages, of which the principal 
aro Trent()n and Trenton Falb — the former, near the centre 
of the town, 13 m. N. from Ulica, was incorporated in 1S19, 
and contains about 450 inhabitants, 2 churches, with taverns, 
stores, etc. Pop. of t. 3,540. 

Teestok, p. v., and cap. Gibson co., Tenn. : on S. branch 
of Forked Deer r., 12M m. W. Nashville. It contains a 
court-house, jail, 2 churches, stores, etc., and a branch of 
the Bank of Tennessee, with a capital of $254,208. The 
" Star Spangled Banner'' (whig) is published weekly. Pop. 
about 750. 

Trenton, t and p. o., Dodge co., Wise. : 45 m. N. E. by N. 
Madison. Pop. 997. 

Trenton Corners, p. 0., Dodge county, Wise: 46 m. 
N. E. by N. Madison. 

Trenton Falls, p. v., Oneida county, y. Y. : at Trenton 
Falls, on West Canada cr., 84 m. N. W. by W. Albany. 
These falls are six in number and separate. All these are 
formed by solid reefs of rocks which cross the bed of the 
stream. The first, called the Upper, decends 20 feet per- 
pendicular; the second, the Cascades, IS feet; the third, 
the Mill Dam, 14 feet; the fourth, the High Falls, which 
have three separate cascades of4S,ll,and 37 feet; the fiflh, 
Sherman's, 35 feet; the sixth, Conrad's, 15 feet, terminates 
the ravine, where is a mill dam. Besides these falls there 
are several raceways, from 10 to 20 rods long, through 
which the water flows very rapidly. The entire descent of 
the stream, from the top of the Upper Fall to the foot of 
Conrad's Fall, is 312 feet, and the distance is about 2 m. 
The ravine through which the creek passes is often 100 feet 
deep, with banks of s'one almost perpendicular. The 
scenerj- thus presented is wild, picturesque, and beautiful, 
and when the water is high, is of much grandeur. The 
country adjoining is mostly covered with forest trees, thus 
retaining fur the ravine its primeval appearance, which. In 
fact, constitutes the greatest charm of these falls. The 
number of visitors is very large. These are accommodated 
in first-class style by an excellent hotel. 

Teevillian's Dei'Ot. p. o. and sta., Louisa co., Yirg.: 
42 m. N. W. Richmond. The Virginia Central E. R. passes 
through it, 67 m. from Richmond. 

Tkevouton, p. 0., Northumberland CO., Penn.: 83 m. 
N. by E. Hiirrisburg. 

Tr.EXLEETowN, p. v., Lehigh co., Penn. : 69 m, E. N". E. 
Harrisburg. 

TniADEt.i'HiA, p. v., Montgomery co., Md. : on PaluxenI r., 
88 m. W. N. W. Annapolis. It contains a cotton factory, 
and is surrounded by a beautiful country. 

Tr.iADELPiHA, p. v., Ohio county, Virg,: 248 m. N. W. 
Eichnioiid. Pop. 242. 

TEiAnixi'uiA, p. v., Morgan co., Ohio: 66 m. W. S. W. 
Columbus. 

Tr.iANA. p. v., Madison co., Ala. : on N. side of Tennessee 
r., at the mouth of Indian cr., 156 m. N. by W. Montgomery. 

TitiANiiLE, t. and p. v., Broome county, N. Y. : 116 m. 
W. by S. Albany. Drained by Olselic and Tioughnioga 
rivers, wliich here unite. Surface hilly. It contains several 
855' 



milts, stores, etc. The v. is located on a branch of tho 
Tioughnioga r. Pop. oft 1, 72S. 

Tribe's Hin., p. v., Montgomery co., K. Y.: ou N. bank 
of the Mohawk r., 34 m, N. W. by W, Albany. The Ulica 
and Schenectady R. R. passes through the v., 56 ra. E. Ulica. 

Trice's Store, p. o., Orange co., N. Car.: 30 m. N. W. 
Raleigh, 

Trier, p. o., Bexar CO., Tfer. ; 134 m. S. W. Austin City. 

Trigg county, Ky. Situated S. toward tho W., and con- 
tains 356 sq. m. Drained by Little r. and its branches, 
which enttsr the Cumberland r. Surface undulating; soil 
fertile. Chief productions, tobacco, cotton, wheat, and In- 
dian com. It is bounded on the W. by Tennessee r. Farms 
843 ; manuf. 37 ; dwell. 1,2S1, and pop.— wh. 7,252, tt. cot. SO, 
si, 2,797— total 10,129. Capital: Cadiz. 

Trimble county, Ky. Situate N., and contains 127 sq. m. 
Drained by Little Kentucky and small tributaries of (he 
Ohio. Surface undulating, and presenting high bluffs ua. 
the shore of the Ohio; soil generally fertile Chief produc- 
tions, tobacco and Indian corn. Farms 469; manuf. 19; 
dwell. 865, and pop.— wh. 4,997, fr. col. 25, si. 941— total 
5,963. Capitul: Bedford. 

Trimble, L and p. o., Athena co.^ Ohio: 55 m. S. E. Cfv 
lumbus. Drained by Sunday cr., branch of llockhocking r. 
Pop. 924. 

Trinity county, Calif. Situate between the Cascade 
Range and the Pacific, and between 40° and 41^ N. lat. 
Drained by Trinity r., a branch of Klamath r, and Eel r., 
which empties into the ocean. Humboldt bay is in the 
N. W. corner of the co. Surface considerably broken — in 
the E. hilly, and many of the summits of the range are very 
lofly. ML Linn is the highest peak. Pop. in 1S52, 1,764 : 
whites 1,764 — males 1,741, and females 23 ; negroes 6 ; mu- 
lattoesS; Indians (domesticated) 4; foreign residents l.'io, 
of which only 5 were females. Over 21 years of age: 1.491 
citizens, 5 negroes, 6 nmlattoes, 3 Indians, and 13S foreign 
residents. Land under cultivation, 275 acres. Capital em- 
ployed : in placer mining, $34,440 ; in other mining, $2S,S20 ; 
and fur other purposes, $201,117. Capital : Humboldt City. 

Trinity county, Tex. Situate toward the E., and con- 
tains 9SS sq. m. Drained by Big Pine cr. anil affluents of 
Trinity r., which forms its S. W. boundary. Surface undu- 
lating, and presents a surface of gently-swelling lands, 
thickly covered with pine forest. Soil fertile, and adapted 
to cotton, corn, and potatoes. As yet, the land has been 
but little cultivated, and but few of its agricultural resources 
developed. Capital: Trinity C. H. 

Trinity, p. o., Chatahoula par.. La. ; on W. side of 
Wachita r., SS m. N. N. W. Baton Rouge. 

Trinity, p. o., Mnrgan county, Ala.: 144 m. N. by W. 
Montgomery. 

Trinity river, Tev^.: is formed by a number of streams 
uniting in Dallas county, in a forest called the Cross Tim- 
bers; flows S. E., and empties into Galveston bay. It lias 
numerous branches, and in its course atTords excellent 
water-power. 

Trinity river, Klamath co., Calif.: rises in the Cnaat 
Range Mountains, in E. part of the co., flows S. W. int^i 
Trinity, where it receives Panther creek. \>h«-n it taki-s a 
N. W. course and empties in the Klamatli river. Gold is 
found in all parts of its val ey. 

Tkinity Springs, p. o., Martin co., /nt/. .■ on E. side of 
While r., 73 m. S. S. W. Inilianapolis. 

Trinity valley. Klamath co., Calif. : 195 m. N. by W. 
Vallejo. A portion of this valley is set apart as an Indian 
reservation. 

Tkion, p. o., Jefferson co., Tenn. : 1S3 m. E. Nashville. 

Trion. p. o., Tuscaloosa co., Ala. : on a small branch of 
Black Warrior r., 79 ni. N. W. Montgomery. 

Trion Factory, p. o., Chatooga co., Ga. : 163 m. N. W. 
Milleiigeville. 

Trii'lett, p. o., Fleming co., Ky. : on cr. of same name 
73 m. E. by N. Frankfort. 



TRI 



TRO 



TitiPoLi, p. v., TishemiDgo co., Miss. : 200 m. N. E. by N. 
Jackson. 

Tkilne, p. v., Williamson county, Teim. : 13 m. S. by W. 
Nashville. 

Ti;ir.)Li, p. v., Peoria county, lil. : 62 m. N. by W. 
Springfli.'Ui. 

Tkoublesome, p. o., Rockingham county, JV". Cai'. : on 
Troublesoniu cr., ST m. N. W. lialeigh. It contains iron 
^rorks. 

Tkoup county, Oa.: situate W., and contains 417 sq. m. 
iJrainfil by Cliattahooehec r. and branches, of whicli Yel- 
low Jacket cr. is tiie principal. Surface undulating; aoil 
ferlile, and in general very productive. It is well adapted 
to cotton, of which a large quanlily is annually produced, 
and is the staple. "Wheat ami Indian corn are also raised. 
There is some good pine and other timber on the hmd. 
Farms 7S9; manuf. S; dwell. 1,21)5, and pop.~wh. 7,7S9, 
fr. col. 42, si. 9,043— total 16,879. Capital: La Grange. 
PuUic Works: La Grange K. li. 

Tkoup Faotoev, p. o., Troup county, Ga.: 106 m. W. 
Milledgeville. 

Troupskuro, t. and p. v., Steuben co., N. Y. : 199 m. 
S. W. by S. Albany. Drained by Cowenesque cr. Surface 
undulating. It has good water-power, and some mdl sites. 
The V. is on Cowenesque cr. Pop. of t. 1,754. 

TR'jtPViLLE, p. v., and cap. Lr)wndes co., G't. : on K. side 
of Withlacoochee r, 173 m. S- Milledgeville. It coulains 
Ihe couniy buildings, etc. 

Trousdale, p. o., Warren co., Tenn. : 56 m. E. S. E. 
Nashville. 

Trout island, Mich. : in the N. part of Lake Michigan, 
N. from Litlle Beaver Island. 

Trout Creek, p. o., Delaware co.,iV. Y. : 72 m. W. S. W. 
Albany. 

Trout Creee, p. o., Saint Clair co., Aid. : 93 m. N. 
Motitgomi-ry. 

Trout river, Fe^rwi. ; rises by the junction of several 
branches in Monig<miery, flows in a N. W. direction, and 
t-mjiliLS into tlie Missisqui, on the border of Enusburg and 
Berkshire. It is a gnod mill stream. 

Trout Hun, p. o. and sia., Lycoming co., Penn. : on the 
Williamsport and Elmira II. P., 10 m. N. from Wiltiams- 
port, and S2 m. N. liarrisburg. In the vicinity is a forge 
and a rttiling mill, the former producing annually 110 tons 
bar iron, and the latter 300 tons bars and nails, both operated 
by water-power. 

Troy, p. v., and cap. Pike co., Ala. : on small branch of 
Conecuh r., 40 m. S. S. E. Montgomery. It contains the 
county buil'iings, etc. 

Troy, p. o,, Chi-rnkee co., Ga. : on S. side of Etowah r., 
104 m. N. W. Milledgeville. 
Tkoy, p. o., Madison co., III. : 75 m. S. by W. Springfield. 
Tkov, p. v.. Perry co., Ind. : on the Ohio r., 6 m. below 
Cannelton, 103 m. S. S. W. Indianapolis. 

Troy, t. and p. v., Waldo co.. Mi". : 3G m. N. E. Augusta. 
Drained by branches of Sebaslicook r. Surface undulating, 
and well supplied with timber. Ii is a gMoU farming L, and 
produces an abundance of wheat, and there are some light 
manufactures. The v. is located centrally. Pup. oft. 1,4S4. 
Troy, t. and p. c, Oakland co.. Mirk. : 72 m. E. by S. 
Lansing. Drained by head branches of Red r., a tribulitry 
of ('linlnn r. It contains some manufactures. 

Tr.ov, p. o.. Yallabusha co., Mi8^. : 2 m. N. of Yallabuaha 
river, 106 m. N. by E. Jackson. 

Tp.' v, p v., Lincoln co., JA>.: on Cuivre r., 71 m. E. N. E. 
Jefferson Ciiy. It cnntains the county buildings, etc. 

Troy, I. and p. v., Cheshire co., y. Ifimp.: 44 m. S. W. 
Concord. Drained by affluents of Ashuelot r. It has s(.me 
manufacturcH. but il is cbiefiy an agricultural town. The v. 
is on Ihe Cheshire R. It., 10 m. S. K. Keene. Pop. oft. 759. 
Troy, p. eily. and cap. Rensselaer co., JV. 5* ; on K. si<ic 
of Iludsiin r.. 6 m. N. by E. Albany. Lat. 42° 44' N. ; long 
73^ 40' W. It is built chiefly upon an alluvial fiat, extend- 



ing along the r. for about 3 m., and \\ m. broad, and partly 
upon the hills in the E. part of ihe city limits. Il is very 
regularly laiil out, with streets crossing at right angles, 
which are generally 60 feel wide, ornamented with fine 
shade trees, well pavi-d, with good side walks, and kept 
remarkably clean. The main business street, called River 
Street, conforming to ihe Hudson river, is, however, some- 
what curved. The city plat is somewhat elevated above [he 
river, affording good drainage. The high hills (nf which 
the i)rincipal summits are called Mount Ma and Mount 
Olympus) afford most extensi\e and di-Iighit'id jtrnsiii-cts, 
embracing the cily of Albany, the villages uf West Troy, 
Lansingburg, Waterford, and Cohoes, the Cohois Falls, the 
Hudson r. and its beauliful valley for miles, a long extent 
of the Erie Canal, witti the various railroads here center- 
ing, combining a variety of the most interesting scenery, 
rarely presented in the vicinity of any large city. From 
these hills descend two considerable streams, I'oeslcnkill 
and Wynantskill, wJiich have picturesque cataracts and cas- 
cades, and afford very great water-power to numerous mills, 
factories, etc. The blocks of stores and houses are g-nerally 
built of brick, witli considerable regularity and much taste. 
The more retired sirecls contain many elegant dwellings, 
surrounded by flower gardens, etc. The city is liglited with 
gas, and supplied with water from Piscawin ereek, of which 
the reservoir, situated in the N. part, and about i m. E. of 
the Hudson, is 90 feet above tide water, and thus naturally 
forcing the water above the highest houses, ren<ler.'* it most 
serviceable for every purpose. Of the public buildings the 
court-house is the most splendid ; it is built of Sing Sing 
marble, in Grecian architecture, with flue front of the Doric 
order. Several of the church edifices are cosily structures, 
Ttie principal market buildings are welt-built and very 
comnu)dious. Holds of large size are numerous, and sev- 
eral of those of the flrst class are noted for excellent accom- 
modations. The Troy Cily Hospital, uiuler tlie direcliou 
often Sisters of Charity, has four attending physicians, aud 
received during the year 1S51-52, G39 patients. 

Much attention is given to general education in the public 
schools and other acaiU-mics. The Trny Female Seminary 
is one of the most po])ular institutions of the kind in the 
Union. It was established in 1S21 (havitig bt-en com- 
menced in Middlebury, Vermont, in 1314, and removed to 
Waterford in IS21), at which time it received from the city 
corporation .$4,000 for the erection of suitable buddings. U 
is beautifully situated in llie central part of the city, with 
finely ornamented grounds, commodious buildings, etc. 
The Renssalaer Institute is a polytechnic school of high 
repute. The Young Men's Association has a large library 
atid n-ading room, with cabinet of curiosities, etc., and 
annual courses of lectures. The Lyceum of Naturd History 
have valuable cabinels, a good library, etc. New>papers in 
1350, "Northern Budget" (dem.) daily, and 4 weeklies, 
"Troy Whig," "Troy Post." *' Family Journal" (,teiup.},and 
"New York State Republican" (whig). 

Troy is pre-eminently distinguishe<l for the business en- 
terprise of its capitalists and citizens generally. Its situation 
for trade and commerce has some natural advaniages, but 
these have been wonderfully improved am! increased by 
the various important railroads and canals which, centering 
here, have made this a great thoroughfare of travel and 
trade, and developed Ihe manufacturing interests of Iho 
city. It directly connects by the Hudson with Ilu" Erie Ca- 
nal at West Troy directly opposite, and with the Cliamplaia 
Canal at Waterford. 4 m. above. The lines of railroad en- 
tering the cily are— Hudson River R. R. from New York, 
150 m- ; from Worcester, 156 m. ; from lJ<iston. '£()*) m. ; Troy 
and Uoston R. R., which is completed lo North Hoosick, 
27 m.. and ctmnccLs at F.agle Uri-ige with Rullaii'l and Wash- 
ington R. R.. aiui at North Iloosji-k with Troy aud lienuiiit^ 
ton R. R., an<l is in construelion to Greenfield. Mass. ; Rens- 
selaer ami Saratoga R. U., 82 ni. ; and Schenectady and 
Troy R. II., 20 m. ; all of which direlly connect with othei 

859 



TRO 



TRU 



extendea and impor.ant railroads. The railroad bridge 
Ic o"s Ihe Hudson is a flne strue.ure, 1,650 feet long. Troy 
is aulic luad of lidc-waler on Ihe Hudson, and of its natu- 
ral navigation. Steamboats, sloops, etc., come to its wharves. 
The trade of the city with New York is very great, employ- 
inc an aggregate of sever.-il hundred vessels, and daily 
ateaniboalsofthe first class |,Iy between the two cities Be- 
6iJe« the immense amounts of merchandise received from 
the railroads and canals, it also receives from the very fer- 
tile rural districts surrounding {with which it is well con- 
necl«d liy good plank and macadamized roads), very large 
amounts of agricul.unil and dairy produce, etc., for shipmeiU 
to New Vork and other markets. By means of the State 
dam sloop navigation is secured to Lansingluirg, etc. 

The manufactures of the city comprise nearly all the lead- 
ing branches of such industry, but the largest interests are 
those connected with iron, machinery, hardware, am ct.t- 
lery, etc. Cotton factories, tanneries, and flouring mills are 
numerous. There are also several breweries and paper fac- 
tories; and a large amount of capital is invested ■""""'"- 
ous luraber-vards. The railroad-car manufactory of taton, 
Gilbert, & Co. employs a very large number of operatives, 
and is of wide celebrity for the number and superior excel- 
lence of the cars made. The iron rolling mills and nail fac- 
tories in the city and suburbs are extensive establishments, 
as also those furnaces engaged in making stoves, castings 
f„r agricultural implements, etc. Immense water-power s 
here easily obtained from the two large streams .rom he 
hills on .he E., and from a dam near the N. boundary of the 
cilv built by the Slate across the Hudson, which makes a 
fall oflH feet, affording unlimited hydraulic power, besides 
securiu.- navigation to the river aliove. There are 6 banks n. 
Ihedtyrwith L aggregate capital of *1,T63,000 ; also several 
insurance compa.iies and institutions for savings. _ 

The first settlement of Troy was commenced about l.M, 
in which year Derick Vanderheyden leased 490 acres ol the 
proprietor of Rensselaerwyck. This grant now constilutes 
L- most densely populated portion of the city. This set_tW- 
menl bore the name of Vanderlieyden's Ferry until 1,^9. 
when it received its present name, and was then laid out. 
It was made the county seat in 1791, incorporated as a vilhige 
in 1T90, and as a city in 1816. In June, 1S20, a great con- 
flie-ration consumed the wealthiest and most important part 
of "the city. It recovered from this severe calamity in a lew 
■ years, has since r-apidly advanced in general prosperity, and 
'now promises to long retain its preset disunct.on as on 
of the most enterprising cities in the Union Pop m ISl , 
3,89,,; in l,20.6.i04; in 1830, 11,405; .n 18*"- l»-^«- "' 
1850, •2S,TS5. The large and thriving village of W est 1 roj , 
pop. T,5U, on the opposite side of the Hudson, though in 
Albanv CO., is in all business interests a part of Troy. 
Titov, p. o., Montgomery co., N. Car. : T5 m. W. S. W . 

"tii'ov'p v., ami cap. Miami co., Ohio: on the W. bank 
of the Great Miami r., 6-3 m. W. Columbus. It contains a 
courl-house of brick, jail, and other county buildings and 
publishes 2 weeklies, the "Troy Times" (;vbig ■ and 'The 
Touchstone" (F. S. D.) The Dayton and Michigan E. I.., 
Uie Cotmbus, re,.ua, and Indiana R U., and the Miant, 
Canal pass through this place. Pop. 1,956. ,„ ^ „ 

Tpov, t. and p. o., Bradford county, Penn W2m. N. 
HarrSmrg. Drained by Sugar cr. Surface hilly. It con- 
tains several mamifactories, etc. . , , 

T ov, p. v., and cap. Obion CO., Tenn. : on a branch of 
Obion r., 135 m. W. by N. NashvUle. It eonU.ns the co. 

'"T'ofp.t Davis CO., la. : 63 m. 6.W. by S. Iowa City^ 

Taov, t. and p. o., Walworth eo. ir»c. .• 50 ">■ E- S. E. 

Madison. Drained by Honey cr. It is an excellent farm- 

''"T;:v."'p.''v.r™ne county, TV..: 119 m. N. E. 

^TllTv^U^and p. v., Orleans co., Verm.: 46 m. N. by E. 
860 



Montpelier. Drained by Missisqui r. Surface level. Water- 
power is derived from the falls on llie Missisqui river, which 
pass down a ledge of rocks some 70 feeL Iron ore is found 
in the vicinity. It contains furnaces, f.irges. tanneries, 
mills, etc. The v. is on the W. side of Missisqui r. Top. 
oft. 1,008. 

Trov Centkk, p. o., Walworth co., Wise. : 52 m. E. S^. li. 
Madison. 

Trot Gkove, p. o., La Salle county. III. : on W. bank ot 
Little Vermillion r., IK! m. N. by E. Springfield. 

Troy Lake, p. o., Walworth CO., \Vi.ic.: 55 m. E. S. h. 

Madison. r^ ^ ,■- 

Taov Mills, p.o., Fulton co., TU. : on S. side of W. f.irk 

of Spoon r., a tributary of Illinois r., 70 m. N. W. by N. 

Springfield. 
Tbov'8 Stokk, P.O., Eandolph co., N. Car.: 62 m. W. 

Trucksville, p. o., Luzerne CO., Pmn. : 84 m. N. E. hy IN . 

Harrisburg. i, k w 

TBumsviLLE, p. o., Greenup co.. Ay. .■ 115 m. E. by N. 

Frankfort „ ,- loo w 

Tku-massbueo, p. v., Tompkins co., N. 3 . : Wi m. w. 

Albany. It contains several manufactories, consisting of 

carriages, lumber, iron, etc. 
Tkombauesville, p. v., Bucks CO.. Pen7U : 89 m. E. 

Harrisburg. , . . ooo 

Tbo,me,ji.l county, O/i to. Situate N. E., and contains 892 
sq m Drained by Mahoning r., and Shenango, Mill, and 
Musquito creeks, ami head branches of Grand river. Stir- 
face undulating, and pleasantly diversified. Soil fer ile, 
consisting of a deep mold, intermixed with sand and c ay 
and adapted to grair, which with wheat, oats, and potatoes 
form the staples. H exports beef, pork, butler, and cheese 
access being had to the Eastern markets by means of he 
M-ihonino Canal, a branch of the Pennsylvania and Ohio 
Canal, which passes through the county. Agriculture is the 
reading pursuit. Farms 2,753; manuf 1.53; dwcd . 6, 69, 
and poi,:-«h. 30.465, fr. col. »5-total 80.490. CapM: 
Warren. PiiUic Worls : Cleveland and Mahoning I.. P.. ; 
Pennsylvania and Ohio Canal. 

TaUMBaLL, t. and p. v., Fairfield county, Ton,,..- 46 m. 
S W by S. Harlford. Drained hy Pequannock r. Surface 
varied by hills and valleys. Grain and hay is raised Its 
manufaclures consist of woolen goods, lumber, etc. The v. 
is on the E. side of Pequannock river, near the Housiilonic 
KK which passes through the town. Pop. of t. 1,313. 

■tk^mbvll. t, and p. o„ Ashtabula Co., Ul.i,, : 153 m. N. E 
Columbus. Drained by a branch of Grand r. Organized 

inlSi5. Pop. 805. ,r v.144m 

fBU.MnL-LLCoENEiu5,p. 0., Tompkms CO., y. 3.. 144 m. 

W. by S. Albany. 

Tbl-mbull Losg HtLL. p. v., Fairfield CO., Co-m ; 49 m. 
S. W by S. Hartfor.l. It is the first land seen from the 
ocean in this direction. 

TBfSDLE-s Cp.083 F.oads, p. o., Scvicr CO., Tenn. . 16S m. 
E. by S. Nashville. t- o r. 

Tbubo, t. and p. v., Barnstable CO., JA<» .■ 56 m. E. S. E. 
Boston. It occupies the N. part of Cape Cod, having the 
Atlantic Ocean on the E. and Cape Cod bay on the W. 
Pimet r. sets in from the bay 3 ni long and about } of a m. 
wide The soil is light and sandy, Willi a very scanty 
growth of vegetation. The cod and mackerel fisheries are 
extensively carried on, from which the inhabitants derive 
their chief subsistence. Salt is extensively manufactured. 
There is a lighthouse ou the Highlands, on the N. K. coast, 
near North Truro village, lat. 42° 02' 23" N., and long. 
7(P 03' 65" W. ; heialil of lantern from the sea, ISO l\-eU 
The village is on the N. side of Pamet r. Pop. of t. 2,061. 

Tburo. p. o., Knox county, lU. : T6 m. N. N. W. 
Springfield. ,,,,., u 

Truss, p. o.. .Teffcrson co., Ala. : on S. Bide of head branch 
of Cahawbii r., 88 m, N. by W. Montgomery. _ 

Tkuxton, t. and p. v., Cortlandt co., 2f. Y. : 118 m. W. 



TRU 



TUO 



Albany. Draine<I by the Ti(iiig]mi'>j;a r. Surface umiu- 

lating. The manufiictures consisi of woolens, leulber, iron, 

lumber, elc. The v. is on the Tiotii^hnioga r.. anil eonlains 

several mills, sash factories, a funiaci.*, tannery, etc. Pup. 

of t 3.623. 
Trl'xtdk, p. o.. Bureau ca, lU. : 113 m. N. SpringfleM. 
TitvoN, p. o., RiilherronI co., N. Car.: on S. side of N. 
Pacoiel r.. 193 m. W. S. W. Kalcigh. 

TucKAKoE, p. v., Cape May county, K. J^r,: 60 m. S. 
Trenton. 

TucKAiioE, p. o., Jefferson county, Temi. : 193 m. E. 
Nashville. 

TucKAiroK. p. V. and sta., Westcheater county, A'. Y. : on 
the U:irl( m R. R., 20 m. from the City Hall, New York eiiy, 
and 153 m. S- Albany. 

TrcKALK.EriiEB Cove, p. o., Blount co., Tenn.: on S. 
Bide of Lillle r., 172 m. K. by S. Niishville. 

TucicASAGA, p. o., Mecklenburg co., iV. Car. : 120 m. 
"W. S. W. Ruleigh. 

TuoKEii's Cabin, p. o., Ilenr)- co., Ga. : GG m. W. N. TV. 
Milled geville. 

TrcKERToN, p. v., and port of entry for Little Egg Harbor 
district, Burlington Co., y. Jev.: on the Ailantic Ocean, at 
the head of Tuckertnn Mill cr., which empties Into the bay 
of Little Egg Harbor. 45 ra. S. E. by S. Trenton. It is well 
laid out, the streets crossiug at right angles, and lined with 
shaile trees. Salt is manufactured, anri wood and lumber 
are exported. Flat boats ascend the river from Litde Egg 
Harbor, 6 m. The enrolled and licensed tonti:ige for the 
year ending June 30. 1S50, was 6.1S3 ion?, all of whicli were 
engaged in the coasting trade. It is a phice of summer 
resort for sea bathing. 

TrrroxBoRo', t. and p. v., Carroll co., K. Hump.: 34 m. 
N. N. E. Concord. Winnipiseogee lake i'ounds it on the 
S. W., and presents a delightful prosjiei-U it has several 
ponds. The inhabitants arc generally engageii in farming, 
etc. First settled in 17S0; incorporaied in 17D5. Pop. (►f 
1. 1,-305. 

Tiro River, p. o., Tazewell county, Virg.: 245 m. "W. 
Eichinomi. 

Tfi.ARR county. Cii^if. Taken from the S. part of Mari- 
posa county, and contains Tulare lake and nil iL* tributaries. 
In 1852 it had 8,575 inhabitants, viz., wh. 174 — males 143. 
and females 32; negro 1 : Indir.ns S.40,S — males 5.S00, and 
females 2,GU7. The Indians are contained in fourteen 
tribes. 

Tltlaee lake, Tulare co., Calif. : is 52 m. long, and from 
6 to 1(1 m. wide. 

Tulip, p. o., Dallas co., Ark.: 49 m. S. S. W. Little 
Eock. 

TuLLAHOMA, p. V. and sta., Franklin co.. Tenn, : 70 m. 
8. E. by S. Nashville. The Nashville ami Chatt.anooga 
E. li. piisses through, and here connects with the Mackmin- 
viile and Manchester R. R. (in construciion). 

Ti;i.LV. p. v., Lewia co.. Mo. : on E. side of Mississippi r., 
112 m. N. by E. JotTr-rson City. 

TuLLY. p. o., Van Wert co., Ohio : 112 m. N. W. Columbus. 

Ti'Li.Y. L and p. v., Onondaga co., X. Y. : 123 m. W. by 
N. Alb;uiy. Surface generally level ; soH Hay loam. Dnnned 
by Onondiiga cr., and Tioughnioga r. The v. conlains 1 
church, a few stores, and about 300 iiihabiiants. The Syra- 
cuse antl Binghampton E. E. passes through this I. Pop. 
of t, 1.550. 

TitLi.YTowN, p. v., Bucks county, Penn.: 94 m. E. 
Harrisl'urg. 

TCLLY Valt.ey, p. o. 
W. by N. All)any. 

TuLLYviLLE. p. o.. Monroe co., Ark. : on E. side of Big 
cr., 72 m. E. Litile Rock. 

TuLPEHoccAN. L and p o., Berksco., Penn. : 42 ro. E. by N. 
Harrisburg. Surface diversiflM; soil very fertile. Drained 
by tribularies of Tulpehock.-n cr. The Union Canal passes 
along its S. border. It eon'-ains tanneries, diaiilleries, and 



Onondaga co., X. Y.: 127 m. 



saw mills, with some other manufacturing establishments. 
Pop. aliout 1,800. 

TiTMBLE, sla.. Hunterdon co., K Jer. : on BeU'id.Te Del- 
aware R. R., SJ ni. from Milfonl, 25J m. from Trenton. 

Tir.MBUNG SuoAi-s, p. o., Laurens dist. S. Car.: on W. 
side of branch of Saluda river, 74 miles N. "W. by W. 
Raleigh. 

TuMUNSONViLLE, p. o., Scott CO., Ark.: on "W. bank of 
King's cr., 104 m. "W. by N. I-ittle Rock. 

TuNBRinoR. t. and p. v.. Orange county, Verm. : 2S m. 
S. by E. Montpelier. Drained by the first branch of White 
r. Surface varied, in parts elevated. It is prinoii)ally a 
farming town, a considerable quantity of ihe produds of 
which are sent to market. The v. on the fir.»*t branch of 
White r. contains sevt-ral churches, mills, and trip-hammer 
works. There is a ^^ulphur spring of some note in the W. 
part of the town. Pop, of t. 1,786. 

TcNicA county. J/Z-^.y. Situate N. W., and contains 574 
sq. ra. Drained by branches of Coldwater river, which flows 
through its N. E. poriitm, and by inimerous streams entering 
the Missi.ssippi river. Surface ide;f^anUy divi-rsitied with 
lakes; the land hilly toward the W., and trrminaling in hiirh 
bluffs on the Mi.ssi»sippi river, which bounds it on t!ie W, 
Chief productions Indian corn and potatoes. The soil is 
best adapted to gnzing. Farms 41 ; niatnif 0; dwHl. 73, 
and pop.— wh. 396, fr. col. 1. si. 917— total 1,314. Caj>it<il: 
Austin. 

TuNirA, p. o., "West Feliciana par.. La. : 42 m. N.W. by N. 
Baton Ibmge. 

TrNKHANNOCK. t. and p. v., and cap Wyomingeo.. Pt'nn. : 
on N. E. bank of Suaqut-hanna r., 99 m. N. N. E. Harris- 
burg. Drained by Tmikhannock and Meshoppen cre*-k9. 
Surface uneven. and well wooiled. Tunkbannork M(»untain 
cTos.'ses it diagonally, and nrar Ihe S. boimdary h;is an ele- 
vation of 64U feet. The t. furnishes a large amount of 
lumber, and contains si-vcrat manufaetorirs. The v. is at 
the moulh of Tunkhannock cr., on the North Branch Di- 
vision itf the Pcnnsjlvania Can:d, and on the Larkawanna 
and Western R. R., 27 m. S. W. Great Bi-nd. It contains 
the coimty buildings, etc., and 561 inhabitants. Pop. of t. 
about 2 400. 

Tl'nnel. p. o. and sta , Indiana co., Penn. : on the line of 
the Alleghany Portnge R. R.. IGS m.W. N. W. Harrisburg. 
Tunnel, sta., York co,, Penn.: on the Baltimore and 
Susquehanna K. R., 33 m. S. by E. Harrisburg. 

TuNNKL, p. o., Franklin county, Tenn.: 71 ra. S. S. E. 
Na-shville. 

Tunnel, p. o., Augusta county, Vlrg.: 100 m. W. X. W. 
Richmond. 

Tunnel Hill. p. v. and sta., Murray co., Ga.: on the 
"Western and Atlantic R. R., 108 m. N. W. from Atlanta, and 
165 m. N. W. Milledgeville. 
Tusnell's Store, p. o., Sussex co., Del. : 43 m. S. Dover. 
Ti'NL'NGWANT. sUi.. Caltaraugus co., K. Y.: on the New 
York and trie E. R., 53 m. S. E. Dunkirk, 416 m. N. W. 
New York city. 

Tuolumne county. Calif. Situate generally between the 
SL'inislaus anil Merced rivi-rs. and extending from Ih'' Coast 
Range to iheSi< rra Nevada, TtieSan Joiiquin flows ihrongh 
its W. portion. This is a fine agricultural as well as mining 
county. In 1852. it h:id 17.6">7 itdiabitants. viz.. wh. 16,925 — 
mabs" 15,967, atid fmudes 958: negrot-s. ItlO : mul;itiovs.42; 
domesticate"! Indians. 590; foreign residents, 8.61)3. Over 
21 years of agi — citizens of the I'nited Stat'-g. 6,9"4 ; ne- 
groes. 95; mulaitoe-s 40: and fon-ign resr.lent-4. 8.600. 
Land in cultivation, 1.87u acres. Capitid— in quartz mining, 
$49.9U0; in placer mining. $76,085; and In other nanmg, 
$1,900. Total capital employed, |1, 283,885. Capital. 
Soimra. 

Tu' iLUMNE City, v., Tuolumne co., Calif. .- laid out at the 
head of navigation on the N. side of Tuolunme r., 30 m 
above its junction with the San Joaquin, and 78 m. S. E 
from Vallejo. It has quite a number of inhabitants, and its 

861 



Ttro 

proximity to the mines will render it important as a pleasant 
winter resilience for miners. 

TuoLOMNE river, Tuoiumne co., Calif. : rises by two 
branches in the Sierra Nevada Mountains, flows westwardly, 
and empties into the San Joaquin, about 30 m. above San 
Joaquin City, 

Ti-ppEi:*8 Plains, p. c, Meigs co., Ohio: 74 m. S. E. 
Columbus. 

TrKBoTviTXE, p. 0,, Northumberland co., Penn. : 55 ro. 
N. Harrisburg. 

TuEiN, t. and p. v., Tx-wis co., N. Y.: 112 m. N. "W. 
Albany. Black r. bounds it on the E., and its branches 
drain the t. Surface rolling. The v. is on a branch of 
lilack r., and contains several stores, and some manu- 
factures. The manufaoiures of the t consist of leather, 
flour, lumber, and oil. Pop. of 1 1.826. 

TrKKEv.p.o.. Monmouth CO., iV.tTe/"..' 1 m. N. Manaaquin 
r,, 27 m. E. Trenton. 

Turkey river, la, : in N. E. part of the State, flows S. E., 
and empties into the Mississippi, at Millville, in Clayton co. 

Tdrkey Cove, p. o., M'Dowell co., iT. Car. : 1S7 m. W. 



TuHKEY OovB, p. o., Lee co., Vlrg, : 804 m. W. by S. 
Richmond. 

Turkey Creek, p. o., Buncombe co., 2^. Car. : 303 m. 
W. Raleigh. 

Turkey Creek, p. o., Hunt county, Tetr. : 219 m. N. E. 
Austin City. 

Turkey Creek, p. o., Benton co., Mo. : 67 m. S. W. by "W. 
Jefferson City. 

Turkey Foot, t. and p. v., Somerset co., Penn.: 125 m. 
W. by S. Harrisbnrg. Drained by Castleman's r. and Lau- 
rel Hill cr. Surface hilly. Laurel Hill Mountain is on the 
W. and Negro Mountain on the E. boundary. 

Turkey Foot, p. c, Scolt county, Ky. : IS m. E. by N. 
Frank lorL 

TiiRKEY Grotk, p. o., Dane co., Wise, 

Turkey Town. p. v., Cherokee co., Ala.: on the Ala- 
bama and Tennessee R. R., 123 m. N. by E. Montgomery. 

Tubman's Creek, p. v., Sullivan co.. IiuJ. : on E. aide of 
creek of same name, SO m. S. W. by W. Indianapolis. 

Turman's Ferey, p. o., Lawrence co., Ay. ; on W. bank 
of Big Sandy r., 131 m. E. Frankfort. 

Turnback, p. o., Dade co., Mo, : on E. side of branch 
of Sac r.. 124 m. S. W. Jefferson City. 

TuBNBULL, p. v., Monroe co., Ala. : on S. side of branch 
of Flat cr.. 69 m. S. W. Montgomery. 

Turner, t and p. o., Oxford co., Me. : on the W. side of 
Androscoggin r., 25 m. W. S. "W. Augusta. Drained by 
branch of Androscoggin r. Surface pleasantly diversified; 
soil fertile. Incorporated in 17S6. It contains several lum- 
ber yards, grist and saw mills, tanneries, etc. There are a 
number of thriving villages in the town. Pop. of t. 2,537. 

Turner Creek, p, o., Potter co., Penn.: 110 m. N. W. 
by N. Harrisburg, 

Turners, p. v.. and sta., Orange co., K. Y. : on the New 
York and Erie R. R., 47 m. N. W. New York city. 

Tt'rnek's Store, p. o., Caroline county, Yirg. : 33 m. N. 
Kichmond. 

TuBNERSvn.i.E, p. v., Eobertsou county, Tenn. : 31 m. 
N.W. by N. Nashville. 

TuRNERSviLLE. sta.. Mobile co,, Ala.: on the Mobile and 
Ohio R. R..5 m. N. Mobile and 157 m. S. W. Montgomery. 

Turns, p. o., Monroe county, Perm.: 95 m. N. E. by E. 
Harrisburg. 

Turtle Creek, p. v., Alleghany co., Pentu : 150 m. "W. 
Harrisburg. 

Turtle Town, p. o., Cherokee county, K. Car. : 295 m. 
W. by S. Raleigh. 

TuRTLEviLLE, p. o., Uuion CO., Penn.: 40 m. N. N. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Tusoahoma, p. o., Tallahatchee co.. J/J-ss. ; on the S. side 
of Yallabusha r.,'110 m. N. Jackson. 



TUT 

Tuscaloosa county, Ala, Situate N. W. centrally, and 
contains 1,50" sq. m. Black Warrior r. flows through it from 
N. E. to S. W., by which and its affluents and by Sipsey r., 
a tributary of Tombigbee r., it is drained. Surface undu- 
lating; soil consists of a rich mold, and is verj- fertile— ii is 
well adapted to cotton, which is the staple pmduction of 
the cimnty. Farms 1.115; manuf. 32; dwell. 1.914, and 
pop.— wh. 10,553, fr. col. 26, si. 7,477— total 1S,056. Capit<il : 
Tuscaloosa. 

Tuscaloosa, p. city, and cap. Tuscaloosa co., Ala. : on 
8. E. bank of Black Warrior r., 94 m. N. W. by W. Mont- 
gomery. Lat 32° 12' N., long. STO 42' W. It is situated on 
an elevated plain at the lowt-r falls, and head of steamboat 
navigation on the river, and is regularly laid out with broad 
streets crossing each other at right angles. This city was 
until 1S47 the capital of the State. It contains the for- 
mer State-house, a court-house, jail, a Masonic hall, an 
academy. lyceum for boys, seminary for young ladies, the 
Alabama Institute, 5 churches, stores, etc The University 
of Alabama, here located, has 5 buildings, with several 
houses for professors, which present a fine appearance. 
This institution was founded in 1S31, in 1S50 it had 9 in 
structors, 197 alumni, and 91 students, with 7,123 volumes 
in its libraries. In 1S50, 8 weekly newspapers were here 
published, " Independent Monitor" (whig), ** Tuscaloosa Ob- 
server" (dem.), and " Crystal Fount" (temp.) Pop. in 
laiO, 1,949; in 1650, 2,961. 

Tuscarawas county, Ohio. Situate toward the E., and 
contains 704 sq. m. Drained by Tuscarawas r., Sandy, 
Conotten, and Sugar creeks, and other small streams. Sur- 
face uneven, and in parts hilly and broken; soil feriile, and 
raises fine crops of wheat, Indian corn, and potatoes, and 
is generally rich in agricultural productions. Farms 2.250; 
manuf, V>^ ; dwell. 5,441. and pop.— wh. 31,672, fr, col. 89 — 
total 31.761. Capital: New Philadelphia. Public Worka : 
Springfield, Mount Vernon, and Pittsburg E. E. ; Ohio 
Canal. 

Tuscarawas, p. v., Tuscarawas co., Ohio : on Ohio Canal, 
W. si«le of Tuscarawas r., S4 m. E. N. E, Columbus, 

TcscARORA, p. o., Lee co., la. : 67 m. S. Iowa City. 

TuscARoRA, p. v., Livingston county, N. 3'.; 204 in. TV. 
Albany. 

Tuscola county, 3£ich, Situate E, centrally in the S. por- 
tion of the State, and contains SU sq. m. Drained by 
Cass r. and its branches. Surface even ; soil fertile, and 
produces good crops of wheat, oats, etc. It has good water- 
power, which might be put to advantage in the establish- 
ment of factories. Farms IS ; dwell 65, and pop — wh. 291, 
fr. col. 0— ^^tal 291. Capital : Tuscola. 

TtiscoLA, t. and p. o,, Livingston co,, 3fich. : 30 m. E. 
Lansing. Drained by small branches of Shiawassee r. A 
farming town containing 544 inhabitants. 

TuscuMBiA, p. Y., Franklin co., Ala. : about 2 m. S. Ten- 
nessee r.. 1S2 m. N, N. W. Montgomerj*. The Memphis 
and Charle^ston R. R. passes through this place. It contains 
an iron foundry, several stores, etc. A spring here flows 
from a fissure in a limestone rock, whiih discharges 
20,000 cubic feet of water per minute, and it flows a 
considerable stream 2i m. to Tennessee r. The depth of 
the spring where it' issues from the rock is S feet. The 
"North Alabamian" (whig) and "Franklin Democrat" 
(dem.), are both published weekly. Pop. about 2,300. 

Ti'sccMBiA. p. v.. and cap. Miller co.. Mo. : on right bant 
of Osage r, 23 m. S. W. by S. Jeflerson City. It contains 
the couniy buildings, etc. 

TusKEGEE, p. v., and cap. Macon co., Ala. : on a small 
branch of Tallapoosa r., 37 m. E. Montgomery. It contains 
the CO. buildings, etc. The ''Macon Republican" (whig), 
and " Herald" (whig) are issued weekly, and the " Univer- 
salisl" semi-mnnihly. Pop, about 600. 

TustjuiTEE, p. o., Cherokee co., K. Car. : 2S3 m.W. by 8. 
Raleigh. 

TuTiiiLL, p. v., Ulster co., X T. : 76 m. S. S.W. Albany 



\ 



TOT 



UDI 



Tctttle's CofiNEEs, p. o., Susscx CO., N. Jer. : 60 m. N. 
TrentOQ* 

TwALiTT PLAEiS, p. o., Washington co., Oreg. Ter. : 30 m. 
N. by K. Sak-m. 

Twelve Milk, p. o., Pickens district, S.Car;: 117 m. 
N. W. by W. Culmubia. 

TwKLVE Mile, p. o., Cass co., Tnd.: 6S m. N. by "W. 
Imiiaiiapoiis. 

Twelve Mile Creek, p. o., Steuben co., J^. Y. : 122 m. 
W. by S. Albany. 

Twelve Mile Pkaibie, p. c, St. Clair co., HI.: 95 ni. 
S. by ^Y. Spriny;fleld. 

Twenty Mile Stand, p. c, "Warren CO., Ohio: 78 m. 
S. W. by \V. C^ll^mbus. 

TwiGGS county, G<t. Situate centrally, and contains 393 
sq. m. Ocmillgee r. forms its V,'. boundary, by branches of 
wliich it is drained. Surface hilly; soil very fertile, con- 
tisliug of a flue deep mold, productive, and well adapted to 
cotton, the principal production of the county. A portion of 
the land in covered with pine timber; it contains some 
minerals. Farms 3tJ7; mauuf. — ; dwell. 69G, and pop. — 
wh. 3,517, fr. col. 42, si. 4.620— total S,179. Capital: Ma- 
rion. Public Works: Central Georgia R. E. 

TwiNSBURG, t. and p. v., Summit co., Ohio : 120 ra. N. E. 
Columbus. Soil fertile. Drained by Tinker's cr., flowing 
centrally through the t. in a N. W. course, and affording 
water-piiwer. The Cleveland and Pittsburg E. R. crosses 
the S. W. comer of the t. The village contains 2 churehes, 
stores, mills, shops, etc. The v. and t. received their names 
from twin brothers who first settled here in 1S27. Pup. 
of t 1,231. 

Two Mile Beancu, p. o., Smyth co., Vlrg.: 220 m. 
"W. by S. Richmond. 

Two Mile Puairie, p. o., Pulaski co., Ind. : abiut 3 m. 
E. Tippecanoe r., S5 m. N. by W. Indianapolis. 

Two EivERS, P.O., Pike co., Venn.: on Delaware and 
Hudson Canal, W. side of Delaware, 124 m. N. E. by N. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Two Rivers, t. and p. o., Manitoowoc co.,Tf'i'w.; 123 m. 
N. E. Madison. Drained by E. and W. Twin rivers, flow- 
ing S. E. into Lake Michigan, which bounds it on the E. 
I'lipulation 924. 

Two TwEESS, p. 0., Adams county, Penn. : 36 m. S. "W. 
Eajrisburg. 

TvE River "Warehouse, p. o., Nelson co.. Virg. : on W. 
side of James river, at junction with Tye river, (39 m. W. 
Richmond. 

Tvoei-.t's Creek, p. o., Greenup co., Ky. : on or. of same 
nanu', llii m. E. by N. Franklort. 

Tyler conniy. 7nr. Situate E., and contains 1,157 sq. m. 
Drained by affluents of Neches r., which forms its eastern 
boundary, and by branches of Big Sandy or Alabama cr., 
which runs along its S. border. Surface undulating; soil 
ferlik'. consisting of a fine deep mold on a sandy bottom, 
and is well adapted to cotton and corn. On the Trinity 
the land is in general rich and very productive, but sub- 
ject to submersion. It is thickly wooded with oak, pine, 
and other trees. Farms 137; manuf. 6 ; dwell. 267, and 
pop.— wh. 1,476, fr. coL 0, si. 413— total 1,S94. Capital: 
Woodville. 

Tyler county, flrff. Situate N. W., and contains 873 
sq. m. Drairicii by Fishing and Mitldle Island creeks, 
whieh enter the Ohio river. Surface generally uneven and 
rough; soil a strong loam, and fertile. Chief products, 
wheat. Indian corn, and potatoes. Farms 417 ; manuf 15 ; 
dwell. 949. nml pop.— wh. 5,456, fr. col. 4, si. 3S— total 5,493. 
Capital : Middlebourne. 

Tyi.er, p. c, Winnebago county, III: 176 m. N. by W. 
Springfield. 

Tyler, p. o., Smith county, Tea^. : 209 m. N. E. Austin 
City. 

Tylersbueg, p. c, Clarion co.. Penn. : 14T m. W. N. W. 
Ilarrisburg. 



Tyler's Port, p. o., Moutgomery co., Penn. : 70 m. E, 
Harrisburg. 

Ttlersville, p. o., Laurens district, S. Car. : 70 m. 
N. W, by W. Columbia. 

Tvman's Store, p. o., Spottsylvania county, Virg. : 55 m. 
N. Eichmond. 

Tymochtee, L and p. v., "Wyandott co., Ohio : 63 m. 
N. by W. Columbus. Drained by Sandusky and Tymoch- 
tee rivers. The Mad Eiver and Lake Erie K. E. touches 
the N. W. corner of the t Pop. ofU 1,817. 

Tyngbkor.-', t.. p. v., and sLi., Middlesex county, Mans.: 
on both aides of Merrimac r., 29 m. N. W. by N. Boston. 
The Nashua and Lowell E. R. passes through the v. on the 
W. bank of the Merrimac r., 3*2 m. from lioston. The v. 
occupies a pleasant site, and conUiins a church and acade- 
my, with several neat dwellings. Pop. of t. 799. 

Tyke, t. and p. o., Seneca co., N. Y. : 150 m. W. by N, 
Albany. Surface levfl; soil sandy and calcareous loam. 
Drained by Clyde r., flowing into Seneca r. The Erie Canal 
passes through its N. part. Tlie inhabitants are generally 
engaged in farming. Pop. 1,356. 

Tyree Sprc^gs, p. o., Sumuer co., Term. : 21 m. N. by E. 
Nashville. 

Tyrell, p. 0., Venango co., Penn. : 16S m. N. W. by W. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Tyringuam (Shaker settlement), t and p. v., Berkshire 
counr>', J/t/.v.s. .■ 112 m. W. Boston. Watered by branches 
of Ilousatonic r., one of which flows from a pond in its 3. E. 
part. The I is twice crossed by two heavy ranges of hills. 
The V. at the centre is neatly built. In its S. W. part is 
Shaker village. The t. also contains 3 churches, and several 
grist and saw mills. Pop. 321. 

Tyro, p. v., Crawford county, Ohio: 66 m. N. by E. 
Columbus. 

Tyrone, t. and p. o., Livingston county, Mich. : 40 m. E. 
L:msing. Drained by Ore cr., a branch of Shiawassee r 
The inhabitanis are generally engaged in farming, etc. 
Pop. in 1S40, 394; in 1S50, 367. 

Tyrone, p. v., Blair county, Penii,: 76 ra. W. N. W 
Ilarrisburg. Situated on N. E. part of the county, and on 
Pennsylvania K. E , llS m. W. Ilarrialjurg. 

Tyrone, p. o., Coshocton county, Ohio: 62 m. E. N. E. 
Columbus. 

Tyrone, t, and p. v., Steuben cf>., A^. Y. : 173 m. "W. by S. 
Albany. Surface hilly ; soil clay and calcareous loam. 
Draiiu'd by Mud er., which flows through two large ponds 
on its W. border. The v. contains 2 churches, stores, etc. 
The t. also contains several tanneries, grist and saw mills, 
etc. Pr)p. of v. about 250 ; of the t. 1,394. 

Tyrone Mills, p. o., Fayette county, Penn.: 140 m. "W 
Ilarrisburg. 

Tyrrell county, N'. Car. Situate E., and contains 
727 sq. m. Drained by Alligator r. and its briinehcs; which 
waters are discharged into Albemarle sound. Surface low 
and generally even, in many parts it is liable lo submersion, 
and Is too wet for cultivation; soil wlicre fit lor tillase is 
fertile, and produces rice, ct>tton, grain, etc., which form the 
staple articles of commerce. On tlie K. in the Atlantic, are 
islands belonging to the county, of whieli the principal is 
Eoaniike. Farms 210; manuf. 41: dwell. 635. and pop. — 
wh. 8.301, fr. col. 130, si. I,7u2— total 5,133. Capital: 
Columbia. 

Tyson Fl'enace, p. o., Windsor co., Ver?n. : 55 m. S. by K 
Montpelier. 



U 



TTcrreE, p. v., Russell co., Al^. : 59 m. E. Montgomery. 

I'niiEE Anna, p. v.. and cap. Walton co., Flor.: on W. 
side of a braneh of Choclawhatchie river, 115 m. W. by N. 
Tidlahassee. It contains a court-house, about CO dwellings, 
and is surrounded by a very productive region. 

UuiNA, p. v., Kane co., 111.: 153 m. N. N. E. Springfield. 

868 



UFP 



UNI 



ITffington, p. v., Monongalia co., Virg. : 20T m. N. W. 
Bichmonrl. 

UiiLBRsvn.i.E. p. v., Northampton county, Perui.: 85 m. 
E. N. E. il:irrisl)urg. 

UriRinKfeviLLK, p. v., Tuscarawas co., Ohio: 95 m. E. N. E. 
ColiiDiIuis. The Steubeiiville and lodinna E. E. passes 
through thia place. Pop. 577. 

Uintah river, L'ta?i Ter. : a trihulary of the Tiio Colorado, 
which it joins a Hllle above 40° N. lal., in Utah county. The 
valley of this r. is one of the few fertile j)Iace8 in this part 
(if the territory. 

Uintah Kort, Great Salt Lake co., Utah Ter, : a trading 
post on a hranch of Uintah r., 167 m. N. E. Fillmore Cily. 

Ulao, p. o., Washington county, WUc. : C7 m. E. N. E. 
Madison. 

Ulatt's valley, Solano co., Calif: lies N. E. of the Suisun 
Valley, is 5 m. long, and l|m. wide. It runs N. W. between 
two ranges of hillB, :ind opens out into the Sacramento Val- 
ley. It is a great ihorougbfure, aad the admiration of all 
travelers. 

Ulster county, K. Y. Situate toward the S. E., and con- 
tains 1,07(5 sq. ni. Drained by Walkill, Esopue, Eondoul, 
and Shiiwangunk creeks, which in their courses supply good 
water-power. Surface in general mountainous, the Shaw- 
angunk traversing iL for a distance of 30 miles in a N. E. 
direction, and the Blue mountains spreading over its W. 
section, between these is a broad fertile valK-y; soil various, 
on the hills being adapted to grazing, and in the valleys 
very fertile. Chief products, wheat and Indian corn. This 
CO. contains many minerals, and some suljihur springs, also 
large quarries of marble and limesU)ne. It has some im- 
portant manufactures, and exports large quantities of coal, 
brought here by the canal, and lumber. Farms 3,539; manuf. 
441 ; dwell. 9,735, and pop.— wh. 57,303, fr. col. 1,5S1— loud 
69,334. Cdpitdl: Kingston. PuUic Works: Delaware 
and Hudson Canal ; Albany and Hoboken R. K. 

Ulster, t. and p. o., Bradf )rd county, Penn. : lo7 m. N. 
Ilarrisburg. Drains into the Susquehanna r., which makes 
its E. bonier. Surface diversified ; soil in the valley exceed- 
ingly riclL There are several saw and flour mills in the U, 
and several stores. 

Ulsterville, p. v., Ulster county, iV". F. ; 76 m. S. S. W. 
Albany. 

Ultima Thule, p. o., Sevier co.. Ark.: on Eock cr., a 
branch of Little r., 131 m. W. S. W. Liitle Eock. 

Ulysses, l, Tompkins co., *V. }'. : on the W. side of 
Cayuga lake, 8 m. N. AV. Ilhaca, and 152 m. W. from 
Albany. Drained by small slreams running into Cayuga 
lake, toward which its surface declines. It contains several 
manufactories. Pop. 3,122. 

Ulyssfb, t. and p. o.. Potter co., Penn. : 121 m. N. by W. 
Harrisburg. Drained by head waters of Pine cr. of Sus- 
quehanna r., and of the Genesee r. flowing in different 
directions. Surface elevated; soil fertile. Pup, 542. 

Umbagog lake. X. /lamp, and Me. : a large body t>f water 
located mostly in Maine, extending about 300 yards in 
width along the E. of the townships of Krrol and Camliridge 
in N. H. It is about 15 m. long, and in some parts 10 m. 
wide, and is little inn-rior to the Wiimepisiogee in extent 
and beauty. Its form is long and irregular, increasing in 
width from S. to N. Its outlet is on the N. W. side of Errol, 
and flows into the Androscoggin river. 

Umcolcus, p. o., Aroostook county, Me.: 173 m. N. E. 
Augusta. 

Umpqua City, p. v., and port, Umpqua co., Oreg. Ter. : at 
the mouth of Umpqua r., 92 m. S. S. W. Salem. It lies on 
a ntck between the river and Pacific Ocean; has a good 
Imrbor. and promises to become a flourishing place. 

Umi'qua river, Oreff. Ter. : a considerable stream falling 
into the Paciflc Ocean, abnut 40 m. to the N. of Cape Arago 
It rises by several branches from the coast range of moun- 
tains, and some of the heads are separated from tributaries 
of Itogue r. by a well-defined watershed. Gold has been 



found in the greater part of its length, and already several 
settlements are found on its banks. Uuipqua I'iiy at ila 
mouth. Providence and Gardiner on opposite si-les of the r. 
6 m. up, Middlelon on its S. bank 13 m. up. Scoilsburg 
Myrtle City, and Gagniersville on the N. bank 22 to 25 m 
up, and Elkton at the confluence of Elk r. are the principal, 
and there are others on KIk r. and on the N. and ^. Umpqua 
rivers, which latter are the chief consiituents of the Umpqua. 

Unauilla, t. and p. v.. Livingston county, Mirh,: 31 m. 
S. E. Lansing. Drained l>y Puitage r., a branch of Huron 
river. Soil very fertile, atid one of the best towns in the 
county. The inhabitants are chiefly engaged in farming 
Pop. in 1840. 643; In 1850, l.ii27. 

Unapilla, t. and p. v., Oti^ego co., K T, : 80 m. S. W 
of the village of Cooperslown, S4 m. W. by S. Albany 
Drained by Unadilla and Susquchantia rivers. Surface 
hilly and somewhat broken, but has rich alluvial flats. It 
contains some manufactures of woolens, leather, tobacco, 
etc., and has considerable trade in lumber. The v. on N. 
side of Susquehanna r. contains several mills, some manu- 
facturing establishments, a bank, cap. $l(iO,000, and about 
GOU inhabitants. Two covered bridges, each 250 feet long, 
resting on 3 arches, here span the river. Pop. of t. y,463 

Unadilla river, iV. }'. ; rises in Bridgewuter, Oneida co., 
flows in a southerly direction, divitling the counties of 
Madison, Otsego, and Chenango, and falls into the Susque- 
hanna, in the N. E. corner of Brainbri-fge. It is about 5 m. 
in length, and affords immense hydraulic power. On its 
banks are situated several manufacturing villages. 

Unaiulla Centre, p. v., Otsego co., N. Y. : on a branch 
of Unadilla r., 84 m. W. by S. Albany. 

Unadilla Forks, p. v., Otsego co., iV. Y.: at the junction 
of the E. and W. branches of the Unadilla r., S9 ra. W. by S. 
Albany. It contains several manufactories, and about 300 
inhabitants. 

Uncasville (Mohegan), p. v., New London co., Conn.: 
on the Keserxation of the Mohegan Indians, 36 m. S. E. 
Hartford. It contains a chape!, school-house, ilc.. erected 
at the expense of the general governmenL The New Lon- 
don, Willimantic, and Palmer R. E. passes it, 9 m. from 
New London. In the vicinity is a large factory, making 
drillings, running SO looms, 2,400 spindles, and employing 
about 100 operatives. 

Undicrhill, t. and p. v., Chittenden co., Verm. : 23 ra. 
N. W. Montpelier. Drained by head branches of Brown 
r., a tributary of Lamoille r., which affords water-power 
to several saw-mills. Surface uneven, with an inferior soil. 
The v. is on a branch of Brown r. Pop. of t. 1,599. 

Undekhill Centke, p. v., Chittenden co., Venn. ; 25 m. 
N. W. Montpelier. 

UsDEKWuou, p. o., Hopkins co., Ki/. : 161 m. E. by S. 
FrankforU 

Undeiiwood's, P.O., Marion co., 0?iio: 47 m. N. by W. 
Cohimbus. 

Unika mountains, a name given to that portion of the 
Alleghany range that separates Tennessee from North 
Carolina, and which lies S. W. of Tennessee river. 

Union county. Ark. Situate S., and contains 1.230 sq. m. 
Drained by Wachita river and its affluents. Surface level; 
soil fertile. Cotton is the chief production. Farms 679 
manuf. 0; dwell. 964, and pop.— wh. 5,.526, fr. col. 5, sl^. 
4,767— t.jtal 10,298. OipiUd: El Dorado. 

Union county. Ga. Situate N., and ccmtains 7(i6 sq. m. 
Drained by head branches of Hiiiwassee river, and other 
small streams. Surface uneven ; soil fertile. In IheS. and 
E. it is bounded by a mountainous range. Farms 911; 
manuf. 3 ; dwell. 1,141, and pop. — wh. 6,955, fr. col. 1, sla. 
27S~total 7,234. C(ipit<il: Blairsville. 

Union county, lU. Situates. W.,and contains 390 sq. m. 
Drained by Clear creek, a tributary of Missis.-ippi ri\er^ 
which forms its western border, and by Cash river, a trib- 
utary of Oliio river. Surface hilly; soil fertile, and pro- 
duces abundantly wheat, Indian com, and other grains. 



UNI 



TINI 



Port and beef are e'.pnrtod. Fnrms RIO ; manuf. 21 ; dwe I. 
1 2S9, and pop.-wh. -.r,:n, fr. col. 45, total 7,615. Capital : 
Jonesboro'. PMir. Works : Illinois Central E. E. 

Union countv, Ind. Situate E., and contains 16S sq. tn. 
Drained by E. fork of -White river, and Tlannah. liockland, 
and Silver creeks. Surface E. level, W. un.lnlating or hilly. 
Seven-ei.d.ths of the country orisrinally timbered upland. 
The soil is uniforndy ffood. Farms 606 : manuf. 35 ; dwell. 
1.220, and pop.-wh. 7,106, fr. col. 3*-total 7,144. tapital: 
Liberlv PuhUc Works : Indiana Junction V. R. 

Union county, la. Situate toward the S. W., and con- 
tains 4:J2 sq. m. Drained by Crooked fork of Grand nver 
and llsbranches. Surface level, extending into broad, open 
plains; soil fertile, and well adapted to wheat and grain. 

Set off since 1S50. . ■ oci; 

Union counlv, Ky. Situate X. W., and contains 8S5 
so. m. Drained by Highland creek and branches, and 
branches of Tradeswater creek. Surface undulating, the 
land rising gradually to the Ohio, on the W. border, and on 
the shore terminating in high bluffs : soil moderately fertile. 
Chief productions tobacco and Indian corn. Some cotton 
is also produced. Earms 6S1 ; manuf. 7 : <lwe I 1,1«, ^n1 
p„p.-wh. 6,704, tr. col. 16, sla. 2,292-total 9,012. CajnUd . 

""Zr^ttish, La. Situate N., and contains 1,027 sq m. 
Drained by D'Arbonne river, and its branches, ^vhich tra- 
verse it from E. to W., and branches of V, aehita nver. Sur- 
face level : soil varied, that on the streams being generally 
rich and fertile, adapted to the culture of cotton rice, and 
Indian corn, which, with wheat, form the staple produc- 
tions. Farms 717; manuf. 1; dwell. 942, and pop._wh. 
4 77« fr col. 0; si. 3,42!i-lotal 8.203. Capital: !• armersville. 
' Umon county. A'. Car. Situate S., and contains 475sq. m. 
Drained by branches of Yadkin river. Surface uneven; 
soil fertile, and well adapte.l to grain and grazing. Some 
portions of it are very productive, and yield a ^^'S^^^^°- 
Uty of cotton, etc. St.aple articles of comrnerce, tobacco, 
cotton, rice, and wheat. Farms S77 ; manuf. 9 ; dwell 1,42, 
and pop.-wh. S.OIS, fr. col. 51, 6l. l,9S2-tolal 10,051. 
Capital: Monroe. . 

UvioN county, 0?no. Situate W. centrally, and contains 
SS4 .q. m. Drained by Big Darby and Eoques creeks, and 
other affluents of the Scioto river. Surface an extended 
plain, with occasional swells, and pleasantly diversified , 
soil fertile, and produces abundantly wheat, grain, and po- 
tatoes. Pork and beef are exported. F^'™^ 1 f ^ ; """"fj 
16; dwell. 2.059, and pop.-wh. 12,076, "■■/''V « n 
12 204. Capit^.l: Marysville. Public Works: bpringfle d. 
Mount Vernon, and Pittsburg E. E. ; Columbus aud Belle- 

'""SmN^cottt P*«n. Situate E. centrally, and contains 
676 .q. m. Drained by Penn's, Middle, Buffalo, and West 
Mahantanga creeks, tributaries of Susquehanna river, and 
Ivf branch, which bound it on the E. Surface hilly, and 
in parts mountainous; soil fertile, and very pro>iuei.ve 
Staples, wheat and Indian corn. Faru.s 1 597 ; ntnnuf. l'>0 . 
dweU. 4,4.55, and pop.-wh. 25,982 ; fr. col. 101-tolal 26,088. 
CaplUil: New Berlin. -,„ „ „ 

U>-ioN disL, .'•■. (-1"-. Situate N., and contains .49 sq. m. 
Drained by Pacolct ami Tyger rivers, and their ''r^>nches 
Surface undulating; soil generally fertile, and adapted to 
grain. Chief productions, cotton and Indian con. Farms 
169; manuf. 72 ; dwell. l,7«,and pop.-wh. 9 322, fr. col. 
IBS, si. 10.392-tot.al 19,852. CapiUil : Unionv.lle. PMw 
Works : Union and Spartonburg E. E. 
Union, p. o., Jasper co., r«.; 225 m. K. byN. Amtin 

^Usios, p. v., Greene CO., AUi. : 9S m. W. by N. Mont- 
gomery. Pop. 290. 

Union t an.l p. o., Tolland co.. Own. .■ 31 m. N. E. by E. 
Hartford Drained hv head branches of Willimantic river, 
and other small streams. Surface hilly, with an inferior 
soil Mashapaug and Breakneck ponds, sources of Uie 



Quinnebaug, and a branch of the Natchaug rivers, are in 
this town. Pop. 729. . 

Union, p. o.,^ork co., Penn. ; 81 ra. S. 9. E. Harmhurg. 

Union, p. v., and sta., M'Henry co., Til. : on the Galena 
and Chicago Union K. R., 62 m. N. W. Chicago, and 175 m. 
N. E. Springfield. „ „ , w 

Un,6n, p! o., Pike county, M.: 110 m. 8. W. by W. 

'"u^ioTv.'and sta., Randolph Co., 7„<f. : on the State lin<s 
<u m E N. E. Indianapolis. This is the point of union of 
Hie Indianapolis and Bellelbntaine E. R., and the Ohio lines 
to Cleveland, Pittsburg and Cincinnati, viz., the Bellefon- 
laiiie and Indiana E. E., the Columbus, Piqua and Indiana 
E E an.l the Greenville and Miami E. E. respectively, 
which with their easteni connections, extend to the above- 
n-imed places, and thence connect with roads to the Atlantic, 
etc It is one of the most important points of junction in 
the west, and must soon become a thriving commercial 



Union, p. v., Boone co., iTy. ; 61 m N. by E. Frankfort. 

Union, t. and p. v., Lincoln CO., Me. : 27 m. E. 8. h. 
Auousta. Drained by St. George and Miiseungus nvers. 
Surface gentlv uneven. Incorporated in l-s6. The t. con- 
tains a considerable number of saw, grist, and fulling mills. 
The V. is on St. George r. Pop. of t. 1,974. 

Union, p. o., Cass Co., Mlrl,. : on the W. of a tributary of 
St. Joseph's r., 8S m. S. W. Lansing. „ k w 

Union, p. v., Newton county, Mss- : 69 m, L. by «. 

■^ UniTn, t.. Branch CO., Mick. : 52 m. S. W. by 8. Lansing 
St Joseph's r. crosses its N. "W. comer, and receives at 
Union City the stream draining the t. The mhabitauls arc 
generaUy engaged in farming. Pop. in 1S40, 507 ; m 1S50 
1 271 

U^^0N. p. v., Franklin CO., Mo. : a UMe N. of Bourbeuse 

cr., 64 ra. E. Jefferson City. „ i, -p 

Union, p. o., Carroll county, N. Bamp. : 40 m. N. by E. 

''union, p. v., Van Buren Co., la. : 72 m. S. 8. W. Iowa 

Union, t. and p. v., Essex county, K Jer.: 42 m. N. E. 
Trenton. Drahied by Elizabeth an.l Eahway rivers. Sur- 
face un.ven, with a fertile and well-cultivated soil. Pop. 
of t. 1,602. „ .^ ,. „ „ 

Union, t,, p. v., and sta., Broome co., A. T. : on the B. 
side of Ihe Susquehanna r., 12S ra. W. S. W. Albany. 
Drained by Nanlicoke r., a tributaiy "f 'he Susquehanna. 
Surface undulating, and in parts hilly ; sod fertile. The v. 
is locate,! U m. N. of the Susquehanna r., at Uie base of a 
round hill, which has excellent pasture to the top, facing 
the v., while on the opposite side it is covered with pme and 
hemlock. From its summit there are excellent views of the 
river and valley. It is a thriving place, and contains about 
1 000 inhabitants. The sta. is i m. distant from the v on 
the New York and Erie E. E., which passes along the i-us- 
quehanna 233 m. from New York city, and 237 mjrom 
Dunkirk. The t contains about 30 saw roiUs, with tan- 
neries and grist mills. Pop. of t. 2,14.3. 

Union, t. and sta.. Licking county, Oh,o: on 'h^ Central 
Ohio E. R.. 26 m. E. by N. from Columbus. The Ohio 

Canal pa.sses on its S. E. border. It contains the p_ v. of 

Hebron (pop. 649), and Lura, pop. 83. Pop. of tj,368. 
Umon p v., Montgomery co,, Ohio: on the "W. side of 

Greenville creek, 73 m. W. by 8. Columbus. Pop about 300. 
Union, p. v., an.l cap. Monroe CO., V.rg.: 171 in. W. 

Pichmon.l It contains a court-house, jail, and an academy, 

several stores and tanneries. The " Union Republican" « 

is.<ued weekly. P"p. 253. 
UNION, t. and p. o., Eock eo., Wi^c: 20 m. S. Madison. 

Drain.'d by branch of Sugar r., and is a good farming town. 

^'un'ion,''v.. Trinity CO., Calif. : at the head of Humboldt 
1 Harbor, 212 m.N.W.ValleJo. ^^ 



UNI 



U.MON, p. v., Santa aara county, Calif. : 78 m. S. S. E. 
Vallcjo. . 

Uniox rivpr and bay, Hancock co., Me.: has its source 
a few niik-s S. of Tassadumkeag r., flows S., and empties 
Into Union river bay, between Trenton and Surry. lu 
length is over 40 m. It receives several tributaries and af- 
fords valuable water-power. 

Union IScidge, p. v., Carroll CO., Mil : on Little Pipe 
creek, 10 m. N. from Westminster, and 53 m. N. W. 
Annapolis. 

Union Bkidge, t. and sta., Belknap co., K ITamp.: on 
the W. border of Little Bay, and on the Boston, Concord, 
and Montreal K. R., 22 m. from Concord. 

UsiON Bkidge, p. o., Tilus Co., Tex. : 266 m. N. E. Austin 

caty. 

Union Centek, p. v., Broome co., JV. T. : 125 m. W. S. w. 
Albany. 

Union CiitraoH, p. o., JefTerson co.. Mm: : near a branch 
of Ilomochito r., 6S m. 8. W. by 8. Jackson. 

Union City, p. v., Branch Co., Mic/i. : on 8. side of St. 
Joseph's r., at the junction of Coldwater r., 64 m. 8. W. by 8. 
Lansing. Its location is at the head of navigation, and it 
possesses a considerable amount of water-power. 

Union Coeneb, sta., Queens Co., JV. 1'. ; on the Long Is- 
land E. E., 8 m. E. New York. Here is one of the most 
noted race courses in the Union. 

Union Coknebs, p. o., Livingston co., K T. : 214 m. W. 
Albany. 

Union Coknehs, p. v.. Van Buren CO., /«. ; on 8outh 
branch of Fox r., 75 m. 8. 8. W. Iowa City. 

Union Dibtkict, p. o., Washtenaw co., Mich. : 46 m. 8. E. 
Lansing. 

Union Falls, p. v., Clinton co., K. Y. : W. side of Sar- 
anac r., which affords great water-power, 13.3 m. N. Albany. 
Union Furnace, p. o., Huntingdon CO., Fenn.: 54 m. 
W. Harrisburg. 

Union Gkote, p. v., Whitesides Co., III. .• on the W. side 
of Little Eock r., 14:3 m. N. by W. Springfield. 

Union Geote, p. o., Eacine co.. Wise. : 70 m. E. 8. E. 
Madison. 

Union Geote, p. v., Trince George co., Virg. : near the 
head waters of Blackwater r., 33 m. S. i>y E. Richmond. 

Union Hah., p. o., Franklin Co., riig. ■■ 136 m. W. S. W. 
Eichmond. In the ricinity, on Pig r., are several mills. 

Union Level, p. o., Mecklenburg county, Virg. : 88 m. 
S. W. Eichmond. 

Union Meeting Hoose, p. o., Baltimore CO., Md. : on 
Great Gunpowder Falls, 31 m. N. of Baltimore city, and 
81 m. N. by W. Annapolis. 

Union Mills, p. o.. La Porte CO., Ind. : on W. side of 
branch of Kankakee r., 169 m. N. by W. Indianapolis. 

Union Mills, p. o., Carroll county, Md. : on side of Big 
tlpe cr., 53 m. N. N. W. Annapolis. 

Union Mills, p. o., Fulton co., J\'; Y. ; 39 m. N. W. by N. 
Albany. It contains several mills. 

Union Mills, p. o., Mahaska co., la. : on N. side of N. 
Skunk r., 53 m. W. by S. Iowa City. 

Union Mills, p. v., Erie co., Petin. : on a branch of 
French cr., 191 m. N. W. Harrisburg. 

Union Mills, p. v., Fluvanna Co., nrg. : on Eivanna r., 

D6 m. N. W. Richmond. It contains several taiUs and a 

large cotton factory. „ „ , „ 

Union Plain, p. o.. Brown co., Ohio: 89 m. S. E. by S. 

■ Columbus. 

Union Point, p. o. and sta., Greene co., Ga. : on the 
Georgia E. E., at the junction of the Athens Branch E. E., 
40 m. from Athens, 76 m. from Augusta, and 42 m. N. by E. 
Milledgevillc. 

Union Point, p. o., Concordia par.. La. : 78 m. K. by W. 
liitonEouge. 

Union Point, p. o.. Union CO., Itt. : on E. side of Missis- 
sippi r., 3 m. below Uie mouth of Big Muddy r., 163 m. S. 
Springfield. 



UNI 

Union Setti ement, p. o., Oswego county, N. Y. : 142 m. 
W. N. W. Albany. 

LTnion Society, p. o., Greene co., N. Y. : 38 m. S. W. 
Albany. 

Union Speinos, p. o., Macon county, Ala.: on a fork of 
Cupia Ualchie cr., 41 m. E. by 8. Montgomery. Popula- 
tion about 160. 

Union Springs, p. o., Harrison co., Tex. : 19 m. 8. W 
Austin City. 

Union Speinos, p. v. and sta., Cayuga CO., iV. Y. : on E. 
side of Cayuga lake, 166 m. W. Albany. The Cayuga and 
Susquehanna E. U. passes through this place, 64 m. N. W. 
from Owcgo, and connects at Cayuga, 4 m., with the Roches- 
ter and Syracuse E. E. It has several mills, 1 iron foundry, 
and 1 woolen factory. There are two springs here whicll 
discharge sufficient water to supply the mills with power, 
there is also a mineral spring here of some celebrity. 11 
has a steamboat landing, and a steam ferry connecis the v. 
with Canoga, in Seneca county. The " Cayuga Telegraph" 
(neut.) is here published. Pop. about 600. 

Un ion Squaee, p. o., Oswego co., ^\ I'. ; 144 m. W. N.W. 
Albany. 

Union Squake, p. v., Montgomery co., Penn. : 83 m. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Uniontown, p. v.. Perry co., Ala. : at the head^waters 
of Chilalohee creek, 77 miles W. Montgomery. PopulaUon 
about 50J. 

Uniontown, p. v., Knox county. III : 71 m. N. by W. 
Springfield. 

Uniontown, p. v., Union county, Kij. : 167 m. W. by S. 
FrankforU 

Uniontown, p. v.. Wells co., Ind.: on S. side of branch 
of Little r., 117 m. N. E. by N. Indianapolis, 

Uniontown, p. v., CarroU co., MJ. : 51 m. N. W. by N. 
Annapolis. Pop. 839. 

Uniontown, sta., Middlesex CO., 2^. Jer. : on New Tork 
and Philadelphia E. E., 84 m. N. E. Trenton. 
Uniontown, p. o., Itulian Territory. 
Uniontown, p. v., Belmont co., Ohio: 111 m. E. by N. 
Columbus. Pop. 194. 

Uniontown, p. b., and cap. Fayette co., Penn. : on Bed- 
stone cr., 153 m. W. by 8. Harrisburg. In this neighbor- 
hood are three cold blast furnaces, wilh a capacity of 1,100 
tons each, and a rolling-mill, with an annual product of 700 
Ions. It contains several stores, workshops, and printing- 
offices, and three newspapers, the "Pennsylvania Demo- 
crat." the "Fayette Whig," and the "Genius of Liberty" 
(whig), are issued weekly. Pop. 2.3-33. 

Union Vale, t.. Duchess co., N. Y.: 69 m. 8. Albany. 
Drained by Fishkill r. Surface rolling and hilly, having on 
the E. Mallcawan ridge ; soil fertile. It has some manu- 
factures. Pop. 1 .553. 

Union Valley, p. t., CorUandt co., N. Y. : 124 m. W. 
Albany. 

Union Village, p. v., Broome co., X Y. : 120 m. W. by 
8. Albany. „ . , . 

Union Village, p. v.. Orange CO., Verm.: on 8. side of 
branch of Connecticut r., 40 m. 8. E. by S. Montpelier. 

Union Village, p. v., Northumberiand CO., Virg.: 65 m. 
E. N. E. Eichmond. 

Union Village, v., Warren connly, Ohio : 84 m. S. W. 
Columbus. The inhabitants are chiefly Shakers, and are 
divided into families, each one wilh its separate house, bav- 
in" out-honses and work-shops adjoining. This is the old- 
est and largest society in the West. 

Unionvillk, p, v,, Monroe co., Oa. : on S. side of branch 
of Ocmulgee r., 62 m. W. by N. Milledgeville. 

Unionvillk, p. v., Hartford county, Cvirtt. : on E. side of 
Farinington r., on the Collinsvillc branch of the New Haven 
and N'lrlhiimpton, or Canal E. K., 28 m. from New Haven, 
anil 11 m. W. from Hartford. 

Unionville, p. v., Monroe co., 7n</. .* 61 m. S. S. W. of 
Indianapolis. 



tJNI 

Union-ville, p. v., Appanoose county, la. : on S, side of 
branch of Des Moines r., SI m. S. W. Iowa City. 

TTnionviixe. p. v., Frederick co., Md. ; on a tributary of 
Linsanore cr., 14 re. E. N. E. of Frederick City, aud 47 m. 
N. W. Annapolis. 

XTniosvili-e, p. v., Orange co., K Y. : 95 m. S. S. E. of 
Albany. It conlaios a church, several stores, etc Popu- 
latitm .ibont 130. 

Unionviixe, p. V. and ela.. Lake ro., Ohio: on Cleveland 
and Erit; It. K., 42 m. from Cleveland, 53 m. from Erie, 165 m. 
N. E. CoIiHiibus. It contains two churches, several stores, 
«tc. In the vicinity are extensive imn^works. 

Unionville, p. v., Chester co., Peiui. : 60 m. E. S. E. of 
Harrisburg. 

Unionvili-e. p. v.. ata., and cap. Union dist, S. Car, : on 
a small branch of Tiger r., oT ni. N. \V. by N. Columbia. 
It contains ihe couuly huildinss etc. The Union and Spar- 
tanburg E. R., divt-rgitig from Alston on Greenville and 
Columbia K. E., extends through this i)lace to Spartan- 
burg, 60 m. 

Unionville, p. v., Cass co., Tkr. .• 223 m. N. E. Austin 
City. 

Unionville, p. v., Bedford co., Tenn. : 45 ra. S. S. E. of 
Nashville. 

Unionville Centeb, p. o., Union co., Ohio: 23 m. N. W. 
by N. Cohimbus. 

Uniopolis, p. v., Auglaize county, Ohio: 77 miles N. W. 
Columbus. 

Unison, p. v., Loudon co., T7rg. : 99 m. N. Richmond. 

Unison, p. v., Delaware co., Ohio: 19 m. N. by "W. 
Columbus. 

Unitabia, p. 0., Broome co., 2^. F. : 125 m. W. S. W. 
Albany. 

Unitia, p. v., Blount county, Tenn',: 144 m. E. by S. 
Nashville. 

Unity, p. v., Alexander county, HL: 1 m. W. of Cash 
river, 5 m. N. of the Mississippi r., and 1S9 m. S. by E. 
Springfield. 

Unity, t. and p. v., "Waldo co., Sr^.: 31 m. N. E. Augusta 
Brained by branch of Sebasticook r. There is a pond on its 
N. border, S. of which the v. is lo'^.ated. The t. contains 
rulling, grist, and saw mills, and tanneries. Pop. oft. 1,557. 

Unity, p. v.. Montgomery co.. 3fd. : to the W. of Patox- 
ont r., 36 m. W. N. W. Annapolis. 

Unity, t. and p. v., Sullivan co., .V! ITnmp. : 36 m. 'W. 
Concord. Drained by Sugar r., and other small branches 
of Connecticut r. Perry'^s Mountain, in the 8. W. part, is 
partly in this town. The inhabilanta are generally engaged 
in farming. Pop. oft 961. 

Unity, i. and p. v., Columbiana county, Ohio: 149 m. 
N. E. by K. Columbus. Drained by tributaries of Utile 
Beaver river. The v. of Unity is situate about a mile N. of 
the Ohio and Pennsylvania K. R., which passes through the 
t. in an E. and W. direction. Pop. of t. 2,095. 

Unity, p. v., Mulilenbnrg co., Ky. : 144 m. S. W. by "W. 
Frankfort, 

Unity, p. o., Crawford co., Penii. : 19S ra. "W. N. "W. 
Harrisburg. 

Unitv, t, ■Westmoreland co., Pfinn. : 130 m. W. Harris- 
burg. Drained by Crabtree and Big ?ewickly creeks, and 
Nine Mile run, affording extensive hydraulic power, im- 
proved by various tanneries, distilleries, flouring and saw 
mills. Pop. about 3,100. 

Univeustty of Virginia, p. o., Albemarle co., Mrg. : at 
the Universily, 1 m.W.Charlottsvill". and 9S in. fnun Rich- 
mond by the Virginia Central i:. It. Lat. 33^ 02' 03" N., 
and long. 73° 31' 29" W. The University was founded in 
1S19, an«l in 1S50 had 10 profLS.sors, and 333 students, 3,500 
alumni, and a library of 10,000 volumes. In the law depart- 
ment there were "0 students, and in the medical department 
95 students. This is one of the most flourishing institutions 
of the kincl in the Unite<l Stales. 

Upatoik, p. v., Muscogee co., Qa.: oaW. side of branch 



trpp 

of Upotoy cr, 9S m. "W. S. W. MUIedgeville. The Muscogee 
K. R. passes tlirough this phicc. 

Upiikgrafi-s, p. 0., Jefferson co., Ohio : 111 m. E. by N. 
Columbus. 

Upuaupee. p. v., Macon co., -l^a.; on Uphaupee cr., 81 
m. E. by N. Montgomery. 

Ui'PKR Alton, p. v., Madison co., lU^ : on elevated 
ground, 2i m. E. of Mississippi r., and E. of Alton, 09 m. 
8. by W. of Springfield. It coutaius several mills and stores, 
and about 2,00(1 inliahitanls. In 1S16 the v. was laid out, 
and fi.r the past 20 years it has gradually increased in 
growth. It contains Shurtleff College, founded in 1S35, 
having (in 1850) a president, 6 professors, and 45 students, 
with a library containing 1,600 volumes. 

Upper Aqueboguk, p. v., Suffolk CO., iV". T. ; 182 m. 
S. E. by S. Albany. 

U PPSR Black Eddy, p. o., Bucks co., Penn. : 105 m. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Uppekco, p. v., Baltimore co., Md.: situated E. of theN. 
branch of Patapsco r., 21 m. N. N.W. BaUimore, 43 N. N. W. 
Annapolis. 

Upper Cross Roads, p. o., Harford co., Md.: 45 hl 
N. by E. Annapolis. 

Upper Darby, t. and p. o., Delaware co., Penn. : 89 m. 
E. by S. Harrisburg. Drained by Cobb's and Darby rreeta. 
Surfttce Ijilly; soil fertile. It has good water-power, and 
some manufactories. 

Uppep. Dltblin, t. and p. o., Montgomery co., Penn.: 99 
m. E. Harrisburg. Drained by Darby and Cobb's creeks, 
by which good water-power is supplied. Surface hilly; soil 
fertile, consisting of black mold. It has eeveral stores, and 
a number of mills and factories. Pop. 1.550. 

Upper Embarkas, p. o., Coles co., /U. : aboat 2 m. W. of 
hea'l branch of Embarras r., 79 m. E. Springfield. 

Upper Falls, p. v., Windsor co., Verm.: 53 m. S. by E. 
Montpelier. 

Upper Freehold, t, Monmouth county, 2^. Jer. : 12 m. 
K. by S. Trenton. It has Aasunpink cr. on the N. E., and 
Crosswick's cr. on the S. border. Drained by tributaries of 
Assunpink and Crosswick's creeks. Surface even, with 
forests of pine in the S. E. part It has good water-power, 
and several manufactories and mills. Pop. 2,556. 

Upper Gilmanton, p. v., Belknap co., y. Il'tmp. : on tho 
N. of Winnipisseogee r., 17 m. N. by E. Concord. 

Upper Oloucester, p. v., Cumberland county, Me. : on 
Royals r., 35 m. S. W. Augusta. 

Uppep. Hanover, t., Montgomery c/umty, Penn.: 81 m. 
E. by N. Harrisburg. Drained by Perkiomen cr. and ite 
l>r;inche8. Surface hilly, and in parLs rough and broken. 
S'til red sh:de. It ccml.nins several stores and a luitnber of 
iniils, and has about 1,570 inhabitants. Tho vilI;lg^. cjJIed 
New Goshenhoppen, is situate in the forks of Perki-;men 
creek. 

Upper Httnttno creek, p. o., Caroline co., Md. : on a cr. 
so called, above its confluence with Choptank r., 3S m. 3. E. 
Annapolis. 

Upper Iowa river. Ta. : rises in S. part of Minnesota Ter., 
(lows S. E. into Winnisheik co., and then N. E., eniplyiiig 
into the Mississippi r. near Iho N. boundary of the State. 

Upper Jay. p. o., Essex co., N. Y.: 120 m. N. Albany. 

Upper Lisle, p. o., IJroomo co., K Y. : 122 ni. W. by S. 
Albanv. 

Ui'i-EB Macungv, t., T.ehigh co.. Penn. : 74 m. E. N. E. 
IIarrist)urg. Drained chiefly by Lehigh cr. It contains 
several stores, and has a number of grist and saw mills. 
Pup. about 1.900. 

Upper Mahantanoo, U and p. o.. Schuylkill ex. Pmn. : 
37 in. N. E. by N. Harrisburg. Drained by two branches 
of Mahantangi) cr. Surface diversified, with collection of 
low hills; soil rerl shale an.I while gravel, in general barren. 
It CMUtains several stores, and has a number of grist and 
saw mills. 

Upper MASiBTfA, p. v., Lancaster co., Penn. .• ou the & 

&67 



UPP 



UTA 



bank of Susquehanna r. and on Ihe line of the Columbia 
Branch E. E., 5 m. above Columbia. 

XJppEB Mablboko', p. v., and cap. Piince George co., 
Md. : on Ihe S. side of Ihu W. branch of Tatapsco r., 4 m. 
above its mouth, 17 m. S. W. Annapolia and 13 m. E. by S. 
"Washington, D. C. It contains the county buildinga, etc., 
and is a well-built village. The " Marlboro' Gazette" (neut) 
is published weekly. Pop. about SOO. 

Upper Middletown, p. v., Middlesex co., Conn. : on "W. 
Bide of Connecticut r., 15 m. S. Dartford. The name of this 
place has lately been changed lo Cromwell. It contains 
2 churches, academy, a few stores, etc. 

Uppee Middletown, p. v., Fayette co., Pemi. : on bend 
of Eedstone cr., 5 m. N. Union, 155 m. "W. by S. Harrisburg. 

Uppee Mount Betuel, t., Northampton co., Perm.: on 
the W. side of Delaware r., 99 m. N. E. Uarrisburg. Sur- 
iace mountainous. It contains several manufactories. 

Uppee Peach Tree, p. v., Wilcox co., Ala. : on the W. 
side of the Alabama r., 75 m. S. W. by W. Montgomery. 

Upper Red Hook, p. v., Duchess co., 2^. Y.: 3 m. E. 
from Hudson r., 42i m. S. Albany. 

Uppeb St. Claib, t. and p. o., Alleghany county, Peym. : 
173 m. W. Harrisburg. Drained by Chartier's cr. Surface 
hilly ; soil black loam, and very fertile. It contains a num- 
ber of stores and several mills and factories, and has a pop. 
of about 2,700. 

Upper Sanduskt, p. v., and cap. Wyandott co., Ohio: 
on W. side of Sandusky r., 60 m. N, by W. Columbus. It 
contains the usual county buildings and is well built. Popu- 
lation 7S3. 

Upper Stillwatee, p. v. and sta., Penobscot co.. Me. : 
on the W. side of the Penobscot r., opposite Marsh's Island, 
69 m. N. E. Augusta. The Bangor and Piscataquis R. R. 
passes through this place, 9 m. from Bangor. Great water- 
power is here afforded by the falls in the Penobscot river. 

Upper Stp.abburg, p. v., Franklin co., Peniu: on a fork 
of Heyren's branch of Conedogwinit cr., 10 m. N. W. 
Chambersburg, 47 m. W. S. W. Harrisburg. 

Upper Tkact, p. v., Pendleton co., Virg.: on the W. 
Bide of S. branch of the Potomac r., 119 m. N. W. by W. 
Richmond. 

Upper Teappe, p. v., Somerset co., Md. : on the N. side 
of "Wicomico cr., C5 m. S. E. Annapolis. 

Upper Ttgart, p. o., Carter co., Ay. ; on Buffalo fork 
of Tygart cr., 102 m. E. by N. Frankfort. 

Upperville, p. v., Fauquier co., Virg. : 103 m. N. by "W, 
Richmond. It contains an academy, church, and several 
stores, and about 350 inhabitants. 

Upper Yarmouth, p. v., Cumberland co., Me. : 41 m. 
8. "W. by S. Augusta. 

Upshur county, Tex. Situate toward the N. E., and con- 
tains 1,053 sq. m. Drained by Little Cypress r. and its 
branches, and affluents of Sabine and Big Cypress rivers. 
Surface undulating ; soil fertile, and favorable to the growth 
of cotton and com. Grapes grow wild, and might with a 
little care be rendered a valuable article in the manufacLur- 
ing of wines. It is thickly wooded, and is interspersed 
with numerous streams of pure running water. Farms 
240 ; manuf. ; dwell. 4S4, and pop. — wh. 2,712, fr. col. 0, 
6l. 6S2— total 3,394. Capital : Gilmer. 

UpsHirp^ p. 0., Preble co., Ohio : 95 m. W. by S. Colum- 
bus. It was formerly caUed New Hope. 



Upson county, Ga. Situate "W. centrally, and contains 
203 sq. m. Drained by branches of Flint r., which forma 
the S. W. and "W. boundary. Surface uneven ; soil fertile, 
and is adapted to cotton, which is produced in abundance, 
and also to wheat and Indian com, good crops of which 
are raised. A portion of the land is covered with pine. 
Some minerals are found. Farms 436; manuf. 19; dwell. 
795, and pop.— wh. 4,720, fr. col. 0, si. 4,704— total 9,421. 
Capital: Thoraaston. 

Upsontille, p. v., Susquehanna county, Penn. : 127 m. 
N. N. E. Harrisburg. 

Upton, t and p. v., "Worcester co., Mass. : 31 m. "W. 3."W. 
Boston. A tributary of Blackstone r. has its source in this 
town, and lurnishes water-power. Surface rough and hilly. 
It has several manufactories, among which are wool and 
leather. The t. is on West r. Pop. of t. in 1S40, 1,466; in 
1S50, 2,023. 

Upton, p. v.. Dodge co., Wifte. : on W. of the W. branch 
of Rock r., 51 m. E. N. E. Madison. 

Upton, p. v., Franklin co., Penn.: on a branch of Ute 
Potomac r., 59 m. S. "W. Harrisburg. 

Urbana, p. v., and cap. Champaign co., J II.: on S. side 
of Salt fork of "yermilliou r., 76 m. E. N. E. Springfield. It 
contains a court-house and jail, and about 400 inhabitants. 
The Chicago Branch of the Illinois Central R. K. inlersecta 
this place. 

Ubbana, p. v., Frederick co., Md. : on the E. side of 
Monocacy r., on the high ground between Back and Ben- 
neil's creeks, S4i m. W. N, "W. Annapolis. 

Ukbana, p. T., Hickory co., Mo. : on the E. boundary of 
the county, 73 m. S. W. Jefferson City. 

Urbana, t. and p. v., Steuben county, Nl Y. : 1S3 m. "W. 
Albany. A portion of Crooked lake is in the L Drained 
by several small streams flowing into the lake. Surface 
hilly ; soil various. The v. is located at the S. end of the 
lake, at which point there is a landing. The t. contams 
numerous mills. Pop. of t. 2,079. 

Urbana. t., p. v., sta., and cap. Champaign co., Ohio: 
39 ra. W. Columbus. The v. contains the county buildings, 
an academy, and several churches. The Columbus, Piqua, 
and Indiana K. R. and the Mad River and Lake Erie E. R. 
pass through the v., affording great facilities for trade. Two 
newspapers are issued weekly, " U- Expositor" (dem.), and 
" U. Citizen and Gazette" (whig). Pop. of v. in 1S40, 1,070 ; 
in 1850, 2,020. Pop. of t. (including v.) in 1840, 1,386; 
in 1850, 3,414. 

Urbane, p. v., Jackson co., PJ. : 155 m. S. by E. Spring- 
field. The Illinois Central R. R. passes 2^ m. E. of this place, 

Uebanna, p. v., and cap. Middlesex co., Virg. : on 9. "W. 
side of Rappahannock r., near the mouth of Urbanna cr., 
46 m. E. by N, Richmond. It contains a court-house, jail, 
several stores, and about 200 inhabitants. Considerable 
pine timber is exported. Steamboats plying between Bal- 
timore and Fredericksburg make this one of the stopping 
places. 

Urieville, p. v., Kent co,, Md. : on the E. side of Mor- 
gan's cr. of Cliesler r., 27 m. N. E, Annapolis. 

Ursa, p. o., Adams co., HI. : 3 m. E. of the Mississippi r., 
91 m. W. by N, Springfield. 

Ursine, p. o.. Grant co.. Wise. : 69 m. "W. by S. Madison, 

UsQUEi'AUon, p. v., Washington county, P. L : 13 uu "W. 
Newport. 



THE TERRITORY OF UTAH. 

Utah, originally a portion of California Alta, lies between latitudes 87° and 42°, and longitudes 10G<^ and 120^ west 
from Greenwich, or about 29° and 43° west from Washington. It is bounded north by Oregon, east by Nebraska and 
New Mexico, soulh by New Mexico, and soulh-west and west by California, In extreme length east and west 740 miles, 
and in breadth 340 miles, it contains an area estimated at 187.92.3 square miles. 

This territory occupies the groat basin lying between the Rocky Mouutains on one hand, and the Sierra Nevada on the 
other; and with the exception of its eastern portion, drained by the Colorado and its tributaries, forms a distinct geo- 
graphical region, having mouutaius, rivers, and lakes all its own, and which ori^nnatc and tt-rminate within its natural 
limits. It is one of the most peculiar counlrica of the world; and in many respects assimulatea the topography of 



UTAH. 

Palesline, and like Ihat country has its Dead Sea, Us mmmlain borders, its peculiar people as Palestine of oM and on its 
west the ni.-intime Philistines of California. The characleristies, hislorieal, eeozraphical, and iheocratieal, of the two 
might be compared indetliiilely ; nor is the resemblance less striking in form of government, in manners, and in customs. 
The physiCHl elements of the countries are the same, and the moral and religious, modified, however, by external associa- 
tions, only distinct in the perceptions of the sectarian. 

The Great Basin, in which the larger portion of Ulah lies, says Dr. Bemhisel, is about 600 miles long east and west, 
by 2Co miles breadth. It has never been fully explored ; but so far as it has been, a portion of it is f.iund to consist of arid 
and stenle plains, anolher of undulating table-lands, and a third of elevated mountains, a few of whose summits are 
capped with perpetual snow. Some portions of the basin .abound in rich and nulricious grasses. There are within its 
limits many streams and lakes, and of the latter, the most remarkable is the Great Salt Lake, which is about 70 miles in 
length, ami 30 to .35 miles in breadth. Its waters are a saturated solution of muriate of soda or common salt. Indeed, 
they contain more salt than they are capable of holding in soluti.m; and when low, considerable quantities of it are pre^ 
ci]iitatej to the bottom of the lake, or rather are there crystallized. No living creature can e.vist in this lake. A striking 
feature in the topography of this region is, that none of the streams or lakes have any visible outlet either to the AtUantic 
or PaciHe Ocean. Tho sources of the Colorado are in the Eocky Mountains, lying in Oregon and New Mexico, and the 
country in their vicinity is unfit for cultivation. 

No portion of that vast extent of country between the Great Basin and the Rocky Mountains is habitable excepting the 
valley of the Dint.ih, and perhaps that of Green Elver. The valleys known in the Great Basin are the Great Salt Lake 
Valley. Bear River Valley, Utah Valley, Tuab Valley, South Valley, Sevier Valley, and Sand Pitch Valley. The Great Salt 
Lake Valley, which is much the largest, is about 115 to 120 miles long, and from 20 to 40 broad, but the Salt Lake occupies 
the greater part of the northern portion of it. The surliice of the centre of the valley is level, but ascends gently on either 
side toward the mountains. There is in the immediate vicinity of the city bearing the name of this lake, a warm saline 
mineral spring issuing from the base of a mountain, the temperature of which is lOSO, and two miles north of this is a 
eimilar spring, whose temperature is 125° Fahr. The character of the best soil in the valleys that are inhabitable, is as 
follows: one portion of it is a vegetable loam, another a marly loam, and the third a gravelly shale containing some 
silica. The latitude of Great Salt Lake City is 411° 45' 44" north. The altitude is 4,300 feet. The climate is milder 
and drier in general than it is in the same parallel on the Atlantic coast. The temperature in the Salt Lake Valley in the 
winter season is more uniform than that of the Atlantic States in the same season, the thermometer rarely descending to 
zero. There is but little ram except on the mountains between the 1st May and the 1st October, and hence the necessity 
for irrigation in most places which are susceptible of it. The other valleys bear a general resemblance to the Salt Lake 
Valley, e.xccpt that they are much smaller ; South Valley being .30 miles long, by 20 broad ; Utah Valley about Co long, by 
20 broad, and Sand Pilch Valley some 40 or 50 long, and perhaps 20 wide. The only timber to be found in this region is 
in the cailons, on the banks of a few of the streams, and along the bases of some of the mountains. Wheat, rye, barley, 
buckwheat, oats, and Indian corn are its chief agricultural products; and all the garden vegetables peculiar to the Middle 
end Western StJites are produced in great perfection. Cotton, sugar, and rice, are not susceptible of cultivation in the 
region described ; tobacco and sweet potatoes can be produced in limited quantities. Only a few portions of the valleys 
are well supplied with water, and upon the rest but limited crops can be raised, as artificial irrigation in agriculture is 
indispensable to success. There are tracts of land of considerable extent in each of these valleys which are not susceptible 
of cultivation, because they can not be irrigated. 

: But limited portions, therefore, adds Erastus Snow, even of the most fertile and wannest v.alley8 in this region, can ever 
t>e made available for agricultural purposes, and only such as are adjacent to streams, and are well located for irrigation. 
Small valleys, surrounded by high mountains, are the most abundantly supplied wilh water, the streams being fed by the 
melting snow and summer showers. Broad extended plains, whether level or broken, are generally arid and unproduo- 
llve. Such is the whole eastern portion of Utah, including the valley of Green River, and those of its tributaries, which 
extend from the Sierra Madre on the east, to the Bear River ilivide on the west, and from the Wind River Chain, and 
Cascade mountains on the north, to a point at the south where Green River passes through the mountains, descending 
over rapids and cataracts, to the plains of the lower Colorado. Green River Valley is about 150 miles square : and though 
larger than several States of the Union, yet its elevation is such, and it is so ba'lly watered, that it is doubted whether a 
single spot in it is adapted to agriculture. There is, however, a small valley on the Uintah River, about 60 miles south of 
■Fort Bri'lger, which is, perhaps, the warmest and most Inviting in this portion of Utah, and in which a settlement will 
probably be made. 

..' The Great Basin, although warmer than the eastern section, is, to a great extent, as arid and unproductive. A portion of 
a large desert, extending through the centre of the basin from north to south. an«l from the western shore of the Great 
Salt Lake toward the Sierra Nevada, was evidently once the bed of the lake, for various portions of it are covered wilh 
incrustations of salt, and abound in salt springs, but are destitute of fresh water. All the str.'ams that have their sources 
in the eastern declivity of the Sierra Nevada for a distance of 500 miles, soon disappear beneath the surface, and none of 
them are known to disembogue themselves either into the lakes of the basin or into the Pacific Ocean. There are several 
small valleys and oases along the eastern base of the Sierra Nevada, but the.se are included within the limits of Ihc Stale 
of California. By far the most desirable portions of the Great Basin are the valleys on its eastern border, skirled by the 
Wasatch Range, which extend from near the moulh of Bear River to the Rio Virgin. 

An analysis of the facts presented by Dr. Bemhisel and Mr. Snow, exhibits difflcuUies of significant importance. Tho 
whole country is isolated from the Slates on either side, by mountains impassible except in a few gaps, and even through 
those during a great portion of the vear. Its seclusion in the middle of the continent, indeed, is more complete than if 
surrounded by waters in the middle of the ocean ; and its <li8tjince from the settlem.'uls in Iowa, Missouri, and Arkansas, 
is too great to allow of anv commercial connection. As to the latter point, witness Ihe following statement : from Indc- 
pen.lence (on Missouri Eiver) to Fort Kearnv, is 400 miles; from Ihe l:iltcr to Fort Laramie. S06 miles; thence to the 
north fork of the Platte River. 127 miles ; thence to Rock Iiidep,.ndence, 50 miles ; Ihence to South Pass, 100 miles: thence 
to Fort liridger, 118 miles; and thence to Salt Lake Citv, 11-3 miles: making a total distance of 1,214 miles. To IhU 
should be added, 400 miles between Independence and St. Louis, or in all 1.614 miles from Ihe Great Ball Lake to the 
first considerable market. In no part oftlii- vmt tract cm the raim o/krarm he relied upon «o am, great ertent for 
the cultiration of the .soU. The earth M rieMitule oftrm, ami in great part aim of any vegrtalinn whaterer. Should 
Ihe Great Pacific Railroad, however, be carried through this terriu.ry, the natural obstacles to intercourse w,.ul.l in a great 
measure be overcome, but at best, Utah must ever remain a country within itself naturally and politically, and as a 

669 



UTAH. 



member of the American "(Jnion, ■will ever be independent of that Union in all but in theory. Nor can the theological 

gyatem held by the inhabitants of Utah, have the sympathies of the more dogmatic sectaries of the old States. The 

success of lhi3 State, Iht-n, depends on no external infliienoes ; but on the inttrlligL'iice and forces of the people within. . 

Utah in 1S50 was divided into seven counties,* the general statistics of which and the capitals of each were as follows: 



Counties. Dwell. 


Pop. 


in mil 


Davis 215. 


. 1,1»4 


. 112 


Great Salt Lake 1,238 . 


6,157 . 


.505 


Iron 86. 


860 . 


. 54 


BanPete 62. 


385. 


. 61 



. . 1 . . MiUer'3 Creek 
, . 6 . . Salt Lake City 
. . 2 . . Cedar City 
. . 1 . . Monti City 



Counties. Dwell. 

Tooele 83 . 

Utah 4) I . 

Weber 227 . 



„ Farms Manuf. « -. i 

^"P- in cult. Estab. C«P'l«l«- 

152 . . 27 . . . . Tooele City 
2.000 . . 144 . . 4 . . Provo City 
1,186 . . 83 . . 2 . . Ogden City 



The whole number of dwellings in the Territory was at the above date 2,322 ; of families, 2,322 ; and of inhabitants, 
11,3S0 ; viz., whites 11,330— males 6,022, and females 5,3()S ; fr. col. 24— males 13, and females 12 ; si, 26. Of the whole 
population there were deaf and dumb, ; hliiuiy 2 ; iiisane, 3 ; and idiotic^ 2. The number of free persons born in 
the United States was 9,355 ; the number of foreign birth 1,990, and of birth unknown 9. The native population originated 
as follows : Maine 151. N. Harap. 123, Verm. 232, Mass. 350, K. I. 21, Conn. 193, N. V. 1,430, N. Jer. 96, Peun. 553, Del. 
17, Md. 27, Dist. of Col. 1, Virg. 99, N. Car. 92, S. Car. 53, Ga. 12, Flor. 4, Ala. 02, Miss. 119, La. S. Tex. 7, Ark. 7, Tenn. 
294, Ky. 256, Oh. 694, Mich. 121, liid. 303, 111. 1,2S5, Mo. 519, la. 726, 'Wise. 30, Calif. 14, Territories 76, ami ihe foreign. 
population was composed of persona from — England 1,056, Ireland lOG, Scotland 232, Wales 125, Germany 50, France 13, 
Spain 1, Portugal 0, Belgium 0, Holland 0, Turkey 0, Italy 1, Austria 3, Switzerland 1, Ilussia 1, Denmark 2, Norway 32, 
Sweden 1, Prussia 6, Greece 0, China 1, Asia 0, British America 333, Mexico 7, Central America 0, South America 0, West 
Indies 2, and other countries 12. 

The general statistics of the induBtry and wealth of the Territory, as derived from the census of 1850 and other official 
returns, are as follows: 

OccupUd Zrtrtf/, efc.— Improved farm land, 16,383 acres, and unimproved, 30,516; valued in cash at $311,799. The 
number of farms under cultivation on the Ist Juno, 1S50, was 926. Value of farming implements and machinery, $S4.25S. 

Live i'tot-A-.— H<)rse8, 5,429 ; asses and mules, 325 ; milch cows, 4,861 ; working oxen, 5,266 ; other cattle, 2,4S9 ; sheep, 
8,262, and swine, 914. Value of live-stock, $546,968. 

Products of Animals. — Wool, 9,223 pounds ; butter, 83,309 pounds ; cheese, 80,993 pounds, and the value of animals 
Blaughtered during the year had been $67,985. 

Grain C/-a/?«.— Wheat, 107,702 bushels; rye, 210 bushels; Indian com, 9,899 bushels; oats, 10,900 bushels; barley, 
1,799 bushels, and buckwheat, 332 bushels. 

Otiier Food tVo/w.— Peas and beans, 289 bushels ; potatoes— Irish, 43,963 bushels, and sweet 60 bushels. 

Mi9celUmeous Crops. — Tobacco, 70 pounds; hay, 4,305 tons; clover-seed, 2 bushels; hops, 50 pounds; flax, 550 
pounds; flax-seed. 5 bushels; molasses, 58 gallons; bees-wax and honey, 10 pounds, etc. Value of the produce of mar- 
ket-gardens, $23,863. 

Eome-rnade Manufactures were produced to the value of $1,-302. 

Mdnufactures.'-'lii 1S50 there were sixteen manufacturing establishments producing to the annual value oi $500 and 
upward. 

The ascertained value of all property, real and personal, assessed for taxation in 1850 amounted to $986,083. 

Government.— The basis of the government of Utah is identical with that of New Mexico, except that in it there is no 
provision that " no citizen of the United Slates shall be deprived of his life, liberty, or property, except by the judgment of 
his peers or the laws of the land." {See New Mexico, p. 552.) 

Historical Sketch. — The territory, now called Utah, formerly constituted a portion of the Mexican province of California 
Alta, and as such passed into the possession of the United Stales by the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. 2d February, 1S48. 
Previous to the Mexican War, few white men, except those engageil in scientific explorations, had entered the country. 
About the period that the war had broken out, the Mormons were driven from their city of Nauvoo, in Illinois, by mob 
violence, and shortly afterward emigrated to the borders of the Great Salt Lake. Their settlements became prosperous 
and populous, and within two years afier the first pioneers had entered the country their numbers had increased to about 
five thousand. After the ratification of peace, they found themselves without a government, and without protection for 
person or property. To remedy this anomalous condition of the body politic, a temporary government was organized 
under the style of "The Stale of Deseret," and under its sanction the usual government officials were elected. But the 
ultimate destiny of the country belonged to Congress, and that body, during the session of 1849-50, remanded the State 
back to a territorial condition under its present title. The increase of its population, however, continues to be so rapid, 
that it must at no distant period be admitted as a State, and whenever such an event is consummated Utah will, no doubt, 
form as bright an independency as the brightest star of our national galaxy. 

Fillmore City, in Millard County, is the political capital of the Territory, 



Utah county, Utah Ter. Extends from the mountains 
W. of the Utah lake to the Eocky mountains, and is about 
half a degree in width. Green r. passes through it, and by 
its branches drains the whole country. It is everywhere a 
hilly country, but has extensive and fertile valleys, in which 
agriculture is pursued with success. Farms 144; manuf. 4; 
dwell. 411, and pop.— wh. 1,991, fr. col. 9, si. 26— total 2,026. 
Capital: Pro ro City. 

Utah, p. o., Warren county, III.: 90 miles N, W. by N. 
Springfield. 

Utah, p. v., La Grange county, Ind. : at head waters of 
Pigeon r., 132 m. N. by E. Indianapolis. 



Utah, p. o., Lucas co., Ohio: 117 m.N. N. W. Columbns^ 

Utah lake, Utah co., crtak Ter. : 8. by E. of Great Salt 
lake, to which it is connected by the river Jordan. It re- 
ceives Timpanogoo r. and Spanish Fork, with other smaller 
streams from the E., and Utah r. from the S. 

Utah river, Utah Ter. : rises in W. part of San Pete co., 
flows W. into Juab county, where it takes a N. course, and 
empties into the S. end of ihe lake so called. 

Utah Lake, p. o., Utah coimiy, Utah Ter, : 82 miles N. 
Fillmore City. 

Utica, p. v., Clark co., Ind. ; on W. side of Ohio r., 5 m- 
below Charleston Landing, 130 m. S. by E. Indianapolis. 



* To Iheae ha'e slnoe been added the counties of " Desert." extending from the Salt Lake to the Californisn boundary—" Green River." in tha 
N. E. part of the territory—" Millard," in the S. W.— " Washington." in width half a degree, aad ruDiung aJung lUs whole l«ngtb til theS. border. 
ud<'Yu&b," lying imioediately N. of Millard Couoty— ia all tweivs counUea. 

8TO 



TJTI 



VAL 



Utica, p. v., Macnmb co., Midi. : on E. side of Clinton 
r., 76 miles E. by S. Lansing. It contains an iron foundry, 
several mills, stores, etc., an academy, and 2 churches. 
Utica, p. v.. Hinds co.. Miss. : 29 ra. W. P. W. -Jackson. 
Utica, p. v., Livingston co., Mo. : on 8. aide of Grand r.i 
at the head of steamboat navigation, 113 m. N. W. Jeffersuu 
City. 
Utica. p. o., Dane co., Wise. 

Utioa, p. city, Oneida co., ^. K ; on S. side of Mohawk 
r., 84 m. W. N. W. Albany, direct, l)y railroad 95 in. Lat. 
(Dutch church) 4:i^ 06' 49" N., long. 75° 13' W. The cily is 
bnilt upon ground rising from the river toward the S., and 
commands a beautiful prospect of the Moliawk valley. It 
is laid out with general regularity, witli spacious streets, 
many of which are 100 feet wide, and is well buill, having 
many fine blocks of stores and ek-gant dwelling!*. It con- 
tains a cnurt-house, 20 churches, 2 orphan as}lum9, a good 
public market, 5 banks, with aggregate capital of $l,Gli','2iiO, 
1 savings bank, and 2 insurance companies. The State 
Lunatic Asylum is located about 1 m. W. of the centre of 
the city, on elevated ground, with splendid buildings, sur- 
rounded by a farm of 160 acres. In 1?50 it contained 4-19 
inmates, 226 males, and 223 females. The total cost of these 
buildings at completion. according to the plan proposed, 
will be about $500,000. Much attention is given to educa- 
tion in the public schools, private academies, etc. There 
are two flourishing incorporated seminaries, one for males, 
and the other for females, of which the hitter especially has 
a high reputation : also three lili-rary associations. 

Utica is surrounded by one of ihe best agricultural and 
manufacturing districts in the Union. Its connections by 
the Erie and Chenango canals, and the great line of rail- 
roatis from Albany to Buffalo, which pass through {he city, 
give it great advantages for trade. By railroad, it is 7t> m. 
from Schenectady. 53 m. from Syracuse, 225 ra. from Buffalo. 
The Erie Canal has hero been enlarged to 70 feet wide and 
7 feet deep, presenting a fine appearance from several beau- 
tiful bridges by which it is spanned. A culvert between the 
canal and the river cost about $100,000. Tlie principal 
manufactures carried on iu the city are those of iron and 
machinery, leather, carriages, and flour ; but the smaller es- 
tablishments are very numerous and various. The news- 
paper press in 1S50 comprised 13 issues: viz., 4 dailies, 
"Evening Observer"" (dem.), "Oneida Whig," "Oneida 
Herald" (whig), and "Utica Gazette" (whig), each of wliich 
issued weekly editions; 5 other weeklies, "Utica Democrat'' 
(tree soil), " Gospel Messenger" (free soil), " American Bap- 
tist," " New York Baptist Eegisler," and "■ American Mes- 
senger" (relig.) ; 3 temperance papers, "Utica Teetotaller,'' 
" Cadet's Banner," and " Central City Cadet," the last two 
semi-monthly ; and 1 monthly, "The Mirror" (relig.) 

Ulica stands upon the site of old Fort Schuyler, erected 
in 175S, during the French War. In 1794 it conl^uneil lour 
inferior houses ; in 179S it was incorporated as a village, and 
received its present name ; in 1S17 it was incorporated as a 
town, and in 1^2 received its city charter. It is divided 
into six wards, and governed by a mayor and 13 aldermen, 
elected annually. Pop. in 1630, S,323 ; iu l.>40, 12,762; iu 
1850,17,565. 

Utica, p. v., Van Buren co., Iu. : 63 m. 6. S. W. Iowa 
City. 

Utica, p. v., Licking co., Ohio: on E. side of N. fork of 
Licking river, 47 m. by the Central Ohio, and the Sandusky, 
Mansfield, and Newark E. K. from Columbus. Pop. 420. 

Utica, p. v., Venango c^fiunty, Petni. : on the W. side of 
Venango r., 173 m. W. N. W. llarrisburg. 

Utica Mills, p. v., Frederick co., M<f. : on Fishing cr. 
branch of Monocacy r., 53 m. N. W. Annapolis. 

Utov, p. v., Dekalb county, Ga. : 91 miles N. W. by N. 
Milledgeville. The Macon and Western IC. U. passes about 
4 m. W. of the village. 

Utteb's Cobnees, p. 0., Walworth co., Wise: 53 m. S. E. 
Madison. 



Uvalde county, rft». Situate centrally, and eonlaina about 
1,300 sq. m. Drained by the Rio Frio and its branches, and 
branches of Nueces r., which runs on its W. border. Surface 
varied, the N. portion being hilly and rather mountainous, 
but in the S. it is undulating, and the land more capable of 
cultivation ; soil in general a dark calcareous loam, and ia 
parts very fertile, and producing abundantly corn, wheat, 
cotton, li>bacco, indigo, and various culinary vegetables. 
The nopal, or prickly pear, abounds, forming thick hedges, 
and covering a large portion of latid iti the co. ; the fruit of 
this tree attains a large size, and has au excellent flavor. It 
contains good prairie.and timber land. 

Uwciiland, t and p. o., Chester county, Perm. : 85 miles 
E. S. E. Harrisburg. Drained by Brandywino creek, whicli 
affords good water-power. Surface plane, with a slight de- 
clination ; soil fertik*, principally a sandy loam with clay. 
It contains several stcpres and a number of mills and facto- 
ries, and has a populatitm of about l,f.O0. 

UxiJEiDQE, t, p. v., and sta., Worcester co., Mass. : 86 m, 
S. W. Boston. The Blackstone r. crosses the E. jmrt oft 
Drained by tributaries of Blackstone r., and has good water- 
power. It contains several manufactories. The Uxhridge 
Woolen Company, and Messrs. Wheelock's establishment 
manufacture over 300,000 yards of woolen goods annually. 
The V. is on the Providence and Worcester R. li., IS miles 
S. E. Worcester, anrl contains a bank, capital $100,000, 2 
churches. There are deposits of iron ore here, and a flne 
species of granite is quarried. Pop. of t 2,457. 



Vail's Cross Roads, p. o., Morrow county, O?iio: 44 m. 
N. by E. Columbus, 

Vail's Gate, sta., Orange county, 2^. J'.; on Newburg 
Branch K. R., 5 m. 8. W. from Newburg, 83 miles S. by W. 
Alttany. 

Vail's Mills, p. o., Fultou co., JV. Y. : 52 m. W. N. W. 
Albany. 

Valatie, p. v., Columbia county, N. K .' at confluence of 
Valatie and Kinderhook creeks, 2 mites N. E. Kinderhook, 
19 m. S. by E. Albany. It contains 4 largo cotton fuctoricB, 
some other mills, 2 iron foundries, 3 churches, etc. Pop. 
about 1,650. 

Valcopr island, -V: Y.: on Lake Champlaiu 5 mile* 
S. by E. Plattsburg. 3 m. long, and 1 m. wide. 

Valeene, p. v., Orange county, Iiid. : 35 miles 8. by W. 
Indianapolis, 

Vale Mills, p. o., Giles co., Tenn.: 66 m. 8. by W. 
Nashville. 

Valencia county, K. Mex. Situate 8. E., and covers a 
large territory exlen<ling between 32^ and 35'^ N. lat., and 
between Texas on the E. and the Rio Grande on the W. 
The Sierra Blanco follows the course of the Rio Grande at a 
distance of about 40 m., and is the watershed of the coun- 
try, dividing the Pecos from the grtat river on ihn W. It 
abounds in gold and silver, etc., and at many places raining 
was once extensively engaged in. The Guadalufw) mla- 
also extend N. into this county, and beyon-l them are aevo- 
ral detached elevations. The settlomentii are all on the Rio 
Grande, the E. portion being a wihleniess. Farui^ 1,379; 
mauuf. 1; dwell. 2.877, and pop.-wh. 14,147, fr. col. 0— 
total 14.U7. OipiUil: Valencia. 

VALENTL4, p. o., Shclby county, Ohio: 49 m. W. N. W. 
Columbus. 

Vallk CECCifl, p. o., Ashe co., 2^. Car.: IW m. W. by N. 
Raleigh. Hero is an Episcopal missionary school. 

Vallkjo. p. v., Solano enunly, Calif. : and ca|Mtal of tho 
State of California, is situated on the Napa Straits. 25 inilca 
N. N. K. San Francisco. The permanent location of tho 
seat of government at this place Is not eerUin, the legisla- 
ture of 1S52-3 having adjourned to Uenlda on Suisun bay, 
S miles K. bv S. ValU^o. The present general intereata of 
Vallcjo are entirely agricultural aud grazing. The emlnenco 

en 



VAL 



designated for the capitol buddings commands an extensive 
prospect of beautiful scenery. 

■Vaut-ev, p. 0., TazeweU county, F»v- •■ 230 m. TV. by S. 
KichmuL^d. 

Valley Falls, p. o.. Providence co., R. I. : on E. side 
of Blackstone r., 80 miles N. Newport. Here are large fac- 
tories of print goods, running about 15,000 spindles, and 
making ovtr 3,0u0,000 yards per annum. 

Vallet Fokge, p. V. and sta., Chester CO., Penn. : on the 
8. side of the SchuylkiU r., near the mouth of Valley creek, 
70 m. E. Harrisburg. It contains several factories and mills, 
which are also numerous upon the banks of the stream 
above. The Philadelphia and Beading E. R. passes 
through, 23 m. from Philadelphia, 70 m. from PottsviUe. 
This locality is of historical interest, from having been the 
winter quarters of the American army iu 1777-S. 

Vailev Geote, p. o., Monroe Co., Ark. : 6IJ m. E. by S. 
Ijttle Eock. 

Valley Geote, p. o., De Soto county, Mi^s. : 163 m. N. 
Jackson. 

Vallev Head, p. o., Do Kalb co., Ala.: 159 m. N. by E. 
Montgomery. 

Valley Peaieie, p. o., Barry co., JTo. ; 154 m. S. W. by S. 
Jefferson City. 

Valley Town, p. o., Cherokee county, X Car. : 304 m. 
■W. by S. Ealeigh. 

Vallonia Spelsgs, p. o., Broome co., JV. T. : lOS nl. 
W. S. W. Albany. 
Valonia. p. v., Jackson co., Tiut : 62i m. S. Indianapolis. 
Valparaiso, p. v., and cap. Porter co., J?ul. : on E. side 
of Salt cr., 123 m. N. N. W. Indianapolis. It contains the 
county buildings, 8 hotels, churches, etc. First settled in 
1836. The " Practical Observer" (dem.) is here published. 
Vam Bfeen county, Ark. Situate N. centrally, and con- 
tains 1.456 sq. m. Drained by Little Bed r. and its branches. 
Surface varied ; soil fertile, and adapted to corn and graz- 
ing. Good crops of wheat are raised, and there is some 
fine timber on the land. Farms 3S0 ; maimf. ; dwell. 448, 
and pop.— wh. 2,761, fr. col. 0, si. 103— total 2,S64. Capital: 
Clinton. 

Van Biteen county, Ta. Situate S. E., and contains 450 
sq. m. Des Moines r., a tributary of the Mississippi, Hows 
through it from N. W. to S. E., by which and ilj! branches 
it is drained. Surface undulating, in parts hilly; soil fer- 
tile. It is a fine mineral country, and iron, copper, and tin 
ores are found abundantly. Marble of excellent quality is 
quarried here. Farms 99S ; roanuf. 23 ; dwell. 2,009, and 
pop.— wh. 12.266, fr. col. 4— total 12,270. Capital : Keo- 
sauque. PiiUic Works: Des Moines Eivcr Improvements. 
Van Bheen county, ilich. Situate S. W. of the South- 
em Peninsula, and contains 620 sq. m. Drained by Paw- 
paw r. and its branches ; in the central part, by S. branch of 
Black r., and Brush and Dowagiake creeks, which supply 
good water-power. Surface level; soil fertile, the rhief 
productions of which are, wheat, Indian corn, and potatoes. 
The Pawpaw r. is navigable for boats 70 m. from its mouth. 
Farms 459 ; manuf. IS ; dwell. 1,053, and pop.— wh. I>,SII0, 
fr. col. 0— total 5,S00. CopitoZ; Pawpaw, ruhlic Works: 
Michigan Central E. E. 

Van Bukkn county, Tenn. Situate N. centrally, and 
contains 312 sq. m. Drained by Laurel cr. and other 
branches of Caney fork of Cumberland r., which flows on 
its N, border. Surface undulating ; soil fertile, and adapted 
to wheat and grain. Farms 192 ; manuf. 6 ; dwell. 404, and 
pop— wh. 2,481, fr. col. 18, si. 175— total 2,674. CajjiUd : 
Spencer. 

Van Buken, p. v., De Kalb co., Ala. : on E. side of 
Will's cr., 132 m. N. by E. M.mtgomery. 

Van Buken, p. o., De Kalb co., JU.: 147 m. N. N. E. 
Springfield. 

Van Bueen, p. o., Anderson CO., Ki/.: IS m. S. by W. 
Frankfort. 
Van Buren, p. y., and cap. Crawford co.. Ark. : on N. 
872 



VAN 

side of Arkansas r, 124 m. "W. N. W. Little Eock. It con- 
tains the county buildings, several stores, etc., and has con- 
siderable river trade. The "Van Buren Intelligencer" 
(dem.) is issued weekly. Pop. 547. 

Van Bdeen, p. o.. Clay co., Ind. : 55 m. W. S. W. In- 
dian.apolis. The Terre Haute and Eichmond E. B. passes 
near it, 10 m. from Terre Haute. 

Van Bueen, p. o., Itawamba co., ifisa. : on W. side of 

Tombigbee r., 165 m. N. E. by N. Jackson. Pop. about 100. 

Van Bueen, p. v., and cap. Eipley co., Mu. : on E. bank 

of Current r., 123 m. S. E. by S. Jefferson City. It contains 

the county buildings and several dwellings. 

Van Bueen, t and p. o., Onondaga Co., N. V. : on S. side 
of Seneca r., 144 ra. W. by N. Albany. Surface undulating. 
Drained by Camp brook and other streams flowing S. into 
Seneca r. The Oswego and Syracuse E. E. passes through 
its N. E. part, and the Erie Canal touches its S. border at 
Canal p. o. It contains mills of various kinds, and has 
considerable manufactures. Pop. of t. 8,S7.3. 

Van Buren, p. o., Hancock co., Ohio : 95 m. N. W. by N. 
Columbus. 

Van Bueen, p. o., Washington co., Pmn. : 180 m. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Van Buren, p. v., Hardeman county, Tenn.: lU m. 
S. W. by W. Nashville. 

Van BiTEF.N CE.-iTEE, p. o., Onondaga co., iV. l". .• 9 m. 
W. N. W. Syracuse, 142 m. W. by N. Albany. 

Van Buren Furnace, p. o., Shenandoah co., Virg.: 
116 m. N. W. by N. Eichmond. 

Van Buren Harboe, p. v., Chautauqne co., JV. T. : on 
E. side of Lake Erie, 295 m. W. Albany. The Buffalo and 
State Line E. E. passes near it, 4 m. from Dunkirk. It is 
regularly laid out, and has a convenient landing. 

Vanceboeo', p. v., Winnebago county, III.: 177 m. N. 
Springfield. 

Vancebubg, p. v., Lewis co., K)/. : on S. bank of Ohio r., 
93 m. E. N. E. Frankfort. It contains a few stores, shops, 
etc. A good bed of copperas, a fine limestone quarry, and 
clay suitable for stone-ware and flre-briek are found in the 
vicinity. 

Vance's Ferry, p. o., Orangeburg district, S. Car,: on 
S. W. bank of Santee r., 50 m. S. E. by S. Columbia. 

Vanceville, p. o., Washington co., Penn. : 166 m. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Van Clevesville, p. o., Berkeley co., Tirg. : 123 m. 
N. by W. Eichmond. 

Vancouver (Foet), v., Clark co., Oreg. Ter.: on N. 
bank of Columbia r., 12 m. above the mouth of Willamette 
r., GO m. N. N. E. Salem. Columbia Barracks, at this 
place, is a U. 8. military post garrisoned by artillery. 

Vanoalia, p. v., and cap. Fayette co.. III. : on W. bank 
of Kaskaskia r., 60 m. S. E. by S. Springfield. Lat 88° 50' 
N., long. 89° 02' W. Its site is high, undnlating, and was 
originally a timbered tract. It was selected by commis- 
sioners, with 4 sections of land, granted by Congress in 
1818, for the seat of government for 20 years. The capital 
was removed to Springfield July 4th, 1839. It was regu- 
larly laid out, with streets 80 feet wide, and crossing at right 
angles. In the centre is a public square, on elevated ground, 
containing the public buildings formerly used by the State. 
It also contains a TJ. S. land-oflJce and several churches. 
The " Fayette Yeoman" is published weekly. From the 
important railroad connections which Vandaiia will soon 
liave with all parts of the State, it promises to become one 
of the greatest thoroughfares of trade and travel in Illinois. 
The railroads .already in construction to pass through it are, 
Illinois Central E. E. ; Massac and Sangamon E. E. ; and 
Mississippi and Atlantic E. E. The National Eoad has pre- 
viously been of much benefit The surrounding country 
near the river is heavily timbered, and a few miles back 
are extensive prairies. Pop. about 1,100. 

Vanoalia, p. o., Owen coimty, Ind. : 61 miles S. W. 
Indianapolis. 



VAN 



VER 



V^NBAUA, p. o.,Cass CO., Mid,.: % m S. W Lan^ng^ 
Vandaua! p. o., Montgomery co., 0!,.o : 3 m. W. .f 
Miami r. and canal, 0-2 m. W. by S. Columbus. 

Y...K.„uBO county, M. Situate S^W. on Oh,o r ^ 
contains 240 sq. ra. Drained by Big P'S'"™' ^"^ ^^^ 
LitUe, and Locust creeks. The succession of "" '"".!?' »• 
and table-land, characteristic of the r.ver comtt es, , here 

and Evansville and Illinois U. E. 

Ya>- DEUSESVI..LE, p. V. and sta., Berkshire <^<>-<f '■''.■ 
on W. side of Ilousatonic r., UT tn. W by ^■f'^HJ^^ 
Berkshire K. E. passes through the v., 23 m. <5»'» ^ ' 7' 
and the Slockbridge E. E. extends hence ° *=| ''•^ ™«^ 

Van DreE-s M.li., p. o., Spencer countj, Ay. . -0 m. 
W. S. W. Frankfort. v . lis m 

VA-. Etioxville, p. o., Chemung co., 2.. T.. lob m. 

^7/G'=!o:;!;.a.. Morgan co., 7.. : on Sangamon and 

MorgL R E., 50 m. from ^P--S<^f-'\'^-'Z\^'t 
vIn lUi-L, p. o., Hawkins Co., Ta,n.: 215 m. E. by N. 

Nashville. „ , 

Van n.sEvir.LE, p. 0., Mercer eounly, N J'^- _ 
Van Hook's Stoek, p. o., Person county, A. Lar. . 4, m, 

N.N.W. Ealeigh. . , 

Van H0EKESV1LIJ5, p. c, Uerkitner co., ^. 1.. CO m. 

W. N. W. Albany. ,„■-.-.„, w bv W 

Vanlite, p. c, Hancock county, Oluv . .4 m. N. by 

Columbus. . ., .,^ K 

VanxoVs Mill, p. o.. Pike county, 3Io. . 6. m. N. t. 

Jefferson City. ,^„ . i jAm TJ W bvW 

Vass-s Valley, p. o., Floyd CO., Ga. : 146 m. N.'n . by vv . 

Milledgeville. /ii.,-„.onm N N E. 

Vann's Vallev, p. 0., Delaware CO., Oh.o . 20 m. N. i*. t- 

Columbus. . . , f , „[ 

Van Syckles, p. o., Hunterdon co., i..J-^<- at fool 

Musconeton- Mountain, 81 m. N. N. W. Trenton. 

VrWEcrx county, Ohio. Situate W. to-^^J*''.,^; -" 

CO nutL 39G sq. m.' Drained by St. Mary's an L,t ^ Au 

glaize rivers, and other small streams, f "-f^" ;>^'^„°; 

county. Farms 31T -. manuf . ; ^^J^:^^,,, 
wh. 4,766, fr. col. 4--tolal 4,S13. «'/'^'^^; (,^„^,_,^. 
P,a,lic Works: Ohio and Indiana 1..E. , M.am^^ 

^^MSi;g:^ira:;r;;|p>^->».. 

etc The Ohio and Indiana I., l- w'" P»'i' ' 

tI Democratic papers »- P"«f ^.O^;';;"" ^"' ^""" 

has some beds "' ' °" "'"; ^ 4. dweU. 246, and pop.- 
forest trees. Farms 13S , manul. 4^^ ^^ ^^^ ^ _^^_ 

whites 1.308, free col. 0, si. 40-total 1,3!». y 

" vIeeI'^s, p. v., Anderson dist, 5. Car. : on W. side of 
■o i-v r qi m W. by N. Columbia. 
^'vae-c'k uTnd p. a, Seneca county, K Y.: 160 m. W 
iiLnv It is bounded E. by Cayuga lake, and W. b> 
t^e a'lHke surface somewhat elevated in the mid le ; 
!„i"Trt!re The inhabitant are generally engaged ,„ 
farming. Pop. 1,3'2. ^^ 



V vr..BTY Mills, p. o., Nelso., co., Hr,/. .' S5 m. W. by N. 
Eichmond. It contains several dwellings and a tew imlls 

V MiNA, p. v., Tompkins county, X. Y. : 140 m. "W. by 3. 
Albany, on Fall cr., which affords water-power to several 
mills. Pop. about 200. ,. . , . 

VAEYsnl-ao, p. v., Wyoming CO., ^. Y :o.^ side of 
head branch of Tonawanda creek, 23G ">• ^ ■ '\,">f> ' " 
contains several mills and stores, and 2 churches. lop. 

" u E0EO-, t and p. o., Kennebec CO., Me. : on E. side 
of K nnebec r, 10 m^N. by E. Augusta Vessels come 
from the ocean to this t. by means of the dam an, locfc at 

fwoo wl'-h '->-•> -ater-power. There is a arge iium- 
"r of tanneries, grist and saw mills, etc., m the U 1 opu- 

'triulvrLL., p. o., Putnam CO., OMo: 120 m. N. W. 

""TTu:. V.ALLEY, p. 0., Uutherford co., r.,...: 80 m. 

^■^-I^TX Brazoria county, T^.: at the mouth of 
the Br^os' I It'o m. S. E. by E. Austin City. Tins place 
early received a business impulse from the settlement of 
ap ita si in the village and vicinity. The Brazos is hero 
about 800 yardswide, with a good harbor. The village has 
:„me coasting trade, and promises to become one of the 
most important places on the coast of Texas 
Venango c.unly, Penn. Situate toward the N. W., antt 

I— :-;!» -?=.?"=%•:= 

H don which large numbers of cattle and hogs are fat- 
t" d-enough to supply the neighboring markets F armB 

40-lotal 18,310. Onntal : Frankbii I "';-""/;; ^^ 
lec^hany Valley K. E.; Pittsburg and Erie E. U. , I ranklm 

Tena^'o^-p'o., Crawford CO., P.....-mn,.N.^V.byW. 
Louses and stores. The J""*™ '" p ,, „„„„t 450. 

^t^^::Twr;^-:;;Xi.:ioom.w. 

ITarrisburg. ,„ . . 05 m. E. N. E. 

Vesice, p. c, Shiawassee co., Mii.h.. a m. r, 

"■ VEsfcE P o., Madison co., III. : on E. side of Mississippi 

river, 82 m. S. S. VT. '^^^T M.: SO m. N. E. by N- 

Vera Cp.uz, p. o., TVells co., 
Indianapolis. y, 5, „ 9, Albany. 

VEnBANK,p.o.,D.iche^co ^^ ,,,,,... 58 m. N. W. 

Vebmeuville, p. 0., orange ^ , 
Richmond. y, . 22 ni. N. Eichmond. 

Springfield. ,.„„i co JKcA. .- « m. N. W. I-inslng. 

VEEr.ENN-ffi,p.o.,K'!n'5»-;^^ ,.„,„., i, bcautituUy 

VEEOENN^, p. City. Addi^^ ^;„,i^ation,7 m. f^om 11, 

M,naU.d on OtU^r ct^. t th he^d of J^^ ^^ ^^ ^^^^^ 

niou.h, 33 m. V, . ' S- ^™ /^ ^„„ i„„„,„, forming three 
500 feet wide, and ,s ""^"^ ^> ,^^, ,„,h, fumi-.hing Im- 
channels, and ■-P^'^^^f , ;^'„catly buiU, and present, 
„,„,e water-power. ^^''J^J The factories, mill^ and 
, very pWure.sque apparnnco. ^^^^^^^^ 

lanneries. improving *^ '^^^P^^^^.i f„m Monkton, i. 
ou». The manufacture of iron, ooui. ^^ 



VERMONT 



carried on extensively. The cily contains 1 bank, cap. 
$100,000, an academy, nil United States arsenal and ordi- 
nance depot, and 3 cluirche^. The Enlland and Burling- 
ton R. R. passes through, 9S m. from Bellows Falls. 22 m. 
from Burlington. Otter cr. is somtjwhat crooked between 
the city and the lake, but vessels of 300 tons can come 
to the wharves. Vergennes was first settled in 17G6, and 
incorporated in HSS. Here was fitted out the squadron of 
M'Donough, which achieved the celebrated victory of Platts- 
burg, Sept. 1 Ith, ISU. The " Vergennes Vermonter" (whig) 
is pnblislied weekly. Pop. in 1S40, 1,017; in 1S50, 1,3TS. 

Veemillion county. III. Situate E., and contains 1,20S 
sq. m. Drained by Big and Little Vermillion rivers and 
their affluents, which traverse the co. N. and S. Surface 
undulating; a large portion is prairie. Soil fertile, and pro- 
duces wheat and grain in abundance. Farms 1,269 ; maiiuf. 
15; dwell. 1,9S5, and pop.— wh. 11,4S2, fr. col. 10— total 
11,492. Capital: Danville. Public Wor^ : Great 'Wesler a 
Central R. R. 

VERMtLLioN county, In(f. Situate W., between Wabash 
r. and the Illinois State line, and contains 280 sq. m. Nu- 
merous streams, of which Big and Little Vermillion rivers 
are the principal, and tributaries of the Wabash, drain the 
land. Surface high and level, with some bluffs, and two- 
thirds of the whole is covered with forest. Soils excellent. 
Coal is abundant, and extensive beds of iron ore are found 
on Brouillet's creek. Farms "33 : manuf. 46 ; dwell. 1,509, 
and pop.— wh. 8,543, fr. col. IS— toUil S,C61. CapiUd : New- 
port 

Vermillion parish, La. Situate S. W., and contains 
1,545 sq. m. Drained by small streams of Vermillion river. 
Surface generally level, and much of it covered with pine 
forest and otlier timbers ; soil fertile, and, with cultiva- 
tion, producing rice, cotton, sugar, etc., which form its 



staple. It contains part of Mermentau liike in its western 
portion, and small bays of the lake which indent its coasL 
On the eastern side is Vermillion bay, a large expanse of 
water, and washing part of the shore of Si. Mary's co. in the 
N. W. In the extreme S. E. is Grand Itland, separated 
from it by Grand Bass. P^arms 19S ; manuf. ; dwell. 406 
and pop.— wh. 2,323, it. col. 14, si. 1,067— total 3,409. CapU 
tat : La Fayette. 

Vermillion, p. o., Oswego co., N. T. : 180 m. W. N. W. 
Albany. 

Vkrmillion, t,, p. v., and port, Erie co., Ohio: 93 m. 
N. N. E. Cohimbus. Bounded N. by Lake Erie. The L 
contains large deposits of iron ore, which is much wrought. 
The v. at Un- mouth of Vermillion r. has a convenient har- 
bor, improved by LT. S. Government, Its imports, in 1S4S, 
amounted to $150,000 ; exports, $.207,200— total lake trade, 
$307,200. The Junction R. R. from Toledo to Cleveland 
will pass through this place. Pop. oft. 1,515. 

Vermillion river, HI, : rises in Livingston co., flows 
N. W., and empties into Illinois r., at the foot of the rapids 
in La Salle co. It furnishes got)d water-power by falls and 
rapids in its lower part On its banks are valuable quarries 
of limestone, ciial, and sandstone. 

Vermillion river and bay. La. : the r. rises in St. Landre 
par., and flows S. into W. part of Vermillion bay. It is 
navigable to Vermillionville. The bay is about 20 m. long, 
with the same width, and has 10 or 12 feet water, but not 
more than 5 feet on the bar at its entrance. C6l6 Blanche 
bay connects it with the Gulf of Mi-xico. 

Vermillionville, p. v., and cap. La Fayette par., La. : 
50 m. W. by S. Baton Rouge. It is situated on a beautiful 
plain, IJ m. from W. bank of Vermillion r., at the head of 
navigation, and contams the county buildings, etc. Pop. 
about 250. 



THE STATE OF VERMONT. 



Vermont, so called from the verdant aspect of its mountains, lies between 42'^ 44' and 45° latitudes north, and between 
71° 38' and 73^ 26' longitudes west from Greenwich, or between 3° 36' and 5^ 24' east from Washington. It is bounded 
on the north by Lower Canada, on the east by New Huinpshire, on the south by Massachusetts, and on the west by 
New York. Its eastern boundary is formed by the Connecticut River, and on Iho west it is separated from Now Yoik 
chiefly by Lake Champlain. The length of the State fi-om north to south is 157 miles, and its breadth from east to west 
from 40 to 92 miles, its widest part being on the northern State line. The superficial area of the country is estimated to 
contain 10.212 square miles. 

The surface of Vermont, with some slight exceptions, is mountainous. The most striking feature in its topop^raphy is 
the range called the Green Mountains, which traverses the State in a direction north and south. Southward it is contin- 
ued into Massachusetts, where it is known under tlie name of the Hoosic Mountains. In the centre of the State this ridge 
biftircates: one branch, the Western, and principal, continuing in a northerly direction, sinks down gr:idnally, and 
terminates near the northern boundary: and the other, or Eastern branch, called also the "Height of Land," strikes a 
course to the north-east, and, passing into Canada, is lost on the shores of the St. Lawrence. The latter divides the streams 
of lakes Champlain and Memphremagng from the tributaries of the Connecticut, while the former, though loftier, pre- 
sents a more broken outline, and is cut through by several rivers. It is a curious fact that this immense barrier has a 
passage through it, even without any high hills, and the southern branch of the Onion River, which passes through it and 
flows into Lake Champlain, has its source very near to, if not in, the same swamp with the bead waters of White River, 
which flows into the Connecticut. The Vermont Central Railroad also passes along these streams without any consider- 
able elevations or depressions, although near the base of t'amel's Rump, one of the highest peaks of tlie nmge. The part 
of the mountains which traverses the southern portion of the State forms the watershed between the Hudson and Con- 
necticut rivers. The base of these mountains varies from ten to fifteen miles in width. Beautiful and fertile valleys 
intersect them everywhere, and the slopes are covered with growths of small evergreen trees and shrubs, and Ihc sum- 
mits with green mosses and winter grasses. There are many fine farms among the hills, and much of the land upon 
them is excellent for grazing. Before the mountain bifurcates, the highest summit is Killington Peak, 3,675 feet above 
the level of the sea ; but there are two higher culminations after It divides, and which are in the western range : these are 
Camel's Rump, on the south side of Onion River, which is 4,1SS feel high ; and Mansfield Mountain, the highest of all, 
which is 4,2(9 feet high. Ascutney is an isolated mountain in the to^-n of Windsor, near the Connecticut the apex of 
which is 3,320 feet above tide-water. In the neighborhoods of Lake Champlain and the Connecticut River the country 
is only moderately uneven, and in many places extensive level tracts are found, which form a striking contrast to the gen 
eral features of the country. 

The Connecticut River washes the eastern borders of the State, the watershed, or dividing ridge already mentioned 
being nowhere more than thirty-five miles from the river, and tliroughout most of it^* course not more than half that 
distance; its tributaries in tiiis State, viz.. the Deerfleld, White. Black, an<l Passumpsio rivers are scarcely more than 
mountain torrents. On the western side of the ridge the streams have chiefiy a north- westerly course, and tire consider- 
ably longer ; but as they force their way through the westerly branch of the mountain ranges, their courses are also rapid 
874 



VERMONT. 



and much broken by falls. The Missisqui, Lamoille, Onion, ami oilier creeks flowing into Lake Charaplai.i. arc ihc prin- 
cipal, an.l these afr„r,l navigalion for lake craft to their lower casca.ies, from five to si.v miles up. The liallenkil ami 
Uoos.c rivers have their rise in tlie S. pan of the range, but soon pass into New Tork. The whole Stale is abundanlly 
watered l.y pure runiimg brooks, many of wliitli, as also the larger streams, arc turned to use in operating numerous mills. 

Lake Clianiplani e.xten.ls .-doug the western border a distance of 140 miles, and varies in width from one to sixteen 
miles, covering an area of COO scpiare miles. It is sufficiently deep for the largest class of shipping ; it is, however usually 
navigated by vessels of SO or IDO tons, to which the rivers and canals are accessible, and several fine steauiboa'ta jily to 
ami from different points on its shores. It receives the surplus waters of Lake George, an.l discharges ilsclf by the Sor- 
relle or liiclRlieu, wliieh, by means of some canals round its rapids, affords a navigable conimunicati..n with the St. 
Lawrence. At its soulheru base it is connected by canal with the Hudson Kiver and the New Tork and Krie Canal] 
There are several large islands in llio northern jiart of the lake, which, together with Alliurg Peninsula, divide il in its 
broadest part into two unequal proportions. There are also some flity or sixty smaller islands. The aspect of its shores 
Is varied and pleasant; the peaks of the Green Mountains are visible in Ihe distance, and well-cultivated farms line its 
shores. The harbors on Ihe Vermont side of the lake arc generally good, and the principal of tli< se arc Hiirlinston, 8t 
Albans, and Tergennes. Lake Memphremngog is [lartly in this State, but mostly in Canada ; it is thirty miles long, and 
discharges its waters into the St. Lawrence through the channel of the St. Francis River. Between llie mountains and 
New York Stale line there are several smaller lakes, which are known under the names of liombazine Lake, Aualiu 
Lake, Great Trout Tond, etc., which are remarkable for the purity and clearness of their waters and Ihe bland scenery 
that surrounds them. 

The minerals produced in this State are iron, copper, zinc, and a great variety of rocks. Iron occurs in great abund- 
ance. Sulphuret of iron, or pyrites, is found at Strafford and Shrewsbury, from which an immense quantity of copperas is 
annually manufactured. Copper has been discovered near Brandon, and a few miles south-cast of thai place a bed of 
silver and copper. The ore of the latter is incorporated with milk quartz and argillaceous slate ; an average specimen, 
analyzed by W. H. Shepherd, mineralogist, yielded .51.13 per cent, of irare silver and 17.09 of copper. Lead, zinc, and 
manganese are also found. At Monckton, near Burlington, there is also an extensive bed of kaolin, or porcelain earth. 
Granite, however, is the great staple, and marbles of flue quality are extensively quarried at Middlebury, Swanton, Beu- 
nington, etc. The novaculite, or oil-stone, sold under the name of magog oil-slone, is found on one of the islands in 
Lake Memphremagog, and quarries of slate are wrought near Brattleboro'. Vermont has also several mineral sprin<^ 
containing iron and sulphur, which are resorted to for relief in many cutaneous and chronic complaints. 

The elimale assimilates that of New Hampshire, and is variable and cold, but extremely salubrious. Snow lies on the 
ground from the middle of November to the end of April, and on the hiU-sides it is often six or eight feet deep. The 
mean annual range of Ihe thermometer is about 1'2(P. the temperature in winter sinking someliines to 25° or 30^ below 
zero, and in summer rising to O'P or 100^. Trees commence to bud early in April, and flowers unfold themselves in 
May. The first frosts appear about Ihe middle of September, bul are light until November. The summer season is fair 
and serene, and allhough the heat of the day is sometimes excessive, Ihe nights are always cool. Through September 
and October the finest weather prevails, with gentle winds and a blue sky. 

The natural growths of Vermont are hemlock, spruce, and fir, which flourish on the mountain sides; the lower tracts 
abound with elm, oak, hickory, butternut, pine, beech, sngar-maple, and birch, and the cedar grows luxurianlly in the 
swamps. The indigenous animals are wolves, foxes, and others, similar in a great measure to those which are spread 
over Canada and the Norlh-eastern Slates generally. The lakes and rivers abound with excellent fish. 

The soils of Vermont are generally rich and loamy. On the borders of the rivers are fine IracLs of valley land, 
which consist of a deep black alluvial deposit — these are sometimes a mile in width, and very productive in graiu, 
grass, and garden vegetables. The uplauds are in many places scarcely inferior to the intervales, and are in general 
sufficiently free from stone lo admit of easy cultivation. The hills and mountains, that are not arable on account of their 
steepness or the rocks, yield the best of pasturage. There is hardly any part of the country better adapted to the rearing 
of horses, horned cattle, and sheep, than the mountain regions of this State. Wiieat Is raised more abundantly ou the 
western than on the eastern side of the mountains. The soils and climate of all parts are favorable to the growth of the 
apple and most other kinds of garden trees ; but the peach seldom comes li> perfection anywhere. The greatt-r part of the 
Slate is better suited to grazing than to tillage. Springs and brooks are very numerous, and there is no extensive tract 
but is well supplied with running water. 

Vermont is divided into 14 counties, the general statistics of which, and the capitals of each, in 1S50, were as follows : 

C.ipiwl,. I Counlie.. Dwell. Pnp. ,^,"™; ^,"™^- C«pli,l.,. 

. Middleburg Lamoille 2,022 . . 10,S72 . . 1,0S2 . . 42 . . Hyde Park 

. . Manches'er Orange .M92 . . 2T,296 . . 2,677 . . S6 . . Chelsea 

.Danville Orleans 2,780 . . 1.5,707 . . 2.0.'i.'5 . . OS . . Ir.isburg 

. Burlinglon Rutland 6,Gt!l . . .'):1,059 . . 2.(i6S . . 27.5 . . P.utland 

. Guildhall Wa-shington.. 4.+12 .. 24.6.')4 .. 2.104.. 77 .. Montpeuee 

. St. Albans Windham .... 5..S74 . . 29,062 . . 8,363 . . 197 . . Fayetlcville 

. North Hero I Windsor 7,.373 . . 38,320 . . 4,374 . . 192 . . Woodstock 

The whole number of dwellings in the Stale at the alwve date w.as 5S..327 : of families. 68.475; and of inhabilania, 
813.611 ; viz., whites 312,902— males 150.374, and females 153,.52S ; fr. col. 709— males 366, and females 348. Of the whole 
population there were, deaf ami tltmb—vih. 14.3, (r. col. 1,— total 144; 7V/iirf— wh. 1»S, fr. col. 0— total 135; inmiu— 
wh. 552. fr. col. 0— total 652, and Wiofio— wh. 2S0, fr. col. 1— total 2.S1. The number of free persons bom In the United 
States was 2^0,966, the number of foreiirn birth 32,'i31. and of birlli unknown 3-.>3. The ii./(i>« population originated as 
follows: Maine S35, N. Hamp. 19.609. yWmmit 232,086, Ma.s.s. 15,059, R. I. SOI, Conn. 4,.';51, N. V. 7,211, \. .ler. 171, Pcnn. 
1.3S, Del. 1. M.I. 23, Disi. of Col. 5, Virg. 21, N. Car. 7, S. Car. 5, Oa. IS. Flor. 9, Ala. 6, Miss. 5, La. 12, Tex. 1, Ark. 2, 
Tenn. 6, Kv. 7, Oh, 166, Mich. 96. Ind. 15. III.. 34. Mo. 10, la. .5, Wise. 82, Calif. 0, Territories 1 ; and the /ort'ign popula- 
tion was c.imp.ise.1 of persons fmm-Englan.l 1.546, Ireland 15.877, Seolland 1,015. Wales 57, Germany 21S, Franco 40, 
Spain 3, Portugal 5, Belgium 0, Holland 2, Italy 7. Austria 0, Swilzerlan.l 2, Russia 1, Denmark 1, Norway 8, Swe.len 0, 
Prussia 6, Greece 0, Asia 7, Africa 0, British America 1 1,170. Mexico 0, Central America 0, South America 8, Weal Ihdies 

6. Sandwich Islands 4, and other counlries 23. 

673 



Counties. 


riweii. 


rc.p. 


in cult. 


E»t;ib 


Addison 


. 4,679 . 


. 26.549 . 


. 2,292 . 


.157. 


Benniuglon 


. 3,404 . 


. 18.539 . 


. 1.397 . 


. 147 . 


Cale.lonia... 


. 4,231 . 


. 23,086 . 


. 2,754 . 


. M5. 


Chittenden.. 


. 4,^^05 . 


. 29.036 . 


. 1,908 . 


.201,. 


Essex 


. 846, 


. 4,650 


. 602 


. .32. 


Franklin 


.4.827. 


^2S,5S6. 


. 2,172 . 


.108. 


Grand Isle.. 


. 691 . 


. 4,145. 


. 339. 


. 8. 



VERMONT. 



Tlie following tabic will show the deceunial progress of the population since the first census of llie State taken by Ihe 
United States authuriliea : 

Colored Persons. Dec-eoninl Incr'?nEe 



Yeara. Femimt. Free. Slave. Tulal, Tot;il. Niiiner. Percent 

1790*. S.V44 255 IT 272 S5.416 — — 

1800 153,90S 557 — 5o7 151.4G5 69,049 S0.8 

1810 216,963 750 — 750 217.71o 63,24S 40.8 

1S20 2S4,S46 91S — 918 235,764 li>,051 S.2 

1830 279,771 S8l — 8S1 ......... 280,652 44,8^3 19.0 

1840 291.218 730 — 730 291.948 11.296 40 

1850 812,902 709 — 709 313,611 21,563 7.4 

The general statistics of the weallh, iiuiustry, productions, manufactures, and Institutions of Vermont, as ascertained 
by the census of 1S50, and other official reports niaJe in the same year, afford the following results : 

Occupied Lands, etc, — Improved farm lands 2,591,379 acres, and uninjproved lands 1,525,368 acres — together valued 
in cash at $59,727,731. The whole number of farms under cultivation on the 1st June, 1850, was 29,637. Value of 
forming implements and machinery $2,790,237. 

Ztft?-;s7o(.'^.—Horsts, 61,057 ; asses and muies, 218; railch cows, 146,146 ; working oxen, 48,497; other cattle, 154,025 ; 
sheep, 919,992, and swine, 66,273. Compared with the live-stock existing in the State in 1S40, the following movement 
is shown : 

Live Slock. 1840. 1850 Decraose. 

Horses I an tnn u^^ i ( 61 1^57 head i 

Assesandmules f 62,402 head \ '^^^ ^. | 1,127 head, or l.S percent 

Milch cows I I 146.146 " \ 

Working oxen [-884,341 " \ 48,497 " 185,673 " or 9.3 " 

Other calUe S ( 154,025 « ) 

Sheep 1,681.819 " 919,992 " 761,827 " or45.3 « 

Swine 203,800 " 66,278 " 137,522 " or 67.4 " 

—in 1850 the aggregate value of live-stock in cash was .$12,640,248. 

Products of Animaln.—V^ooX 3,410,993 pounds, butter 11,871,451 pounds, cheese 8,729.834 pounds; and the value of 
animals slaughtered during the year had been $],S71.46S. The quantity of wool returned in the census of 1S4U was 
3,699,235 pounds, or 288,242 pounds more than in 1850, and hence the decrease shown in the latter year amounts 7.S per 
cent. The prnduction in relation to the number of sheep, however, has been much larger at the latter than at the former 
period ; in 1S40 it was 35.2 ounces per fleece, and in 1850,59.3 ounces. In the production of butter only tive States surpass 
Vermont, and of cheese only two— New York and Ohio, and of the latter article it produces oue-twelfih the quantity 
made in the Union. 

Grain C'-(>^«.— Wheat 525,925 bushels, ryo 176,207 bushels, Indian corn 2,03-2,016 bushels, oats 2,307,714 bushels, barley 
42,147 bushels, and buckwheat 208,699. The crops of 1S40 and their comparative quautities, with Uiose of 1850, are as 
follows : 

Crops. 1840. IBfiO. 

Wheat. 495,800 bushels 525,925 bushels incr. 

Rye 230,993 " 176,207 » 

Indian corn 1,119,678 " 2,032,016 " 

Oats 2,222,584 " 2,807,714 " 

Barley 54,781 " 42,147 « 

Buckwheat 228,416 " 208,699 " 

OtJisr Food O'op*.— Beans and peas 104 bushels ; potatoes, Irish, 4,947,351 bushels. The potato crop reported in the 
census of 1840 amounted to 8,869,751 bushels, and hence the decrease between the returns of 1840 and 1S50 has been 
3,922,400 bushels, or 44.2 per centum. 

Misc€lUineoits Crops.— Hay, 866,989 tons; clover-seed, 760 bushels; olhcr grass-seed, 14.096 bushels; hops, 258,513 
pounds; flax, 20,752 pounds ; flax-seed, 939 bushels; silk cocoons, 26S pounds ; Maple sugar, 5.980,955 pounds; molasses, 
5,997 gallons ; bet^wax and honey, 249,432 pounds; wine 659 gallons, etc Value of orcliard products, $315,045, and of 
market-garden products, $1S,S53. A comparison of the principal productions of 1850 with those returned in 1840, gives 
the following result : 

ProJuctions. 1840. IfiSO. Moveini'nt, 

Hay 836,739 tons 866,989 tons iji^r. 80.250 tons, or 8.6 per cenL 

Hops 48,137 pounds 258.513 pounds in<;r. 210,376 pounds, or 434.9 *' 

Flax 66,080 " 20,752 " deer. 45,323 " or 68.6 " 

Maplesugar 4,647,934 « 5,930,955 « /«er.l,833,021 " or2S.6 '* 

Wine 94 gallons 659 gallons incr. 665 gallons, or 601.1 " 

Some-mnde manufactures were produced in the year ending 1st -Tune, 1850, to the value of $278,331. The same class 
of goods produced in the year represented in the census of 1840, were valued at $074,548. 

Mdtiiifactures. — Aggregate capital invested, $0,000,000; value of all raw material, fuel, etc., consumed in the year, 
$0,000,000 ; average number of hands employed, 00,000— males 00,000. and females 00,000 ; monthly cost of labor, $000,000— 
male $O0n,ono, and female $00,000 ; total value of manufactures for the yeitr $0,000,000. The whole numlter of manufac- 
ing establishments in operation on the Ist June, 1850, and producing to the annual value of $500 and upwards, was 1,635, 
and these Tvere distributed among the counties in proportion, as shown in the general table before given. Of these 9 
were cotton factories, 72 woolen factories, 37 iron factories— 3 m.iking pig iron, 26 making castings, and 8 making wrought 
iron ; and 152 were tanneries. The manufacturing estiiblishments others than those named were various, but chiefly such 
as are incident to an agricultural region, or such as the immediate wants of the people demand. The total capital 
invested in manufactures, in 1840, amounted to $4,326,440. 
876 







MovtTient- 


incr. 
dikr. 


80,125 bushels 


or 6.1 per cent. 


64,TS6 


" 


or 23.7 " 


itwr. 


912,388 


" 


or 81.5 " 


titer. 


85,180 


u 


or 37.8 " 


deer. 


12,634 


" 


or 23.1 " 


deer. 


19,717 


" 


or S.G « 



VERMONT. 



; cotton usi-<l, 2.243 laics; vuluc of all riiw miilcriiil, etc., 

ales 14T ; entire wages per month, J3,:Vn— to inaKs $1,4C0, 

, etc., 1,1551.000 yarJs, and yarn 63,0.50 pounds, valucil at $130,100. 



In the cotton niaimfacturc, tl.o capital employed is %'m.m ; - , „ „,h .o .,.,i ,„ „,.,l,.s «1 400 

consumed, $114.41.5 ; han.ls cnployed, 231-males 94, .md females 14T ; cnt.rc wages per month, *3,.!>l-lo mal. s »1,4C0, 
and to females ifl.SGl ; products of the ycar-sheetiii!!, . . , . , , «,,.>n„n 

1 , 1^0, there were in the State T factor,cs-capit=d $1 ls,100 ; hands 262, and va ue of products $1 1.!,000 _ 

lath ■ „,anutacture of u-oolen aood., the capit^.l employed is $S3C,300 ; annual consumption of wo ,1 2,323,100 pm Is 
vr ^r lu raw ntaterial, etc., cou^tucd ^-"-^^ --^'--;;;;};;r i:/;^;"::^^^^ a^ ^"I'iUr! 

'' T^n^irrr ■ :: mi:;^::^e:'S.ere . .......... ^.^ .he anne.ca taMe: 



. . tons . . - 



Pi^ Iron. 

. 7,676 . 



Cast Inm. 

..290.720 . 



5,2T9 . 



5peirifi.-ati.-.n9. 

Capital invesleil . 

Ore use'l 

Pig iron used " 

Blooms vised ■ ■ ■ ■ 

Old metal used 

Mineral coal consumed 

Coke and eh:irco:,l bushels.. 

Value of raw material dollars. . 

Hands employed ?"?'!""'* 

Monthly cost of labor 

Iron produced 

Value of other products dollars 

Entire value of products * 

-in 1S40 there were in the State 26 furnaces, producing annually 6,743 t. .ns cast iron, and 14 bloomcrk. forges, and rollmg 
^:^Ln.655to..har.™fucU.cc_^ 



.dollars., 
.tons . 



274 . 

1,066. 

198,400 . 

160,603 . 

S91 . 

2,203 10,771 . 

8,200 •"'■O"" • 

_ 87,770 . 

63,000 460,331 . 



.. 150 

.326,437 

. 40,17.'; 

100 



VVronjI.t Irm. Tolll. 

.... 62,700 415,920 

. . . . 2,«25 10.301 

.... 760 6,02» 

. . . . 525 526 

_ 274 

.'.'.' _ 1,216 

....387,000 961,887 

. 66.194 266,972 

57 538 

.... 1,719 14.743 

.... 2,04.^ 10,248 

_ 87,770 

....16.3,936 692,S1T 



,7lj3 sides of sole leather, 



r^L:i::S,rs::i::::;;^;:::ra«>p.UU Of *403,093,und509 hands, and producing annuallylO. 

"ir-:i.:f"^"s-nL.ctu,of...<^ 



etc., consumcd-barlcy 2,500 bushels, and hops 1 ton; hands employed, 
rett^ned, and probably none is now manufactured as an article of commerce, 
ducing annually 3,600 gallons, and one brewery pr. 
$3,850. 



In 1S40, there were two distilleries, pro- 
■odueing 12,500 gaUons-lhe whole employing 5 men, and a capital of 

• coai>t of New England, generally toward 



internal Mprore,nenU, *--T>.e"-s of railroad [«™ B^"^,;-;:j\^„;, „,^ ,,„„ ,„„„,,„™ „„. ,h„se of the 

Canada and the north-west, pass through \ ermont and h. '"' ' J ^ dovel.mmcnt of the resources of the townj 

western districts of the State. Locally these roads have tended B^"'' '' •''^'■,fj^ ;'^^™:'',J,e. Th. hulk of the mcr- 

through which they pass, and have opened sen-board trtarkets ° *« ^J^^' "^> M ,> lim itl of th- State, which has no 

chandise and travel on the Vermont roads, however, ,s from ''^'^ t^J^'^^^l^"^ Z.^'^'\L .everal lines are noted 

large manufacturing towns or aggregated popniahons beyond a ^^^ ' ™'"";'V", „,' h of 427 miles, and there wero 

,„ the -. APr.>T.tx." On the 1st .Tanuary, 13.53 the ^^;;^^ :^;^^^X^^'^ ..L exceptio'n of three short 

some .50 miles additional i,t course of eonstruetton ^ « " "o -n. I m V er ^^^^^^ ^^ Watcrqueeehy Falls. 

cuts to overcome river falls, vi/.. : that around Whtte K.ver la, t a »'-''";» \- „^,„„„ f„, „„ „p„„.,. 

The macadamized and ordinary roads of the State are Se- f > '^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^'Z^Z , n Lake Champlain, and finds an 
Foreign a«.»«e..--The commerce of Vermont tscarra on hufly at I ung ,^ ^^^ ^^^^^^^^ 

onnet by the Chamhiy river to ^^'^Tl^:;:^^;^^ nte^J^lur^ ".Is.ic pr.lucts exported, an,U26,15T 

The shipping employed in carrying the mer- 



rl.'ar.'i!. 



30th .June, 1350, were valued at J430.906, ,.,,„,,„, 002 

that of foreign re-exports, and the value of imports amounted to $.163,002. 
chandise above represented, was as follows : 

Entered. 

Nationality '; ~ r~ 7" 

0f51„,.p.ns. • 

American . 
Foreign . . . 



. 3:50 . 
. 174 , 



. . . S6,82S , 
. . . 12,607 



Total. 



.504 99,435 . 



3,636 . 
71G . 

, 4,251 



. 322 . 
. 20 . 



81,073 3,201 .. 

. 1.733 97 .. 



, 6,52 . 
. 194 . 



167,901 . 
14,390 . 



.342 S2.3.56 . 



.816 132.291 



Crrwi. 
. C,73C 
. .31.3 

. 7,.'549 



i'of the class enrolled and licensed, and 



4he shipping owned in ^^^^ ^:^^::Z^::^ ;!:;: ^L. .. year, had been as ...lows: 



of this, 8,097 Ions was navig; 

Tear. Ejr<irl». 

1799 $20,430 

ISOO 57.041 

1801 57,267 

1802 31,479 

1803 117,450 

1804 191,725 

1805 169,402 

1806 193,775 

1807 204.235 

1808 103,772 

1809 17.5,782 

1810 432,081 



Imporls. 



Year. 
1311.. 
1312.. 
1813.. 
1814 . . 



Extmrta. 

..$571,104 . 

.. 138,647. 

0. 

0. 



Import*. I 



ISI5 161,003. 



1SI6.. 
1S17.. 
1813.. 
1319.. 
1320 . . 

1821 265,380. 

1S22 257,691. 



8 92..594 . 
913,201 . 
240,069 . 
565,590 . 
89.5.869 . 



15,987 
00,897 



Ei|.ort.. liTiporU. 

..$230,140 $02,212 

.. 20S.253 101.354 

. 896,106 109.021 

. Sy,202 223,650 

..l,2.'9.44l 144.078 

. 239,010 177.539 

is29 808,079 205,892 

l=iV> 053,256 140.059 

1831 ... 92.5.127 160.200 

1832 »19,S20 2M.673 

,533 377,399 523.2C0 

1*84 834,372 322,806 

877 



1323 
IS'24 
1S25 
1326 
1327 
1323 



VERMONT. 



Yeir. Exports. Iniporta. i Year, Exports. Imports. , Year. Exports. Itnports. 

1846 $403,S20 $127,223 



1847 514,29S 230,641 

1S4S 534.102 306,005 

1S49 6SS,S69 147,721 

1S50 43U,906 463,093 



1S85 $32S,151 $217,863 1341 $277.937 $246,1 

1S36 183,165 456,840 ! 1S42 557,509 2n9,S63 

1837 13S.693 342,440 I 1S43 169.971 88,000 

-183S 132,650 259,417 I 1344... w... 418.867 97.1S3 

1S89 193.S36 413.513 [ 1345 542,607 81,997 

1840 305.150 404,617 | 

BanJi-A.—T\te returns of August, 1S60, report 27 banks, and their condition as follows — IJabiliti^s: capitnl, 12.197.249; 
circulation. $9,856,027; deposits, $546,703; and del)ts to Ijnnks, $32,984; and o.'j.v^i.s, loans and discounls, $4.4*.'3.719; 
slocks. $40.500 ; real estate, $94,497 ; due by other banks, $1,001,789 ; notes of other banks, $127,637 ; specie fund, $2,376 ; 
and specie, $127,825. 

Goveninunt. — The first Constitution of this State was formed in 1777 ; the one now in operation was adopted on the 
4th July, 1793, but has since been modified at various periods. It secures to every man on attaining his 21sl year, the 
rigltt of suffrage, provided he has been a resident of Hie State for the next preceding year, and is of a quiet and peaceable 
behavior. The annua! elections are held on the first Tuesday of September. 

The Leg Uili dure consists of a Senate (established in 1S36), and a House of Representatives. The Senate consists of 80 
members, chosen by a plurality of votes, apportioned in ratio of the population, tmt each county is entitled to at li^ast one. 
The House of Kepresentatives, at present, consists of 230 members, one from each town. Representatives slial! be persons 
noted for wisdom and virtue, resident in the State for the last 'wo years, and for one year in the town. Two-thirds of the 
members elected are required to form a quorum, when a. State tax is voted. The Legislature is renewed annually. The 
Lieutenant-governor is &c-officio President of the Senate, otherwise the oflQcers of both houses are chosen by the members 
thereof respectively. 

The chief exeeutive is vested in a Governor, chosen annually by a majority of votes. In case of no choice being made, 
the three candidates having the highest poll numbers are present*;d to the Legislature, which in joint ballot elects one of 
their number to be governor. The Lieutenant-governor and Treasurer are elected in like manner. No one is qualified 
for these offices unless he has resided in the Stale for the preceding four years. Twelve Councilors, assistants to the 
executive, are chosen annually by general ticket, and by a plurality of votes. The Governor and Council appoint to offices 
and fill vacancies, and may grant pardons for all crimes excepting treason and murder, in which they may grant reprieves 
until the end of the next session of the General Assembly, and excepting also impeachments, which can be reversed only 
by act of the Assembly. The Governor presides in the Council and has a casting vole only. He may Veto a bill, but two- 
thirds of both houses may pass it again, and it thus may become law notwithstanding. He is allowed a Secretary of civil 
and military affiairs, chosen by himself and paid by the State. 

JiuHciary poicers are vested in a Supreme Court, consisting of a chief and two assistant justices; in County Courts, or 
Courts of Common Pleas comprising four circuits, each County Court being composed of one Judge of Circuit, elected by 
the Legislature, who is ex-qfficio chief justice of the County Courts of his Circuit, and two assistant judges for each county, 
elected by the people ; and in Justices of the Peace. The Supreme Court sits in each county once, and the County Courts 
twice in each year; an additional term of the Supreme Court is also held once a year in each district, at such time and 
place as the court may order. Each Judge of the Supreme Court is Chancellor of a Circuit. The Court of Chancery has 
two stated sessions annually in each county, and is always in session for all purposes, except the final hearing of a cause. 
An appeal from a decree of the Chancellor lies to the Supremo Court. Judges of the Supreme Court, county and probate 
Courts, sherifls, and justices of the peace, are elected by the General Assembly in joint ballot. 

The Constitution prohibits slavery, and permits imprisonment for debt ordy in cases of fraud. It abolishes perpetuities. 
Every alien of good character coming to settle in the Slate, and swearing allegiance thereto, is permitted to hold land. 
By a law of 1350, a homestead of the value of $500 is secured from attachment or execution. 

Once in seven years, 13 censors are chosen on one ticket by the people, whose duty it is to inquire whether the Con- 
stitution has been observed in every particular, etc., and also to call a convention for amending the Constitution within 
two years, six mouths' public notice being given of the amendments proposed. 

Iha jiiiancial condition of this State is in an enviable condition— the expenses of government are small, and its lift- 
biiilies insignificant. For the year ending 31st August, 1350, the receipts into the treasury, including a balance from 1849 
of $8,33u, amounted to $125,375, of which $94,300 was raised from taxes. The disbursements for the same year amounted 
to $122,253, leaving a balance of $3,122. The principal sums paid out, were the expenses of the Legislature, $36,043; 
executive expenses, $2,613, and pay of judiciary and for prosecuting crime, $49,733. The minor items of expense were 
those on account of elections, pauper relief, common schools, agricultural societies, militia, etc. The expenses of 1S50 
exceed those of 1349 by $7,767, but ihey embrace about $15,000 of extraordinary expenditure. 

Vermont has no public debt. It has, however, some temporary liabilities, which at the above-named date amomited 
to $.58,036. 

Among the henevolent institutions of the State» the Vermont Asylum for the Insane, at Bratlleboro', Is the most con- 
spicuous. Since the opening of the asylum there have been admitted to August 1st, 1350, 1,609 patients, and 1,2S1 have 
been discharged, and 328 remained in the institution. Of the discharged, 745, or 46.3 per cent, had been recovered. Of 
those placed in the asylum within six months fTom the attack, nearly nine-tenths have recovered. During the year end- 
ing as above, the whole number of patients was 468; admitted 150, and discharged 140. Of those discharged, 79 were 
cured 26 uied, 16 were improved, and 19 not improved. Income $34,240 12, and expenditures $3;3,S6S 92. There is 
connected with the asylum a library of over l,2u0 volumes, and a large number of periodicals and newspapers are taken. 
The deaf and dumb and the blind are supported at institutions in other States, for which purpose the Legislature appro- 
priates a large sura of money annually. 

Federal representatioii.— In accordance with the provisions of the law of 28d May, 1850, Vermont sends /c«*r repre- 
sentatives to the federal Congress. 

Educati*m.—\n 1350 there were 2,594 school 4li8tricts in the State, and the whole number of scholars w«s 90,110 ; aver- 
age length of schools 24 weeks ; average of scholars in each district, 39 ; expense of each scholar, $2 20 ; average wages 
U> teachers— male $1,355, and female $554 per month; whole wagt-s— to males $65,759 16, and females $61,312 65; total 
$127,071 81 ; cost of board, $70,492 87; cost of fuel, $10,837 64; cost of wages, board, fuel, etc., $217,402 88. Public 
money divided for support of schools, $90,893 91. Vermont has uo school fund. 
873 



VERMONT. 



Tho ooUogiaU. institutions .,f tl„- StrUe ar.^-tho University „f V.r,no„t at Tiurlmst™, fm.n,lo,l 1.91 ; MuL U-l,,^ C* 
leJe founJctl in Isno ; and N,.rwich Univc-rsity, funuded in 1S34. Th. University of Vermont i„ 1»50 had \vr'>''^"^, 
9?^'nd m- and 416 ahnnni, and a lihr.-.ry .f 10,000 volnmes; Middlel.ury CnUego, 6 pr„fe,s..r, f ;»'<1™». "^ alnmni 
Ind 6 00 volumes ; and Norwich University had 4 professors, 60 students, and ts« alun.n,, and 1 400 volumes. Med.eal 
Bd.oois are es abli^.ed at Ca^tleton and Woodstoek. The C;a.,tle.on Me,lioal College was founded u, ISIS and ,n ISBO had 
Tprotssor8j4 students, and o,W graduates, and the Vernn.nt Medleal College at Woodstock wa., foun.led In lS.io. and 
in m5n had 7 nrofi-«s>>rs. 90 studfiiLs, and 3:V2 grailualcs. ■ . u i «<■ 

rcademies '.re established ir> all the larger towns an.l villages, an,, throughout the SU.tc there are pnvate school, of 

''1twfc'i"°"k.« -According to a report of the librarian of the Smithsonian Institution in 1S51 , there were in Vertnont 
li^Z^Z^m^^uu..s^^ college libraries-13 03..volum,.st f, stu.lent.,' Iibraries-8,fi67 volun.es ; and 13 pubho 
...honl libraries— 9 100 volumes ; loU.1 2.3 libraries, and .'!4,209 volumes. .... ,■ . 

^.Zu'.^^.^^. n«,nber of perio,lieals published in Vern,..nt in 1850 was .fi-U " ;^. ;;'-;'™ Ij^™ 
I'i neutral in politics In the latter class are included religi..us, literary, and other gen.ral ,s,sues. Ol the w ho ,. mnnbt r 
";:;Z:d d:ny!l li-weekly.31 weekly,a,... 2 tnonthiy^ The dailu. ^^^^i;;^^;^ '"^:Z:^:^:Z^ 
.he,ri.LkHesor..OO..ieM..w.^^^^ 

::;:;ir.«:n^^i;-'"n;om^ 

Washi„gt,,n, 6 w-^i-; Win^™, 5w.eklies^W^ ^^^^_^__ ^^^^ ^^^.^^^ ,^, ^„„^ ^,^_ 

was 1,ST0, ofwhich LOiio were -'^"^^^l^^!^-, iS , wa^'s' and ai L.t .late 76 were un.b^rgoing sentence. 

^::i':zr::::z;:^<^:^-^!^^^^'^^-^- '-- *^'-' o9,andc.pe„ses.o.a. 6i-ha- 

T«'^'« lJ^.-/«"'^^The statistics of the several religious denominations in the State in 1S50, will .« fbund by 
reference to the table annexed : 



Denomina- 

timis. 



, of Church Value of 

r.hes accom. Property. 



Baptist 88.... 31,937... *153,S42 

Christian.... 7.... 2,220.... 12,000 
Congregatn. .163 .. . .76,122. . . .451,084 
Dutch Kef... — .... — ■■■• — 
Episcopal.. 25.... 10,525.... 31,500 

Free I.... lO"---- *"'' 

Friends 7.... 2,650.... 6,500 



Denumina- Nn, of 
tkiiis. Climclies 

German Ref. — .. 

Jewish — . . 

Lulht-ran ... — .. 
M<'nnonite. 
Methodist. 
Moravian — — 
Presbyterian. 10 



Churcb VnluenI 

accoin. Proiierty. 



- ....$ - 



.123.... 45,010.... 221,850 



. 4,100. 



17,600 



Denomina 



No 



Cbnrfbes. 

R. Catholic... 8.. 
Swedenbo'n . . — . 

Tunker 

Union 

Unitarian .. 
Universalist 
Minor Sects 



83 . 
. 2 
. 84 



Cl.urfh 
arcirn. 

..4,3.15. 



..34,,550. 
. 1,000. 
.13.325. 
.. 7U0. 



Value of 
Vri.i.ei.y. 
.$42,200 



,.122,800 
.. 82,000 
.. 11,750 
.. 800 



-making a total of 564 churches, with accommodation for 226,4« persons an.l f^fj^^^l^ ^ "■""■" '""^ ' 
dioc:':,' the rrotestant Episcopal Church, and is inCudcl in the Ur.m.n '^^^^^^^o within its border, 
Jli,torical SMc>,.-1he .listance of Vermont from the co,ast P'f'<f f .""^ * . 17" ,,, "rcitiily The govemmenla 
either by the French or English, until the crlonies of the 'f' ^'"''^'^^^'^^'^^^^Z^^ni thai any actual 
of New V.,rk and Massachusetts ,na.,e large grants "l'^''^^:;^^^.;;\^^;^^^;::Z. was built .,n the Conner 
posse^^ion was taken of Jands witlnn ,u P-'™^™ ;' ^ ^d" m 1 a ^t at Cn^^^ Toint, an.l began a settlcnent on the 
Ucul Kiver. On the other end o, the State, '" ' f ' '^^.p^tt™ iUle attention until the re.iuction of (iuebcc. After 
eastern shore of Lake Champlatn. \ ermont. 1 o« e e , "'"''''" .^.^^^^^.i, „ g„nL, to settlers ; but New York 
that event. New Hampshire, supp.,.,ing the territory to '-1 -t m .^ ' ^vi;," b en referred to the crown, a .lecision wa» 
also claiming it, the matter beeatne inv.dve.l ... »77';™' ° ^ [ j'f, ^ l\™ < cticut, and in this deter.nination Ne,r 

"t! S::^"':^::.ted itself With *c possession Of the n.,,M^^^ 

fairly purchase.l fro.n New ^^"'^'^'''^ '^'"::X::^'nT^C^^^ ?-"'» --^-'-•" '"-'';'■»•■" ''t 
State : a vi,.le.,t and in.polit.c curse, hov^-e> er, ^^ ^" ■™- ' \^ was nearly general, an.l in conseq..ence .lecree, of 
settlers were required U, take out new pate,.ts. ^'"^ ^ ^[^ ;";' , v,,„,„„u.rs was Ethan Allen, a b.,1.1 an.l delenn.ned 
ejectment were issued by the courts at f '''--J;^^' *; J^ u,,lr b s g..i.la.icc an.l counsel they r.-solved to main- 
man. without mental cult,vat..,n but of grea at., al po« s. I ■■ >e ^ ^,__^ _^,,.,,^ ^, ^^.„ y,,^ ^^ ealled 

government of New York. ,„ .,,^,,, „, ,n„oh In.Iignalion in Vermont as In 

The attempts of the British ministry upon the ' '>""" °/ ' <^ '\"'^ ' on the new, that hostilities h».l com- 

those provinces which were tnore *"'"'-''»''■'>• °''°7'""'' ''..."tu i.,ine.l by son.e omcers from Connecticut and 
menced, Ethan Allen collecte.l a body "^ »"»" l';:™ '' ^"' ^I";; Crown P.>int w.., surrendere.l s«.n afterward 
New Hampshire, surprise! the r.r.t.sh P'«' »V^ ? ' t^^'aMy l^ the success of the revolutionary cause, ami operated 
These enterprises, executed with a.ldress, redoun.kd t'''"'> " ., ,( „„ Montreal. Allen was sh..rtly anerward 

strongly on Jhe p.,blic mind in favor '■'.'''« ^""';'"'::-,,,:ig"''..a the' British succeeded in defeating the colonia, 
taken prisoner, and carried to Englan.I ,n irons. I" '^ '^■,": f „ j^;, Ticon.Ieroga fell again into the.r possession, 
navy on Lake Champlain, and on tl... -'-™-: ;";,,.;' ^...rnt were br-.k.-n up, and the wh.,le frontier su. eclM 
War now pressed heavily upon V.T.nont; ' !>; ^ ' 1 / ,, „,,„ ,„„ught of. A force was raiscl an.l tin, ed with 
to savage incursion. Sul.missi.m to the Hr.i.sh. '""Y ' •„ '„.m „f one thousand regular tr<K.ps were a-saulvd In their 
L, Of General Starke. The batUc .,f ^^"f'^;:';:^'^::^'^ ^ a proof of what an „„di«ip.lne,. niili.l. «0 
intrcnchmenu and compelled to surrender, w.U be long S.9 



VER 



VER 



capable, when warmeil by patriotism arnl animated by hatred to the oppressor. The surrender of Burgoync's army 
restored the country to comparative tranquillity. 

"While thus fighting in favor of the general cause, the people of Vermont were placed, as regards their civil govern- 
ment, in an anomalous situation. At the commencement of hostilities they found themselves even without a form of gov- 
ernment The jurisdiction of New York was disclaimed, and the authority of the crown was thrown off. In this state 
of matters every thing was effected by voluntary agreement. Application was made to Congress for its interference, but 
that body recommended submission to New York. KcsoUite in their determination not to submit, the people s.iw no 
alternative than to establish an Independent State. In January, 1777, a general convention met, and proclaimed that the 
district of territory, previously known by the name of the New Hampshire grants, was of right a free and independent 
jurisdiction, to be thenceforth called by the name of *'New Connecticut, alias Vermont," The conventiou now ad- 
dressed Congress, and claimed aJmission into the confederation. 

The petition for admission was met by a counter-memorial from New York, and Congress reftised to recognize its 
separate existence. Embarrassment increased, and other circumstances soon after involved the Vermontese in a contest 
with the government of New Hampshire. The charter of the latter State circumscribed it by a line drawn at a distance 
of sixty miles from the sea. All the lands west of this line to the Connecticut were derived from royal grants ; and the 
inhabitants of the towns within this strip, conceiving that the royal authority expired with the Declaration of Independ- 
ence, imagined they had a right to determine to what Slate they would be attached. Under this impression they applied 
to the Vermontese requesting a union with them. The assembly of Vermont acceded to the appUcati<m, but the vote 
of union was subsequently rescinded on a representation that Congress would, on the connection with the revolted 
towns of New Hampshire being dissolved, admit Vermont as a separate State. This action was followed by great dis- 
content within the State. The inhabitants of that part which lies near the Connecticut Eiver determined to unite with 
the New Hampshire towns, and to form a State government. Encouraged by these dissentions, New Hampshire now ad- 
vanced a claim before Congress for the whole of Vermont. New York did the same, and Massachusetts endeavored to 
obtain a part by reviving an antiquated title. 

Menaced from so many quarters, the Vermontese gave up their local dissentions, and united in their own defense. 
Ethan Allen, who had returned from captivity, was placed at the head of a body of militia, and made prisoners of the 
officers who were acting under the authority of New York. Complaint was made to Congress, but the discussion of the 
Bubject was postponed from time to lime, as the Vermontese refused to become parties to it, and no decision was pro 
nounced. The British were naturally attentive to the progress of the contest, and flattered themselves that the people ot 
Vermont, exasperated and neglected by Congress, would place themselves under their protection. Negotiations were 
actually opened for this purpose in 178i>, and were continued without any open result until 17S3. Whatever the inten- 
tions of the leading men of Vermont were, there is no doubt but that the body of the people were still warmly attached to 
the revolutionary cause. The consequences of the negotiation in one respect, however, were favorable to Vermont, aa 
Bhe remained unmolested by the British during the remainder of the war. 

The peace of 17S3 found Vermont a sovereign and independent State de facto, and the Vermontese felt little desire to 
join in a confederation, the rulers of which had pursued such an evasive policy toward her during the war. New York 
Btill claimed a jurisdiction over the State, but was unable to enforce it, and the State government was administered as 
regularly as in any other pari of the United States. Affairs remained in this singular condition until after the formation 
of the constitution in 17S7, the advantages of which, undiT the adminisLraticm of Washington, inclined the people of Ver- 
mont again to attempt an admission into the Union. The only obstacle arose from the opposition of New York, which 
was Anally witluirawn in 1789. In that year commissioners from the two States mot, and effected an amicable arrango- 
ment. The sum of $30,000 was agreed to be paid to New York as a compensation for lands belonging to its citizens, 
which had been re-granted by Vermont, and New York consented that her claims to jurisdiction should cease. A con- 
vention was immediately called, by which it was resolved to join the Union. The consent of Congress was given, and 
on the 4th of March, 1791, Vermont became one of the United States. 

During the war of 1S12-15 with England, the vicinily of this State was the seat of a warm contest On the invasion 
of New York, volunteers poured from the mountains and valleys of Vermont, and by their patriotism and valor proved 
that they had not degenerated from, or forgotten the prowess of, their fathers. The repulse of the British from Platls- 
burg, and the capture of their squailron on Lake Champlain, delivered the soil of this district from tlie presence of an 
enemy. Aside from this interruption the prosperity of the State has been onward, but its history furnishes no event of 
BuflUcient importance to require detail. 

MoNTrEUER is the political capital of the State. 



Vermont, p. v., Fulton county, III. ; 51 miles N. "W. 
Springfield. 

Vermont, p. o., Howard co., Ind. : on N. side of "Wild 
Cat cr, 50 m. N. by E. Indianapolis. 

Vermont, p. v.. Cooper co., Mo. : 35 m. W. N. W. Jeffer- 
son City. 

Vermont, p. o., Chautauque co.. K F. ; 2S7 m. W. by S. 
Albany. 

Vermont Settlement, p. o., Will co., lU. : 147 m. N. E. 
Springfield. 

Vermontville, t. and p. v., Eaton co., SFich.: 24 m. 
"W. by S. Lansing. The t derives its name from having 
been settled by a colony of forty families from Vermont 
Pop. of t. in 1S40, 1S2 ; in 1850, 824. 

Vernal, p. o., Greene county, Jifiss.: on 8. E. side of 
Chickasawha r..l25 m. S. E. Jackson. 

Vernal, p. o., "Wyoming co., A'". Y. : 232 m. "W. by N. 
Albany. 

Vernon connty, 3fo. Situate "W., and contains 612 sq. m. 
Drained by Marais des Cygnes r a tributary of Osage r, 
8S0 



and by its numerous branches. Surface undulating and 
diversified; soil fertile, and adapted to the growth of grain. 
It is well wooded, and has gO(td pasturage for cattle. 

Vernon, p. v., Autauga co., Ain. ; on N. side of Alabama 
river, near the junction of Swift cr., 19 m. W. Montgomery. 

Vkrnok, p. v. and sta., Tolland co., Cwui. : 10 m. E. N. E 
ITartlord. Drained l)y Iloekanum r., which affords water- 
power to numerous manufactories. Surface diversified ; soil 
of moderate fertility. The Hartford, Providence, and Fish- 
kill R. K. touches the S. part of the t., 12 m. from Hartford. 
The V. contains 2 churches, etc. Pop. of t 2,900. 

Vernon, p. v., Kent co., Del. : on W. side of Marshy Hope 
creek, 18 m. S. S.W. Dover. 

Veenon, p. v., Troup co., Ga. : on W. side of Chattahoo- 
chee river. IIS m. W. MilledgevUIe. It contains an acad- 
emy, church, and dwellings. 

Veunon, p. v., and c.np. Jennings co., Ind, : on E. side 
of Vernon fork of Muscatuck r., 60 m. S. E. by S. Indianapo- 
lis. The Madison and Indianapolis R. E. passes through, 
22 m. from Madison, 64 m. from Indianapolis. The v. haa 



VER 

a very piL'nsant site. It was lai>i out in 1S15. Thu counly 
buiMingsare neat. structures. Vt\p, ahoiiHind. 

Vkhnon. p. o., Jacksou parish, Lu. : 150 m. N. W. by N. 
Baton I^oui;e. 

Ykrnon, t. ami p. o., Shiawassee en., Midi. : S2 m. K. N. K. 
Lansinsr- This is one of the bist agricultural townsliips in 
the count)'. Pop. 674. 

Vf.un.in, p. v., SuIltT CO., Calif. ; on K. bank of Feathir 
river, at its connuence with tiu- Sacrammlo, liin-ctly opp(>- 
site Fremont. It 13 plea.'?ani)y situated at the lie:i<i of navi- 
gation ti iirins hic;h water, ami \a not liable to overflow. It is 
a market fur Iht; supply oftlic nnrlhern mines. 

Vi-.KNoN. p. v.. Madison co., J/w;?.; 3 m. S. E. Di£; Black 
river, 2 ni. N. by W. Jackson. During a part of the year 
steamboats can ascend to this place. Top. about 230. 

Vernox, t. and p. v., Sussex co., K Jcr. : CS ra. N. by F. 
Trenton. Surface very hilly and mountainous. Drained 
by several streams. The v. is situate centrally. Topula- 
tion of t. 2,fil9. 

Teuxon, t. and p. v., Oneida co., y. Y. : 9S m. W. by N. 
Albany. Surface rolling. Drained N. "W. by Oneida and 
Skenandna creeks. The v., incorporate*! in IS'27, cont;iins 
on academy, 3 clmrehes, stores, mills, etc., and 1 bank, cap- 
ital $100, 'HID. Near the v., on Skenandoa creek, is an ex- 
tensive glass factory. Pop. of v. about 750 ; of l. 3.093. 

Veunon, t. and p. o., Trumbull co., Ohio: 150 m. N. K. 
CoIund)us. Bounded E. by Pennsylvania. Drained S. by 
Pymaluning creek flowing centrally through the L Popu- 
lation S2S. 

Vkrxiin. sta.. Cr.awford co., Ohio: on Cinoinnali, Cleve- 
land, and Columbus II. K., 75 m. from Cleveland, ISO m. 
from Cincinnati. 

Vernon, p. v., and cap. Hickman co., 7>H7i. .' on E. side 
of Pine cr., 45 m. W. S. W, Nashville. It contains the co, 
offices, a church, dwellings, etc. 

Vernon, p. v. and sta.. Windham co,, Venn. : on "W. side 
of Connecticut r.. 105 m. S. Iiy E. Montpelier. Surface of t. 
rough and mountainous. Slate is quarried in the W. part. 
Oak and chestnut timber is abundant. The Braltleboro' 
Branch B. R. nms along the Connecticut r., having stjitious 
at Vernon v. and South Vernon. Pop. of t. SiM. 

Vernon, t. and p. o., Waukesha co., Wise. : 60 m. E. by S. 
Madison. Pop. SS9. 

Vern-in, p. o.. Washington co., Fhr.: on E. side of 
Holmes cr.. 79 m. W. by N. Tallaliassee. 

Vernon Centre, p. v., Oneida co., jV. T. : 96 m.W.byN. 
Albany. 

Verona, t. and p. o., Dane co., Wi.tr. : on head braucli 
of Sugar r., S m. S. W. Madison. Pop, 4:!'*. 

Vei;ona, p. v.. Boone co.. h'>/. : 49 m. N. FrankforL 

Verona, t. and p. v., Oneida county, li'. >'. ; 106 ni. 
W. N. W. Alliany. Surface g'>nerally level, with some 
swampy tracts; soil rich mold, with some sand. Drained 
by Oneida and Wood creeks, which bound it on the W. and 
N., flowing into Oneida lake on its N.W. border. The Erie 
Canal and lUica and Syracuse 11. R. pasA through Ihe t. 
The t. contains numerous saw-mills, with several tanneries, 
and has considerable manufactures. Pop. of t. in 1S40, 
4,504; inl?50, 5,56S. 

Verona Dr;pfiT. p. v. anrl sta., Oneida county, Al }'. ; on 
Syracuse and Utica K. K.,23 ni. from Ulica, and by railroad 
lis m. from Albany. 

Verona Mills, p. 0., Oneida co.. A' 1' ; 104 m.W. N.W. 
Albany. 

Vkrplank, p. V. and sta., Westchester county, NI Y.: on 
Hudson Eiver R. R., 42 ra. lYom New York, 102 m. from 
Albany. It has a good steaml)oat landing, with stores and 
dwellintrs. etc. 

Versaitj-ks, p. v., Brown co., lU. : N. E. of M'Kce's cr., 
54 m. W. Springfield. 

Veksailit.s, ]\ v.. and cap. Ripley co., Ind. : on W. side 
of Laugh ry's er.. 65 m. S. E. Indianapolis. The village is 
built upon a high bluET, and contains the county buildimrs, 

P6 



VIC 

with stores, etc. First settled in islS. The Cincinnati and 
St. Louis U. R. pasw's ihmugh this place. The " Western 
Intelligencer" (whig) is issued weekly. The population 
(now about SiiO) is rapidly increasing, with the general im- 
portance of the place. 

VKirsAiLLts, p. v., and c.ip. Woodford co., Ky,: 13 m. 
S. E. Frankfort. It contains the county buihlings. 

VEiiSAiT.i.Fs. p. v., and cap. (Morgan c(Mniiy. Mn.: ?,X m. 
W. S. W. .lelTerson City. It contains a court-house, jail, 
etc. Pop. about 6'io. 

Versailles, p. 0., Cattaraugus co., A'. }'. .■ 274 m. W. 
Albany. 

Versaillis, p. v., Rutherford co., Tenn. : So m. S. S. E. 
Nashville. 

Versuiue, t. and p. v.. Orange county, Venn.: 24 m. 
S. E. by S. Montpelier. Drained by Onipoinpanoosuc r. 
Surface uneven and stony. The U contains several saw and 
some other mills. Pop. 1,071. 

Vesper, p. o., Onondaga co., A^. }*. .'125 m.W. by N. Albany. 

Vestal, t. aiul p. v., Brootne co., A'. ]', ; on S. side of 
Susqm-hanna r.. 126 ni. W. S. W. Albany. Surface uneven 
and broken. J)raine<l by Choconut er. and other streams 
flowing into tlie Susquehanna. This t. is verv heavily lim- 
bered, and contains numerous saw-mills. Pop. of t.in lb40, 
1.253; in 1850, 2.054. 

Vesuvius Furnace, p. o., Linc»ln co., A"". Car.: 152 m. 
W. by S. Raleigli. 

Veteran, t and p. o., Chemung county, Al Y.: 160 m. 
W. by S. Albany. Surface hilly; soil productive loam. 
Catliarine's creek flows on its W. border. N. into Seneca 
lake, affording water-power. The t. coniains several tau- 
iierii-3 : farming is the chief pursuit. Pop. 2,69S. 

Veto. p. o., W.xsliington co., Ohio: s-I m. S. E. by E. 
Columbus, Probably John Tylersville. 

Vevay, p. v., and cap. Switzerland co., Infl. : on the 
Ohio river, SS m. S. E. by S. Indianapoli«. Lat. 3S0 46' N., 
long. fi\o 59' W. This v. occupies part of the tract of land 
granted on cre<lit by the United Slates in l'^02 to a colr)ny 
of families from Switzerland f.'r the cultivation of the vino. 
The colrniy soon received a large afldiiion from Switzer- 
land. The V. WiUs laid out in 1S13. It has one of the most 
pleasant sites on the Ohio r. It conU'iins a court-house, 
jail, academy, several stores, etc. Many of the dwellings 
are ncJdIy built of brick. The cultivation of the grape and 
manufacture of wine resendilinir claret is verj" extensively 
carried on. The *' Palladium" (dem.) is here published. 
Pop. about 1.500. 

ViAorfT. sla„ Cambria comity, Pevji. : on Alleghany 
i'lirtage R. R., 5 m. from Con maugh, 28 m. from IloUi- 
daysburg, 

VieKERY's Creek, p. o., Forsyth county. Ga.: 103 m. 
N. W. Milledgeville. 

VirivSitnRO, p. city, port of entr\', and cap. Warren co., 
J/Vxs-. .• on E. bank of Mississippi r., 41 m.W. by N. Jackson. 
It is principally built on a high bluff, 200 feet above high- 
water mark, but the more business part of Ihe city is on the 
bottom, along the river. Aliout 2J m. above (he city are tho 
Walnut Hills, which rise to an elevalirm of 500 feet above 
the river, presenting very fine scenery. The city contains 
a court-house and jail, 1 large public school, several private 
acridetnies, and 5 churches. An orphan asylum is about (o 
be established. Tlie busincM inleresfs of Ihe city are chiefly 
commercial. Immense quantiiies of cotton are annually 
sent from this place toN'ew Orleans and other points on the 
Mississippi. There is an excellent harlvor for steamboats, 
with very convenient landings. The Hurronnding country 
is remarkably fertile, having a black loamy soil, well 
adapted to the euUivnlion of cotton, tobacco, and prahi. 
The Vicksburg. Jackson, and Brandon P.. P^ extends hence 
through Jackson, 46 m. to Rrandon, 60 m., and will ulli- 
mately form a link in the Alalmma and Mississippi U. R. 
from Montgomery and Selma westward; and Vicksburg 
will also be a starting point for one of tho lines of rallnwd 

SSI 



VIC 



toward the Pacific, ria Shrevoport and Texas. The l<in- 
nage of Vicksburg district on 3iith June, 18,50, was 460 tons, 
iw'tit wliich was enrolled and licensed, permanent, eni- 
pl,.yed ill the coasting trade, and propelled by steam. 
Durina Ihe year preceding it had no foreign commerce or 
ship-biiilding. The newspaper press in 1S50 consisted of 
the •• V. Sentinel" (dem.) and the " V. Whig," each issuing 
tri-weclily anJ weekly editions. Yicksbarg was incorpo- 
rate<l as a town in 1S25, and as a city in 183C. Pop. in 
1S50, S.CTS. 

VicKsviLLE, p. o., Southampton county, Yirg. : 58 m. 
8. by E. Richmond. 

Victor, t, p. v., and sta., Ontario county, N. Y. ; 102 m. 
W. by N. Albany. Surface of t-nilling. Drained in E. and 
8. E. pans by Mud cr. and brandies. Tlie t. conlains nu- 
merous saw, grist, and flouring mills, with several manufac- 
turing establishments. The Kocliester and Syracuse R. K. 
passes through the v., 20 m. from Rochester, 84 m. from Sy- 
racuse. The V. is a thriving place, with about 8D0 inhabit- 
ants. Pop. of t. 2,230. 

VtcTOE, t and p. o., Clinton county, Mic7i. : 13 m. N. E. 
Lansing. A farming township. Pop. 277. 

Victoria county, Tm. Situate S. E., and contains 804 
sq. m. Drained by Guadalupe r., which passes through \ta 
western portion, and by Garcitas, Zarilla, and Casa Blanca 
creeks. Surface undulating and diversified. A large por- 
tion is prairie, with timber interspersed ; soil very fertile 
and productive. Limestone is found. Farms S4; nianuf. ; 
dwell. 827, and pop.— wh. 1,448, fr. col. 0, si. 571— total 2,019. 
Capital : Victoria C H. 

Victoria, p. o., Knox county, HI. : 87 miles N. by W. 
Springfield. 

Victoria, p. c, Daviess county, Mo.: 138 miles N. W. 
Jefferson City. 

Victoria, p. v., Bolivar CO., Mils. : on E. bank of Mis- 
sissippi r., 100 m. N. N. W. .Jackson. 

Victoria, p. v., and cap. Victoria Co., Tex. : on E. bank 
of Guadalupe r., 113 m. S. S. E. Austin City. Lat. 28° 
5G' 47" N.. and long. 97° V 30". The v. is pleasantly situ- 
ated, and is rapidly increasing in population. It contains the 
county buiWings, etc. Tlie Guadalupe when improved is 
easily navigable for steamboats 70 m. from its mouth. It is 
here crossed by a bridge. The " Te.xas Advocate" (Indep.) 
is published weekly. 

Victory, t. and p. v., Cayuga co., JK Y. : 153 m. W. by N. 
Albany. Surface rolling. Drained by Little Sodus cr. The 
t. contains several Lanneries, grist, and saw mills. The v. 
contains a church, stores, etc., and about 220 inhabitants. 
Pop. of. t. 2.299. 
Victoev, p. o., Wayne co., Turn. ,■ 77 m. S. W. Nashville. 
ViuALiA, v., and cap. Concordia par.. La.: on W. bank 
of Mississippi r., directly opposite Natchez, Mis?., 77 ni. 
N. by W. Baton Rouge. It is built on one street parallel 
with the r., and contains the county offices. The " Concor- 
dia Intelligencer" (neut) is issued weekly. 

Vienna, p. v., Pickens county, Ala. : on the Tombigbee 
r., near the junction of Sipsey r., 120 m. W. N. W. Mont- 
gomery. Pop. about 140. 

Vienna, p. v., and cap. Dooly CO., Ga. : on N. side of 
branch of Flint r., 73 m. S. S. W. Milledgevillc. It con- 
tains the court-house, jail, and Sever.al dwellings. 

ViENSA, p. v., and cap. Johnson co., III. : 167 m. S. by F.. 
Springfield. This is a pleasant little v. on Cash cr., con- 
taining the county buildings, etc. The projected Massac 
and St, Louis R. R. will pass through this place. Pop. 142. 
Vienna, p. v., and sta., Scott Co., Jnd. : OS m. S. by E. 
Indianapolis. The Jeffersonville R. R. passes a little W. 
of the v.. 27 m. from Jeffersonville, 50 m. from Edinburg. 

Vienna, t. and p. v., Kennebec co.. Me. : 15 m. N. W. 
Augusta. It contains a large pond in S. part, and is water- 
ed on the W. by M'Curdy stream of Sandy r. Population 
of t S51. 
YiB-vNA, p. V. and port of entry, Dorchester co., Mi!. : on 
SS2 



YIN 

W. side of Nanticoke r., 49 m. S. E. Annapolis. It has 
con9ideral>lo trade, the river being navigable for sea-guing 
vessels to this place, ^ m. above Chesapeake bay. It con- 
tains several stores, 2 churches, etc. The total tonnage of 
this district on June 30th, 1850, was 15,478 tons enrolled and 
licensed, and 587 tons " licensed under 20 tons," all of which 
was employed in the coasting trade. During the year pre- 
ceding 27 schooners were built — 1,533 tons. 

Vienna, p. o., Jackson par., La.: 150 m. N. W. by N. 
Baton Rouge. 

Vienna, p. v., Macomb county, Midi. : 82 miles E. 
Lansing. 

Vienxa. t. and p. v., Oneida Co., X: Y. : 112 m. W. N. W. 
.\lbany. Bounded S. W. by Oneida lake. Surliice rollmg. 
Drained by Fish cr. and other streams. The t. contains 
numerous saw-mills, etc. Pop. 3,393. 
Vienna, t, Dane CO., Wise : 14 m. N. Madison. 
Vienna, p. o., Walworth CO., Wise. : 43 m. S. E. Madison. 
Vienna, t. and p. v., Trumbull county, 0/iio: 144 miles 
N. E. by E. Columbus. Soil good. Drained by several 
small streams. Pop. of 1 1,007. 

Vienna Cross Koads, p. o., Clark county, Ohio: 33 m. 
W. by S. Columbus. 

Vigo county, Infl. Situate W. on Wabash r., and con- 
l.-iins 408 sq. m. ' It is drained by numerous streams falling 
into the Wabash, Surface level, or gently undulating, fine- 
ly limbered, with prairies of small extent ; soil rich and 
productive. Coal, freestone, and limestone abomiVI. Farms 
1,113 ; manuf 130; dwell. 2,045, and pop.— wh. 14,566, fr. 
col. 733— total 15,2S9. aipikil: Terre Haute. PiMin 
Woyl-s : Wabash and Erie Canal ; Terre Haute and Iticb- 
m,>nd R. R. ; Ev.ansviUe and Illinois Extension R. E. ; the 
National Road, etc. 

Village Green, p. v., Delaware county, Penn.: 11 m. 
Iv. S. E. Ilarrisburg. 

Village Springs, p. o., Blount co., Ma. : 100 m. N. by W. 
Montgomery. 

Villanova, t. and p. o., Chautauque co., N. Y. : 250 m. 
W. Albany. Surface broken and uneven; soil best adapt- 
ed to grazing. Drained by Conewango cr. The t. con- 
tains mills of various kinds. Pop. 1.536. 

Yii.LANOTA, p. c, Walker county, Ga. : 156 m. N. W. 
Milledgeville. 

Villa Eica, p. c, Carroll co., Ga.: 114 m. W. N. W. 
Milledgeville. 

ViLLE Platte, p. o., St Landry par.. La. : 69 m.W. by N. 
Baton Rouge. 

ViLfLA, p. 0., Russell county, Ala. : 71 miles W. by S. 
Montgomery. 

Vincennes, p. v., and cap. of Knox co., Iml. : on E. bank 
of Wabash r.. 100 ni. S. W. Indianapolis. Lat 88° 43' N. ; 
long. 87° 25' W. The v. ha3 a fine site along the river b.ank, 
ami is regulariy laid out, with wide streets crossing each 
other at right angle* It conlains the counly buildings, a 
fine town ball, good market-house, a V. S. land office, and 
several churches. The Catholic cathedral is a spaci<iu9 and 
well-finished edifice. Considerable altenliou is given to 
education. Of the principal inslituticms several are Roman 
Catholic, viz., an ecclesiastical seminary, female academy, 
with l.'iO pupils, and 2 orphan asylums, which, in 1852, con- 
tained 73 girls and 60 boys. The v. contains a branch of 
the Slate Bank of Indiana, cap. $147,200, and has some 
manufactures. The Wabash r. is here i m. wiile, and is 
navigable to this place for steamboats. The railroails pass- 
ing through Vincennes are— Evansvillo and Illin<ii8 K. R. ; 
and Ohio and Mississippi R. E. ; to which may be added n 
projected road, extending hence to Indianapolis. The 
" Vincennes Gazette" is here published This place is the 
oldest sctdemont in the State, and is invested with much 
historical interest The French established a trading post 
about 1702. A Catholic church had been established here 
as early as 1740. in whichyear it received its name. In 1788, 
all the families in the place were of French origin, except 



VIRGINIA. 



twelve. A considerable projinrtion of (he present popula- 
tion is their deaeeiulatita. In IS05, the first lerritorial 
legislature assembled here, and, among otlu-r .icts, itieur- 
porated Vincennes as a borough. In 1S13, the seat of gov- 
ernment was removed to Corydon. The country arouud is 
very fertile prairie land. Pop. 2,070. 

YtNCBST. t and p. o„ Chester t'O., Pe7vi. ; on S. W. side 
of Schuylkill r. 67 m. E. Harrisburg. Pop. about 'J.500. 

ViNOKXTON', p. v., Burlington eo., ^'. Jer. : on S. branch 
-of Rancoeus r, at junction of Stop-iht-jade cr.. 19 miles 
S. Trentun. It contains several stores and mills, and 2 
churches. 

Vineyard, p. c, Grand Isle co., Venru: 53 m. N. N. W. 
Montpelier. 

VixEYAHD Mills, p. o., Hunllngilnn ca, Pcnn. : 65 m. W. 
Harrisburg. Here is a hot-blast chareual furnace, with an 
annual capacity of 1,600 tons. 

ViNEY Grove, p. o., Lincoln co., Tenn. : T2 m. S. by E. 
Nashville. 

ViNLAND, t, and p. o,, Winnebago county, Wise, : &i miles 
N. N. E. Madison. Pop. 75ti. 

Vi-NTON county, O/i/'o. Situate toward the S. E., and con- 
tains 416 sij. m. Drained by Kaccoon cr. and its affluents, 
and by branches of Scioto r. Surface hilly, and in parts 



IjToken ; soil in general fertile, and favorable to the cnlluro 
of wln;at and grain. Coal is found. Farms 806 ; maiiuf. 24; 
dwell. 1,569. and pop.— wli. 9,246, fr. col. 107— t<ital 9,363. 
Capital : M'Arlhurstown. I'uhlic Work:^ .- Scioto and Hock- 
ing Valley R. R. ; Cincinnati an<l Marietta R. R. 

Vinton, p. v., and cap. Henton co., la. : on a branch of 
Cedar r., 40 m. N. W. Iowa City. It contains the county 
buililinga, etc. 

ViN lov. p. v., Gallia co., Olito : on W. side of Raccoon r., 
75 m. S. E. by 8. Columbus. It contains an academy, a few 
stores and mills. Iron ore and mineral coal arc found in the 
vicinity. 

Viola, p. o., I5elaware co.. la, : 54 m. N. Iowa City. 

VioLY. p. o., Ulount CO., Ala.: on N. side of Litlle War- 
rior r., 104 in. N. by AV. Montgomery, 

ViuGEN river, CUik: rises in the Wahsatch mountains, 
flows in southerly course, to its confluence with the Kio 
Colorado. 

ViKGiL, t and p. v., Cortland co., K Y. : 128 m. W. by S. 
Albany. Surface uneven ; soil fertile loam. Drained 8. by 
Tioughnioga r. The v. contains 3 churches, stores, etc 
Pop. of t. 2,410. 

Virgil, p. o., Fulton county, IlL: 64 m. N. W. by N. 
Springfield. 



THE STATE OF VIRGINIA. 



Virginia, perhaps, in natural resources, as well as in geographical position, one of llie most important Stales of the 
Union, lies gemrally b.-twcen the latitudes 360 3u'and 39^43' north, and extends cast ami we^t betwrcn longitudes 75^40' 
and 63° 33' west, and is bounded on the north by Pennsylvania and Maryland, on tho east by the Atlantic Ocean and 
Chesapeake Bay, on the south by North Carolina and Tennessee, and on the west by Kentucky and Ohio. With the ex- 
ception of the long tongue of land between Peiinsjlvania ami the Ohio River, anil the i)('ninsnlar projection bi-tween \hb 
Chesapeake Jiay and the ocean, the Slate has an average length of 355 miles, and a brea<Uh of 21S miles, and comprises 
an area computed at 61.352 square miles. 

Virginia is naturally divided into east and west by tlie Blue Ridge, a division which obtains also in the distribution of 
the federal Judiciary ; !)Ut according to the State constitution, it is divided into four districts or sectiims— tlie 7VV/*" Wtite/', 
below the lower falls of the rivers ; the Piedmonts, between those falls and the Blue Ridge ; the Valh-i/., between the Blue 
Ridge and the Alleghany ; and tlie TranJi~A/leff/m7ty—[he latter comprising all the country west of the nmunlain ranges. 
The first mountains are fourul in tlu-Pieilnnml section, which is tra\ersed by alow ridge, uiidi-r the local names of White Oak, 
Southern, etc., and runuincr nearly parallel with the Blue Ridge, at a rlistaneeof 25.or 3n nhles. The liUie Ri<lge, althougli 
pierced by Ihe Potomac, James, and Stainiion rivers, eonstilules a well-marked and continu«ius chain of more than 25i) 
miles in length. In general, it forms rounded, swelling masses, but in several places, ami especially the Peaks of Otter^ 
shoot up in projeclHig summits to the height of 4,260 f.-et. The Kittaliny, or Blue Mountain, enters the State farther 
■Wfst. under the name »'f Groat North Mountain, and forming the centre of the great plateau or table-land of Virginia, is 
continued, under various local names, until it takes the name ol' Iron Mountain, and enters Norih Carolina. It i» pierced 
by Ihe Poti>mac and James rivers running eiistwardly, and by the New River running westwardly. West of this great 
ridge lie several delachcd masse.'?, bearing the local names of Sidrling Hill, etc. SiUl farther west is the great Allegbany 
chain, which is broken through by Now llivcr and other slreamalo the north. PowelPa Mountain appears to bean out-lier 
of this chain, an<l reaches to the height of 4,500 feet. Westward of the Alleghany there is a general 8l<)pe toward tho 
Ohio: but several other considerable chains ir.averse this section, the principal n{ which is Laurel Mountain, of which 
Greenbrier. Great Flat Top, and the Cumberland Mountains appear to form a part With the exception of Pennsylvania, 
Virginia is the only oiber State of Ihe Union that has territory on both sitles of the Allegbany MounUiins. 

Virginia has noble rivers and streams, useful lus channels of c<unnierce or for industrial purposes. With few excep- 
tions, the Ohio River west, and Chesapeake Bay east of the mountains, are the recipients of tbe waters of the whole Stale: 
those of Eastern Virginia flow, with an almost uniform south-easterly course, into the bay, carrying with them also the 
waters of the great valley, exctqiling only those of New River and the Holston, on the extreme soulhc rn part. 

Tbe Potomac rises in tbe Great Back B<me, but a few miles from the Youghiogeny, and pursuuig a devious course, 
forces its way llirougb the sevi-ral intermediate mountain chains to the Piedmont section, where it is liroken by falls nine 
miles above Georgt^own, at which place it meets the ti<le-water, and about 100 miles below, after a c(uirse of 350 miles, it 
reaches the Che.sapeake. At Alevaudria, 290 miles from the ocean, it is U mile^ wide, and below the city gradually ex- 
pands, till at its mouth it forms a broad esmary, 10 miles in breadth. Ships-of-tlu-line ascend to the navy-yard at Wash- 
ington; above this it is obslrucled by numerous falls and rapids. The principal iributjtrics of the I'olomac an- iLs South 
Branch, which rises near llie head-slreams of James River, the Great Cacapoii, and the Shenandoah, the latter of which 
flows about 120 miles alnn^r the western base of the Blue Ridge, and joins the main river at Harper's Ferry. "The pas- 
sage of tbe Potomac through the Blue Ridge," says Mr. Jefferson, '-is perhaps one of the most stupendous scenes m 
nature.'' , , ,,. ^i. 

The rtai.,,ahannock rises in the Blue Ridge, and receives tbe Rapid Ann from the same ndge. and falhng over the 
prim.nrv ledge of Fred.-rieksburg. lUM miles from its n.ouil., there reaches tid.vwaur. Vessels of 140 tons ascend it to this 
point. " York River, formed by the union of the Pamnnky and Maltapony, partakes rather <.f the character of a long nar- 
row bay than of a river; to the junelion, 40 miles from .he bay. it is from two to four miles wide, and large veaw^ls pasa 
to York town — smaller ones ascend some distance above the bifurcation. , l. . t . 

Jame-^ River, the principal river of Virginia, rises in the .Mleghany Mountains in several head streams, of wh.eh Jack- 



VIRGINIA. 



son's River must be considered the main constituent; after having received the Cow Pasture and the Calf Pasture rivers 
from the north, it forces its way through the Blue Ridge, and falling over numerous pitches, meets the tide 100 miles from 
its mnmh at Richmontl, which is accessible to vessels of 140 tons. The only considerable tributary of this river belnw the 
Blue Ridge is the Appomattox, which carries seven feet of water to Petersburg, 12 miles. The James River and Kanawha 
Canal, now complete to Balcony Falls, at the passage of The Blue Ridge, is constructed along the valley of the river, and 
Is one of the most stupendous and important works in the United States, 

The Mehf^rrhi and Nottmanj are small rivers, which unite in North Carolina, and form the Chowan. The Roanoke 
is formed in Virginia by the junction of Dan River and Staunton River, two rapid mountain streams which rise, the 
former in the Blue Ridge, and the laller in the Norlh Mountain. The larger part of the Roanoke is through North Curo- 
linii, which State it enters about 40 miles below the union of its constituent rivers. 

The great rivers of Western Virginia, flowing to the Ohio River are — the Monongahela, one of the constituents of that 
river ; the Kanawha ; the Guyandolte ; the Big Sandy, etc. The Monongahela is formetl in Virginia by the junction of 
th« West Branch and Tygart'a Valley River, and beyond the Pennsylvania line it receives Cheat River, which descends 
from Greenbrier Mountain, and which is navigable for boats for a considerable distance. Little Kanawha River rises in 
the same district with the west branch of Monongahela River, and enters the Ohio at Parkersburg. The Kanawha, the 
principal river of Western Virginia, rises in the Blue Ridge, in North Carolina, and bears the name of New River until 
it unites with Gauley River, a small affluent from Greenbrier Mountain. The Greenbrier, above the latter, and the Elk 
and Coal rivers below it, are its principal tributaries. It is na\igated by steamboats to Charleston, GO miles from its mouth. 
The Covington and Ohio R. R., and the James River and Kanawha Canal traverse the valley of this river. The Guyan- 
dotte and Big Sandy enter the Ohio below the Kanawha— the latter forming part of the boundary between Kentucky and 
Virginia. The Holston and Clinch, which drain the south-western section of the Great Valley of Virginia, pass into Ten- 
nessee, and uniting at Kingston in that Slate, form the Tennessee River. 

Virginia is an almo&t boundless field of mineral wealth, and within its limits, not only the useful, but also the precious 
metals are found in one part or the oliier. Gold, copper, lead, iron, coal, salt, lime, marls, gypsum, magnesian aud alum 
earths marbles, granites, soap-stones, and sand-stones are among the treasures, as yet for the most pari lying uuheeded 
in the bowels of the earth. Mining industry, however, has been commenced, and within the past few years has been 
wonderrnlly developed. 

The first coal-field is found at the junction of the Tide- Water and Piedmont sections, and this extends from the Pamunky 
by Richmond to the Appomattox, a distance of about thirty-five miles, with a breadth of from one or two to eight miles. 
The coal is biluinin ms, in seams of enormous thickness, being 30, 40, and even 60 feet thick, and of excellent quality. 
Coal has also been found on bolh sides of the Upper Appomattox. The coal of the Richmond basin is now extensively 
mined, and a railway to the principal mines has been built to facilitate it'* transportiition to tide-water. Anthracite of 
great purity is found in the valley from the Potomac to the James River, south of which it contains a considerable portion 
of bitumen. Bevond the Alleghanies there are some of the most extensive and valuable deposits of bituminous coal in 
the United States, whieli derive additional value from their being associated with not less important beds of iron and salt. 
At Wheeling, on the Ohio, and for fourteen miles down the river, the bank presents an uninterrupted bed of highly bitu- 
minous coaC upward of 16 feet thick. The Wheeling basin, indeed, extends for 30 miles up and down the river in Ohio 
and Virginia. Another vast field stretches above Clarksburg, on the Monongahela to Pittsburg, and far beyond to the 
north-east in Pennsjlvania. There is also a valuable coal-field on the head-waiers of the north branch of the Polomae. 
Thus we have five tiers of coal seams, with an average thickness of from 30 to 35 feet There are also coal seams assot;i- 
ated with salt springs on the Little KaiiawJvi, andspringsof petroleum, or rock oil, occur in the same tract. On the Great 
Kanawha is also a very rich and extensive coal-fleld ; and on Coal. Gauley, and other rivers in this portion of Western 
Virginia, the beds of this mineral are frequently brought to view, and in fact no better genera! description can be pre- 
sented of its extent than that it is almost continuous with the vast beds of sandstone which spread iu nearly horizontal 
planes over nearly the whole of this broad region. 

The salines of Virginia are almost wholly in the west. Salt-springs occur on the Holston, on the New River, and on 
the Greenbrier ; but the most important works are on the Great and Little Kanawha rivers. The brine is raised by 
steam-power, and evaporated in large casl-iron pans over furnaces. The brine of the Kanawha woUs contains very little 
gypsum or sulphuret of lime, and the process of crystal izati on is therefore attended with fewer difficulties than usual. The 
average yield of salt is about one bushel from every fiS or 70 gallons of brine. 

The^mineral springs of Virginia have long been noted for their eflSciency in numerous chronic complaints, and as the 
resort of the fashionable worM in the summer season. The State abounds with these, but the best known are the White 
oni! Blue Sulphur Springs of Greenbrier county, the Salt and Red Sulphur, and the Sweet in Monroe county. Hot and 
Warm in Bath, Berkley in Morgan, Fauquier White Sulphur in Fauquier, Shannondale in Frederick, Alum in Rockbridge, 
Jordan's While Sutpnur in Frederick, Red in Alleghany, Grayson in Carroll, Botetourt in Roanoke, Holston in Scott, Au- 
gusta Springs and Daggus Springs in Botetourt. 

Of the metalic products of Virginia, gold is at present perhaps the most important It is found on both the North and 
Rapid Ann rivers, of the North an<l South Anna near their sources, of the Rivaima, in the lower part of its course, and 
of James River, above and below the mouth of the Rivanna. Within the past few years, several rich mines have been 
opened and worked successfully in these and other sections of the Slate. We believe that Commodore Stockton was one 
of the first who introduced into Virginia effective machinery for reducing on a large scale the quartz-rock, and demon- 
Btralin"- that a ])rofitable business could be done in this branch of raining. The Stockton mines are located iu Fluvanna 
couniv? Among other at present productive mines are those of William M. Mf>sely & Co>, and of the Gamctl Mining 
Companv, in Buckiuirham county. There are also mines more or less productive in Sputtsylvania, in Stafl"opd, in Fauquier, 
in Culpepper, in Orange, in Louisa, and in Goochland counties. 

" It is a matter of not less morliflcaiion," says a Report of the Manufacturers' Convention, 1851, " than astonishment, 
that Vir<'iuia, with an area of coal measures covering not less than 21.000 square miles, very much of which lies on or 
near navigable waters, and capable of yielding all the varieties of British coal, and of equal quality, should be reduced 
t.> lite aetual production of less than 200.000 tons, of the value of $650,000, while Great Britain with little more than half 
the pxl-'ut of ooal measures, produces annually 37,000,000 tons, of about the value of .$37,1100.000 at the mines, and 
$180,000,000 at (he market of sale. And in regard to the iron-trade, while Virginia has an unlimited supply of the finest 
ores easily accessible for use and transportation, with the greatest abundance of coal, wood, and limestone for their man- 
B84 



vrnoiNiA. 



ufacture, yet un.ler the operali-m (.f the jiresenl revenue laws of tlu' t-oiinlry. licr prodiiclinn. in spile of all the efforts of 
Ihe Slate to enmurage it. hiis shrunk to im almost inconS'i«ierat)K' anii.un:, au«l is in danger of niter ruin." 

The soils of Yirj,'mia are naturally of a most fertile nature, luil in the old settlements they have been exhausted by a 
vicious system of Ullage. In many parts, however, a renovation has been effected by the api)Iiration of proper fertilizers, 
and the adnpiion of a more scientific mode of culture, TIio Kasr.-rii and rii-dmont sections are cliiefiy engaged in the 
production of Indian corn and tobacco, the latter of which i-* one of the f;r<-at staple** of the State. Cott-m is also pro- 
duced iu these sections. In the valley, the crops are much Ihe same, exce])Iint; that wheat lakes the place of cotton, and 
the system of aijricullure is superior to that followed in the lower couulry. Beyond the mountains, and westward to the 
Ohio river, is a fine country, adajjted in soil and climate to the successful culture of all the grains, roots, and products of 
the Middle Stales, and equally propitious to Ihe breciling and rt-aring of cattle and otherdomeslic animals. It is not only 
a ^real agricultural district, but it is alike rich in minrrals and metals of the greatc-St importance and value, and will 
eventually become the workshop of the Stat'', as it is now the granary. 

Bold scenery is one of tlie distinguishing f.atures of Vir-iiuia; and no oth'r State ]>rescuts so many or so magnificent 
results of Nature convulsed. At Harper's Ferry, where the P-'tomae breaks llinnigh the IMue Kidge. the disruption has 
left behind it indehble marks of \t» firee- The ''Natural Uridgt-'' below Lexington, according to JeflVTs ui. is - the most 
sublime of Nature's works. It is an arch reaching acn-ss a luirrow ravine, which extends for some distance above and 
below, at the height of 21") feet above the stream which flows under it. S(J feet wide atul 0;) iei't long;"' and again lie says, 
" so beautiful and arch, so eh-vated, so light, and springing as it were up to heaven I the rapture of the spect;itor is really 
indescribable." These are but a moiety of the magnilicent scenes of the country ; everywluTo in the Great Valley, and 
among its mountain borders, are found spectacles of grandi-nr and sublimity. Virginia lias also numerous caves ami 
cavern?, of which Madison's Cave and VTeir's Cave, both iu the vicinity of Staunton, are those best known. Mntiisou's 
Cave extends about oHO feet into the earth, branching into subordinate caverns, and terminating in two basins of water, 
of about 30 or 40 feet in depth. "Weir's cave is much more extensive, and its numerous halls and chambers are pillared 
with an a-stoniahinsr profusion of stalactites, which in some places rL8enil>le stiffened water-falls, in others hanging in rieh 
festoons and folds like tapestry, or seem to rise from the floor like columns, thrones, towers, or statues; it extends 1,260 
feet into the ground, and contains upward of 20 largi' rooms, besides numerous jiassages and galleries. One of these 
halls is 261) feet in length. 83 feel high, and from 10 to '20 feel wide ; and another is 153 by 15 feel, with a h.-ight of GO feet. 

Virginia is divided into 13T counties, the general statistics of which, and the capitals of each, in 1S50, were as follow : 













Eastern VinciNiA— 69 counties. 












Connties. 


Pwoll. 


Top. 


Fnrr,,. 
in .tilt. 




Cai>ilnl8. 


Counties. 


Dwell 


r,.p. 


u C.llt, 


Mao. 


^- C.pital., 


Aeeom.ne 


2,.'Ufl. 


.17,?90. 


1,007. 


17. 


. Aecomac 


King & Queen. 


892. 


10.319. 


502, 


6. 


KingvtQ.C.H 


Albemarle — 


. 2.1122. 


.26,8110. 


9.35. 


102. 


. Charlollesville 


Laneasler 


420. 


. 4,708. 


, 299, 


. 4. 


, Lancaster 


Alexandria ... 


l.i'a. 


.lO.IIOS. 


94. 


89. 


..Alexandria 


Loudon 


2,8:34. 


.22.079. 


1,256, 


.1.39. 


, Leesburg 


Amelia 


56S. 


9,770. 


8.54. 


5. 


. .\melia 


Louis*:! 


1,2,54. 


16.691. 


8:iS, 


22 


, I^uisa 


Amliersl 


1,127. 


12.699. 


. 728. 


. 0. 


.Aiuherst 


Lunenburg 


S20. 


.11.692. 


,548, 


13, 


Lunenburg 


/\pp'>iiialt<i.'<.. . 


. 4-5. 


9,193. 


5"2. 


10. 


.Appomattox 


M:i(lisou 


827. 


. 9.:J31. 


513. 


38. 


, Madison 


Bedford 


2,3911. 


24.0S0. 


1,364. 


16. 


.Liberty 


Mathews. 


711. 


. 6,714. 


293. 


8, 


, Mathews 


Bruiis«i<k.... 


. l.ll.'il. 


.13,4)4. 


. 655. 


. 4. 


.LawrenceviHe 


Meekleuburg . 


1,500. 


.20.630. 


. 606. 


. 25. 


,Boydtown 


liiickiiiiiliam.. 


. 1.1162. 


.13.S37. 


. 616. 


5. 


.Buekiu^ham 


Middlesex..... 


401. 


4.:!94. 


230. 


14, 


,rrbnnna 


CaMi|il.ell 


2.2113. 


23,245. 


. 76S. 


119. 


.Campbell 


Nausenufutl . . . 


1.523. 


12.28:1. 


731. 


32. 


SulToIk 


Caniline 


1,451. 


18.401). 


715. 


61. 


.BrjwlingGreen 


Nelson 


1,217. 


12.7.5S. 


633. 


70. 


, Livingston 


Cliarldlle 


. 903. 


.13.955. 


. 663. 


. 6 


.Charlotle 


New Kent 


5.35. 


6.064. 


813. 


12. 


New Kent 


Charles lily .. 
Chesterflekl... 


. 4S6. 
l.T.'iT. 


. ,5,200. 
17.489. 


. 199. 
B64. 


. 6. 

30. 


.Charles Cily 
.Cheslerlield 


Norfolk 


3,906. 


,3;!,'186. 


613. 


75, 


( Norfolk and 
( I'.irLsiuouth 


Culpepper 


. 1,034. 


.12.282. 


. 604. 


. 53. 


.Culpepper 


Norlhaniplon . 


693. 


. 7,498. 


. 871. 


. 11. 


, Eastville 


Ciindierland . . 


610. 


9,751. 


898. 


9. 


.Cumberland 


Northuniberl'd. 


6:!9. 


. 7,346. 


492. 


. 8. 


,Northumberrd 


Dinwidilie 


2.745. 


25.1 IS. 


703. 


71. 


.Dinwiddle 


Nottoway 


492. 


. 8.4:17. 


. 842. 


. 17 


, Nottoway 


Elizabeth City. 


. 456. 


. 4.586. 


. 173. 


. 12. 


.Hampton 


Orange 


756. 


.10.067. 


8,35. 


. 48. 


. Orange 


Essex 


725. 


10.206. 


828. 


17. 


• Tappaliannoek 


Patriek 


1.248. 


. 9.609. 


. 743. 


. 27 


. Patrick 


Tairfax 


l,3Sll. 


.10.6^2. 


. 610. 


. 8. 


.Fairfax 


Pitlsylvimia ... 


2,804 


28,796. 


.1,5-24. 


.109 


.Conipi'tition 


Fauquier 

Fluvauna 


. LS-SS. 


.20,868. 


889. 


62. 


. Warrenton 


Powhatan 


817. 


. 8,173. 


. 812. 


. 


.ScotlBVille 


. S78. 


. 9,487. 


. 4,54. 


. 61. 


.Palmyra 


Prinee Eriward 


SOS. 


.11.857. 


. 421. 


. 80 


.Prince Kdward 


Franklin 


2,1124. 


.17.4:50. 


1,299. 


47. 


. l;ocky Mount 


Prince George 


661. 


. 7,596. 


. 812. 


. 0. 


. Prince George 


GlfUleester ... . 


1,0110. 


10,.527 


. 673. 


. 53 


. Gloueester 


Prinee.ss Anne 


893 


. 7,669. 


. 712. 


. 8 


.Princess Anne 


Gortehland. . . . 


. 876. 


.10,:552. 


. 405. 


. 49. 


.Gooelilaml 


Pnuee William 


998. 


. 8,129. 


. 579. 


. 28. 


.BrenLsville 


Greene 


. 494 


. 4.400. 


. 801. 


. 24 


.Slannarilsville 


Itappalnilmoek 


990 


9.782. 


. 472. 


. 34 


, Washington 


Greenville . . . 


. 8S5 


. 6,6.39 


. 242. 


. 8 


Hieksford 


liiehtoond 


S05. 


6,448. 


. 836. 


4. 


, Warsaw 
, .Jerusalem 


Halifax 


. 2,1.52. 


.2,5.902. 


.1.309. 


. 21 


.Halifax 


Southampton.. 


1.572. 


,13.521. 


. 722. 


. 6. 


llau'iver 


. 1.827. 


.15.1,53. 


603. 


82. 


. Hanover 


SpotLsylvauia, . 


1,416. 


.14,510. 


. 429. 


. 15. 


,Spoii,sylvania 
,Sla(rord 
.Surry 
Sussex 
Warwick 
WeslinorelanU 
. Yorklown 


Henrieo 

Ilenry 

Isle of Wight. 
James City . . . 
Kins George. 


. 5,317 
. 936 
. 1,200. 
. 896. 
. .526 
. 623 


.4:? ,572. 
. S.S72. 
. 9.353. 
. 4,020. 
. 6,971. 
. 8,779. 


. 454. 
. 62S. 
. C29. 
. 129. 
. 279. 
. 388. 


.230. 
. 41 
. 13 
. 0. 

. 8. 
. 10 


.RICHMOND 
.Martinsville 
.Smilhllelrt 
.Williamsburg 
.King George 
.King William 


SlalToril 

Surry 

Sus-Sex 

Warwick 

Westmoreland. 
York 


932. 
ftiO. 
751. 
W2. 
S69. 
442. 


. 8.044 
. 6.079. 

9.S20. 

1,516, 

8.080. 

4,460. 


. 860. 
301. 
472. 
91. 
4-13, 
101. 


14, 

6. 
23. 

0. 

5. 

0. 


King William. 
















Wr.STT.r.N VlEGI 


siA— 6S counties. 












Criiintif.. 


Dwell. 

. 464. 
. 8.207. 
. 1,467. 


Pf>p. 
. 3..515. 
.24,610. 

. 9,005. 


Farm. 

tni^Mlt. 
. 216. 
.1,264. 
.1,075. 


. 11 
.181 
. 0. 


• C«|..lal.. 

.Covington 

.Slnunlon 

.Philippa 


CimnOe^ 
jjath 


Dwell. 
410. 
1,663. 
495. 


Pop, 

8,426. 

.11,771. 

3,237. 


r«rm. 

in mil, 
261, 
570. 
861. 


M.n- 

17. 

81. 
3. 


I' CprtaU. 
Bath 


AlleL'liany . . . . 
Auiiusla 


Berkeley 


, Martinsbnrg 
Boone 


Barbour. . .. 





8S5 



VIRGINIA. 



Counties. 


Pwell. 


Pop. 


Botetourt 


.. 1.803. 


.14,908. 


Braxton 


. . 679. 


. 4,212. 


Brooke 


.. 839. 


. 5,054. 


Cabell 


.. 976. 


. 6,299. 


Carroll 


.. 996. 


. 5.909. 


Clarke 


.. 6.36. 


. T,S52. 


Doddridge... 


. . 525. 


. 2,760. 


Fayette 


.. 593. 


. 8.955. 


Floyd 


.. 987. 


. 6,453. 


Frederick . . . 


.. 2,825. 


15,975. 


Giles 


.. 919. 


. 6.570. 


Oilmer 


.. 571. 


. 8,475. 


Grayson 


.. 1,001. 


. 6,G77. 


Greenbrier . . 


.. 1,419. 


10,022. 


Hampshire . . 


.. 2,035. 


.14.036. 


Hancock 


.. 690. 


. 4,050. 


Hardy 


.. 1,327. 


. 9,M8. 


Harrison 


.. 1,866. 


,11,723, 


Highland.... 


.. 651. 


, 4,217. 


Jackson 


.. l,0.Si. 


, 6,544, 


Jefferson 


.. 1,960. 


,15,.357, 


Kanawha . . . 


.. 2,110. 


,15,853, 


Lee 


.. 1,686. 


,10,267, 


Lewis 


.. 1,533. 


,10,031, 


Logan 


.. 572. 


, 8,620, 


Marion 


.. 1,7S6. 


,11,552, 


Marshall 


.. 1,668. 


,10,188, 


Mason 


.. 1,151. 


, 7.589. 


Mercer 


.. 665. 


. 4,222. 


Monongalia. . 


.. 2.124. 


.12,887. 


Monroe ., . . . 


.. 1,576. 


.10,204. 



FarmA I 
in cult. ] 

. 712. 

. 408. 

. 2S4. 

. 498. 

. 115. 

. 271.. 

, 240. 

, 42S. 

, 444. 
1,065. 

. 539. 

. 825. 

, 604. 

. 608. 

.1,068.. 

. 806. 

. 723.. 

.1,093.. 

. 889. 

. 602. 

. 447. 

, 777.. 

. 595., 

. 818. 

. 469. 
904. 

, 847. 

, 563. 

. 472. 

. 727. 
910.. 



Manu 


'■ Capitals. 


Counties. 


Dwell 


Pop. 


Farms 
in < lilt. 


Han. 
£»Ial 


* Capitals. 


. ss. 


.Fincastio 


Montgomery., 


. 1,121, 


. 8,.359. 


646. 


0. 


.Christtansburg 


. 10. 


, Braxton 


Morg.in 


, 606, 


. 8.557, 


. 800. 


9. 


. Berkley Spr'gs 


. 29. 


. Wellsbarg 


Kicholas 


, 602. 


8,968, 


418. 


1. 


Nicholas C. H. 


. &3. 


.Cabell 


Ohio 


, .3,097, 


.18.006, 


. 376. 


.143. 


.Wheeling 


, 11. 


.Carroll C. H. 


Page 


, 1,089, 


. 7,600, 


526. 


23. 


.Luray 


, 48, 


. BerryTille. 


Pendleton 


. 691, 


, 5,795, 


698. 


66. 


.Franklin 


. 2. 


.West Union 


Pocahontas,,, 


, 558, 


8,598, 


85S. 


14. 


,nunter8vine 


, 7, 


. FayetteviUe 


Preston 


. 1,664, 


11.708. 


1,019, 


5. 


.Kingswood 


, 16, 


.Floyd 


Pulaski 


. 585, 


5,11S. 


801, 


19. 


.Ncwbem 


, 89, 


. 'Winchester 


Putnam 


. 7SS. 


. 5,335. 


, 4,'», 


. 21. 


.Putnam 


, 0. 


.Giles 


r>aleigh 


. 296. 


. 1,765. 


, 216, 


, 0. 


. Raleigh 


. 2, 


.Glenville 


P.an.lolph ,,, 


. S44. 


. 5,243. 


, 879, 


, 0, 


. Beverly 


. 0, 


.Greenville 


P.itfhie 


. 649. 


. 8,902, 


885, 


3, 


.Ritchie 


. 0, 


.Lewisburg 


Roanoke 


. 925. 


, 8,477, 


, 405, 


5, 


.Salem 


, 57, 


.Romney 


Rockbridge,, 


. 1,908. 


,16,045, 


. 666. 


, 57, 


.Le.\ington 


, 26, 


.Hancock. 


Rockingham , 


. 3,047. 


20,294. 


,1,213, 


.167. 


. Harrisonburg 


, 49, 


.Moorefield . 


Russell 


. 1,786. 


,11,919. 


, 943, 


. 14 


.Lebanon 


. 84, 


. Clarkesburg 


Scott 


. 1,523. 


, 9,329. 


, 614. 


. 82 


.Estillville 


, 7. 


■ Monterey 


Shenandoah . 


. 2,143. 


.13,763. 


. 664. 


. 7 


. Woodstock 


, 16, 


. Uipley 


Smyth 


. 1,146. 


. 8,102. 


. 460. 


. 23. 


.Marion 


,165, 


. Charleslown 


Taylor 


. 813. 


. 5.867, 


. 519. 


. 19, 


• Pruntytown 


.110, 


.Kanawha 


Tazewell , , , . 


. 1,449. 


. 9,942. 


. 726. 


, 13. 


.Tazewell 


5 




Tyler 


, 949, 


5.498. 


417. 


16 




, 27, 


.Weston 


Warren 


. 828, 


. 6,607. 


. 397. 


. 84. 


.Front Royal 


, 0, 


.Logan 


Washington . . 


. 2,137, 


.14,612. 


.1,148. 


.112. 


. Abingdon 


, 44, 


. Fairmonnt 


Wayne 


, 749, 


. 4,760. 


. 478. 


9. 


. Wayne 


, 19. 


. Marshall 


Wetzel 


. 716, 


. 4,284. 


428. 


. 8. 


.Wetzel 


. 9. 


.Point Pleasant 


Wirt 


. 628, 


. 8,353. 


. 809. 


. 7. 


.Wirt 


2 




Wood 


. 1,554, 


9,450. 


640. 


24 




. 67. 


.Morgauiown 


Wyoming 


. 248. 


. 1,646. 


. ISS. 


0. 


.Wyoming 


. 80. 


.Union 


Wythe 


. 1,681. 


.12,024. 


. 668. 


. 22. 


.Wylhevillo 



The whole number of dwellings in the State, at the above date was, 165,815; of families, 167,580; and of inhabitants, 
1,421.661 ; viz., whites 898,804— males 451,562, and females 4*3,752 ; fr. col. 53,829— males 25,843, and females 27,9S6, and 
si. 472,528. Of the whole population there were, (?«// and dumb—^rh. 5S1, fr. col. 13, si. 112— total 711 ; llind—yib. 636, 
fr, col. 121, si. 839— total 996 ; insane— vb. 923, fr. col. 46, si. 53— total 1,026 ; and irfio«ic— wh. 945, fr. col. 120, si, 230— total 
1,2S5, The number of free persons born in tlie United States was 926,796, the number of foreign birth 22,.394, and of 
birth unknown 586, The native population originated as follows: Maine 271, N. Hamp, 239, Verm. 231, Mass. 1,193, 
R. I. 100, Conn. 556, N. York 2,934, N. Jer. 11,447, Penn. 6,823, Del. 542, Md. 10,338, Dist. of Col. 1,184, rtrginia S;2,S28, 
N. Car. 7,343, S. Car. 231, Ga. 93, Flor, 26, Al.a, 93, Miss, 73, La, 93. Tex, 7, Ark, 150, Tenn, 1,501, Ky, 2,029, Ohio 5,206, 
Mich, 83, Ind, 2S8, III. 126, Mo. 223, la, 87, Wise, 11, Calif, 4, Territories 8; and Ihe foreign population was composed of 
persons from— England 2.998, Ireland 11,643, Scotland 947, Wales 173, Germany 5,511, France 321, Spain 29, Portugal 51, 
Belgium 7, Holland 65, Italy 6.5, ,\ustria 15, Switzeriaud S3, Russia 8, Denmark 15, Norway 5, Sweden 16, Prussia 36, 
China 3, Asia 4. Africa 3. British America 236, Mexico 4, Central America 1, South America 7, West Indies 72, Sand- 
wich Islands 1, and other countries 76. 

The following table will show the ilecennial progress of the population since the first census of the State, taken by the 
United States authorities : 

CoinreJ Pi'rsnn^. Decennial Increase. 

Census "Wlitto , ^ — , T<.lal ^ • , 

y-'ara. Per-.ons. Fre,*. Slave 1..ial. Pupiilalinn. Numerical. Percent. 
1790 442,1 15 12.766 293,427 806.19S 743,308 — — 



,. 880,200 181.892, 

. 974.622 94,422, 

,,1,M0.),379 90.7.57. 

.1.211.405 146.026.. 

.1.2.39.797 2S,.392.. 

.1,421,661 181.864.. 



. . .13.T 
... 2.3 

.,,14.6 



1800 514,280 20,124 346,796 866,920 880,200 181.892 17,6 

1810 6S1.,534 80.670 893,618 42S.0SS 974.622 94,422 10,7 

1S20 6: .3.0S7 37,189 436,1.53 462,292, 

1S80 694.300 47 ,-343 469.757 617,105, 

1840 740.9.5S 49,552 4+3.957 498,839. , 

18.50 895,304 53.829 472,5'3 536.357. . 

The aggregate statistics of the resources, wealtii. productions, manufactures, and institutions of the State, according to the 

census of 1850, and other official relunia referring to the same period of time, are as exhibited in the following snmniary ; 

Occupied tandu^ etc. — Improved farm lands, 10,3ij1.1,55 acres, and unimproved lands. 15.792.176 acres — valued in cash 

at $216,401,441. The whole number of farms under cultivation lui the 1st .lune, 1S50, was 77,013— in the Eastern District 

87,741, and in the Western District 89.273. Value of farming implements and machinery. $7,021,772, 

Jlit!f-.S'((K*.— Horses. 272,403 ; asses and mules. 31,4S0; milch cows, 817,619; workmg-oxen, 89.613; other cattle, 669,187 ; 
sheep, 1,310."(14; and swine. 1,830,748. The live-stock of 1840, aud the comparison of that with the live-stock of 1860, 
exhibit the following results ; 



option. 



I^<^"**» I 326,433 head \ 

Asses aiKi Mules ) « 



]■■' 



,0M,14S 



Asses and Mules 
Milch Cows — 
Working Oxen 
Other Cattle. . . 

Sheep 1.298.772 

ftwine 1.992.1,55 

-in 1860, the total value of live-stock was estimated at $33,656,059. 
880 



1 SnO. 

272.4113 head 
21,430 " 
817.619 
89,518 
669.1.37 
1,510,004 
1,S30,743 



lUovement. 



J- deer. 82,6.55 head, or 9,9 per cent. 



( 817.619 " ) 

X 89,518 " !• 

I 669.1.37 " 1 



.incr. 52,121 

.inn: 16.232 
.*«■. 161,412 



or 5.1 



1.3 

8.1 



VIRGINIA. 



tkcr 


. I ,&2-i.SliS " 


or 69.7 


hiny 


. 6II!,;23 " 


or 1.9 


rf«v 


. 3.272,1117 " 


or 24.3 


(Ifcr. 


. 61, 993 " 


or 70.9 


itecr 


. 2S,92-t " 


or 11.3 



Products o/Aninnik.— Vfoo\,2,SUI.76iV"ani\<i: butter, 11,089.859 pounds; cheese, «(J.29S pounds: and tlui value of 
aniniiils slaughtcrcrt rturinE; llie year was .$7,5(i:>,0(IG. The wool crop accounted for in the census of 1S40 amounted to 
2.53S,374 pounds: and hence the increase in tin- crop of H50 was r.22.:i91 pcuinds, or in tlie ratio of 12.7 per centum. In 
1S40, the average clip per fleece was 31.4 ounces, and iu 1S50, U.O ounces— maliing an increase iu 1850 of 8.9 ounces per 
fleece, or 12.4 per centum. 

Graiii rmpx.—^fhunt. ll,2.32,f.lC bushels : rye, V,<,OiU) busliels : Indian corn. S.'5,2,M,319 bushel-s ; oats, 10,179.n4'> bushels ; 
l)arley, 2.i,4.'i7 l)U8hels ; ami Ini.-liwheal, 214,SaS bushels. The several yields compared witli those returned in the census 
of 1S40 give the fi)]It)wing results : 

Cf"]'i. 1S40, is.',0. Movement. 

Wheat 10.109,716 busliels 11,2:!2,01C bushels iiia: 1,122,900 bushels, or 11.1 percent. 

K.ve 1,4S2,799 " 4.')S.9:iO " 

In.liancorn 34,577,591 " 85,254,319 " 

Oats 13,451,002 " 10,179.015 " 

r.arley S7,4-3I) " 2,'j,4:!7 " 

Buckwheat 243,S32 " 214,b9S " 

Ot/ier Food Ci'opx. — Kice, 17,154 (in 1S40, 2,590) pounds: peas and beans, 521,551 bushels: potatoes — Irish, 1,816,938 
bushels, and sweet. 1,513,071 bushels. The potato crop of the census of 1S40 ainouuted to 2,944,660 bushels, and hence 
the increase in ISoO is 1S5,944 bushels, or at the rate of 6.3 per centum. 

Mi-sc^^Ufint^om Crops. — Tobacco, 56,803,218 pounds: cotton, 3,947 bales of 400 pounds: bay, 869,093 tons; clover-seed, 
29,727 bushels; other grains seed, 23,428 bushels; hops, 11,506 pounds; heniii — flew-rottcd 90 tons, and water-rotted 51 
tnns : flax, 999,450 pounds : flax-seed, 52,318 bushels ; silk cocoons, 517 pounds; maple-sugar. 1,227,665 pounds; molasses, 
40.822 gallons; beeswax and honey, 880,767 poun<ls; wine, 5,408 gallons, etc. The value of orehanl products ^177,137 
and of market^garden products $183,047, The jirincipal crops exhibited in the censuses of 1^0 and 1850 arc comparatively 
as follows : 

Cr„i>^, l&)0. ]S5(1. Movement. 

Tobacco 75.847,106 pounds 50.808.218 pounds (/*cr. 1S,.5S3,SS8 pounds, or 24.6 per cent 

Cotton 3,194,4'<3 " 1,578,800 " (/<>«■. 1,916,6-3 " or 51.8 " 

Hay 304.7o8iton3 369,098 tons incr. 4,390} tons or 1.3 " 

Hop-; 10,597 pounds 11, ,500 pounds iJicr. 909 pounds, or S.6 " 

Ilenip — dew-rotteii . . . I ( 90 tons i 

■■ water-rotled... V 25.59^ tons < ,'i7 " [■</<>«•. 50.01.5,720 " or 97.7 " 

Klax ) I 999.150 pounds I 

Silk cocoons 8.191 pounds 517 " deer. 2,674 " or 8:!.9 " 

Maple-sugar l,.541,s:}3 " 1,227,005 " deer. 314.10S " or 20.3 " 

Wine 13,911 gallons 5,408 galh™ deer. 8,603 gallons or 61.1 " 

"The correctness of the returns as to hemp, in the seventh census, has not yet been perfectly verified. There has been 
some douljt, whether, in a number of instances, the marsluds have not written torn where they meant pounds. (Has 
not the reporter in this instance written tone where he meant pounds, and riee rerm/—Ki[. of Oaz.). If, however, the 
returns are allowed to st;uid without reduction, it would apjiearthat thi^ cultivation of hemp or flax has materially changed 
since 1840. In the returns of that year as sljited above, both of these articles were inihide.l under the same head. In 
ISIO, those of Virginia gave 25,594 tons of hemp an<l flax together. In 1850, only 141 tons of hemp, and 500 tons of flax 
were returned. Such a falling ofl' would amount to almost an abamlonment of the culture of hemp in that State, which 
there is no reason to suppose h:is taken ])\a.ce."—/teport ofSuperintftutent of the CeMiu, Dec. 1«*., 1S52. 

Home-made Mtimifitvtures vere produced in the year ending 1st .lune, 1850. to the value of 12,166,312. The same 
description of manufactures returned in the census of 1840 were valued at $2,441,072. 

M(inufaetures.—'^o\a\ capital invested, $00,1100,000; value of all raw material, fuel, etc., consumed In the year, 
$00,000,1100 ; average number of hands employed 110,000— males 00,00(1, and females 0,000 : monthly coat of labor $000,000— 
male $000,000, ami female $00,000; value of manufactures produ.'o.l in the year, $00,000,000. The whole number of 
manufacturing e^tJiMishmenls in operation on the Ist.Junc, 1S50, and producing to the vtdue of $500 and upward annually, 
was 4,4:i8— in the Eastern District 2.293, and in the Western Di.slrict 2,140, and these were distributed to the several 
counties as exhib;tc<l in the general table. Or the whole number 27 were cotton fact.iries; 121 woolen factories: 122 iron 
niamiraclories— 29 making pig iron, 54 making castings, and 39 making wrought iron ; .341 tanneries, etc The toll! 
ca|)ilal invesled in manufactures, in the year re|>resenteil in the census of 1840, amounted to $11,360,861. 

In the maiuifac.ture of rxitton goods, the capital employeil is $1,908,900; cotton consumed 17,785 bales, and coal 4.805 
tons ; v;due of all raw material, fuel, etc, $82s,375 ; hanrls employed 2,90:3-males 1,275, and females 1,68,8 ; monlhly ciwl 
of labor, $24.774-male $12,983, and female $11,791 ; products of the year-sheeting, 15,040,107 yar<ls, and yarn 1,755.915 
p..un.ls, vahfd at $1.4-0,3-4. In 1840 there were in the Slate 23 cotton mills, and 1 dyeing and printing eslahhshmenl, 
together employing 1,816 hands, and a capital of $1,299,030, and producing in the year, goods to Uie value of $440.06.3. 

In the manufacture of w™.^ii (700^7^, capital to the amount of $.392,040 is invested ; wool consumed in the year, l..V>l,no 
pounds, an.l coal 3.57 tons, valued together at $488.899 : hands employed 6.5S-males 478, and females 190 ; i.K.nlhly cosC 
of labor $10,571-to males $8,6-8, and to females $1,SS3; products of the year-<-loth 2,037,025 yards, and yar,. 898J.)5 
poun.ls, valued at $841,013. The capital invested in the woolen manufacture in 1840. wte. $112.»0, hands employed 222; 
value of yearly manufactures $147,792 ; which statements include also the statistics of fulling-mills. 

The condition of Ihe iron manufacture is exhibited in the following stalisUcal aggregates : 

S f, , PI. ir„„ Cait Iron. Wrnii-lit Iron. Toul. 

Capital Invested.: doW.rs... 513,8.10 47U0O 791£11 1,770.171 

o'-'^r"--; "T *"■'" 7,iu::::::::" 17,296::;::;:::: n4io 

J.,'«""""7' - _ 2,500 2.500 

Kl""»'»""^"l ■• - 205 - 205 

Old metal used -- 7 878 ■':::::. :. C6,5i5 1H.375 

Mineral Co.al consumed " 89.982 i.-" ,„oo,„v ^ is-.iu,n 

jSllDOO 71.600 103,000 1,185,0«0 



Coke and Charco.aI consumed huiluh.. 



S8T 



VIRGINIA. 



'ig Iron. Wroiiglil Iron. ChbI Iron. Tolal. 

158.307 2a7,0I4 691,«S l,04i;.7C9 



1,115 810 1,295. 

14 9 — . 

14,328 16..'?12 80,469. 

22.16:3 5,577 15.32S . 

621,924 674,416 1,254,995 . 



3,220 

23 

01 ,1(19 

43,063 

2,451,335 



Specificntions. 

Vaioe of all raw materinl, etc. — dotlnrs . . 

Hands employed— ffiale number.. 

" " female *' 

Monthly cost of lalxir doUiira . . 

Iron prtKiuceil '*'"* 

Value of year's produeta doUitrs . . 

—in 1840, Virginia had in operation 42 furnaces, that in the preceding year liad produced I8,S10i tons of cast iron, and 
62 bloomeries, forges, and rolling-mills, whicli had produced 6.856 Ions of bar iron. 

The t<innene/< emplity a capital of $670 9S3 : hands employed 900 — males 900, and females 6 ; monthly cost of labor 
$13 700— male $18,643, and female $63; sides of leather tanned 878,400, and skins tanned 74,573, togelher valued at 
$894,876. In 1840 there were in the State, 660 tanneries employnig 1.422 hands, and a capita! amounling lo $S:i8,141 ; and 
which had produced during the preceding year, 135.7S2 sides of sole lealher, and 206.210 8i<lc3 of upper leather. 

The capital invested in the manufacture of 7nalt and spiritiioii.^ liquors amoimts to $100,915. Qiianlilies and kinds of 
grain, etc., consumed— barley 20,000 bushels, com 250.700 bushels, rye 62,680 bushels, oats 450 bushels, anti hops 14 tons; 
hands employed 123; quantities of liquor jjroduced— ale, etc., 5,500 barrels, and whisky, etc.. 879,440 gallons. lu the 
census year 1840, Virgmia had 1,454 distilleries, producing in the year 865,725 gallons, and 5 breweries, producing 32,960 
gallons; hands employed 1,681, and capital invested $187,212. 

The manufactures, others than the above specified, consist of a great variety of important productionB, as machinery 
of all kinds, carriages, harness, e!c., and Virginia has also a large number of merchant and other mills. As a flour-pro- 
ducing State it stands first in its brands, and is only behind one or two other Stales in the extent of production. It has 
also large and valuable tobacco nianufaolories. 

Foreign Coim/ierce. — Virginia, in respect of foreign commerce, holds a seventh or eighth rank among the Stales of 
the Union. Accctrding to the official returns for the year ending 30th June, 1850, the value of its ex-ports to foreign 
countries amounted to $3,415,646, and of its imports In $426,599. This would indicate that the great bulk of its com- 
mercial material is carried to the porls of other States for exportation, and the foreign merchandise consumed within the 
State is brought through the same channels. That such is the case is well known, and hence we find that the coasting trade 
is unusually extensive, chiefiy carried on by the shipping of northern ports. This was not always bo, for at one time 
Virginia stood at the head of the commercial States, and its shipping held the same rank in foreign ports as that now 
occupied hy the mereanlile marine of New York. Of the total exports in 1850, $3,413,158 was the value of domestic 
products, and of these to the value of $2,865,241 was shipped in American and $1,047,917 in foreign vessels — the re- 
mainder of the aggregate value ($2,488) was foreign produce re-shipped in American vessels. Of Ihe imports $172,378 
was the value of merchandise landed from American and $253,721 from foreign vessels. The shipping employed in the 
carrying trade consisted as follows : 

Entered. Cleared. Tot«l. 



Nationality of 
eli-|i|.ing. 

American . . . 



Foreign . 



Vessels. Tons. 

. 69 12,190 . 

. 8S 18,775 . 



564 . 
82S . 



Vessels. Tons. Crews. 

.. 1S7 42,091 1,710 

.. 98 28,867 9,'56 



,157 80,905 1,S 



.285 65,458 2,6M 

. 64 11,684 474 

. 140 26.765 1,163 

. 5 1.946 63 

. 09 24,.321 90S 

. 7 892 44 



Vessels. 


Tons. 


Crews. 


256 . . 


. . 54.281 . . 


. . 2,274 


186.. 


..42,142.. 


..1,781 


443 .. 


. . 96,423 . . 


. . 4,058 


123 .. 


.. 22,173 .. 


.. 916 


214 .. 


..41.046 .. 


. . 1.847 


14 .. 


. . 6,463 . . 


.. 194 


77 .. 


. . 26,132 . . 


.. 991 


14 . . 


.. 1.610 .. 


.. 86 



Total. 

Alexandria 59 10.033 442. 

Norfolk 74 14,281 684. 

relersburg 9 3.517 131 . 

Richmond 8 1,811 76. 

Tappahannock... 7 718 42. 

The shipping owned in the several district.? of the State in IS-IO, amounted to 74,071 tons; of this 18,043 tons was 
"registered" siiipping— 7,092 permanent, and 10,591 temporary; 52,,'J35 tons was "enrolled .and licensed"— 51,511 tons 
permanent, and 1,021 temporary; and 8,493 tons was "licensed under 20 tons." The tonnage of the districts was as 
follows— Alexandria, 8,788 tons; Norfolk, 24,136 tons; Petersburg, 2,708 tons; Richmond, 8,458 tons; Torklown, 4,807 
tons; Tappahannock, 5.824 tons; Accomac, 4,088 tons; East River, 4,809 tons; Yeocomico, 3,284 tons; Cherrystone 
1,232 tons, and "Wheeling, 6.984 tons. Of the enrolled and licensed tonnage, all of which is employed in the coasting 
and river trade, 8.726 Ions are navigated by steam-power — in the Atlanlic districts, 2,792 tons, and in IVIieeling district, 
on Ohio Eiver, 5,934 tons. "Within the year specified there wore built in the State — 1 ship. 1 brig, 27 schooners, and 5 
steamers — total, 84 vessels, of an aggregate burden of 3,584 tons. The serial statistics of the foreign commerce from 1791 
to 1850, are comprised in the following table : 



Year. Exports. Imports. 

1791 $3.130,865 $ 

1792 8,6.'>2,S25 

1793 2,987.098 

1794 8,321.636 

1795 3,490,041 

1796 5,268,655 

1797 4.908.718 

179S 6,113,451 



1799 .. 
1600 . . 

1801 .. 

1802 . . 

1803 . . 

1804 .. 

1805 . . 



6,292,986 . 
4,480,689 . 
6,655.674 . 
8.978.363 . 
6,10O,7(iS . 
6,790,001 . 
6,000,020 . 



Year. Exports. Imports. 

1806 $5,0,'i5,396 $ 

1807 4,761.234 

1808 526,478 

1809 2,894,125 

1810 4,822,611 



1811 . 

1812 . 



4,822,307 . 
8,091,112 . 



1818 1,819,723 



1814. 
1815 . 



17,681 . 
6.676.976 . 



1816 8,212,860 . 

1817 6,628,443 . 

1818 7,016,246, 

1819 4,892,821 , 

1820 4,557,957 . 



Year, Exports, Im|)orts. 

1821 $3,079,209 $1,078,490 

1822 8,217,889 864.162 

1823 4,006,788 631,810 

1824 8,277,664 639,787 

1825 4,1 29,620 533,562 

1826 4,596,782 635,4.38 

1827 4,657,933 431,765 

1828 8,340,185 875,238 

1829 ....... 8.787,431 895.3.i3 

1830 4,791.644 405,7.39 

1881 4,151,475 438,523 

1882 4,510.650 553.639 

18.33 4,467,687 690,891 

1884 8,469,240 837,825 



1835 6i064,068 . 



691,255 



VIRGINIA. 



Yenr. 
ISSC 

1S37 

isas 

1S39 — 

1S40 4,TrS,220 



Exportn, Imports. 

$6,192.11411 .tl,lll6,S14 

3,7112.714 813,802 

8,9S6.22,S 577,142 



54,%eS,'> 



1541 , . 

1542 . . 

1543 .. 



Exports, 

. . . $5,630,286 . 
... 8,7.')0.3iG . 
... 1.9.57,165 . 



1844 2,942.279 . 

1S45 2,104,681 . 



Imp.)rts 
$377,537 
816.7115 
187.002 
2n7.6.54 
267,068 



Year. Exports. 

1816 $3,529,299 . 

1847 6,6.")S,374 , 

1S43 3,081.412 , 

1«49 3,.37.%73S . 



Inip.irte. 
$2119,004 

8S(>,127 
215,081 
241,935 



1860 . 



8,415,040 426,.'i99 



Internal Communication, etc, — The railroads anti canals of Virginia, which arc among the most magnifi'-cnt works 
of the kind in tlie tTnion, extend o:cneraIly from the .\tlanlic porl-s to the West, and are continued throuijh Ohio, Ken- 
tucky, ami Tennessee, to all the chief places in the norlh-west. west, and south-west. Alexandria, llichtni.nd. and 
Norfolk are the initial points on llie Atlantic: from Alexantlria liivercje the Oraiiirc and Alexandria Kailroad and the 
Manass:is Oap R. II. — the one directed toward Gordonville, where it joins the Central road, and the ollu-r crossiiis the 
first mountains, and pa^sin? down the valley to Harrishurjx and Staunton, there unites with the same line : th>- ("entral 
liailroad, st:irling at Itidimond, pas.ses through Oordonsville, 8taunton, etc., to Covington, and there unites with the 
Covington and Ohio liailrt>ad, extending westward to Point rieasant, on the Ohio, tlicre uniting with tlie tlliio system, 
and to the mouth of Dig Sandy Itiver, wliere it Joins the Kentucky lines to Maysville, Lexinglttn, and Louisville, and 
through them eonneots Willi the lines streti-hing to the north and toward Nashville and New ttrleans, antl from N.-rlitlk 
and Petersburg a line extends through the southern counties to the Tennessee line, whence it is continued lo Knoxville, 
connecting at that point with numerous lines directed to every iniporlant cenlral station in tlie south-west. etc. These 
railroads furnish to the State ample means of transportation, and will carry to and from the si'ahoard an iiutoense com- 
mercial material. They will also he the means of reviving the general conmierce of the Slate, and of furnishing an 
outlet at Virginian porls for nuieh of the produce of Ohio, Kentucky, and Tennessee, which now finds its way to more 
northern markets. In the north-west several lines are heing biiiil to c<innect the systems of Pennsylvania and Maryland 
Willi those of Ohio and the West, and of tliese the North-weslern Uailroad is, perhaps, ihe most important, a^ it will 
furnish the shortest route from Cincinnati to Ballimore. In the south-east tlie Seaboard and Koanoke Kailroad furnishes 
an important route from the seaboard i[ito North Carolina. Ttie great soulh.rn line of railroacis also passes through 
Virginia, having Fredericksburg, Pjcbmond, ami Petersburg in its route, and being couliuued south and soulii-west to 
■Wilmington, Columbia, etc. This is the route of the great soulliern mail. There are. bi'sides these, numerous slmrt lines, 
branches, etc., diverging from the main lines to several important points. Tlie whole extent of compl.-ted railroad in 
the Stale on the 1st January, 1S53, w,as 624 miles, and about Sou miles more were in course of conslruction. 

The canals of Virginia are — the James F.iver and Kanawha Canal, the Dismal Swamp Canal, and (lie .Vb-v.-mdria 
Canal. The Baltimore and Ohio Canal, though in Maryland, is to all intents and purposes as much a canal of Virginia 
as of that State, being only separated from it by the channel of the Potomac Uiver, The Alexandria ('.-inal, which is a 
continuation of the Baltimore ami Ohio Canal, from Georgetown to Alexandria, is 7^ miles long, and is carried )>ver Ihe 
Potomac on a splen<lid aqueduct. The .James Itiver and Kanawha Canal, second only in extent and importance lo the 
Erie Canal of New York, is carried through the valley of James Uiver, and is now cimplete to nalcony Kails, from 
which point it will be continued along the valley of Kanawha Kiver lo the Ohio, This great work has bi.|.n of v.ast 
advantige to the interior of Virginia, and on an average transports about $12,000,000 valuation of merchan-lise 
" Without the Erie Canal," says Governor Floyd, " the city of New York would have been secoml still to Pbilad.-lphia. 
Great as the advantages of this work unquestionably are, those of the James Iliver an.l Kanawha Cain-d are unibnibteilly 
superior. It possesses the striking advantage of lying five degrees sailh of the great norllK-rn work, and is rheref 're 
free from the ice which obstructs the navigation there for so large a portion of the year. It touches the Ohio Uiver far 
south of any water coramumcation from the Atlantic wliatcver. and at a point south of wliiidi there can be across the 
country no other water connection. It will comniantl all the trade of a great part of Ohio. Kentucky. Indiana, Illinois, 
ami Missouri, and most probably those regions lying sliil higher up h)War.i the sources of the Missouri aft-r that period 
it is unsafe to send produce north. We will see." says the governor. " canal boats laden at the Falls of St. Aniliony or 
Council Bluff discharging their cargoes at Lynchburg. Uichmond. and Norfolk," etc. This work is now rapidly iiro- 
gressing to completion. The Dismal Swamp Canal connects Chesapeake Bay with .Mbemarle Sound, exiending from 
beep Creek to Joyce's Creek. 23 miles. At present it is chiefly valuable a.s an avenue for the Iransiiorlation of the 
lumber, naval stores, etc., of the region Ihrouah which it passes. Willi such works as Ihe above, who can not but foreseo 
that Virginia will, at no distant day, be one of the most successful comuK rcial States of the I'nion, and, ils ports, so long 
forsaken, the niartf* of a trade not surpassed by that of the present great emporia of the country. 

jj,„(/-.v.— In October, 1850, Virginia had banks and 31 branch banks. The condition of these estahlishmenls. at that 
d.ale. w.as as follows: J/oWW/m—capil.al. $9,M4.,M5: circulation, $10,2.56,967; deposits, $4.717.7.32; due other banks, 
$.3.38.841; and «»«eto— loans and discounts, $19,646,777: stocks, $2159,914; real estate, $704,2^2; other inveslinenls, 
$210,498; due by other banks, $1,925,052: notes of other banks, $552,153; and spi-cie, $2,923,174. Since the dale of 
these relurns several Imnks have been estJiblished in accordance with the new banking law, depositing security for the 
redemption of their notes. The returns above given are those of the old cliarlercd banks, whieh enjoy a hiL'h credit at 
home and abroad. These are— the Bank of the Valley, at Winchester, with br.inches at Cliarleslowii, I.ecsliura-. Uom- 
ney. Staunton, and Chrislianburg; the Bank of Virginia, at Uichmon.l. with branches at Uuchanan, ('liarle»town, 
Danville, Fredericksburg, Lynchburg, Norfolk, Petersburg, and PorLsmonth : the Ex.diange Bank <.f Vir^'inia. nl Nor- 
folk, with branches at Abiiiglon, Alexandria. Clarkesville, Petersburg, Uichm..nd, Salem, and Weslon ; tin- Farmers' 
Bank of Virginia, at Uichmond, wilh branches at Alexan.lria, Charlottesville, Panville, Farmville. Fr.-.|ericksl>urg, 
Lynchburg. Norfolk. Petersburg. Winchcsler. ami Wylbesville ; Ihe Merebanis' and .\b-elianics' Bank, at Wluc-lim.-. wilh 
branch at Morgantown : and the North-western Bank of Virginia, at Wheeling, with brandies at Jemrsonville. Park- 
ersburg, an<l Wellsburg. 

Gm'fnimetit, eft-.— The present conslilution of Virginia was adopte.l in convenlion on the 1st of Au-rist and ratified 
by the people on the 251h of Ocl.ibcr. 18-.1. It superseded the constituli.m of 1770 and Ihe amen.lment'* of 1^:11. 

The ri;i/it to rofe is given to every while male citizen 21 years old. resident of the Slate two y.'ars. and of ihe county, 

city, or lown one year next preceding an election. The exceplir.ns an' those common lo oilier Stales. Votes are given 

riiii rinv, and not by ballot; but dumb persons may so vote. The gener,al election is hehl on the fourth Thursday of 

October biennially. 

The Leaislatili'e is styU^I the General Assembly, ami consists of a House of Delegates and a Senate, Th.' bouse eon- 

yu SS9 



VIRGINIA. 



8ist3 of 152 members, ohosi^n biennially, apportioned on the basis of the while population. The Senate is bused on 
population and taxation combined, and consists of 50 members, elected in districts by the voters therein for the term of 
four years, one-half the number being chosen biennially. Delegates must have attained the age of 21 and senators that 
of 25 years, and none but qualified voters are eligible for election. Persons holding lucrative officer, ministers of the 
Gospel, salaried officers of banks, and attorneys of the Commonwealth are ineligible. Any elective officer removing 
ft-om his district vacates his office. In 1S65, and decennially thereafter, there shall be a re-apportionment. The sessions 
of the Legislature commence on the second Monday of January biennially, and continue not more than 90 days, unless 
a prolongation be concurred in by three-fifths of all the merflbers, nor in any case shall a session be extended beyond the 
ordinary term for more than SO days. Bills may originate or be amended in either house. 

The eccecutive jyoicer is vested in a Governor, elected by the people for four years, commencing from the 1st January 
Bocceeding election. The governor is ineligilile for any other office during his term, and can be elected fur two succes- 
sive terms. He must be Sll years of age, a native citizen of the United States, and for 5 years a citizen of the State. lie 
must reside at the seat of government A Lieutenant-governor, with like qualitications, etc., is elected for a like term, 
and is the constitutional successor of the governor in case of death or disability ; he is also ex-oj/icio president of tlie 
Senate. 

The principal administrative officers are — a Secretary of the Commonwealth, a Treasurer, and an Auditor of Public 
Accounts, These are elected by joint vote of the General Assembly for two years. For the purpose of electing the 
Board of Public Works, the State is divided into three districts, each of which shall elect one commissioner. Their 
term is six years, and they are so classified that one of their number shall retire every two years. The General Assembly 
by a three-filths vote may abolish the board. 

The judiciary is vested in a Supreme Court of Appeals, District Courts, and Circuit Courts. In each circuit (21 in 
number), a judge is elected by the voters for the term of eight years, and who holds two circuit conrta in the counties of 
his circuit annually. In each district (10 in number), a district court is held by the judges of the circuits constituting the 
District, and the Judge of the Supreme Court for the Section, any three of whom may hold a court Judges of tho 
Supreme Court of Appeals are also electerl by the voters for 12 years, each section (5 in number), electing 1 Judge. The 
5 judges so elected constitute the Supreme Court, any three of whom may hold a circuit It has jurisdiction only where 
tlie matter in controversy is not less in value tban $500, except in certain specified cases. Special Courts of Appeal may 
be organized. Circuit Judges must not be less than 30, nor Supreme Court Judges less than 35 years of age. and no 
election for judges shall be held within 30 days of the time of holding the election for President, for Ciuigressmen. or 
for members t.f the State Legislature. Officers of tho Supreme and District Courts are app<:iinted by the Judges thereof; 
but Clerks of Circuits are elected by the voters for six years. V.'hen a Governor is elected, an Attorney-general Is also 
elected for the term of four years. 

County Courts are held monthly by not less than three, nor more than five Justices. Each county is divided inta dis- 
tricts, and each district elects 4 Justices for the term of 4 years. The Justices so elected choose one of their own body to 
attend each term of the Court, and classify tho rest for the performance of their duties.. The voters of eadi county elect 
also a Clerk of tho County Court, and a Surveyor, for G years, an Attorney of the Commonwealth for 4 years, and aSheriff, 
and Commissioner of the Revenue, for 2 years. Constables and overseers of the poor are elected by tho voters. 

Among the miscellaneous provtj^ions of the constitution are the following : the writ of habeas corpus siiall not be sus- 
pended, nor shall any bill of attainder be passed, nor any eir-post-facto law, nor any law impairing the obligation of 
contracts, or taking private property without just compensation, or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press, or 
establishing any ndigion, or prescribing any religious teat, or conferring any privileges or advantages on any one sect or 
denomination ; no law shall embrace more than one object, and when amended, shall be re^nacted at length ; provision 
may be made, renderiugineligiblo for office those who fightorare engaged in a duel; the Senate shall try impeachments 
made by the House, and may sit for this purpose during recess ; slaves hereatter emancipated shall forft- it their freed.>m by 
remaining in the Commonwealth more than 12 months ; restrictions may be imposed upon emancipation, but the General 
Assembly shall not emancipate ; it may relieve the State from the free negroes by removal or otherwise; yeas and nays 
shall be taken on all tax and appropriation bills ; no incorporated company shall be released from its liability to the State, 
nor shall the faith of the State be pledged for the debts of any company ; seven per cent of the State debt existing, Ist 
January. 1S52. shall be annually set apart as a sinking fund to redeem said debt ; no loans shall be contracted for a longer 
period than 34 years ; whenever a debt is contracted, there shall be set apart annually for 34 years, a sum exceeding by one 
per cent the atrgregate amount of the annual interest agreed to be paid thereon at the time of its contraction, which sum 
shall be a part of tlie sinking fund ; stocks held by the Commonwealth may be sold, but the proceeds must be applied to 
the payment of the public debt ; no charter shall be granted to any church, but title to church properly may be gr.inted 
to a limited extent; no lottery shall be authorized, and the buying and selling of tickets shall be prohibited; n(» new 
county shall bo formed with an area less than GOO square miles; powers shall be conferred on the Courts exclusively to 
grant divorces, to change the names of persons, and direct the sale of infants' estates; there shall be a periodical regisi 
tration of voters, and of births, marriages, and deaths, annually ; a census shall be taken every five years after the natii>rial 
Census. 

Federal Representation.— In accordance with tho act of 23d May, 1S53, Virginia elects thirteen representatives to the 
Congress of the United States. 

The militia force of the State. In 1S51, consisted of 125,123 men of all arms, of which number 6,404 were ooinniisHi(«ied 
officers, and 118.C34 non-commissioned officers, musicians, artificers, and privates. Of the commissioned officers y^Z were 
general officers, GG general staff'-officers, 1,423 field-officers, etc., and 4,973 company ofiScers. All white persons between 
the ag*s I'f IS and 45 are subject to military duty. 

The principal benevolent institutions of the State are the Lunatic Asylum, at Staunton, and the Institution for the Deaf 
and Dumb and the Blind, at the same place. These institutions are liberally supported by annual legislative appropriations. 
Public Fiiiajicefi, ^c— The aggregate debt of Virginia, on the 1st April, 1851, was as follows: R.-voIutionary War debt 
(6p. c), $24,0.39 17; war debt of 1S12 (7 p. c), $319,000; Internal improvement debt (6 p. c), $9,364,916 '14; internal 
improvement debt (5 p. c), $1,065,600: internal improvement debt (5i p. c). $25,300; debt for subscription to banks, 
$450,107— total deltt, $11.24S.962 21 ; but tif this there was held l)y State agents, under the control of the Legislature— by 
Literary Fund $1,125,606 50, and by Board of Public Works $375,912 41. or in all $1,501,518 91, leaving an actual out- 
filandlnsdebi of $9,747,443 30. The State is also li.ible cimditionally for guaranteed bonds for intmial improvements 
$3,947,S94. The Slate holds assets, consisting of stocks and debts due— productive of $7,000,565 4S, and— not now i>ro- 
S90 



VIRGINIA. 



duetive, $6,052,206 53 ; totiil ^13,112,S32 11. The valuation of property, rt-ai and personal, assessed for taxation, in ISoO, 
amounted to $SS1,376,G60. The valuation of the same, according to the U. S. census of that year, was .^13u,Tul,t)S2. The 
valuation fcir taxes in May, 1862, amounted to $415,642,189 70, being an increase of over $34,()U0,000 iu two years, and it 
was estimated that there was other property not taxed to the value of $50,000,000. 

The chief sources of income for the year were as follows : ordinary revenue and taxation, $676,256 09 ; dividends on 
bank stock, $236,542 9-4; bonus on bank dividends, $46,093 86; internal improvements, $64,029; interest on loans to 
internal improvement companies, $90,771 61 ; militia fines $13,509 76 ; annuity from Old James River Company, $21,Mtio ; 
loans obtained to pay subscriptions to joint-stock companies, etc., $1,288,395 19 ; temporary loans, $100,000; Washington 
Monument Fund, $22,115 69 ; and sales of articles made at the Penitentiary $11,000. The expenditures were as follow : 
expenses of General Assembly, $103,867 2.i ; oUlcers of government, $93,647 45; criminal charges, $39,554 82; con- 
tingent expenses of Courts, $32,931 65 ; militia, $19,344 65 ; Virginia Military Institute, $20,710; public guard at Kieli- 
mond, $21.M0 IS; com m. of revenue, $-32,106 90; lunatics and lunatic asylums, $I0il,S90 71; deaf ami dun]ls and blind 
asylums, $15,901 29 ; interest on public debt, $659,634 47 ; contingent fund, $16,672 40 ; puWic roads, $5,601 50 ; general 
appropriations, $27,162 02; revision of laws, $28,801; penitentiary, $27,602 84; redemption of public delit, $239,600; 
advance to Board of Public Works, $197,000; Washington moimment, $29,860 a5; diviileuds to sloeklioldcrs of Old 
.Tames Kiver Comjtany, $20,895; surveys, $3,500 ; subscriptions to internal improvement c^nnpaniesoutof loans received. 
$1,185,627 23 ; primary schools, $45,674 03 ; and annuity to University of Virginia, .$150,000. 

Educational Statidics. — The number of schools reported in 126 counties and towns, for the year ls5'l-51, was 3,904, 
and the number of poor children 72,876, of which 31,053 had attended sch'iols during the year. Amount expended lor 
tuition, including b(»oks, compensation of officers, and all other expenses $68,135 93. Average actual attendance of each 
child at common schools, 52J days. Average cost per annum of each scholar. $2 15. The permanent capital of the 
Literary Fund amounted, on the 1st October, 1350, to $1,.533,710 32; and the revenue derived therefrom, for the year, 
amounted to $97.SS3 66. Academies, seminaries, and private schools, are numerous in all the cities and towns, and many 
of these are institutions of favorable reputation. The statistics of the collegiate establishments and professional schools, 
in 1351, are as follow : 

Ciile'-iate In-titiitioii3. Locntifin. - FoitTiiled. Profesgiirs. Alumni. Stu.lenls. Vols, in libr. 

William and Mary Coll. (Episc.) Williamsburg 1692 .. . 

Hampden-Sidney College Prince Edward's co 1783. . . 

Washington College Lexington 1789. . . 

University of Virginia Charlottesville 1319. . . 

P.andolpli-Macon College (Meth.) Boydton 1833 . . . 

Eichmond College (Baptist) Eiehmond 1833. . . 

Emory and Henry College (Meth.) . .Emory 1833 . . . 

Eector College (Baptist) Pnmtylown 1839 3. 

Virginia Military Institute Lexington 1S.39... 

Bethany College Bethany 1S41 . . . 

rrofcuHonai SchooU : 

Episcopal Theol. Schoolof Virginia. .Fairfax county 1322 4. 

Unio.;Theol. Seminary (Presb.) Prince Edward co 1S24... 

Virginia Baptist Seminary Eicbmond 1832 8. 

Law Department, Univ. of Virginia .Charlottesville — ... 

" " Will, and M. Coll.. Williamsburg — ... 

Medical School, Univ. of Virginia . . .Charlottesville 1325. . . 

Medical Depart., Ilamp.-Sidney Coll. . Eicbmond 1833 . . . 

Winchester Medical College Winchester — ... 

William and Mary College is, with the exception of Harvard University, the oldest literary institution in the country, 
and is distinguished for its large proportion of graduates who have risen to eminence, some of whom have heM the 
highest stations in the nation. Th.imas .Jeflerson was a graduate of litis college. It was founded on a donation of land, 
20^000 acres, granted in the reign of William and Mary. The buildings are of brick, and sufficient to accommodate loo 
stiidents. It was formerly allowed a representative in the General Assembly. Hampden-Sidney College w.as establisheil 
in 1774, and named after those martyrs, who perished in the good old cause — John llampden, and Algernon Sidney. U 
was chartered in 173.3. More instructors have emanated from this college than from any other Southern inslitulion. Con- 
nected with the college is a Literary and Philosophic Society, and an Institute of Education. There are al.so .several 
societies among the students. The university owes its origin and peculiar organization to Mr. Jeffersoji. It possesses 
philosophical a'nd chemical apparatus, together with a fine cabinet of minerals and fossils, and an anat"inical ami miscel- 
laneous museum. The observatory, a short distance from the university, is furnished with the requisite astronomical 
instrument. The organization of the university differs materially from that of any other institution in ih,- Union. The 
students are not divided into four classes, with a course of studies embracing four years, but the different branches are 
Btyled "schools," and the student is at liberty to atleml which he |)leases, and graduate in each when prepared. In order 
to attain the degree of M. A., the student must graduate in the several schools of mathematics, ancient hinguages, .n.jral 
philosopliv, natural philosophv, chemistry, and in some two of the modem languages. This institution is m every respect 
organized; and justly regarded as a university of the first class. The Virginia Military Institute is co.iducted on the plan 
of instruction observed at West Point, and is a highly valued institution, and has been UbcraUy encouraged by State 

"^'pKW/!-'/.™«/ri<.s.-The Eeport of the Librarian of the Smithsonian Institution made in 1S51, slates the public libraries 
of Virginia as follows : one State library-14.000 volumes ; 4 soeiaI-3,313 volumes ; 9 eollege-15,790 volumes ; S ""''-nls'- 
10,406 volumes; 5 academic and professionaI-12,951 volumes; 1 scientific and historical-1,200 volumes; 2 public-1,460 
volumes. Total— 30 liliraries, and 89,130 volumes. i. „, , 

rerioMcal Pre^s.-WTgima, on the 1st .June, 1350, had 100 periodical is-oues-in politics SI were whig, 22 democrat, 
and 47 neutral, the latter including those devoted to lib-rature, science, religion, and all the character of which had not 
been ascertained. Of the whole number 20 were published daily, C tri-weekly. 7 semi-vveekly. 60_wee-kly, 4 monthly, and 
1 quarterly ; and the circulation of the dailies was .33,760 copies at each issue ; .)f the tri-weeklies, . 00 copies ; of M,e semi- 



7. . .. 





.... 36 


. . . 5.ofio 


6.... 


....1,.')00.... 


.... 25 


S.ooO 


6.... 


600 


.... 50 


... 4,95(1 


10.... 


....3,500 


....3S3 


... 16.000 


7.... 


.... 147.... 


.... SO 


. . . . S.liOO 


5.... 


5.... 


.... 50 


.... 1.2110 


5.... 


.... 65.... 


....100 


.... 7.S07 


3.... 


_ 


.... ,50 


.... 2,600 


6.... 


.... 107.... 


....120 


. . . 2,000 


6.... 


.... 80.... 


....141 


.... S,.500 


4.... 


.... 239.... 


.... 8S.... 


. . . . 5.11110 


8.... 


.... 175.... 


.... 20..., 


'4.000 


8.... 


— 


.... 07.... 


1,000 


1 





70.... 





1.... 





.... 82.... 


_ 


3.... 


— 


.... 96.... 


— 


T.... 


.... 40.... 


.... 90.... 


— 


5.... 


— 


— 


— 



VIRGINIA. 



Cliiiri-b 


V»Ioe of 


Dennmina- 


N<i. of Cliurrh 


Value of 


Denomioa- 


No. of Clturtli 


V.Uie .,f 


accom. 


Property. 


Kuns. 


Clmri;lie8. aci.oin. 


Property. 


tions. 


dm relies, accom. 


I'roperty. 


241.659.. 


$687,918 


Germ'n Eet 


9.. 8,S00 


. $16,200 


E. Catholid. 


17 .. 7,980 . 


. $126,100 


4,900.. 


7,595 


Jewish .... 


1 . . 600 


. 4,000 


Swedenb'g . 


— .. — . 


_ 


— .. 


— 


Lutheran. . . 


50 . . 18,750 


. 52,445 


Tunker 


8 .. 4,4«0 . 


8,200 


— .. 


— 


Meiinonite. . 


6 . . 2,250 


. 5,650 


Union 


47 ..13,250 . 


. 24,025 


78,SS4.. 


627,150 


Methodist. . 


1,002 ..315,763 


. 721,008 


Unitarian . . 


— .. — . 


— 


85,025. . 


61,900 


Moniviati.. 


8.. 1,500 


. 2,650 


Universalist 


1 .. 200 . 


500 


6r300. . 


18,825 


Presbj-ler'u. 


236.. 101,625 


. 567,165 


Minor Secta. 


8 .. 2,825 . 


. 18,050 



Weeklies, 6,500 copies ; of the weeklies, 41,936 copies; of the monthlies, IS^SO copies; and of the quarterly, 1,000 copies. 
There were ptihlished in Augusta County (Staunton), S weekly; Albemarle -(3 in Charlottesville), 3 w. and 1 m. ; in 
Alexandria, 1 d., 1 t.-w., and 1 w. ; in Botetourt, Berkeley, and Brooke, each 2 w. ; in Campbell (Lynchburg), 3 s.-w. ; in 
Dinwiddle (Petersburg), 2 d. and 1 L-w. ; in Fauquier, 2 w. ; in Fairfax, 1 w. ; in Frederick (Winchester). 2 w. ; in 
Greenbrier. 1 w. ; in Harrison, 2 w. ; in Hardy. 1 w. ; in Hampshire, 2 w. ; in Ucnrico (Richmond). 6 d., 1 s.-w.. 2 w.. 5 
m., and 1 quarterly ; in Jefferson, 3 w. ; in Kanawha, 1 w. : in Loudon, 2 w. ; in Lewis, Marshall, and Monroe, each 
1 w. ; in Monongalia, 3 w. ; in Marion and Nansemond, each 1 w. ; in Norfolk (Portsmouth 6, and Norfolk 7), 7 d., 
4 L-w., and 2 w. ; in Ohio (Wheeling), 3 d. and 2 w. ; in Preston, Prince Edward, and Pitlsvlvania, each 1 w. ; in Uock- 
bridge, Rockingham, and Shenandoah, each 2 w. ; in Spottsj ivania (Fredericksburg), 1 d., 2 s.-w., and 3 w. ; in Tazewell, 
1 w. ; in Washington, 2 w. ; and in Wood and Wythe, each 1 weekly. 
Jidigious Deiwmiitations. — The statistics of the several religious denominations in tbe State in 1S50 were as follows : 

Derinniina* No. nf 
tion3, Chu relies. 

Baptist 639.. S 

Christian... 16.. 
Congregall. — . . 
Dutch Ref.. — .. 
Episcopal.. 167.. 

Free 107.. 

Friends 14.. 

— making a total of 2.336 churches, with accoranrwdation for 834,691 persons, and valued at $2,^9,176. 

Virginia forms a diocese of the Protestant Episcopal Church, and comprises the Roman Catholic Dioceses of Rich- 
mond and Wheeling, and also a portion of the Archdiocese of Baltimore, the last being tliat portion of the District of 
Columbia retroceded in 1S46. 

Paupei-i&n. — The whole number of paupers relieved and supported within the year ending Ist June, 1S50, was 5,11S, 
of whom 4.933 were native born and 1S5 foreigners ; and the whole number of paupers at the date specified was 4,4jS, 
of whom 4,356 were natives and 102 foreigners. Cost of support, etc., during the year $151,722. 

Historical Si'etc?i. — The name of Virginia, though now belonging only to the present Slate of that name, was origin- 
ally given to the whole extent of country afterward divided into the thirteen colonies. It was bestowed upon the 
country, which he attempted to colonize, by Sir Walter Raleigh, in honor of Elizabeth, England's virgin queen. The 
settlement within the limits of tbe present State were not, however, effected until April, 16<i7, and this was the first per- 
manent settlement by the English in America. Previous to this many ineffectual efforts had been made to plant colonies 
on the Atlantic coast. At length the matter was undertaken by a company, to which a patent was granted by James I., 
and which was called the London Company, to distinguish it from the Plymouth Company, which subsequently settled 
New England. Three ships, with 105 persons, sailed from London in December, 1606, and after a tedious and circuitous 
passage entered the Bay of Chesapeake in April, 1607. On a peninsula a little distance up James River, a settlement 
called Jamestown was begun. The colonists soon experienced Ihe diflBcuIties of their new position, and to the great 
exertions of Captain John Smith, distinguished among the adventurers of the age, the colony was indebted to its pres- 
ervation. An incident which occurred at this period has lent to his history the attractions of romance. While on a 
foraging expedition he was taken prisoner by the Indians, who determined to put him to death ; his head was placed 
on a stone, and the savages were about to dispatch him with clubs, when Pocahontas, the daughter of the principal 
chief, Powhatan, after in vain imploring mercy for him, rushed forward, and resting her head upon that of the captive, 
appeared det<-rmined to share his fate. Powhatan relented, and soon afterward permitted Smith to return home. Two 
years after, when the Indians had plotted the destruction of the colony, Pocahontas, faithful to the attachment she had 
formed, disclosed the plot to the English, and the Indians finding them on their guard, abandoned the jinject. Such 
was the distress of the colonists in 1610, that the survivors had actually embarked to return to England, when Lord 
Delaware, who had been appointed governor, arrived with supplies and 150 men, and persuaded the cohmists to remain. 
Under this governor and his successor the settlement prospered ; useful industry succeeded to their previous habits, and, 
aided by a fertile soil, they were enabled to raise large stocks of provisions. In 1619 the first legislature was con^ ened, 
and about this period 1,200 additional emigrants arrived, among whom were 150 young women, who were sold to the 
planters for wives. Negro slaves were first brought into the country at this time. In 1622 the Indians surprised the 
settlements and massacred some 347 of the colonists ; and the whole colony would have shared Ihe same fate, but that 
timely information had been given the inhabilanis of Jamestown of the conspiracy. To this famine succeeded, which 
was, however, alleviated by tiie arrival of provisions from England. A reinforcement arriving at the same time, war 
was levied against the Indians, and in a short time most of the neighboring tribes were subdued or slain. Two years 
afli'rward the company was dissolved and the charter resumed by the king. All power was vested in commissioners, 
and under their rule the colony suffered grievously. Sir John Harvey, the royal governor appointed in 1629, was seizel 
by the people and sent home a prisoner. He was succeeded by Sir William Berkeley, who called an assembly of 
burgesses, and governed the province with mihlness and prudence. 

On the revolution in England, the Virginians adhered to the cause of the monarch, and even after the ileath of 
Charles I. refused to acknowledge the commonwealth. Submission was forced by sending against them an arnmment; 
but tlie sentiments of the colonists were again declared, for even before the restoration in England the authority of 
Charles II. had been acknowledged in Virginia. In 1661, an assembly was called by the governor, and in the suci-eeding 
year the Church of England was established by law. Notwitlisianding this n-niarkable loyalty of the Virginians, they 
were made to suffer grievously from the arbitrary and monopolizing system of the home government. The navigation 
act, and other measures of a similar nature adopted to this time, weighed heavily on the people, and in addition to iheso 
grievances, the king, regardless of the rights of the landed proprietors, granted to his courtiers large tracts of land, to 
which the settlers were legally entitled. From these causes arose an insurrection, memorable in the history <»f Virginia, 
and known as Bacon's Rebellion. Colonel Bacon, an eloquent and ambitious man, put himself at the head of the people, 
who had assembled with the ostensible object of a foray against the Indians. The governor, by advice of the legislature, 
issued a proclamation of rebellion against them, and so exasperated the leaders of the expedition as to direct its object 
from hostilities against the Indians to war against the government. They marclied to Jamestown, and after dispersing 
892 



VIR 



WAB 



the assembly, Bacon called a convention, and assumed the reins of government. Civil war with all its horrors now en- • 
sued. Jamestown was burnt, and the colony given up to pillage. After several months" bloodshed and confusion, I!acon 
died sud.lenly, and for want of a leader his party dispersed. It was long, however, before prosperity revived in tlie 
colony. Soon after Ihi-se events, Berkeley relumed to England, and was succeeded by Lord Culpepper, who brought 
with him several bills drawn up by the ministry of Englanil, to whioh he required the assent of the legislature, on pain 
of being treated as rebels. The object of these acts was the increase of his emoluraenls. Daring the reigns of Charles IL 
and .James the colony suffered much, and rejoiced greatly in the change of government that drove the Stuarts from the 
throne. Tlie Kevolution, indeed, brought to Virginia internal tramiuillily. and a long sucees-nion of prosperous years 
Nothing occurred to interrupt its growth in wealth and power. In n:i2, she gave birth to the most illustrious of her sons, 
the great statesman and warrior, who was destined aflenvard to achieve and consolidate the inilependence of all the 
colonie.s. During the war between France and England, prior to 17M, her local situation e.xempted her from hostilities. 
From 17.54 to 1753. when the French began to put in operation their scheme to unite Canada and Louisiana, the frontiers 
of Vir<»iTiia were harassed by incursions of French and Inilian parties; to repel which a regiment was raised, in which 
Washington first distinguished himself. On the conelusicm of peace, when the British attempted to raise a revenue 
within the colonies, the statesmen of Virginia were among Iho Urst to raise the voice of opposition. The eloquence and 
talents of her orators contributed greatly to excite public feeling on this occasion. The services and sulfi^rings of Virginia 
in the war of the Revolution were at least as great as those of any other Stale, and in Virginia the last important measure 
of the war took place, in the surrender of Cornwallis. Since the peace of 1783, Virginia ha.s retained an elevated rank 
in the family of States. Fruitful of illustrious men, that State has given seven presidents to the Union. During the war 
of 131i. her citizens displayed great patriotism in opposing the common enemy, and her maritime frontier suffered 
severely from predatory incursions. Within the last few years the progress of the State in population and malerial 
grealnt'ss has been woiiderfully rapid ; and her territory beyond the mountains-a wilderness to the l:ist g,-neratioii. has 
become equal to the old settlements in all that constitutes national wealth. In 1350 the c.institutiim of the State was a.l- 
Justed to its present condition and circnmslances. 

ElcnjloND, on the bank of James Kiver, 130 miles above its entrance into Chesapeake Bay, is the polilical capital of 
the State. 

ViKOisiA, p. v., Cass CO., Ill : 33 m.W. by N. Springfield. \V . 

This v. was formerly the capital of the county, now re- 
moved to Beardstown, but conlimies to be a thriving place. 
Pop. about 300. 

ViKGisiA Geove, p. o., LouLsa co., la, : 3.3 m. 8. S. E. 
Iowa City. 

Virginia Mills, p. o., Buckingham co., Tliy. : about 
2 m. S. James r., 51 m. W. by N. Kichmond. 

ViRiiisiA Mines, p. o., Franklin co.. Mo.: on W. side of 
Maramec r.. TO m. E. by S. Jefferson City. 

VlKOINS^^LLE, p. v., Berks county, Pemi. : 69 m. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Visclimt's Feeet, p. o., Saratoga CO., iK K ; 15 m. N. by W. 
Albany. 

Vista, p. o.. Weslchcster Co., JV: r. .• 90 m. S. by E. Albany. 

Vlaif, marsh, Fulton co., JV. I'. .■ in the E. part of the 
county, is annually overflowed by the surplus waters of the 
Sacandaga r. and other streams. This is a place of much 
resort by sportsmen, on account of the abundance of game, 
for which it is famous. 

VoQASsviLLE, p. o., Lancaster CO., Penn. : 40 m. E. S. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Volcano, p. a, Calaveras Co., Ciil!/. : at head-wafers of 
Jackson cr., in extreme E. part of the co., 78 m. W. Vallejo. 
The gold-mines of the vicinity are among the richest in the 
State, anil quartz-mining here, more than elsewhere, has 
been successfully engaged in. 

VoLiNiA. t. and p. o., Cass Co., Jflch. : 85 m. B.W. Lansing. 
The inhaliilants are generally engaged in farming. Pop. in 
1840.411; in 1850. CO". 

Voi-NKv, p. o., Logan eo.,.ffi/. ; 144 m. S.W. Frankfort. 

VoLXEV, t. and p. o., Oswego co., A\ )'. ; on E. side of 
Oswego r.. 144 m.W. N. W. Albany. Surface undulating; 
8oU sandy loam. Drained by Big Black cr. The L con- 
tains several saw-mills, and has some manufactures. Pop. 
of t. with Fulton, 5,810. 

VoLlrNTOWN, L and p. T.,Windham county. Conn, : 4C m. 
E. S. E. Hartford. Surface uneven. Drained W. liy Pa- 
chaug r. The t. contains 2 cotton factories, a few stores, 
and 2 churches. Pop. 1,064. 

Voi.rsiA, p. o., Chautauque Co., N. T. : SOT m. W. by S. 
Albany. 

Voi.i'STA, p. v.. Orange co., Flor. : on E. side of St. .Tohn's 
river, between lakes George and Dexter. 190 m. E. S. E. 
Tallahassee. It was formerly occupied as a military post. 

Vlt. OE l.'EAr. p. 0., Bristol co., J/i:*?. 



Wabash county, Dl. Situate E. toward the 9., and con- 
tains 19S sc]. m. Drained by Jordan, Coffee, and Crawfish 
creeks. Surface undulating; a large portion is prairie. 
Soil fertile, and produces fine crops of wheat and grain. It 
fattens large numbers of catlle and hogs, which are annually 
exported. Pine limber abounds. The Wabash r. bounds 
the CO. on the S. and E. Farms 533 ; nianuf. 9 ; dwell. 808, 
and pop.— wh. 4,640, fr. col. 5i)— total 4,690. CapiUd : 
Mount Carmel. 

Wabasu county, //If'. Situate N. middle, and conlains 
420 sq. m. Wabash and Eel rivers, with llieir tributaries, 
drain this county. Nowhere hilly, the greatest portion is 
rolling or undulating, but there are also extensive level 
tracts anil bottoms. Timber abundant, and the soil is every- 
where rich and producli'-e. Corn and hogs are the great 
staples. Farms 1,008 ; maiiuf. 67 ; dwell. 2,079, and pop.— 
wh. 12.124, fr. col. 14— total 12,13S. Capitol: Wabash. 
Piildic Khi-a-s : the Wabash and Erie Canal ; and the I!. E. 
between Fort Wayne and Lafayette. 

Wabash, p. v., .and cap. Wabash county, /»(?.; 72 m- 
N. by E. Indianapolis. It is very pleasantly situated on llie 
N. bank of Wabash r., and is built partly on the fir.sl, and 
partly on the second bottom, elevated about 40 feet above 
the Urst. It cout.ains the court-house, jail, etc., and several 
churches. The '■ Wabash Gazette" (whig) is here piil)- 
lisheil. The Waliasli and Erie Canal passes Ihrougli, 1.55 
m. from Toledo, 312 m. from Evansville. and creates a large 
business. First settled in 1835. Pop. about 1,100. 

WABASn river. lull. : is formed by two creeks rising in 
Mercer and Darke counties, Ohio, and flows in a N. W. 
course into Indiana. In llunlinglon co. it receives Lilllo 
river, and flows W. until it pa.sses Logansport; thence in a 
S. W. course until It reaches Covington ; thence neariy S. 
unlil it reaches Tcrre Haute; after which it forms the 
boundary line between Indiana and Illinois, to ils enlrancc 
into the Ohio r. It is navigable to Lafayette for steam- 
boats, and connects the Ohio r. with Lake Erie by means 
of the Walia.sh and Eric Canal. Ils enlire lenglh is about 
COO in., of which more than 450 m. have been navigalerl hy 
steamboats in high water. 

Wabasiiaw county, .Vmn. Tfi: Occupies nil that vast 
territory extending from 'lie ,Mi«siS5ippi to the Missouri, and 
between the N. boundary of Iowa and the parallel of 44" 
40' N. lat. Drained in the E. by Minnesota and ils Iributa- 

893 



WAB 



WAL 



iries, and in the W. by Tchan-sausan, or Eiviere d. Jaques, 
Sioux r., and other large affluents of the Missouri. The 
surface is elevated, chiefly level, interspersed with numerous 
lakes, and very fertile. Farms S; manaf. 0; dwell. 55, and 
pop.— wh. 24-2, fr. col. 1— UHal 243. Capital: 

WABstPiNECON river, la. {See Wapsipinicon.) 

WACAHooLns, p. o., Marion co. Ind. 

WAcnAMAW river, J^. Car. and S. Car.: rises in Wacca- 
maw lake (N. Car.\ flows W. 8. W., and nearly parallel 
with the coast, to its enl ranee into Winyaw bay. It is about 
100 ni. long, and navigable for steamboats to Conwayboro', 
about 40 m. from its mouth. 

Wachita river. Ark. and La.: the principal N. tribuUiry 
of Ked r., rises in Polkco. (,4/'^.),nnd flows E.,9. E., andS., 
receiving numerous branches. It has a large volume of 
water, and, upon the removal of small obstructions, will be 
easily navigable for small steamboats. 

WAcnnsKTT mountain, Worcester co., Mass. : is an iso- 
lated peak in the N. part of Princeton t., 43 m. W. by N. 
Boston. Its summit is elevated 2.021 feet above Massachu- 
setts bay, and affords a most extensive and delightful 
prospect. 

Wacousta, p. v., Clinton co., 3fich. : on N. bant of 
Look ing-ffi ass r., 9 m. N. "W. Lansing. 

"Waco Village, p. o., Milan county, Tex.: on W. side 
of the Rio Brazos, 99 m. N. N. E. Austin City. 

"Waddam's Grove, t. and p. o., Stephenson county, III.: 
1T4 m. N. Springfleld. Pop. about 450. 

WAnpTNGTON, p. v., St. Lawrencc co.. If. K .* on S. E. 
side of St, Lawrence r., 168 m. N. N. W. Albany. Incor- 
porated in 1S39. It contains various mills and manufactur- 
ing establishments, and is connected by a bridge with Og- 
den's island, lying opposite. Pop. about 650. 

"Wapeboro', p. o., Livingston par., La. 

Wade's, p. o., Bedford county, Virff.: 105 m. W. by S. 
Eichmond. 

Wadesboro', p. v., and cap. Callaway co., A'//- ■' about 2 m. 
"W. Clark's r, 286 m. S. W. by W. Frankfort. It contains the 
county buildings. Pop. about 200. 

■WAi>E«Bor.o', p. v., and cap. Anson co., 2f. Car.: 80 ra. 
S.W. by W. Kaleigh. It contains a court-house, jail, stores, 
etc., and 1 bank, capital *2ti0,000. The "North Carolina 
Argus" (whig) is issued weekly, and the " Cadet of Temper- 
ance" semi-monthly. Pop, about 650, 

Wadestown, p. 0., Monongalia co., Virg. : 203 m. N. W. 
Piiehmond. 

■Wadrsville, p. V. and sta., Clark co., Virg.: on "Win- 
chester and Potomac R. i;..23 m. from Harper's Ferry, 9 m. 
from Winchester, 109 m. N. by W. Eichmond. 

Waduam's MiLi^, p. o., Essex co., 2f. Y.: 102 m. N. 
Afl>any. 

Wading River, p. v., Suffolk co., A''. T. : on small inlet 
of same name, 131 m. S, S. E. Albany. 

Wadsworth, t. and p. v., Medina co., Ohio: 94 m. N. E. 
Columbus. Drained by N. branch of Chippewa r. Inter- 
ests of t. are chiefly agricnlliiml. but has some manufac- 
tures, with several mill?. Pup. of 1. 1,62"2. 

Wadswobth's. sta.. Norfolk county, Mas3.: on Norfolk 
County K. R., SO in. IVom Boston, 

"Waggoner's Ripple, p. o., Adams county, 07ti^: 75 m. 
S. by W. Columbus. 

"Wagostown, p. v., Chester ci)., Penn.: 60 m. E. S. E. 
Harrisburg. Here is located a charcoal forge, which in 
1S49 m;ide 300 tons of blcwms, and a rolling mill, with an- 
nual capacity of 400 tons. 

Wag HAM, p. 0., Accoraac county, Virff. : 97 m. E. by N, 
Richmond. 

W^AHKon county, Ta. Situate W., and contains 770 sq. m. 
Drained by Little Sioux r. and branches. Surface in gen- 
eral undulating; soil fertile, and adapted to wheat and 
grain. Set otT since 1&50, 

Waiinahta county, Mhin. Ter. Extends from the Mis- 
sissippi to the Missouri, and between 45° 25' and 46*3 20' N. 
894 



lat., and is drained centrally by the Miimesota and a Jaques 
rivers, and E. and W. by rivers flowing to the border rivers. 
Surface elevated, and generally level, interspersed with 
thousands of lakes, and covered in many parts with valu- 
able timber. The Minnesota and Red rivers of the north 
have their rise in two adjoining lakes, separated only by a 
short portage. Farms — ; manuf. — ; dwell. 26, and pop. 
— wh. 160, fr. 0— total 160. Capital: 

Waholock, p. o., Kemper co., Jfiss.: 110 m. E. N. E. 
Jackson. 

WAnsATcn mountains, Uta7i T^r. .* extends across the 
territory in S. S. W. direction from the Green river range 
of the Rocky Mountains, to the Sierra Nevada range of 
California. 

Waits, p. o., Washington county, Me. : 126 ra. E. N. E. 
Augusta. Pop. of Waite Plantation, SI. 

W^AiTEFiELD, t. and p v., Washington co.. Verm. : 11 m. 
S.W. Montpelier. Drained by Mud r. and branches, which 
furnish water-power to grist and saw mills, etc. The in- 
habitants are chiefly engaged in farming. Pop. of t. 1,021. 

Wait's river, Verm^ : flows through N. E. part of Orange 
CO. into the Connecticut, and with its branches, afl'ords great 
water-power. 

Wait's Corners, sta., "Washington co., AT. Y. : on Ent- 
land and Washington E. E., 25 m. from Troy, 59 m. from 
Rutland. 

WAKA6A6SA, p. o., Levy CO., Flor. : on "Wakasassa river, 
114 m. S. E. by E. Taliahassee. 

Wakasassa bay, I'^tor. : bounds Levy co. on the S. W. ; 
it receives several rivers, and contains a number of 
islands. 

Wakatomica, p. 0., Coshocton co., Ohio: 49 m. E. N. E. 
Columbus. 

Wake county, K. Car. Situate centrally, and contains 
1,01S sq. m. Drained by Neuse r. and its branches. Sur- 
face even ; soil various, but in general very fertile. Chief 
productions, cott^m, tot»acco, wheat, and grain. Farms 
1,410 ; manuf. 56 ; dwell. 2,844, and pop.— wh, 14.177, fr. col. 
1.301, si. 9,409— total 24,887. Capital: Ealeigh. PuUic 
^forK■s: North Carolina Central E. E.; Gaston and Eal- 
eigh E. R. 

Wakefield, p. v., Carroll coimty, Md. : 60 rc. N. N. W. 
Annapolis. 

Wakefield, t and p. v., Carroll co., A'l ITamp.: 32 m. 
N. E. Concord. This is a pleasant t, with good soil, and 
possessing water-power. It contains 3 large ponds, of which 
Lovewell's Pond, in the S. pari, is celebrated as the scene 
of a batUe with the Indians in 1725. Pop. of 1. 1,405. 

Wakefield, p. v., Wake co., X. Car.: IS m. E. N. E. 
Raleigh. 

Wakefteld, p. v., Waahimrton co.. 7?. 7. .• 11 ra.W. S. W. 
Newport. It contains a chnrch, a factory of satinets and 
jeans, and one bank, capital $100,000. 

Wake Forest, v.. Wake co., 2f. Car. : on Gaston and 
Ealeigh E. R.. 17 m. N. Raleigh. Ilere is located Wake 
Forest College, a Baptist inslitutinn. foun<ied in 1S8S. which 
in 1S50 hail 3 professors and 24 students, with 4,7oti vols, in 
library. 

Wakeman, t., p. o., and sta.. Huron co., Ohio: 89 m, 
N. N. E. Columbus. The Toledo, Norwnlk, and Cleveland ■ 
E. E. passes through, 69 m. from Toledo, 43 m. from Cleve- 
land. The L has fertile soil, and is drained N. by Vermil- 
lion r., flowing through it centrally. It contains flouring, 
saw. an<l grist mills; also woolen factories. Pop. 7n4. 

Wakulla county, J^/^>r. Situate N., and contains 492 
sq. m. Drained by branches of Ockatockany r. Surface 
level ; soil fertile, and productive in a high degree. Chief 
products, cotton, sugar, rice, wheat, Indian corn, and fruits 
of all kinds. Farms 100; manuf 5; dwell. 227, and pop. — 
wh. 1,1 M, fr. col.l,5l. 790— total 1,955. Capital: Newport. 

Walcott, p. o., Greene co., ArJt.: 126 m. N. E. Liitle 
Eock. 

Walden, p. v., Orange co., N. Y. : on E. side of Walkill 



WAL 



WAL 



r.'^ 80 m. S. by Vf. Albany. It contains several woolen lao 
toriea and mills. Pop. about 440. 

Walden, L and p. v., Caledonia co., Vi^nn, : 21 ra. N. E. 
Montpclier. Surfnce elevated and rough. Drained by head 
branches of Laniciille rivt-r. Pop, of t 910. 

Walden's Ckeek, p. o., Sevier co., Temi. : ISO m. E. by 
S. Nashville. 

■Waldensvillb, p. 0., Schoharie county, K T. : 25 m. "W. 
All 'any. 

Waldo ooiinty, 3ff-. Situate S., and contains 981 sq. m. 
Drained by Marsh and St. George rivers, and tributaries of 
S^bastieook river. Surface undulating and diversified, with 
numerous lakes and streams of running water, the latter 
supplying line water-power; soil fertile, and favorable to 
the growth nf wheat and grain, and other agricultural pro- 
ductions. On the E., the Penobscot stretches out into a 
broad expanse of water, forming a nnble bay, and affords, 
by means of the nutny exeelleriMiarbors on the line ot coast, 
facilities for navigation and the fisheries, that can not at all 
times be commanded. It is well wooded, and has large 
beds of excellent limestone, great quantities of which are 
exported. Farms 4.415; mauuf.S47; dwell. 7,tJ'U,and pop. 
— wh. 47,191, fr. col. 89— total 47,230. Capital: Belfast. 

Waldo, t. and p. v., Waldo co., Jfe. : 37 m. E. by N. Au- 
gusta. Drained by small streams flowing into Belfast bay, 
ftiriii!*hing good water-power. P«>p. of I. S12. 

Waudo, p. o., Delaware county, Ohio: on W. branch of 
WbetsUine r., 33 m. N. by W. Columbus. 

Waldo, p.o., Wright co., Mo.: 97 m. S. by W. Jefferson 
City. 

Waldoboro', t., p. v., and port of entry, Lincoln co., Me. : 
on Museongus r. The v. has considerable ship-building 
and navigation. The total tonnage of Waldoboro* district 
on June 30th, 1S50, was 96,330 tons. The registered tonnage 
amounted to 3S,4S3 tons, consisting of 30,612 tons permanent, 
and 7,S71 tons temporary. The enrolled and licensed ton- 
nage amounted to 57,S47 tons, consisting of 56.094 tons en- 
rolled, and licensed, and permanent, of which 51,S32 tons 
were in the coasting trade, 3.7IS tons in the cod fishery, and 
544 tons in the mackt-rel fishery, and 1,753 tons "licensed 
under 20 tons,'' of which 2^Z tons were in the coasting trade, 
ac'l 1.470 tons in the cod fishery. The foreign commerce 
during the year preceding consisted of 18 clearances— 2,54S 
tons, and 6 entrances — 192 tons. Vessels built during the 
year 71 — 32 ships, 17 brigs, 22 schooners — 23,632 tons. Pop. 
of t in 1S40, 3.6G1 ; in 1S50, 4,199. 

Waldros, p. o., Scott CO., Ark. : 96 m. W. by N. LitUe 
Eoeiv. 

WALDwion t. and p. o., Iowa co., Wise: 30 m. S. W. by 
W. Madison. Pop. 423. 

Wales, t. and p. v., Kennebec co., Me.: IS m. S. W. Au- 
gusta. Pop. of t. 612. 

Wales, p. t.. Hampden CO., Mass.: 63 m. W. S. W. Bos- 
ton. Drained Ijy a head stream of Quinnebaug r. and ntlier 
small creeks. The v. contains 2 churches and 2 factories, 
making principally satinets, and employing 50 operatives. 
Pop. of t.711. 

Wales, p. o.. Ogle co., lU. : 156 m. N. by E. Springfield. 

Wales, t. and p. v., Erie co., X. Y. : 'MS m. W. Albany. 
Surface undulating; soil fertile Inam. Drained N. W. by 
Seneca cr. The inhabiianls are generally engaged in farm- 
ing, etc. Pop. of u 2,124. 

Wales, L and p. o., St. Ciair co., Jfich. : 9S m. E. by N. 
Lansing. Pop. 189. 

Wales Cestbe, p. c, Erie county, A^ T. : 250 miles W. 
Albany. 

AValeska, p. 0., Floyd county, (?«. ; 150 m. N. W. by W. 
MilledgeviUc. 

Walisvillk, p. v., Oneida co., ^\ Y.: 90 m. W. N. W. 
Albany. It contains several paper and other mills. 

Waluonding, p. v., Coshocton co.. (Miio : on the Wal- 
honding Canai and river, 50 m. N. E. by E. Columbus. 

Waluo.ndi.no river, Ohio: is formed in the N. W. part 



of Holmes county, by the confluence of Jluddy and Black 
forks, thence fliiwa S. and E., and at Coshocton unites 
with the Tuscarawas r., forming Muskingum r. 

Walker county.^;*/. Situate toward the N., and con- 
tains 1,6S7 sq. m. Drained by Mulberry fork of Black War- 
rior r. and its branches, Sipsey r. and Blackwater and Lost 
creeks. Surface uneven and broken, in parts hilly ; soil (er- 
tile, and on llie streams are some level bottom-lands adapted 
t<"> cotton, the staple production. Coal is abundant, it is 
well timbered, and interspersed with numerous streams of 
clear running water. Farms 9tJ9; mariuf. 11; dwell. 799, 
and pop.— wh. 4,S57, fr. col. 1, si. 266— total 5,124. Capital : 
Jasper. 

Walker county, Ga. Situate N. W.. and contains 645 
sq. ni. Chatooga r. drains it in the S., and Chickamanga in 
the N., flowing into Tennessee r. Surface varied, \u general 
it is hilly, with broad fertile valleys interspersed ; soil fertile, 
and produces fine crops of wheat and grain. Good limber 
is on the land. Abtjut 12 miles N. of the t". H. is Crawfish 
Spring, which at its source atTords sufilrienl n^att-r to fioat a 
small vessel, and at about .Mt yardsdisianl a large steamboat. 
Farms 600; manuf. 1; dwell. 1,S(;7. auil pop.— wh. 11.409, 
fr. col. 37, si. 1,664— total 13,lo9. Capita/: Lafayette J'uh- 
lie Works: Western and Atlantic K. It. 

Waleer county, Ihr. Situate lowanl the S.,and contains 
1,042 sq. m. Drained by head branrhes of S.an Jacinto r., 
and affluents of Trinity r., which fluws on its N. E. border. 
Surface hilly and broken ; in the S. are some bottom lands, 
the soil of which is generally a black mold, and very fertile. 
A large portion is prairie, the soil a<laptLMl to grazing. It is 
well woodeii, and is inti-rsp»rsed with stnams of t-le;ir and 
wholesome water. Iron ore and limestone have been found, 
and in the E. is a valuable salt-walt-r s[»ring. Farms 2^54; 
manuf. ; dwell. 47S, and pop.— w 11.2,66^3, fr. col. 0, si. 1,301 
—total 3.964. Capital: Hunlsville. 

Walker, t. and p. v., Centre co., Penu.: 60 m. N. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Walker lake, Millard co., Utah Ter. : i^^S m. W. Fillmore 
City. It lies at the base of the Sierra Nevada range, is 30 
m. long, 7 m. wide, and receives Walker river. 

Walker's, p. o., M'Donough co., lit. ; on S. side Turkey 
cr., 04 m. N. W. by W. Springfield. 

Walker's, p. o., Crittenden co., Ay. .* 194 ni. W. S. W. 
Frankf.irU 

Walker's sta., Strafford co., A' ITarDp. : on Coeheco K, P., 
14 m. from Dover. 

Walker's, p. o., Colleton dist., S. Car.: SO m. S. by E. 
Columbia. 

Walkee'8 Cnunrn, p. o., Appomattox co., Yirg.: 55 m. 
W. S. W. Uichmond. 

Walker's Ghove, p. o., Fulton co., III. : 2S m. N. N. W. 
Springfiebl. 

Walker's Mills, p. o., Alleghany co., Penn. : 16S m. W. 
Harris burg. 

Walker's Neck, p. o.. Brown co., III. : 65 m. W. by X. 
Springfifld. 

Walkkksville, p. v., Frederick c<>., Md.: 70 m. N. W. 
Annapolis. 

Walkersshlle, p. v., Union county, A'. Car.: 114 m. 
W. S. W. Ilaleigh. 

Walkerto-v, p. v., King and Queen co., Tirg. : 80 m, 
N. E. Richmond. 

Walkertown, p. o., Forsyth co., X. Car. : 95 m. W. by N. 
Ealeigli. 

Walkervillf, p. o., Lycoming county, Penyt. : 62 m. X. 
Harrisburg. 

W ALLAHOLT bav, Al >'. ." Hcs between the cities of Brook- 
lyn and Williamsburg. II is about one m. long, and three- 
fifths m. wide. On its S. W. side is tlie V. S. Navy Yard, 
covering some 40 acres, with the greatest dry dock i[i the 
Union. In the vicinity is the tomb, rontaining the remains 
of 11,000 Americans, who died on board the British prison 
ships moored in this bay during the Kevolulion. 

895 



WAL 

WALnrE, p. o., Jones counly, Ga. : 16 miles S. W. 
Mil!e.lj;.'ville. 

Wai.i.ace. p. 0., Fountain co., Iiid.: 62 m. N. Vf. by W- 
IndiiUKip-'lis. 

Waiiace, p. o., Iowa county, WUc. ; 49 miles W. by N. 
Matlis'in. 
Wallace, p. o., Chester CO., Penn. 
■Walla. E Ckeek, p. o., ImVpfnilonco CO., Arl:: on W. 
Bide •■r Wliile r., 73 m. N. N. E. Little Uock. 

Wallace's, sta., Steuben CO., jK y. : on Buffalo, Corning^ 
and New Vorli E. K.. .31 m. from Corning. 

Wallace's Cross Eoads, p. o., Anderson coimly, Tenn. : 
144 m. E. Nashville. 

WALLACEvn-LE, p. 0., Vcnsngo county, Pmn. : 16S miles 
W. N. W. Harrisburg. 

Wallawalla river, Oreff. Tfr. : rises in the Blue 
mountains. Hows N., then W., and empties into Columbia r. 
near Ftirt Walla'ivalla. 

Walloen's Eidqe, p. 0., Marion co., Tenn,: 90 m. S. E. 
Nashville. 

Walled Lake. p. o., Oakland Co., Mich.: 54 m. E. by 8. 
Lansing. 
Waller, p. o.. Boss co., Oldo : 45 m. S. Columbus. 
Wallixgfoed, t., p. v., and sta., New Haven eo., Cann. : 
23 miles S. S. W. Hartford. Sirface plcas»ntly diversitled, 
Willi good soil. Drained by Quinnipiac r., which furnishes 
water-power. The v. at the centre is plcisanlly situated 
and neatly built, and contains .3 churches. A Utile W. of 
the V. is the sta. on the New Haven, Hartford, and Spriug- 
fleld U. U., 12 m. from New Haven, 24 m. (i-om Hartford. 
Pop. of t. 2.639. 

Wallixofokd, p. 0., Will county, lU.: 138 miles N. E. 
Springfield. 

WALLixoFOP.n, t.. p. v., and sta., Kutland counly, Verm. : 
59 m. S. S. W. Monlpelier. Surface uneven and mountain- 
nns. Drained on the W. by Otter creek, and by its branch. 
Mill river, on the E., which rises in Hiram's Pond in the S. 
part, covering 850 acres. There are other ponds in Iho t., 
which are very handsome, and abound with flsh. Lime- 
stone and excellent marble is abundaiiL The v. in the N. 
part, near Oiler creek, is very pleasant, and surrounded by 
beautifid scenery. The Western Yeriimnt K. R. passes 
through it, 9 m. from F.utland, 42 m. from N. Bennington, 
74 m. from Troy. Pop. of t 1,6SS. 

Waliing'8 Febky, p. 0., Kusk county, T<!x. : 226 m. N. E. 
Austin Oily. 

Wallkill river. K Jer. and N. Y. : rises in 8. E. part of 
Sussex counly, New Jersey, flows N. N. E. through Orange 
and risler counties, New York, and emplics into Uondout- 
kill, 7 m. from the entrance of that stream into the Hudson. 
It furnishes great water-power. 

W'ali-osia, p. v., Trigg county, Ky.: on small branch of 
Cnmberland r,, ISO m. S. W. by W. Frankfort 

Walloomsac, sta., Rensselaer co., K. Y. : on Troy and 
Bennington E. K., 28 miles from Troy, 4 miles from North 
Bennington. 

Walloostook river. Me. : is the main branch of the St. 
John's r. ; rising in Somerset CO., it flows in general N. N. E. 
course, Ibrougli Aroostook county, to its confluence with St. 
Francis r., at the N. boundary of the State. 

Wallsville, p. 0., Luzerne CO., Pemi. : 105 m. N. E. by 
N. Harrisburg. 

Walnfokd, p. 0., Monmouth co., 2^. Jer. : 12 m. E. S. E. 
Trenton. 

Walnut, p. o., Juniata counly, Penn. : 85 miles N. W. 
Harrisl)urg. 
Walxut, p. o., Jefferson county, la. : 4S m. S. W. by S. 

Iowa City. 
Walxct Besd, p. 0., Phillips co.. Ark.: 94 m. E. Little 

Eock. 

Walnut Bottom, p. o., Cumberland CO., Penn. 

Walnut Camp, p. c, Poinsett CO., Ark. : 96 m. E. N. E. 
Little Rock. 
896 



WAL- ^__ 

Walnut Cove, p. o.. Stoke co., JV. Car. : 108 m. W. N.W. 
Ealeigh. 

Walnut Creek, p. o., Claiborne par.. La. : 190 m. N. W. 
by N. Baton Eouge. 

Walnut Ckeek, p. o.. Grant co., Ind.: 55 m. N. N. E. 
Indianapolis. 

Walnut Creek, t. and p. o.. Holmes co., O'lio: 74 m. 
N. E. by E. Columbus. Drained by cr. of same name, a 
branch of Tuscarawas r. Pop. 1,077. 

Walnut Creek, p. o.. Buncombe co., Jf. Car. : 216 m. W- 
Ealeigh. 

Walnut Flat, p. o., Lincoln co., Sy. : on a branch of 
Dick's r., 48 m. S. S. E. Frankfort. 

Walnut Forest, p. o., Greene co.. Mo. : 105 m. S. 8. W. 
Jefferson City. 

Walnut Fork, p. o., Newton co.. Art. : 95 ra. N.W. by N. 
Littie Eock. 

Walnut Fork, p. o., Jones co., la.: 26 m. N. E. by N. 
Iowa City. 

Walnut Grove, p. o., Blount co., Ala. : 112 m. N. by W. 
Montgomery. 

Walnut Grove, p. o., Knox CO., HI. : 91 m. N. by W. 
Springfield. 

Walnut Grove, p. o., Scott CO., Ta. : on S. side Wapsl- 
pinicon r., 42 m. E. Iowa City. 

Walnut Gbove, p. o., Morris CO., X. Jer. : 41 m. N. by E. 
Trenton. 

Walnut Gkove, p. 0., Orange CO., X. Car. : 39 m. N. W. 
Ealeigh. 

Walnut Grove, p. o., Overton co., Tenn. : SO m. E. by N. 
Nashville. 

Walnut Grove, p. o., Spartanburg dist., 5. Car. : 62 m. 
N. W. Columbia. 

Walnut Grove, p. o., Walton county, Ga. : 62 miles 
N. W. by W. Milledgeville. 

Walnut Grove, p. o., Kanawha co., Virg. : 225 m. 
W. N. W. Richmond. 

Walnut Hill, p. o., La Fayette county. Art. : 185 m. 
S. W. by S. Little Rock. 

Walnut Hill, p. o., Franklin county, Oa. : 93 m. N. 
Milledgeville. 

Walnut Hill, p. o., Panola coiinly, Tex. : 247 m. N. E. 
Austin City. 

WALNtrr Hill, p. c, Marion co.. III. : 95 m. S. by E. 
Springfield. 

Walnut Hill, p. c, Buchanan county. Mo. : 160 m. 
N. W. by W. Jefferson City. 

Walnut Him P- <>■. !*<' <">■< Yi'V-- 333 m. W. by S. 
Richmond. 

Walnut Hill, p. o., Rapides par.. La. : 102 m. N. W. 
liy W. Baton Eouge. 

Walnut Hill, p. o., Fayette CO., Kt/.: 27 m. E. S. E. 
FranktbrU 

Walnut Hill, p. o., Hamilton county, Ohio: 86 m. 
S. W. by W. Columbus. 

Walnut Lani, p. o., Surry co., iK Car. : 124 m. W. N.W. 
Ealeigh. 

Walnut Peak, p. o., Tishemingo co.. Miss. : 195 m. 
N. E. by N. Jackson. 

Walnut Post, p. o., Lauderdale co., Tenn. : 153 m. 
W. by S. Nashville. 

Walnut Eidoe, p. o., Phillips CO., Art. : S4 m. E. 
Little Eock. 

Walnut Springs, p. o., Greene co., Wise: 81 m. S. W. 
Madison. 

Walnttt Valley, p. o., Madison co., Jy. .' 48 m. 8. E. 
Frankfort 

Walnut Valley, p. o., Eock Island county, /U. : 120 m. 
N. N. W. Springfield. 

Walnut Valley, p. o., Marion co., Tenn. : 86 m. S. E. 
Nashville. 

Walnut Valley, p. o., Warren co., Jf. Jer. : on N. side 
Paulin's kill, 62 m. N. by W. Trenton. 



WAL 



WAR 



"Walpole, t., p. v., and sta., Norfolli co., Mass.: IS m. 
S. "W. by S. Boston. Surface uneven. Drained by Nopon- 
set r. and branohes, which furnish water-power to several 
factories of woolen and cnttnn goods. Tlie town contains 
several pU-aaant villages. The Norfolk Co. K. li. passes 
through Walpole v., IS ru. from Boston. Pop. of 1. 1,929. 

"Walpole, t.. p. v., and sta., Cheshire county, X. I/mnj).: 
41 m. W. y. \V. Concord. Connecticut r. bounds it on the 
W. Surface Iieautifully diversified. The v. ia very pleas- 
antly situated in S. E. part of the t., on an elevated plain at 
the foot of Fall Mountain, which is 750 feet above the Con- 
necticut r. The t, contains several woolen factories, tanne- 
ries, grist and saw mills. The Cheshire K. K. nina along 
tlie bank of tlie Connecticut, having stations at "Walpole v. 
anti Cold river ; the former is 69 m. from Fitchburg. Pop. 
of t. 2,034. 

"Walpolk East, p. o., Norfolk co., Mass. : 19 m. W. S. "W. 
Eos Ion. 

"Walser's Mill, p. o., Davidson co., X. Car. ; 97 m. W. 
Raleigh. 

Waltekboro', p. v., and cap. Colleton dist., S- Car. : 94 ni. 
S. by E. Columbia. It contains the county buildings, etc. 
Pop. about 300. 

■\Valtuam, t., p. v., and sta., Middlesex co., Mass.: 8 m. 
W. N. "W. Roston. Surface generally level; drained by 
Charles river, which affords water-power to several factories. 
The principal v. is pleasantly situated, and is very neatly 
buUt with many elegant dwellings, surrounded by fine gar- 
dens. Many of the inhabitants trans&ct their daily business 
in Boston, with which it is connected by Fitchburg R. R. It 
contains several handsome churches, a lyceum, and 1 bask, 
capital $100,000. Prospect Hill, N. W. of the v., elevated 
4S3 feet above the level of the sea, affords delightful pros- 
pects of the vicinity, and Boston city and harbor, etc. Pop. 
in 1S40, 2,504 ; in 1S50, 4,4G4. 

"Walthoueville, p. 0., Liberty county, Ga. : 134 m. S. E. 
Milledgeville. 

■\V ALTOS county, Flor. Situate W., and contains 1,157 
sq. m. Drained by Yellow and Shoal rivers, with White 
and Alequa creeks. Surface generally level; soil varied in 
the N., being fertile and more productive than in the other 
parts of the co. Chief products cotton, sugar, and Indian 
corn. Choctawhachie bay bounds it on the S. Farms IGl ; 
manuf. ; dwell. ISo, and pop.— wh. 1,037, fr. col. 6, si. 33G— 
total 1,379. Capital: Uchee Anna. 

"Walton county, Ga. Situate N. centrally, and conUiins 
354 sq. m. Drained by head branches of Oconee and Oc- , 
mulgee rivers. Surface undulating; soil fertile, and is a 
deep mold, with clay intermixed ; it is well adapted to cot^ 
ton, which is one of the principal productions of the county. 
Farms S64; manuf. 56; dwell. 1,191, and pop.— wh. G,S90, 
fr. col. 16, 6l. g,9fi9— total 10,821. Capital: Monroe. 
Public Works: Georgia R. R. 
Walton, p. o., Booue co., Ay. ; 53 m. N- by E. Frankfort. 
"Walton, t. and p. v., Delaware co., iVI }' .- 73 m. S. "W. 
by W. Albany. Drained by W. branch of Delaware r. and 
its affluents. Surface hilly ; aoi/ best adapted to grazing. 
The v. on Delaware river contains several mills, 2 churches, 
and about 400 inhabitants. Pop. of t, 2,271. 

"Walton, p. o., Kanawha co., Viri/. : 218 m. TV. N. W. 
Richmond. 

Walton, p. o., Newberry district, S. Car. : 40 ra. N. W. 
Columbia. 

Waltonham, p. v., St, Louis co.. Mo, : 102 m. E. by N. 
JefftTSon City. 

Walton's Ford, p. o., Habersham co., Ga.: 105 m. N. 
Milledgeville. 

"Walwobth county, Wise. Situate S. E., and contains 
676 sq. m. Drained in the W. portion by Turtle cr. and its 
atfluentfl, and in the E. by Fox r. and its branches. Surface 
level and diversified, with numerous lakes, the principal 
being Geneva an<l Duck lakes; soil fertile, and adapted to 
wheat and grain. It is well limbered, and has some fine 

P. 5 



prairio land. Farms 1,884; manuf. 91; dwell. 8,112, and 
pop.— wh. 17,859, fr. co|. 3— total IT.SGl. Capita/: Elk- 
horn. PuhUc Worl-x : Chicago and Wisconsin R. R. ; 
Milwaukie and Misaissipjii K. R. ; Racine and Janesville 
Plank-road, etc. 

Walworth, L and p. v., Wayne co.^ K T.: 168 m. W. 
by N. Albany. Surface undulating ; soil fertile, gravelly 
loam. Dr.dned by streams "flowing into L-iko Ontarif>. 
The v. contains several stores, 2 churches, and about ISO 
inhabitants. Pop. of t. 1,9S1. 

Walworth, t. and p. o., Walworth co., Wise. : 46 m. S. E. 
Madison. Surface diversified, with excellent land, chiefly 
prairie, but consi<ler:djhr timbi-r, and highly cultivated. 
Part of Geneva lake lic-i on its E. border. Pop. of town in 
1840, 226 ; in 1850, 987. 

Wampmibsio, 8ta., Suffi)lk county, N. Y.: on Dnig Island 
R. R., G4 m. from New York. 

Waju'Sville, p. v. an.l sta., Madison co. K. Y. : 90 m. 
W. by N. Albany. The Syracuse and Utiea R. R. passes 
through, 30 m. from Utica, 23 m. from Syracuao. Pop. 
about 420. 

Wananri river, Minn. Ter. ; a N. tributary of Missouri 
river, which it enters a little below Niobrarah r. It is about 
180 m. long, and flows in direct S. E. course. 

Wanconda, p. o., Lake county, El. : ISO m. N. E. by N. 
Springfield. 

Wapaukonetta, p. v., and cap. Auglaize co., Ohio: on 
S. side of Big Auglaize river, 74 m. N. W. by W. Co'umbus. 
This V. was formerly near the centre of the reservation of 
the Shawnee tribe of Indians, but they have all been re- 
moved West. It contains the county buildings, etc. Popu- 
lation 504. 

Wapello county, la. Situate toward the S. E., and con- 
tains 432 sq. m. Drained by Des Moines river, Mhich flows 
through it from N. W. t»» 8. E., and by W. branch of Skunk 
river. Surface level; soil fertile, and adapted to wheat and 
grain ; it is also favorable to the cultivation of fruits and 
vegetaliles. Farms S2S; manuf. 7; dwell. 1,416, and pop. 
— wh. 8,466, fr. col. 5— total 3,471. Capital: Ottumwa. 
Pahlic Works: Des Moines River Improvements. 

Wapello, p, v., and cap. Louisa county, la. : IJ m. W. 
Iowa r, 36 miles S. E. by S. Iowa City. It occujtics a very 
level but pleasant site on the border of the Wapidlo prairie. 
It is regularly laid out, and contains the court-house, etc. 
The '* Louisa County Times" (indep.) is issued weekly. 
Pop. 937. 

WAPPiNGKr-'s Falls, p. o., Duchess co., J^. Y. : 3 m. W. 
Hudson r., 76 ra. S. Albany. 

Wapsipinicon river, Lt. : flows through N, E. part of the 
State, in nearly direct S. E. course for 180 m., and enters the 
Mississippi 5 m. N. Princeton. 

Waquoit, p. 0., Barnstable co., Mass. : 86 m. S. S. E. 
Boston. 
Wakdbobo', p. o., Warren co.. A' Y.: 64 m. N. Albany. 
Waedensvxlle, p. o., Hardy co., Virg.: 145 m. N. W, 
Richmond. 

WAUDSitoBo', t. and p. v., Windham co.. Verm.: 90 m. 
S. by W. Montpelicr. Surface hilly. Drained by branches 
of West r. Pop. of t. 1,12.'5. 

Ward's Grove, p. o., Jo Daviess county, ///..• ICO m, 
N. by W. Springfield. 

Ware county, Ga. Situate S. E., and contains 1,052 
sq. m. Drained by Santilla r. and its afllucnts, and other 
small streams. Surface level, and much of it is Ii)w and 
subject to submersion; soil fertile, and where fit f »r cultiva- 
tion, is well adapted to cotton and grain. Okefiuoke Swamp 
occupies the whole of the southern portion, and extends 
some distance into Florida; it resembles in wet scxsons an 
Inland sea or large lake, with numennis islands. St. Mary's 
river has its source in this swamp. Farms 339; manuf. 0; 
dwell. 561, and pop.— wh. 8,597, fr. col. 8, si. 288— total 
3,SSS. Capital: Waresboro'. Public ITori^s; Brunswick 
and Florida R. R. 

897 



WAR 



WAR 



Waeb, t and p. v., Hampshire co., Mass. : 61 m.W. by S. i 
Boston. Drained by Ware r. and branches, which by Ihe 
falls at Ware v. affords good waler-powor. The v. has sev- 
eral large factories of cotton and woolen gwHls. The Olis 
Company, manufacturing sheetings, etc., has a capital of 
$450,000. It also contains a bank, capital $200,000. The 
"Yiliage Gazette" (neuU) is published weekly. Top. of t. 
in 1S40, 1,S90 ; in lS5it, 8,7s5. 

Waii Eagle, t. and p. o., Madison Co., Ark.: 129 in. 
N. W. Litlle Eock. It contains several grist-mills and tan- 
neries. Pop. about S50. 

Waekuam, t., p. v., and sta., Plymouth en., Mass. : 45 m. 
S. S. E. Boston. Drained by Awagi»n r. and small streams, 
which afTurd great water-power, and flow into Buzzard's 
bay, bounding the t. on the B. The t. contains several 
pleasant villages. Wareham v., at the head of the bay, has 
a good harbor, admitting vessels of 200 tons to ite wharves. 
ItconUtins a bank, capital $100,000, an institution fur sav- 
ings, and is largely engaged in the manufacture of iron, 
naOfi. etc. The Tremont Iron O.mpany, making railroad 
rails, have a capital of $200,000, and 3 very extensive nail 
fectories employ several hundred operatives. The Cape 
Cod Branch K. R. passes through W. and S.Wareham, and 
and Wareham v. ; the latter 15 m. from Middlehoro', 50 ra. 
from Boston. Population of town iu 1S40, 2,002; in 
1850, 3,1S6. 

■WAHEnousK Point, p. V. and sta., Hartford co.. Conn.: 
on E. side of Connecticut r., and on New Haven, Hartford, 
and Springfield R. R., 12 m. N. from Hartford. It contains 
2 churches, and some large woolen factories. 

Warebboiio', p. v., and cap. Ware co., Ga. : about 3 m. S. 
Bantilla r., 67 m. N. W. by W. Su Mary's, 107 m. S. S. E. 
Milledge villa. It contains the county buildings, etc. 

Waefieldburg, p. v., Carroll co., Md. : 42 m. N. W. by N. 
Annapolis. 

Waefordsbukg, p.v., Fulton co., Petm, : 75 m. S.W. by W. 
Harrisburg. 

Wae Gap, p. o., Hawkins co., Temi. : 204 m. E. by N. 
Nashville. 

War Hill, p. o., Hall county, Ga.. 92 m. N. N. W. 
MiUedgevitle. 

Warminster, p. v.. Nelson co., Virg. : on James River 
Canal, and N. side of James r., 70 m. W. Richmond. 

Warm Sprogs, p. o., Meriwether co.. Go. : 90 m.W. by S. 
Milledgeville. 

Warm Springs, p. v.. Buncombe co., A'". Car. : on S. side 
of French Broad r, 237 m. W. Raleigh. These springs 
have valuable medicinal properties, and are of much resort 
during the summer. 
Warm SeRiNOs, p. v., Bath co.yTirff, (See Bath.) 
Warner, L, p. v., and sta., Merrimac co., JV. I/amp. : 
14 m. W. by N. Concord. Surface uneven. Drained E. by 
Warner r. The v. contains some manufactories and one 
bank, capital $50,000. The Merrimac and Connecticut 
Rivers R. R. passes through it. Pop. of t. 2,038. 

Warner's Landing, p. o.. Bad Ax co., Wise. : on E. bank 
of Mississippi r., 98 m. W. N. W. Madison. 

Wabnerville, p. 0., Schoharie co., N, Y, : 25 m. W. 
Albany. 

Waknerville, p. 0., Livingston co., Mich. : 33 m. E. S. E. 
Lansing. 

Warren county, Ga. Situate E. toward the N., and con- 
tains 436 sq. m. Drained by branches ofOgeechee and Lit- 
tle rivers, and of Brier cr., which runs on its S. E. border. 
Surface undulating; soil fertile, and adapted to cotton and 
other agricultural productions, wheat and grain being pro- 
duced in abundance. It has good pasturage, and fattens 
large numbers of cattle and hogs. Farms 605 ; manuf. 42 ; 
dwell. 1,135, and pop.— wh. 6,10S, fr. col. 149. si. 6.1c8— total 
12,425. Capital: Warrenton. Pahlic Works: Georgia 
R. R. ; and Warrenton Branch R. R. 

Warren county, /H. Situate W. toward the N.. and con- 
tains 510 sq. m. Drained by Henderson's r. and ils afflu- 
898 



ents, and by Ellison's cr. and branches of Spoon r. Surface 
level ; soil fertile ; on the streams are some rich tracts of 
land which are very productive, and yield fine crops of 
wheat and grain, the staple productions of the co. Pork 
and beef are exported. Farms 956; manuf. 42; dwell. 
1.401, and pop.— wh. S,162, fr. col. 14— total 8,176. Capital: 
Monmouth. PuhUc Works : Ceiitfal Military Track R. R, ; 
Peoria and Oquawka R. R. 

Warren county, l7}d. Situate N. W. middle, on the 
Illinois State line, and contains 360 sq. m. Peru, Rock, and 
Red Wood creeks drain the interior; and, except on the 
Wabiish, on which bluffs bound an extensive bottom-land, 
the surface is gently undulating, rising toward the W. 
Woodland and prairie about equally divided. The soil is 
good— in some parts verj' fertile. Live-stock and grain are 
exported. Farms 7S2; manuf. IS; dwell. 1,273, and pop.— 
wh. 7,3S1, fr. col. 6— total 7,3S7. Capital: AVillianisport. 

Wakken county, la. Situate S. centrally, and contains 
432 sq. m. Drained by tributaries of Des Moines r. Sur- 
face undulating; soil consists of a fine deep mold, and is 
very fertile. It is well timbered, and contains good pastur- 
age for cattle. Farms 47 ; manuf. ; dwell. 152, and pop.— 
wh. 960, fr. col. 1— total 961. Capital: In<lian.da. 

Warben county, Ky. Situate S. toward the W., and con- 
tains 546 sq. in. Drained by Big Barren r. and its branch- 
es, which enter Green r. in the N. Surface level ; soil fer- 
tile, and makes excellent pasture land. Chief productions, 
tobacco, wheal, and Indian corn ; fruits and vegetables are 
also produced. Farms 1,145; manuf. .38; dwell. 1,798, and 
pop.— wh. 10.597, fr. cd!. 209. si. 4,317— total 15,123. Capi- 
tal: Bowling Green. Public Works: L<misville and Nash 
ville R. R. 

Warren county, Miss. Situate W., and contains 570 
sq. ra. Drained by Yazoo r. and branches of Big Black r. 
Surface varied ; in the eastern portion the land is much 
broken and hilly ; in the west level, and in parts lying so 
low that it is liable to inundation. Soil very fertile, and in 
some portions exceedingly rich. There is much fine grazing 
land in the county. Chief productions, cotton and Indian 
corn. Of the former is raised upward of 16.000,000 of lbs. 
Farms 435; manuf. 25 ; dwell. 1,230, and pop.— wh. 5,998, 
fr. col. 27, si. 12,fi96— total 18,121. Capit^il : Vicksburg. 
Puhlic Works: Vicksburg, Jackson, and Brandon R. R. 

Waiiken county, Mo. Situate toward Ihe E., and con- 
tains 342 sq. m. Drained by affluents of Missouri r., which 
forms its southern bounilary, and in the northern portion by 
brauclus t^if Cuivre r. Surface diversified ; soil fertile ; the 
bottoni-lamls consist chiefly of a fine black mold, and are 
very productive. Tobacco is the stjiplo, but wheat and 
grain are raised in large crops. It is well timbered. Farms 
744 ; maiuif. 11 ; dwell. 899, and pop.— wh. 4,921, fr. col. 4, 
si. 9:35— total 5,860. Capital: Warnnton. 

Warken eonnty, K. tier. Situate N. W., and contains 414 
sq. m. Drained by Paulinskill, Request, and Pohatcong 
rivers, tributaries of Delaware r.. which forms its western 
boundary. Surface broken and hilly ; soil fertile, and 
adapted to grain. StapleR, wheat, Indian corn, and pota- 
toes. Pine timber abounds. Schooley's Mountain forms 
its S. E. boundary. Farms 1,537 ; manuf. 341 ; dwell. 8,S54, 
and pop.— wh. 21,990, fr. col. 366, si. 2— total 22,353. Cap- 
ital: Relvidere. PithlicWorks: Bclvidero Delaware R.R.; 
Morris Canal, etc 

Warren county, 2^. Y. Situate E. toward the N., and 
rontains 9t2 sq. m. Drainod by Hudson r., Schruon branch 
of [he Iluilson, fiu<l Jessup's cr. Surfiioe generally hilly and 
broken, but in the S. is some level land ; soil in most parts 
barren and unfit for cultivation; there is, however, some 
good land in the level portions, and in Itie valleys, where 
agricultural pursuits are followed, and much corn, oats, etc., 
are proiluoed— these, with wheat and Indian com, make 
the staple articles of couinxTce. This co. is rich in min- 
erals, and c'MilaiiiH some quarries of granite and limestone. 
The Paliucrtown range traverses the E. section, Clinton 



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range the W., and the Kayarlirosseras the centr;il. Lurabor 
is exported iu a large quantily. Farms l,f)05 ; manuf. 12S : 
dwell. 2.976, and pop.— wh. 17,153, fr. col. 46— total 17,199. 
Capital: Caldwell. 

"Waeren county, I^. Car. Situate N. toward the E., and 
contains 439 sq. ra. Drained in the N. l^y lioanoke r. and 
its branches, and in the S. by Fialiing cr. and its branchra. 
Surface aoniewhal elevated and diversified; soil in general 
fertile. Chief productions, tobacco, oittnn, wheat, nnd In- 
dian corn. Farms 543; manuf. 20; dwell. 905, and pitp. — 
wii. 4,604, fr. col. 441, st. S,66T— total 13,912. Capital: 
■Warrentfin. Puhlia Works: Gaston and Kaloigh 11. It.; 
Koanolve Valley R. R. 

Wakrrn county, Penn. Sitnate N. W., aud contains 7S2 
sq. ni. Alleghany river enters it in the N. K., and pusses 
through its central portion, by which and its branches, 
Broken Straw and Conewango creeks, it is drained. Sur- 
face uneven. and in parts hilly and broken; soil varied — on 
tlie streams being very fertile. Staples, wheal, grain, and 
potatoes. It has some good timber land ami excellent pas- 
turage lor cattle. Farms l,2u7; mimuf. 216; dwell. 2,4S9, 
ami pop.— wh. 13,593, fr. col. TS— total 13,671. Capital: 
WiUTeii. Public Worka: Suubury and Erie It. K. ; Alle- 
ghany Valley R. R. 

WAitr.EN county, Tenn. Situate 9. E. centrally, and con- 
tains 3*2 sq. m. Cacey fork of Cumberland r. flows on its 
N. E. border, by branches (rf which it is draiued. Surtuee 
hi-IIy ; soil fertile, and adapted to grain. Farms645 ; maimf 
€; dwell. 1,8S7, and pop.— wh. S,3sG^ fr. col. S3, si. 1,710— 
—total 10,K9. Capital: M*Mtnnsvill«. PuhUc Works: 
Lexington and M'Minasville K. R. 

"Warhen c<iunty, Virg. Situate N., and contains 226 
eq. ni. Drained by Shenandoah r., which passes through 
its centre. Surface mountainous and broken ; soil fertile. 
O.uef productions, wheat and Indian corn. Farms 897; 
manuf. S4; dwell. S2S, and pop.— wh. 4,492, fr. col. 307, 
si. 1.74S— total 6,607. Capital : YiouiUoy^. P uUic Works : 
Manassas Gap R. E. 

Wabren, t. and p. v., Litchfield co.. Conn. : 33 m. W. 
Hartford. Drained by Shepaug r., a tributary of Ilousa- 
tonic r. Itauniaug Pond lies in its S. part. Pop. of t, S31. 

^VARRE^', p. o., Huntingdon co., Ind. : on E. side of Sala- 
monie r, 70 m. N. E. by N. Indianapolis. 

WAiutEN,t.,p. v., and oneof thf capitals, Lincoln co.. Me. : 
SI m. S. E. by E. Augusta. Drained by St. George river, 
which is navigable fur sloops. The manufacture of lime is 
carried on extensively, with some ship-building and large 
lumber business. The v. is well located, and contains the 
county buildings, an academy, etc Pop. of t. 2,42S. 

Wari-.en, !. and p. o., Macomb co., Mich. : 71 m. E. l>y S. 
Lansing. Interests entirely agricultural. Pop. in 1S40, 
S37 ; in ISSii, 700. 

Wabrkn, p. v., Fannin CO., Teas. : on S. banlt of Red r., 
247 m. N. E. Austin. 

Waerkn, p. v., Baltimore CO., Md.: on E. bank Gun- 
powder r., 32 m. N. Annapolis. 

"Wakeen, t., p. v., and sta., Worcealer co., Masn. : 5? ni. 
"W. by S. Boston. Drained W. by Chicopee r., on which 
the v. is situated. The Wealern K. R. passes through it, 29 
miles from Worcester (73 m. fri>ra Buston). It contains sev- 
eral manufacturing eslabliBhments, with 2 churches, stores, 
etc. Pop. of L in l&iO, 1,290 ; in 1S50, 1,776. 

Warrkn, t. and p. o.. Marion co.. Mo.: 84 m. N. by E. 
Jefr.rsMn City. Pop. of t about 2,000. 

\VAi:RiiN, t., p. v., and sta., Grafton co., N. Hamp. : 52 m. 
N. N.W. i:oncord (direct), and by the Boston. Concord, and 
Monirral R. B., which passes througli, 71 m.from Concord. 
Surface diversifled; in S. part mountainous, having Cart's 
Mountain on its S. E. border. Pop. of t S72. 

■Warrfx, p. v., Jo Daviess county, HI-.: 182 miles N. 
Springfield. The Illinois Central R. E. will pass through 
this place 

Wauhen, p. , Lee co.. la.: 72 m. S. Iowa City. 



Waki;en'. sta.,Du Page CO.. /^^.: on Galena and Chicago 
Union R. R., 25 ra. from Chiciigo. 

■\Vabi:e.n-. I. and p. o., Herkimer county, JVI Y. : 62 m. 
W. by N. Albany. Surface hilly ; soil excellent loam. The 
inhabilanla are generally engaged in agricultural pursuits, 
but the I. aISM contains mills of various kinds. Pop. 1,756. 

AViiiREN. p. v., and cap. Trurabull co., Ohio: on Mahon- 
ing r.. 140 m. N. E. by E. Columbus. The v. is regularly 
laid out with streets crossing at right angles. U conXains 
the county buihiings, a bank, several churches, etc. In 
1S5U three newspapers were published— " T. Whig," '-T. 
Democrat,"" and " Western Reserve Chronicle" (neul.) Pop. 
of t. 734. 

Waeiien, p. b., and cap. Warren co., Perm.: on N. sme 
of Alleghany r., at the confluence of Conewango cr., 15S ra. 
N. W. Harrisimrg. It occupies an ele\Tited site, 35 feet 
aliove the river, of which it commands a fine view in either 
direction. It is regularly laid out with streets crossing at 
right angles, and has a fine public square in the centre con- 
taining the county buiklings. It contains 3 churches, an 
academy, ston-s, etc., and has some ntainifacturea. The 
" W. Ledger" (dem.) and *■ W. Mail" (whig) are here pub- 
lished. Two Unes of railroad are projected to pass through 
this place. Sunbury and Erie R. R. an<l the Alleghany Val- 
ley E. R. Pop. in 1S4II. 737 ; in 1850, 1,013. 

Warren, t. and p. v., Bristol co., P. I. : 16 m. N. by E. 
Newport. Surface of t. rolling, with very fertile aoil. The 
v. in the S. E. jiart of the I. is handsomely situated on ele- 
vated ground. Ita harbor readily admits vessels of 300 Uyvts. 
Ship-buildvng. coasting trade, the fisheries, and some manu- 
facturing of cotton goods are carried cm. It contains an ex- 
cellent female seminary and some other schools, 2 churches, 
and 2 banks, cap. ^260,000. The " N-irlhern Star" (miscel.) 
issued weekly. Pop. in 1840, 2,4S7 ; in 1850, 3.103. 

Warren, t. and p. v., Washington co., Verm. : 14 m. 
S. W. by S. Montpelier. Drained W. by Mud r., which af- 
fords water-power. Pop. of i. 962. 

Warren, p. v., Albemarle co., 17/^.' on James River 
Canal, N. side of James r., 62 m. W. by N. Richmond. 
- Warren, p. o., Rock co., Wi^c: 26 ni. S. S. E. Madison. 

Warren Coirt-iiouse. p. v., and cap, Bradley co.. Ark. : 
3 ni. W. Saline r.. 75 m. S. by E. Little Rock. It contains 
the CO. buildings, etc. Pop. 679. 

Wa.-.renham, p. n., Rradford co., Peiui. : 115 m. N. by E. 
Uarrisburg. 

Wap.kensburg, p. v., and cap. Johnson county. Mo. : on 
Post Oak cr., near its confluence with Black r., 87 m. W. by 
N. Jefferson City. It conlams the county buildings, etc. 
Pop. 195. 

Warrensbueo, t. and p. v., Warren co., N. Y. : 5? m. N. 
Albany. Drained by llu-lson and Schroon rivers, which 
here unite. Surface hilly, with very fertile soil on the 
sireams. The v. on Schroon r. contains several .stores, 
mills, 2 churches, and about 450 inhabitants. Population 
of t. 1,S74. 

WAKREN8BURG, p. v.. Greene co., Tntrr. : on N. aide of 
Noliehucky r., 205 ni. E. Nashville. Pop. about 100. 

Warrensville, p. v., Mahaska co., /./. ; on S. W. aide 
Skunk r.. 66 m. W. by S. Iowa City. 

Wareensvillb, p. v., Du Page- co., Ifl.: on E. side of 
Mill brook, 153 m. N. E. by N. Springfield. 

Waruensville. t. and p. v., Cuyahoga co., Oliio: 8 m. 
E. S. E. Cleveland, 123 m. N. E. by N. Columbus, Popu- 
lation of t. 1,409. 

WARREN>ivn,i.E, p. v., Lycortiing county, Pmn.: 72 m. 
N. by W. Ilarrij-burg. 

Waerkn Taveen, p. o., Chester co., Penn. : 70 m. E. by S. 
llarrisburg. 

Wari:knton, p. v., aud cap, Marshall co., Ala.: a tittle 
S. Tennessee r., 137 ni. N. M'-nlgomery. It contains a 
court-house, jail, etc. The *' Southern Guard" (dem.) is is- 
sued weekly. 

WAiiRENroN, p. v., an<l cap. Warren co., Ga. : 45 in. N. E. 

699 



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by E. Milledgeville. It contains the county buildings, a 
charch, stores, etc. The 'Warrenlon Branch K. E. extends 
hence to Camak, 4 m., connecting with the Georgia E. E., 
by which it is 51 m. from Augusta and 120 m. from Atlanta. 
Warrkston, p. v., Gibson co., Tnd. : 126 m. S. W. by S. 
Indianapolis. 

Warrenton, p. v., 'Warren county, Ky. : 120 m. S. "W. 
Frankfort. 

Warrkhton, p. v., "Warren co., Wss. : on E. bank of 
Mississippi r, 44 m. W. by 8. Jackson. 

Warbknton, p. v., and cap. "Warren county, J/b. .• 60 m. 
E. by N. Jefferson City. It contains the county buildings, 
several stores, etc. Pop. about 150. 

tfARRENTON, p. V., sta., and cap. "Warren co., ^^, Car.: 
43 m. N. N. E. Ealeigh. It contains the court-house and 
jail, several stores, a church, etc. The " Warrtnton News'' 
is published weekly. The Gaston and Ealeigh E. E. passes 
near it, 24 m. from Gaston, 63 m. from Ealeigh. Pop. 
about 750. 

Wakbenton, p. v., Jefferson co,, 0?tio: on W. bank of 
Ohio r., 119 m. E. by N. Columbus. Pop. about 800. 

Wabrenton, p. v., Abbeville diat., S. Car.: on E. side 
of Little r., 80 m. W. Columbia. 

Warrenton, p. V and cap., Fauquier co., Virg. : SO tn. 
N. by W, Eichmond. It contains a court-house, towu-hall, 
jail, and 3 chiu-ches. The " Piedmont Whig" and "-Flag 
of '9S" are issued weekly. The Warrenton Branch E. E. 
extends hence to junction with the Orange and Alexandria 
E. E. Pop. about 1.300. 

Warrenton Springs, p. v., Fauquier co., Virg. : S5 m. 
N. by "W. Eichmond. 

"Warrenviixe, p. v., Somerset county, K Jer.: 80 m. 
N. E. by N. Trenton. 

Warrick county, Ind. Situate S. "W., on Ohio river, and 
contains 360 sq. m. Little Pigeon river, and several slow- 
moving streams drain the interior. Except the Ohio bottom, 
and the abutting bluffs, the surface is rolling, but at the 
head of Pigeon river there are some wet prairies. Corn and 
tobacco are staples, and coal is abundant. Farms 994; 
manuf. 92; dwell. 1,513, and pop.— wh. S,7S2, fr. col. 29—, 
total S.811. Capital: Booneville. Pullic ITorAra ; "Wabash 
an<^ Erie Canal. 

Warrington, t and p. v., Bncka co., Perm. : 90 m. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Warrus-gton, p. v., Hancock co., Ind.: 29 m. E. K. E. 
Indianapolis. 

Warrington, p. t., Escambia co., I'lor. : 1?3 m. "W. by N. 
Tallahassee. 

Warrior Creek, p. o., "Wilkes county, N. Car. : 140 m. 
"W. by N. Ealeigh. 

Warrior's Maek, t. and p. v., Huntingdon co., Pemi. : 
66 m. W. N. W. Harrisburg. Surface of t. mountainous. 
The V. in N. part contains several stores, dwellings, etc. In 
the vicinity are two charcoal furnaces, one a bot*blast, of 
1,650 tons annual capacity, and another, cold-blast, with 
annual capacity of 1,830 tons. The t. also contains several 
grist and saw mills, tanneries, and distilleries. Pop. of t. 
about 2,000. 

Wahrioe Stand, p. o., Macon county, Ala. : SO m. E. 
Montgomery. 

Warsaw, p. v., Sumter co., Ala.: on "W. aide of Oka- 
tibby-hah r., 121 m. "W. N. "W. Montgomery. 

Warsaw, p. v., Forsyth co.. Ga. : on E. side of Chatta- 
hoochee r., 90 m. N. W. Milledgeville. 

Warsaw, p. v., Hancock co., III. : on E. bank of Missis- 
sippi r., 100 rn. W. N. W. Springfield. It has a fine site, 
with good landing, does considerable business in exporting 
com and pork, and is surrounded by a good farming country. 
The " Warsaw Signal" (whig) is issued weekly. 

Warsaw, p. v., and cap. Kosciusko co., Ind.: 100 m. 
N. by E. Indianapolis. Ii is beautifully situated near Tip- 
pecanoe r. and two of the lakes. It contains good county 
buildings, and two churches. The " Kosciusko Eepublican"' 
900 



(whig), and " Warsaw Democrat," are here published. 
Lines of railroad are projected from Peru and Fort WajTie 
to pass through this place. Pop. 304. 

Warsaw, p. v. and cap., Gallatin co., Ky. ; on S. bank 
of Ohio r., 36 ra. N. Frankfort, It contains a court-house 
and other county buildings, and two churches. It has con- 
siderable trade, and exports a large quantity of produce and 
tobacco. The surrounding country is billy, but very pro- 
ductive of wheat, corn, and tobacco; and also abounds with 
fine limber. Pop. about 700. 

Warsaw, p. v., and cap. Benton co., Mo. : on N. side of 
Osage r., 63 m. W. S. W." Jefferson City. It contains the 
court-house and jail, several stores, etc. The " Warsaw 
Weekly Whig" is here published. Pop. about 50.\ 

Warsaw, p. o., Portage county, Wise. : 105 ni. N. by W. 
Madison. 

Warsaw, p. v., and sta., Duplin coxmty, N. Car. : 50 m. 
S. E. by S. Ealeigh. The Wilmington and Weldon E. E. 
passes through, .^5 m. from Wilmington, 107 m. from Weldon. 
Waesaw, t,, p. v., sta., and cap. Wyoming co., Al Y.: 
230 m. W. Albany. Surface diversified ; soli extremely fer- 
tile. Drained by Allen's cr., flowing N. through the t. cen- 
trally. The v. on Allen's or. contains the county buildings, 
5 churches, an academy, various manufacturing establish- 
ments, 1 bank, capital $100,000, and about 90U inhabitants. 
The Buffalo and New York City E. E. passes through it, 
48 m. from Buffalo, and 43 m. from Hornellsville. The 
Western New Torker" (whig) ia iasued weekly. Pop. of 
t. 2,624. 

Warsaw, p. t., Coshocton co., Ohio : on the Ohio Canal, 
and N. side of Walhonding r., 53 m. E.N. E. Columbus. 

Warsaw, t. and p. o,, Jefferson co., Penn. : on N. side . 
of Sandy Lick cr., 120 m. N. W. by W. Harrisburg. 

Warsaw, p. v., and cap. Eichmond co., Virg. : 47 m, 
N. E. by E. Eichmond. It occupies a pleasant site, 3 m, 
from Eappahannock r., and contains the county buildings, 
a female academy, church, several stores, etc. Pop. about 150. 
Warsaw Peairik, p. o., Henderson co., TUo. .' 173 m. 
N. E. by N. Austin. 

Warthen's Store, p. o., Washington county, Ga. : 31 m, 
E. by N. Montgomery. 

Wartrace Dep6t, p. o., and sta., Bedford co., Tenn. : on 
Nashville and Chattanooga E. E., 55 m. from Nashville, 
96 m. from Chattanooga. A branch R. E. extends hence, 
8 m, to Shelbyville. 

Warwick county, Virg. Situate toward the S. E., and 
contains 55 sq. m. Drained by small streams of James 
liver. It occupies the S. W. portion of the peninsula, 
between York and James rivers. Surface level ; soil mod- 
erateH- fertile. Chief products wheat and Indian core. 
Farms 01 ; manuf. ; dwell. 132, and pop.— wh. 599, fr. col. 
43, si. 905— total 1,546. Capital: Warwick C. H. 

WAEwicii, p. v., Cecil county, Md. : 49 m. N. E. by E. 
Annapolis. 

Warwick, p. v., Dooly county, Ga.: 85 m. S. S. W. 
Milledgeville. 

Wakwice, t. and p. v., Franklin co., JHa.s$. : 6S m. 
W. N. W. Boston. Surface elevated and uneven ; soil best 
adapted to grazing. The central v. is neatly bu'ilt, and very 
pleasant- Pop. of t. 1,021. 

Warwick, t and p. v., Orange co., A^ 3'. ; 96 m. S. S. W. 
Allniny. Surface hilly ; soil feriile. Drained by branches 
of Wallkill and Passaic rivers. In its W. part is a portion 
of the " drowned lands," and in S. E. part, a portion of 
Greenwood lake. The v. contains 2 churches, and about 
450 inliabitauis. The t is very large, and contains other 
settlements. Pop. of t. 4,902. 

Warwick, t., p. v., and sta., Kent co., P. I. : on Stoning- 
lon and Providence E.E., S m. S. from Providence. Bounded 
E. by Narragansett bay. Surface of t. varied ; soil gravelly 
loaui. Drained in N. part by Pawtuxet r., which affords 
great waler-jiowcr, improved by numerous factories. Paw- 
tuxet v., ftt its mouth, lies partly in thi.s t., and partly in 



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Craaston. Other villages m the .. are al,o noted for their , S. E. hy E. Eiehmot.d. It contain, a court-house, jail, etc, 

■ " anil is a pleasant village. 

Wasua lal;e. La. : 17 m. S. S. W. New Orleans. It 18 
15 m. long, with average lireadth of 5 m., and connects by 
wide bayous with Cotijuche and Little lakes. 

WAsnBot'RS I'R.imiE, p. 0., Barry county, Mo. : 163 m. 
S. W. by S. Jefferson City. 



manufactures. Warwiol; v. contains, besides factories, 2 
banks, an academy, church, etc. The '■ Kent Co. Alias" 
(miscel.) is issued weekly. Pop. of 1. in IMO, 6,r26; in 
ISoO, 7,7«. 

Wabwk-k, p. o., Waukesha co., Wise. : on W. si<ie White 
r., 69 m. N. by E. Madison. 

Wabwick, p. v., and cap. Warwick o,o., Vu-!/. : 63 m. 



THE TERRITORY OF WASHINGTON. 

Thb Territory, until 1S53 a portion of Oregon Territory, occupies all the country lying generally between Ae I""^teto 
of «i and 40 o north latiUtde, and extending from the Uoc-ky MounUains on the east to the Pao.nc Ocean on .l,e w«L 
Thtclmbia Eiver forms the southern boundary bel, .w the line of 46° to the sea. H compr,se8 somewhat more than 

"■^^rih^Sc^irSr^rT^rStryet to be learned. 
^l,ttKlag,n.e^e.tl.r„^ 

^Z::^^^t:^^o^^^^^^'''"''-^'^'^ emptylilher into the sound above named, or into 
The PaXthroughtavs which may hereafter blcome valuable to conimerce. The Columbia t.ver h- been .i^r.u,gh y 
7, B i.i,„r r N iml -Wilkes U S N., and the C..a.st Survey has twice esammed its m..ulh. Shoal-Water 
Z trt'^Harr an^cl^'crats Kiv.^ h";^lsobeen surveyed by the United Slates officers, and the English Admiralty 
char'ts lo er"he S ai^of Fuca, and many harbors on the mainland and Vancouver's Island. The surveys o Captain 
W^esl:'" full iSma ion oFall the group of islands in the Gulf of Georgia, and the channels leading to and making 
rp-e'so^nd The shores of this wonderful network of channels are eo favorable in soil and location, that bey tmis 
soo 1 D^ol^grea value. Through a surprising extent of line they are directly accessible for ocean vessels, artd f^iriu as 
soon possess great ^a. i „ > f„„„,la.ion for a kind of agricultural Venice far into the heart 

as yet ma. e ''"' 'f'^ ">"« « . ^^ f^ ,„„,;, „= Oregon Missions by Father Pe Sniet, and Irving's Astoria, are the chief 

engagt-dt a geological reconnoi..anee of the old Oregon Territory, which has taken him much among the Rocky 
''ZTtrrt:Zm^l^^^'^ P-"— ' ~-«'«^ '^•"'' "- ostablishmentof this -w Territory The 

government. Torrimrv the President has ftirther honored hun liy placing 

Since the appointment of Col. Stevens as governo ^ '^^ J^ ^^j^;;^/, "^^^ Z. under a recent act of Congress, 
him at the head of a party to explore what is termed the >,or.h. ri I 'f''^^'^'" ^^ ascerudned in the 

making an appropriation to explore the different proposed routes '» *« Pa _.l ■ ; « ■"^';,-,,., ^,„,i„,, „.„ ,„„„ 
enrvey-of this route is the practicabdity of the "'^'^'''''^"f;^;^^^^^^^ „^ V „ono that are sought for by 

only to the route upon which they are to be engaged, and iheir reports «'"""' .„'■(,,„, ji,„.o„, are Cnpt. .Tolm 

tbe'departmeut under which they are ,o act. The officers o the f "'>. 'f'" 5'',; „ ^ ^"^^ .,,,„,,,,. , ^ Lieuf. Knfu, 
W. T. Gardiner, Is. Drag.xms ; Bvt Capt. George B. M-Clell. n 2, Liu 1. T. K.I ^ ,^^^. J ^ ^,^^. _^^^^ ^ ^^^^ 

Baxton, Jr., 4th Artillery; 2d LieaL ^i-v.er Gn.ver 4 h Arlill r 2 L _ ^„„„,i„,. The scientific corps 

2d Lieut. John Mullan, Jr., 1st Artillery ; and Drs. Luckiej an, '.' "J; "'^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^^^^_^|^^^.^ ^^^.^, ; ,;. W. Ste- 

will consist of some 12 or 14 persons, among whom are ''';"''''■' ;.;,,, ;*„;„,„, ; and John Lambert draughuman. 
vens and A. Eemenji, astronomers ; A.W, Tenkliam ari.l r . " . .^^^ ^^ ^^^ (.„„ineer company, under command of 

The escort consists of 10 non-commissioneJ ofhcers. ariin< . rs, . i ^^_ .^^^^^^,^ ^^^^ ,, ,,, i,r,n;non9, under command 
Lieut. Donelson, and one sergeant, two corporals, one '""*'■■';'"• ' ' „^ „f ,.,,,i„ri„g the Cascade range, 

of Capt. Gardiner. CapL M-Clellan will depart from ' ''^•■' ^ '^'^ ,!„,,'„,, „„,, ,„ir.v men. and proceed east, 

with two officers furnished him by the brigadier-genera in <•" ™^"^ " Louis and ascend the Missouri Uiver to Fori 
ward. A portion of lie main parly, under Lieut. Donelson, wiU leave bU Louis ana as 



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Union, at thR uiouih of the Yellowstone, the place of rendezvous on the east, where they will be joined by the remainder 
of the parly, under the immediale command of Gov. Stevens. 

A ^^p(lgraphtcal survey, says the Waf>liin0on {D. C.) liepuUic of 7lh May, 1?53, will be made of the Kooky and Cas- 
cade mountains, between the 46lh and 49lh paralk-ls, and of the intervening country, to determine the general course of 
Ihe railroad, and to guide the civil engineers in estaltlishing its precise route. This reconnoisance will embrace the prom- 
inent features of the country, the mountain ranges and passes, the windings of rivers and streams, and their dividing 
ridges, the prairies, and every thing necessar>' for the comtructinn of a map of the countrj-. This will comprehend the 
iaiporlaul points of the Misanori and Columbia rivers, the dehouches of the Cascade and Kocky mountain ranges the 
fixing of the latitude and longitude of all important points, and all the facts bearing upon the construction of the road 
including the natural facilities for the transportation of iron, supplies, etc., required for the road. In crossing rivers the 
height of the banks will be noted, the deplh of the water, the apparent highest water, the nature of the bollom on which 
abutments and piers must rest, the width between the banks, and all information leading to correct estimates of the means 
and cost of earn ing a road over Ihe stream. 

It is ntpt doubled that the controlling points will prove to be the passes of the Cascade and Kocky mountains, and the 
opinion is entertained that the location of a road between the two ranges, and for a long distance east of the Rocky 
Mountains, may be suspended until these passes shall be thoroughly examined, and a practical avenue discovered. 

It is proposed to construct a general map from the head waters of the Mississippi Kiver to the Pacific Ocean, a map of 
■Washington Territory, and thence eastward to the hca<i waters of the Mississippi; maps of the Cascade range, Kocky 
Mountains, and other critical points of the route and of the mountain passes. 

As it will be necessary to determine the capacity of the adjacent country- to supply materials for the construction of the 
road, and of the Columbia and Missouri rivers and their tributaries to transport them, attention will be given to the ge- 
ography and meteorology of the whole intermediate region ; to the seasons and the characters of the freshets ; to the 
quantities and continuance of ita rains and snows, especially in the mountain ranges; to its geology in arid ranges, 
keeping in view the bringing of water to the surface by means of artesian wells ; to [he botany, natural history, and 
agricultural and mineral resources; to the location, numbers, history, traditions, and customs of the Indian tribes; and 
euch other facts as may tend to the solution of the railroad problem. 

"We learn, further, that after the completion of the survey of the mountain passes, probably in October or November 
nfext, such porlions of the escort and scientific corps as will not be needed in the operations toward the Pacific, will be 
dispatched homeward by new routes, in order to obtain still further knowledge of the geography of the country ; and H 
is hoped that a satisfactory report may be made to Congress in February next. 

The preparation and equipment of this expedition have been well considered, and every man, from the principal to 
the humblest subaltern, lias been selected with reference to his peculiar fitness for the duty assigned him. The most 
effective means have already been employed to conciliate and secure the good will of the various Indian tribes inhab- 
iting the region to be traversed ; but for any demonstration of an opposite fueling, the party will be well prepared. 

The Hudson's Bay Company has manifested a laudable disposition to render every aid iu its power to facilitate the 
operations of Ihe expedition, and the hospitality of its posts, and the friendly offices of its agents, may be depended upon. 

Though some of the Indian tribes of this territory are reputed to be ferocious and malignant in character, they are 
generally superior to those of tbeir race with whom we are better acquainted. In industry, thrift, and intelligence, they 
far excel the eastern tribes. To act justly toward them, and to merit their respect and confidence, will be the policy of 
Governor Stevens and his companions, in commendation of whom we might say much, did we not know that they 
possess the entire confidence of the administration and of the countr>'. Their duty is one of s')me peril, and will be 
attended with great privations and hardships. Often, we doubt not, apparent impossibilities will arise before them in 
such frirm as would deter irresolute men from the consummation of the task assigned them. Bui the reality of such 
appearances will undoubtedly in each instance be fully tested by this chosen band, in whose safety and welfare, and la 
the triumph and success of whose enterprise, their whole country will feel the deepest interest 



WAemNoTON county, Ala^ Situate S. W., and contains 
1,049 sq. m. Drained by numerous branches of Toml)ieboe 
r., which forms its E. boundary, and by Escatawpa creek. 
Surface varied— in the N. undulating, and in the S. gener- 
ally level. Soil fertile, and adapted to cotton and com. 
Pine and other timber aboumls. Farms 141; manuf. 0; 
dwell. 25S, and pop.— wh. 1,195, fr. col. 22, si. 1.49&— total 
2,713. Capital: Washington. Puhlic Works: Mobile uud 
Ohio R. R. 

Washington county, Ark. Situate N. W., and contains 
929 sq. m. Drained by Illinois r., a tributary of Arkansas 
r., and by a head branch of White r. Surface mountainous ; 
soil fertile, and adapted to cotton. Farms 850 ; manuf. 2T; 
dwell. I,4:i0, and pop.— wh. S,636, fr. col. 14, si. 1,199— total 
9,849. Capitnl : Fayetteville. 

Washington county, D. of Col. : co-extensive with the 
DisTBtcr OF Columbia. 

Washington county, Flor. Situate toward the W., and 
contains 1,226 sq. ra. Drained by several branchesof Choc- 
tawhatchee r., which bounds it on the west. Surface 
level ; soil generally poor, but there are some fertile tracts, 
adapted to cotton ; rice is also growTi. In the S. is St An- 
drew's bay, the banks of which contain a quantity of live 
oak. Farms 155; manuf. 4; dwell. 2T8, and pop.— wh. 
1,4.54, fr. col. 12, al. 504— total 1,950. Capital : Roche's 
Bluff. 

"Washington county, Ga. Situate E. centrally, and coa- 
902 



tains 962 sq. m. Drained by branches of Oconee r., which 
flows on its western border, and of Ogeechee and Great 
Ohoopee rivers. . Surface varied ; soil fertile in some por- 
tions, but in general is of a tight sandy nature, and very 
indifferent Wheat and grain are produced, but cotton is 
the staple. Pine and other timber is found on the land. 
Farms 632; manuf. 6; dwell. 1,077, and pop.— wh. 5,993, 
fr. col. 35, si. 5.T3S— total 11,766. Capital: Sandersville. 
Puhlic Work%: Georgia Central K. R. 

Washington county, IU. Situate toward the S. W., and 
contains 5S3 sq. m. Drained by Elkhorn and Muddy 
creeks, and small branches of the Kaakaskia r., which forms 
ils N. W. boundary. Surface level, and a large portion is 
low and wet. Soil poor, and unfit for cultivation. It has 
good pasturage, on which large numbers of cattle and hogs 
are fattened, and the exportation of which is considerable. 
In the S. are some fine prairies. Farms 829; manuf. 9; 
dwell. 1,2SS, and pop.— wh. 6.929, fr. col. 24— total 6.953. 
Capital: Nashville. Public Worka: Illinois Central E. K., 
Sangamon and Massac R. R. 

Wasdington county, Ind. Situate 8., and contains 540 
sq. m. Drained by Muscatatuck r. and E. fork of White r., 
Lost r, antl head streams of Blue r. Surface diversified — 
hills, levels, and undulations succeed each other rapidly, and 
forests, prairies, and barrens intermingle strangely. Sink 
holes and caverns abound, the substratum being limestone 
Soils unusually fertile. Farms 1,71S; manof. 83; dwelt. 



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2,S97, and pop.— wh. IfiJSS, fr. col. 252— tnUit 1T.040. Capi- 
tal: Salem. PuhlU- Works: New Albany and Salem K.i:. 

"Wabhington county, la. Situate toward the S. E.. and 
contains 569 sq. m. Iowa r. flows through its N. E. corner, 
by which and its branches, and by Skunk r. and Loni; and 
Cro<tked crecka, it is drained. Surface level or rolling; 
soil conaiala nf black mold, with sami intermixed, and fertile, 
and well ada[)Ied to grain. Timber abounds. Farms 428 ; 
roanuf. 1 ; dwell. >S56, and pop.— wh. 4,957, fr. col. 0— total 
4,957. Ci'pitul: Washington. 

■Washington county, Eij. Situate N. centrally, and con- 
tains 807 sq. m. Drained by Chaplin's fork of Salt r., and 
its branches. Surface level ; 3<>il generally fertile, and 
adapted to grain and grazing. Chief productions, tnbacco 
and Indian corn. Farms 867 ; manuf. 21 ; dwell. 1,517, and 
pop.— wh. 9,0S6, fr. cul. 63, el. 3,045— total 12,194. Capital : 
Springfield. 

WA8HiN(iTON parish, Iai. Situate N. E. in the eastern 
district, and contains 85S sq. ra. Drained chiefly by liogue 
Chitlo, and Chifuncte rivers. Surface hilly and broken, and 
much of it covered with pine forests; soil in general is 
barren, but there are some portions of fertile land, and 
cotti^n and rice are grown, which fi^rm the staple articles of 
comnierce. Farms 260; manuf. 0; dwell. 406, and pop. — 
wh. 2,367, fr. col. 4, ala. 1,037 — total 3,403. Capital: 
Franklintown. 

Wasqingtos county, 3fe. Situate S. E., and contains 
2,470 sq. m. Machias, Pleasant, and Naraquagas rivers, 
with other large streams, drain the co. Surface uneven and 
broken, and is diversified with numerous lakes, the prin- 
cipal of which is the Schoodic in the N. Soil fertile, 
adapted to wheat and grain. A large number of cattle and 
bogs are fattened in this co. The etLstern boundary is 
formed by the St. Croix r., which separates it from New 
Brunswick. The numerous bays which indent the Atlantic 
shore afford excellent harbors, and also advantages for 
navigation and the fisheries. It is well timbered. Farms 
1,S75; manuf. 310; dwell. 6,835, and pop.— wh. 38.6^. fr. 
col. 126— total 3S,S10. CapiUil: Machias. Public Works: 
Franklin U. R. ; European and N. American K. K. ; Calais 
and Baring E. K. 

Washington county, Afd. Situate W., and contains 
518 sq. m. Drained by branches of Patuxent r., which forms 
its E. and N. E. boundary, and by Piscataway. Broad, 
Coneeocheague, and other creeks, affluents of the Potomac, 
which flows on its S. W. border. Surface varied, in some 
parts being hiily and much broken ; soil a deep mold, and 
in the valleys and the river bottoms is very rich and pro- 
ductive. Stapb-9 wheat and grain. Live-stock and grain 
are exported. Farms 1,292; manuf. 170; dwell. 5,052, and 
pop.— wh. 26.929, fr. col. 1,829, si. 20,903— total 30,848. 
Capital : Hagerstown. Pablio Work^ : Baltimore an<I 
Ohio K. R. ; Franklin R. R. ; Chesapeake and Ohio Canal. 

Washington county, Mir.n. Ter. On the Wiscnsin 
boundary, from which State it is separated by St. Croix r., 
and extending back to the 16th meridian W. of Washington 
City. The Mississippi makes its S. boundary, and its N. is 
the 47th parallel of latitude. Surface generally level, and 
well drained by creeks of Uie St. Ooix. It has numerous 
lakes and in all parts; as a farming co. it is one of the best 
and most accessible in the Tcrrit'>ry, and has been the 
longest settled. Farms 48 ; manuf. 4 ; dwell. 1 61 , and pop. — 
wh. 1,052, fr. col. 4— total l,(i56. Capital: Stillwater. 

Washington county, J/m«. Situate W., and contains 
1,219 sq. m. Drained by Williams' bayou, and Sun FInwer 
rivers and their branches and email streams, all of which 
are Iribularies of Yazoo river. Surface diversified with lakes, 
and in the W. the land rises toward the Mis»>i?&ippi, and 
forms high natural embankments to that river; soil very 
fertile, and wdl adapted to cotton, which is the chief pro- 
dnction. Farms 109; manuf. 0; dwell. 1*26, and pop.— 
wh. 553, fr. coL — , Bla. 7,336— total 8,889. Capitul: 
Greenville. 



Washington county, Mo. Situate townr<i the S. E., and 
contains 937 sq. m. Big river and its branches, and head 
branches of St. Francois and Big Blackwaler rivers, drain 
this CO. Surface varied, for the most part it is hilly and 
much broken, but tliere is some level land; soil fertile, and 
adapted to grain. It cnniajns part of the celebrated " Iron 
Mountain." which is one vast mass of micaceous oxide of 
Iron ; it rises in height aliout 300 feet above the plain ; the ore 
is so pure that it yields 70 or SO per cent, goufi inm. It con- 
tains lead and copper, and is rich in minerals of all kinds. 
Farms 713; manuf. 41 ; dwell. 1,291, and pop.— wh. 7,713, 
fr. col. 23, si. 1.075-total 8.811. Capital: Potosi. Pnhlic 
Worku: Iron Mountain R. R. 

Washington caunty, N'. y\ Situate E. toward the N., 
and contains 807 sq. m. Drained principally by Iloosick 
ami Battenkill rivers, which flow into the Hudson, and 
Pawlet and PouIIney rivers, Wood cr., and Moseskill. Sur- 
face various, generally hilly anrl interspersed wiih pleasant 
valleys; soil fertile, and In the valleys and on the plain 
producing good crops of wheat; the uplands are well 
adapted to grazing, and much live-stock is raised. Chief 
productions, wheal and Indian corn. It contains many 
minerals, an<l in tlie N. granite forms the princijial portion 
of the uutler-stratum of rock. Limestone and slate are 
found in the S. This co. is marked by three distinct ranges 
of mountains, viz.: the Taghk.anic in the E. portion, the 
Pett-rbcro' extending from N. to S., and Uie I'almeralown 
occupying tlie country between Lake Genrge and Lake 
ChampJain. Farms 3,037; manuf 270; dwell. 8,043, and 
pop.— wh. 44.402, fr. col. 343— total 44.750. CapiUil.-i : Salem 
and Sandy Hill. Public Works : Rutland and Washington 
R. R. ; Saratoga and Washington R. R. ; Ciiamphiin Canal. 

Washington county, N. ('ar. Situate E., ami contains 
37s sq. m. Drained by several small streams falling into 
Lake Phelps in the E., and Albemarle Sound in the N. 
Surface level, ranch of it being low and swampy; soil 
moderately fertile. Chief productions, eotlon amJ Indian 
corn. Farms 444; manuf 24; dwell. 670, and pop.— 
wh. 3,216, fr. col. 235, b1. 2,215— U>tal 5,666. CapiUil: 
Plymouth. 

Washington county, Ohio. Situate tttward the S. E., 
and contains 612 sq. m. Muskingum r. passes centrally 
through it, by which aiui its branches, and by Little Musk- 
ingum r., and Duck, Wolf, Bear, and Cat creeks, it is drained. 
Surface in general is hilly and broken, there are. however, 
some tracts of level land alitug the Ohio and Muskingum 
rivers; soil fertile and adapted to grain. Staples wheat and 
Indian com. Apple, pear, peach, and other fruit-trees 
produce well. It contains sonie salt-beds, and iron ore of a 
good quality is found. On Big and Little Muskingum rivers 
bituminous coal aliounds. Farms 1,776; manuf. lOS; dwell. 
4,906, and pop.— wh. 29.149, fr. col. 391— total 29,540. 
Caj>it<il: Marietta. Public HorX'v*; Cincinnati and Marietta 
B. 11. ; Cincinnati and Belpre R. R., etc. 

Washington county, Orei/on Tfr. Extends from Ihe E. 
boundary of Clatsop co. to the Columbia and Willamette 
rivers, which make its N. E. and E. borders, au'l into these 
its rivers and creeks empty. Area about 5,00() sq. m. It is 
one of the most important counties of the Territnry, l)t)th in 
regard to situation and resi>urces; and being po».s<_-SLScd of 
ample navigation and water-power, is destined to a high 
rank in weallh and prosperity. St. Helen's, on the Columbia, 
and Portland, and Linn (;ity on the Willarnelte, are already 
flrmrishing towns. Farms 116; manuf 5; dwell. 418, and 
pop.— wh. 2S>i^i, fr. col. S— total 2.651. Caj,itiil: Ilillsboro', 

Washington county, /Vhh. Situate S. W., and contains 
795 sq. m. Drained by branches of Mont>ngahfla r., which 
forms its ea-^tern boundary, and by Buffalo, Raccoon, and 
Cross creeks. Surface' Ho[newhat elevated, and m parts 
much broken; soil generally fertile, and produces abund- 
antly wh<'at, grain, and potatoes. A large quantity of live« , 
stock is raiM'd and exported. Coal of bituminous nature is 
found abundantly, and extensively mined. Farms S,572; 

903 



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manuf. 247 ; dwell. 8,045, and pop.— wh. 43,3S0, fr. col. 1,559— 
total 44,939. Ctipital: Washington. Public Works: Pitts- 
burg and Steub'enville K. R. ; Ilempfield R. E. 

WASuiNtiTON county, 7?. /. Situate S., and contains 867 
sq. m. Drained by Pawcatuck r., and Cliarlfes and Wood 
rivers, its chii-f branches, both of which supply good water 
privileges. Surface uneven ; soil a strong gravelly loam, 
witli clay intorraixed, and is well suited for pasture. It has 
many fine harbors, and has great coniniercial advantages. 
Chief products, wheat, Indian corn, and potatoes. Farms 
1,30S; manuf. 95; dwell. 2,S91, and pop.— wh. 15,911, fr. 
col. 511)— total 16,430. Capikd: Kingston. Public Works: 
Providence and Stonington R. E. 

'Washi>'gton county, Teym. Situate E., and contain.^ 
512 sq. ni. Drained by Nolichucky r. and its affluents, and 
branches of Watauga r., a tributary of Ilolston river. Surface 
hilly, and in parts somewhat mountainous and broken. Soil 
fertile, and produces good crops of wheat and grain. Pork 
is exported in large quantities. It has somo important 
manufactures. A portion of the county is well timbered. 
Farms 9-22; manuf. 120; dwell. 2,155, and pop.— wh. 12,072, 
fr. col. 259, si. 930— total 13,S2I. Caj/ital : Jonesboro'. 

Washington county, Tece. Situate E. centrally, and con- 
tains 937 sq. m. Drained by Tegua, Jackson, New Year's, 
and Caney creeks, by which good water-power is supplied. 
Surface undulating, and is mostly prairie land witli occa- 
sional groves of timber; soil fertile, particularly on the 
streams, where it consists of a deep black Inani. Staples, 
cotton, com, and potatoes. The soil of the prairies is 
generally rich, and makes excellent pasturage. Farms SOG; 
manuf. ; dwell. 600, and pop.— wh. 3,166, fr. col. 0, si. 2,S17— 
total 5,9S3. CapiUtl: Brenham. 

WABurNGTON couuty, Yenu. Situate in the centre, toward 
the N. part of the State, and contains 550 sq. m. Drained 
by Onion r. and its chief branches, which afford giMjd water- 
power to the CO. Surface hilly ; soil in general fertile, and 
there is some fine land along the streams. There are some 
fine quarries of granite and slate found here. Chief produc- 
tions, wheat, Indian corn, and potatoes. It has some im- 
portant manufactures. Farms 2,104; manuf. 77; dwell. 
4,442, and pop.— wh. 24,641, fr. col. 13— total 24,654. Capital : 
Montpelier. Public Works: Vermont Central R. K. 

Washington county, Virg. Situate S. W^., and contains 
547 sq. m. Drained by New r., and branches of Great 
Kanawha and Clinch rivers. Surface diversified, mostly 
valleys between mountain ridges ; soil various, in the 
valleys being fertile, and on the uplands adapted to grazing. 
The Blue Ridge forms its N. W. boundary. Chief produc- 
tions, wheat and Indian corn, with pork, potatoes, etc. 
Farms 1.14S ; manuf. 112 ; dwell. 2,137, and pop.— wh. 12.""2, 
fr. col. 109, si. 2,131— total 14,G12. Capital: Abingdon. 
PubliA: Works : Virginia and Tennessee R. R. 

WASinNGTON county, Utah Ter. Extends along the S. 
line of the Territory, from the Rocky mountains to the 
California line, and is S5 miles wide. Drained by Colorado 
river and its tributaries. Formerly a purt of Iron eonnly. 

Washington county, Wise. Situate E. towani the S., 
and contains 603 sq. m. Drained by Milwaukie and Meno- 
monee rivers. Surface undulating; soil fertile. It is well 
limbered. Farms 1,353; manuf. 22; dwell. 3.770, and 
pop.— wli. 19,4S4, fr. col. 0.— total 19,484. Capital: Port 
Washington. 

Washington, p. city, District of Columbia: and cap. 
of the United Slates, beautifully and conveniently situate 
on the N. bank of Potomac r., between Rock creek and the 
Anacosfti or Eastern Branch. Lat. 38^ 55' 4S" north, and 
long. 77° 1' 30" west from Greenwich. It is the first meri- 
dian of American geographers. 

The site has a gently undulating surface. Tlie city extends 

N. W. and S. E. about 4^ m., and E. to 8. about 2i m. The 

public buildings occupy the most elevated situations. The 

streets run N. and S. and E. and W., crossing each other at 

r right angles, with the exception of 15, which point to the 

904 



Slates, of which they severally bear the names. Tho 
Capitol commands the streets called Maryland, Delaware, 
and Pennsylvania avenues ; the President's House, Penn- 
sylvania, Vermont, New York, and Connecticut aventies, 
and all these different intersections form 1,170 squares. 
Pennsylvania avenue, wliich stretches in a direct Une from 
Georgetown to the Eastern Branch, passing the President's 
House to the Capitol, is 4 m. in length, and 160 feet wide 
between thoso edifices, and beyond them 130 feet The 
streets, which are from 70 to loo feet wide, will give a 
fine appearance lo the city; but as yet few are built upon. 
The whole area of the city is about 3,016 acres, and its 
periphery about 14 miles. 

Washington is nearly surrounded by a fine amphitheatre 
of hills of moderate elevation, covered with trees and 
shrubbery, and commanding from many points picturesque 
scenery, and extensive \iews of the "River of Swans," which 
descending from the Alleghany mountains and winding 
its way for nearly 400 m. through a fertile and most attractive 
country, expands into Chesapeake bay. The environs of 
the city abound in the most eligible sites for villas and 
country seats, and such will doubtlessly be multiplied, as 
the great advantages of the metropolis become more ex- 
tensively known. 

The fli"st record in regard to the laying out of the city, is 
ft-om the pen of Washington, dated lllli March. 1771, and 
ill a letter dated 30lh April of the same year, he calls il the 
" Federal City." Its present name was adopted by the 
commissioners appointed to lay it out. The original pro- 
prietors, in consideration of tho benefits they expected to 
derive from the location of the seat of government, conveyed 
in trust to the commissioners, for the purpose of e8t;iblish- 
ing the city, the whole of their respective lands which 
were included within the city limits, upon condition that 
after retaining for the public the ground of the streets, and 
any number of squares that the president might think 
proper for public improvements or other public uses, the 
lots should be equally divided between the public and the 
respective proprietors. By this means the public obtained 
possession of more than 10,000 lots, from which, in addition 
to a donation of $192,000 from Marjiand and Virginia, funds 
were to be raised lo defray the expenses of the public build- 
ings, etc. The city was founded, and the comer-stone of 
the Capitol laid with Masonic honors, on the ISlh Sept, 1798, 
and the city was first occupied as the seat of government 
in 1800. 

The public buildings of Washington are the Capitol, the 
Executive Mansion, the State Offices, Treasury Buildings, 
War OfHccfl, Navy Offices, Offices of the Secretary of the 
Interior, Post-office, Office of the Attorney-general. Nation- 
al Observatory, the Arsenal, Na^■y Yard, Smithsonian Insti- 
tute, National Medical College, Columbian College, Coast 
Survey Office, City Hall, National Institute, numerous 
churches, the hotels, and many others devoted to a variety 
of useful, literary, and benevolent purposes. 

The Capitol is situate on an area of 80 acres, inclosed by 
an iron railing. The building stands on the western por- 
tion of this plat, and is so elevated as to command a view 
of the entire city, including Georgetown Heights, the wind- 
ings of the Potom.ac, and the city of Alexandria. It was 
commenced in 1793. During the embargo the works were 
suspended, and as the British subsequently demolished 
much of what had been accomplished, the government in 
1815 found it necessary to reconstruct the whole edifice. 
The exterior exhibits a rusticated basement of the height of 
the first story, the two other stories are comprised in a Co- 
rinthian elevation of pilasters and columns; these columns, 
which are 30 feet in height, form an advancing portico on 
the east, 100 feet in extent, the centre of which is crowned 
with a pediment of SO feet span: while a receding loggia, 
100 feet in extent, distinguishes tho centre of the west front. 
The building is surrouu'Ied by a balustrade of stone, and 
covered with a lofty dome in the centre, and a flat dome oq 



WAS 



■WAS 



each winjj. Tbe dimensions of the buil^Jing are; length of 
front 353 f*;et 4 inches, depUi of wings 121 feet 6 inches, and 
the height to the top of centre dome 145 feet- The cost up 
to 182S, when it msiy be said to have been completed, waa 
nearly 3'I,*'-'0,000. During the session of Congress 1S50-51, 
appropriations were made for the further enhirgement of 
the Capitol by the addition of two new wings of 23S by 140 
feet eaeh wing; an<l when these are eumplcted, the whole 
Capitol, including the space between the Mings and the 
main building, will cover an area of four and one-third 
acres. The corner stone of the uxtensiun was laid by Pres- 
ident Fillmore, on the 4th of July, ISTil, with Masonic cere- 
monies, on which occasion the Hon. Daniel "Webster deliv- 
ered a brilliant oration. 

The Senate Chamber is in the second story of the north 
wing, of a semicircular form, 75 feet long and 45 high; a 
screen of Ionic ciJunins, with capitals, support a gallery to 
the east, forming a h^ggiii below; and a galK-ry of iron pil- 
lars and railings of a light structure projects from the circu- 
lar walls, and the dome ceilings are enriched with square 
caissons of stucco. The walls are partially covered with 
drapery, and columns of breccia^ or Potom.ac marble, sup- 
port the eastern galler}-. The only painting which adorns 
the Senate Chamber is a portrait of Washington. 

The Hall of Representatives is also of a semicircular form, 
and of course much larger than the Senate Chamber. It is 
in the second story of the south wing, 96 feet long and 60 
feet high. It is surrounded with 24 columns of the variega- 
ted Potomac marble, with capitals of white Italian marble 
of the Corinthian order, and surmounting a base of free- 
stone, and the dome of the hall is painted in imitation of 
that of the Pantheon of Rome. From the centre of the 
dome hangs a massive gilt chandelier, and high over the 
speaker's chair, which is elevated and canopied, is placed 
the model of a colossal figure of Lifn'titj, supported by an 
eagle just ready to fly, the work of Italian artists named 
Causici and Valaperli. In front of the chair, and immedi- 
ately over the main entrance, stands a statue in marble rep- 
resenting History recording the events of the nation. She 
is placed on a winged car, rolling around a glolie, on which 
are delineated the signs of the Zodiac, and the wheel of the 
car is the face of the clock of the hall ; and this is also the 
work of a foreign artist named Franzoni. Two full-length 
portraits— one of Washington and one of Lafayette — adorn 
the walls on either side of the chair, and in every direction 
are displayed ample folds of crimson drapery. The galle- 
ries of this hall are so extensive as nearly to encircle it, and 
the general arrangement of the room is such as to render 
the members and the audience as comfortable as possible. 

The liotundo occupies the centre, and is 96 feet in diam- 
eter and the same number of feet high. The dome is hem- 
ispherical and filled with large plain caissons ; tbe room in 
its circuit is divided into eight panels, intended for paint- 
ings, seven of which are already filled ; and stationed be- 
tween these panels are four bas-relievos of historical sub- 
jects, one representing the Preservation of Citpt. Smith by 
Poeahontitfi, one the Landing of the Pilgrims on Ply- 
mouth Pock, one the Cimfiicts heticeen Daniel Boone and 
the Indians, and the other Penn's Treaty with the Indiana. 
In addition to these, specimens of scidpture are also dis- 
played, encircled with fliiral wreaths, the heads of r.''^^jH7'(fJ!!, 
Raleigh, La Salle, and (fVi/>of— all these productions of the 
chisel being from the hands of Causici and CapeUano. In 
niches on the outside of the east door are also two statues of 
colossal size representing Peace and UW/', from the chisel of 
Persico. Of the paintings, four are by Col. John Trumhtdl, 
one by Weir, one by Vanderlyn, and one by Chajmian 
— the order for the remaining vacancy not having yet been 
filled. The subjects of Trumbull's pictures are, the Decla- 
ration of Independence, the Surrender of General Bur- 
(7oy»^, the Surrender of Vie British A.rmy,co7n7nanded 
by Lord Coi^iwallis, at Yorktmcn^ in Virginia, and the 
Kesignatifm of General Washington at Annapolis. The 

86 



subjects of the remaining pictures are the Emhavhition of 
the Pilgrims from Leyden, by Weir; the Landing of Co- 
/h?/(/'».v, by Vanderlyn ; and the Baptiam of Po<-nhonias, 
by Chapman. As these illustrate scenes connected with 
the very earliest history of our country, none but the lead- 
ing figures arc to considered in the aspect of authentic 
portraits. 

The Congressional Library is unquestionably one of the 
chief attractions of the Capitol. The principal room, of 
which there are three, faces the W., and is a large and hand- 
some affair, 92 feet long, 34 wide, and 36 high; divided 
into twelve alcoves, ornamented with fluted pilasters, and 
in every direction are displayed portraits and hw^U, casea 
of medals, and other works of art. The number of volumes 
which it contains is aliout 50,000. The original library, 
which was collected under the direction of Mr. Gallatin 
and Mr. Mitchell, in ISOO, waa destroyed by tire during the 
last war, and that which now enriches the Capitol, was 
fijunded upon one which was purchased by Congress, in 
1S14, of Thomas Jeff.Tson, for $23,01)0. The yearly average 
increase is about 1,S00 volumes. The sum of f5,000 is an- 
nually appropriated by Congress for miscellaneous hooks, 
and $1,000 for law bonks. In 1S51 the hbrary lost many 
valuable works from an accidental Are. 

The apartment for the accommodation of the Supremo 
Court is an ill-arranged, inconvenient, and badly lighted 
room, in the basement under the Senate Chamber. It is 
semicircular in shape, with manifold arches; and on the 
wall is an emblem of -Tuslice, holding her scales, in bold 
relief, and also a figure of Fame crowned with the rising 
sun, and pointing to the Conslitulion of the United States. 
The members of the bar are accommodated with seals and 
desks in the body of the room ; and the justices occupy a 
row of elevated seats, and appear in their «^tfl5cial capacity 
clothed in black silk gowns or robes. 

In addition to the apartments of the Capitol already spe- 
cified, it should be mentioned, that there is also a large 
number of ordinary, but well-furnished ronms, which are 
occupied by the Vice-President, the Speaker of the House, 
and other officers, by the Postmasters of Congress, the Pub- 
lie Documents, and the comrfiittees of the two houses. 

The Capitol grounds are not only extensive, but are kept 
in the very neatest order, constituting one t)f the pleasantest 
and most popular resorts for promenading to be found in 
the metri>poli3. They command most eh,irming prospects 
of the surrounding country, are adorned with a great variety 
of American trees, fountains and basins of pure water en- 
liven them in various parts, and an air of superior refine- 
ment is given to thera by a number of pieces of stPtuary, 
the most attractive specimens being a statue of Washington, 
by Greenough, and a pair, of Columbus ami an Indian 
Woman, by Persico, the former occupying the centre of a 
square east of the Capitol, and the two others appropriate 
places on the eastern portico. 

Near the western entrance of the Capitol stands a monu- 
ment erected by the officers of the navy to the nvmory of 
their brother officers who fell in the war wilh Tripoli. It ia 
of marble, rises out of a poo! or basin of wal<r. and is 40 
feet high. On one side of the base is a view of Tripoli and 
the American fleet, on another the words. "To the memory 
of Somers, Caldwell, Decatur, Wordsworth, Dorsey, Is- 
rael," and on another side, a brief but comprehensive his- 
tory. At the base of the column are four mari)le emblem- 
atic figures— Mercury, Fame, History, and America; the 
column has also appropriate embellishments, and is sur- 
mounted by an eagle. 

The Executive Mansion is situated at the west end of the 
city, at the intersection of Pennsylvania, New York, Con- 
necticut, and Vermont aveimes. U occupies the centre of 
a plot of 20 acres, and has an elevation of 44 feet above the 
waters of the Potomac. The grounds an- parlially laid out 
in gardens, etc., but are still in an unfinished state. The 
mansion is 170 feet front and 86 feet deep, built of white 

906 



WAS 



freestone, wilh Ionic pilasters, cnmprehemiing two lofty 
Blories of ro'.iiis, crowned witli a stone Ijnluslrade Tlie 
north front is ornanicnied with a lofiy ponico of four Ionic 
columns in fVonl, and projectins wilh three colnmns The 
outer inter-colinniiiali,>n U for carriages to drive under and 
place company under shelter ; the middle space is for those 
vis.u.rs who come on fool-the steps from both leading to a 
broad plalforn. in front of the door of entrance. The ear- 
den front is varied by having a ntsticaled basement sfory 
ander the Ionic ordonnance, and by a semi-circular pr* 
eclmg colonnade of six colunms, will, two flight, of steps 
leadmg from the groun.i to the level of the principal story 
The .ntenor arrangements of the Executive Mansion are 
of course, elegant and convenient, well adapted to the va- 
rious purposes to which the building was designed 

the"prld™','' "/, "'"' ™"" '"'•'" ^mediately in front of 
the President's House, stands a bron.e statue of Thomas 

o the government by Capl. Levy of the United Stales Navy 
the present propri^jlor of Monticello, the former abode of 
Mr. .Jefferson. It is a handsome piece of slaluary, and in 
ds present position has quite a commanding appearance 
Directly across Pennsylvania Avenue from tK> above n'n: 
tioned square, is Lafayette Square, which has recently been 
wv;"„f "'"""' "J"''"-'' planted with new shrub- 
bery. Mdls equestrian statue of General .Tackson, which 
occupies us centre, is a work of superior merit. It is in 
brome, and cast from certain cannon captured by General 
Jackson m some of his military engagements 

The Slate Department, which stands north-east of the 
Presidenls House and within the same inclosurc, is a plain 

82 ™.ms It contains a handsome library of books, maps, 
and charts, numbering perhaps some 15,000 distinct work, 
which are indispensable in the performance of the exten 
8.ve and varied duties of the department. In addition to 
thi collectinn, the Copyright Bureau contains some 10 or 
12 100 volumes published in this country, which are kept 
with care as part and parcel of the archives of the govern- 
ment It IS Ihe department through which alone the dipir,. 
mane corps and all foreigners can hold any inlercoirse 
with the government of the United Slates, and is of course 
the head-quarters of all Ihe American ministers and consuls. 

itvonjT"?' ''"'"'™' ''■■""J*"'""' "-astern extrem- 
ity o the President's Square, so called, and is a stone edifice 
painted while, 340 feet long, and 170 wide, but when the 
northern and southern wings are added, it will be m feet 
n length. In front is an imposing colonnade, stretching 
the entire length of the building. It has three floors up f 
which business is transacted, on each of which are neariy 
fifty apartmenu. This is the department where all t e 
financial and commercial affairs of the country are atu-nded 

T. Si ^^^ '""■"'^ '' "'""''""^ '" 'Ws department, 
col t To ^JP''"" ™' building occupies the north-west 
conier of the President's Square, and is precisely similar in 
design to the State Department. It is Ihe head-quarters of 
all the officers of the army, and the mainspring of all the 
mdilary movements. This department comprises the War 
Office proper, the QuarU-nnaslcr's Department, the En- 
gineer's Department, Bureau of Topographical Engineers 
Ordnance Office, Subsistence Department, Pay Depart- 
ment, Medical Department, Office of Ailjulant-general, and 
the head-quarters of the Major-generai or nulitary Com- 
mander-in-chief of the Army. The War Department is 
furnished wilh a valuable library of some 10,000 volumes. 

The Navy Department building lies directly west of the 
President's House, and in the rear of the War Department- 
It has live bureaus, exclusive of the Secretary's office viz • 
Bureau of the Navy Yards and Docks, Bureau of Construe 
Uon, Equipment, and Eepair; Bureau of Provisions and 
Clothing, Bureau of Ordnance and Hydrography, and 
Bureau of Medicine and Surgery. 
906 



WAS 



thJmo^t'l'vT"'™' "'""■ '"''""'' " ""'"<^ Department, » 
he most exb-nsive connected wilh the governmenl The 
building Which it is destined to occupy is yet unfl" sh d, bu! 
w he, compleled, ,1 wUI be the most extensive and mo.s in 

p.<d bj one of the bureaus of the department (the PaWnt 
Ofllc ) a„j also by the museum of the National Inslilut^ 

ilie titles of the bureaus connected wilh the Inlerior De- 
partment are as follows : Land Office, Patent Office ,d an 
Office, and Pension Office. As its name indicates this d" 
partment has to do exclusively wilh all those matters bca^ 
ing upon the internal economy of the United Slates, and is, 
of course increasing in importance with every suecessivo 
jear. A library of some 5,000 volumes is attached to thU 
t^tTTr, '" ""= '""""' ^ioryof the building now oceu^ 
pied by the Patent Office, are the invaluable relics of Wash- 
inglon, including his camp chest, the Original Declaration 
of Independence, the gills presented from lime to time to 
the government by foreign powers, Franklin's printing 
press, a eolleelion of Indian portraits by King, the iLsiirJ 
of the National Institute, interesting memorials of the lato 
James Smithson, and the extensive and rare treasures se 
cured by the U. S. Exploring Expedition, under Captain 
Wilkes, in almost every department of national history and 
human ingenuity. Every thing here is open U, the inspec- 
tion of the public. In the first slory of the same buildin-. 
are collected all the models of the machines which have 
been patented since the foundation of the government. 

The Post-oace Department is of white marble, and after 
the Corinthian order. It is 3 stories high, an.l 204 feet long 
and 103 deep; it contains 27 rooms on each fl,>or, making 
81 m all. It occupies a central position in the cilv, near the 
Department of the Inlerior, both of which are about half a 
mile from the President's Square and the other depart- 
ments. '^ 

With regard to the Office of the Attorney-general, which 
we have classed wilh the Executive branches of ihe govern- 
ment, we have only to say that it derives ils chief atlraclion 
from the person who may occupy it, who must be, of neces- 
sity, a man of distinguished ability. Booms are assigned to 
him in the Treasury building, and it is to him that all knot- 
ty questions, in all the departments, are submitti-d for final 
selllemenL 

The National Observatory is silualed on Ihe banks of the 
Potomac, in an oblique direction from the President's 
House, toward Georgetown. The site is a beautiful one, 
having a commanding view of Washington and George- 
town, of the Potomac river, and surrounding country as 
far down as Fort Washington, opposite to Mount Vernon. 
It IS a naval institution, under the control and management 
of Lieutenant M. F. Maury, U. S. N. The force employed 
at It consists principally of naval officers. Besides the as- 
tronomical duties of the eslablishmeiM. here are kept aU the 
nautical books, charts, and instruments belonging to the 
navy. The apartment in which the chronometers are kept 
IS a very interesting one. Before one of these instruments is 
purchased by government, it is required to be put on trial by 
the Superinlenilent of the Observatory for one year; during 
which period it is compared daily with the great astronomi- 
cal clock of the Ob.servalory, which regulates the time for 
the whole city. The temperature of the room in which it is 
kept IS also carefully observed, and recorded every day 
The tesi is a severe one, and in case the instrument fails to 
come up to it, it is returned to the maker at the end of 
the year. The observations on the temperature in eonnec- 
lion with the performance of the chronometer, enable the 
maker to improve the instrumcnl, and on a second trial of 
another year it rarely fails to p.iss, There are from 60 to 
100 chronometers always in this room, all of which are 
daily wound, and compared and treated in the manner de- 
scribed. Thus a complete and minute history is kept of 
each one. Here also are conducted the celebrated re- 
searches connected with the "wind and current charts" 



WAS 



the habits of Ihe whnle, ami a variety of phenomena con- 
nected with the sreat ilecp. The National Observatory of 
Washington occnpies a high rank among the observatories 
of the world, there being but two— those of Russia and 
Greenwich-superior to it. The largest telescope, called 
the equatorial, is a 14 feel refractor, with an object-glass of 
9 inches. It is mounted in the revolving dome on the top 
of the main building: ami is so arranged with clock -work 
and machinery, that being directed to a star in the morning, 
it may be left alone, when on returning to it in the evening, 
it will have followed the path of the star so exactly, that it 
will be found still pointing to the star, and the star will be 
visible through it. With its powers the stars are visible at 
mid-day. In one room below are the meridian an.i mural 
circles ; in another, the transit instrument: in another, the 
prime vertical instrument : and In another yet, the great 
refraction circle, invented by the superintendent: it is made 
by Ertel .& Son, Munich, and taken alt..gether is, perhaps, 
one of the finest instruments anywhere to be found. But 
perhaps the most wonderful object at this interesting estab- 
lishment is the electro-chronograph, invented by Dr. Locke, 
of Cincinnati. It is in the room with the transit inslrument. 
and is so arranged, by its connection with an electrical bat- 
tery in the buihling, that its ticks may be heard in any part 
of the country to which the magnetic wires lead, provided 
they be put in connection with it. Thus it may be made of 
itself to record the time, and in such a manner, that the as- 
tronomer in Boston, New Orleans, or elsewhere, will know 
it, and tell the time of day by his clock, as well as one who 
stands before it and reads the hands on its face. The Ob- 
servatory regulates the time for 'Washington and George- 
town by the falling of a ball. At ten minutes before mean 
noon every day. a large black ball is hoisted to a flag staff, 
standing on the lop of the dome. This is to give warning 
for those who wish to get the emct time of the day to look 
out. Precisely at twelve the ball drops. The whole city is 
informed of the exact time. 

■ The Arsenal occupies a Bne position on the extreme 
southern point of the city (called Greenlears Point), at the 
junction of the eastern branch with the Potomac, com- 
manding a beautiful and extensive view, over a broad ex- 
panse of wau-r, toward the cities of Washington and 
Georgetown on the N., and Alexandria on the S. The 
channels of both rivers ranning near the Arsenal shore, 
afford all requisite facilities for receiving and shipping ord- 
nance and other military stores. Although this site was 
originally reserved for the purpose of an arsenal, it was not 
occupied by any building of importance until after the 
peace of 1S14, when the building of the present establish- 
ment was commenced under the direction of the late Col. 
George Bomford. Vrom the small square embraced in the 
first plan, the buildings have been gradually extended until 
they occupv nearly the whole reservation, and form one of 
the principal arsenals of construction in the United States. 
The workshops contain muchusefid and ingenious machin- 
ery, propelled by steam, for manufacturing gun-carriages 
and equipments for artillery, and for preparing ammunition 
of all kinds. Among these may be noticed particularly the 
machines for planing and boring iron and wood, those for 
tenoning and morticing the spokes and hubs of wheels ; 
Blanchard's ingenious lathe for turning irregular forms in 
wood, such as spokes, axe-handles, etc. ; the machinery for 
making leaden bullets by pressing them out of the bar-lead 
instead of casting them ; and, above all, the beautiful ma- 
chine for making and eh.arging percussion caps for small 
arms, invented by Mr. George Wright, a workman at the 
Arsenal. By this last-mentioned machine, a sheet of cop- 
per being inserted on one side, and some percussion pow- 
der put in a hopper on the other, the finished caps are pro- 
duced without any further agency of the workman. In the 
spacious storehouses of the Arsenal are to be seen arms and 
equipments for the troops ; also a large number of gun-car- 
riages, and other apparatus for the service of the artillery in 



WAS 

the forts and in the field, from the ponderous Colnmbiad for 
the defense of the coast, to the little mountain howitzer, 
which may be transported, with its miniature smith's forge, 
on the back of a mule. The model ofBce contains a collec- 
tion of models or patterns of the various arms and military 
equipments used in our seri-ice, and also of such of those 
used in the armies of other nations as have been obtained 
by the ordnance department. Here may also be seen some 
specimens of "Id and new inventirms, repeating arms, re- 
volvers, etc., which have been suggested at home or abroad 
by the organ of destructiveness. In the gun lot are ar- 
ranged many pieces of ordnance and piles of balls, mostly of 
heavy calibre for the armament of the forts. In front of the 
old Arsenal Square a small collection of foreign brass can- 
non will attract the notice of the visitor, who will perceive 
by the inscriptions that some of them are trophies of the 
success of our arms at Saratoga, Torktown, Niagara, and 
Vera Cruz. The guns ami cannons of Duncan's Acid-bat- 
tery, which performed distinguished services on nearly 
every field of battle in the Mexican War. are likewise pre- 
served at the Arsenal as a saluting battery. On the W. side 
of the Arsenal grounds, near the river, are 2 pyramidal 
structures, which often attract the curiosity of visitors, and 
of persons passing by the Arsenal. These buildings con- 
tain an apparatus called a Ballistic Pen.lulum. which is 
used for testing the force of gunpowder when fired in heavy 
ordnance, and also for trying many other interesting experi- 
ments in gunnery. 

The Navy Yard is situated on the " Anacostia," a branch 
of the Potomac r., at the southern termination of Eighth 
Street, east. It was established in the year ISOO. The area 
covers about 20 acres, and is inclosed by a substantial brick 
waU, having a principal entrance at the f.mt of Eighth 
Street, through a handsome arched gateway. Several com- 
fortable residences have been erected for the accommoda- 
tion of the commodore, the executive officers, the first lieu- 
tenant, surgeon, sailing-master, boatswain, and gunner, 
WDose'ofHcral duties require their constant attendance in 
the yard. The mechanical operations of this establishment 
are various and extensive, and the skill of the workmen and 
the excellence of the materials employed have been satis- 
factorily tested in every sea. Anchors of all sizes, for the 
naval service, are manufactured by the use of two heavy 
steam hammers (termed the " Nasmyth Hammer"), one of 
which weighs 8,000 pounds, the other 2,240 pounds. The 
forces for this work are kept in blast by a fan-blower at- 
tached to the steam-engine in the machinist's department. 
There is also in operation, in the anchor department, adirecl 
action steam-hammer (called the "Kirk Hammer"), in con- 
neclion with a blast-furnace for working up into looms and 
bars all the scrap iron of the navy. The massive chain- 
cables are made in another shop, which is provided with a 
powerful livdrostatic press for testing their strength. These 
cables are'highly esteemed for their superior finish, great 
strength, and durability. Another department is engaged 
in the manufacture of galleys, cabooses, and copper powder- 
tanks and of the various kinds of brass work appertaming 
to ships of war. The different machines employed in roak- 
in» these articles are driven by a steam-engine of about 15 
ho'rse-pow.r. A brass f mmlry is connected with this range 
of buildings on the eastern side of the yard. A large and 
extensive "iron foundry has recmtly been erected of sufB- 
cient capacity and with the necessary facilities for molding 
and casting the heaviest work. Connected with this foun- 
dry are the machines for boring, turning, and planing the 
steam cylindere and other mas.sive machinery required for 
the naval service. Adjoining the iron foundry are the ord- 
nance and boiler-making d.'partmenls, which are provided 
with a steam-engine of about 12 horse-power. 1'he ord- 
nance department is engaged in the fabrication of light 
brass ordnance, howitzers for boat and land service, of shot 
and shells, percussion-caps, musket and pistol balls, etc. 
1 Some of this machinery U very ingenious and highly inte> 



WAS 



WAS 



esling. The boiler shop contains all the machinery neces- 
sary for the construction of boilers. Close by this range of 
buildings is a very extensive machine-shop, in which are 
placed all the tools required in the manufaclure of steam- 
engines and machinery of every description. When com- 
pleted it will affortl room ft»r the employment of from 150 to 
200 workmen. Attached to this shop is an engine of 60 
horse-power, which also gives motion to the block-making 
machinery, and to the fan-blowers of the anchor-making 
departmenL On the wes-tern side of the yar<l is the pyro- 
technical laboratory, in which are prepared all the articles 
for the navy appropriate to this department. There are 
two large ship-houses for building ships, under one of 
which is about to be constructed a marine railway for 
hauling up steamers for repair. The grounds are beauti- 
fully laid out, the avenues shaded with fine trees, the plats 
neatly inclosed, and the whole preserved in handsome 
order. 

The Smithsonian Institution was founded upon a bequest 
of more than half a million of dollars made to the United 
States by an Englishman named James Smithson. The 
object of the bequest, according to his will, was "to found 
at Washington, under the name of the Smithsonian Institu- 
tion, an establishment for the increase and diffusion of 
knowledge among men." On the 1st of July, 1836, Con- 
gress solemnly accepted this important trust, and the money 
was paid into the Treasury of the United States iu 1S38. 
The Act of Congress establishing the Institution as it now 
exists, was passed in 1S46. The Institution is situated on 
the Mall, below the Capitol ; and though the edifice is yet 
in an unfiriished state, it presents a noble appearance, and 
is unquestionably one of the great attractions of ihe metrop- 
olis. The style of the architecture is the Romanesque, the 
material a reddish freestone of fine grain ; its extreme length 
is 4o0 feet, its width 140 feet, and it has nine towers, varying 
in height from 75 to 150 feet. The grounds which surround 
it are very extensive, and are now in progress of being 
beautified. The library room is capable of holding 100,000 
volumes. The building is supplied with a lecture-room, 
which will seat 1,200 persons; and its museum is 200 feet 
long ; its rooms for chemical experiments are more spacious 
and convenient than any to be found in the country ; and in 
the western wing, which is 120 feet long, will hereafter be 
located a gallery of art. 

Tht^ Washington Monument stands on the Mall, between 
the President's House and the Potomac, and embraces the 
idea of a grand circular colonnaded building, 250 feet in di- 
ameter, loo feet high, from which springs an obelisk shaft, 
70 feet in diameter at the base, and 500 feet high, making a 
total elevation of COO feet. The vast rotundo, forming the 
grand base of the monument, is surrounded by 30 columns 
of massive proportions, 12 feet in diameter, and 45 feet high, 
elevated upon a base of 20 feet in height and 300 feet square, 
surmounted by an entablature 20 feet high, and crowned 
by a massive balustrade 15 feet in height. The terrace out- 
side the colonnade is 25 feet wide, and the walk within the 
colonnade 25 feet The front portico is adorned with a tri- 
umphal car and statue of the illustrious chief; and over 
each column around the entire building are sculptured es- 
cutcheons, coats of arms of each State of the Union, sur- 
rounded by bronze civic wreaths, banded together by fes- 
toons of oak-leaves, while the centre of the portico is em- 
blazoned with the coat of arms of the United States. Around 
the rotundo are stationed statues of the Signers of the Dec- 
laration of Independence: in niches prepared for the pur- 
pose, statues of Ihe Fathers of the lievolution, cotemporary 
with Washington ; and directly opposite to the entrance is 
placed a statue of Washington himself. The interior of the 
shaft is embt-llished with a great variety of inscriptions ; at 
one point it is ornamented with four of the leading events 
of Washington's career, sculptured in ba.%w rtUeco, above 
which is placed a single star, emblematic of the glory which 
the name uf Washington has attained : and in the centre of I 
90S 



the monument will be placed the tomb of the Father of his 
Country. 

'I he National Medical College, instituted in 1S23, is now 
in successful operation. It was, until a few years past, 
known as the Medical Department of the Columbian Col- 
lege, from which institution it derives its authnriiy to con- 
fer degrees, under an act of incorporation from Ihe Con- 
gress of the United States. The requisites for graduating 
arci that the candidate shall have attended the lectures of 
each professor two full courses, or one full course in this 
school, and one full course in some other respectable insti- 
tution. He must have a fair moral character, and he shall 
have dissected during at least one session. He shall have 
entered his name with the dean of the faculty as a candi- 
date for graduation, and delivered to him an inaugural 
dissertation upon some medical subject, thirty days before 
the close of the session, and pass a satisfactory examina- 
tion. 

The Columbian College, which was incorporated in 1S21, 
is beautifully situated on an eminence, adjoinuig the City 
Corporation, on the north, and on Fourteenth Street, west- 
It is a fine brick edifice, four stories high, and overlooks the 
city, the Capitol, and other public buildiugs; and com- 
mands a fine view of the Potomac, with the surrounding 
country, for many miles in extent. In beauty and hcalih- 
fulness of position, it is unsurpassed; and its local advant- 
ages are such as no other situation in the country can afford. 
The College has a good library, a valuable philosophical 
apparatus, and other means and facilities for pursuing a 
thorough and liberal course of studies. The last catalogue 
(.1S50) embraces a president, and twelve professors and 
teachers — including those of the National Medical College, 
which is under the same corporation— 100 students, and be- 
tween 200 and 300 alumni. 

The Coast Survey Office Buildings, occupied for the use 
of the United States Coast Survey, are situated on the west 
side of New Jersey Avenue, about a sixth of a mile from the 
Capitol. They consist of four old houses, in a block, pre- 
senting a decidedly rusty exterior, and in no way looking 
like public buildiugs. 

The National or Congressional Burial Ground, situated 
about one mile east of the Capitol, embraces about ten acres, 
commands an extensive view of the country, and is well 
inclosed with a brick wall, laid out with taste, and beautified 
with trees and shrubbery. It was located in lSu7, and has 
since been in the keeping of an incorporated company. The 
monuments are manifold, and many of them beautiful ; and 
in addition to several private vaults is one spacious and 
well constructed, inclosed by a neat railing, built by the 
order and the expense of Congress, as a place of deposit for 
the dead whose remains it may be the purpose of friends 
subsequendy to remove. 

The City Hall, the official home of the City Fathers, was 
commenced in 1S20, and finished in 1850, it having remained 
a kind of ruin during most of the intervening time. It is a 
large and handsonie edifice, and occupies a commanding 
position on Judiciary Square, is 200 feet in length, and after 
the stucco style of architecture. The Circuit and Criminal 
Courts hold their sessions in this hall ; also the members of 
the City Councils. The mayor has his office here, and bo 
also have a large number of the city attorneys. 

The Public Schools of Washington are quite numerous: 
of free public schools there are four, with quite a large 
retinue of primary schools, which are carried on at an 
annual expense of about $12,000. Select schools and sem- 
inaries for the education of both sexes also exist in difierent 
parts of the city, several of them of a high and established 
character. Public attention has been strongly directed to 
these institutions, and perhaps in no other city are there to 
be found superior advantages of education, which are an- 
nually on the increase. There are also several excellent 
boarding-schools in Washington,, and two or three in 
Georgetown. 



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The National Institute WM foundeJ in 154", .'md has for 
i,5 object the promotion of science in all '''■P^'rtmen'f . " 
holda its meetings and Ua, iu, head-quarters at 'he Patent 
Office. It has a miscellaneous library of nearly 4 000 ^ ols 
pamphlets, maps and charts, v,ith a few mterestmg raan- 
U3cripl3, and in the cabinet are many medals and coins. The 
Ubrary is always open to the impeclion of the public. 

The Metropolis is ,vell supplied with churches, and con- 
Biderin.. il. extent is quite as well supplied with eloquent 
prea ters as any city in the Union. Of Baptist churches 
^re are fo"r-one on Tenth Street, one on E., and two on 
^linia Avenue ; their congregations are all large, and their 
pas:,rs popular. Of Catholic churches 'here are four-b. 
MatlheWs, on II. street ; SU Peter's, on Second ; bt Ff-^^^ 
rV.l and St. Mary's, on Fifth. Of Episcopal churches 
there ^re five, viz. : Christ church, on a Street; St. John s, 
on H ; Trini.v', on Third ; Epiphany, on G ; and Ascens.ott, 
on U TbJ Trinity church edifice is the handsomest 
devoted to religion, in the city. In this church, as indeed 
in all other churches of the city, a certain numbc o pe s 
Ze as.K'ncd to strangers. St. John's church stands directly 
Tfron of the President's House. There is also one Quaker 
meeting held in the city on I Street; and two Lutheran 
rhurehes the English on U Stree^ and the German on G 
SUeet or Methodist churches there are seven in the city- 
one on 4th, one on 14th, one on 6th, one on Massachusetts 
Ivenue one on Maryland Avenue, one on 9th Street, and one 
on WinTa Avenue. Of Presbyterian churches there are 
Z-^L on F Street, one on 8th Street, one on 4* Stree , 
™e on H, and two on 9th Street. There is also one TJni- 
Lnan ch-eh in the city, on D Street; and o colored 
di"rches, there ore some half do.en scattered about the city. 
HoteL are quite numerous, but not sufflcenUy so, even 
now to aeconimodale the public. WUh one or two uuim- 
nortint exceptions, they are all situated on Pennsylvau.a 
A^nue The names of the principal ones are 'he National 
Ho etBrown's Hotel, Willord's Hotel, Gadsby's llote , Uie 
frv ng Hotel, the United States Hotel, the Potomac Iloe^ 
and Tyler's Hotel. The finest hotel edifice in Washington 
U that recently erected by Mr. Brown, which is very arge. 
and ha3 a beautiful marble front. All these ho.els o^e 
"upplied with the best of a flrst-r-ate market, and with 
numerous and generally accommodating servant.. From 
tte dol of each, the s.r,anger may at almost any inoment 
^ep mto a convement and elegant omnibus an go ^ 
almost any part of the city be may desire. Pop. m ISOO, 
Sawtiu ISIO, 8,203; in 1820, 13,247; in 1330, 18,827; m 
1840 23,364; and in 1850,40,001. . , . ,, 

The gene;al statistics of Washington wiU be found under 
the caption of DisTKioT or CoLU.MBiA. ,..,,;.. 

Washisotos, p. v., and cap. Hempstead county, ^rJ.. 
101 m S W L ttle Rock. It contains the county buildings, 
iu united Si^es land office, stores, etc. The " Washington 

Jn^rL, 49 m. E. N. E. YalUJo. In 1862, tt contained 
4 hotels. 2 stores, and 8 foundries. 

w!8BiNGTo>-, L and p. v., Litchfield county. Conn. : S2 m. 
W bt S Hartfo'rd. Surface elevated. Drained by Shepaug 
^:er on which the v. is situate. It contains 3 church s and 
a fl^to" of satinets. The t. also contains several m>Us, and 
quarries of limestone and marble^ Pop. of t 1,80.. 

Wasbikgton, p. v., and cap. W.Ikes county, Ga. . 52 m. 
sTby N Miledge;ille. It contains a brick court-honae 
and aU, 1 bank, an' academy, 3 ehurches, Masomc ha 1, el. 
The "Washington Gazette" is issued weekly^ The con^ 
slruction of a branch P.. E. from the Georgia K. P.. to th« 
place is contemplated. Pop. about S50. .,„„,„„,. 

•^ Wasbinoton, p. o., Tazewell co., ffi. ; on E. side of Hoi- 
land's Grove, 62 m. N. by E. Springfield. 

Wasblsotos, p. v., and cap. Davuss c ., [«"•■*"'• ^ 
of W fork of White r., 90 m. S. W. by S. Iii'l'^'n^PO'"- " 

coolins g.«d county buddings and 5 churche.. It was 



laid out in 1317. The •' Literary Journal" is here published. 
Pop. 2.678. , „ 

Wasiiingtos, p. v., and cap. Washington countj, la. : E 
side of Adams creek, 25 m. S. by W. Iowa City. It is ■"■ell 
situated on a fine prairie, contains the county buildings, etc., 
and is a thriving v. The Dubuque and Keokuk K. 1.. will 
pass through the place. Pop. 742. 

Wasbkgtok, p. v., and cap. Masoti county, Ky. : CO m. 
E N E. Frankfort. It contains the county buildings, 4 
ehiu-ches, an academy, etc. The Lexington and MaysviUe 
R. P.. passes through it. Pop. about 650. 

WAsnisGTOK. p. v., St. Landry par., La. : on E. bank of 
Vennillion r., 5'2i m. W. by N. Baton Kouge. It is at the 
head of steamboat navigation, contains several stores, tt 
Catholic church, elc. Pop. about 250. 

WAsnmCTOs, I. and p. v., Lincoln county. Me. : li miles 
E S E Aumjsla. Drained by branches of Muscongus r., 
one of which rises in a large pond in the centre of the t N. 
of the T. Pop. of 1. 1,766. ,r , ,T ™ 

Wasuikotos, t. and p. v., Warren Co., S. Ji>r.. 37 m. 
N by W Trenton. Drained by the Museonetong r., -which 
bounds it on the S. E., and Pohatcong creek. Population 
oft. 1,667. . „ \ 

Wasiunctok, t., p. v., and sta., Berkshire county. Mam. . 
104 miles W. Boston. Surface very diversified ; soil best 
adapted to grazing. The Western E. E. passes through the 
v., 13 m. from PilUifield, 40 m. from Springfield, 133 m. from 

Boston. Pop. of t. 953. ,,. i ta „, -p 

Wasuington, t. and p. a, Macomb CO., Mich.. 76 m. E. 
Lansin^ This Is one of the most fertile and best cullivated 
agricutoal townships in the co. Drained by branches of 
ainton r. In its N. E. comer is the thriving v. of Eomeo. 

'' wI'b^nI'^k, p. o., Adams CO., M!...: B m E, Natchez^ 
S'^> m S W. by W. Jackson. Lat. 31° 36' N. ; long. 91° 20- 
W. It contains 2 academies, 2 churches, stores, etc. Fop 

about 400. ,, - , . ., 

Wasoinotos, p. v., Franklin connty. Mo. : on S. bank of 
Missouri r., 63 m. E. Jefferson City. 

WAsmxGTON, t. and p. v., Sullivan Co., N. JTa,,,p. : 27 m^ 
W by S Concord. Drained by Ashuelot and Contoocook 
rivers, which rise from large ponds, of which the town con- 
tains sixteen, abounding with fish, and sunrounded by beau- 
liful scenery. Surface hilly ; soil moist and deep. Pop. of 

'■ Wasbtngtox, t and p. o.. Duchess Co., A^ K; 60 m. S. 
Albany. Surface r..lling and hilly. Drained by smaU 
creeks. Contains several cotton factories, tanneries, with 
flouring, grist, and saw mills. Pop. 2,805. 

WasbiSgtoh. p. v., port of entry, and cap. Beaufort co., 
V Car ■ on N. side of Tar r, at its entrance mto Pamlico 
r ' 91 m' E bv S. Raleigh. It contains the eourl-house. jad, 
3 churches, and 5 banks, cap. $300,000. The " North Slate 
■ttTii^" is tesued weekly. Vessels drawing 9 feet waler can 
come to lis whar^-es. The tottd tonnage of Washington dis- 
trict on June 30th, 1850, -was 6,T03 tons, chiefly employed in 
the coasting trade. Pop. of v. about 1 ,S00. 

WAsmNGTON-, p. v., and cap. Fayette co, Ono: 81 m. 
S >; W Columbus. It contains the eonnly buddings, etc, 
^nd'a branch of Ihe State hank of Ohio, and is on Ihe hne 
of the Cincinnati, Wilmington, and Zanesville «• E- Jhe 
°. Fayette New Era" (whig) is here published. P-.p. 509. 

Wabhingtok, I. and p. v., Guemsc-y county, Ohw: ,9 m. 
E.^rrColu;bas. Pop. of V. 767; pop. of t. Including 

" W «m" TON, p. b., and cap. "Washington county, /•.»«.; 
170 miles W. Harrisburg. It contains the court-house and 
jail, a female academy, and 5 churches. Washington Col- 
Le here located, was chartered in 1806; m 1^.50 it had 9 
in:i,;tctors,137 student 441 alumni, and 3,800 volumes m 
its libraries. The b. also contains a woolen factory, with 
Various manufacturing eslablishmen.,. nivl 1 '-t^, capital 
$P20,000. Three newspapers are published, J^ie Com- 



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monwealth"(wlitg), "W. Reporter" (whig), and ""W. Ex- 
aminer" (tleni.) The Ilempfleld R. R. passes through this 
place. Pop. in 1S40, 2,062 ; io 1S50, 2,662. 

Washi>-(;ton, p. v., and cap. Kliua co., Tenn, : on W. side 
Tennessee r., los in. E. S. E. Nashville. It contains the co. 
buildings, several stores, etc Pop. about 160. 

Washlngtos, p. v., and one of the caps. Washington co., 
Tex.: on "W". bank oP Brazos river, opposite the mouth of 
Kavasoto r., 94 m. E. Austin City. The "Lone Star," semi- 
weekly, and '"Texas Ranger," weekly, are published at 
this place. It is beautifully situated on high pust-oak land ; 
and the surrounding countrj', being diversified by numerous 
hills, presents delightful scenery. It contains a court-house 
and jail, stores, etc. 

Wasuingion, t and p. v.. Orange county, Yemi.: 19 ra. 
S. E. by S. Muntpelier. Soil fertile ; drained by several 
small creeks. The inhal)ilants are chiefly engaged in farm- 
ing, etc. The v. is neatly built. Pop. of t. 1,34S. 

"WAsiiiNaToN, p. v., and cap. Rappahannock co., Virg. : 
87 m. N. N. W, Richmond. It contains the co. buildings, 
several stores, an academy, and church. Pop. about 400. 

WASniNGToN lake, Tolo county, Calif. : 52 m. N. N. E. 
Yallejt), 8 m. long, and IJ m. wide. 

Washington College, p. o., Washington county, Tenn. : 
231 miles E. Nasliville. Washington College, here located, 
was founded in 1795 ; in 1350 it had 3 professors, 116 alumni, 
22 students, and 1,800 volumes in its libraries. 

Washington Hollow, p. a, Duchess co., y. Y. : 62 ni. 
S. Albany. 

Washington Mills, p. o., Oneida county, JT. 1". ; 80 m. 
W.N. W.Albany. 

WAsniNGTONViLLE, p. V. and sta., Baltimore co., Md. : on 
Baltimore and Susquehanna ll. R., 6 m. N, Baltimore. 

Washingtonville, v. and sta., Orange co., X. Y, : on 
Newburg Branch R. R., 12 m. Newburg, 7 m. Chester. 

Washingtonville, p. v., Columbiana co., Ohio ; 128 m. 
N. v.. by E. Columbus. 

Washingtonville, p. v., Montour co., Penn.: 54 m. N. 
by E. Harrisburg. 

Washita county, Ark. Situate S., and contains 815 sq. 
m. Drained by Washita r. and its branches. Surfaco gen- 
erally even ; soil fertile, and adapted to cotton. Timber is 
fbund in some quantity. Farms 697; manuf. 1; dwedl. 
1,122, and pop.— wh. 6,235, fr. coL 0, si. 8,304— total 9,591. 
CapiUd: Camden. 

Washita parish. La. Situate N., and contains 752 sq. m. 
Drained by Washitar. and its branches. Surface diversified ; 
much of the land is covered with pine timber, and a portion 
ofit is rendered unfit for cultivation on account of its low situ- 
ation ; soil, where fit f.>r tdlage, is productive. Staples, cotton 
and Indian corn. Farms 242; manuf. 4, dwell. 442, and pop. 
—wh. 2,293, fr. col. 7, si. 2,703— total 5,008. Capitnl : Monroe. 

Washita, p. o., Grayson county, Tex.: 237 m. N. by E. 
Austin City. 

Washtenaw county, 3fich. ' Situate S. E. of the South- 
ern Peninsula, and contains 720 sq. m. Drained by the 
Huron, Saline, Macon, and Raisin rivers, and Mill, Honey, 
Mullet's and Paint creeks. Surface slightly undulating, and 
diversified with numerous lakes ; soil very productive, being 
a rich black loam with clay intermixed. There is some 
prairie land and some good timber in the co. Fine water- 
power is suppUed by the branches of Huron and Raisin 
rivers. The principal productions are wheat, Indian corn, 
and potatoes. Agriculture is the leading pursuit. Farms 
2,543; manuf. 154; dwell. 5,142, and pop.— wh, 28.343, fr. 
col. 224— total 28,567. Cajritul : Ann Arbor. Public 
Woik:s: Michigan Central R. R. 

Wassaic. p. o. and sta., Duchess co., AT. Y. : on the Har- 
lem R. R., 85 m. from New York, 69 m. from Albany. 

Wassawa lake. Wise. : in S. W. part of La Pointe co,, 
7 m. long, and 4 m. wide, connecting by short outlet with 
St. Croix river. 

Wassonville, p. 0., Washington co., Vtrg. 
910 



Watab, p. v., Benton co., Jlinn. Ter.: on E. bank of 

Mississippi r., opposite the mouth of Watab r., 72 m. N. W. 
St. Paul ; by the river 82 miles. It was laid out in 1S50 by 
Messrs. Oilman, Vincent, and Co. This wiw the highest 
point attained by the volunteers in the Winnebago cam 
paign of 1850. 

Wataeeb river, S. Car.: rises in N. Car., but in that 
State is called the Catawba. In S. Car. it flows through the 
N. central portion of the State, in general course S. by E., 
and near the centre of the State it unites with Congaree r., 
forming Santee river. 

Watauga county, N. Car. Situate N. W., and contains 
548 sq. ra. Drained by Stony fork of Yadkin r., and afflu- 
ents of New river. Surface mountainous, having the Blue 
Ridge passing through it; soil in the valleys and most of 
the level portions is fertile, and adapted to grain. It is well 
wooded. Farms 442 ; manuf. 1 ; dwell. 509, and pop.— wh. 
8,242, fr. col. 29, si. 129— V)tal 3,400. Capital : Boone. 

Watauga Bend, p. o., Washington co., Tenn. : 242 m, 
E. by N. Nashville. 

Watensaw, p. 0., Monroe co., Ark, : 60 m. E. Little Bock. 

Wateeboro', t. and p. v., York co.. Me. : 72 m. S. W. 
Augusta. Surface diversifled ; drained by head branches 
of Mousum r., and by Little Ossipee r. The inhabitants are 
mainly engaged in farming, etc. The York and Cumber- 
land R. R. will pass through S. E. part of the town. Pop. 
of t. 1,989. 

Watekboro' Centee, p. 0., York co.. Me. : 71 m. S. W. 
Augusta. 

Watebbueg, p. o., Tompkins co., 2^. Y. : 148 m. W. by 8. 
Albany. 

Waterbuet, t, p. b., and sta.. New Haven co., Conn.: 
on both sides of Naugatuck r., 19 m. N. N.W. New Haven, 
25 m. S.W. Hartford. The Naugatuck It. R. passes through 
the V. 32 m. from Bridgeport 30 m. from Winsted. The t. 
has generally a rough surface. The Naugatuck r. and its 
branches afford great water-power, well improved by nu- 
merous factories. Of these, the principal are — that of the 
" American Pin Company," which (with another at Pough- 
keepsie, are the only ones of the kind in the Union) has 
a capital of $100,000, employing 150 operatives ; three fac- 
tories of gilt and plated buttons, silver ware, etc. ; India- 
rubber webbing factories ; rolling mills of brass and copper, 
making articles of all sorts, and tlie woolen factories. The 
manufacturing interests of this place have for several years 
been steadily and rapidly increasing. During 1851 and '52, 
21 manufacturing establishments were organized with an 
aggregate capital of over $1,000,000. The capitalists thus 
interested, and the citizens generally, are among the most 
enterprising in the State. The I), is generally well built, 
with many elegant dwellings. It contains a bank, with a 
capital of $510,000, two flrst-class hotels, a good high-school, 
with fine building, and 6 churches, of which the Episcopal 
Society has a superior church edifice. The " Waterbury 
American" (fam.) is issued weekly. Pop. of t. in 1840, 8,6G8 ; 
in 1S50, 5,137. 

Waterbory, p. V. and sta., Washington co., Venn. .• 12 m. 
N. W. Montpelier. Drained by Waterbury river and other 
branches of Onion r., which bounds it on the S. W. The v. 
near Onion r. is neatly built, and contains 2 chnrcheg. The 
Vermont Central R. E. passes through it S3 m. from Wind- 
sor, 69 m. from Rouse's Point. The "Industrial Excelsior'* 
(advertising) is issued weekly. Pop. of t. 2,852. 

Wateeford, t., p. v., and sta., New London co., Co7in. : 
89 m. S. E. Hartford. Bounded S. by Long Island Sound, 
and E. by Thames r. Surface uneven ; soil gravelly loam. 
Drained by J<)rdan and Niantic rivers, the latter flowing 
into Niantic bay, which sets up from the sound 4 miles — !s 
navigable for sloojjs, and is quite a resort for fisbermeD. 
The village, situate centrally 5 m. W. New Loniion. is neat- 
ly built. The sta. is on the New Haven and New London 
E. R., 4 m. S. W. New Lombm. Pop. of t. 2.262. 

Wateeford, t and p. v., Oxford co., Me. : 49 m.Wi by S. 



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Augusta. The u contains numerous large ponds, with level 
surface and fertile soil. Crooked river flows through its N. 
and N. E. parL Pop. of L 1,448. 

AVatekfokd, p. v.. Racine co., TFi.sc. ; on E. side Fox r., 
65 ra. E. S. E. Madison. 

■\Vatep.ford. L and p. o., Oakland county, Jfich. : 60 m. 
E. by S. Lansing. It contains a large number of pontls, 
which with their tributaries and outlets water it abundant- 
ly; aisoi large flouring-mills. Pop. 1,(IS5. 

Waiekfoud, p. v.. Marshall co.. Mif^s.: on small branch 
of Tallahalcliie r., 165 ni. N. by E. Jackson. 

Waterford, p. o., Fulton county, lU.: on E. side Si)00u 
river, 44 ni. N. W. by N. Springfield. 

Waterford, p. 0., Spencer county, Ay. ; 29 m. S. W. 
Frankfort 

■W'atekfurd, I., p. v.. and sta,, Saratoga co., 2^. Y. : 10 m. 
N. Albany. Bounded E. by Hudson r., and W.by Moliawk 
river, which unite at S. end of the I Surface rolling; soil 
alluvia! and sandy. The v. is on W. bank of Hudson r., at 
the head of sltK>p navigation. The Champlain Canal passes 
through it, and communicates with the Hudson by locks. 
The Rensselaer and Saratoga R. R. also passes through, 4 
miles fri>m Troy, 2S m. from Saratoga. The trade carried 
on by these annually is very extensive. The nianufacturea 
of the V. are also of large amount and importance. Here 
are 5 churches, 2 academies, an<i 1 bank, capital $50,000. 
The V. is connected with Lansingburg by a bridge across 
the Hudson. The " Sentinel"' is here published. Pop. of v. 
about l.SOO. Pop. of L in 1S40, 1,^24 ; in 1S50. 2,6S3. 

Waterford. t. and p. v., Washington co., Ohio : on both 
Bides of Muskingum r., 74 m. E. S. E. Columbus. Surface 
rolling and broken ; soil fertile on the r. The village, on S. 
bank of the river, contains several mills, etc. Pop. of t. in 
1840,1.166; in 1S50, 1,693. 

WATERFtiRD, t and p. b., Erie county, Perm. : 105 m. 
N. "W". by ^V. Harrisburg. The b. contains several stores, 
and 49> inliabitanls. The Sunbury and Erie R. E. will pass 
through it. Pop. of t. about 1,300. 

AVaterforp. sta., Providence co., 7!. I.: on Blackstone 
river, and Providence and "Worcester R. R., 18 m. from 
Provid' nee, 25 m. from Worcester. 

Watekforo, p. v., Gibson co., Tenn.r on branch Obion 
river, 110 ra. W. by S. Nashville. 

Waterf-ird, Land p. v., Caledonia co., nvm. .■ 31 ra. 
E. by N. Montpelier. Bounded S. by Connecticut r. The 
Connecticut and Passumpsic Rivers R. R. passes through 
the W. corner of the t., having a station at Passumpsic, 4 m. 
from St. Johnsbury, 57 ni. from White River Junction. 
Pop. of 1. 1,412. 

Waterfori>, p. v., Loudon co,, Virg. : on S. side of Kit- 
toctan cr., 116 m. N. Itichmond. It contains 2 churches, 
several mills and stores. In the vicinity are cotton facto- 
ries. Pop. about 500. 

Wateeford Centre, p. o., Oakland co., Mich.: 61 ra. 
E. by S. Lansing. 

Watf.rford Works, p. o., Camden county, JV". Jer. ,■ 34 m. 
S. by W. Trenttm. 

Waterloo, p. v., Lauderdale co., Ala,: on N. bank of 
Tennessee r., 2'}0 ni. N. E. by N. Montgomery. 

Waterloo, p. v., and cap. Monroe co.. lU. : 114 m. S. by W. 
Springfield. Situated on elevated ground, containing the 
county buildings, churches, etc. The "Waterloo Patriot" 
(whig) is issued weekly. 

Waterloo, t. and p. v., Fayette co., fjid. : on E. side of 
Whilew:il(.T river, 52 m. E. by S. Indianapolis. Pop. of t. 
about 1.000. 

Watekloo, P.O., Pulaski county, Xi/.: 68 m. S. S. E. 
Frankfort. 

Wateiiloo, sta., Merrimac co., ^1 I/amp. : on Mcrrimac 
and Connecticut Rivers E. R., 17 m. from Concord, S m. 
from Bradfi-rd. 

WAinr.i.oo. p. o., Sussex co., A\ Jer. : on N. aide Musco- 
netecong r., 46 m. N. Trenton. 



Waterloo, p. v., Point Coupee par., la. : near the outlet 
of Fausse r.. on W. side of Mississippi r.. 20 m. N.W. b.rN. 
Baton Rouge. It is a verj- beautiful settlement, surrounded 
by fine plantations. Pop. about 150. 

Waterloo, t. and p. o., Jackson county, Mich.: 29 m. 
S. E. by S. Lansing. Drained by Portage cr. of Grand r, 
flowing through several large ponds. It contains two large 
flouring-mills. Pop. 1,090. 

Waterloo, p. v., and cap. Clark co., Mo.: on N. side 
Fox r., 131 m. N. by E.Jefferson City. 

Watekloo, L, p. v.. sta., an<l one of the capitals of Seneca 
CO., y. K .' on N. side of Seneca outlet, 166 m. W. by N. 
Albany. The v. is an important manufacturing place, with 
considerable trade. It contJiins the county buildings, an 
academy, one bank, capital ^200,000, and 4 churches. The 
" Observer and Union" (dem.) is issued weekly. The Roch- 
ester and Syracuse R. R. passes thmugli, 5S m. from Roch- 
ester, 46 m. from Syracuse; also the Cayuga and Seneca 
Canal. Pop. of v. about 2,800. Pop. of t. in 1S40, 3,036; 
in 1S50, 3,795. 

Waterloo, p. v., Granville county, A". Car.: 45 m. N. 
Raleigh. 

Waterloo, t. and p. o., Jefferson co., Wise. : 22 m. E. by N. 
Madison. Drained by Rock cr. Pop. S31. 

Waterloo, p. o., Lawrence co., Ohio : 96 m. S. 8. E. 
Columbus. 

Waterloo, p. v., Juniata co., Penn. : on Tuscarora cr., 
42 m. W. Harrisburg. 

Waterloo, p. o., Fauquier co., Yirg. : 85 m. N. by W. 
Riehm<jnd. 

Waterloo, p. v., Laurens dist., S. Car. : 60 m. W. N. W. 
Columbia. 

Waterport, p. o,, Orleans co., N^. Y. : 242 m. W. by N. 
Albany. 

Watee Peoof, p. o., Tensas par., La. : 102 m. N. Baton 
Rouge. 

Water Street, p. v., Huntingdon co., Penn. : on Juniata 
r., 70 m. W. N. W. Harrisburg. It contains a charcoal forge, 
which in 1S49 made 1,150 tons of blooms. 

Watertown', t. and p. v., Litchfifld co., Conn.: 25 m. 
W. S. W. Ilartf.ird. Bounded E. by Nangatuek r. and 
drained by its branches. The Naugnturk R. R. runs along 
the river side. The v. contains 2 churches and some manu- 
factures. Pop. of I. 1,533. 

Watertown^, L and p. v.. Middlesex co., M<tfm.: 5| m, 
W. by N. Boston. Draineil by Charles r., which bounds it 
on the S., and is navigable to the v. fur ves-sels requiring 
6 feet of water. Surface oft. beautifully diversified. In its 
E. part is Mount Auburn Cemetery and part of Fresh Pond. 
The V, contains 3 churches and a V. S. arsenal. The Water- 
town Branch R. R. extends to the v. from West Cambridge 
on Fitchburg R. R., which is much used by the citizens, 
many of whom transact their daily business in Boston. 
Pop. in 1840, 1,S10 ; in 1850. 2,S37. 

Watertown. t., p. v.. and cap. Jefferson co.. 2^. Y. : on 
S. 8i<ie of Black r, at the falls. 1 45 m. N. W. hy W. Albany. 
Surface oft. gently uneven ; soil sandy loam and clay, very 
furlile, and well cultivated, lying upon limesfone foundation. 
Drained by Black r. on the N. and by Sandy and Stoney 
creeks flowing S. W., and Lake Ontario. Black r.. in pass- 
ing the v.. descends S3 feet in 1 m. by 5 natural cascades 
and 7 artificial dams, creating an immense water-power, 
unrivaled in the T'ninn for its natur.il availability, and of 
which only a small portion is yet used. The factories al- 
reaily erected are chiefly engaged in making woolen and 
cotton goods and paper; but there are also extensive flour- 
ing, grist, and saw mills, besi'Ies lannrrics, iron furnaces, 
and a largo variety of smaller manulactiiriiig establish- 
m'rits. The v. was first settled in ISOO. anrl incorporated 
in 1S31. It contains a court-house and jail, of stone, 2 flour- 
ishing academics, a State arsenal, of brick, and 9 chnrchea. 
There are 5 banks, with aggregate capital of $600,000. The 
Watertown and Rome It. li. extends through this place, 

911 



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Tl m. from Rome, to Cape Vincent 25 m. The construction 
of a line of railroad hence to Slockholra, on the Northern 
E. E., is conlcruplaled, also a railroad to Utica through the 
valley of the Black r. Five newspapers were here publish- 
ed in 1S50~" Northern New York JoumaP' (whig), " Dem- 
ocratic Union," " Jefferaonian" (dera.)i Jefferson County 
Democrat," and " New York Eeformer" (temp.) Pop. oft. 
in 1S40, 5,027; in 1S50, 7,201. 

Watertown, t. and p. v., Washington co., Ohio: 74m. 
E. S. E. Columbus. Soil well cultivated, and drained N. by 
"Wolf cr., which affords -water-power. Pop. of t 1,374. 

Watertowx, t. and p. v., Jefferson co., Wise: 35 m. 
E. by N. Madison. Surface diversified ; soil generally very 
fertile, well watered by Rock r., which here makes a great 
bend, flowing on both its W. and E. borders. The v. is 
handsomely situated in the N. part of the t., on both sides 
of Rock r, at the great bend, and at the foot of Johnson's 
rapids, where a dam across the river creates very great 
water-power. It has had a rapid growth, and is in a very 
flourishing condition. Two newspapers are here published 
— ""W. Chronicle'* (whig) and "State Register" (dem.) 
Two lines of railroad are projected to pass through "Water- 
town, viz., Fond duLac and Rock River E. E. ; and Mil- 
waukee, Portage, and La Crosse E. R. ; and a plank-road 
from Lake Michigan to Madison passes through this place. 
Pop. of t. in IS40, 218; pop. of v. in 1S50, 1,5G1 ; pop. oft., 
including v., in 1850, 2,SS8. 

Watecvale, p. v., Onondaga co., N'. T. : on "W. side of 
Limestone cr., 120 m. W. by N. Albany. Pop, about 200. 

Water Valley, p. o., Erie county, N. Y. : 263 m. W. 
Albany. 

Water Valley, p. o., Yalabusha co., Miss. : cm N. side 
of branch of Tallahachie r., 129 m. N. by E. Jackson. 

Water Village, p. v., Carroll co., J^. Uarnp. : 37 m. 
N. N. E. Concord. 

Waterville, p. V. and sla., New ITaven co., Conn. : on 
the Nangatuck r., 22 m. N. N. W. New Haven, 24 m. S. W. 
Hartford. The Nangatuck R. R. passes through, 35 m. 
from Bridgeport, 27 m. IVom Winsted." Tlie v. is chiefly 
noted as containing a very extensive pocket cuthTy estab- 
lishment, which has been as successful as any other in the 
Union. 

Waterville, t., p. v., and sta., Kennebec co., Me. : on 
W. bank of Kennebec r., 17 m. N. N. E. Augusta. Surface 
diversified : soil alluvial and well cultivated. The Kenne- 
bec r. is navigable to the v., handsomely situated at the 
Ticonic Falls, which extend across the river, are 18 feet 
high, and afford immense water-power. The other water- 
power in the vicinity is very great, and could be improved 
by a verj- large number of factories. The r. contains va- 
rious mills and manufactories, 2 banks, capital $125,000, an 
academy, and 4 churches. Waterville College, located here, 
is a Baptist institution, founded in 1820, which in 1S50 had 
B professors, 267 alumni (of whom 82 had entered the min- 
istry), 8S students, and a library of 15,500 volumes. The 
Androscoggin and Kennebec R. E. extends to this place 
from Portland 82 m. ; the Kennebec and Penobscot R. R. 
is in construction to Bangor, and the Kennebec and Port- 
land R. E. will also extend hence to Augusta. Pop. of t. in 
1840, 2,971 ; in 1850, 8,965. 

Waterville, p. v., Oneida co., N. Z ; 86 m. W. by N. 
Albany. This v. is noted for its manufactures of woolen 
goods, carriage springs, flour, starch, lumber, and iron. It 
contains also an organ manufactory. 1 bank, capital $120,000, 
2 academies, and 2 churches. Pop. about 1.000. 

Watervillt!, t. and p. v., Lucas co., Ohio: on N. W. 
side nf Maumee r., 110 m. N. N. W. Columbus. The Wa- 
bash and Erie Canal passes through the v. Pop. of t. in 
1840, 565 ; in 1850, 953. 

Waterville, p. v., Waukesha county, Wise. : 50 m. E. 
Madison. 

Waterville, t. and p. v., Lamoille co., Verm. : SI m. 
N. by W. Montpelier. Surfaco mountainous. Drained by 
912 



N. branch of Lamoille r., which affords good mill-sitee. 
The t contains several saw-mills, and 1 large woolen fac- 
tory having 2,000 spindles. Pop. of t 753. 

Waterville, p. o., Lycoming co., Pmn. : 73 m. N. by E. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Watervltet, t. and p. o., Albany co., N. K; 5 m. N. 
Albany. It occupies the N. E. corner of the county, being 
bounded N. by Mohawk r., and E. by the Hudson. At the 
confluence of these rivers are numerous islands breaking 
the mouth of the Mohawk into several channels. Surface 
level or undulating; soil generally sandy or swampy, ex- 
cept on the Hudson, where are extensive and fertile flata- 
The Erie and Champlain canals separate in this t, and in 
the former are many locks to overcome the Falls of Cohoes. 
The Troy and Schenectady E. E. runs along the S. bank of 
the Mohawk. West Troy, the site of the tJ. S. Arsenal, ia 
in Water\iiet, and occupies about 180 acres, inclosed by 
walls and iron paling. There is also in this town the cele- 
brated Shaker settlement "Niskayuna," of which a detailed 
description is appended. The manufactures of this t. em- 
ploy upward of a million dollars capital, and embrace many 
valuable branches of industry in the fabrication of iron, cot- 
ton and woolen goods; and there are also numerous flour, 
grist, and saw mills. Pop. of t. in 1840, 10,141 ; and in 1S50, 
16,675 — increase in the dfcade, 64.4 per ceyitum. 

The following is a description of the Shaker settlement in 
this town, as communicated (24th May, 1S53) by S. Buck 
ingham, a member of the society: 

" The United Societi/.^"— The founder of this Society, or 
peculiar sect of people, commonly called " Shal-ers," was 
Ann Lee, daughter of John Lee, a native of Manchester in 
England, was born on the 29th of February, in the year 
1736. She, with her little company of followers, embarked 
for America in 1774, where they arrived the 6th of August. 
Those that came over with her as companions and fellow- 
laborers in the work of her calling, were eight in number. 

In the year 1776, as many of her followers as bad kept 
their rectitude and remained with her, took up their resi- 
dence at Watervliet, 8 miles N. W. from the centre of 
Albany, in a wilderness country, which required great toil 
and labor to render useful cither to man or beast, or pro- 
ductive of the necessaries of life ; but by their industry, zeal, 
and frugality, tfigether with the additions, culture, and im- 
provements of their successors, up to the present time, a 
permanent settlement has been established, much admired 
by those who visit the place ; and though once a dreary and 
solitary spot of earth, is now a situation becoming an indus- 
trious and enlightened people, productive of nearly all the 
ordinary comforts of life. 

This branch of the "United Society" possess and occupy 
about 2,540 acres of land, much of which is tillable, and 
produces com, grass, wheat, rye, oats, barley, potatoes, 
pease and beans, to tolerable advantage ; and by manuring, 
may be rendered highly productive. They have also fine 
orchards, yielding an abundance of fruit in favorable sea- 
sons, such as apples and peaches, with some plums and 
pears; and much of the smaller kinds, as currants, goose- 
berries, and strawberries, which are raised in their gardens. 

A small stream of water, called the Schulune kill, runs 
through the south and easterly part of the village, and flows 
northward into the Mohawk r. On this creek they have 
several artificial ponds, which afford their main privileges 
in water-power. The land bordering upon this stream is a 
deep, mucky soil, but the upland ia of a aandy and gravelly 
quality. 

About 300 acres of the most valuable part of their land lie 
upon the banks of the Mohawk r, in the town of Niskayn- 
na, near the mouth of the Schulune kill, ahttle above Fasl*8 
Ferry, and in the town of Eottcrdam, a short distance 
above the city of'Schenect.idy. where is raised the principal 
part of their broom-corn, which they manufacture into 
brooms of the first qualily, an<l vend them in the public 
markets throughout the country. By the overflowing of 



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the river upt^n ita banks. Ihe low land along here is ren- 
dered highly productive wiihout manuring, and is thereby 
made profilable lu those who possess it. 

The population of the Society numbers some 300 or more, 
being di\'ideii into four distinct families, located from a 
half to fhroe-fourtha of a milo distant from each other, a 
little back from the main road leading from Troy to Sche- 
nectady, so that the village is somewhat central between 
ihe above-mentioned [tKices and ttic city of Albany, and 
may be approached within two and a half or three miles by 
railroads, connecting the aforesaid cities. 

As you pass along the village from east to west, you 
ascend a moderate rise of land from which an agreeable 
scenery springs to view, extending from the Helderberg 
Mountains on the west to the Kayaderosseras Mountains on 
the north, and the Green Mountains on the east, overlook- 
ing the valleys of the Hutlson and Mohawk rivers. 

The whole number of buildings in the village may be 
estimated at some 150 or 160. many of which are built of Uic 
best materials, and are quite Vidual)le. Among the num- 
brr there is a commodt«:iU3 building for divine worship, 
creeled in the year 1S4S : besides wiiich there are three 
oflicfs for the transaction of all public business, two school- 
housts. eight dwelling houses, suitable to accommodats 
from fifty to one hundred persons each, and many work- 
shops and storehouses, built in the most commodious style. 
They have also two grist-mills, three saw-mills, and three 
machine-shops, in which various branches of mechanical 
business are carried on, such as carding wool, turning 
broom-handles, turning iron, and sawing firewood. 

Their principal domestic emploj-menta being agriculture, 
horticulture, the manufacture of brooms, and various kinds 
of medicines, they have buildings and machinerj' appro- 
priated to each branch of business sufficient to render each 
prnfitable ; and the many articles they manufacture for sale 
are noted for their neatness, durability, and good quality. 

Ko pains is spared in the raising and preparing of their 
garden seeds, of which they raise a general assortment : and 
the botanical herbs, roots, barks, and extracts which they 
procure for market are prepared in the most punctual and 
faithful manner. Their brooms, also, have an extensive 
sale, which need but be used to receive commendation. 
Thus, .ill the articles manufactured by them and offered for 
sale are of the most durable quality, and may be relied on 
as genuine and pure. 

They generally perform the most part of their own 
black-smiihhig. joiner, and carpenter work, tailoring, and 
shoe-making; and the females are not less industrious in 
their various branches of business, including dressmaking, 
spinning, weaving, braiding whip-lashes, manufacturing 
bonnets, small fancy boskets, fans, brushes, with a variety 
of other small saleable articles. 

The sociely generally keep from forty to fifty good horses, 
eighty cows, sixteen yoke of oxen, five hundred sheep, and 
young cattle and oihcr stock in proportion. 

The manner of life by them a<iopfed seems not at all 
deleterious to longevity, for from thfir statistical reports of 
Iho ages "f those wlio have deceased in their society since 
its first establishment in tliis conntr}'. show an average of 
flfty-fuur years. It is a fact, that these singular peojde 
strictly adhere to a life of chastity and \irgin pnrily,and do 
ii^itJier marnjy nor are given in marrt't/ff^, !iut believe 
that tnie Christianity consists in purity of heart, and a life 
devoted to God in all things— being ingrafted into the true 
vine, and living Ihe life and imitating the example of Ilirii 
who overcame the world, with all its aflFoctions and lusL". 
Consequently, they have nothing to do with war an<l blood- 
shed, and the political strifes of the world, but choose to live 
fn peace with all men. They are temperate and sober in 
Iheir habits, discarding entirely Ihe use of ardent spirit.-' 
and it3 attendant evils, excepting occasionally in medicinal 
preparations. 

In lhi3 society, as in other branches of their community. 

T5 



equal rights and privileges are enjoyed, as no oni? claims 
aught as his own; but each and all receive according to 
tlieir needs and circumstances, possessing all things in com- 
mon, whether of a spiritual or temporal nature. 

The first established and largest Society of Shaker^s is at 
New Lebanon, Columbia county, New York. 2i m. S. of 
Lebanon Springs. There is also another small Society in 
liiis State, at Groveland, Livingston county. 

The following is a brief statement of the several societies 
located in the otiier States. 

Jfitfimehtist'tfs. — Hancock, Berkshire couuly. 5 m. "W, 
of Pitlsfield. — Tvr.isGiiAM, in the same county, IG ni. S. of 
Hancock. — Hahvakd. Worcester county, oil miles N. "W. 
from IJoston. — Suirlet, Middlesex county, 7 miles W. frism 
Harvard. 

I^'ew IlawjjfiMre. — CANTEUBtTRy. Merrimae county. 12 m. 
N. by E. from Concord.—ENFizLD, Grafton county, 12 m. S. 
from Dartmouth College. 

Connectiiyiit.~Y.^Tn:u>, Hartford county, 5 m. E. of the 
Connecticut r., and IS m. N. E. from Hartford. 

Maine. — Alfkf.d, York county, 30 m. S. V\'. from Port- 
land. — Nrw G lol'cestee, Cumberland county, '25 m. N. W. 
from Portland. 

CMk'.— Union Village, Warren county, 4 m. W. from 
Lebanon, and 27 m. N. by E. from Cincinnati : this is the 
oldest and largest Society in the Western cnuTitry. — Al:-o, 
Wateuvliet. Montgomery county, 6 m. S. E. from Dayton, 
— Whitewater. Hamilton county, 22 m. N. W. of Cincin- 
nati. — NoBTH Union, Cuyahoga county, 7 m. S. E. from 
Cleveland. 

AV»^'<'^7/.— Pleasant Hill, or Suakertown. Mercer 
county, Sm. E. from Harrodsburg: pop. 342. — Soctu Union, 
Logan county, nearly central between Kussellville and How- 
ling Green, 14 m. from the latter, and 5i) in. N. of Nash- 
ville {Tmn.)x pop. in ISoO, 245. 

.Watervliet, t, and p. o., Berrien county, Mich. : 96 m. 
W. S. W. Lansing. 

Wateevuet Centrb, p. 0., Albany co., .V. Y.: 9 m. N. 
Albany. 

Wateins, p. o.. Union co., Ohio : 32 ni. N. W. Columbus. 

Watkinsville, p. T.. and cap. Clark co., Ga.: 56 m. 
N. by W. Milledgeville. H contains a court-house, jail, an 
academy, several stores, etc. Pop. 985. 

Watson, t. and p. c, Lewis co., A^. Y.: 110 m. N. W. 
Albany. Surface hilly and raountainou*. Pop. 1.13S. 

Watson's Bridge, p. o., Moore co., K. Car. : 50 m. 9. W. 
Kaleigh. 

Watsontown, p. 0., Northumberlaml co,, Pfi/ni.: on E. 
sirle of Susqu'.-hanna r.. 54 m. N. Harrisburg. 

WATKBoRn', p. v.. Luu-mburg CO., Virg. : on N. bank of 
Mehi-rrin r.. 5S m. S. W. Richmond. 

Wattsbi-kg. p. b., Eric co., Penn. : on French cr., 190m. 
N. W. by W. Harrisburg. Pop. about IS). 

Watt's Mills, p. o., Appanoose co., I<t. : S7 m. S. W. 
Iowa Cily. 

Watt's Mili.s, p. o., Westmoreland co., Penn.: 130 m. 
"W. Harrisburg. 

WArHATCnEE. p. o.. Dad-^ co.. Ga.: on E. side of Look- 
out cr., 192 Ml. N. W. Milledgeville. 

WArnoo, p. o., Vigo county, Ind. : CS miles W. by S. 
Indianapolis. 

Waukau, I), o., Winnebago co., Jfl.sc.: &3 in. N. N. E. 
Madison. 

Waitceenaii. p. o., Jefferson co., Fhi: : 19 m. E. S. E. 
TaIIaba.«s.*e. 

WAi'KrcAN, p. v.. port, and cap. Lake co., IlL: 196m. 
N. E. by N. Spriiisfield. Its site is a very allraclive loca- 
tion, rising fruin the lake to a considerable eminence, with 
a hill in the centre, on whicli slamls tlie courl-bonse. It 
has had a very rapid growth, which will probably coiuiniio 
for years. It is already well built, containing many hand- 
some and subslanlial buildings. The surrountiing country 

913' 



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WAY 



fa of great fertility, being the best prairie land, and with 
considerable timber. It has a good harbor, piers, etc., and 
carries on an extensive lake trade. During 1S45, ila exports 
amounted to f2S3.I07. and its imports to !J69,061. Th.- 
"Waukeg:an Chronicle'' (dem.) and Ihe *' Gazette" (whitr) 
are issued weekly. The Chicago and Milwaukie li. II. will 
pass throuffh this place. Pop. about 4,000. 

Waukesha county, Wmc. Situate S. E.. and contains5"6 
aq. m. Drained by Fox r. and its affluent^, and otiier 
streams. Surface undulating:, and diversiflL'd with numer- 
ous hdces. which are the sources of many of the streams 
which traverse the co. in all directions. Soil fertile, and 
produces good crops of wheat and grain. Pine and other 
forest trees cover a considerable portioh of the land. The 
water-power supplied by the streams affords good advan- 
tages for manufacturing establishments. Farms 1,703 : 
manuf. 7S ; dwell. S.403. and pop.— wh. 19.186. fr. col. ^S— 
total 19.174. Capital: "Waukesha. PiMic Worirs: Mil- 
■waukie and Mississippi K. K. ; Milwaukie and Portage U. R. 

Wattkesha, t.. p. v., sta., and cap. Waukesha co.. Wific. : 
60 m. E. by S. Madisou. Surface diversified ; soil flno 
prairie and timber land. Drained by Pishtaka river and 
branches. The v. is on the Pishtaka r. and the border of a 
rich prairie. It contains the county buildings and many 
neat dwellings. The Milwaukie and Mississippi R. Pl. 
passes through it, 20 m. from Milwaukie. 50 m. from .lanes- 
ville. The " Waukesha Democrat" is issued weekly. Pop. 
of t. 2.314. 

WAirKSAnc, p. 0., Cook county, ///. .• ITS m. N. E. by N. 
Springfield. 

Wattvaka, p. o., Marquette co., Wise. : on S. side Wau- 
paka r.. 95 m. N. by E. Madison. 

WAtrPFN, t. and p. V , Fond du Lac co., TTj/fc ; 57 m. 
N. E. Madison. Drained by head streams of Rock r., which, 
immediately S. of the t., enters a large marsh, from which it 
escapes about 12 m. below. Surface handsomely varied ; 
soil of great depth, and productive. The v. is a thrivinir 
and healthy place, and contains about 300 inhabitanUi ; and 
within a short distance is the railroad from Fon<i du Lac to 
Chicago. The State prison is located here. Pop. of t. SS2. 

"Waltsau, t., p. v., and cap. Marathon co., Wise.: on E. 
bank Wisconsin r., 135 m. N. by E. Madison. This is the 
principal settlement in the co. The inhabitants in and 
around it for several miles are chiefly engaged iu lumber- 
ing and sugar-making. Pop. oft 466. 

WAUsnABA. L and p. v., Dodge county, Wise. : 43 m. 
N. E. by N. Madison. Fox lake occupies about one-fourth 
of the surface of the t The v. is situate oa its 8. side. 
Pop. of t. S56. 

Wauto.ma. p. o.. Waukesha co., Wi^c. : on W. bank of 
White r., 52 m. N. by E. Madison. 

Wauwatosa, t., p. v., and sta.. Milwaukie co., TTmc. ; 72 
m. E. Madison. The Milwaukie and Mississippi II. li, 
passes through the v., 5 m. from Milwaukie, 65 ra. from 
Janesville. Pop. of t. 2.056. 

Waveland, p. o., Montgomery co., Ind.: 45 m.W. N.W. 
Indianapolis. 

AV AVF.Ri-v, p. o., Lowndes co., Miss.: on W. side Tom- 
bigbee r., 130 m, N. E. Jackson. 

Waverlt. p. V. and st-a.. Tioga county, iV! Y. : 136 m. 
W. S. W. Albany. The Erie R. R. passes near it, 2G6 m. 
from New York, 203 ni. from Dunkirk. 

Waverlv, p. v.. Morgan county, III. : 22 miles 8. W. 
Springfield. 

Waveklt, p. o., Henry co., Mo. : 97 m. W. by S. Jeffer- 
son City. 

Waverlt, p. v., Pike co., Ohio: on W. bank of Scioto r, 
57 m. S. Columbus. The Ohio Canal passes through it. 
Pop. 678. 

Waverlt, p. v., and cap. Humphreys co., Tenn. : 57 m. 
W. by S. Nashville. Cf^ntains the county buildings, etc. 

Waverlt, p. o., Luzerne co., Penn. : 80 m. N. E. by E. 
Harrisburg. 
914 



Waveulv Hall, p. o., Harris co., 6'*^. .■ on S. side of 
Mulberry cr., 100 m. W. by S. Milledgeville. 

Wawahsinc, t. and p. o., Ulster co.. jV. Y.: 70 m. S. S.W. 
Albany. Surface hilly and mountainous, having on the 
S. E. the Shawangunk range of mountains; soil fcrlile, 
gravi'lly loam and cl.ay. Drained by Rondout kill and 
branches, which afford abundant water-power. The t. is 
large, containing several settlements and post-ofHecs ; also, 
about 50 saw-milts, numerous tanneries, and woolen fac- 
tories, with other manufactories, it contains ores of iron. 
pluml>ago. and lead. The Delaware and Hudson canal 
passes through its S. E. part Population in 1540,4,0-14; in 
1S50, 6,459. 

Wawpkoong, p. o., Miami county, Ind. : 52 miles N. 
Indiansipolis. 

WAXAnACHiE, p. v., and cap. Ellis county, Tex.: on N. 
side of Waxahaehie r., 157 m. N. N. E. Austin City. It con- 
tains the court-house, jail, etc 

Wat, p. o., Ripley county, Iiid.: 65 m. S. E. by E. 
Indianapolis. 

Watland, t. and p. v., Middlesex co., 3fass. : 14 ra. W. 
Boston. Surface of t pleasantly diversified. Drained by 
Sudhury river, which forms the principal ^art of its W, 
boundary. It contains Pelham and Dudley ponds, and part 
of Long Pond. Pop. oft 1.115. 

Watlanp, t. and p. o., Allegan co., Midi. : 53 m.W. by 9. 
Lansinjr. Surface somewhat uneven, and diversifled by 
several handsome ponds. Pop. 406. 

Waylanp DepSt, p. o. and sta., Steuben co., iv; K ." on 
Buffalo, (horning, and New York R. R.,46 m. from Corning, 
201 m. W. Albany. 

Waylandsburg, p. v., Culpepper county, Virg.: 72 m. 
N. N. W. Richmond. 

Watland's Springs, p. o., Lawrence county, 7^??. ; 70 m. 
S. S. W. Nashville. 

Waymabt, p. v., Wayne county, Penn, : 115 m. N. E. 
Harrisburg. Pop. about 100. 

Wayne county, Ga. SIftiate 8. E.. and contains 716 
sq. m. Drained by Little Santilla and Turtle rivers, and by 
Finholloway cr. and other small streams of Alatamaha r.. 
which forms its N. boundary. Surface low and level ; soil 
in general fertile, but there are some purtions of marshy 
gronnd unfit for cultivation— these, when dr;dned. make 
g(X)d grazing land. Farms 172; manuf. 0; dwell. 182, and 
pop.— wh. 1,08S, fr. col. 5, si. 406— total 1,499. Capital: 
Waynesville. 

Wayne county, III. Situate toward the S. E.. and con- 
tains 719 sq. m. Little Wabash r. passes through its ea.st- 
crn section, by which and its branches. Skillett fork and 
Elm cr.. it is drained. Surface level, or gently umlulaling ; 
soil fertile, and produces wheat and grain, and tobacco in a 
small quantity. Pork and beef are exported, ready access 
being had to other markets by means of the Little Wabash. 
A large portion of the county is prairie and woodland. 
Farms 492: manuf. 6; dwell. 1.209, and pop.— wh. 6,822, 
fr. col. 3— total 6,S25. Capital: Fairfield. 

Wayne county, /»</. Situate E. on Ohio State line, and 
contains 420 sq. m. The streams are E. and W. forks of 
White river. Surface level or pleasantly roUins— in S. E. 
somewhat hilly. Dense forests originally covered the co. 
Soil a rich loam, bedded on clay. Manufactures have a 
good footing. Farms 1.984 ; manuf. 213; dwell. 4,.''>15, and 
p,)p._wh. 24.323. fr. col. 9.917— total 25,321). Capital : Cen- 
Ireville. /'w^^/Viror^-^; Whitewater Canal ; Indiana Central 
K. R. : Richmond and Newcastle R. R., and the Nat Road. 
Wayne county, la. Situate S., and contains 5(i8sq. m 
Drained by branches of Chariton and WeMon rivers, and 
Muddy cr., all tributaries of Crooked Fork of Grand r. Pur- 
face level or rolling- soil fertile, and consists of black mold, 
with sand and clay intermixed, and favorable to the culti- 
vation of wheat and grain. It has good pasturage, and is 
well wooded. Farms — ; manuf. — ; dwell. 57, and pop.- 
wh. 339, fr. col. 1— total :i40. Capital : Cambria. 



WAY 



WAY 



Watne county, A'*/. Situate S. loVaril the E., atid ooti- 
tains 63T sq. m. Drained by S. forlc of Cumberland r. and 
its branehes, and Beaver creel\. Surface even ; soil mod- 
erately fertile: a large portion is well adapted to grazing. 
Chief productions, wheat and Indian corn ; tobacco and 
«otton are also grown. It is bounded on the N. by Cum- 
berland r. Farms 929; manuf. 17; dwell. 1.3r)9. and pop. 
ivh. 7.SS6, fr. col. 6, si. 830— total S,692. Capital : .Monliccllo. 

Wayne county, Jlich. Situate S. E. in the Southern Pe- 
ninsula, and contains about C'JO sq. m. Drained by Huron 
and Kouge rivers and their branches, which flow into De- 
troit r. mi the S. E. Surface level ; soil various— a sandy 
loam, with clay intermixed, prevailing. In most parts it is 
fertile, and produces abundantly. Good water-power is 
supplied by the Rouge r. and ila tributaries. Iron ore of 
good quality, and limestone are found in this comity ; also 
sulphur springs, the waters of which are used me<licinally. 
The chief products are wheat, Indian corn, oats, and pota- 
toes. Farms 1.6'>5; manuf, 214; dwell. 7,0il?.. and pop.— 
wh. 45.1 35, fr. col. 7'21— total 42,756. CcjiiUil. : Detroit. 
Public Works : Michigan Central II. R. ; Detroit and Ron- 
tiac I!. R. : Toledo and Detroit R. R. 

Wavne county, J/t>-s. Situate E. toward the 8.. and con- 
tains 7(>4 sq. m. Drained in the E. by Chiekasawba r. and 
its branches, which extend through the N. portion of the 
county, and in the W. and S. by branches of Leaf creek. 
Surface uneven ; soil barren ; along the streams there is 
some good land which proves pntductive. Staples, cotton 
and Indian corn. Farms 162; manuf. 0; dwell. 2S1, and 
pop.— wh. 1,399, fr. col. — , si. 1,.S9I3— total 2,792. Oipital : 
■Wincliesler, Public Worts: Mobile and Ohio R. R. 

"VN'ayne cotmty, Mo, Situate S. E., and contains 946 
sq. m. St. Francois r. flows through it centrally, by which 
and ils branehes, and by Big Black water r. and Castor cr. 
it is dnained. Surface uneven, and in parts broken. Soil in 
parts very fertile : on the rivers are some bottom-lands which 
are very pro<iuctive, and raise fine crops of wheat and grain. 
It cont;iins many minerals, and has excellent timber land. 
Lake Micola lies on its S. E. boixler. Farms 47S ; manuf. 2 ; 
dwell. 699, and pop.— wh. 4,152, fr. col. 6— total 6,2-33. Odp- 
^'fal: Greenville. 

Wayne county, X. K Situate N. W., and contains 572 
sq. m Drained by Clyde r., which is formed by the junc- 
tion of Mud cr. and Canandaigua r. Surface uneven, and 
diversified in S. portion by hills and valleys. Soil fertile, 
and productive in a great degree in the S., but principally 
adapted to grazing and the culture of grain. It conlains 
many minerals, atid has some salt and suli)hur springs, the 
former of which yielded a short time back a considerable 
revenue. Some good beds of iron ore are found. The 
mounLain ridge which runs fnim E. to W. divides the wa- 
ters of the N. from those which run S. Sodas bay. Port 
bay, and East bay are on the lake coast. Chief products, 
wlieat and Indian corn. Farms 3.9.'!'7 ; manuf. 251); dwell. 
8,074, and pop.—wh. 44,701, fr. col. 2,53— total 44.933. Cap- 
ital : Lyons. Public WorH : Syracuse and Rocliester 
R. R. ; Sodus and Sutithem R. R. ; Erie Canal ; Sodus 
Canal, etc 

Wayne county, .A^ Car. Situate S. E. centrally, and 
contains S2S .sq. m. Drained by Neu.se r. and its branches. 
Surface undulating; soil fertile, and adapted to grazing. 
Chief productions, cotton, wheat, and Indian com. Farms 
6i:8; manuf. 69; dwell. 1,576, anri pop.—wh. 7,812, fr. coU 
604, si. 5,020— total 13,486. Cap/l,d: Waynesboro'. Public 
Wji ks : Wilmington and Weldon R. R. ; North Carolina 
Central R. R., etc. 

Wayne county, Ohio. Situate toward N. E. of the centre, 
and contains 569 sq. m. Chippewa r. and Sugar cr. drain 
the F,. portion, and Killbuck cr. ant! its branches the central 
and eastern. Surface varied, part-s being level, and much 
of it rolling and pleasantly diversified. Soil consists of «Uep 
mold, and on the streams is very fertile. Staples, wheal, 
Indian com, and potatoes. Live-stock and grain are ex- 



ported largely. Farms 2,904 ; manuf. 8S0 ; dwell. 5.712, 
and pop.—wh. 82,953, IV. coL 28— total 32,931. Capital: 
Wooster. Public Works: Ohio and Pennsylvania R. R. ; 
Cleveland, Zanesville, and Cincinnati R. R., etc. 

Wayne county, Pcnn. Situate N. E., and contains 762 
sq. m. Drained by Lackawaxen cr. and its affluents and 
tril)Utarie3 of Delaware r., which forms its N. E. boundary. 
Surface hilly and broken ; on the streams are some fine 
tracts of level land ; soil fertile. Farms 1,330 ; manuf. 200 ; 
dwell. 3,719, and pop.—wh. 21,841, fr. col. 49— total 21,890. 
Cajiitul: Bethany. PublieWorks: Delaware and Hudson 
Canal ; Pennsylvania Coal Company's R. R. 

Wayne county, Teun. Situate S. toward the W., and 
contains 694 sq. m. Buflalo river and Shoal cr. and their 
branches, witli other affluents of the Tennessee, drain the 
CO. Surface varied, the larger portion being hilly, and in 
parts broken ; soil, which is a deep mold on the streams, is 
fertile ; it is arlapted to wheat and grain, and cotlon and to- 
bacco arc proiluced in considerable quantities. Live-stock 
and grain are exported. Farms 6S9 ; manuf. 10; ilwell. 
1,216. and pop.—wh. 7,232, fr. col. S, si. 93l>-lotal 8,170. 
Capital : Waynesboro'. Public Works : Nnshvillo and 
Memphis R. R. 

Wayne county, Virg. Erected from Cabell in 1842. Sit- 
uate W., and contains 412 sq. m. Drained by Twenty- 
pole cr. and branches of Sandy r. Surface broken, anil in 
parts mountainous; soil in general is indifferent, but there 
are some tracts of land which are fertile, and adapti'd to 
the culture of grain. Chief products, wheat and Indian 
com. Some tobacco is raised. Farms 47S;mannf. 9; 
dwell. 749, and pop.—wh. 4,564, fr. col. 7, si. I'-g— total 
4,760. Capital: Wayne C. H. Public Works : Covington 
and Ohio R. R. 

Wayn?:. sta, Du Page Co., Pt. : on Galena and Chicago 
Union R. R., 83 m. from Chicago. 

Wayne, I.. Allen co., 1ml. : 103 m. N.N.E. Indian.apolis. 
Pop. in 1S40, 2,080 ; in 1850, 5.288. 

Wayne, I. ami p. v., Kennebec county, Mr. : 17 m. \V. 
Augusta. Androscoggin Poml occupies a large pari of lliia 
t.. which h.is generally a fertile soil, and pleasantly diversi- 
fied surface. Pop. of t. 1,367. 

Wayne, p. v. and sla., Wayne co., MU-h. : on S. brancli 
of Rouge r., and Michigan Central R. E., IS m. from De- 
troit, 05 m. E. S. E. Lansing. 

Wayne, L and p. v., Sleubcn co., K. Y.: 176 m.W. \>y S. 
Albany. Bounded in part on the E. by Little and Mud 
hikes, and on the W. by Crooked lake. Surface hilly in N. 
part ; soil, loam and clay. The v. conlains 2 churches, and 
about 150 inhabitants. Pop. of 1. 1,347. 

Wayne, t. and p. o., Erie Co., Penn. : 182 m. N.W. by W. 
Ilarrisburg. Pop. of t. about 1,000. 

Wayse Centre, p. o., Du Page county, III: 102 m. 
N. E. by N. Springfield. 

Wav.ve CouKT-nocsE, p. v.. and cap. Wayne Co., rirff.: 
279 m. W. by N. Richmond. It contains the county build- 
ings, etc. 

WAY.VESnOEO', p. v., sta., and cap. Burke co., (,a. : on the 
Augusla and Waynesboro' R. R.. 30 m. from Augusta. 60 m. 
E. Milledgevilla It conlains a court-house, jail, 2 churches, 
an academy, stores, etc. Pop. about 200. 

WAYNtsBoP.o', p. v., and cap. Wayne co., y. Car. : on N. 
aide of Neuse river, near the moulli of Little river, 48 m. 
S. E. by E. Raleigh. It conlains the county buiblings, etc. 
The North Carolina Central R. R., connecting with the 
Wilmington and Weldon R. P.. at Gnldsboro', extends W. 
through this place to Greensboro'. Pop. about 400. 

WAVNESBOlto', p. b., Franklin co., Pmn.: 48 m. S. W. 
Ilarrisliurg. It contains 3 churches, an academy, and 1 
bank, capital JIOO.OOO. The " Village Record" (neutral) is 
issued weekly. Pop. about S60. 

Waynesuoro', p. v., and cap. Wayne co., Tenn. : 75 ni. 
S. W. Nashville. It contains a court-house, jail, store8,etc., 
and about 100 inhabitants, 

916 



WAY 



WEI 



"Waynksboro', p. v., Augusta co., Vlrff.: on the line of 
the Virginia Central E. E.. S6 m. W. N. "W. Richmond. 

Watnesbukg, p. v., Lincoln co., A'?/.; 81 m. S. by E. 
Frankfort, 

WAYNESBrRG, p. V., Staflc CO., Ohio : on Sandy cr. and 
Sandy and Beaver Canal, 9S m. N. E. by E. Columbus. It 
contains several stores, manufacturing establishments, etc. 
A line of railroad from Bayard to New Philadelphia, pars- 
ing through this place, is contemplated. Pop. about 550. 

Waynesbueg, p. b., and cap. Greene ca, Penn. : ITU m. 
"W. by S. Harrisburg. It contains the county buildings, an 
academy, and 3 churches, several tanneries, stores, etc. 
The " Wayncsburg Messenger" (dem.), and " Greene Co. 
Whig" arc issued weekly. Pop. S59. 

Waynesvillb, p. v., and cap. Wayne co., Ga. : 153 m. 
?. E. by S. Milledgeville. It contains the county buildings, 
an academy, stores, etc. Pop. about 200. 

Wavnestille, p. v., De Wilt co., J II.: on S. side Kick- 
apoo cr., 42 m. N. E. Springfield. 

Waynesttlle, p. v., and cap. Pulaski co., 3fo. : on E. 
side Robidoux fork of G asconade r., 50 m. S. Jefferson City. 
It contains the county buildings, etc. Pop. about 200. 

Waynestille, p. v., and cap. Haywood co., jV. Car. : on 
branch of Big Pigeon r., 24S m. W. by S. Raleigh. It con- 
tains a court-house, jail. etc. Pop. about 120. 

Wavnestille, p, v., Warren co., Ohio: on W. side of 
Little Miami river, 62 m. S. W. by S. Columbus. Settled 
chiefly by Friends. The "Miami Visitor" (literary) is here 
published. Pop. about GOO. 

Way.xetown, t. and p. v., Montgomery co., Jjid. : 70 m. 
W. N. W. Indianapolis. 

Waynmanstille, p., o., Upson co., Ga. : 62 m. W. by S- 
Milledgeville. 

Weakley county, Tenn. Situate N. W., and contains 
072 sq. m. Drained by numerous tributaries of Obion r., an 
affluent of the Mississipi)i. Surface level or rolling ; eoit 
consists of rich black mold, and is in general productive. 
Wlicat, grain, tobacco, and cotton are raised, and pork is 
exported considerably. Farms 1.467; mannf. 13; dwell. 
1,04S. and pop.— wh. 11,523, fr. col. 15, si. 3,070— total 14.508. 
Capital: Dresden. Public Warks: Kashville and Missis- 
sippi R. R. 

Weare, t and p. v., Hillsboro' co., N, ITamp.: 14 m. 
S.W.Concord. Surface uneven. Dnini-d by Piscataquis r., 
which affords water-power. The t. contains numerous grist 
and saw mills, with several tanneries, cotton and woolen 
factories, etc. The v. near the centre is pleasantly situated. 
The Merritnac nud Connecticut Rivers R. R. passes through 
the V. of East Weare :md North Weare, the former 16 m. 
the latter 19 m. from Manchester. Pop. of t. 2,436. 

Wear's Cove, p. o., Sevier co., Temi. : 177 m. E. by S. 
Nashville. 

WEATnEKLY, p. 0., Cafbon county, Penn. : 70 m. N. E. 
Ilarrisburg. 

WEAxnEBSFiELn, t. and p. v., Windsor co.. Verm. : on 
W. side of Connecticut r.. 63 ni. P. by E. Montpelier. Sur- 
face uneven ; watered in S. W. part by Black r., which af- 
fords water-power. Mount Aseutnt.'y lies on its N. border. 
The L contains several jikasant st'tllements. It has several 
woolen factories, tanneries, and a variety of mills. Poj). 
of t. 1,S51. 

Weatoqtje, sta., Hartford co., Cmin. : on New Haven 
;ind Nurlhampton R. R., 40 m. from New Haven, 9 m. N. W. 
Hartford. 

Weaveosttlle, p. 0., Northampton co., Penn. : 90 m. 
E. N. E. Harrisburg. 

Weayeesvuxe, p. o., Fauquier co., Virg. : 87 m. N. by W. 
Richmond. 

Weaveestille, p. v.. Trinity county, Calif. : ISS m. N. 
Yallejo. 

Webb county, Tex. Situate S. W., and contains about 
3,500 sq. m. Drained by small streams of the Rio Grande 
and Nueces rivers. Surface level or rolling, and is mt-itiy 
916 



prairie, the undulations and swells giving it the appellation 
of the rolling prairie ; soil is generally a dark sandy loam, 
very productive, and yielding very large crops of wheat, 
grain, cotton, tobacco, sugar, and indigo. Potatoes and 
other vegetables are also grown. The napal, or prickly 
pear, abounds. It is extensively wooded. Capital: Laredo. 

WEBBEit's, sta., Cuumberland co.,Me.: on -Atlantic and 
SL Lawrence E. E., 18 m. iVom Portland, 89 m. S. W. by S. 
Augusta. 

Webber's Peaieie, p. c, Travis co., Tex. : 16 m. E, by S. 
Austin City. 

Webb's Ford, p. c, Enlherford co., y. Car. : 190 m, 
W. by S. Raleigh. 

Webb's Mills, p. o., Eitchie co^ Virg.: 225 m. N. W. 
by W. Richmond, 

Webb's Mills, p. o., Chemung co., N. Y. : 164 m. W. by S. 
Albany. 

Webeb county, Utah Ter. Extends from the Bear River 
mountains to the California boundary, and is about 40 m. 
wide. The E. portion is drained by Bear and Weber rivers, 
which empty into the Great Salt lake, one-half of which 
lies in this county. Farms 83 ; manuf. 2 ; dwell. 227, and 
pop.— wh. 1,1S6, fr. col. 0— total 1,186. Capital: Browns- 
ville. 

Webster, t. and p. v., Lincoln county. Me. : 21 m. S. W. 
Augusta. Surface of t. is pleasantly diversified by several 
small ponds. Interests chiefly agricultural. Population 
of t. 1,110. 

Webster, t., p. v., and eta., Worcester co., 3fa9S. : 45 m. 
S. W. by W. Boston. French r. flows on its W. border, 
and receives the outlet o( a large pond, eaeh of which af- 
f*)rds great water-power. The v. contains 2 chur^'hes and 
several very large factories of cotton goods. The Norwich 
and Worcester E. E. passes through it, 43 m. from Nor- 
wich and 16 m. from Worcester. Pop. of t in ISIO, l,-403 ; 
in 1850, 2,371. 

Webster, t. and p. o,, Washtenaw co., Mich. : 44 m. S. E. 
Lansing. Soil fertile. Watered by Huron r., several ponds, 
and Portage lake in its N. W. corner. A part of Dexter v. 
is in Ibis t^nvn. Pop. 924. 

Webster, t. and p. o.. Monroe co., N. Y. : 194 m. W. by N. 
Albany. Drained by small streams flowing into Lake On- 
tario. Soil verj- fertile. Interests entirely agricuUuraL 
Pop. 2.446. 

Webster, p. o., Wayne county, Ind. : 60 m. E. by N. 
Indianapolis. 

Webster, p. o., Hancock co., III. : on branch of Crooked 
cr., S4 m. N. W. by W. Springflelil. 

Webster, p. o., Winston county, Miss.: 97 m. N. E. 
Jackson. 

Webster's Mills, p. o., Fulton co., Penn. : 63 m. W. by S- 
Harrisburg. 

Weedoia-ee, p. v., Randolph county, Ala.: on S. side of 
branch of Tallapoosa r., SO ni. N. E. by E. Montgomery. 

Weed's Port, p. v. antl sta., Cayuga co., A''. V. : on the 
Erie Canal and Eochester and Syracuse Direct E. E., 149 m. 
W. by N. Albany. It contains- 2 churches, stores, etc, and 
about 850 inhabitants. 

Wehadkeb, p. o., Randolph co., Ala.: S3 m. N. E. by E. 
Montgomery. 

Week's Mills, p. o., Kennebec co., Me. 

Weelaunee, p. 0., Winnebago co., Wiftc. : 75 m. N. N. E. 
Madieon. 

Weewokavtlle, p. o., Talladega co., Ala.: C2 m. N 
Montgomery. 

Wegatciiie, p. o., St. Lawrence county, X. Y.: 150 m. 
N. W. by N. Albany. 

Wkiioga, p. o., Benton co., Ala. : on braucb of Talla- 
poosa r., 100 m. N. E. by N. Montgomery. 

Weir's Brhjce, p. o. and sta., Belknap co., 2^. Ramp. : 
on W. shore of Winnijiiseogce hike, and on the Boston, 
Concord, and Montreal E. R., 33 m. from Concord. It is 
(.r niucli summer resort by visitors to the lake, upon which 



^VEI 



WEL 



a «tianibi)at, starling from this point, plies daily on excur- 
sion lrip9. 

■\Veir's Cavk, n"r(7- ■ this cavern is generally considered 
onti of the most beanlit'iil in the world, is 16 m. N. E. j»laun- 
ton, SI m. N. W. by W. rachm«in<J. It is ahout 1.2('0 feet 
lon^. an'l divi'le-l iiitn numerous apartments, each jibound- 
ini; witli wliiio limestone pillars, stalaetiles, anil slalaamiles 
of crreat brilliancy, aa seen by torches, and with consider- 
able variety of form and color. 

Weiseniu'rg. t. find p. o., Lehigh county, Penn. : 66 m, 
E. N. E. Ilarrisbnrg. The t. contains numerous distilleries, 
tanneries, grist and saw mills. Pop. about ],4>nn. 

^VKlSF,n^l•.o,p. v., Baltimore CO., 3fd. : 44 m. N. Annapolis. 
"WRisi'nKT, p. 0., Carbon co., Penn.: 72 m. N. E. by E. 
Hnrrlsburg. 

"Wklaka, p. v.. Oran2:e c»., F?oi: : on the E. bank of St. 
John's r.. '27 ra. above Pilalka, an.l 23S m. E. S. E. Talla- 
hassee. This isa new settlement, but is expected to become 
a place of considerable commerce, since, by ninning steam- 
ers \ip to this point, the present pole-boat navigaticm to 
Piliitka. which is frequently dangerous, would be avoided. 
Very near the v., and near the bank of the r.. are the Welaka 
Sulphur j^prings, and about 2 m. <listant are the Magnolia 
Springs — one sulphur and the other magnesia. Game and 
flsh are abun'lanl. 

"U'ELcn's Mills, p. o., Cabarras county, K Car. : 96 m. 
W. by S. Raleigh. 
"Welciiville, p. 0., Oxford co., J/"^. ." 45 m. W. Augusta. 
"Wkld, I. and p. o., Franklin co., 3fe. : 40 m. N. "W. byN. 
Augusta. Drained by streams flowing into Weld Pond, in 
the S. central part. Surface diversified, with fertile soil. 
Pop. 995. 

Weldon. p. v., and sta., Halifax co., i\\ Car:: on S. W. 
brink ofKoanoke r.. 7(t m. N. E. Ealeigh. The Roanoke 
here has a great fall, but is navigable for vessels of 75 
tons. A canal unmnd the falls, 1'2 m. long, with lockage of 
10(1 feet, extends navigation to Staunton r., ahoui yuo ni. The 
Wilmington and Weldon R. R (from Wilmington 162 m.>. ' 
here connects with Petersburg K. K., 64 m. long., Sea-board 
and Roanoke R. R. to Portsmouth. 80 m., and Gaston and 
Weldon R. R. The v. has a good site, and possesses con- 
siderable trade. The "Weldon Herald" (whig) is issued 
weekly. Pop. about 600. 

Welp'r Lan'uing, p. 0., Dubuque co.. Tii.: on S. W. 
bank of Missis-^ippi r., 72 m. N. E. l>y N. Iowa City, 

Welbokk, p. v., and cap. Coffee co., Alu. : 81 m. S. S. E. 
Montgomery. It contains the county buildings. 

WELLnftRN'''s Mills, p. o.. IIousl<m co., Ga. : on S. side of 
branch of Ocmulgee r., 42 m. S. W. by 8. Milledgeville. 

Wk.lleksbukg, p. v., Soraersetco.,/''e«7i.; 1H5 m.W.S.W. 
Harrisburg. 

Wellkevillf., p. o., Crawford county, 0/iio: 60 m. N. 
Columbus. 

Wellfleet, L and p. v., Barnstable co., Jfass.: 58 m. 
S. E. by E. Boston. The t. extends across Cape Cod, and 
has a sandy soil. Wellfieet bay, nijon-whicii the v. is sit- 
uated, afrortl? good harborage. The v. employs considerable 
shipping in the fisheries and coasting trade, and is largely 
engaged in the manufacture of salt. Pop. of t. 2,411. 

Wellington-, t. and p. o., Piscataquis co., Me.: 63 m. 
X. by E. Augusta. Pop. 600. 

Wkllington, p. v., Lafayette co,, Mo.: on S. bank of 
Missouri r., 106 m. W.N. W. Jefferson City. 

Wellington, p. o., Morgan co., Ga. : 42 m. N. by W. 
Milledgeville. 

Wellington, l, p. v.. and sta., Eorain co., Ohio: 89 m. 
N. N. E. Columbus. Drained by W. branch of lilaek r. 
The Cinrinnati. Cleveland, and Columbus R. R. passes 
through. :^6 m. from Cleveland, 99 m. from C<ilumbus. and 
219 m. from Cincinnati. Pop. of L in 1840, 731 ; in 1850. 
1,556. 

Wellington, p. o., Lake co.. HI : 190 m. N. E. by N. 
Springfield. 



Wells county, httf. Situate N. E. middle, and contains 
372 sq. m. Drained by Upper Wabash and Salamonie 
rivers. Surface level, or gently uudulaiing.„well limbered, 
and the soil universally good. There are some wet prairies 
and marches. Farms 640; manuf. 14; dwell. 1.021, and 
pop.— wh. 6,141, fr. col. 11— tola! 6.152. Capital : Blumon. 
Piif'lic iVoHs : Fort Wayne and Southern R. R. 

Wells, t.. p. v., and sta.. York co., Jfe.: 81 m. S. S. W. 
Augusta. Soil inferior and marshy. Drained by small 
slrt-arus flowing into the Atlantic (.>cean. The harbor of the 
V. admits stn.all vessels, of which a ci:insiderable number are 
employed in the coasting trade. The t. cmiains numerous 
mills, with several tanniTies. The Portland, Saco, and 
I'ortsmouth R. R. passes through the t., 28 mites from Port- 
land, and 23 m. from Portsmouth. Pop. of t. 3,945. 

Wells, t. and p. o., TIaniilton co., .^V. V. : 69 m. N. N. W. 
Albany. Suriace diversified. Drained by Sacandaga r. 
Pop. about 400. 

Wells,!, and p. v., Rutland co., Venn.: 67m. S. 8. W. 
Montpelier. Surface of t, diversified, containing Lake Aus- 
tin, extending nearly through the t from Poultney centrally 
S.. the outlet of wliich flowing into Pacolet r., affords water- 
power. The v. is situated on this outlet. Pop, oft. 804. 

Well's island, Jefferson co., .Vi K .■ is one of the largest 
of the Thousand Islands, in the SL Lawrence river. It ia 
attaehed to the t of Clayton, and is of note, from the burn- 
ing of the steamer Sir Robert Peel in the vicinity, during 
(he Canadian Rebellion. 

Wklls river. Vent).: is.nn important mill-stream, flowing 
from Long P(tnd, in Groton, S. E. to its entrance into the 
Conneclieut at Wells River village. 

Wellsboro', p. b., and cap., Tioga co., Pejjti, : 102 m. 
N. by W. U.irrisburg. Itcontainsa court-house, jail, stores, 
etc., and an academy. A plank road extends hence to 
Ti"ga. The "' Wellsboro' Advertiser" (whig) is, here pub- 
lished. Fop. 620. 

WLi-LsncRG, p. o., St. Charles co., ^fo.: 78 m. E. by N. 
Jefferson City. 

WELLSitrp.G, p. o. au'i sta., Chf-mung co., X. V. : on Erie 
R. R., 27(; m. from New Y<irk, 193 m. from Dunkirk, and 
162 m. W. S. W. All>any. 

WELi.s;niTRfi, p. V. an<l cap. Brooke co., Virff. : on the 
E. side of Ohio r, at the mouth of Buffalo cr., 250 m. N. W. 
Richmon<!. It has an elev:rted and beaulifid situation, and 
was laid out in lTs9. It contains t^ie county Imildings, 5 
churches. 3 seminaries, and 1 bank, capital $118,000. It 
has very extensive traMe witli ihe river towns .ind Nt^w Or- 
leans. Its principal mamifaclnres are earthen and stone 
ware, glass and Ilour. The "Millennial Harbinger," and 
** Wellsburg Herald" (mdep.). are issued weekly. In the 
virinily are great beds of bituminous coal. Pop. aboul 2,2no, 
Well's Coenee, p. o., Orange co., Al Y. : D6 m. S. S. W. 
Albany. 

Well's Cornees, p. o., Erie co., Pemi. : lf>5 m. N. W. by 
W. Harrisburg. 

Wellscot, p. o., Union counly, Gc : 187 m. X. by W. 
Milledgeville. 

AVell'8 DepOt, p. o, and sta,. York co., iJ/a. ; on Portland, 
Saco, and Porlamoulh E. R., 28 m. from Portland, 23 m. 
from Portsmouth, S3 m. S. S.W. Augusta. 

Well's Mili.'i, p. o.. Appanoose co., Ia. : on E, side of 
Chariton r.. 90 m. S. W. Iowa Cily. 

Well's River, p. v. and sUl, Or-ingo co,, Venn.: on W. 
side of Connecticut r, at the ni<tuth of Wells r.,26m. E. S. E- 
Montpelier. It is surrounded by very high hills, preventing 
any great growth ; hut it is a |)laco of much business. The 
Connecticut and Piassumpsie Rivers R. R. passes tlirough, 
40 in. from White river junction, 31 m. fmm South J<*Iins- 
bury. The Boston, Concord, and Montreal R. R. will here 
crocs the Connecticut, The village contains one bank, cap. 
$75,000, and has some manufactures. 

Weluvillb, p. v., Alleghany co., A"! 3'.; 227 m. W. byS. 
Albany. 

917 



WEL ^^_ 

■WELiaviLlK, p. V. nnil sta., Columbiana co., Ohio: on 
W. bank of Ohio river, 126 m. E N. E. Columbus. II was 
laid oul in 1S24 by William Wells. It has very extensive 
trade with river towns and with the interior. The Cleve- 
land and Pittsburg K. K. here connecls by steamboat to 
Pittsburg with the other or railroad portic.n "f the route, to 
Cleveland, 100 m. An extension of the railroad to ■ffhpel- 
ins is now in progress. Pop. in 1S40, 7,^)9 ; in 1S50, 1,549. 

WF.I.ISV1LI.E. p. 0., Kewberry district, S. Car. : 47 miles 
W. N. W. Columbia. 

WiMDi-iELD, p. o., Geauga county, Ohio: 130 m. N. E. 
Columbus. 

"Welsh Run, p. o., Franklin CO., Penn.: 35 m. WT. S. W. 
Harrisburg. 

Wendk station, Erie co.,J\''.}' ; on Buffalo and Eochester 
E. E., 13 m. from Buffalo, 50 m. from Eochester. 

Wendell, t, p. v.. and sta., Franklin Co., jl/[i.s.<i. .■ 63 m. 
W. by N. Boston. Bounded N. by Miller's r., which affords 
water-power. The v., situate centrally, is neatly built. The 
Vermont and Massachusetts E. E. passes through its N. parL 
Pop. of t. 930. 

Wendell Dep6t, p. o. and sta.. Franklin CO., Masss. : on 
Vermont and Massachusetts E. E.. 40 m. from Fitchburg, 
29 m. from Brattleboro', 69 m. W. by N. Boston. 

Wenham, t,, p. v.. and sta., Essex Co., J/«*«. .• on Eastern 
E. E., 20 m. N. N. E. Boston. Surface pleasiintly diversified. 
Wenham Pond, about 1 m. sq., is a beautiful sheet of water, 
noted lor its transparency ; it abounds with fish, and in win- 
ter great quantities of ice are here cut for market. Pop. of 
t.9T7. 

W'ESTwoP.Tn, t., p. v., and sta., Graflon Co., K. Ihimp.: 
4S m. N. N. W. Concord. The t is drained by Baker river, 
which affords water-power to several mills ami factories. 
The Boston, Concord, and Monlreal E. E. passes througli 
the v., 67 m. from Concord. Pop. of t. 1.197. 

Westwortu, p. o., Lake co., III. : 193 m. N. E. by N. 
Springfield. 

Wentworth, p. v., and cap. Eockingham co., iV. Car.: 
on E. side of small branch of Dan r.. 70 m. N. W. by W. 
Ealeigh. It contains the county buildings. Population 
about 120. 

Wextwortu's Location, p. o., Coos county, N. Hamp. : 
117 m. N. Concord. 

Wescostille, p. o., Lehigh co., Penn.: 70 m. E. N. E. 
Harrisljurg. 
Wesley, p. o., Fulton co., Ind.: 85 m. N. Indiannpolis. 
Wesley, p. o.; Monroe co., J/w*. ; on E. side of Tombig- 
bee r., 142 m. N. E. Jackson. 

Wesley, p. o., Hickman county, Ky. : 125 m. W. S. W. 
Frankfort. 

WisLEV, t. and p. o., Washington CO., Me. : 114 m. E. N. E. 
Augusta. Pop. of I. S29. 

Wesley, p. o., Venango Co., Penn. : 168 m. W. N. W. of 
Harrisburg. 

Wesley, I. and p. v., ■Washington co.. Ohio : 47 m. 1". S. E. 
Columbus. Surfaceoft. rolling. Drained by small slreai\ia 
flowing into Ohio r. Pop. of 1. 1.561. 

Wesley, p. v., Haywood county. Tmn. : 3 m. S. of Eig 
Ualchee r.. 160 m. W. S. W. Nashville. 

Wesley Cut, p. o.. Tazewell county. III. : on E. side of 
Illinois r., 66 m. N. Springfield. 

WiiSLEY Chapel, p. o., Tippecanoe county, /»('.; 54 m. 
N. W. Indianapolis. 
Weslevville, p. v., Erie co., Penn. : 200 in. N. W. by W. 

Harrisburg. 

WKSoi.uLCA,p.o.,Eandolph CO., Ma.: SB m. N. E.byN. 

Montgomer)'. 

WE.ST river, Windham county. Verm. : an excellent mill- 
stream rises ill West'.n, flows ill gen.Tal course S. S. 1".., nnd 
cniplies into the Connecticut river in N. E. part of Brat- 
tleboro'. 

Wkit river, Anne Arundel co.. .)/./..■ a largo esliiary of 
Cliesiipe:d;e buy. in S. part of the cc.uulv. 
918 



WES 

West Acton, p. v. and sta., Middlesex co., J/tW5. .' on 
Filchburg E. E., 27 m. from Boston. 

West Addison, p. o., Steuben county, JIT, Y.: 190 m. 
W. by S. Albany. 

West Albubo, p. o. and sta.. Grand Isle co., Venn. : 62 
m. N. W. Montpelier. The Vermont Central it. E. pa-^-'es 
through, 1 mile E. Eouse's Point and 156J miles from 
Windsor. 

West Alesandeia. p. v., Washington co., Penn. : near 
the Ohio State line, 1S2 m. W. Harrisburg. The Uempfleld 
E. E. will pass near iu 

West Alexandeia, p. v., Preble co., Ohio: on W. Bide 
of Twin cr. of Miami r., 80 m. W. by S. Columbus. 

West Almond, t. and p. ov, Alleghany co., JV. Y.: 213 m. 
W. by S. Albany. Surface hilly. Drained by branches of 
Genesee r. Pop. 976. 

West Alton, p. v., Belknap Co., K Hamp. .' on W. shore 
of Winnipiseogee lake, 23 m. N. E. by N. Concord. 

West Auesisuey. p. o., Essex county, J/a.s«. : S5 m. N. 
Boston. 

West Andovee, p. v. and sta., Merrimac co., iV. Hamp. : 
on Northern E. E., 33 m. from Concord. 

West Axdoveb, p. o., Ashtabula co., Ohio : 162 ra. N. E, 
Columbus. 

West Anson, p. a, Somerset co.. Me. : 36 m. N. N. W. 
Augusta. 

Wist Arlington, pi o., Bennington ca. Verm.: SS m. 
S. S. W. Montpelier. 

West Asufokd, p. o., Windham eo., Conn. ; 28 m. E. N. E. 
Harirord. 

West Auburn, p. o., Susquehanna co., Pmn. : 100 m. 
N. N. E. Harrisburg. 
West Acp.oba, p. o.. Erie co., X. Y. : 26S m. W. Albany. 
West Avon, p. o., Hartford county, C&im.: IO4 m. W. 
Hart ford. 

West Bainbeidge, p. o., Chenango 00., Jf. Y.: 82 m. 
W. S. W. Albany. 

West Baldwin, p. o., Cumberland co.. Me.: on E. side 
of Saco r.. 63 m. S. W. by W. Augusta. 

West Baltimore, p. 0., Monlgomery co., Ohio: 66 ra. 
W. by S. Columbus. 

West Barnstable, p. v., Barnstable co., Mass. : &l m. 
S. E. by S. Boston. 

West Baere, p. o., Huntingdon county, Pemi. : 58 m. 
W. N. W. Harrisburg. 

West Barre, p. o., Fnlton co., Ohio: 123 m. N. N. W. 
Coluniims. 

West Bath, t and p. o., Lincoln county. Me. : 27 m. S. 
.\iii:usta. Pop. 560. 

West Beaver, p. o., Columbiana county, Ohio. : 123 m. 
E. N. E. Cfdumbus. 

West Becket, p. o., Berkshire co., J/a5.s. ; 104 m. W. 
Boston. 

W*i;sT Bedford, p. 0., Coshocton county, Ohio: 67 m. 
N. E. by K. Columbus. 

Wist Bknd, t., p. v., and capital of Washington couiily, 
UVm-. .• 63 m. E. N. E. Madison. Drained by Milwaukie 
r. and branches. The v. contains a court-house, jail, etc. 
Pop. of t. 672. 

WiaT Bergen, p. o. and sta.. Genesee Co.. K. Y. : on Buf- 
falo imil r.ocbeslcr E. E., 23 m. from Eochester, 46 m. from 
Buffalo. 224 in. W. by N. Albany. 

We^t llEKKsniBi!. p. o., Frankllu county. Verm. : 50 m. 
N. N. W. Montpelier. 

West Berlin, p. o., St Clair co., MicA. : 82 m. E. by N. 
Lansing. 

West Berlin, p. 0., Eensselaer cc^, iT. }'. : 13 m. E. 
Albany. 

West BEruANY, p. o., Genesee Co., A' Y. : 232 m. W. 
Alb.any. 
West Bethel, p. v. and sta.. Oxford co.. ^fe. : on E. side 
' of .\M.IrMsc..ggiii r. .'.4 m. W. Augllsla. The ,\thmtic and 
I !^l, Lawrence It. It. passes through. 74 111. from riirtiaii.l. 



WES 



WES 



Wkst Bi.oomfield, t. and p. v., Oakland co., ATich. : 60 m. 
E. by S. Lansing:. Pop. of I. 1,085. 

"West liLooMFiEi-D, p. v., Kssex county, K. Jer. : 4S m. 
N. E. by N. TrenUm. It contains several stores, etc. Shoe- 
making is rarrii'd r)n extensively. 

WhST Bi.itoMFiELi), t. and p, v., Ontario co.. X )'. .■ 19S 
miles W. Albany. Surfing of t somewhat hilly; drained 
by Iloneoye cr., which atfords walor-pow^T. The v. has an 
eli-vated aite, and contains 3 churches, with stores, etc. The 
CanandaiETiia and Niagara Falls It. 11. passes through it. 
Pup. ofi. l,()9i 

West Ijolton, p. o., Chittenden county, Venn.: IS m. 
N. W. by AV. Monlpclier. 

"W'KSTBOE.y, f., p. v., and sta., "Worcester co., Afasn. : 2S 
m. W. by S. Boston. Surface pleasantly divL-rsified, and 
cotitaininq: several ponds; soil feHile. Drained by branches 
(if Sudbury and Concord rivers, which atfurd wat-T-pinwr. 
Tlie Bnsloti and Worcester R. K. passes through S. purtof 
t, 32 m. from Boston, 13 m. from W<jrcesler. In this t. is 
located the State Reform School for boys, which generally 
contains about 300 inmates. Pop. of t. 2.370. 

Westboro', p. o., Clinton county, 0/uo ; 54 m. S. W. 
Columbus. 

West I^o^cawex, p. o., Merrimac co., ^. Ilump. : 12 m. 
N. W. Concord. 

West B<'Xford, p. o., Esssx co., Mas-i. : 24 m. N. Boston. 

West Boylston, t., p. v., and sta., Wurctsier co., Mass. : 
SG ni. \V. Boston. Draincii by branches of Nashua r., which 
afford water-power to various factories. The Worcester and 
Nashua R. R. passes through the v., 9 ni. from Worcester, 
8C ni. from Nashua. Pop. oft. 1,T49. 

West Bi'-aintkee, p. o., Orange county, Venn.: 22 m. 
W. byS. Monlpelier. 

West Beancu, p. o., Oneida co., _v; Y. : on branch of 
Mohawk r.. 102 m. W. N. W. Albaiiy. 

West Bbattleboro', p. v. Windliam co., Verm.: 102 m. 
S. Moniprlier. 

West Beewster, p. o., Barnstable eo., Mass. : 6.3 m. S. E. 
Boston. 

West Bridgewatee, t and p. v., Plymouth co., Mum. : 
24 m. S. Boston. Surface level ; drained by a large branch 
of Tautilnn r.. which affords water-power. The Fall River 
li. R. touches its E. border. Pop. oft. 1.44T. 

West Bi:ook, t., p. v., and sta.. Middlesex co., Conn,: 36 
ni. S. by E. Hartford. Bounded S. I)y Long Island Sound. 
The New Havea and New London R. R. passes through, 
26 m. from New Haven, 24 m. from New London. Popu- 
lation oft. 1,203. 

West Brook, p. o., Bladen co., K Car.: on W. Bide of 
Cape Fear r., S3 m. S. by E. Raleigh. 

West Brookfield, L, p. v., and sta., Worcester co. 3fass. : 
57 in. W. by S. Boston. Surface pleasantly diversiflcii, and 
contains a handsome pond. The Western K. R. passes 
through the S. part of L, 25 m. from Worcester, 69 m. from 
BostoiL I'op. oft. 1,344. 

West BiiooKFiEtn, p. o., Stark county, Ohio: 100 miles 
N. E. by K. C<»lunil)us. 

West Buookville, p. v., Hancock co., Me. : 52 m. E. 
Augusta. 

West Beookville, p. v., Sullivan co., X >'. ; S4m. S. S.W. 
Albany. 

West Brownsville, p. v., Washington eo., 7V;in. ; 175 
m. W. Harrishurg. Pop. 47T. 

Wfjit IJl'ckfield, p. o., Oxford co., Me. : 32 m. W. by S. 
Augusta. 

West Ecffalo, p. o., Scott co., la,: on W. side Missis- 
eipiii r.. 41 ni. E. S. E. Iowa City. 

West BL■ELI^-GTO^f, p. o., Otsego co., N'. Y.: 74 m. W. 
Albany. 

Wi".sT Burlington, p. o., Bradford co., Ptjnn. : 1()2 m. N. 
Harrishurg. 

Westhl-ky, p. o., Wayne co., N. Y.: IGf) m. W. by N. 
AJljaJiy. 



West Butler, p. o., Wayne co., iV". Y.: 163 m. W. by N. 
Albany. 

Wf-st BrsTON, p. o., York county. Me.: 63 m. S. W. 
Augusta. 

Wf.'^t Cambridge, t.. p. v.. and sta., Middlesex co., Mam. : 
6 m N. W. Boston. Siirtace in S. E. part level, low, and 
somewhat tnarsiiy; in the middle more elcvatecJ and dry; 
in N. W. part broken and ro-iky. It contjiinsSpy and Lillle 
ponds with part of Fresli Pond, which are very beautiful 
slu'cts of water, abounding with ttsh, and furnishing great 
quantilies of iee for Boston market and exportation. Soil 
fertile aiid highly cultivated. <Jreat quantities of garden 
vegetables and fruit aic raised for Ihe Boston markets, 
M:inulaeturing eslablislunents are not numerous. Many 
persons here residing transact their daily business in Bos- 
ton, to which trains run hourly, over the Fitchburg B. R. 
The Lexington and West Cambridge Branch R. R extends 
hence to Lexington v., 5 m. This t. and vicinity are of 
mucii historical interest. The valuation of properly in this 
t.. in 184fi, was $472,423 ; in ISoO, $1,671,644. l*op. of t. in 
184M,3i33; in lS.iO, 2,202. 

West Camden, p. o., Waldo county. Me.: 39 m. E. S. E. 
Augusta. 

West Camden, p. o, and sla., Oneida co., N. Y.: on 
Waterlown and Rome R. R., 2:} m. from Rome, 120 m. 
W. N. W.Albany. 

West Camehon, p. o., Steuben co., AT. }' ; 196 m. W. by 9. 
Albany. 

West Camp, p. v., Ulster co., X. Y. : on W. side of Hud- 
son r., 38 m. S. by W. Alliany. 

West Camptox. p. o., Graflon county, X. [lamp. : 42 m. 
N. by W. Concord. 

West Canada creek, X. Y. : rises in Hamilton co., flows 
S. W., S. E., and S.. an'l empties into Mohawk r, 1 m. below 
Herkimer v. It has a very rapid current, affording great 
water-power. Its principal descent is at Trenton Falls, 
2o m. above its mouth, where it has a descent of more thau 
800 feet in 4 miles. 

Wpst Canaan, p. o. and sta., Grafton co., X. ITatnp. : 
on Nortiiera R. R., 56 m. from Concord, 13 m. from W. 
Lebanon. 

West Candor, p. o., Tioga co., X. Y. : 140 m. W. by S. 
Albany. 

We^t Carlisle, p. v., Coshocton co., O^tio : 35 m. E.N.E. 
Columbus. 

AVe^t Carlton, p. o., Orleans county, X. Y. : 240 m. 
W. by N. Albany. 

WestCavlta, p. o., Chemung co.yX. Y. : 153 m. W. by 3. 
Albany. 

West Charleston, p. o., Penobscot county. Me. .■ 64 m. 
N. E. Augusta. 

Wkbt Chaklestov, p. v.| Miami co., Ohio; 58 m. W. 
Columbus. 

West Charleston, p. v., Orleans co., Venn. : on N. side 
of Clyde r., 5am. N. N. E. Montpetier. 

West Charlton, p. v., Saratoga county, X. Y. : 24 m. 
N. W. by N. Albany. 

Wfat Crazy, p. v., and sta., Clinton co., X. Y. : on Plalts- 
bnrg and Montreal I!, li., 10 m. from PIalt*liurg, 52 m. from 
Montreal, 152 UL N. Albany. It contains a church, stores, 
etc., and several mills on Lillle Ch;izy r. 

Wf,^t CHEr.MsFoKO, p. v., Middlesex co., Mass.: 23 m 
N. W. Boston. 

Westcukster county, A^ Y. Situate S. E., an<l contains 
470 sq. m. Drained by Crolon, Sawmill, an<l Bronx rivers, 
which sui>ply good water. Surface generally hilly, being 
broken by numerous ri«lg4-s, running chiefly from S. W. to 
N. E. ; soil naturally indifferent, hut where cuItivaU;<l is pro- 
ductive. Gottd crops fif corn are raised, and fruits and 
vegetables in considerable qiiantily. These, with wheal and 
Indian corn, form the sla[>le productions. This coutuy is 
rieh in miii<-rals. At Sing-Sing marble is found in abund- 
ance, and iu the vicinity is a copper mine formerly wrought, 

919 



WES 



WES 



butforsome timt- jilKtrnIoiieii. UconLninsC'rottmluki.^ wbicli. 
by means of an a»nu'<luct, supplier New York with n am- 
slancy of tresh water. Farms 2,58T; inanuf. 896; dwell. 
S,754, and pop.— wh. 56,217, fr. col. 2,04G— tolid SS.'JCS. Cap- 
itals : Bedford ami White Plains. Puhlic Works: lliids'Hi 
Eiver K. II.; Harlem R. K.; New York and New Haven 
R. E. ; Croton Aqueduct. 

"WESTcuEexEB, p. V., Now London county, Conn. : 20 m. 
S. E. by S. Hartford. It contains a church, academy, several 
stores, etc 

Wkstchester. t and p. v., Westell eater co., N.Y.: 123 m. 
S. Albany. Bounded E. and 8. by East r., and W. by Bronx 
r. Surface pleasantly diversified ; soil clay loam, and highly 
cultivated, producing immense <juantities of garden vege- 
tables, etc, for the New York markets. The v., on Westr 
Chester cr., 12 m. from the City Hall, New York, contains 
3 churches, stores, etc., and about 500 inhabitants. Sloops 
ply hence to New York. Pop. of t. 2,492. 

Westcuesteb, p. v., Butler co., Ohio: 84 m. S. W. by W. 
Columbus. 

"Westcuestek, p. b., and cap. Chester co., Perm. : 70 m. 
E. by S. Harrisbarg. It is regularly laid out with streets, 
crossing each other at right angles. Incorporated as a 
borough in 1 T99. It contains the county buildings, 2 market- 
houses, 1 bank, capital $225,000, and 6 churches. It has 
considerable trade and manufacturer, and is connected by 
a branch of the Columbia R. R., with Philadelphia. A 
direct railroad to Philadelphia is also being constructed. 
Its citizens are noted for enterprise and intelligence, 
and have several literary associations. Five weekly 
newspapers were published in 1S50 — "Village Record" 
(whig), "Register and Examiner" (whig), "Republican" 
(dem.), " Jefferson ian^' (dem.), and " Phteuix Ledger" (dem.) 
Pop. about 2,500. 

West Cuesteefield, p. c, Hampshire co., Mass. : 92 m. 
W. Boston. 

West Claremont, p. v., Sullivan co., N. Hamp. : 41 m. 
W. by N. Concord. 

West Clarksvelle, p. v., Alleghany co., N. Y. : 242 m. 
W. by S. Albany. 

West Climax, p. o., Kalamazoo co., Mich. : 55 m. S. W. 
Lansing. 

West Colesville, p. v., Broome county, iV. Y. : 92 m. 
W. S. W. Albany. 

West Columbia, p. v., Mason co., Virg. : 263 m. W.N.W. 
Richmond. 

West Cohcobd, p. v., Erie county, *V. Y. : 262 miles W. 
Albany. 

West Concord, p. v. and sta., Merrimac co., N. llamp. : 
on Northern R. R., 3 m. W. N. W. Concord. It contains a 
cotton factory, carriage manufactory, etc. The Merrimac 
and Connecticut Rivers R. R. passes through the place. 

West Con'cord, p. v., Essex co., Verm. : S6 m. E. by N. 
Montpelier. 

West Cosesus, p. v., Livingston co., JV". Y. : 208 m. W. 
Albany. 

West Constable, p. o., Franklin county, JVl Y. : 162 m. 
W. by N. Albany. 

West Cornwall, p. v. and sta., Litchfield co., Conn: on 
E, side of Housatonic r., 36 m. W. by N. Hartford. The 
Housatonic R. R. passes through, 61 m. from Bridgeport, 
49 m. from PittsQeld. It contains a church and several 
manufacturing establishments. 

West Cornwall, p. o., Addison county, Venri.: 36 m. 
8. W. by W. Montpelier. 

West Creek, p. o., Lake county, Ind. : 6S m. N. N. W. 
Indianapolis. 

West Creek, p. o.. Ocean county, K Jer. : 34 m. S. E. 
Trenton. 

West Cumberland, p. c, Cumberland co., Me. ; 43 m. 
S. W. by S. Augusta. 

West Daxby, p. v., Tompkins co., 2i. Y. : 144 m. W. by 
S. Albany. 
920 



West Danvi:i:s, sta., Essex co., Mass.: on Salem and 
Lowell R. R., 6 m. from Salem, IS m. from Lowell. 

WfST Dastille, p. v., Cumberland co., Me. : 31 m. S.W. 
Augusta. 

West Davenport, p. v., Delaware co., IT. Y. : 62 m. W. 
by S. Albany. 

West Day. p. o., Saratoga co., 2f. r; : on Sacandaga r., 

44 m. N. N. W. All>auy. 

West Dediiam. p. v. and sta., Norfolk county, Mass. : on 
Norfolk County R. R., 12 m. S. W. from Boston, 23i m. 
from Blackstone. 

West Deerfield, p. v., Rockingham co.. A' Hamp. : 
13 m. S. K. by E. Concord. 

West Dennis, p. o., Barnstable co., Mass. : 63 m. S. E. 
Boston. 

West Derby, p. v., Orleans co., Venn,: 53 ni. N. N. E. 
Montpelii^r. 

West Dover, p. v., Windham county, Verm.: 77 m. S. 
Montpelier. 

West Dovbr, p. o., Piscataquis co.. Me. : 65 ni. N. E. by 
N. Augusta. 

West Deesdex, p. o., Yates co., X. Y. : 176 m.W. Albany. 

West Dryden, p. v,, Tompkins co., 2^. Y. : 140 m. W. 
Albany. 

West Ddblix, p. v., Fulton co., Penn.: 5S m. W. by S. 
Harrisburg. 

West Dummeeston, p. v., Windham co.. Verm.: SO m, 
S. Montpelier. 

West Dirham, p. o., Cumberland co., Me.: S2 m. S. W. 
by S. Augusta. 

West Duxbcey, p. v., Plymouth co., Mass.: 36 m. S. E. 
Boston. 

West Edmeston, p. v.. Otsego co., K. Y. : on E. side of 
Unadilla r., SO m. W. Albany. 

West Elizabeth, p. v., Alleghany county, Pejjn. ; onW. 
side Monongahela r,, 155 m. W. Harrisburg. 

West Elkton, p. o., Preble co., Ohio : 86 m. W. by S. 
Columbus. 

West Eli-ery, p. o., Chautauqua co., N. Y. : 297 m. W. 
by S. Albany. 

West Ely, \k o., Marion county, Mo. : 85 m. N. N, E. of 
Jefferson City. 

West Emden, p. v., Somerset co,, Me. : 44 m. N. by W. 
Augusta. 

West End, p. o., Bedford co., Penn.: 84 m. W. by S. of 
Harrisburg. 

West Enfield, p. o., Graflou county, X. Ramp.: 39 m. 
N. W. Concord. 

West Ekfield, p. o., Penobscot co., Me. : 72 m, N. E. of 
Augusta. 

West Enosburg, p. v., Franklin co., Verm. : 54 m. W. 
by N. Montpelier. 

Westerloo, t. and p. v., Albany co., K. Y. : 17 m. S, W. 
Albany. Drained by Provost cr. ami other branches of 
CalsklU r. The t contains several grist and saw mills, but 
the inhabitants are generally engaged in farming, etc. 
Pop. 2,S60. 

Westebloo island, Albany co., K. Y. : lies in the Hud- 
son r., in Albany co., opposite Bethlehem, to wliich i. it is 
attached. It is 2 m. long, i m. wide, and of extraordinary 
fertility. 

Wf^tebly, t., p. v., and sta., Washington co., P. I. : 26 m. 
W. by S. Newport. Bounded S. by the Atlantic and W. by 
Connecticut. Pawtucket r. flows on its N. and W. border, 
affording water-power to numerous mills and factories. The 
t has an uneven surface, and contains several stores, 3 
churches, and 3 banks, capital $325,000. It has consider- 
able coasting trade and shii>-building. The Stonington and 
Providence R. R. passes throu;jh it, 5 m. from Stoningtonj 

45 m. from Providence. Pop. of t. in 1S40, 1,913 ; in 1S50, 
2,766. 

Westerman's Mills, p. o., TJalliinore co., M<h : on Bal- 
limoro and Sus()uehauna U. R., 13 m. from Baltimore. 



WES 



WES 



■Western Ford, p. o.» Kandotpli co., Virif. : on W. siJe 
of Cln--at r., 163 m. N. "W. Richmond. 

Westeesport, p. v., Alleghany co., MU. : on N. side 
Potomac r, 135 ra. "W. by N. Annapolis. It is connt't-ted by 
railroad with the coal mines, and will become an important 
place of deposit. 

Wester.v Prong, p. o., Eladen co., y. Oar.: about 2 m. 
"W. AVhile Marsh or.. S4 m. S. Kaleigh. 

We^^tekn- Saeatoga, p. o., Union co., III. : 162 ra. S. by E. 
SprinirlieM. 

Western Stak. p. o., Summit county, (Mio: 96 m. N. E. 
Cnliunbiia. 

WisTEENvn,LE. p. V., Ofleida co., .V. l'.;on Mohawk r. 

and Black River Canal, SO m. "W. N. W. Albany. I,t con- 

t;iins 2 cliurohea. sex'eral stores, and mills. Pop. aljout SiiO. 

"Wksternville, p. v.,Franklinco.. O/iio: 12 m. Columbns. 

"West Exeter, p, n., Otsego <jo., A'. V. : 7(1 m. "W. by N. 

Albany. 

West Fairfield, p. v., "Westmoreland co., Penn. : on a 
small branch of Cuneniau^h r., llo m. W. Harrisbiirg. In 
the vicinity is a charcual hot-blast lurnace. with annual ca- 
pacity of I.SOO tons, employing SO men; also a charcoal 
coa!-I>ia8t furnace, with annual capacity of 1,10(( tons, em- 
ploying 40 men. 

West Fairler. t. and p. v.. Orange co., Venn.: 2S m. 

S. E. MMUtpelier. Surface mountainous. Drained by 

Iranch'fs of Ompompanoosuc r. Pop. Gi'G. 

West Falls, p. o., Erie co., Jf. Y. : 264 m. "W. Albany. 

"West Falmoutd, p. v., Cumberland county, Me. : 4S ra. 

S. "W. by S. Augusta. 

West Falmocth, p. v., Barnstable county, Mn^x. : .^3 m. 
S. 6. E. Boston. 

West Faemington, p. o., Ontario county, .V". Y. : 169 m. 
W. by N. Albanv. 

West Farms, t and p. v., "Westchester co., N. Y. : 126 m. 
S. A bany. The t is bounded E. by Bronx r. and W. by 
Harlem r., and contains several pleasant villages on the 
Harltiu U. R. The v. on Bronx r. contains 4 churches and 
several factories. Several stoops ply to New York, convey- 
ing connin' produce to the city markets. Pop. of I, 4,436. 

Wi:sT Fayette, p. o., Seneca co., N. Y. : 165 m. W. by N. 
Albany. 
"Westvielt), p. o., Clark co., lU. : 90 m. E. by S. Springfield. 
"Wksi FIELD, p. o., Uamilton county, Ind.: IS miles N. 
Indiana[»oIis. 

"WcsTFiELD, t,, p. v., and sta., Hampden co., M<im. : 74 m. 
W. by S. Boston. Surface diversifit-d. Praincd by West- 
fleld r. and ils branch. Little r., wliioh afford wat»r-i>ower 
to numerous manufactories. The v. is handsomely situated 
on a plain, and is neatly built. In the centre is a puiilic 
ground. lYi'nting which are the principal churches and ho 
tels. The v. contains a town-house. State normal sclmol, 
an academy, several churches, and 2 bank.*, capita! t20o.0ii0. 
Tlie Western R. R. passes through it. 9 m. from Springfield, 
64 m. from Worcester, lOS m. from Boston, and 92 nL fmm 
Albany. The " News-Letter" (whig) and " Standard'' (dcm.) 
are issued weekly. Pop. of {, in 1S40, 3.526 ; in 1S50, 4,1S6, 
Westfield, t., p. v., and sta.. Essex co., K. Jer.: 36 m. 
N. E. by N. Trenton. Surface in S. part level, in N. part 
hilly. The t. contain? several flouring and grist mills. The 
New Jersey Cenlrat P. R. passes through, 23 m. from Ntw 
York, .% m. from Eiislom Pop. 1.575. 

"WESTFiELn, t., p. v.. and sta., Chautauqne co., N. Y. : S06 
m. "W. by S. Albany. Surface hilly, declining toward Lake 
Erie, whiih bounds Hon the N. Drained by Chanlauque cr. 
and oUier streams. The v. on fhnutauque cr, \\ ni. fmrn 
the lake, contains several manufictiiring est;U>lishments 
and mills, a bank, 4 churches, an academy, etc.. and about 
1,01)0 inhabitants. The Huffalo and Slate Line R. R. passes 
throiigli it. .^7 ni. from Buffalo. The " Weslfleld Messenger" 
(whig) is bi-rt' published. Pop. of i. 3.100. 

"Westeielii. l and p. v., Morrow co., Ohio: 31 m. N. 
Columbus. Draioed by E. branch of Whetstone r. The 

U5 



Cleveland, CoIuml)U8, and Cincinnati R. K. passes through 
its E. part. Pop. of 1. 1,414. 

WESTFrELD, t. and p. o., Tioga co., Penn.: on S. sriie t.f 
Coivanesque cr., 117 m. W. by N. Harrisburg. Population 
of t. 1,000. 

"Westfield, t. and p. o., Orleans county. Verm. : 41 m. 
N. by E. Montpelier. Surface diversifled. Drained !>y 
branches of Missisque r. Pop. 502. 

"Westfield, p. o., Marquette co., Wise, : 6i) m. N. by !.. 
Madison. 

West Finlet, t. and p. v., Washington co., Penn. : sur- 
face very hilly. Drained by branches of Whifcling cr. The 
Hemptleld 11. R. will pass through its N. part. Population 
about 1,200. 

West Fitcububg, p. v. and sta., Worcester co., Mnsa. : 
<m "\'ermont and Ma.ssachu setts R. R., 2 m. W. by S. Fitcii- 
burg. 43 m. W. N. W. Boston. 

WtsT Floeence, p. v., Preble co., Ohio: 93 m. W. by S. 
Columbus. 

Westfuep, p. v., Windham CO., Conn. : 29 m. E. N. E. 
Hartford. It contains 2 churches, stores, etc. 

Wr,sTFoRi>, t., p. v., and sta., Middlesex co.. J/'a.s.s^ ; 23 m. 
N. W. by W. Boston. Surface elevated. Drained by Stony 
r., whicli affords water-p<jwer. The v. near the centre con- 
tains 2 churches, an academy, stores, etc. The station on 
Stony Brook \X. R., is 10 m. from Groton, 7 m. from Lowell. 
The i. contains severtil mills and manufacturing establish- 
ments. Pop. of L 1,473. 

Westford, t. and p. o., Otsego county, X. Y. : 53 m. W. 
Albany. The inhabiianls are generally engaged in agri- 
cultural pursuits. Pup. 1,423. 

Wf^tfoed, t. and p. v., Chittenden co., Verm. : 31 m. 
N. W. Montpelier. Drained by Brown's r., tril)utary J^) La- 
moille r., fl(twing through the t. centrally. Surface nngh ; 
soil best adiipted to grazing. Pop. of t. ],4&'*. 

West Fork, p. o., Overton co., Tenn.: 85 m. E. by X. 
Nashville. 

West Fort Ann, p. c, Washington co.. A'. 3'.- 55 m. 
N. by E. Albany. 

West Fowler, p. o., St. Lawrence county, j\' Y: on S. 
Oswegatehie r., 144 m. N. W. by N. Albany. 

Wist Fosboeo', p. v., Norfolk co., Mass. : 23 m. S. S. W. 
Boston. 

We<t Franklin, p. v., Posey co., Ind.: 150 m. S. W. 
by S. Indianapolis. 

Wf.st Fkanklin, p. V. Bradford co., Penn.: 90 m. N. 
Harrishurg. 

WF.ST Fheedom, p. o., Waldo CO., Me. : 26 m. N. E. by E. 
Augusta. 

Wfat Freeman*, p. o., Franklin county, Me.: 45 mil-s 
N. W. by N. Augusta. 

West Fdlton, p. o., Schoharie co., A'". Y. : 86 m. W. by S. 
AlKiny. 

West Fulton, p. o., Itawamba county. Mm.: on E. side* 
Tombigbee r, 16S m. N. E. by N. Jackson. 

West Gaines, p. o., Orleans co., AI Y. : 240 m W. by N. 
Alliany. 

West Galway, p. o., Fulton co., N. Y. : 40 m. N. W. 
Albany. 

Wf^t Garlani', p. o., Penobscot co., 3fe. : 61 m. N. E. 
by N. Augusta. 

West Geseske, p. v., Alleghany county, A^. Y. : 210 m. 
W. by S. Albany. 

Wkst Gilboa. p. 0., Schoharie co.. A'. }' .* 42 m. W. S. W 
Albany, 

Wf-st Glaze, p. o., Camden county. Mo. : 47 m. S. S. W. 
Jefferson City. 

WF.ST Glenbubn, p. o., Penobsfot co., Me. : 63 m. N. E. 
Augusta. 

West GLoroESTEii, p. o., Cumberland co., Me.: 86 m. 
S. W. Augusta. 

West Gokham, p. v., Cumberland co,, Me. : 57 m. S. W. 
by S. Augusta, 

921 



WES 



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West Gusiien, p. a, LitcbfleUl co., Conn. : 31 m. W. by N. 
Harlfor.i 

West Gouldsboko', p. v., HaDcock CO., Me. : 85 m. E. 
Augusta. 

West Gkasbt, p. o., TlJirtfnrJ co., Coim.: on N. side of 
branch of Furnungton r., 19 m. N. W. by N. Uartfoni. 

"West GitASViLLE, p. o., Hampden counly, Mans.: 99 m. 
W. by S. Boston. 

Wf:sT Gkeat Works, p. o., Penobscot county, Me. : on 
Penobsctil r., 73 m. N. "W. by W. Augusla. 

M'est Gkeece, p. 0., Monroe co., N. Y. : 212 m. W. by N. 
Albany. 

West Green-field, p. v., Saratoga county, K I^ ; 83 m. 
N. by W.Albany. 

Wf8t GitKENviLLE, t. and p. v., Mercer CO., Penn. : 194 m. 
W. N. W. llarrisburg. T!ie t. contains several mills. Pop. 
about 700. 

West Greenwich, t. and p. v., Kent co., Ji. L: 23 m. 
W. N. W. Newport. Drained by W^ood r. and branches, 
and by S. branch of Pawluxet r., which afford water-power 
to several large factories of sheetintrs, cotlon-yani, etc. ; and 
to numerous grist and saw mills. Tho v. contains a church, 
stores, etc. Pop. 1,350. 

West Greenwich Centre, p. v., Kent co., It, /. ; 24 m. 
W. N. W. Newport 

West Greenwood, p. o., Steuben county, K. Y. : 211 m. 
W. by S. Albany. 

AVest Groton, p. v., Tompkins co., N. Y.: 139 m.W. Albany. 

WestGeoton. p. V. and sla., Mi<idlesex co., Mass.: on 
Peterboro' and Shirley R. U., 4 m. from Groton, 19 ra. fl-ora 
Mason village; 31 m. N. W. by W. Boston. 

W'est Grove, p. o., Chester co., Perm. : 60 m. E. by S. 
llarrisburg. 

"West Hadley, p. o., Saratoga co., A'i T". .* 4S m. N. by W. 
Albany. 

West Halifax, p. o., Windham co., Venn. : 106 m. S. 
Mnntpelier. 

West Hampden, p. o., Penobscot county, Me.: 58 m. 
N. E. by E. AuL'Usta. 

West Hampton, t. and p. o., Hampshire co., Mass. : 
S7 ni. W. Bo!?tiin. Surface rough ; drained by North r. and 
branch. Pop. 602. 

West Hanovek, p. v., Dauphin co., Penn. : 10 m. N. E. 
Harrisburg. Hire is a hol-btast charcoal furnace, with 
annual capacity of 2,215 Ions, employing 100 men. 

West H arpetu, p. o., Williams<m co., Tenn. : 14 m. S. W. 
Nashville. 

West Hap.pswell, p. o., Cumberland co.. Me.: 87 m. 
S. by W. vVugusta. 

West Hartford, p. v., Hartford co., Conn. : 4 m. W. 
Hartford. 

West Hartford, p. r. and sta., Windsor co., Vei'm.: on 
N. E. bank of White r., 41 m. S. by E. Montpelier. The 
Vermont Central U. R. passes through. 21 m. from Wind- 
sor, 56 in. from Montpelier, and lo6 m. from Rouse's Point. 
The waler-powcr at this place is p.irtially improved, and 
the maniifiicture of woolens and leather is carried on to 
some extent. 

West Hartland, p. v., Hartford co.. Conn. : 22 ra. N. W. 
Hartford. 

West Hartland, p. o., Somerset co., Me. : 40 m. N. by E. 
Augusta. 

Wf^t Harwick. p. o., Barnstable co., Mass. : 66 ra. S. E. 
Boston. 

West Haven, t. and p. v., Rutland co,, Vet'-m, : 58 m. 
S. W. by S. Montpelier. Bounded W. by Lake Champlain, 
and S. by PouUney r. Draine<l by Hul.>bardton's r. and 
Cogman's cr., which afford niill privileges. Pop. 718. 

WFitT Haven, p. v. and sta.. New Haven co.. Conn. : on 
New York and New Haven R. R., 3 ra. S. W. New Haven, 
and 73 m. from New York. 

West Haverford, p. o., Delaware co., Penn.: 85 m. 
E. by S. Harrisburg. 
922 



West Hawley, p. v., Franklin co., Mass. : 97 m. W. by N. 
Boston. 

W EST Hebron, p. o., Washington co., KY.:iQ m. N. N. E. 
Albany. 

West Hebron, p. v., M'Henry co.^IU.: 192 m. N. N. E. 
Springfield. 

West Henniker, sla., Merrimac co., N. Ilamp. : ou Con- 
toorook Valley R. R., 16 m. W. by S. Concord. 

Wf^t Heniuetta, p. o., Monroe county, N. Y.: 209 m. 
W. by N. Albany. 

West Hills, p. o., Suffolk co., N. Y.: 133 m. S. by E. 
Albany, on Palisade blulf, \\ m. from Hoboken. 

West Hobo^ex, p. v., Hudson co., N. Jer. : ferry SJ m. 
N. N. W. from City Hall, New York ; 54 m, N. E. Trenton. 
It has a fine site, and is a rapidly growing village. 

West Hopkinton, sta., Merrimac co., K. Ilamp. : on 
Contoocook Valley R. R., 10 m. W. Coqcord. 

West Hurley, p. o., Ulster co., N. Y. : 75 m. S. by W. 
Albany. 

West Jefferson, p. o., Lincoln co., Me. : 16 m. S. E. 
Augusta. 

West Jefferson, p. v. and sta,, Madison co., Ohio: on 
W. bank of Little Darby cr., and on Columbus and Xenia 
R. R.. 14 m. W. by S. Columbus. Pop. 430. 

We5t Jersey, p. v., Stark co., 171. : 90 m. N. Springfield. 

Wf-st Junius, p. o., Seneca co.. A''. Y. : 167 m. W. by N. 
Albany. 

West Kendall, p. v., Orleans co., K Y. : 232 m. W. by N. 
Albany. 

West Kill, p. v., Greene county, Ji. Y.: 46 ra. S. W. 
Albany. 

West Killingly, p. v., Win'Uiam co., Conn. : 42 m. E. 
Hartfitrd. It contains several factories and stores. The 
"True Democrat" is hero published. 

Wf£t Kisderuook, p. v., Tipton county, Iriri. : 81 m. 
N. by E. Indianapolis. The Peru and Indianapolis K. K. 
passes 2 m. W. from it. 

Wf5t La Favktte, p. o., Coshocton co., Ohio: 65 m. 
E. N. E. Columbus. 

Westland, p. v., Halifax county, Jf. Car. : 73 m. N. E. 
Raleigh. 

West Laurens, p. v., Otsego counly, K.Y.: "5 m. W. 
Albany. 

West Lebanon, p. v., Warren co., I/id. : 70 m. W. N.W. 
Indianapolis. 

West Lebanon, p. o.,York co., Me. : on E. side of Salmon 
river. 90 m. S.W. by S. Augusta. 

West Lebanon, p. v. and sta., Grafton co., jV. Unnip. : 
on E. side of Connecticut r., at moulh of Maseomy r., 51 ra. 
N.W. by N. Concord. Here terminates the Northern R. R. 
from Concord, d^ m. long, which here connects with the 
Vermont Central R. R., and the Connecticut and Passunip- 
sic Rivers 11. R., which cross the Connecticut to receive 
passengers. The v. contains extensive car-houses, shops, 
etc. of the Northern R. R. 

West Lebanon, p. v., WajTie co., Ohio: 84 m. N. E. 
Columbus. 

West Lebanon, p. v., Indiana counly, Penn.: 115 m. 
W. by N. llarrisburg. 

West Levant, p. o., Penobscot co.. Me. : 68 m. N. E. 
Augusta. 

West Lexington, p. o., Lewis co., Al Y.: 46 ra. S. W. 
Albany. 

WestLetden, p. v.,Lewisco.,^. K.- 105 ra. N. W, by W. 
Albany. 

West Libekty, p. v., Muscatine county, la. : 12 m. 8. E. 
Iowa City. 

WfST Liberty, p. v., and cap. Morgan county, Ky. : on 
N. side Licking r.. 100 m. E. by S. KrankforL It contains 
the county buildings and several dwellings. 

Wr.ST LiBEitTY. p. V. and sta.. Logan co., 0/ito: 42 m. 
W.N. W.Columbus. Laid out in lSil7, and now conlnins 
several churches, etc. The " West Liberty Banner" (neut.) 



WES 

Is here publisheil. Tlie MaJ Eiver and Lake Erie E. E. 
passes through il, 111) m. from Sandusky, -i-i m. tram Day- 
ton, and lis m. from Cincinnati. Pop. about 51)0. 

Wf^t Liberty, p. v.. Liberty county, TtAJC. : 169 m. E. 
Austin City. 

West Libektv, p. v., Ohio co., Vlrg.: 2-12 m. N. W. 
Kielimcnid. 
WtjsT Lodi, p. v., Seneca co., Ohio : 8-3 m. N. Columbus. 
West Lokville, p. v., Lewis Co., -V. 1'. : 126 m. N. W. 
Albany. 

West Lcibec, p. o.,Washington co., Me. : 139 m. E. by N. 
Auiriisla. 

West Macedox, p. a, Wayne Co., X. I'. ; 190 m.W. by N. 
Albany. 

Wkt M.\nciiestee, p. v., Allegliany co., Penn. : 165 m. 
W. by N. llarrisburg. 

West Ma)itissbuug, p. v., Lewis county, A'. Y. : 120 m. 
N. W. by W. Albany. 

West Memord, p. r. and sla., Middlesex Co., Mass. : on 
Boston and Lowell K. E., 5 m. N. N. W. Boston. 

West Medwat, p. v., Norlblk co.. Mass. : 25 m. S.W.byW. 
Boston. 

West Meeedith, p. v., Delaware county, N. Y. : 67 m. 
W. by S. Albany. 

West Mekiden, p. v., New Haven CO., Gmn. : IS m. 
8. S. W. llartlord. 

West MiuDLEiinr.0, p. v., Logan county, Ohii>: SS m. 
W. N.W. Columbus. 

West Middlesex, p. o., Mercer county, Penn. : 190 m. 
W, N. W. Harrisburg. 

West Middletown, p. b., W.iahington co., Perm. : ISO m. 
W. Harrislmrg. Pop. about 300. 

West .Milan, sta., Coos co., X. IJump.: on the Atlantic 
and St. Lawrence K. E., 110 m. from Portland; 95 ra. N. 
Concord. 

West Milfoed, t and p. o.. Passaic co., N. Jt'r, : CO m. 
N. N.K. Trentim. The t. contains a large number <»f forges, 
with several tanneries, grist anil saw mills. Pop. 2,624. 

Wf^t Milfoed, p. o., Harrison county, Virg.: 200 ro. 
N. W. by W. Eichmond. 

West Millbibt, p. v., Worcester county, Mass. : 8S m. 
W. S. W. Boston. 

Wr.ST Mill Grove, p. o.. Wood co., Ohio : 89 m. N. N. W. 
Columbus. 

West Milto.n, p. v., Sar.atoga co., jV. Y.: 2S m. N. by W. 
Albany. 

West Milto.v, p. o., Miami county, Ohio: 72 m. W. 
Columbus. 

West Milton, p. v., Chittenden co., Venn.; on S. side 
of Lamoille r., 36 ni. N. W. .Monl|ielier. 

West .Mi.sot, p. o., Cumberland co.. Me. : 31 m. S.W. by W. 
Augusta. 

Westminster, p. v., Windham co,, Conn. : 34 m. E. by S. 
Ilartf.rd. 

Westminster, p. v., and cap. Carroll county. 31(7.: 47 m. 
N. W. by N. Annapolis. It contains the county huilrlings, 
several churelies, and 1 bank, cap. JllO.flOO. The " Carroll- 
Ionian" (whigl, and "Carroll Co. Democrat," are issued 
weekly. The Weslminster Branch E. E., diverging from 
the Baltimore and Susquehanna E. E. at the Eelay House. 
7 m. N. to Baltimore, is in construction to this place. Poj). 
in 15511 7S4 wh., and 51 fr. col.— total S:35. 

Westminster, t., p. v., and sta., Worcester Co.. Mas.'.: 
45 m. W. by N. Boston. Drained by affluents of Nashua r. 
The v. contains 3 churches. The sta., on Vermont and 
Massachusetts U. E., 5 ui. from Fitchburg. is in its N. E. 
parL Pop. of 1. 1.916. 

We-siminstee, p. v., Guilford co,, A1 Car. : 70 ni. W. N. W. 
Ealeigh. 

We-tminster, p. v., Allen county, Ohio: 72 m. N. W. 
Columbus. 

Westminster, p. v., Shelby co., Ohio: 69 ni, W. N. W. 
Columbus. 



WES 

WfflTMlNSTER, t„ p. v., and sta., Windham co., Veriii. : on 
W. side of Connecticut r., S4 m. S. by E. Montpelicr. The 
v. is beautifully situated, and neatly built. The Vermont 
Valley E. E. passes through it, 4 m. from Bellows Falls, 
20 m. from Brattleboro'. Pop, of t, 1,721. 

Westmisstee West, p. v., Wiudliain co.. Verm.: 86 in, 
S, by E. Mnntpelier. 

West Moneoe, t. and p. o., Oswego co., X. Y. : 130 m, 
W, by N. Albany. Bounded S. by Oneida lake. Surface 
level. Drained by Bog cr. Pop. 1.197. 

Westmoreland oounly, Penii. Situate towanl the S. W., 
and contains 9s9 sq. m. Drained by Loyalbanna and 
Youghi'igheny rivers, and by Sewickly er. and Meavcr Dam 
run. Surface uneven and in ])arls mountainous; suil very 
productive. Staples, wheat, Indian corn, and ]»otatoes. 
Tol>acco is also culti\ate<l. The N. W. is bounded by the 
Alleghany river. Farms 4,013; inaliuf. 5^6; dwell. 8.350, 
and pop.— wh. 51,2*0, fr. col. 440— total 51,726. Cajiitid: 
Orceusburg. Piihlic )lo(*«; Pennsylvania E. K.; llemp- 
lield E. E, ; Alleghany Valley U. E. ; Pennsylvania 
Canal. 

Westmoeelasd counly, Virg. Situate N. E., and con- 
tains 162 sq. m. Drained by small streams flowing into 
the Potomac and P.appaliannock rivers. Surface level; 
soil fertile and adapted to grain and grazing. ( liief pro- 
duct.', wheat and Imlian corn, with cotton. Farms 413; 
manuf. 6; dwell. 869, and p.ip,— wh, 3.410, fr. col, 1,113, 
al. 3,637— total S.OSO. CajiiUd: Westmorelalul C. H. 

WEST.M0EELASD, p. o., Dallas county, Ala. : 50 m. W-' 
Montgomery. 

Westmoreland, t. and p. o., Cheshire Co.. X. irainp. : on 
E. side of Conneelienl r , 40 m. W. S. W. Concord. Surface 
uneven ; soil moderately fertile. The Cheshire K. E. passes 
through its N. E. parL Pop. 1,677. 

W mtmorelan II, t. and p. o., Oneida counly, X. Y. : 93 in. 
W. N. W. Albany. Surface of t level; soil rich loam. 
Interests chiefly agricultural, but contains several saw-mills 
and tanneries. Pop. 3,291. 

Westmoeelasd C. 11., p. v., and cap. Westmoreland co., 
Virg.: 50 m. N. E. Eichmond. It contains the counly 
buiWings, several stores, etc. Pop. about 130. 

Westmoreland Dei-6t. p. v. and sta., Cheshire county, 
X. I/amp. : on Cheshire P.. E,, 64 m. from Fitchburg, and 
10 m. from Bellows Falls. 

Westmorelanoville, p. v., Lauderdale co.,-4/u.; 193 m. 
N, N. W. Montgomery. 

WiCT Neediiam. p. V. and sta,, Norfolk co,, i/as.»..- on 
Boston and Worcester E. E,. 15 m. from Boston. 

West Newaek, p v., Tioga co„ JV. Y. : 130 m. W. by S. 
Albanv. 

We-t Newbdrv, t and p. v.. Essex co,, Masx.: on S. 
side of Merrimac r,, 31 m. N. Boston. Interests of I. are 
chiefly agricultural. Pop. 1.746. 

West Newfield, p. o., York CO., Me. : on N. side of 
Little Ossipee r.. 7S m. S, W. Augusta. 

West Newport, p, o., Orleans co.. Verm. : 46 m, N. by E. 
Montpelier. 
West Newstead, p. o., Erie co., X. Y. : 252 ni. W, by N. 

Albanv. 

West Newton, p. v. and sta., Middlesex co., Mass.: on 
Boston and Worcester E. K„ 9 m. from lioslon, Il is hand- 
Bomely built, and cmlains a SUilo Normal school for female 

teachers. ^ „, »- ™, 

West Newton, p. o., Allen CO., Ohm: S-2 m. W. N. W. 

Columbus. 

West New-ton, p. v.. Westmoreland co., Penrt. : on E. 
hank of Voughiogheny r„ 140 m. W. Il.irrisburg. The 
Hempfleld E. E. will |iass through this place. Pop, 771. 

Wbst Miles, p. o,. Cayuga ro,. X. Y. : 142 m. W. Albany. 

West Noetoui, p. v., Lilchfleld counly, Coiui.: 82 m. 
N. W. by W. Hartford. 

WestNorthfield, p. o,, Franklin county, Mass. : 74 m. 
W. N. W. Boston. 



WES 



WES 



"W'eht Nortitwood, p. o., Rockingham co., y. Ilnmp.: 
IG 111. K. Concord. 

Wkst Ogukn, p. 0., Lenawee co.y Midi: 75 m. S. S. E. 
Lansing. 

\Vt:sTo.v. I. mid p. v., Fairfield co,, Ctmn. : 58 m. 8. W. 
HurlfonJ. SurlaoL* uneven. Drained by Saugaluck r, and 
brjuu'li, whifli nffurd water-power. The v. contains an 
academy and church. The chief inlercsis of the t. are 
agricultnral Pop. o( t, 1,0G3. 

Wii^ToN, p. v., Jo Daviess co., III. : 175 m. N. by W. 
Pprin}: field. 

Wkstun, t. and p. c, Aroostook co., Me. : 185 m. N. W. 
Aiiffiisla. Pop. 293. 

Wf-ston, t., p. v., and sta,, Middlesex co., Jtfam: 11 m. 
W. ]Ioston. Snrface of t. pleasantly diversified. The cen- 
tral v.. built chiefly on one street, contains 2 eliurehes. The 
station is in N. part of t., on Fitchburg It. R., 18 ni. from 
lioston. The Boston and Worcester R. R. crosses 8. E. 
corner of t Pop. of t. 1,205. 

"VVeston, p. v., Platte w)., Mo.: on N. E. side of Missouri 
f., 161 m. W. N. W. JeflV-rson City. It has a pood situation, 
and carries on extensive business and trade. The " Weston 
Reporter" (whig), and " I»latle Argus" (deru.), are published 
weekly. 

WtsToN, p. v., Somerset co., N. J^r.: on the Delawnre 
and Uariian Canal, and E. side of Millstone r., 22 m. N.N.E. 
rr.-ntuii. 

WtSTON, t and p. v., Wood co., Ohio : on 8. side of Mau- 
mee r.. lf>7 ra. N. N. W. Columbus. Drained by Beaver cr. 
Pop. 54G. 

WjMioN, p. 0., Steuben county, JV. 1'. ; 168 m, W. by S. 
Albany. 

WK-'iTON, t, and p. v., Windsor co.. Verm.: C6 m. 8. 
Moiilpelier. Drained by West r., which furnishes mill sites. 
The V. near the centre contains several manufacturing eslab- 
lishmtnts, and two churches. Pop. of t. 960. 

Weston, p. v., and cap. Lewis en., Vit'tj. : on W. fr>rk of 
Monnngahela r., 18S m. N. W. by W. Richmond. It con- 
laius the county buildings, several stores, etc. Tlie "Weston 
Sentinel" (dem.) is issued weekly. l*op. about 250, 

West Oneonta, p. o., Otsego co., ^. J'.; 72 m. W. by S. 
Albany. 

West Onondaga, p. v., Onondaga co., JV. 3'; 133 m. 
W. by N. Albany. 

Wi:sT Ossii'ER, p. v., Carroll co., JV. /Tamp. : on S. side of 
Bear C'ainp r., 40 m. N. by E. Concord. 

West Otis, p. v., Berkshire co.. Mass: 106 m. W. by S. 
Boston. 

Wkst pAitsoNeFiKLU, p. v.,York co., Me. : 76 m. 8. W. by W. 
Augusta. 

West Penn, t. and p. v., Schuylkill co., Petm. : 60 m. 
N. E. Ilarrisburg. The t. has a hilly surface, gravelly and 
sterile soil, aiui abounds in anthracite coal. Pop. about 1,500. 

Wkst PEaBTSBDBO, p. 0., Cattaraugus co., M y. : 275 m. 
W. Albany. 

West Pertr, p. o., Fulton co., 2^. Y: 36 m. N. W. Albany. 

WiwT Peru, p. c, Oxford county, Me. : 36 m. W. by N. 
Augusta. 

Westphalia, p. v., Osage co., 3fo. ; on W. bank Mnuvais 
cr., a tributary of Osage r., 18 m. 8. E. Jefferson City. 

West PuiLADELPniA, p. district, Philadelphia co., Penn. : 
on W. sido of Sebuylkill r., directly opposite the city proper, 
with wbi(^h it is partly associated in municipal government, 
but has also a separate local government of commissioners. 
In its W. part are the extensive buildings of the Pennsyl- 
vania Hospital for the Insane. Pop. in 1840, 2,896; in 
1850. 5.G70. 

West Pierpont, p. v., Ashtabula co., Ohio : 168 m. N. E. 
Columbus. 

West Pike, p. o.. Potter co., Penru: 110 m. N. N. W. 
llarrisburg. 

Wi;sT PiTTSFiELP, p. V., Berkshire co., Mass.: 117 m. W. 
Boston. 

924 



West Plains, p. v., Oregon CO., Mo. : 127 m. 8. by E. 
Jefferson City. 

West Plattsbueg, p. v., Clinton county, K. Y.: 142 ra. 
N. by E. Albany. 

West Plymoutii, p, v., Grafton co., N. Gamp. : 87 m. 
N. by W. Concord. 

West Point, p. v. and sta., Troup co., Oa.: on E. side 
of Chaltahoochie r., 119 m. W. by 8. Milledgeville. Tho 
Lagrange R. R. extends lo this place from Atlanta, 87 m., 
and connects with Montgomery and West Point R. R., 
thence to Montgomery, 88 m. These important thorough- 
fares have made this a place of considerable trade. Pop. 
about 45J. 

West Point, p. c, Cass co., Mo.: 120 m. W. Jeflcsrson 
City. 

Wist Point, p. v., Tippecanoe co., Ind. : GO m. N. W. 
Indianapolis, Pop. about 850. 

West Point, p. o., Lee co,, Ta. : 62 m. 8. Iowa City. 

West Point, p. v., Hardin co., Ky. : on 8. side of Ohio r., 
at mouth of 8alt r., 58 m. W. by 9. Frankfort. Population 
about 2011. 

WffliT Point, p. v., Lowndes co.. Mm.: 2 m. N. Oka- 
tibl>ehah r., 135 m. N. E. Jackson. 

WE.ST Point, p. v., Orange co., K. Y.: on W. ba?ik of 
Hudson r., 91 m. 8. by W. Albany. Lat. 41° 23' 31.2" N., 
long. 780 57' 03" W. The U. 6. Mditary Academy, here lo- 
cated, was established in 1802. Its site, with 250 aeres at- 
tached, was ceded by New York to the United States In 
1826. It occupies an elevated phiin, commanding mnst le- 
lightfu! views of (he river and vicinity, and is surrouu'ied 
by high hills. The buildings are numerous, and hnnd- 
somely built of stnne. The number of cadets is 250. oi' in- 
structors 85. The course ol instruction, chiefly miliiarv and 
scientific, is of the highest order, and occupies four years. 
Upon graduation, the cadets are immediately appointed as 
ofHcers in the U. 8. army. The average annual :ii)pr)|»ria- 
tion of Congress for this academy is $160,000. This phice 
is of great historical interest, from its conneelinn wilh the 
Revolution. In 1777 it was fortified and occupied by the 
American army, and during the war was garrisoned by a 
strong division <if troops. A very massive chain wjus here 
strettrhed across the Hudson, thus preventing, with the aid 
of the forts, the British from ascending the Hmlson and 
communicating with the Canadian jtrovinces. The ruins 
uf Fort Putnam are still seen. In 1794 a military sclmol 
was here commenced, l)ut the building was destroyed by 
fire two years afterward, and the sciiool suspended until 
1802, when the present academy was organized. 

West Point, p. v.. Orange co., N. Car.: 25 m. N. W. 
Raleigh. 

West Point, p. v., Columbiana co., Ohio: on N. side of 
branch of Little Beaver r, 126 m. E. N. E. Columbus. 

West Point, p. o., Lawrence co., Tenn. : 72 m. 8. 8. W. 
Nashville. 

West Poland, p. o., Cumberland county, Me.: 86 m. 
8. W. by W. Augusta. 

Wkstpoet. t., p. v., and sta., Fairfield co.. Conn.: R5 m. 
8. W. Hartford. Drained by Saugatuck r., which affords 
water-power. The v., on both sides of the Saugatuck r., 
contains 2 churches, the Saugatuck iron-works, a very ex- 
tensive establishment, with several cotton and <tther factor- 
ies. The New York and New Haven R. R. passes llinnigh 
it, 47 m. from New York, 29 m. from New Haven. Pop, 
of U in 1840, 1,803 ; in 1850, 2,649. 

Westpout, p. v., Decatur co., fnd. : on W. side of Sandy 
cr., 70 m. 8. E. by S. Indianapolis. 

Westpokt, p. v., and cap. Oldiiam eo., K'l/. : on 8. K. bank 
of Ohio r., 86 m. W. N. W. Frankfort. It contains the 
county buildings, 2 churches, and several stores. Popula- 
ti<m about 800. 

Wkstport, p. 0., Clinton co., Penn : 80 m. N. W. by N. 
Harrisburg. 

Westport, t and p. o., Lincoln co.. Me. : 29 m. S. by E. 



WES 



WES 



Aiigusla. Bouiicli'd E. by Slicepscol r. anil S. and W. by 
Slu-ii)soot bay. Pnii. 761. 

■Wfsti'dp.t, t. and p. v., Bristol co., Mnm.: on W. side of 
Acoaksett r., 51 m. S. Boston. The L contains several nian- 
nfaetorios. Many of tlio'iuliabitanis are engaged iti the 
flslieries. Pop. of t. 2,795. 

WKSTi'oliT. ]). v., .Jackson CO.. Mo.: on AV. line of the 
.State, 4 in. S. Mi.»ouri r., 130 m. \V. by N. .JelTeraou City. 
Po[i. about 80t1. 

Wrsti'okt, p. V. and sta., Che.shire co., N. Ifimp,; on 
Ashuelot K. U., 8 ni. from Keeno, 411 m. S. \V. by S. Concord. 
Westpokt, I. anil p. v., Essex eo., iV. J'. .■ on W. side of 
Lalve Chaniplain, U'O miles N. by K. .\lliany. Drained by 
small streams flowini! into the lalie. The v. at the head of 
Northwest hay contains 3 elnirehes. several st-tres. ami ahunt 
(l.'iO inhabitants. The '■ Weslport Courier" (dem.) and '• Old 
Settler" (lit.) are here published. A ferry plies hence across 
the lake to IJasin Harbor, Verm. Pop. of t. 2.:i.o2. 

W>STpoi!T I'oiXT, p. 0., Bristol comity, Jlmis. ; 59 m. S. 
Boston. 

WfST PoTsDA.M, p. v., St. Lawrence co., A'. J'. ; 156 m. 
\V. by N. Albany. 

^V^:sT Poin.TNin', p. v., Rutland co., Vrrm.: 61 m. S. W. 
by S. Jlontpelier. Here is located the Troy Conference 
Academy, a flourishing .Methodist institution. 

West PltiiKlE, Stoddard co., Mo. ; 130 m. S. E. JoflC'raon 
City. 

West liANDOLPii, p. V. and sta.. Orange co., Verm. : 25 
m. y. Monlpclier. It contains several mills on a branch of 
While river, a church, stores, etc. The Vermont Central 
E. It. passes through, 4B m. from Windsor, 81 ra. IVonI 
Montpelier, 111 m. from liousir's Point. 

W'BiT Kii'LEV, p. o., Somerset eo., J/'-. ; 49 m. N. N. K. 
Augusta. 

Wfat IlrvEti, p. o., Anne Arundel co., M'/. : 7 m. .S. S. W. 
Annapolis. 

W fsT KivES, p. o., Jackson co., Midi. : 27 m. E. by S. 
Lansing. 

Wkst P.ochesteb, p. o., Windsor co.. Verm. : 2S m. S. by 
E. Montpelier. 

Wkst liosENPALE, p. c, Foud du Lac CO., TT/se. ; 64 m. 
N. E. by N. Madison. 

West Uoxuuav, t., p. v., and sta., Norfolk co., Miisn. : on 
Dedham Branch It. IJ., 6 m. S. W. Boston. Incorporated 
in isll. 

West Ub)ikey, p. o. and 8t.a., Oraflon co., X Ilnmp. : on 
S. side of Baker's r., 44 m. N._I»'. W. Coneor.l. The Boston 
Concord, and Montreal It. II. passes through, Ca m. from 
Concord. 

Wk8t KirPEaT, p. v. and stii., Bennington eounly, r«vn.; 
70 m. S. S. W. Montpelier. The Itiithuid and Washington 
K. P.. p.iases through it, 47 miles from Troy, 3S miles from 
liulhind. 

West Hush, p. o., Monroe co., N. Y. : 20S m. W. hy N. 
Albany. 

West Uushtiele, p. v., Fairfield CO., OMo: on W. sidi; of 
Eush cr., 31 m. E. S. E. Columbus. 

West P.DTi.ANn, p. v. and sta., Eutland co., Vmti. : on 
W. side of (Jtler er., 61 m. S. S. W. Montpelier. The Jtnt- 
land and Washington E. P.. passes through it, 4 miles from 
Eutland, 21 miles from Troy. It is beautifully located in a 
fertile valley, surrouniled on all sides by high hills. It is 
noted for containing the finest quarries of marble in Amer- 
ica. At the two main quarries in this vicinity 6011 men .are 
employed ; and besides 5 mills, which arc turned by water, 
there is a stcain-mill sawing an immense quantity of slabs 
daily. Their annual prorluct is about 175,1100 cubic feel of 
marble, valued at about $500,000. 

WtsT UUTI.AND, p. v., Worcester co., Mass. : 49 ni. W. 
Boston. 

West's, sta.. Middlesex county, ..V. Jar. : on Camden and 
Amboy E. E., 43 m. fi-om Philadelphia, 42 miles from Xew 
York. 



WusT SALE.M, p. o., Morgan county, Ind. : 30 m. S. 'W. 
Indianapolis. 

Wi«T SA1.E.M, p. o., Wayne county, Ohio: on E. side of 
Mmlrly I',.rk of Walhoiiding r., 79 m. N. N. E. Columbus. 

W'KSTSAi,iSBtiKV, p v., Addison CO., Venn.: 80 m. S. W. 
Montpelier. 

WtxT Saxd Lake, p. v., P.elisBelaer Co., y. Y. : 10 m. 
E. by S. Albany. 

West SAtihwicil, p. v. and sta., Barnstable eo., Mass.: 
on <;ape Cod Branch E. U., 25 m. from Middlehoro', 49 m. 
S. v.. by S. Boston. 

West Scuuvler, p. o., Uerkimer CO., K. Y. : on N. bank 
of Mohawk r., 77 iii. W. N. W. Albany. 

West Scituate, ji. v., Plyinontli co., M<im. : 10 m. S. E. 
Boston. 

Wust Sbikiwi,!;, p. o., Hancock eo.. Me.: 60 m. E. 
Augusta. 

West Shan-bake.-), p. o., Ulster eo., K. Y.: 54 m. S. W. 
.\lbany. 

WE.ST Sno.NOo, p. o., Alleghany CO., Jf. Y. : 229 ni.W. by S, 
Albany. 

West Sid.xey, p. v., Kennebec co., Me. : C m. N. by W. 
Augusta. 

West's Mills, p. o., Fr.aiiklin co., Me.: S2 ni. N. N. \V. 
Augusta. 

Wkst Homers, ji. v., Westchester county, N. Y. : 94 in. S. 
Albany. 

West So.mkkset, p. o., Niagara county, K Y. : 250 m. 
W. by N. Albany. 

Wist Spri.no Cheek, p. o., Warren co., I'mn.: 176 m. 
N. VV. by W. Ilarrisburg. 

WiaT SpmNuriRLu, t., p. v., and sta., Hampden county 
Mass.: on W. side of Connecticut river, S2 ni. W. by S. 
Boston. Surface of t. pleasantly diversified. Drained by 
Westfleld r., which affords water-powe-r. The t. contains 
several pleasant villages or settlements. The principal 
village. 2 111. from Springfleld, is very pleasanU The West- 
ern It. P.. passes through it, loij m. from Boston, and 100 m. 
from Albany. Pop. of t. 2,979. 

WE.ST Sprexoitelu, p. V., Shelby county, Mo.: S2 ni. N. 
-letTerson City. 

Wist SpRiNonRLD. p. v., Erie county, Penn. : 214 m. 
N. W. by W. llarrisliurg. 

Wist Stafpord, p. v., Tolland co., Conn. : 22 m. N. E. 
Hartford. 

West .Stepiiextow.n, p. v., Eensselaer eo., JV. }'. ; 18 m. 
E. by S. .\lbaiiy. 

WiBT Sterling, p. v., Worcester county, M'Iks.: 87 m. 
W. by N. Boston. 

West Stewardstown, p. v., Cass co., A^ ITamp. : on E. 
side of Conneelierit river, 128 m. N. Concord. 

W'fST Stockbriiige, t., p. v., and sta., Berkshire ctainty, 
Mtt^x. : 1-20 m. W. Boston. Surface uneven and hilly. 
Drained by William's r., which affords water-power. Lime- 
stone is abundant, and .some excellent marble is found. The 
Western anil Stockbridge railroads cross this t., and con- 
nect at Slate line with Hudson and Berkshire It. E. The 
village on Stockbridge It. It.. ."5 m. from State line, contains 
3 churches, several stores, manufactories, etc. Population 
of 1. 1.71.1. 

West STOcKaninnE Centre, p. v., Berkshire co., Mdss. : 
123 m. W. Boston. 

West Stockholm, p. v., St. LawTencc Co., X. Y.: 140 m. 
N. N. \V. Albany. 

WraT SiTPFiEtn, p. v., Hartford Co., Conn, : 17 m. N. 
Hartford. 

West Sullivan, p. o., Hancock county, Me.: S2 m; E. 
Augusta. 
West Spmner, p. o., Oxford co., Mo. : 36 m. W. Augusta. 
West Sutton, p. v., Worcester eo., Mots. : 40 in.W. S.W. 
Boston. It cont.nins 2 ehnrehes, stores, etc. 

West Sw-aszky, p. o., Cheshire co., jV. ITamp. : 45 m. 
S. W. by W. Concord. 

925 



WES 

West Taghkasic, p. o., Columbia county, J^T. Y. : 36 m. 
S. by E. Albany. 

■\Vbst Theresa, p. c, Jefferson co., Jf. Y. : 160 m. N, "Vf. 
Albany. 

West Thornton, p. v., Grafton co., IT. /lamp.: on W. 
side of Pf miwaiiasset river, 51 ni. N. by W. Concord. 

West Tisbuky, p. v., Dukes co., Mass.: 72 m. S. S. E. 
Eostcin. It contains 2 churches, stores, etc. 

Wf»T Topsham, p. v., Orange co., I'<vm. .* on N. side of 
Wait's river, IS m. S. E. by E. Motilpelier. 

Wj.:st Town, p. v., Orange co., N. Y. : 96 m. S. S. W. 
Albany. It contains several stores, an academy, and church. 
Top. about 2.30. 

West Townsend, p. v., Middlesex co., Masx. : on branch 
of Niishua r., 41 m. N.W. l>y W. Boston. The PeterbonV 
and Sliirley K. It. passes tlirough it, 12 miU-s from Groton 
junction. It contains a female si;initiary of liigh repute. 

Wkst Townsuend, p. v., Windham co., Venn. : 87 m. S. 
Moiilpclier. 

West Teenton, p. v., Hancock co., Me, : 70 m. E. by N. 
Augusta. 

West Troitpsboeg, p. v., Steuben co., 2^. Y. : 202 m. W. 
by S. Albany. 

West Tkoy, p. v., Albany county, Nl Y.: on W. bank of 
Hudson r., 6 m. N. by E. Albany, This flourishing village 
was incorporated in 1836, and has had a rapid growth. 
The P>ie Canal here c<'nneots with the Hudson r. by lateral 
canals and locks, and tratisfers to it a larffe proportion of 
the canal-boata with their freight of produce, tneruhandise, 
etc., nnbroken, which are thence towed by steamboata to 
Kew York. A large number of ateara-barges, sloops, and 
schooners are here owned and employed in transportation. 
Tiie surplus waters of the canal afford very great wuter- 
power, improved by numerous factt^rJes and mills. Other 
manufacturing establishments using steam-power, are also 
numerous. The Meneely bell foundrj' is the most extf nsive 
of the kind in the Union. The general interests of this 
place are directly connected with Troy, of which it is prop- 
erly a suburb. It also contains 10 churches, and the Water- 
vl let arsenal, established here in 1HK3 by the United States. 
This is the largest arsenal of construction in the Union, 
comprising about -tO buildings upon its grounds of 100 acres, 
employs about 200 men, and at all times lias on hand im- 
mense quantities of munitions of war. The " W. Troy Ad- 
vocate" (neut,) ia issued weekly. Pop. 7,564. 

West Union, p. v., Knox co., Ind. : 4 m. E. Wabash r., 
90 m. S. W. Indianapolis. 

West Union, p. v., and cap. Adams co., O^iio: 79 m. S. 
by W. Columbus. It contains the county buildings, two 
churches, stores, etc. The '* Adams County Democrat" is 
here published. Pop. 462. 

West Union, p. o., Fayette county, la. : S4 m. N. by W. 
Iowa City. 

We5t Union, p. v., Pickens dist., S, Car. : 128 m.W.N.W. 
Columbia. 

WvsT Union, p. o., Steuben co., y, Y. : 208 m. W. by S. 
Albany. 

WrsT Union, p. v., and cap. Doddridge county, Virg, ; 
212 m. N. W. by W. Richmond. It contains a court-house, 
jail, and several stores. Pop. 161. 

We-t Unity, p. o.. Williams co., Ohio: 183 m. N. W. by 
N. Columbus. The " Equal Rights" (dem.)ia here published. 
Wi-feT Vermiluok, p. o., Erie co., Ohio: 9S m. N. by E. 
Colimibus. 

West Vienna, p. o., Oneida co., If. Y. : 116 m. W. N. W. 
Alb.-my. 

W-EST View, p. o., Augusta co., Viiv. : 98 m. W. N. W. 
Richmond. 

West Vraw, p. a, Hamilton co., Tenn. : 108 m. S. E. of 
Nashville. 

Westville, p. V,, New Haven co., Co7in. : 8 m. N. W. of 
New Haven. It contains several manufactories. 
Westville, p. v., and cap. Simpson county, Miss.: S3 m. 
926 



WE9 

S. S. E. Jackson. It contains the county buildings. Pop 
about 180. 

We-stville, p. v.. Otsego co., JK Y.: on E. side of Sus- 
quehanna r., 53 m. W. Albany. . 

Wejtville, p. v.. Champaign co., Ohio: ^ m, W. Urba- 
na, 43 m. W. by N. Columbus. 

West Vincent, p. o., Chester co., Penn.: 67 m. E. by S. 
Harrisburg. 

West Walwoktii, p. o., Wayne county, K. Y.: 192 m. 
W. by N. Albany. 

West Wardshoro', p. v., Windham co., Venn. : 90 m. 
S. by W. Montpelier. 

West Wakeha.\i, p. v. and sta., Plymouth oo., Mass. : on 
the Cape Cod Branch K. R., UJ m. from Middleboro', and, 
by railroad. 46 m. S. S. E. from Boston. It contains several 
manufactories. 

West Watrrville, p, v. and sta., Kennebec co., Me. : 
at N. end of Snow's Pond, 17 m. N. Augusta. Emerson's 
stream here affonis great water-power. The Androscoggin 
and Kennebec R. R. passes through, 75^ m. from Portland, 
^ m. from Waterville. 

West Webster, p. o., Monroe co., 2f. Y. : 197 m. W. by 
N. Albany. 

West Willi amsfield, p. o., Ashtabula co., Ohio : 160 m. 
N. E. Columbus. 

West Whiteland, t and p. o., Chester co., Penn, : 72 m, 
E. by S. Harrisburg. 

West Willinoton, p. o., Tolland county, Conn.: 22 m. 
E. N. E. Hartford. The New London, Willimantic, and 
Palmer R. R. passes near it, 45 m. from New London, 21 m, 
from Palmer. 

West Winchester, p. v. and sta., Cheshire co., K ITamp. : 
on Ashuelot Pv. R.. 15 m. from Keene, 8 m. from South Ver- 
non, 55 ra. S. W. Concord. It contains several manufac- 
tories. 

West Windham, p. c, Rockingham co., Ni Udmp. : 33 m. 
S. by E. Concord. 

West Windham, p. v., Bradford county, Penn.: 120 m. 
N. by E. Harrisburg. 

We^t Windsor, p. v., Broome co., N. Y. : 112 ni. W. S. W. 
Albany. 

West Windsor, p. v., Richland co., Ohio: 63 m. N. N. E. 
Columbus. 

West Windsor, p. o., Eaton county, Mich. : 10 m. S. W. 
Lansing. 

West WiNnELD, p. o., Herkimer county, N. Y. : 76 m. 
W. by N. Albany. 

West Winsted, p. v. and sta., Litchfield co., Comi.: on 
Mail r., a branch of Farmington r., 23 ni. N. W. by W. 
Hartford. 45 m. N. by W. New Haven. Heru terminates 
the Naugatuck R. R.. 62 m. Ironi Bridgeport. This v. is 
noted chiefly for its manufactures. Water-power is fur- 
nished by the outlet of Long Lake, an interesting pond 8i 
m. long, J ra. wide, which lies in an elevated plain, nearly 
J m. above the plain below. This outlet is but a small 
stream, in a narrr)w channel, but aflbrds great and perma- 
nent power to the factories on its banks. Among these are 
an extensive cutlery establishment ; one coach axle do. ; a 
large machine shop ; a tannery 140 feet long, and 4 stories 
high ; various establishments making hoes, shovels, edge 
bKils. sashes, and blinds; also large scythe factories; 2 
woolen do., making satinets and cassimeres; an inm foun- 
dry, etc. The flourishing condiliim and prospect* of Win- 
sled have most favorably affected its growth im<l many new 
buildings are creeling to accommodate the increase of pop- 
ulation ; among which is a floe hotel, ctmlaining over 100 
rooms. The Winsled Bank has a cap. of $100,000. 

West Wood. p. v., Woodford co.. III. : on N. side Mack- 
inaw cr., 66 m. N. N. E. Springfield. The Illinois Central 
R. R. will pass a little E. of this place. 

Wjst Woodstock, p. v., Windham co.. Conn.: on E. 
side of branch of Natchaug r., 84 m. E. N. E. Hartford. It 
contains a church and several dwellings. 



WES 



WHE 



"West WooDnLLE, p. v., Clermont o., Ohio : on W. eiile 
of Stoneiick cr., 71 ra. S. W. Columbus. The Cincinnali, 
Ilillsburo', and Parkersburg E. E. pasai-s a little N. of this 
place. 

West WoRxniA-GTON, p. v., Hampshire co,, Ma-ns.: D7 m. 
W. BosU»n. 

West Wi;BNTnAM, p. v., Norfolk couutv, Mas^. : 2S m. 
S. W. by S. Boston. 

WiiST Yarmoutu, p. v., Barnstable co., Mass, : C3 m. S. E. 
Doston. It contains 2 churches, etc. 

West YoiuvSuike, p. o., Cattaraugus co., 2^. Y.: 252 m. 
W. by N. Albany. • 

Weiheuedvili.r, p. v., Baltimore oo., Md. : on Gwinn's 
Falls, 4i ni. W. N. W. Ballinn-rc. It is SOU feet above tide- 
Wiili-r, with ft fall within its limilsof 90 feet, which affords 
immense watur-power. The casAiinere faiHories of Weth- 
cred Brtiihers are here located, with several mills making 
coarse cotton cloth, bcsidt-s numerous llouring and other 
mills in the vicinity. Pop. of neighborhood about 750. 

Wetuersfield, t. and p. v., Hartford co., Omn.: on W. 
side of Connecticut r., 8i m. S. Hartford. Surface of t. gvu- 
craliy level ; soil sandy loam, and very fertile, producing 
large crops of vegetables, especially onions. The v. in N. K. 
part of t is vtry pleasant, having wide streets, beautifully 
shaded with elms ; and contains 2 academies and 3 churches. 
The Cnnneclicut State Prison, here located, is a massive 
building of Portland (Conn.) sandstone; and contained, on 
March 31sl., 18^0, 175 inmates — 1(J3 males, 12 fumalcs. Pop. 
of t. 2,523. 

WETiiEBSFiELD, p. V., Henry co., I?l. : 93 m. N. by W. 
Springfield. 

Wetueksfield, t. and p. o., Wyoming co., ^''. Y. : 235 m. 
W. Albany. Pop. 1,4^9. 

Weiheksfield Si'RiJios, p. v., Wyoming county, iV! Y.: 
237 m. W. Albany. It contains 3 churches, several stores, 
etc. Pop. about 160. 

Wetumpka, p. c, Coosa co.^Ala.: on E. side of Coosa r., 
13 m. N. N. E. Montgomery. It has a fine site, at the head 
of steamboat navigation, and is a place ofconsiderable trade. 
It contains 5 clmri-hes, with numerous stores, etc. The 
" State Guard*" (dcm.) is published tri-weekly and wcelily. 
The ijtate Penitentiary, here located, on Oct. 1st., 1S51, con- 
tained 156 convicts. Pop. 3,016 The Harrowgale Springs, 
S. of the city, possess valuable properties, and are of great 
resort during the summer. 

Wetzkl county, Virg. Organized from Tyler in 1S4G. 
Situate N. W.,tind contains 55S sq. m. Drained by branches 
of Ohio r. Surface hilly and broken; soil moderately fer- 
tile, adapted io grain and grazing, Chief products whent, 
Indian corn, and tobacco. It contains a large quantity of 
bituminous coal. Farms 428, inanuf. 8, dwell. 716, and 
pop.— wh. 4,2G1, fr. col, 6, si. 17~lot;d 4,2S4. CupiUtl: 
Wetzel 0. H. Puhlic H'ori-.s; Balliniore and Ohio It. U. 

Weveuto.v, p. V. and sla., Frederick co., Md. : on W. 
side of Potomac r.. at confluence of Israel cr, 66 m. W. N. W. 
Annapolis. The Chesapeake and Ohio Canal passes through 
it ; also the Baltimore and Ohio It. It., SO m, from Baltimore, 
and 3(.I0 m. Ironi Wheeling. 

Wexfop.u county, Jfi(di. Situate N. W. of the Southern 
Peninsula, and contains 57G sq. m. Drained by the Manis- 
tee r. and its branches. Surface even, diversified with 
small lakes; soil feriile, and with cultivation adapted to the 
raising of wheat, corn, etc. Orgariized since 1S50. 

Wexfoiu), p. v., Alleghany co., Peiin. : 166 m. W. by N. 
Ilarrisburg. 

Weyauweya, P.O., Winnebago CO., Wise: SGm.N.N.E. 
Madison. 

WEYnRiDGE Lower Falw, p. o., Addison co., Hvw, ; 
83 m. S. W. by W. Montpelicr. 

Wkvmouth, t., p. v., and eta., Norfolk co., 3fax/t. : 11 m. 
8. S. E. Boston. Surface of t pleasantly diversified, well 
watered by large ponds, and several streams flowing into 
two large inlets of Bostou harbor called Fore and Back 



rivers. The t. contains sever.il pleasant villages, of which 
Wej mouth v., or Weymouth Landing is the largest. This 
is well situated, at the head of P'ore r., contains several 
stores, etc., and 1 bank, cap. $100,000, and has considerable 
business and coasting trade. The manufacture of boots and 
sh<)es is carried on extensively. The South Shore It. it. 
pusses through it, 12 m. from Boston, Pop. of t. in 1840, 
3,73S; in 1S50, 5,369. 

Wev-moiitu, p. o., Atlantic CO., K Jei\: ou Great Egg 
Harbor r., 47 m. S. Trenlon. 

Wey.moutu, p. v., iMedina co., Ohio: on branch of Ilocky 
r, 102 m. N. E. by N. Columbus. 

WiiALEVsviLLB, p. V., Worcestcr c«., Md.: on E. bank 
of Pocomoke r., SI m. S. E. Annapolis. 

WiiAELou-STiuBG, p. o., Esse.v CO., JV. Y. : on E. side of 
Boquet r., 110 m. N. by E. Albany. 

WiLARTON county, 7kr. Situate S. E., and contains 1.2.^.6 
sq. ni. Drained by Colora<io river, whieh passes through 
the county, and by brandies of San Bcrnnrdo r., and other 
small streams. Surface in general level, but in parts it is 
undulating; soil fertile, and is a rich black mold, very pro- 
ductive, and well adapted to cotton, corn, and tobacco. The 
soil of the prairies is good, and supports a dense crop of 
grass. Farms 55; manuf. 0; dwell. 112; and pop.— wh. 
510, fr, cot. 0— total 1,242. Capital: Wharton. 

WuARTON, t. .and p. o., potter co.. Pfun. : lo5 m. N. W. 
Ilarrisburg. Drained by E. branch of Sinnermahoning cr. 
Interests agricultural. 

Wharton, p. v. and rap., "HTiarlon en., 7V;r. ; on N. E. 
bank of Color.ido r. 117 m. S. E. by E. Austin City. It 
contains the county buildings. 

Wharton's, p. o., Noble county, Ohio: 71 m. E. by S. 
Columbus. 

Whatelet, t., p. v., and sta., Franklin co., Moss. : 80 m. 
W. Boston. Bnun<ied E. by Connecticut r. Drained by 
Mill r., which affords water-power to various mills. The v. 
is on Connecticut lliver K. B., 26 ra. from Springfield. Pop. 
oft. 1,101. 

Wheal Pioneer Mine (formerly "Fentress Mine"). Guil- 
ford CO., .V. ('(//■. .- 10 m. S. Greensboro', and 73 m. W.N.W. 
Italeigli. This mine, which is owned by the North Carolina 
Copper MiTiing Company, is located on the geological range, 
between llie slates and granites, which is the great metalli- 
ferous line E. of the Alleghaniea. The mine was formerly 
worked for gt>!<l. the vein having been explored loUie depth 
of 60 feet, but the gold giving out, it is now worked solely 
for its copper. The vein is entirely on the Company's prop- 
erty, liut in its. coniparatively short extent, it has proved to 
be the best i[i the country. and,c<'mpared wiih the veins of 
Europe, probal>ly the richest and largest ever discovered. 
While at the surface the thickness of the vein is inconsider- 
able, ai thf depth of 60 feet it measures 5 feet, .*in'l at 70 
feet has increased to over S feet, tlie regular ilip beijin- 
ning at this point in .such a manni-r that while the inclina- 
tion of the hanging wall is.S.50 that of the htwerwall Js^G'^, 
thus occasioning for every few feet arlvancrd. an increase of 
a foot in the thickneas of the vein. The vein is a regular one, 
and consists of alternate layers of quartz and cop[)er j)yrite8, 
and spathic iron, contiunint; 33 pr-r cent, of meliil. It is 
supposed that when machinery is api»lied to the working of 
the mine, that 5" men will tike out monthly 400 tons of ore. 
Several other mines have been discovered in the vicinity, 
which, if equally rich with the Wheal J'ioiu-rr, will add 
greatly to the resources of the State, and stimulate tho 
people to enterprise and energy. 

Wheatland, p. o., Ionia co., Mick: 82 m. W. N. W. 
L:inslng. 

WuKATLANn, t. and p. o., Monroe coimly, X. Y.: 214 m. 
W. by N. Albany. Drained by Allen's cr.. tributary of 
Genesee river. The 1. contains several mills and tanneries, 
Itut the iiLhabilarits are chiefly engaged in agriculture, etc 
Pop. 2.917. 
Wheatland, t. and p. o., Kenosha county, Wise. : 71 m. 

927 



WHE 



WHT 



S. E. by E. Madison. Fox r. flows through its N. E. part, 
and receives hranrhes from the interior. Pop. l,19:j. 

Wheatland, p. o., Loudun county, Virg.: 205 m. N. 
Eichraond. 

Wheatland Centre, p. o., Ilillsdale co.^ Midi.: 52 m. 
S. by E. Lansing. 

WuEATLEv, p. 0., Fauquier co., Virg. : 65 m. N. by W. 
Eiolimond. 

■\Vheat ItLDGE, p. o., Adams co., Ohio: 73 ni. S. S. W. 
Columbus. 

WiiEATViLLE, p. v., Gcnesce co., 2^. Y. : 236 m. W. by N. 
Albany. 

WHKtxEB, I. and p. o., Steuben co., y. Y. : 1S7 m. W. 
Albiiuy. Drained by branch of Conhocton r. Pop. 1,471. 

WiiEEi.EitsBURG, p. V., Scioto CO., Ohio : on Ohio r., 56 m. 
S. by E. Columbus. Pop. about 300. 

"Wheeling, p. o., Cook co., JU. : on E. side Des Plaines 
r., 182 m. N. E. by N. Springfield. 

"Wheeling, p. v., Delaware co., I7id,: on S. W. side of 
Mississinewa r., 53 m. N. E. Indianapolis. 

WiiiiKLiNG, p. 0,, Holmes CO., Mi6S. : on "W. side of Big 
Black r., Co m. N. N. E. Jackson. 

Wheeling, p. city, port of entry, and cap. Ohio county, 
Virg. : on E. bank of the Ohio r., 247 m. N. W. Itiehniond— 
lat. 4no ii7'N. X long. 50° 42' W. It occupies a fine site on 
a high bank of the river, along which it extends about 
2 m., but its extension W. is restrained by high hills. It is 
diviiied by Wheeling cr., here emptying into the Ohio, over 
which here is a beautiful stone bridge. The Ohio river is 
crossed by a wire suspension bridge, which is one of the 
finest structures of the kind in the world, and has the fol- 
lowing measurement : length of span, from centre to 
centre of the stone supporting towers, 1,010 feet; height 
above low-water mark, 97 feel ; height of towers on 
"Wheeling side, 153^ feet above low-water mark, and 160 
feet above the abutment on which they stan<l. It is sup- 
ported by 12 wire cables, laid in pairs, 3 pairs on each side 
of the flooring, each of which is 4 inches in diameter, com- 
jiosed of 550 strands, and 1,3S0 feet long. It has a carriage 
way 17 feet wide, and 2 footwalks, each SJ feet wide. The 
wire used in its conslniction was manufactured by D. Rich- 
ards & Co., of W^heeling. It is capable of supporting a pres- 
sure of GIS pounds to the square foot, and cost $'210,()00. In 
front of the city lies Zane's island, which contains 350 acres, 
and to which a bridge is constructed. 

Wheeling is distinguished for enterprise in manufactures 
and trade. In the city and vicinity flouring-miils are very 
numerous, and form the leading interest of manufactures. 
The next most important manufactures are those of glass, 
nails, stoves, and all Viuds of iron castings, steam-engines, 
woolen and cotton goods, white and sheet lead, paper, etc. 
The Virginia Iron Works, here located, make about 1,100 
kegs of nails per week. The s'dk factory of J. W. Gill is 
the largest in the Union ; but is in operation only 8 mouths 
during the year, because of scarcity of stock. Tlie ciiy early 
experienced the advantages of its position for navigation on 
the Ohio, and its connections E. and W. by the National 
lload. The Baltimore and Ohio E. E. here terminates, 
3-SO ra. from Baltimore. The Central Ohio E. E., now com- 
pleted below Columbus and Zanesville, will here connect 
with the Uempfield E. E., now in construction to junction 
with the Pennsylvania K. K. at Greensburg. The Cleveland 
and Pittsburg li. E. is also being extended to WTieeling. The 
tonnage of Wheeling district on June S*ith, 1S50, was 5,934 
tnns, all of which w.is of the class •' enrolled and license*!," 
permanent, employed in the coasting trade, and propelled 
l>y steam. Vessels built during the year preceding, 4 
steamers, S35 tons. In 1S52, 88 steamboats, all high pres- 
sure, were here owned, wilhaggregate tonnage of 6,84;J tons. 
The city contains, besides the county buildings, 13 
churches, several academies, and 2 banks, with aggregate 
capital of $CCi).li)n. Its newspaper press in 1S50 consisted 
of the " Wlieeling Gazette" (whig), and "Wheeling Even- I 
923 



ing Argus'' (dem.), each issuing daily and weekly editions; 
and the '• Virginische Staate Zeitung" (dem.) in German 
language, issued weekly. Pop. in ISIO, 914 ; In 1520, 1,567 ; 
in 1S30, 5.221 ; in 1840, 7,8S5 ; in 1S50, 11,391. 

Wheeling Valley, p. o., Marshall co., llrg.: 289 m. 
N. W. Kichmond. 

Wheelock, p. 0., Choctaw Notion, Iiid, Ter. 

WuEELocK, p. 0., Kobertson co., Tex. : 90 m. N. E. by E. 
Austin City. 

Wheelock, t. and p. o., Caledonia coimty, Venn.: 29 m. 
N. E. Montpelier. Drained by branches of Pausumpsic r 
I*bp. SS5. 

Whetstone, p. o., Morrow county, Ohio: 48 m. N. by E. 
Columbus. 

Whetstone river, Ohio: ^ee Olentangy river. 

WuiGviLLE, p. v., Lapeer co., Mich. : 63 m. N.E. Lansing. 

Whippy Swamp, p. o., Beaufort dist., S. Car.: 73 m. 
S. Columbia. 

Whitco-mb, p. T., Franklin county, Ind. : 60 m. E. S. E 
Indianapolis. 

White county, Ark. Situate N. E. centrally, and con- 
tains 1.U48 gq. m. Drained by Little Bed r., tributary of 
White river, which forms its E. boundary, and by other 
streams. Surface even ; soil fertile, and adapted to grazing. 
Farms 807; manuf. 2; dwell. 455, and pop.— wh. 2,309, fr. 
col. 2, si. 308— total 2,619. Capital: Searcy. 

White county. III. Situate S. E., and contains 447 sq. 
m. Litile Wabash river and Skillet fork of same drain the 
CO. Surface partly level, and partly undulating; soil fertile; 
staples, wheat and Indian corn. Tobacco is cultivated. It 
has some excellent prairie land in the E. portion. The 
country bordering the streams is well wooded. Farms 
1,101 ; manuf. 22 ; dwell. 1,537, and pop.— wh. 8,816, fr. col. 
109— total 8,925. Capital : Carmi. 

White county, Ind. Situate N. W. middle, and contains 
504 sq. m. Drained by Tippecanoe r. and its several trib- 
utaries. Two-thirds of the surface is prairie, and at least 
one-half dry and gently undulating ; soil rich, and the forest 
growths extensive. rarm345S; manuf. 10; dwell. &21, and 
pop.— wh. 4,752, fr. col. 9— toUil 4,7G1. Cajyitul : MonticeUo. 
PiiUic Works: New Albany and Salem Extension E. R. 

White county, Teini. Situate E. centrally, and contains 
340 t-q. m. Drained by Caney fork of Cumberland river and 
its afiluents. Surface uneven, in parts hilly; soil ferlile; 
staples wheat, grain, and tobacco. Pork and grain arc ex- 
ported. Farms 1,341 ; manuf. 22 ; dwell. 1,706, and pop.— 
wh. 10,09S, fr. col. 132, si. 1,214— total 11.44i. Capital: 
Sparta. Public Works: Lexington and M'Minnville E. E. 

White mountains, Jf. I/amj).: these mountains, in the 
N. part of the State, are the highest in New England, and 
among the highest in the United States. The range is in 
form nearly square, extending N. and S. about 26 m., and 
E. and W. about 22 m. ; but the more elevated summits are 
comprised within a range of 3 miles. The highest summits 
are covered with snow during the greater part of the year, 
and in clear weather are visible at sea more 'han 50 miles 
from shore. The elevations of the highest peaks are as 
follows : 

Mount Washington.. 6,226 feet j Mount Madison .. .5,620 feet 

Mount Adams 5,960 " Mount Monroe 5,510 « 

Mount Jefferson .... 5,S60 " I Mount Franklin . . . 5,050 * 

besides which several otliers are little Inferior in elevation. 
The ascent of these mountains is fatiguing, but not danger- 
ous ; an(i is frequently accomplished by summer visitors. 
T'he scenery from their summits is of surpassing interest, 
and of varied character. The coustruclion of the Boston, 
Concord, and Montreal B. R., Atlantic and St. Lawrence 
E. E., and other lines of railroad toward, this interesting 
vicinity, has greatly increased the number of summer 
visitors, for whose accommodation there are numerons 
hotels kept in first-c'ass style. 
White river, Ark. : is formed in Washington co., by the 



will 



W'HI 



confliK'iii'e of 3 branches. n<i\\3 N. N. K., crosses into Mia- 
aoiiri. then turns to the S. K.. ami hoMs Ihis stfn.-ral course 
for 15U m. until it reoiivcs Black r., its prinripsil N. branrl), 
ftftcr which it flows by windinfr course in jjcncral ilirection 
S. l»y '•^'■T ""t'l '■ pnipiics into (he Mississippi r. in Dcslia co. 
About S miles Trnm its month it connert^ Iiy :i broini bayou, 
usually bnalable, with Arkansas river; niterwhich its course 
13 tliroiia;h a crreat marsh or swamp. Its IcuEfth is over 6()0 
niiies; and nhhough It is at present elioked up in many 
places by accuinuIalioTis of <lril'i-won(I, steamboats ascend to 
IJab sville, 2()0 m., and on the removal <t{ these obvfrueiions 
will ascemi 2110 miles tartlier. It reeeives nunien.us Iribu- 
tr.ries.nf which several are large streaniji, and flows through 
u very fertile region. 

WiiiTB river, In(f. .' is formed by the conflnenee of the K. 
and W. forks of White r.. 2ii m. S. K. Vineeimcs, and Hows 
W. S. W. in windinf; course al)niil 85 in. ti> its entrance into 
"UaliiLNh r. Its slreani is but little interior to the Waliash, is 
about C()i» fvct wide, and navigable in lii^h water for sleiim- 
hoiiK The W. fork rises in ]iaU'i(Jlph co. ; in higli water it 
is navifral>Ic f(tr steamboats to Indianapolis, and flal-boata 
have descended it from near 'Winchester. The K. fork is 
about '2'25 miles lorifr, and boyiable loll m. The nvmieroiis 
branches of these forks drain the entire central portion of 
the Slate. 

■\VniTE river, Mfch. : rises in Newasro county, flows S. "W. 
tlirtiugh Uccana co., and enters Lake Michigan by a bruad 
estuary. 

WniTE river, Utah Ter.: a principal head branch of 
Colorado r., (lowing through E. i)art of Utah co., about 150 
m. in W. course. 

"White river. Verm.: rises in Granville, flows S. S. K., 
N. E., and S. E., and empti<'8 into the Connecticut river in 
Hartfor'l t. It is about ^5 miles long, an<I receives several 
tributaries, e.icli of which affords valuable water-power. 

"White Ash, p. o., Allegiiany county, Pemi. : ICS m. "W. 
llarrisl)urg. 

White t'niMXETS, p. o., Caroline county, Tirg. : 2S m. N. 
liicMinond. 

White Cottage, p. o., Muskingum co., Ohio: .55 m. E. 
Cohnnbus. 

WniTK Cottage, p. c, Shelby co., 7! j-. ; 244 m. E. N. E. 
Austin City. 

White Cueek. t. and p. v., Washington co., y. Y. : .30 m. 
X. K. Albany. Drained by Owl and r,ittle White cr. flow- 
ing 8. into Iloosie r. The v. contains 2 churches, and seve- 
rat stores. Pop. of t. 2,9i}4. 

White Ckoss, p. o.. Orange co., y. Cur. : 35 m. N. W. 
Kaleigh. 

White Day, \\ o., Monongalia co., Mrff. : 2&S ni. N. W. 
Richmond. 

White Deer, p. c, Lycoming county, rem}. : OS m. N. 
Harri.Hbnrg. 

"VN'iiiTE Deee Mills, p. o., Union co., Penn.: 55 m. N. 
llarrisbur^. 

Wihtr Eye's Plains, p. o., Coshocton co., Ohio: on S. 
side of Tuscarawas r., 69 in. E. N. E. Coliunbus. 

Wiiiteface nioiinlaiu, N. Y.: on E. side of Wilmington 
r.. in N. W.part of Essex cu.,i3 4,S55 feet above the Atlantic 
ocean. 

WniTEFiELD, p. o., Oktibbeha co., J/m. ; on branch of 
Okanoxvibee r., 95 m. N. E. Jackson. 

WniTRFiELii, p. o., Marshall county, III. : 80 m. N. by E. 
Springfield. 

WitiTEErEi-D, t. and p. o., Lincoln co., Me.: 14 m. B. E. 
Augusta. Watered by Sheepscot river, which afiords 
water-power. Interests of Uio town chiefly agricultural. 
I'op. 'J.ICO. 

AViiiTEFiELn^ t and p. o,, Coos co,, y. Ilarnp. : 79 m. N. 
Concord. Drained by John's r., on which arc saw-mills. 
Pop. S57. 

WiiiTE-Eisii point, Chippewa co., Mich. : separates Te- 
quaiuenon bay from Lake Superior. 

DO 



WniTEFoHD, p. o., Lucas co., Ohio: 120 m. N. N. W. 
Columbus. 

White IFall, p. v.. Greene co., PL: 43 m. W. S. W. 
PpringHeld. It contains 3 churches, several stores, etc. 
Pop. about 4no. 

White Ham., p. o.. Ifuntcrdon c-uii::'. y.J'^r.:^'^ m. 
N. by W. Trent, .n. 

White Hall, ;). o., Madison conn;;-, Ky.: 41 m. S. E. 
Frankfort. 

White TIall. t., p. v., and pta., Wi-.-iml-* in ci., ,V. Y.: 
.'>« m. N. N. E. Aruany. Surface hilly. I'r' ii «! by Pjiwlet 
river, Wt>od creek, aiirl Poullney riv.r. which flo.v into the 
head of Lake Champlain. The v. at the head of Hie lake is 
well situated for trade. The Champl.'iin Canal extends 
hence 73 in. to Albany. The i^araloL^'l and Washington 
It. K. piL-ises through, 13 m. from Casileton. and it is pro- 
posed to build a railroad hence to Phitisburg. It contains 
four churches, several mills and nianufactories, and two 
banks, with nggresrate capital of -t'.MiS.'ion. The •' Demo- 
crat," and "Chronicle" (whig) are here pubbslied. Pop. 
of V. about 3,000 ; of t. 4.7J6. 

White Hall, p. o., Owen co., Tnd. : -{9, m. S. W. by S. 
Indtaii.-ipolis. 

WiiiTK Hall, p. v., Mecklenburg co., A'. Car.: 120 in. 
W. S. W. Pateigh. Pop. about 100. 

WViiTE Hall, sta., Delaware co.. /v.n?. ; on Philadelphia 
and'tiolumbia P. R., M m. W. Pbiladrlphi.a. 

White Hall, p. o., Montour co., P<nn. : 51 m. N. by E. 
Ilarrisburg. 

White Hall, p. v., Payette co., 7','/'. ; IGn ni. W. S. W 
Nashville. 

White Hall, p. o. au'I sta., Ealtimrre counly. Md.: on 
Raltimore and Susquehanna P. P., 2(5 m. I:^ from Balti- 
more, r.G m. from Ilarrisburg, 45 hl N. by W. Annapolis. 

White Ham., p. v.. Frederick co., I7/vy. .■ 123 m.N. by W. 
Pdchmond. Pop. about 100. 

White Hall, p. o., Clark county, Mo.: 123 m. N. by E. 
Jefferson City. 

Whitehall viLLE, p.o., Bucks co., Pmn.: <i(i in. E. byN. 
Harrisburg. 

White IIare, p. o.. Cedar CO., Mo.: 110 m. S. W. by W. 
Jefferson City. 

WniTE Haven, p. v., Somerset co., Mff. : on W. side of 
Wicomico river, GO m. S. E. by S. Annapoiis. It has some 
coastina: trade by vessels of considerable burden. 

White Haven, p. v.. Luzerne co.. /''"».; on W. bank 
of Lehigh r.and on the line of the Lehigh and Susquehan- 
na It. P., 78 m. N. E. Harrisburg. 

Whitehead istanii, Lincoln county. Me.: S. W. of W. 
entrance of Penobscot l-;iy. 45 in. S. K. Augusta. It con- 
tains a light-house. {.<'••■ Licin-noirsc^) 

White Hjll, p.o., (liles counly, Ti'nn. : 70 ntiles S. 
Nashville. 

White House, p. o., Henry co., dt. : fM m. N. W. by W. 
Milledgeville. 

White House, p. o., Ur-.ndolph co., .V. Car.: 72 m. W. 
Raleigh. 

White House, p. o., Meeklenl.iurg co., H/v/. ; on S. aide 
of puanoke river, S4 m. S. W. Richmond. The Roanoke 
Valley R. R. will pass througli this phice. 

WiiiTE House™ p. o., Widiuinson co.. Tf>ni. 

White Housr. p. v. aiul sl-i.. Hunterdon co., jV: Jer.: on 
S. E. side of Ilockaway cr., 20 m. N. Trenton. The Now 
Jersey Central K. \i. pa-scs through, .'jO ui. from New York, 
2S m. from Eastoii. 

White House, J). o., Cumberland counly, Pe/in.: IS m. 
W. S. W. Harrisburg. 

White Lai^e, p. o., Sulliv;:n county, y. }'. .' 8S m. S. W. 
Albany. White lake, in the vicinity, is a small but very 
beautiful sheet of water, abounding with fish, etc. A good 
hotel accommodates summer visitors. 

WHiTrLEV,t. and p.o.,C.recnoco.. /*f?n?i. .* 1G3 m.W.by8. 
Harrbl)urg. Drained by Whitolcy cr., (lowing into Mouon- 

929 



WHI 



WHI 



gahela r. It conlains several tanneries, grist and saw mills. 
Pop. about 2,500. 

Whitelevsuueo, p. v., Kent co., Dd, : 17 m. S. "W. by S. 
Dover. 

W'uiTE MAEsn, p. 0., Columbus county, i*/". Car. : 99 m. 
S. Kak-igh. 

VTiriTE Marsh, t. an J p. o., Montcomery county, Penn.: 

85 m, E. IJarrisbiirg. Brained by Wissahickon cr., wliieh 

affords watcT-power to various mills. Pop. oft. about 2,4(111. 

"WmTE Mills, p. o., Wayne county, Penn. : 124 in. N. E. 

Harrisburg. 

WniTK Mountain, p. c, Coos co., 2^^. Bamp. : 7*1 m. N. 
Concord. 

WniTE Oak, p. o., Columbia co., Ga. : 64 m. N. E. by E. 
Mi lied {rev i He. 

WiHTE Oak^ p. 0., KitcUie co., rirg. : 223 m. N. W. by W. 
Eiebmond. 

White Oak, t. and p. o., Ingham county, Mich. : 622 m. 
S. E. by E. Lansing. Pop. in 1S40, 270 ; in 1S50, SOS. 

White Oak, p. o., Hopkins co., Tex. : 247 m. N. N. E. 
Austin City. 

White Oae, p. o., Humphreys co., Tenn. : 4S m. W. by N. 
Nashville. 

White Oak Geove, p. 0., Dubois county, Ind. : 102 m. 
S. S. W. Indianapolis. 

WuiTE Oak Geove, p. o., Greene county, Mo. : 117 m. 
S. W. by S. Jefferson City. 

White Oak Hill, p. o., Fleming co., Ky. : 72 m. E. by N. 
Frankfort. 

White Oak Spring, p. v., La Fayette co., Wise. : near 
Illinois State line, 66 ra. 8. W. Madison. 

White Oak Spkings, p. o., Brown county, Jll.: 60 m. W- 
Springfield. 

White Path, p. c, Gilmer co., Ga. : 152 m. N. W. by N. 
Mil ledge villa. 

White Pigeon, t., p. v., and sta., St. Joseph's co., Mch. : 
80 m. S. W. by S. Lansing. Drained by Pigeon and Fawn 
rivers, branches of St. Joseph r. The v. contains 2 churches 
and several stores. The Michigan Southern K. K. passes 
through, 119 m. from Chicago, 123 m. from Monroe. Pop. 
of t 794. 

White Plains, p. v., Benton county, Al<t. : on W. side of 
Cbocolocko cr., 105 m. N. N. E. Montgomery. 

White Plains, p. t., Greene co., Ga. : 80 m. N. N. E. 
Milledgeville. It contains an academy, 2 churches, and 
several stores, etc. 

White Plains, t, p. v., sta., and cap. Westchester county, 
y. Y.: 116 m. S. Albany. Bounded W. by Bronx r., and 
E. by Mamaroneck cr. The v. contains the county build- 
ings, 2 academies, 6 churches, and about 750 inhabitants. 
The Harlem E. E. passes W. of the v., 26 m. from the City 
Hall, New York ; 123 ra. from Albany. Pop. of 1. 1,414. 

White Plains, p. v., Cleveland county, A^ Car. : 153 m. 
W. by S. Raleigh. 

White Plains, p. v., Jackson co., T<mn. : 75 m. E. N. E. 
Nashville. 

White Plains, p. v., Brunswick county, Virff. : C5 m. 
8. S. W. Eichmond. 

White Pokd, p. o., Barnwell district, S. Car.: 60 m. 
S. by W. Columbia. 

White Post, p. o., Pulaski county, Ind. : 82 m. N. N. W. 
Indianapolis. 

White Post, p. v., Clark co., Virg. : 115 m. N. by W. 
Eichmond. 

White Eiver, p. o., Desha co., A7± : on White r., at its 
entrance into Ihe Mississippi, S3 m. S. E. by E. Little Eock. 
White Eitee, p. o., Morgan county, Ind. : S2 m. S. W. 
Indianapolis. 

White Kiveu Junction, p. v. andsta.,Windsorco., Ve.-^m. : 
on W. side of Connecticut r., at confluence of While r., 
by R. R. 02 m. S. E. by S. Montpelier. TJie v. is pleas.anlly 
built, and contains an extensive iron-foundry and inachine- 
ehop ; but derives its business and importance from the 
980 



railroads here connecting: viz,, Vermont Central E, E. 
Connecticut and Passumpsic Rivers E. R., and Northern 
(N. Ham p.) R. R. 

Whete River Village, v. and sta., Windsor co., Venit, ; 
on White r., and Vermont Central R. K., 1 m. from While 
River Junction, and by railroad, 01 m. from Mitnipelier. It 
is built upon au elevated plain, principally upon tlic N. side 
of the r., and is encircled on the N. by a hill. A dain is 
here thrown across the stream, affording water-power on 
botli sides. 

White Road, p. c, Forsyth co., X. Car. : 90 m. W. N. W. 
Ealeigli. 

White Rock, t. and p. v., Ogle co., III. : 153 m. N. by E. 
Springfield. The t. contains considerable prairie laud, and 
is drained by Stillman's river. 

White Roce, p. c, Yancey county, Jsf. Car.: 102 m. W. 
Raleigh. 

White Rock, p. o., Navarro co., Tex. : 146 ra. N. N. E. 
Austin City. 

WmTESDORO'', V. and sta., Oneida county, iV. K ; on S. W. 
bank of Mohawk r., S7 m. W. N. W. Albany. Settled in 
17S4; incorporated in 1S13. It is very pleasantly built, and 
its streets are finely ornamented with shade trees. It con- 
tains the county buildings, 5 churches, 2 excellent academics, 
several large manufactories, and 1 bank, cap. $120,000. The 
New York Central E. R. passes through it. 4 m. from Utic.a, 
99 m. from Albany, 49 m. from Syracuse. Pop. about 2,000. 
WiiiTKSBURG, p. v., Madison county, Ala.: on N. side 
of Tennessee r., 153 m. N. Montgomery. 

WniTESBDEG, p. v., and cap. Letcher county, Ky. : 123 in. 
E. S. E. Frankfort. It contains the county buildings. 

White's Coknebs, p. o., Erie county, K, Y. : 256 m. W. 
iVlbany. 

White's Coeners, p. o., Potter county, Penn.: 110 m 
N. N. W. Ilarrisburg. 

Wuite's Creek, p. o., Bladen co., K Car. : SO m. S. by E. 
Raleigh. 

Wuitesides county, Rl. Situate N, W., and contnins 
729 sq. m. Rock r. flows through the co. from E. to S. AV., 
by which and its branches it is drained. Surface varied, 
p.Trt being level and part undulating; suil productive. 
Wheat and Indian corn are exported. Farms 1.404; 
manuf. 24; dwell. 923, and pop.— wh. 5,359, fr. col. 2— 
total 5.361. Capital: Sterling C. H. Public WorAs: 
Chicago, Albany, and Cainanehe R. R. 

Whiteside's Cornees, p. o., Saratoga co., 2T. Y, : 40 m. 
N. Albany. 

White Springs, p. v., Hamilton county, Flor. : 86 m. E. 
Tallahassee. 

White Stone, p. o., Lancaster co., Virg. : 55 m. E. by N. 
Richmond. 

White's Store, p. o., Chenango co., y. Y. : on W. side 
of tJnadilla r., 87 m. W. by S. Albany. 

White's Stoke, p. o., Anson co., N. Car. : 96 m. S. W 
Raleigh. 

WiiiTESTowN, t., p. v., and one of the caps. Oneida co., 
K Y. : SS miles W. N. W. Albany. Bounded N. E. by 
Jilohawk r., and drained by Sadaquada and Oriskany creeks, 
which afford water-power. It contains several flourishing 
villages, of which W^hitcsboro' contains the Whitestown 
p. o. and the county buildings. The Erie Canal, and 
Central R. E. pass through its N. part. Pop. of t. iu IS-IO 
5,156; in 1^50,6,310. 

WuiTisTOWN, v., Adams co.. Penn.: 22 m. S. W. Harris- 
burg. It contains a cold-blast charcoal furnace, with annual 
capacity of 1,100 tons, employing 56 men. 

WuiTESTOWN, p. o., Butler co., Penn. : 16S m. W. N. W. 
Harrisburg. 

White Sulfhue, p. o., Scott county, K>/.: 20 m. N. E. 
Frankfort. 

WmTE SuLPnrR Springs, p. v., Limestone county, Ala. : 
175 ra. N. by W. Montgomery. 
White StLruuK Springs, p. v., Merriwether county, Ga. : 



WHI 



WIL 



on small branch of Chaltahoochie river, 96 m. W. by S. 
MilledgC'ville. 

WiirTE SuLPiiTTR SpEFNGS. p. 0., Catahoula parish, La.: 
103 m. X. "W. by N. Baton Kouge. 

"WuiTE StTLPnuR Springs, p. v., Greenbrier co., Virff.: 
on a branch of Greenbrier r., 15G m. W. by N. Richmond. 
These vaUiable meilicinal springs have for many years been 
the principal summer resort in Virginia. Their location is 
in an eleva!<:^l and beautifully picturesque valley surroundod 
by nmunlaiiis. Tlie average number of visit»irs per annum 
is usually 5 to 6,000; and upon the completion of the 
Covington and Ohio E. K., which will pass through this 
place, will be greatly increased. 

AVuiTEsvii.LE. p. v., Harris co., Ga. : on branch of Chatta- 
huochie r., Ill m.W. by S. Milledgcville. 

WniTESviLLE, p. v., "VTilkinson co., Jfiss.: near Louis- 
iana State line, 109 m. S. S. W. Jackson. 

"U'uiTEsviLLE, p. 0., Halifax co., Virj. ; 94 m. S. "SV. 
Eiehniond. 

WnrrESVJLLE, p. v.. Alleghany co., 2^. Y. : on branch of 
Genesee r., 21S m. W. S. W. Albany. It contains several 
mills, stores, etc, and 2 churches. 

"Whitesvu-le, p. v., sta.. and cap. Columbus co., 2^. Car. : 
on W. side Whitemarsh cr., 93 m. S Kaleigh. It contains 
the county buildings, stores, etc. The \Yilaiington and 
Manchester E. E. passes through it, 43 m. from "Wilmington. 
Pop. about 350. 

"WntTEsviLLE, p. o., Andrew co., Mb. : 170 m. N. "W. Jef- 
ferson City. 

"^'niTE Top, p. o., Sullivan co., Temi. : 240 m. E. by N. 
Nasliville. 

■\YniTEViLLE, p. v., Hardeman co., Teim. : 145 m. "W. S. W. 
Nashville. Pop. about 100. 

"White Water, p. o., Pike co., Ahi. : on E. side of branch 
of Pea r., 54 ra. S. E. by 8. Montgomery. 

AVniTE Water, t., Hamilton co., Ohio: 102 ra. S. W. by W. 
Columbus. Drained by Whitewater r. It contains several 
pleasant villages, among which is a Shaker settlement. See 
Waterti.iet, etc. Pop. 1,507. 

WuiTE Water, p. o., Fayette co., Ga. : SO m. W. N. W. 
MilledgeviHe. 

WniTE Water, p. o., Wayne co., Lui. : near Ohio State 
line, &4 m. E. by N. lu'iianapolis. 

White Water, t., p. v., an<l ata., Walworth co.. Wise. : 
S9 m. S. E. by E. Madison. Watered by tributaries of Rock 
r. The Milwaukie and Mississippi E. E. passes through the 
v., in N. W. part of t.. 5(i m. from Milwaukie, 20 m. from 
Janesville. Pop. oft. 1.252. 

White Water river, I'ld. : is formed at BrookviUe, 
Franklin co., by the confluence of the E. and W. forks ; 
thence it flows S. E. and S., to its entrance int^> Miami r., 6 
m. above its mouth. It affords water-power, has an aver- 
age width of 300 feet, and is navigable in high water. 

White Water river, Mo. and Ark. : is formed in Cape 
Girardeau co., Mo., by several head branches ; thence fl'iws 
in general course 8. by W., and nearly parallel to the Mis- 
sissippi, until it enters St. Francis bay, in Mississippi county, 
Arkansas. 

WniTiNG, t. and p. o., Washington county. Me.: 109 m. 
E. by N. Augusta. Surface diversified by numerous ponds. 
Machias bay lies on its S. W. border. Pop. 470. 

WniTiNO, t., p. o., and sta., Addison co., Ver/n.: 41 m. 
S. W. Monlpelier. An agricultural township. The P^ut- 
land and Burlington R. R. passes through its E. part, along 
111" banks of Otter creek, 75 m. fri.m Bellows Falls, 45 m. flroni 
Eiiriington. Pop. oft. 629. 

WuiTixGHAM, L and p. o., Windham co., TVwk." IOC m. 
S. by W. Mnntpelier. Drained by Deerfleld r. .and branches. 
It contains abundance of licQCStone, aud an excellent min- 
eral spring. Fop. 1,3S0. 

WniTiNS. sta., Worcester co., 3Xass. : on Providence and 
Worcester R. E., 17 m. from Worcester, 20 m. from i*rovi- 
dence, 34 m. S. W, by W. Boston. 



WinTiNsviLLE, p. v., Worcester co., Mass. : on branch of 
Blackslone r.. 36 m. S. W. by W. Boston. 

WuiTLET county, Ltd. Situate N. E., and contains 824 
sq. m. Drained principally by Eel r. and its tributaries. 
In the N. and middle portions the surface is undulating — 
sometimes hilly; but in the S. level. Forest land, inter- 
spersed with wet prau-ies, preponderate ; but there are also 
considerable bottoms and barrens. Farms 522 ; manuf. S ; 
dwell. 913, and pop.--wh. 5,095, fr. col. 95— total ,5,190. 
Capikil: Columbia. 

Wnm-ET county, Ki/. Situate S. E., and contains 704 eq. 
m. Drained by Cumberland r. and iLs branches. Surface 
hilly ; soil fertile, and in general very productive, the up- 
lands being well adapted to grazing, and much grain ia 
raised. Chief productions, Indian corn and tobacco. Farms 
9S0; manuf. 0; dwell. 1,214, and pop.— wh. 7,227, fr. col. 
19, 8l. 201— total 7,447. Capital: Williamsburg. PiO/lic 
Works : Knoxville and Lexington E. R. 

Whitley C. II., p. v., and cap. Whitley co., Ind. : in 
Columbia v., on N. W. side of Eel river, 101 m. N. N. E. 
Indianapolis. 

Whitley C. H., p. v., and cap. Whitley co., Ky. : in 
Williamsburg v., ou S. side of Cumberland r., SS m. S. 9. E. 
Frankfort, 

WiuTLEY's Poi>T, p. o., Shelby co., lU. : 65 ra. E. 8. E. 
Springtield. 

WmTLEYvrLLE, p. o., JacksoH CO., Tenn. : 55 m. E. N.E. 
Nashville. 

Whitney's Corneds, p. o,, Jefferson co., K. Y. : 152 m. 
N.W. by W. Albany. 

WmTSEY's Point, p. o., Broome county, 2T. Y. : 116 m. 
W. by S. Albany. 

WniTNEv's Valley, p. v. and sta., Alleghany co., Al F. ; 
on Buffalo and New York City R. R.. 7S m. from Buffalo, 
13 m. from Hornellsville, 214 ra. W. Albany. It contains 2 
churches, several stores, etc. 

WuiTNEYviLLE, p. V. and ata., Washington co.. Me. : on 
S. W. side Machias r., and on the Franklin U. E, 9 m. from 
Machiasporl, 114 m. E. by N. Augusta. 

Whitneyville, p. o., Kent co., Miclu : 58 m. W. N. W. 
Lansing. 

WniTTLtSET, p. 0., Medina co., Ohio: 96 m. N. E. by N. 
Columbus. 

WniTrLE's Mills, p. o., Mecklenburg co., Virg. : 87 m. 
S. W. by S. Richmond. 

Wick. p. o., Tyler county, Vlrg, : 2S0 m. N. W. by W. 
Richmond. 

WicKFOED, p. v., Washington co., R. I. : on W. side of 
branch of Narraganselt bay, 9 m. N. W. Newport. It has 
a good harbor, and employs considerable tonnage in the 
fisheries and coasting-trade. It contains three churches, an 
academy, and one bank. Pop. about 500. The Stonington 
and Providence R. R. parses through Wickford Dep6t,3 m. 
AV. of the village, 80 miles from Stonington, 20 miles from 
Providence. 

Wickliffe, p. v., Chambers county, ^/rt. : 66 ra. E. N. E. 
Montgomery. 

WicKLii-FE, p. v., Crawford co., Ltd.: 9S ra. S. by W. of 
Indianapolis. 

WiCKLiTFE, p. v., Jackson co., Ia. : 54 m. N. E. of Iowa 
City. 

WicKLiFFE, p. v., Lake co., Ohio: 140 ra. N. E. by N. of 
CoIuml>u8. 

WICO^^co CnDncn, p. o., Northurabcriand co., Vtrg. : 
5S m. E. N. E. Richmond. 

WiroNiscA, t. and p. o., Dauphin co., Pcnn. : 22 m. N. of 
Harrisburg. Pop. ol t. about 5oO. 

Wiueuan'8, p. o., Abbeville district, .*?. Car.: 75 m. W. 
Cohmibia. 

WiLiiR.\HAM, t and p. v., Hampden co., J/a^. : 72 m. 
W. by S. Boston. Drained by head branches of Scantic river, 
and other streams flowing into the Connecticut r. The v. 
contains two churches and the Wesleyan Academy, a flour- 

931 



WIL 



WIL 



i8hing Methoilist ios'itiUioQ. The Western K. E. passes 
through the N. p;irt of the t. Pop. of t. 2.127. 

Wilcox county, Aia. Situate toward the S. W., and con- 
tains 906 sq. m. Alabama r flows through it. by wliich 
and ils branches it is drained. Surface uneven; soil in 
some parts very fL-rliie; on the slri-ams the land is in gt-ti- 
eral very productive. Staples, Indian corn and olhor grain, 
cott'in, rice, and pulatoea. It lias some good timber land. 
Farms 6*)6; manuf. 6; dwell. 9S3. and pop. — wh. 5,516, fr. 
col. 1, si. ll-SS,"*— total 17,352. Capital: Camden C. H. 

"Wilcox's Stoke, p. o., Casey county, Ky. : 00 miles 3. of 
Frank f.Tt. 

Wild Cat, p. o., Carroll county, Imh : 53 miles N. N. "W. 
Indianapolis. 

"WiLDERNKSs. p. o., Spotlsvlvania county, Mrg.: 44 miles 
N. by W. Richmond. 

WiLDERNt-iBs, p. o.. Clafk CO.. Ahi. .* on small branch of 
Tombigbee r., 109 m. W. S. W. Monlgomery. 

Wild Haus, p. o., Izard co.. Ark. : 91 m. N. by E. Little 
Eock. 

WiLEv's Cote, p. o., Searcy co., A i-k. : on E. side of Cove 
cr., 74 m. N. by W. Litllc Rock. 

WiLEYViLLE, p. 0,, Dcsha CO., Ar/c. : 74 m. S. W. by S. 
Little Rock. 

Wilkes county, Gn. Situate toward the N. E.. and con- 
tains 436 sq. m. Fishing cr. and its brjinches, and affluents 
of Broad and Little rivers drain the county. Surface level ; 
soil fertile, and adapted to colt'in, which is Ihe chief pro- 
duction, and also to wh^al and grain, fine crops of wliich 
are raised. Pork and beef are exported. Farms 4CS ; 
manuf. 9; dwell. 709, and pop.— wh. 3.S05, fr. col. 21, si. 
8,281— total 12.107. Capital: Washington. 

Wilkes county, y. Car. Situate N. W., and contains 
679 sq. ra. Drained by Yadkin r. and its branches. Sur- 
face elevated, and diversified with inountains and valleys; 
soil fertile, and well fitted fur pasture. Chief productions, 
tobacco, cotton, and Inilian corn. This couniy is bounded 
on the N. W. by the Blue Iii«ige. Farms 1,0!)"; manuf. 9; 
dwell. 2.050, and pop.— wh. lu.746, fr. col. 211, si. 1,142— to- 
tal 12,(199. Capital: Wilkesboro'. 

WiLKESitARRE, p. b., atui cap. Luzerne co., Penn.: on 
8. E. bank of Susquehanna r.. S2 m. N. E. by N. Ilnrrisburg. 
The t. has a diversified surface, and is in the nii«lst of the 
anthracite coal region. The b. occupies a very beautiful 
and elevated situation, and is surrounded by delightful 
scenery. It Is laid out according to a beautiful plan of gen- 
eral regularity, and is neatly built. The county buildings 
are handsomely located on a public square at its centre. It 
also contains 3 churches, 2 a'-ademit s. 1 bank, cap. *>5,.330, 
1 anthraeiie blast furnace, with annual capacity of 1.500 
tons, employing 50 men, one of the largest rolling-mills in 
the Union, employing 250 men, and producing annually 
about 3.500 tons, besides other manufacturing esiablishmcnts. 
The North Branch Division of the Pennsylvania Canal 
passes through the borough. The " Luzerne Democrat" and 
"Dem. Wachter'' are issued weekly. Tliis place, with the 
vicinity surrounding it, are of much historical interest. It 
was first settled under the Susquehanna Land Company of 
Connecticut, and was laid out in 1773. Its ft)undcrs wore 
of the best citizens of New England, intelligent, enterpris- 
ing, and patriotic. Their conflicts in the Revolution wiih 
the allied British and Indians, especially that of the disas- 
trous ''Massacre of Wyoming."' are recorded in the annals 
of the nation, and commemorated on the field of their bat- 
tle by a beautiful monumenL Pop. in 1840, 1,728; in 1850, 
2,723. 

WiLKKSBOKo', p. v., M'Lcan couniy, III. : 55 m. N. N. E. 
Springfield. 

Wilkesboro', p. v., and cap. Wilkes co., X. Car. : on S. 
side of Yadkin r., 133 m. W. by N. Raleigh. It contains 
the court-house, juil, stores, etc. Pop. about ISO. 

Wilkesboro', p. v., Covington co.. Miss.: on branch of 
Pearl r, 65 m. S. S. E. Jackson. 



WiLKKSviLLE. t and p. v., Vinton co., 0/iio: (JS m. S. E. 
by 8. Columl)U3. Drained by Raccoon cr.. which afibrds 
water-power to several grist and saw-mills. The Cincinnati, 
U:llsboro', and Purkeriburg R. R. will pass through this t. 
Pop. oft. 1,037. 

Wii.Ki>s, p. o., Union co.. Ohio: 41 ni. K. W. Columbus. 

Wilkin?, t. and p. ol. Alleghany co.. Petit,. : ]n m. E. by 
^S. Pilisburg, 14S miles W. Ly ^^ Ilarrisburg. Population 
*abnul 2,50U. 

WiLiiiNSHUEG, p. V, and sta., Ailei;hany co..Pevn.: on 
Peimsylvania R. R., 7 m. from Pillaburg. 151 m. W. by N. 
Harrisburg. 

Wilkinson county, Ga. Situate centrally, and contains 
3SS sq. m. Drained by Big Sandy and Commissioner creeks, 
branches of Oconee r., which forms its eastern btumdary. 
Surface level or undulating; soil fi-rtile. iind in part very 
productive. Cotton is llie staple, but excellent crops of 
wheat and grain are raised, and fruit is imieli cultivated, 
oranges, lemons, citrons, peaches, plums, pears, and pome- 
granates being produced of excellent flavor and quality. 
Farms 645; manuf O; dwell. 9S3, and pop. — wh. 5.467, fr. col. 
; si. 2,745— total 8,212. Capital : Irwinion. PuIMc Wbrls : 
Georgia Central R. R. ; Milledgeville and Gordon R. R. 

Wilkinson county. Misn. Situate S. W., and contains 
654 sq. m. Drained principally by Buffalo rr.. which passes 
througli it centrally. Surface in general is hilly, and in 
parts much broken. On the Mississippi, which bounds it on 
the W., the land is high, from which it inclines to the in- 
terior ; soil fertile, and is well adapted to coiton, which is 
the chief production. Farms 404; m.anuf. IS; dwell. 736, 
and pop.- wh. 3.624, fr. col. 80, sla. 13,260- total 16,914. 
CapiUd: Woodville. 

WiLKiNsoNviLLE, p. V., Worccstcr CO., Mass. : on S. side 
of Blackstone r, 35 m. W. S. W. Boston. 

WiLKiNsoNviLLK, p. v., Uiiion disL, S. Car. : on W. side 
of Broad r.. 70 m. N. N. W. Columbia. 

Will county, JU. Situate N. W., and contains 1,153 
sq. m. Drained by Iroquois and Kankakee rivers, tributa- 
ries of Illinois river. Surfaw generally even; in pjirts it is 
hilly and broken. Soil in many portions verj productive. 
Staples, wheal, grain, and potatoes. Farms l,2u0: niamif. 
94; dwell. 2,796. and pop.— wh. 16.670, fr. eo]. 33— total 
16,703. Capital: Joliet. PuhUc WorH: Chicago Branch 
of Central R. R. : Chicago and Mississippi R. II. ; Illinois 
and Michigan Canal. 

Willamette river, Oreg. Ter. : rises in Lane co., flows 
N. E. and N., and empties into Colombia r., nearly opposite 
Fort Yancouver. 

Willamette Forks, p. o., Linn co., Oreg. Ter. : 60 m. S. 
Salem. 

WiLLET, 1. and p. o., Cortlandt co., N. Y. : 114 m.W. by 3. 
Albany. Drained by Otselic r. Pop. 923. 

WiLLET, p. o., Greene co.. Wise. : 35 m. S. S. W. Madison. 

WiLLKTviLLE, p. 0., Ulghlaud county, Ohio : 59 m. S.S.W. 
Cohimbus. 

Williams county, OMo. Situate N.W.,and contains 433 
sq. m. Drained by St. Joseph's branch of Ihe Manmee r. 
and its aflluents, and Tifllu r. and its branches, which sup- 
ply good water-power. Surface undulating; soil fertile. It 
contains a mineral spring, which is much frequented on ac- 
count of its medicinal qualities, ami Ilie odur of which is 
perceived at the distance of a quarter of a mile. It ia wcU 
wooded. Farms 651; manuf. 29; dwell. 1.390. and pop. — 
wh. S,(ilS, fr. col. 90— total 8,103. Capital: Bryan. 

Williams, p. o., Christian co., Ky.: 159 m.W. S. W 
Frankfort. 

WiLLiAMSBORO', p. V., Granville county, iV. Car.: 42 m. 
N. by E. Raleigh. Pop. about 100. 

William's Bridge, sla., Westchester county, X. Y.: on 
Br<mx r. and Ilariem R. R., 14 m. from City Hall, New York. 

Williamsburg district, S.Car. Silnate toward the K., 
and contains 1.0S7 sq. m. Drained by Black r. and its trib- 
utaries, and Cedar cr. Surface even; soil varied — in gen- 



WIL 



■\VIL 



tnUtorlilii.'iii'i itm.hi.-livi'. Si:(pl.'S. rice iind entton. Farms 
451: m:mul". li ; .!\v.-ll. 717. ;inil j.op.— wli. 3.9n-2, fr. onl. :i7, 
sl.S.SOS—tninl (2. ITT. Ciij'if'il: Kin-rslrt-e. I'lib/icWorAs : 
Nnrlli-i'iisicrii i;. U. 

AVii.MAMSin Kc. p. v.. Wnj nc co., IikK : on On-eti's fork, 
5S m. K. b> N. Iniliaiiapolis. I'np- iilmut 4iR). 

WiLLiAM-iifm:. t. nil. I p. o., I'lS'-aMupiis co.. J/i\ ; §0 m. 
N. N. K. Anua^ui. Draineil by Pleasaiii r. and il> ImuK'liL'S. 
rnp. ]'24. 

AViLi-iA\tsiu-r:o, t. atifi p. v., ir:itnps,hire co.. J/.;w. .■ S.'i ra. 
"W. Hosioii. iiraiiied by Mill riv r. wlncli aflnnls watcr- 
piiMHT ti> several milts aiiii uiaiiu'aotories. The v. contains 
3<'lmr.hes. r".[>. of I, 1,537. 

"Wii-i-iAM^iii;!!';, p. v.. and cap. CnvinLctnn cminty. ^^■■^s. : 
(u III. 8. 1".. by S. -lackaon. It C'lniains Uie co. buiKliiigs. 
Top. about led. 

AViLLiAMhui'Kii p. v., Callaway cniiniy, Jfo. : '2S m. N. E. 
Jefferson fiiy. p..p. alM>iit 120. 

W'lLLiAMsiuRG. p. city. King^ co., X. 1' ; on E. bank of 
East river. -2 m. K. by N. City Hull, New York, 145 m. S. 
AilMny. This floiirisliina: city occupies n handsome and 
elevated site, is planried ynd laid out wiili regularity, and is 
increasini; in [lopiilation and i:eni ral prosperity corr- spond- 
ini; to ilie growth uf New York, <if whieh it is pmperly a 
tuburb, beirijr ciinnccte<l by the nmst imimale ties of busi- 
ness. It is well built oiui paved, and liglited with aas. It 
w:is iiicoiijorati'd as a viUage in 18'27, and chartereil as a 
city April 7. 1851. iLs situation for hnsiniss is moat favor- 
able, and its manufactures are varied and very exiensive. 
Tlie ship-yanls in its N. W. part are amonic the largest and 
most inip'iriant in the vicinity of New Yurk, emplounK sev- 
eral liumlred men. A very large proponinn of iis ciitzens 
are eniraiied in daily business in New York, to wliicli fnur 
steam fvrnes have boats constantly plying. The general 
municipal covernment is vested in a niavor and twidve 
aldermen (f mr from each of three wards), who h<(ld offii-e 
for two years. The police, fire, and other departments are 
consiitiited upon plans similar to those of New York, but 
variol by llic part cularwanL** of this city. The City Wattr- 
\Vorks, commenced in lSo3, are in progress l'>ward cnm- 
pleti'in. The churches are about thirty in number, many 
of which are very commodious and handsome edifices 
Atnnng thi' public buildings, the Odeon is the principal 
!iall tor pui'lic eiileriaininent, etc. Its public schftols, ar- 
ranged aecnnling to the general State system, are well con- 
ducted, anil considerable interest is manifested in education 
by the citizens getierally. The newspaper pres>». iu 1850, 
consisted of four dailies, viz., '■ W. Gazette" (widg). '-W. 
Times'' (neul.). " ln<iependent Press" (ileni.). and "Deiiio- 
cralic Advui-ale." In In')^, llie con*tructi(tn of avenue rail- 
roads ari<( other i;n|)rovement.s. arc operating wiih m^st 
beneficial inlluence upon the growth of the city. Pop. in 
ISST). about 3.niK); in 1S40. 5.094; in 16J5, ll..S:J^; in 1S50. 
oi».7>fi. The popuiati'in at the present lime (July, 1S53) is 
perhaps little les!* than 5il.fMiO. 

'\Vii.LiA.Msi;rp.<;, p. v.. De Kalb co., HI,: on Sycamore r., 
ir5 m. N. N. K. ^pringtield. 

WiLi.iAM^uritrt. p. V,, Iredell co.. A\ Car.: on E. side 
of Kock cr.. llfi m. W. by N. Pvuleigh. 

"^Vii-LiAM^^itruK. t. and p. v., Clermont co., Ohio : S2 m. 
S.W. by S. Columbus, drained by K. fork of Little Miami 
river. Pop. of v. about 5n(i ; of i. 1.8^5. 

■\ViixiA.MsBuno. p. b., lilair county, Penn,: on S. side 
Juniata r., 72 m. W. by N. IIarri>iburg. Incorporated in 
IS-'S. It contains 5 churches, several mills, and other man- 
ufaeliiring fetahhshments. 1 hot-blast charcnl furnace. 
with annual capacity of 1.40(1 tons, and 2 charcoal forges, 
each annually producing 600 tons blooms, and employing 80 
men. Pop. about S50. 

Wiu-i.^.M-^nuMG, p. v., and cap. James City co,, Virff. : 
4t) m. K. S. E. Kichmond. Pleasantly situated on elev.^ted 
land between .Tames antl York river*. It wa« first settled in 
1632, and w;is the seat of the colonial governmeiiL It is 



handsomely laid out with streets crossing at richl angles 
The county buildings stand upon a public sipiare. It also 
contains 3 churches, and the College of William and Mary, 
which was founded in li'.92. and in 1550 had 1 professors. -36 
students, and 5.000 volumes in its library, and a flourishing 
law department of 32 students. Pop. S77. 

IrViLi.TAM's Centre, p. v., William's co., Ohio: 134 ra. 
N. W. Columbus. 

William's Cp.oes Road?, p. o., Clioetaw co., ^/(/. ; 115 m. 
W. by S. Montgomery. 

Wii.LiAMsFiELi). t. and p. o., Af^hlabula co., Ohio: 15S m» 
N. K. Columbus. Drained by branches of Shenango and 
P\matuning creeks. Pop. ;>H2. 

Williamson county. !U. Situate S., and contains 432 
sq. m. Drained by Mmi'ly and Saline creeks, the Ibrmer 
being a tributary of the Mississippi, and the laiter of the 
Ohio. Surface varied ; in some parLs hilly and broken, but 
in ecti'^ral it is level. Soil fertile, and raises good crops of 
wheat and grain, and is favorable to the cultivation of to- 
bacco and cotton. Pine timber is to be found on the I.-ind. 
Farms 752; manuf. 10; dwell, 1,195. and pop.— wh. 7.149, 
fr. col. 67— total T.'2I6. <\rpiUil: Marion. Puhltc Works: 
^angamonand Massac P.. II. 

Williamson county, 7>riit. Situate W. centrally, and 
contains b-iy\ sq. in. llarpetTi r., a branch of Tennessee r, 
passes through the Co., by which and its branches it ia 
drained. Surt'ace level or gently nmlulatini: ; soil fertile. 
Staples, wheal, grain, tobacco, and cotton. It has a good 
erowth of timber. Farms 1,355; manuf. 54; dwell. '2 534, 
and pop.— wh. 14.267, fr. col. 70. si. l'2.StU— total 2T,20l. 
C<ij>Uid : Franklin. Pithlic Works: Nashville and New 
Orleans K. 11. 

WiLLiAM-^oN county. T'-x. Situate E. centrally, and con- 
tains 1,1(57 Mp m. Drained by San Gabriel r. and its N. and 
S. forks, and by lirushy er. and its branches. Surface va- 
ried, part of it beiiiir niouniainoiis. and part level or rolling 
— the laiter portions being mostly prairie, wiih erovea of 
timber interspersed. Soil fertile and verj' [irodiictive, yield- 
ing large crops of grain, cotion, and potatoes, Indiirogrowa 
wild, ami might, by cultivation, be n-ndered very valuable. 
Wheat, also, succeeds well, and the hind is in general favor- 
able to all airriiuliural productions. I-'amis 107 ; manuf 1 ; 
dwell. '230, and po[».— wh. 1.410, fr.coI.y,&I. 155— total 1,5G3. 
Capitdl: Georgetown. 

WiLLiAMSc)N, t. and p. V., Wayne county. N'. Y. : 1S2 m, 
W. by N. Albany. Pr.iiiied by small streams flowing into 
Lake Ontario, which bounds it on the N. Pop. of v. about 
160; of t. 2.380. 

Williamson, p. v., Jefferson county, Ky. : 40 m. W. 
Frankfori, 

Williamson, p. v., Owen co., TjkJ.: 47 m. S. W. by S. 
Indianapolis. ' 

Williamson's Mills, p. o.. Lexington district, K Car.: 
on small branch of N. Edistn r.. 42 m. S. S. W. Columbia. 

WiLLiAMSoNViLLE. p. V., Mac-ou CO., J/o. ,■ 90 Ri. N. by W. 
JetTiTSon City. 

Willi A MS PORT, p. v., and cap. Warren co.. Itui. : on W. 
bank of Waltash r.. 69 in. N. W. by W. Indianapolis. It 
has a good landing for steanil'oaL-*. carries on an important 
trade, and is surrounded by a very fertile n-gion. First set- 
tleil in 1S*29. U coniains ihe county buildinirs, etc. The 
" Wabash Commercial" (whig) is iiere publisiied. Pop. 
about 450. 

WiLLiAM'^poitT. p. o., Point Coupee parish, I.a.: 37 ra. 
N. W. Baton Pouge. 

WiLLiA.MSPoKT. p. V., Washington county. iW. .• on N. E. 
bank of Potomac r, 79 m. N. W. by W. Annapolis. Thlg 
is the depot of an extensive fertile reirion. and has excellent 
stii()ping facilities. T!ie ('hesapeake and fihio Canal p.asses 
Ihrouirh it, ami the Franklin K. H. from Chambersburg will 
be exteniled to this place. It contains a bank, capital 
$135,000. I'op. about 450. 

WiLtiA.MSpoBT, p. b., and cap. Lycoming co.. P^nn.: on 

933 



WIL 



WAY 



N. bank of W. branch of Susquehaima r., 66 m. N. by W. i 
Harrisburg. It conUiins the county builtiings. 1 bank, cap- 
ital $100,000, 2 academies, and 4 churches. The " L. Ga- 
zette" (dem.) and "L. Democrat" are issued weekly. The 
"West Branch Division of Pennsylvania Canal passes llmmgh 
it The "Williamsport and Elmira K. 11. (construelc*! to 
Ralston, 25 m.), and the Sunbury and Erie R. E, with other 
projected lines, ivUl greatly increase the business interests 
of this place. Top. in 1S40, 1,353 ; iu 1S50, 1,615. 

WiLLiAMsroRT, p. v., Pickaway co., Ohio: on E. aide of 
Darby cr., 26 m. S. Columbus. 

WiLLiAMSPORT, p. V., Maury co., Tenn.: on S. side of 
Duck cr., 3S m. S. W. by S. Nashville. 

WiLLiAMSPORT, p. V., Hardy co., Virg.: on branch of 
Potomac r., U3 ra. N. N. AV. Eichmond. 

William's Stoke, p. o., Berks co., Penn. : 54 m. E. N. E. 
Harrisburg. 

William's Store, p. o., Hardeman co., Tenn. : 125 m. 
W. S. W. Nashville. 

WiLLiAMSTON, p. V., and cap. Martin co., K. Car.: SS m. 
E. Ealeigh. It contains the county buildings, etc. Pup, 
about 300. 

WiLLiAMSTON, p. V. and sta., Anderson dist., S. Car. : on 
Greenville and Columbia E. E., 93 m. W. N. W. Columbia. 
WiLLiAMSTows, p. V., Decatuf CO., Ind. : 43 m. S. E. by E. 
Indianapolis. 

WiLLiAMSTowN, p. V., and cap. Grant co., Ky.: S6 m. 
N. N. E. Frankfort. It contains the court-house and sev- 
eral dwellings. 

WiLLiAxioTOWN, t. and p. v., Berkshire co., Mass. : 19 m. 
N. Pillsfield, 111 m. W. by N. Boston. Drained by lloosic 
r. and branches, which afford water-power to several milts 
and factories. The v. is on uneven ground, but very pleas- 
ant. Lat. of Cong. ch. 420 42' 49" N., long. 73° 13' lu" W. 
Williams College, here located, was founded in 1793, and 
iu 1S50 had 8 professors, 1,317 alumni. 179 students, and 
18,751 volumes in its libraries. Pop. of t. 2,620. 
Wflliamstown", p. o., Ingham co., Mich. 
WiLLjAMSTowN, t., p. V., and sta., Oswego co., N. Y. : 
124 m. W. N. W. Albany. The Waterlowa and Eorae E. E. 
pa.sses through, 23 m. from Eome, 54 m. from Watertown. 
Pop. in 1S40, &42 ; iu 1S50, 1,121. 

WiLLiAMSTowN, p, 0., Camdcn county, JV. Jer. : 37 m. 
S. by W. Trenton. 

WiLLiAMSTuwN, t and p. o., Orange co., Verm. : 10 ra. 
S. by E. Montpelier. The t. has an elevated and uneven 
surface, and contains 5 churches, several miUs, etc. Pop- 
ulation 1,452. 

WiLLiAMSviLLE, p. v., Erie CO., i\^, y. : on N. E. side of 
EUicotl's cr., 2G2 m. W. Albany. It contains 8 churches, 
several mills, and other manufacturing establishments, and 
a large water-lime mill. 

WiLLiAMSVTiLE, p. V., Kent CO., Del: 15 m. S. 8. W. 
Dover. 

WiLLiAMSviLLE. p. V., Persoii CO., y. Citr. : on branch of 
Dan r., 56 m. N. W. by N. Ealeigh. 

WiLLiAMSviLLK, p, V., Elk CO., Peuii. ." Ott N. county line, 
127 m. N. W. Harrisburg. 

WILLIAMSVILLE, p. 0., Dlcksou CO., Ttmu. : 37 m. W. 
Nashville. 

WILLIAMSVILLE, p. V., Windham co., Venn. : on brancli 
of West r., 95 m. S. Montpelier. 

WILLIAMSVILLE, p. V., Delaware co., Ohio : 13 m. N. by W. 
Columbus. 

WILLIAMSVILLE, p. 0., Bath CO., Virg.: 123 m. W. N. W. 
Eichmond. 

WiLLiMANsETT, p. V. aud sta., Hampden co., 3fass. : on 
E. bank of Connecticut r., 77 m. W. by S. Boston. The 
Connecticut Eiver K. K. passes through, 6 m. from Spring- 
field. 

WiLLiMANTic, p. b. and sta., Windham co., Conn. : on 
N. side of Williraantic r., 23 m. E. by S. Hartford. It eon- 
tains several very large cotton factories, other mills, and 4 
934 



churches. The " Public Medium" (ncuL) is issued weekly, 
The railroads passing through this place are, Hartford, 
Pro\'idenee, and Fishkill E. E.. 32 m. from Hartford ; New 
London, Willimantic, and Palmer K. E-, 30 m. from New 
London. 36 m. from Palmer; and the projected New York 
and Boston Direct E. E. 

WiLLixG, p. o., Alleghany co., J^. Y. : 224 m. W. by S. 
Albany. 

WiLLiNGTON, t. and p. v., Tolland coun4y, Conv. : 21 m. 
K by N. Hartford. Drained by brani'hes of Willimanli<- r.. 
which supply good water-power. The New Loudon, Wil- 
limantic, and Palmer E. E. passes on its W. border. In 
the V. are 2 churches. Pop. of t. 1.399. 

WiLLiNGTON, p. v., Abbeville dist., S. Car.: 60 m. W. 
Columbia. 

WiLusBURG, p. 0., Washington co^ Ki/. : 85 m, S. S. W. 
Frankfort. 

WiLLiSTON, p. V. and sta., B.irmvell dist., S. Car. : on 
South Carolina E. E., 99 m. from Charleston, 3S m. from 
Augusta., 45 m. S. S. W. Columbia. 

WiLLiSTOX„jp. o., Potter co., Penn.: 110 m, N. W. by N. 
Harrisburg. 

Wlllistox, t, p. v., and sta.. Chittenden co., Verm. : on 
S. side of Onion r., 26 m. W. N. W. Montpelier. Surface 
uneven. Drained by small streams. The Vermont C'entral 
E. E. passes through its N. E. part, lo6 m. from Windsor. 
The v. is handsomely built. Pop. of 1. 1,699. 

WiLLOuGHBY, t., p. v., and sta., Lake co., Ohio: 133 m. 
N. E. by N. Columbus. Chagrin r. flows on its E. border 
into Lake Ontario, which bounds it N. The v. contains 2 
churches, several stores, etc. The Cleveland and Erie E. E. 
passes through it, IS m. from Cleveland, 77 m. from Erie. 
Pop. of t. 2.0S1. 

WiLLouGiiBT lake and river, Orleans co., Venn. : the lake 
in Westmoreland town is a large and handsome sheet of 
water, and the river, its outlet, is the principal tributary ot 
Barton river. 

Willow Cheek, p. c, Marquette county, irXw.; 70 m. 
N. by E. Madison. 

WiLixiw Creek, p. c, Lee co.,IU.: ISO m. N. by E. 
Springfield. 

Willow Ckeek, p. 0., Marion dist., S. Car. : 90 m. E. 
Columbia. 

Willow Dale, p. o., Trumbull co,, O?iio: 14.T m. N. E. 
Columbus. 

Willow Grove, p. o., Coweta co., Ga. : 104 m. W. by N 
Milled geville. 

Willow Grove, p. v., Montgomery co., Pe7in. : 90 m. E. 
Harrisburg. 

Willow Gkove, p. o., Sumter dist., S. Car. : on W. side 
Lynch'S cr.. 50 m. E. Columbia. 

Willow Island, p. o., Wood co., Vtrff. : 226 m. W.N.W. 
Eichmond. 

Willow Spring, p. o., Claiborne county, Miss. : 43 hl 
W. S. W. Jackson. 

Willow Springs, t. and p. v., Lafayette co., Wi^c. : 45 m. 
S. W. by W. Madison. Watered by Pckatonica r. Pop. 
of t. 606. 

Willow Street, p. o., Lancaster co., Penn.: 36 m. S. E. 
by E. Harrisburg, 

Wu-LisBoito', t. and p. v., Essex co., X. Y. : on W. side 
of Lake Champlain, IIS m. N. by E. Albany. 1'lie v. on 
Boquet r. contains several mills, etc. Pop. of v. about 500 ; 
of t. 1,932. 

Wills' Creek, p. o., Coshocton co., Ohio : on creek of 
same name, 65 m. E. by N. Columbus. 

WiLi-SEYViLLE. p. v.and8ta.,Tiogaco.,iV. Y.: on Cayuga 
and Susquehanna E. E.. 14 m. from Oswego, 19 miles from 
Ilhaca, 13S m. W. by S. Albany. 

W^iLL-SHiRE, t and p. v.. Van Wert county. Ohio: 93 miles 
W. N. W. Columbus. Drained by St. Mary's r.. on the S. 
bank of which is the v., containing in 1S50 147 inhabiVanls, 
Pop. of t. iu 1S40, 4&4; iu 1S50, 1,053. 



WIL 



^YIL 



■\ViLi.s* Point, p. o., Bentun cunty, Tom. : "'2 miles \V. 
Ka^hville. 

"WiLMrNGTON, p. v., TJn'ion co., Ark. : on 3. side nfW acliila 
r., 9S m. S. Little Eoek. 

%ViLMiNGTON, p. oily, poft of ontrv, ami one of the caps. 
Newcnslle en., I>el.: 13 pleasantly situated betwet-n Bran- 
dywinir miil Christiana ereck?, 1 ni. above tlipir I'onflui'nce, 
'> m. "W. Delaware r.. 3T miles N. Dover. Lat. J^D^ 41' N. ; 
'on:;. To^ 'is' W. Distance by railroad from "Washington 
}''-^ in. ; Biillirnore, 70 m. ; IMiiladelphia, ^S m. ; New York, 
115 III. lis site is pleasant and he:d(hy, on ground risint; 
£;r;i.|iially to the heiicht of 1I'2 feet above lide-waltT. It is 
n-irularly laid out, with wide streets crossinj; at rii^Iit anfjies, 
an<l is well built, chiefly of brick. It is supplied with w:iliT 
from tliL* Brandywini-, by extensive water-works, constructed 
likf those of l*hiladeli)hia. Ii contains a eity hall, several 
county buildin£;s, an arsenal, 2 market-houses, several ex- 
cellent academifs, and 19 churches. The hospital, located 
upon a line eminence, is 126 feet Ion<j and 3 stories high. 
There are 4 banks, with aggregate capital of $T(iO,OllO. The 
manufactures of Wilmington are various and most exten- 
s>ive. Great water-power is afforded by the falls of the 
Brandywine, and improved by mills and factories of all 
kinds. Tho fiouring-mills are, however, the most numer- 
ous and extensive, and among the largest in the Union. 
The making of gunpowder has for many years been exten- 
sively carried on in the vicinity. The navigation interests 
of Wilmington are also large. Vessels drawing 14 feet 
water come to its wharves in Christiana cr., and Brandy- 
wine creek admits those drawing S feet water. The total 
toiniage of this district on Juno 30th, ISoO, was 9,4G0 tons. 
The register tonnage amounted to 1.G51 tons, viz., GSl tons 
l>erinatient, and 970 tons temporary. Tho enrolled and 
lieensed tonnage amounted to 7,Sit9 tons, nK>stly perma- 
nent, and all employed in the coasting trade, of wliich 1,420 
tons were propelled by steam. During the year preceding 
it iiad no foreign commerce. Vessels buiit duritig the year, 
\C) (,12 schooners, S sloops, 1 steamer)— 1,'^49 tons. In 1S.~)2 
it had among its vessels 11 steamboats— 2.(>Sl tons. The 
general business and prosperity of this city are steadily in- 
creasing. It is surrounded by a very fertile agricultural 
district, has great natural advantages for manufacturing, in- 
dustry, and trade, and its connections by railroad insure 
constant communication with the great cities of the nation, 
lis newspaper press in 1S50 consisted of "Delaware Re- 
publican," " Del. State Journal." each publishing tri-wcekly 
and weekly editions ; " Del. Gazette,'' semi-weekly and 
weekly ; and 2 weeklies, " Blue Hen's Chicken" (whig), 
atid '• Independent Delawarian" (dera.) Pop. in lSI0,4.41fi; 
in 1S20, 5,'2GS; iu 1S30, G.62S ; in 1S40, S,3f57 ; in 1S50, 
13,'J79. An enumeration taken in 1S53 gives the following: 
G,oS7 white males, 7,3S9 while females, 920 colored males, 
l,2o7 colored females— total lCi,153. 

"Wjlmington, p. v., "Will CO., ///. .■ on E. side of Kankakee 
r., 127 ra. N. E. Springfield. 

■Wilmington, p. v., Dearborn county, Iml.: on S. side of 
Tanner's cr., 7T m. S. E. by E. Indiannpnlis. 

Wilmington, t., p. v., and sla., Middlesex co,, Musfi. :. 
15 m. N. W. l)y N. Boston. The t. has a level surface, light 
sandy soil, and i)rodiices large quantities of hops. It is 
crossed by the Boston aiut Lowell K. Ii. ; Boston and Ttlaine 
H. R. ; Salem and Lowell II. U. ; and a junction branch i:. U. 
The V. is small but neatly built. Pop. of t. S7fi. 

Wilmington, p. city, portof entry, and cap. New Ilanover 
county, Ji/! Car.: on Cape Fear r., near the confluence of 
the N. E. and N. W. branches. aI>out 35 ra. from the Atlantic 
Ocean ; 125 m. S. S. E. Raleigh.- Latitude 31^ 11' N. ; 
longitude 78° 10' W. Its site is rather low, and considered 
goiuewhat unhealthy. Its favorable position for trade has, 
however, secured a large population, and permanent busi- 
ness interests. In 1S19, it suffered most severely by a con- 
fl;igralion which destroyed 200 buildings, at a loss of over 
$1,0'>0,00('. It contains a court-house, jail, several churches, 



and 3 bank9,wilhaggregatGcap. of $1,050,000. It is lighted 
liy gas distilled from wood. In 1 850, its newspaper press 
comprised G issues, viz., "Commercial" (whig), iri-wei^kly 
and weekly; 2 semi-weeklies, "Aurora"' (neutral), and 
"Journal" (dem.); 2 weeklies, "Chronicle" (whig), and 
'■lieligious Intelligencer" (Bapt.). 

Tlie railroads euteritig Wilmington are, Wilminirton and 
Weldon 1;. It. (from Weldon 102 in.); and Wilmiugtftn and 
Manche&ter R. R. (from Manchester 15(') m.); both of which 
arc very important avenues of travel and trade. The harbor 
has a shoal at its entraiiee, but admits vessels of 300 tons. 
Tlie r. is divi.lcd into 3 channels by 2 islands, which are 
the linest rice fields iu tlie Stale. The total tonnage of tins 
district on June 30th, ls50, was 15,193 tons. Tlu- registered 
tonn:ige amounted lo 9,123 tons, consisting of 1.40G tons 
permanent, and 7.717 tons temporary. The enrolled and 
licensed tonnage amounI*-d to 0,075 tons, all pernuuient, and 
employed in the coasting trade, of which 2,949 tons were 
propelled by steam. lis foreign commerce during the year 
preceding, consisted of 175 clearances — 31,09S tons, and 113 
entrances, 20,070 tons. Vessels built during the year, 4 
(1 brig, 1 schooner, 2 steamers) — 4^.^ tons. The principal 
exports of Wiliuiiigton during 1S52, were ns follows: 

Cnastwi.'ie. Forei-ii. Total. 

Lumber feet .. 17.]35,SS9.. 15.201.000 ..32.330.S^9 

Timber " .. 1,025,202.. 2,3S3.ftl4.. 3,409,0lG 

TuriK'ntine..bbls. .. G3,07I .. 33,.^9C .. 9G.GG3 

Rosin " .. 320,219.. 1S,9>1 . . 339.2ii0 

Tar " .. 17,522.. 2137.. 19,059 

Pitch " . . 6,000 . . 1,14G . . 7,M)6 

Peanuts bu*h. . . — . . — . . 9:^,255 

Cotton bales. . — . . — . . 4,136 



A'alue... 



..f>.;i9I,5l3I.S3 .$04-^,107.74 $4,540,009 



In 1S52, the number of steamboats of this port was 15 
(10 high pressure, 5 low pressure), with aggregate t<mnage 
of 3,014 tuns. An IT. I?, naval ollicer is statione<l at this 
port. Pop. in ISyo, 2.700; iu ls4fi, 4.744; in 1S50, 7.2G4. 

Wilmington, t. and p. v., Essex co., N. Y.: 124 m. N. 
Albany. Drained by Wilmington r., on wliich the village 
is situate. Excellent iron ore is abundant and extensively 
wrought. Pop. oft. 1,170. 

Wilmington, p. v., and cap. Clinton co., O^tio: 54 m, 
S. W. Columlnis. It contains the county buildings and 5 
churehes. Laid out in HIO. The Cincinnati, Wilmington, 
and Zanesville R. R. is iu construction through this pl.ace. 
The "Clinton Republican" (wing), and "Weekly Em- 
pyrean" (fr. soil) are here published. Pop. 1,233. 

Wilmington, t. and p. v., Windham co., Venn. : 102 ra. 
S. by W. Montpelier. Drained l)y Deerfleld river and 
branches. The v. near the centre is i^leasant and neatly 
built. The "Green Mountain Eagle" is hero published. 
Pop. of 1. 1.372. 

Wilmington, p. v., Fluvanna co., Tirg.: on E. side of 
Rivanna r., 44 m. W. N. W. Richmond. 

WiLMi«r.R, p. o., Cambria co., Penn.: 101 m. W. by H". 
Harrisburg. 

WiLMoT, t. and p. o.. Mcrrimac co., JV. ITawp.: 25 m. 
N. W. C<mcord. Drained by small stre.ains which afford 
water-power. Po)). 1.272. 

Wii.Mor, I), o., IJoone eo., III. : near Wisconsin State lino, 
100 m. N. by E. S[iringfleld. 

Wii-MOT, p. o., Kenosha co., Wise: SI m. E. 3. E. 
MadisoiL 

Wilm"T. p. o.. Noble county, Ind.: 114 iniles N. N. E. 
Indiamipolis. 

WiLMoT Flat, p. o., Merrimac county, N. Hamp.: 22 m. 
N. W. by W. Concord. 

WiLMfUT, t. and [i. o.. TIerkimer 00,, N. Y.: S6 m. N. W. 
Alliany. Pop. in 1S40, GO ; in 1S50, 112. 

WiLNA, p. v.. Houston CO,, Gil. : on branch of Ocmalgec 
r., 5n m. S. W. by S. Milleogevilte. 

WiLNA, t and p. 0., Jefferson co., jV. Y.: 134 m. N. W. 

935 



"VVIL 



WIN 



Albany. I>r:iiiK^'l l>y Black and ludUii rivir and Iht'ir 
branches. P'<p. 'J.O;*;!. 

WiusoN couiily. Ik-u'i. Situato N. ccnlndly, and contains 
468 sq. ni. l^rjiinyd by aflliK-iita of llmnln-rlaiid r.. whicli 
forma its N. boundary. Surface hilly, aiid in jtarLs mucli 
broken: soil fi^rtil.-. ;ind producc-s lar>ru cro|»3 of lobacc-D 
and ctitlon. whicli are llic stapk-s. l,ari;e crops of whi'at 
and grain are ;il>o raisi-d. ami pork and bi-cf an* exporiud. 
Timber is almiidiint. Farms 1.9-^5: niaiiuf. 3G; dnx-ll. 8.411, 
and poj).— «ti. Ht.915, fr. coL 4U2, si. 7,I'J7— total 2I,4i4. 
CupiUd : LcbiiHon. 

Wilson, i. and p. o., Piscataquis co., J/<-. ; 94 m. X. by E. 
Augusta. Draini.'d by Wilson's cret-k. 

WiiJioN, p. o., Kdgeconib co., N, Cm;: 50 ni. IC. by N. 
Ealfigh. 

Wilson, p. o., Marion county, Ohio: 42 niilts N. N. W. 
Columi>u». 

Wii.snN. t. and p. o., Niagara co., JV. ]'. .• SOG m. W. by 
N. Alhaiiy. Interests exclusively agricultural. Surfact! 
generally level. Drained by small streams. Pop. in 1S4JJ, 
1,753; in 1S5'I, 2,955. 

Wilso.n's p. o., Anderson county, Tenn. : 150 m. E. 
Nashville. 

Wilson's CnEEK, p. o.. Graves co., Ky. : on cr. of same 
name, 2iS m. W. S. W. Frankfort. 

Wilson's Cbeek, p. o., Abbeville dist., S. Car. : S3 m. W. 
Columbia. 

Wilson's T)ep6t. p. o. and sla.. Dinwiddle co., Virg. : on 
South Side R. E., 2S ui. from Petersburg; 3G m. S. W. 
Kichmonil. 

Wilson's Mn.L^i, p. o., Venango county, Perm. : IGO m. 
W.N. W. Ilarrislturg. 

Wilson's Station, p. o., Clinton co., Ohio: 53 m. S. W. 
Columbus. 

Wii^oNViLi-E. p. v., Shelby co., Alt.: on W. side of 
Coosa r., 59 m. N. by W. Montgomery. 

WiLSoNviLLE, p. o., Spcucer CO., Ky.: 2S m. W. S. W. 
Fraiiklorl. 

WiLsoNviLLE, p. o., Cocke CO., Tenn.: 210 m. E. by S. 
Nashville. 

WiLsoNviLLE, p. o., Highland co., Vivfj. : ISO in.W. N.W. 
Richmond. 

Wilton, t., p. v., and sta., Fairfield co.. Conn.: 54 m. 
8. W. Iliirtford. Drained by Norwalk r. and branches, 
which atTords water-power. The v. c<^ntaina 2 churches, 
etc. The l>anbury and Norwalk K. R. passes Ihroush it, 
7 m. from S. Norwalk, 17 m. from Danbury. Pupulution 
of t. 2.066. 

WiLT()N. t. ami p. v., Franklin co.. Me. : 27 m. N. W, by 
W. Augusta. Drainet! by branches of Sandy r., which 
flow from two hand.-ome pnnds, and aflTord water-power to 
various mills. Pop- of t. 1,909. 

Wilton, t., p. v.. anil sla., Hillsl>oro' co.. JV; /A/m/?. ; 29 m. 
S. 8. W. Concord. Drained by Souhegan r. and hrsinches 
which afford water-power. The t. ctmiains several .stone 
quarries. The v. is neatly built, and is llie terminus of 
Wilton R. R. from Nashville, 15 m. The Peterboro* and 
Shirley R. U. touches the 8. border of the t., where is a sia., 
20 m. from Groton Junction. Pop. of 1. 1,161. 

Wilton, p. o., Pike county, Ark, : 96 m. S. W. by W. 
Little Rock. 

WiLTON,_t. and p. o., Saratoga county, A^. Y.: 82 m. N. 
Albany. Drained by a tributary of Hudson r. Surface di- 
versified. Interests chiefly agricultural. The Saratoga and 
Washington R. R. crosaes the t. Pop. 1.45S. 

Win< iii-ADoN, t. p. v., and sla., Worcester co., Miifis.: 
54 m. W. N. W. Boslitn. Drained by Miller's r., which af- 
fords excellent water-power. One cotton factory contains 
5,700 spindles. The t. contains several stcme quarries. The 
T. near the centre is neatly built. The Cheshire R. K. 
passes a little N. of it, IS m. from Fiuhburg, 46 m. from 
Bellows Falls. Pop. of t. in ls4n. 1,T54; in 1^50. 2,415. 

WiNtufSTER, L and p. v., LitchfiLid co., Comu : 2S m. 
93G 



W. N. W. Hartford. Drained by Mad r.. which afP-nls 
great wiUt-r-p<iwer. The principal v. in this t. is Wc-^t W in- 
sled, which see. Pop. of I. in IS40. 1.6li7; in ls'<0. 2.179. 

WiNciiESTKit, I. and sla., Middlesex co., Maxx. ; op JJobion 
and Lowell R. R., S in. N. N. W.'Bosion. Pop. 1.353. 

WiNcuESTKU, p. v., and cap. Scott co.. III.: on N. W. 
bank of Sandy cr., 44 m. W. by S. SpriFi^fieM. It contains 
the county buildings, several mills, and m an ufae luring es- 
tiibli.vhmenls. It has a flue location, and is a thriving place. 
Pop. about 800. 

WiNciiESTKB, p. v., and cap. Randolph co., Intf.: on S. 
side of W. fork of White r. 64 m. E. N. E. Indianapolis. 
First settled in 1SI9. It cont;ur)S tlie county buildings, etc. 
Tile Iiidianapotis ami Bellefuntaine R. R., in coiisiriieiir)n, 
passes through this place. The "W. Pairiof (whig) is 
here published. Pi>p. al)out SOO. 

M'lNCMESTER, p. v., Vau Burcn co., /a. : Co m. S. S. W. 
Iowa Cily. 

WiNcuKSTER, p. v., aiul cap. Clark county, Ky.: 40 m. 
E. by S. Frankfort. It contains the county buihlings. 2 
ehurclu'S, etc. A nortli and south railroad, passing through 
this place, is projected. Pop. about 1,100. 

WiNCiiESTEB, p. v., and cap. Wajnu co., ^fi•^K.: on E. 
bank of Chickasawha r.. 104 m. E. S. E. Jacki-on. It con- 
tiiins the court-house and jail. Pop. aboul 100. 

WiN( II151ER. p. v., Clark co., Mo. : on a branch of Fox r., 
120 m. N. I'y E. Jeffirsou Cily. 

WiscntsiTR. L, p. v., and sta.. Cheshire co., y. Hump. : 
53 m. S. W. by W. Concord. Drained by As-huelol r.. which 
affords extensive water-power. The v. near the centre is 
very handsome, and contains 3 ctuirches, 1 bank, capital 
$lni>.fiOi». and several manufactories. Three principal wool- 
en factories run about 1,500 spindles. The Ashuelot R. R. 
passes through it. 13 m. from Kecne. The " Ni-rihern Ad- 
vocate" (free soil) is published weekly. Pop. of t. in 1S40, 
2,(i05; in 1*50, S.296. 

WiNciiESTEii, p, v., Guernsey co., Ohio: S2 m. E. by K. 
Colli mbua. 

WiNCiiESTEU, p. o., "CTnion co., IT. Car.: 110 m. S. W. by 
W. Raleigh. 

WiNouE^TER, p. v., and cap. Franklin co , T/vni.: on 
small branch of Elk r., 73 in. S. S. K. Na.vhviUe. It con- 
tains the county buihlings, several stores, etc. The " \V. 
Independent" (dem.) is issued weekly. The Winehes-ter 
and Alabama R. R. is projected. Pop. about SOO. 

WiNCHE-STEi:. p. v., and cap. Frederick co.. Virf/. : 116 in. 
N. N. W. Richmond. It is regularly laid out. wiih str. c!s 
crossing at right angles, wliich are generally well paved. 
It contains the county buiUiings. lyceum. academy. M;isonic 
hall, an"! 14 churches. Its manufactures and trade are ex- 
tensive and increasing. The Winchester and PitlomacR. R. 
extends hence, 32 m., to Harper's Ferry and junction wilh 
the Ballimore and Ohio R. R.. The v. nisi contains the 
Winclicster Medical School, having 5 professors; 2 banks, 
with aggri'gale ca[ntal of $680,000. and 1 saviriirs' institu- 
tion. The " W. Republican" (whig) and the " Virginian" 
(dem.) are issued weekly. This place was founded in 1752, 
and is of consideral>le historical interest. Pop. in 1S40, 
S,454 : in ISoO, about 4,31)0. 

Winchester Centhe, p. v., Litchfield co., Conn.: 25 m. 
N. W. by W. Hartfonl. 

Wind Ckeek, p. o., Tallapoosa co., Ala. : So m. N. E. by 
E. Montgomery. 

Wi.NU Gap, p. o., Northampton eo,. P^nn. : 9ii m. E. N. E, 
llarrisliurg. The Wind Gap is an opening in the lllne 
.MonnUiin, extending nearly from the l)o|i'.m to the top. 
Its sides are very abrupt, and it is surrounded by roniantic 
scenery. The road from Easlou to Wilkestiarre .passes 
thn-ngh it. 

WiNDU.\M county, Cimn. Situate N. E., and contains 
62" sq. m. Drained by Quinnebaug and Shctucket rivers 
and their braneho. Siirface uneven, and in sonte parts 
rougn and stony; soil fertile, the larger portion adapted to 



WIN 



\VIN 



grazinjj, while on the streams is some fine racaditw lan<i. 
Thia CO. has excelk-iit walt-r privileges, ivml some extensive 
niaiiufafluri's. Cliiuf prmliR-u, wheat. ImJian crn, an-l 
poijitues. Farms 2.41,'j ; manuf 3S() ; dwell. 5,494, and pop. 
— wli. 3i»,512, rr. rol. r>(i:— total !?1.()79. CapiUil: Ilrooklyti. 
Pir'Hc W<'rks: Norwich an.t "Worccstt-r K. l\.\ New York 
aud B'ist.'n (air-iine) li. K. ; Hartford, Providence, and 
Fislikill li. i:.- riainfleia 11. R. 

WiNiniAM county, Venn. Siluale S. E., and contains 
70o ^q. m. Drained by Williams. West, and Saxton rivers 
and dicir Iribvitarics. which snpi>ly ahumlant waUr-power. 
Surface hilly, and in the w> st-rn portion niotuiiainous ; soil 
fc-nile in some parts, generally suited for pasture and the 
growth of grain. It has ofcdlent granite and limestone 
quarries. Chief products, wheal. Indian corn, etc. Tarms 
3.303; manuf. 197; dwell. 5,:374. an-l im^k— wh. 29.1125. fr. 
col, :i7—I<iial 29.116-'. /'(/y^/Va/; Fayetteville. PabUc W>»iks: 
Yi-rniont Valley K. K.. etc. 

WisniFAM. t. ami p. v., Windham co., Conn.: 2S m. 
E. by S. Hartford. Drained by Sheiuckcl r. and bnuichcs. 
which afford good water-power. Tlie t. eoiilains several 
flourishing villages, of which Wdlirnantic is the principal. 
Tlie V. near the centre contains 2 churches, an ai'ademy, 
several stores, ami 1 bank, cap. $00,000. Pop. of t in 1S40, 
3,3^2: in 1S50. 4.G86. 

"WiNiuiAM, U and p. v., Cumberland county, 3fe,: 47 m. 
8. W. Augusta, Drained by bran<-he3 of Prcpiunpscot r., 
which furnish mill privileges. Interests entirely agricultu- 
ral. Pop. of t. 2,3S0. 

Windham, U. p. v., and sta., Rockingham co., K. ffamp. : 
35 m. S. S. E. Concord. Watered by several ponds and 
bninchca of Merrimac r. The Manchester and Lawrence 
P. P^. crosses N. E. corner (tf the t., 15 ra. from Manchester, 
12 m. from Lawrence. Pop. of t. SIS. 

Windham, I. and p. o., Greene co., N. Y.: 32 m. S. W. 
Alttany. Drained by Pataviakill or Ked Kdl cr. Surface 
hilly and mountainous, with intervening valleys; soil on 
the flats rudi and productive — the hills good grazing lauds. 
Hendock is abundant, and is extensively used in the tan- 
neries. About 2 m. apart, on Pataviakill, are the Windh.im 
and liiff Hollow tanneries, employing each .about 3u hands; 
and Windham Centre in this t. is alsoa flourishing v. Pop. 
oft. 2.0451. 

Windham, t. and p. v., Portage co., Ohio : 130 m. N. E. 
Columbus. Drained by branch, of Mahoning r. luteresla, 
agricultural. Pop. S13. 

Windham, t. and p. o., Rradford county, Penn.: 115 m. 
JJ. by E. Harrisburg. Drained by Wepassening cr., on 
which are grist and saw mills. Pop. of I. ahonl l.iiilO. 

Windham, t. and p. v., Windham co., Vtrm.: 70 m. S. 
Monipeher. Drained by small streams. Interests, ehielly 
agricultural. Pop oft 763. 

Windham Centre, p. v., Greene co,. K. Y.: on Eedkilt 
cr., 33 ni S. W. Albany. It contains the largest carpei-li:ig 
manufactory in the I'nion, employing a capital of ^50.000. 
and an extensive manufactory of wooden comtis. with u 
capital of $20,(11)0. It is a pretty village, the ifqiiirekill 
Bridge turnpike passing through it, aud has between 600 
and 700 )nh:ibilant.s. 

Wind Hiil, p. o., Montgomery county, ^V. Car.: 72 m. 
W. S. W. Raleigh. 

WiNnniDGE, p. 0., Greene co., Penn. : 173 m. W. by S. 
Harrisburg. 

Wind Pivrr mountains, Ore{/. Ter., are a range of the 
Kocky nionniains, forunng in part the boundary of Oregon 
on the S. K.. and comprising some of the highest peaks of 
that great chain. 

Windsor county. Verm, Situate E. toward the S., and 
contains 91» sq. m. Drained by IMaek, Queechee, Williams', 
and While rivers; these supply immense water-power. 
Surface uneven ; soil f,Tiile, particularly along the banks of 
the Connecticut, wh-re fine crops of grain, \eiretables. and 
fruit are raised. Chief products, wheat, Indian corn, oats, 



and potatoes. In dilferenl parts of iheco., steatite, or soap- 
stone, is Ibutul. Gold is also found near Queechee r., not in 
wasliings. but in veins. The rock in whicli the gold ti^;J is 
quartz, containing also Ww. sulphurets of iron, lead, and 
zinc, panicles of gold l)eiiigin these as well as in the qiiarli;. 
This diH'overy is of recent date, and is communicate. 1 
by Proieasor Hubbard, of Dartm.'Uth College. Farms 
4.274; manuf. 192; dwell. 7.373, and pop. — wh. 3S,20S, Cr. 
eol. 112— total 35.320. C<ipit<tl : Woodblock. Pnhlic 
W'irks : Vermont Central P. U, ; Puiland and Burling- 
ton U. U.. etc. 

W[.Ni>S"it t^, p. v., and sta.. Hartf-ird co.. Conn.: on W. 
sideof Conneciicut r., 7 m. N. Hartford. Drained by Kar- 
mingion r. which pa^se3 through the t. cenlMlly. au"! affords 
good water-power. The L contains several pleasant and 
liouri'liing villages. Windsor v. extends alung the bank of 
the Conneciicni over a mde. and is beaiitilnlly .vhathd with 
trees. The New Haven, Hartr..rd, and ^pringfieM H. 11. 
passes through it, 42 m. from New Haven. 2i» m. from 
Springtlcld. Pop. of t. in lS4i>, 2.2S3 ; in K'iu, 'A;i:y\. 

WiNDSon, t. and p. o., York county, Perm. : 32 m. S. E. 
Harrisburg. An agricultural township. 

WixDsoit. p. v., Walton co., On, ; on branch of <_)cinulgee 
r.. 09 m. N. W. by N. Milledge\ille. 
WiNDSou. p. v., Morcer co.. jV. Jer, 

WiNL'SOR. p. v.. i;andu!ph co., Ind. : on W. fork of White 
r., 53 m. E. N. E. Indianapolis. 

AVinhsor, t. and p. v., Kennebec county, ^ff. : 10 ni. E. 
Augusta. Dmiiied by Sheepscot r. It contains several 
mills, but its interests are chiefly agriculiund. Pojiul.uion 
Of t 1.793. 

Windsor, t. and p. o., Eaton county. J//.7/..- S m. S. W. 
Lansing. Drained by S. branch of Grand r. p.>p. 2.'.3. 

WiNDSOit. t. and j). o., Dane co., Wise. : 13 in. N. liy W. 
Madison. Drained by small streams flowing into Fourth 
lake. A proposed railroad from Madison to Portage will 
pass through it. I'op. SOO. 

WiNosou, t. jnid p. v., lierkshire co., ^f<^.■ifi. : S3 m. W.by N. 
Boston. Drained by branches of Westlield r. The v. eon- 
tains 2 churches. Pop. of t. 899. 

Windsor, t. and p. v., Broome eonnly, y. Y. : lOfi m. 
W. S. W. Albany. Draine<l by Susquehanna r., on th',^ W. 
bank of whi(h tlie v. is siMiate, coiiiaining 2 <-hurches, 
several stores, etc. Pop. of v. about 440. of i. 2.045. 

Windsor, p. v., and cap. Bertie co.. A', i'nr.: on Casbio 
r., 93 m. E. by N. liahigh. It contains ilie county buihl.ngs, 
several stores, etc. The r. is navigable for small vessels to 
this place, but its banks are low and swampy, preventing, 
by their unliealtliincss, any great settlement. 

WiNi>soit, t. and p. v., Ashtabula co.. Ohio: 14G m. N. E. 
Columbus. Drained by Grand r. and brandies. The town 
contains several mills, tamieries, etc,, and a quarry of 
grindstones. Pop. of 1. 1,033. 

Windsor, t. p. v., and sti., Windsor co.. Vrm.: on W. 
side of Coimeetieut r.. 54 m. S by E. Monipelier. Dramed 
by Mill hr., which has a fall of 00 feet in ^ m., atrorling ex- 
ctdlenl water-power. Surface uneven, rising in S. part into 
Asculney Mountain. 3.320 feet above tide-water. The town 
contain3 3 pleasant villages. Windsor v.. tm W. batik of 
Comu'cticut r., is note*! for Hk; beauty of its site au'l sur- 
rounding scenery. It is irregularly laid out. but well built, 
and contains 3 churches, a seminary, bank, capital $50,000, 
stores, etc. The '• Chronicle" (whig) and '■Journal"' (w hig) 
are issued weekly. The Stale prison, here locate<l. contained 
on Sept. 1, Is^O. 70 eonviel.s. The Sullivan R. R. extends 
ti. this place fntm Bellows F.'dls, 25 m.. and connects wilh . 
Vermont Central R. K., hence to Kou-ie's Point, 15 m. 
These railroads with ihe mannfacturesof the v.,h;ive made 
this place one of a very active business aud lra4le. Pop. 
of t. 1.92S. 

WiNi>80R Locks, p. v. and sla., Harlford co.. Conn. : on 
W. bank of Connecticut r.. 12 m. X. Hartfor.l. The locks 
here constructed by the Connecticut Uiver Company allow 

937 



WIN 

the passage of small steamboats and freight boats of s5 tons 
burden, and furnish an immense water-power, whieh, as 
yet, is but partially improved. The New Haven, Hartford, 
and Sprnn^lhUl II. II. passes along the banks of this great 
water privilege, having a sta. in the v., 14 m. from Spring- 
field, -!> fr.-m Nuw Ilaven. 

'W'lND.souviLi.E, p. v., Hartford co., Conn, 

■WiNEsuuiiG, p. v., Hohnea co., Ohio: SOm. N. E. by E. 
0))uinbit:j. 

WiM-iELD, p. v., Putnam co., Virg.: 248 m. "W. by N. 
Ikieliinond. 

WiNriELD, t and p. v., Herkimer county, K K .* 74 ni. 
"W. by N. Albany. Drained by head branches of Unadillar. 
The V. and U contain several mills and manufactures. Pop. 
of 1. 1,481. 

WixFiELD, p. o., Carroll co., M(?. : SS m. E. Annapolis. 

■\V INFIELD, p. v., Union county, Peinu: 40 m. N. by "W. 
Ilarrisburg, 

WiNPiEi.D, p. 0., Lake county, Ind. : 165 m. N. W. by N. 
Indianapolis. 

WiNFUiLD, p. 0., Columbia co., Ga. : 6S m. N. E. by E. 
Milledgeville. 

"WiNFiELD, p. v., Tuscarawas co., Ohio: 84 m. E. N. E. 
Columbus. 

"WiNiiALL, X. and p. v., Bennington coimty. Verm.: SO m. 
8. by W. Monlpelier. Drained by Winhall r. Pop. 762. 

\ViNNAMAC, p. v., and cap. Pulaski co., Ind. : on W. side 
of Tippecanoe r., 90 m. N. by "W. Indianapolis. First set- 
tled in 1S30. It contains the county buildings, and an 
U. S. land office. The Indiana Central E. E. passes near 
it. Pop. about 240, 

"Winnebago county. III. Situate N., and contains f534 
sq. m. Eock river flows through the co., by which and ils 
branches Kishwaukie and Pekatonica rivers it is drained. 
Surface undulating and diversified; soil deep mold, and 
very prmluctive. Staples, wheiit, grain, and tobacco 
Farms 919 ; manuf. 62 ; dwelL 1,979, and pop.— wh. 11,761* 
fr. col. 12 — total 11,773. Capital: Eockford. PitUic 
^Vorks: Galena and Chicago Union E. E., and Beloit 
Branch E. E. 

Winnebago county, la. Situate N., and conttins 432 
sq. m. Drained by affluents of Mankato river. Surface 
undulating, and is mostly prairie and timber land. Set off 
6ince 1S50. 

WiNNEnAGo county, Wise. Situate S. E. of the centre, 
and contains 471 sq. m. Drained by Neenah or Fox, 
and Panwaggun rivers and their affluenta. Surface level 
and diversified, with large lakes ; soil deep mold, very pro- 
ductive. Farms 33S ; manuf. 32 ; dwell. 1,SS9, and pop.— 
wh. 10,107, fr. col. IS— total 10,125. Capital: Oshkosh. 

■WiNNEUAGo, p. c. Bureau county, III.: 116 m, N. 
Springfield. 

"Winnebago lake, Wise. : lies in E. part of the State, 
SO in. W. Lake Michigan, between Winnebago and Calu- 
met counties, and in N. part of Fond du Lac county. It is 
S'2 miles l<*ng, with average width of 8 m. It has sufficient 
depth for navigation by steamboals, several of which ply 
from Fond du Lac to various points on the lake and Neenah 
river. The water is hard and clear, though rendered tur- 
bid by winds. Its E. shore for 15 m. is composed of a high 
rocky wall, which is also found on i)urtions of the W. shore. 
The N. shore is low, having for 8 m. a narrow sandy beach. 
It receives several streams, of which Neenah r. is the prin- 
cipal, and is its outlet into Green bay. 

Winnegance, p. o., Lincoln co., Me. 

Winneshiek county, la. Situate N. E., and contains 
7."2 sq. m. Drained by Upper Iowa and Turkey r. and 
their branches. Surface undulating, and a largo portion 
prairie and timber land ; soil fertile, and favorable to the 
growth of wheat, grain, and potatoes. It has good pastur- 
age for cattle, and is well wooded. Farms — ; maimf. — ; 
dwell. 100. and pop.— wh. 546. Capital: Winneshiek. 
WiNKirisEOGEE lakc and river. X. Uarnp. : the lake 
93S 



WIN 

lying between Belknap and Carroll counties is of very irreg- 
ular form, having an extreme length of about 23 miles, and 
its main portion an average width of 6 m. Its branches are 
also large sheets of water, and combine with the main lako 
to form one of the most beautiful lakes in the Union. Its 
shores are winding, and generally rocky, affording most de- 
lightful scenery. Several pleasant villages upon ils banks 
occupy picturesque sites. The water is remarkably clear 
and cold, derived extensively from springs at its bottom. 
It contains about 300 islands, some of which are large and 
very fertile, containing farms of from 200 to 500 acres, and 
abounds with excellent fish. This lako and vicinity have 
always been verj' popular resorts in summer, and by the 
recent construction of railroads to its shores, tlie annual 
number of visitors has since been very greatly increased. 
Its elevation above the sea is 472 feet, and thus affords to its 
outlets, Winnipiseogee and Merrimac rivers, abundance of 
water-power, used by the great factories at Manchester, 
Lowell, etc. 

WiNNiBiGOsmsn lakes, Minn. Ter. : ISO m. N. by W. St- 
Paul. The larger is 14 m. long and 9 m. wide. 

WiNKicoNN'ET, t aud p. o., Wiunebago co., TFZjSc ; 84 m. 
N. N. E. Madison. Pop. 1,94S. 

WisNiPANK, p. V. and sta., Fairfield co., Conn. : on Dan- 
bury and Xorwalk E. E., 3 m. from S. Norwalk, 59 m. S.W. 
Hartford. 

WiNNSBono*, p. T., Franklin par.. La. : 115 m. N. by W. 
Baton Eouge. 

WiNNSBono', p. v., sta., and cap. Fairfield dist., S. On: : 
on the Charlotte and S. Carolina E. E., 24 m. N. by W. 
Columbia. It has an elevated and healthy site, and is 
generally well built. The county buildings are handsome 
structures. It also contains 5 churches, 4 academics, and 
the Furman Tlieological Seminary (Baptist), founded in 
1>26, which in 1S50 had 2 professors, 30 students, 30 alumni, 
and 1,000 volumes in library, and occupies 4 handsome 
buildings of granite on a pleasant location. The "Fairfield 
Herald" (dem.) is issued weekly, and the " Christian Maga- 
zine (relig.) monthly. Pop. about 1,050. 

Winona, p. o., Trimble co., iy. ; 83 m. N. W. Frankfort. 

WiNOOSKi Falls, p. v. and sta., Chittenden co., Ven/u: 
on N. bank of Onion river, S3 m. N. W. by W. Montpclier. 
Here is excellent water-power, improved by flrst-class lac- 
toriea, etc. A branch E. E. from Burlington to Essex 
Junction passes through it, 3 m. from Burlington. 

WiNoosKi river, Venn. : {see Onion river.) 

WiNSLow, p. v.. Pike co., Iiid.: on Patoka cr., 107 m. 
S. W. by S. Indianapolis. 

WiNSLow, t and p. v., Stephenson co., HI. : on branch 
of PekaUmica r., 1S2 m. N. Springfield. 

WiNSLOw, t. and p. v., Kennebec co., Me. : on E. bank 
of Kennebec r., 17 m. N. N. E. Augusta. Excellent water- 
power is afforded by Sebasticook r., which empties into the 
Kennebec at the v. opposite Walerville. The Kennebec 
and Penobscot E. E. will pass through this place. Pop. 
of 1. 1,796. 

WiNSLow, t. and p. v., Camden co., I^. Jer. : 33 m. S. 
Trenton. Drained by Great Egg Harbor r. and a branch 
of Little Egg Harbor r. The L contains several Bcttlements. 
Pop. of 1. 1,540. 

WiNSTED, Litchfield co., Conn. : (see Wf.6t WiNSTEn.) 

Winston county, Miss. Situate N. F.;?entrally, and con- 
tains 71S sq. m. Drained by head branches of Pearl r. and 
aflluents of Noxubee r. Surface level, and somewhat ele- 
vated, presenting the appearance of table-land ; soil a deep 
rich mold, and very fertile; it produces in abundance 
cotton and Indian corn, and is favorable to the cultivation 
of (Vuit, peaches, melons, and grapes. It is traversed by 
numerous str'^ams of pure running water. Farms 556; 
manuf. 18: dwell. S56, and pop.— wh. 5,173, fr. col. 10, si. 
2,763— total 7,956. CapiUil: Louisville. 

Winston, p. v., and cap. Forsyth co., 2^. Car.: 101 m. 
W. N. W. Ealeigh. It contains the county buildings. 



WIN 



■WIS 



, Alk-ghany co., Md. : 142 m. AV. by N. 
, UauJoIpb CO., Ala. : ?5 m. N. E. by N. 
, 'Weakley county, Teun. : 107 miles "W. 
■ SG m. E. 



)m. TT. 



WlNSTilN, p, 

Annapolis. 

"WlNSTOX, p. 
MonlgDriiLTV. 

"Winston", p, 
Nasliville. 

WiNTKK IIai;doe, p. o., Hancock county, J/e. 
Auiriisln, 

■WiNTKRPorK, p. 0., Chesterfield co., Mrg. 

WiNTKi: Seat, p. o., Abbeville disL, *?. Car. 
Columbia. 

WiNTKr.sET, p. v., and cap. Madison co., In. : 122 m. 
W. by S. Iowa City. It contains the county buiblinirs. 

WixTBr;sviLLE, p. v., JelTeraou co., O.'t io : 1*20 m. E. by N. 
Cobinibus. 

AYiNTEP-sviLLE, p. o., Decatur county, Ltd.: 45 m. S, E. 
Indianapolis. 

WiNTiiitop, p. o., Middlesex co., Co}}7i. 

■WiNTiiROP, p. 0., Kane county, JIL : 150 m. N. N. E. 
Springfield. 

Wtnthrop, t. and p. v., Kennebec county, Mt\: 10 m. 
W. by S. Augusta. Drained by Cobbeseconte r., flowing 
through ihe large ponds in E. part of t. The v. is situated 
at the S. end of the North Lake, the outlet of which affords 
water-power. The Andr<iaeoggin and Kennebec Jt. R. 
pusses through it, 53 ru. from Torlland, 29 m. from Water- 
ville. Pop. of t. 2,154. 

WiNTON. p. v., and cap. Hertford co., A\ On: : on B. "W. 
bank of Chowan n, ln2 m. N. E. by E. Kuleigh. It contains 
the county buildings and several stttres. Pop. about 140. 

"WiNTos, p. 0., Butler couuly, Ohio: 92 m. W. S. W. 
Columbus. 

AVisv.\w bay, Georgetown dist., S. Oir. : sets up N. W. 
from the Atlantic, is 14 m. long, 2 m. wide, and navigable 
for large vessels. It receives Black, Great Pedee, and 
^V:lClunaw rivers. 

WioTA, t. and p. v., Lafayette co., Wiso. : 40 m. S. "W. by S. 
Madisou. Wasscomraou r. flows through ltd E. part Pop. 
oft. 711. 



"WioTA, p. 0., Laclede co.. Mo. : GO m. S. &. W. Jefferaoii 
City. 

WiRF-Tows, p. v., Ocean co., Al t/er, : on Barnegat l-ay. 
42 ni. S. E. Trenton. 

Wirt county, Vi'/y. Created from Wood and .lai-k.^DU 
in 1>4^. i^iluate N. W. and contains 20G sq. ni. lJr;uri- 
ed by Little Kanawha r. and its tributaries. Surlace niuih 
broken ; si.il in general fertile. Chief products, wheat and 
Indian corn. EarmsUdll; niatiuf. 7; dwell. 52S, and pop. — 
wh. 3.310. fr. cnl. 2. si. 32— total 3.353. Capital: Win C. II. 
Piihlic Wofl-s: North-we.-teni 11. K. 

"WiuT, t. iuvi p. o., Allegluiny co., A''. Y. : 230 m. W. by ;?. 
Albany. Drained by small creeks. Interests cliiefiy agri- 
cultural. Pop. 1,544. 

"WiiiT C. n.. p. v., and cap. "Wirt co., Vinj. ; on S. W. 
bank of Little Kanawha r., 232 m. W. N. W. Pachmond. 
It contains the county buildings, etc. 

^V^;T College, p. v., Sumner co., Temi.: 30 m. N. E. 
Nashville. 

"WiscAssETT, I., p. v., port of cntrj', and cap. Lincoln co,, 
Me. : on "W. bank of Sheepscot r., 22 m. S. S. E. Augusta. 
The V. has an elevated and very beautiful site, and contains 
the county buildings, several chnrehcs, 1 bank, capital 
$50,000, and many handsome dwellings. It is one of the 
most important seaports in the Slate, being largely engaged 
in the coasting trade, fisheries, ship-building, etc. Its for- 
eign commerce is not so extensive as formerly. Tlie total 
toiuiage of this district on June 30th, 1S50, was 1^,241 tons. 
The registered ttmnage amounted to G,it24 tons, of which 
4,743 tons were ])ermanent, and 1,27G tons temporary. Tlie 
enrolled and licensed tonnage amounted to 12,217 tons, 
consisting of 5,540 ions in the coasting trade, G,002 tons in 
the cod fishery, 2G tons " licensed under 20 tons" in coast- 
ing trade, and 359 tons "licensed under^20 tons'' in the 
cod fishery. At that date it had no steam tonnage. Its 
foreign commerce during the year preceding, consisted <»f 
23 clearances — 4,509 tons, and 4 entrances — 1,025 tons. 
Vessels built during the year IS (4 ships, 4 brigs, 10 schouu- 
crs)— 2,535 tons. Pop. of t. 'J,313. 



THE STATE OF WISCONSIN. 



"Wisconsin embraces all of Ibat portion of the northwest territory lying north of Ihe parallel of 42^ 50' north latitude, 
and west of Lake Jliehigan, excepting the L'ppcr Peninsula of Michigan, and that part of Minnesota lying east of Uio 
Missis'^ipjii Piver. It Is l>ounded north by Minnesota and Michigan ; northeast and east by Lake Michigan ; s<iulh by 
Illinois, and west I)y lo^a and Minnesota; or, according to the constitution, as follows, to wit: ''Beginning at tlie north- 
east corner of the State of Illinois, that is to say, at a point in the centre of Lake Miirhigan, where the line of 43^ 30' of 
nortii latitude erosses the same ; thence running with the t)oundary line of the State of Michigan, through Lake Michigan 
ami Green Bay, to the mouth of the Menomonee Kiver; thence up th-;' channel of the said rivurto the BnlleKiver; thence 
up saifl last-menti<med ri\'er to Lake Bnile ; thence along Ihe southern shore of Lake Bnlle, in a direct line to Ihe cimtrc 
of tlie channel between Middle an<l South islands, in the Lake of the Desi-rt: thence in a direct line to the head waters 
of th<; Montreal River, as marked upon the survey made by Captain Cram ; thence down the main channel of the Montreal 
Piver to the middle of Lake Superior; Ihenct- through the centre of Lake Superior to the mouth of the St. Louis Kiver; 
thence up Ihe main channel rif said river to the first rapids in the same, abme the Indian village, according to Nicollet's 
map ; Ihence due south to Ihe main branch of the river St. Croix ; thence down the main channel of said river to (he 
Mississippi ; Ihence down the centre of the main channel of that river to the northwest corner of the State of Illinuis; 
thence due east with the northern I>onndary of the State of Illinois, to tlie place of beginning." Its greatest extent north 
and s<»uth is 2^5 miles, and east and west 255 miles. lis lancl area is 53,924 square miles. 

The natural feature peculiar to Wisconsin, s.ays J. W. Hunt, Esq.. in his Gazetteer of Ihe State, published 1S53, is the 
uniformity of its elevation, and shape of its surface, which is neither mountainous, hilly, nor flat, but gently undiilalmg. 
The country west of Sugar Piver and south of the Wisconsin is somewhat broken, principally by the dividing ridge upon 
■which the ro.ad from Madi-son to Prairie du Chion passes. In this section, known as the Mines, are several peculiar 
elevations called Mounds. West of the Wisconsin Piver is n range of high hills, being the only elevations in the Slato 
cither deserving or assuming the <lignity of mountains. The south-eastern portion of the State is marked by ravines at 
the slrearns, but little depressed below the surrounding level. Its prominent features arc the prairie, destitute of tree or 
shrub, covered only by a luxuriant growth of grass, interspersed with flowiTs of every hue ; the oak opening, the lake, 
Ihe woodlan.i on the border of streams, and the natural meadow. Proceeding north, to the Fox and Wisconsin rivers, 
and Cn-en Bay, the timber increases, and the soil gradually changes from the vegetable mold of ilu- prairie to a sandy 
loam. Tlie surface also becomes somewhat depressed and uneven, diversified with timber, rolling prairie, large marshes 
and extensive swamps, having an abundant growth of cranberries and wild rice. Still, north and west the surface In- 
comes more uneven, and the streams rapid, affording an abundance of water-power fur the manufacture of lumber ft-om 
the immense forests of evergreen, scarcelv surpas.-Jed on tlie Western C jntiiu-nt. 
939 



TVISCONSIN. 



The soil nf the prairie consists of a dark brown vcgpiable moM, from one to two feet in depth, ven.' mellow, and 
entiri-!)' di-stiiute nf siniu* or gravel, and, for ferlilily and ufrrieuliural propi-rttes, can not be siirpa-vscd. The subsoil Is a 
clayish Iiam. siniiNir to ihi- soil of the tirnlM-rcd laiiils. and is also suitable fir cultivation. The soil *>{ (he linibered land 
is less rich than tin- prairie, not so deep, and enntains Irss carbonate of litni-, which enters into tlie coinposititm of the 
latter in the propnrtion of from 2U to 4b per cent The minini; ro{;ion, unlike Hint of any other mineral disirict. protnises 
a liberal reward, as well to the farmer as to the miner. The soil of the evergreen disiriei is mostly sandy, and not so rich 
as in oihtT portions of tlic State. It is ncverlhehtss well adapted to agriculture and ^Ta/Aag. The j>ritirif.-i of Wisconsin 
are not so e.vrensive as those of other States, and are so skirted and belted by timber, thai Ihey are well a<iapled t*) imme- 
diate ;ind profitable occnpaliun. The openhiff/i, which comprise a large portion of the finest land of the State, owe lln-ir 
present condition to the actir)n of the annual fires which have kept under all other forest growth, except those varieties 
of oak which can withstand the sweep of that element This animal burning of an exuberant growib of grasses and of 
un<i' r-brush. has been adding, perhaps for ages, lo the productive power of the soil, and preparing it for the plow- 
share. It is the great (act. nature has thus '* cleared up" Wiscon.'^in to the hanti of the settler, and ennch'd it by yearly 
burnings, and h-as at the same time left sufficient timber on the ground for fence and Are wood, that explains, in a great 
measure, the capacity it has exhibited, and is now exhibiting, for rapid settlement and early maturity. There is nn-'thor 
fact impnrtiml to be ni»lie(i in this connection. The Ii>w level prairie, or natural meadow, of moderate extent, is so 
generally distributed over the face of the conidry, that tlie seld.r on a fine section of arable laud finds on his own farm, 
or in his immediate neigh itorhood. abundant pasturage fur his stock in stimmer, on the open range; and liay for Ihe 
winter for thf eulliuir — ihe bounty of Nature supplying his need in this behalf till the cultivated grasses may be introduced 
and become sufficient for his use. 

The limestone underlying the coal fields of Illinois forms the immediate basis of the aUuvicm of Southern Wisconsin. 
This geologi.-al district, in aiidilion to that p<irtion of the State which lies southerly of the valley of the Wisconsin 
Kiver. coniprises the whole of the slope toward Lake Michigan. In many purtions of this district Ihe lime ruck dis- 
appears, and the out-cropping slandstone furnishes a fine material for building. The lead-bearing rock of the miner.il 
region is a pi-rous limestone, prevailing throughout Grant, Lafayelte, and Iowa counties, comprising four-fifths of the 
" lead disirict" t»f ibe Upper Misslssipjii, the remaining one-firth being in the States of Illinois and Iowa. Deposits of 
iron ore, water limi-stone, and beds of gypsum, together with olher varieties of mitierals. are found in localities more 
or less numerous Ihroughout Ihe limestone n-gion. All of that section of the State which lies between Lake Superior on 
the n'Tth and tin- Falls of St. Anthony on the Mississippi, and the falls of the oihi-r rivi rs flowing southerly, is primitive 
in its prevailing geological elinracter; and it is within this primitive region that the copper mines of Lake Superior are 
found— probably the rithest in the world, and apparently inexliauslible. In all that portion of the Stale lying between 
the primitive ngion just described and the limestone fMrmalion of the south an<l east, the tranaiiinn saTuIs!on<- prevails, 
interspersed wiih Hitiei=tone and more sparsely with rock of a primitive character. This f.irmatioti eoinpris.s thai sedirn 
ol the couniry drained by the Wisconsin and odier rivers tributary to the Upper Mississippi and below the lalls of those 
streams. WiMiin this geoloj;lcal district are found quarries of white marble, which pnmiise to beabuntiant and valuable. 

Wisconsin, says J. A. Lapham, Ksq., does not fall behind the other portions of ihe Western country in the mouu 
nicni.-- ii aff irds of the existence of an ancient people who once inhabited North America, but of whom nothing is known 
except what can be gailured from some of the results of their labors. The works at Aztalan, in Jefferson County, are 
most known ami visited, but there are iiiany olher locablies which are said to equal them in interest ;iutl importanco. 
The substance calle<l brick at tiiis place is evidently burned clay, showing marks of bavins been mixed with str.iw, but 
they were not m-ildeil into regular forms. There is a class of ancient earth-works in Wisconsin, not before found in 
any otlur couniry, being made to represent quadrupeds, binls, reptiles, and even the human form. These reprt-senta- 
lions are rather rude, and it is often difllcult to decide for what species of animal they are intended ; but the elTecls of 
time may have mo<Iitied tbeir appearnme v-^ry much since they were originally farmed. Some have a resemblance to 
the bufyali>, the eagle or crane, or to the turtle or lizard. One n-preacnting the human form, near the lilue Mounds, is, 
according to II. C. Taylor, K>q., 1211 feet in lenglh; it lies in an east and west direction, Ihe head toward the west, wilh 
Ihe arms and legs extended. The body or trunk is 30 feet in breadth, the heail 25. and its elevation above the general 
eurfacf of the prairie is about 6 feet. Its conformation is so distinct that there can be no possibility n( mistake in assign- 
ing it lo the human figure* A mound at Trairieville. repre.senting a turtle, is about 5 feet high, the body is56 feet in lenglh , 
it represents the animal with iis legs extended and its feet turned b.ickward. It is lo be regretted that this interesting 
mound is now m-arly destroyed. The ancient w.-rks are f amd in all parts of the territory, but are most abumlanl at 
Azialan. on R-ick Kiver, near the Blue Mounds, ahmg the Wisconsin, the Neeiudi. and the Pishlaka rivers, and near 
Lake Winnebago. The mounds are generally scattered about without any apparent order or arrangement, but arc 
occasionally arranged in irregul.ir rows, the animals appearing as if drawn up in a line of march. An insl.mce of this 
kind is seen near tlu' road, seven uiiU-s east frum the Blue Mounds, in Iowa County. At one place near ihe Four Lakes 
it is said that one hundred tumuli, of various shapes and dimensions, may be countod— those representing animals being 
among others that are round or oblong. Fragments of ancient pottery of a very rude kind are «»fien fumd in various 
localities. They were formed by h.md, or molded, as their appearance shows evidenlly that these vessels were m»t 
tunu'il on a " pott, r's wheel." Parts of the rim of vessels, usually ornamented with small notches or figures, are most 
abundant. A mound is said to have been discovered near CassviHe, on the Mississippi, which is supposed lo npresent 
an animal having a trunk like the elephant, or the now extinct mastodon. ShouM this prove true, it will show that the 
people who uKi'le these animal earth-works, were coiemporaries wilh that huge monster whose bones are slid oL-casion- 
ally found ; or that they had then but nu-ently emigrated iriim Asia, and had not lost iheir knowledge of the elephant 

The salubrity of the climate (Mr. Lapham is again quoted), the purity of the atmosphere and of the waier, which is 
usually obtained from copious living springs, the coolness and short duration of summer, and the dryness of the air dur- 
ing winter, all conspire l(» render \Visci)nsin one nf the mo«t healthy portions of the I'nited Stares. The wei meadows, 
marshes, imd swamps are constnnlly supplied with pure water from springs; and as they are nt>l exposed during summer 
to a burning heal, they do not send forth those ntixious an<i deleterious qualiiics so nuich dreaded in nuin- aouthern and 
less favored latitudes. Many of our most flourishing towns and settlements are in tlie immediate vicndly of large swamps, 

■■ Tlie reailer is reftrred to tlie " Notice of Indian Mounds, etc, in Winconsin,'' in'Sillimnn's Jiiurnal, vol. xxxir., p 8^, t-y R C. Tnylor. nnd 
to the " DFncriiitinn of Anrieiit K.*mRins in Wisconsin," by S. Taylor, vol. xliv., p. SI, of tlie stime work, fur more detuiled descriptions and 
drawings ol' tlie-te interesting iiniiuiil mounds. 
940 



WISCONSIN. 



nii'i p;trti:iily (ivfrtlown im-ailows. yut no injurious efTt'i-ts upon the general lioallli are produced by Ihem. It lias usually 
been foini.i, in malcin^ new seuleiiients in Uie Western wilderness, that as t'le- forests aro cleared away, and the surface 
therel)y e.\p^'SefI to the direct influence of the sun and winds, a deleti-rions effect is produced on the general hea]:h— the 
decaying veget;ible matter being tlnis suddenly made to send forth its malarious qualities. But in "Wiaconsin no such 
result is iipprehended, or can be pnxlueed, for a large proportion of the country consists of oak-ope>iiug and prairie, and 
may llierefnre be considered as already cleared. The removal of the few remaining •• burr oal<s" can not have the same 
cfleet upon ihe soil as the cutting down of tlie dense forests of llie olher States. And besides this, the Arcs that have an- 
nually raged over the surface, often kindled jiurposely by the Indians, on Ihi-ir hunting excursions, liave preventi-d that 
rapid accumulation of vegetable nuitler which is always fiuii'l in di'cp shaily woods, wh.Te lln^ flres do not so often pene- 
trate. It Is t.elie\eil that the faels here stated will he sufficient to satisfy the reader of Ihe trnib of the opijdcm expressed 
by our most inlelbg<-nt physicians, that Wisconsin is, and will continue to be. luie of the most healthy jtlaees in tlie world. 

The amount of lead shipped from Oalena during the last year was 4",U0ll,ll(lil pounds, uine-lenllis of which was raised 
in Wisconsin. Considerable mure than the remaining one-tenth of the amount altove .stated has been shipped frnm ports 
in tills rotate, from whieh it will be seen that this estimate is small. To the practical miner, as capitalist or operative, the 
lead region of the Upper Mississippi offers the most substantial intlucemenls to sctllenieut. Tile exceeding abundance 
and richness of the mineral, the comparative ease with which it may lie mined, and the high price it coinniands the uio- 
mi-nt it is brought to the surface, open to the industrious and prudent operator a higluvay to wealth. New lends of the 
richest promise have been recently discovered in the mineral district, and an increasing emigration to that section of tho 
Stale promises to replace the Calilliruia draft, anii to meet the growing demand Ihr the mineral. 

The Clipper mines of Lake Superior arc of establislied celebrity tliroughout the world, and open an inviting Held for 
enterprise. The mining interest in that region is fast losing its character of advenlure, and is attracting the attention of 
the prudent I'apitalist and the practical miner, as a reomnerative branch of business. 

The iron mines of Wisconsin have not yet been opened to any extent, but are worthy the altenlion of the immigrant. 
There are rich localities of ore near tlie head-walers of the Rock, ami on llie fTiiper Mississippi and its branches. 

The following slatemenl exhibits the shipment of lead from rialina from the year ISJl to ISo'i inclusive, and the Talue 
of the same at four dollars per hundred weight: 



Ve.irs. 


No. ef P.Min<i9. 


V..liie 


VH:irj 


1S41... 


....29.749.9119.,. 


,..$l,l'<9.fl96 


1S45 


)S42... 


,...29,424..329... 


... 1.176.9-:! 


ls)6 


ISW... 


.....%.sT3,79T.,, 


,.. 1.475,151 


1547 


1S44... 


....41.136,293... 


.. 1,641,451 


184S 



Nf 



i.fP.ii 



.$2,ll4.i.702 
. 1.9-20.817 
. 2.(139.972 
. 1.991,349 



.,( I'd 



•i,l«. 



1S49... 


...4,i.9S5.i-.39... 


...»1.839.4:i3 


ISoO... 


...41.4s.i.9il0,.. 


... 1.0.59 4:50 


ISSt . . . 


84,51 lu,:iS4... 


... l,SSii,015 


1S.'.2... 


...40,0110,1100... 


... 1,600,000 



...51.144.'-22.. 
...4S.007.9.3S. 
... 50.999 ;io3. 
...49,7S3,7.37. 

There are also large quantities of lead shijiped at dilTerent points along the Wisconsin and Mississippi rivirs. the precise 
amount of which no data has been furnished upon which an intelligent estimate can be made. In reviewing ihe forego- 
ing sljilemeni, it should be recollected that Wisconsin is rapidly increasing, not only in population and wealth, but in tho 
amount and qualily of its resources, manufactures, and products. 

The rieline.ss of the soil of Wisconsin, and its aliility to |)roduco in abun.bince all kinds of grain, as well as Ihe facility 
by which Ihe lands are brought under subjection, create a permanent demand for all kinds of agricultural inipU ments 
and mechanical labor. Architectural elegance in puhlic and priv:ite buildings, and elaborate perf.:ction in couiplieated 
machinery Is not to be expected in new selllements ; but m:uiy of them in Wisc.uisin comp:ire favorably wiih those of the 
older Slates. The rapid growth of lowns, and the great inllux of farmers with their fimilies, create a necessily for tem- 
porary buildings, soon to be snperse<led by couifort:dde dwellings and out-honses, and give constant employ forihe mason, 
the eiirpenter, and all other mechanics. The immense flouriiig-mills t.f the Stale already in opemlioti, as well :is those in 
progress of erection, provide labor for the millwright and machinist, and furnish not only their respective vicinities with 
all kinds of mill stulT, but more tluin 100,0011 barrels of flour annn:illy for exportation. 

To llie luniberman. Ihe pineries of Wisconsin present inducenu-nts for investment and settlement, which can be hardly 
overrated. That of the Upper Wisconsin and lis triliutaries is the most extensive; anil distinguished siill more li.r tho 
line quality than Ihe inexhaustible quantities of its timber. The other localities of the white pine and other evergreens 
are mainly on the Wolf, the great northern aniuent of the Fox, the tributtiiies of (Jreen Bay, and on the La t'rosse.the 
Black, Chippewa, and the St. Croix, bram hes of the ITpper JJissisMpid. The nipids of these streams furnish abundant 
water-power lor ihe niannfaclnre of lumber, and on tlie annual sjiring rise, ami occisional frcshel-s at oilier seasons of llie 
year, the yield of the mills is ll.uited from the Wolf into Lake Winneliago an. I the Lower Kox, and from most of ihe other 
streams iiilo the Mis.sissippi, Scarcely ten years h.ave elapsed since the .\1leghany pine ol Weslern New York : 
sjlvaiiia had uiHlispnietl possession of the market, not only of the Ohio Valley, but of the Mississippi 
above New Orleans, at which (loint it compiUed wilh the lumber of Maine and New Brunswick. The course of the 
lumber trad.- may now be considered as permanently changed. The pineries of Wisconsin now control, and will hold 
exclusive possession of the market of the valU-ys of the Mississippi and its great western aHluenls. The ainoimt of pine 
lumber eslimated to be sawed in Wisconsin annually, is as follows: Black Kiver, 15.0 0,000; Chippew;i, 2S..'iO0,ouil ; 
Green Bay, 21.000,000; Manilouwoc, 24,500,000; St. Croix, 20,000,000; Wisconsin, 6S,500,000; Wolf, 2,i,500,000— total 
number ot feet, 193,000,000. 

Aside from the manulactnre of pine lumber, reaching as it docs nearly 200.000,000 feet per year, saw-mills, driven 
by both steam and hydraulic power, are now in oiierati.ui in every section of the State where timber is found, and largo 
quantities of oak scantling and plank, ami basswood siding and lath, are yinrly manufactured, 

W'isconsiu ia divided into 31 counties, the general statistics of which, and the capitals of each, iu 1S50, were as follows: 
.■u.,n.,r. 

ult- Kntiili. 



I I'enn- 
and its Iribularies 



Coniilies. 


Dwell 


P,.,.. 


ItlLUlt. 






1S7. 
6.215. 




Brown . . 


...1,003. 


. 190. 


Calumet 


... 3S3. 


1,743. 


. 125. 


Chippewa . . 


... 94. 


614. 


0. 


Columbia. . . 


...1,S51. 


9,565. 


8-3.3. 


Crawford ... 


... .571. 


2.493 


80. 


Dane 


...S-203. 


.16,641. 


.1.501. 


Dodge 


....3.600. 


19,183. 


.2,132. 



Ca|iitnls. 
O..Adiin)3 C. H. 

2T..DelVro 
4. .Slockbridgo 
8..Chipp«w:iC.IT. 

24.. Ft. WiiincbnK" 

ll..Prair. duChicu 

87. .Maihson 

2S..'hmeau 



C lOes. 


Dwell. 


Pep. 


in cult 


tZ: '^"i"'""- 


Fond dn Lac. 


..2.721. 


.14,463. 


921. 


16. 


.Fond duLae 


Grant 


..2,SG1. 


.16.170. 


704. 


7S 


.Lancaster 


Greene 


..1.4S1. 


. 8,563. 


763. 


45. 


.Monroe 


Iowa 


..1,S46. 


. 9,530. 


470. 


24. 


.Mineral Point 


-IcfTerson 


..2.934. 


.15.317. 


9S2. 


74. 


..Tefferson 


Kenosha 


..1.313. 


.10,7:i2. 


914. 


51. 


.Kenosha 


Lafayette 


..2,076. 


.11,541. 


899. 


21. 


.Shnllsburs. 


La Poinlc ... 


.. 74. 


. 4S9 


6. 


I. 


.La rointe 
941 



WISCONSIN. 



CouiitJM. Dwell. Pop. i„(.u|t. 

MmiHouwoc 715.. 8,702.. 85.. 

Marathon 7«.. 603.. 7.. 

Marquclle l.TTS.. 8,042.. 827.. 

Milwaukie 5,030. .31,077. . 935. . 

Portage 204.. 1,2,W.. 5.. 

Eacinc 2,678. .14,073. . 971 . . 

Eichland 173!. 908.. 6S.. 



22..MaiiitouwocK. 
Wausau 
.Marquette 
Milwaukie 
, Plover Portage 
Kacine 
Richland Cent 



Counlies. Dwell. 

Saint Croix ISl.. 



Pop. 

6M.. 

Sauk 844.. 4,371.. 

SbL-boygan 1 ,783 . . S,37S . . 



Farms 
ID cult. 

4.. 

245.. 7 

328.. 29 



Walworlh 3.112. 

"Washington 3,770. 

Waukraha 3,4iiS. 

Winnebago 1,889 . 



,17,S61.. 1,834.. 81 
19,444. .1.853.. 22 
,19,174.. 1,703.. 78 
,10,125.. 833.. 82 



E.Ul>. Cnpitala. 

2.. Willow Kivcr 
..Baraboo 
..Slieboygaa 
..Elkhoni 
. .Ozaukee 
. .'Waukt'sha 
..Oshkosli 



Kock 3,61S. .20,703. .1,965. .125. . Janesville 

The whole number of dwellings in tlie State was, at the above date, 56.316; of families, 57,G0S; and of inhabitants' 
8ii5,191 ; viz.. wliites 304,565— males 164.221, and females 140,344 : fr. cnl. 620— males 305, and females 201. Ol llie whole 
population there were, deaf and diunh—wh. 05, fr. col. 0— total 65; hlhid—y/h. 50. fr. col. 0— total 50; inmiit's\h. 4S. 
fr. col. 0— total 4S ; and idiotic — wh. 76, fr. col. 1 — total 77. The number of free persons born in the Unite<l SlJiles was 
197,912, the number of foreign birth 106,695, and of birth unknown 7S4. The 7(rt;/t-^ population originated as ftUows. 
Maine 3,252, N. Ilamp. 2,52il, Verm. 10,157, Mass. 6,285, R. I. 690, Conn. 4,125, N. York 6S.595, N. Jer. 1,566, Penn. 9,571, 
Del. 141, Md. 402, Dist. of Col. S3, Virg. 1,611, N. Car. 322, S. Car. 107, Ga. 495, Flor. 4, Ala. 49. Miss. 35, La. TS, Tex. 4) 
Ark. 67, Tcnn. 449, Ky. 1,429, Ohio 11,402, Mich. 1.900, Ind. 2,773, 111. 5,292, Mo. 1.012, la. 445, WL'icnnmi 63,015, Calif. 0, 
Territories 26 ; and the foreign population was composed of persons from — England 1S,952, Ireland 21,043, Scotland 8,527, 
■\Vales 4.310, Germany 34,519, France 775, Spain 4, Purlugal 4, Belgium 45, Holland 1,157, Italy 9, Austria 61, Switzerland 
1,244, Russia 71, Denmark 14G, Norway S,651, Sweden SS, Prussia 3,545, Sardinia 1, Greece 1, Asia It, Africa 1, British 
America S,277, Mexico 9, Central America 11, South America 6, West Indies 20, and other countries 191. 

The following table will show the decennial progress of the population since the first general census of the State: 



■While 

Pertong, 



Census 
IVars. Pertong, Free. 

latO 80,749 1S5.. 

1S50 804,565 626.. 



Ci'lored Persons. 



Total 
Popuiidion. 



Nuniendl. 



Slave. Total. 

.. 11 196 80,945 — — 

,. — 626 305.191 274,246 886.2 

The general statistics of the resotircos, productions, manufactures, wealth, and institutions of Wisconsin, in accordance 
with the census of 1850, and olhc-r authentic reports referring to the same period of time, are as follows: 

Ocaipied Lands, ete— Improved farm lands, 1,045,499 acres, and unimproved lands, 1,9.S1.1.59 acres— together valued 
at $28,.V2S,5C3. The total number of farms in operation on the 1st June, 1S50, was 20,177. Value of farming implements 
and machinery $1,641,508 

7,irt-*/iv!:.— Horses. 30,179 ; asses and mules, 150 ; milch cows, 64,330 ; working-oxen, 42,801 ; other cattle, 76,293 ; sheep, 
124.S92 ; and swine, 159,270. The live-stock of ISIO and of 1S50 compared, give the following results : 



Live Slock. 

TTorsps 

Asses and Mules. 

Milch Cows 

Working Oxen. .. 

Olher Cattle 

Sheep 

Swine , 



lB^o. 

5,735 head . 

30,269 " . 



34.024 
61.333 



30,179 head 
156 

64,339 

42.S01 

76.293 
124.S92 
159,276 



Increase. 

24,600 head, or 42S.9 per cent 



j 64,339 " ) 
I 76.293 " ) 



.153,164 

.121,430 
.107,893 



or 500.0 



or 3,507.5 
or 209.3 



— in 1850, the value of live-stock amounted to $4,379,885. 

Priidticts of Animals.— 'V!oo\, 263,903 pounds; bntter, 8,633,750 pounds; cheese, 400,253 pounds; and the value of 
animals slaughtered in the year had been .^920,173. The wool crop of the census year of 1340 amounted to 6,77" pounds ; 
and hence that of 1350 exhibits an increase of 247,186 pounds, or of 8,499.3 per centum. The clip per fleece, in 1840, 
was 31.3 oimces, and in 1850, 32.5 ounces— being an average increase of 1.2 ounces per fleece. 

arain O-o/is.— Wheat, 4,236,131 bushels; rye, 81,253 bushels ; Indian corn, 1,938,779 bushels; oats, 8,414,672 bushels; 
barley, 209,692 bushels ; and buckwheat, 79,873 bushels. These crops, compared with the crops of 1340, result as follows : 

Crojis. 1840, 1S50. Incre.iae. 

Wheat 212,116 bushels 4,236.131 bushels 4,074,015 bushels, or 1,920.0 percent 



Eye 1.905 

Indian com 879,359 

Oats 400,514 

Barley 11,062 

Buckwheat 10,654 



79,238 ' 


or 4.035.1 


1,009,020 ' 


or 420,9 


3.003.163 ' 


or 739,3 


193,680 ' 


or 1,793.0 


69,224 ' 


or 049.3 



31,253 

.. 1,933,979 

.. 8,414,672 

.. 209,092 

79,318 

Other Food ft-ops.- Peas and beans, 20,057 bushels ; potatoes, Irish, 1,402,077 bushels, and sweet 379 bushels. The 
pot.ato crop of 1840 amounted to 419,608 bushels ; and hence the crop of 1850 exhibits an increase of 938,348 bushels, or 
284.3 per centum. 

MUcdtmieom Oops.— Tobacco, 1,208 pounds ; hay, 275,602 tons ; clover-seed, 483, and other gr.iss-soed, 842 bushels ; 
hops, 15,930 pounds : hemp— dew-rotted, 300 tons, and— water-rotted, 2 tons ; flax, 63,393 pounds ; Hax-.seed, 1,191 bushels ; 
maple sugar, 610,970 pounds; molasses, 9,374 gallons; beeswax ami honey, 181,005 pounds; wine, 113 gallons, etc., etc. 
Value of orchard products, .$4,323, and of market-garden products, $32,142. The principal crops, compared Willi similar 
crops of 1340, exhibit the results appended : 

1£40. IS'^O. 

0,933 tons 275.002 Ions 

133 pounds 15,930 pounds. 

( 300 tons . 



Crops. 

Hay 

Hops 

Hemp — dew-rotted . 

" water-rotted. 

Fla.x 



Increase. 

244,724 tons or 802,6 per cent 
16,797 poimds, or 11,125.5 " 



2 tons 



( 63,393 pounds. 

Maple-sugar 135,258 pounds 610,976 " 

Wine Ogallons 113 gallons.. 

942 



\- 



744,392 



or 16,526.6 



475,633 " or 851.6 
113 gallons or 11,300.0 



WISCONSIN. 



Home-made manvfaciures were produced, in the year ending Ist June, 1S50, to the value of $4^3,621. The same class 
of goods made in the census year of 1S40, was valued at $12,567. 

Man ;(/ao(K res.— Aggregate capital invested, $0,000,000 ; vaUie of all raw material, fuel, etc., consumed, $000,000 : average 
number of hands employed, 00,000— males 00,000, and females 0,000 ; monthly cost of labor, $00,000— to males $00,000, 
and to females $0,000 ; value of products of the year, $0,00n,000. The whole number uf manufacturing e8tab)ishment3 in 
operation on the 1st June, 1S50, and manufacturing to the value of $500 and upward aTinually, was 1,273, thu grual 
portion of them being mills of various descriptions, and other agricultural manufattorifs, and of the slhntly national man- 
nfiielurcs the following: 9 woolen factories, 16 ironworks — one making jiig iron, and 15 making castings; and S tanneries. 
The total capital invested in manufactures, in 1S40, amounted to $635,526. 

\n ihi': ivoolen manufacture there is a capital of $31,225 invested; wool consumed, 154,200 pound^^ ; valvie of all raw 
material, etc., $o2,G30 ; ban<ls employed, 25 ; monthly wages paid, $562; products of the year— clolh 36,000 yards, and 
yarn 94.350 pounds ; value of jiroducts $S7,992. This interest has risen to its present couditinn since 1S40. 

The capital invested in the manufacture of pig iron is $15,000 ; ore used, 3,000 tons ; coke and charcoal consumed, 
150.000 busliels ; hands employed, CO ; monthly wages $1,S00 ; pig iron produced in the yean 1,000 tons ; value of entire 
product?, $27,000. 

In the manufacture of iron cuMhig.^. a cnpital of $116,350 is invested ; pig iron used, 1.371 tons: old metal, 15 tons; 
coal 595 tons; and coko and cliarcnsd, 2,700 bushels; value of all raw material, etc., used in the year, $>6 930 ; hands 
employed, 22S ; average monthly wages, $20 73; products of the year— caslinga 1,342 tons, and, incUi<iJng $64,025, the 
value of other products, these were valued at $216,195. In 1S40, there was but one furnace in the Slate, which produced 
only 3 tons cast iron, and employed 3 hands, an{l a capital of $SU0. 

In ^inncrie.'i, the capital invested amounts to $78,950 ; value of hides and skins use<l, $93.8S0; hands employed, 75; 
monthly cost of labor, $1,710; tanned during the year, 14,900 skins, and 59,600 sides of leather, valued at $175,710. In 
1S40. but one tannery was reported, employing 3 hands and $2,000, and producing annually 15(J sides t-'f solo leather, and 
150 sides of upper leather. 

The capital invested in the manufacture of malt and spiritiions liquors amounts to $9?,700 ; quantities and kinds of 
f^rain, etc., consumed— barley, 91,020 bushels ; com, 29,900 bushels ; rye, 9,200 bushels ; hops, 2S tuns ; binuls employed, 
93; quantities of liquors produced— ale, etc., 81,320 barrels; whisky, 127,000 gallons. In 1S4'), there were 3 breweries, 
producing 14,200 gallons ale, etc., and 3 distilleries, producing 8,300 gallons spirits, etc., together emj)|oying 11 bauds, and 
a capital of $14,400. 

Commcvce and Internal ImprorfimenU. — The commerce of Wisconsin, chiefly carried on at its lake ports, is very 
valuable and extensive. The statistics of its foreign trade with Canada arc embraced in thostj of the districts of Mich- 
illimackinac and Chicago, and hence can not be stated separately. The trade in that direelion, h'lwevcr, is not large. 
The coasting trade is relatively of immense importance, both on the lake and on the Mi.>isissippi. The exports and ini- 
ports at the lake ports are shown under the head of Lake Michigan. The chief ports of the Mississippi are I'rairie du 
Chien, Cassville, etc., and the exports from those are chiefly mineral. The internal couunerce of the Slate is carried on 
with great activity, radiating from tlio principal commercial towns to every portion, aud large supplies arc needed in the 
nortliern pineries, which supply so valuable a material to general commerce. The internal impriivenu-nla of Wisconsin 
are more prospective than existing, butg^^at progress has been made in building railroads, one of wliieh will extend along 
the lake shore from Chicago to Fotul du Lac, and other roads diverge from Chicago, Milwaukie, etc., toward the Mis- 
sissippi, centering at Madison. A line will also extend from the latter point to Portage City on the nrirlh, and to Eeloit 
and Janesvllle on tlie soutli, and these will he carried to a junction with the Galena and Chicago Union K. K. The only 
line yet comi)lele is that from Milwaukie to Madison, which, under the name of Milwaukie and Mississippi U. 11., will 
Btretch across the Stale. The impro\ement of Fox and Wisconsin rivers is in progress, with the intention ultimately of 
connecting the rivers by a canal, and tlms giving uninterrupted navigation from the lake to the Mis.-'issippi. 

Baniys. — The only banking institutions of the State, of which the names are known in (he markets are, Uie Milwaukie 
Bank, Eichmond's Exchange Bank, and the Wisconsin Marine aud Fire Insurance Company, all at Milwaukie. Tho 
State constitution does not recognize banks of any description. 

Government — The constitution now lu force was adopted in convention on the 1st Febniary, 1S4S: and approved by 
the people at tJie election held in April following. 

All males 21 years old, residents of the Slate for one year next before the election, who are white citizens of the United 
States, or white foreigners who have declared their intention to become such citizens, or persons of Indian blood once 
declared by the laws of the United States to be citizens, subsequent laws to the contrary notwithstanding, or "civilized 
persons of Indian descent" not members of a tribe, are entilled to vote at all elections; and tho right of suITrage may 
be extended by a law approved by a majority of votes at a general election. The exceptions refer to incompetent persons 
and those cf)nvieied of treason or crime. The general elections are held ou the Tuesday after the first Monday in 
November annually. 

The Legi-shtiure consists of an Assembly and Senate. Members of the Assembly (in number between 54 and 100) are 
chosen annually, and Senators (not more than one-lhird nor less than one-fourlh tho number of Assemblymen) arc chosi-n 
for two years, one-half each year. Both nmst be qualified voters in their districts. An apportionment is made after 
each federal census and after each decennial State census, the first of which will be taken in 1&55. The Legislature 
meets at Madison on tho first Monday of January annually. 

The Governor shall be a qualified voter and citizen of the United States, and is cliosen for two years by a plurality of 
votes, and if there be no choice the Legislature shall, by joint ballot, choose one of the persons ha\'ing the. highest equal 
number of votes. In default of the governor, his duties are discharged by the Lieutenant-governor, who is chosen with 
the sjime qualification and for the same term as the governor. He is er-ojicio President of tho Senate. If the lieulenant- 
govenior defauUs, then the Secretarj* of State fills the office. The governor's fetv may be defeated by a vote of two- 
thirds of the members present in each house. 

Tho Judiciary Is comprised in a Supreme Court, Circuit Courts, County Courts, and Justices of tho Peace. Justices 
of the Peace are elected in the several towns, hold oflice two years, and have jurisdiction throughout their counties in 
civil matters when the debt or damages claimed do not exceed $UiO. A county court is established in each county, and 
the judge is elected by the voters of the county for tho term of four years; his court lias juri.sdiction concurrent with tho 
circuit courls in all civd action.s arisins within the county, and in civil actions originating out of the county, when tho 
damages claimed arc not more than $500, aud exclusive ap])ellate jurisdiction In all cases of appeal or ajrfloarl from 

943 



WISCONSIN. 



justices of the piMco, also probiite powers ami jurisdiolion. The Stale is divided int>i six judicial rireuils. iht- voters of 
each of which vk-ct a judge f<»r six yt-ars. The circuit courts have general ori^iDal jurisdiclicm in actions civil and 
criminal at law and ojuily within their circuits. The supreme court is compi-aed of the judyies of the circuits, one of 
whom is i-IiH-tt'd by the oth.-r judi;es Chief Justice. Kxtrt-pt the power to i?*sue writs of maufhunm^ quo ■warrtinU^f 
and the like, Ibis court li:i* app^dhilt* jurisdiction oidy. and is the court of hist resort. There can be no trial by jury in 
this court TribunuiS of citnciiation may bu eslablishtd, and in every organized county ihe Legislature may H|.]ioint 
one or more pcrso]js m ilh pow.'is not exccedinj; tho-o of a circuit judge at chambers. Sheriffs, coroners, registrars of 
deeds. tiUd (iisirJcI attorneys nn* chosen by the pi opie for two years. 

Auuitj; ;he miscellaneous |irvvisions of the consdlution are the following: no lottery or divorce can be granted by the 
Lcgislalun- : taws shall lie passed providing a way for suing the State ; the credit of the Stale shall n-v.-r be lent, nor 
shall :iny deNt be conlracled nor money paid for inienial improvements, unless the Slate hold Iru.si pr"[><Tly dedicated to 
such uses ; exct'pt in cases of war, invasion, or insurrection, no debt exceeding $100,000 shall be contracted ; a university 
wilhoul "sectarian inslruclion'' shall be eNtjiblished; the Legislature shall prevent towns and cities fioin con'racting 
debts ; no general or special law to create a bank or banks shall be passed till a mnjority of the votes at a general elec- 
tion shall have been in favor of ii bank, and uiitd such a majority have afterward approved the ael as piidfl'-d ; any 
person implicated iti a duel loses the right of suffrage and of holding office; no imbiic defaulter shall hiMoflice; in 
criminal prosecutions for liltel the jury arc ju<lges of law and fact; all lands are allodia!, and leases of agrienltural lands, 
with rent or service reserved for more than fifleen years, are void; resident aliens have all the propi-rly rights of 
citizens ; imprisonment for debt on contract is prohibiled : no religious opinions shall di>qualify a witness, etc. 

Amendments to the constitulitm, agreed to by a majority of racmbera of both houses, shall be pul»li»hed for throe 
months before the next election, and referr<-d to the Legislature then chosen; and if again approved by aiu-h m:jji>rity, 
shall be sul)mitteil to the people, A convention may be called in like manner. 

Fefieral li^prenentttum.—'Wiscnnsmy in accordance with the apportionment act of the 23rd May, 1S50, has three rep- 
reseulatives in the United Slates Congress. 

The miUtia force of the State as reported to the Adjutant-General of the United States army consists of 32.203 men of 
all arms, of which 1.8i)4 are commissioned officers, and 30,399 non-commissioned ofli^-ers, musicians, artificers, and pri- 
vates. Of the cummissioned ofllcers, 9 are general officers, 31 general staff officers, 212 field officers, etc., and 1,553 com- 
pjiny officers. 

Till' princi[)al benevolent in fit itutirm of the State is the Asylum for the Education of the Blind a* Janepville, a tax of 
one-fllleenth of a mill ou every dollar of lax.ihle properly in the State is levied for ita aid. It was opened 1st August, 
1S50, and on the ISih December. 1^51. had S pujjils— 6 boys and 2 girls. Annual cost of support, .$l.S3il. 

Finnnce-% Deht, etc—ThQ tolal receipts for the year ending 31st Deceml>er, 1850, amounted to $93.SS9 53, and 
the expenditures to $62,746 20, The t*)tal receipts since the ori;anization of the State governm'-nt had been lo date, 
$16t>.21S 53, and the total expenditures, $152,909 01— excess of receipts, $7.24S 92. The chief sources of revenue are 
taxes and the sales of lands. Tlic ]>riiieip:il expenditures are those — for salaries of executive and judicial officers, 
ly,592 38; legislative expenses, $14,3(19 5S; printing, $S,793 44; State convicts (there being no prison), $3,093 52; mis- 
cellaneous (including revision of statutes in 1849), $10,350 59. There is a territorial ileht of $12,892 75, which wouhl be 
due in June, 1851. 

iStdiUt/cs of EiJucation. — The superintendent of public instruction reported the capital of the school fund ns amount- 
ing on the 1st June, 1S5I, to $.538,094 41. which at 7 per cent, interest yielded an annual revenue of $37,606 Gl. This had 
been derived from sales (»f school-lands in 1849 and 1850, from the 5 per cents.; and from fines. It is expected that 
$5,301,943 44 will be eventually realized from the sales of the school-lands. The sum of $47,416 77 was. Jan. Isl., 1851, 
in the treasury, 10 be apportioned among the several towns, which would give about ^Q cent-s Pir each child attending 
school. For the year eiuting August 1st, 1S50, out of 2,105 districts, l,70i>. and out of 764 part districts, O.'jO had reported 
schools. In the districts reported, each school had been taught on an average 4.96 months, and all rec ived $05 604 26 
of public money. Out of 92.047 children between the ages t»f 4 and 20. 61,597 attended sdiouls, and 1.02ii under 4. and 
688 over 20, also attended. Average wages to teachers — male $17 14, and fem:ile $9 02. Tlure were at the date indic.-ded 

85 school-hoiises of brick, 51 of stone, 568 of logs, and 54m framed, ati.l all valued at $173,240 67. The highi-st valuation 
of any school-house was $5,000, and the lowest, 5 cents. There were also in the State 87 private or select schools, with 
an average of 75 pupils. The Stale University is located at Madison ; it was founded in 1S4S. and is well endowed. The 
Eeloit College was tbunded in 1846. and in 1850 had 6 professors, ami 25 students ; and its library contained about 2,000 
volumes. These institutions promise to he of csenlial utility when their organization is perfected. 

Pnhlic Lihr<tri^.~One State library— 4.0(10 volumes; 1 social— 1,000 volumes; 33 public school— 2,163 ; tolal, 85 
libraries and 7,163 vohimQS.—Hepoi-t. of Libr. of SmiVisonianlnstitutioji. 1851. 

Periodical PreaH.—l'hQ whole number of periodicals published in Wisconsin in 1850 was 49. of which 11 were con- 
ducted on whig principles, 29 on democr.ilic principles, and 9 were neutral in politics, including literary, religious, and all 
issues, the character of which had not been ascertained. Of the whole number, 6 were daily newspapers, 5 (ri-weeklies, 

86 weeklies, and 1 monthly. The circulation of the dailies amounted to 3,865 copies at each issue, the tri-weeklies lo 
1,525 copies, the weeklies to 25,624 copies, and the monthly to 1.500 copies. There was published in Brown county, in 
Columbus and in Crawford county, each 1 w. ; in Dane, 8 w. ; iu Fond du Lac, 2 w. ; in Oreene an'l Grant, each 1 w. 
in Jefferson, 2 w.; in Kenosha, 2 w. ; in Milwaukie, 6d., 5 t.-w., 6 w. ; in Eacine, 4 w. and 1 m.; in Kock.8 w. ; in Sauk, 
1 w. ; in Sheboygan, 3 w. ; in SL CroLx and Washington, each 1 w. ; iu Winnebago, 2 w. ; and in Walworth and Wauke- 
sha, each 1 weekly. 

lieliffi&m Denominations.— ThQ statistics of the several religious denominations in the State in 1S50 were as follows : 

Value of 
rr.,,.e„y. 

.$M,6l)0 
. 1,200 
,. 61,260 

750 
. 46,T.')0 

250 



Pcnnmitia- No r.f 


Cliurcli 


tioiifl, Clmrcliea 


acrom. 


n.apiist 2S . . 


. 9,505.. 


Christian 2.. 


. 700. . 


Congrc-gat'l.. 83 .. 


.10.585.. 


DiilchEof... 2... 


. 550.. 


Kpiscopal . . 19 . . 


. 5.140.. 


I'Voc 2.. 


. 275.. 


Frii-nds — . . 


. — 


944 





Denumina- l?n. of 
tions. Cliurcliea. 

GermaTi Kef. — . . 

Jewish — . . 


Cti.ifili 
sLxom. 


V»li,e of 
Property. 

..% - 


Deriomina- No. of 
tions. CliiirrliM. 

K. Catholic... 67.. 
Sweilenbo'ii . . — . . 


Cliurrl, 
«(<t>m. 

..23,717. 


V,,hif of 
l>n,|»rly. 

.{66,035 


Lolhcran ... IS . . 
Mennonile. . . — . . 


. 5,000.. 


.. 13,650 


Tunlier — . . 

Union 1 .. 


. 400.. 


.. 800 


Methodist... 54 .. 


.15,003. 


.. 62,430 


TTnitjirian — . . 


— .. 


.. _ 


Mr)r:iviali — . . 


. — .. 


.. — 


Univcrs:ilist . . 1 . . 


. SOO.. 


.. 8,000 


Presli) k-ri.in . 21 .. 


.5,000.. 


.. 35,300 


Minor Sccla . . — . . 


. — .. 


.. — 



WIS 



WOL 



-*-makiiig a tntal of 244 churches, having iK-cominoiIntitm for 7S,45l) persons, and valuoil at $350,600. Wisconsin forma 
a missioniiry ilioceao of the Prulcstarit Epi8cop:il Church, and conipriscs the Roman Culholic diocese of Milwuukic. 

Pauperism itnd Crhiu\ — The whole number of pinipcrs who rei-cived support within the year ending 1st -Iiine, ISiiO, 
was 600, of whicli number 1(39 wore native, and 4'.>T foreifjn born ; and the wlmle number ol'paujiorsat the dale specitii-t 
wasSSS, of which 73 were natives, and Kit) foreigners. Cost of support williin the year, $14,743. A State prisun h:i^ 
just been erected at Waupun,in Fond du Lac Counly, 

IlisUiricut SArMi* — "Wisconsin was first vit^ited by French missionaries in 1G60, in October of which year Mesnan! 
reached Che-goi-me-gon, on Lake Superior. In 1672. Aioues and Dablon visited Green IJay. arni the country l)elwei-n 
the Fox Ui\ er and the south end of Lake MichiG:an. In the year following, on the I3ih of May. Manpiette, a Jesuit mis- 
sionary, and Joliet, an agent of tlie government of France, with live oiher Frenelimen, emliarked irom (heir mission, near 
Mackinac, anil arrived at Green Bay. where they found an Indian village and procured guides to accompany Iheni up 
Fox liiver to tlie Portage with tlie Wisconsin. They descended this river to its mouth, wliere they arrived on the 17th 
of June, 167.3, and made the first discovery of the Upper Mississippi Kiver. The Territory remained under the govern- 
inenl of the French, who claimed it, nntil 1763, when, at tlio treaty of Paris, it was ceded to Great Britain, wlio retained 
it until tlie In<iependenee of Ibe United States wa3 acknowledged by that country in 17y;i. when it was claimed by Vir- 
ginia, as a part of the Illinois country concpiered by Col. George Rogers Clark. It, however, remained in the prissession 
of Great Uritain until 17J)6. when it was surrendered in accordance with Jay's treaty, rati(Ie<i the previous year. On the 
fir^l day of March, 17S4, it was ceded by Virginia to the United States. By the celebrated ordinance passed the 13th of 
July, 17'>7, a government was provided for the Territory north-west of the Ohio liiver, which tt^rritory was divided into 
two separate governraeuts, the western called Indiana, by an act passed May 7th, ISOil, An act dividing the Indiana 
Territory and organizing Illinois, wiis passed and approved February 3d. IsiiH. By the act of Congress to enable the 
peojjle of Illinois to form a State government, aj)proved April ISth, ISIS, all tlial portion of said territory north of the 
pnrallel of latitude 42° 30' west of the middle of Lake Michigan, was attached to the Territory of Michigan, which hud 
been set off from Indiana in 1S05. 

In 1835. Michigan having assumed a State government. John S. TTorii'-r, Secretary and Acting Governor, convened a 
session of the Legislature, at Green Bay, from the remainder of said Territory. No business was transacted, except tlie 
passnge of several memorials to Congress, among whicli was one asking fir the organization of the Territory of Wiscon- 
sin, with the seat of government at Cassville, on the Mississippi. 

An act establishing tlie Territorial government of Wisconsin, was p.ossed and approved April 2nth. 1?.j6, and llie Terri- 
tory fully organizcil July 4th, IS^J*). 

On the 12th of June, 1SZ% an act was passed dividing the Territory of Wisconsin, anil establishing that portion on the 
west side of the Mississippi (which had been allached to Michigan in 1334) into a separate government, under the name 
of Iowa. 

In 1S36, Governor Dodge, by proclamation dated Sept. 9lh, convened the Legislature at Belmont, now in Lafayette 
County, on the 25lh day of October in that year. The second session was held at Burlington, now in the State of Iowa, 
November (Uh, lSo7, at which session the seat of government was located at Madison, where the first session of the 2d 
Legislative Assembly of Wisconsin was held November 26lh, ls3S. 

A Convention was held at Maiiison, October 5tli, 1S46, for the purpose f>f drafting a State constilullon, which was 
adopted in conventitm, Deceml>er lOtb, 1S46, but rejected by the people at the election held on the first Tuesday in April, 
1^47. A second convention was held December ICtii, 1S47. and a constitution agreed to February 1st, ISiS, whicli was 
ai'i<rovcd of by tlie electors at the election held April. 1S4S, and Wisconsin was admitted into the Union, on an equal 
footing with the other States, on the 29th day of May, 1S4S. 

Madison, on the isthmus between Third and Fourth Lake, is the political capital. 



Wisconsin river, II7.90. ; rises in Vienx Desert lake, on 
the N. K. boan(Iary of tlie Slate, and flows S. in general 
course for 250 m. until it reaches Portage, when it turns, 
and flows S. W. and W. S. W. 114 m. to its confluence with 
Mississippi r., near Prairie du Chien. Above Portnge it 
has numerous rapids, which afibrd great water-power, used 
at many places by saw-mills. At Portage it is 1,200 feet 
wide, and gradually increases in width to its mouth, where 
il is l.soo feet wide. Its current is usually quite rapid, but 
is sliallow, and there are numerous islands and shifting 
sand-bars, rendering navigation somewhat difiieult. Steam- 
boats of light tlraft can usually ascend to Portage. In Rich- 
mond county, where it is 1,350 feet wide, it is bonlered by 
high sandstone blufls, from 150 to 200 feet high, presenting 
gran<l and beautilul scenery. Proposed improvements of 
this river will render il a very important channel of trade 
and travel between the lakes and Western rivers. 

WiscoT, p. 0., Alleghany co., iV K .■ 220 m.W. by S. Albany. 

Wiseman's, p. o., Coone county. Mo.: 15 m. N. N. W. 
Jefferson City. 

WiTAKANTA rivcf, Minn. Ter. : a large tributary of Min- 
nesota r.. flowing S. by E. from Washley lake. 

WiTeuKP.'s Cboss Roads, p, o., Smith co., I'cnn. : 46 m. 
E.'^'ashville. 

WiTHAMSviLLE. p. o., Clcnnont co., Ohio: 3 m. N. W. 
Ohio r., 87 m. S. W. Columbus. Pop. about 320. 



Alexander en., jV Cur. : 15G ra. W. 
Ohio: on W. bank of Ohio 



WiTTEN berg's, p, 0. 

Raleigh. 

Witten's, p. o., Monroe co. 
r, lUS m. E. by S. Columbus. 

WiTTsnuRn, p. v.. St. Francis co.. Arl: : on W. side of 
SI. Francis r.. 91 in. E. N. E. Little Rock. 

WoBURN, t., p. v., and sia., Middlesex co., M'i--is. : 10 m. 
N. N. W. Boston. Surface of I. pleasantly diversified, con- 
taining several ponds; drained by Mystic r. Tiie v. near 
the centre contains 3 churches and an excellent academy. 
Tlie Woburn Braneli R. R. extends hence 2 m. to junction 
at Winchester with the Boston and Lowell R. R. Pop. 
of t. 8,954. 

WoLcoTT, t. and p. v., New Ilavcn co., Conn.: 19 ni. 
S. W. Uarlford. Draineil by Ma'l r. Pop. 603. 

Woi.coTT, t. and p. v., Wayne co., JV. }'. .• 162 m. W. by 
N. Albany. Drained by small streams flowing into Lake 
Ontario, whicli bounds it on the W. Tlie v. contain.s 3 
churches, several stores, etc. The " W. Banner" (neut.) is 
here published. Pop. of v. about 650; of t. 2,751. 

WorxoiT, t. and p. v., Lamoille co., Term.: 20 m. N. by 
F. Montpelier. Drained by Lamoille r. .and its branchesi, 
winch .-ifiord water-power to si-veral mills. Pop. of t. 909. 

Woi-corr'w Mills, p. o., La Grange county, lud./ 123 ra. 
N. by K. Indianapolis. 

WoLooTTviLLi:, p. V. and sta., Litchfield co., Con7i. : eita- 



■ This flketch of tlie liistno' ciT Wisconsin la taken from " Hunt's G;i7.eiteer" of tljat Stit--, .tJvance ebeet-i of wliicb wereliindljr furaijhed tu ibe 
Editor of the S. G. of U. S. It u a work of great value, antl rell«rct» high credit on tlie Huluatrj and ability of the l«»rn«l QUtUor. 

60 »« 



WOL 



WOO 



ated at the confluence of the head branches of Naugatiu-k 
r., 23 m. W. Haniurd, 37 ra. N. N. W. New Haven? The 
Naugatuck 11. K. passes through, 52 m. from Bridgeport, 
10 m. from Winsted. Good water-power is here Airiiished, 
and iiiipruved by various manufaelories. lu the vicinity ia 
a good IhhI of copper ore. 

WouK, p. o., Knuxco., Ohio: 41 m. N. E. Columbus. 

AYoi-F Eavou, p. o., ludi'penfience co., Ark. : on small 
stream of same name, 67 m. N. N, E. Litilc Eock. 

WoLfBoRo', t. and p. v., Carroll county, X. I/amp. : 29 m. 
N. E. by N. Concord. This t. is noted for its fine scenerj", 
and the beautiful views here presented of Lake Wiiini- 
piseogee, which bounds it on the W. It contains numerous 
saw-mills, several tanneries, and other manufacturing 
establishments. Pop. of t. 2,038. 

WoLP Creek, p. o., Lenawee co., Mic?i. : on cr. of same 
name. 5i ra. S. S. E. Lansing. 

Wolf Creek, t. and p. o., Mercer co., Pen?}.: 1^4 m. 
W. N. W. Hurrisburg. Drained by Wolf cr., and contains 
mills of various kinds. Pop. about 2.00D. 

Wolf Ckeek, p. o., Pickens disL, A'. Car. : 112 m. N. W. 
by W. Columbia. 

Wolf Lake, p. o., Noble county, Ind. : 110 m. N. by E. 
Indianapolis. 

Wolf Riveb, p. o., Fayette co., Tejin. : 15S m. W. S. W. 
Nashville. 

Wolf El*n, p. o,, Lycoming co., Pemi. : 72 m. N. by W. 
Uarrisburg. 

WuLFsviLLE, p. v., Frederick county, M'7.: 61 ni. N. W. 
Annapolis. 

Wolfsville, p. v.. Union co., N. Cur. : 99 m. W. S. W. 
Ealeigh. 

WoMELSDORF, p. b., Berks county, Ptmj}. : on S. side of 
Tulpehocken cr., 36 m. E. by N. llarrisburg. Its inhabitr 
ai}t3 are chiefly of German origin. It contains several mills, 
stores, etc., and is surrounded by a fertile and well-culti- 
vated district. Pop. about 950. 

Wonasqijatucket river. Providence co., P. I. : an im- 
portant mill-stream, rising in Smithfield, and flowing S. E. 
into Providence Cove. 

WoMi) eounly, Ohio, Situate N. toward the W., and con- 
tains 612 sq. m. Drained by Portage r. and its branches, 
and branches of Maumee r. Surface varied, and descends 
gradually toward Lake Erie in the N., with which connec- 
tion is had by means of Maumee r. and bay ; soil a deep 
lorim, witli sand intermixed, and very fertile. Staples, 
wheat and Indian corn. Live-stock and grain are ex- 
ported. A large portion of the '* Black Swamp" is within 
the limits of the en., which, if drained, might be rendered 
productive. Farms 704; manuf. 21 ; dwell. 1542, and pop.— 
wh. 9.139, fr. c.>l. IS— total 9.157. Capital: Perrysbiirg. 
Puhlie Works : Toledo and Fort Wayne E. E. ; Wabash 
and Erie Canal. 

Wood county, Tex. Situate toward the N. E., and con- 
tains 1,046 sq. m. Drained by Sabine r. and its branches. 
Lake Fork, Big Sandy cr., and other small streams. Sur- 
face undulating and diversified ; soil fertile, and is adapted 
to cotton, corn, and other agricultural productions. Tlicre 
is a considerable quantity of pine timber on the land, and 
some prairie. It contains some springs of excellent water, 
and has some few minerals. CapiUd : Quitman, 

Wood county, Virg. Situate N. W.. and contains 476 
sq. m. Drained by Little Kanawha river and its branches. 
Surface hilly and broken ; soil fertile, adapted to grain and 
grazing. Chief products, wheat and Indian corn, with to- 
bacco, etc. Farms 640 ; manuf. 24 ; dwell. 1,554, and pop. — 
wh. 9,uuS, fr. col. 69, si. 373— VUal 9,450. Capital : Park- 
ersburg. Puldic Works: North Western li. K. 

WoonHEREY, p. v., Butlcr CO., Ay. ; 110 m. S. W. by W. 
FrankforL 

WooDBEBRY, p. v., Mcrriwether co., Ga.: on W. side of 
FHnt r., 81 ra. W. Milledgevilie. 
WooDuiNE, p. v. and sta., Carroll co., Md.: on Baltimore 
946. 



and Ohio E. E., 3S miles from BalUmore, 5o miles N. W, 
Annapolis. 

WooDiti.vE, p. 0., Whitley county, JTy. .• 107 m. S. S. E. 
Frankfort. 

WooDnouRNE, p. v., Stdlivan co., ^\ T.: on E. bank of 
Nevpfsink r., 74 ra. S. W. by S. Albany. 

WouPBoUBNE, p. v., Knox county, Term.: 16S m. E. 
Nashvdle. 

WooniiRiDGE, p. v.. Cedar co., Ia, 

WooDiiRiDOE, t. and p. v., Middlesex co., N. Jer.: sg m. 
N. K. Trenton. The t. contains several flmirishing villages, 
with p:irt of Eahway v. The New Jersey U. li. passes 
through iL Woodbridge v., 3 ra. S. Eahway. contains a 
church, several stores, etc. Pop. of t. in 1S40, 4,S21: in 
1850, 5,141. 

WoouuuRN, p. v.. Burke county, Ga. : on Mill cr., 6S m. 
E. by N. Milledgevilie. 

WooPBUEN, p. v., Macoupin county, III. : 54 m. S. S. W. 
Springfield. 

WooDBiKN, p. o., Warren county, Xy. ; 120 m. S. W. 
Frankfort. 

WooDBi-RT. t. and p. v., Litchfield county, Conn. : 31 m. 
W. S. W. Uarlford. Draiiicd by Poniporaug r. and branches, 
which unite near the v., and aff'ord waler-powtr to woolen 
factories, and other mills. The v. is neatly built, and con- 
tains 3 churches, several stores, etc. Pop. of t. 2,150. 

WooDiti-RY. p. v., Cumberland county. III : a branch of 
Embarrass r., 82 ra. E. S. E. Springfield. The National road 
passes through it. 

WooDiiuRT, p. v., Hamilton county, Iiid.: 20 m. N. E. 
Indianapolis. 

WooDitu ay, sta., Baltimore co., Jild.: on Baltimore and 
Susquehanna E. E., 3 ra. N. Baltimore. 

Woodbury, p. v., Wright county. Mo. : on Osage fork of 
Gasconade r., S4 nL S. S. W. Jefferson City. 

WooDRCEY, p. v., and cap. Gloucester co., y. Jer. : S3 m. 
S. W. by S. Trent<)n. It contains a fine brick court-house, 
fire-proof county offices, stone jail, an academy, several 
stores, and 3 churches. The " Constitution '• is issued 
weekly. AVoodbury cr. flows on N. side of the v., and is 
boatable U> this place. Pop. about 900. 

WooDiJURY, p. v., Wood county, Ohio: 94 m. N. N. W. 
Columbus. 

Woodbury, t. and p. v.. Bedford co., Penn. : 75 m. W. 
llarrisburg. Drained by Yellow cr. and branches, which 
afford water-power to nuraerous flouring and saw mills. 
Iron ore is here found, and smelted by several furnaces. 
Pop. of t. about 4,U00. 

Woodbury, p. v., and cap. Cannon county, 7>»«. .- 42 m. 
S. E. by E. Nashville. It has a good site, and is drained by 
a branch of Stone's ex. of Cumberland r. It contains the 
county buildings, several stores, eta Pop. about 200. 

Woodbury, t. and p. v., Washington co.. Verm.: 17 m. 
N. E. by N. Montpclier. Watered by nuraerous j)onds, and 
branches of Lamoille and Onion rivers. Poj). of t. 1,070. 

Woodcock, t. and p. v., Crawford co., Pcnu.: 187 m. 
N. W. by W. llarrisburg. Drained by Woodcock creek. 
The t. contains a large number of mills and other manufac- 
turing establishments. Pop. about 2.000. 

Woodford eounly, III. Situate N. centrally, and con- 
tains 532 m. Mackinaw r., a tributary of Illinois r., drains 
the eastern portion, and other branches of same river the 
N. and W. Surface undulating; soil fertile. Staples, 
wheat and grain. The W. is bounded by the Illinois, 
which in this part opens into a broad basin. Farms duIj ; 
manuf. 14; dwell. 747, and pop.— wh. 4.416, fr. col. 0— 
total 4,416. Capital: Metamora. Public Works: Central 
Illinois E. E. 

Woodford county, Kt/. Situate N. E. centrally, and 
contains 141 sq. m. Drained by branches of Kentucky r., 
which bounds it on the W. Surface level ; s<»il a flue deep 
vegetable loam and very productive. Staples, tobacct, 
wheat, and Indian com. FarmsSSQ; manuf. 93; dwell. 1,053, 



woo 



woo 



end pop.— wh. 5.SS2, fr. col. 105. si. 0,376— tolal VJ,423. 
Oipitdl : Versailles. J'uhlic Worki : Lexington an<l 
Frankfort K. R. 

WooDFoKD, t and p. v., BenningtoQ co., Vefrn. : 103 m. 
S. S. W. Montpelier. Surface elevated and broken ; soil 
sterile. Drained by pon<>8 and small streams. Top. 423. 

"VN'oopfued's sla., Cumberland county, Me. : on Tork and 
Cumberland R. R., 2 m. W. Fortlaud. 

Wood Gbove, p. o., Morgan CO., Ohio: CO m. E. by S. 
CoUuubus. 

W'<X'Dnui.L, t. and p. v., Steuben county, i^l K ; 19-i ni. 
"VN". by S. Albany. Draincvl by Tuscanira cr. Surface un- 
even, and covered with bt-avy limber. Pop. in ISiU, >'^1 : 
in IS50, 1,769. 

WooDUL"LL, t. and p. o., Shiawassee co., Jl/'c/t. : 10 ro. 
E. N. E. Lansinc:. Drained by branches of Looking Glass 
river. Pop. in lS-10, U7: in 1S50. 259. 

WooPiNGTON, p. o., Darke county, Ohio : 84 m. W. 
CoUimbns. 

WooDLA-XD, t. and p. o.. Barry county, JficJi. : 2S m. W. 
Lansing. Drained by ereeks of Grand r. Pop. 377. 

WoooLAND, p. o., Barren counly, Ky. : 95 m. S. W. by S. 
Frank fort. 

Woodland, p. o., Clearfield co., Penn.: 95 m. W. N. "W. 
llarrisburcr. 

WooPLAND. P.O., East Feliciana par., La.: 29 m. N. Iiy E. 
Baion Rouge. 

Woodlands, p. o., Marshall county, Tlrg. : on E. side of 
Ohio r., 232 m. N. W. Richmond. 

WooDLAWN, p. v., Dallas county, Ala. : 40 m, W. N. W. 
Montgomery. 

WooDLAWN", p. o., Murray county, Ga. : 15S m. N. W. 
Milledgeville. 

WooPLAWN, p. o., Itawamba county, Miss. : 105 m. 
N. E. by N. Jackson. 

WooDLAWN, p. 0., Washita co., Ari:: 92 m. S. S. W. 
Litile Rock. 

WooDLAWx, p. v., Cecil co., M<f. : 51 m. N. E. by N. 
Annapolis. The vicinity is highly cultivated, and furuislies 
eatlle and wheat for market. Granite of the finest texture 
is extensively quarried. The Cliesapeake fisheries are also 
prosecuted. Pop. 130. 

WooDLAWN. p. o.. Monroe co., Mo.: on S. fork of Salt r., 
66 m. N. Jrff'erson City. 

WooDLAWN, p. v., Ai)pomattox co., Virg. .- si ra.W. by S. 
Richmond. 

WooDLAWN, p. v.. Lincoln co., ^T. Car. : on W. side of 
Catawba r.. 120 m. W. S. W. Raleigh. 

WooPLA-wN, p. v., Edgefield disL, S. Car, : 62 m. W. S. W. 
Columbia. 

WooDRrDGE's Store, p. o., Christian counly, Xy. .■ 170 m. 
S. W. by W. Frankfort. 

WooDF.rFT's. p. o., Spartanburg dist., S. Car. : 72 m. 
X. W. by W. Columbia. 

Wood's, p. o., Perry county, Ttmn, : 7.5 m. S. W. by W. 
Nashville. 

WooD^noRo', p. v., Shelby co., Ala.: 62 m. N. N. W. 
Montgomery. 

"WoonsnoKo', p. v., Montgomery CO., /??. ,' 45 m. S. by E. 
Springfield. 

Woopsijono". p. o.. Frederick county, MJ. : 52 ra. N. W. 
Annapolis. Pop. about 100. 

Wood's Corkers, p. o., HillsiJale county, Mich,: 59 m.9. 
Lansing. 

Wood's Cross Roads, p. o., Gloucester co.,yir(/. : 44 m. 
E. Riehmond. 

WooDSDALE, p. v., Person co., JV. Cai\ : 50 m. N. N. W. 
Raleigh. 

WooDSFTELD, p. V., and cap. Monroe counly, Ohio : on S. 
side of Sunfish creek, 9G m. E. Columbus. It has an 
elevated and pleasant site, and contains good counly build- 
ing'*, with several stores. The "Spirit of Democracy" 
(dem.) is here published. Pop. 395. 



Wood's Hill, p. v., Roane CO., Teim. : on N. side Ten- 
nessee r., 162 m. E. by S. Nashville. 

Wood's Hole, p. v., Barnstable CO., Ma.%^. : G2 m. S. S. E. 
Rostoo. It has a good harbor, admitting vessel.s ()f tlie 
largest class, and protected by islands on the S. and W. 
The V. is of considerable sinnnier resort for sea air and 
batbing. Naushon House is a fine hotel. 

Wood Suop, p. o., Dale county, Aia. : 40 m. S. E. by S. 
Montgomery. 

Woiiii's MiLT,s sta.. y igo co.. Iu(f. : on Terre Haute and 
Richmond R. R., S m. E. from Terre Ilaule, 65 m. ft-oni 
Indianapolis. 

WooDsosvaLE, p. v., Hart county, K>j. : on S. side of 
Green r., SO m. S. W. Frankfort. 

Wood's Station, p. o., Walker co., Ga. : 172 m. N. W. 
MilledgeviUe. 

Woodstock, t. and p. v., Windham co., Conn. : 30 m. 
E. N. E. Harlford. The t. lias a hilty surface. Drained 
by several streams, of which Mu'My brook affords water- 
power. It contains 3 villaces. each pleasant and flourish- 
ing, and haviug some manufaelurcs. Wootlstoek v., in 
S. E. part of t.. ha.s an elcvatetl site, and is ucally built 
Pop. of t. in 1^0, 3.053 ; in 1S50, 4.030. 

WooDSTo«"K, p. v., Cherokee county, Ga. : on branch of 
Etowah r.. luS m. N. W. Milledgevillo. 

Woodstock, p. v., and cap. M'Ueiiry co., 7^/. .• 137 m. 
N. N. E. Springtield. It is situated in a pleasant grove, 
near a small brook, and contains the county buildings. 

WooDSTorK, t. and p. v., Oxford counly, Mf. : 37 m. W. 
Au«:usta. Drained by l>ranch of Little Androscoggin r., 
and by several large ponds. Surface partly mountainous. 
The Atlantic and St. Lawrence R. R. passes through its 
S. W, part, havin.i; a station at Bryant's Pond, 62 m. from 
Portland. Pop. of t. 1,U12. 

Woodstock, p. v. and sta., Howard county, MJ. : on 
Baltimore and Obio U. R., 25 m. from Baltimore, 29 ni. 
N. W. by N. Annapolis. 

Woodstock, t. and p. v., Lenawee county, Mich.: 4S m. 
.S. by E. Liinsing. Watered by head branches of liaisin 
river, several ponds, and a lari;e lake on ils S. border. In- 
terests mainly agricultural. It contains flouring mills, tlie 
annual product of which, as valued iu 1S50, is $90,-365. 
Pop. in 1^40, 074; in IV.O, 949. 

Woodstock,!, and p. o., Grafton co., X, TTarnp.: 54 m. 
N. by W. Concord. Surface mountainous ; drained by 
Pemieewassett r. Pop. 41;>. 

Woodstock, t. and p. v., Ulster county, N". Y.: 45 miles 
S. S. W. Albany. Surface mountainous; drained by Sagh- 
kiU er. The v. contains 2 ehurehes. Pop. of t. 1,650. 

Woodstock, p. v., Champaign co., Oldo: 30 m. N.N.W. 
Columbus. Pop. 205. 

Woodstock, sta., Windsor county, Tenyi.: on Vermeil 
Central R. R., 17 ra. from Windsor. 60 ni. from Monlpelier. 

Woodstock, t„ p. v., and cap. Win-lsor county, Wnn. : 
45 m. S. by E. Montpelier. Drained by Oita Queeehee r. 
and its branches, which alf.ird water-j^ower. The v. in N. 
part of the t. is very pU-a-vanl, and conlains a beauliful pub- 
lic ffreen. Tbe courl-liouse is one ofilie best edifices of the 
kind in New Kngland. R al.-^o contains :> ehurcbe.s. 1 bank, 
cap. $6u.0O0. and ibe Vermont .^^edieal College, founded in 
1S35. which in 1^50 had 7 profrssors. 9u .studenl-s, ami 333 
graduates. The " Mercury" (wbic:), and "Tbe Age" (dem.) 
are issued weekly. I'op. of L 3,041. 

Woopr^TocK. p. v., and cap. Sliennndnab county. Vir(i,: 
1(16 miles N. W. by N- Richmond. It e.onlaius Ilie county 
buildings, 4 churches, an academy. The "Tenth Legion" 
(dem.) is issued weekly. Pop. about 1,000. 

WoonsTocK Mn.iii, p. o., N.assau co., Flor.: on S. side 
of St. Mary's r., 142 m. E. by N. Tallaliassce. 

WooPSTOWN, p. v., Salem co., A' J^^r.: on N. side of 
Salem cr., 4$ m. S. W. by S. Trenton. It conLiins aeveni 
stores, and 3 churches. Valuable beds of marl are in the 
vicinitv. Pop. about 750. 

94T 



woo 



WOR 



WooDaviLT-E, p. 0., Mercer co., iV'. Jer. : 11 m. N. N. "W. 
Trenlon. 

WooDVALE, p. o., Fayette co., Perm. : 146 m. W. by S. 
Harrisbur^. 

WooDviKW, p. o., Morrow co., Ohio: SG ni. N. Columbua. 

WooDViM.K, p. v., and one of the caps. .IncUaon c-ounty, 
Ala. : 5S ni. N. Montgomery. The Memphis and Charles- 
Ion E. K. will pass near it. 

WooDviLLE, p. v., Litcbfitld counly, Con7i. : 32 m. W. 
HarllrmJ. 

■WoonviLLE, p. v., Adama county, J^L : S'i m. W. by N. 
Bprinirfield. 

WooDviLLE, p. v., Jackson co.. Im?.: on branch of E. 
fork ol White r., 02 m. S. Indianapolis. 

■WooDviLLE, p. o., Haywood co., 'Jenn. : 14C m. W. by S. 
Nashville. 

WooDviLLE, p. v., Middlesex co., Sfdss. 

WooDviLLE, p. v., and cap. Wilkinson co., Miss, : 105 m. 
S. W. b-y S. Jackson. It contains the connty buihlings, 3 
churches, 2 academies, etc. The West Fdiciana K. l;. ex- 
tends hence to Bayou Sara, on llie Mississippi river, 20 ni. 
The "W. Republican'' (dem.). and " Wiikinsoa Whii;" are 
issued weekly. Pop. about 900. 

WooDviLLE, p. v., Macon co., Mo. : on S. fork of Salt r., 
73 in. N. Jefferson City. 

WooDviLLE, p. v., Jefferson county, K. Y. : on S. side of 
Sandy or., 14T m. N. W. by W. Albany. It contains several 
mills and stores, with a church. Pop. about 200. 

WoonviLLE, sta., Queens county, A'. 1'. ; on Long Island 
E. E., 9 m. from New York. 

WooDviLLE, p. v., and cap. Tyler co„ 7*^.11. .■ on W. side 
of Turkey cr., 200 m. E. by N. Austin City. It contains the 
county buildings. 

WooDTiLLE, p. v., Perquimans CO., J\''.(7«r.; on W. side of 
Little r., 126 m. E. N. E. Raleigh. 

WooDViLLE, t. and p. v., Sandusky co., Ohio: 104 m. 
N. by W. Columbus. Drained by Portage r., on which the 
V. is situated. Pop. of t. in 1S40, 4S6 ; in lS5o. 1.1J69. 

WooDviLLE, p. V. and sta., Greene co,, Ga,: on Athens 
Branch R. 11., 43 m. N. by E. Milledgeviilc. 

WooDTiLLE, sta., Aibemaile county, Vivfj. ,■ on Virginia 
Central R. R,, 7 m. from Charlottesville, l(i4 miles from 
Richmond. 

WooDviLLK. p. v.. Rappahannock county, Vivg. : 84 m. 
N. N. W. Richmond. 

WooinvAr.D, p. o., Centre county, Penn.: 66 m. N". W. 
Harrisburg. 

WooowAUDsviLLE, p. V., EssGX couoty, X. Y. : S5 m. X. 
Albany. 

"WooD-woF-TnV, p. o., Granville co., A" dn'.: 45 m. N. 
R.ileigh. 

WooDTARDS, p. o., Atheus CO., Ohio: 67 m. S. E. by E. 
Columbus. 

WooLWicn, t. and p. v., Lincoln county, 3fe. : 2G m. S. 
Augusta. Drained by sniaU streams flowing into Kennebec 
river which bounds it on the W. It 13 somewhat engaged 
in the fisheries. Pop. of t. 1.420. 

WooNSocKET Falls, p. v. and sta., Providence co.. P. I. : 
on Blaekstone r., 15 m. N. N. W. Providence. The r. here 
descends in a short distance 21 feet, falling over a precipice 
of rocks, and affording very great water-power. The 
factories are in number about 50, and chiefly engaged in 
making cotton goods. The v. also contains 6 churches, and 
1 Ijank, cap. $100,000. The Providence and WorcealT E. E. 
pa.*ises through, 16 m. from Providence, 27 m. from Worcester. 
The New York and Boston Direct E. R. will also pass 
through this place. The "W. Patriot" (indep.) is issued 
weekr^. Pop. about 3,000. 

WoosTER, t., p. v., sta.. and cap. Wayne co., Ohio : 73 m. 
N. E. Columbus. Surface of t very fertile. Drained by 
Killbuck cr. and branches. The v. is pleasantly situated, 
and contains the county buildings, and 6 churches. The 
Ohio and Pennsylvania R. R. ititsses through it, 134 m. from 
943 



Pittsburg. The "AVayne Co. Democrat" (dem.). and 
" Wooster Democrat" (wliig), are here published. Pop. of 
V. in 1S4II, 1.913: hi 1^5l», 2,797. Pop. of t including v. in 
1^0,3.120; in 1S50, 4,0S0. 

Worcester county, 3fd. Situate S. E., and contains 
616 sq. m. Pocomoke r. flows through the co. from N. to S., 
by which and its branches it is drained. Surface level or 
rolUng; soil is in general of a sandy nature, in parts it is 
fertile. Staples, wheat and grain. Lame numbers of cattle 
and hogs are (attened in the co. Timber is abundant. 
Sinepuxenl bay bounds it on the E., and is inclosed by a 
number of islands with inlets to the inner waters. Farms 
1.31S: manuf. 29; dwell. 2.SS4, and pop._wh. 12,401, fr. 
col. 8.014, si. 3,444:— total 18,859. Cupital: Snowhill. 

Worcester county, Mass. Situate in the central part of 
the State, and contains 1.450 sq. m. Drained by liLiek* 
stone, Quinnebaug, W^are, Miller's, Nashua, and Mill rivers. 
Surface undulating; soil fertile, being a rich black loam, 
and very productive. This co. has many important nuinu- 
facturcs, and good water privileges. Cliief products wheat, 
Indian cnrn. oats, potatoes, and tobacco. Farms 7.239; 
manuf. 1,161 ; dwell. 21,709, and pop.— wh. 130,152, fr. 
ciil. 637— total 130,7S9. Capital: Worcester. Public 
Worka : Boston and Worcester R. E. ; Providence and 
Worcester R. R. ; Worcester and Fitchburg R. R. ; Western 
R. R. ; Nashua and Worcester E. E. ; Fitchburg E. R. ; 
Vermont and Massachusetts R. R ; Norwich and Worcester 
R. E.; Cheshire E. E., etc. 

WoKCESTEit. p. city, and cap. Worcester co., Mass. : 45 m. 
by railroad. W. by S. Boston. Lat. (AnU Hall) 42° 1 6' 17" N. ; 
lotig. 71° 4.S' 13" W. It is pleasantly situated in a valley, 
surrounded by hills of gentle acclivity, its soil is generally 
fertile, and is drained by branches of Bl:ickstone r. lis 
surface is somewhat diversified, affording a picturesque 
variety in its general appearance. Many of its streets are 
lery handsome, of which the most important is Main Street, 
which is about 2 m. long, straight, broad, urtiamented with 
beautiful shade trees, and contains tlie principal hotels, 
stores, banlis, churches, public buildings, with several 
splendid private residences. In the S. part of the city is a 
spacious ijublic green. Many of the principal buildings are 
flue structures. The hall of the Ameriuan Antiquarian 
Society is a large and handsome edifice, erected in 1820, at 
eo=t of $10,000, and contains 7.000 volumes. The Stale 
Lunatic As; lum is finely situated on an eminence E. of the 
city, and surrounded by extensive and beautiful grounds. 
It consists of a large central edifice, 4 stories high, with 
wings 3 stories high, and 134 feet long. Tliis noble institu- 
tion was founded in 1S33, and usually contains from 450 to 
500 inmates. The College of the Holy Cross (Eoman 
Catholic) has a fine location on a rounded hill, H m- S. W. 
of the city, but its buildings were lately destroyed by fire. 
In 1S50. it had 4 professors, 120 students, and 4,220 volumes 
in its library. Great attention is generally given to educa- 
tion in the public schools and private academies, which arc 
of the best order. The newspaper press, in 1350, consisted 
of the "Massachusetts Spy" (f. soil), daily and weekly; 
"Daily Tribune" (neut.) ; 4 weeklies, "National J^lgis" 
(whig), "Palladium" (dem.), "Mass. Cataract" (temp.), 
" Christian Citizen" (reform.) ; and 1 monthly, *' N. E. 
Temperance Journal." 

Worcester is one of the most important thoroughfares In 
New England. The railroads here centering are five in 
number: viz., Boston and Worcester E. R., 45 m. long; 
Western E. E., 57 ra. to Springfield. 156 m. to Albany; 
Providence and Worcester E. R.. 43 m. ; Norwich and 
Worcester R. E., 66 m.; Worcester and Nashua E. E., 
45 m. ; and Fitchburg and Wcirce^ler R R., 26 m., which 
uses between Worcester and Sterling Junction, 8 miles, 
the road of the Worcester and Nashua R. R. These very 
important avenues of intercommunication have effectually 
secured to Worcester the greatest faeilitics for inland trade, 
and have greatly developed and increased its manufactures 



AVOU 



Will 



an(I ir^'THTal prospority. Its manufactures embrace nearly 
all brumhes. anil form an atr^n^gatt; annual pr(nlu<'t of 
aboiii $-J.oMH.(M)0. Tln-re are five banks, wiili ag^^regak- 
cap. "f tl-<'"".'""X and 2 institnti<tna fur savings. 

Tin; aggregate wealth of Worcester is very great, show- 
ing an nntisually large avernge amount per head. The 
general increase of the city in wealth during the last 
*_'ii \ears has also been very rapid, hardly snrpa-ssed in New 
Knghin<l. The following table exhibits the valuation of 
propi-rty in various years, from ISOU to 1S52, inclusive: 



Y^ir*. Vdl, .if T.r<ip , Ve.irs. 

ISOI) $20G,542 I 1S40. 

ISIO 1.476.3^3 llS45. 

lS-211 2,1115,750 I 1S41). 

1S30 2,74T.SO0 I 18-17. 



Years. 


Val. of prop. 


1S48.. 


..$S,T21,l(m 


IS«.. 


.. l(l,75il,252 


IS31.. 


..1I.9--'.5.IIS5 


1S53.. 


. . 1-.',57.'.,5G6 



Val. of prop. 

..$4,28S,{>f)0 

.. 0,004.050 

,. 7.116,7(10 

,. 7,690,S50 

In 1S49, the number of persons wlinse property amounted 
to $20,000 and upward, wa^ 91 ; and 99 persons were 
assessed for :Mn.oO0 and upward, but below *20,0(»l). 

The settlement of Woroesler was commenced in 1075, but 
owing to the Indian border warf:ire, was not made perman- 
ent until 1713. In 171S, it contained " 5S liumMe dwelling 
houses." In 17(j5, its citizens instructed their representatives 
to join in no measure countenancinj^ the "■8tamp Act;" and 
soon again manifested their patriotic spirit by prompt action 
upon many matters of national concern. During the revo- 
hUinnary struggle it snst:iined a most honorable part. Its 
career of prosperity during the last tliiriy years is the 
natural result nf ilie intelligent enterprise of its cilizens. 
Tliey have ever been among the foremost in the State, in 
contributing to the construction of works of internal im- 
pruvenient, in building up home manufactures, and in the 
promotion of agriculture ; and they are now receiving their 
just reward. The city was incorporated in 1S43. Its 
government is vested in a mayor, S aldermen, and common 
cnuncil of 24 members (being composed of 3 members from 
<'ai-h of the ? w;irds). The appropriation of city expt-nsea 
in 1S51. was $7.5,500; in ls.52, $S5,700. The population at 
diinrent periods has been as follows: 



Ve,,r. 


Pl.p. 


Year. 


Pnp. 


Yenr. 


Pop. 


Ye.-ir. 


Top. 


17C5. 


..1.47S 


ISOO.. 


..2.411 


1S30, 


. 4.173 


1S4T. 


.I.'),l54.'i 


177C,.. 


..1,025 


ISIO.. 


..2,677 


1S40. 


. T,497 


1S50. 


.17,049 


17911.. 


..2,1195 


1S20.. 


..2,902 


1845. 


.11,556 


1853. 


,20,271 



■WoncKSTEB. t. and p. v., Otsego county, jV. Y. : 50 m. W. 
Albany. Surface of I. hilly. Draint;d Ijy Charlotte r. and 
branches. The v. contains 2 churches, several stores and 
mills. Pop. of v. about 200 ; of t. 2,047. 

Woiir&STKn, t. and p. o., Monignmcry co., Peiin.: SO m. 
E. Ilarrisburg. Interests agricultural. Pop. about 1,400. 

Worcester, t. an<l p. v., Washington co., Verm.: 1 m. 
N. Montpelier. Surface in part mountainous. Drained by 
N. branch of Onion r.. which affi'rds water-power, and on 
which the v. in its S, part is situate. Pop. of t. 702. 

"W'oiiTn county, la. Situate N., and contains 432 sq. m. 
Drained by Kngli^h r. and Lime creek. Surface level or 
slightly undulating; soil fertile and adapled to the culture 
of wheat and grain. The N. is diversified with large lakes. 
Set otT .since ls50. 

WoKTU. p. o., Mercer county, Penn. : 1S7 m. W. N. W. 
Ilarrislmrg. 

Worth, p. o., Dc Kalb county, Ala.: 140 ra. N. by E. 
Montgomery. 

Wor.ru, p. o., Perry co,, O/th : 45 m. E, S. E. Columbus. 

Wop.rn, t. and p. o,. Tuscola county, Mic^t.: 77 m. X. E. 
Lansing. Pop. of t. 600. 

WoKTn. p. o.. Cook CO., III. : 163 ra. X. E. Springfield. 

Wor.Tii. p. o., Marion co,. Ark. : on S. side of Whity r., 
93 m. N. by W. Little Kock. 

Woi:Tn, p. o„ Dubois c<»,, Tnd. : on S. side of Patoka cr., 
mtt ni. S. S. W. Indianapolis. 

WonTHiNc.Tox. p. v., Mecklenburg cunty, K>j.: 132 m. 
W. S. W. Frankfort. 

WoETiiixdToN, t. and p. v., Hampshire co., JA/a?. ; 95 m. 



jl m. 


N. 


!)}• 


"SV". 


60 111. 


W. 


N. 


w. 


132 n 


.N 


W 


ijy 


12 m 


S. 


1>) 


E« 



W. Boston. Surface elevated and pleasantly iliversitied. 
Drain-'il by Wesifirld r. and its branches. luierests, chiefly 
agrimiltural. Pop. of i. l,l:U. 

WonTUiNOTON. p. v. and sta., Franklin co., Ohio: on E. 
side of Olontangy r., 9 m. N. by W. Columbus. It is regu- 
larly laid out, Willi streets crossing at right angles, and is 
VL-ry neatly built. It ciuitains 3 churches and 2 nourishing 
seniiiKirit's. The CleveUmd, Cohnnbus, and Cincinnati li. K. 
passes througli it, 126 m. from Cleveland. 129 m. from ("in- 
cinnali. Settled in ISOI by the Scioto C(ini])any from Crau- 
by, Connecticut. Pop. 5iil. 

WoRxniNGTox, p. o., Creene co., Imf.: on W. fork of 
While r., 60 m. S. W. Indianapolis. 

Wop-TUiNGToN, p. v., Armstrong county, PtLun.: 145 m. 
W. X. W. Harrisburg. In the viciniiy is a charcoal hot- 
lilast furnace, with annual ca|iacity of IsOO tons, employing 
SO men ; also 1 charcoal cold-blast furnace, with annual 
capacity of l.ini) tons, employing 40 men. 

WoBTUixoToN. p. o., Marion co., Virfj. : 2no m. N. W. by 
W. Uichm..nd. 

WoRTUVii.LE, p. v., Carroll eo,, Ay. ; 
Frankfurt. 

W'lKTHviLLE. p. v., Butts couuly, Ga. : 
Milleiigeville. 

Wor.TiiviLLE, p. v., Jefferson co., N. Y.: 
W. Albany. 

WuRTHVlLLE, p. v., JohUSOll CO., IikL . 

Indianapolis. 

Wi:kntham, t. and p. v., N'''rfolk county, jVa^s. ; 23 m. 
S. W. Iiy S. linstnn. SurHice pleasantly diversitied. Drain- 
ed liy liranches of Taunton, Charles, and Neponset rivers, 
which affunl considerable water-power. The t. contains 
several pleasant villages. The Xorfolk County li. K. crosses 
its N. W. part. Wrenlham v., near the centre, is neatly 
built. Pop. of t. 3,037. 

WntouT county, /</. Situate, toward the N., and contains 
576 srp ni. Drained liy Hoone r. anit lu-ad branch of ItAva r. 
Surface undulating ; soil lerllle, and adai>led to grain. Set 
off .since 1S50. 

WiiiGUT couuly, J/(>. Situate toward the S. W., and con- 
tains 913 jiq. m. (iasconade r., and Osage fork of s;inie. 
with their branches, drain the county. Surface uneven and 
varied ; soil in geiiLTa! fertile, and adapted to tlie cultiva- 
tion of wheat and urain, and is also fsivorabk- to the growth 
of tobacco. Timber is abundant. Farms 371 ; manuf, ; 
dwell. 541, and pnp.— wh. 3,305, fr. col. 0, si. 82— total 3,3^7. 
CapiUil: Hartsville. 

Wruiut, p. o., Ottawa county, Mich.: 65 m. W. N. W. 
Lansing. 

Weigot. p. o., La Salle co., lU. : on Vermillion r., 104 m. 
X. X. E. Sprmglield. 

Wright, p. o., Greene county, hi'L: 66 m. S. W. by S. 
Indianapolis. 

Weight's Bluff, p. c, Sumter district, ,S'. Car.: 50 m. 
E. by S. Columbia. 

WuiGHTSHOEO,' p. v., Columbia co., Ga. : on a branch of 
Little r., tvi m. N. V.. Mill<-di:i-ville. It contains an academy 
and church. Pop, about 150. 

Wright's Counebs, p. o., Niagara co,, K. Y.: 262 m. 
W. by N. .Vlbany. 

Wi:innTsTow.v, p. v., Burlington cotiidy, N'. Jcr.; on X. 
branch of Crosswiclc's cr., 15 m. S, S. E. Trenton. 

Whigutsvili.k, p. b., York co., Penn.: on W. bank of 
Subquchanna r., 2t m. S. E. ILarhsburg. It is connected 
with ('oluiul)ia, on the opposite side of the river, by a bridge 
5.690 feet long. The York and Wrightsville U. U. cxUmds 
hence to York. Pop. about 750. 

WRiun-reviLi.K, p. v., Loane co., T:-nn.: on 8. side of 
Tennessee r, 132 m. E. by S. Nashville. 

Wrightsville, p. v., Pontotoc county, J/(V. ; 140 in. 
X. K. by X. Jackson. 

Wrightsvillk, p. v., Clinton county, A' Y.: 140 m. N. 
Albany. 

949 



WUR 



XEN 



WiTRTr-MitKiio, p. v., Lawrence counly, Peiin. : 174 m. 
W. by N. Ilarrisburg. 

WiTETsiJoncV I'- ^'-1 Sullivan co., K Y.: SG m. S. 8. W. 
Albany. It conlnins 2 cburches and several slort-s. In the 
vicinity is a valuable lead mine. The Delaware and Hud- 
son Canal passes near this place. 

Wyacomi>a, p. 0., Scotland co., Jilo. : 127 m. N. Jeflferaon 
City. 

"Wyakomisg lake and river. La Toitite co., Wific. : the 
lake in S. central portion of the county is S m. l«»n^, of 
varying width. The river is ils ouUel, flows \V., and is the 
prii-ipal head branch of St. Croix riVL-r. 

Wyalusing, t. and p. o.. Brudford co., Petin-: 103 m. 
N. N. K. llarrisburg. Drained by Wyalusiug creek and 
branches. 

Wyalusino, p. v., Grant county, ^Yisc. : 76 m. "NY. by S. 
Madison. 

Wyandott county, MicJu Situate N. middle in the S. 
part of the Slate, and contains 576 sq. m. Drained by the 
Sheboygan and SkooawargunnisU rivers, whieli are received 
by large lakes in the N., and other considerable streams, 
the waters of all being discharged into llie Mackinaw straits. 
Surface generally even ; soil fertile. Set off since 1850, 

Wyandott county, Ohio. Situate toward tlie N. "\V., and 
contains 351 sq. m. Sandusky r. passes cenlrally through 
it, by which and by Tychraochte r. ancl other branches il is 
drained. Surface soinew}iat elevated; anil a fine deep 
mold, and is in general fertile. "Wheal, grain, and potatoes 
are the sla]>le9. Live-stock and grain are expurted. Tarms 
9'2S; manuf. 37; dwell. 1,064. and pop.— wh. 11,-^4:J, fr. col. 
49— total ll.'2'J2. Oipital: Uitper Sandusky. Puhtic 
Works: Mad Kivcr and Lake Erie K. li. ; Finlay Branch 
E. R. ; Ohio an<i Indiana R. R., etc. 

Wyandott, p. v., Wyandott co., Ohio: 51 ra. N. by W. 
Coiumbus. 

Wyandotte, p. o., Tippecanoe co., hid.: 55 m. N. W. 
Indianapolis. 

Wyanoke, sta., Amelia co.. Virg.: on Richmond and 
Danville R. R., 43 m. from Richmond. 

Wyatt, p. v., La Fayette co., Miss. : on N. side of Talla- 
hatchie r., 150 m. N. by E. Jackson. Pop. jibout 250, 

Wye river, ^^d.: flows between Talbot and Queen Ann 
counties, and enters Eastern bay of the Chesapeake by a 
broad estuary. 

Wye Mills, p. o., Talbot co., 3£il. : on S. bank of Wye r.. 
25 m. E. by S. Annapolis. 

Wykkktuws, p. v., Sussex co., K. Jer. : Go m. X. Trenlon. 

Wylliesdurg, p. o., Charlotte CO., Vii'g. : 75 m. W. S. W. 
Richmond. 

Wynant, p. 0., Shelby county, Ofuo: C9 m. W. X. W. ui 
Columbus. 

W^TNANTSKiLT,, p. V., Rensselaer eo.. X. Y. : on creek of 
same name, 7 m. E. N. E. Alb;iny. 

Wyncoop's Creek, p. c, Chemung co., N. Y.: lfi(» m 
W'. by S. Albany. 

Wynn, p. o., Franklin county, Ind.: CO miles E. S. K. 
Indianapolis. 

Wyookna, t. and p. o., Columbia co., 1I75C. ; 30 m. N. by E. 
Madison. Soil fertile prairie land, with some growih of 
timber. Drained by Duck cr. and small streams. Popu- 
lation 50G. 

Wyoming county, N. K Situate W., and contains 5S0 
sq. m. Drained by Allen, Cayuga, Tonawanda, Seneca, 
and other creeks. Surface undulating, and forminij for 
the moat part a series of elevated ()lain3 or terraces; soil 
fertile, and particularly so along the valley of the Oeiu'see. 
being a gravelly loam, moist, and a<lapled to grain, etc.; 
tlie S. portion is best suited for grazing. Chief productions, 
wheat, oals, and potatoes. It contains some minerals, and 
some fossil shells and vegetable substances. Agriculture is 
the leading pursuit. Good water-power is sup] died by the 
fiilis of the Genesee. Farms ^.Blio: manuf. 2D9; dwell. 
D,913, and pop.— wb. 31,935, fr. col. 40— total 31,081. Cop- 
- 950 



ital: Warsaw. Public Works: Buffalo and Kew York 
City K. IL; Genesee Valley It. R. ; Genesee Valley Canal. 

Wyoming county, Peim. Situate N.E.,and contains 455 
sq. m. Susquehanna river passes centrally through it, by 
which and its branches it is drained. Surface varied, being 
pleasantly diversifled with low hills and ferlilc valleya ; s<m1 
in parts very fertile. SlapUs, wheal, corn, and potatoes. 
It has gtiod pasturage, on which nunibers of cattle and hogs 
are fed. Anthracite coal is found. Farms S95 ; manuf. 59 ; 
dwell. 1,834, and pop.— wh. 10,650, fr. col. 5— toUil 10,055. 
C<v>i("i."Tunkhannock. Public Works: Lackawannaand 
Western R. R. ; North Branch Canal, elc. 

Wyoming county, Virg. Erected from Logan co. in 
1S50. Situate W., and contains 1,342 sq. m. Dr lined by 
head branches of Guyandotte r., branches of Tug fork of 
Sandy r. and Camp cr. Surface much broken and hilly, in 
parts mouulainous; soil various, generally adapted to graz- 
ing. Chief products, wheat and Indian corn. Farms l&S ; 
manuf. ; dwell. 24S, and pop.— wh. 1,5S3, fr. coL 1, si. 01 — 
total 1,645. Ci-ipittil: Wyoming. 

Wyoming, p. v., Stark co., 2U, : on E. side Spoon r., S5 m. 
N. by W. Springfield. 

Wyoming, sta., Middlesex county, J/rt*s; on Boston and 
Maine R. R., m. from Boston. 

Wyoming, p. v., Wyoming co., A^. 11; on W. bank of 
Allen's cr., 229 m. \V. Albany. It contains three churches, 
an academy, several stores, etc Pop. about 700. 

Wyoming, p. v., Luzerne co., Penn. : on W. side of Sus- 
quehanna r., So in. N. E. by Is. llarrisburg. 

W'yo.ming, p. v., Dinwiddie county, Virg. ; on N. side of 
Nottoway r., 4^i m. S. S. W. Richmond. 

Wyoming, t and p. o., Iowa co., Wise: 32 m. W. Mad- 
ison. Drained by Pipe cr. and other small streams which 
flow into Wisconsin r. Fop. 206. 

Wysox, t. and p. o., Bradford co., Penn. : 105 m. N. by E. 
llarrisburg. Surface hilly. Drained by Wysox and Rum- 
fleld creeks. The t. contains several grist and saw mills. 
Pop. about 2,000. 

Wythe county, Vtt'CF. Situate toward the S.W., and con- 
tains 57S sq. m. Drained by New r. and ib branches, and 
branches of Holston r. Surface level, somewliat elevated, 
forming a table land ; soil fertile, making good pasture. 
Chief products, wheat, oats, and Indian corn. Farms 6G3; 
manuf. 22; dwell. 1,631, and pop.— wh. 9,613, fr. col. 221, 
si. 2.1S5— total 12,024. Capital: Wytheville. Public Works: 
Virginia and Tennessee R. R. 

Wythe, p. o., Hancock coimty, PL : 00 m. W. N. W. of 
Springfield. 

W^YTiiEviLLE, p. v., and cap. Wythe Co., Virg.: 195 ra. 
W. liy S. Richmond. It contains the county buildings, one 
bank, several stores, etc. The *' Republican and Consliiu- 
ti<jna)i8t" (dem.) is issued weekly. The Virginia and Ten- 
nessee R. R. passes through this place. Pop. about OUO. 



X. 



Xf-nia. t., p. v., sta., and cap. Greene co., OJiio : 47 m. 
W. S. W. Columbus. The township is large, and contains 
some of the ni«i.Ht fertile land in the Slate. Drained by 
Lillle Miami r. and branches, one of which, Shawnee creek, 
flows through the v., situate near the centre of the t. The 
V. is regularly laid <Hit, with streets crossing each other at 
right angles, and is generally well built. It contains hand- 
some county buildings of brick and stone, a bank, and 5 
churches. The '' Xenia Torch Light" (w hig) is here pub- 
lished. The railroads here centermg are Little Miami 
R. R., from Cincinnati 05 m. ; Coiumbus and Xenia R. R., 
55 m. ; Dayton and Xenia R. R.. 15 m. : each of which is 
but a portion of extended and very important routes. Pop. 
of V. in 1S4'1, about 1.200: in ISSi), about 2,200; pop. of t. 
incUirling v., in 1540, 4.013: in ISoO, 7,050. 

Xr.siA. p. o,. Clay county, ///. ; 95 miles S. E. by S. 
&I)ringfteld. 



XPIl 



YAZ 



X. Praiiue, p. 0., Noxubee co., Mias. : V12 m. N. E. by E. 
Jaclisr>a. 



Y. 



Tapkiv river, N". Cnr.: rises in the Rliie Tti-lE;*^, flows 
K. ririi S. K. tlirnngii llie SUitf. into S.mtli C:irnliii;i, wln'ii 
it l.-ikcs (hf name of Great IVlof r.. nnii! it empliea into 
Winyarii liay. w^at (icnrKOlown. In Moiitj^nmL-ry county 
it passes throui;h the " Narra\v«." where it is contra<-te»l in 
width from GOO lo ion feet. It is nuvigahle for l)o:iu an<i 
small vesseW (hrou2;hoat the irre.iter part of its murse. 

Yakima rivi-r, Or.'j. T-r.: rises in the ('asra'Ie Uano'e. 
flows S. S. E. and E..an(l empties into Columbia rivur, near 
the conQucriee of Lewis river. 

Yale, p. o., Jasper co., TU. : S.^i m. S. E. SpringfieM. 

Y'aT-Labusha county, J/'/Vs.s'. Situate towanl the X., liUfi 
contains S07 t*q.ni. Yallabnslia r. passes through the S. por- 
tion from E. to W., by which antl its branches it is drained. 
Surface unclulalin^ and somewhat elevated; soil a deep 
rich mold, very fertile, and produces fine crops of grain and 
potatoes, it is also favorable to the growth of cotton, which 
is produced abundantly, and is one of the staples. Farms 
ST'J: mannf. 32; dwell. 1,491. and pop.— wh. S.Go2, fr. col. 
9, si. S.5:tT— total lT,*2o?. Cfipitdl: CoffeevUle. J'ublic 
Wor^s : Missi.^sippi Central K. E. 

Yam Hill county, Oreg. Ter. Divided, from Clatsop and 
■Washington counties by a line on the parallel of Cape Look- 
out to the Willamette river, an. I from Tollc and Marion 
counties by a line on the parallel of the mouth of Yaquiua 
river, a smull stream of the raeifi.' Ocean which lies on the 
^V. The E. line is the Willamette and Drift cr., one of its 
affluents from the S. Drained chietly by Yam Hill and 
Chohalem rivers, tributaries of the Willamette from the W. 
The county has immense water-power and flue a^^rieultiir.'il 
resources. Farms 145; manuf. 4: dwell. 2VX and pop. — 
wh. 1,511, fr. col. 1— totiU 1,512. Ccpital: Lafayette. 

Ya-mi-a river, Utah Ter. : rises on W. side of the Rocky 
nots., and flows W'. to its confluences with Green river. 

Yanahv, p. o., Oktibbeha county, Mins.: 112 m. N. E. 
Jackson. 

Y.\ncey county, N". Car. Situate W., and contains GST 
sq. in. Drained by Noliehucky r. and its branches. Sur- 
face elevated anil mountainous; soil in p.-irls fertile, and 
adapted to the cultivation of grain and ttther ai^ri cultural 
productions. It contains a copperas mine. Black mt., ele- 
vated G.476 feet above the ocean level, is wilbin the limits 
of Ibis county. Farms 970; manuf. 10; dwell. 1,322, and 
pop.— wh. 7,S09, fr. col. 50, si. :3-lt;— total S,2u5. CapiUd : 
Bumsville. 

Yaxcky's Mills, p. o., Albemarle county, Mrg.: 75 m. 
W. N. W. Kichmon.i. 

TAseEYviLLE, p. v., and cap. Caswell oo., .V! Car. : fiO m. 
N. W. Raleigh. It contains the county buiMinjjs. l*op. 
about 300. 

YANnANNA, p. o., Georgetown district, S. Car.: 100 m. 
E. S. E. Columbia. 

Yaxkf.f.Hill. p.o.,Menardco, /7/.;lGm. N.W. SprinfffieM. 

Yankee Settlement, p. o., Delaware ci>., hi. : (ju m. N. 
Iowa City. 

Yankee Springs, t. and p. o., Barry oo,, Mich.: 44 m. 
W, by S, Lansing:. Drained by branches of Thoruappio r. 
Pop. in l-^to. 130 ; in 1S.'jO. 2U± 

Yankektown, P.O.. Darke CO., Ohio: 84 m.W. Columbus. 

Yantic, p. V. and sla.. New London co., Conn. : on Vau- 
tir river, and New London, WUlimantic. and Palmer U. K., 
10 m. from New London, 50 m. from I'almer, 31 m. E. S. E. 
Hartford. It hx*i several factories. 

Yantio river. New London co., Co/m. : is formed in Le- 
banon t. by 3 branches, flows E. ami S. E.. and below Nor- 
wich empties into Thames r. One mile nliovc lis mouth it 
has a beautiful fall of 11 feel over a rocky precipice, alTordin? 
great water power, improved by numerous manufactories. 



Yapiiank, p. o. and sta., Sufl"olk co., JY. )'. .■ on Long 
Island i:. i:., m m. from New York. 15S ra. S. 8. E. Albany 

Yarhleyvillr, J). v., IJucks co., Pemi.: on W. bank of 
Delaware river, 102 m. E. Ilarrisburg. It contains several 
stores and mills. A ferry here crosses the Delaware. Pop. 
.ll'OUt loO. 

Yaruvilt.k, p. o.. Mercer co., N. Jrr. : 6 m. E. Trenton. 

Yarmoi;tm, t.. p. v., ami sia, Cumberland co.,3/''. .- 41 m. 
S. S. W. ,\ugusi!t. Drained by a small stream wliieh 
alT'.rda water-pcnvcr. The Kennebec and Purilanrl U. E., 
and Atlantic ami St. Lawrence K. It., pass tliroui^h tho t., 
and conned 1 m. from the v., 12 m. from Portland, 47 m. 
from Ana;u-<ta. Pop. of t. 2.144. 

Yarmoi'tii, L arnl p. v., liarnstable county, .Va-ss-. ; G3 m. 
S. E. IJoslon. The t, extends across Cape Co<l, and has a 
sandy and sterile soil. It contains 4 thriving villages, each 
engaged in the (isln-rios ami coasting trade. The manufac- 
ture of salt is carried on extensively. Pop. of l. 2,ri0.5. 

Yarmouth Port, p. v., Barnstable co., J/irv.s. .■ (in inlet 
of Cape Cod bay. Gl miles S. K, lioslon. It contains 2 
churches, several stores, and 1 bank, cap. ;?3O0,OU0. The 
" Yarmoulh Kegister" (whig) is issued weekly. 

Yatks county, K Y. Situate W. centrally, and contains 
320 sq. m. Drained by Flint creek. West r.. Crooked lake 
outlet, and Big and llnck streams, the two latter flowing 
into Sfueca lake; much good water-power is supplied in 
their courses. Surface diversified by hills ami valleys, much 
of it being greatly elevatetl ; soil very fertile ; In S. portions 
a warm, clayey inoM prevailing, and productive in grain 
and fruits. It contains some good meadow land. Chief 
profiuctions. wheat, Indian corn, and potatoes. Here are 
some minerals, and a valuable sulphur spring. X brine 
spring, lately found near Dundee, iia'< proved productive, 
and yields a consiileraltle revenue. I'arma l.()73; manuf. 
Itio; dwell. 3.7.S4, and ])..p.— wh. 2(1.142, fr. aA. 14s— total 
S^.^po, CapWd : Pcnu Yan. J'ublic Works: Canaiidaigua 
ami Elmira K. K. 

Yates, L and p. v., Orleans co., X. Y. ; 1S2 ra. W. by N. 
All>aiiy. Drained by -lohnson's creek, flowing into Lake 
Ontario, which bounds it on the N. The v. on .Itihnson's 
cr. conlaius several mills and stores. Pop. of L 2.242. 

Yaticsvim.e. p. o., Yates co., N'. Y. : 232 m. W. Albany. 

Yatesville. p. o., Lunenburg co., Virff. : 61 m. S. W. 
Itichuiond. 

Yatton, p. v., Washington co., /(f. ; 14 m. S. Iowa City. 

Y'azuo county, Miss, Situate W. centrally, and contains 
731 sq. m. Drained by tributaries of Big I)l:ick and Yaz<H> 
rivers. Surface undulating; soil fertile, an<I well adai>led 
to grain. Chief productions, cotton and Indian corn. 
Farms 4G4 ; manuf. 17; dwell. 935, and pop.— wh, 4,oCt>, 
fr. col. — , si. 10,341i~total 14.41S. Capital : Benton. PulUc 
Works: Mississippi Central E. K. 

Yazoo river, J/mw. .- is formed at W. boundary of Carroll 
CO., by the confluence of Tallahatchee and Yallahuffha 
rivers, anti flows S. H. W'. in very meamlering course, 
about IfiO m. to its entrance into the Mississipjji river, near 
Vicksburg. This is an e-vccllcnl siream, affording v.y-^y nav- 
iiiation for steamhoals, of which a ronsideral)le number are 
constantly employed in the transiportation of cotton. 

Yazoo ^^'ity, p. city, and cap. Yazot) co., Mikk. ; on E. side 
of Yazoo r.. 40 rn. N. by \\. .Tackson. It is situated on a 
low hhilf. which, back of the city, rises to a very consider- 
able elev.'ttion. The main street follows iho river in bend- 
ing course, but the rest of (he city is laid nut with general 
regularity. The cmmty seat was removed to this place 
from Benton in 1S53. The court-house is an elegant struc 
lure of brick. There are 5 cbnn-hes, of which the J-lpiscopal 
Society has a handsome edifice. The bouses are chiefly 
built of wood, and are nr)t characterized for their elegance 
Tlie trade of the city is almost exclusively in cotton, of 
%\hieh from 75,Ooii t(. lOO.OoO bales are shipped anmially to 
New Orlijins. Th'-re are 3 steam saw-milN. with no oihi;r 
manufacturing eslablishniciits. A phmk-roud extends hence 

051 



YEL 



YON 



lo Benton, 10 milL-s. Twn lu-wspnpcrs, t)ic " Yazoo Dom- 
.K-rar- and "yuzoo City Whig,'' are issued weekly. Tup. 
about 2,000. 

Tell eovinty, ArA\ Situate W. centrally, and cnnlains 
1,027 sq. ni. Drjiiiicd by Petite Jean, and other tributaries 
of Arkansas, which forms its N. E. boundary, liurlace 
varied, in the S. E. being hilly, but in general it is level; 
soil fi^rlilo. and adapted lo grain. Colton and tobacco are 
produced in small quantities. Timber is found of a gornl 
quality, and there are some excellent coal beds. Farms 
330; manuf. 20; dwell. 473, and p.»p.— wh. 2,902, fr. coi. 
15, si. 424— tolal 3,841. Capital: Danville. 

Tell county, fa. Situate centrally, and contains CIS 
sq. ni. Dr.iincd by Des Moines river and its branches. 
Surface diversified by gentle swelling lands; soil fertile, 
and favorable to the cultivation of grain. It has good lim- 
ber and prairie land. Set off since ISoO. 

Tellow lake, Jefferson county, X. Y. : ICO miles N. "W. 
Albany. It is 4 m. long, ^ m. wide, and abounds with ex- 
cellent flsh. 

Tellow river, Inr7. : rises in N. "W. part of Koscuisko 
CO., flows W. S. "NV. and W., and empties into English lake. 
It is about 60 m. long, and in high water is navignble 30 or 
40 miles.. Its average width below Plymouili is 100 feet. 
Its course is not generally rapid, bul it atlords considerable 
water-power. 

Tellow BRANcn, p. c, Campbell co., Virg. : on branch 
of Taunton r., 91 m. W. by S. liidimond. 

Tellow Bud, p. o., Eoss co., Ohio : 42 m. S. Columbus. 

Yellow Bush, p. c, Chickasaw county, Miss, : 12S m. 
N.N.E. Jackson. 

Tellow Creek, p. c, Knox co., -ff>/. ; on stream of same 
name, 126 m. S. E. by S. Frankfort. 

Tellow Ckeee, t. and p. v., Chariton co., Jfo.: S9 ra. 
X. ^y. by N. Jefferson City. Drained by Tellow creek. 

Tellow Creek, p. o., Lumpkin co., Oa. : 120 m. N.N.W. 
Milledgeville. 

Tellow Creek, p. v., Tishemingo co., Miss. : 206 m. 
X E. by N. Jackson. 

Tellow Cpjiek, p. c, Stephenson co., JiL; 1C9 m. N. 
Springfleld. 

Tellow Creek Fl'rnace, p. o., Montgomery co., Term. : 
35 m. W,N. W. Nashville. 

Tellow Head Grove, p. o., "Will county, IlL : 144 miles 
N. E. by E. Springfield. 

Tellow Mountain, p. c, Tancey co., 2i. Car. : 203 m. 
W. Ealeigh. 

Tellow Kiter, p. v., Gwinnett co., Ga.: on Tellow r., 
"S m. N. "W. Milledgeville. 

Yellow Hiyer, p. o., Marshall county, Incl. : 102 m. N. 
Indianapolis, 

Tellow Spring, p. o., Johnson county, Ind. : 12 m. S. 
Indianapolis. 

Tellow Spring, p. v., Dcs Moines co., la.: 4Sm. S.S.E. 
Iowa City. 

Tellow Spring, p. v., Hampshire county, Virg. : 145 m. 
N.W. by N. liielimond. 

Tellow Sj'ring, p. v., Blair co., Petin. : 72 ra. "W. by N. 
Harrisburg. In the vicinity is a hot-blast charcoal furnace, 
with annual capacity of 1.400 tons, employing 100 men ; 
also 1 charcoal forge, which in 1349 made 400 tons of 
blooms, employing 30 men. 

Tellow Springs, p. v. and sta., Greene co., Ohio : on 
the Little Tiliami K. 11., 72 miles from Cincinnati, 47 miles 
'^. by S, Columbus. It is pleasantly situated, and contains 
a sulphur spring, which is much resorted to in the summer. 

Tellow Springs, p. o., Claiborne county, 7'tnn. : 190 m. 
E. by N. Nashville. 

Tellow Stone, p. o., Paulding co., Ga : 132 m. X. W. 
by W. Milledgeville. 

Tellow Stork, p. o., Hawkins co., Tenn. : 212 m. E. of 
Nashville. 

Tellow Water river, Ala, and Fl-yr. : rises in Covington 
952 



CO., Ala., flows S. S. W. and S. W., and empties into Telloif 
Water bay of Pensaeola bay. 

Tellvili.e, p. v.. and cap. Marion co., Ark. : on N. side 
of Crooked cr., a iribntary of "While r., 102 m. N. by W. Little 
Itock. It coniains a court-house and jail. Pop. about 1(10. 

Telvington, p. v., Daviess co., Ky. : 182 m. W. by S. of 
Frankfort. 

VnocoMico river. Virg. : a branch of Potomac r., separ- 
ating Northumberland and "Westmoreland counties. 

Teocomico, U. S. collection dist., Virg. : total tonnage on 
June 30, 1850, amounted to 3,2S4 tons, all of whivli was era- 
ployed in the coasling-trade. During the year one vessel, 
a schooner of 57 tons, was built. 

Tnol'ski, p. o., Kalamazoo CO., MioJi. : 61 m. S. "W. by"W. 
Lansing. 

ToC'>Nv, p. o., Itawamba co., Miss. : 1S6 m. N. E. by N. 
Jackson. 

Toct7M Station, p. o., Lee co., Virg. : 319 m. "W. by S. 
Uichmond. 

ToGU-MTOWN, p. v., Tork co., Penn. : 17 ra. S. Harrisburg. 

Y'onoGANY, p. 0., Westmoreland co., renii. : 136 m. W. 
Harrisburg. 

ToLo county, Calif, Occupies tiie tract between the 
Sacramentf. r. and Pulah or., and the Coast Kange. TJie 
N. boundary is a line on the parallel of 39° 20. N. latimde, 
meeting the Sacramento about 3 m. below Colusi. Drained 
by Cache and oilier creeks of Clear lake, and several 
streams falling into the Saeramento and I'utah. Tliere are 
several lakes in the co.— Washington, 3 m. by ^ in.; Clear, 
6 m. by 2 m. ; and Tule, i ra. by i m. The principal settle- 
ments are Washington, Fremont, Cach6 Creek, Cottonwood, 
Merrit, and Putah. Pop. in 1S52, 1,307 ; whites 1,274 — 
males 1,0S5, and females 180— negroes 11, molatloes 3, In- 
dians 152— males loy, and females 43 ; foreign residents S6 — 
males S3, and females 3. Over 21 years of age— citizens 
1,01C, negroes 10, mulattoes 3, Indians 90, and foreigners 51. 
It is one of the best agricultural counties in the Slate, and 
produces Jarge quanlilies of truck for the city markets. 
Aeres in cultivation, 3,846. Mining is but a subordinate 
occupation. Capital : Fremont. 

ToNCALA, p. v., Benton co., Oreg. Ter. : on S. bank of 
Elk r., 92 nL S. by W. Salem. 

Tongcesville, p. V. and sta.. Fairfii-ld dist., S. Car. : on 
Charlotte and South Carolina Kailroad, 32 miles N. by "W. 
Columbia, P(ip. about 1(J0. 

VoNUBRS, t. and p. v., Westchester co., AK Y.: 132 m. S. 
Albany. Drained by Bronx r. on the E., and by Saw-Mill 
or Nepperhan r., an atlluent of the Hudson, which latter 
forms itsW. border. Surface somewhat uneven and broken ; 
soil clay and sandy loam, generally well cultivated. It is 
one of the ploasantest tiud most healthy towns on the Hud- 
st>n. and of late years has been selected by great numbers 
of the merchants of New Tork city as a suitable residence 
for their families. The v., on Nepperhan r., ha* been rapidly 
built up with substantial and splendid dwellings, and has 
also several extensive manufacturing establishments and 
mechanic shops. A steam bedstead factory, one of Iho 
largest in the Union, and two very extensive hat factories, 
are found here; while on the river are two grist-mills and 
many sho])s which are operated by water-power. Tonkers 
has six churches- 1 lloman Catholic,! Episcopal, 2 BajUist, 
and 2 Presbyterian. There are also in the v. two af ademiea 
for females, and one for boys, and two public seliool.s. The 
business of the place is extensive, it being a pi-inl of supply 
and deposit for a rich back country. It has .in ainple rivi-r 
front and several landings, which aff"rd every facility to 
steambf)at3 and river craft; and the Huitson Itiver K. E., 
whieh passes through the t. on the immediate bank of ibo 
river, secures frc(iuent comnumication witli New Tork ciiy, 
14 or 15 passenger cars passing up and down during [lie 
day. Three steamboats ply daily on the Hudson bclweeu 
the two places. For the accommodation of visitors, there 
is a Bpkndid hotel at llic corner of Broadway and Mochanic 



YOR 



Voil 



Slriiv^t, fronting nn buih, miJ conlaiuing between 50it ami 
80(1 rmims. Aiiaclud lo the liuiel is a fine hall, usiul for ex- 
hibitions, thua(ricai3, It-clures, etc, Tln-ro arc oilier IioIl-Is 
an<l tavtrns in various parts. IJroadway is Uic principal 
seat of retail trade, anil not a fuw of the stores rival in as- 
sortriienl and elegance those of Ntw York city. Oa tho 
same avenue stands the market-house, which is wull pro- 
vided with sulistantials and luxuries in tlitir scjusous. Tho 
Cruton Aqueduct pasaes ihroiigli the v., and some of the 
streets are arched over for that purpose. Yonkers, iudeed, 
has a!l the eharms of a fine and varied country, and at the 
sanie time all the acconmiodalions of a city ; and society at 
tills jilace has many ornaments, and is endowed willi all the 
advantages of weallli. learning, and refinement. Pup. of I. 
iu ISiO. '2,9(iS, and in 1?5U, 4,10*1. The ^ iliage at the present 
time Cl^-j) is supposed to have a poi)ulaliou equal tu that 
of ihc whole t'twn iu l!>50. 

York county, Jh: Situate S. W.. and conlains S22 sq. m. 
Drained by Saco and Monsain rivers aud tlieir branches, 
and aftluents of Piscalaqua r.. which runs on iU -S. W. bor- 
der. Surface uneven and diversified, with nnnnTims lakes, 
which add beauty to the scenery vt the surrounding conn- 
try; soil in tlie interior is fertile and productive, but border- 
ing on the shore is rou£;h aud rocky, and unfit for culliva- 
tion. Siaplcs, vvlicat, Indian corn, and potatoes. On the 
S. K.^ along the Atlantic shore, are excellent harbors, wliich 
afford good advantages for navigation and the fisheries; 
there are also several light-houses. Farms 5,(IU4 ; manuf. 
352; dwell. 10,564. and pop.— wh. 60,0ti:), fr. Col. 36— t.>tal 
Cu,lOl. Capital: Alfred. Public Workji: Portland, Saco, 
and Portsmouth R. K. ; York aud Cumberland it. K., etc. 

YoKiv Cijuuty, 7V«/i. Situate S. toward the W.. and con- 
tains N-Sl eq. ra. Drained by Conewago. Codorus, and Yel- 
low Breeches creeks, tributaries of Susquehanna r., which 
flows on its N. E, border. Surface uneven ; soil in most 
parts is very fertile, and produces in abundance wheal, grain, 
and potau>i^s: fine crops of tobacco are also raised. It has 
good timber and excellent pasturage for cattle. Live-stock 
and grain are exporteil ammally. Karrus 3,734; manuf. 
533 ; dwell. 9,^*2", and pop.~wh. h^Mi, fr. col. 1,120— total 
.'>T,4:)0. Capital: York. Pid'Hc Works: York and (.'um- 
berl:iu'l i;. U. ; lialtimorc and Sii^tpn luinnaK. li. ; lliniover 
Branch K. U. ; York and Gettysburg U. K. ; Susquehanna 
and Tide-Water Canal. 

YoiiK district, ,s". Car. Silaale N-. and contains 731 sq. m. 
Drained by King's, Bullock's, Turkey, and Bulfalo creeks, 
principtd brandies of Broad and Catawba rivers. Surface 
an extended plain, inclining on both sides a little lo the 
Catawba and JJniad rivers; soil fertile. Chief productions, 
cotton and Indian corn. Farms 1.252; manuf. 30; dwell. 
2,19'i, aTKl pop.— wh. 11,300. fr. col. 126, si. S,0ij7— total l!).43;i. 
Cajiit'il: Yorkville. , PhW/c; Worhn : Charlotte and South 
Carolina li. 11. ; King's Mountain U. U., etc. 

Yoiiic counly, Virg. Situate toward the S. E., occupying 
the middle portion of the peninsula between James and 
York rivers. It contains 132 sq. m. Drained by i*mall 
streams which flow into York r. and James r. Surface 
even and diversified : soil fertile. Chief productions, wheat 
and Indian corn. Farms 101 ; manuf. ; dwelt. 442, and 
pop.— wh. I,v25, fr. col. 4,'>4, si. 2,1S1— total 4,460. Oopikd : 
York town. 

Yor.K. p. v., Fayette county, Ga. : SO miles V\\ N. W. of 
Milledgeville. 

YoKK. t. and p. 0., Tnion co., Ohio: 42 m. N. AV. by N. 
Columbus. Drained by Busli an<I Boques creeks i;f Sciota 
river. Pop. of t. in IS40, 431^ ; in 1850, S31. 

YouK, p. v.. Walker co., Ala. : on E. side of Lost creek, 
110 in. X. W. by N. Montgomery. 

YoKK, t. and p. v., Dane co., Wi.-ic. : 20 m. X. E. Madison. 
A projecte-l railroad from Madison to Fond du Lac will [)ass 
thr<M)gh the V, Pup. of I. G15. 

Y<tRK. t-. p. v.. and port of entry, York co.. .!/<■. ; 04 m. 
S. S. W. Auguslii. The t. Las a diversified surface and soil. 



The v. on N. bank of York r. is regularly laid out, with 
slreetscn.-siiig at right angles. Lat. 433 lu' .N., lung. Tij- 40 
W. It was formerly the capital of the county. Us harbor 
admits vessels of 25u tons. The tonnage of lliis dislricl on 
June 3mh, 1.S50, was 1,361 tons, :dl of the class "enn-Il.-d 
and licensed,"' which w:is em[>loyed chiefly in the coasiing- 
trade, but pnrlly in the cod and mackerel fisheries. During 
llie ye:ir previous, 2 vessels. 1 brig and 1 schooner, were 
built— 253 tons. Pop. of I. 2,0Si). 

'YoitK, p. v., Gibson co., Ind. : 120 m. S. W. by S. Indian- 
apolis. The Evansville and Illinois It. K. p;isies a little W. 
of this place. 

YoKK. p. v., Crawford co., JU.: on W. side of Wabash 
river. 115 ni. K. S. K. Si)ringlleld. It eoninins several stores 
and mills. Pc.p. about 5ii0. 

Yoiiii, t. and p. o., Waslitenaw co., Mi.^h. .- 01 m. S. E. 
Lansing. Drained by small creeks of Biiisin river. Popu- 
lation l,3bU. 

YoitK, t. and p. v., Livingston co., iV. 5'. .■ 220 m. W. Al- 
bany. Drain. -d by branches of (icnesee river, whieh forms 
Its K. boundary, an.! aLuig which the Genesee Valley Canal 
passes. Pop. of t. 2,7''5. 

Yoi'.K, p. b., and eap. York co., Pnin.: 21 m. S. S. E. 
narrisbnrg. Lat. 39^ 5s' N., long. 7(1 Mo' W. It is regu- 
larly laid oni, with streets crossing e;udi oiIkt at right angU-s. 
It. contains several handsome county builduigs. builtof brick 
and atone, ami 13 churches. There are two baides. with 
aggregate capital of $;i20,000. It carries on exieusive man- 
ufactures, and Ikis considerable trade. The York and Cum- 
berland li. U . from Ilarrisburg 25 m., here comiects with 
the Baltininre :ind Snsipu-banna 11. B. henccr lo BaUiuiore, 
57 m.; and the York and Wrightsville It. li. extends !o 
Wrightsville, on Su*quelianna r., connecting with Pinladil- 
phia aiul Columbia B. B. lis newspaper pr<'ss in ls50 con- 
sisted of "Penn. Bepublican"' (whig), " People's Advocate"' 
"Democratic Press.'' and tho *' Y"rk Gaze(le''(whig). i)rint- 
ed both in the Knglisli and German languages; all i.ssuetl 
weekly. Pop. aliout 6,0110. 

Youic river, York co., J/i-. ; in S. pari of York 1.. flowing 
E. into the Atlantic, which it enters by a br^ad mouih. al- 
fiirding (or eight miles good barbitrag'- lor \esselsof 2u() ii»us. 

YoiiK river. V/rg.: is formed at S. E. exiremiiy of King 
William co., by the confluence of Pamunkey and .Matiajiony 
rivers. It is about 30 m. long, and is navigable for large ves- 
sels. At (ieorgelown it is 1 m. wi<ie, aflbrding the best har- 
bor in Virginia. Below Gi'orgelown its witlih increases grad- 
ually until It enters Chesapeake bay, where it is 3 m. wide. 

Yni:K Ci;ntke, p. o., Du Page co., Jll. : IGO m. N. E. by X. 
Springfield. 

YuKt: IIavi:n, p. v., York co., Penn.: on S. W. bank of 
Susiiuchanna r., 12 m. S. E. Ilarrisburg. CoiK-wago er. 
here enters the Susquehanna, aud by its falls above aflords 
good water-power. Tlie York and Cumberland Bailroad 
passes through the place. 

York Noitin Bi;)oh, p. o., Sandusky co., Ohio: 94 m. N. 
Cohmibus. 

YoitKsnir.F-. t. and p. v.. f'atiarnugus eo., X. V. : 250 m. 
W. Albany. Drained by C'attaraiigus creek and bramdies. 
Surface of 1. level ; s..il IVriiK The v., situate on S. side of 
Caltaraugus cr., contains a church and sever.al stores. Pop. 
of t. 2.010. 

Y(>i:k SofTU BinGE, p. o., Sandusky co., Ohio: 92 m. N. 
Columbus. 

YoKii Sulphur Sprixcs, p. v., A<Iams co., Pi/m. : 20 ni. 
S. S. W. Ilarrisburg. These springs possis^ v.-iluable niedi- 
cinal properties. a?id are of much resort in summer from 
Philadelphia and BaUimore. 

YojtKTowN. p. v. and sl.i., Delaware co., Ind.: on the 
Indianapolis and Belhfontaine It. P., 4S m. X. E. from 
In.lianapolis. The West f..rk «.f While r. flows near the v. 
and rer-eivrs Buck cr., eacdi of whieh afford water-])ower) 
impri'veil by hirge mills. Pop, abnul 3i)0. 

YoitKTows, t. and p. o., West Chester co., X, Y. : 94 ra. 

953 



YOR 



YDTB 



S. Albany. Drained by Croton r. and branches, from which, 
Ijy means of a dam, 250 feet long, and 40 feet liigli, is (brnied 
C'rolon Pond, which supplies New York city with water. 
Pop. of t. 2.273. 

YoEKTowN, p. o., Bureau Co., III. : 120 m. N. Springlleld. 

YoKKiow.s, p. v., De Witt county, Tex. : 84 m. 8. by E. 
Austin Cily. 

Yoi'.KTowN, p. v., port of entry, and cap. York co., Vlrg. : 
on .■•. side of York river, 55 miles E. S. E. Richmond. 
Lai. 37° 1.3' N.; long. 76° 84' W. It contains the county 
buililings and several stores. The tonnage of Yorktown 
district on .June 30th, 1S50, was 4,S07 tons, all <if which was 
em])U>yed in the coasting trade. Vessels built during the 
year preceding, 2, schooners — 61 tons. Yorktown was in- 
c.irporatcd in 1705. Among its buildings are soine of the 
oldest in Virginia. It is ever memorable in American 
history, as the place where Lord Cornwallis surrendered to 
the American forces, October 19th, 17S1, which glorious 
event was the moans of terminating the Eevolutionary War. 

YoBKviLLE, p. v., Pickens CO., Ala. : 134 m. N. W. by W. 
Montgomery. 

Yoi'.KviLLE, p. v., Dearborn county, Jnd.: TO m. 8. E. 
Indianapolis. 

YoF.iiviLLE, p. v., Kalamazoo county, Mich. : 50 m. 
S. W. by W. Lansing. 

YoiiKviLLE, p. v., and cap. York dist., S. Car. : on branch 
of IJroad r., 63 m. N. by W. Columbia. It contains the 
county buildings, an academy, and 3 churches. The King's 
Mountain E. H. extends hence to Chester, 22 miles. Tlie 
" Y. Miscellany" (democrat) is issued weekly. Population 
about S50. 

YoP.Kvn.i.E, p. v., Gibson county, Temi. : on a branch of 
Oliion r., 123 m. W. Nashville. 

Yor.KviLLE, t. and p. v., Kaclne CO., Wise. : 7S m. E. S. E. 
Madison. Drtiined by Des Plaines r. Surface undulating; 
soil fertile. The v. is pleasantly situated and neatly builL 
Pop. of t. 998. 

YoEKViLLB, p. v.. New York eo.. If. Y. .■ on the ITarlem 
l:. K., 5 m. N. N. E. City Hall, New York. This flourish- 
ing suburb, properly a part of the city, is on the 3d and 4tli 
avenues, between Silth and 100th streets. In conmlon with 
all cdher parts of New York island, the increase of the pop- 
ulation, and the erection of new buildings are rapidly 
advancing. It contains several churches, and numerous 
manufactures. It is in the 121h ward of the city. 

Youcn Gl.vdes. p. o., Alleghany co., Jfd. : on N. side of 
Deep cr., near its junction with Youghiogheny r., 151 m. 
W. by N. Annapolis. 

YouGiiioGiiENY river, 3/(?. and Penn. : is formed in the 
W. part of Alleghany co., Md., by the confluence of several 
creeks, flows N. and N. W.. and empties into Monongahela 
river, IS m. 8. E. Pittsburg. It is navigable to the Ohio- 
pyle Falls, 30 ra. from its mouth, where it has a perpendicular 
<lescent of 20 feet, which in high water presents a very in- 
teresting appearance. 

YoUNO, p. o., M'Donough county. III. : SO miles N. W. 
Springlleld. 

YoUiVO Case. p. o.. Union county, Ga. ; 143 m. N. N. W. 
Milledgeville. 

Y'oUxSGer's, p. o., Boone county, Mo. : 33 m. N. Jefferson 
Cily. 

Young Hickoky, p. o., Will coimty. III.: 143 m. N. E. 
Springfield. 

Yoir.NG Hickory, p. o., Muskingum co., Ohio : 54 m. E. 
Columbus. 

Yon.vo Hickoev, p. o., Washington county, Wi,ic. : 03 m. 
E. N. E. Madison. 

YotNG'8 Cross Uoads, p. o., Granville co.. A'". Cor. : 5S m. 
N. Raleigh. 

Yim;ng's Point, p. o., Madison parish, Za. : 125 m. N. 
Baton Rouge. 

YorxG's Settlement, p. o., Bastrop county, Tex. : 29 m. 
E. S. E. Austin City. 
964 



Young's Stork, p. o., Laurens district, S. Car. : 72 m. 
N. W. by W. Columbia. 

YocxGSTowN, p. v. and port of delivery, Niagara county, 
A^ y. : on E. side of Niagara r., near its entrance into Lake 
Ontario, 276 m. W. by N. Albany. It is a landing-place for 
passengers to and from the lakes, and communication is 
had with Newark v., Canada, by means of a ferry for some 
time established here. It is a place of much historical 
interest as connected with the late war with the British. In 
the vicinity is Fort Niagara, celebrated in the French war ; 
and opposite, in Canada, is Fort George. Population 
about 550. 

YouNGSTOTTS, i and p. v., Mahoning co., Ohio: 13S m. 
N. E. by E. Columbus. Drained by Mahoning river and 
branches. Surface of t. nearly level ; soil fertile. The v. 
is situate on the N. side of the r., on the Pennsylvania and 
Ohio Canal, and has considerable trade. Pop. of t. 8,002. 

YouNGSTOwN, p. b., Westmoreland CO., Penn.: between 
head branches of Loyalhanna r., 127 m. W. Ilarrisburg. 
It is pleasantly situated, and contains several stores, mills, 
etc. Pop. about 600. 

YouNGsviLLE, p. V., Tallapoosa co., Ala. : 43 m. N. N. E. 
Montgomery. 

YouNGsviLLE, p. 0., SuUivan co.. A! Y.: 81 m. S. W. 
Albany. 

Yoti.ngsville, p. v., Warren county, Penn.: on Broken 
Straw cr., about 3 m. from its mouth, 167 m. N. W. by W. 
Ilarrisburg. It lies in the midst of a fertile and highly cul- 
tivated country, and is on the line of the projected Sunbury 
and Erie R. R. The ■' Youngsvillc E.\press" (independent) 
is issued weekly. Pop. about 400. 

YOUNGSVILLE, p. o., Adams county, Ohio : S5 m. S. by W. 
Columbus. 

YouNG WoMANsTowN. p. V., Clinton co., Penn. : on N. 
side of W. branch of Susquehanna r.. So m. N. W. by N. 
Harrisburg. 

Yoi'NTSviLLE, p. v., Montgomery county, Ind. : 45 m. 
W. N. W. Indianapolis. 

YrsiLANTi, L. p. v., and sta., Washtenaw CO., Mieli. : GO m. 
S. K. Lansing. Tlic v. is pleasantly situated on both sides 
of Huron r., which here affords excellent water-power, im- 
proved by numerous mills and manufactories. In 1S50, it 
contained 4 flouring-mills, the value of the annual product 
of which was lH65,0O0; and 2 saw-mills, with annual 
product of jill,S7S. The v. also contains a Slate normal 
school, a branch of the State university, and 5 churches. 
The Michigan Central R. E. passes through, 80 m. ft-om 
Detroit, 243 m. from Chicago. The " Y. Chronicle" (wliig) 
and " Y. Sentinel" are issued weekly. I'op. of v. about 
2,000 ; of t 8,052. 

YuAB or Juab count}', Utah. Lies between Tooele and 
Millard counties, and extends from San Pete co. to the 
California line. It is chiefly a barren wilderness, crossed 
by mountain ranges, with some fertile spots near the water 
courses. There are several siuall lakes in the co. which 
receive the streams, but have no outlets. Nicollet r. and 
lake are the largest. Yuab was formerly a part of Sau 
Pete CO. Capital: Nephi City. 

Yuba, p. o., Hancock county, III: 90 m. W. N. W. 
Springfield. 

YuuA river, Calif. : is formed in Yuba co. by the con- 
fluence of three head forks, and flows W. 8. W. to ils 
entrance into Feather r. The gold diggings on Yuba r. and 
its branches have been among the most profitable in the 
State. 

Yuba Crrv, p. v.. Sutter county, Calif. : on W. bank of 
Feather r., opposite mouth of Yuba r., 90 m. N. N. E. 
Vallejo. 

Yuba county, Calif. In the country on Yuba river. 
Drained by Bear river. Dry creek, Yuba river, on which are 
the principal mining operations, Indiana creek, Clark's run. 
Deer creek. Middle Yuha. Cafiou creek. Slate creek, etc., 
on all of which gold is found in abundance. Many of these 



ZAB 



ZOL 



strtania huxc lucii turni.-.! by c:ui:iiling. Tin- liiijiR'sl 
peak of Ihe mountains — Oregon Hill, risoa 2,800 Hut 
high. Kami lands under cullivatiou in 1S5'2, 7,O0S acres. 
Tlie county contains IS saw-mills, proJucinj; annually 
9,0o0,00U feet limber, and one flnur-niill. Capital em- 
ployed in quartz mining $l'21.4(iO, in i)hicer mining 
$TIO,i)0(l, in river mining $l,GS7,ir)0, ami in merchandise 
and trade $1,939,000. TVholo capital, exclusive of real 
t'llate. $4.5Tu,50O. Pop. inl3r,2, 22,0n5: viz., whites 17.299— 
niales KJ.GOG. and females fi;>.') ; negroes 194 — males IS'2, an<i 
fiMUiles 12 ; mulattocs, 45 males ; domesticated Indians 120 ; 
foreisin residents 3.055— males 2,Si'9, and females 246; 
Chinamen 2,lO(i. Over 21 years of age- citizens LViJo, 
negroes I'd, mulattocs 45, Indians lti2, foreign residents 
2,S4I5. The jirincipal towns and settlements aro — Marysville, 
pop. 4.5i)(i; duslej's Bar, pop. 390; Kennebec, pop. 120; 
Long's Bar, pop. 4S0; Park's Par, etc. Nevada county has 
been taken from Tuba. C<rj)it<tl : Marysville. ruhlic 
Works: Uenccia and Marj'sville P. P. (projected). 



Zabi'-iski. p. v.. Do "U'itt co., III.: 47 m. N. E. Spring- 
field. The Illinois Central E. P. will pass lhn>ugli it. 

Zacuakt, J). o., Marshall county, Aid. : on N. W. side of 
Tennessee r. 146 m. N. Montgomery. 

Zackville, p. v., Wirt co., Viri/.: 232 m. W. N. W. of 
Pichmond. 

Zanesfiet.d, p. v., Logan co., Ohio: 43 m. N. W. by W. 
C-'limil'US. Laid out on October lUh, 1S19. Population 
about 250. 

Zanesmi.le. p. v., Munlgoiiiery county, IlL: 32 m. S. of 
Si.ringfl..-ld. 

Zanesvii.i.k, p. v.. and cap. Muskingum CO., O/uo: on K. 
bank of Mu--kin2um r., opposite the mouth of Licking r, 
M m. E. Cohiiiibus. This flmirishing v. has experienced a 
rapid growth, and is one of the most thriving j>laces in the 
t=tate. The Muskingum r. in passing the t. has a natural 
descent of 9 IV-el in 1} miles, which, by means of a dam. is 
increased to 16 feet, thus affording efficient water-power. 
The manutaetories improving this great privilege are of all 
kinds, ami many of them are extensive. The number of 
factories using steam-power is also large, arising mainly 
frnm the abundance of bituminous coal supplied fmm the 
surrounding hills. The Muskingum luxs been made navi- 
gable f'lr steamboats to Dresden, 15 miles above, where a 
navigable side-cut, 2J ra. long, connects with the Ohio Canal, 
thus affording to Zanesvilie the advantages of direct con- 
nection with the great canals of the State. Steamboats ply 
regularly from this place to Pillsburg and Cincinnati. The 
lines of railroad passing through Zaucsvilie are, Central 
Ohio R. P., now completed from Columbus to this village, 
T''* m., and in coni-truction fo AVheeling; Cincinnati, Wil- 
mington, and Zancsville R. P.. 125 m., in conslructtun; and 
the CleveLaml, Zanesville, and Cinciimati R. P., formerly 
Akron Branch P. P., which will be cimpleted in 1S54- The 
village contains very hnndsome county buildings, 3 banks, 
and 14 ehun-hes. The general interesLs of education are 
Well provided for in excellent public schools and numerous 
private academies. Among Ihe former are 2 high schools, 
one for males and one for feuuiks, which arc of high repute, 



ami among the tatter is an academy liberally cMabli.-ihwl 
and endowed by the late John M'Intire, the founder of 
Zanesville. The citizens have an enviable re|)nt:ition for 
general intelligence, as well ;i8 for business enlerpri'^e. A 
popular Atlien;euni, having a library of 10,00(1 volumes, with 
reading-room, etc., and aimmil lectures, is well suslaine.l. 
The newspapers here puMiwhed in 1-50 M'cre, •• Zanc^^^ ille 
Courier" (whin), issuing daily. Iri-weekly, and weekly c<li- 
tions, "Z. Gnzette" (neut.), and "Z. Aurora" (dem.), eai-h 
issued weekly : '' Clarion of Freedom" (free soil). " Western 
Recorder'' (Mcth.), "Family (tuarlo" (I'ret-by.); besides 
wliich, the "Annual Register"' is a regular jtulilication. 
The v. is abundanily supplied with water. Mhich is raised 
from tlie Muskingum by a powerful forciuLr-pump. into a 
reservoir on a hill TOO feet high, and containing T5o,oi)0 
g;dlons. and is thence disiributed through the \'ill:ige in iron 
pipes. Bridges connect tlie v. with I'utniim, South Zanes- 
ville, and West Zanesville, which are intimately connected 
with the business interests of Zanesville. Pop. of v. in 
1S40, 4.766; in 1S50, 7.T91. 

Zavali.a. p. v., Jasper co., Teip. : on E. side of Angelina 
river, 220 m. E. by N. Austin City. 

Zriulon, j). v., and c:ip. Pike co., Arl: ; 90 m. W. S. W. 
Little pock. It contains the county buildings and several 
stores. Pop. about 150. 

ZKitrLON". p. v.. and cap. Pike co., (?<!.: CA ni. AV. Mil- 
ledgevillc. It contains the county buildings, 3 churches, :in 
academy, several stores, etc. Pop. about 3^0. 

Zf.ueni.ple, p. v.. Butler co., Pt^nn. : on S. side of Cone- 
quennessiiig er., 164 m. W. by N. Iliurisburg. It is a pleas- 
ant v., containing several mill?* and slores. Pop. about SOU. 
Zknas, p. v., Jennings county. /ii</.: on Vernon fork of 
Drusilla r.. 55 m. S. S. E. Indianapolis. 
Zf.no, p. o,, York dist., S. Oir. : 66 m. N. Columbia. 
ZiMMEi'.MAN, p. o., Greene co., O-'iia: 62 m. S. W. by W. 
Columbus. 

ZioN. p. v., Centre co.. Penn. : 6.5 m. N. W. Ilarrisbnrg. 
In the vicinity is a hot-blasl charcoal furnace, with anmi:d 
capacity of 1.400 tons; also a rolling-mill making plate nud 
sheet iron, employing 16 men. 

ZioN, p. o., Iredell county, ^^. Car. : 120 miles W. by ^'. 
Pahigh. 
ZioN^, p. o., Cecil CO., M'?. : 52 m. N. E. Annapolis. 
Ziox, p. o., Grant co., /«'./. ; 55 m. N. N. E. Indianapolis. 
Ziox Hill, p. o., Hamilton county, Tenn.: 103 ra. S. E. 
Nashville. 

Zi"K Seminaht. p. 0., Coviuirton co., J/Zv?. ; on E. side 
of Bowie er., 65 m. S. E. Jackson. 

ZioNsviLLE, p. 0., Lehigh co., Pemi.: 70 m. E. N. E. of 
Harrislnirg. 
ZoAu, p. o., Erie co., 2^. Y. : 26T m. W. Albany. 
ZoAK. p. v., Tuscarawas co., Ohio: on K. bank of Tusca- 
rawas r.. 90 m. E. N. E. Columbus. Setllcri by a Germni; 
communist colony, called Sep.aratists, under the gnverimient 
of a patriarch. Their farms and gardens are well cultivated, 
an. 1 the general appear;mce of the vilhige betokens indus- 
try and virtue. Pop. 249. 

ZoAE Bkidgk, p. v., New Haven CO., Cfmn. : 46 m. S. S.W. 
Hartford. 

Zoi.i,r!:criLT.E, p. o., Washington co., PenJi. ; 166 m. W. 
Ilarrisbnrg. 

955 



APPENDIX TO FISHER'S STATISTICAL GAZETTEER. 



RAILROADS OF THE UNITED STATES, 1853. 



Alabama : 

Alabiima and Florida 

Ahibama and Mississippi 

Alal)!i.ma and Tennessee River 

0"]umlms and Opelika 

Fort (Jainc!* and Pensacola 

Girard and Mobile 

Mcnipliis and Ciiarlestoa 

Molide and Ohio. : 

Mntilsmnery and West Point 

Nsisliville and Florence 

Komc and Jacksonville 

Winchester and Alabama 

Arkansas: 

Il-.'I.-na and Little Koek 

Lillle Hock and Texas 

Little lloekand Fort Smith 

A\'hite Uiver Valley 

Caufousia : 

Bcnit'ia and Marysville 

Oro City and Bear Kiver 

Pacific anil Atlantic 

Connkcth'ut: 

Collinsville Branch 

Danbnry and NorwaUc 

Hartford. Providence, and Fishkill . 

llonsatonic 

Mi.ldU'town Branch 

Naugatiick 

New Haven, llarlford.and Springfield 

New Haven and Norltuunptoii. 

New Haven and New London 

N. London, Williinanlic, and Palmer 

New York and Boston (air line). 

New York and New llaven.... 

Nnrwti-li and Worcester 

Plaiiifi.'ld 

New London and Stonington . . . 
Dklawauk: 

Delaware Central 

Newcastle and Frenchtown 

Newcastle and Wilmington 

I'hilad., Wiiniington, and Baltimore. 
Fi.ok[da: 

Atlantic and Gnlf Central , 

Brunswick and Florida 

St. Josi'ph's 

St. Mark's aud l*ensacoia 

Gkougia: 

A thi-ns Branch 

Brunswick and Florida 

Burke County 

JJuikr IJraneii of South-western. 

Central 

Fatonton 

East Tennessee and Georgia 

Georgia 

La Grans:e 

Macon and Western 

Milledceville and Gordon 

Muscogee 

Rome 

Itome and Jacksonville 

Savannah and Albany .^ 

South-Wfsbrn 

Warrentnn liranch 

Western and Atlantic 

Wilkes County 

Illinois : 

AU'Mi. Mount Carmel,and N. Albany 

Aurora Branch 

956 



dim 


Pro 


Tolnl 


pleled. 


gress'g. 


Length 


rr,. 


m. 


m. 








164 


— 


— 


118 


40 


142 


182 


— 


30 


30 





— 


73 


— 


— 


227 


T5 


129 


204 


33 


50 


83 


SS 


— 


SS 


— 


19 


19 


— 


— 


42 


— 


21 


21 




^_ 


112 


— 


— 


163 


— 


— 


116 


11 


— 


11 


24 


— 


24 


rio 


9(i 


146 


74 


— 


74 


10 


— 


10 


57 


— 


57 


C-3 


— 


62 


45 


— 


56 


60 


— 


50 


66 


— 


66 





— 


7S 


70 


— 


76 


60 


— 


66 





— 


3:i 


— 


10 


10 


_ 


_ 


43 


10 





16 





— 


6 


23 


— 


22 


— 


— 


126 


2S 


— 


23 


26 


— 


26 


40 





40 





— 


104 


21 


80 


51 


21 


— 


21 


191 


— 


191 


— 


20 


20 


171 





171 


59 


2S 


87 


101 


— 


101 


17 


— 


17 


fiO 


59 


50 


20 


— 


20 


. — 


. — 


42 


— 


— 


203 


50 


59 


109 


4 


— 


4 


140 


— 


140 


— 


IS 


13 


_ 


_ 


132 


13 


— 


13 



Illinois— (7o7i?/mf«(^.* 

Aurora Extension 

Belleville and IlUnolstowu 

Beloit Branch 

Central Illinois 

Central Milit;trv Tract 

Chicago an! Milwaukie 

Chicago and Missis-iippi 

Chicago and Rock Island 

Chicago and Savannah Junction.. 

Fox Biver Valley 

Galena and Chicago Union 

Great Western Central 

Illinois and Wlseon-sin 

Mississijipi aud Atlantic 

Mississippi Junction 

Northern Cross 

O'Fallon's Coal Bluff 

Ohio and Mississippi 

Peoria and Oquawka 

Peoria and Warsaw 

Rockfor'l and Koek Island 

Sangamon and Masaac 

Savaimah Branch 

St. Charles Branch 

Torre Haute and Alton 

Western Branch, G. and Ch. Uai()n 
Inpiana : 

Auburn and Eel Kiver 

Central Indiana 

Cincinnati and St. Louis 

Evansville and Illinois 

Evansville, Indianapolis, & Cleveland 

Fort Wayne anil Chicngo 

Flirt Wayne and Lafayette 

Fort Wayne aud Mississippi (air line) 

Fort Wayne and Southern 

Fort Wayne, Union, aud Cincinnati 

Goshen Branch 

Indian:ipolis and Bellefonlaine 

Indianapolis and Springfield 

Jeff.Tsonvillc 

Junction 

Lafayette and Indianapolis 

Lawrt'iiceburg and Upper Mississippi 
. Logansjiort and Chicago 

M:i<lison and Indianapolis 

Martinsville 

^[icbigan City Branch 

New Albany and Salem, etc 

Newcastle and Richmond 

Northern Indiana 

Ohio and Indiana 

Ohio and Mississippi 

Peru and Indiananolis 

Shelbyvllle and Knighlslown 

Shelby ville Lateral 

Shelliyville and liushville 

Terre Haute and Eiehniond 

W^abaah Valley 

low a: 

Dubuque and Keokuk 

Lyons. Iowa City, and Council Bluff 

St. Louis aud Northern 

KESTi'cicy; 

Covington and Lexington 

Covingl'on and Louisville 

Knoxville and Cincinnaii 

Lexington and Big Sandy 

Lexington and I'anville 

Lexington and Frankfort 



Com 
[(tcted 



Pro- 
gress 'f;. 



86 

14 

20 

C99 

92 

97 

82 
84 



147 

SO 



SG 

14 

20 

699 

l-'5 

93 

25T 

180 

48 

32 

126 

1ST 

176 

145 

80 

84 

8 

147 

86 

120 

33 

198 

85 

T 

17-2 

43 



182 
111 
179 
150 
94 
109 
73 
65 
10 
84 
62 
lOT 
89 

91 



103 
118 
21 

78 
27 
15 
20 
73 
94 

183 
2-i3 
200 



100 
123 
124 
85 
29 



APPENDIX.— KAILROADS. 



KEXTrrKY — Cuntinwfl : 
Tvuiisvillc.('larkr.svill(^ and Memphis 

T.fuiisvill,-;uMi Nasdville 

• ami Frunkfort 

i.I Bi^SaTKiy 

1(1 Lexington 

■ jui'l ohin 

and Henderson 



I.nuisvill.- 
MuvMillr 
M:usvi|U- 

Mnhii.' 

Nu.st 



Com- 
|,iele.t. 



LonsiANA: 

Clinton and Port Hudson 

Mi'xicati Gulf 

Milrifbiirirand Lake Pnntpharlrain.. 

Nn^Inillf and Nt-w Orli'ans 

Nrw < )rleans and Carrollou 

N. CrL'ans, Jackson, &; Gt. Nnrthcrn 

K- Orleans, t)pelniisus. itOt. WtJstern 

Vioksliurir and Shreveport 

■West Feliciana 

M.v:nk: 

Androscoiisin 

Aiiilrosoi^iTin and Kennebec 

AllarUic and St. Lawrence 

Ban^T anii Milfnrd (Penobscot) 

Uelfast and W'aterville 

Eaniior and Piscataquis 

EeUusl aii'i Moosehcad Lake 

Baih P.ranoh 

Boston an'i Maine 

B.ickficld Branch 

Calais and Baring 

l)amarisc()tta 

Knnipean and North American 

Great i'alls and South Berwick 

I'-ranklin 

Newport and Dexter 

Keiuiebec and Portland 

Lewistown and Topshana 

Penobscot and Kennebec 

Portland. Saco, and Portsmouth 

Sebago Branch 

York and Cumberland 

Somerset and Kennebec 

Saco Valley 

Ya-8alboro' and China 

Wakylanp : 

Atinapnlis and Elkridge 

Baltimore and Ohio 

Baltimore and t^u^quehanna 

Cuuib.-rland Coal Company's 

George's Creek 

Georjrelown and Catoctin 

Tranklin 

Fredi-rick Branch 

Metnipijlitan 

M'.nnl Jiavaije 

Nt'we;isl!e and Frenchtown 

riiiIadel,.Wilmin>:ton,and Ballilliore 

Washin^lMTi llranch 

"Westminster Branch 

MASSAfunSF.TTS: 

A;;ricu!tural Branch 

Amherst and Belchertown 



Berkshir 



]»oston, Barre,and Gardner 

Boston and Lowell , 

Brandies 

Boston an<I Maine 

Branches. 

Boston and Providence 

Branelies 

Boston and ^Yoroester 

Brandies 

Cape Cod Branch 

Branches 

Charles River Branch 

Charles River 

Olieshire 

Connecticut Uiver 

Dtjrdiester and Milton Branch. 

Danvers and Georgetown 

Ka^tern 

Branches 

Kssex 

Branch 

Fall Kiver 

Fit'-hburw 

Branches 

Fitchbtirg and Worcester 



102 
ISO 
65 
91 
G7 
:i9 
ViO 



6 
51 
2l:l 

'.;oT 

•20 



55 

149 

l-'-i 

:is 

1-2 

75 

1) 

3 

SO 

Vi 



21 

3SII 



MAssAcnisET-m — Conthtned : 
Grand dnneiinn and Dei^fit Company 

llarilMrd and New Haven 

Harvard Brand) 

Lcxiiiirton and West (.'ambridjre 

Lowell ami Lawrence 

Marlboro' liraiu-h 

Meilway Branch 

N:i»hna and Lowell 

New lledlord and Tauiilon 

];randi 

Newbiiryport 

New London, Williniantic, *k Palnn-r 

Norfolk <. bounty 

Norwich and Worcester 

Old Colonv 

Branches 

r<'ieri'oro' and Shirley 

Pittj.lleld and North .\danis 

Providence and Bristnl 

Provideiii'e and Worcester 

Salem and L'Well 

Saneu^ Branch 

SMUibbn.lu'e ami Bbu'kslone 

80111I1 Uradiii^ Branch 

lininches 

S'lntli Shore 

Storkbridire and Piltsfield 

Stonv BriK.k , 

Stoiii;lilr.n l;randi 

Taunt' -Ti Branch 

r.ranch 

Troy and Greenfield 

Vermont and Massachusetta 

Brandu-s 

TVare i:iver 

Western 

W^'.st Storkbridire 

Worcester and Nashua 

MiriiH;AN : 

Conslanline Branch 

D.-Iroil ami I'oiitiac 

Betroit, Monroe, and Toledo 

I'Ti'- and K:ilamazoo 

MirhiuMuCeniral 

Mii'hiiran Sonlliern 

Oakland and Oltowa 

Teeumsch Branch 

Mississiei'i : 

Ahibama and Mississippi 

Mi-sj-sippi Central 

Mobile and Ohio 

New Orleans. Jackson, and Norlhen 

New I >rl'ans and Nashville 

Ravinond Ilraiicb 

St. Francis and Woodville 

Yicksbur^, .lackson, and Brandon . 
Missonii: 

Canton and Blonmfield 

Hannibal and St. Joseph's 

Imn Mountain 

Le\niL'li>n and Daviess County 

Ni'rili Missouri 

P.-ieiiic 

Platie Comity 

South-western .. 

New HAMi'sniiiK: 

Ailanlic and SU Lawrence 

Aslnielot 

Bi'sion and Maine 

B'sion. Concord, nnii Mtmlreal 



Bt 



mI Ih 



Clieshire 

Cdi.co 

Concnrd 

C'onconl and Clarenionl .. . . 

('ont4iocook Valley 

ICastern 

(ircat Falls P.rani-h 

Great Falls and Conway ... 
Manchester and Lawrence . 
New Hampshire Central ... 

Northern 

Portsmouth and Concord. . . 

Sullivan 

White Mountain 

Wilton 

Worcester and Nashua 



1-2 

4 
15 

■20 
1 

ir. 

fi6 

20 
59 

37 
s 

14 
19 

4-t 





155 
:? 
4ii 

4 
25 

35 
2-2 ^ 
131 



— 


US 


ISU 


isri 


2T:i 


27« 


I"0 


mo 


— 


&\) 


— 


T 


— 


'2A 


— 


Cl» 


z 


•^10 


— 


TO 





9M 


■.'41) 


2S0 



800 

61 
•2i 

m 

loa 

IS 

43 

'2S 
35 
51 
14 
16 
8 
13 
26 
26 
CO 
47 
26 

15 
T 



APPENDIX.— RAILROADS 



New Jersky : 

iiflvidf re Delaware 

Burlinglon an<I Mnunt Holly 

CanKien ami Amboy 

Catiifieii :in.l Amboy liranch 

Caiii'Ieu and Alhinlic 

('imiiiuii and Cape May 

ru-niinijton Branch 

Morris and Essex 

Nt'w Jersey 

New Jersey Central 

Trenton Braneh 

TTtiion 

Woodbury Branch 

New Yokk : 

Albany Northern 

AllKiny and I'laltsbnrg 

Albany and Susquehanna 

Alban^ and Schenectady 

Albany and West Stockbridge 

Attica and Alleghany Valley 

Batavia Branch 

Bntraloand AlU-cthany Valli-y 

Buffalo. Corning, and New York . 

Buffalo and New York City 

Buffalo and Niagara Falls 

Buffalo and Lockport 

Buffalo and State Line 

Buffalo and lioehcster 

Buffalo and Black Koek 

Canandai^ua and Elmira 

CanandaiEjua and Niagara Falls .. 

Cayuga and Susquehanna 

Corning and Blossburg 

Frie and New York City 

Genesee Valley 

IlainlMirg and Erie 

Hartford. Providence, and Fishkill 

liempatead Branch 

Hudson Eiver 

Hudson and Berkshire 

Lake Ontario, Auburn, and Ithaca.. 

Lebanon Springs 

Lewistnn 

Long Island 

Mohawk Valley 

Motilreal and Plattsburg 

Newbnrg Branch 

New York and New Haven 

New York and Erie 

New York and Harlem 

New York and Western 

Northern (Ogdeni^burg) 

Oswego and Svracnse 

Plaltsburg and" Whitehall 

Potsdam and Watertown 

Kensselaer and Saratoga 

Kochester. I^ockport, &Niagara Falls 
Kochesier and Lake Ontario .... 
Rochester and Uoneoye Falls ... . 
Rochester and Syracuse (direct) . 

Rochester ami Syracuse 

Richlnnd and Washington 

Packclfs Harbor and EIHsbnrg... 
Sarali'ira and Sackett'a Harbor... 

Saratoira Braneh 

Saratoga and Schenectady 

Saratoga and Washington 

Scheuec-tadv and Troy 

Skaneatfles and Jur-lan 

Sodiis I'.iint and Soutliern 

Svraruse and Binghampton 

Syracuse and ITtica 

Trov and Green liush 

Troy and Boston 

XTiic-a and Black Uivcr 

ITiica and Schenectady 

X'tica and Binghampton 

Walerlown and lioirK- 

Wllliam?port and EUnira 

NouTii Carolina : 

Atlantic and North Carolina 

Charlotte and South Carolina. . . 

Gaston and Raleigh 

Greenville and Roanoke 

North Carolina 

Roanoke Valley 

Seaboard and Roanoke 



pitted. 



Pni- Total 
gress'g. Length 



2 
144 



19 

17 

415 

130 

US 
35 



7ii 

S 

SO 
11)4 



153 



153 
IT 
3S 
74 
11 
30 

133 
91 



67 
92 
S3 
14 

42 

85 
50 

2 
144 
34 
SO 
50 

3 
95 



19 
17 
445 
130 
313 

lis 

35 



32 
76 

S 

:^o 

104 
00 
13 



Com- 
pleted. 



35 




76 


"G 


— 


53 





G 


_ 


89 









TS 


CO 


111) 




97 


— 


— 


S9 


89 











S7 





21 





'>23 


•32 


32 


. — 


— 



SORTII CAnnu^^—Cimthulrd : 

Wilniinjrton iintl Weldon 

Wilminglou auil Mauclic-slLT 

Ohio ; 

HninbriOge Branch 

IJtlU'Ibntaine and Indiana 

CiifroUnn Branch 

Crnlral Ohio 

Cincinnati and Dayton 

Cini-innati, Haniillon, an<i Ilaylon. 

Cincinnati, ('Icvcland. and Coliimtnis 

Cincinnati, llillal)oro",itl'arkersburg 

Cincinnati AVcslcrn 

('nicinnali. Wilmington, iS: ZanesviUc 

Cicvland and Majioninir 

Cleveland, M.-dina, and Tuscarawas 

Cleveland, I'ainesville, & Ashlalmli 

Cleveland, Zanes\ille, and Cincinnati 

Cleveland and Pittsburg 

Clinton Line 

Colnmbus and Lake Erie 

Colnmbns and I'arkcriburg 

CoUnnbiLS and Xenia 

Columbus, riqna, and Indiana... 

Dayton and Michiitan 

Dayton and Western 

Dayton and Sprinafiold 

Dayton and Xenia 

Erie and Kalamazoo 

Findlay Branch 

Franklin and Warren 

Greenville and M iami 

Hamilton and Eaton 

Hanover Br.anch 

Iron 

.Junction 

Little M iami 

Mad l;iver and Lake Erie 

Mansfield and Sandusky 

Muriel ta and Cincinnati 

Newark and Manslield 

Ohio and Indiarui 

Ohio and i'ennsylvania 

Ohio and Mississi]>pi 

l',inieroy Branch 

I'ltisbur'ij. Maysville. and Cincinnati. 

Seioi.i ;uid llockinjr Valley 

Siirinetield, Mt. ^\'^non, & Pittsburg 

Metibemille and In<liana 

Si»rin;:liel(l and London 

S).rini:lield and Xenia 

Tol. ilo. Norwalk. and Cleveland.. 

T<.ledoand SI. Loui.s 

Twin Creek 

Wellsvilli! and Wheeling 

I*ennsylv.\nia: 

Alleirhany Portage \.. 

Alleghany Valley 

Baltimore and Susquehanna 

1J< ■a\ er Meadow and Branches . . . 

I'.lairsville Branch 

t^ari.i'ii-lale :nid Ilrinesdale 

Calawissa, Williainsport, and Erie 

Charlii-rs Valley 

Ihe-tmit Hill and Doylestown 

Chesler Valley 

Coluniliia Branch 

Cf)rtnval! and Pine Grove 

Cundierland Valley 

Ilaovdleand Poltsville 

1 laiiviUe and Shainokin 

InuipliMi antl Susquehanna 

Delaware. Lehigh, .t Wyom. Valley 

Eric and North-east 

Eranklin Caind 

Franklin 

Gerinanfown Branch 

Gettysburg 

llarrisburg ami Lancaster 

Ilazelton and Lehigh 

Ilemplield ' 

llollidaysburg Branch 

lUinlinilonainl Broad Top Mountain 

I,ackawanna and Western 

Lebanon Valley 

Lebigh and Susquehanna 

Lewisburg. Centre, and Spruce Creek 
Little Schuylkill 



Pro- Total 
greaa'g. Leriijtli. 



162 



lis 

£9 



60 
135 



71 
2S 
1110 

60 

55 



87 
44 
13 
13 

84 
134 
56 

61 

1S7 



20 
87 



3 

24 



15 
10 
IS 

56 

44 



19 
26 



10 
6 
50 
20 
26 



2(1 

S2 
52 



137 
120 



102 
141 



106 



105 
112 
149 
19 



20 
33 



56 

20 



9 
113 

20 
141 

62 

00 
135 
174 

75 
126 
103 
130 

71 
114 
100 

60 

65 
1112 
141 
36 
24 
15 

16 
106 
87 
44 

13 
27 
110 

S4 

va 

56 
237 

61 
133 
l57 



125 
112 
149 
19 
20 
Si 

20 

3S 

36 
lu8 

83 
3 
24 
90 
89 
15 
28 
IS 
27 
66 
44 
20 
16 

19 
26 



41 
8S 
10 

82 



60 
56 
40 

26 



APPENDIX.— RAILROADg. 



Litlle Schuylkill and Susquehanna . . 

Lykens Valley 

Mahoncy ami Wisconisco 

Maiioh Chunk and Summit Hill 

Mill Oeek 

Mine Hill 

Moiml Carbon 

NL'tiquchoninff 

Norristown, Uoyleston, &, New Hope 

Nnrrislown andFreemanshurg .... 

Oolarara 

i'ennsylvania 

Pennsylvnnia Coal Company's 

Pliii-nixville and Cornwall 

rhiladt-lphia City 

Philadt-Iphia. Easlon.and Water fiaji 

Philaddphiu an'l Columliia 

Philadc-lphia and Keadinir 

Philad.. (ierniantown. & Xorrislown 

riiiladflphia and Tretiton 

Pliil:id.-l[.lii:i and ■W'eatchester 

Phiiadel., AVilminglon. & Baltimore 

Pine Grove. 

Piil.sburs; and ConnelUville 

PiUsburg and Erie 

Pillsbur^ and SteubenvUIe 

Koom Run 

Sichuylkill 

Sehuylkill Valley and Branch 

Strasinirg 

Suiibury and Erie 

Suiibury and PotUville 

tfnnbury and Shamokin 

Susquehanna 

Tioga 

Trevorl/jn and Mahonoy 

Vallev 

'VV,'>Ich<*ster and rhibnlelpbia 

AVbitr Haven and Wiikesbano 

■\Villiani«pnri and KImira 

York and Cumberland 

York and Wrightsville 

EnouK Island: 

New York and Boston (air line) 

rpividfUfe and PUxinfield 

Prnvidence and Stonini:ton 

ProvidL'Ti'-'t; and Worcester 

South C.vp.<h.in.\ : 

Abbeville Branch 

Anderson Branch 

Carndi'n Branch 

Charlotte :ind South Carolina 

Clierau' and Harhnglou 

Columbia liraiicli . .". 

Greenville and Columbia.. 

Kiiii;"s Mountain 

Laurens 

Is'i irlh-eastern 

Rabun (Sa|) or Blue Kidge 

South Carolina T 

Union and ^^partanbure. 

■Wilminiiion and Manchester 

J'.o\vling Creen and Tennessee 

Chailanooga. Harrison, & Charleston 

('ievt-land and Chattanooga 

EiL-it 'rcniiessi-e and (4eoriria .... 
Eiist Tennessee and Virginia .... 

Edgefield and Kentnclcy 

Knoxville and JXmville 

M'Mintiville and Maneheater .. . , 
Memphis and Charleston 



2J1 
47 



fill 

IS 

11 
1-2 

;i: 

lii9 
lU 



13T 
115 



m 

42 



1(5 
1'I8 



114 
V) 
17 
S 
9 

1-2 

7 

5 

2S 

(53 

2.=.7 

47 

513 

6 

Sll 

17 
;jo 

9 
211 

4 

141 
42 

l:J 
2.^) 

240 
4b 

20 

21) 
V) 
20 
2(1 



so 


mi 


■*'i 


110 


12J 


12'i 


_ 


Ull 





nil 


SO 


91 



Thn'nf.sree — CnnfinneiJ : 

Mobile and Ohio .■ 

Nashville and Chattanooga 

Na.-ihville and Cincinnati 

Nasliville anil Ib-ndcrson 

No-shville and ^^empllis 

N.xshville and Mississippi 

Nashville and New Orleans 

Sonth-we«tern 

Western and Atlantic 

Winchester and Alabama 

Tkx.\-^ : 

Bfown.sville and Pjo Orande 

(Jalve.slon and Houston 

Galveston and Ucd Uiver 

Harrisburs and Brazos 

IU»uston and Austin 

Houston and lied River 

San Antonio and Gulf 

Yei'.mont: 

r.ciuOnglon Br.-inrh 

Braltlcbiiro' Branch 

Burlington Brnneli 

(,'onTicciieiit ;ind Passimipaic Rivers 

Rutland an<l Btirlinirton 

Rutland and Washington 

Troy and Rutland 

Vermont and Canada 

Vermont (Antral 

Vermont Valley 

Western Vermont 

ViRorsiA : 

Alexandria. Loudon, and Hampshire 

Appomalt'ix 

Ballimorc and Ohio 

Blue Ri.lirc 

Chesterfield 

Clover Hill 

Covington and Ohio 

Greenville and Roanoke 

neep Run 

Heuipfield 

Manas'ias Gap. 

Morir.'iniown and Independence 

Xorih-wcsteru 

OrriniT'- and Alexandria 

Port Wahhall Branch , 

I'etersbnrir 

I'ill-^bnrg and Stcubenville 

Ri<-limond ami Hanvill.- 

liieliiiiond, Erederick, and Potomac. 

Richmond and Petersburg 

Seabo:ird and Roanoke 

South Side 

Tuckalioe and dames River I5ranch 

Virtrinia Ceidral 

Vir<;inia and Termessec. 

Warrentvju Bmneli 

AVinchesier and Potomac 

Walerford and P.)irH of Rocks 

WiMiams[>ort and North-western 

Wisconsin: 

Belniland Madison 

Central Wi^cmsm 

Chica:ro. Milwaukie.^fe Eon-I du Lac 

EoikI dii Lac and Rock River Valley 

Er)\- River Valley 

La Crosse 

Madison and I'oriaire City 

MiUvankie atid Mississippi 

Miiwral Point , 

llaciiie, dauesville, and Mississippi.. 



[iltle.i. 



fil 

110 
VI 

:^s 
114 
24 
5:i 



10 
01 



12 
IT) 



no 

4G 



02 
;i 
64 

7;? 
'(> 

2'i 

so 

G2 
5 



120 
:J2 
1>1 

959 



APPENDIX.— TELEGRAPHS AND CANALS. 



TELEGRAPHS OF THE UNITED STATES. 



Names of Companies. 



New York ami liost-m Tel-gniph Co. 

MerchaTit-s* Trl. (Jo.. N. Y. and IJoalon 

llousf's Prititlii*; Ti-legraph 

linston !inil Purilaiui 

Mrri'lKints' Ti'l. Co., Boston and I'orltiin'i 

P.irilan.I to Calais 

liusli'ii to l{urlini;[<m, Vl., and thence tc 
Ofj'it-nalturir, N. Y 

B"f»ion to Nt^whurvport 

\Vorci'.stL'r to New'lJrtlford 

■Worce^liT to New London 

Ni'W York. Albany, and Hiiffaio 

N. Y. Slate 'iel. Co., New York to Buffalo 

Syracuse to Ojidensburg 

Troy to barato-ia ^ 

Syracuse to Oswego 

House Tel. Co.. New York to BulTalo 

N.Y.nnd lCricTeI.,Now York to Dunkirk 

N. Y. and Krie Railroad Telegraph, New 
York to Dunkirk 

Magnetic Td. Co., N. Y. (o Washington 

House Line, New York to Pliiladelpliia. 

Troy and Canada Junction Telegraph 
Co., Troy and Montreal 

Erie and Miehigan Telegraph Co,, Buf- 
falo to Milwaukie 

Cleveland to Cincinnati 

Cincinnati to St. Louis, via Indianapoli 

Cincinnati to St. Louis, c ('a Vincennes 

ClevelaU'l and Titisbtirg 

Cleveland and Zanes\'ille 

Lake Krie Td. Co., Buffalo to Detroit 

Cineinnali :uid San lusky City 

Toledo and Terre Haute 

Chicago and St. Louis 

Mihvaukif and Green Bay 

Milwaukie .ind Galena 



a 


21111 


7.")0 


2 


2.i0 


500 


1 


260 


260 


1 


100 


100 


1 


100 


100 


1 


8.J0 


350 


1 


S.'iO 


880 


1 


84 


84 


1 


!17 


97 


1 


7+ 


74 


.s 


613 


1.539 


2 


6.i0 


1,100 


1 


1.10 


160 


1 


86 


86 


1 


40 


40 


2 


550 


1,100 


1 


440 


440 


1 


4fi0 


460 


7 


2t>U 


1.S20 


1 


loo 


100 


1 


260 


2C0 


2 


son 


1,600 


2 


'2.iO 


500 


1 


400 


400 


1 


410 


410 


2 


160 


S"0 


1 


160 


160 


1 


400 


400 


1 


218 


21S 


1 


300 


300 


1 


4O0 


400 


1 


20(1 


200 


1 


2.60 


260 



Kamea o( Companies. 



Chicago to Galena, Whiti-watcr, & Dixon 

Chicago and .lanii-svitlo 

BnffiilTi anil Canada Junction Tcl. Co. . . 
N. York and New Orleans, by Cbarleslon 
Harper's Ferry to Wineliesle'r, Virg. . 

Ballimore to Cumberland 

Baltimore to Harrisburg 

York and Lanca-ster 

I'hiladelpbia antl Lewistown, Del 

I'hiladelphia and New York 

Pbi!adel|)liia and Pitlsburir 

I'hiladelpliia and Pottsville 

lieadin^ au'i Harrisburg 

Troy and Wliitehall 

Auburn and Ehuira 

ritlsburj; and Cincinnati 

t'oluml)U3 and Portsmouth. Ohio 

Cohitubia and New Orleans 

New Orleans to Balize 

Cincinnati and Maysville, Ky 

Alton and Galena 

St. Louis and Independence 

St. Louis .and Chicago 

Newark and Zanesville 

Manslielfl and Sandusky 

Columbus and Lancaster, Ohio 

Lancaster and Log.-in 

Cincinnati to Dayton 

Zanesville and ^Iarietta 

Dunkirk, New Y'ork. and Pittsburg . 
Camden and Cape May, N. Jer. . .T. . 
Camden and Mount Holly, N. .Jer. .. 

New Y'ork and Sandy Hook 

Cleveland and N. Orleans, by Cincinnati 



Tciwl 
niilei of 



810 

1(10 

200 

l,;i6G 

32 

824 
72 
23 
12 

120 

809 
9S 
61 
72 
75 

810 
90 

6«S 
90 
60 

8S0 
25 

830 
40 
40 
.30 
20 

100 
66 

200 

100 

26 

SO 

1,200 



810 

100 

200 

1,966 

32 

824 
7-2 
22 
12 

720 

809 
93 
61 
72 
75 

620 
90 

6iS8 
90 
6ft 

8S0 
25 

830 
40 
40 
80 
26 

lOO 
66 

200 

100 

25 

80 

1,200 



S9 16,7-35 23,2S1 



CANALS OF THE UNITED STATES. 



Saints Ot' Cariali). Length ui miles. 

Maine : 

Cumberlan'I and Oxford 20.5 

Songo Rivi^r Improvement 30.5 

Kkw hlAMI'SlIIRK: 

Bow Falls 75 

Hookset Falls 13 

Amnskeag Falls 1. 

Sewell\< Falls 25. 

Union Falls 0. 

Mi<idlcsex — 

Vermont : 

While lliver Falls 5 

Bellow's Falls 16 

■VValeniui-rhy 4 

MAf^SAOlIV'SIiTTS: 

Middh'9fx 2T. 

I'awtneket l.G 

I'-laek-^tone 45. 

Hanip-hire and Hampden 22. 

Mnntagnt- Falls 8. 

South lladley Falla 2. 

HnoKK Island: 

Hlackstone — 

CoNNKdirrT: 

Fanninsion (tilled in) 56. 

Knfl.dd Falls 5.5 

New Yuhk : 

Frie 864. 

Champlain Junction 64. 

Walerford Junction 2. 

O-swego 38. 

Cayuga and Seneca '21. 

Crooked Lake 8. 

Chemung 89. 

Chen\ung Feeder 16. 

Chenango 97 

Gen.vsce VhIIcv IOS.5 

Danville Branch 11. 

lUaek Uiver 77.5 

Feeder 10. 

Delaware anrl Hudson 83. 

Ilarlem (not U3e<l) 3. 

Croton Aqueduct 40,6 

960 



^nnles ui Ciui.ii'. 1..I.-11. HI Miles. 

Oneida S. 

New Jersky : 

Delaware and Raritan 42. 

Morris 101.7 

Sal.Mn 4. 

Pennsylvania : 

Delaware Division 59.7 

K;istern do 44.5 

Siisijuehanna do 30. 

Juniata 127.5 

West Branch To. 

North Branch T3. 

Western Division 1<!5. 

Franklin 22, 

Krie and Beaver 136. 

French Creek Feeder 27. 

Laekawaxen 22. 

Bald Fagle 25. 

Susquehanna, or Tide Water . 45. 

Conestoga '. 18. 

Codorua 11. 

Union S2. 

Schuylkill 108. 

Lehigh Navigation 47 

Delaware; 

Chesapeake and Delaware ... 14. 
Maryland: 

Chesapeake and Ohio 1S4. 

Chesapeake and Delaware — 

District of Columiua : 

Chesapeake and Ohio — 

Tircinia: 

Alexandria 7.2 

James River and Kanawha . .14S. 

Dismal Swamp 23. 

Bran<-hL's 11. 

North Carolina: 

Weldon 12. 

Cluh Fort and Harlow 1.5 

Dismal Swamp — 

SocTH Cakolina: 

Sautee 22. 

"Winvaw 7.5 



Names of Ciinals. Length 


in Mil<?« 


Saluda !.. 


. 6.2 


Drehr's 


. 1.3 




. 1. 


Loekhart's 


2.T 


Waleree 


. 4. 




. T.8 


Georgia: 




Savannah and Ogeechee 


. 16. 


Brunswick 


. 12. 


Alahama : 




MusoleShoal 


. 35.T 




. 16. 


Louisiana : 




Orleans Bank 


. 4.2 




o 


Barataria 


. 8.6. 




. 8. 


Kentucky : 




Kentucky River Navigation . 


.100. 


Licking do. 


. 114. 


Green df». 


.190. 


Barren do. 


.100. 


Louisville and Portland 


. 2.5 


Illinois : 




Illinois and Michigan 


.US. 


Indiana ; 






4.6H,7 






Ohio: 




Ohio and Erie 


.ii07. 


Zane.sville Branch 


. 14. 


Columbus do 


. 10. 




. 9. 


Ilockinir Valley 


. 56. 


Walhonding Branch 


. 28. 




. 4. 




. 2. 


Miami and Branches 


. S7.7 


Miami Fxten^iion and do 


.189. 






Muskiuirnm Improvement... 


. 91. 


Sandy and Beaver, Mahoning, 66 



J. H. COLTON'S 



o^ 



i\p, €hxts^ it>n\)it-%u\iS, 



GEOGRAPHICAL AND STATISTICAL WORKS. 

Office, No. 86 Cedar Street, Now York. 

Tlw general aocuraoy ami cxacliipss nf the works publialiert from Ihis loTis-cslalilislied hniise has Ixin fully app-KialM 
by the Ic-!irncd and inlellisonl of all parts of lliu world ; and it is with pU-asiirc that Ihe piihlishtT oan n-fir to this fact, in 
soliciting a continuance of the public favor. It has ever been his care to pr iciin; the curlie-tl ami most reliablo infornia- 
lion on all topics connected with the peculiar branch in which he is engaged, and being assisted in the several deparl- 
inenls of his bnsine&s by coniiietent co-laboralors, he has been enabled to invest his publications with that aullienticily 
■which has gained for him the c.nfldence and approbation of all persons interested in geographical and statistical inqui- 
ries. His efforts in the same direction are uiiremitled, and by frequent revisions and the issue of new works, the public 
may rely upon receiving, in an authentic form, every new geographical and statistical fact at Ihc earliest period. The 
following works from his CalaloErue for li.^■! (which may be had on application), are worthy of special notice: 

3}lnnntrit 3^1iili5. 



CALIFORNIA GOVERNMENT MAP, To by 59 inches. 

WORLD, ('0 Merc;dor's projection, engraved on steel, and 
highly embellished, in t/tree sizes, viz. ; 80 by 60 fnches ; 
44 by 30 inches; and 2S by 22 inches. 

WORLD, in hemispheres, for the use of schools and church- 
es, each hemi-sphere gij- feet in diameter. 

NORTH AMERICA, 1 " 

SOUTH AMERICA, I in liro series ; ihc size of one be- 

EUROPE, I- ing 5S by 44 inches, and of the 

ASIA, j other .52 by 'IT, inches. 

AFRICA, J 

NORTH AND SOUTH AMERICA, 32 by 23 inches. 

WEST INDIES, -'-i b.v 2.5 inches. 

UNITED STATES, etc., engraved on steel, in three sizes, 
viz. : S2 by 6> inches ; 62 by 65 inches ; and 4.'> by 36 
inches. 

MEXICO, 42 by 82 inches. 

Also, mounled Maps of PALESTINE, in '"'" sizes, viz. : 
Tn,K, etc., 32 by 25 inches; and a great variety of local Maps. 
OP Tiui Pbesidestb, f.tc. 

COLTON'S AMERICAN ATLAS, »12 50 and J15. 
COLTON'S ATLAS OF THE WORLD, $15and$lS. 

if iiiiir-lUnks, i£tr. 

Guidc-Book through the United States, Canada, etc., wiHi a l-irge Map. 
Route Book through the United States, Canada, etc., "jih a large Map. 
Guide-Book through New England and the Middle States, with a new Map. 
Western Tourist and Emigrant's Guide, with a township Map. 
Overland Guide to California and Oregon, by Horn, with a Map. 
Isthmus of Panama Guide, « iih three Maps, by Dr. E. L. Autenrietli. 
Western Portraiture, " iHi a township Map, by 1>. S. Curti.s.». 
Progress of the United States, by Dr. Fisher. 

(KrnnEling 311nji3 in ^.Mirtiiliir ./nnii. 



NEW YORK, ill townships, 60 by 50 inches. 

INDIAN 4, in sections, of tuo sizes, viz. ; 66 by 48 iuches, 

aii'l 43 by 32 inches. 
ILLINOIS, in sections, 43 by 32 inches. 
MICHIGAN, ill seciious, 35 by 25 inches. 
TOWNSHI? MAPS, of the Stales severally, a CNiroRM 
SERIES, size of each 32 by 29 inches, now in progress, aid 
of which the following are completed; 
Maine. N. IIamp., Onto, 

Vermont, Conn.. 'Wisconsin, 

Mass., Kiiode Isulkd, Missouei, 

New Yor.K, Iowa, 

Vmo.. Md . Del., etc., etc. 

NEW ENGLAND, in townships, on steel and embellished, 

64 by 56 inches. 
SOUTHERN STATES, size, SO by 60 inches (in progresa). 
WESTERN STATES, in towns, 4S by 36 inches. 

SO by 62 inches, and 43 by 32 itiches; Eoypt, Arabia Pb- 
Also, the Stbeam of Time, an historical chart ; Poeteaits 



UNITED STATES, in several sizes. 
NEW YORK, iiiluo.izes. 
MAINE, NEW BRUNSWICK, etc 
NEW HAMPSHIRE and VERMONT. 
MASS., RHODE ISLAND, CONNECTICUT. 
VIRGINIA, DELAWARE, ao.i MARYLAND. 

N. B. All of the above Maps are complete in regard of railroads, canals, etc., up to the date which appears in the title, 
and in all respecrs are much more correct and detailed than any others hitherto published. 



WESTERN STATES, viz.: Ohio, Indian.-!, clc. 

OHIO, MICHIGAN, WISCONSIN. 

ILLINOIS, IOWA, INDIANA. 

NORTH and EOUTH CAROLINA. 

MISSOURI, TEXAS, GEORGIA. 

NEW YORK VICINITY, LONG ISLAND. 



Besidea his own publications,.!. 11. C. has constantly on hand an assort me.nl of American and 
foreign Atlases. Maps. Globes, and otJier geographical works. 



rn\x 



i 



i 



